Open Collections

UBC Faculty Research and Publications

Cellular Immune Responses of Older Adults to Four Influenza Vaccines : Results of a Randomized, Controlled Comparison Kumar, Arun; McElhaney, Janet E.; Kollmann, Tobias R.; Halperin, Scott A.; Scheifele, David W.

Abstract

Cellular immunity is important for protection against the serious complications of influenza in older adults. As it is unclear if newer influenza vaccines elicit greater cellular responses than standard vaccines, we compared responses to two standard and two newer licensed trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIVs) in a randomized trial in older adults. Non-frail adults ≥65 years old were randomly assigned to receive standard subunit, MF59-adjuvanted subunit, standard split-virus or intradermal split-virus TIV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) harvested pre- and 3-weeks post-vaccination were stimulated with live A/H3N2 virus. PBMC supernatants were tested for interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and lysates for granzyme B (GrB). Flow cytometry identified CD4+ and CD8+ T- cells expressing intracellular IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, GrB, or perforin. Differences following immunization were assessed for paired subjects and among groups. 120 seniors participated, 29-31 per group, which were well matched demographically. Virus-stimulated PBMCs were GrB-rich before and after vaccination, with minimal increases evident. Immunization did not increase secretion of IFN-γ or IL-10. However, cytolytic effector T-cells (CD8+GrB+perforin+) increased in proportion post-vaccination in all groups (significantly in 2), to similar mean values across groups. CD4+GrB+perforin+ T-cells also increased slightly after each vaccine, to similar mean values per group. Vaccinations did not increase the low baseline percentages of IFN-γ+, IL-2+ or IL-10+ CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. In conclusion, participants had pre-existing cellular immunity to H3N2 virus. All four vaccines boosted cellular responses to a similar but limited extent, including cytolytic effector CD8+ T-cells associated with clinical protection against influenza.

Item Metadata

Title
Cellular Immune Responses of Older Adults to Four Influenza Vaccines : Results of a Randomized, Controlled Comparison
Alternate Title
Cellular Immune Responses of Seniors to Influenza Vaccines
Creator
Kumar, Arun; McElhaney, Janet E.; Kollmann, Tobias R.; Halperin, Scott A.; Scheifele, David W.
Date Issued
2017-06
Description
Cellular immunity is important for protection against the serious complications of influenza in older adults. As it is unclear if newer influenza vaccines elicit greater cellular responses than standard vaccines, we compared responses to two standard and two newer licensed trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIVs) in a randomized trial in older adults. Non-frail adults ≥65 years old were randomly assigned to receive standard subunit, MF59-adjuvanted subunit, standard split-virus or intradermal split-virus TIV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) harvested pre- and 3-weeks post-vaccination were stimulated with live A/H3N2 virus. PBMC supernatants were tested for interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and lysates for granzyme B (GrB). Flow cytometry identified CD4+ and CD8+ T- cells expressing intracellular IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, GrB, or perforin. Differences following immunization were assessed for paired subjects and among groups. 120 seniors participated, 29-31 per group, which were well matched demographically. Virus-stimulated PBMCs were GrB-rich before and after vaccination, with minimal increases evident. Immunization did not increase secretion of IFN-γ or IL-10. However, cytolytic effector T-cells (CD8+GrB+perforin+) increased in proportion post-vaccination in all groups (significantly in 2), to similar mean values across groups. CD4+GrB+perforin+ T-cells also increased slightly after each vaccine, to similar mean values per group. Vaccinations did not increase the low baseline percentages of IFN-γ+, IL-2+ or IL-10+ CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. In conclusion, participants had pre-existing cellular immunity to H3N2 virus. All four vaccines boosted cellular responses to a similar but limited extent, including cytolytic effector CD8+ T-cells associated with clinical protection against influenza.
Subject
immunization; adults; influenza; immune response; cellular immunity
Genre
Article; Postprint
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2018-06-21
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
DOI
10.14288/1.0357949
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63606
Affiliation
Medicine, Faculty of; Non UBC
Citation
Kumar, A., J.E. McElhaney, et al. (2017). “Cellular immune responses of older adults to four influenza vaccines: Results of a randomized, controlled comparison.” Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 13(9): 2048-2057.
Publisher DOI
10.1080/21645515.2017.1337615
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty; Researcher
Rights URI
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Aggregated Source Repository
DSpace

Item Media

Item Citations and Data

Rights

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International