Open Collections

FORMATION OF THE BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTOR AND ITS LINK TO VERTICAL FLUID FLOW

University of British Columbia. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; International Conference on Gas Hydrates (6th : 2008 : Vancouver, B.C.)

Many places where natural gas hydrate occurs have a regionally extensive, bottom-simulating seismic reflector (BSR) at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). This reflection marks the top of an underlying free-gas zone (FGZ). Usually, hydrate recycling (that produces gas as the stability field moves upward relative to sediments) is invoked to explain the presence and properties of the sub-BSR FGZ. However, this explanation is not always adequate: FGZs are often thicker in passive-margin environments where hydrate recycling is relatively slow, than in convergent-margin environments where hydrate recycling is relatively fast (e.g. Blake Ridge compared with Cascadia). Furthermore, some areas with thick FGZs and extensive BSRs (e.g. west Svalbard) have similar rates of hydrate recycling to northern Gulf or Mexico, yet the latter has no regional BSR. Here we discuss a gas-forming mechanism that operates in addition to hydrate recycling, and which produces a widespread, regional, BSR when gas is transported upward through the liquid phase; this mechanism is dominant in tectonically passive margins. If the gas-water solubility decreases downward beneath the GHSZ (this occurs where the geothermal gradient and the pressure are relatively high), low rates of upward fluid flow enable pore water to become saturated in a thick layer beneath the GHSZ. The FGZ that this produces achieves a steady-state thickness that is primarily sensitive to the rate of upward fluid flow. Consequently, geophysical observations that constrain the thickness of sub-BSR FGZs can be used to estimate the regional, diffuse, upward fluid flux through natural gas-hydrate systems.

Gas hydrates; Fluid flow; BSR; Seismic; Bottom-simulating seismic reflector

Text

eng

Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0040947

Non UBC

Unreviewed

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/