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Szeitz, Andras Janos; Moore, R. Daniel

Evaporation can be an important control on stream temperature, particularly in summer when it acts to limit daily maximum stream temperature. Evaporation from streams is usually modelled with the use of a wind function that includes empirically derived coefficients. A small number of studies derived wind functions for individual streams; the fitted parameters varied substantially among sites. In this study, stream evaporation and above-stream meteorological conditions (at 0.5 and 1.5 m above the water surface) were measured at nine mountain streams in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, covering a range of stream widths, temperatures, and riparian vegetation. Evaporation was measured on twenty site-days in total, at approximately hourly intervals, using nine floating evaporation pans distributed across the channels. The wind function was fit using mixed-effects models to account for among-stream variability in the parameters. The fixed-effects parameters were tested using leave-one-site-out cross-validation. The model based on 0.5-m measurements provided improved model performance compared to that based on 1.5-m values, with RMSE of 0.0162 and 0.0187 mm/h, respectively, relative to a mean evaporation rate of 0.06 mm/h. Inclusion of atmospheric stability and canopy openness as predictors improved model performance when using the 1.5-m meteorological measurements, with minimal improvement when based on 0.5-m measurements. Of the wind functions reported in the literature, two performed reasonably while five others exhibited substantial bias.

Article; Postprint

eng

Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0394132

Arts, Faculty of; Geography, Department of

10.1002/hyp.13875

Faculty; Graduate

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