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Zhang, Lucas; Lee, Joshua

The cooling of water is a highly complex process involving a myriad of variables. The cooling rate of water can be described with the formula , where k is a constant of 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘(𝑇 𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑎 ) 𝑎 proportionality and a is some positive number . In this paper, a more intensive formula for the surface cooling of water from up to 100 degrees Celsius has been proposed. The proposed formula separates the evaporative component from the convective and radiative components of cooling into their own expressions. Cooling rate and mass loss rate data were collected in an indoor setting, where the surface temperature of water in a large beaker was tracked using a digital Bluetooth temperature probe, and the mass of the water was tracked with a digital scale. The convective and radiative cooling expression was empirically found and modeled, and the evaporative expression incorporates Knudsen’s equation for evaporative mass loss as well as the Clausius-Clapeyron formula for vapor pressure to model the rate of evaporative temperature change as a function of surface temperature. The final cooling rate formula unites the two expressions and was fitted with the experimental data. The proposed model has an improved qualitative fit with the experimental data compared to the original formula.

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University of British Columbia. Science One Research Projects; University of British Columbia. SCIE 001

Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0445329

Science, Faculty of

Undergraduate

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