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Phenotypic variation of floral organs in flowering crabapples and its taxonomic significance Zhou, Ting; Ning, Kun; Zhang, Wangxiang; Chen, Hong; Lu, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Donglin; El-Kassaby, Yousry A.; Bian, Jian
Abstract
Background In angiosperms, phenotypic variation of floral organs is often considered as the traditional basis for the evolutionary relationship of different taxonomic groups above the species level. However, little is known about that at or below the species level. Here, we experimentally tested the phenotypic variation of Malus floral organs using combined methods of intraspecific uniformity test, interspecific distinctness analysis, principal component analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Q-type cluster analysis. The ancestor-inclined distribution characteristic analysis of Malus species and cultivars floral attributes was also carried out, so as to explore its taxonomic significance. Results 15/44 phenotypic traits (e.g., flower shape, flower type, flower diameter, ...) were highly consistent, distinguishable, and independent and could be used as the basis for Malus germplasm taxonomy. The studied 142 taxa were divided into two groups (A, B) and five sub-groups (A₁, A₂, B₁, B₂, B₃), with significantly variable floral phenotypic attributes between groups and within sub-groups. Malus natural species were relatively clustered in the same section (series) while homologous cultivars showed evidence of ancestor-inclined distribution characteristics. However, no significant correlation between the evolutionary order of sections (Sect. Docyniopsis → Sect. Chloromeles → Sect. Sorbomalus → Sect. Eumalus) and group/sub-groups (B₃ → B₂ → B₁ → A). Conclusions Phenotypic variation of floral organs could better explore the genetic relationship between Malus taxa. The findings improved our cognition of floral phenotypic variation taxonomic significance under the species level.
Item Metadata
| Title |
Phenotypic variation of floral organs in flowering crabapples and its taxonomic significance
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| Creator | |
| Publisher |
BioMed Central
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| Date Issued |
2021-10-30
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| Description |
Background
In angiosperms, phenotypic variation of floral organs is often considered as the traditional basis for the evolutionary relationship of different taxonomic groups above the species level. However, little is known about that at or below the species level. Here, we experimentally tested the phenotypic variation of Malus floral organs using combined methods of intraspecific uniformity test, interspecific distinctness analysis, principal component analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Q-type cluster analysis. The ancestor-inclined distribution characteristic analysis of Malus species and cultivars floral attributes was also carried out, so as to explore its taxonomic significance.
Results
15/44 phenotypic traits (e.g., flower shape, flower type, flower diameter, ...) were highly consistent, distinguishable, and independent and could be used as the basis for Malus germplasm taxonomy. The studied 142 taxa were divided into two groups (A, B) and five sub-groups (A₁, A₂, B₁, B₂, B₃), with significantly variable floral phenotypic attributes between groups and within sub-groups. Malus natural species were relatively clustered in the same section (series) while homologous cultivars showed evidence of ancestor-inclined distribution characteristics. However, no significant correlation between the evolutionary order of sections (Sect. Docyniopsis → Sect. Chloromeles → Sect. Sorbomalus → Sect. Eumalus) and group/sub-groups (B₃ → B₂ → B₁ → A).
Conclusions
Phenotypic variation of floral organs could better explore the genetic relationship between Malus taxa. The findings improved our cognition of floral phenotypic variation taxonomic significance under the species level.
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| Subject | |
| Genre | |
| Type | |
| Language |
eng
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| Date Available |
2021-11-19
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| Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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| Rights |
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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| DOI |
10.14288/1.0403726
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| URI | |
| Affiliation | |
| Citation |
BMC Plant Biology. 2021 Oct 30;21(1):503
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| Publisher DOI |
10.1186/s12870-021-03227-8
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| Peer Review Status |
Reviewed
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| Scholarly Level |
Faculty; Researcher
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| Copyright Holder |
The Author(s)
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| Rights URI | |
| Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)