SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 A YEAR March THE WESTERN WORLD. 1890 Office of . JAMES SCOTT, ,eal Estate Agent, Cor. Main & Queen St. E„ Winnipeg. Below I submit a partial list of Wild Lands and Improved Farms for sale in the WINNIPEG DISTRICT. Every farm guaranteed as good as represented. The prices speak for themselves. UNT3IPItOVED LANDS. W£ sec 26, tp 11, r 2 E, only half mile from the Driving Park. 160 acres arable land, balance good hay. §>18 per acre, very easy terms. W| 20, 11, 2 E. 6J miles from City Hall. $12 per acre. SEJ-andS Jof NEi-30, 11, 2E. $12 per acre. S E i 31 & N i of N E i 30, 11, 2 E- $10 per acre. S E i and S J of N E i 4, 12, 2 E. $2,500. S E I and S i of N E i 27,12, 2 E. $7 per acre. N WJ & N* of S Wi-30, SW}&W£ofSE£31 and N § of 31, 12, 2 E. 800 acres, of which 500 acres is high arable land, balance excellent hay. This can be bought now at $5 per acre and is well worth $8 per acre. Also N W J 33 & E * of N E i 32, 12, 2 E, at $6. 230 acres of this is good arable land. First-class water can be got on any of the above at a depth of 20 feet' In township 12, range 1 East, I have the following at $5 per acre; all Al farms for mixed farming, not one of them containing less than 150 acres of arable land ; good water at 20 feet: S E i and S h of N E i sec. 25, SW J and W i of NW-J sec! 23, N Ei 22 and S i of S E* 27, NEi and EJ of N W J 31, W £ of WJ 31 and N E136, 12, 1W. Some nice bluffs of poplar on last two pieces. S E116 and N i of NE 19. 12, 1E. $6 per acre. SE i and E i of SW-|1, 12, IE.' $8 per acre. Adjoining the Gerrie farm. N E1 and E J of N W i 20, U, 1 E. $10 per acre. Close to Sturgeon Creek. . S EI and S i of N E £ 12 and S E J13 and N * of'•' N EJ12, 12, 1 W. Half mile west of Rosser Station. 480 acres of beautiful land. Only $8 per ac. NE£andN*.ofSE|24, N WJ-24 and E * of N Ei23andSWi&S£of NWJ25, 11, 1 W. 720 acres of choice land, half a mile from the " Egan Farm." Only $6 per acre. ^ Parts of 18,19, 20, 21 and 28,12, 3 E. 144(^cres. Only 7i miles from City Hall. The only large block of land for sale close to the city. $7 per acre, well worth $10 per acre. NE i and E i of NW| 10, 14, 1 W. 7 miles from Stonewall. A first-class farm, only $3 per acre. Close to school, church and post office. SEi20andNJof NEil7, 13, 1W. Onemile from Hanlan P. O. $3 per acre. IMPROVED FARMS. One improved farm of 144 acres, half mile west of Driving Park ; all fenced; 80 acres cultivated ; 73 acres fall plowed. New barn and frame house. $25 per acre. School across the road. 240 acres a little nort-west of the Driving Park. New frame buildings; good well; 35 acres cultivated and fenced. $3,000. 240 acres 18 miles north-west of the city ; well sheltered ; 60 acres broken and fenced; large frame house; frame granary ; frame stable 30 x 100 feet, board roof, with a first-class well inside ; 16 good grade cows and heifers',- in calf, 10 head of A1 young stock, an A1 bull, span of large bay mares, 1 young mare and gelding, 1 pony, 2 hogs ; all the implements, harness, furniture, house and dairy utensils,—for $4,000. This is one of the best bargains I have ever offered, and has only been in my hands for sale two days. ■ ' Also an improved farm of 400 acres on the Red River, in St Pauls Parish. Three in Headingly and five in St. Francois Xavier. The above is only a partial list, but ail extra good bargains. JAMES SCOTT, Real Estate Agent, Winnipeg. p .c7?Yt*Wr h NIXON & CO., Real Estate & Mining Exchange fc^^^Bn Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, City, Farm and Mining Properties for sale. . Correspondence solicited. Call on or address \ J. E. MILLS & CO., L'4* 543 Main Street, Winnipeg-,Man. 'J AGENTS FOR MERRICK, ANDERSON & CO., Commission Merchants, 99 and 101 Princess Street, Goodyear Rabbet* Co. OF CANADA. WINNIPEG. 4+w j L24W 525 Main Street, WINNIPEG. EEAL ESTATE • Offices-343 Main Street. WINNIPEG. Telephone 608. WINNIPEG. L So w STEVENS & BURNS, MANUFACTURERS Threshing Engines — ANO— J. I.C. SEPARATORS. ALSO AGENTS FOR J rte or h ay Presses OSLER, HAMMOND & NANTON, 381 Main St., Winnipeg. ^%o* sf^ FULL LINE OF REPAIRS FOE MACHINES Kept constant] v on hand. For full particulars, -write Box 657, WINNIPEG, In the best districts of Manitoba, on most favorable terms of payment. WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE AND MAP. 1.4SW Or apply to Local Agents. AIKINS & MONTGOMERY, AND Real Estate Agents, 451 Main St., Winnipeg. 1-53 LOANS AT LOWEST CURRENT RATES OF INTEREST- No Commission. No Fines. No Delay. Loans Completed in Winnipeg-. loans Renewed without cost. Ask your Storekeeper for it. If he does not keep it, write STEPHEN NAIRN, Oatmeal Mill, 2?w WINNIPEG. Man. SCRIP BOUGHT AND SOLD. FARMERS Save about 25 cents per acre By Paying for Pre-Emptions in Scrip.' write TO Osler, Hammond & Nanton, 381 Main Street, corner Lombard Street, L 25 W WINNIPEG. Send in your Orders early before the rush for CREAMERS, CREAM CANS, MILK PANS, PAILS, ETC. bAm 530 MAIN ST., WINNIPEG. WHOLES ALE DEALERS IN COPP BROS. STOVES. Agents for the Metallic Roofing Go. MANUFACTURERS OF TINWARE AND DEALERS IN HARDWARE, GRANITE WARE, COPPER WARE, SETTLERS' OUTFITS, ETC., ETC. |i1 m. -*- esters World. Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year 1S90, by Acton Burrows, at the Department of Agriculture. Volume 1. WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, CANADA, MARCH, 1890. Number 1 WINNIPEG. & ?*y i THE CAPITAL OF THE WESTERN PRAIRIES. The Past, Present and Future of the Keystone City. G-LIMPSES OF THE PAST. By C. N. Bell, F. R. G. S., President of Manitoba Historical Society. As early as 1736 a party of French adventurers from Quebec, under command of La Verendrye, who had authority from the French authorities to penetrate into the interior of the country to the west of Lake Superior, arrived at the mouth of the Assinaboine, where it merges its waters with that of the Red river. The Assinaboine, so named from the tribe of Indians of that name living in its vicinity, was rechristen- ed the St Charles, and after- - ward the Upper Red river. At the junction of the two rivers a post was established, with the name of Fort Rouge, and, according to an eye witness, the ruins of such a post were plainly discernible in 1800 on the point where the Hudson's Bay company's mill now stands. In 1763 occurred the conquest of Canada by Great Britain, and some fifteen or twenty years after fur traders from Canada began to seek the Northwest fur trade with the Indians. In' 1783 a powerful company of fur traders was formed in Montreal, consolidating the interests of several small private concerns who had been struggling with each other for some time. This company- bore the title of the Northwest Fur company, and it soon began to push its operations inland to even the Athabasca and McKenzie rivers. The trade of the Red river seems to have been, for some unaccountable reason, almost neglected, and it was only towards the close of the last century that we find mention made of the establishment of posts on the upper waters of what we now call the Red river. The point between the Red and Assinaboine rivers was known to the fur traders at that time, and for fully twenty-five years after, as "The Forks." The Hudson's Bay company had long confined their trade to the neighborhood of Hudson's Bay—in- • deed, from 1670 to 1774, they had not established posts on the banks of the streams flowing into Lake Winnipeg. It is most likely that their first post on the Red river was established as late as 1796. For some years The Forks was resorted to simply as a camping place for the boat brigades passing up the Assineboine river, whereon numerous forts were erected by the Northwest company, the Hudson's Bay company, and a new body of traders who styled themselves the X Y company. The last company was short-lived, amalgamating with the Northwest company in 1804. About 1803 Alexander Henry, of the Northwest company, who was in charge of the Red River district, sent a party of his men to build at The Forks the post afterwards named Fort Gibraltar, which at first probably only consisted of one or two buildings, for there is a record later on of a more extensive establishment than existed at this time. That a post of the Northwest company was maintained at The Forks in 1803 and 1804 is settled by the journal of Alexander Henry, which is still in manuscript- The . writer extracted from that journal amongst other items, the following statement of the trade of The Forks establishment during the winters of 1803 and 1804, when Mr. T)orion was in charge: 356 beavers, l0 black bears, 1 brown bear, 76 wolves, 8 foxes, 25 racoons, 36 fishers, 26 otters, 20 martens, 13 minks, 3 wolverines, 15 lynxes, 6 moose skins, etc., 22 parchments, etc. As trading posts existed at Rosseau river and Pembina the same year, it may be accepted that the above furs were obtained from animals killed in the vicinity of Winnipeg. By the erection of Gibraltar, the foundation of the future commercial greatness of the town was laid in 1803 as well, for ever since that date mercantile business has flourished within what are now the limits of the city of Winnipeg. The old Fort Gibraltar had both parks and natural farms ninety years ago. Henry informs us incidentally, on two or three occasions, that he visited The Forks to enjoy himself. After describing the heavy woods All THAT REMAINS OF EORT GARRY. which covered the country south from the Assinaboine, near The Forks, to the Salle river, he says he caught a number of whitefish, sturgeon and goldeyes, while the women gathered hazel nuts, red and choke cherries, Pembina berries, three kinds of plums and wild grapes, the men going out on the prairie "towards little Stony Mountain" and returning with the carcasses of cow buffaloes, which they had killed, varying this amusement by bringing in red deer and bears, which were here in great abundance. Wild fowl in great numbers frequented the mouth of the Assinaboine, and the rapids at St. Andrew's was a favorite resort of pelicans. Nature evidently boomed the wild animal, water fowl and fruit features of Winnipeg at that early date. That the present site of Winnipeg was early recognized as a central one for the distribution of supplies is shown by the custom pursued by the traders of landing here to assort and repack the outfits for distribution to the posts south and west. The Ojibway and Snake Indians, who frequented the country bordering about the mouth of the Assinaboine during the first part of the present century, at least on one occasion entrenched themselves in pits at The Forks on account of a threat ened attack of the Sioux, which is the first military operation recorded in the history of Winnipeg. The Hudson's Bay company began to push to up the Red river about 1796, and during the next decade had placed trading posts in the vicinity of those of the Northwest company, with the exception of at The Forks. In 1811 Lord Selkirk, after controlling a large share of the stock of the Hudson's Bay company, secured from it a grant of land along the Red and Assinaboine rivers, covering an area of some 116,000 square miles, under the claim of that country that their charter gave them control of the country described, which claim was contested by the Canadian fur traders. Lord Selkirk issued a most glowing description of the land, climate and general advantages to be gained by persons joining with him in settling in this tract of country, and induced a number of persons in Scotland and Ireland to avail themselves of what a writer in 1817 describes as the benefits of "liberty, of conscience, freedom from taxes and tithes, and all the temptations of a land of promise painted in most glowing colors." The party sailed in the spring of 1811 for York Factory, but on arriving there found the season too far advanced to proceed on their journey to Red river. They accordingly wintered at York factory, and suffered severely before they arrived at the Red river during the next year. Miles Macdon- nell was in charge of the party, and on arrival in the vicinity of The Forks, he paraded them, and exhibited his commission as governor of the colony, which apparently was the first occasion of such an official making his debut in this district. Other parties were sent out in 1813 and 1814 to augment the number of the first arrivals. The latter behaved in an arbitrary manner to the Northwest company's people, which was at once resented by them, as they viewed the settling of the country and claims of Lord Selkirk as illegal and unjustified, claiming that they had taken possession of the Red river country as traders from Canada half a century before the people of the Hudson's Bay company had ventured into it. A struggle for supremacy at once began between the rival companies and resulted in bloodshed on more than one occasion, and the total destruction of the property of the Selkirk settlers, who were generally simply onlookers. On March 17, 1816, the Hudson's Bay company people, who had a fort at Point Douglas, about three-quarters of a mile below The Forks, attacked Fort Gibraltar, of the Northwest company, at the mouth of the Assinaboine, captured the inmates, ransacked their stores, and finally razed the buildings to the ground, carrying away the timbers to Fort Douglas to use for their own purposes. Five days later they attacked the Northwest company's fort at Pembina and destroyed it also. In the following spring the employees of the Northwest company came into collision with the Hudson's Bay company's people, under Gov. Semple, a few miles north of the present city limits, and it resulted in the death of Gov. Semple and about twenty of his men, while only one Indian on the side of the Northwesters was killed. Then matters were in a very disturbed state until the coalition of these two powerful companies in 1820-21, when the Hudson's Bay company established themselves at The Forks and opened stores to supply the settlers, traders and Indians with' goods, so another era in the trade of Winnipeg was entered on. The Fort Garry, of which only the xi \-.^-- ^ - - THE WESTERN WORED. March J w> ruined back gateway, here illustrated, now stands, was erected in 1835 by Gov. Christie. The people who from time to time came to the country settled along the banks of the Red and Assinaboine rivers, .those of the same nationality- generally settling in ' localities by themselves. The Hudson's Bay company bad repurchased in 1836 all Lord Selkirk's rights in the settlement for the sum of ,£25,000, -and according to Sir George Simpson, afterward sold land to settlers for seven shillings and sixpence, or five shillings an acre, according to location. The land was conveyed under lease for 999 years, and the holder agreed not to traffic in furs, violate any. of the chartered privileges of the company, evade any of the restrictions governing the laws relating to the distillation of spirits, etc. • Owing to dissatisfaction in the settlement and to reported American intrigues, a body of British regular troops was sent out from England to Fort Garry in 1846, under command of Col. J. F. Crofton, consisting of 383 persons, covering detachments from the Sixth Foot, Royal Artil-' lery and Civil Engineers. Of these, twenty men remained in the country. James Irwin, of Winnipeg, Charles Lant, of St. James, and Richard Salter, of the Boyne, are the only survivors to- day. These troops returned to England in 1848, and in that year were succeeded by a corps of fifty-six pensioners, under the command of Lieut. Col. Caldwell, many of whom afterwards settled in the country with Lieut. Col. Caldwell as gov- cast in their lot with the Canadians who began to flock into the settlement. Winnipeg, which was incorporated as a city in 1874, rapidly increased in population for a time, but as the supplies were brought through the United States and down the Red River in steamboats, the cost of removing from Eastern Canada and the high values placed on all necessaries of life proved a check to the settlement of the .Province until in 1879, when the railway from Winnipeg south to the International Boundary opened for business in connection with the American line running to St Paul. In 1880 came th^ beginning of the great land boom when settlers and money for investment came pouring in, and within a year the population of Winnipeg had increased from about 6,000 to 12,000. In the spring of 1881 the Canadian Pacific Railway Company began active operations, and within a few months the population numbered fully 20,000. Since the close of the boom' period the city has steadily progressed and is adding regnlarlv to its population, which now numbers about 27,000. WINNIPEG'S POSITION. The geographical position of Winnipeg may be described briefly as follows : It is situated at the junction of the Assiniboine River with the Red River along the west bank of the latter stream. It is about 40 miles south of Lake Winnipeg, and is the great central mart for Canada between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, within the limits of a circle described at a distance of 150 miles from the City, she is the objective point for all the trade arising from the development and cultivation of varied industries and natural productions. So completely is Winnipeg the central point in the Canadian West, that not a passenger, nor a letter, nor a pound of freight is transported in Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific, or indeed from the east to any point in the Canadian prairie lands, but is routed via Winnipeg. Railways strike out from the City like branches from the parent stem of a tree. Those actually constructed are as follows: East and -west, the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The Emerson branch, running to the international boundary line and connecting with the United States system of railroads. The Pembina Mountain branch, running' to the boundary line and extending through the south-western portion of the Province. The Southwestern Colonization Railway, supplying the country south of the Assiniboine River and contemplated to be continued to the Souris coal fields."' ■ The Selkirk branch, running down the -west bank of Red River to near Lake Winnipeg. The Stonewall branch, through a good section of coun- try-to the north-west of the City. The Hudson's | Bay Railway, forty miles of which are completed," The main line of the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway, south to the international boundary ernor of the colony. Again, in 1857, 100 men of the Royal Canadian Rifles were sent around by the Hudson's Bay, like the others, leaving Canada for that purpose, aud were likewise quartered at Fort Garry. It is not known to most people at least, that three different expeditions of troops were sent to Fort Garry before the Riel rebellion of 1869-70, when what is called the first Red River expedition, composed of regular troops and Canadian volunteers, was dispatched from Ontario and Quebec, and arrived here in August, 1870, to find that Riel had fled. It was from this date that Winnipeg, as a place distinct from the Hudson's Bay company's Fort Garry, became known. On the arrival of the troops in 1870, the village consisted of a collection of about twenty-seven* houses, centering about the present site of the post office, the population only numbering about 100 or 150. Under the terms of the agreement between the Dominion Government and the Hudson's Bay Company a large block of land about Fort Garry was reserved by the latter for their own purposes, the balance of the territory included within the ill-defined limits of the village of Winnipeg, being owned by McDermot, Bannatyne, Schultz, Ross, Logan and others, who had the river lots, which, with a few chains frontage on the river, ran back two miles. In the spring of 1871 the Ontario and Quebec volunteers were disbanded and returned to their homes, though many remained in Manitoba to A SCENE IN ST. BONIFACE—FROM WINNIPEG. 66 north of the international boundary line between the United States and Canada. Practically speaking it is on the eastern edge of the great prairie country which extends in this latitude from the line of the Red River, west to the Rocky Mountains. Ever since white men explored what is now known as the Canadian Northwest, the site of Winnipeg has been recognized as a central one for all matters of trade. It has been aptly - expressed that " Winnipeg is the neck of a double funnel whose mouths gather the traffic of an empire and three oceans, the Atlantic, Pacific, and great lakes. With the growth of the West and ever increasing wants of the East, who will set a limit to prairie products when the iron, coal, oil, salt, and other products of near tributary districts are developed, aud the fertile Province of Manitoba be under grain and cattle." One illustration to show how thoroughly central Winnipeg's local position is as regards the different known resources of the surrounding country. To the east are the mining and timber districts of the Lake of the Woods ; to the north the mineral deposits, timber areas and great fisheries of Lake Winnipeg; to the north-west the timber, salt deposits and fisheries of Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis; to the west and south the fertile grain lands' which stand un- i rivalled in producing the finest of all wheat known in the markets of the world. In all these. directions are even now to be found vast herds of cattle, I horses, sheep and other live stock. Thus it will be seen that, independent of the fact that Winnipeg line. The Portage branch of the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway to Portage la Prairie, on the west. Nearly all these lines have branches of sub-branches tributary to them which act as feeders and give access to Winnipeg from all parts of the Province and North-West Territories, yet within reach of any line of rail. Two Railway lines projected south-easterly have also been incorporated, and the intention of these corporations is to construct lines south-easterly to the international boundary line, and there join with the Duluth and Winnipeg Railway in a direct route to Duluth. Part of the line is already graded and active operations will follow the opening of the spring season. The Winnipeg Transfer Railway is in operation from the south to the north ends of the City, along the river front. Probably no other commercial city in the world, of its size, has such a complete railroad system as the above is shown to be. While the Red River inordinary seasons gives a depth of water sufficient to permit of navigation by large river steamers from the international boundary to Lake Winnipeg, some improvements are necessary at extreme low water to enable lake vessels to ascend the river to Winnipeg, but the character of the obstructions is trivial, and the Dominion Government are now taking steps to remove them, so that large lake vessels can pursue their course from the City to the north end of Lake Winnipeg, a distance of over 300 miles. Unlimited supplies of iron ore of the richest quality,, V •* ' — 1890 THE WESTERN WORED. as proved by practical tests at American smelting furnaces, exist at Lake Winnipeg in juxtaposition to immense tracts of timber suitable for the production of charcoal. Lumber and firewood are brought to the City from the lake, but the transshipment at Selkirk adds to the cost to an extent that takes the trade to the other districts. On .the improvement of the Red River, however, lumber will come direct from the mills by vessel to the City docks at a minimum cost. Even under the present difficulties 7,000,000 feet of lumber were cut at the Lake saw mills in 1889, and' an immense quantity of firewood was floated into the Red River. The customs returns for 1889 show that fresh fish amounting to 1,781,587 pounds were exported from Winnipeg to the United States during that year. These shipments were consigned to points in the United States as far east as New York and west to Denver, a fact that speaks loudly for the quality of the fish. When to these figures are added the great quantities locally consumed and shipped to Eastern Canada, and which are not in- population of the village of Winnipeg, more generally known as Fort Garry. In 1874, when a city charter was secured, the population had reached 3,000; in 1876 to 6,500; in 1880 to 20,- 000; in 1889 to 24,500; and this spring the estimate of the assessment commissioner is that there are between 26,500 and 27,000 inhabitants within the City limits. The assessment for 1889 was as follows :— Lands $10,402,410 Buildings 5,925,700 Personal 2,279,750 $18,607,860 Exemptions, including churches, public buildings, &c, amounted in value to $3,599,150, making a total value of $22,207,010. In 1874 the assessment of the City amounted to $2,676,018, and in 1881 to $9,196,435. NORTHWEST FARMING. Persons thinking of settling in the Canadian Northwest, or on the Pacific Coast, will find in The WESTERN World much-anformation- that'is certain to be of considerable value and interest to them, aud each issue will well repay their careful perusal. Those contemplating engaging in farming may, however, and doubtless will wish for some more detailed information, and will act wisely if they take an agricultural paper, so that by the time they arrive in their new homes they may have some knowledge of the farming system of the country. The Western World has every confidence in recommending such persons to subscribe to the Nor'-West Farmer, which is an illustrated paper devoted to stock raising, grain growing and every detail of Northwest agriculture. It is the only agricultural paper published in Canada between" Lake Superior and the 'Pacific Coast, and is consequently the sole authority on farming in Mani- cluded in the export statement, it will be seen that even in this direction there is a good trade in natural resources already existing having Winnipeg as its centre. Via Lake Winnipeg there is a transportation business conducted which furnishes, by steamers on the Saskatchewan River and a short tramway transfer at the mouth of that river, a route by water from Winnipeg to the settlements along the North Saskatchewan even to near the foot of the Rocky Mountains. A company is now chartered, having for its object the construction of a short canal to unite the waters of the Assiniboine River with Lake Manitoba, and this work, with the water power improvements in the Assiniboine at Winnipeg now in the hands of the City Council for construction or transferring to a company, will ultimately open a water route in that direction reaching for some hundreds of miles inland. By no better means can the permanent and successful growth of Winnipeg be shown than by a review of the population statistics of the pas"t two decades. In 1870 215 souls comprised the MAP OF RAILWAYS CENTERING IN WINNIPEG. SONNET. From The Week. There is a forest in the wild North land So weird aud grim the very lynxes thread, With quickened pulse, its glades and shadows dread. The iasfored stems, black and fire-blasted, stand ii i Close-rooted m the dull and barren sand ; And over league-long hills and valleys spread Those ruined woods—a forest dark and dead— A giant wreck in desolation grand. So, in that inner world—the mind of man— Are wastes which once were leaf-adorned and dear ; Where beauty throve till fires of passion ran, And blighted all. When to such deserts drear The spirit turns, in retrospection wan, The proudest starts, the boldest shrinks in fear ! C. Mair. Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. toba, Assiniboia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. It has on its staff practical men of long experience in the Northwest, and its large circulation throughout the immense.territory above mentioned is conclusive evidence of the value in which it is held by men actually engaged, in "farming. Its subscription price is $1 a year or 4s. 6d. in British sterling money. An advertisement of it appears in another column of this issue. —» ♦ «— Speaking in the Manitoba Legislature recently, in moving the address in reply to the speech from the throne, Mr. Thomson, member for Emerson, said the Government were to be complimented on the success of their immigration policy; and he was glad to see that they intended to extend their system. He hoped their operations would be extended to Great Britain and Europe. A glance at the increase in land sales by large corporations during the past year was an indication of the increase of the farming population throughout the province. // J THE WESTERN WORED. March \t THE RAILWAY SYSTEMS. GLANCE) at the accompanying map will show that Winnipegoccupies a position which may be likened to the hub of a wheel, the spokes radiating from which in every direction are represented by lines of railway. Owing to its geographical advantages the city was, as early as 1879 selected as the point at which to establish a western railway centre, it being then determined to make it the point of crossing the Red River by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and hence of necessity the place from which all branch lines would radiate and to which all connecting lines would be tributary. First in importance is the vast transcontinental system of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the main Red River 23 miles north from Winnipeg to Selkirk, and the Stonewall branch extends from Winnipeg northwest to Stonewall 19 miles. This is over a portion of the route of the original main line. The General Superintendent of the Western Division of the Canadian Pacific, Mn William Whyte, whose headquarters are in Winnipeg, has under his control a little over 2000 miles of road. This system gives the C. P. R. the control of nine-tenths of the carrying trade of the country. The annual traffic originating on the division and passing over it is enormous, but the equipment of the road is fully up to the requirements. Every accommodation has been provided for shippers and travellers, and the facilities at each station are as complete as the volume of business warrants. Although long without a competitor in its field the company has ever shown a desire to deal fairly with its patrons, and this fact probably accounts for it retaining its old customers at the few points now tapped by a rival road. The company has been astonishingly enterprising in its service. It introduced the colonist sleepers, a great boon to immigrants and people travelling on second-class tickets. It is the only line that has been built and owns its own sleeping cars, made after the pattern of the Pullman cars, but in some respects improved. Owing to its splendid service it has become popular with tourists and transcontinental travellers, as well as with Manitobans and Nor'- Westers. The magnificent hotel at Banff and the elegant dining halls at Field and Glacier are other pany's work here is greater than many suppose, and a first visit to the yards is sure to furnish a surprise. The yard comprises forty miles of sidings, a fact that will give some idea of the work done here by the company. The shops are the largest in Canada west of Toronto, and are equipped with all the machinery necessary for doing everything in railroad mechanism but constructing locomotives. As the system is extended the extent and importance of these headquarter's shops, offices and departments will have a corresponding growth. THE M. & N. W. RAILWAY. At Portage la Prairie. 56 miles west of Winnipeg, the Manitoba & Northwestern Railway com^ mences, extending 205 miles northwesterly to Saltcoats, in the provisional district of Assiniboia. It has two branches, one of 15 miles from Minne- dosa to Rapid City, and one of 11 miles from Bin- scarth to Russell. The country traversed by the M. & N. W. R. is a most picturesque and diversified one, admirably adapted for mixed farming, especially stock raising and dairying. There was /but a sparse settlement in the northwestern part of Manitoba before the advent of the M. & N. W.»R., but subsequent to the extension of the line from point to point, a considerable proportion of the immigration of the past seven or eight years* has found its way into that promising district, and to-* day there are numerous thriving agricultural settlements and flourishing towns contiguous! to THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S STORE, WINNIPEG. line of which passes through the city extending eastward 1904 miles to St. John, N. B., and westward 1482 miles to Vancouver, B. Ct, the longest uninterrupted through all rail line in the world under one management. Daily passenger trains pass through Winnipeg from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Pacific to the Atlantic, the equipment being as thorough as skill and money can devise. Each transcontinental train includes luxurious sleeping and dining cars, and comfortable colonist sleeping cars are provided for the accommodation of second-class passengers. No less than six branches of the Canadian Pacific radiate from Winnipeg. East of the Red River the Emerson branch, 66 miles, connects with the Minnesota system of the Great Northern Railway which has its head quarters at St. Paul, Minnesota. This branch was the first portion of the Canadian Pacific built in Manitoba and for several years was the route over which passed all the traffic between Winnipeg and the east. West of the Red River another branch of 69 miles runs to Gretna where it connects with the Dakota system of the Great Northern Railway. This route is now used for the through passenger and mail trains to St. Paul, Chicago, etc. From Rosenfeld Junction, on this branch the Pembina Mountain branch runs eastward for 146 miles through the southern portion of the Province to Deloraine. The Southwestern branch runs southwest from Winnipeg to Glenboro, 104 miles, with a spur track to Carman of six miles. The Selkirk branch runs west of the evidences of the company's enterprise in.catering to the needs and comfort of travellers. In connection with the freight traffic department there are nearly 200 elevators and flat warehouses on the C. P. R. western division, with a capacity of. 6,132,900 bushels. Large terminal elevators are located at Fort William and owned by the company. They have a capacity of 2,500,000 bushels. The capacity of the other elevators and warehouses range from 1,000 to 300,000 bushels. There are also nineteen flour mills on the western divisions with a total daily capacity of 4,595 barrels per day. The daily capacity of the largest one is 1,200 barrels, and the others range from 50 to 1,000 barrels. There are also three oatmeal mills on the main line, with an aggregate daily capacity of 275 barrels. To operate the western division the company employs an average of 3,054 men all the year round. Nearly a third of the staff is maintained in Winnipeg, the headquarters on the division. The busiest place in the city is- in and about the C. P. R. general offices and yards. A small army of men is at work there every day in the car shops, freight sheds, offices and numerous other departments, attending to the large amount of work that centres here for the whole division. The merchants of Winnipeg derive a goodly proportion of their business directly and indirectly from money spent by company in wages and otherwise, and they the rightly regard the C. P. R. as the leading support of the local trade. The magnitude of the com- the road. Stock raising in that section is keeping pace with grain growing, and promises to become a source of wealth to the farmers. Senator San- ford has a ranch at Westbourne on which he has a large herd of grade and thoroughbred cattle. Mr. Walter Lynch's well known herd of thoroughbreds are in the same neighborhood, and there are also several other prominent herds. Further up the line is the Binscarth farm, on which there is one of the finest herds of thoroughbred Durhams in Canada. There are, in addition to these, many smaller herds which are steadily growing in value and importance. Dr. Barnardo's industrial farm is located at Russell, in connection with which there is a large herd of cattle and a model creamery. Extensive shipments of beef cattle were made from various points along ihe line last year to Montreal, destined for the British markets, and reports from the east state that they were equal to any cattle that were received from the prairie country. The grain growing industry is extending rapidly, - and the settlements along the line contribute a fair quota to the wheat exports of Manitoba and the Northwest. In the seasons of 1884-5 the grain shipments from points along the line were but trifling; in the following seasons the}- increased to 363,000 bushels, while in the season of 1887-8 they reached 1,600,000 bushels, certainly a capital showing for what cannot be regarded otherwise than a newly settled country. The chief towns along the line are Gladstone, Neepawa, Minnedosa, Rapid City, Birtle, Russell, 1890 THE WESTERN WORED. $ * m Solsgirth, Saltcoats, and Shoal Lake. Grain elevators have been erected at Neepawa, Minnedosa, Shoal Lake and Millwood, and there are one or more flat grain warehouses at almost every station, giving a storage capacity.of about 300,000 bushels. There are also flour mills at Neepawa, Minnedosa, Rapid City and Shoal Lake. There is also a woolen mill at Rapid City combined with the flour mill. THE N. P. &. M. RAILWAY. The Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway, a company organized under the laws of Manitoba, is practically a portion of the Northern Pacific Railway system,of the United States. Its main line runs from Winnipeg west of the Red River south to West Lynne, where it connects with the Dakota system of the Northern Pacific, affording' through connection with St. Paul arfd other United States points. A branch extends from Winnipeg, south of the Assiniboine River, to Pcrtage la Prairie, 56 miles. From Morris, 40 miles south of Winnipeg, a branch is being built northwesterly to Brandon, 120 miles having been completed to date. A number of grain elevators have been erected along the line. Extensive workshops, large and handsome head offices and a covered station have been erected by the Company in Winnipeg, and work has been commenced on a magnificent seven storey hotel immediately adjacent to the station. The offices, station and hotel buildings will entail an expenditure of about $400,000. •vl REALTY IN WINNIPEG. By S. A. Rowbotham. been manifested, with the promise of a substan- stial increase of values in the future. To-day the values of realty in Winnipeg may be quoted as follows :— The growth of Winnipeg, from a population of 300 in 1870 to 6,000 in 1880 and from that to 27,000 in 1890, although not rivalling the phenomenal development of certain western cities during the last few years is yet sufficiently remarkable to attract attention, and to distinguish it as one of the most promising cities of the West. Situated at the junction of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers, two of the most important streams of the Canadian Northwest, it was early selected by the Hudson's Bay Company as the centre of their operations in this country, and notwithstanding the great changes which have taken place during the last j two decades, the advent of railways and the settlement of the country, no other town or city j has yet risen which can even claim pretensions j as a rival to this the natural distributing centre I and metropolis of the Northwest. The political, educational, monetary and commercial centre of j the Northwest, Winnipeg is to-day the largest i and most important prairie city north of St. Paul and Minneapolis. The growth of Winnipeg 'from 1870 to 1880 was due entirely to the natural advantages of its position and the enterprise of its inhabitants, for | it was not favored with railways as a means of communication with the outside world or points I Highest retail business property Ordinary first-class '' Best wholesale Best residence 'i'"'-"- Ordinary " " Mechanics " " .. $6oo per foot frontage ..$200 to $300 '■ ..50 " 100 " .. 20 !' 3S ,"" .. 10 " 12 "'$!&& •• 3 ' Acres within 2 to3miles of Post office.$100 to $300 per acre. To those who are acquainted with the values of realty in other cities these figures will sufficiently indicate that Winnipeg has not fully recovered from the effects produced by the collapse of the boom and the widespread ruin of property owners arising from the enormous shrinkage of values. Taking the average of cities of the size of Winnipeg, and with fair prospects of growth, values range about as follows:— Best retail business corner prop'y. Ordinary first-class property ' . Wholesale Best residence '* Ordinary " Mechanics " :' Acres within 2 to 3 miles of centre $700 to $Soo per ft. frtge. 300 " 400 ;"-!;/■ 100 " 200 " 3° " S° 20 sJfvtSp' IO " . .... $200 to $500 per acre. It will thus be seen that real estate here is on a very solid footing, with prospects altogether in favor of a considerable advance under ordinary conditions. Persons' intending to purchase real estate in any city for the purpose of making money out of the investment, usually enquire .what WINNIPEG, LOOKING SOUTH FROM PORTAGE AVENUE. OTHER LINES. h Of the Winnipeg & Hudson's Bay Railway, which is projected to run from Winnipeg to Hudson's Bay, where it will connect with steamr ers for Europe, 40 miles have been completed in a northwesterly direction to the vicinity of Lake Manitoba. Renewed interest is now being taken in this project, and there is a strong likelihood that construction will be continued this season and operation commenced. Two companies have charters for lines from Winnipeg southeasterly to a point on the international boundary, there to connect with an air line to Duluth, Minn. Both have commenced, grading operations, and at least one of them will almost certainly be pushed on this season. An examination of the map by the aid of these notes will show conclusively that the railway system has been so centred in Winnipeg as to literally drain the business of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories into this city from every direction. Owing to increase in traffic the C. P. R. are about to build seventeen new Mogul locomotives for the Rocky Mountain section at the shops in Montreal. It has been stated in the newspapers that the Imperial and Dominion Governments were arrange- ing to co-operate with Baron Hirsch in bringing into the Canadian Northwest several thousand Russian Jews at a cost to the Baron of a fabulous sum. . There is no truth in the statement so far as the Canadian Government is concerned. within the Province. Up to that date real estate had advanced steadily with the growth of the City, and there was nothing to indicate the approach of that period of wild and reckless speculation which coming a year later produced re- .sults which at the time assisted in building up the City, but subsequently retarded its healthy growth. The advent of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881 brought with it a large influx of people, raising the population of the City to about 20,000, and at the same time creating the most violent and remarkable real estate boom ever witnessed in America. It is no exaggeration to say that the prices realised in 1881 and 1882 would only have been warranted in a city of at least 100,000 population. The boom was short-lived, and in the spring of 1882 the downward movement commenced, and during the three years following real estate became demoralized, falling to a point below that reached prior to the commencement of the boom, notwithstanding that the population still remained at nearly 20,000, or three times as great as in 1880. It was not until 1886 that the first symptoms of a return of confidence were manifested, and that there could be said to be any real "bottom" to real estate values. The building of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Pacific Coast during those years carried immigration past our doors, and other events prevented that rapid recovery which might naturally have been expected in a western country possessing great natural resources and an unlimited area of fine agricultural laud. Thus we find that it is only during the last year that any real improvement has Let us see what backing ' 'backing'' the city has. Winnipeg has :— 1st. Railways. The Canadian Pacific makes Winnipeg its chief divisional point on the western division, and has very extensive workshops and round houses located here permanently under an agreement with the City and in consideration of a bonus of $200,000. Apart from the main line five branches of the C. P. R. centre in Winnipeg, making a large area of. country directly tributary to the City. The Northern Pacific and Manitqba Railway has its terminus and headquarters in Winnipeg, and has just completed the erection of extensive workshops and round houses in the city. Apart from the main line two branches make a further large area of country tributary to the city. This company is now erecting a handsome terminal hotel at a cost of upwards of $200,000. The Great Northern enters the city from Minnesota over the C.P.R. track. The Manitoba and Northwestern Railway, draining the northwestern portion of the Province, is reported to be seeking arrangements to run into Winnipeg making this its terminus instead of Portage la Prairie. The Hudson's Bay Railway is constructed for a distance of 40 miles out of the city but is not yet operated. A direct line from Winnipeg to Duluth is projected by several companies and one of these will certainly be constructed within the near future. The Winnipeg Transfer Railway was constructed last year and will probably be in operation in a few months. 2nd. Territory tributary to the city. On the west an area of agricultural land suitable for farming and grazing 1000 miles long bv an average of 400 6 THE WESTERN WORED. March miles wide. On the east about 130 miles distant, the finest mineral belt on the continent said to contain unlimited quantities of gold and silver is being opened out for the first time. As a distributing centre Winnipeg occupies a strong position, being separated by 1500 miles from the nearest wholesale centre in Canada and by 400 miles in the States. There are a number of large wholesale establishments in every line of trade. There are branches of six of the largest banks in Canada established here besides two local institutions. The manufacturing industries as might be expected are only in their infancy, but with the proposed development of the Assiniboine water power and a supply of cheap coal from the Souris there is no reason why in the course of a few years commodities now imported from Eastern Canada should not be largely manufactured here. The growth of Winnipeg is naturally dependent upon the increase of population in the Province and j in the Northwest Territories. Winnipeg having no rival to contest her claims to be the metropolis of the Northwest will grow in proportion to the influx of settlement into the country. What are the prospects of such influx ? It appears probable that in view of the rapid filling up of Dakota and the increasing pressure of population in the United States, this country must in the very near future attract a very large immigration. A temporary diversion of population is taking place to Washington territory and this has postponed the time when we might reasonably have expected that influx of people. Another year will probably exhaust the capacity of Washington territory to ASSINIBOINE WATER POWER. By Major H. N. Ruttan, C. E., Engineer of the City of Winnipeg. It is now generally recognized that, in order to insure its economic development and political independence, a State must be able to manufacture at least the necessaries of life. The wonderful development of the steam engine?- which has taken place in the last 40 years, and in which all civilized nations have borne a part has been due to the growing necessity for economical power for manufacturing. The largely increasing demand for cheap power where fuel is expensive has of late years attracted the attention of engineers and manufacturers both in Europe and America, with the result that the utilization and improvement of water powers has become very general; enabling manufactures to be undertaken where before they were impossible and even where cheap fuel is obtained competing on favorable terms with the steam engine. Volumes might be filled with examples of water power works constructed and in successful operation, and many others are now in course of construction and improvement. Among the new works may be mentioned Spokane Falls, Grand Falls, and new works in the Mississippi at St Cloud and Minneapolis. The fact that the development of water power was, for -a time, neglected has led to the very common supposition that water power was old fashioned and could not compete on equal terms with steam. This idea has however been completely exploded that its capacity can be increased to 10,000 horse power at lowest water by connecting it with Lake , Manitoba, and the Saskatchewan River, thus increasing the drainage area tributary to Winnipeg to 250,000 square miles, a territory double the size of Great Britain and Ireland. The cost of the proposed water power works at Winnipeg would be for the Assiniboine power alone, including locks, $500,000, and with the connections between the river and Lake Manitoba about $1,200,000. The amount of power made available at Winnipeg would be, for the completed scheme, 10,000 horse power at low water, the net revenue from which at $20 per horse pqwer per annum would be $200,000. Interest and maintenance would not exceed 8 per cent or $96,000, while the cost of the same amount of power by steam on the most favorable basis would be $60 per horse power or $700,000. As it pays to grind wheat at $60 per year for power, the adoption of water power at one-sixth the cost would revolutionize the trade of the country and instead of being, as far as the grain trade of the country is concerned., a mere way station, Winnipeg would become a collecting and distributing point of importance. An idea of • the,vast importance of the milling and trans-shipping business may be obtained from the fact, that if 5000 horse power was used for milling, the number of railway cars required per day to bring in wheat and take out the products would be 1000, or.' 50 trains of 20 cars each. This statement is based upon the actual requirement of the Pillsbury mills at Minneapolis. In addition to flour .milling many other industries would spring up immediately that and capitalists now are fully alive to the fact that there is no better nor more secure investment WINNIPEG, THE MILLS AT POINT DOUGLASS. than a good water pow er. The utilization of water power with modern absorb population at the rate at which it is pouring in and as nowhere else on the continent is there any large quantity of cheap and good land obtainable it seems reasonable to suppose that the tide of immigration will then come this way. So soon as it does we may-expect "very remarkable developments in Winnipeg, and indeed the indications are numerous that we are now on the eve of another great upward movement in real estate. Rev. Mr. Bjarnson recently returned to Winnipeg from Iceland, where he had gone in the interest of the church of his people in Manitoba, and to Secure a number of students for missionary work here. His mission was successful, and in a few weeks a number of students will arrive here to take hold of religious work in the various Icelandic settlement. There are now he says few people in Iceland who have not some friends in Manitoba. This province and the adjoining Northwest Territories and Dakota are the only large fields to which Icelandic emigration tends, with perhaps the exception of a settlement in Southern Minnesota. Twenty years ago an emigration to Brazil took place, but the people have not prospered satisfactorily, and there is no movement in that direction. The reports of Icelanders in Manitoba to their friends in the old land have been encouraging. The people here like the country and are doing well, and these facts have no little influence on their friends. appliances is not confined solely to new countries. Some of the largest and most expensive both for power and navigation have been constructed. in Europe. By building water power- works in the Rhone the city of Geneva has secured, with a fall of 12 ft, some 2000 horse power, which is used for pumping, electric lighting, etc. In connection with the improvement on the Mississippi, Mr. Chas. A. Pillsbury, the great Minneapolis miller, is reported as saying :—'' I should not want any better business than to make electricity by water power, and then sell it for motive or lighting purposes, at what is actually costs if made by steam, taking as my profit the amount saved by the use of water at times when plenty of water could be obtained. Even on the basis of the last four years when the water has been low, on the average, a quarter of the time, this would show a great profit" It is now very generally known that the city of Winnipeg possesses in the Assiniboine River a source of power which surpasses most of the great water powers in use on this continent. The river alone drains an area of 60,000 square miles. Its flood discharge is estimated at 40,000 cubic ft, per second, and the lowest known discharge at 700 cubic ft per second, the average low water discharge being about double the last mentioned amount Perhap one of the greatest points of interest, and certainly one of the greatest advantages of the Assiniboine, as a water power stream, is, cheap power was to be had, among others may be mentioned, building paper, wood pulp manufactures, leather, woolen fabrics, agricultural and milling machinery. It is not necessary to enlarge upon the importance to any city* of the establishment of such industries. While the limit of this article will not permit an extended reference to that most important factor in the development of the settlement and commerce of a country, inland navigation, it may be stated that the connections of the lake and river mentioned alone would make directly tributary to Winnipeg 5000 miles of coast line and river banks, traversing districts well adapted to agriculture and abounding in the products of the forest and the mine. Col. Fanning of Minneapolis, consulting engineer, concludes his report on this project as follows:—"The inducements for Winnipeg to make itself a manufacturing centre seem very great and as an exceptionally favorable opportunity is presented through the development of its great water power, I can conceive of no way in which the city can with more certainty and profit enhance its own growth, permanent revenues from taxation, and general prosperity, than by promoting, directly or indirectly, this Assiniboine water power project, until its 10,000 horse power should be fully loaded with busy machinery." . C. E. Cullen, of Regina, has gone to Europe as immigration agent for the Territories. He is sent by the Legislative Assembly in the interests of the whole Northwest, each member of the assembly contributing special information about his own particular district Mr. Cullen is required to report regularly to the clerk of the assembly. He will be absent four months. He goes first to England, then over to Germany, Austria, Hungary, Roumania and Southern Russia and expects to cover 25,000 miles before he returns in June. ~tr 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. FARMING AROUND WINNIPEG. | The following facts were compiled under the I direction of a joint committee of the City Council and Board of Trade of Winnipeg. It is a matter ; of astonishment to new arrivals in Winnipeg to learn, that while the population of the city exceeds that of all the other cities and towns of Manitoba j put together, the lands around it are more sparsely settled, and a smaller proportion of them under cultivation, than is the case with the lands around any town of any prominence in the Province. The astonishment increases, when the fact is learned, that among all the fertile lands of the Canadian Northwest, none are richer from an agricultural point of view, and in few districts are they so fertile as are these same sparsely settled and almost unbroken prairie lands around Winnipeg. It requires a little study of history to learn the reason for this sparsity of settlement around the Manitoba capital. It is necessary to go back to shortly after Manitoba and the Northwest Territories were added to the Dominion of Canada. One of the conditions upon which the Federal Government assumed control of this vast country and its lands was, that every white and half-breed resident of the country at the time of its being embraced in Confederation, should receive a free grant of 240 acres. Thus, every man, woman and child was entitled to this grant, and so eager was the Government to secure the peaceful possession of the country, that the grant was unconditional beyond their being residents at the time stated. I had been gradually gaining possession of the lands which their first owners did not cultivate, and the prices they sold at were never very high. There are those here who remember of many a half-breed cla;m to 240 acres being traded off for a pair of blankets. By the year 1880 the majority of these lands were in the hands of speculators' living in this Province and the East, and when the "boom" of 1881 was at its height, no class were more greedy in their extortions of high figures for these lands than the men who had secured them for the price of a song. In fact they overreached themselves, and all the immigration of 1881 and 1882, which was larger than during all the balance of the j history of Northwest settlement, passed on west-1 ward where free lands could be had from the | Government, or where improved farms could be j bought at reasonable figures. Towards the close of 1883 the speculative hold-1 ers of lands around Winnipeg began to discover they had'been killing the goose that would lay the j golden egg. Many of them were badly situated financially. Mortgages on these lands were falling j due, and to sell in time to meet these was found to be impossible. It was scattered broadcast over the ' eastern provinces and in Europe that lands around Winnipeg were held at fabulous prices. Offers to | sell at reasonable figures were futile and would not I bring any one to make enquiry about such lands, j The settler looking for lands flew through Winni-! peg as he would through a city struck with an epidemic, and gazed at every land agent much as I he would at a card sharper or one he suspected of being a confidence man. It has taken years to i such as never will occur again in the history of the province. QUALITY OF THE LANDS. The Marquis of Lome, in a speech delivered at Winnipeg, said : " Unknown a few years ago, we see Winnipeg now with a population unanimously joining in happy accord, and rapidly lifting it to the front rank amongst the commercial centres of the world. We may look in vain elsewhere for a situation so favorable and commanding—many as are the fair regions of which we can boast. * * Nowhere will you find a situation whose natural advantages promise so great a future as that which seems insured in Manitoba, and to Winnipeg, the Heart City of the Dominion." Professor Gilbert, of Rothamsted, the eminent British scientist, tested four samples of soil taken from Niverville, 23 miles south of Winnipeg, Brandon, 132 miles west, Selkirk, 22 miles north, and from the immediate neighborhood of Winnipeg. He says : '' These soils showed a very high percentage of nitrogen ; that from Niverville nearly twice as high a percentage as in the first 6 or 9 inches of ordinary arable land, and about as high as the surface soil of the pasture land of Great Britain ; that from Brandon was not so rich as that from Niverville. The soil from Selkirk showed an extremely high percentage of nitrogen in the first twelve inches, and in the second twelve inches as high a percentage as any ordinary surface soil. Lastly, both the first and second nine inches of soil from Winnipeg were shown to be very rich in ni- 1 MR. MACBETH'S FARM, KILDONAN, NEAR WINNIPEG. The bulk of the lands thus granted were located near Winnipeg, or Fort Garry as it was formerly called, and in the days when people looked forward to long years of waiting for railway communication, it would not be expected that they would be considered of great value. There being no conditions of cultivation attached to the land grants, and the recipients being largely a people whom generations of isolation from the outer world had deprived of incentive to enterprise, as might be expected very little in the way of cultivation was done, and thus the virgin prairie sod was but little broken when railway construction connected Winnipeg with the eastern world. There was another class of land grants made by the Government, and j although the recipients were men whose services j to their country demanded some recognition, they did not contribute much towards the agricultural progress of the country. Reference is made to the grant of 160 acres to each volunteer soldier who came with General Wolseley in 1870 to quell the first Riel rebellion. An army of volunteer soldiers was not by any means likely to become a community of plodding, industrious pioneer citizens, and , while there can still be included among Winnipeg's most useful citizens, and opulent business men, some who followed General Wolseley into this country, the great bulk.of his following bartered away for little or nothing, between the granting of their land and the advent of railway connection, the homesteads won in the service of their country. In the interval a crowd of far-seeing speculators clear away, even partially, the result of the evil work then carried on. Extremes always bring a re-action, and one came with a vengeance in connection with the price of lands around Winnipeg. In 1884-5 and 6 the foreclosing of mortgages, and other proceedings for closing out margin land speculators went on at a lively rate, and those unable or unwilling to hold longer had to let go and lose heavily by so doing. The consequence is that at the present time lands in the vicinity of the Manitoba capital are now as far (or almost as far) below their natural value, as they were above it six years ago, and to agricultural settlers they furnish at the present time, probably the best opportunity to secure what can in a few years be made a valuable farm, that ever was offered in the history of any new country. Inquiries made by. a committee of the Winnipeg board of trade and a committee of the city council working with each other brought out the fact, that within 20 miles of the city nearly one million acres of the most fertile land in the world can be had by settlers at unprecedentedly low figures. At least a quarter of a million of acres of the low-lying and moist portion of these lands can be bought for $3 an acre or less. Another quarter of a million of better quality, comprising mixed prairie and grazing lands, can be bought from $7 an acre, and another quarter of a million of the very best of lands, where settlers can commence breaking sod at once, can be had at from $8 to $12 an acre. There are now opportunites of securing valuable farm lands around Winnipeg, trogen, richer than the average of old pasture surface soil." Professor Tanner, lecturer on agriculture at South Kensington, writes: "Here it is that the champion soils of the world are to be found, and we may rejoice that they are located within the British Empire. Take as an illustration of their powers of fertility the simple fact that on the Kildonan farm, near Winnipeg, on which land I saw their 50th crop of wheat growing—crops which had followed each other year after year, and had maintained their full yield from first to last, without the soil losing any of its productive power. Year by year had the winter frosts renovated that soil with I fresh stores of fertility from its rich preserves, and j thus the land became better prepared than ever for i its work.'' An illustration is given of the Kildonan I Farm referred to by Professor Tanner. Plenty of farming lands can yet be purchased in this Municipality of Kildonan, at very reasonable prices and within ten miles of the city. The follow- ! ing is extracted from an official publication of the i Ontario Government: " Numbers of the Ontario farmers * * * * prefer to sell out and go to i Manitoba and the Northwest, a territory which is | par excellence a wheat country, and which must soon become, perhaps, the greatest granary in the world. They are more inclined in this direction because they can sell their Ontario farms at $40 to j $100 an acre, and can buy virgin soil in the North- I west at $1 to $10. By a change of this nature they can easily establish their children on separate farms, 8. THE WESTERN WORLD. March a thing but few of them can hope to do in Ontario.'' j It is a fact, that can be establised beyond question, j that lands within 8 miles of Winnipeg can be purchased to-day at from $6 to $10 per acre. - If any intending settler doubts this, let him write or visit the city to enquire before throwing away his chance of establishing himself where he can possess advantages positively unobtainable anywhere else. Grains and vegetables of all descriptions grown in the Northwest succeed admirably within the 20 mile belt around TV innipeg. Let any intending settler view the vegetables in the market gardener's stalls in the city, and take a run through the grain dealers' warehouses, and he will be fully satisfied that those lands constitute the garden plot of the Province. FUEL AND WATER. There is no difficulty in obtaining firewood in ' almost an}r direction in the 20 mile belt around Winnipeg; except on the open prairie lying to the immediate west and northwest of the city i for a short distance. Any number of first-class i farms can be purchased on which more than a sufficient quantity of timber suitable for firewood exists. South between the Assiniboine and Red River; east and southeast, along the Red River ' and its tributary streams;, north and "northeast, farmers owning wood lots find a good market in Winnipeg for firewood, which they can market when work is slack on their farms, thus obtaining a revenue from that source, which assists them in paying for their lands and procuring stock and implements. Many settlers within twenty miles of the city have availed themselves of this source of profit. HAY LANDS. Plenty of rolling prairie occurs in the 20 mile belt about Winnipeg, giving a sufficient area of hay lands to provide an abundance of grazing lands in summer and stores of fodder for winter use. The qualities of the native grasses for stock- raising are so well known that it is needless to dwell on the subject; suffice it to say that the milk, butter and cheese brought into the city by local farmers is of the very richest and finest quality produced in the Dominion, and the butter took first prize at Toronto against all comers throughout Canada. There is always a ready sale in Winnipeg for hay, cash down being the terms of payment. Pork packing establishments already exist, and it is expected that meat canning will soon be undertaken, thus offering a special inducement to stock-raising. Methodist Wesley College, and the Manitoba Medical College-afford the most complete facilities for obtaining a superior education for young men. Several colleges for young ladies are also accessible. The Winnipeg public schools, which are treated of more fully in another column, are open free to all settlers choosing to take advantage of them, as many already do. Winnipeg also has a General Hospital, with a furnished capacity of 70 beds, where the most experienced and able medical- men are in attendance. ROADS AND DITCHES. Some- municipalities," such as Springfield, Kildonan and Macdonald for example, have, with commendable wisdom, expended-considerable sums on roads and ditches. The people residing within twenty miles of Winnipeg in these municipalities, have access to the city at seasons of the year by first-class roads, the rivulets been spanned by strong, permanent structures—a standing testimonial to the energy of the' inhabitants and their abiding faith in the portion of the Province in which they have chosen their homes. One result of the construction of ditches has been to prove that in places where the lands had been considered too- wet in some seasons, they only required to have the surface water drawn off and the ditches kept open, to WINNIPEG, MAIN STREET LOOKING NORTH FROM NEAR PORTAGE AVENUE. may be found an abundance of wood, in the form of bluffs or islands, interspersed with areas of rich, open prairie land. Too many visitors to the Northwest have visited Winnipeg, and finding a prairie stretching out to the immediate west of the city, have erroneously fallen into the delusion that there is no timber in the neighborhood, while right before them to the south and east are the wooded districts, on the east, especially, being the edge of the great forest stretching in an unbroken line to Lake Superior. This forest does not become dense immediately, but is presented in the form of alternate areas of timber and open prairie for many miles eastward from the banks of the Red River. This district is well watered by the Red and Assiniboine rivers and the host of 'small streams tributary to them. Good water may be had at almost every point by boring. Within the city limits there are fully fifty wells bored down to the limestone, a depth of from 40 to 60 feet About 35 of these wells are owned by the corporation and afford a regular supply of good water, which is used by a Targe mass of the population. In certain localities, such as Cook's Creek, Springfield, Rockwood and Victoria, springs' are common,, and water can be obtained by sinking wells from 12 to 25 feet Many OFFICIAL CENTRE. As pointed out in another column the Government, educational and legal offices are here established, as well as religious institutions. All the principal Canadian manufacturers of implements have warehouses in Winnipeg, and parts of machines can be repaired or replaced at a moment's notice. Binding twine, harness, tools, pumps, etc., may be had at all times, a great variety of quality and make being open for selection at competitive prices, such as can nowhere else be found in the Northwest. The district is well supplied with churches and schools. Almost every section in several of the municipalities in the 20 mile belt is within easy reach of a good school, a church of some denomination and a post office. The principal conventions of religious' and educational bodies are usually held in Winnipeg, and are open to the visits of the public interested in them. Having daily mails in almost every case from 10 railroad routes, and excellent mail service from the local post offices, Winnipeg, in this particular, offers great advantages to farmers residing in its vicinity. The University of Manitoba, with the Presbyterian Manitoba College, the Anglican St John's College, the Roman Catholic St. Boniface College, the render them the richest and most productive lands to be found in the country. The city corporation has built a number of roads in various directions, to meet those constructed by municipalities surrounding it on all sides, thus affording every opportunity to farmers to gain access to the city from whatever locality they may come. MARKETS. One of the first advantages an intending settler in a new country should look carefully after is prox-. imity to a ready market for his produce, and in this respect the district around Winnipeg is one of the most favored in the western portion of this continent. To have a city of over 26,000 population within one, two or three hours' drive of home, is of itself an advantage that few intending settlers in the west can secure, and the fact that it can be had near Winnipeg is due entirely to the train of peculiar circumstances referred to at the commencement of this article, which have left lands there still vacant. Winnipeg is the railway centre as well as the metropolis of Manitoba, and towards it all lines of railway in the province, ten in number, converge. The farmer, in marketing his wheat there, can at all times secure from three to five cents a bushel more for it, than he can get at any of the outside towns of the province. Thus the 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. * farmer marketing say 3,000 bushels annually of that cereal will receive each year from $90 to $150 more for his crop, than he would if he marketed the same at an outside point. It requires only a novice in arithmetic to see that in a few years this extra price for wheat would pay the cost of a farm, at the prices for which lauds around the city can now be bought. In fact a farmer could better afford to pay five dollars an acre for land near Winnipeg, than accept a gift of land at some of the points three or four hundred miles farther from the seaboard, and be assured of making the same in a few years out of the extra price paid for his wheat. In rough grain marketing the advantage is even more noticeable, and specially in oats. There is the only local market for this grain, where a price beyond a shipping margin is paid, and not unfrequently the farmer can in the city secure five or six cents a bushel more, than can be paid at smaller places where no local demand of any consequence exists, and where the market depends' entirely upon exports. In every other product of the farm besides grain the Winnipeg market offers advantages, which are to be had in no other town of the Canadian Northwest. The farmer's butter, eggs, pork, beef and every other product finds in the city an ever-ready and omnifarious 'cash market, in which he saves the toll taken by a middleman in the country, and where he can sell direct to the consumer, local dealer or exporter, for in the city he has a local market with a larger purchase his household necessaries, his clothing, machinery, implements, lumber, general building materials and other supplies as'economically as in the older cities of the Dominion, and in no city of Canada, containing the same population, can the purchaser of merchandise find such a variety of goods of every. class from which to select. In short for either sale or purchase market, few if any cities of 30,000 population offer such advantages as are to be found in the Manitoba capital. The number of immigrants into the United States during 1889 was (says the New York correspondent of the Daily News of London) about 100,000 less than in 1888, when there were a little over half a million. There has been a steady decline since 1882, when the tide reached its highest point, bringing into the country in that year about 720,000 aliens. Germany continues to send the largest number from any single country—nearly 100,000. England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales combined send about 140,000. From Norway and Sweden the tide is still strong, as it has been for many years, about 45,000 coming this year. The totals for 1889 will complete the record for seventy years, during which period accurate statistics have been compiled. These will show that the United States have received from foreign countries since 4820 an aggregate of about 15,000,000 people, of whom Great Britain has sent about 6,000,000, Ger- WINNIPEG, HOLY TRINITY CHURCH. demand for his produce than that of all the other towns of the province put together, and it is the collecting point from which nine-tenths of the farm produce exports of the whole Northwest are sent in car-load lots to the outside world. It is necessary also for the intending settler to remember that the Winnipeg market is a cash one in every line of produce. Grain, potatoes, beef, pork, hides, wool, butter, cheese, eggs, fowls, milk ! and in fact anything the farm can be made to produce, can be sold at any time for spot cash in Winnipeg. This is more than can be said for the small towns of this or any other new western country. Too frequently the farmer has to truck and trade his butter, eggs and such commodities, for the goods of the country merchant, and in doing business upon such principles, it cannot be expected ■ that he can hold his own with men who are posted in trading matters. Yet such are the disadvantages the pioneer may look for, if his local market is in seme village or small town, and in many of these he will rarely find a cash market for anything but his grain. It is with no intention of disparaging other sections that these facts about markets are here mentioned. But it is well for the intending settler to be made aware of these facts, and take them into consideration when selecting for himself a home in a new land. But it is not in selling alone that the Winnipeg market offers special advantages. In the city the farmer can many about 4,500,000, Norway and Sweden about 800,000, and France about 350,000. Ireland alone has sent nearly 3,500,000. Alex. Begg, of British Columbia, has been considering the servant giil question and has arranged to have a number sent out from Scotland, provided situations can be guaranteed for them beforehand. He has arranged that those desiring domestics can have them by leaving their names and guaranteeing their passage money, namely $80. This will be deducted from the girl's wages at a certain stipulated rate per month. "The experience of the Northern transcontinental routes during the past month," said a Great Northern official in St. Paul, Minn., recently, " shows plainly that they will soon be universally recognized as the winter routes to the Pacific coast The further north you go the less danger there is from snow blockades. The Northern Pacific had much less such interruptions than did its more southern competitors, while the Manitoba Pacific route had even less than its nearest neighbor. The Canadian Pacific had little or no trouble with snow during the time when the heavy snow storms made travel through the Sierras, the Blue mountains and New Mexico a thing impossible; we have never known a winter during which our trains, both through and local, arrived and departed so regularly. EDUCATION IN WINNIPEG. By D. Mclnlyre, Inspector of Protestant Schools for the City. The following brief outline of the Protestant schools of Winnipeg may furnish a partial answer to intending settlers who are making enquiry as to the facilities afforded by our city for the education of its young people. It must be borne in mind, however, that there is also a system of Roman Catholic schools which provides for children of that denomination, while in addition to the elementary and secondary schools in operation under the respective systems there are four denominational colleges, making liberal provision for the higher education. These colleges, as well as the medical school, also situated in Winnipeg, are in affiliation with the University of Manitoba, which alone has the power of granting degrees.. The Normal School, maintained by the Provincial Government, and devoted exclusively to the professional training of teachers who have previously received the requisite academic education, has also its home in this city. The Protestant schools of Winnipeg are organized under authority of the general school act Their administration is in the hands of a local board of trustees elected by popular vote. Provision is made for both elementary and secondary education. The Provincial Government pays to the board of trustees $150 per year for each teacher in its employ, and $100 additional for each teacher engaged in the High School. The remaining revenue required is raised by assessment. Admission to all grades is free. The course of instruction in the elementary departments extends over eight years. During the first four years of this time the pupil is occupied with the instrumentary branches. Reading, writing, spelling, the fundamental processes of arithmetic, including the simpler fractions, oral and written composition form the staple of the teacher's work. Elementary geography is also taught, while oral lessons in physiology and hygiene are given, with special reference to the effect of narcotics and stimulants. The work in the subjects mentioned is extended during the remaining four years, while Canadian and British history, grammar, bookkeeping, algebra to the end of simple equations, and one book of Euclid are added. The pupil who has completed this course can express himself correctly either orally or in writing on all subjects within the range of his knowledge, can write a legible hand with a degree of rapidity and has an intelligent knowledge of the chief events the history of the race to which he belongs. He should know the important facts in the geography of the world, and be master of so much arithmetic as is requisite for the ordinary purposes of commercial life. In dealing with the subjects of instruction, while it is borne in mind that the knowledge communicated should be of such a kind and so presented as to aid the pupil in the solution of the problems of every day existence, it is never forgotten that character is the highest product of the educative process. Pupils are admitted to the High School on passing an examination on the subjects of the elementary course. Provision is here made for the critical study of representative English authors, along with the history of English literature ; an advanced course in composition is pursued; English "nd general history receive careful attention ; bookkeeping, botany, chemistry and physiology, Latin, Greek and French, with an extended course in elementary mathematics, are included in the programme. Many of the students prepare for the examinations for teacher's certificates conducted by the Board of Education for the Province, and for matriculation into the University of Manitoba. The examination in view determines the selection of subjects. For those who do not mean to take either of these examinations, a selection is made with a view to general business purposes. In all cases the aim of the school is to prepare pupils of all classes for the highest citizenship. This it is believed is the true function of a public High School, and the justification for its existence. The preparation for special examinations is only an incident, important as being a step towards the real end, but yet not the end. From the foregoing outline some notion of the scope and aims of the system may be gained. A glance at the material conditions will show what provision has been made for rendering it effective. There are at present in possession of the Protestant Board of School Trustees 12 buildings containing 61 school rooms. Fifty-nine of these mm mm — 10 THE WESTERN WORED. March are in actual occupation, and are furnished with seats and desks for 3,000 pupils. Ten of the 12 buildings are of brick, or brick-veneer. The rooms are large and well lighted. In the four largest buildings, containing 38 school rooms, heating and ventilating apparatus is found, which while it changes the air in the class rooms from six to ten times per hour, maintains the temperature between 63° and 70° Fht. in the coldest weather. Commodious playgrounds are provided with each building, that at the Central school covering an area of about three acres. The estimated value of sites and buildings is $185,000. The furniture, valued at' $15,000, brings, the assets of the Board up to $200,000. The expense of maintaining the schools forjjthe past year was $50,000, exclusive of amounts required for new buildings and sites, and interest on debenture indebtedness of former years. l - Three thousand pupils are enrolled during the present month. 2,750 of these are in the elementary departments, and 250 in the High School. Fifty-three teachers are employed in the former and six in the latter division. In scholarship, professional skill and devotion to their duties they are abreast of their fellow workers in any part of Canada. With a school system intelligent-, ly conceived, faithfully administered and liberally supported, in addition to the other agencies mentioned, it is believed that Winnipeg offers ample facilities for the education of the children of all who make this city their home. THE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITY. A few facts may be given about the colleges and university referred to in Mr. Mclntyre's article. The oldest of these is St. John's College, Anglican, the first educational establishment started in the country, which originated in the Red River academy, in the early days of settlement Some 30 years ago, under Bishop Auderson, it began to do college work, candidates being prepared for holy orders in addition to the ordinary work of a boy's school. It was reorganized by the present Bishop of Rupert's Land, and now consists of the college and college school. It has a faculty of theology and lecturers who prepare students for the university examinations in arts, mathematics, natural science and modern languages, as well as for the local legal and medical entrance examinations. An illustration is given in this issue showing the portion of the college so far erected, comprising the north wing, library and deputy warden's residence. This cost about $60,000. The whole building, as planned, is a magnificent structure. Another illustration shows the boy's school, picturesquely situated on the bank of the Red River, and the church, which is the Cathedral of the diocese. It was erected in 1863 on the site of the first church built in the settlement, and is an extremely plain and unassuming building. The churchyard surrounding it is a beautiful spot, wonderfully like an old English country churchyard. Within its confines are buried many of the men who have occupied foremost positions here. It is also the resting place of the Winnipeg volunteers who fell in the Metis rebellion of 1880. Near by are Bishop's Court, the residence of Bishop Machray, the Deanery and the houses of the various masters. The college school is the chief meteorological station of the Northwest. St Boniface College, Roman Catholic, started with a school which was opened there in 1818 by Abbe Provencher, afterwards Bishop. In 1885 Bishop Tache, who had succeeded to the see, erected a building for the college, and in 1880 the present commodious structure was commenced. It is beautifully situated in one of the most pleasant and best wooded portions of the town, and cost over $100,000. The course includes Greek, Latin, French and English languages and literature, history, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, higher mathematics, mental philosophy, natural science and theology, as well as a commercial course. Manitoba College, Presbyterian, was established in 1871 at Kildonan, near Winnipeg, and in 1874 was removed to temporary quarters in the city. In 1875 it was moved to a site on Main street, not far from the present C. P. R. station, and in 1881 the handsome building, of which au illustration is given in this issue, was put up at a cost of about $50,000. It is just a third of the whole building as planned. In 1883 a faculty of theology was established, in addition to arts. The college now admits female students, and several have already graduated at the University. Wesley College, Methodist, established in 1888, embraces theology as well as arts. It at present occupies temporary quarters, but will doubtless be in a building of its own within the next year or two. The Medical College, established in 1884, has a well arranged building. Its classes are well attended. The University, so far, is only an examining, not a teaching body. It includes the four denominational colleges already mentioned and the WINNIPEG ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. medical college. Steps are now being taken to add teaching to its work, and it is almost certain that several chairs will be filled this year. WEATHER AND CLIMATE. It has truly been said that the climate of Manitoba has been more discussed than that of any other section of the North American continent, and when cold weather is found approaching the more southerly country, it is said it is a "Manitoba cold wave," or a "Manitoba blizzard." In winter the cold is certainly great, but, if it is cold, it is dry cold generally without wind, and when one has passed a winter here it is found- to be pleasant. Snow falls only to a depth of from twelve to eighteen inches, and as a consequence frost penetrates the ground considerably, which is certainly a benefit, the ground being made mellow thereby, and giving a moisture supply which grasses and roots would not otherwise have. Spring opens usually the first week in April, which is certainly a fine month, with no rains, giving farmers the very best opportunity to get in their crops. May and June are the rainy months, just the time that the crops need the moisture. July and August have but little rains, and occasional showers. The weather then- is warm during the day, but there are cold nights and heavy dews. Harvest begins from" August 15 to 20. September is the best month of the whole, while October is rather blustery with some wet, and just the time for fall plowing. Winter begins about Nov. 15, but it is not until December that the cold becomes intense. December, January and February are the coldest months, yet they are bright bracing and healthy. This is not the home of the blizzard, and such a thing is almost unknown, and we leave it where it rightly belongs, in the United States south of the 49th parallel. There is not a more healthy climate on the face of the globe. Twenty-five degrees below zero here does not chill one half as much as freezing point - does -in the east, or any place where there is a damp atmosphere. It is a bracing, dry, exhilarating climate, where one feels able to stand any amount of exercise without getting fatigued.. The pictorial papers have ever illustrated Canada by winter sketches, ice palaces, snowshoe exhibitions and other like scenes, making very charming pictures, but all suggestive of arctic regions and an intense degree of cold, so that Canada, particularly Manitoba and the Northwest, is lever associated .with frost and snow and rigorous^ winter. Whereas, for six months in the year along the chain of the Canadian Pacific Railway, "from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, the boundaries of this vast dominion, stretch millions of acres where the artist's pencil can find innumerable ' scenes of sylvan beauty, wood and. waterfall, which, faithfully portrayed, 'would give a more correct idea of Canada when limned in a temperature of semi-tropical warmth. Two months of what in other countries, would be denominated bracing weather, when the whole face of nature presents a phantasmagoria of bewildering beauty, when the roads and prairies are gorgeous with the varying hues of nature's decay—a scene which sight alone can realize, for the words of the poet, the pen of the traveller or the brush of the artist must fall short in depicting, describing and portraying the glorious beauty, the innumerable blended tints of vegetable decay present. Therr* comes four months of undoubted 'winter ; no rain ; snow falling principally at night; days of bright sunshine, when the rays of old Sol make themselves gratefully felt through an atmosphere registering 30° and reaching 50° below zero, then during the midday hours not unpleasantly cold, for this low temperature is attended by almost real stillness, and the absence of all superfluous moisture in the surrounding atmosphere renders the cold far less penetrating than that of a foggy day in New England in November, or a damp day in Chicago. No doubt there are a few days in -winter when the elements are masters of the situation, and to defy them is absurd, but where is the climate and where is the country to be found entirely enjoyable throughout the year and free from all drawbacks ? All countries have some points unfavorable ; there is no perfect climate under the sun. But the climate of Manitoba is above all other countries the most favorable for transplanting the Saxon race and perpetuating that stalwart physique for which that race is remarkable. It is .in its hygienic sense that the climate of Manitoba excels, and, if it were better understood, physicians would gladly avail themselves of adding another field to those already known where climate influence is chiefly depended upon for the arrest of disease and the repairment of its ravages. That the climate of Manitoba exercises a most salutary effect on the incipient stage of chest troubles-is a well established fact, demonstrable by hundreds of cases. The pine forests of the Engadine have i^JfJUMW ■ i n—iin)i wmy«*»aM 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. been for a long time a favorable resort for the phthisical patients and the mild climate of Algeria, which as winter quarters must always hold its own. But it is probable that in no part of the world will climatic influences do more for the arrest and removal of lung trouble in the early stages than this climate for at least five months, from the middle of April to the middle of September. Scattered throughout the Northwest are groves and belts of gigantic coniferae, in comparison with which the Engadine firs would sink into insignificance; so that if the vicinity of this timber exercises a prophylactic influence, one's hut may be pitched in pine groyes overhanging magnificent lakes, abounding in fish, and amidst scenery of sylvan beauty, on ground rarely trodden by the foot of man. Through such a country the tourist may wander for hundreds of miles," and for the first time realize the feeling of absolute freedom. Dr. T. Graham Phillips, M. D., Medical Health - officer of the city, says :—"Few cities having, the same population as Winnipeg can show a less death rate, it being fifteen in the thousand annually, forty-six per cent of which, according to Dr. Neilson, the statist for the Dominion Govern- - ment are children under five years of age, . many of whom come from foreign countries, and are exhausted by the long journey. Quite a number have died from zymotic disease within the last few years, doubtless imported by immigrants from other parts," chiefly Ottawa and Montreal, where it prevailed to an alarming extent. A number of cases along the Canadian Pacific Railway, from Port Arthur to Vancouver, as well as many idiopathic cases, occurring all over the Province of Manitoba and the Northwest, are sent to the General "Hospital in Winnipeg. Besides quite a number of consumptives, in the advanced and hopeless stages of the disease, coming to Manitoba from other countries'to be benefitted by its well known salubrious climate, annually die. All these cases should very properly be deducted from the temporary rate of mortality mentioned above, so that the normal death rate of the city of Winnipeg when the waterworks, sewerage and other systems of hygiene and improved sanitation are perfected, which will be in the near future, will, I venture to say, be far less than in any other city of the same population in the Dominion. The almost total absence of malaria in Manitoba and the Northwest territories no doubt contributes largely to so desirable a result." short notice, and experience has shown that the retailers and country merchants take full advantage of the situation. The railway corporations recognize Winnipeg as one of the principal wholesale depots of Canada, and deal with its wholesalers on that basis. While it is impossible to give in detail, within the limits of a short article, a full list of the lines of goods handled by the wholesale trade of the city, it will be sufficient, after making the general statement that all the wants of a mixed community are supplied, to specify the following as a partial list of leading lines':—wholesale dry goods, clothing, millinery, fancy goods and notions, stationery and paper, furniture, leather and findings, boots and shoes, china and glassware, groceries, liquors, tobacco and cigars, drugs and chemicals, hardware, iron, stoves and furnaces, gas and plumbers' goods, oils and paints, teas and coffees, sugar, soap, furs, meats, biscuits and confectionery, lumber, coal, arms and sporting goods, agricultural implements, flour, grain, seeds, fruits, jewellery, watches and clocks, pumps and fixtures, mill supplies, marble and granite goods, and aerated waters. Various industries are already established in Winnipeg, including furniture and upholstery, brooms and brushes, oatmeal, flour and grist mills, awnings, tents and mattrasses, bookbinding, carriage works, soda water, breweries, meat curing and packing, bricks and tiles, boiler and machine shops, foundries, biscuit, con- ^^t*.?.'- ^.-i^L'. THE TRADE OF WINNIPEG. By C. N. Bell (Secretary Board of Trade.) Naturally Winnipeg is the centre for the wholesale and jobbing trade of the great Northwest. Immense stocks of goods and merchandise, covering all varieties required to supply the wants of the districts devoted to grain production, stock breeding and cattle ranching, mining, lumbering and fishing, as well as the more diversified demands of the city, town and village people, are to be found in the handsome buildings, supplied with all modern conveniences and appliances, which are a marked feature of the city's edifices. Shipments are daily made to points over 1,000 miles distant, so extensive a range of country is supplied from this well stocked central market. The complete railway systems radiating from Winnipeg afford great facilities to the retailer in the Province and and Territories for the securing of his stocks at WINNIPEG, MANITOBA COLLEGE. fectionery and bakery products, coffee and spice mills, harness and saddlery, marble works, tinware, sash, doors and boxes, paper boxes, saw mills, cigar factory, oil mills, plumbing and gas fitting, tanneries, soap, etc. Inquiries are constantly made of the Board of Trade, from foreign and other capitalists, as to the necessity and feasibility of establishing other and additional manufactories, and indications point to investments of a considerable amount of money in new branches of industries in the city ere many months. While no accurate statistics have been compiled to show the actual amount of the volume of trade centered in the city these are not required to get an impression of the business transacted. The following chartered banks have branches in Winnipeg:—Bank of Montreal, Bank of British North America, Imperial Bank of Canada, Union Bank of Canada, Bank of Ottawa, Merchants Bank of Canada, and the Commercial Bank of Manitoba has its head office here, the combined capital represented being nearly $30,000,000, with some $12,000,000 of reserve funds. These .banks have agents in all parts of the world. A large number of English and Canadian loan and investment companies, representing an enormous amount of capital, have general agency offices in the city. The leading life aud fire insurance j companies of Great Britain, Canada and the United States have offices as well. An active Board of Trade, incorporated by the Dominion Government, exercise all the functions usually undertaken by such bodies, and closely watch the business interests of the city. The headquarters of the Manitoba grain and flour trade are to be found in the rooms of the Winnipeg Grain and Produce Exchange, which comprises in its membership the principal millers, grain dealers and exporters of the Province, as well as many of the leading grain exporters of the Dominion, resident in Eastern Canada. The Northwest Commercial Traveller's Association, with a membership of 220, is one of the city's business organizations that illustrates the extent of the wholesale trade conducted with the country. to the west and the northwest. The Bell Telephone Company control the telephone business, and have 700 instruments in use within the city limits. Two electric light and one gas companies supply both street and house light. Street cars run on the principal thoroughfares. Many miles of mains distribute water for public and domestic purposes, though the service is not compulsory, and in parts of the city public wells and other contrivances are resorted to for a water supply. The city is now in negotiation with the waterworks company to purchase their property and privileges, with the object of controlling the water service as a public one. While this article is not intended to cover the ground of the ordinary handbook the following public works undertaken by the city will give an idea of the size and importance of the place. At the present time 119 miles of sidewalks, 83 miles of graded streets, 9 miles of paved streets, 21 miles of sew- ers, 41 fire tanks, 40 public wells and 4 public drinking fountains are owned and maintained by the corporation. A com plete and well managed fire brigade, with full equipment of s t e a m e rs, chemical engines, &c, are on duty night and day in three conveniently situated fire halls, alarms being given by means of an excellently arranged electric system. The police force consists of picked men, the minimum standard of height being 6 feet Postal and telegraphic arrangements are provided to meet every requirement. A street postal delivery is in operation. The following description of the appearance of the city, as it strikes a visitor, is extracted from an article sent to a great American daily last summer by a travelling correspondent:— " This brief sketch will give you some idea of the metropolitan city Of Manitoba, and one which Lord Dufferin, when governor General of Canada, so aptly named, ' - the Bull's Eye of the Dominion.'' This city is not as regularly laid out as many of the new cities on the other side of the forty-ninth parallel, owing to the original owners having become possessed of their lands by measuring from the river front, thus giving various angles and breadths. The city shows this now. The part laid out by the Hudson Bay Company and contiguous to old Fort Garry has been most regularly laid out at right angles. Main Street has scarcely a counterpart on this continent It was laid out by the government of Assiniboia in 1835, and was originally a colonist road, extending from West Lynne on the international boundary near Pembina to Lake Winnipeg, and had an established width 12 THE WESTERN WORLD. March of two chains, or 132 feet This great highway has never been allowed to be encroached upon. It follows the windings of the river at a pretty regular distance, or rather the Indian trail. As a consequence the road is winding, and the result is that Main Street is far from straight But herein lies its beauty. For two and a half miles it has been paved with block pavement, with eighteen-foot walks at each side, with only enough rise from a perfect level to drain itself. On either side are palatial warehouses and stores, and, the architecture being so varied, the changes are certainly unique. You think you are coming to the end of the street when lo! another and a finer view opens out; and this change is more than once or twice. The view at the City Hall is one that cannot be easily forgotten. Looking south on the right is the city hall, a model building, and of choice architectural design, with its turrets, balconies and steep roofs, in front the monument erected to the volunteers who fell a couple of years ago in the Metis rebellion; further on the handsome business blocks, and the view is closed by the mammoth Hudson Bay Company's store, and the bridge across the Assiniboine. On the left, and near at hand, is •the post office, built of white limestone and red brick, massive and plain, while beyond are numerous banking and other blocks, and the iron-fronted Cauchon block closes the view. Turning north ward you see almost to the Canadian Pacific station, a mile away, and either side is seen lined with and every advantage is taken of these eligible building sites. Winnipeg is a handsome city, and the march of improvement can be seen in all directions." Some slight idea is had of the foreign trade of Winnipeg by reference to the customs returns. The returns for the Province of Manitoba for 1889 were as follows: Value of dutiable, -goods* imported during the year ending June 30, 1889 ...'... -t: $1,797,293 Value of free goods 410,021 $2,207,314 Duty collected 549,458 Of this amount of duty $473,659 was collected in the Winnipeg Custom House. EXPORTS. Value for above year ......... $782,606 Nothing is more erroneous than the general idea that an inspection of the customs returns, from Manitoba gives a full index to the volume of trade conducted into and out of this province. Foreigners who search the Dominion blue books and accept the figures therein contained as of the same value, as say English custom house returns, are totally misled as to the trade of Manitoba. The truth is that the Northwest consumes large quantities of goods imported into Canada the duties on which are credited to Montreal, Toronto and other and measures, food products examiners, coal oil and gas inspection, post office inspection, grain, flour, and hide and leather inspection, intelligence office, emigration, Receiver General, Government Savings Bank, and other offices for the Canadian Northwest are placed in the city on account of its importance and central position. Winnipeg is also the Provincial capital and in consequence the Manitoba Legislature, government departments of agriculture and statistics, Attorney General, public- works, Treasurer and Provincial Secretary, with the Registrar General of lands have their official headquarters within the city limits. The- superior courts are held here, which entails the attendance of the principal barristers and attorneys of the Province. With other government institutions, the institute for the deaf and dumb is placed here. The regular troops on duty in' Manitoba are in barracks in the city, and the volunteers with headquarters here cover corps of cavalry, field artillery and the line. The head offices of the Hudson Bay Company (in America), the great land companies, and in a word all the great corporations doing business in this country, find it not only convenient, but necessary, for the proper transaction of their affairs to have their chief offices in what has been termed by a Governor General '' the heart city of Canada.'' The Winnipeg General Hospital is an institution which the city may well be con-. gratul a ted on maintaining, for the great part, by her own contributions. The poor and suffering receive SLANCK WINNIPEG, SOUTH OF THE POST OFFICE. buildings filled with all kinds of merchandise. On the parallel streets are the brick blocks occupied by THE WHOLESALE ESTABLISHMENTS, and these great warehouses will compare favorably with those of any other city. There will be a large amount of street pavement done this season, and, as a thorough system of sewerage has been put in, the city will be second to none in the excellence of its streets. Although on a prairie, tree planting has been very successful, and the residence portion will soon have avenues with stately trees with plenty of shade. The city has more and better walks than any city you visit. Portage Avenue is another colonist road, extending from Main Street west to Portage la Prairie, of the same width as Main Street, and following the windings of the Assiniboine River. This has been paved for some distance, and is bound to become one of the principal business streets, although at the present Main Street has the lead. The wholesale trade will no doubt look after this main thoroughfare. The principal residence portion of the city is south of this avenue, and is near the parliament and other public buildings,' although Fort Rouge, as the part of the city across the Assiniboine is called, holds it own with any part of the city for elegant residences and pleasant drives. The main street in this part is also paved, and it is a favorite driving boulevard. The river banks are heavily wooded, and extend some distance from the river, eastern ports, as the merchandise is entered and duty paid at those ports. Consequently Ontario and Quebec show large customs collections rightly belonging to Manitoba. Take the matter of exports for instance. In 1888 it should appear we only exported direct to foreign countries produce to the value of $789,983, of which the item of raw furs to England covered $585,012. What became of the 15,500,000 bushels of wheat that we sent out (as wheat and flour) in 1888-89 via the C. P. R. to Ontario and Quebec ? When English and Scotch wheat and flour merchants are regularly quoting and selling Manitoba hard wheat and flour, it may be seen that Montreal is getting the credit of our' exports, because they leave that port in vessels for Great Britain. The Winnipeg Customs House books show that last year goods from the following countries were entered for duty at this port: Great Britain, United States, France, Germany, Holland, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Australia, Italy, Denmark, China, Japan, British West Indies, Brazil, British East Indies. Winnipeg is not only the commercial capital of the vast extent of country lying between Lake Superior and British Columbia and north of the International line, but it is the centre for the Federal Government offices situated therein. The head lands and timber offices of the Dominion Government for the west are located here. The principal custom houses, registry of shipping, excise, weights here the most careful andhumane treatment in well appointed buildings at the hands of skillful and experienced medical men and nurses. During the week preceding the date of this article 73 cases were treated, the afflicted persons coming from all parts of the province. A Maternity Hospital and Training school for nurses are attached to the parent institution. The Children's Home is another instance of the charitably disposed persons of Winnipeg working for the poor and homeless. The Christian Women's Union conduct children's night schools and perform other good work. Winnipeg is justly proud of her athletic associations. The senior four of the Winnipeg Rowing Club are champions of America, having met and defeated the best amateur oarsmen "of the Continent last summer at Chicago. In curling our clubs stand prominent and by holding the Gover-' nor General's trophy are the acknowledged champions of Canada. In cricket, lawn tennis, lacrosse, snowshoeing, bycicling, foot ball and rifle shooting, the youth of Winnipeg are well known to the Canadian public. Social clubs of all kinds are a special feature of private life, while in secret aud other societies there is a plethora. Freemasonry in nearly all its grades, Oddfellowship, Forestry, Knights of Pythias, A. O. U. W. temperance, &c, are well represented. The societies for benovel- ence of St. Andrew, St. George and St. Patrick are well organized and do much good and useful work. Musical and dramatic associations are not wanting. ™- 1 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. The Manitoba and Historical Society maintains a public library and museum, and has published a large number of valuable papers dealing with subjects coming within the scope of its operations. A large number of churches are to be found in all quarters of the city, and according to the census taken in 1886 by the Dominion Government the religions of the people were as follows :-^5,962 Church of England, 5,271 Presbyterians, 3,217 Methodists,. 2,244 Roman Catholics, 1,357 Lutherans, 847 Baptists, 584 Congregationalisms, 510 Jews, 109 Protestants general, 21 Brethren, 13 Disciples, 11 Unitarians,' 5 Adventists, 5 Free Baptists, 5 Quakers, 3 Universalists, 46 not given, 21 other denominations, 7 no religion. The Y. M, C. A. is an influential and active body, with a large membership, which maintains open rooms and a library besides covering the usual field. Year by year it is found that Manitoba's natural resources are greater and more varied than has been supposed, and just in proportion to such revelations does the probable future growth and importance of Winnipeg appear to increase. At one time Manitoba was supposed to be a purely wheat country, and now it has been proved beyond all doubt that it is also a dairy country of the first class. Creameries are in operation all over the province, their output being sent to Winnipeg for disposal by local consumption and export. Train loads of the fattest and best of cattle acres line the shores of the lake, which is nearly 300 miles in length. Capital is required to work these mines and erect the necessary blast furnaces. The fishing grounds of Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Winnipegoosis and hundreds of smaller bodies of water have scarcely been touched on yet, and already the exports to the United States amount to nearly 2,000,000 pounds per year. Illustrating the unrivalled quality of the larger sized whitefish (some of which weighing up to 13J pounds each have been exposed for sale in the city this winter) it may be said that the market in Toronto and New York to the east, Minneapolis and Kansas City to the south, and Vancouver to the west, receive regular shipments from Winnipeg. The fish are frozen, both naturally and by artificial means, and kept in that condition in freezing houses for shipment at any season, so that they are turned out fresh and firm. Building stones and brick clays are fonnd in unlimited quantities near to the city, and the tall and stately edifices lining the streets of Winnipeg bear testimony to their appearance and quality. The coal mines of the west and southwest are being worked, and the product supplies, to a great extent, the Wants of Winnipeg and the rural districts where firewood is not utilized. So vast are the deposits of coal that, thousands of square miles are when mixed with straw. A large business, as well as a profitable one is assured. There is only one paper mill in the country, and only the coarsest descriptions of paper are made. Wood pulp for the manufacture of pressed woodenware can be obtained in any quantities. Sugar is another industry which will be started here, and one which will pay. The soil here is particularly adapted for beet raising, as the roots nave the best nourishment that can he had anywhere from this rich soil, yielding over 300 bushels to the acre. The freights on sugar would make great profits, and whoever engages in this industry cannot fail in making a fortune. The raw material can be supplied at the least paying price. Manitoba is noted for the excellence of its potatoes, and the farmers frequently do not know what to do with their prodigious crops, picking out the larger ones for market and for winter supply, and letting the others rot. By starting a starch factory a market would be found for all surplus, and the demand would no. doubt equal the supply. There has been great demand in the Southern markets for Manitoba potatoes, certain species being preferable, and no better paying crop can be put in on any farm, the yieldf being so large, and the labor to raise such a crop being at the minimum. Such potatoes as do not command the highest market price could easily find their value at a starch factory. A GLANCE AT« WINNIPEG, NORTH OF THE POST OFFICE were shipped last year to Eastern Canada and England. The gold bearing rocks of the Lake of the Woods, while not within the political boundary of Manitoba, are so close to it that for all commercial purposes that district may be said to be largely tributary to Winnipeg for. its supplies. Reduction works are now in course of construction at Rat Portage*, and already large quantities of gold ore are awaiting the crusher. In Lake Winnipeg, on Black Island, within 100 miles of the city, are two large and valuable deposits of iron ore Four tons of this ore were shipped to the Car Wheel Works of J. H. Bass & Co., Chicago, Illinois, for treatment. They certify as follows:—"After being purified we operated upon it in various ways, and have produced carburet of iron, iron, steel and paint. We further say that the quality of this ore is far superior to anything yet brought to our works for treatment as from its composition it works and smelts much easier and with less fuel, and contains its own flux, melting in a common cupola furnace without any other addition except fuel, and we are fully satisfied that with proper furnaces these ores can be made to produce all the grades of iron and steel required for commercial purposes." Vast forests of timber most suitable for the manufacture of superior charcoal are on the island adjacent to the iron deposits, ■* and any quantity reaching to hundreds of thousands of underlaid with them. In the early days of the first existence of Manitoba as a province of the Dominion practically all the salt consumed in this western country was obtained from deposits in the neighborhood of Lake Manitoba, but in sections somewhat remote from the present lines of railroad, so that the poor facilities*for transport yet existing have not induced the manufacture of quantities sufficient to supply the requirements of the population. It is, however, only a question of time when these salt deposits will be drawn on for the entire supplies demanded in the Northwest. Traces of petroleum have been discovered west of the salt deposits in the Devonian formation which shows itself there. Geologists predict that stores of the fluid will be discovered when the broken country there is thoroughly explored. In this climate one of the chief building materials is paper, as it makes a warm house, when used with wood in building. As a consequence immense amounts of it are used, and it comes here from long distances, the freight being the principal item in its cost. Here the raw material—straw—can be had ;n abundance, and at certainly a lower price than it can be got elsewhere, the straw being so abundant that it has, in many cases, to be burned to be got rid of. Paper mills would give a market for this excess of straw, and not only_ building paper, but the coarser kinds of wrapping paper. And not only that, but there is a.plentiful supply of - cottonwood, just the material for print papers There is no better point than this at which to locate a pickling factory. Here all kinds of cauliflower, onions, cucumbers, and such like come to maturity, and of an excellence to produce an article to compete with the best made anywhere. The material is as good, if not better, than any that can be found anywhere, and there is already a good market ready to hand. Pork and meat factories and curing establishments are already situated here. Meat canning will become a paying business as soon as the country is more fully developed. It can be done here cheaply, being so near the supply point, and this business cannot fail in reaching gigantic proportions, the ranches near the Rocky Mountains giving an inexhaustible supply when joined to the product of the herds on the Manitoba farms. These industries are only a few of those that might be mentioned, and are referred to as instances where capitalists seeking investments should make enquiries. A new country like the Canadian Northwest, rapidly being developed, offers a field for investment such as cannot be found in older lands. ♦ New York parties have arranged with Vancouver, B.C., city council, to erect a sugar refinery there* with a minimum capacity of 100 barrels daily. The city gives $30,000 towards a site and exemption from taxation for 15 years. The works are to be in operation within eight months. 14 THE WESTERN WORLD. March The Wester Wotp. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO WESTERN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT. ACTON BURROWS, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. CIRCULATION 25,000, Which is larger than that of any other periodical in Canada published -west of Lake Superior, and is equalled by only some half dozen publications in the whole Dominion. The Western World is published on the.'15th of each month. Head OFFiCE-^-Caldwell Block, opposite the Post Office, Winnipeg, Manitoba. A Branch General Office will at once be established in "Vancouver, and other branches, for the receiving of Advertisements and Subscriptions, will shortly be opened in Montreal, Toronto, New York and Chicago. Subscription Price to Canada or the United States $2 a year ; to Europe $3.25, or Ss. od. sterling. Advertising Rates—35 cents per nonpariel line, twelve lines to an inch, 133 lines in a column. Rates for space of half a column and over and for time contracts quoted on application. Advertising copy should be sent in not later than the 7th of the month. Address all communications, THE WESTERN WORLD, Winnipeg, Canada. WINNIPEG. AND VANCOUVER, MARCH, 1890. —It may be well for the convenience of European readers to explain the abbreviations which will be noticed as frequently used in these columns after the names of places to distinguish the Province in which they are situated. Man. represents Manitoba. The provisional districts of the Northwest Territories are abbreviated as follows: Assi- niboia, Assa., Alberta, Alta., Saskatchewan, Sask. B. C. represents British Columbia ; Ont Ontario ; Que. Quebec; N. S. Nova Scotia ; N. B. New Brunswick ; and P. E. I. Prince Edward Island. THE WESTERN WORLD. The most important question for immediate consideration in Canada west of the Great Lakes, is that of immigration and the best means to secure by it density of population and the thorough development of this vast extent of territory. The publication of The Western World has been decided on at the suggession of several persons actively engaged in colonization work, who feel the necessity for a paper specially devoted to the natural resources and advantages of this region, and to the progress which is being made, and also to refute, by indisputable facts, the many erroneous statements made in regard to the climate and other matters. Boom statements and highly colored pictures will be avoided, the truth being good enough to tell. Everything bearing on the subjects above mentioned will be carefully collated from current publications and presented in condensed form, supplemented by original articles by experienced and practical men. Stories, sketches, poems, &c, of western interest will also be published, and care will be taken to omit nothing of value regarding the development of the territory covered. Tons of immigration literature, much of it worthless and exaggerated, have been issued, principally in pamphlet form, but until now no attempt has been made to supply a first class publication continuously and regularly, furnishing fresh and reliable information of current interest The publisher is well aware that there is a strong demand for such a magazine and it will be his constant aim, by the most scrupulous accuracy in the • information furnished, to thoroughly establish The WESTERN World as the standard authority on the region to which it is devoted. WINNIPEG. Considerable space is devoted in this issue to the prairie capital, the largest Canadian city west of Lake Superior. A perusal of the various articles relating to it, particularly those on commercial matters and on realty, will show that the city is established on a sound and permanent basis and that the disastrous effects of the boom period have been thoroughly effaced. That there is a highly pros- J perous future before it is unmistakably felt by I its people and that this confidence extends to outsiders is evidenced by the investments made here I during the past year. Though less than fifteen years old, Winnipeg possesses substantial and permanent improvements which are the wonder of Eastern and European visitors. Its citizens com- | prise an enterprising class of men whose tireless energy can not fail to keep it in the front rank of progress and who, as the western prairies fill up with settlers, will undoubtedly make of it the Chi- | cago of the Canadian Northwest. TEN YEAR'S PROGRESS. The farming resources of the Canadian Northwest have been most wonderfully developed within the few years that railroad communication has made general settlement practicable, and the spread of railroads over the country is not only the strongest factor in its development but the best evidence of its success. Ten years ago farming, as it is now understood, had scarcely an existence. Several years before 1880 there were outlying groups of English speaking settlers at such points as Westbourne, Gladstone, Carberry, Carman and Nelson, but the Mennonites-were the only people who had ventured to settle outside the shelter of the timber along the river tracks, and no one thought of raising grain or stock for export. It is only nine years since the first locomotive crossed the Red Payer of the north, and now the country is covered with a network of railroads, unequalled in the record of any new country's progress. There are already three competing railroads entering the country, and two more, the Winnipeg and Duluth, and the Hudson's Bay route, are certain to be opened in the near future. The western division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, with a total of 2,000 miles, two-thirds of it in Manitoba, the Northern Pacific and Manitoba with.266 miles" built last season, the Manitoba and North Western -with 240 miles, the Northwest Central with 50 miles, and further west the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan and the Alberta railroads, with others projected, show the confidence of the financial world in the rapid and certain development of the districts they traverse. Railway companies do not go' on extending their lines every year without having satisfied themselves that the lands they go through will, when fully cultivated, help them to pay satisfactory dividends. The nature of the land and the conditions of the country show why railroad extension has been gone into so freely. In one year an industrious man may break, backset and prepare for seeding as much land as he could have cleared in fifteen in the east, and it is easier to harvest a 40 acre crop in Manitoba thairit would have been to do 20 in the east. By the use of improved machinery one skilled man with a team can put in .and collect a crop, almost incredible to those familiar only with the agricultural processes of older countries. In j many cases too much dependence has been placed upon those easy methods of cultivation and disappointment has followed. But men realty experienced in farming have been able, if prudent and provident to acquire in a few years means enough to render them practically independent Unfortunately, when the great rush of immigration- took place in the three years following 1880, thousands of speculative adventurers came in, allured by the promise of free homesteads, who knew next to nothing of farming, and did not mean to farm more than just enough to fulfil in the slightest way the easy terms on which the government granted a title, and then sell their homesteads to the next comers. This speculative holding kept out very many capable men, who with' the same opportunities could have done very much to advance their own fortunes and promote the general prosperity of the country Thousands of the best and most prosperous men here are of this very class, who coming with small means and much energy and capacity have in a few years turned the wild prairie into fruitful fields covered with the unbeaten No. 1 hard red Fyfe wheat, which is the boast and glory of Manitoba and the Northwest Mixed farming is now generally admitted to be much safer than grain growing alone, and the rearing of cattle and horses as well as dairying is now extensively followed everywhere. With*-a* million acres of land ready for seeding' in Manitoba alone this season, and a robust, skilful and hopeful farming population now fully conversant with the methods of husbandry most suitable to the country, Manitoba has before her a most promising future, Her progress during the last ten years is evidenced by the thousands of fine farms found in every direction, her prosperous towns, her educational institutions, her religions organizations, and all the varied manifestations of a,prosperous and progressive people. All she needs to make her future progress still more rapid, is more settlers of the right sort. WHAT CAN BE DONE; The Western World intends to show from I time to time the resources of the great Canadian j Northwest and Pacific regions, and it has full faith i in the rapid development of these resources with- ! in a shprt period. Considering that it is scarcely ten years since these resources were made known to the outside world and only five years since the opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway on Canadian soil made the country west of Lake Superior easy of access, the development of the Canadian Northwest has been very wonderful. This development has certainly not been helped but a good deal hindered by the climatic conditions of those few years. The year 1887 was one calculated to give settlers and visitors of a doubtful turn of mind a revelation of the wonderful power of the climate and soil of the new Northwest It was not uncommon in the winter following that fruitful year to see big piles of grain in bags tying for weeks on railroad platforms, and even on the streets of one half the towns of Manitoba, simply because the whole available means of transport were not half sufficient to immediately carry out the great crop of wheat harvested in the previous season. Old residents say that in the years immediately preceding the great rush of immigration in the "boom" years of 1882-3 such crops were the regular rule, that the seasons here, as elsewhere in the world, run in cycles, and that according to all previous experience the Northwest is now on the eve of a period of abundance. The past season was a very dry one. The previous fall had been equally dry and-the winter exceptionally mild and fine with very limited snowfall, so that the seed of 1889 was put in so dry, with a correspondingly dry summer following, that in many cases the yield was discouraging. But even these 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. 15 poor, yields have not been attributed by any one to want of fertility in the soil, and the most capable farmers of the country assert and have fully proved in their own experience that more thorough -cultivation, and a more careful adaptation of their methods of cultivation to the peculiarities of the season would have enabled them in a great degree to master the difficulties of the situation and produce capital paying crops, with even the limited amount of rainfall which took place in the last -crop year, the very driest ever known to settlers here. The minimum yield of a new country is always a safe criterion by which to estimate its farming possibilities, and it is safe to say that the last was just such a season. Notwithstanding this fact there are farmers all over the country, and in some districts a great many of them, who can truthfully report average yields running all the way from 15 to- 25 and' in some cases up to 30 bushels per acre , for their whole wheat area, running from 50 to 200 i acres each. And plenty of these men say with • confidence that with the suggestions derived from their experience last year, with more suitable methods of cultivation, already put to the test and found satisfactory, they could so handle their land as to ensure a paying crop in the worst possible season. But whether he is to be engaged in farming or any other line of business, no man of ordinary sound judgment makes his prospective estimates either from a year of splendid results or of exceptional business losses and disappointments. He takes the average of a number of years, the best with the worst, and, to the best of his ability, seeks to forecast whether the coming years are likely to get above or go below that average, and decides accordingly. Tried by this common sense view of the case the future merits of the Canadian Northwest as a farming country are beyond question, and will bear any amount of fair investigation. It is not contended, no prudent man would seek to contend that there have not been already or will not again be drawbacks and disadvantages here as elsewhere in every line of business, farming not excepted, but it can be truthfully contended that to the right man, farming steadily and intelligently pursued, offers attractions and rewards here rarely to be found elsewhere. The boom of 1882 brought thousands of men here who had been failures in every other place and in every other line of business, who were in fact mere speculators and adventurers. These men, knowing next to nothing of real farming, but frequently launching out into extensive schemes that nothing short of a miracle could save from disaster, got hold of thousands of free homesteads, did in a way the limited amount of duties required by the law, mortgaged their lands for all the money they could get upon them, and after doing all the harm they could, had to leave or were driven out of the country, where they had unfortunately got hold to the exclusion of better men. There could be but one form of experience for such adventurers, and serious loss and discredit to the country as the fruit of their operations. The aggregate experience of the real farmer, the man who came not to get hold of land as a means to lucky speculation, but to make a home for himself and family, and by steady and persevering industry build up at the same time his own fortune and the prosperity of the country, is the only-proper criterion to which a careful enquirer can look for light on his own j chances here. It is precisely to the experience of f this sort of farmers, who can be found everywhere, | that The Western World would point the new comer for light and leading. One such case is given in detail on another page of this issue. Mr. Alexander Nichol, a capable and experienced farmer, now Reeve of his municipality, settled west of Brandon in 1882, and reaped his first wheat crop of five and a half acres the following year, the yield being rather more than 35 bushels per acre. His last crop in 1888, the worst season of his experience here, made an average of 15 bushels on 220 acres sown. Part of this was on hard stubble, plowed dry in the fall and so left till spring, the worst possible, sort of handling in such a year. Over his seven year's crop, with one very good and two very dry season's, he had an average of 30 bushels per acre for his whole wheat crop. Deduct from this two year's yield for fallow and depreciation, and there is still left an average yield for a not too favorable cycle of seasons of 21£ bushels obtainable from land that did not costits owner $5 per acre and is now worth double that money. This statement, publicly made six months ago by a man well known in his own neighborhood, has never been challenged, and as Mr. Nichol well says, "Mine is not an exceptional case.' ■ There are scores of men here, who were only tenants in Ontario or farm hands in Great Britain, in the same enviable position as Mr. Nichol. Where they were, their chances for improving their condition were hampered and circumscribed. Here they own their own land, with buildings, stock and general equipment for their proper cultivation, and families of farm servants from Great Britain might be pointed to who in 'eight or ten years have by settlement and purchase become possessors of 1,000 acres of land as good as that on which at home they could never hope to rise above the condition of hired servants. And there are plenty of such men who will readily testify that comparing the advantages accruing from improved railroad communications,- ready markets aud superior social advantages, land at $10 per acre to-day is as cheap as theirs, which cost in money only a few dollars - of entry fees. In view of these facts and such experiences is it- not legitimate to come to the same conclusion as Mr. Nichol when he says, "I am well pleased with the country and the prospects before me, and think that any one who is able and willing, to work, and has some capital to start upon, can do well in this country, a good deal easier than in the older countries.'' THE MEN FOR MANITOBA. The letters of Messrs. John H. Griggs and of Alexander Nichol, in another column of this issue, indicate pretty plainly, both the sort of people who should, and the kind who should not try their hands at farming in the Northwest. The man who gives a welcome ear to the pleasing fiction that you only need to "tickle the land and it will respond with a laughing harvest," and carries out all his operations with implicit confidence in that venera- j ble fiction is not the man that will achieve permanent success in any line of farming yet tried here. He must first of all know all he can of his business before coming here. One hears of young gentlemen who do not know the difference between a hoe and a hay fork being sent out with .£150 premium in the expectation that their teachers are in >, two years to transform them into capable western farmers. Such faith if foredoomed to disappoint- j ment and all such plans to miserable failure. The j men who are to succeed here must have been moulded in a somewhat different style. However their former experience may have differed from what they must practice here, they must [have had j experience of real work, but not of work alone. Thought, skill, aptitude to learn from their own successes and failures, as well as from observations of the same things in other men's experience, careful, cautious, ready to turn their hands to anything, and grudging' no pains to ensure the result they aim at. Such farmers are not made anywhere in a year or two, but when found they fill the bill and rarely fail to secure success. What is quite as much to the point is they could not succeed anywhere else without just the very same qualities as are wanted here. Sir Frederick Young, speaking for South Africa at a recent meeting of the Colonial Institute, in London, said, and the utterances of such a man ought to carry weight anywhere: " Colonization is a subject on which I wish to say a few words. The definition given by Adam Smith of the three elements of national wealth, Land, Labour, and Capital, cannot be too often repeated. How to blend them in proper proportions is a problem which has puzzled generations of statesmen, philosophers, and philanthropists. I have always been a warm advocate for colonization. It appears to me to be a question of such supreme national importance that I think it ought to be undertaken by the State. This, of course, means that it is possible, as it is undoubtedly indispensable, to get a Government to act wisely and well. In order to have a chance of its being successful, colonization must be conducted on sound principles and practice. "In South Africa I have seen millions of acres of fertile land—in Bechuanaland, in Natal, in the eastern and western provinces of the Cape Colony, to say nothing of the Transvaal—capable of supporting many thousands of our surplus population. But I have also satisfied myself that it is no use whatever to transplant those who are unfitted for it. Instead of a success, certain failure will be the result of an attempt so unwise. Colonial life is alone suitable for the enterprising, energetic, steady, and industrious men and women who are determined, with patience and courage, to overcome the difficulties and trials which they must certainly encounter on the road to ultimate success. South Africa is a land of promise for them. It is by no means so for the feeble, the self-indulgent, the helplessly dependent class, of whom, unfortunately, we have so large a number in the over- populated Old Country. Cordial co-operation with the self-governing Colonies is also absolutely indispensable to ensure success in any national system of colonization. It is equally essential that a strict selection of the right sort of people should be made. According too, to their positions in life, they must be provided with sufficient means to support them on their first arrival, while they are settling themselves, and their crops are growing, and they are enquiring knowledge of the natural conditions of the new land, to which they have been transplanted. "These are the principles necessary to be observed in any nation's system of colonization. Thev apply to all the other British Colonies equally with South Africa, in order to prevent failure and command success." What is most of all to the point, when the man possessing in the requisite proportions, skill, industry and limited financial resources, wishes to invest them in. a new country and make that country his future home, he wants to know where they can be located to the best advantage, and here the Northwest presents attractions that compare most favorably with anything in the old world or the new. Give him an acre of uncleared bush in the very best spot open to free settlement in Eastern Canada and the cost of the toil needed to clear that rocky wilderness would buy two acres of the best and costliest land in Manitoba. There can not be any free land anywhere approaching in attractiveness that which is now being settled upon in the Lake Dauphin distriet of Manitoba. Much is said of the fruitful lands of Kansas and Nebraska in the United States. Last year and three years ago they did have very large yields of Indian corn, the staple crop down there. In the first of those years the Chicago Tribune stated cases in which after a car of corn from Western 16 THE WESTERN WORLD. March: ' Nebraska was sold in that city the returns did not cover the costs incurred after the corn had left the farmers hands, and sometimes all he had back was five cents a bushel. This year the price runs from 11 cents in out of the way towns to 15 cents in the best markets of Kansas. Low as wheat rules in the world's markets to-day, is there any chance of its ever falling in value to the level indicated by such prices as these ? There is the authority of the St. Paul Pioneer Press, the leading paper in Minnesota, U. S. A., for saying that while their markets are glutted with corn from the heaviest crop they have ever reaped, many farmers are without money to buy the commonest necessaries of life. A 50 bushel crop at 15 cents is only $7.50 per acre and the same crop at 12 cents is only §6. This is for their best crop in their best season. There are farmers in Manitoba who in 1888 drew §30 per acre at the price of that one crop, got with much less labor than any corn crop ever reaped in Kansas. Turning from the United States, it may be well to enquire what attractions Australia offers to the British farmer. Not long ago a correspondent of • an Edinburgh paper wrote as follows :— " Those who come here, bringing a small capital to embark in agriculture, are often grievously disappointed. It is quite true that land is cheap, and that conditional purchase leases are granted on easj terms; but the British immigrant should know that a great deal of the land is sterile, heavily timbered, or, most important of all, without a sufficient water supply. The terrible droughts to which Australia is subject render agriculture, in New South Wales at least, an extremely precarious investment, and few Australian capitalists would care to put money in it. The farmers here are a very different class from those at home, being mostly Irish or German immigrants, who contrive to eke out a scanty livelihood by cultivation of the most primitive kind. Their social position is that of an English laborer, and their lives ar&passed in hard, monotonous toil. In bad seasons, which here are of frequent occurrence, they get into debt to the storekeepers, who are for the most part money-lenders, and mortgage both their crops and their farms; they are charged a high price for commodities, fall further and further into arrears, and not unfrequently, after years of labor, see their homes pass into other hands. Of course, much of this is owing to their ignorance of agriculture; but it is doubtful if the most scientific farming of the Lothians, backed by a fair amount of capital, could guard successfully against the climatic influences, which are such terrible foes to the Australian farmer. Victoria, though subject to drought,j has a climate better suited for agriculture than that of New South Wales; but her territory is much smaller, and almost all the land, except in out-of- the-way places, is taken up." But though the Canadian Northwest is in one or other of its sections well worthy the attention of intending emigrants from Europe, there are no settlers so desirable as farmers and sons of farmers from the older provinces of Canada, and these are the men who can most readily comprehend the attractions offered by wide stretches of fertile land, ready for the breaking plow, and often with scarcely a stone in the way of the pioneer's plowshare. To a man who has grown old before his time, chopping, burning, stoning and stumping, the advantage of entering on land where a single man with a yoke of oxen can in one working season prepare 40 acres for a good wheat crop in the next, needs no " booming." There is in some cases no timber of any sort but by proper care nice shelter belts can be secured in a few years time, and meantime, his fields are giving returns undreamt of in the" days when the three cornered harrow was the chief implement of husbandry and the cradle the foremost means of cutting grain crops. No end of testimonies might be offered from among the older settlers here of the difference they have felt be tween old times in the east and their pioneering experience here. But as railroads spread and the more difficult problems of cultivation are being solved the troubles of the beginners get fewer, and difficulties are smoothed out It is not pretended that there are no "difficulties and draw-backs, but it is safe to say that they are becoming every year less formidable. The cold is one of the first objections made. But that has its own advantages, and the Jast winter which was an exceptionally mild one was one which no old timer interested in farming would wish to see repeated. The winter now closing has been much more severe and with much more snowfall than some of those preceding it, and every farmer notes the fact with- rejoicing as an augury of a capital summer following. In the portion of the United States to the north of the Canadian Northwest there have been two mild winters in succession, and this is the way the St. Paul Pioneer Press speaks of the genial winters :— " There is not a resident of Minnesota, we venture to say, who would not vote for a return of the most rigorous season ever known to this latitude rather than for a third visitation like that of last winter and this. We have had a taste of the imported winter climate of the Southern zone, and it is a taste that goes a long way. To begin with the j business aspect, these phenomenally mild winters are financially disastrous. We must confess to an utter breakdown of the theory that they are helpful to the poor or beneficial to the laboring man. But the worst effect is seen upon the public health. We have no need to refer to the mortality records' of the nation. There is prostration, sickness, death everywhere. We suffer less than others, because we still have occasional days of the good, old invigorating sort, when a breath from the north gives us strength enough to sustain a siege of lowering skies and steaming streets. But we, too, have felt physically the assults of unseasonable weather in an almost general prostration by the prevailing malady. And the most inveterate corn- plainer understands at last that there are more deaths of young and old, in and following one of these unseasonable winters, than' ever came from severity of climate. There is no gain to match the loss. The poor man has saved, perhaps, a few dollars from his fuel bill; but he is much more likely to have lost instead the means of purchasing fuel, or he has consumed in doctors' bills several times the amount of the saving. And so there is one long cry, --oh, for a genuine Minnesota winter. Let us have again the hyperborean breezes, laden with ozone, that shall shrivel and crush these germs that lurk in the moisture saturated air. Welcome the white flag, with its central square of black, that tells us of a wave on its journey from the frozen pole. Give us but a few weeks of our native climate, and cheeks will be round and rosy, and hearts full of cheer once more. And to the last day of his life, though the seasons should be as unexampled in their severity as these have been- in their mildness, will the man who has passed through the winters of 1888-90 never dare raise a voice against a climate whose virtues we have not sounded half as valiantly as they deserve.'' A WARNING FROM CHILI. Mr. R. T. C. Cameron, writes from Falca, Chili, under recent date, to the Winnipeg Free Press :— "By a letter recently received from a friend in Canada, I am told there are a great number of Canadian railroad men about to leave for this country, and through the medium of your columns I should like to warn anybody before taking such a step. Before my departure from Canada for Chili, I read a great deal in newspapers regarding the railway projects which were to be carried out by the Chilian Government through the medium of an American syndicate, calling itself the North and South American Construction company. The accounts as given in the press, I found on my arrival out here in April last were sad misrepresentations of the real state of affairs. The syndicate was at loggerheads with the Government on financial and other matters, and frequent squabbles were the rule of the day between the engineers of both parties, resulting in some cases in the com-" plete paralization of the works, to the detriment of those who had taken contracts. After a while, in August, the affairs of the syndicate were in such a state that the result was a complete change in I the management, a German Jew of some influence, in Chili, but utterly ignorant of railroading, Don Julio Bernstein, being appointed chief. The works were again begun all over the country, but only to get into a deeper mess, and at the present time none of us know how affairs will turn out, or if we will ever receive a cent for work done. Such is the state of affairs in connection with I the syndicate. Another trouble is the poor rate of exchange, and consequent loss in the value of the paper dollar, that added to the extremely low I prices given for contract work made matters worse. j In fact, even if affairs do take a better turn, the profits will be next to nothing,' and perhaps barely enough to cover the expenses' of a ticket for the return journey to Canada. This country is about the last for Canadians to come to, as many have found to their cost, and I therefore write these lines to warn anybody intending to make a long" and fruitless journey here." ' GERMANS IN MANITOBA. Der Nordwester, the German paper published in Winnipeg, has in a recent issue an article on "The New German Immigrants in Winnipeg.'' It states- there were in no former year, so many arrivals of" German immigrants in Winnipeg as during the winters of this and last years. Most of■»those who spent last winter here were from Austria and Russia; they settled in the spring in the neighborhood of" Medicine Hat, Assa., forming the largest German I settlement in the Northwest Territory. At present I there are many families of German farmers in Winnipeg, of whom about forty arrived from the 1 old country after the end of October. These are all undecided as yet, where they will take up their free homesteads in the-spring. Several were very well situated in their former homes, having had from four to six horses, 20 cattle, etc., and only a regard for their numerous children and the prospects of getting a large extent of land in the Canadian Northwest have induced them to emigrate. Besides the political relations in Russia are becoming more and more intolerable. Der Nordwester learns that in consequence a great many families will arrive here in the coming spring and later, of I whom some will bring a few thousand dollars with i them and be able at once to make a good start. Two-thirds or more of the Germans who have hitherto settled here have been quite poor people, ! but by industrious labor and intelligent observation I of the pecularities of the country, they have made good progress. All the Germans who are now in I Winnipeg waiting for the spring, so far as known, | are making a very favorable impression and Der ! Nordwester extends to them a hearty welcome. Premier Greenway recently stated in the Manitoba Legislature he had reason to believe that the estimate that 8,000 had been added to the population by immigration during the past year was far too small. Greater efforts during the coming season were proposed, and the House would be asked. for a larger sum of money. It was proposed to extend the operations across the Atlantic, and to undertake -work in the United States. A most efficient man was working in Ontario and there were sure to be good results. A letter from Rev. Father Decorby, missionary to the Germans at Langenburg, Assa., gives the following about the progress of the colony :—"Next spring, under the skilful direction of Mr. Reidle, who is devoted to them, and spares no trouble to "advance the progress of the colony, they are going to have a fine house, one and a half stories high, which will serve at the same time as a school, church and dwelling for the school master and priest A small addition at one end of the house will be used as a chapel. An altar ■will be erected in it, and on Sundays and festivals the folding- doors closing this part will be pushed back, and the whole will be thus transformed into a church, where the people for some years to come will find room enough to join in the services. Mr. Riedle had not even forgotton the little bell tower, front whence a small bell will call the good settlers of Landsheet to prayers and service. But all this is only for the first years. When the people are better off and more numerous they are surely going to build something better. I have confidence in this settlement" % 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. MUNICIPALITY OF MACDONALD. The following statement in reference to this municipality has been prepared under the direction of the municipal council, and is therefore to be regarded as official. What will be a prominent feature of the tide of immigration to the Northwest in the next few years will be the diversion of a large portion of it to the unoccupied lands in the eastern and central i portions of Manitoba, and more especially to the vacant lands in the immediate neighborhood of Winnipeg. The old adage, " Go further and fare j worse," has never been more strikingly exempli- j fied than in the inclination of new comers to ' push on to far away and remote parts of the • country. The past season, however, has indicated j the coming of a change in that respect, which is : expected to be made more apparent during the j present season. Of the different tracts of unoccupied land in the j vicinity of Winnipeg that covered by the Munici- | pality of Macdonald furnishes so many exceptional advantages to the immigrant that a knowledge of the same is all that is required to ensure a very large influx of settlers during the coming year. ; This municipality, as will be seen by reference to ; the sketch map here given, is situated to the i southwest of and adjoining the corporate limits of j the city of Winnipeg, covering territory 18 miles j north and south, by ,12 miles east and west. Its geographical position in the Red River valley is ; sufficient evidence of the fertility of the soil, I and nothing further need be said on that point I than to state that there is not an acre of barren land in the whole municipality. The | Pembina Mountain branch of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way running trans- versly across it makes all parts of it accessible by rail; the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway skirting its eastern boundary ensures competitive rates, while the markets of the city of Winnipeg, available at all times to the fanner, secure him from anxiety as to the disposition of his produce, a matter of great importance anywhere, but more especially in a new country. THE TENURE OF LAND. This was territory granted to the native population in 1872, in pursuance of the act for the extinguishment of the Indian title, and was allotted to them in fee simple, with the result that the ownership of the unoccupied very nearly all passed into the possession of the monied men and financial institutions of the city of Winnipeg. The prices and terms of sale are as reasonable as it is possible to make them. From $3 to $6 per acre may be cited as the ruling price, with 25 per cent paid down. Some of the holders will even allow the purchaser to retain the cash payment on condition of its being expended on improvements on the land. And in all cases the intending settler may count on the fullest liberality as to terms, and on honorable and fair dealing as well. ITS POPULATION. The farmers of this municipality, leaving out those who went in during the last year or two, are principally those who took up their homesteads in advance of the survey in 1872 and before the granting of it to the native population. The fact of their choosing this part thus early is very good evidence of its superiority as a place for settlement ; and on its being locked up as a native reserve they still preferred their location with the certainty of material prosperity, though accompanied by their isolation in the midst of unoccupied territory. This refers especially to those who settled along the Salle river (so named after the eminent explorer) in advance of the survey. They now see the approach of the time when unoccupied land will be the exception and not the rule. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. The district was organized as a municipality in 1882, and the vigilance and determination which have always characterized the ratepayers of Macdonald in their oversight of municipal affairs has resulted first in the municipality being actually clear of debt, and secondly in a system of municipal improvements in roads, bridges and drains superior without exception to that of any other municipality in the Province of Manitoba. The outlines on the sketch map'show in brief the various most' important works. The new comer will at once reap the full benefit and advantage of these important public works and not be called on to pay any part of their cost, which has all been defrayed from year to year by direct taxation, and the entire system being practically completed, the rate of taxation for the future must be low. These improvements include 60 miles of road graded an average of two feet high, 33 miles of drains dug, of an average width of eight feet by three feet deep, besides three first- class bridges across the Salle river and others on the numerous creeks leading thereto. SCHOOLS. There are five schools of the Protestant denomination in the municipality, making school privileges convenient in the principal settlements. It may be mentioned here that the settlers are nearly all English speaking people from the older provinces of Canada. The different settlements named are Donore and Macdonald in township 7, Ashland and La Salle in township 8, and Otto settlement in the northern part of the municipality nearest Winnipeg, which has been formed during the past year, and which may be taken as a good index of what may be accomplished in a short time, in the way of large fields ready for seed, substantial buildings, ■wells of good water, doubt but the dry period has passed and that during the coming summer the prairies will be abundantly saturated by rain, as the wet atmosphere that rested on the eastern provinces last summer and this winter is evidently drifting westward. Sufficient summer rains will make an extraordinary change in the condition of "Manitoba; once more the fields will carry a heavy yield of grain, meadows will be loaded with hay, and as was the case in years that are past, cattle will show only the upper portion of their bodies as they wade midst a sea of verdue. The vast flocks of wild fowl will return, shoals of fish will force their way from the great lakes up the swollen rivers, and Manitoba will appear as it did when the admiration of the first settlers was excited to the utmost by the existence, year after year, of the finest crops that any country ever produced." A VIGOROUS POLICY WANTED. parts, has and a school in operation, all done in tbe short space of less than nine months. To the stranger who may contemplate locating in Macdonald, nothing is of more importance than for him to know that he will deal with persons from whom nothing but fair treatment is to be expected, and in view of the above he is referred for guidance and advice at the outset to the managers of the Imperial Bank, the Merchants Bank and the Bank of Ottawa in Winnipeg. Application can also be made to Aikens & Montgomery and T. A. Gamble, dealers in real estate, Winnipeg, who have large lists of lands for sale. GOOD SEASONS COMING. The Pilot Mound, Manitoba, Sentinel, the editor of which, Mr. Murdoch, is an observing and thoroughly practical man, says:—"There is much evidence that wet and dry periods of five or six years each have existed in this country during the past. In the northwest portion of the province, near Fort Ellice, and on both sides of the Assiniboine, it is no uncommon thing to see the old cart trails passing through low portions of the prairie that, until lately, have been covered by water ever since the country has been settled. As a further proof of the former dry condition of the plains a couple of old pitchforks were discovered a few months ago near the centre of what for years has been a large slough but which, last season, .was dry enough to pass over -with the mower. It is believed that the old pitchforks had been lost or left by some members of the mounted police force, once stationed at Fort Ellice, and who must have cut hay in that meadow many years ago. There is little Senator Loughheed, of Calgary, speaking in the Dominion Senate recently, in seconding the address in reply to the speech from the throne said: I may indulge in the hope, at this juncture, that the Government of the Dominion will yet see its way to the adoption of an exceptionally vigorous immigration policy, which will be commensurate with the resources of our country. I am satisfied it is difficult to secure such a volume of immigration as will be adequate to the settlement of the country, by reason of the American Government, the South American Republics and the Australasian Governments expending such vast sums of money toward turning the tide of European immigration to their respective shores. Yet, I would venture the opinion that the adoption by the Dominion Government of an immigration policy equally vigorous to that adopted by other nations upon this continent would receive the en- dorsation and support of the Dominion at large, even though it might necessitate the negotiation of a new loan for the more effectual carrying out of that object. It is unnecessary for me to say, because it has been reiterated for years, that our Northwest country possesses every inducement for immigration. Using almost the language contained in the address, we have there incomparable agricultural capabilities ; our mountains, our plains and our rivers teem with mineral wealth ; our grazing lands, in the production of nutritious grasses, are unequalled on the continent; our climatic conditions are most favorable, and these, with other natural advantages, when developed, I am satisfied will eventually result in making that country the dominant portion of this Dominion. Satisfaction is expressed in the address at the signs of progress which are there evident. Cities and towns are springing into life where a short time ago lay but silent plains. We find marts of commerce making a chain over the length of that vast territory ; we find industries being gradually established. The plough of the settler is turning the virgin soil in all directions, and now railroads are beginning to precede settlement and are becoming the pioneers of settlement and civilization. This measure of growth in what I might term the last decade of years is a subject for particular pride and satisfaction. It manifests the energy and pluck of Canadian enterprise ; it suggests the great possibilities which may be accomplished by the efforts of a united people. A recent telegram from New York announced the arrival there of the steamer Finance, from Brazil, with forty Germans and Hungarians who sailed from New York last November to start a colony near Maranham, Brazil. They were in a wretched condition, and said they were promised houses, farms, tools and capital, but were given only palm-leaf huts, in a swamp of uncultivable land, and no tools, but were paid 30 milreis a month for each family—a sum not sufficient to buy food. After great suffering they were finally given passage back to New York. L 18 THE WESTERN WORLD. March ROCKWOOD MUNICIPALITY. The description of this Municipality, here given, has been prepared by the Municipal Clerk, Mr. Thomas Frankland, under the direction of the council. The Province of Manitoba is surveyed in townships and ranges. The townships are belts of land 6 miles wide from north to south, and the ranges are divided 6 miles wide from east to west, thus parceling out the land into blocks 6 miles square containing 36 sections of land, each section containing 640 acres. Rockwood Municipality consists of townships 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, ranges 1 2, and west half of 3 east of the principal meridian, comprising an area of 36 miles from north to south by 15 miles from east to west. The south eastern corner is distant about 12 miles from Winnipeg, the capital city of the Province, while its northern territory is bounded on the east and west by the two great lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba. Situated at such a convenient distance from the capital city, the great distributing point in the province, gives Rockwood market facilities inferior to none, and the ameliorating influences of the two large bodies of water mentioned and the extensive forests, especially to the north, with bluffs of timber dotting the prairies all over its area, make it one of the most promising municipalities in Manitoba. The highest elevation of the land is along a ridge running north and south through its entire length at about the boundary line between ranges 1 and 2 from which point the land has a gentle slope east and west; this ridge forming the dividing line between the water sheds of the two great lakes. The surface soil in general is a rich dark loam, though in some parts it is lighter and more sandy and in others a gravelly loam. The subsoil varies from a thick layer of white clay, which is found to make excellent brick, to gravel; the whole resting upon a limestone foundation of perhaps the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian geological ages. It will be readily seen by the careful reader that for mixed farming, few if any sections in Manitoba can offer so many advantages to the intending settler. At the foot of the eastern and western slopes hay of the best quality is procured while along the sides of the ridge the far famed No. 1 hard wheat as a staple product and the intervening bluffs furnish all the fuel, fence material and build- in°r timber required by the inhabitants, with an abundance to spare. The population at present is something over 2000 and the land taken up and settled upon is about 100,000 acres, of this 20,000 acres is under cultiva- • tion. From this land up to the middle of January 1890 the station agent at the local market, Stonewall, states there were shipped 62,415 bushels of wheat alone and 2000 sacks of flour, and when the nearness of the district to the Winnipeg market ■ is borne in mind, it must be concluded that at least 100,000 bushels have been marketed not taking into consideration the fact that two rol- j ler process mills at Stonewall and Balmoral have ! been kept supplied. It is further estimated-that the quantity of wheat now 'January 18, 1890) held for market together with what will be required for bran and seed is at about 130,000 bushels. The total estimated crop of wheat raised in the municipality in 1889 was about 240,000 bushels, notwithstanding the drouth that prevailed in the early part of last season and the average per acre was not far short of ■ 25 bushels. The other grains raised were very much influenced by the drouth, but oats averaged 25 bushels (about half the usual yield) and barley was about the same or two thirds of the general average of other jrears. Potatoes and turnips were | a fair yield but came short of former years, amply j sufficient however for home demands and a respectable surplus for other markets. In live stock, I from the returns given in-to the assessor, it is estima- j ted that there are about 1000 horses, a large num- ber of which are well bred draught and roadsters. Neat cattle number about 6000 with several herds of thorough bred, among them there are 500 sheep and 1000 pigs. One or two enterprising settlers have several colonies of bees that are now (Jan. j IK, 1890) in their winter quarters for the second time, and from the favorable reports of past seasons this will no doubt in the future add to the resources of the province. The gopher pest so common in the west is not known here. In the bluffs are j found wild raspberries, blackberries, high and low ! bush cranberries, currants, gooseberries, plums, j grapes, and wild hops. The fact of these being indigenous has led several to think that cultivated fruits of these and other varieties will succeed well I on this favored inland peninsula. Apple trees, ] Russian and Northwest seedlings, together with a ' large number of varieties of plums have been on trial for nearly three years, and so far as reports indicate they will soon be added to our products. For many years small fruits have been found to succeed, almost every old settler having them growing in his garden. Vegetables of all kinds do well, water melons, squash, pumpkins, &c, ripening in the open air. Stonewall, situated on the Stonewall branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, contains a registry office, county court office and municipal buildings, 4 churches, Church of England, Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist, two schools, 1 normal for training of teachers, 1 post office, 4 general stores, 2 groceries, 2 hardware, 1 tin shop, 1 drug store, 1 millinery and dressmaking establishment, 1 watch maker, 1 merchant tailor, 2 blacksmith, 1 harness shop, i bellows factory, 2 hotels, 1 livery, 1 furniture store, 1 wagon shop, 2 butchers, 1 carpenter, I 1 bakery, 1 cheese factory, 1 doctor, 1 lumber yard, 4 implement dealers, and a roller process grist mill of 50 barrels capacity daily, 1 skating rink, 3 grain warehouses, 1 newspaper, also extensive stone quarries, and lime kilns, the output of which is reported at $50,000 yearly. Its population is 326. The prices paid by buyers of wheat this year in this enterprising little village have ranged at from 65 cts. to 76 cts. per bushel. At Stony Mountain, also on the Stonewall branch of the C. P. R., 8 miles south east of Stonewall, is situated the Provincial Penitentiary. There are also 1 hotel, 1 general store and post office, 1 blacksmith shop, 1 creamery, extensive quarries, several lime kilns and 1 brick yard, together with 2 excellent schools and Presbyterian, -Church of England and Roman Catholic churches. Eight miles north of Stone- 'wall is the village of Balmoral where there are 2 churches, Methodist and Presbyterian, fifty barrel I roller process mill, 2 general stores, post office, 1 school, 3 blacksmith shops, 1 shoemaker, 1 hotel, 2 doctors, &c. In different parts of the municipality are 19 public schools and churches of different denominations as well as ample conveniencies as to post offices, &c. The roads are becoming gradually graded. In fact strangers travelling upon them invariably comment on the progress made in this direction during the 10 years of the establishment of the Municipality. Besides the coulies and small lakes that here and there occur, for watering cattle, excellent water can be had by digging or drilling into the rock. There are several flowing wells along the eastern slope. To the north there are pretty extensive groves of spruce, tamarac, pine poplar and oak, and a saw mill is located in the neighborhood. The implement supplies for the farmer are shipped in abundance, the dealers in Stonewall alone reporting sales during the past year to the amount of $25,000, and one agent at Balmoral has no doubt made sales in proportion to that amount. The foregoing will give some idea of the capabilities of the land, &c, in this section, but like other portions of Manitoba the demand of boom prices has kept much of the land practically out of market. Now there seems to be a disposition to sell at reasonable figures. The total area of the Municipality is 345,600 acres, of which 100,000 is owned by settlers, 91,520 is Crown land or belonging to the C. P. R., and 154,080 is in the hands of non resident owners. Nearly 250,000 acres can be selected from and a large portion of this is as desirable land as that already settled upon. During the past year there has been quite an improvement in land transactions, the registrar reporting 40 per cent increase over each of the last former years, and no doubt when intending immigrants are informed of the resources of this, one of the most productive municipalities in the province, the available lands will soon be occupied by incoming settlers. The cry hitherto has been westward,. and the lands within a radius of 20 miles from Winnipeg have been kept in the back ground. In concluding this article it may be well to mention the.names of several prominent settlers, any one of whom no doubt will gladly give information to prospective immigrants. The council is composed of James Toombs, Reeve, Stonewall; Alex. Hickev, farmer, Stonewall; Geo. G. Graham; blacksmith, Stonewall; John Siddons, farmer, Stonewall ; George Tocher, farmer, Balmoral; William Andrew, farmer, Balmoral; Wm. C. Ross, farmer, Foxton ; Thos. Frankland, County Clerk, Stonewall; Thos.' Lusted, Registrar, Stonewall; S. J. Jackson, M.P.P., Stonewall; S. L. -Bedson, Warden of Penitentiary, Stony Mountain. About 50 new buildings were erected in the village of Carberry, Man., last season. Land south of Portage la Prairie, Man., has risen rapidly in value during the past season. A nugget of gold recently taken to Victoria from the Cariboo, B. C. district, sold for §1,250. There is considerable activity in regard to dairy matters in Manitoba, and meetings are being held in several districts to arrange for the establishment of creameries and cheese "factories. February opened with renewed activity in real estate in Vancouver, B. C. Douglas & Co. report that within a week the}- sold no less than 52 lots in the eastern part of the city and on Mount Pleasant. Barker & Mackay also made sales of acre property near Hastings, which have netted their principals over 100 per cent on the prices paid for their property a few months ago. Rand Bros, also concluded some large real estate transactions in outside property. Homestead Regulations, All even-numbered sections of Dominion Lands in Manitoba or the North-West Territories, excepting S and 36, which have not been homesteaded, reserved to provide wood-Jots for settlers, or other purposes, may be homesteaded by any person who is the sole head of a family, or male over eighteen vears of age, to'the extent of one quarter section of less. ico acres, more or ENTRY. Entry niav be made personally at the local land office in which the land to be taken is situate, or if the homesteader desires he may, on application to the Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, or the Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Winnipeg, receive authority for some one to.make the entry for him. A fee of $10 is charged for an ordinary homestead entry; but for lands which have been occupied an additional fee of $10 is chargeable to meet inspection and cancellation expenses. HOMESTEAD DUTIES. * Under the present law homestead duties may be performed in three ways, and on making* application for entrv the settler must declare under which of the" following - conditions he elects to hold his land: i. Three years' cultivation and residence,during which period the settler mav not be absent for more than six months in any one year without forfeiting the entry. 2.' Residence for three years anywhere within two miles of the homstea'd quarter section, and afterwards actual residence in a habitable house upon the homestead for three months next prior to application for patent. Under this system 10 acres must be'broken the first year after entry, 15 additional in the second, and 15 in the third year; 10 acres to be in crop the second year, and 25 acres the third year. i_ 3. The five years' system under which a settler may reside anywhere for the first two years (but must perfect his entry bv commencing cultivation within six months after the date thereof), breaking 5 acres the first year, cropping those 5 acres and - breaking 10 acres additional the second year, and also building a habitable house before the end of the second year. The settler must commence actual residence on the homestead at the expiration of two years from the date of entry, and thereafter reside upon and cultivate his homestead for at least six months in each of the three next succeeding years. APPLICATION FOR PATENT mav be made before the local agent, any homestead inspector or tlie intelligence officer at Medicine Hat or Qu'Appelle station."" Before making application for Patent the settler must give six months'. notice in writing to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands of his intention to do so. INTELLIGENCE OFFICES are situated at Qu'Appelle Station and Medicine Hat. Newly arrived immigrants will receive at any of these offices information as to the lands that are open for entry ..and from the officers in charge, free of expense, advice and assistance in securing hinds to suit them. A SECOND HOMESTEAD mav be taken bv anyone who has received a homestead patent or a certificate of recommendation countersigned by the Commissioner of Dominion Lands upon application for patent made by him, or had earned title to his first homestead on, or prior to the second day of June', 1SS7. INFORMATION, Full information respecting the.land, timber, coal and mineral laws, and copies of "these Regulations, as well as those respecting Dominion Lands in the Railway Belt in British Columbia, may be obtained upon application to the Secretary: of the De- A paper mill will be started at Portage la Prairie, Man., at once, making a general line of building and wrapping paper. partment of the Interior, Ottawa; the Commii ion Lands, Winnipeg, Manitoba; or to any J^inds Agents in Manitoba or the North-West Territories. doner of Domin- of the Dominion 87W A.M. Dep. Min BURGESS, of the Interic 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. 19 aents 421 MAIN STREET, W3S> IiPYed Farms and Vacant Lands in all parts of tlieProvince from SI to Si 0 per acre, ESai ^JS, Special List of Farms in Winnipeg District, WINNIPEG CITY PROPERTIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. BUSINESS AND RESIDENCE LOTS IN CHOICEST LOCALITIES. SUBURBAN LOTS AND ACRE PROPERTY. Winnipeg is the greatest railroad centre in the Dominion, nine lines centering here, all built within the.Iast ten years, a record not equalled bv anv city on this Continent. The construction of the HUDSON'S. HAY HALLWAY is now assured. The WINNIPEG & DULUTH RAILWAY is to be completed within eighteen months,'and the magnificent WATER POWER on the Assiniboine (within the City limits) is to be utilized, which must cause a rapid increase in the-values of City Property. BUY BEFORE THE RISE. Send for our new Map of the Province, with List of Lands for Sale.- GLINES & CO., 421 Main St., Winnipeg, Man. * L71 w c* WILLIAM FRANK, REAL ESTATE AGENT, 490 MAIN ST., WINNIPEG, MAN. Improved and unimproved Lands for.sale in all parts of Mani toba, at prices ranging from $1 per acre up. A large list of Lands along the line of the Great Northwest Central Railway. Special attention to Rockwctod lands, the Banner Municipality. Good roads, good water, good land, good schools, plenty of timber, convenient to market, prosperous district. Lands for sale in this Municipality at from $3 to $S per acre. Average wheat yield last season (1SS9) 25 bushels per acre. CITY LOTS AND MARKET GARDENS FOR SALE Correspondence Solicited. L76W ROYAL i . . • TRADE MARK. CROWN SOAP. Positively Pure; Won't Shrink Flannels, nor hurt hands, face or finest fabrics. POUND BARS. TRY IT. „ L 41 w arms for Sale A few choice Improved Karms at less than wild land prices, near RAILWAYS, SCHOOLS and CHURCHES. The attention of persons wanting Farms for immediate occupation, CHEAP and on EASY TERMS, is specially directed to this announcement. Call -upon or address G..J MAULSON, Lombard St., WINNIPEG. I ALLOWAY & CHAMPION, •Bankers and Brokers BILLS OF EXCHANGE, BANK OF ENGLAND NOTES, SOVEREIGNS AND FOREIGN MONEY of all kinds BOUC HT AND SOLD. SCEIP foe S-ikXjIB LMDS. We do not buy or sell land on commission. We have a few choice Farms in good districts which we wish to dispose of, and will sell on easy terms. Write for particulars. WINNIPEG, 362 MAIN STREET. LSSw A. ROSS & CO., eal Estate Agents of Winnipeg Established 1877.—The longest established and most complete Land Office in the city. We have been inspecting lands for Loan Companies and private individuals for the past 14 years and know nearly everv farm within a radius of 40 miles from Winnipeg. We have seen these lands in wet and dry years and know every lot that is liable to be flooded during wet seasons. PURCHASERS can inspect our FIELD NOTES and get reliable information about THE WINNIPEG DISTRICT. OVER 1,000,000 ACRES for SALE. 200 IMPROVED FARMS from $500 Upwards , Cheaper than buying wild land, as these farnis are all ready.for a man to commence Farming Operations at once, and have a living for himself and family the first year. We take a small payment down, aud nr.tke the payment of the balance very easy. We make a specialty of LARGE BLOCKS, where several families can settle close together. Knowing the country so well, we are better able to judge what will suit different individuals. We always strive to place settlers where there is GOOD LAND. Good Water, and Good Neighbors, close to Timber, Schools, Churches, etc., thereby-giving them theadvantage of an older settled country and consequently make them feel more AT HOME. WEHAVK MORE LAND TO SELL THAN ALL THE OTHER AGENTS COMBINED. We keep our own horses to drive purchasers out to see our lands. We are Sole Agents for the sale of lands of four Loan Companies, and spare no time and trouble to have parties satisfied with their location. Send for Printed Catalogue. J British Canadian Loan Co. (Limited). Freehold Loan and Savings Co. I Trust and Loan Company. Manitoba & Northwest Loan Co. 70W id Loan Company. REFERENCES: LAP OF THE WOODS |uIIiM|G GO, KEEWATIfl. TRY OUR CELEBRATED FLOURS, Manufactured from Manitoba Hard Wheat only. OFFICES:— MONTREAL. KEEWATIN, » WHOLESALE. IfYoii will require some FURNITURE "WINNIPEG. RETAIL. this f| Spring. We have even-thing you want to furnish a house, from a Cabin to a Castle. OUR M0TT0-G00DS AT LOWEST LIVING PRICES. Agents for LONG BROS.-BRANTFORD WOVE WIRE SPRINGS, 2 cars in stock GALE & SONS DOMINION BRASS WIRE SPRINGS, 2 cars on hand. Also a ear of ENGLISH BRASS AND IRON BEDS. Agents for American Rattan Company's Baby Carriages. They are the only first-class carriage. We guarantee each one sold. A Large Stock of PARLOR SUITES, EASY CHAIRS, ETC., on hand. Our own make CALL A.ND SEE OUR STOCK. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. SCOTT * LESLIE, 276 Main Street LS6w A fact that speaks volumes for the prospect of a satisfactory season of trade returns in New Westminster, B. C, is that there are very few vacant houses of any description in the city, and rent rates are held up at top figures with a decided tendency to go higher. Several new buildings are contracted for and will be commenced immediately. Several more large proposed buildings, for which contracts are not yet concluded, are sure to be built during the spring. A new cannery is to be erected in the city limits. A new fruit preserving establishment is spoken of as likely to be started. Real estate is in demand at firm figures, and generally the prospects are encouraging, and the population is surely, if not very rapidly, increasing. mmwm mm .1- THE WESTERN WORLD. March MUNICIPALITY OF WOODLANDS. The following official description of this municipality has been prepared under the direction of the municipal council:—"Where shall I go?" is the question many persons wishing to improve their condition are now asking themselves. The rural Municipality of Woodlands, in the province of Manitoba, offers inducements to intending settlers in a great variety.of ways. It is within easy distance of Winnipeg, the metropolis of and the best market in the province, and the main body of the settlement is within 30 miles of the city. This is an advantage not to be overlooked in selecting a new home, as the settlers in this district have at once a market for all their produce at fair prices, and are enabled to have a choice of all that they require from some of the largest stocks of goods in America. The municipality is naturally adapted for mixed fanning, the good arable land and hay meadows so lying that almost every quarter section has a proportion of hay land ; the soil is of the very best, ranging from sandy loam to heavy clay, the generality of it being very rich, and therefore it is well adapted to grow all varieties of grains and roots. Dairying is carried on to a large extent, the butter and cheese of Woodlands always being in good demand on account of its excellent quality, and the farmers finding that they can command a good price for their dairy products are anxious to produce the very best, the excellent pasturage giving them a great advantage. The great present want of the municipality is good farmers. In the boom times, four years ago, hundreds of homesteads were taken up by mere adventurers, who knew nothing of farming, and never meant to farm. Their aim was to do just as much superficial cultivation as would entitle them to the patent for then- lands. All such farmers have been a deadweight on the country's progress. Live men, who have had some exper- i e n c e elsewhere, and can by judicious mixed farming turn their work to the best advantage for themselves, are what are wanted, they will find a hearty welcome here; and land as good, cheap and permanently productive as any that can be found on the continent of America. The Canadian Pacific Railway runs along the southern boundary of the municipality, and the Hudson's Bay Railway traverses the eastern part for 25 miles. Thus every portion is within about 10 miles of railway facilities. Wood for fuel is easily obtained, and the best of water is obtained by digging. There are 20 public schools, 13 post offices, several churches of various denominations, several general stores, a cheese factory, which is becoming famous for its product, and has appliances for working up the milk of 600 cows. The grist mills at Stonewall and Balmoral are easy of access. The Reaburn Fair Association, a joint stock company, holds periodical fairs for the sale and barter of live stock, and has grounds at Reaburn station, the grounds being fenced and equipped with scales, &c. These fairs are becoming quite notable, and prove of much beiiefit to farmers. The Ridgemere stock farm, owned by Messrs. Everest & Kerr, has established an enviable reputation for the importation and breeding of horses, Holsteiu cattle and sheep. It is well known that this part of the country withstood the extreme drought of last season to better advantage than most other portions of the province, the crops being a fair average. Samples of the grain grown will be on view daring this season at the Provincial Government Immigration offices in Winnipeg, and at Marquette and Reaburn stations. Intending settlers will find it to their advantage to purchase land in this district. Reasonable terms can be obtained, taxes are low, and there are many conveniences not at present obtainable in newer settlements. Reliable information may be obtained by applying to the Provincial Immigration offices, Winnipeg, or to the Reeve and Council of the municipality, whose names and addresses are as follows:— Chas, Stewart, Reeve, Meadow Lea. COUNCILLORS. Jas. Macdonald, Hanlan. David Porteous, Jr , Woodlands. Jas. D. McEwan, Meadow Lea. Alex. Cunningham, Poplar Point Wm. Livingstone, Lake Francis. Kdw. Joslyn, Argyle. Jas. Proctor, Treasurer, Woodlands. A. M. Campbell, Clerk, Argyle. C. P. R. TRAFFIC EARNINGS. The traffic earnings of the Canadian Pacific j Railway for February, 1890, were as follows :— ^ 1st to 7th . 7th to 14th 14th to 21st 21st to 28th 188S .1192,000 . 207,000 . 196,000 . 227,000 1889 §204,000 218,000 221,000 231,000 INCREASE $12,000 11,000 25,000 4,000 would report their views and communicate with the board at home. I think that a judicious, in-v vestment in a central locality in Winnipeg would be of advantage to the company, and from our past experience I think we have great reason to have confidence in the judgment and discretion of our representatives in Canada." While at Port Arthur, Ont, recently, General Superintendent Whyte, of the C. P. R., was interviewed by the Mayor and other prominent citizens in regard to some desired changes and improvements in service. He promised to consider the suggestions, and said that Port Arthur, with her Northern and other good hotels, private boarding houses, Kakabeka Falls, Nepigon fishery, and many other interesting places, including the silver mines, should command more tourist travel than she had. Attorney General Ashford, of the Hawaiian Islands, recently stated to a reporter in Chicago, 111., that he felt confident the Islands would soon have cable connection. Two lines are proposed— one from British Columbia to Australia, and the second from the United States to Japan. Both wjll touch the Islands. Great commercial advantages are likely to accrue to the country which reaches them by cable first. -He added that the new steamship line of the Canadian Pacific Railway wpuld" make the relations of the Islands with Canada extremely close, and they might look in that direction for an interchange of trade." $822,000 $874,000 $52,000 A well known Manitoba A HARVEST SCENE IN MANITOBA. The Winnipeg Commercial says:—"Really, the prospects look good for the immediate future. The number of men employed in Manitoba is greater than ever before, owing to the activity in getting out saw logs, ties for railway construption, bridge timber, etc. Next summer promises to be the boom year in railway construction in the west Prospects for building in Winnipeg have not been so good for years. A foreign railway company is investing a large amount of money in building; and other improvements in the city, thus showing faith in the future of the country. The snowfall this winter is heavy, and it has not drifted off the plowed ground, which are favorable features for crops next year. This year's crop acreage will be the largest eyer sown in the history of the country, and altogether the prospects ahead seem reassuring, rather than to give cause for alarm." At the annual meeting of the North of Scotland mortgage company, in Scotland, the chairman said:, "We also discussed the propriety of erecting offices for the company in Winnipeg. They thought that could be done how very judiciously—that is to say, our managers and advisory board in Toronto thought this step might now be taken with very considerable advantage. The reaction had had full effect in Winnipeg, and there was no doubt that from the location of the railways aud other circumstances that Winnipeg would remain the chief town of the province of Manitoba. The only difficulty was as to the selection of the site which might be expected to prove to be, and to remain, the centre of the town. When they had made up their minds on this point, they farmer .writes :—" I believe that this country can be made to suppo'rt a thriving family of twelve on each 160 acres, the land is so productive and rich in In conversation re- cently Mr. S. J. Thompson, M. P. P. for Norfolk, said he had farmed in Manitoba for eight years, and never had a crop which might be called a failure. Last autumn he expected to reap 5,000 bushels of wheat but reaped only 4,000. However he was well satisfied with that. . Last summer Mr. J. Guest carried on a new . industry at Lake Winnipeg, making a large quantity7 of oil from the fat of fish gathered up at the fishery establishments. He sold it in Winnipeg to use in making lubricating oils and axle grease. The Canada Western Hotel Co. will erect an hotel in Victoria, B. C, at a cost of $250,000. It will be first class in every respect. The Dominion Minister of Finance' recently mentioned in Parliament that eastern tanners stated that hides from Manitoba and the Northwest Territories made the best leather manufactured by them. The directors in England of the Bank of British Columbia state in their report that owing to new branches recently opened there has been a large increase in the bank's operations generally. They have decided to recommend an increase of capital. The Canadian Live Stock Journal, Toronto, Ont, says :—"We understand there is considerable progress in Manitoba at the present time, and that more land will Be under cultivation this year than ever before in the history of the province. This news is of special importance to Ontario farmers. The latter should also not fail to lose sight of the fact pointed out by Mr. McMillan, the government agent, when addressing several of our Institute meetings this winter, that it is not only in grain raising that progress is noticeable, but that there is a marked increase in the number of cattle, sheep, horses and pigs. The figures given by the government show very unmistakably that this is so. This year it is said there will be over 1,000,000 acres in crop in Manitoba alone. There is food for reflection in this for Ontario farmers." 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. 21 RESULTS OF POOR FARMING. Last autumn a Mr. W. Douglass, living near Alexander, Manitoba, wrote to a local paper in Eastern Canada, the Gananoque Journal, com-. plaining as to the result of his farming operations. On investigation it turns out that he had rented two farms in that neighborhood and like most such tenants, expected to get a good return from the smallest possible outlay in cultivation. His complaints were promptly taken up by two of his neighbors. One of them, Mr. J- H. Griggs, living on section 19, township 9, range 21 west, wrote as follows :— "Mr. W. Douglass had two farms rented and in going from one to the other he had to pass the crops of R. Y. Griggs, and J. Bedford. If he had told about their crops instead of the worst he could find, his letter would have had a different tone. From 71 acres of wheat, Griggs had 1075 bushels, while from 37 acres of wheat Bedford had 700 bushels, on neither of these farms was there any new land under crop. The land was well worked both before and after seeding. The result was over 14 bushels to the acre in one case, and over 18 in the other. Part of Griggs' land which was a good deal better fitted than the rest yielded 22 bushels of wheat to the acre. I am confident that if Mr. Douglas' land had been as well fitted and the seed as well put in his crop would haye been as good. It is a deplorable fact that the farmer who considering the way he worked his land, should least expect a crop, is the quickest and surest to complain of a dry year like the present when it affects the crop.'' Another neighbor, Mr. Alex. Nichol, Reeve of Whitehead Municipality, wrote :—"As I live only about seven miles from Mr. Douglas and know the farm well, I would just say that the land was not in good condition for a crop, and was not well put in; and further, in a dry season like the present he could not expect to get a crop. In a good season it would have given a fair crop; but in Manitoba like all other farming countries it will pay to have the work done well. I raised my first crop in 1883 from land broken late in 1882, and backset in the spring of 1883, and had from 5J acres sown 196 bushels of wheat No. 1 hard. In 1884 I had 40 acres rented to another party that yielded 32 bushels per acre. In 1885 the yield was 34 bushels per acre. In 1886 (another dry season) the yield was 20 bushels to the acre. In 1887 160 acres yielded 6900 bushels, an average of 43 bushels per acre. In 1888 the average was 32 bushels per acre. In the present year the average was 15 bushels on 220 acres sown. I had 125 acres that yielded 20 bushels per acre ; the balance on account ojF a very hard stubble plowed under last fall and a very dry season only yielded 10 bushels per acre. Now^for seven years I have had a crop, the average for wheat was 29 bushels per acre, and oats 43 bushels. And for five years the average for barley has been 25 bushels per acre. With the exception of 1887 when oats ranged 75 bushels, and the present season at 12 bushels the general average was 50 bushels per acre. Mine is not an exceptional case. There are plenty of others who have as good a record as mine, and some better. The present dry season may be discouraging to new comers, yet it would be unfair to judge our country by the present dryseason, and it convinces me that our soil with proper farming will raise a fair crop, under almost any circumstances. My crop this year had almost no rain, as not an inch fell from seeding to harvest 1 came here from near Guelph, Ontario, with a capital of about $700, and now have a farm of about 1000 acres of land, 450 under cultivation; will sow about 350 acres next spring and break 100 more. I have 11 horses, 3 good colts rising 2 years old, 4 colts rising one year, 12 cattle and 20 hogs, in all worth $2500. Implements worth $1000. Dwelling house, granary and stable cost $1500. Now it would have taken me a long time in Ontario to have gathered this much together on my capital. The difference between me here and there ^-six good crops, and one poor one in seven years in Manitoba, and one good crop and six poor ones in seven years in Ontario. I must say I am well pleased with the country and the prospects before me, and think that anyone who is able and willing to wotk, and who has some capital to start upon, can do well in this country a great deal easier than in the older country. I can point you to hundreds of settlers who seven years ago had hardly enough money left after coming here to buy a yoke of oxen, who to-day have a good half section (320 acres) of land, two good teams and everything needed to work their farms, and living comfortably." J^umbe^, Wholesale and Retail. mmm , LAND & COMPANY, Importers and Dealers in American dry White Pine Dimensir n, Flooring, Ceiling, Siding, Shingles, Lath, Sash, Doors and Mouldings. Special facilities for handling large orders. Office and Yard corner Broadway and Christie Streets, WI^MIPEG. TELEPHONE No. 515. POST OFFICE BOX 146. 4ow 1 42W eow-a. :r:e^77":k"5Z"s CD CO CD CD b e=> a?' </» ^3* CO C3 3= 2L S3" m X CD *■*=* Ci= O S3 1 CO -ff— TJ CD CD cs •—s k£s P° C=r 0 S3 1—1 era i=> :S S S=- 00 ■et CD CD c^> '—■ 33 CD CD CO r/2 (=»■ =3 CD CO CM 3E J<=* REDWOOD BREWERY, WINNIPEG, MAN. 15W TO OR FROM uropean & Continental Points BELL BROS Lowest Rates. Best Accommodation. Berths Secured. Choice of Lines. Via New York, Boston, Portland, Halifax, Quebec and Montreal. Baggage checked through in Bond. No annoyance from Customs. Low Round Trip Rates. Out—via New York A N. Falls Back—via Montreal. Sailing Lists and full information on application. Liverpool to Winnipeg $32. Write to H. C. McMICKEN, 376 Main St., Winnipeg, 72W Corner of Portage Avenue. VILLA HOUSE STONEWALL, MAN. The best and only centrally located house in town. ALWAYS ON HAP TEE CBOJCEST LIQUORS AID CIGARS. Commercial Boom in Connection. pool .a.it:d billiaed tables- Good Stabling and Attentive Hostler. TERMS $ I A DAY. 36w gg^^slssglggK^Ss^s^s Livery/ Feed Stables GOOD HORSES & GOOD RIGS. Farmers and others will find their teams receive every attention If advised by letter or wire will meet parties .in Winnipeg, or immediately on arrival at Stonewall. 37-w CANADA PACIFIC HOTEL, STONEWALL. ISAAC RILEY, - - Proprietor. THE BEST $1 A DAY HOUSE OUTSIDE WINNIPEG. Rooms heated with hot air and all modern conveniences. GOOD STABLE IN CONNECTION. liiiiisB m uss INDIAN CURIOSITIES, BUFFALO HORNS and Relics of the Wild West, Agate, Amethysts and Mineral Specimens at W. F. WHITE'S, 605 Main Street, Two Blocks from C.P.K. Depot, Winnipeg. 6jw 22 THE WESTERN WORLD. March BAHK OF MONTREAL ESTABLISHED IN 1817. INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. . Capital (aUpalfl up) $12,000,0001 Rest Puiid.... $6,000,000 HEAD OFFICE, - - - MONTREAL. Brandies in Canada.—Montreal—H. V. Meredith, Ma'gr. West End Branch, Catharine Street. Almonte, Ont,; Belleville, Ont; Brantford, Ont,; Brockville, Ont; Calgary, Alberta; Chatham, N.B.; Chatham, Ont.; Cornwall, Ont.; Goderich, Ont; Guelph, Ont; Halifax, N.S.; Hamilton, Ont; Kingston, Ont; Lindsay, Ont.; London, Ont.; Moncton,. N.B.; New Westminster, B.C.; Ottawa, Ont; Perth, Ont; Peterboro, Ont; -Picton, Ont; Quebec, Que.; Regina, Assa.; Sarnia, Ont; Stratford, Ont; St John, N.B.; St. Mary's, Ont.; Toronto, Ont.; Vancouver, B.C.; Wallaceburg, Ont; Winnipeg, Man. In Great Britain.—London—Bank of Montreal, 22 Ab- church Lane, E.C. In the United States.—New York—Walter Watson & Alex. Lang, 59 Wall Street. Chicago—Bank of Montreal, W. Munro, Manager. Bankers in Great Britain.—London—The Bank of England; The Union Bank of London; The London and Westminster Bank. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool. Scotland— The British Linen Company and Branches. cow MERCHANTS BANK OF CANADA HEAD OFFICE, - - - MONTREAL. Capital paid in ..$5,799,300 Accumulated Reserve Fund 3,135,000 WINNIPEG BRANCH. Transacts a General Banking Business. Notes discounted. Advances made on Security. Sterling and United States Drafts Bought and Sold. Collections made. Deposits received, etc. INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. Three per cent, in Savings' Bank, payable on demand. Four per cent on Special Deposit Receipts remaining three months. SECURITY OFFERED. With a Capital and Reserve Fund of Eight Million Dollars Depositors in this Bank, and Note Holders, have absolute security for their money. Careful attention given to business transacted by mail. F. W. EERGUSON, ARTHUR WICKSON. 58W Asst. Manager. Manager. Bank of British North America. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER. Paid-up Capital SI ,000,000 gtg. Reserve Fund, £850,000 " MM OFFICE—3 Clements Lane, Loafiari Street, E.G. Court of Directors—J. H. Brodie, H.J. B. Kendall, John James Cater, J.J. Kingsford, Henry R. Farrer, Frederic Lubbock, Richard H. Glyn, Geo. D. Whatman, E. A. Hoare. A. G. Waixis, Secretary. HEAD OFFICE IN CANADA, ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL R. R. Grindley, General Manager. E. Stranger, Inspector. Branches and Agencies in Canada—London,Kingston, Fredericton, N.B., Brantford, Ottawa, Halifax, N.S.. Paris, Montreal, Victoria, B.C., Hamilton, Quebec, V: ncouver, B.C., Toronto, St John, Winnipeg, Brandon, Man. H. ML Bkeedon, Manager, Main St., Winnipeg. Agents in the United States—New York, II. Stikeman and F. Brownfield, Agents; San Francisco, W. Lawson and J. C. Welsh, Agents. London Bankers—TheBank'of England; Messrs.Glyn & Co Foreign Agents—Liverpool, Bank of Liverpc ol; Australia, Union Bank of Australia; New Zealand, Union Bank of Australia; India, China and Japan, Chartered Mercantile Bank of "India; London and China, Agra Bank (Limited); West Indies, Colonial Bank; Paris, Messrs. Marcuard, Krauss et Cie; Lyons, Credit Lyonnais. 61 w IMPERIAL BANK OF CANADA. Capital (paid up) $1,500,000 Best, $650,000. H. S. Howland, President T. R. Merritt, Vice-Prssident Head Office, Toronto—D. R. Wilkxe, Cashier. Branches in the Northwest—Winnipeg, C. S. Hoare, Manager; Brandon, A. Jukes, Manager; Calgary, S. Barber, I Manager; Portage la Prairie, N. G. Leslie, Manager. Branches in Ontario — Essex Centre, Fergus, Gait, Niagara Falls, Port Colbornc, St Catharines, Ingersol , Yonge St, Toronto, Sault Ste. Marie, St. Thomas, Welland,Woodstock. Deposits received and Interest allowed at current rates. Drafts and Letters of'Credit issued, available in Canada, Great Britain, United States, France, China, India, Australia and New Zealand. Municipal and other Debentures purchased. Agents in Great Britain—Lloyds, Barnctts & Bosanquets' Bank (Limited), 72 Lombard, Street, London, England* / . Correspondents—London and Southwestern Bank; Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Co. (Limited); E. W. Yates & Co., Liverpool. 57W ESTABLISHED 1879. G. W. GIRDLESTONE GENERAL INSURANCE AGENT. FIRE COMPANIES REPRESENTED: Th'e Guardian Assurance Co., City of London Fire Insurance Co.. TOTAL FUNDS ..$20,000,000 .. 10,000,000 AU.T11. CAPITAL I The North-West Fire Insurance Co $500,000 All classes of insurable property covered on the shortest notice at current rates. Upwards of $300,000 paid in losses since commencing huslness in 1879. Office-375 & 377 MainSt.,Winnipeg,Man ffiSl"™L Manitoba &North-Western Capital (paid up). $375,870 | Rest $35,000 D. Macarthur, President R. T. Rokeby, Vice-President HEAD OFFICE, - - WINNIPEG. A. A. Jackson, Accountant BRANCHES: Portage la Prairie, I. Pitblado, Manager. Minnedosa H. Fisher, Manager. Morden C. R. Dunsford, Manager. Deposits received and Interest allowed at Current Rates. Drafts and. Letters of Credit issued, available in Canada, Great Britain, United States, France, China, India, Australia and New Zealand. Municipal and other Debentures purchased. agents in Great Britain.—r. a. McLean & Co., i Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. CORRESPONDENTS.—Boyle, Campbell, Buxton & Co., So Lombard Street London. 77w BANK OF OTTAWA. HEAD OFFICE, ||'.- - OTTAWA. GEORGE BURN, Cashier. Capital paid up..$1,000,000 | Rest $400,000 DIRECTORS. James MacLaren, Esq., Pres. Chas. Magee, Esq., Vice-Pres. Alex. Fraser, Esq., Hon. Geo. Bryson, John Mather, Esq., Robert Blackburn, Esq., George Hay, Esq. Branches—Arnprior, Pembroke, Carlton Place and Kee- watin,. Ontario. Winnipeg, Manitoba. Agents—Canada, Bank of Montreal; New York, Messrs. W: Watson and A. Lang; London, England, Alliance Bank; St. Paul, Merchants National Bank. WINNIPEG BRANCH—369 MAIN STREET. We receive accounts of Corporations, Manufacturers, Firms and individuals on favorable terms. Interest allowed on Deposits. Sterling and American Exchange bought and sold. Drafts issued on all the principal points in Canada. Letters of Credit issued for use in Great Britain and elsewhere. Collections promptly attended'to. Sow F. H. MATHEWSON, Manager. bEbAND House W. D. DOUGLAS & CO., Proprietors. THE FINEST HOTEL IN THE NORTH-WEST. Muatea Prices, pure spring- water. Recently Fnniislied City Hall Square, Winnipeg, Man. 74W Canadian Pacific Hotel, CENTRALLY LOCATED. Good Accommodation furnished the travelling public, on reasonable terms. THE BEST BRANDS OF LIQUORS AID CIGARS ALWAYS OH HAND. J. H. MONTGOMERY, Proprietor, Selkirk. 39w CIGARS. Give Home Production the preference by asking for our brands : ColMuiis, Selects. La Rosa si Havana Whips, Quality and style equal to the best. Try them. BRYAN & CO., 23w Cigar Manufacturers, Winnipeg. I offer for Spring planting a large stock of every description of Hardy Evergreen, Forest. Fruit & Ornamental Trees, Tree Seeds, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Hedge Plants, etc. Best varieties, northern grown. All sizes for all purposes. Prices the lowest. Stock well packed and shipped with safety to all parts of Canada. Xo Agents employed. Catalogues free. Address THOMAS H. LOCK, Box 346, Winnipeg. RAILWAY CO. Through the Park Lands of the Fertile Belt, and the Picturesque Valleys of the Little Saskatchewan, Bird Tail ]f£ and Assinihoine .Rivers — TO — Westbourne, Gladstone, Neepawa, Minnedosa, Rapid City, Shoal Lake, Birtle, Binscarth, Russell, ^ Langenburg and Saltcoats. REGULAR PASSENGER TRAINS RON AS FOLLOWS: WESTBOUND : Leave Portage la Prairie at 16.15 On Tuesdays for Russell and Intermediate Stations;^ On Thursdays for Birtle and Intermediate Stations,-and On Saturdays for Saltcoats and Intermediate Stations. EASTBOUND: Leave Saltcoats on Mondays at 4.40; Russell on Wednesdays at 6.10; Birtle on Fridays 7.45. A Mixed Train leaves Birtle on Friday morning at 8.00 for Russell and Saltcoats. Passengers leaving Portage la Prairie at 16.15 on Thursday can connect ■with this train. A Mixed Train leaves Saltcoats for Birtle' on Fridays at 17.00, and leaves Birtle for Portage la Prairie on Saturdays at 6.45. Regular passenger trains make a close connection at Portage la Prairie with the trains of the Canadian Pacific Railway. DETAILED TIME TABLE. Leave 16.15 I 16.38 ! 16-55 j 17.18 ; 18.00 ; 18.19 1 18.38 ! 19.00 : 19.25 20.01 STATIONS. -?£■ O *>T3 g? 3 10 17 27 35 43 51 61 70 79 Arrive Portage la Prairie 14.15 Macdonald I 13.52 Westbourne '. j 13.33 Woodside 13.10 fGladstone 12.50 Midway 12.07 Ardent 11.47 Neepawa 11.23 Bridge Creek '. £ . 11.00 Minnedosa 10.40 Riverdale-! Rapid City , ;-" ■■'' '•: 9.40 9.15 Basswood . Newdale . . Strathclair Shoal Lake Kelloe . . Solsgirth . tBirtie*. . . Foxwarren Binscarth . Russell .' . 9.55 9.32 9.09 8.45 8.23 8.05 7.45 7.08 6.47 6.10 Harrowby _J_ 6.08 Langenburg Churchbridge Bredenbury Saltcoats O.40 5.18 5.00 4.40 Leave t Meals W. R. BAKER. General Superintendent 4 A. MCDONALD, Assistant General Pass. Agent. 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. OCEAN TO OCEAN! The Only Transcontinental Line. The Short and Direct Houte To Montreal, Quebec, Bfalifax, Boston, New York, Buffalo, Toronto, London, etc. To Vancouver, Victoria, Seattle, Taconia, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, etc., etc. I To Grand Forks, Fargo, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, etc. JJ IT IDTI TriEeAI^SERVICE OF THE Canadian Pacific Railway IS AN UNRIVALLED FEATURE. Its Dining and Sleeping Cars are Models of Comfort & Elegance. Free Colonist SleepingCars Are run on all Through Trains, East, West, and South. •AN roe FOR SUMMER TRAVEL utS TO THE BAST IS BY THE CANADIAN PACIFIC Steamship Iiine THE ALBERTA, ATHABASCA and MANITOBA, Will sail from PT. ARTHUR for OWEN SOUND, making three trips per week, connecting with trains from the West. Through Trains No change of cars to Montreal or the Pacific Coast. Through Baggage *SSS Through Tickets at Lowest Bates. Apply to Company's Agents, or to Gr. H. CAMPBELL, , City Ticket Agent, 471 Main Street, Winnipeg, OR AT THE DEPOT. GEO. OIBg, Gen; Traffic Mgr, Montreal. D. McNICOIX, Gen. Pass. Aert, Montreal ROBERT KERR, Gen. Pass. Agt, Winnipeg. cean Steamship Sailings The following is a list of the various Companies' Steamship Sailings during March and April, together with Single and Round Trip Rates. Intending.passengers are requested to call upon their nearest Steamship or Railway Ticket Agent, or communicate with the undersigned, when full information will be-given, aud Berths or Staterooms engaged without charge. In writing for accommodation passengers should state the Line of Steamships they prefer, the date of their proposed sailing, and the class of accommodation required, there being several Saloon Rates by some of the Lines, according to the location of the Berths. Return Tickets are sold at Reduced Rates, and are good for one year. If required they may be extended to two years. Children, under 12 years, half-fare* Infants free. RATES AND SAILINGS SUBJECT TO CHANCE. era ALLAH I (ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) THE QUICKEST ROUTE TO THE OLD COUNTRY. The name of this Line is a guarantee of SAFETY, - SPEED, - AND - COMFORT. TO LIVERPOOL Steamships. From Portland. From Halifax SARDINIAN 20th March 22nd March PERUVIAN 27th " 29th " PARISIAN 3rd April 5th April POLYNESIAN i7thj " 19th " Saloon, $50 and $60. ' Return,..$100 and 110. Second Cabin, $25. " f®"- Steerage, $30. S§gg95 $40. DOMINION LINE. (ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) THE SHORTEST SEA PASSAGE TO EUROPE. The equipment of the Steamers of this Line is superb. The "Vancouver," by her speed and comforl, has earned the reputation of an Atlantic favorite. TO LIVERPOOL Steamships. From Portland From Halifax. VANCOUVER 13th March 15th March OREGON 10th April 12th April SARNIA 24th " 26th " Saloon $50 and $60. Return..$100 and $110 Second Cabin $85. " $50 Steerage $20. • " $40 WHITE STAR LSI (ROYAL AND U. S. MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) TWO NEW BOATS THIS YEAR. WILL SURPASS ANYTHING AFLOAT. Nothing that human ingenuity can devise has been spared to make these boats worthy of the unexcelled reputation of this Line. BRITTANIC From New York, Wed., 10th March GERMANIC " " « ioth " TUTONIC I .■.;;; « 2ndAPril, and every Wednesday thereafter. Saloon $50, $60, $80 and $100 Return $100, $110 and $144 Second Cabin $35. Return $70 Steerage $20. " $40 BEAVER LINE THE POPULAR CANADIAN COMPANY. Every Steamer is of the highest class, and every passenger advertises the Line. LAKE ONTARIO.froin Boston to Liverpool, 26th March LAKE HURON.. " " " 8th April LAKE SUPERIOR " New York " 2nd " Saloon .$50. Return $100 Second Cabin $25. " $50 Steerage $20. " $40 INMAN LINE (ROYAL AND W. S. MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) The Largest Steamers afloat. Crossing the Atlantic in less than Six Days. CITY OF PARIS From New York.. Wed., 10th March CITY OF BERLI \... " « « ,6th " CITY OF NEW YORK " " .'.' " 2nd April Saloon $50, $60, $80, $100 Return , $100, $110, $144 Second Cabin $35. Return $70 Steerage $20. " $40 GUION LINE. (MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) THE GREYHOUNDS OF THE ATLANTIC. ALASKA From New York Tuesday, 2Cth March WYOMING « " .... «'* 1st April ARIZONA " .... g Sth " and every Tuesday thereafter. .Saloon, $50, $60, $80, $100 Return, $100, $130, $144 Second Cabin $35 " $10 Steerage $20 " '.".'.'.'.'.'.'■.'.'.'$40 CONARDLIN.E (Established 50 years.) ROYAL AND U. S-. MAIL STEAMSHIPS. TO EUROPE IN A TRIFLE OVER SIX DAYS. GALLIA From New York Saturday, 22nd March ETRURIA...'.'!.' " " ■■■• " 29th AURANIA .... " " ... " S* April, and ever)' Saturday thereafter. Saloon $60, $80, $100, $125 Return f ....$120, $144, $180 Second Cabin $35. Steerage $20. Return $70 $40 FRENCH LINE New York to Havre every Saturday. RED STAR LINE. NEW YORK TO ANTWERP EVERY WEDNESDAY. ROYAL NETHERLANDS. NEW YORK TO ROTTERDAM EVERY THURSDAY. ANCHOR LINE (U. S. MAIL STEAMSHIPS.) Splendid Steamships. Built expressly for Passenger Traffic. TO GLASGOW FROM NEW YORK ANCHORIA DEVONIA.. Thursday, 27th March " 3rd April, and every Thursday thereafter. Saloon $45 and $55. Return .. $90 and $100 Second Cabin $30. " ... $55 Steerage $20. " '.!"'.'..'.'.'.'$4© CITY OF ROME .... TO LIVERPOOL, .... Sat., 5U1 April CALIFORNIA TO NAPLES, ... Wed., 2nd April >TATE LI1E NEW YORK TO GLASGOW EVERY THURSDAY. FARES VERY LOW. Hamburg-American Packet Co. NEW YORK TO HAMBURG EVERY THURSDAY. NORTH GERMAN LLOYDS. New York to Bremen every Wednesday aM Saturday. Tickets'are sold by all Agents at the same price as they can be obtained at the Steamship Offices at the point'of embarkation, and passengers will find it to their advantage to purchase at the nearest ticket office, as generally the railway fare, in connection with the ocean ticket, is less than the ordinary rate to the seaboard. ««.«-.«» „^nR ROBERT KERR, 55W . General Passenger Agent, Winnipeg. A Wm?Fr 24 THE WESTERN WORLD. March m % & i¥yj IMPROVED Grazing Lands, Market Gardens, Etc., In the BEST PARTS of the PROVINCE. The attention of intending Settlers is drawn to the fact that Lands within the PROVINCE OF MANITOBA, and near to Winnipeg, are better and cheaper at From $3.00 to $8.00 per Acre Than Free Grant or Railway Lands located further West. Remember, the difference in Freight is a profit in itself. The 'prices of supplies are lower, and Grain, Cattle and General Farm Produce command higher prices on account of the great competition in the Winnipeg markets. RUTHERFORD & C0.5 ESTATE AGENTS, 3 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Man. ow ESTABLISHED MAY 1, 1878. ONKWN, VALUATOR, &c. Office-No. 500 Main St., Winnipeg, Man. SPECIALTIES: MANITOBA FARM LANDS. WINNIPEG CITY PROPERTIES. 8w FARM bANDS. FOR SALE 8,000 Acres of best Farming Land in Manitoba, in" the celebrated Tobacco Creek district, where the finest crops in the Country have always been grown, and which escape frosts when other districts suffer severely. Having the Northern Pacific to the south, and the C.P.R. to the North, two leading markets (Miami and Carman) are within easy reach. As proof of the excellence of the land, the .resident farmers are buying all they can as fast as their means will permit it. FOR SALE ON EAST TERMS. Apply to THOMAS RENW1CK, Lintrathen, Or 66w R. H. HAYWARD, Bank of Montreal Buildings, WINNIPEG. CROTTY & CROSS, Real Estate, Financial and Insurance Agents, Established 1S79. City, Suburban and Farm Property FOR SALE. Rents collected and Taxes paid. 'Write for list and prices. No. 1 Market St. E., WINNIPEG. 33w S. A. ROWBOTHAM & CO., Real Estate & Financial Agents. FARM LANDS & CITY PROPERTY FOR SALE. Rents and Interest Collected. Insurance Brokers. 450 Main St., opp. the Post Office, Winnipeg, Man. THE WESTERN CANADA LOAN & SAVINGS CO. CAPITAL - - - - $1,500,000.00. RESERVE FUNDS - 850,000.00. Head Offices: Toronto, WALTER S.-LEE, Managing Director. Branch Offices: Winnipeg, W. M. FISHER, Manager. IQ^EYS ADV a re^i Upon Farm and City Properties. Mortgages, Municipal Debentures and School Debentures purchased. Scrip held for use of Clients. Clients' Title Deeds are not sent out of the Province, but are lodged in the Company's vaults at Winnipeg, where they may be examined at all times. Agents at all principal points throughout.the Province. For further information write to the Manager of the Winnipeg Branch. 7Sw DBA LAND CO., Ld. VM. HESPELER, Manager. MANITOBA MORTGAGE AND INVESTMENT CO., Ld. MANITOBA REAL ESTATE CO.,Ld LANSING LEWIS, Manager. Money to Lend and Land for Sale, on the most favorable terms. 30W The fllliafiee Tfast Go., Ld. OF DUNDEE, SCOTLAND. Farm Lands and City Properties FOR SALE. CHOICE FARM LANDS in all parts of the Province. DRUM OND BROS. & MOFFAT, AGENTS. *Sw LANDS for Sale by M. FORTUNE & CO , Real Estate Brokers, Insurance and Commission Agts. Office, 463 Main St., "Winnipeg, Man. We have several good farms near Winnipeg, three and-four miles west of city limits, easy terms^ also improved farms for sale in best districts in the Province. 50,000 acres Farm Lands in Winnipeg District. 200,000 acres to select from in other parts of the Province. Improved Farms $5 to $10 per acre. Stock Farms, all sizes, $1 to $5 per acre. For full particulars, apply to 7w M. FORTUNE & CO., 463 Main St. C _E3_ _B _^L_ _L~j _L~' _^_ _bi Ibvdl S per In the following Municipalities in the PROVINCE OF MANITOBA FOR SALE ON VERY REASONABLE TERMS. One-sixth cash ; balance in five yearly instalments at 7 p< cent interest. No expense to purchasers for mortgage papers Argyle. Glendale. Blanchard. Lansdowne. Cypress (South) Lome. Daly. " Miniota. Deloraine. Norfolk (North) Franklin. Odanah. Glenwood. "Osprey. Riverside. Rosedale. Shoal Lake. Wallace. Westbourne. Woodworth. Whitewater. These lands are all of good quality and capable of cultivation ; no swamps or sandhills; and the most of them have been more or less cultivated. For any further information, address H. H. BECK, 1 w P. O. Box 1306, "WINNIPEG. 1 * k v. fc fr\Jf „ I nan tompany OF CANADA. Established 40 Tears. Head Office—London, Eng. Offices in Canada—iobteeal. Toronto aid wjmpjjb. Expenses Moderate, and can be added to the principal ■. and included in the Mortgage if desired. LOAIS COMPLETED AID TITLE DEEDS HELD ffl flfflPEG. APPRAISERS AT ALL PRINCIPAL POINTS. Advances made upon Farm Properties on very advantageous terms for 3, 5 or 8 years, with option of repayment by annual instalments. 10 Commission Clargefl. Renewals Elc'ed witnont Expense, Interest at lowest- rates, payable TEARLY, and computed only froili the date on which the money is actually advanced. Any further information can be obtained by addressing the Manager ALFRED M. PATTON, Winnipeg;. iw Solicitors, Branch Offices at Brandon and Morden. C.T.BROWN, REAL ESTATE AGENT & LAND VALUATOR ■ Bents Collected, Estates Manages end FnMs Invested. ' SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO THE PROPERTY OF NON-RESIDENTS MOM EY TO LOAN. Over 200,000 Acres of Improved and Unimproved Farms for Sale at lowest prices and easy terms. Office-ROOM No. 4 McNEE'S BLOCK, 562 MAIN STREET, - WINNIPEG-. IMPROVED FARM FOR SALE, 160 Acres, Three-and-a-half miles from Churchbridge Station, on Mani- tob & North-Western Railroad. 15 acres broken and fenced. Log house, 20x26 ft. Stable for 10 head. Piggery, root house and wells. Splendid land, some hay. A bargain at $3 peracre. Apply to C. Crujkshank, 9 Selkirk St. East, Winnipeg. Ssw D. ft. DINGWALL, PRACTICAL Watchmaker and Manufacturing Jeweler AND DEALER IN Waltham, Elgin & Springfield "Watches. ALL KINDS OF JEWELRY MADE TO ORDER Repairing a Specialty. Satisfaction guaranteed. 2iw 584 Main Street., "WINNIPEG, MAN. HEINTZMAN PIANOS, f KARN ORGANS, and Raymond Settling Oflaehines ARE THE BEST. Agents Wanted in unoccupied territory. Address: JAS. HADDOCK & CO., 271 Main St., Winnipeg, Man. J I ■I 402 MAIN STREET, Have always on hand a large stock of Staple and paney Dry Goods, AT THE CLOSEST PRICES TO BE HAD EST THE CITY. Give us a call before making your purchases. 3Sw ROBINSON & CO. MERCHANTS HOTEL1 WEST SELKIRK THE LEADING COMMERCIAL HOUSE. WILLIAM BULLOCK, jow PROPRIETOR. 1890 THE WESTERN WORLD. 25 LIMITED. Northwest Head Office-Winnipeg, Man. AGENCIES AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS. FACTORY AT BRANTFORD, ONT. {jbb THE "B BINDERS, i 1 REAPERS AND HARROWS. WE SUPPLY SETTLERS' Complete Outfits. request you to see our Agents before you buy. invite your carefui inspection of our samples solicite your support and patronage, guarantee ail our Goods reliable & first-class «MM'»w<>w.r.ia&w^ farming in Jiorth-mestern Gaflada. Everyone contemplating farming in Manitoba or the Northwest Territories of Canada should subscribe for §THE riO$'"WEST FA^JWEr}, which was established in 1882, and is still the only agricultural paper printed between Lake Superior and the Pacific Coast, having in that vast territory . a much larger circulation than all other agricultural publications combined. It is an illustrated paper, devoted to Live Stock, ' Dairying, Veterinary, Grain Growing, Poultry, Forestry, Gardening and every other detail of Northwest Farming, written by practical, experienced men of long residence here, and is specially adapted to the conditions of this region, to the farming •of which it is the ONLY PAPER" in Canada exclusively devoted. ■ Complete and accurate Market Reports are among its special features. Subscription to any place in Canada or the United States, $1 a year, in advance. Persons remitting- from/ Great Britain should send money order value 4s. 6d. sterling. To other countries in the Postal Union the subscription is os. 6d. sterling. Money orders to be made payable at Winnipeg to F. M.. Anderson. AN UNSOLICITED OPINION. The Manitoba Free Press says : "The jNfor'-West Farmer is a journal that should be read by every man cultivating an acre of land or owning a domestic animal in Manitoba and the N. W. T. As its name implies, it is edited especially to meet the requirements of the great fertile belt of the Northwest. It is alike valuable to the farmer, gardener, dairyman, rancher, aparian and pet- stock "fancier. ''. Address: THE NOR'-WEST FARMER PRINTING & PUBLISHING CO., Ld., WINNIPEG, Manitoba. BRANCH ADVERTISING OFFICES: NEW YORK C1XY, IT. S. A.:—THOS. H. CHILD, Manager, ISO Nassau Street. CHICAGO, 111., U. S. A.:—F. B. WHITE, Manager, 543 The Rookery. G: F. & J. GALT, DICK. BANNING & CO, DIRECT IMPORTERS OF Teas, Sugars, Wines, Liquors, AND GENERAL GROCERIES, Corner Princess & Bannatyne Sts., Winnipeg. Goods sold to the Trade only. THOMPSON, CODVILLE & C0.~ iw Cor. 6th St & Rosser Ave., BRANDON. 24 & 26 McDermotSt., WINNIPEG. J ■"TIllllllU w VUIJ MANUFACTURERS OF Lumber, Shingles and Lath, DOORS AND SASH. Office: opposite C. P. B. Passenger Depot, WINNIPEG. iSw MHXS AT KEEWATIN. JAS. O'BRIEN &CO., MANUFACTURERS OF CLOTHING, Montreal and Winnipeg. iqw AMES, HOLDEN& CO., MONTREAL. The Ames, Holden Company, WHOLESALE DEALERS IX BOOTS AND SHOES, 33 Queen St., Winnipeg. Jas. Redmond, Winnipeg. A. C. Fi.umekfei.t, Victoria, B-.C. 20* THE WESTERN WORLD. DOMINION OF CANADA. March 00,000,000 as i .81 o gra; D JlL JBSB iat4- FOR SETTLEMENT, IN > ft I ^ n Northoiest Deep soil, well watered, wooded and richest in the world—easily reached by railways. Wheat—average 30 bushels to the acre, with fair farming. The Great Fertile Belt: Red River Valley, Saskatchewan Valley, Peace River Valley, and the Great Fertile Plains, vast areas suitable for Grains and the Grasses, largest (yet unoccupied) in the world. Vast Mineral Riches—Gold, Silver, Iron, Copper, Salt, Petroleum, etc., etc. IMMENSE COAL FIELDS. I ILLIMITABLE SUPPLY OP CHEAP FUEL. RAILWAY FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN. ROUTE—Including the great Canadian Pacific Railway, the Grand Trunk Railway, and the Intercolonial Railway, making continuous steel-rail connection from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean through the Great Fertile Belt of North America and the magnificently beautiful scenery of the North of Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains. NEW ROUTE FROM ENGLAND TO ASIA, j Wholly through British Territory, and shortest line through Canada to China, Japan, Australia and the East. Always sure and always open. Ill CLIMATE THE HEALTHIEST IN THE WORLD. THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT GIVES oi 1 •<r B L to every male adult of 18 years, and to every female, who is head of a family, on condition of living on it, offering independence for life to every one with little means, but having sufficient energy to settle. Further and full information, in pamphlets and maps, given free on application by letter, addressed to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Ottawa, Canada, or to i|||| HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR CANADA, 9 Victoria Chambers, London, S.W., England, and all Emigation Agents. 4ow J 1S90 THE WESTERN WORLD. TXlhat do You Ulant ? IF IT IS I We are Headquarters for everything in the Book line. Public and Private Libraries supplied on very best terms. IF IT IS STATIONERY: We have without doubt the finest lines of Staple and Fancy Stationery in Manitoba. Crests and Monograms cut to order, and Embossing done at reasonable prices. IF IT IS PRINTING: We will do you a nice job in any kind of Printing at reasonable rates. We also engrave and print from copperplate. FERGUSON &CO., 408 Main St., Winnipeg-. 4.v Or a Fashionable Outfit of OGILiVlE MILLING COMPANY, WINNIPEG && REGISTERED BRANDS : vw'aa ^xicCOW^ ^■^v c nn sa ^ssty isa Ban AND Strong Bakers' Float*. DEALERS IN All KINDS OF GRAIN AND FEED. ■s^S»5i Daily Capacity ROYAL—Montreal 1800 barrels GLENORA—Montreal 1200 " GODERICH—Goderich, Ont 1000 " POINT DOUGLAS—Winnipeg .... 1000 " SBAPORTH—Seaforth, Ont 300 1 26 w AflD pU^HlSHl^OS StoGk neier more Gomplete than at present ARNETTS IIUVL.L.&,, IUUUI WHOLESALE Fruit & Produce, .VXD General Commission Merchants, 15 OWEN STREET, i6w WINNIPEG, MAN. TJI MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited, ULU STOKE. CITY HALL SQUARE, WINNIPEG, MAN. 11 47w RKE &. CAS6, CDNTRACTDRS WINNIPEG, MAN. 45"' WHELAN HOUSE. One of the Best and Cheapest Family Hotels in Winnipeg". Every Convenience Every Comfort, Good - Table, Moderate Charges, and close to the Railway Station. C. HARVEY & SONS, Proprietors. We invite all Immigrants, Farmers, Housekeepers and others to call at our Warehouse for their Seed Grain, reeding Stuffs, etc. 6/w C. H. & SONS. MANUFACTURERS, HAMILTON, ONTARIO. TORONTO, Ont., 36 Wellington St. WINNIPEG, Man., Whitla Block, Albert St. 17 w VICTORIA, B. C, Wharf St. CORNELL, SPERA & CO., IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS Gent's and Ladies' Furnishings Fancy Goods, Smallwares &c. Our new Samples are nearly all to hand. We are showing a larger assortment than ever, and we claim as good value as can be found in the markets. Our Travellers will be on the road in a few days. All orders placed with us will receive our best attention. 37 Portage Avenue East, WINNIPEG. S. W. CokNEi.i.. A. E. Speka. . Geo. Stott. !■? w Railway and Steamship Tickets TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. ALEX. CALDER, 707 MAIN ST., WINNIPEG. Two Blocks from C.P.R. Depot. Note the Address. 4w Established 1SS2. H. BYRN ES, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in DOORS, %m, BUNDS, Moulding, Base, Casing, Balusters, Ac. Between Main and Princess Sts., south side of C. P. R. Track, WINNIPEG, MAN. My complete and extensive stock in every line ensures promptness in filling all orders entrusted to me. Price List on application. . TELEPHONE No. 576. 49W DEALER IN Lath, Shingles, Doors, Sash, &c. MILL: LAKE WINNIPEG, Office and Yard: Higgins St., WINNIPEG. Telephone No. 346. Siw GEO. CLEMENTS flletfehan t Tailop ESTABLISHED 1874. Main St. opposite Post Office, Winnipeg. This establishment is noted for the Superior Quality of Goods kept in stock and of the Artistic Style of the Garments turned out. 3aw CEO. CLEMENTS. STOBART, SONS & CO., Wholesale Dry ( WINNIPEG. 29W ESTABLISHED 1879. LABOR S A V I 1 G RECORDS FOR EVERY LINE OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSION. CHALLEN, PUBLISHER, 10 Spruce Street, NEW VORK. 33w 1890] STOCK COMPLETE [1890 — IN — Dry Goods & Men's Furnishings SEE THE NEW Ladies' Mantles in Cloth and Fur, Men'* Fur Coats, Caps and Mitts. Opposite the N. P. &. M. Railway Station. WM. BELL, 31 w 388 Main St., cor. Graham St., Winnipeg. ^ K \S 11 JI..IWW ™ THE WESTERN WORLD. March SUBS V Hj r xj iv THE BEST TSIE JVtanitobap^eePress IS THE MONARCH OF CANADIAN WEEKLIES, AND THE MOST COMPLETE WEEKLY NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN CANADA. Taking Quantity and Quality of Circulation into consideration, THE MANITOBA FREE PRESS is the best and cheapest Advertising Medium published. Its Circulation's throughout the East, West, Northwest and Southwest, and probably covers the largest territory of any Daily Newspaper published in Canada. No expense is or will be spared by The Manitoba Free Press to retain its acknowledged position AT THE HEAD OF ALL NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN CANADA. The Subscription Price of THE WEEKLY FREE PRESS is as follows: Payable in advance, 8@r POSTAGE PREPAID =@a I Year $2, or 8s. 3d. 6 Months $1.25. or 5s. 2d. 3 Months 75c, or 3s. Id j Give Post Office Address in Full. Remit by Post Office Order, payable to The Manitoba Free Press Company, or in Registered Letter at our risk. Address The Manitoba Free Pres mpany, T*7"Ix^z^Ipeg% Zh/faxn-ItoToa,- - . - ~ - .- The Manitoba and pofth^ttlestera Railway 3,000,000 acres in theP ARK LANDS OF THE FERTILE BELT For Sale on. Easy Terms of Payment. # ALSO FREE HOMESTEADS IN THIS WELL-KNOWN FERTILE BELT J NEAR TO RAILWAYS, MARKETS, SCHOOLS. Along this Railway there are many thriving Towns and Villages, with Cheese Factories, Creameries, -Saw, Flour and Woolen Mills, Elevators, Grain- Warehouses, &c., and among the points of interest are Binscarth Stock Farm, Dr. Barnardo's Home for Boys, and many Horse and Cattle Ranches. At Saltcoats is the settlement of the Commercial Colonization Co., who have placed on homesteads a great number of successful colonists and assisted them by building houses and advancing stock, implements, &c. ^ For further particulars, maps, pamphlets, &c, apply or write to A. F. EDEN, Land Com'r, Winnipeg. A March THE WESTERN WORLD. 1890 Al LWAY AND Atlantic Steamship Liines. available by any line of Steamers crossing the Atlantic. 1)1 D r At 471 It is a well-known fact that the facilities afforded'at THIS OFFICE for ticketing passengers to any part of the world cannot be equalled at any other office in Winnipeg. If you are going to ENGLAND, IRELAND or SCOTLAND, or any part of EUROPE, you will find it to your advantage to call. The best accommodation can be reserved, and every comfort is secured. Fares are the lowest, and if time is an object, you can reach the Old Country in 8 or 9 days after leaving Winnipeg. Passengers are booked at the above address and at all Canadian Pacific Railway Offices by 1 ALLAN and DOMINION LINES FROM PORTLAND OR HALIFAX, WHITE STAR, IMAF, COTARD, GUION, ANCHOR III AND ALL OTHER LINES, FROM NEW YORK, -f| Sailing direct to London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Antwerp, Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam and Naples, and are ticketed through via these routes to any point in E March THE WESTERN WORED. 1890 PATTERSON & BRO. CO. Ld. manufacturers! of and dealers in ALLfKINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, BINDERS, MOWERS,! RAKES, SEEQFRS, § HARROWS, SLEIGHS, ^^ Straw Cutters & Grain Crushers. "Si AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED J. I. CASE THRESHERS & ENGINE^ J MOLINE PLOWS, -Lx SNOWBALL WAGONS, Ayr-American Plow Co.'s Plows. Printed matter sent free. AGENTS at ALL PRINCIPAL POINTS H. S. WESBEOOK, Manager, Winnipeg, Manitoba. I. 2W Hudson's n jwfiyJvw ■ ■ b .- .■. : ~- -- Mi anys AT WINNIPEG, LOWER FORT GARRY, RAT PORTAGE, KEEWATIN, MORDEN, MANITOU, DELORAINE, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, FORT Qu'APPELLE, PRINCE ALBERT, BATTLEFORD, EDMONTON, CALGARY, FORT McLEOD, KAM- LOOPS, LANGLEY, PORT SIMPSON, QUESNELLE, VANCOUVER AND VICTORIA; and other principal points in Manitoba, North-West Territories and British Columbia. SETTLERS, MINERS AND OTHERS Will find at these Stores Goods imported en rect from all the principal markets of the world, offered at moderate prices. L 34\v ■ ■ _; -'' *&Hr Fanning Mills. Feed Grinders. Grain Crushers. Garden Tools. 'Windmills. Pumps and Tanks. Hay Loaders. Buckboards. Eta, Etc, Etc TRADE ^V MARK. Permanent Warehouses and Reliable Agents at all leading centres in Manitoba, the North-West, and British Columbia, from, which we supply in season every kind of implement or machine used on a farm. See our Agents or write for Catalogue and Prices. Press Drills. Broadcast Seeders. Land Rollers. Disc Harrows. Sulky Plows. Gang Plows. Wood Goods. Carts and Sleighs. Etc, Etc., Etc --mp*fc SAMPLE OF SUCCESS. Paris, France, 8th Nov., '89. H. A. MASSET, Esq., Pres. My Dear Mr. Massey:— In answer to your enquiry of this day, I beg to state, that the result of the International Trial of Reapers and Binders at Noisiel has obtained for your Binder the Highest. Award, which consists of an object of A rt of considerable value. I may further state that your Binder, under most severe dynamometrical tests, proved the Lightest Actual Draft of anyi/tv the field, and moreover, was the only machine which went through the whole of its work without missing, a single sheaf. As one of the judges of the'trial, I am glad to be in a position to give you. this information. You have also obtained the Gold Medal for the whole col- lect,ipn{gf your Implements. I may further] IBM in recognition of the valuable \s which you have thus rendered to nltxvre, by the production of such superior Implements, the President of the French Republic has honored you with the decoration of Officer of Public Instruction, for which please accept my sincere congratulations, and believe me, Yours truly, (Signed) J. X. PERRAULT, Member of the International Jury of the Paris Exposition. 1
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The western world. Volume 1. Number 1 Burrows, C. Acton (Charles Acton), 1853-1948 1890
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Title | The western world. Volume 1. Number 1 |
Creator |
Burrows, C. Acton (Charles Acton), 1853-1948 |
Publisher | Winnipeg : Acton Burrows Vancouver : Acton Burrows |
Date Issued | 1890 |
Description | "Includes notes and descriptions of B.C. towns, industries and scenes in the 1890's." -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 101. |
Extent | 28 pages : illustrations, advertisements, maps ; 34 cm |
Subject |
Winnipeg (Man.) |
Genre |
Periodicals |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Notes | Other Copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606412056 |
Identifier | SPAM479C I-0907-V01-01 |
Collection |
British Columbia Historical Books Collection |
Series | The western world |
Source | Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. SPAM479C |
Date Available | 2015-07-03 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact digital.initiatives@ubc.ca. |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=2820210 |
AIPUUID | f9e3fb16-531a-4255-9330-430026b168b3 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0222206 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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