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Phenolic Acid Composition of Coffee Cascara in Connection with Antioxidant Capacity: A Geographic Assessment Liang, Ningjian; Kitts, David D.; Wang, Xiwen; Hu, Ziying; Sabier, Maidinai

Abstract

Coffee cascara is an underutilized byproduct of coffee processing that has the potential for value-added applications due to its rich phytochemical content and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coffee cascara sourced from seven geographic regions, and where possible, a variety of farms in different regions. We compared two different extraction methods: hot water/sonication-assisted extraction and methanol–water extraction to generate phytochemical content. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed through different assays. Correlations between phytochemical compounds and different antioxidant activities were analyzed first using Pearson’s correlations and then substantiated further using principal component analysis (PCA). The dominant phytochemicals identified in the extracted coffee cascara included gallic acid, chlorogenic acid isomers, mangiferin, protocatechuic acid and rutin. Among the water-extracted samples, the Brazil sample exhibited the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, whereas the Zambia sample had the highest 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) value and the Laos sample showed the greatest inhibition of 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. For methanol extracts, the highest ORAC and ABTS values were from the Indonesia sample, and the Laos sample showed the strongest inhibition of DCFH-DA fluorescence. The results show the distinct phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coffee cascara according to geographical clustering using PCA. Specifically, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and to a lesser extent rutin correlated (p < 0.05) with ABTS and DCFH-DA assays. This study revealed significant variation in the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of coffee cascara across different geographic regions; less so with different farms associated with the location. The findings offer evidence for potential upscaling of coffee cascara waste for use in value-added functional food or nutraceutical applications.

Item Metadata

Title
Phenolic Acid Composition of Coffee Cascara in Connection with Antioxidant Capacity: A Geographic Assessment
Creator
Liang, Ningjian; Kitts, David D.; Wang, Xiwen; Hu, Ziying; Sabier, Maidinai
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Date Issued
2025-04-22
Description
Coffee cascara is an underutilized byproduct of coffee processing that has the potential for value-added applications due to its rich phytochemical content and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coffee cascara sourced from seven geographic regions, and where possible, a variety of farms in different regions. We compared two different extraction methods: hot water/sonication-assisted extraction and methanol–water extraction to generate phytochemical content. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed through different assays. Correlations between phytochemical compounds and different antioxidant activities were analyzed first using Pearson’s correlations and then substantiated further using principal component analysis (PCA). The dominant phytochemicals identified in the extracted coffee cascara included gallic acid, chlorogenic acid isomers, mangiferin, protocatechuic acid and rutin. Among the water-extracted samples, the Brazil sample exhibited the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, whereas the Zambia sample had the highest 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) value and the Laos sample showed the greatest inhibition of 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. For methanol extracts, the highest ORAC and ABTS values were from the Indonesia sample, and the Laos sample showed the strongest inhibition of DCFH-DA fluorescence. The results show the distinct phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coffee cascara according to geographical clustering using PCA. Specifically, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and to a lesser extent rutin correlated (p < 0.05) with ABTS and DCFH-DA assays. This study revealed significant variation in the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of coffee cascara across different geographic regions; less so with different farms associated with the location. The findings offer evidence for potential upscaling of coffee cascara waste for use in value-added functional food or nutraceutical applications.
Subject
cascara; polyphenol profile; antioxidant capacity; PCA
Genre
Article
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2025-05-28
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
CC BY 4.0
DOI
10.14288/1.0448973
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/91217
Affiliation
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of; Non UBC
Citation
Antioxidants 14 (5): 502 (2025)
Publisher DOI
10.3390/antiox14050502
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty; Graduate
Rights URI
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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CC BY 4.0