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Effects of audience on self-report, behavioural and physiological responses to the cold pressor test Badali, Melanie Anne
Abstract
The present study concerned the influence of the presence of others on pain response. To the extent that pain responses are predicated upon impact on observers, it would be expected that different audiences would have a differential impact on the nature of the response depending upon the measure or response system studied and characteristics of both the person in pain and the audience. The cold pressor test was used to induce pain in 120 healthy undergraduate students. An equal number of males and females were randomly assigned to each of 3 audience conditions (male versus female versus implicit). Dependent variables included behavioural pain tolerance, self-report ratings, heart rate, and facial display. A 3 (audience condition) X 2 (participant gender) between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was an impact of audience on pain responses. Univariate analyses of variance and Student Newman Keuls post hoc comparisons conducted on significant effects indicated higher mean unpleasantness ratings, and maximum heart rate during pain in the implicit group compared to the female and male audience groups. A similar pattern of results was found for judges' ratings of participants' pain based on facial display. Other measures of facial action, self-reported pain intensity and behavioural pain tolerance were not significantly different. These findings stress the importance of considering social context when interpreting pain response. Furthermore, they indicate that that the presence of an audience affects domains of pain response differentially, or that certain dependent measures may not be sensitive or participant to the impact of an audience.
Item Metadata
Title |
Effects of audience on self-report, behavioural and physiological responses to the cold pressor test
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
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Date Issued |
2000
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Description |
The present study concerned the influence of the presence of others on pain response. To the
extent that pain responses are predicated upon impact on observers, it would be expected that
different audiences would have a differential impact on the nature of the response depending
upon the measure or response system studied and characteristics of both the person in pain
and the audience. The cold pressor test was used to induce pain in 120 healthy
undergraduate students. An equal number of males and females were randomly assigned to
each of 3 audience conditions (male versus female versus implicit). Dependent variables
included behavioural pain tolerance, self-report ratings, heart rate, and facial display. A 3
(audience condition) X 2 (participant gender) between-subjects multivariate analysis of
variance indicated that there was an impact of audience on pain responses. Univariate
analyses of variance and Student Newman Keuls post hoc comparisons conducted on
significant effects indicated higher mean unpleasantness ratings, and maximum heart rate
during pain in the implicit group compared to the female and male audience groups. A
similar pattern of results was found for judges' ratings of participants' pain based on facial
display. Other measures of facial action, self-reported pain intensity and behavioural pain
tolerance were not significantly different. These findings stress the importance of
considering social context when interpreting pain response. Furthermore, they indicate that
that the presence of an audience affects domains of pain response differentially, or that
certain dependent measures may not be sensitive or participant to the impact of an audience.
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Extent |
3811152 bytes
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Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
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Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2009-07-09
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0099477
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
2000-11
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.