Open Collections

Huang, Chia-Chi Flora; Lingadahalli, Shreyas; Morova, Tunc; Ozturan, Dogancan; Hu, Eugene; Yu, Ivan Pak Lok; Linder, Simon; Hoogstraat, Marlous; Stelloo, Suzan; Sar, Funda; van der Poel, Henk; Altintas, Umut B; Saffarzadeh, Mohammadali; Le Bihan, Stephane; McConeghy, Brian; Gokbayrak, Bengul; Feng, Felix Y; Gleave, Martin E.; Bergman, Andries M; Collins, Colin C.; Hach, Faraz; Zwart, Wilbert; Emberly, Eldon; Lack, Nathan A.

BioMed Central

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) is critical to the initiation, growth, and progression of prostate cancer. Once activated, the AR binds to cis-regulatory enhancer elements on DNA that drive gene expression. Yet, there are 10–100× more binding sites than differentially expressed genes. It is unclear how or if these excess binding sites impact gene transcription. Results: To characterize the regulatory logic of AR-mediated transcription, we generated a locus-specific map of enhancer activity by functionally testing all common clinical AR binding sites with Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Regions sequencing (STARRseq). Only 7% of AR binding sites displayed androgen-dependent enhancer activity. Instead, the vast majority of AR binding sites were either inactive or constitutively active enhancers. These annotations strongly correlated with enhancer-associated features of both in vitro cell lines and clinical prostate cancer samples. Evaluating the effect of each enhancer class on transcription, we found that AR-regulated enhancers frequently interact with promoters and form central chromosomal loops that are required for transcription. Somatic mutations of these critical AR-regulated enhancers often impact enhancer activity. Conclusions: Using a functional map of AR enhancer activity, we demonstrated that AR-regulated enhancers act as a regulatory hub that increases interactions with other AR binding sites and gene promoters.

Article

eng

Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0397416

Medicine, Faculty of; Other UBC; Non UBC; Urologic Sciences, Department of

10.1186/s13059-021-02339-6

Faculty

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/