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Dowry payments in South Asia Anderson, Kristin Siwan
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that dowry payments in India have not only increased over the last five decades, but that the custom has spread into regions and communities where it was never practiced before. The aim of this thesis is to understand why these changes have occurred. A particularly influential explanation is that rising dowries in India are concomitant with population growth. According to this interpretation, a population increase leads to an excess supply of brides since men marry younger women. As a result, dowry payments must rise in order to clear the marriage market. Reductions in the equilibrium age difference will tend to equalize the excess supply of women in the marriage market. It has been reasoned that the severe social and economic pressures associated with older unmarried daughters imply that households of older potential brides are willing to outbid the families of younger brides and that this competitive interaction places upward pressure on dowries. The first substantive chapter of this thesis explicitly models the dynamics of dowry payments when population grows. It points out some difficulties in making the theory reconcile the main observations relevant in the context of demographic change. In particular, there exist conditions under which population growth can cause dowries to decrease if the model is constrained from generating an increasing number of unmarried women. An alternative explanation is provided in the subsequent chapter which takes into account the phenomenon of caste. The explanation posits a process of modernisation which increases the heterogeneity of potential wealth within each caste. The new income-earning opportunities brought about by development are predominantly filled by men and as a result grooms become a relatively heterogeneous group compared to brides. If we perceive dowry as a bid that a bride makes for a groom of a certain market value, an increase in heterogeneity of grooms will increase the spread of dowries. Men who become more eligible in the marriage market will receive higher dowries, whereas the payments will decrease for those who are less eligible; however, average dowries may remain constant. The explanation as to why dowries also increase for the relatively less desirable grooms, and in turn average dowry payments necessarily increase, relies heavily on particularities of the caste system. Although there are numerous studies of the dowry phenomenon in India, research pertaining to the custom of dowry in the rest of South Asia is relatively sparse. The aim of the final chapter is to study dowry payments in Pakistan. Since an exploration of how they have evolved through time is not possible due to limitations of the data, the analysis focuses instead on the present role of dowry payments. The investigation concludes that the dowry phenomenon in Pakistan is similar to that occurring in India.
Item Metadata
Title |
Dowry payments in South Asia
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
|
Date Issued |
1999
|
Description |
There is considerable evidence that dowry payments in India have not only increased over the last
five decades, but that the custom has spread into regions and communities where it was never
practiced before. The aim of this thesis is to understand why these changes have occurred.
A particularly influential explanation is that rising dowries in India are concomitant with
population growth. According to this interpretation, a population increase leads to an excess
supply of brides since men marry younger women. As a result, dowry payments must rise in order
to clear the marriage market. Reductions in the equilibrium age difference will tend to equalize
the excess supply of women in the marriage market. It has been reasoned that the severe social
and economic pressures associated with older unmarried daughters imply that households of older
potential brides are willing to outbid the families of younger brides and that this competitive
interaction places upward pressure on dowries. The first substantive chapter of this thesis
explicitly models the dynamics of dowry payments when population grows. It points out some
difficulties in making the theory reconcile the main observations relevant in the context of
demographic change. In particular, there exist conditions under which population growth can
cause dowries to decrease if the model is constrained from generating an increasing number of
unmarried women.
An alternative explanation is provided in the subsequent chapter which takes into account
the phenomenon of caste. The explanation posits a process of modernisation which increases the
heterogeneity of potential wealth within each caste. The new income-earning opportunities
brought about by development are predominantly filled by men and as a result grooms become a
relatively heterogeneous group compared to brides. If we perceive dowry as a bid that a bride
makes for a groom of a certain market value, an increase in heterogeneity of grooms will increase
the spread of dowries. Men who become more eligible in the marriage market will receive higher
dowries, whereas the payments will decrease for those who are less eligible; however, average
dowries may remain constant. The explanation as to why dowries also increase for the relatively
less desirable grooms, and in turn average dowry payments necessarily increase, relies heavily on
particularities of the caste system.
Although there are numerous studies of the dowry phenomenon in India, research
pertaining to the custom of dowry in the rest of South Asia is relatively sparse. The aim of the
final chapter is to study dowry payments in Pakistan. Since an exploration of how they have
evolved through time is not possible due to limitations of the data, the analysis focuses instead on
the present role of dowry payments. The investigation concludes that the dowry phenomenon in
Pakistan is similar to that occurring in India.
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Extent |
9192027 bytes
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Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
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Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2009-06-29
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0088997
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
1999-05
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.