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An FMRI investigation of frontal lobe functioning in psychopathy and schizophrenia during a go/no go task Smith, Andra Marie
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex and its connections with other regions of the brain allow for behaviors and emotions that differentiate human beings from other animals. When a deficit in this brain region arises, many disturbing results can occur. One of these deficits is difficulty in controlling inappropriate behavioral responses. This disinhibition is observed in many psychiatric disorders, including psychopathy and schizophrenia. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a Go/No Go paradigm were used to investigate neurophysiological processes associated with response inhibition in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic inmates, stable, medicated schizophrenic patients and healthy control participants. The results indicated that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in response inhibition in healthy control participants. There was a significant difference between control participants and psychopathic inmates in this area of the brain. Specifically, there was a negative relationship between the measure of psychopathy (Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised) and activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Schizophrenic patients showed a similar level of activation to control participants in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, there was also an increase in activation in the inferior temporal cortex in schizophrenic patients where a reduction in activity occurred in control participants. The results indicate that the cortical activation normally associated with response inhibition is different in both psychopathy and schizophrenia. However, the way in which the two disorders differ from control participants is significantly different. Psychopaths have attenuated left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity compared to control participants suggesting that the disinhibition observed in psychopathy might be related to a deficit in processing information in this brain region. The schizophrenic patients' increased lateral temporal lobe activity provides further evidence for the hypothesis that there is anomalous coordination of activity of frontal-temporal brain regions in schizophrenia.
Item Metadata
Title |
An FMRI investigation of frontal lobe functioning in psychopathy and schizophrenia during a go/no go task
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
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Date Issued |
1999
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Description |
The prefrontal cortex and its connections with other regions of the brain allow for
behaviors and emotions that differentiate human beings from other animals. When a deficit in this
brain region arises, many disturbing results can occur. One of these deficits is difficulty in
controlling inappropriate behavioral responses. This disinhibition is observed in many psychiatric
disorders, including psychopathy and schizophrenia. In this study, functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) and a Go/No Go paradigm were used to investigate neurophysiological processes
associated with response inhibition in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic inmates, stable,
medicated schizophrenic patients and healthy control participants.
The results indicated that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in response
inhibition in healthy control participants. There was a significant difference between control
participants and psychopathic inmates in this area of the brain. Specifically, there was a negative
relationship between the measure of psychopathy (Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised) and
activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Schizophrenic patients showed a similar level of activation to control participants in
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, there was also an increase in activation in the inferior
temporal cortex in schizophrenic patients where a reduction in activity occurred in control
participants.
The results indicate that the cortical activation normally associated with response
inhibition is different in both psychopathy and schizophrenia. However, the way in which the two
disorders differ from control participants is significantly different. Psychopaths have attenuated
left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity compared to control participants suggesting that the
disinhibition observed in psychopathy might be related to a deficit in processing information in
this brain region. The schizophrenic patients' increased lateral temporal lobe activity
provides further evidence for the hypothesis that there is anomalous coordination of
activity of frontal-temporal brain regions in schizophrenia.
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Extent |
11283511 bytes
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Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
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Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2009-07-03
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0099463
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
1999-11
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.