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Carbon dioxide mediated vasomotion of extra-cranial cerebral arteries : a role for prostaglandins? Hoiland, Ryan Leo
Abstract
Cerebrovascular regulation during perturbations in arterial CO₂ is thought to occur solely at the level of the pial vessels. However, recent evidence implicates large extra-cranial cerebral blood vessels in this regulatory process. Although the mechanisms governing CO₂ mediated vasomotion remain unclear, animal and human studies support a large role of prostaglandins. Thus, we examined two hypotheses: 1) vasomotion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) would occur in response to both hyper and hypocapnia; and 2) pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with Indomethacin (INDO; a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) would reduce the vasomotor response of the ICA to changes in end-tidal PCO₂ (PETCO₂). Using a randomized single-blind placebo controlled study, subjects (n=10) were tested on two occasions. Before and 90-minutes following either oral INDO (1.2mg/kg) or placebo capsule, concurrent measures of beat-by-beat blood flow, velocity and diameter of the ICA were made at rest and during steady state stages (4 min) of iso-oxic hypercapnia (+3, +6, +9mmHg above baseline) and hypocapnia (-3, -6, -9mmHg below baseline). End-tidal forcing was employed for the control of blood gases. To examine if INDO affected ICA vasomotion in a cyclooxygenase inhibition independent manner, a subset of subjects (n=5) were tested before and 45-minutes following oral Ketorolac (0.25mg/kg). During pre-drug testing in the INDO trial, the ICA dilated during hypercapnia at +6mmHg (4.72±0.45 vs. 4.95±0.51mm; P<0.001) and +9mmHg (4.72±0.45 vs. 5.12±0.47mm; P<0.001), and constricted during hypocapnia at -6mmHg (4.95±0.33 vs. 4.88±0.27mm; P<0.05) and -9mmHg (4.95±0.33 vs. 4.82±0.27mm; P<0.001). Following INDO, dilation of the ICA was still observed at +6mmHg (4.50±0.54 vs. 4.57±0.52mm; P<0.05) and +9mmHg (4.50±0.54 vs. 4.61±0.50mm; P<0.01); however, INDO reduced the vasomotor responsiveness by 67±28% (0.045±0.015 vs. 0.015±0.012mm ⋅ mmHgPETCO₂-¹). In the Ketorolac condition, there was no effect of the drug on the vasomotor response to hyper or hypocapnia. We conclude that: 1) changes in PETCO₂ mediate vasomotion of the ICA, 2) inhibition of non-selective prostaglandin synthesis via INDO markedly reduces the vasomotor response to changes in PETCO₂; and 3) INDO may be acting via a mechanism(s) independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition to reduce CO₂ mediated vasomotion.
Item Metadata
Title |
Carbon dioxide mediated vasomotion of extra-cranial cerebral arteries : a role for prostaglandins?
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
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Date Issued |
2015
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Description |
Cerebrovascular regulation during perturbations in arterial CO₂ is thought to occur solely at the level of the pial vessels. However, recent evidence implicates large extra-cranial cerebral blood vessels in this regulatory process. Although the mechanisms governing CO₂ mediated vasomotion remain unclear, animal and human studies support a large role of prostaglandins. Thus, we examined two hypotheses: 1) vasomotion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) would occur in response to both hyper and hypocapnia; and 2) pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with Indomethacin (INDO; a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) would reduce the vasomotor response of the ICA to changes in end-tidal PCO₂ (PETCO₂). Using a randomized single-blind placebo controlled study, subjects (n=10) were tested on two occasions. Before and 90-minutes following either oral INDO (1.2mg/kg) or placebo capsule, concurrent measures of beat-by-beat blood flow, velocity and diameter of the ICA were made at rest and during steady state stages (4 min) of iso-oxic hypercapnia (+3, +6, +9mmHg above baseline) and hypocapnia (-3, -6, -9mmHg below baseline). End-tidal forcing was employed for the control of blood gases. To examine if INDO affected ICA vasomotion in a cyclooxygenase inhibition independent manner, a subset of subjects (n=5) were tested before and 45-minutes following oral Ketorolac (0.25mg/kg). During pre-drug testing in the INDO trial, the ICA dilated during hypercapnia at +6mmHg (4.72±0.45 vs. 4.95±0.51mm; P<0.001) and +9mmHg (4.72±0.45 vs. 5.12±0.47mm; P<0.001), and constricted during hypocapnia at -6mmHg (4.95±0.33 vs. 4.88±0.27mm; P<0.05) and -9mmHg (4.95±0.33 vs. 4.82±0.27mm; P<0.001). Following INDO, dilation of the ICA was still observed at +6mmHg (4.50±0.54 vs. 4.57±0.52mm; P<0.05) and +9mmHg (4.50±0.54 vs. 4.61±0.50mm; P<0.01); however, INDO reduced the vasomotor responsiveness by 67±28% (0.045±0.015 vs. 0.015±0.012mm ⋅ mmHgPETCO₂-¹). In the Ketorolac condition, there was no effect of the drug on the vasomotor response to hyper or hypocapnia. We conclude that: 1) changes in PETCO₂ mediate vasomotion of the ICA, 2) inhibition of non-selective prostaglandin synthesis via INDO markedly reduces the vasomotor response to changes in PETCO₂; and 3) INDO may be acting via a mechanism(s) independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition to reduce CO₂ mediated vasomotion.
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Genre | |
Type | |
Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2015-07-20
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0166400
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
2015-09
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Rights URI | |
Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada