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Grummer, Jared A.; Whitlock, Michael C.; Schulte, Patricia M.; Taylor, Eric B., 1958-

BioMed Central

Background: Identifying ecologically signifcant phenotypic traits and the genomic mechanisms that underly them are crucial steps in understanding traits associated with population divergence. We used genome-wide data to identify genomic regions associated with key traits that distinguish two ecomorphs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—insectivores and piscivores—that coexist for the non-breeding portion of the year in Kootenay Lake, southeastern British Columbia. “Gerrards” are large-bodied, rapidly growing piscivores with high metabolic rates that spawn north of Kootenay Lake in the Lardeau River, in contrast to the insectivorous populations that are on average smaller in body size, with lower growth and metabolic rates, mainly forage on aquatic insects, and spawn in tributaries immediately surrounding Kootenay Lake. We used pool-seq data representing ~ 60% of the genome and 80 fsh per population to assess the level of genomic divergence between ecomorphs and to identify and interrogate loci that may play functional or selective roles in their divergence. Results: Genomic divergence was high between sympatric insectivores and piscivores (FST = 0.188), and in fact higher than between insectivorous populations from Kootenay Lake and the Blackwater River (FST = 0.159) that are > 500 km apart. A window-based FST analysis did not reveal “islands” of genomic diferentiation; however, the window with highest FST estimate did include a gene associated with insulin secretion. Although we explored the use of the “Local score” approach to identify genomic outlier regions, this method was ultimately not used because simulations revealed a high false discovery rate (~ 20%). Gene ontology (GO) analysis identifed several growth processes as enriched in genes occurring in the ~ 200 most divergent genomic windows, indicating many loci of small efect involved in growth and growth-related metabolic processes are associated with the divergence of these ecomorphs. Conclusion: Our results reveal a high degree of genomic diferentiation between piscivorous and insectivorous populations and indicate that the large body piscivorous phenotype is likely not due to one or a few loci of large efect. Rather, the piscivore phenotype may be controlled by several loci of small efect, thus highlighting the power of whole-genome resequencing in identifying genomic regions underlying population-level phenotypic divergences

Article

eng

Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0396962

Science, Faculty of; Other UBC; Zoology, Department of

10.1186/s12862-021-01795-9

Faculty

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/