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Concentrations of Water-Soluble Forms of Choline in Human Milk from Lactating Women in Canada and Cambodia Wiedeman, Alejandra M.; Whitfield, Kyly C.; March, Kaitlin M.; Chen, Nancy N.; Kroeun, Hou; Sokhoing, Ly; Sophonneary, Prak; Dyer, Roger A.; Xu, Zhaoming; Kitts, David D.; Green, Tim J.; Innis, Sheila M.; Barr, Susan I.

Abstract

Choline has critical roles during periods of rapid growth and development, such as infancy. In human milk, choline is mostly present in water-soluble forms (free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine). It is thought that milk choline concentration is influenced by maternal choline intake, and the richest food sources for choline are of animal origin. Scarce information exists on milk choline from countries differing in animal-source food availability. In this secondary analysis of samples from previous trials, the concentrations of the water-soluble forms of choline were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in mature milk samples collected from lactating women in Canada (n = 301) and in Cambodia (n = 67). None of the water-soluble forms of choline concentrations in milk differed between Canada and Cambodia. For all milk samples (n = 368), free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, and the sum of water-soluble forms of choline concentrations in milk were (mean (95%CI)) 151 (141, 160, 540 (519, 562), 411 (396, 427), and 1102 (1072, 1133) µmol/L, respectively. Theoretically, only 19% of infants would meet the current Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Our findings suggest that the concentrations in milk of water-soluble forms of choline are similar in Canada and Cambodia, and that the concentration used to set the infant AI might be inaccurate.

Item Metadata

Title
Concentrations of Water-Soluble Forms of Choline in Human Milk from Lactating Women in Canada and Cambodia
Creator
Wiedeman, Alejandra M.; Whitfield, Kyly C.; March, Kaitlin M.; Chen, Nancy N.; Kroeun, Hou; Sokhoing, Ly; Sophonneary, Prak; Dyer, Roger A.; Xu, Zhaoming; Kitts, David D.; Green, Tim J.; Innis, Sheila M.; Barr, Susan I.
Contributor
University of British Columbia. Food, Nutrition and Health Program; Children's Hospital (Vancouver, B.C.). Research Institute
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Date Issued
2018-03-20
Description
Choline has critical roles during periods of rapid growth and development, such as infancy. In human milk, choline is mostly present in water-soluble forms (free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine). It is thought that milk choline concentration is influenced by maternal choline intake, and the richest food sources for choline are of animal origin. Scarce information exists on milk choline from countries differing in animal-source food availability. In this secondary analysis of samples from previous trials, the concentrations of the water-soluble forms of choline were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in mature milk samples collected from lactating women in Canada (n = 301) and in Cambodia (n = 67). None of the water-soluble forms of choline concentrations in milk differed between Canada and Cambodia. For all milk samples (n = 368), free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, and the sum of water-soluble forms of choline concentrations in milk were (mean (95%CI)) 151 (141, 160, 540 (519, 562), 411 (396, 427), and 1102 (1072, 1133) µmol/L, respectively. Theoretically, only 19% of infants would meet the current Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Our findings suggest that the concentrations in milk of water-soluble forms of choline are similar in Canada and Cambodia, and that the concentration used to set the infant AI might be inaccurate.
Subject
Choline; Phosphocholine; Glycerophosphocholine; Lactation; Human milk; Infants; Adequate intake; Dietary recommendations
Geographic Location
Cambodia; Canada
Genre
Article
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2019-06-27
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
CC BY 4.0
DOI
10.14288/1.0379668
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/70851
Affiliation
Other UBC; Non UBC
Citation
Nutrients 10 (3): 381 (2018)
Publisher DOI
10.3390/nu10030381
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty
Rights URI
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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CC BY 4.0