JUNE,1944 , HON. E. C. CARSON Minister of Mines, British Columbia SUMNER WOOD GRANULATOR EQUIPMENT For manufacturing uniform "Pellet" sawdust for domestic and industrial sawdust burners. Send for Our New Illustrated Bulletin SUMNER SAWMILL PULPMILL SHINGLE MILL AND MARINE MACHINERY Cut Gears and Sprockets Our Specialty * IRON FIREMAN AUTOMATIC COAL STOKERS Canadian Sumner Iron Works Ltd. ENGINEERS and MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS 3550 EAST BROADWAY VANCOUVER, B. C. NATIONAL PORTABLE SAWMILLS National Portable Sawmills lead the field in production, economy and efficiency. FOR FURTHER DETAILS National Machinery Company Ltd. Phone MArine 1251 GRANVILLE ISLAND, VANCOUVER, B. C. MACHINE TOOLS TOOLS — PNEUMATIC & ELECTRIC SHOP SUPPLIES RAILWAY & CONTRACTORS EQUIPMENT SCALES ENGINES —DIESEL & GASOLINE PUMPS TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT COAL STOKERS TRUCKS —HAND & POWER REFRACTORIES WOODWORKING MACHINERY BELTING WELDING EQUIPMENT ABRASIVES VALVES AND STEAM GOODS CHAIN BLOCKS AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT MOTORS AND GENERATORS FAIRBANKS-MORSE *74e *DefavU*Ke*ttcd Stone fa *}*dot4#uf, • Your equipment is your "hand". Prepare for the tasks of reconstruction and peace-time manufacturing. Find out what new and modern tools you will need to give you the strongest possible "bidding hand" in a highly competitive market. After terrific usage ■ in the war-time Battle of Production much of your equipment will be worn out—some of it will not be adaptable to the manufacture of other products. Fairbanks-Morse offers you a great variety of industrial tools, shop supplies, refractories, transmission equipment and materials handling equipment. Known as the Departmental Store for industry, Fairbanks- Morse offers complete stocks and a nation-wide service through its 14 strategically located branch offices and warehouses. ^ (~Jhe CANADIAN Fairbanks • Morse COMPANY jCimited HALIFAX SAINT JOHN QUEBEC MONTREAL OTTAWA TORONTO WINDSOR FORT WILLIAM WINNIPEG REGINA CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER VICTORIA FACTORY. SHERBROOKE, QUE Progressive Winches and Windlasses Ready for Shipments to Our Merchant Fleet DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF MARINE EQUIPMENT For every use and purpose. MAKERS OF THE FOLLOWING MARINE AUXILIARIES 6x6 Steam Anchor Windlasses for Canadian and British Minesweepers. 8x91/4 Steam Anchor ■Windlasses for Staffle- screw Corvettes. 9x10 Steam Anchor Windlasses for Frigates. 7x10Steam Cargo Winches for Merchant Marine. lO'/Jxia Steam Heavy Duty Cargo Winches for Merchant Marine. PROGRESSIVE ENGINEERING WORKS LIMITED 360 WEST FIRST AVENUE - VANCOUVER, B. C. The Progressive Engineering Works Limited is a local company, owned and operated by Vancouver citizens. "p. JL foglor (loitBtruttion <£a. ^Bt&. E. R. TAYLOR, President ROAD AND STREET PAVING • ■ • 71st AVENUE and HUDSON STREET Phone LAngara 0411 VANCOUVER, B. C. Babcock Equipment is Serving Both Afloat and Ashore Our over 85 years' experience and facilities unequalled in this country are producing Marine Boilers, Marine Engines, Pumps, Compressors, etc., for corvettes, minesweepers and cargo boats. Also for the Canadian War Effort on land we are supplying boilers and other equipment to generate power for vital war production industries. BABCOCK design and BABCOCK manufacturing standards ensure efficiency and dependability. BABCOCK - WILCOX & GOLDI E - McCULLOCH GALT limited CANADA Branch Offices Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver B. C. Representative C. C. MOORE & CO., VANCOUVER THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ...when uou plan for Canada's future Canada, when this war is ended, will stand on the threshold of a splendid and challenging opportunity. The need will be there, the time will be ripe, for vast, unprecedented development.Will- ing hands will be there a-plenty accumulated wealth will be there, national resources and the power to convert them to the general good will be there. Let us plan courageously when we figure out Canada's future. Let us plan for lovelier, more labour- saving homes . . . plan for spacious- and beautiful towns. Let us plan for wider, safer highways, well-graded and well-lit ... for modernized railroads, for greater electrification . . . for new bridges, new clover-leafs. Let us plan the spread of rural electrification until its benefits reach every farm and every hamlet. Let us plan with vision for a richer cultural life. Let us plan new centres of science and art . . . colleges, laboratories, dramatic-centres, galleries. Let us plan, for leisure and health, new open spaces in our cities and towns . . . new sports bowls, new swimming pools. Let us plan the modernization of our factories, offices and stores, by re-equipment and reorganization. Let us plan for lighter work yet greater productivity . . . for increased speed yet greater safety. Let us plan for fuller living, greater opportunity, economic security. While there must not be the slightest relaxation of our all-out efforts to win the war — we must plan and we must start planning now. We have had our lesson in unpreparedness. We must not gamble with peace as we gambled with war. Many governmental municipal and industrial groups already are planning. Many individuals are planning. But not enough. More planning, much more planning is needed. Whether we are houseowners, business operators, farmers, civic leaders — let us at J plan for Canada's postwar future ... let us plan with confidence, with courage — For by planning today, we prepare ready-made markets for tomorrow, markets which will absorb our fullest productive effort and thus create gainful employment for everyone. CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. LIMITED JUNE, 1944 Laminated Dredger Spudder Massive size combined with great strength has been achieved in this huge spudder of wood and Laucks' Glue. 85' long, 30 x 30 across, 320 lbs. of Laux and 10,345 F.B.M. of kiln-dried lumber were used. The spudder is used on a Columbia River dredge. tt Your Glue Headquarters" I. f. LAUCKS LTD. Granville Island, B. C. MArine 4136-7 Power Panels • Switches E P Manufacturers of Lighting and Power Panels Junction Boxes—Throughing Switch Boards (Open and Enclosed) Externally Operated and Open Knife Switches Interlocking Switches and SWING-WA Switch Units ELECTRIC PANEL MANUFACTURING LIMITED 1250 Richards Street Vancouver, B. C. SPECIALTY MACHINE HOP Specializing in Precision Machine Work Heat Treating Small Parts Parts Made Industrial Repairs • Rear of 722 W. PENDER STREET PAcific 2427 Vancouver, B. C. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE The graduate hiisiimhi: Published by the Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia JUNE, 1944 Editor: Darrell T. Braidwood, M.A., Barrister at Law Associate Editor: A. D. Creer, M.E.I.C, M.Inst.C.E. Assistant Editors: Dorothy Taylor, B.A.; Donald A. C. McGill, B.A. Business Manager: W. E. G. Macdonald TABLE OF CONTENTS 11:59 Page - 7 INDUSTRIES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 10 PERSONAL NEWS AND NOTES 13 THE PLACE OF THE MINING INDUSTRY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 16 EDITORIAL 18 THE STONE .__.__ 20 POST-DISCHARGE REHABILITATION . . . THE RECORD SO FAR! 22 THE FUTURE OF ENGINEERING 24 TEAM WORK IN TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING 29 THE UNIVERSITY'S RETIRING PRESIDENT 30 CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION A SUCCESS 32 U.B.C. INVADES THE CAPITAL 3 5 Editorial Office: Alumni Assn. Office, Brock Bldg., University of B. C. Published at Vancouver, British Columbia. Business Office: 16 - 555 Howe Street Vancouver, B. C. CfiOttMA" tt n NEVER BEFORE SO MUCH HOIST FOR SO LITTLE MONEY! ZIP-LIFT • Saves rime — saves effort — saves money. • It's a real wire rope hoist. • Permits side pull which is impossible in a chain. • Anti-friction bearings throughout make it smooth, quiet-, long-lasting. • Gears are acurately cut of high carbon steel. • Lightweight — portable — easy to handle. THE LARGEST PLANT OF ITS KIND IN WESTERN CANADA B. C. Distributors MACHINERY CD.LTD. 80G BEACH AVENUE PACIFIC 5461 VANCOUVER B.C. JUNE, 1944 PARAMOUNT REG. TRADE MARK tor ^-Ju-^jar. ~tViey deliver ,_vit»l *ar „ witt asree sometim" of normal «* ' 3 1 V B A I IM HYDRAUI-ICS lO EAST CORDOVA ST. VANCOUVER. B.C. Headquarters for HARDWOODS FOR ALL PURPOSES kB^B^^^A^jgggn^^Sjg^^ 1 • V,:" jj^ii': .i.*B ^^^^^HHMtt'i-ij^—u-•...■■••:'-*- ■;/■ . iiiiiii ' qMv^HHHlilllll Limi»t^ra0F Vr^tPftnn Mill lull ^gjjllufj II Stocks available at our Vancouver warehouses. LUMBER PANELS VENEER FLOORB r g J. Fyfe Smith Co. Ltd. MArine 2564 1320 Richards St. Vancouver, B. C. COMPLETE GEAR CUTTING DOUBLE REDUCTION GEAR UNIT WITH COVER REMOVED, SHOWING GEAR ARRANGEMENT, ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM. We have the most complete and modern gear-cutting machinery in Western Canada, and the only machine in Western Canada for cutting Helical continuous tooth gears, capacity to 54 inch by 10 inch face up to 2 D.P. Get our prices on Gears of any kind, Cut Sprockets, any pitch and diameter; cost iron or steel. ENGINE REBUILDING Industrial, Marine, Stationary, Gas and Diesel Engine Work CYLINDER AND CRANKSHAFT GRINDING We carry a full line of piston patterns for all engines on this coast. Our stock of Quality Piston Rings is complete to 11" in diameter. "When in Trouble Call Reliance" Reliance Motor & Machine Works LIMITED VANCOUVER, B. C. Phone PAcific 3345 395 Alexander Street THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE By R. S. LYND, Chairman of the Department of Sociology in the Graduate School of Columbia University. Editor's Note: This article first appeared in the March 26, 1944, edition of PM, New York. It is the Chronicle's policy to present as many views as possible on current problems and we feel that this article expresses one of those views. The material herewith is used by permission of the author. Limitations of space have unfortunately necessitated some condensation of the original article. A wide, and I believe disastrous, gap exists between what the decent people of the democracies are hoping for out of this war and what the pressure of circumstances and organized power under the surface in democracy may force upon them. Both here and in England these people hope that something really better will come out of the war, but private thinking tends to be brow-beaten by the need to get on with the war. We Americans lag somewhat behind Britain in our awareness of the extent of impending change. Our mood—and our American soldiers in Britain share it—is like that of a man driving along a broad concrete road at 50 miles an hour who has come to a barrier marked Detour—Road Under Repair; so he is now, during the war, bumping along at 15 miles an hour in the field beside the road; but he takes it for granted that right up ahead behind that clump of trees he'll be back on the concrete. In England, on the other hand, as they bump along over the rough war road, everybody takes it for granted that there will be extensive new road-building ahead. If our hopes are for a better "world in general," the people of Britain see their own national institutions as also involved. But I felt in England, as I feel here, a basic unprepared- ness and helplessness of the ordinary folk to implement their hopes, and the strong likelihood that the pressure of circumstances—specifically, the need for swift, effective action, and the pressure of organized power groups—will force upon them concurrence in a world they never intended. I am reluctantly skeptical of the great plans of liberal intellectuals and of the hopes of liberal citizens for a brave new world out of this war. I am skeptical because I believe democracy is unready and, especially, unorganized to state its program positively and to see that program through by organized action. I believe that it is now 11:59 p.m. and events have an accumulated momentum that probably cannot be stopped or even seriously deflected in this final minute of feverish effort. In attempting to appraise the future, I make the following assumptions: 1. One may not expect new and better things of the postwar world merely because men of good will all over the world are fed up with war, depression and unemployment, aggressive nationalism, and fascism. 2. There is every likelihood that the dominant direction of thrust of economic and political institutions before the war will primarily determine what we get after the war. 3. How institutions operate depends primarily upon who has power—not theoretical power but factual power to do decisive things. 4. In so far as war or any other emergency puts pressure on this factual structure of power to change conditions, the tendency of those in control is either to intensify their power tactics enough to beat down the opposition or to make the least possible changes necessary to keep the going system running. It becomes crucially important, therefore, to ask: Who really wields controlling power in an industrial nation like the United States? And what are they after? As democrats we Americans have believed that political power should be diffused among all adult citizens. The state has no independent power, but holds its power from the citizens. Latent within the American attempt to marry political democracy and private capitalism was a major conflict between majority rule and minority property rights. The preponderant weight of economic power in the Constitutional Convention, while conceding the outward forms of political democracy, went on to cripple democratic power at the source by parcelling up this power by a marvellously dexterous system of barriers to its expression. And political power was diffused among the people on the unstated, but factually double-locked, assumption that it was not to be used to diffuse equality in the economic sphere. Actually, our nation was founded in a backswing of revulsions from centralized power. Such power was viewed as a thing to be feared, not used. The problem of power was stated negatively. And our political democracy has, all down through our national life, been casual to the point of recklessness about the positive development of its own authority. Formally, the democratic state has held all the aces; but actually as time has passed, to use Harold Laski's words, "The disproportion in America between the actual economic control and the formal political power is almost fantastic." Despite intermittent guerilla skirmishes between state power and private economic power, American democracy has been sluggish about recognizing the challenge to its very existence involved in growing economic power. Several factors have encouraged this casual attitude within democracy: 1. The issue between democratic power and private economic power has been viewed primarily only as a regional issue between agrarian and eastern industrial states. 2. Again, the fact that American democracy began coincidentally with the amazing productive advance we call JUNE, 1944 the Industrial Revolution and the opportunity to exploit the vast internal empire of the United States made it easy for the citizens of democracy to take democracy for granted as essentially completed, whereas we had made only a beginning; and to turn their backs on democracy's unfinished business and to plunge into the grand personal adventure of growing rich. 3. The American way—loose-jointed, wasteful, evoking prodigies of energy from men in the raw frontier era of preempt and exploit—has yielded a sumtuous take. And to a nation manifestly growing rich, the growing insecurities within such a predatory institutional system have prompted us to seek security not through re-examining the system and its contradictions but through the simpler process of reaffirming the perfection and finality of the Constitution. Such has been the theory of power held by us hopeful and busy Americans. But what is the fact of power in industrial society today? 1. First, power is indivisible and economic power is political power. The effort to view political power and economic power as separate things is, has been, and always will be a fiction. Democracies have been able to avoid recognizing this unified nature of power because they have fostered the illusion that the State represents the common interests of the people. In connection with the weak role of the general public, let me stress the fact that power means effective power, and effective power in modern society means organized power. A crucial problem democracy faces today is its lack of effective organization to carry on its affairs. We have proceeded, all down through our national life, on the casual assumption that men are rational, free, and know what is best for them; and that no positive philosophy of social organization is therefore needed, because men can be counted on to recognize the need for organizing themselves wherever that need exists and to go ahead and organize themselves. The catch is that that assumption about human behavior just isn't true. And, as a result, the social organization of the United States today is a shamples, characterized by grossly uneven organization, with business and industry increasingly extensively and effectively organized, with labor rising in organization to meet organized business, and with organization behind other interests of the people of democracy lamentably weak and spotty. This, I submit, is a design for democratic impotence. The power of the meagerly organized or unorganized people of democracy tends to become chiefly the power to protect raggedly after the fact, after a fait accompli, like a man futilely running after the ever-receding rear platform of a train. 2. A second important aspect of power in industrial society today is its technological base. Power in earlier eras was founded on land; later it was based on finance, the control of free capital; but today the basis of power is control over technology. What I mean is that the business system of power that controls giant technology controls the core of power in industrial society. Look at the way big industry has moved in on the Government in this war and is coercing the Government to run the war effort as business itself dictates. In England business has similarly moved into Whitehall; there are 61 officers in the Ministry of Supply holding senior posts remunerated at £600 a year or more whose services have been made available by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., alone. 3. The central political fact in the world today is the candid merging of state power with this technologically-based economic power. The day is past, forever, when a nation could afford to view what businessmen do as primarily only the concern of businessmen. In the United States, operating under private capitalism and with some fifteen billion dollars of new wartime productive plant—super-efficient and built for mass production —the structure of our industry has been seriously altered by the war; and foreign trade in greater volume and variety will be an absolute essential for even approximate economic stability. And if we are in this box, I need not elaborate how desperate is Britain's need to crowd the tradeways of the world with her product. What this sort of thing means, in nation after nation, is that business, on the one hand, is less and less willing and able to tolerate checks on its activities by the State; whereas the State, on the other hand, having delivered its welfare, and fundamentally its international power, over into dependence upon the welfare of its business system, needs increasingly the utmost efficiency from its business men. So from here on out, business must be in politics, and the State must be in business. Neither of them can any longer tolerate the frictions and inefficiencies of the kind of legalized guerilla warfare between state apparatus and economic apparatus that has been characteristic of anti-trust actions, NRA, New Deal labor and other social policies, and wartime coercions and recriminations. And the resulting trend is unmistakably toward the monolithic power structure of the totalitarian state. Not, mark you, because certain men are wicked or even necessarily see as yet that they are being forced toward such totalitarianism; but because the logic of giant technology, operating within nationalism and capitalistic rules of the game, no longer allows any other option than centralization and the merging of state and economic power. We people who talk of a better postwar world must face, and face unflinchingly, the fact which liberal democracy has never dared really to face: namely, that industrial capitalism in an era of giant technology is an intensively coercive form of organization of'society that cumulatively constrains men and all of their institutions to work the will of the minority who hold and wield economic power; and that this relentless warping of men's lives and decisions and all of their forms of association becomes less and less the result of voluntary decisions by good and bad men and more and more an impersonal web of coercions dictated by the stark need to keep "the system" going. What this means is that Hitlers are not themselves prime causes, but are a type of role thrust forward by the pressure of events within industrial society, events demanding solutions—political solutions, bold solutions, solutions that brush the plans of idealistic men aside like flies off a table. When these things happen, they are not the work of evil men, but, rather, the grim moves of hard-pressed players in the gigantic international game of poker in which every industry and every nation must play if it is to survive. Modern war, as a mass human experience, does a variety of contrasting things to us: 1. Wartime is a time of enormously enhanced pressure, pressure to get things done—even things that seem impossible of accomplishment under peacetime institutions—and to get them done immediately. And since the game is for keeps and the stakes are survival, there is a tendency to create and foster a temporary and somewhat phony sense of national unity; and a tendency to disregard in the intensity of short-run, wartime preoccupations—the chronic cleavages within American or English society. 2. At the same time war also does a seemingly contradictory thing. By shattering the lock-step preoccupation with habitual institutional ways of doing things, it invites some men to speculate as regards new goals and a better world. Humble men's imaginations in England have been caught and aroused by the vision of Russia as a nation in which people are being allowed to fight this war all-out. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Likewise, some intellectuals turn afresh, under the stimulus of war, to the development of plans for international co-opera- tino. Thus war, instead of merely encouraging the glossing over of social problems, can also jolt and stimulate men of all classes to reach for new goals and to chart novel courses towards them. 3. But let's not deceive ourselves. War does still another thing. Common folk dream their hopes and intellectuals spin their plans, yet still other men are learning other things from this war. Big business controllers of industry are perceiving their terrible jeopardy in the postwar world; and they are getting a dress rehearsal in organized power tactics free from the constraints of serious governmental controls. As big business looks ahead at the probable raw, barefisted battle royal for world trade and economic survival in the postwar world, it is learning the vast profitableness of a business world that largely staffs the Government with its own men. Big business will emerge from this war enormously better organized, more sure of the direction it must go, and more powerful than ever before. That goes for the United States. And it goes for Britain. And business is not spending time spinning pretty humanitarian plans for a League of Nations and an international police force. The sort of plans it is making may be seen in The National Policy for Industry put out by 120 British industrialists in November, 1942. Faith in the power of humanitarian reason to transcend stark interest isn't going to stop such powerhouse tactics. The only remaining option—and a desperate one for democracy in its present poorly organized state—is whether: —organized economic power will take over state power and run the nation primarily for the goals of big business under an American and British version of fascism; —or the democratic state will take over the economy, socialize it, and run it for the welfare of the mass of the people. So there is a war within a war going on inside each nation living under capitalism. It is this "war within the war" that leaves the German people cowering united under our bombs because we have offered them no wholehearted alternative to Vansittartism. We live in one of the climactic eras of history, as crucial as the revolutionary era of 150 years ago. And it is characteristic of such a time that it is a time of extreme ideological confusion. Fascist monopolistic capitalism calls itself national socialism. Russian socialism still hangs in the balance, apparently a largely socialist-aimed economy within a dictatorship by the Communist Party. Whether the Soviet Union will, after this war, renew, with the new confidence in itself and its institutions won in the magnificent people's effort of its Stalingrads, the march toward democracy promised in the New Constitutoin of the mid- 1930's remains to be seen. I profoundly hope so. Here in the United States, again a manifestation of this ideological confusion, organized industry opposes organized labor in the name of democracy. And characteristic of this confusion is the fact that we Americans tend to identify democracy and capitalistic free enterprise as two aspects of the same thing—a disastrously naive belief! For the world issue today, the thing Hitlers stand for, is a counter-revolution against democracy. And, again characteristic of the world-wide ideological confusion, the men who in a country like the United States coerce democracy in the name of free enterprise do so not as cynical Machiavellis, but as men who, for the most part, honestly believe in democracy. I am afraid that we people of democracy are going to come out of this war with our democratic ideals badly soiled, and well on the road to less democracy here at home. I don't believe that, either in England or the United States, the sol diers will return prepared to fight positively for democracy. The mood of soldiers and civilians at war's weary end will be: "Thank God! Now let's get out the old car and begin to live again!" Both among soldiers and civilians this relaxed mood of war's end will present a powerful weapon to the forces of reaction. In England, Winston Churchill's history of World War I shows clearly that, as a Tory, he grasped the political significance of the mood of popular relaxation that followed November 11, 1918. And it is no accident that today he is consistently fighting off social reform during the war, thereby postponing the issue to the time when it will be no unmanageable issue. For, during that period of rejoicing when the public ceases momentarily to care for anything but the fact that the fighting has ceased, Tory power will quietly gather up the reins and commence the drive to hold its power. And that in a country where there is an organized Labor Party and where men can call themselves socialists without lowering their voices! So the signals seem set for an exhausted peace dictated by power. I have suggested that this present moment in time is 11:59 p.m. The cause of democracy is probably due for defeat in this round. But the hands of the clock will move on! What have we learned? I believe this: 1. That, if the internal war within capitalist nations is left un-won by democracy, democracy's cause cannot be saved by creating international laws and Leagues of Nations for international society. 2. So the test of the good faith of our current thinking about a better world is whether it includes plans for immediate and fundamental extension of democracy to our internal economic institutions. 3. Lazy democratic citizenship that comes up for air to vote only once every four years can never curb an economic power that is working all the time. I believe profoundly in the eventual victory of democracy —over the long future. But the road back will be long, and American democracy carries no lucky horseshoe in its pocket. A recent issue of the London Economist says, "Democracy in the twentieth century needs fire in its belly." That kind of fire does not happen. Nor will voting out one President in November and voting in another kindle it. It can come only as the imagination and energies of all the millions of our citizens are enlisted in the direct work of building more democracy—and a lot more. The thing will have to happen which those in power have been afraid to let happen here in the United States during this war: a genuine people's movement, all-out and hell-bent for action. There is no mystery about what men want, except such mystery as those opposed to more decracracy choose to invent. Men want a chance to work at jobs they believe in, and under conditions in which they can share responsibiltiy and exercise initiative, rather than merely laboring as "hands"; security of the sort that enables a man to trust his weight onto life and to grow ahead; more and better education for themselves and their children; better housing; better health; an end to arbitrary class bottlenecks in living; no more phony "social problems" created by nothing more substantial than vested property rights; an end to this shabby business of democracy's fearing to trust the people of democracy; direct movement together toward concrete kinds of mass welfare, and a cessation of the.policy of regarding public welfare as an incidental slopover from profitable private business. To get these things democratic men will have to learn to stand together, everywhere, at the grass-roots where life's meanings are big; and together they will have to thrust against the power that now divides and curbs them—and never stop thrusting. JUNE, 1944 INDUSTRIES... of British Columbia { Each month the Graduate Chronicle will include in its editorial material a descriptive story of the formation and growth of one industry identified with the industrial progress of the Province. *\n Britannia Mining & Smelting Co. Like "Old Faithful," the Britannia Mining & Smelting Company's copper mine has been a spectacular fixture in British Columbia's mining scene for so many years that it is almost taken for granted. Yet its story is comparatively little known, and many facts concerning the property make it even now, after nearly forty years of operation, one of the Pacific Northwest's outstanding base metal producers. The Britannia, located on fiord-like Howe Sound which lent its name to the parent company controlling the mine's affairs, was until comparatively recently rated as one of the biggest copper properties in the British Empire. It is still large, although shortage of manpower has resulted in sharp curtailment during the past year or so. Since Britannia has been contributing metals for the United Nation's war program detailed figures on recent production are not available. Some hint of the magnitude of the company's operations is given in the fact that the property has produced some 720,000,000 pounds of copper from about 3 3,000,000 tons of ore. Low Grade Ore. Apart from its size and record of production the Britannia is notable as probably the only copper mine in the world handling such low grade ore in underground operations. It is still primarly a tunnel mine, with very little hoisting, and the whole flow of production is by gravity. This, of course, has made Britannia an unusually low cost producer, which it has had to be with recent millheads averaging only .8 to 1.1 per cent copper. In spite of its comparatively long life, Britannia probably still has many good years left. Mine officials believe that the property has passed its production peak and that'from now on 4500 tons of ore daily will probably represent about the top. This is considerably higher than the rate attained at present due to difficulty in getting an adequate number of miners, and it is far from the all-time record of more than 6,000 tons a day achieved about five years ago. But the brakes necessarily applied to production now, although deplored by the management, will of course tend to lengthen the future life of the mine, and present developments indicate that there are still some important ore bodies locked away in the rugged section of the Coast Range batholith dominated by Britannia's group of holdings that extend over 25,000 acres. The current development of the company's 4100 haulage level is an indication of the promise that the future may hold for Britannia. This level, which is the lowest from which ore can be fed into the mill on a gravity basis, is extended past the No. 8 mine, cutting three separate ore bodies. The outlook for volume and higher grade in the No. 8 mine is hope- ful, and the company is now proceeding with the sinking of a shaft to open up that section and later to handle ore, men and supplies. The hoist to be installed will be an 8-foot double drum Canadian Ingersoll-Rand unit with 450-h.p. Canadian Westinghouse motor. President of Britannia Mining & Smelting Company is H. H. Sharp of New York. The company is one of the Howe Sound Company group which also comprises the Chelan Mine, a copper-gold-silver property at Holden, Wash., and El Potosi Mining Company silver-lead-zinc operations at Santa Eulalia, Mexico. Directly in charge of the whole operation is C. P. Browning, who joined Britannia as a young mining engineer in 1913, fresh from the Columbia School of Mines and a brief term of practical experience with the Miami Copper Co. in Arizona and the Tennessee Copper Co. in Tennessee. Mr. Browning- has been on the job since the company's infancy and he has seen and participated in most of its expansion. Mine superintendent is G. C. Lipsey, with Britannia for 19 years, and A. C. Munro, another Britannia pioneer whose association with the company dates back to 1922, is mill superintendent. C. P. Charlton is secretary-treasurer and purchasing agent; E. C. Gillingham, chief accountant; Wm. Hatch, metallurgist; Paul Everett, assistant mine superintendent; E. C .Roper, chief mine engineer; W. A. Matheson in charge of stores; George H. Mead, master mechanic; J. B. Hamilton, mine electrical supervisor; C. H, Watson, electrical supervisor at the Beach operations. Discovered in 1888. The history of the mine, 30 miles north of Vancouver by boat, goes back to 1888 when Dr. A. A. Forbes made the discovery. The story goes that the doctor shot a buck and in dragging it down the hillside its horns scraped the moss from a rock, exposing a green stain. Upon closer investigation Dr. Forbes noticed float nearby and he was so impressed with what he saw what he returned two or three summers in an attempt to prove it up. Nothing came of this, however, and not until ten years later did a trapper named Oliver Furry, tipped off by Dr. Forbes and backed by a Vancouver merchant, go to the trouble of staking five claims. F. Turner of Vancouver and Boscowitz & Sons, Victoria fur traders, became interested, located other claims and established a camp. When an adit driven for 150 feet failed to locate ore the project was discontinued, and not until 1900, when Joseph Adams and H. C. Walters inspected the prospect, was the Britannia Copper Syndicate, forerunner of today's organization, formed. The syndicate purchased a seven-tenths interest from Turner and Boscowitz and three years later took over the remaining interest. Development. It was about this time that Grant B. Schley, the New York banker, became interested and backed the enterprise with his 10 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE personal fortune. He financed the building of a 200-ton concentrator and an aerial tramway. The concentrates were shipped to Crofton on Vancouver Island for smelting and in 1905 the newly organized Britannia Smelting Company, controlled by Howe Sound Company, acquired the smelter. The Britannia syndicate and Britannia Smelting Co. were merged in 1908 and the name was changed to Britannia Mining & Smelting Company, 'which has prevailed ever since. The smelter was closed down in 1913, and since then most of the concentrates have been shipped to the Tacoma smelter of the American Smelting & Refining Company. Most of the ore bodies are lenticular in shape and lie in a major shear zone that follows the general strike of the formation. The principal copper mineral is chalcopyrite, which is accompanied by pyrite. The mines are about three miles from the concentrator which was built on the steep slope of a hill that drops down to the Beach on which the company's stores, office buildings and community have been established. Exploration is done by drifts, crosscuts and raises, the different shafts serving as centres for such work. Drilling equipment is selected according to the specific conditions encountered. Machines now in use are furnished by the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Canadian Ingersoll-Rand, Hoyman, Gardner-Denver, and the Sullivan Machinery Co. Most of the drifting and stoping is done with 3 Yz -inch machines. The Britannia property is a consolidation of several mines —including the Jane, No. 8, West Bluff, East Bluff, Fairview, Empress and Victoria. West Bluff is at present the big producer. The Fairview has accounted for most of the com- • pany's past production, but it has seen its best days. The Victoria has been comparatively rich, but it does not rank with the others in size. Mining. The 4100 haulage tunnel commences at the Victoria shaft which, as the accompanying diagram shows, is the most distant from the mill. Ore is drawn through raises to a crusher installed on the 3900 level and the ore therefrom is trammed by 20-car trains, each car having a 19-ton capacity. Several types of raises are used in the mine. All raises over 57° are timbered and contain a chute lined with 4-inch planks, and a manway. These are separated by a row of stulls on 5 to 7 foot centres. A strong bulkhead covers the man- way. Just below the bulkhead a chute plan is left out to facilitate entrance to the face and allow smoke to escape after blasting, which is generally done at the end of the shift. In general, the raise is advanced 20 feet above the bulkhead before the stulls, chute, and bulkhead are raised, and staging rests on round sprags from 4 to 6 inches in diameter. Raises under 57° generally are un timbered. Usually, they are driven from a bulldoze chamber at 50 to 57°, with the broken rock flowing back to the chamber. Bulkheads covering half the raise are placed each 50-foot advance. The ladders used in this work are made from 3 by 4-inch fir with 1-inch pipe rungs over %-inch rods. In the raise they are held in place by U- shaped brackets made from old steel. The different mining methods employed in the mines are determined by the character of each individual block of ore to be mined. These include surface glory holes, shrinkage stoping, shrinkage with powder drifts for primary breaking, horizontal cut-and-fill, horizontal square-setting, open rills, and the Britannia method of mining, a large-scale retreating shrinkage system frequently combined with powder drifts for primary breaking. The Britannia mining method was developed to meet the necessity for low costs and increased safety. After some experimental work a section of the West Bluff mine was laid out for stoping by this method, and in the early part of 1931, when it was decided to mine the very hard East Bluff orebody, the method was modified to fit this work. Britannia Stoping. The general scheme of operation is: 1. Establishment and development of a bulldoze-chamber level or an alternative level for chute drawing. 2. Complete undercutting of a section of the orebody. The orebody is usually cut from foot to hanging wall but may be laid out in various ways, depending upon its size and shape. 3. Development of block for use of powder blasts. 4. Control of ore drawing. In undercutting, the practice is similar to that employed in the big shrinkage stopes. In the East Bluff large areas can be excavated safely with but few pillars, in the West Bluff more frequent support is necessary. However, unless the ground is very soft there is practically no limit to the size of the block that may be undercut if adequate pillar support is provided. The only limitation is that individual pillars must not be so large that they cannot be conveniently drilled and blasted out in one operation. The method is thus adapted to a wide range of ground conditions. Undercuts have been made up to 200 feet in width. For the development of the block one or more service raises are necessary according to the size of the block to be mined, but within fairly wide limits the positions of these raises do not affect subsequent mining and may be selected more by convenience of service. The number and location of such raises are governed by the sublevel development that follows and are considered an individual problem for each stope. The Britannia method has the following advantages: 1. Flexibility and control. Not only can the system be freely modified to suit conditions in the original planning of the stope, but it can also be readily adapted to meet changing conditions encountered as mining progresses. 2. No permanent pillars are left to be recovered by auxiliary methods. 3. In carrying on the mining work there is a constant retreat from the worked-out areas into virgin ground. 4. Safety. As all working excavations following undercutting are of minimum size, the risk of injury from falls of ground is greatly reduced. Gloryhole mining was first practised in the Bluff orebody where the deposit itself was large enough to warrant its use. Later large gloryholes were opened up in the upper Fairview section, where the closely spaced, parallel veins with some mineralization between them made large-scale breaking preferable to expensive selective mining. In both mines glory holing was originally carried out by a system of benches. Drilling was done by pluggers or tripod machines. Milling. Until the present critical manpower shortage developed, the Britannia concentrator was handling five or six thousand tons of ore a day, assaying less than 1 per cent copper. A departure from the usual process is the removal of primary slimes by washing and subsequent flotation in a separate machine, which is designed to effect the following: 1. Removal of sticky mud from the ore, thus simplifying the mechanical problem of getting tonnage through the crushing plant equipment; and 2. The elimination of a large part of the slime from the flotation machines in the main circuit materially increasing JUNE, 1944 11 over-all performance. Another feature is the floating of a bulk concentrate of pyrite and copper, and the subsequent separation of the two sulphides after dewatering and regrind- ing of the coarser particles. Britannia ore consists of a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a relatively hard schist or quartz gangue. Zinc blende, gold and silver also occur in small amounts. The minerals can be released from one another and from the gangue by moderately fine grinding, but the ore is remarkably hard, as indicated by high steel consumption for roll crushing and fine grinding. The mine-run ore is crushed to 6 inches before being transported to the mill through a system of underground raises and haulage ways. Further reduction is effected by three 5 l/z- foot Symons Cone crushers set to %-inch and thence to 72 inches and 54 inches Traylor Rolls. The rolls are in closed circuit with ten Hum-mer dry screens delivering a 5/32- inch undersize product. An unusual feature of the crushing operation consists of washing and wet scheening of the ore after it is drawn from the receiving bins to remove primary slimes, which otherwise would build up on the rolls and blind the Hum-mer screens. The physical condition of the ore is such that efficient crushing would be quite impossible without this washing operation. The undersize product of the wet screens is further classified into a sand and slime, the latter product containing large amounts of soluble salts, which are very detrimental to flotation. The primary slimes and their contained soluble salts are thus segregated from the major portion of the ore and given special and intensive flotation treatment. Final reduction of the 5/32-inch product of the crushing plant is accomplished in Traylor ball mills, using as grinding media 2-1/16-inch diameter eutetic cast steel balls, manufactured at Britannia Beach. These balls are quick-quenched for high hardness. The ball mills are lined with 6-inch sections of the quenched runner gates obtained in the casting of the grinding balls. This type of lining is set on end to the mill-shell in a 50-50 sand-cement slurry and gives two to three years useful life. Two-stage Flotation. Two flotation concentrates are produced, one containing the copper mineral and the other pyrite, the latter being sold, whenever markets are available, to acid manufacturers for its sulphur content. Concentration is effected in two stages, in the first of which a bulk concentrate, containing both the chalcopyrite and pyrite, is floated. This bulk concentrate, after thickening in Dorr tanks and regrinding in Allis- Chalmers ball mills, is then subjected to differential flotation, from which operation is recovered, first, a high grade copper concentrate and, second, a middling which is retreated, and finally a pyrite concentrate low in copper. Several advantages may be claimed for this practice. The most important is due to the fact that much finer grinding is necessary to free the copper and iron minerals from one another than to liberate either from the gangue. Bulk flotation followed by regrinding, therefore, allows a relatively coarse initial grind—50 per cent minus 200 mesh—without impairing final recovery. The use of larger amounts of powerful reagents in the roughing circuit is also permissable, since differential conditions do not have to be maintained. The small amount of gold in Britannia ore is practically all in the free state. Most of this free gold concentrates with the copper, but a small percentage is retarded. In order to guard against losses from this source, the tailings from the roughing and secondary circuits are passed over blankets, which are washed in place. Roughing of the primary slimes and of the ground feed is carried on in 8-foot deep air cells, the slimes in a cell 55 feet long and the ground feed in a 100-foot cell in series with a 40-foot cell, the latter Deep-cell serving as a scavenger machine. A Deep air cell is used as a recleaner. Concentrates are settled in Dorr thickeners and American disc fitters are used to dewater the final concentrates for marketing. Hydrated Lime is added at the primary mills in sufficient quantity to maintain a trace of free alkalinity in the rougher tailings. This slight alkalinity benefits recovery without depressing the pyrite. Potassium Ethyl Xanthate and Pine Oil are applied at the heads and centres of the roughers. Cyanide is fed at the head of concentrate regrinding to depress the pyrite while the copper is being floated in the secondary circuit. Very small amounts of Pine Oil and Butyl Xanthate are required for this operation, after which a relatively large quantity of Ethyl Xanthate is added to reactivate the pyrite. Filtered copper and pyrite concentrates are transported by belt conveyors to covered storage bins of 6,000 and 4,000-ton capacity, from which clamshell buckets operated from overhead cranes load them onto a conveyor discharging directly in the hold of the steamer. Sampling is done automatically- wherever possible. Community Life. From the standpoint of the miner Britannia is a model community. There is a regular boat service daily to and from Vancouver, and the wharf is within a few hundred yards of the office buildings, stores, laboratories, dormitories, mess and recreation halls. For more than 20 years the Britannia stores have been operated on a co-operative basis, employees participating in a total of $513,000 in rebates since the system was inaugurated. Apart from safety measures which are constantly being improved and extended, employees are the beneficiaries of non- contributory life insurance to a total of $1500 each. House rentals to employees amount to only one dollar per room per month. There are schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries and other facilities to contribute to the contentment and convenience of Britannia people, and those who have lived there a considerable time often wonder why anyone should be attracted to jobs nearer the big cities. After nearly forty years of harmonious labor relations at Britannia without unionization the company early in September signed a working agreement with Local 663 of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers' Union, Affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations. For over a year Britannia has been operating under a contract arranged with the Wartime Metals Corporation, a company wholly owned by the Canadian Government, under the terms of which all the copper produced is used in the United Nations' war effort by sale to the Metals Reserve Company, a U. S. government organization. —Reprinted by Kind Permission of "The Mining World" "cJfdp. BudU BidiA CoLmka.". 12 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE C/"er5ona/- .NEWS and NOTES- The Western branch of the Carter-Halls-Aldinger Company has been reorganized as the Commonwealth Construction Company Ltd. Headquarters of the firm will be Winnipeg and Mr. RALPH C. PYBUS has been appointed Western Manager in Vancouver. Congratulations to Major J. B. HEDLEY, R.C.E.M.E., on his promotion. Also to Group Captain J. ALLAN JONES, who has been appointed Director of Construction Engineering and Maintenance of the Division of Construction Engineering, R.C.A.F. This Division replaces the old Directorate of Works and Buildings. The first person to make an .automobile trip over the new Skeena River Highway from Smithers to Terrace was Mr. S. A. CUNLIFFE, Assistant District Engineer for the Department of Public Works. Major-General J. P. MACKENZIE, D.S.O., Inspector- General for Western Canada, is retiring from army service. Members of the 1944 engineering graduating class going on active service: HUGH ABBOTT, B. W. ANDERSON, O. W. BENNETT, C. A. CARNCROSS, R. G. CHESTNUT, R. S. CROSBY, R. A. DAVIDSON, N. J. FILMAN, J. B. GUSH, P. S. JAGGER, D. A. LIVINGSTON, J. A. PORTER and J. M. WALLACE. Mr. J. A. WALKER has returned to the City from Ottawa and is resuming his work as Town Planning Engineer. Mr. N. E. NELSON, Consulting Engineer for the Granby Company for many years, has joined the satff of the Wright Hargreaves Mine at Kirkland Lake, Ontario. The Chief Mine Engineer for the same company, Mr. C. H. BREHAUT, is now with the Beattie Gold Mines at Duparquet, Quebec. The Assistant General Manager, Mr. W. R. LINDSAY, is now in Toronto. Recently transferred to the Vancouver office of the C. M. & S. Company, is Mr. H. S. FOWLER, previously at Trail. Mr. C. L. BATES, Chief Engineer for the Pacific Great Eastern Railway, is retiring after seventeen years with the Company. Faculty promotions at the University include Major A. H. FINLAY, now Professor of Civil Enginereing, and Mr. D. W. THOMSON, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. ' Lieut. J. E. STOREY, 1941 graduate in Mechanical Engineering, is among those listed as missing in the recent sinking of the H.M.C.S. Valley field. Deepest sympathy is extended to Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Street in the loss of their son, Louis, who died recently of wounds received while serving with the Central Mediterranean Forces. Wing Commander "Don" Macdonald, D.F.C, known as the "ghost raider," has recently left command of the Intruder Squadron and has been assigned to what is termed a "more important task." "She was beautiful, too," adds. Lt. Graham Darling, B.A. '40, to his description of the Tirpitz bombing in which he participated. Graham joined the R.C.N, immediately on graduation, and served two years overseas with the Royal Navy before taking a flying course in Canada. He is now with the Fleet Air Arm. Our sincere sympathy also to Mr. J. T. Coutts, whose wife passed away on June 2nd. Lenora Millerd, graduate of U.B.C. and Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital, was "the recent bride of Major H. C. Slade, R.C.A.M.C., of Newfoundland. Katherne ("Kay") Brooke Hewitt was married last month to Lt. Alfred Smith of the Royal Navy. Kay took her B.A. in 1940 and her M.A. in 1941 from U.B.C. Margaret Ecker, former Ubyssey pubster and the Canadian Press' only woman staff representative overseas, was awarded the Canadian Women's Press Club Memorial Award for the "best personality biographical sketch" published in 1941. Margaret is married to Fl. Lt. Bob Francis and is at present living in London, England. Our Congrats to a top-drawer newswoman. Recently home in Vancouver on short leave - from the Medical Corps was Dr. F. Wells Brason who just graduated from the University of Toronto Medical School. Dr. Brason took his parchment from U.B.C. in 1940. Phylis Wayles, B.A. '40, was married to Mr. Oliver Mel- vin Julson early this month. Off to Washington, D.C., to take up posts with British Supply Mission are Graduates Elizabeth (Bobby) Boultbee and Joan Villiers. To Lt. and Mrs. Rodney Poisson, April 27, 1944, a daughter, Renee. Rod was B.A. '35 and an instructor in English at U.B.C. from 1940 to 1942, when he joined the Canadian Navy. Mrs. Poisson was Helen Ferguson, B.A. '3 3. Chang-Lu Quo, graduate of National Wu-han University, and a M.A. from British Columbia, is returning to Chungking for a post with the Chinese Foreign Office. Mr. Quo came to Vancouver via Hongkong in 1941. Vic Freeman, B.A. '40 and a debater of some prominence, is back in Vancouver on a short holiday from his medical studies at Toronto Medical School. Also back in the city are Peter Bell-Irving and W. K. Lindsay. In town recently was Fl. Lt. W. C. (Bill) Gibson, now with the No. 1 Clinical Investigation Unit, R.C.A.F., Toronto. Bill arrived at the coast after lecturing at the University of Alberta on the physiology of high altitude flying. He has travelled extensively through the U. S., England, Spain and Russia, and wherever he has gone he has been one of the university's greatest boosters. He's promised to do some articles for future editions of the Chronicle. Peter Fowler, B.Ap.Sc. '3 3, has returned to Vancouver after a long session at Trail with the Consolidated. Pete will be in charge of explorations in the coast district for his company. Oscar Orr, Jr., is now in the Persian Gulf area with a large oil company. Flight-Lieutenant Campbell Kenmuir was in Vancouver on leave recently and is now stationed at Pat Bay. JUNE, 1944 13 KILLED ON ACTIVE SERVICE % P/O JACK SCRIVENER—Scout Master of Kerrisdale troop. Joined R.C.A.F. in March, 1942. MISSING AFTER AIR OPERATIONS SGT. OBSERVER ALASTAIR J. YOUNG, R.C.A.F.—Enlisted in January, 1942. W/C C. A. WILLIS, R.C.A.F.—WeU-known for attacking enemy shipping in the face of heavy anti-aircraft opposition. F/L J. H. "JIMMY" WHALEN, R.C.A.F.—Shot down three Japanese dive-bombers in 45 minutes over Burma during 1943, following a bag of three Nazi planes in the European theatre—the first wing commander of the Vancouver Air Cadets, of which he was an original member—also the first member of the league to graduate under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan after joining the R.C.A.F. SGT. GORDON PREECE, R.C.A.F.—Listed missing after his seventh operational flight over enemy territory on March 31—went overseas in October, 1943. F/L CHARLES MADDIN, R.C.A.F.—Missing after air operations on April 24—enlisted in 1942. MISSING ON THE FRIGATE "VALLEYFIELD" LT. E. JOHN EDMUND STOREY, B.A.Sc. '41. INJURED ON ACTIVE SERVICE P/O CAMERON WESLEY McKENZIE, R.C.A.F.—Spine injury received at Macleod, Alta. F/O CHARLES CLEVELAND CUNNINGHAM—Now serving on active service on the Atlantic Patrol. GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR FLT. SERGT. EWART ALBERT SIM HETHERINGTON, R.C.A.F.—B.A. 1936. SGT. M. G. McGEER, R.C.A.F. Sent letters in thanks for parcels received in prison camps— LIEUT. GEORGE KANE, British Army. F/L RALPH A. HENDERSON, R.C.A.F. GENERAL NEWS OF SERVICEMEN AND WOMEN P/O DAVID DALE, R.C.A.F. overseas—Well-known in golfing circles. SUB-LT. RONALD SINCLAIR NAIRNE, R.C.N.V.R.— Recently graduated from H.M.C.S. King's College. F/L MURRAY K. PICKARD, R.C.A.F.—Promoted recently from F/O—spent 16 months service in Coastal Command, West Africa. F/O HAROLD M. McDONALD, R.C.A.F.—Awarded the D.F.C. W/C D. C. S. MacDONALD, D.F.C—"Ghost raider" of Vancouver—has left the command of the Intruder Squadron to assume a more "important task." LT. EARL CUSHING, Canadian Forestry Corps, Died, Hospital Ship "Lady Nelson," April, 1944. F/O W. W. COLLEDGE, R.C.A.F.—Killed in action overseas—received the award of D.F.C.—accepted by his mother, Mrs. W. W. Colledge—awarded due to F/O Col- ledge's bravery in an action in which he was attacked by four enemy aircraft. Shot down one and damaged two others. F O W. A. T. WHITE, R.C.A.F.—Recently promoted to F/O from P/O—is at present serving with the Coastal Command at a northern Scotland base. CPL. JOHN B. CORNISH, R.C.A.M.C—Returned home after two and a half years overseas—lost an eye in a bomb explosion in 1942—has been serving with the Basingstoke Neurological and Plastic Surgery Hospital in England— was Edtior-in-Chief of the Ubyssey while at U.B.C. LAC BILL MUNRO, R.C.A.F.—Overseas in January, 1944. P/O ANDREW M. "MONTY" FOTHERINGHAM, R.C. A.F.—Navigator in England. P O STANLEY H. JENKINS, R.C.A.F.—Stationed at Sum- merside, P.E.I.—U.B.C. grad. P O ALBERT M. BUCKLEY, R.C.A.F.—Serving overseas. Navy Graduates from King's College— P/O ROBERT G. McMYNN, R.C.A.F. Air Navigator Graduates— WILSON DUFF. R. M. VOSBURGH. F/O ROBERT GORDON CROSBY—Reported missing, now safe in England—B.A.Sc. 1940. BARBARA DIETHER—Training with the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service at Gait, Ont.—Kappa Kappa Gamma Sorority. PROB. SUB. LT. MARGARET W. CREELMAN—In the Wrens doing naval library work—B.A. 1931. PROB. SUB LT. MARION M. DIGNAN—Wrens—naval writer in Halifax and Ottawa—made naval history by being the first woman to accompany trial parties on inspection runs aboard new ships for the navy.—B.A. 1936. 14 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE 3ln emunam MM., (&.M., EJG.3.. 3UUC*. ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE FUNERAL SERVICE CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL MAY 27th, 1944 BY L. S. KLINCK The Chronicle publishes herewith Dr. L. S. Klinck's address at the funeral service ior the late Chancellor of the University, held Hay 27, 1944, in Christ Church Cathedral. To the many graduates unable to be present at this service, this address will express their admiration for Dr. McKechnie and their sorrow at his passing. —Editor. This afternoon, long-established tradition has been departed from in that a layman has been requested to speak from this lectern at a memorial service. The explanation for this departure from accepted custom lies in the character and work of the man whose passing we mourn today. In our common sorrow, in our sympathy with the bereaved family, and in our common loss, my remarks will be simple, brief and direct. Your presence here in almost unprecedented numbers is, in itself, the highest tribute which could be paid to the esteem and affection in which Dr. McKechnie was held. As one who was privileged to know him long and intimately, it is not possible for me to express, with any degree of adequacy, the deep sense of my personal loss. My remarks, therefore, will be not so much in the nature of a personal tribute as to attempt to express the conviction of the thousands of citizens who knew Dr. McKechnie as a physician and surgeon, as Chancellor of the University of British Columbia, as a man, and as a friend. It has been said that no two observers see the same rainbow, nor do any two critics see precisely the same excellencies in canvas or marble. Nor do'men, in the same degree, see the virtues and abilities of a great and good man. But what, by common consent, did Dr. McKechnie's fellow citizens see in his life and in his work? They saw a strength of personality, a nobility of character, a professional proficiency, an altruistic public spirit. They saw a man whose interests and sympathies were as spontaneous as they were catholic; a man gentle in disposition, quiet and unassuming in manner, constant in friendship, wise in counsel, and tireless in his devotion to duty; a man who gave cheerfully and unsparingly of his scanty leisure time to worthy community causes; one whose friendly smile and kindly eyes revealed his sympathy with all that is good in life; a man who won their confidence, commanded their respect, and retained their undying affection. They saw a man of more than purely intellectual culture in whose person were happily blended a strong will, a sensitive conscience, and a highly developed moral sense In him the ideal of unselfish service was exalted. Anything that was less inclusive than humanity itself was not sufficiently inclusive for him; anything less comprehensive in its outreach, anything less restricted in its perspective, made only a secondary appeal to his generous nature. The quality of his life was such as to make him at home in the best traditions of the race. The leadership he gave had a distinctive quality and carried something of the impress of the win- someness of his own personality. During his long life, many signal, unsought honors came to him, all of which were borne with characteristic modesty. These honors bear testimony to the esteem in which he was held by those whose opinion he valued most highly—namely, the foremost scientific men in his profession. Though his voice is stilled, what this gifted and beloved man said, and did, and was, will live long in the minds and hearts of his fellow-citizens, be they rich or poor, high or low. In his life there was the quality of immortality—a spiritual insight which inspired confidence and infused new courage and resolution into the hearts of men. May we here assembled be imbued with something of a like perspective; be supported by something of a like poise; be imbued with something of a like spirit, and inspired by something of a like faith! The Placer mining Industry in British Columbia Before endeavouring to show the part mining has played in the development of British Columbia, the present position of that industry, and some of the problems and prospects which it faces today, it might be well to establish a few points of reference by recalling that in 1843 the Hudson's Bay Company's fort was established on the site of Victoria, that after a period of government by the Company as separate colonies, the Vancouver Island and Mainland colonies were united under one government, and a few years later in 1871 entered confederation as the Province of British Columbia. Overland communication with the rest of Canada was provided when service over the Canadian Pacific Railway began in 1886. Railways were being built in the southern part of the Province in the 90's, the line through Crows Nest Pass was completed in 1898, but it was not until 1912 that communication with the southern interior became possible entirely over British Columbia railways. The first of our mineral resources to be utilized on an important scale was coal. In 183 5 an Indian is said to have reported existence of coal on northern Vancouver Island to the blacksmith at a trading post on Millbanke sound, up the coast from the northern end of the Island. Outcrop coal from deposits exposed on the beach was obtained from the Indians for several years and was used in Hudson's Bay Company steamers and in naval vessels. In 1849 the Hudson's Bay Company established Fort Rupert on the Island, southerly from where Port Hardy is now situated, and attempts were made to mine the coal, but the unsatisfactory quality of the coal, and difficulties in mining it, caused the operation to be abandoned. The difficulties included opposition from the Indians, who resented the whites taking from them the source of revenue which they had enjoyed for several years. Discovery of the Nanaimo field also followed a report made by an Indian. In 1850 a party, sent by Governor Douglas to investigate the report, discovered one coal seam and other seams were soon found. In 1851 a pit was started, coal was shipped to Victoria in 1852, and in 1853 to San Francisco where it is said to have sold for $28.00 per ton. The development of the interior coal fields depended on the building of railways. The Crows-Nest Pass field, now our greatest producer, began production about 1896, while the railway was being built. Coal mining now employs about 2,500 men and produces approximately 2,000,000 tons of coal per year with average value of close to $8,000,000. Indians also contributed to the first gold discoveries. Lode- gold in a narrow vein on Moresby Island fo the Queen Charlotte group, was reported in 1851; attempts to mine it were not commercially successful. Discovery of placer gold in the Thompson River and in bars on the Fraser River near Yale encouraged miners to search farther in the interior. By 1861 discoveries had been made at Quesnel Forks, Keithley Creek, Antler Creek, Williams Creek and Lightning Creek; and in the southern interior at Rock Creek and Fort Steele and north of Revelstoke on the Columbia River. Political developments were forced by the rapid growth of mining. The great influx of gold seekers transformed By Hon. E. C. CARSON Minister of Mines, British Columbia Victoria from a quiet trading post into a roaring boom town. Governor Douglas, who in 1853 had proclaimed regulations governing digging or mining gold on the Queen Charlotte Islands, undertook to collect licence fees from the miners on the mainland and to maintain law and order. His firm handling of the situation probably kept the colony under British control. Fascinating tales have been written of life in the very raw country—of the stupendous efforts such as the building of the Cariboo Road to serve the placer mining camps of the Cariboo, of enterprising people who drove beef cattle up the Okanagan Valley and into the heart of the Cariboo country, and of course of the unfortunate attempts to use camels on the Cariboo Road. Placer mining in British Columbia has yielded gold worth about $92,000,000. The production of the first 25 years, 1858 to 1883, had an estimated value of more than $54,000,- 000. By the end of fhat period the annual output had declined greatly, and from that time until 1936 the annual value of placer gold rarely reached $1,000,000. The lowest year was 1929 with production valued at less than $120,000. The output increased to more than $1,000,000 in 1936 and even under wartime conditions the output had not again fallen below $1,000,000 at the end of 1942. Prospectors interested in lode-deposits had made some discoveries while placer mining was still the principal interest. The decline of placer mining and the construction of railways in the southern part of the Province tended to increase prospecting for lode deposits. The 15 years following the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1886 saw the discovery of most of the important lode mining camps in southern British Columbia: Slocan-Ainsworth, Nelson, Kimberley, Moyie, Rossland, Boundary, Field and Texada Island. With the development of these camps, British Columbia became an important lode-mining Province, producing gold, silver, copper and lead. By 1900 the annual value of lode- mine production had reached $10,000,000, and coal production was valued at more than $4,000,000. Mining has continued to expand in volume and in value of material produced, and has also become the basis for a great chemical industry at Trail. We now produce a long list of refined metals or high- grade concentrates, for export. We also produce, largely for home consumption, coal and building materials, including cement and clay products, in substantial quantity. 16 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE For the 10 years ending in 1941 the average annual value of production exceeded $56,000,000, divided between Metals (refined or in concentrates) nearly $48,000,000 Fuel (refined or in concentrates) nearly 7,000,000 Non-metallics more than 800,000 Clay and clay products 300,000 Other structural materials nearly 1,500,000 Gold valued at more than $16,000,000 constituted more than a third of the metal and considerably more than quarter the value of all mineral products. This 10-year period includes the worst years of the depression, including 1932, when the total value of production was approximately half of the average annual value for the 10-year period. The increase in gold production to an average of nearly $23,000,000 per year for the four years 193 8 to 1941 inclusive, was an extremely important factor in the total production. A measure of the importance of the industry is the number employed in it. The average for the 10-year period, computed as full-time employment, was 14,260 according to our figures. The figures for the average number of employees in all industries in 1941 is 97,300. For that year the total number employed in the three main branches of the mining industry was 12,350, or rather more than one-eighth of the total for all industries. A Dominion Bureau of Statistics figure for 1942 places the average earnings of workers in the mining industry at 1% above the average for all industries. When fewer people were employed in highly paid war industries the average earnings in the mining industry were considerably higher than the average for all industries. In the war years the mining industry produced gold in substantial volume, while gold was desired for foreign exchange. It has produced refined lead and zinc in large volume, at prices from a third to a half of United States prices, and copper at the United States export price. The production of these base metals reached maximum figures in 1941 and 1942. The Province has produced important quantities of tungsten concentrates and of refined mercury which were urgently required for war purposes. British Columbia is the only important source of mercury within the Empire. Tungsten and mercury are now coming fom other sources and British Columbia production has been stopped or drastically reduced. Tin, still in short supply, and several other metals are being produced as by-products of base metal mining and refining. Gold-miners were urged to increase or at least maintain their production in the earlier years of the war when foreign exchange was needed. The peak value of gold production was reached in 1940. Since 1941 production has fallen off and for 1943 the amount of gold produced was less than 40 per cent of the quantity produced in 1940. Coal production has been set at a higher rate than for the pre-war years but 1943 production was materially below that for 1942. Lead and zinc production have declined in the last two years and the production of copper has fallen off greatly. The reductions in output have been caused by war conditions, principally labour shortage, which under National ^*tfcs--" regulations affects gold mines most seriously. Mines in general have been unable to keep up their development programs, that is, they have been unable to devote enough effort to searching for ore and to opening up ore-bodies which have been discovered. To varying degrees production has been at the expense of developed ore reserves. This situation holds serious difficulties for the present and future; unless ore continues to be discovered, reserves shrink rapidly; and frequently the effort to maintain production results in difficulties in mining. The gold mines have met the difficulties of declining reserves or inability to maintain production at a profitable level by reducing the rate of production, alternating between production and development, or shutting down completely. The base metal mines, because of the urgent need of metal for war purposes, have tried to maintain production at high rates. If at the end of the war our ore reserves are seriously depleted and at that time we face low metal ptices, the situation will be grave for the mining industry and this situation will certainly be reflected by the Provincial economy in general. It will be essential for the good of the Province that new ore be made available. This can only be done by finding new ore-bodies in established mining areas, and by finding new areas which contain commercial ore-bodies. To a degree provision of transportation in under-developed parts of the Province may contribute to the latter. To date our ore depostis have been discovered very largely by prospectors whose hope of gain has depended on finding mineral deposits which they could sell. Some of them have been assisted by individuals or groups contributing toward or meeting the expenses. For some years the number of men actively prospecting has been inadequate, accordingly in 1943 the Provincial Government began to provide grub-stakes for prospectors. It is hoped that experienced prospectors will be encouraged to continue prospecting, that others will be attracted to prospecting, and that training and experience under this program will benefit both the new recruits and the old- timers. Geological maps and reports are of great assistance in searching for ore, and in planning prospecting programs. The Dominion Geological Survey, and the Provincial Department of Mines in a real mapping and examination of minerals occurrences have made contributions of great value. However, to meet present and post-war needs this type of work will have to be increased. So far the mining industry has been based principally on the production of the metals—gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, fuel—and structural materials. Mercury and possibly tungsten, which have been produced during the war years, may also make a contribution to our future mineral output. Utili zation of our iron ore deposits, long a topic of interest, is to the fore again with prospects that production of pig iron and of steel may be undertaken on a modest scale. With increas ing industrialization and with some demand for export, it is probable that production of industrial minerals may becomt increasingly important. JUNE, 1944 17 czditoxial ^ i/i LEVJi iT <r*~ THE UNIVERSITY AND STUDENT RESIDENCES At the present time the University of British Columbia is lacking in one of the most essential elements in the life of a university—namely, organized student residences. No completely rounded university education can be obtained at an institution that ceases to have contact with the student body in late afternoon and does not resume that contact until he following morning. By no means all of the value of a university is to be found in the classrooms. Contact with one's fellow students and one's instructors are all essential in the development of the undergraduate. Indeed it is a moot point whether or not far more is learned outside the classroom than in it at an average university. Quite apart from the advantages mentioned above, the economic aspects of student residences are themselves sufficient reason to make such a housing scheme a "must" on the campus. Our university is provincial in scope and of necessity hundreds of students must annually come to Vancouver and spend long periods there. Those students must have room and board, and today they are faced with the well-nigh impossible task of finding that accommodation ijn private homes in Vancouver. This hit-and-miss method is as unsatisfactory as it could possibly be. No standardization of either quality or costs of accommodation exists. The student is entirely on his own here and he takes his chance as to whether he will be fortunate or unfortunate in his search for a winter home. The solution lies in the establishment of university-operated residences on the campus. Such are in the proposed plans of the University but to date little has apparently been done about the matter. Elsewhere in this issue will be found an account of the growth of the student co-operative boarding houses at the university. These houses are proven successes and they point the way to the establishment of general residences on the campus. The Alumni Association has adopted as one of its main current objectives the obtaining of student residences. But residences will never be obtained unless the people of the province demand them. Now is the time for Alumni in every part of the province to contact their local members of the legislature and to make absolutely certain these elected representatives fully understand the problem. It is clear that pressure must arise from outside the university if the legislature and the university government itself are to 'be forced into action. There is much talk these days of post-war housing projects. Why should we not have a university housing project at the earliest possible moment?' If we are to have such an undertaking, the time to prepare for it is now. THE CHRONICLE IS YOURS This magazine is devoted to the interests of university graduates in the province and, through them, to the interests of the province as a whole. No such magazine can be successful without the full support of those for whom it is intended. The Chronicle welcomes contributions from its readers. If you have something to say, why not write us an article or at least a letter. Just send the material along to our office in the Brock Building at the University. In these days of wartime restrictions, a wide subscription list is needed to ensure continuity of publication. If you know any alumnus who is not subscribing to this magazine, why not suggest that he or she send along the two dollar subscription right away. u THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE THE ENGINEER'S VIEWPOINT . . . what of the future? Slowly and surely, whether we like it or not, the society in which we live is crystallizing into two groups. Call them what you will, capital and labor, employer and employee, exploiters and exploited, nothing can be gained by a refusal to recognize this trend. The engineers can become a useful and very desirable buffer group between these two. The danger lies in emotional thinking, and the. engineer is by his training taught to attack his problems scientifically and without emot on. The real engineer is primarily interested in doing a good job, and the profit motive has in the majority of cases a secondary place. The major opposing groups are quite naturally activated, under our system of economy, by self-interest. (We usually add the adjective "enlightened"—it sounds better.) For many years, confidence in the scientific reasoning of the engineer has been growing, and it is now an established custom for him to be the sole arbitrator in engineering contracts, although he is in the pay of one of the interested parties. His "certificate" of the value and quantity of the work done is usually the primary condition of payment, and any attempt at pressure by either of the interested parties is liable to lead to serious consequences. Is it too. much to hope that before long those in authority will recgnize the immense possibilities of the application of scientific thinking to our social problems? pr fe_ / AM AN ENGINEER. In my profession I take deep pride, but without vainglory; to it I owe solemn obligations that I am eager to fulfill. As an Engineer, I will participate in none but honest enterprise. To him that has engaged my services, as employer or client, I will give the utmost of my performance and fidelity. When needed, my skill and knowledge shall be given without reservation for the public good. From special capacity springs the obligation to use it well in the service of humanity; and I accept the challenge that this implies. Jealous of the high repute of my calling, I will strive to protect the interests and the good name of any engineer that I know to be deserving; but I will not shrink, shoidd duty dictate, from disclosing the truth regarding anyone that, by unscrupulous act, has shoivn himself unworthy of the profession. Since the Age of Stone, human progress has been conditioned by the genius of my professional forbears. By them have been rendered usable to mankind Nature's vast resources of 'material and energy. By them have been vitalized and turned to practical account the principles of science and the revelations of technology. Except for this heritage of accumulated experience, my efforts would be feeble. I dedicate myself to the dissemination of engineering knoxvledge, and, especially, to the instruction of younger members of my profession in all its arts and traditions. To my fellows I pledge, in the same full measure I ask of them, integrity and fair dealing, tolerance and respect, and devotion to the standards and the dignity of our profession; with the consciousness, always, that our special expertness carries with it the obligation to serve humanity with complete sincerity. "'Engineers' Council for Professional Development. HHf A THE PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER AND WARTIME LABOR RELATIONS REGULATIONS P.C. 1003 recently promulgated under the War Measures Act is a document of extreme interest not only to professional engineers but to all professional men. Its main object is the prevention of strikes and lockouts and it recognizes freedom of both employers, and employees to organize. In fact, it is almost compulsory so to do. The WT.LR.B. on April 12 last, ruled as follows: "For purposes of the regulations, persons employed in a professional capacity shall be deemed to be employed in a confidential capacity, with the Board reserving its right to review the decision in six months." Under the regulations, persons employed in a confidential capacity are excluded from the order, so, until October 15, professional engineers when they are acting in a professional capacity are excluded. What is "a professional capacity" and what is "a confidential capacity"? We would welcome some definitions from our readers. JUNE, 1944 19 THE STONE By PETER McARTHUR We publish with pleasure the following article which has been forwarded to us by A. L. Carruthers, M.E.I.C, Chief Engineer, Department of Public Works, Victoria. It concerns the obvious neglect of the "stone in the road, the wicked stone, the disturbing stone, the stumbling block." Needless to add, the longer the stone remains, the more difficult it becomes to get someone to remove it. Mr. Carruthers refers to its author as the wise old farmer-philosopher. The moral of this philosophic effort may well be applied to all the important little things that impede the progress of our orderly economic expansion.—Editor. A man! A man! There is a man loose in Canada! A man of heroic mound, a "throwback" of earlier ages, Vigorous, public-spirited, not afraid of work! A doer of deeds, not a dreamer and babbler; A man, simple, direct, unaffected, Such a one as Walt Whitman would have gloried in, And made immortal in rugged man-poetry— Vast polyphloesboean verses such as erstwhile he bellowed Through roaring storm winds to the bull-mouthed Atlantic. And yesterday the man passed among us unnoted! Did his deed and went his way without boasting, Leaving his act to speak, himself silent! And I, beholding the marvel, stood for a space astonished, Then threw up my hat and chortled, And whooped in dithyrambic exultation. Hark to my tale! On the sixteenth sideroad of the township of Ekfrid, Just south of the second concession line, some rods from the corner, There was a stone, a stone in the road, a stumbling- block; A jagged tooth of granite dropped from the jaw of a glacier In an earlier age when the summers were colder; A rock that horses tripped on, wheels bumped on, and sleigh-runners scrunched on, And no man in all the land had the gumption to dig it out. Pathmaster after pathmaster, full of his pride of office. Rode by with haughty brow, and regarded it not, Seeing only the weeds in the field of the amateur farmer, And scrawling minatory letters or ordering them cut, But leaving the stone. Oft in my hot youth I, riding in a lumber wagon, By that lurking stone was catapulted skyward, And picked myself up raging and vowing to dig it out— But dug it not. I didn't have a spade, Or, if I had a spade, I had a lame back—always an excuse. And the stone stayed. As passed the years—good years, bad years, Years that were wet or dry, lean years and fat years, Roaring election years (mouthing reforms); in short, all years That oldest inhabitants keep in stock—there grew a tradition About the stone. Men, it was said, had tried to move it, But it was a stubborn boulder, deep sunk in the earth, And could only be moved by dynamite—at vast cost to the council; But every councillor was a watchdog of the treasury, And the stone stayed. Since the memory of man runneth the stone was there. It had stubbed the toe of the Algonquin brave, and haply Had tripped the ferocious, marauding Iroquois. It had jolted the slow, wobbling ox-cart of the pioneer; Jolted the lumber wagons, democrats, buggies, sulkies; Jolted the pungs, crotches, stoneboats, bob-sleighs, cutters; Upset loads of bolts, staves, cordwood, loads of logs and hay; Jolted threshing machines, traction engines, automobiles, Milk wagons with cans of whey, envied of querulous swine; It had shattered the dreams of farmers, figuring on crops; Of drovers planning sharp deals; Of peddlers, agents, doctors, preachers; It had jolted lovers into closer embraces, to their bashful delight; But mostly it had shaken men into sinful tempers— A wicked stone, a disturbing stone, a stumbling- block— A stone in the middle of the road— Insolent as a bank, obstructive as a merger! Year after year the road flowed around it, Now to the right side, now to the left; But always on dark nights flowing straight over it, Jolting the belated traveller into a passion black as midnight, Making his rocking vocabulary slop over With all the shorter and uglier words. Boys grew to manhood and men grew to dotage, And year after year they did statute-labour By cutting the thistles and golden-rod, milkweeds and burdocks, But left the stone untouched. There is a merry tale that I heard in my childhood, Standing between my father's knees, before the open fireplace, Watching the sparks make soldiers on the blazing backlog, While the shadows danced on the low-beamed ceiling; A pretty tale, such as children love, and it comes to me now; 20 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Comes with the sharp, crisp smell of wood smoke, The crackle of flaming cordwood on the dockers, The dancing shadows and the hand on my tousled head— A clear memory, a dear memory, and ever the stone As it lay in my path in the roadway brought back the story— The loving voice, and, at the close, the laughter. "Once upon a time there was a king, a mighty ruler, Deep in the lore of human hearts, wise as a serpent, Who placed a stone in the road in the midst of his kingdom, On the way to his palace, where all men must pass it. Straightway the people turned aside, turning to right and to left of it, Statesmen, scholars, courtiers, noblemen, merchants, Beggars, labourers, farmers, soldiers, generals, men of all classes Passed the stone, and none tried to move it— To clear the path of the travelling multitude. But one day came a man, a kindly poor man, Who thought it a shame that the stone should be there, A stumbling-block to the nation. Bowing his back He put his shoulder to it, and behold, a marvel! The stone was but a shell, hollow as a bowl! A child might have moved it. And in the hollow was a purse of gold, and with it a writing: 'Let him who hath the public spirit to move the stone Keep the purse and buy a courtly robe, And come to the palace to serve the king as prime minister.' So the kindly poor man who had public spirit Became the chief ruler of all the nation. When the news was told to them, all men rushed to the highways And moved away the stones, but found no purse of gold; But they cleared the roads of stones, and the 'Good Roads Movement' Went through without cost because the king was wise And well understood our weak human nature." Ever when passing the stone I remembered this story And smiled, touched by memories of childhood, But knew there was no purse under it; there might be an angle-worm, But I was not going fishing—and the stone stayed. Now mark the sequel, the conclusion of the matter! Yesterday a man went by—whether neighbour or stranger No man can tell me, though I have questioned widely, Questioned eagerly, longing to do him honour, To chant his name in song, or cunningly engrave it In monumental brass with daedalphantasies— To make it a landmark, a beacon to all future ages, This good man, earnest, public-spirited, Not fearing work, scorning tradition, Doing his duty as he saw it, not waiting an order, Dug out the stone and made it a matter of laughter, For it was no boulder, deep-rooted, needing dynamite, But just a little stone about the size of a milk-pail, A child might have moved it, and yet it had bumped us For three generations because we lacked public spirit. I blush with shame as I pass the stone now lying In the roadside ditch where the good man rolled it, And left it where all men may see it—a symbol, a portent. Tremble, ye Oppressors! Quake, ye Financial Pirates! Your day is at hand, for there is a man loose in Canada! A man to break through your illegal labyrinths, A Theseus to cope with your corporate Minotaurs, A Hercules to clean out your Augean stables of grafters, A man who moves stones from the path of his fellows, And makes smooth the way of the Worker! And such a man may move you! Tremble, I say! DREDGING . . . HlUllli: WORKS CONTRACTORS TO THE GOVERNMENT British Columbia Bridge & Dredging Co., Limited W. G. McKENZIE President GENERAL CONTRACTORS MArine 6451 540 HOWE STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. JUNE, 1944 21 Post-Discharge Rehabilitation . . . 4 By DONALD A. C. McGILL, B.A.: Assistant Editor of the Chronicle. fe The Record So Far ! Editor's Note: Mr. McGill is himself a former member of the Armed services. He has written for us an article on one of the most important of our current problems, the rehabilitation of military personnel to civilian life. Soldiers returning to Vancouver from overseas service recently were more than casually concerned about their return to civilian life. To put it mildly, they were deeply worried. "What about rehabilitation?' they asked reporters at the station. "What are all these rumors about allowances and grants for education? Has the government done anything while we've been away?" A lot of people have been under the impression that men and women in the services were being kept informed of the various measures implemented by the federal government for their post-discharge re-establishment. If this has not been the case, it does not indicate inaction on the government's part. Before criticizing Ottawa for lack of foresight and planning, therefore, it is well to examine what has already been done. Since December, 1939, the government has had a large group of the country's best educators, sociologists and medical men actively at work on discharge problems. In view of the confusion attending demobilization following the last war, it was thought preparations for re-establishing men in civilian life this time could not be undertaken too soon. A General Advisory Committee, set up in 1940, under the Department of Pensions and National Health, found six big questions requiring study and decision. They were: 1. Re-employment of ex-service men; 2. Resumption of interrupted education; 3. Vocational and technical training; 4. Retraining of special casualties; 5. Land settlement; 6. Preferences in public and private employment. Sub-committees are still working on each of these items. Nevertheless, in connection with each, the general problems have been overcome, principles agreed upon and procedures adopted. It is needless to point out how far the various sub-committees have improved upon the appalling conditions prevailing in 1919. The first three items were given very scant attention, while of the 25,000 veterans settled on the land, 13,000 gave up in despair. But the authorities did valuable work in retraining casualties, and many of the same methods are being followed today. As a result of the present government's efforts, a new kind of civil servant has emerged. He is the Veterans' Welfare Officer. Chosen for his experience with educational techniques, knowledge of employment requirements, and his capacity to understand human problems, he is the key man in rehabilitation. The atmosphere of his office and the attitude of his staff is friendly and courteous. Interviews with applicants are long, and devoid of the impersonal brusqueness commonly associated with the civil service. A Welfare Officer is located in each district Unemployment Insurance Commission Office, and he works closely with voluntary citizens' committees set up in various centers. To this officer go discharged men and women for advice and assistance on employment, resumption of education, and all problems associated with rehabilitation. Late in 1941 the government issued P.C. 763 3, now known as the "Post-Discharge Re-establishment Order." Amended and put into active operation in April, 1943, the Order is the basis for the extensive program of education and vocational training now available to anyone discharged from any branch of the armed forces of Canada. To personnel discharged from active service, home defense, service with British forces, the C.W.A.C.'s, the Women's Division of the R.C.A.F., the "Wrens," the order entitles free education plus a living allowance. The latter is called an "out-of-work benefit," since it is a type of unemployment insurance payable to a veteran unable to secure employment, whether he elects to accept training or not. With regard to university education, the order is perfectly clear. For any veteran who has (a) completed high school, (b) joined up before completing his undergraduate course, (c) joined up while actually engaged in post-graduate work or otherwise signified his intention of doing post-graduate work, the government provides both education and allowances for a period not exceeding the veteran's length of service in the forces. Length of service, however, is given liberal interpretation under the order. For example, a veteran with six months' service to his credit can obtain a full session at the University, but if his work is outstanding in the government's opinion, benefits will be extended for another session. The desire of the government is to afford the student-veteran every opportunity for getting the most out of his education. The record of rehabilitation after the last war shows too many cases where promise and ambition were frustrated by narrow and restrictive technicalities. The present session of parliament has given consideration to the allowances paid under the order. In response to the agitation raised by Fl. Lt. Sinclair, Member for Vancouver North, it is likely that the $44.20 now paid monthly to single men will be raised to around $60.00, while the $62.40 now paid monthly to married men with no dependants will be raised to about $90.00. Allowances are also paid for children under 16 and for dependent parents. The reasoning behind Sinclair's agitation is simple and sound. He contends the government should pay a man as much while training him for peace as it does while training him for war. And Sinclair used the same reasoning to persuade the government to raise clothing grants and discharge gratuities. Many oldtimers, who are disinclined to look upon veterans of this war as veterans at all, sniff at this "molly-coddling" of young Canadians. Not a few of these rugged individualists maintain that 80 per cent of the last war's veterans re-established themselves without any government "handouts," while the 20 per cent who needed assistance were not worth the trouble and expense lavished on them. That is to say, making a most conservative estimate, some 80,000 veterans of the last war were not worthy of help and guidance. It is fortunate, indeed, that this type of mind is not in charge of rehabilitation this time. Human resources are too valua- able to be dissipated in a blind enthusiasm for rankest individualism. Any man or woman is worth all the patience, help and expense which will ultimately restore him or her to a useful and happy position in our post-war society. The education which the Post-Discharge Re-establishment order makes possible is not handed out indiscriminately. Except in the case of casualties requiring special training, most 22 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE veterans are being advised to stick as close as possible to their pre-enlistment environment. A railway section hand, for example, is advised to resume employment with the railway, but not necessarily at the same job or at the same rate of pay. He is encouraged to learn a trade which will both better his position and keep him in a line of work with which he is familiar. Unless he has shown an aptitude for some other type of work since enlistment, he is discouraged from farming or fruit-growing or employment that is strange to him. After the last war,- the emphasis on shifting men into totally new occupations had dire results. In the same way, veterans with partial standings are advised not to make drastic changes in their courses. Rehabilitation is already a mighty industry in Canada. The flood of men and women returning to civilian life (estimated at 2,000 a month) presents every known angle in human problems. Here is the case of an air force veteran who went away a junior clerk and comes back a Flying Officer. He has received training and accepted responsibilities in the service which have changed his whole frame of mind towards his former employment. His boss's bargain to keep his job open for him means little to this officer. Then there is the C.W.A.C. sergeant who was a housemaid in civilian life. Her education did not go beyond grade eight in school, yet she has demonstrated intelligence and leadership in the army. What to do with cases like these? Rehabilitation authorities are examining all "the country's educational facili ties and surveying all employment possibilities in an effort to fit these young citizens back into society. Surprisingly few problems are being left unsolved. The government has not attached extreme importance to rehabilitation merely to provide more jobs for the civil service. The technological and social revolution many people commonly associate with post-war Canada has already got under way, and it is the task of rehabilitation to keep the thousands of young men and women now in the services abreast of these changes. The trained people needed by industry and commerce are not only machinists and engineers and accountants, but also economists, statisticians and personnel specialists. Canada's economic life is becoming much more specialized, and the rehabilitation authorities are anxious that veterans be furnished with the opportunity to acquire more specialized training and education. Also, the fact that the depression made education a practical impossibility for many now in uniform has convinced Ottawa that these men and women must not be held back on that account. Canada is far ahead of any other nation in the rehabilitation of its veterans. Nearly a year ago, President Roosevelt broadcast a program for the civil re-establishment of American personnel, but he did not cover half the ground already covered at that time by the Canadian government. Nor has Great Britain or Australia been so generous in their preparations for demobilization. It is one more case where Canada has done something, but refused to be vocal about it. S. S. "BRITISH JUDGE" A British tanker has steamed 20,000 miles with a hole as large as a medium sized house in her side. She had to be nursed across two oceans—at any time she might have broken in two—on a zig-zag course that began in the Dutch East Indies and ended in Mobile, U.S.A. The story began as the Japanese embarked on full-scale warfare in the Far East. With Captain Thomas Gaffney, of Colwyn Bay, on the bridge, the tanker British Judge sailed from Batavia bound for Colombo, Ceylon. In the Sunda Straits, wave after wave of Japanese bombing aircraft attacked the ship. Bombs fell all round the ship and for six and a half hours, as the crew manned the guns, the ship fought her way through a hail of bombs and machine- gun fire. She escaped unscathed, but the same night, in squally weather, a torpedo fired from a submarine struck the ship below the waterline on the port side. The blast shattered three bulkheads and the tanks flooded with water. The ship rocked over to starboard by the impact of the torpedo, then listed back to port and began to settle by the head. But no move was made to abandon the ship. As the engines stopped Captain Gaffney gave orders to flood an after tank of the ship to bring her back on an even keel. The engines were re-started and although badly crippled the ship was brought safely into Colombo harbour sixteen days later. The British Judge arrived at Colombo in good time to take her part in beating off the Japanese when they attempted to destroy Colombo on April 16th. Once again, the crew manned the gun and helped to drive off the enemy aircraft— but not before a near mine had damaged the ship still further. As repairs could not be carried out in Colombo, Captain Gaffney was ordered to make for another port, which he did without hesitation. A few days out at sea, the ship ran into monsoon weather. She shook from stem to stern as giant seas hammered against her sides and swept clean over her forward decks. Her nose dipped beneath the seas, her stern lifted out of the water, and to those on board, listening to the creaking and groaning from her shattered mid-section, it seemed as if she must break in two. Thirty feet of plating from the turn of the bilge were torn away by the force of the seas, so, fearing for the safety of the ship, the Captain turned her round and ran before the storm to the nearest port—Mombasa. At Mombasa, port officials did their best with the scanty labour and materials available, to make her ready for sea. But it was over nine months before the British Judge, with her side still open to the sea, could face the next stage of her passage. She set sail for Capetown and arrived there three , weeks later after calling at Durban. It was decided at Capetown that the ship should proceed to America for repairs. Taking a roundabout course, but one that would keep the ship in calm seas, Captain Gaffney sailed for Bahia, Brazil. At every stage of the trip, great care had to be taken to avoid unnecessary strain on the ship. Each time a heavy beam sea was encountered, the ship had to be turned away from it. This meant that hundreds of extra miles had to be steamed—much in the same way as a windjammer of sixty years ago had to tack. The British Judge sailed alone—a battered hulk of a ship, defying U-boats over thousands of miles of open sea. From Bahia she made for Trinidad, and from Trinidad to Mobile, Alabama, U.S.A. There she went into drydock where she was repaired and made ready for sea again, and she is now back in service. JUNE, 1944 23 One of the many Vivian-powered generator sets available for B. C. industry: 4 eyl. 63A" x 10" 80 h.p. Vivian Stationary engine, direct-connected to 50 kw. A.C. English Electric Generator with exciter mounted above. Vivian removable section radiator. Mounted on substantial steel sub-base providing a complete portable unit. Air tank and auxiliary compressor unit connected ready for immediate service. Total weight 14,000 lbs. Consult us on YOUR power problem. VIVIAN ENGINE WORKS LTD. 1090 West 6th.Ave VANCOUVER. CANADA PHONE BAY. 152 6 Wallace &Tiernan Limited Head Office and Factory TORONTO Chlorine and Ammonia Control Apparatus for Water Sterilization Sewage Disinfection Swimming Pool Protection Industrial Uses British Columbia Representative: SHANAHAN'S LIMITED Vancouver The future of Engineering Shall It Remain a Profession ? An Analysis of the Subject By JAMES F. FAIRMAN For many mon'hs the subject of Collective Bargaining has been discussed by state and chapter units of N.S.P.E. The author of this discussion, President of the New York State Society, has for some years been in a position to observe some of the so-called independent unions at work. His observations and his conclusions have been applied to an analysis of the proposal to form collective bargaining units for professional engineers. He supports the position of President Nold and many other members of N.S.P.E. who believe that an apprenticeship in a large labor organization only strengthens the young engineer in his pursuit of professional status and ultima'e affiliation with a professional study. About a year ago, I was asked to answer this question— "What will I get out of the Society if I join it?" My answer at that time was—"Not a damn thing more than you put into it." That is still my answer. Incidentally, I have been criticized for making that profane and undignified statement, but I continue to make it because I believe it is a clear and arresting expression of a profound truth. I know it sums up my experience, not only in this Society but in all my other activities. "What will I get out of the Society if I join it?" Frankly, gentlemen, nothing—if you approach it in that spirit. Elaborating my answer I expressed the conviction that membership in an organization such as N.S.P.E. is an opportunity for service rather than a place in the bread line. I still think so and I have been heartened by the continuing evidences that I am not alone in this conviction. For example, President Harry E. Nold of the National Society put it this way in an address before the Minnesota Society last June. He said, "Membership and work in the Society should be approached in a spirit of service; service to the public and service to the profession. It should be recognized that the value of such service cannot be measured in terms of increased dollars in the pockets of the engineers rendering such service. We engineers are just as selfish as other human beings. The instinct of self-preservation and economic improvement is strong, and rightly so, but we must recognize that, to a large extent, the work we are doing today is going to help the next generation of engineers, rather than ourselves. We must be willing to do much work for our profession, accepting in payment, the satisfaction of having done something worthwhile." To these remarks of our National President, I wholeheartedly subscribe. British Ropes Canadian Factory Ltd, Index of Quality GRANVILLE ISLAND MANUFACTURERS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF WIRE ROPES Plant Established in 1919. Serves Leading B. C. Industries. Phone MArine 4454 VANCOUVER, B. C 24 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE If you were to ask me what I have gotten out of being a member of the Society, I would say that, in addition to the fund and the headaches, the good fellowship and the hard work, I have gained an entirely new and a much broader point of view of our opportunities and our responsibilities as members of a profession. It is from this point of view that I shall discuss the problem of unionization and its relation to engineers, a problem about which much discussion is being had in our ranks and about which I have been asked to speak to you. In any consideration of this problem by our chapters, by our state societies and by our National Society, it seems to me to be of paramount importance that our deliberations should be objective rather than emotional and that we should deal with facts rather than with fears. The manner in which we treat this problem may be the supreme test of our abili y as a professional group wisely to handle problems involving other than physical phenomena. I may have missed some very constructive discussions of the subject but in those I have heard, emotion seemed to play too great a part. Nonetheless, I have faith that engineers, by their training and inheritance, are essentially a group of people more capable than the average human being of taking a detached objective and long-range point of view in their approach to problems of this kind. If we can't do that, we shall have to stop bragging about our superior objectivity and about placing our cheif reliance on facts in arriving at our conclusions. Can we successfully meet this challenge? I believe that we can and that we musr. It may perhaps be gratuitous, or even in questionable taste, for me to comment upon the recently announced plan of another Society of which I have so little background and so little information at first hand. My only excuse is that so many seem to be talking about it. I have read the report of the Committee and the definition of professional engineering employees prepared by the Commir.ee and I have listened in on some discussions among members of that Society. From all of this I have an impression, which may be erroneous, but which seems to be held by a good many members of that Society, that the decision was arrived at without benefit of general open discussion. I have tried to understand that definition of professional engineering employees and perhaps with further study I shall be able to understand it, but 1 believe one may question the practical administrative value of a definition which requires such close study. I have been consoled by the fact that I have as yet found no one else who could understand it. Moreover, it is difficult for me to follow the logic involved in a proposal to set up a union for some people who don't want to join a union. All of us will watch this experiment with interest and I hope that we shall watch it with open minds. There is always a chance that we may learn something. But if pressed for an opinion as 1 have been by a number of engineers, at the present time I am constrained to tell them that I believe the experiment is foredoomed to fail because it is so unrealistic. This is a curious commentary to make on the work of engineers who presumably are, by training and inheritance, the world's hardest-boiled realists. Can it be possible that their realism is confined to the field of physical phenomena and that it does not extend into the realms of social and political action? In spite of current evidence to the contrary, I hope the answer to this question is in the negative. What do I mean when I describe the above noted collective bargaining plan as unrealistic? Well, for example, do you remember the so-called "company unions" and what happened to them? Who provided the real financial support of the company union and why? You will remember the dues were very nominal. Who is to provide the real financial support, indirect to be sure, of the local committees under the plan in question. Again, the dues of the supposed beneficiaries of the plan are very nominal. I won't ask why but some government agency is sure to, sooner or later. It is difficult to make altruistic answers convincing to skeptics, especially when the people furnishing the money are in part members of that class which is clearly ineligible for the benefits of collective bargaining. But suppose there is no difficulty on this point, does anyone really believe that the very nominal fees proposed plus the indirect support in the form of several agents for the whole country, can suffice to hold the line against a union which his its heart set on organizing a given plant? I do not pretend to be an expert on the existing federal legislation regarding collective bargaining but I have experi- fenced it in some of its workings and I have observed it in others and one thing seems to be reasonably clear and clearly reasonable. The exact nature of the individual's work in a particular organization is a principal factor in determining his eligibility for collective bargaining. Is he working at a trade or is he working in a responsible professional or supervisory capacity? Anyone connected directly and perhaps even indirectly wi'h the management of an enterprise is usually not considered eligible for collective bargaining. So far as collective bargaining is concerned, professional status depends not upon the possession of credentials to that effect but rather upon the nature of the work performed. You and I know thit many licensed practitioners are working and always will work in sub-professional or non-professional capacities. When they are so engaged they will undoubtedly continue to be under pressure to affiliate with the particular collective bargaining unit in their work location. It seems to me this is something about which we should not become unduly excited. Collective bargaining is not necessarily something evil. It is intended to, and does in most cases, perform a useful and necessary function. As a practical proposition, why shouldn't everyone eligible for it benefit by it? It seems All Work Guaranteed Established 1012 MArine 1551 Nights — LAngara 0393 BAyview 8404 North Coast Welding Co. Ltd. ELECTRIC ARC and OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING Heavy Welding and Cutting a Specialty PORTABLE EQUIPMENT | 8 5 WEST PENDER STREET WE MAKE COAL OIL TORCHES | VANCOUVER, B. C. JUNE, 1944 25 to me utterly futile to hope that a separate organization of professional men, (assuming that the organization in mind was restricted to men possessed of professional credentials which is not so in the instance under discussion) working in sub-professional or non-professional jobs could hope to get anywhere by and for themselves through a small, unaffiliated, collective bargaining unit. Things just don't work that way in this life. This is one of the cold, hard facts which appears to have been overlooked. Moreover, it is questionable whether the government agencies charged with the adjudication of collective bargaining disputes would be inclined to recognize such independent units. Even if all of these small units were banded together in some form of international union, their members would not be impressive. Are we, who pride ourselves on being of a practical turn of mind, completely blind to political realities? It may not be out of place to remind ourselves and our colleagues, who are fearful that they may be caught up in collective bargaining processes, of the old and sound political adage, "If you can't lick 'em, join "em." In this connection, it is my opinion that, in the case of young engineers starting at the bottom of the ladder, it will be a very useful part of their training for more responsible positions to have been a part of a collective bargaining unit sometime in their career. It will give them an invaluable insight into the problems of the workman from his point of view and into his processes of rationalization. If our young engineers profit from this experience they should be able, later on, very materially to reduce industrial strife, so much of which seems to have been due to lack of sympathetic understanding of the other fellow's problem and point of view. In the same address by Professor Nold, from which I quoted previously, he says that the National Society should "protect for the engineering profession and all members thereof the right of the individual to contract for his services," and that it should "educate engineers to the realization that the maintenance of professional status is based on the privilege and right of the individual to exercise independent judgment in his work." He repeats these same remarks in his message on the editorial page of the January, 1944 issue of The American Engineer. I believe they are significant. The Preamble to the Constitution of our National Society states, "The National Society of Professional Engineers, recognizing that service to society, to state and to profession is the premise upon which individual opportunity must be build- ed, does hereby dedicate itself as an educational institution to the promotion and protection of the profession of engineering as a socia land economic influence vital to the affairs of men and of the United States." Note that our National Society is an educational institution. Nothing is said or inferred about its being a bargaining agency or a pressure group. To be sure, education is a slow process but it is the only sound method in a democracy. Have we lost faith in the methods of democracy? I hope not. It seems to me in discussions of this sort it is good to remind ourselves of the purposes for which we were organized. This is not to suggest that those purposes may not be amended as experience indicates to be necessary, but rather that each of our activities currently entered into should be tested against our fundamental objectives to guard against the ever-present danger that we may find ourselves side-tracked without having intended to leave the main line. We claim to be a profession. We aspire to be ranked by the public with the learned professions. It seems to be axiomatic that our aspiration can be realized only if we demonstrate by our words and by our actions that as individuals and as a group we are worthy of professional status. What is a profession? Webster defines it; first, as an occupation that properly involves education or its equivalent, and mental rather than manual labor and cites as examples the three learned professions; and second, as an occupation or calling involving special mental and other attainments or special discipline and cites as examples editing, acting, engineering, and authorship. Many persons in the several professions have, from time to time, tried their hand at a more complete definition. Dr. William E. Wickenden, President of the Case School of Applied Science, in an address delivered before the Engineering Institute of Canada in 1941, put it this way: "What marks off the life of an individual as professional? First, I think we may say that it is a type of activity which is markedly high in individual responsibility and which deals with problems on a distinctly intellectual plane. Second, we may say that it is a motive of service, as distinct from profit. Third, is the motive of self-expression, which implies a joy and pride in one's work and a self-imposed standard of workmanship—one's best. And fourth, is a conscious recognition of social duty to be accomplished, among other means, by guarding the standards and ideals of one's profession and advancing it in public understanding and esteem, by sharing advances in professional knowledge, and by rendering gratui- MArine 5364 MACDONALD & MACDONALD INSPECTING AND TESTING ENGINEERS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS • ASSAYERS 718 GRANVILLE STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. GENERAL EQUIPMENT LIMITED REPRESENTING NASH ENGINEERING COMPANY ARMSTRONG STEAM TRAPS MUELLER PRES. RED. VALVES RED HEAD HEATERS CENTRIPIX PURIFIERS 317 W. Pender Street COPPUS FANS AND TURBINES TROY STEAM ENGINES WESTERN BLOWER COMPANY VENTURIMETERS FRUIT DEHYDRATERS Pacific 5932 Vancouver, B. C. 26 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE tous public service, in addition to that for ordinary compensation, as a return to society for special advantages of education and status. "Next, what are the attributes of a group of persons which mark off their corporate life as professional in character? I think we may place first a body of knowledge (science) and of art (skill), held as a common possession and to be extended by united effort. Next we may place an educational process of distinctive aims and standards, in ordering which the professional group has a recognized responsibility. Third in order is a standard of qualifications, based on character, training, and competency, for admission to the professional group. Next follows a standard of conduct based on courtesy, honor, and ethics, to guide the practitioner in his relations with clients, colleagues, and the public. Fifth, I should place a more or less formal recognition of status by one's colleagues, and less formal recognition of status by one's colleagues or by the state, as a basis of good standing. And finally an organization of the professional group devoted to its common advancement and social duty rather than the maintenance of an economic monopoly." In contrast to a profession, Webster defines a trade as a skilled or specialized handicraft, and explains that the term is properly applied to pursuits which are distinguished from unskilled labor, agricultural employment, commerce, the learned professions, and fine arts. The same authority defines a trade union as an organized association of workmen skilled in any trade or industrial occupation formed for the protection and promotion of their common interests, especially the increase of wages, better conditions or shorter hours of labor. Contrast this with our concept of our professional scie.y. If words are to mean anything in these days of overworked superlatives in the Flollywood manner, it would seem that we can render a service to ourselves and to the public by not abusing them. If the generally accepted definition of a profession fits us, we should use it. If it does not, if we are a trade and if we propose to adopt the practices and methods of a trade with respect to such matters as collective bargaining, let us frankly admit that we are a trade. We cannot be both. Nor can we long straddle the issue. A trade characteristically and perhaps necessarily takes a short-term view of its economic problems; a profession takes a long-range view of these problems and places its primary emphasis on service to society rather than on the immediate economic well-being of its members. To quote Wickenden again, "The engineer has been the pioneer in the professionalizing of industry, and his task is only begun. Organized labor, it seems, is intent upon gaining a larger voice in the councils of industry; it wan.s to sit in when policies are made and to share in planning the schedules of production. Many labor organizations not only exercise a direct voice in management, but are also in a position to accumulate immense surplus funds from fees and dues. These funds may become one of the major sources of capital for investments in industry, making labor an important stock holder as well. If any such day is ahead, the middleman of management who can reconcile the stake of the investor, the worker, the customer, and the public is going to be the key man on the team. For that responsibility, the finger of destiny points to the engineer. This makes it all the more urgent that the engineer, while using every opportunity to gain a discriminating and even a sympathetic knowledge of the labor movement, should avoid being sucked into it by the lure of a quick gain in income and in bargaining power." If we are big enough to seize the opportunity which is before us, we shall not only render a service to society but we shall, incidentally thereto, attain that degree of public recog- notion and economic welfare to which such service will entitle us" ''The American Engineer, April, 1944. Side view of "multi-laminar" wing spar, showing thirteen laminations, scarfed and joined together with Laucks Glue, heated and pressed in Tolerton Lumber Co.'s new RCA radio frequency press. New method of building airplane spars makes utmost use of woods formerly deemed unsuitable for airplane use, one of the most outstanding achievements in conserving wood supplies. A. C. R. Yuill M.E.I.C, MEM. A.I.E.E. Consulting Engineer 675 West Hastings Street Vancouver, B. C. HYDRAULIC - STEAM - DIESEL - ELECTRIC POWER Special Representative Dominion Engineering Company Limited Montreal, Canada Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited SULPHUR BAR IRON PIG IRON CHEMICALS MUTE CARS SEWER PIPE CULVERT PIPE B. C. CEMENT Dealers in PACIFIC LIME BLACKSMITH COAL RAILWAY SUPPLIES BAG'S AND BURLAP REINFORCING STEEL CANNERY SUPPLIES ROOFING MATERIALS BUILDING MATERIALS RAILS AND ACCESSORIES COMMON AND FIRE BRICK CAST IRON AND STEEL PIPE SALT (FISHERIES AND DAIRY) FOUNDRY COKE AND SUPPLIES GALVANIZED AND PLAIN SHEETS LARGE AND VARIED STOCKS ALWAYS ON HAND B. C. Representatives for Building' Products Limited Complete Line of Products. VANCOUVER, B. C. VICTORIA, B. C. JUNE, 1944 LIEUT. CDR. LORNE KYLE—One of three flotilla officers —is a veteran of Dieppe, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and the North Atlantic—experienced U-boat hunter—is with the Canadian Landing Craft Flotillas on the coast of Britain. New and used Engineers' and Surveyors' Instruments and supplies for sale and rent. Repairs on all Makes of Scientific Instruments a Specialty. Frederick Goertz, Ltd. INSTRUMENT MAKERS 569 Howe St., Vancouver, B.C. MArine 3822 Distributors for: Instruments Limited, Ottawa Ammonia Fittings • Pipe Coils • Shell and Tube Coolers and Condensers • Traps and Receivers • Valves, Packing, etc. • Cimco Oil (Ammonia and Freon 12) • Economizers • Gas Purgers • Steel Lockers • Tube Cleaners • Charging Connections • Calcium Chloride • Compressor Repair Parts • Automatic Equipment • We stock all lines of refrigeration supplies listed above and solicit your enquiries ior same. CIMCO-YORK REFRIGERATION-AIR CONDITIONING AND HEATING CANADIAN ICE MACHINE COMPANY LTD., TORONTO Branch Officot: Halifax, Montreal, Winnipeg, Calgary, Vancouver The Wartime Bureau of Technical Personel Alonthly Bulletin APRIL, 1944 University Science Students Regulations Although the month of April was largely devoted to preparation for and writing of final examinations, a considerable number of this year's graduating class, other than those who were selected for technical appointments in the Armed Forces, have already made substantial progress towards becoming identified with essential civilian activities. By the end of April, some 300 permits had been issued for such employment. Reports received from the universities indicate that undergraduate students in science and engineering were having no difficulty in securing summer employment which would best aid the war effort and promote the training of the individual. Supply and Demand {Technical Personnel) With the completion of the third complete year of Bureau operations it has been possible to gather some useful information on such subjects as the factors governing the supply of technical personnel. It has now been established that additional technical persons are being created by university training at the rate of about 1700 per annum (1350 men and 350 women). This increase in the available supply has been completely offset by the induction of an average of 1200 per annum in the Armed Forces in technical capacity, and the death or retirement of some 500 others. This takes no account of the substantial number who have enlisted in the Armed Forces for non-technical activities. As the total number of technical persons availabel for civilian activity therefore tends . o decrease, and as the engineering and scientific staffs of essential civilian undertakings can be built up only by diversion from other civilian fields, there is an obvious need for presenting any avoidable wastage. It has thus become necessary to scrutinize ever more closely on the grounds of priority, such inquiries as have been received for technical presons. It is also necessary to take full advantage of the machinery set up under the Mobilization and Labour Exit Permit regulations to prevent a serious drain due to persons leaving the country to engage in civilian operations elsewhere. Monthly Statistics During the month, 1580 interviews were granted by the Bureau staff, 114 questionnaires were added to the files, and 644 permits to employ technical personnel were issued. W/O MERVIN SIMS, R.C.A.F.—Has one enemy plane to his credit and damaged two others—miraculously escaped death in a plane crash on Mount Snowden, Wales—he lay on the mountain-top for three days with a broken back and fractured left leg before he was rescued. S!L E. H. CLEVELAND, R.C.A.F.—With the City of Edmonton Intruder Squadron—Shot down a Heinkel Glider- tug, with two gliders in two—also frightened a German twin-engine aircraft into crashing by flying into him head-on. Smith Bros. & Wilson Limited GENERAL CONTRACTORS 1267 RICHARDS STREET MArine 3729 - 6751 VANCOUVER, B. C. 28 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE T60m WORK .. . In TOWN and COUNTRY PLANNING What is the relationship between the engineer, the architect and the surveyor in town and country planning? This question was discussed at a conference held at the Institution of Civil Engineers recently. In his opening remarks Mr. Manzoni, Chief Engineer of Birmingham, said that in any consideration of the respective parts to be played by each of the three individuals it was essential to have a clear understanding of their basic training. The engineer was first and foremost a scientist; much of his work was based on the pure science of mathematics. In consequence his tendency was to be assiduous in the collection of facts and in applying to them the most recent scientific knowledge in the solution of the problem at hand. The architect was an artist, and art was necessarily allied more to imagination than to logic. The function of the architect was the creation of beauty and its interpretation in the materials at his disposal to provide a structure which would be harmonious in an aesthetic sense. Thirdly, the estate surveyor, in addition to certain technical aspects of his training, was usually skilled in business management and had much to do with the economics of a plan. Within the ambit of his control was a range of considerations quite outside the scientific or the aesthetic. The craftsman of bygone years usually combined all three duties. Rapid advance in the scientific use of materials, industrial expansion, growing population and the increasing magnitude of works carried out had led to specialisation and an unfortunate division of functions. Today it was impossible for any individual to be fully competent in both engineering and architecture, and the problem was further intensified if the aspect of economic management was added. Town and country planning had developed into a very comprehensive subject. It was no longer a restrictive code. Rather it was being regarded as a positive programme for long-term construction, involving all the necessary necessities of environment in a modern community. These began with industrial layout, and went through the stages of regional and local detail, right down to the design of the factory, the dwelling, and the playground and even their furnishing. In addition there were the considerations of transport, the utility services and all amenities. A task of such magnitude required the specialization of all three professions, and of many more besides. Occasionally one person of the trio may be found to have some of the characteristics of the others, but generally speaking the best architects were not good scientists and engineers made poor architects. Therefore to get the best of each aspect of a scheme close co-operation was needed at all stages. Mr. Manzoni illustrated this point by describing how the various "partners" co-operated in the planning of a small estate near Birmingham. In that case the plan arose from considerations which were purely sociological. The medical officer of health reported to the surveyor on the condition of certain existing housing properties. The surveyor made investigations into the general extent of property dilapidation in the area and got into touch with the engineers. Study of the map showed that the area selected was one which could easily be isolated, and a survey of existing conditions there was begun. This work was done by the town planning department, who, after making a complete survey of conditions above and below ground, drew up an appreciation of the necessities of the area. Next the engineers of the road department were brought in to advise on traffic circulation. Simultaneously matters of zoning for industry and residences together with the provision of open spaces were considered by the town planning officer. Then followed a request for detailed consideration by a number of persons on a variety of subjects—drainage, gas, electricity, water, schools, medical services, etc.—the various departments being asked to indicate their own requirements in accordance with a draft road and zoning layout sent to them. From this point certain legal formalities had to be undertaken and financial considerations had to be discussed. The next stage was to hand the plans to the housing architect and he virtually took charge from that juncture, producing what might be described as a three-dimensional scheme. In this section, all the former work had to be reviewed in order that the whole could be fitted together, and certain sociological researches were pursued into matters such as family analysis, income groups, and—a highly important matter—the expressed wishes of the residents themselves. The final stige was the detailed design of buildings, roads and services and landscape gardening, again involving full cooperative action by all the people hitherto consulted. In town and country planning projects the most controversial aspect had been concerned with prestige; it centred on the claim of one particular profession to be entrusted with . the principal role. Mr. Manzer said his own opinion was that it mattered not whether the chief executive was an engineer, an architect or a surveyor provided he had sufficient knowledge of these subjects to keep a proper balance between them. Whoever did guide such a team should have a specialized local knowledge, sociological and economic, if he was to make a real job of the whole conception and of its details. In existing conditions the best qualifications for leadership were held by men who had thorough training and practical experience in one of the three professions and who, in addition, had opportunities for gaining experience of the others and of the social and economic backgrounds of communities. The worst thing that could happen was that members of the different professions should cry aloud their own claims by derogating the claims of the others. That would only shake the confidence of the public in their professional leaders.— "The Overseas Engineer," November, 1943. BOILERITE s SCALEITE A. SIMPSON & COMPANY SPECIALIZING IN WATER TREATMENTS DESCALING OF MARINE, STATIONARY and LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS CHEMICAL AND DESCALING ENGINEERS 7676 HEATHER STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. DESCALING OP INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND ALL TYPES OP LAngara 0740 water-cooled machinery JUNE, 1944 29 C. P. FOSTER & COMPANY LTD. DEPENDABLE DRAWING MATERIALS SENSITIZED PAPERS AND CLOTHS ENGINEERS' INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES STEEL TAPES CROSS SECTION PAPERS COMMERCIAL STATIONERS IMPERIAL TRACING CLOTH • OZALID DIRECT PROCESS PAPERS PARAGON REVOLUTE BLUEPRINT MACHINERY PAcific 5841 631 Seymour Street Vancouver, B. C. 38 YEARS OF SPECIALIZED SERVICE TO THE MUNICIPAL FIELD Manufacturers of Water Work Supplies Fire Hydrants Gate Valves Air Valves Check Valves Sluice Gates Wood Pipe Specials Steel Pipe Specials Cast Iron Pipe Specials Corporation Cocks Valve Boxes Plain Service Boxes TERMINAL CITY IRON WORKS LIMITED 1929 to 1999 Franklin Street HAstings 0131 Vancouver, B. C. The . . . University's Retiring President DR. L. S. KLINCK This month the University bids farewell to a man who has guided her destinies for the past twenty-five years. No other man has so long directed the province's leading educational institution and few, if any in the province, have equalled his great contributions to the education of our people. Dr. L. S. Klinck first came to the University in 1914 as professor of agronomy and Dean of the new Faculty of Agriculture. At that time he was in his thirty-seventh year. Born in York County, Ontario, in 1877, he spent his time until early youth in attending the local schools and in working on the farm owned by his father. From this training he developed a great interest in scientific farming and determined to go to college to study agriculture. To raise the money to do so he spent several years as a school teacher in a small Ontario community. The young farmer-student next attended Ontario Agricultural College where he received his B.S.A. degree in biology in 1903. He subsequently took a position on the staff of Iowa State College as a lecturer, at the same time working towards his M.S.A. degree which he took in 1905. Shortly after this he took charge of the cereal husbandry department at Macdonald College. This department was associated with McGill University and the young farmer was appointed pro- iG* ^ & ^ $P,d£ -tir ¥ MArine 0751 HODGSON, KING & MARBLE 1401 MAIN STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. 30 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE fessor in 1907. In his new position he did much research work in the agricultural field, among this being pioneer work in Quebec corn and alfalfa. In 1914 the board of governors of the infant University of British Columbia brought him west in an advisory capacity. Dr. F. F. Wesbrook had been recently appointed as the University's first president and his influence on Professor Klinck was enormous. To this day Dr. Klinck speaks in the warmest terms of the first President. Dr. Wesbrook persuaded his young associate to remain with the University of British Columbia, advising him to travel extensively in the province. This advice was taken and has ever since stood the recipient in good stead. Following Dr. Wesbrook's death, Dean Klinck, as he then was, was appointed-acting President in October, 1918, and was made President in June, 1919. Since that time Dr. Klinck, having received his D.Sc. in 1920 from Iowa State, has carried on as administrative head of the University. He has seen almost all stages of the University's pioneer development. Indeed in those early years he spent three summers living in a tent in the area that is the present University location. He has taken a wide interest in education in Canada. In 1924 the University of Western Ontario conferred an honorary LL.D. on him. In 1928 he received the Order of Agricultural Merit from the Quebec Government. He is a member of the Royal Society of Canada and in 1930 was made an Officier de l'lnstruction Publique by the French Government. The President has always been interested in aiding research on the campus. Indeed he himself has taken a prominent part in some of it, such as the development of No. 1 Alfalfa. He has led the University in a full scale cooperation with the Canadian government in so far as war research is concerned. Dr. Klinck's work of recent years has been entirely administrative and he has taken no personal part in the teaching of his students. However, he has at all times followed a policy of obtaining the best possible instructors for the University. His men have been carefully chosen to fit into the general scheme of the University. The work of a University president is most involved in nature and perhaps one of the best tributes to the work of Dr. Klinck lies in the relatively even keel he has kept University life on for these past twenty-five years. Difficulties there have been in profusion and mistakes too have been made. Nevertheless the University machinery in general has operated well and efficiently. On the occasion of his retirement Dr. Klinck has been given many honours and tesitmonials. One of the most outstanding of these was undoubtedly the dinner given for him by the Vancouver Board of Trade, at which the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia paid glowing tribute to the University and the work of Dr. Klinck. The leaders of the commercial community of the lower mainland showed their interest in the University at that time. This interest by the people of the province is one of the most heartening manifestations seen by Dr. Klinck as he leaves office. He believes that at long last the people of the Province are awakening to a realization of how important the University is and can be to the whole Province if it is used to the full and given adequate public support. At the Convocation dinner held in Vancouver in May of this year Dr. Klinck was made an Honorary Life Member of the Alumni Association of the University of B. C. On behalf of the Association Miss Mary Fallis presented the scroll of membership, the first ever granted by the Association. /, . t When he retires to his new home on the West Shore Dr. Klinck will watch with great interest the progress of the University, for he it was who has guided her through her days of infancy and youth. Now that some degree of maturity has been reached, the rewards of that early guidance are ready to be taken. LT.-COL. GEORGE B. OKULICH—Has been serving as Canadian military attache at Moscow for the past year— was stationed at Kubyshiev—B.S.A. 193 3—M.S.A. 193 5 —now in Ottawa to confer with government officials. Manufacturers of mncHincRV and EQUipmon STEEL FABRICATORS BLACKSMITH ING ELECTRIC WELDING Founded 1874 WESTMINSTER IRON WORKS COMPANY LIMITED 66 10™ 5T. NEW WESTMINSTER 70 yeti/14 of- /{/vcrtAStsTUf efjcruf/ SPECIALISTS IN CORRECT LUBRICATION 1272 Richards Street PRODUCTION SUPPLY COMPANY Representing "lite. <Mo44*fJita*t Jline OILS AND LEATHERS FOR THE INDUSTRIES MArine 9826 LESS OIL LESS OFTEN WITH STAY PUT LUBRICANTS Vancouver, B. C. JUNE, 1944 31 P. D. MURPHY D. D. CHISHOLM T. CONNORS DIAMOND DRILLING COMPANY LIMITED 744 W. Hastings Street - Vancouver, B. C. Diamond Drill Contractors PAcific 5953 COBB BITS OF AI.Ii SIZES AND DIAMOND POINTED TOOKS B. C. Concrete Co. Ltd. Manufacturers of Hume Centrifugal Concrete Pipe for Sewers, Culverts and Water Supply Lines Size 6" to 68" — Plain or Reinforced Oak Street and 77th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. Phone LA 0230 GENERAL MACHINE WORK AND REPAIRS SHINGLE MILL MACHINERY PULP MILL MACHINERY CANNING MACHINERY FISH REDUCTION MACHINERY TIRE VULCANIZING MOULDS Letson & Burpee Ltd. Machinery Manufacturers and Founders 172 Alexander St. Vancouver, B. C. INTERNATIONAL NICKEL CO. LICENSEES IN B. C. FOR NI-HARD AND NI-RESIST IRON, BRASS, ALUMINUM AND MONEL CASTINGS ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT LIMITED (F. J. BARTHOLOMEW, Pres.) 1285 Homer Street Vancouver, B. C. POWER PLANT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING AND REPAIR PLANT Co-operative Association A Success ! By S. C. TODHUNTER Editor's Note: One of the main Alumni Association objectives at the moment is the establishment of dormitories on the campus. In the course of its investigations into this matter, the Executive became acquainted with one of the most successful student endeavors in campus history—the co-operative housing project. Accordingly we have asked Mr. Tod- hunter, the Secretary-Treasurer of the movement, to tell our readers about the "co-op." The co-operative boarding house movement swept the campuses of Canadian and American Universities during the late '30's. These residences have proven so popular that they are now permanent fixtures on almost every campus on the continent. Among the largest student co-operative residences are those at Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, accommodating 1000; University of California at Berkeley, operating some of the largest apartment houses in the city; the University of Washington, with ten houses and a central kitchen; and the University of Idaho, with seven houses. The university session of '3 8-'39 saw the birth of the co-op idea in the minds of several U.B.C. students who were batching in an apartment near 10th and Sasamat. The following year these students, \vith the help of several campus organizations, put their idea to a practical test by starting the first co-operative residence at U.B.C. Housework was divided among the thirteen members. During the '40-'41 term three men's and one girls' houses were operated, the girls' organization functioning separately. In the summer of '41 a constitution, subsequently approved by the Registrar of Companies, was drawn up and the University Students Co-operative Association was chartered under the Companies Act. Next year the girls' and men's organizations amalgamated and decided upon a plan of operation which provided for a maximum of efficiency of operation and economy. This plan, modified slightly to meet changing conditions, is still followed. At the beginning of the Spring and Fall terms members of each house elect a committee consisting of a house manager, a purchasing agent and a treasurer. The manager organizes DELNOR FOODS Seventeen Varieties of Fruits and Vegetables for All Types of Recipes and Servings 32 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE house activities, the purchasing agent compiles a monthly grocery order, and the treasurer collects the board revenue. Each house also has a house-mother who prepares the evening meal and makes day-to-day purchases. The management of the whole Co-op is in the hands of an Executive Committee and a Board of Directors. The Executive Committee, consisting of managers from each house and the secretary-manager, might be called the actual governing body. The Board of Directors, made up of five student members and three faculty members, is a policy-forming and advisory group. The Association rents houses in the neighborhood of the University which, as nearly as possible, fill the requirements of a co-op. There are as few rules as possible, and no curfew. Everyone is assigned approximately 30 minutes' work each day, ranging from making lunches and washing dishes to stoking the furnace. Large-scale buying allows the co-op to keep the costs well down, and this year the houses were able to offer board and room for $26 monthly, in spite of the rise in cost of living. Operating profits or losses are shared equally by the members, although liability is limited to the amount of shares purchased. Each student, upon joining the Association, is obliged to buy. ten shares at one dollar per share. These shares form the working capital of the Association and are used to purchase furniture and equipment. In order that members of various houses may become acquainted, two students go twice monthly from each house as dinner guests to another house. It has become the custom, too, for the Co-op in the course of the year to have two or three "bang-up" parties. For four years the Co-op has operated throughout the summer months during which the University is closed. It has catered to out-of-town students and graduates who are working in Vancouver during the holidays, and to University Summer Session students. Continuity of operation has proven to be the Achilles heel of the U.S.C.A. during war time. The housing shortage in Vancouver makes it imperative that the Co-op holds houses during the summer in order to have accommodation in the fall. Last year there were many more applicants than could be accommodated—some forty being turned away. This is an unfortunate condition and defeats the purpose of the organization, that is, the provision of inexpensive and excellent board to as many varsity students as desire it. The financing of an expansion program has proven to be a stumbling block for the co-op. At present, one house is being purchased on the installment plan. This method of purchasing would prove highly unsatisfactory on a large scale. The co-op hopes to build houses or dormitories which are suited to the particular needs of such an organization. To finance such a program requires more capital than the students themselves are able to provide. At present a committee is working on the problem of raising capital for such a venture and hopes in the near future to discover ways and means of meeting this situation. The solution of the two preceding difficulties will assure the co-op a bright future and enable it to do its share in giving to the students of limited means the opportunity of higher education. The members are quite confident that they will be able to surmount these problems and are doing all in their power to insure the future success of the University Students Co-op. Association. 'We are at your service" Dominion Construction Co. UNDER CONSTRUCTION R.C.A.F. Buildings, Sea Island; H.M.C.S. Discovery, Deadman's Island. 150 West First Avenue ■limited ■ "LANT CHVNGES AND NEW BUILDINGS Sorg Pulp Co. Ltd., Port Mellon; B. C. Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd., Port Alice. Vancouver, B. C. ESTABLISHED 1912 C. W. Broekley & Co. Ltd. MECHANICAL ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS Mechanical Handling, Power Transmission and Contractors' Construction Equipment KALL3ABLE AND STEEL CONVEYOR CHAINS— ROLLER CHAIN DRIVES B. C. Distributors Chain Belt Co. Rex Products 1 ALEXANDER STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. Announcement Precision Instrument Co. are now located in their New Large and Modern Premises at 569 Richards St You are cordially invited to drop in and see us. Same Phone Number: PAcific 6541 PRECISION INSTRUMENT CO. (T. H. RICHARDSON) Manufacturers of VALVES and FITTINGS Brass, Iron and Steel for Corvettes, Frigates, Minesweepers, and Cargo Vessels WEBB & GIFFORD LIMITED 222 Front Street New Westminster, B. C. Phone 1026 JUNE, 1944 33 JUST WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED Seven experienced Pharmacists to dispense just what the Doctor ordered. . . . Bring your next prescription to us. Georgia Pharmacy Limited 777 WEST GEORGIA STREET MArine 4161 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTS ic G. HrndciMi Oc 1'. '116 Gil.b G. Ilcnjcsu.i, I].A., B.A.Sc U.B.C. '3) Choose a CHALLENGER The WATCH that can "take it" Shockproof, waterproof, dustproof, non-magnetic models priced from $32.50. Jewellers Silversmiths BhU Diamond L%fQl5s Merchants VANCOUVER MODERN ENGINEERING CO. W. F. KENT 1695 West 5th Avenue Vancouver, B. C. * SUPPLYING AIRCRAFT TOOLS AND PARTS TO BOEING AIRCRAFT OF CANADA ALumnr —^ By JANET WALKER, B.A. Editor's N'l/e: This is the third in a series of "personality" articles on the various members of the Alumni Executive. PEARLEY BRISSENDEN Treasurer of the Alumni Association. He is treasurer of the Alumni Association, but he insists he can't ccunt money! "I don't know how I got into this office," he protests, but regardbss of his counting house talent, Pearley Brissenden is one of the Alumni Association's hardest working executives. "I always disliked maths intensely," savs lawyer Pearley, whose interests are centred around social and economic problems of a working democracy. To the layman such topics might sound like just another complicated literary flight of fancy which lawyers are so fond of affecting, but strangely enough, in Pearley's case, it really means something. When he says what he wants to see concerning U.B.C.'s future is maintenance of the intellectual integrity of the faculty, ami of the forceful influence of the university in the community, he isn't just reeling off a stream of idle, high- sounding phrases. He real y means it. What's more, he's doing something about it. He and his pal, Jordan Guy, also on the alum executive, spend a good deal of their tane studying and working towards that goal. Pearley, son of Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Brissenden, was born in Flora, II inois, near St. Louis. He received his early education there, and stopped after three years of high school to go to work. In the years between then and now, he has worked on everything from a pick and shovel to a pen ... his current tool of law! 34 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE He worked in automobile and tire plants, and as a salesman, an electrical and maintenance man in a machine company, and in various other jobs across the continent from Detroit to Los Angeles. When he arrived in Los Angeles, he met Norine Turner, a former Vancouver girl, who was attending college down there. In 1924 they were married. They came to Vancouver on a visit, and liked it so much they decided to stay. "Maybe it was the mountains," says Pearley. He took his junior matric at Baines, in eight months, and then went to U.B.C, from which he graduated in 1931 with a bachelor of arts degree. He majored in economics, English and history. "I didn't have much time for any outside activities then," says Pearley. "I was too busy making up for lost time. He was articled to the firm of Robertson, Douglas and Symes, of which he is now a partner, and studied law at nights. Conveyance, corporation, and estate law is his forte. Pearley is interested in everything, although he has no special hobbies. Reading is one of his chief diversions—with novels, and the occasional mystery providing the leaven for more serious subjects like social and political reform. Music in the lighter vein, not the so called "good music," is his favorite. Modern paintings too are a special interest. "Not surrealism, though." One of Pearley's main ambitions is to travel, especially to Europe. "Russia has definitely influenced and is influencing the lives of all of us," he says, emphasizing the importance of the Russian revolution in the history of the century. As an antidote to all this serious cogitation, he gardens. "Victory gardens?" we asked. "Oh, no, just roses," says Pearley, who apparently had enough of the vigorous pick and shovel days before he came to Vancouver. U.B.C. INVADES THE CAPITAL In the last few years great numbers of former U.B.C. people have literally invaded Ottawa, our capital city. The seat of government seems to have exerted a strange fascination over many graduates of Canada's most western University and indeed the number of residents of Ottawa who attended U. B.C. at one time or another is well up in the hundreds now. We can by no means make reference to them all in this article but we have chosen a few at random in order that the great body of U.B.C. graduates may see how much of Ottawa has been "taken over." The U.B.C. Alumni Association recently held a dinner in honor of President-elect Norman Mackenzie and about 125 alumni turned out. The dinner was under the chairmanship of Ab Whiteley, now president of the Ottawa Alumni Branch. In his daytime activities Ab is a statistical advisor to the Department of Labour. Dr. Alan Peebles, now with the Unemployment Insurance Commission, acted as cheerleader at the dinner. Among other speakers was the popular U.B.C. professor, F. H. Soward, who is doing important government work in connection with relations between the South American countries and Canada. Margot Burgess, a recent visitor to Vancouver, is a statistician with the Oil and Fat Administration of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. Phyllis Turner, a grad of '27, has the really important position of Fats Administrator. Hec Munro can be seen at work in the Timber Controller's department and Ross Tolmie, a grad of '30, may be found in the legal department of the Income Tax Branch. Ozzie Durkin is a recent Ottawa arrival and he celebrated his arrival by being married in the capital city. Don Sage, Arts '40, is with the Army in the historical research branch, and John Pearson, Commerce '40, and a former President of the Students' Council, is an officer at Ordnance Headquarters. Bob Green, Sc. '3 3, is an Engineering Advisor to the British Purchasing Commission. International Agencies & Machinery Co. Ltd. KOEHRING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INSLEY SHOVELS ATLAS STGE. BATT. LOCOMOTIVES LINN TRACTORS MARLOW PUMPS KWIK-MIX CONCRETE MIXERS MORSE DIVING EQUIPMENT LOGGING, MINING, MUNICIPAL and CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 581 Granville Street PAcific 8630 Vancouver, B. C. JUNE, 1944 35 COMPLETE MINING PLANTS INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS and POWER UNITS MANCHA STORAGE BATTERY LOCOMOTIVES EIMCO LOADERS HOLMAN MINING EQUIPMENT PETTER DIESEL ENGINES WHEAT ELECTRIC MINER'S LAMPS JS. C. £<pufime*U 6a. Jltd. Head Office 551 Hove Street Vancouver, B.C. Warebeuies Granville Island 306 Industrial St. Canada Chain & Forge Co. LIMITED MANUFACTURERS WELDED CHAIN GRANVILLE ISLAND VANCOUVER, B. C. JRrlmtrll FAirmont 1257 75 W. 3rd Ave. Vancouver, B. C. illrtai JNamtfariurtttg ENGINEERS MACHINISTS Tool and Die Makers Plumbers' Supplies Everything in Metal (Company Utt. Don Pyle, Arts '40, is now Acting Secretary of the War Labour Board, a position of great importance in our wartime labour organization. Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Angus are now Ottawa residents and Prof. Angus has recently been made economic advisor to the External Affairs Branch. Dr. Hugh Keenleyside, Department of External Affairs, in Ottawa, is back after representing Canada's interests for some time in Newfoundland. Arnold Powell, '32, is with the Sales Tax Division of the Department of National Revenue. Dr. Norman Robertson is Under Secretary of External Affairs and is one of the most prominent of our Ottawa representatives. From a political point of view the University is more than adequately represented. In the Prime Minister's office the position of Second Secretary to the Rt. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie King is held by James Gibson, former Rhodes' Scholar from U.B.C. "Jimmie" has gone far in Ottawa after a career which has been packed full of success. The Hon. Ian Mackenzie, Minister of Pensions and National Health, has recently acquired a new Associate Secretary in the person of James Macdonald, Arts '38, a graduate of Osgoode Hall and a former Vancouver lawyer. The Hon. Mr. Coldwell, C.C.F. leader, has also picked a U.B.C. man as his secretary. Alex Macdonald, Arts '39, holds this position. Alex was a very prominent debator at U.B.C. in his day, as indeed was his- brother Jim mentioned above. The National Film Board has numerous B. C. people in its ranks. Among these, two of the more prominent are Dick Jarvis, former head of the campus Film Society ,and Jim Beveridge. This article has mentioned only a few of the many U.B.C. people who live and work in the shadow of the Parliament Buildings. There are a goodly number more in the Ontario city and their number is being added to almost daily. If you're in the East and a bit homesick, just drop up to Ottawa and walk down Parliament Hill. You'll probably think you're at Point Grey again. Northern Construction Company & J. W. Stewart Limited Engineers and General Contractors 736 GRANVILLE ST. VANCOUVER, B.C. MArine 4535 36 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ..-, i-'ii&i^&SS^SSfis; I MS TAIL HEAPS FOR KEEPS ^^^^f^^^^^^l^^^^^' Custom Designing and Manufacturing of Special Equipment and Machinery for the Basic Industries of Western Canada LOGGING - SAWMILL -FISHING -MARINE - MINING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT TO MEET CUSTOMER'S REQUIREMENTS HEAPS ENGINEERING (1940) LIMITED NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C. In Stock for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT FIBERGLAS ("It Lasts Because It's Glass") No. 60 Molded PIPE INSULATION Sizes: Vz" to 12" • High Insulating Efficiency. • Light Weight. • Not Affected by Moisture. • Easy to Apply. F. DREXEL CO. LTD. Telephone HAstings 5241-2 831 POWELL ST. VANCOUVER, B. C. \What Drex Sells Excels We Inspect, Test and analyze all articles of Commerce. We design mixes for Quality Concrete. . Mill Inspection. Steel, Cast Iron, Treated Timber, etc. Complete mill tests on ores. G. S. ELDRIDGE & CO. LTD. Inspecting and Testing ENGINEERS 567 HORNBY ST. VANCOUVER The procedure of rock excavation on big construction work by means of diamond drilling is somewhat novel. Drilling and blasting of the rock work on the West Cut of the Raft-Finlayson Lake Canals was planned and carried out by Boyles Bros. Drilling Co., Ltd., using Boyles Bros. Diamond Drills. This sub-contract brought out the following distinct advantages for the Diamond Drilling method: • Leaves smooth surface on sidewalls. • Excess yardage is eliminated because of the absence of overbreak. • Level floor at grade is assured at primary shot. • Good powder distribution tends to the minimum use of explosives. • Little secondary breaking is required. When these factors are taken into consideration, the cost and speed compare favorably with any other method of rock excavation. This is another instance of the leading part taken by Boyles Bros. Drilling Co., Ltd., in more effective and wider applications of diamond drilling. Whatever your drilling problems, consult your nearest Boyles Bros. Office. BOYLES BROS ^"DRILLING CD LTD DIAMOND DRILLING CONTRACTORS AND MANUFACTURERS Little secondary breaking is required. Port Arthur, Ont Vancouver, B.C Kirkland Lake, Ont. Melbourne, Australia. [1 & Smith Ltd., h^fcsnt ?.in/i.
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The Graduate Chronicle Jun 30, 1944
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Title | The Graduate Chronicle |
Publisher | Vancouver : Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia |
Date Issued | 1944-06 |
Subject |
University of British Columbia. Alumni Association |
Geographic Location | Vancouver (B.C.) |
Genre |
Periodicals |
Type |
Text |
File Format | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Notes | Titled "[The] Graduate Chronicle" from April 1931 - October 1948; "[The] UBC Alumni Chronicle" from December 1948 - December 1982 and September 1989 - September 2000; "[The] Alumni UBC Chronicle" from March 1983 - March 1989; and "Trek" from March 2001 onwards. |
Identifier | LH3.B7 A6 LH3_B7_A6_1944_06 |
Collection |
University Publications |
Source | Original Format: University of British Columbia. Archives. |
Date Available | 2015-07-15 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from the University of British Columbia Alumni Association. |
Catalogue Record | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=2432419 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0224166 |
Aggregated Source Repository | CONTENTdm |
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