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Which Proteins? : The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines Teffera, Mahder; Boshra, Hani; Bowden, Timothy R.; Babiuk, Shawn

Abstract

Sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpy skin disease continue to negatively impact the sheep, goat, and cattle industries in countries where these diseases are present and threaten to spread into new regions. Effective vaccines are available for disease control and eradication. However, commercial vaccines are based on live attenuated virus isolates and therefore it is not currently possible to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), which severely limits the use of these vaccines in countries that are free from disease and at risk of an incursion. The development of next-generation vaccines, including recombinant protein, viral-vectored, and mRNA, has been limited due to the lack of understanding of the protective antigen(s) of capripoxviruses. The complexity of capripoxviruses, with up to 156 open reading frames, makes the identification of protective antigen(s) difficult. This paper identifies the most promising antigens by first considering the membrane-associated proteins and then further selecting proteins based on immunogenicity and their role in immunity by comparing them to known orthopoxvirus homologues. From the 156 potential antigens, 13 have been identified as being the most likely to be protective. Further evaluation of these proteins, as immunogens, would be required to identify the optimal combination of immunodominant antigen(s) for the development of next-generation capripoxvirus vaccines.

Item Metadata

Title
Which Proteins? : The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines
Creator
Teffera, Mahder; Boshra, Hani; Bowden, Timothy R.; Babiuk, Shawn
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Date Issued
2025-02-22
Description
Sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpy skin disease continue to negatively impact the sheep, goat, and cattle industries in countries where these diseases are present and threaten to spread into new regions. Effective vaccines are available for disease control and eradication. However, commercial vaccines are based on live attenuated virus isolates and therefore it is not currently possible to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), which severely limits the use of these vaccines in countries that are free from disease and at risk of an incursion. The development of next-generation vaccines, including recombinant protein, viral-vectored, and mRNA, has been limited due to the lack of understanding of the protective antigen(s) of capripoxviruses. The complexity of capripoxviruses, with up to 156 open reading frames, makes the identification of protective antigen(s) difficult. This paper identifies the most promising antigens by first considering the membrane-associated proteins and then further selecting proteins based on immunogenicity and their role in immunity by comparing them to known orthopoxvirus homologues. From the 156 potential antigens, 13 have been identified as being the most likely to be protective. Further evaluation of these proteins, as immunogens, would be required to identify the optimal combination of immunodominant antigen(s) for the development of next-generation capripoxvirus vaccines.
Subject
vaccine; capripoxvirus; lumpy skin disease; sheeppox; goatpox
Genre
Article
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2025-05-02
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
CC BY 4.0
DOI
10.14288/1.0448723
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/90971
Affiliation
Other UBC; Non UBC
Citation
Vaccines 13 (3): 219 (2025)
Publisher DOI
10.3390/vaccines13030219
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty; Researcher; Other
Rights URI
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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CC BY 4.0