@prefix ns0: . @prefix edm: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dc: . @prefix skos: . @prefix geo: . ns0:identifierAIP "23a86f8a-2767-4988-bd4e-a1435b4efa55"@en ; edm:dataProvider "CONTENTdm"@en ; dcterms:issued "2016-07-19"@en, "1921-11-01"@en ; edm:aggregatedCHO "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/wclarion/items/1.0318950/source.json"@en ; dc:format "application/pdf"@en ; skos:note """ of IVBHT8 Official Organ of THE SOCIALIST PARTY OF CANADA Twice s Month VAV( nlVKK. !*.<;.'. ffOVEMBBR 1, 1921 FIVSCXNTt ur Declining Standard of Living A Pointer for Pre-Election Audi M'F. itstement quoted below show* a progres- sjredeeline from 1806 to 1080 in the standard of hvmg oi the American wage-working class, ur; , ,n 'ii,-' that period society's produc aajactty increased enormously, yet, both in re- I io thi !*"'•» standard and to the tneressing -,-•:,, as] Si • ';■ . laSS and less of the products <>f \\ • Ut* fone to the working claaa as its l-eeosa- I r ' I readers! Daring that period, the OapHslist lalssM fed your imagination with sounding iv» ar.'i florioua promises! titan ia no "Laud <»' Dream*." I/mg * (Stria, depresaion SSttlsd 09 our in- IfeeU - . ^e toia* it in lo*r% productive **n un- *rke! providing the only break | n Themrtailmeiit of production, the »•;• industry abort o! iu capacity, the part MB oi m-h and the mateftal equipment of hss 1-teome a necessity, a considered and Ca\\ poliey in industry—this, for the bustaesa- Pfcrpate of (blaming profitable prieee in ih* bv ■•-. ' tJR owner* 0f industrial plant*. [8aSB*r| is n-d operated to ita full capacity, as it ■ bi il (hi livelnVaod of the communities were [UI eaesidersti >n, because it is in the control of s^tttnen who have the market in view, and at 8R RSnsaud output is regulated. Profits are the >■■■' ! ..o '.-.'cnaiderntion in business, whleh is to say, that industry is operated solely with a view to ***** ****** ' the mark-rt as will yield a surplus over and above production cost—the surplus goes to various capitalist interests in th? form of rent, irft crest, snd industrial and eotmnereial profit. Tin output of industry is produced, not to supply the eoosUtapUon capacity of the communities, but I- supply the demand of tbe market, the limit of Whleh i* iUp "Returning capacity; that is to say, pro- dnetion i* for sab for profit, and not for use. We do not Know the limits of the consumption eap- a* ity of the communities Neithe/ do we know the limits of the prol tetivc capacity of modern industrial power*. As straight acienttue engineering pro- positions, the problem of reaching the liniite of one or the other capacity has never been considered, mucfa less Sttempted A profit system, needless to say. ia no fit laboratory for such a social experiment. Hut we do know tlie limits of the purchasing cap- ity of the market. For the market becomes glutted With commodities., r.:id. fa"consequence, the productive capacity of lhr communities has to he curtailed that Ea to say, the well-being of tbe communities 00 to be ssbotsged—all to serve the ends of go d, safe and sound, and since the l^th century, • honored business principles, The productive capacity of the communities has to be sabotaged b) the business interests, because the purchasing capacity of the market does not keep lences . pace with the increasing productivity of modern industry. As the market capacity, with the passing of time, lags more and more behind productive capacity, more and more must the business interests practice sabotage ou-4he communities, in the interest of profitable prices for themselves. Not for nothing are they called "the Interests." And so, the army of the unemployed whom industry can not absorb, grows larger. The standard of living (of the workers) has been declining since 1S96. beccuse there has been a permanently overstocked labor market. There is a permanently over- stocked labor-market beeause the market for commodities ean not absorb all the commodities that industry is capable of turning out—a chain of economic facts inherent in the capitalist system of pro- ductibn for sale for profit. The standard of living declines, because modern industrial processes sre too productive—what a paradox 1 ^Competition betv een the sellers of the commodity labor-power on an overstocked labor-market, has operated like an* over-riding law of nature to defeat all efforts to even maintain the level of 1896, not to speak of raising that level in keeping with the progress of the arts of production since thst time. Even the intense activities of the organized labor movement during 1918 and 1919, with conditions abnor- (Continued on page 2) The Great Illusion. • 8M happens to suggest to the average "intc!- k**0" that he ia a slave he usually resents ft? «>ft impeabment-sometimes with crett ***** » di to disprove the assertion, to- -*■! nut "disproofs" are more emphatic than 'Wag, an,| an- -,-,l*ject to eOttStdershle modi *■■ Where for thr time we will leave him. *«--">oi*stitutea'*freedom?" What dOCJ. it mean "foil" "Freedom" is to fulfil, in » normal Jj t|"' Beceasitioa of natural life, to be able to I''"'"*"ith md satisfy rationally the laws of In- 11,81 being To he '-free" is to be m the eondi- "*'■"■> the normal being can exercise fully and 'ir,l!lv the laws, 0r constituted being ami If therO- £ "^Wad to live r, full, roundel and complete y "'•o-'ver or whatever is prevented fipom tone- J "* the common, healthy and natural pro- [*''• foiiKtji*-,,--, being demand, ia not free. ^"i",n ,,a* nothing to do with the gpeeial plead- UlUr™t, with the ideation derived from poli* ^«Hitv, fortided hy political success. dh> •NaT'' **** WitU ^•ii/n- vieissitude. Such '** -I Of seeondnry aignilleaiice, implying ^p'Wtions, nnd wherever c)as« distinction* ■ *^aom declines, Class concepts of freedom ^'''^'"•tions in terms, of relative bearing, nee- J ""beating particular interest, and although . '/>nall.v so<-i»ii in character are by no moans self at "'xuh"'. For primarily, class involves sub- jOMtion and indivi.lualiwn--the antithesis of social freedom A full and complete life can be secured . on eondition ol fall freedom, and freedom is 1h; .„,...,.„■ r-atisfaction of natural wants. What -,„.,, nr, the "natural wants- Of man. funda- menunrt food and reproduction and from that basts development proceeds. Man emerges from the darkness of the past ta lhoUkenesaof the wild short and squat deep- ,,,.rtta girthed like a beast, with curved Umbsand tn, strong muse!., and wide of jaw, th* ;;.d and feeble brained. Hi ing in bands throng thcgloomv forests, feeding, breeding, Irving and Mnglikothe wild around him, yet ^bnig.nant ■I",, nfuliv.vwththcpotcntialit.es of humanity. ^ygiaally weaker than: the wUd things around , • , Z*. driven to cunning and resource for pro- 1 : He ",.,;; be maintained the struggle for !o , ' r. favored him, lifted him to new «* :":;;,; :;:'-■>•. »..■« hi,» •",,"";"r, ,,,„.„,- . «ve dwelling plaiMmw, ***** , tf,,„,» ..f,h..fi,H.n.l ««»*«.•**; i»- \""";1";";:;. ';,,,„.„ u *» ■«■■«** •» ***-*m -•"•:.',; ,„,i s..,>pii.-s. ,,„,.,,,,. h» wrfuti ii."!\"""1 "' mUrn. tnd for thousamla upon i""'' :'S', J',„•. WWed i" tl"' *ild hunting packs thousands ol year""' of e»r]y •»*'«*«'• it^llfaM\\ urged him oeasc- li.J;',:,,r;,^,iI,ovi"i"S«o.vn,ado.too,Sofs.on(. and bone carried his social organisation to a higher p'afte. his thought to a wider comprehension, his conduct to a new unity. Misunderstanding the forces of nature, he began a tortuous direction to human development. He made gods in his own image and grovelled in fear at their feet. llis curiosity and greed were the forerunners of acieiico and trade; his patience and courage, the foundations of our highest culture. And each of such scrapie beginnings gave impetus and direction to further development and undreamed of consequence. Vet, stern and crude as savage life and society was, here was freedom. Outside of natural calamities, man found satisfaction of bi8 normal wants. Free, he knew nothing of civilisation, its comparative culture, precarious amenities and doubtful protection. He could not exist apart from the tribe; he dared not set foot on the territory of another tribe; for the benefit of the commune (and himself) he had to conform to the will of the commune. Nevertheless, to wander over the face of the earth is not freedom, nor is compliance with social welfare slavery. This man did not starve in the midst of plenty, nor did he go naked and shelterleao in abundance. He was not broken with fruitless and incessant toil, his lifejvas not held at the dictation of another. His society knew neither poverty nor wealth, theft nor prostitution, plunder nor (Continued on page 3) PAGE TWO WESTERN CLARION a> The Rainmakers T1IK credulity of men 0.VT veVbiaJ snd displays itself in a multi-va.-r'-t' of ways mu' ■ ing it a state common to all There is a story told about a people who lived on an idand. Medi- sehon, in the sea of Alkali, which ».a{.hasi/es li.is quality in an unmistakable manner. They were simple folk, the story say-;. «rl ■< used the most primitive methods in training a livelihood. PrrsaitiTe in this they were eqosJQj 1 •-.■• erd io their notions, customs, and habits of 'sought—unaffected by the tremendous strides of Science, especially Met'-orolog\\ •■-remarkable a this particular time in tho land of i.Jreat People. FVom which they were cast adrift in a m> Jerd jf sjdeen by Nature. The folklore of these simpb people relat*. s how the land at one time WSS rich, for.Ue. ar.d *."*nep- ously watered—just when and when il WSJ most, needed—and was thickly co - d tv:'i- '.i-ng. lush grass on which their stock "levc fat. and sled.. In those days ev-ry^n-: fare., sumptuously ou tender steaks and JOhSJ cutlets r< nn.'*d out with wholesome bread and delicious Mocha Came a time, though, when the ran. ceased tx> visit them. For some unkn-vi, e.v-se. the atmospheric eonditions changed an I wtrv :.ppo£'*d to them. Consequently their lands v,.re parched: great cracks, into which their stock did fall and die, were seen everywhere. Like all simple folk harrassed (>;• fear and worry. thev opened their "josh"' (!) hl-u&ci and prayed long and earnestly to Tosh ar*d nosh to bring back again the gentle, life-giving rs i& From the Isle of MedisehoL *.o the land of Great People came a traveller who * '...] to uae wise-acre this strange phenomenon. Tt.- latUv listened attentively and, afterwards, med tated long and seriously. Then he. next, did pack at suitcase, some trunks and boxes, filling all with queer contrivances, much chemicals and many books. He did buy. too. a ticket from Steamboat Bill who carried him to Medisehon. The distressed people who met him, th - minds immediately captivated by his sparkling wit and charming manners: the womenfolk, seduced al once by his modish clothes, his ;. .h«-.i.:an ehar.i ■* ; the/ did all agree that he was IT. Having then established himself, he d:d ta du his trunks and boxes. And one day when the h laresf were heavy with dark grey euiiy^lae he set i., hia Marvellous Machinery. The wondering people gathered aron and watched intently his every movement. Tur:. m to the crowd, he said: "With this machine r*ud the chemicals, which you see me mix, J. can bring back to you the rains you need so much." "For so many golden shekels I can giv* ypsj so many inches of rain. Measured by the Health in crops and stock that will accrue to yon, tht, pr:ce is but a trifle." The machine whirred: a cloud of stellar dust was disturbed. And, fast on the heels of this event, there came one man from a nearby village, much excited, gesticulating wildly, crying—" Rain is falling on Nogull lake." The now agitated people looked at the stranger from the land of Great People. Wearing a dejected mien, a tremor of the lip, and with a note of gri"f in his voice, he addressed his audience, saying: "I am eorry- I-shot too much with the result, SS you have heard, the rain was sent too far." That night the wise-one reeeivci" a depntatirn from the anxious people of Medisehon. They would pay his* price. A week afterwards, according to the story, .rain came. Everybody rejoiced—none more so than the Rainmaker of Great People. This somewhat crude synopsis will give the reader a useful analogy which can be applied to the rain makers st work in modern society. And nowhere more sedulously employed than in Canada. Maeken-ne King is tha esuef rainmaker f«r the Mheral Pstty. The sedoetive but contradictory utterances of this honored gentleman awaken hope in the tormcntcl munU af the agrarian and industrial eases* nts of thai eonuannity. In brief and in BBbsUnCC this i-* "hat his me* saio to tbe people amounts to: |t\\ taking olT SUCfi tariffs jis present the I irmera from acquiring cheap- cr agricultural implements from American producers eashling Canadian femora to pfodhaes grain at lees cost while competing with their kind m other rountricv On the other hand by placing tariffs ..ri such pro- dueta as enter lore from other countrie*. and especially those that can DC produced as cheaply h< re (given th** industrial developments), "Mae" thanks he can aid the merchants and the workers of thia counrty. fie forgets, if he ev.r knew, that shifting tariffs from here to there decs not n'Teet the general economic situation but simp.y remove* thc burden from cue shoulder to the oth-*) of the body politic. And so. too. we find the honorable Meighsa jupi ter-plnvi-inc for Wall St. Canadian exploiters never did posses BSUCh Capital Of their own. ami to keep industry running even ;n normal limes they bad to borrow. To carry out local, provincial, and dosaifiiOR improvements, the governments Rave had tn borrow. And Wail St. is the m<*-*! convenient place ju*t now .» borrow from. "Art" is not so ambitious as ">fji*\\" he ******** poses to keep tariff* jnst as they are, or a little higher Which, in either *-&.**-, suits the usurers of Wall St. Bat what neither of#these potential Btstessnen understand*! is this: Canada in company with all other countries *****. ts a market. And ** greal Is tbe pile of national debts; so many the claims on pn*j*erty that cheer* ., v e can pfodoee there is not in the pile of surplus nines, which is appropriated by the capitalists, enough to pay these bills, keep industry running, and still have a margin of profit to themselves. Vet Imperialism has not ceased to develop, the State, already large, is but an infant prodigy, whose maw will soon drip red again in the task of carving out another market. More- debts, rainmakers; . 4 then? • • • • m a So far 1 have been dealing more or l--*s specif". eally with the credulity of the exploiting class. From here on I want to make a few comments on the credulity of the workers snd the methods of tlie rainmakers who play upon them. It is on record that a certain professor «f Chemistry spproaehod his class one day with the purpose of determining thr power of suggestion. "I have here." he said, "a small botde containing a colorless fluid which throws off a pungent odor. Members of this class can help me determine the strength of the liquid in this way." "Tin- moment I withdray the cork, start exercising your olfactory organs. And the first to perceive the odor let him raise and keep raised his hand. I will keep my ey< n on the clock, in order to see how long it takes the smell to travel throughout, the class, until the last one of you has raised his hand." The ticking of thc clock was marked by* the professor, each stroke was counted. A few seconds passed and the first hand was stretched high; two a intes elapsed before the last member of the clasa had his hand raised in line with the rest. The professor, with twinkling eyes, remarked, 'It's the first time to my knowledge that distilled water carried such a powerful odor." This power of suggestion is much in use by the rainmakers operating among workers in tho Socialist movement. Sometimes with the best intentions and, then again, often with the worst. For instance east and west of the Rockies, tho Socialist Partv of Canada is ind u long tune-considered « bat -,, furth,.r ^VJ sry organisation in the part of lass^sei^l era If ameaihetj*| th> Pa*y walkl^gS Place or is invited to a Social ..,„ /* "hen he is asked to speak el ; J a public sleeting, then instantl* one bom ii volent custom of the Best long* ,,.;.,.= life in the West The Scribe* and Phari* i i ,;. o, . ^ -dose their eyes diedainfoJl*. ■ the member p*usss by. Thaj whisper in i make mysterious signs b thi A j • . ,,! era* Intereal in the part-, . , 14M is tunied aside. NVver pSQSiltg fori -■ consider why these tactica are n whose interest he toeters si ih? pracl . j knowing; and eartng 1**** a . - *i. fan * Socialist Tarty is to make i ts or wert i religious enthusiasm for *< . ; , , Hoimm] the 80CIAL REVOLUTION ravy tm • Mr. Printer -pleas**, nn.j f.»r heaves't saki *sj forgel the inverted eommss Tbeea eletims «f an "infanti - m "d" and a little "«'. Ma. ai ' ml fondly imagine they are orgSJ g for s \\k'.:m Hevolutiun. In srtRMN interests Rahuaaaenl Thos#> Mho study >!arx, and ' ! 801 operatiin? in Society, the ' - : r, i gsaefated within the capita;-' eiasi DQst asi stand that there im one aumei r who. shouldering the burden of n saal *•'* fearing lh*» outcome of ff.*>:' ■ x ft cling (he depreciation of th*ir • ■ "snjl values, (hey must *e**k te throv ,T I • yoke, A th«* w-.rker who Hnderstsnds ' " ' dav! Kt OTJB DtCLtHQiQ STANDARD OF LlvTKO (Continued from Pag mally in ita fa*.-*r, ttidvd to bring tbi asrken » lo thc pre war standard Capitalism is DO "Und o' Ores I grim realitie*. Ami. but our ot • an* grim now it has brought aud will continue lo bi - ' Ai working class is A Declining Standard of Lsvici- The followinir is from "The \\ Oetober l.Mli As » mailer of fart the SjaSCt* SO • ' '* f b»n -Inimtnc sln*c- I8H (»r the 0*< ■^■•^ J°J^ ns to on alomsl |nif»»r«*es>iiWe.rljen afi*f r '■' ^ more rspWIy, saa iu ih* mrly rmr* ' '■> *'s* . most 'sisstrof-hic sp-e-J The rtsoi ^ the worftsss o>irins ihe fsi rssrs oi UM i,:":(19w<,rai »*r!n« them bsvrk e»en to I8S pn-wsr sl*wUM ^ thos-* staSsaassts *nh -Hime postUveaei jw ba»«l upon th»* rareful sio-ly of ProfMSS' PM . Ol the f'ntwrslty of * hlcsno. sad of r"T*u ^ as publlshH In the Fepiemt^r Bttmbar ol iss ^ ■esaessfta its-vj*-**." tw* sradi <";' *• llm Uv« work of Or, I. M tmbtSOM btrfori lh* J*^ ^ rommonplflTC of poUtlrnl as of bOUSeboW •••'■ ■ "Jj SSOasV miltes -tlv-f s fallarlotn. criicr.ro <* J*■• ^| What matl--rs Is not the Bttiafcef of <'"'' w pay OTivti-lopc. (Hit the amount of real !!i** ,h pay. or of eoal. or potelocs. or •*!**•• ••!"i "Ty,UB#f8 will buy. Comparing Ihe trend of a"'r ' |' rtlPhi'! lngs In nftwrn slantlanl Imlitstrics «I"1 tm' pf f*t power of money as measured by '»" "Stall P" ^ ^ (bSM oeonomlsts conelmlo tbat lbs real i i > ^ ^ wsftcs h-ut fallen aboot 6 per ceni hot«e< n but that by 1913 US average worker **■■> ^ cent. less, and In 1917—the amarlnft r1'" ° v ***** rlriK before the workers RSOseedSd In for IM ^^^ nJl—37 per onnt In othrr wor-f** In IW bufld»l Uvlns of workers In the woollen, cotton. ' '|basib1 baklnr. atowsruttlng. prlntmg. and mm*•**' " ,vV,,c>n 1? In the United Stales had fallen r \\: , . -,-.-. (o use the same symbol to r«*pr«•- il •-.." we would have a phonograii .. • - type whieh has repeatedly served to etween picture ideograms and pi HJ !t is thought probable thftt ; Ml important step by which the sd- u | ;. from ideogram* tO phonogn i-.. necessity ta express proper names I -j- . ire (he graphic symbol* of sounds As i. • •))•) have arUeu out of eonvenl i - whieh have bean taken to n HI itead of things. In the east Rt saractera wt find the most notable instanc' i r * arhieh has never succeeded in ad Ra .' lib* most rodiuiji ntary ■-!«•;• f lure^wriiing It has been foun tbt « ■ intricate and Rttaev Chine* k to their earliest forma or typ* • id to be aonventiotmtixed forms ' rude pictures io which they now b Planer. The Chinese Isngi th | m I' j ..is. it has no terminations to d< • ••<■S<*t.. be conveyed by the aid of variant spelling, ttNrifot, rue, wright, write. In order so be able to •fit*, an ordinary business letter in Chinese one "•oiiKl have to commit to memory some six or eei thousand of these (-roups of characters, hence in Hiiia aad in the countries ant poasessing sn alpha- •** bv peop|4 i,,an, l0 rpfl,| am* >vrite. nnd thef •m in> known as ths Iserned caste. 8yllRb5-?ni The stage in the progress of writing ■■ita lies) illustration iu ihe development of the ,,''*l"-> OUl of the Chinese. About the third ceo '""•'• S.D., it about the time of the great eastern i« "ns!" of the Buddhist faith, the Japanese earne ■^wntaet with Ihe civilization <-f OhhlS and ob- Uin,,'l a knowledge of the characters m which the "**«■ literature was written. The -Japanese tan* m^ Was polysyllabic, and the Chinese oharactsrs, **H are verbal phonograms, could only be use I 'r ln« expression of the polys} llahie Japanmc *"r',K by being treated as syllable signs. A nurn- ^Weharaeters attffielent to constitute a ayUahaty *-** been selected, it was found that the whole ■PPwatui of "keys" might be rejected. Here, bow- *- the development has stopped. It might seem *"J«e thai a people ns ingenious ns the Japanese JWM not, -luring the one thousand years that have J*Pwd itnee the introduction or the Chinese char- J(>''rs' develop their syllabary into an alphabet, bui ••Oil remember that it ia only within the present £*** that the Japanese have been a trading M J1 T»a fact that-such a development has not ^ place is sufficient to show that the working v.' of in alphabetic principle is not as easy w "'' 0!ls " '"niter as might he Suppossd, It »^W '"' noted in passing th ist now that the Japanese have have ioman it- na- ...IL" III. Authorities who bavi ■ to tb< * ° ****** u.mi iux -Japanese M\""" tii contact with Western civilisation and overed bow eonvenient and limple the It- alpha el ia, a movement to substitute it tor th !■■■■■ * Ha ar; has sprung up. K up- e studied the matter have • '■'- conclusion that there is a general law *-"'• - advance from one itage in the devel. »l writing to the next A next higher atage ls'"■■•' -" d by transmission ol the graphic system Irom one nation to another. On addition to the . usl cited, the trsnsmiasion oi the Aztec to the Msyaa oi Yucatan, oi the Egyptian to the 8em- '" w»d tbe thrice repeated tranamission of the The Zodiacal and planetary signs used by astronomers are also ideograms. Other ideograms used by us are the crown and broad arrow, sundry trademarks and armorial bearings, together with several printers' signs. Certain shop signs as the barber pole with its spiral bandage, whieh is a significant sign of blood letting; the three golden balls of the pawnbroker is a curious survival of the boluses (large pills) which denoted the ancestral calling of the Florentine family oi the Medici. In £ s. d. we have characters of alphabetical origin used simply ;is convenient phonograms standing for the words pounds, shillings and pence. Most of the Arabic numerals are degraded, from Semitic letters. (To be concluded next issue) -:0: elphabel to the Aryan nations—to the 1 " Persiaaa and the Indians, are facts ■ -■ this general role. Tbe best example of this gi n ii found in the case of the repeated -- ' ' ■ cuneiform writing. It was in- rented j \\- Turanian people, and transmitted to & die Aryans snd Babylonians, while out of the ■v- " ' eiforro arose, on one hand, the Turanian • '■ ' «yl a ..•.-. • nd ••:. the other the cunei- ol thc Aryan Persians, a -.. ■ - oi ;■ '!• rs represent ti e element- ir • • ■>> w\\n<'.. thi syllables can be resolved. ■ extant inscription in the world is the -■ in Un Ashmolean Museum at Oxford M. Hal - the date at about 4,700 B.C. It was erected ung oi the second dynasty, and is con- proof 1 ill even at that date the aieroglyphie « aim . an extremely ancient graphic long •'•'.'•■wi of previous development [retching oul nd it. The Egyptian picture- writing - every other primitive method of writ- • ire idi ograras, many of which the very last. Abstract ideas tly represented, were expresa- n , i* ri a • lie pictures, e.s.. the battle of .. ,. , tiding a shield the other a javelin. .- stagi must have been that the primitive -.,-,, [da c to the verbal phonogram and later these verbal phonograms came to be used - . InaJ y these syllabic signs were l U to form compound phonograms, ou if the rebua Egyptian writing also I a! symbols out of which .our , . ,,.,. prown. Alphabetic symbols on the K-rj ption raonumi tits go to show that the letters of !t, . .., older than the pyramids, older pro- -mv other existing monuments of human on v • the i ible exception of the Thi, ifcbyionian, Assyrians, Medea and the Japan.- BU ,,.';,. in passing only through the syllabic \\ which 1 • iero-jlyphie records of the Bgypt- ,1 .dalrea ■ advanced to the great conception ol hah tic writing. ... i, |a f01 vowel sounds are found mthesylla- ,,,,. nations, but the more diffun.lt, con- • .sonant, was not even approached. r . ... ft consonant, a sound that cannot be , , ,,,.,,, |u conjunction with some other , 'th( Mll}iil 0f ,he syllable into its ultimate ,h n. , to be aonc was to sweep away the super- '•'",lli;i,;i ' -. Thi9 step they never took, hut nTiidt«ce v-pietures side by side with that ;•-;;;,;.;;,,,;,,:,,, advancing to the use of "' ' \""" ,.,,,/,„ sounds. Kvenattheprcse.it fl^d signs phonographic and ideo- "■V"^T0 m considerable extent The Roman irn" T\\i 111 may be regarded-as pictures of 1111 ■ ' , «*"« nrohable that V. waa at first the fiT^nnh fork of the hand, the fingers collected P'^nreof the I r ^ (hat vv. or X. represents ••'■■• ih%„"hile!V. nml VI. would bo a picture of 'rVrui .b-ub..act,cn or addition of a finger. ,!l,,,1'lU/1 SNinhoN used in technical writing Mir- MW "' , ,,.,, „V(M1 in the midst of the highest viV' t0 7eivili»tion the spirit of the earliest and SXrof writing are not extinct. THE GREAT ILLUSION. (Continued from page 1) its corruption. All that the community had to offer was common right; to all the requirements of life; in all respects a free society. With barbarism came' property right and its corrollary, slavery. Came organized religion, organ- isnl militarism, organised political so. icty. (for the subjugation of man.) The savage was vanquished by the merchant; the commune broken up v.y trade. The natural patriotism of the tribesman for his bunting grounds became a weapon for politieal ag- gression: the reverence of ancestor-worship became obedience to god ordained rulers; traditional custom, transmitted to individual interest.- ln such a society man is a slave. He has no access to the necessities of life. He toils only at the will of another and for the benefit of another. He is bartered-— with all his potentialities for gain, and out of all the wealth he created he is thrown a scrap to support iiis miserable existence for further exploitation. Denied access to the means of life is to be denied satisfaction of the natural functions of life, and the accrued advantages of progress and enlightenment. Hence, as exploitation inevitably eats ils poverty, so dwarfed natural relations produce vice and depravity, invariably. Whoever holds the means of man's life holds man in bondage. Therefore, so long as political society shall persist, so long must man be enslaved. From primal necessity comes secondary consequence. Development had to he—it was, (is.) the law of the cosmos—and, taking place, produced class distinctions. But class distinctions are class interests, differing and opposite, and the interest which happens to be dominant can, for a time, regulate the forces of social and ethical progress to its own advantage. But to the disadvantage of others. Hence the class struggle, and revolution. And hence also the confusing variety of interlacing ideas, the overlapping of ancient tradition with modern thought, and the struggle of conflicting philosophies, representing conflicting interests, which, by and through such interests baffles us in our immediate aim, and blind us to fundamental cause. And truly, we are wedded to strange illusions. We call our shacks •'honie"; the penury of continuous toil "prosperity"; spoliation, enterprise; greed, incentive; impecunious necessity, thrift. We call political domination, democracy; exploitation "eternal right;" war, "holy;" our civilisation "enlightened." In the densest of ignorance we boast of culture, of virtue, amidst the most appaling corruption. We dub ourselves searchers for truth—and we daHy crucify it. With dainty conceit we lay claim to reason—that is no more than self interest; to intelligence^—that rises no higher than the impulse of emotion; to wisdom—unable to distinguish fact from fancy. With silver tongue we preach equality—and practice law; honesty, and accumulate riches; fraternity, and advocate "preparedness." We call commerce, "foreign relations;" lying, "diplomacy;" hypocraey, "statesmanship": guile, "law"; piracy, "glory"; robbery, "success" and the ethic overspreading this festering slough of pollution we call "divine will." But surely, the illusion of "freedom" is the most astounding of them all. R. pace tout* vV ESTER N CLARION Western Clarion ******** a MaSk by tha Soeialiat Party ef 481 react* Rtratt lest, Vaaeaavar, B. a gajMaai 8888 itar-si at Q. P. O. M ft aawapapar. Iditor ._ E wen MssLsod Subsuriptlon: II _ 11.00 « $1.00 A**tf-U *bls seaifcsr to m year addrasa laaaljeor VANCOUVER, B.C., NOVEMBER 1, 1921 SECRETARIAL NOTES. Comrades T). MacPherson and W. Erwin. hoth of Wimborne, Alberts, now that the full significance and sad realisation of a slim harvest has rewarded their seasons lsbor, have acquired or appropriated . some kind of a contraption that moves on wheels, filled it full of socialist literature, ami have departed for parte unknown but somewhere adjacent, to sow the seed of wisdom among the farmers. Should this perchance meet the eye of some farmer comrade upon whom tbey may with design or intention descend for help, encouragement, or an argument, that comrade ia accordingly commanded! • • • • The case of "The B. C. Federationist Ltd.,'' and A. S. Wells, manager, at this moment of writing stands adjourned until Monday Oetober 31st, when it will again be presented at the Police Court, Vancouver, for hearing. The magistrate requires time to read the book ("Left Wing Communism"). Legal defence is sn essential matter aud in this case an appeal is made for funds to that end. All moneys received st this office for defence in this case will be acknowledged in the names of the contributors in the columns of the "Federationist." • • • • "Geordie's" series will, we hope he continued in next issue. We promised continuation in this issue. it is true, but we can't help being at fault once in a while, snd the punishment, if there he any, must be meted out to ns snd not to "Geordie." • • • • The following item is sent by the Manitoba Provincial Executive Committee. "P. Kaplan, member of Local No. 3, Winnipeg, ha* been suspended from the Party for six months for s breach of Party discipline, in that he attempted to form a political compromise with persons out- aide tbe Party, contrary to the Constitution. Since his suspension he has sent his resignation to Local No. 3. • • • a Comrade Prank Cassidy is roaming around New Brunswick educating the folk in that region. He reports good meetings en ronte from Alberta and the way points, including Winnipeg, Toronto and Ottawa. Prank says he is likely to be around the Maritime Provinces for months to come and for the sake of the innocent political consciousness of the workers there we hope he will. • • • • The case of Robert Wslker, of Cumberland, B. 0;, suspended from Party membership for 30 days, is not yet definitely decided upon but is still under investigation. Announcement will be made in due course. • • • • A letter to us from the Secretary of Local Vic toria concerning a communication from the Communist Party of Canada advises us that Local Victoria considers itself well sble to look after its own business without the sid of the unknown. Tbis message eaueed ns to send to Victoria for a copy of the communication, and here it is. It bears no address. COMMUNIST PARTY OF CANADA September 30, 1921. Ts All tssrotSHss sf the aoelsllst Party of Canada Will you kindly read the followlm* to yonr local at the next niretluK* comra sddrCUS is givert. I waa in struct ed by the I»cal to send our answer to them to the "Clarion*" and have it published, if our Comrade Editor should see fit. We are aware that Slteil an OTgSlliasjion a* the Communist Party of Canada existed in "name.'" but we, the members »>f Local "Equity" have not yet met any of the peraonell of thai Party, nor have ws received any of their literature. So we an- somc- what inclined to believe them trading upon a name, with but little stock in trade, if any at all. We hesitate to *uiy anything derogatory to yon'until wc know more of you. bal yoti somewhat arouse -«ur re. sentSMOt and distrust when you proceed to "instruct" un militants of the S. P. of C. to leav*- that Party if we fail to obtain a Party Convention demanded by you to settle the qosatmn «»f affiliation with the Third International. All this you demand without explanation either a* to the benefit to be derived from such a consummation of your own qualification for making and) a sweeping demand. And if you, after having "watcltcd with interest UM discussion in our official organ on this question of affiliation" have Come tO the conclusion that wc "militants" can he stampeded hy your appeal into the Third International you are afflicted with hyeterie*. We are not moved by impassioned appeals but hy the loffje whereupon it is conditioned, though of course only .is far an our knowledge permit* 08 to judge. Will you wonder, friend, that we consider your method of doing business aimilar to the notorious Keu-KluxKlan? We an "militant*." hut not to tho extent of using coercive methods toward** our Comrades. Now, wc would like to know who "we" **ro that make this appeal to us. What is the date aud place of your birth? "four record iu the proletarian move. menU Justification for yonr exi*t*-iic< ~ personell and strength, Princfyles and program and mode of procedure of putting these principle* into practise! You have our ear, and we are open lo conviction. We will respect your enoJSdenec if entrusted to us. But we are noj an object for dictation nor victims of bombastic pretension. Friend, you will have to come out into daylight for inspection, for nearly all danger to the proletariat is to be found reared in hidden places, so we eschew it. If you arc a giant olthe right quality you may depend on us. If you arc not-though you be a giant we stall disown you. • Yours for Socialism, Local Equity No. 87. P. O. Seal, Alberta. (Signed) If. II. Hanson, Secy. It appears that the Communist*, are worrying much and plenty shout our overwhelming aslm, j„ face of tbe fact that thsaesamewi Iwivc from time to lime read 1nnhuH;;r°flhe have consigned u* ami all our ••n-j- *ervip« the grave. With all tl ' shove document pobl era "hunch" that there „-ay ,„ 3 of the grave. With all fce^bth! l° ^ °bH the above document puMieitv an i J Zm**M ..*- .. -'I...«.*.*- au-a£ '' Ul *« b.-ref.y *«2 ' "1"re.r.llv, y t*2\\hm A th08e alleged by iu ^ru^ U^rT^ •n^o*tn*lyM^ anunist now ' •::1 '■** ^^^mJ^tMjBMjMtMJe*Ai *a*mm. . The Worker*' (;,,.„,; u. ^^ more changes vet u>-some for if «,. „ m -J another tone has hem sailed, and we hares aet that this play-aetmg businem behind Uteaeeana: everyday Ufe ia dn^ for a r-., , .- yitttek. The heroic* of seaf-4mposed iUegaiitv' udaj eaffsred to h** unancceaaful nnd Unfruitfoj aadR a wrongful toternreietion ol ; •. uy-tar -m now that thc iiiter|*refati> Its seneei *$** rani hlhsd thsmaslvcs to Ihe I i : bat e\\ eryday facta of life for--*-- r that • | * Hde*| taer| eotne into e«»n(»ct with them soot \\» to us ami thc inatt.r of the rt • tmi oneation of atnitation with the i: ,r,j un^raatsssl and the rcfercnihim, w« are aot i ( of the conddence and good scan exj ::im I-oeal*. It is worth anting in this - ptissj Ueeal Equity have already, In ti;. coarse «>f 4a«a- <*.on of the qtie*ti-*i, .; | Bfttflvei IM Clarion columns n* favoring a* . • We bM this to any that confidence srill BOl I I - sal wc may ssar further, thst rflorti . to wsrriR <* a m our judgment by the C P **r its igeats, n-sloril- leg«d. in no way tend to dn*. ■■'■ • a a * * As wi* go to pri-s.1 tin* is*;, we are assisW driven into a eorner f«»r tmu S00 nstt * ■ "The Farmers' policy—aa laid down bj Ur CrSTR by C *%* snd a l»ook re\\-e*>. ol !' Psra Rh Politics,"-—the bank bj Wm Irvu ndtsen- vieia by Jack Harrington are nnfort utstely tret* ed out. They will keep till asst Rsai snd mrRf • mer reader* may look for an Issni " -r,f" ^ tluir activities c«me m for *.;•-' Isl m-*!!'!"'5 e ♦ • • And O! Itefore WS g«> Bos • ' ' yen «m:d (to yourself | you'd settdl Yoa BSTi I BddreiRi TOWARDS THE NEXT WAR The Tokio correspond...( of londoa !' ^ press" on June T2, sent a sensstionsl telefrse ' titiedi "Hays of War oa the PSetfe Ocean- He states tbat Japanese insurane- c*ompsi»»W been asked hy their slientS to » eepl insiimH - m the riak of war belweeo Japan and the I > • ing tne next twelve mouths. The eolTespoiides / l.,)t 1 !M|in' thai the naval armament programmes <>' < ■ _^ tries is interpreted as a proof of I"' I •••••f!"" - The correspondent *tat<* thai an ilUlu'^„m war is already being fell in the Bast-* Cause." DOMINION EUaiONS, 1921 SOCIALIST PABTY OF CANADA CANDIDA^ B. 0. CONTITUENCIES: NAVAIMO W. A. Prlteh8rd VANCOUVER (.« Beats)— - Hnrrnrd: J. D. Harrington , Centre: T. O'Connor SoRthl .1. Kavanagh MAIT1T0BA CONSTITUENCIES: WIXIPWJ- Centre: II. II. I'artliolei.irw North: 11. B. Russell WESTERN CLARION PAGE FIVE Ten-Minutes' Talks With New Students DESTITUTION AND DISTRIBUTION m Lv>i mohth in discussing povertj we saw that so long os tool* remained primitive, poverty was bound to be tne eommon lot of msn. We . however,-, that although poverty waa 1111- , in the early stages of nan's history, just !„• aus« his productive capacity was -.«■ low, such sn aid n*u be true of todaj s poverty. It could ii"' b« tru< beeauas of ths wonderful mscbin- M-i iovented under the athnuloa of eapitalism , through that wonderful machinery, 1. •> v,iv,-■; th< problem af prodnetion, bui it ha* left a r _■ em unsolved -the problem of distribution, , diown u- how to produc, the **•>■")*, but not to liatril ute them. And the feet that tin* pro- . still onsolved is strikingly evident whenever *** look around us today. When sr« examine ths Sctivitiee of tbe capitalists, w, find them actually destroying thing*- thai much r baa sane to prodaee and (hinge of wl■••■ h gi r the people are in dir.* need, You will 1.. • i • fruit trust tumbling hansna* into the m • ip price**, and of the rahher-gr iwers eat- prodnetion ly 28 pr- M nt bad meth ods of distributing tbe products of their labor, work, ing hard enri lies not them, hut the boss. In other -voids, the unsolved problem of distribution encourages ea' canny. When we turn to the gigantie numbers of the unemployed, we find they are not onemployed because of lack of to -Is or raw material- because they can't produce things; or because the things they can pro- dnes are not required bj the masses; but because these things cannot be distributed at a profit! If production 'u»* ity- burning problem ol the past, distribute ii is the burning problem of the present. It is this failure in distribution that is causing on- told misery to the world's workers. Their situation retuirds one of the equally desperate situation in whi h a chicken finds itself once in a lifetime. For the tirst tl.rel- weeks of its life the chicken lives within tbe egg where it is rerj warm and comfortable, and where there is plenty of food. When the first tl ree weeks of ita life are np, it discovers that be- f.veej. it and the food outside Ls the hard wall of the egg-shell. Unless it breaks through, it starves to th. Thsl i.s the position of the working class to- . The problem of distribution is the wall that PUtt tl -i i ofl from wealth, leisure and culture; and Ihere j*- only oni way out f<>r them -and that is to h**eali down the wall. Production today i-s artificially strangled by the method oi distribution. Goods are only distributed ,.- long as a profit follows: "No profit, no distribu- n .n." toy tho ■ apitslists. The result is idle machinery, destruction of goods, army corps of workiess nnm. Profit fails ;.* a regulator of distribution- a ueu regulstoi must be found, not individual profit, n-1 the profit ol a class but general need. IV espttslist dasa will never attempt to bring ah it web ■ revolutionary change. That is the great task history has set the working «lass. It is a task thai can only be solved by a working class thst understands it Hence, the need for the independent education of the working class, J. P..M. MILLAR "The Plebs." trar A. A. Jones, pnllA 6 to 10; place of sitting, 1897 Powell street. , Ward 4--J. F. Forbes (1-3), Woods Hotel, Hastings street east: Jos. Harlow (4-5). 526 Georgia street east; Chas Mitchell )6-7), &O0 Hastings street east; P. F. Seharschmidt (8-14), 1395 Keefer street; V,\\ If. P>rett (15-21), 2154 Williams street; A. L. manue! (23-25), 1709 Cotton Drive. VANCOUVER SOUTH (Socialist Candidate—J. Kavanagh) Area 1, comprising polling divisions 10,11 and 12, registrar, J. E. T. Yewdall, corner of Granville and Seventieth avenue; area 2, polling divisions 1, 13 and 14, W. W. Crompton, 937 Seventeenth avenue • west; area 3, polling divisions 2, 3, and 4, A. J. Pat- erson, 2131 Firty-fii-st avenue west; area 4, pollings divisions 5, 6 and 15. J. A. Lindsay, corner twenty- ninth and Dunbar street; area-e, divisions 7, 8 and 9, Wm. Crane, 4055 Twelfth avenue west; area 0, polling divisions 16 to 2li, inclusive. A. Williams, 4106 Main street; area 7, polling divisons 27 to 33, nclu- sive, B. Carruthers, 6486 Main street; area 8, polling divisions 34 to 43 inclusive, L. It. Taylor, 6434 Fraser avenue; area 9, polling divisions 44 to 51, inclusive, and 54, J. F. Lohb, 1617 Kings way; area 10, polling divisions 52, 55. 6i, 62 and 63, W. D. Grice, 572S Victoria road; area 11, polling divisions 56 to GO. II. E. Adams. 386 Joyce road; area 12, polling divisions 53 to 64, J. B. Stoddard, 7129 Victoria road. :0:- Here and Now. DOMINION ELECTIONS Regiitmion Particulars for Vancouver. Burrard, Centre and South. Registrars will ait from October 31 lo November " a m. nil ii p.m. with the exception of meal "*, and th<* returning officers appeal to the Ion lo make a point of seeing ss soon a<* posst- '■ ether their nemos are on the list, snd if not to ' '' * names put on. Persona who have moved from one polling div- '" to another have the option either of going to •he division in which thev nr. registered *» order to vote, or applying to the reglstrsr in the division lr> nhich they nre now resident to have their name Put on the lim for thai division. If a name sppesrs ■J t"" divisions the responsibility docs not lie on Je voter, bui on the organisation of the outside liiV|s""'. *hoee duty it will be to bsvc ths osmea ': "1 In eases where the elector has n gtstered else- where Tln'1 returning of Bean are r. W hit taker for Van* ",,!lv"' Centre, with central offices al 201 Rogers •-JUrling- m n, Hirsden. for Burrard, with central Jfnces al m Rogers Bldg., nud Adam Barnes, for venrouver South, with offices st 3939 Mai" Street, Tbe list of registrar! polling divisions, and places D» tilting nf the registrars are 88 folloWSS BURRARD (Socialist Candidate: J. D. Harrington) Sixteen to 21. K. Leah, 2117 Yew street. Twenty-two to 24. K. D. Davies, 1995 Fourth ave. Twenty-Jive to 28, I). A. Imrie, 1503 Fourth ave. rwenty-nine to 32, W. McDonald, 1427 Broadway Wcat Thirty- three to 38, B. Johansson, i*73 Broadway \\\\ ut, i'hiriv n'.'.c to 45, A. B, Lord, 553 Broadway West Port) -si*, to 48, K. Me line. 105 Broadway East. Forty-nine to 55, R. Forgie, south-west comer Kings way and Broadway. Kip- sue to 61, K. Pepler, 57! Broadway East Sixty-two, 63, 64, 77 and 178, A. M. Armstrong, 1121 Kingewsy. Sixty i\\< to 69, A. Butchsr, 171 Broadwsy East. S' renty-nine to 85, P. W. 1'ollack, northeast corner I1 istings and Clinton street. Bighty-sh to 90, J. J. Robinson, 3000 twenty- Be «ond svenue east Si venty to 76, J. Watt, 3525 Fraser avenue, North Vancouver. Ninety-three to 98, W. T. Cosgrove. Ninety-nine to 106, R. W. Salter. Dundarave Blk., Avenue, North Vancouver, VANCOUVER CENTRE * , (Socialist Candidate—T. O'Connor) • I Ward One Registrar, L. C. Ford; Polls 1 to 6, j, Davies, Roy Reid l.tlllSii'llc A certain character, well (and once popularly) known in what we may call the annals of conjectural history is reputed to have said, '"Cast your bread upon the waters and you may expect a bakery in*return," or an encouraging, cheerful and helpful word to some such effect. Whether or not the allurement of paradise has a hearing on the case, now that the harvest days are over the fact has it that our "Here and Now" acknowledgments are- due in the main (this issue) fo the prairie provinces. In making special mention of this fact we have no intention of copying the example set by those politieal windbags who would set town against country in antagonism these days. We mention it just in order to foster the anxiety for equality, That will, of course, bring the Clarion more subs. Anyway, we hope it will or we would not be so contentious about it. Our sub totals this issue, while they may be nothing to brag about, are indicative of fair financial weather in the print-shop. Not that anybody will ever mistake onr basement for a bank or any such-like institution, but we like our capacity for adding figures to be tested—not once, but often. Behold the totals: Accord such-like totals a continuously conspicions -place in the procession of events. Start in next issue. Following $1 each: A. F. ilarbaugh, H. Roberts, T. Sykes, Sam Much, J. Meldrum, J. Staples, A. Jor dan, Jas. Dyce, P. Rafferty, A. Corlan, A. A. Straw- bo. R. P. Miller, F. Isaacs, D. McTavish, N. C. Nelson. T. Hanwell, E. Waterson, J. Lavery, C. Butt, B. W. Sparks, W. Fleming, Abe Karme, J. J. Zender, J. A. Goodspeed, J. A. Beekman, C. C. Kennedy, J. Fisher, M. H. T. Alexander, W Henderson, T. Shaw, Allan Clark, J. Marshall, R. Townsend, M. S. Grott, T. W. Dyer. R. C. Twist, E. Meek, P: Mjytton, J. M. Brown, J. Skene, M. Carpendale, J. McDiarmid. Following $2 each: A. C. Pearson, P. L. Davidson, Sandy Fraser. J. Burton, S. J. B. Wood, Wm. Clarkson. Following $3 eacr: C. Crooks, Marshall Erwiu, T. pi,ice"of sitting. 625 Hornby street. Kigistrar W. A Woodward, polls 7 to 15; place of sitting. 1033 Registrar das. Bushell, polls L Georgia ^tvoet west, "™>Quui8i candidate: J. u. ntur.--o.v--/ ^^^"pTace ol sitting, 1600 Georgia street west, '"'•mrd District tnkes in that part of Vsncouver iu* .ij K ,)()I111(I|alli pi,,|s 23 to 21); place of .,">' s""h of False Creek. HssrtingS Park and from o k- ^ ^ ^ ^^ ,J(1),istrar A H L(UV< 1Urr)l,'l Inlet between Nanaimo ati r «d.w« tXi\\\\ol\\0 to 35; place of sitting, 1750. Nelsona treet W. S. Matthews $6; Sid Earp $4.50; A. M. Bige- low *f>i>- Above, Clarion subscriptions received from 14th to 27th October, inclusive, total $81.50. ■ •ii* i in-*-,-, feu .-tiiiiiiiiii*. •.---•-—- --p^p^pj ""UH|l"'.v Of Burnnbv 88 far south sa Twenty-ninth "!l,i" H also taken in ihe whole of the North Jpof Rurrard Inlet, from Indian 4.ver U) Brit* "I',"1 "" Howe Sound. „ , , .1-',,m,I'-l polling divisions it. Vancouver wiU "- - ";,'-v i'1 "'.mher, divided up among aUtions No. J tu Ward 6, No. 41 to 89, Ward 5; No. W to 78, .ff.Bl No. 7«» to 90, ward 7. . "tnt to Ifi, & K. Long, 2296 Fourth avenue west. 6-placeofsittui \\v,> lw'.'istnir C. K. Johnson, polls 1 to Hitting '•'••'• Pender street west. Registrar \\ p'McNeil*- polls 7 to 10; place of sitting, 76S Haiu- lt m '"street Registrar George Vernon, polls 11 to I*,' place of sitting. Barron Hotel, 1006 Grnnville CLARION MAINTENANCE FUND. i I street ve ." ; place 0 Ward ThreeRegietrsr Wm. B.Johnson, polls 1 to sitting. 247 Hastings street east. Regis- C. MoMahon- Smith $2; Gus Johnson $2; A. Corlan *1. Sandy Fraser $8. Roy Reid $7; Dance at Wimbe-rne, Alberta, (per Donald MaePherson) $15. Above, C. M. F. contributions received from 14th to 27th October, inclusive, total $35. PAGE SIX WESTERN CLARION Materialist Conception of History' FOR BEGINNERS la-sson 22. traffic so beneficial to the nation.-' He whs support- the Niger, and with other powerful tl AFRICAN CONTINENT ,(' ,,v t'1*' monarchy, the aristocracy, and the com- cm Nigeria. ' ' meieial world and eeelcsiastisism alike in Ihe de- The !•!•-.. ri..I Brilt-»l> Rut I-..I • ...in nun,! i „||.. , BY PETER T. LECKIE. ren** °* ■*• ****** ,-'-*,-<' ***** !'! Erectly benefited founded with ths result that rery aaaneiaily theretrom. the interior, right ap to th- great IN examining the great development of Capitalist *■«• eaUSSensus of opinion 0 that the sieve fared British surcronity. **% tl.. South • industrv from about the 70s and "80*8 wherein &*•* nuder Portuguese, the Danes, the Freneh, and conflict between the Boers and r Britain, France and Germany have carted out n"' -Nl»«niards. an.I worse maler the Mutch and the the the diseovery of diamond, for themselves spheres of influence in Africa for British. Thg Dutch and British, having accepted tbe gold, and the advent of CeeU Shod I arete the exploitation of African resources and native edoptlOU of tin* religion of capitalism which ih Pro to change the whole face Of affaira labor, to obtain raw materia! for thier home in- testanJsni-, had not the same reiigous serurdea ghost A third treai nowar Cnn-nv -»i dustries. I will first give an outline of Africa previews *'" '** SUem had figured tttMpieuoUslj m the p to this earving-out process. fo the Portuguese belongl the credit of making ing up of Africa, b*fOttght ahOttl I • ;■.•■ European trade on the West Coast and Arab >*■•' tost attempt to explore the COSsta of Africa QermattJ. Thin was Opposed I - ftii tk* trade on (he East Coast is many centuries old. It **l"'-.v in the 15th century, and to fade with the election of 1884, when liismnr- K • was from the West (oast. too. the bulk el the slaves natives in gold and spices, fin * effOHa, prosecuted *'• -Ionia I Party iu order t'« he rtiari were taken, inter-tribal wars being encouraged fa aoSae three ecntun-v resulted in the creation of stag, All Una StTUfgis aeof tht d\\\\ \\ by the slave traders, and the prisoners captured in numerous Portuguese settlements On the Weal and Oiled the diplomatic world of I. the course of time «ere bought and carried overseas. BS8t Coasts. Tht British and Others followed hard quarrels, whieh were fought h* I it is computed in American records that the npon the heels of the Portngueae m the attraction fan by the comMing reliifimir.\\. *.;.'. ' British were responsible in the twenty years. 1630- ©f profits from g dd and apiees with the birth of the red with native blood owing t< I 1100 for importing 100,000 Africans into the West Slave trade. contrmporaueou-dy with much aeslous thc Preach Partv MMinosed of I Indies and the mainland. miwioimry work. Ka.h* the Treaty teet Ihe interests of her Indian Empire again* the Aviation ths king had found-d | of Utrecht 1713. French. The desire to occupr Egypt waa al*o in. all *!,»„« the bank, af the Cong This monopoly was conferred bv the British Gov- BUcneed becsuse of British inter.*** In ,uA,» ... -,„„f„ ,; , , ,, , r ■-mm imii.mi mi- **.* m imiia. •expre-wme t»rr*fuuitd shhorrenee •• * i| » eminent upon the South Sea Com pan v. The exeat scramble of Furor..- <. \\* ». - ;. »t i it . i i > , i j 1 . ' . a" H OI r«urop. ^n j ue.*-*- to At* half ea*le> Arab slave trader*, wb -.-.had The extension of the slave trade was regarded rtCS started in the BCVentk-i he-r-j-tmsM* ,.f Am -—---«- i * , * . . ,, .,,.,„,. h ■ **-mtttHi***m-s o- ... , , . ,,,.,.. . ^. * W'H\"""" •■ »<*««iMutTs and raw material, tial tsnffn bv which trance oppo extended its onormoua forces torlaal aehi*Mre«-sots of her exploren Pwisj* imported by the British alone into British, French of production in Kiu-h.i.,1 lv,,., „ -• ..-,., , . i. , u • . . , . , „ ' rouuiun" ,"1 wiiriaiiil. hranep, t.crmaiiy and the had elaumd it for eeulune-.. and i- f fYeael and BpaniBBl Ainsriean colonies; one quarter of a Eastern portion of tkm !*,.;» i «,„. / » * ■ ,. . - i. . „■ il. ;„• ,- , « J / ' n " M Um ' »'•*•« Mates of America. ambiUons Portugal wa* supported b) A million died on the vovage. After Ilia ***nm-\\m nr u*i .-. i . • . •*•« •**>? ********* r«*»Z tfifa-Li7as -i v i i - . n ♦• l ! Um' n,,,!*'llt J»ll,»s{n«l wav «boU-*h European ,H.«em had not Between lC**ui-l,r56 slaves imported into British- petition broke onl soon* Hem w*kla** -.. • 4 , - . , .... miHuig mem, woteti at limes re- guese aovereiffnitv nun- reeoartiued American colonies numbered two million and one dueed prices below the ro-t *r -.e, i.. . , a a a , ,■ . " u-i«i*rt ,n* co***i ot pHMiuctloH which Airrccd riot lo (M-riinv tht* terntorv «r Hn»»«" hundred and thirlv thousand (2,1-iO/iOO) endetl ha tariff *•** t r . .- .. oaneii noi io mcupj mis nrruorj. 171fi 17*io «„ mZ***\\m\\Z Z «k«W^ l . ,,m,t "* r0IUlM,tl""» •« f'""* refund to rCOOfniSS PoHUgSl's claw,, i g *» imnort!;I nt tl vT T " ^ "T'r Sr!^ ^ "^ "iarkH" *"*»»** ***** <* U^U Government initiate,, nego,,,. B r88 B ported mto the Aaaersesa colonies, or a total of 1 Tl:^France 1881, an,, ^ ,, a A> M,.Kml,.v tariff ^^^ ^ ^ ™£ ^ „„ '.;.,. ;r., , , *-.«*-., ° W' UrUr* niH bdi* •Neeasfnl in staring r>anea cavs one of har sxplorers power to mste The *****} .„™-™ of ttw variou. eountri™ proved -» n,,.,.,, ,„ 20 ,.„„• tim„ lhat tll, ,r.ull. ,,f \\„ ^MorlutMM. Q ,„„„, ,-, «* ' By the British 3M0O |££ '\"""<' \"""i\""" " \""""" "^ "'"n "'*• li"'""1 " ""r' "' j,,i"1 "•"' 0W " " ' Z By the Portugese 10000 Belw.e,, Iwy,-. ibh ., . ***** n,,,">""'1 **********) '"',' - '"" n '' ^ Bvth. Dnteh aZ „ "•>' 1 *•• 1W-tin- emu-ration from Britain, Itkm from O-nwajr, &*m*nk WM now in the h»* Bv the Pr«.eh *lm*\\ ."T'' ",r"'- R'""i" ""' ""'•v **- "'\"""""f "f "•- "'■""»» OAoU*. The der— mettto* Bv the Danes oT, *"" ***T, B"v\""""-""'I \"""»>»» to top .hi, mov nn afraid the Am-l».P.-rt,„-.,.-»e . „nv nl »"' The nei-vturn to' 1 iven,'o„l i„ ,.;/'r r ""* p0p"^"" "'"W ••"•' •*» ««« 'h.y koum ** h.,rt their trade. Th- Wnermann l.inv hid "-'»' , ine nei return io raverpool m the eleven (in- vious of.the colonud ..*.,<-„..•,.., „r -.t. - . . . . . . . >i iir")'1 d»iv.) yeara from W83-1T98 amonnted to £12.294, The-^f re d i T " , i'T "' ■ * \"""""• "'"' '"'"" m. '" ""' r' W U« 116. Liverpool monopolized five eiRhu of the Bri . pe.pIe a. d m... fa r , " "'.T '"* ** "T™* "' «""'"'w'''r- '*"'' ' f "<,|U0,I S tab .lave trade and three-aeventh, of tie Md .lave emmenta ttj " a. *L\\?£%££ T» u "2T ''''"' ,r"'fi" '" \""""'i"" V'^ , „. trad, .f the worid. Ther. waa the donble profit of their P,,»eJ,„ M^. 7 1 " r T A" ""T""'' '\""" " ,0"" "' \""""^ '""' Z ve» filing U.e artiele. of Britiah m.nnfaetnre largelv confined TLttoTtoiZ rlT, I '" Par' '" ***^ ,W* ?"* ""'" "'"" ,)"r'\""" eotton irood^ di.po«d of i„ Afri« for 2 .Uvea'' whieh were ZZ\\„2 < * " w""',' 'm">"y' "''* m'V""< '"' *** r"li,>"' p«|jl and the profit from the -te of the ...v-a „ eoaH 7 IT , tlthS T".' '"" I "'"" *W '"" i\"""" ww"!.dreeM . u «- ... IUI' i>ruiKii HtatCKinen, nlarmed at vent on be.inisi- nt... *rno,*m the treaty ^»s '"' U, Amenc*. ********* ***"•****-J**l*r P™; the pr.gre»s of the Pom* on Uie We.t Co..,. ,„,k ,a w, " ,, Kr' ..,.,,d Ger '•'" by the Coloniata of tne iMorui \\*aa ignored. while there wss yet time A charter-w-h« tr--..r.r..i «-. i». , , . , > ,i thii treaty- • * rx -j. ..*k ***** Q-ei-^t,«- «r c.„»» /^ .u^ #i tnani.r wan granted or Britain announced she hai abandoned uu Lord Dartmouth, the Secretary of State for the conferred upon a body of mcrehanta who .„ui»-. i -**.,. « # n i ... whicii Britain, « . • • -i-r-rr ,i....i..--«J • '-w* «ftnimr .ii/a™ ♦*,« 4i.^*- #.i ». niinnauis mho, under I.ntsr on a conference was called at win"' Colonies in 1775 dclsred. *e cannot allow the the name of the Royal Niger Company made treat- Belgium Holland Portuga' Spain, th. • 's A eolonies to check or to discourage m any degree a tea with hundreds of potentate* along the bankn of 8* k uniinn oi (Continued on page >4*1 WESTERN CLARION PAGE SEVEN The Psychology of Marxian Socialism Hy H. RAMIM I Til* LrrOR 8 NOTE.- The tollowlnR article forum ihe main Uatu intr*xl">rtor* elUflae to llook I. of a asrsH st LbooSi tt* * In oourss ot* preimration oo thi- sobjen * , ... ready- 81 M>. With a t'r«-fa.e b) W \\ '.'. , copasa, pales M root*, in ton- <,i ... ... stall osst i» rapininod kf i sawsdS ""tanas -., <■ : ibat Basaetal straiu Hav-* porwittod t*M . tarn h»m« -h-*in--y, a , -ur of » So-ial 1st laictttlcat/rr sli 11 mt\\ tad laUflBtlag addition to our sladi-M 7 v: . School of Boeialism considers a*- valid S principle** govcniin;: -e .,..', - ben- orn iad ex] Isnsl ry there..f. ■ ■ ■' thia work ii. to substantiate th |n les in aueh a manner that, la tl » . > the physical t*\\ !«• -.f the |if< r.:.. I 10 ;«-ty nt well a* it* pej ibolog ta *bnll be treated sscompl loea v they are naturally found to exist, the Marxian vie* of the aortal pro In rail" em rchonsiva. If mm looks at the east amount of litersfon hn*n Boeisltsm, *n< h a*» the earbr-r and elan r*rk» of atsrx, Ettgess, Lafargue, Lenriola, and " aa ••• Dtctsgen, K-iuuky, B»x. etc-, one is k • ' • ■ Socialist Philosophy as well as the F " >"■« in lint Movement efficiently dn pntd A le* capitalist aiwdogints engaged in teacl ,v'" ■*' Psychology in the public arhooU ai 8stmatif« I v written some work* on Social Psj ' "■" 11 is bias intrude* bto these works ■ i writera' ii tereats in capitals*! and ■ [< - astiesl J8saanoi >.-,! insthutiona thai, for the work f** " STf neither to their purpose nor in the pro ''""'' r inti re*t*. lea dealing with tlie psychologies) as- "•**■*■ ■■■' S ;-,;•„ bttve not been presented beretofore eorkern and general reading public in aueh * ***** 0 would illuminate the soeisl problem on it* rntw nd# ;>n.i be of practical utility in lurtha | a ama] adjustments urged from the working ciasi peal ftief n lot tin.,- „f Marx and Bngels, Psychology wss Iu!! ! l !,ranrb of philosophy and hsd no f* stub!, of its own. ., ' f": osfanea, Bngeht1 classic polemic I" "'•■ing. slresdy referred to. He therein reviews I * wei philosophers, anaxgoru and&emocritusj I P ■•' ahilosopbera, Baeon. Bobboa, tiecke and Homi !^'!t Kmhim of the (Jeruuins. Kant. Hegel 81 I *******, IS these were recogni-cl as advanced phil [•wxal thst time. •vsbol ■ ■■> at „ot referred to in those works ;»** "f P^portsnee, ns it then itood nn a branch of phil* PW dealing with the subjectivity of mind bj In •Peetion, or objectively concerned with phrenol- wtbamne Tl n ^» Science or Psychology is regarded today aa s ■^ w,,1|il» subjects the states of human conscious a 'tfs" "all.- |»0!|viti,.s "•>in«l and all. their correlate human-life ,., c»Ued behavior, to qualitative and qusnti « MialysU, experimentation, research and general J0*-, just nn any other science proceeds to deal with *«* Pbenomena; j, considerable amount of experimentation on dtl cell,"]' f°nn*1 uf WftnJte life f**01" t,,,, »imPlfl nni" ^*0 amoeba to the more complex forms, such as «a*hr. , h)^'[H- ****** ****, ***% &*m% raonkeys, etc., J l0o'i made in order to find out the simplest types of jTWehological trait* correlated to their behavior, Iiavo'l'' ">niV i,l,or,,H<»»g olmervations and experiments ^ |J«i made mi the infants of the human specie^ for Purpose of discovering what continuity can be de- finitely ssUUUed between animal and human life ' nM"/n he Dmi^y or difference of psychological dements w these forms of life. it; ^e time an infant becomes an adult il is found '•' °««ch of iU experience U forgotten or eUmin- : ■:■ selection nnd otherwise so segregated into a ground "f \""",;'l content that the adult will not, reeogniae or ordinarily re -all into eonseioua. '• of his own mind, owing to its conflicts with ' ' established consciousness standard and '■ " " Book vm. abnorms] Psychology.) An adult often does nol know part-; of his own thei fore, himself, owing to the peculiar ' ' ' -,! method of the mind mentioned in last psrsgrsph A itudy of child paychology is. therefore, of no leas, if not of greater, importance than a study, ■ f adult paychology. A bn ocfa of Psychology called Abnormal Psychology : benomens of unconscious or subconscious, i • ■ • n and displacement of mind parts, subnormal ■ minded, and the so-called geniuses, to sup- ply ' IstS of psychology. data of psychology gsthered from I life, child life, abnormal individ- ■. em ititutc an insignificant num- • r ■ •-, . and the normal adult person as a social :' the groups snd races, is now fairly sufii- cienl . - orgai I as can be applied with benefit I ems of Sociology. T: • | .- | ' _•;. of mind or eons -iousness as cor- relsl 11 the bfe of human aociety is no more an un- detei • ■ • speculation, but a fairly determin ed, • r ' la nee, and of practical utility to life, lagn i the sciei as of astronomy, chemistry, mechanics, pbysicJ and the useful arts. Marxian school has reduced social science to ... •'. . :' m ; in ental laws and principles, thus simplify- . g •■ •■' |i >. >ial problem' the controversial element In ing reduei d to a negligible minimum. There are v,? .•• • ... variety of •'socialisms" like "Christian l* '• "Democratic Sociali>m." " Laborism," I other ut pian types, products of social interests. Ti-.- thinkers of the working class today however. -reement ss to the fundamentals, such as arc iu The Law of Surplus Value, The Theory of Value, The Economic or Matcria'ist Interpretation of History, .;•;■; of social evolution through class v... • , •,•..•.. eventually, the working class, by Lgses through their numerical strength .. g I, e, would usher in a new Social order: The < ,i operative Commonwealth. ]i, Socialist Movement lays emphasis upon the Bjuilt-j of developing cbiss-consciousness amongst the world's workers snd an intelligence in the social -},.., as conditions on their mental side along with failing economic conditions which the eontra- r,tof thi fspitalist system of production and dia- . ,„; ojt fast generating, in order that a desirable , ■ | onatruction can bc accomplished. We hsve mov the psychologiesl data on human be- ;,v,„. -md eonsciouaness, together with the methods ,,;;, procM8es of intelligence in the human spee.es, ;v,.vh PompriseS S v-rv large percentage of producers workingn-en and women) and a very small proper- ud Qn80f,iai, owning and exploiting group. Tll, physical conditions, the economic situations, , he phangM in the means, instruments and methods of production directly affect the status quo of the weU b,ing and standard of Uving of the members of society. u tbe time of writing society is in the midst of a . nomifl (,.isis involving the non-employment of j,,,, of worker, and a keen struggle is to before m*tlZe working classes to majntam thmr standards of .. ,, „,.. in ieopardy through falling wages. !-™«7h;fCVe JkingSay, and by the "onen-shop" lD°r , the employing classes, evidencing a given 1:1 '■ .1,. behavior of members of the social change m "" ,tM mt^th i Purpose of this work to investigate tlie re- .Jl^.dsoUd eonditions nnd the behavior of the. members of society, and reduce these relationships to general principles and laws. The mode of reasoning and enquiry followed in this work is what is called Dialectics in contrast with the modes or reasoning found in metaphysics and formal logic. The Dialectic is now recognized as the most accurate mode of investigating social and material history, principles of which are the following:— (T Dialectics take into account the positive fact that there is an unceasing change in everything: nothing is, everything is becoming. (2) When two necessary conditions of an object appear to be contradictory to each other, and if a synthetic view by taking them together reconciles the contradictions, the problem may be taken as solved. Thus a Thesis and an Antithesis may become a unity by a Synthesis of the two views. As an illustration we may take the story of the two knights who fought over a shield made of gold on the one side and of silver on the other side, one holding it was made of gold and the oth'-r asserting that it was made of silver, each knight looking only at one side of the shield. (3) Dialectics does not say yea yea, nay nay; it collects all data and then proceeds to treat it genetically, through all its relationships, into a whole view. Fngels has devoted a whole chapter to Dialectics in his book "Socialism Utopian and Scientific" (pp 76- rear-oning in contrast with the defects of the metaphysical mode in a sentence (page 80) which I quote here- "the metaphysical mode of thought . . becomes one sided, restricted, abstract*—lost in abstract contradictions. In the contemplation of the individual things, it forgets the connections between them. In contemplation of tbejr existence, it forgets the beginning and the end of that existence; of their repose, it forgets their motion. It cannot see the wood for the trees." A drop of water is at one time hydrogen and oxygen gases, at another, time it is a fluid, still another time it is solid (icei and it may exist as vapour. To understand it it must be viewed in all its relationships, and it is exactly the same with the problem of society. 16 Marx and Engels collected the data of history from the time of thc primitive communes to the date of their career, that is the state of capitalist development then extant. By applying the Dialectics to this data they were able to formulate the laws of human society as we find them in their written works and which the best of the economists and the socialists of today take into consideration when the problem of society is discussed. When the laws of the social conditions and human behavior are explained in Psychological terms under the guidance of the dialectical mode of analysis, the mental side of the social problem will have been described in as simple terms as the Marxian theories of the Law of Value, the Materialistic Interpretation of History and the Class struggle which are derived from the study of the life history of the social organism. It is intended to distribute the subject matter of this work into 8 hooks, so written that each can be studied separately. It will bc left to the discretion of the student to rend the books on the basis of the particular phase of the psychological aspect of Socialism he feels inclined to follow independently of the order here laid down. Book I. Introduction to the Psychology of Marxian Socialism. The principles of nerve energy and the human nervous system. the efficiency of the brain process is supposed to be. Neurones in this part are correlated to the states of consciousness, and therefore to the adaptive behavior of the organism. We repeat that the relationship of the nervous system with consciousness, behavior and general psychological phenomena is so intimate that one does not exist without the other as far as human knowledge is concerned. But this branch of study is very extensive and one must refer to the works specializing with the subject if one wants to study it in detail. All that was necessary here was to give a cyrsory but essential account of the principles of nerve energy and the nervous system. ?AGB EIGHT WESTERN CLARION Communism and Christianism Analyzed and contrasted from the Marxian and Darwinian points of view. By William Montgomery Brown, D.D- The writer, a Bishop of the Episcopal Church, smites supernatural- ism in religion and capitalism in politics. Comments: ''One of the most extraordinary and annihilating books I have ever read. It will shake the country." "I call it a sermon. The text is astounding:—Banish the gods from the sky and capitalism from the earth." "It came like a meteor across a dark sky and it held me tight." "Bishop Brown is the reincarnation of Thomas Paine and his book is the modern Age of Reason." "It will do a wonderful work in this the greatest crisis in all history." "A remarkable book by a remarkable man of intense interest to all." Published in October. 1920. Fiftieth thousand now ready, 233 pages, 2$ cents or six copies $1; postpaid (Canada 5 copies for $1). Send M. O. (United States rate). Thc Bradford-Brown Educational Co., Inc., Publishers. 102 South Union Street, Galion, Ohio or from SOCIALIST PARTY OF CANADA 401 Pender Street E., Vancouver, B. C. PLATFORM Socialist Party of Canada TV*, ths Socialist Party of Canada attlrm our all**- lanca to. and support of ths principles and procramrao of teba revolutionary workta-** olaaa. Labor, applied to natural rosoorcaa. products all wealth. Tha prosont •ooaacnte aysten lo based upon capitalist o-wnarship of tfc* meana of production, eonee- qoentJy. all the product* of labor belong to the capital- let otaen Tbe eapltailat la *ber*for«. maater; tbe vcrker a slam So long ae tbe capitalist elaas remain* In poeaeaaioa of tbe ralfaa of **»*rerncnent ail tb* powers of ts* Stat* will be need to protect and'defend it* property rifbt* ta tbe means of wealth production and R* control ef tbe product of labor. Tbe eepttalint myatam -rtvs* to th* capitaliat aa ever- swaUIn** stream ef proflt*. end to tbe worker, an e-rcr- laersasls*- m«a*ure of misery and daf-radation. The Uitcreat of the wort*da« elan* lie* la eettlaf Itaelf free from eapttaltat eiploMatfc-n by tbe abolition of the wage system, under which tt*** exploitation, at th* point ef production, la cloaked. To ecoompllah Chen aeaenslt- ate* the tre-asformeUon of sapstsJls; property la tbe matin* of wealth prodnetion Into aoclaUy controlled eeen- omie force*. Tbe trrecreaslhle conflict of intereat between th* enp- ItaUat and tbe worker nsccaaaiily expreseea Itaelf aa tt. struegle for political supremacy. Tht* I* th* Claaa Struma Therefor* w* eaU upon all worker* to organise nnder tarn banner of the Socialist Party of Canada, with th* object of ormquertn*- the poUttcnl power* for Ch* pur- of sorting op and enforcing* tbe econc-mic proof tbe worklnc class, aa follow*: 1—Tb* t-nsantfoi-nrntion. a* rapidly aa possible, of capitaliat property la the mean* of wealth production (natural resouroes, factor- tori**. mUla. railroads. *U.) Into ooileetive meana of production. I—The organisation and management ef lnauatry by tli* working da**. S—Th* estafallakmant. as epeedUy as possible, of preduotion for use Instead of production for proSL ECONOMIC CAUSES - OF WAR By PHV T. UOCB. VOW 1IADY. Prafaoe by tha author. XZt PAOB8. MATERIALIST CONCEPTION OF HISTORY. (Continued from l'ajre tit ^ were invited, and later Russ^-Austrta, Hungry, Italy, Tnrkov and Onnany. They agreed BO a "*••**■• rami Act of the Western African Conference." We were told tlie powers were to deal with hnmaiiilatv inn interests, nnd yet tho Qeneral Art itself had only two ont of 38 articles dealing .with hnmsnitar- i.misni Iji order t-* prevnt conflicts between Ru> ropean powers ii ^a.s agreed thsl nil marking of new territories must he preceded hy due nniifiVati'Ui to all the Towers. The Powers wish t«* prohibit the sale of*l>o;iz». ami firearms, hut t'-in Tade WM *** good a paying speculation f<>. them to create ma- ehinery to dVal with tin ir prohJhitioa f.Ynuan bOOCe traders prevented it in 1886 and an ed -o in ]<<'! to *:"7.00 of Pniisaesay (Dtatssas nu Woman IToder 8ecS*ltsai (n*-b«rti j-*: rn«l Of Ihe Wafts' iHHftb*) j*-- « o'-JHions of tho Wotkinn t U»» la J!*i*-;*r.: . \\m taasset*) }*** A l» C. of K*o?«lton fitr-.*****) |5 j- Booaomk t>itorsamiam tv&rcc) -*•?, <-+'*] *tv, %tt<\\ .Modern 8ctSaO< m; f"riH*|**» of I'olHiral stSSasSsy (Man) st TS RasOBSttSS *nd «'o*m!#r Renototio*-. (Msn) I! U rhti'*-oohiftMc«»oa (First Was »ftd "2r*-*2 !>*;!■>?• < ap!**l.~ toI I. *!»! M **«r»*n**<- and ltStSS*aC8an (r*-f*fm»n> . W Th# Milluat l»r*?"#t*r*«« fXewts) >* K-rolntlon * t'tmat mnjsst* rKaolaky) -. *« rmltaalsm (ttaitj) M Ti»# Worlds fa*»*tt»tuiHn« (Psmiaao* t*) Fihie* aad Hi*ior* (Ksataky) >* Uf» snd n»a(h 'Dr ■ T*l hm*nn> tt law of ?! otrnoftit (Moor*| W fk»-"taJ fliudl*»« ftAf-.rctii») r;*rw» of Jsllod tn Man's (II fl rrmoemt **" Papmr Covtr* I r* **t Twd T*tt*t on Hlftnrr (« BlSSlMsSSeS *rA 0 Pt" !«) at Tha rrlmlnsl roort Jods#. and The Odd "Tttel [I B Mai I *** f •-**• a y ommnn!*! MBoifwStO jjj Wsrr-t^ahor snd c'«i»Hal *•** Thr* Vr**e*\\\\ T.ex>*\\ovtiie S>s?«nt »Frof »' A B0B8H J* t-Uw'aH«m. rtoz>i»n aftd Bttemtttie ][' Kls-r* of th* farm Msnlfesto. S l» of r Krohttlon of Man fFrof Bol#rh#) f*a*jaoa ot llaUat In F-o-J (l-sf»nm*>» J^ Th* 8«nfr*«r* of Rorltl !ti*-*«l* fltorophrl*-* "," Shop Tall* on Eeonoml.** fMarcy) ]'" V»lu#. Frle* snd Frofl! (M»n» [J" Beonomle 'ans#s of Wsr fl^rklei ** The Frot*rtton of F^hor ln Pof!«! RumU iK-vp! ;t* CfrB War in Fran**a 'Msrti J^ Ktffhlaartb nmtnslm fMnrtl JJ rhrl-rtisnlim and rommnnUm 'n'«*.op W M Brown) m Ousf-tltv Pat a* on f>an«r Covartd PamoMri* Two Kasays oa RtStOCy : '" ./ rrlmlnsl Oestti J«dir-- *■ «**", I omreimlsl MsnlfMio M f°< ' '' , W«*«»-!ai-or and ranlisl ?' ror-*>« {J-J Frrwnt Feonomle Sriiem W "•;*" { ., Porlallnm. rtot-fan and 8el-»nfinr H *''<•■'•' •*» Slat* of th* Farm ?* r0',M J!^ Manlfeifn of « V ot C •' " :,!<>* [',., Fvolutlon of Man * •'•, "" J, IT Feasas of n**ll-»f In «od - -*1 «"• '" Jl'.", Valo*. Prfr* snd FroSt ?ost paid. from-J. Baaderaon. n.)i ITI*, Winnipeg MW- 8UB8CRIPTI0N FORM. (This is ss hsndv n wav ss nnv to send your iubl*1 Wsstem Clarion, 401 Pender 8teret East Vancouver, B. 0. Official organ of thc fl. R of C. Puhlished tsnee a month. fluheeriptionii: Cana