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The evolution of inbreeding in western redcedar (Thuja plicata : Cupressaceae) O’Connell, Lisa Marie
Abstract
Long-lived woody plants usually show high levels of outcrossing, inbreeding depression and genetic diversity compared to other plants. A review of the literature showed a mean outcrossing rate of 83.5 in conifers, and a positive, but weak, correlation between outcrossing and genetic diversity. Among conifers, western redcedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) has one of the highest rates of self-fertilization and lowest amount of genetic diversity, and thus offers the opportunity to study the evolution of inbreeding in a predominantly outcrossing group of plants. This thesis links the evolution of inbreeding in redcedar with a loss in inbreeding depression and genetic diversity. Using one polymorphic isozyme marker, I obtained an average population outcrossing estimate of 71% over six natural populations of redcedar. I developed 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to conduct a finer-scale study of the mating system and genetic structure of redcedar. A new method of bulking seedlings to estimate outcrossing rates was used to identify ecological correlates of outcrossing. Selfing rates increased significantly with tree height in four different populations. Pollen from larger trees probably made up a larger proportion of the surrounding pollen cloud, increasing self-pollination. There was no variation, however, in the amount of inbreeding among crown positions within trees. In a seed orchard, a combination of controlled crosses and isozyme markers showed evidence that post-pollination competition between embryos within an ovule decreased selfing. I used eight microsatellite loci to study patterns of range-wide genetic structure in redcedar. A phylogeographic analysis suggests that redcedar probably survived in three separate refugia during the last glaciation. These results also suggest that if a species-wide bottleneck is at the root of reduced genetic diversity in redcedar, it probably predates the last glaciation. The combination of an inbreeding mode of reproduction and a bottleneck probably contributed to the decrease in genetic diversity presently observed in redcedar. Finally, after screening 80 trees at eight microsatellite loci, a single stepwise mutation was observed, yielding a somatic mutation rate of 6.3 x 10-4 (95% CI: 3.0 x 10-5 - 4.0 x 10-3) mutations per locus per generation in western redcedar.
Item Metadata
Title |
The evolution of inbreeding in western redcedar (Thuja plicata : Cupressaceae)
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
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Date Issued |
2003
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Description |
Long-lived woody plants usually show high levels of outcrossing, inbreeding depression
and genetic diversity compared to other plants. A review of the literature showed a mean outcrossing rate of 83.5 in conifers, and a positive, but weak, correlation between outcrossing and genetic diversity. Among conifers, western redcedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) has one of
the highest rates of self-fertilization and lowest amount of genetic diversity, and thus offers the opportunity to study the evolution of inbreeding in a predominantly outcrossing group of plants. This thesis links the evolution of inbreeding in redcedar with a loss in inbreeding depression and genetic diversity. Using one polymorphic isozyme marker, I obtained an average population outcrossing estimate of 71% over six natural populations of redcedar. I developed 13 highly
polymorphic microsatellite markers to conduct a finer-scale study of the mating system and genetic structure of redcedar. A new method of bulking seedlings to estimate outcrossing rates was used to identify ecological correlates of outcrossing. Selfing rates increased significantly
with tree height in four different populations. Pollen from larger trees probably made up a larger proportion of the surrounding pollen cloud, increasing self-pollination. There was no variation,
however, in the amount of inbreeding among crown positions within trees. In a seed orchard, a combination of controlled crosses and isozyme markers showed evidence that post-pollination competition between embryos within an ovule decreased selfing. I used eight microsatellite loci to study patterns of range-wide genetic structure in redcedar. A phylogeographic analysis
suggests that redcedar probably survived in three separate refugia during the last glaciation.
These results also suggest that if a species-wide bottleneck is at the root of reduced genetic
diversity in redcedar, it probably predates the last glaciation. The combination of an inbreeding
mode of reproduction and a bottleneck probably contributed to the decrease in genetic diversity
presently observed in redcedar. Finally, after screening 80 trees at eight microsatellite loci, a single stepwise mutation was observed, yielding a somatic mutation rate of 6.3 x 10-4 (95% CI:
3.0 x 10-5 - 4.0 x 10-3) mutations per locus per generation in western redcedar.
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Extent |
8480078 bytes
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Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
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Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2009-11-12
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0075110
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
2003-05
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.