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Transactivation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses by Viruses Evans, Erin Fenella; Saraph, Ananya; Tokuyama, Maria

Abstract

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that are part the human genome and are normally silenced through epigenetic mechanisms. However, HERVs can be induced by various host and environmental factors, including viral infection, and transcriptionally active HERVs have been implicated in various physiological processes. In this review, we summarize mounting evidence of transactivation of HERVs by a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses. Though a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon and the biological implications are still largely missing, the link between exogenous and endogenous viruses is intriguing. Considering the increasing recognition of the role of viral infections in disease, understanding these interactions provides novel insights into human health.

Item Metadata

Title
Transactivation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses by Viruses
Creator
Evans, Erin Fenella; Saraph, Ananya; Tokuyama, Maria
Contributor
University of British Columbia. Life Sciences Institute
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Date Issued
2024-10-22
Description
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that are part the human genome and are normally silenced through epigenetic mechanisms. However, HERVs can be induced by various host and environmental factors, including viral infection, and transcriptionally active HERVs have been implicated in various physiological processes. In this review, we summarize mounting evidence of transactivation of HERVs by a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses. Though a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon and the biological implications are still largely missing, the link between exogenous and endogenous viruses is intriguing. Considering the increasing recognition of the role of viral infections in disease, understanding these interactions provides novel insights into human health.
Subject
endogenous retroviruses; viral infection; transactivation
Genre
Article
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2024-11-27
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
CC BY 4.0
DOI
10.14288/1.0447354
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/89735
Affiliation
Science, Faculty of; Microbiology and Immunology, Department of
Citation
Viruses 16 (11): 1649 (2024)
Publisher DOI
10.3390/v16111649
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty; Researcher
Rights URI
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Aggregated Source Repository
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CC BY 4.0