DSPACE7
Phil Lind Klondike Gold Rush collection
Dawson Daily News
Magazine issue of the Dawson Daily News, including articles on the economic and living conditions in the Yukon.
72 pages : photographs, advertisements
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~a s @] DAWSON w4 WHITE HoRSE ‘ SKAGW/E\:’ P )’73' S sp Mitest Ein medntt TUipiggs ; esd hy WW“‘V‘(‘!'SWH‘TW‘IV*-{ C Cmm mmenycrargpge foe .$ g{ 3 Cw dnmamnnsinicssrmnitit y f C O NT EN I S ‘\ I | Cover Design, Perey Shorbe — — — "Dawson," Poem, Robert W. Service s( u0e 5 — oi te — _ Frontispiec Scenes in the Yukon _ — _0 o— 4 Mining Possibilities in the Yukon Hon. Wm Fc;:zpleman e 1+ en d Yukon Constitution and Government, Alerander Henderson, K. C — 21 08 Law and Order in the Yukon, Major Z. T. Wood _ — Mslea ue s 4 Brief History of the Yukon, Clement B. Burns _— _ — ces o. 3 The Yukon as a Field for the Prospector, Guy 4. R. Lcwmgton Fas ce 8 Evolution of Mining Methods, 4. J. Beaudette _— _ — s s cong Opportunities of Yukon, Frank J. Nolan — — ues s/ 10 Liberality and Safety of Mining Laws in the Yukon, E. X. Gosselin _ — . —. M Mining Title in Yukon, C. E. Senkler, K.C., _ — _— wlb id Treatment and Marketing of Gold Dust, J. Stanley Long _— _ — . — _— 12 Mails of the Yukon, J. J. Harimain ‘— . . .‘ ; e o o riar n i 12 Encouragement of the Prospector, Alfred llzam[mon MtDy ~ > ~we 13 Health in the Yukon Territory, W. T. Barrett _ — e e —epe 13 ¥akon‘s Gold YVield $150,000,000, George F. Johnson — — = .= — 14 Transportation in Yukon, William Taylor _— _— it c eal ~ n 13 Scenic Wonders of the North, o — P ei.acl ce 10 British Columbia‘s Quartz Lesson to Yukon, Jo/hn Gr(mt se e t—~ oal] A Word About the Yukon People, Rev. A. G. Sinclair, D.D., —, — _— 18 Forestry and Coal Areas in the Yukon, D. D. Cairnes, B.Sc., M.B., __— _— 19 Goods Yukon ‘Territory Needs, J. T. Rosman .— =2 <~ — 49 is s 220 Land Titles Office, Napoleon Laliberte _ — _ — shor e a 2k oC Public Schools of Yukon Territory, A. CG. Bragg : — _ — =—~, — 20 Fire Protection in Dawson, James A. Lester» — — 0 —* s > y— 0 — N21 New Ways im the Rlondike — > — a— _ us Oy 5 o2 ~ ole /5 21 Flowers of the Yukon, Martha Munger Black _ — _= _= _= _— _=— _ _— 22 Copper and Silver Fields of the Yukon, Robert Lowe — — _— _—. _ — 23 Railway Building and Operation in Yukon, Eugene Uu)[)hy o sA K The Dawson Curling Club, Philip M. Ray mu 2. tus 00 e > 24 ¥ukon Sports and Pastimes, J. M. EBilbeck | e — = — % ‘—. — — 424 Stewart River District, A. It. H. Smith — — = = _ . a 090 =— 1225 Sonthern Vukon _P. /. Wkiie eV ce ahu. es se wiles en — 127. Game in the Yukon, Jack Lee se le se t e t Te eplone e k es (+ io Outlying Creeks Tributary to Dawson, Arnold F. George * * — uces < 2g0 Yukon‘s Great Amusement Place y l ie 2 y 62 Aerial Tramways, C. W. Stancliffe stt l o o ut eutaled6 Dredging on the Afewart River — °— — 1 L 2 20 L. o. . 38 The Dublin Hydraulies s e s e e en se ie 2 t es Timber in the Yukon, Gus Johnscen sndialla . esn n e e o Quartz in the Territory, Frank Lowe 2 ea velule . clanee mecole o. 94 Klondike‘s Big Ditch uons e s es s e sls o s " s 88 Northern Coal Fields, Captain C. E. Miller ie io e Furs in the Yukon, J. .S. Barron e enc cevilh i ts ooo ce on + 4 Sixtymile District, Arnold F. George —o — e se o 59 Agriculture and Horticulture in the Yukon, W. .,S. Paddoc/e S t aa~ —. 60 How to Outfit for Prospecting, Robert Henderson t .. . cS ol Oldest Klondike Placer Creeks, Dr. G. M. Faulkner iss s we4 — . 0Z Beneficent Government, Ofto F. Kastner — fans en (eauke . — 6:1 Yukon‘s Bright Future, Greer I. C. Barton stt alaies ty vescnccn—, i94 Churches of the Yukon — iscc — 3 Power in Yukon, W. J. Rutdc‘l[ se . eallye $y t Roads in the Yukon > 3 : 0t 5o PC Glorious Climate of the Yul\on llo;ucc Ucl\a_y e ie : iss 69 "Go North," T. 4. Rickard . ‘ i t s oX The List of Dredges Within 75 \I1lcs of Dd\vson uf > : oc i Poultry Industry in the Yukon, William J. Anstett se j [ y 3urton Holmes on the Yukon fas es s 3 i. t3 Klondike DlSCOVCIy 2 A 2 s 2 > § C > f g & i 09 Scientists on Yukon Paoae s §+: OA . o tgt" Developing the North, Chas. R. Scchmzc; e 2t Pyal on Z(l) ts e oo e 9 lawson Daily News _ DAWSON YUKON TERRITORY JULY 21, 1909 DAWSON CITY, YUKON TERRITORY, [ Dawson | (Written Specially for the Dawson News.) 1 (By ROBERT W. SERVICE, Author of Songs of a Sourdough and Ballads of a i Cheechaco.) | § f | DMM the heart of the Frozsen Twilight the strong land spake There on the flat by the Yukon, ringed by inviolate snows, her sons: Care—free and comely to look on, gold—born the city arose, ir are my valleys silent—seck them, ye fearless ones; ___City of homes and hearth—fires the heart of the Northman knows. \, oh men of my measure! Richly the treasure runs." He spends of the valley‘s treasure in all the ports o‘ the sea; Far in the chase of pleasure he ranges eager and free: »swith on—rush and rally flooded the human wave. Yep . C ooals, j et—aye to the Gold—born City the love is h y—a—one was weakling; fiercely they took and gave. 4 y the love of his heart must be. i up river and valley streamed the host of the brave; 1d they the creeks asunder, routed hardship and pain; City the sun rejoices, skies of midnight aglow, t down—laden with plunder, weary from stress and strain, Babble of childish voices, gardens where poppies blow, to death of the battle, came into camp again. Cabins with curtained windows, snugly nestling low. Yea, though the stress be over, the Land hath its treasure still. Dream of it, world—wide rover, the old town under the hill; Blue at its feet the river, skies opalescent above, Homes and gardens and children, peace and plenty and love, Jj 4 { ‘auya wmosmbq t HFxtanmorm _ »movo awoH J setsmormnns nmovq TZWOH /Apok uc . — A i3 & *NOsM q SHL NOA exdtg o3 w#o»A A DAWSON DAILY NE W S. Mining Possibilities in the Yukon By HON. WM. TEMPLEMAN, Minister of Mines A\ a result of his exploration in the Canadian Yukon Dr. George: Dawson, late director of the Gc0—~ 10'ru al Survey, was able in 1888 to: state that "when means of access are: improved important bar—mining . will. take place along all these main rivers. and there is every reason to dntlupdtt that the result of the examination in detail of the smaller streams will be: found and worked quartz mining will doubtless follow and the prospects for the utilization of this great mining: field in the near future appear to be very pl()llll\lllg. It is not likely that i eat inland country will long gable lake and river waters, and when. this is afforded there is every reason. to believe that it will support a con— siderable mining population." Daw— son‘s optimism has been fully justified, his predictions are in la part al— ready realized or about to be fulfllled *Fransportation has been provided, owns have sprung up, a large mining population has been supported, and more than $125,000,000 in gold has been produced. The "examination in letail" is still in progress and while new creeks are being staked each sea— son rich auriferous alluviums_ still await discovery. On the older creeks lhc individual miner is being replaced by the large company with its hy(lraulu and dredg— ing plants, so that a continued large production of pldgu‘ gol(l may be ex— pected ny year me ‘Quartz mmmg lns alrea(ly commene— , is growing rapidly and it is b lieved that a great future lies in store for this class of mining in the Yukon. Shipments have been made from the ‘Whitehorse copper deposits to Pa— cific coast smelters, and these deposits will probably in the near future sup— port a local copper smelter. opper ores appear to be widespread. — Valu— ~ o able gold and silver properties are also being developed on Windy Arm, on the Watson and Wheaton rivers, and elsewhere in the district optimism regarding its future rests on firmer gr ound, and men with less pro— phetic vision can now foresee for this dlstrl(.l dn era of broad and success— Large areas of lignite, and anthracite coals have been found in different parts of the Yukon, and coal is now being produced. The climatic conditions especially in the Southern Y¥ukon have been found to be adapted not only to mining of all kinds but to agriculture and stock raising as well. Wichout being fed, horses generally winter safely in the valle The vegetation of the Nor— dcnsklold valley has been found to be very similar to the highly favored Ed— monton and Prince Albert districts. With present knowledge concerning the conditions in the Yukon and with the demonstrations of its wealth of resources furnished by the last de— cade‘s development mot only in the fabulously rich Klondike but through— out the Yukon country, Dr. Dawson‘s lost of transporta— tion still ]12[1]1])0!‘5 the rapid progress of mining but I look forward to im— provements in this respect in the near future. With this accomplished a stimulus will be given to the m(lustry that will result in increased activity in the creeks and substantial advances in lode mining for which the Yukon offers a wide field The spirit which met the fancied terrors of what was thought be sub—Arctic waste and transformed it into one of the foremost mining camps of the Dominion may be counted upon to carry forward the complete develop— ment of its natural resources. In this great work the Yukon may count on my interest and support and that of the Department which I have the hon— or to represent Yukon Constitution and Government ; ALEXANDER HENDERSON, K. C Commussioner of Yukon Territory By ¢ |e —t~ HE Yukon Territory act, passed — district and shall possess all the pow— commis.sioncl.‘ directs. . with respect to (a) the distribution by the parliament of Canada, ers and authority of a mining inspec— Provision is made l_'or the appoint— of water; (b) _h('mnd:u‘ics of claims; proj ides for the appointment of a — tor, who shall also have jurisdiction ment of boards of arbitrators to sc.ttlc (c) dumpnw privileges, z.m.d_(d) over— chief executive officer to be styled and within such mining districts as the disputes between owners of claims flow ater upon adjoining prop— known as the commissioner of the erty. ‘The board of arbitrators is ap— M Territory. n administrator pointed as follows: One arbitrator ilso be appointed to execute t to be dppomtul by each of such own— ind functions ie commis— ers, and }n the event of the total er during his absence or illness or nu.m])cr of arbitrators so appointed 1 The commissioner being an even number, then an ad— inability. shall zulminister the government un— instructions from time to time en him by the governor general of n\d(l in council or the minister of interior. Nhe Yukon Council is composed of members elected to represent the toral districts in the territory, of ich there are five, and two members clected for each district. Any per— i who is qualified to vote is eligible r election as a memver of the coun— All natural born or naturi alized itish subjects or the 1 age of .21 years and who resided in the territory twelve months prior to the of the election shall be entitled Immcxl) the commissioner sat as speaker of the council, but a ‘cent amendment provides that the uncil shall sit separately from the mmissioner and shall elect a speak— f bills passed by the council shall be presented to the commissioner — his assent and he may approve or of any of such bills or re— for thg assent of the gov— \‘. the d have date to vote. m«xppun serve them ernor in council. f council shall continue for y from the date of re— turn of the writs for the 'rc"crfl],de.é_ tion, but the commissioner may (]1.\—\ solve the council and cause a new one to he elec ired. ~The council shall be convened at least one the first session thereof. member of the council Every iree ears <l”\ F l nity to each (\];11]1]11 not exceed $600.00. y ‘The cmmmssmmr may divide 1or change the boundaries ’01 mmllnlg (1;.: tricts by proclamation. The golc Lﬁwn shall have jurisdiction with— istricts as the com— Mining recorders cach mining ]H\\\Ulltl in such mining d missioner directs. shall be appointed in Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of Yukon, to be selected and appointed by all of such arbitrators .lp])omlc(l by the owners. In the event of the arbitrators appointed by the owners being an even number and being unable to agree upon the addi— tional arbitrator, the gold.commis— sioner, upon being requested so to do by such arbitrators, or by any one of the interested owners, shall appoint the additional arbitrator. The judg— ment of the board shail be final as to facts, but may be appealed from to lunmri'l] court on any question ditional arbitrator °C h<- supreme court of record is the territorial —court, _ which presided over by a senior judge and two other judges. It has appellate, civil and criminal jurisdiction. _ ‘The territorial court en _ bane has appellate jurisdic— tion in appeals from the judgment of a police magistrate given under sec— tion 785 of the Criminal Code, 1892. In relation to mining (!l\])lllc\ an ap— peal lies from the decision .of the territorial court en bane to. the su— preme court of Canada.. For the pur— poses of Part LIL, criminal code and amendments, an (l])])(‘ll lies from the judgment of the territorial court to the supreme court of Canada, unless the judges of the territorial court are L\ unanimous, when there shall be no appea The commissioner, —members — of council and judges of the territorial court, and every commissioned officer of the Royal North West Mounted Police, may exercise in the Yukon ‘Territory all the powers of one or two justices of the peace, under any laws or ordinances, civil or criminal, in the territory. All persons possess— ing the powers of two justices of the peace may act as coroners. DAWSON DAILY NEW S. LAW AND ORDER IN THE YUKO By MAJOR Z. T. WOOD, Assistant Commissioner of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police of Canada, in charge of Yukon Force HE enforcement of law and or— der in the Yukon is in the hands of the Royal North West Mounted a semi—military organization strength by drafts from the head— poin the States boundary below Fortym An ass1stant commis— sioner, commanding the whole Yukon force, is stationed — at Daw and is answerable for law enforcement eral detachments con— sisting of one or more »non— commlsswned offi— cers or constables sta— tioned at the centers of popu]'mon in the outly— ing dlistricts ‘H" di— v1s1on has now five de— in the \’Vhltehorse d istrict, namely, r o S S, ampagne _ Landing, Livingst reek, Fortymile Stewart River. non—commissioned officer or powers of two justices penitentiaries and common jails, and members the force perform the duties of wardens, jailers and guards. They are also charged with the .care of the insane from the time of arrest until sent to the asylum at New West— minster, or cured In former years the duties of mem— bers of the force were so numerous that a large number of men were re— quired. In addition to acting as peace officers the police customs officers and tele— graph line repairers. Of late extrane— ous work has been gradually stopped as the force has been reduced in num— bers. ‘The members of only two de— tachments now act as agents to the mining recorder, and ‘only one acts as customs outpost. All persons leaving the territory, either via Fortymile or Whitehorse, are searched by the police for gold on which royalty has not been paid. immigration officers at both ports of entry are assisted in their efforts to keep undesirables out of the territory. A register is kept of all boats and o scows leaving Whitehorse for Daw— son, and the names of the occupants. Copies are forwarded the police in Dawson, who check up the arrivals as ments, to outlying districts, and the whole territory policed as far as pos— sible with the few men rem"unmg Fort Macphcrson, on the Peel river, is visited by one of the patrols every winter. _ The trlp takes about thirty days each way, with dog teams, over a trackless stretch of country. h headwaters of the Pelly, Stewart and Hootalinqua are visited in summer by steamer and canoes One of the chief duties of the police Hootchikuv Police Station. each boat rcachcs its destination. ‘This register has bee great service in keeping track of suspects, and in pre— venting crime on the long stretch of river between Whitehorse and Daw— mL. i at Patrols are made from Dawson and Whitehorse, and also from detach— is to stop thc sale or bartering of liquor to Indians, to provide medica attendance and medicines to the sick and food for the destitute. ‘The na— tives, as a rule, give no trouble e)\cept in the vicinity of towns. If at all pos— sible to procure liquor they will (]0 so. Crime never has been prevalent in onl ai iesd civast es 1i 1:3ins i the Yukon. When the first detach— ment of pollce arrlved in 1894, and Fortymile, they found the population, though far from civilization, law abiding, and the principal duties of the force were to collect the revenue. At that time the strength numbered twenty of all ranks. In 1897, shortly after the dis— covery of gold on Bonanza, twenty more were added, and as the popula— tion increased in numbers so did the police, until in 1900 upwards of three hundred officers, non—commissioned officers and constables were stationed in the territory. ‘Today there are but seventy—five of all ranks, including specials. ‘The cost of keeping the lat— ter number in the Yukon is $112,500.00 per year. 5 hss e 4 Bell in Barracks Square, Dawson, As before stated, the population al— ways has been law abiding notwith— standing the heterogenous mixture of the multitude of gold seekers in the rush of 1897 and 1898. ‘There have been twelve murders committed in a period of thirteen years, all the murderers being convicted and fore the day set for his execution In the early days, 1897 _ to 1901 lic places, and dance halls erenumerous, in fact it was typical of mining world over except that . ly but surcly the char— acter the town changcd until today is as quiet, ordcrly an([ rcspcct 1 a place as the 1 dance halls no long exist and open gam— bling has ceased. We have had. re— markably few hold— ups and gun—pla s as. »8a for pedestrians at all hours as those of Ottawa, Montreal or ‘Toronto. As for the alleged immorality in the Yu— kon, of which so much has been heard outside. I have no hesitation in stat— ing that the people here are as moral as those of any city, town or province in Canada, eemeneeemeeameeenee esns n el enc w dn on o B ce i ce ons c a e ce c C T 0 0 en m n c 2 d Nee 0 ace o on e o cce n oo re en o o e nee on eelime es en eveiee Sm n e mdns o eneve e e e e es ues d eoce eeel Sole t e en es e eenene olE n o Sn menena fensureren ooo 0o | C DAWSON bAfLY¥ NBWS Brief History of the Yukon By CLEMENT B. BURNS Territorial Secretary Y HF first record of any white man 1 visiting that portion of Canada now known as Yukon ‘Territory is that of Robert Campbell who went down the Yukon river in 1838. He was an employee of "The Ancient and Honorable Company of Adventurers i " now known as the "Hudson‘s Bay Com— pany," which was organized in Great Britain in 1698 and carried on its op— erations in the North and _ North— western portions of Canada, extending date on, various parties of white men visited the territory. ey were al— most invariably servants of the same compan In 1842 the Russians came in by the Lowcr Yukon and proceeded up as tar as the present Canadian border, establishing missions and trading po It was not until 1873 that any gold discoveries were made the terri— tory. Since that year a great num— ber of prospectors, in small groups, "Bob" Hendcrson > and singly, have operated to a greater or less extent in various parts of tlie. . Yukon. Some ascended the Stewart river, a tributary of the Y¥ukon enter= ing about 70 miles south of Dawson, and prospected the bars, with consid— erable success. _ ‘The most important camp was situated in the rty—mile country, in close proximity to the in— ternational boundary between Alaska and the Yukon. j In 1894 Robert Renderson pros— pected at the mouth of the Pelly river and got good values. He also in— terested several parties to go up t the present Hunker creek, which is a trib— river and world and caused the stampede to this country, which has been . un— history. Although this dis— honor of being Since Carmack‘s discovery, no ss than $125,000, 000 has been taken out of this country, in go Almost sxmult'mcously with the ad— vent of these early pioneers came the representatives of ]aw and order. T.]le North West Mounted Police were first sent in about 1893 to the Forty Mile country, chiefly to act as customs officers. Arter the discovery of 1896, when hordes of people came from every quarter of the globe, ad— ditional forces of police were brought in, together with a large number of ‘The police officers acted as magistrates, and a supreme court judge was transferred from the N North West Terr tories to try the more serious offences. In 1897 the fxrst commxssnoner ‘(or succeeded shortly afterwards by Wil— ia gilvie, a pioneer of the govern— ment survey. staff, who first visited the country in 1887, when he accom— p Dawson—after — whom named—on an ex— Mr. Ogilvie ap— Dawson City is ploration expedition. pointed an advisory staff, or council, of the chief officials of the govern— ment service. 1900 two electwe members of this council were granted to the people. ‘This number was in— creased to five in 1903, which, with five appomted members, gave the commissioner, who presided at the council, the controllmg power. How— ever, a great agitation had existed for many years for a wholly elective council and finally in 1908 the gov— ernment authorized this further con— cession. The first election under the new order of things takes place this summer. ‘This wholly elective coun— cil will hold office for three years. So far as federal representation is con— cerned, the territory also has been :S treated liberally. In 1902 the first r of parlxament for the Yukon the federal delegate from Alaska to Congress, has all the powers and privileges of the other members of the federal house. The judiciary of the terrltory orig— of British Columbia. In the year 1902 an appeal court of three judges was established to hear all appeals from the decision of a single judge.. Since this date all Judxcxal matters have pro— ceeded exactly as in the various pro— vinces of Canada. The Yukon As a Field for the Prospector By GUY A. R. LEWINGTON, Mining Engineer for the N. A. T. & T. Co. OUTSIDE, one frequently hears the statement that the Yukon is a country of immense difficulties. From the viewpoint of the prospector this is far from true. The idea re— sulted from the many hardshxps at— tending the opening up of the coun— try, at the time of che big rush over Chilcoot Pass in 1897. At that time the public press was filled with weird tales of privation, hardships and even death. Scarcely any of the dxf’flcultles ex— are scattered throughout the country. In short the prospector who. really ‘means business need no longer fear that he will not be able to reach any desired section, or that it will impossible for him to get. his outfit to his place of work. The troubles experienced by the early day prospector in overcoming the ‘conditions of a frozen country dical sto have also been dispelled, this has been brought about by the development of methods suitable to the economic working of the gold bearing gravels of the North. ‘These methods readily can be picked up by the prospector, and in a ver i self in possession taken many years, no end of hard work to develop. So with the difficulties of the first days disappearing, the prospector may 10w feel, that he can come and go, do his work and get results with no more lnrdslup than he would have to face in any mining locality situated where climatic conditions are supposed to be nearly perfect. ‘The Yukon Territory offers to the encrgetxc and intelligeut prospector a field of immense area, the possibilities of which can only be guessed at. Up to the present time we have been busy working our placers and have given little thought to the more per— manent and valuable mineral deposits that assuredly exist within our bor— ders. : It is safe to say that in years to come, many valuable quartz mines will be turning a stream of wealth of all southward, just as our placers have one in he ‘There could be no better txme for the intelligent prospector to North than right now. The fxeld is new and practically untouched. — His opportumtles are great, and there is developmg in the camp a healthy in— terest in quartz mining and all that goes wit The prospector who comes to this short time he finds him— , that it has much money, and ; country should be a man of ability etermination, for he will find many conditions that are foreign to him, his patience at first will be sorely tried, he may even be inclined ored title of "Sour D he will begin to see things differently— gradually he will get his bearings, and that confidence in himself and the country that is cssenml to the success of any undertaking. he Yukon needs this class of men gr ~ly for there is no doubt that intelligent prospectmg will develop many valu— able mines. Let the prospector come here and bring his family with him. He will find this country a pleasant place in which to live. He can send his chil— dren to as good schools here as can be found anywhere. He can have a home as comfortable as in any mining camp on earth. — He will find a gov— ernment ready to help and protect and a communlty anxious . to for ex— loratron, a country that today is re— cognized by some of our best engi— neers and financiers as a good place for investment It is hard to conceive of a country offering better inducements to the prospector of the right sort than the Yukon ‘Territory. White éasg Sumxrrit—Last kDyaya'-owa'{.lsh_—ih._’BS. DAWSON DAILY NEW S Evolution of By Yukon Mining Methods A. J. BEAUDETTE, Territorial Mining Engineer ENERALLY speaking, there is a greater fluc— tion of conditions in placer mining camps th'm in dlStrlCtS where other classes of mining are ried here are vcry discoveries in alluvxals m companaon I "in situ," zm(l the length of time between the former class of discoveries is so great that the methods employed have not had a chance to develop themsel\c in‘ the same propo ortion as th()se employcd in oth cr classes of mining which are a permanent nature. It lluc that valuable mform'ltlon is mvmnbly oht(nncd a re— 0 of gold from the alluvials by the methods of the present day, are compamtwely re— ent. With the exception of Siberia, the Yukon is the only territory where perpetually frozen grav_els have been encountered in placer (hggmgs ditions had not been encountered in any of the sec— ondary deposits, which had previously been dis— covered on this continent, and consequently from an economic standpoint the experiences of the past were of little avail. All the methods that have heen emp‘s territory to recover gold from the alluvmls are stxll During the initial stage of development in any 1oe(111ty the conditions are studied and each mcthod is improved upon from year to year until the tenor the gravels will Justnfy no further excavation m:mual labor. t this point that the methodi Placer Mmmg I\’lethods, und the — last as "The Gravel Mining Methods." he ordinary placer mining methods have, from the very beginning improved every year but it has not been possmlc, accordmg to the present scale of wages to reduce the cost lower than $2 per cubic Ir 1 some d:stnets the cost has been as high as $ per cubic yard but in the more developed ones, where transpodtation is easy and the condi— tions are most favorable, the minimum cost to re— move a cubic yard of material by manual labor is $2. ‘The mechanical methods have also 1mproved very much but as each method requires certain existing conditions, totally mdepen(lent of one another, the cost fluctuates ever CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODS. First—The first expeditions in the Yukon Terri— tory, commencing in the year 1837 and extending to the year 1884. _ Second—The first bar— dlggmgs operated on the Fortymile and Stewart rivers in the year 1884 and the first coarse gold found in 1886. Yukon prospectmg on the Mackenzie, the Peel, the Liard, the Yukon and its tributaries. Secon(l—the first bar—diggings were found in thc year 1885 on the Stewart river, and in the follo ng year Cassiar bar on the Lewes was dlSCOVCI‘Cd and actively worked the same summer. At this time the Alaska Commercial company was trading along t ie Yukon river, and with the discovery of gold the North American Transporta— tion and Tradmg comp(my also established posts on the river. h companies carried into the country the SuppllCS requlred y the dealt in fur tr'xde In‘ t was discovered on the Fortymile river, and it was estimated that durmg the following year 200 miners were working on the bars Stewart rivers. though many small miners, and streams were Bonanza creek was made. prospecting on Gold Bottom ml Q situated in the Klondike district, prior to 1896, but e found was not c z2 George Carmacks located a discovery claim on Rab— bit creek, now known as Bonanza creek, a tributary time. ground is being operatcd by large scale met at the prescut day, that it could uot h'ue been opemted by the same method in the carly days of the camp or by other methods of min— ing alruuly in use onditions, quality and extent of the gmund Avallal)le are the factors which (1L1Lrn’ll|l(_ the mc thod to be employ eneral a llseovcly will cmec a stdmpu]c with thc ultmmtc result that a 1 to the limit of profit that can bc r)bt.unul by nmmml 12 Th peration will Llst about five years and the rlmount of . gold remaining in such a small area will not Juenfy an expensive plant. The claim is then dcslgnuted as being in a tmnmlon sm;:,c” a od peculiar to all placer ntil an m(hvuludl or company acquire a &uffluult numbu of claims that have l‘Ld(,hC(l thl stage, to justify the plant, property of this nature must of necessity bc non—productive. On Line of Klondike Mines Railroad, 90B Bonanza. Third—The dlscovery of the Klondike gold fields on the 16th of August, 6. s h the discovery and open— ing up of every unexplored territory, the first ex— pedition into what is known as the Yukon was undertaken by private entcrprisc and for commercial purposes. ‘The Hudson‘s Bay company leased from Russia in 1837, the "coast strip" which now belongs to the United States—-conducled its operations from the coast stations at rangle:and Fort Simpson on the west 'md from 1ts trading posts on the Mac— kenzie on the Robert Campbell, an officer, of the company, entered the Liard and Fin— layson. rivers and three years later established a trading post at the Pelly banks. — Fort Selkirk w established by Campbell in 1848 at the conflueucc nd s Instead of prospecting, how— ever, Campbell seems to h'xve directed his energies to the prosecution of the fur trade, and up to this period there is practically no record of any prospect— ing having been carried o It was not until 1869 that “mmute specks of gold were reported to have been found by some of the cmployees of the com— pany on the gravel bars of the Yukon. Shortly after the discovery of the Cassiar gold fields and between 1873 and 1884, numerous small parties of prospectors made their way into the of the Klondlke river, at a point about ten miles from its mou H t once went to Fortymile Post, where the recording office was situated, to record his claim and mc1dentall out the a few months all Bonanza creek and its tributaries were staked from one end to the other. Following this discovery, during the same year and the follow— ing, all the neighboring creeks were located. however, until two years later that the hills and benches were located. CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLACERS. Creek Placers—Alluvial deposits situated in the beds of valleys of small SllCdnlS known as creeks or gulches, which seldom excee 0 feet in width. Hill Placers—Alluvial deposnts 51tuated levels and adjoining the creek place Bench — Placers—Alluvial dcposxts pl'ltctlu‘c and adjoining the hlllsxdc pla at high sntrmte(l on acers of gra \cls in the beds of erCl‘S wluch are cntxrely covered at high water but exposed a Creek Grawls——Detntus from a few feet to 125 the Fortymile and_ feet in thickness composed of moss frozen decom— posed vegetable matter a els. xt "§9 18 500 fect in mekness composed of a little silt and gravels. hills'fJnCh Placers—Detritus similar to those. on 1 ar Placers—Wast seldom exceeds a delgtllfdofgggvfels 2 $s CLASSIFICATION OF PLACERS AND THE METHODS OF WORKING THEM, AC— CORDING TO EVOLUTION. Bar Placers, Open Cu itting—Thawing with stones, lnulmg with whee barrow md rocking. awing )l‘:lth wood, hauling with wheelbarrow and rocking hawing unh wood, haulmg with wheelbarrow :md sluicing. round slu|cmg redgi Placers, e wood, mwmg wnth Drift ng—’l‘hawmg with hoisting with mdlass and rockin wood, l101stmg with windlass and sluic 113g with steam, hoisting with windlass 'md slu1c1 g ’Ilh'lwmOr with steam, hoisting with self—dumper sluicin reek ce Open . Cutting—Stripping by ground elulcmg. shoveling—in into sluices. _ Strip— ping muck by ground slulcmg, waste by steam scra per> sh elmcr into heelbarrows, hoisting with self— dumpcr Stri by groun(l sluicin# waste by horse scrapers, scm ng pay into sluices. Steam—shoveling with separate washmg plant. Steam— shoveling with \\ashmg nlant on the shovel,. Steam— showhnvr and dumping mto sluices. Dredging without th'n\mfr motive power steam. _ Dredging, thawing ahead \\1th stcam, motive power steam. Dred"mg tlm\\mg ahead with steam, motive power electrici ators, stripping by ground sluicing and hy (lrauhcmg in sump—hole. Hill Placers, Drifting—Thawing with wood, hoist— ing with windlass, rocking. hoisting with wmdl'lss sluicing. Tha\vmg wjth steam, hoisting with \\mdl'lss sluicing. awing with steam, hmstmg —with _ self—dumper, slulcmg *\(llt lg\el \\heelmﬂr to sluices Tacers, Open Cuttmg——Ground sluicing into sluices. round slulcmg overburden, shoveling—in. Hsdraulicing with gravity water. Hydraulicing with pumpul wate h Placers—The methods employed in bench and lnll pl'leers are the same. EVOLUTION OF THE METHODS. First—Bar Placers—As the discovery of gold in alluvial deposits is mostly made by prospectors or men of limited means it is ob vious that the first from shallow diggings. his was the case with the first operations conducted on the bars of the Forty— mile and Stewart rivers during the first years of min— ing in the Yukon Territor ‘The prospectors were from divers parts of the world in which alluy ial (lep051ts had been found and operated; such in California, British Columbia, Australia, Mexico and South America, but none of them had ever been confronted w1th the great stum— bling block known as "the ost." Many, no doubt, had seen frost before but it was in all cases only local and could be (.llS[)OSe(l of in the early spring of the year. In this territory the .frost reaches bed rock, no matter how deep, and it cannot be disposed olf unless the m}r]erburden is rc- d and the gravels expose t ler?x\lfcal means are applied to substltute the suns 35. As a rule bar—placers are covered at high water 'm(l nothmg can be done until the water recedes and gets low enough to permxt excavation. On the Stewart river the bars are above high water mark and it was possible to operate all through the year but as those situated on the Fortymile river are covered at high water nothmg was done during t Before the water became low initiative, therefo i 1. rhereby the matcrla cou :l llxcter lno iths. i this case the method employed to recover the gold from these bars was as fol— \\\n area of 50 feet square was cleared of i lt{'l the pick and shovel. pa 0 feet in lengtl eet in width was thawed at a time, being an to excavate de i le length of the. 20 width of e foot for the who 1 layer dry spruce wood was place {;Cnd’ theonf tahezslz for the whole width of 6 feet ang e green wood kep o s possxl})le alnd the ttm Ior i fined the heat within the area to be fhl;s:c(lron ’Ic‘lll:1 kindlings were placed in the mlddzlg of the wood pile for the whole length of 1the + feet for the purpose of conducting the fire t1roug1 the whole mass. e fire would continue to smfoulg- r 14 or 16 houlr)s and thaw to a dept bout 6.5 cubic yards. s in Ortihe material is thawed it is excavated thg the plck and shovel into a wheelbarrow arf]d pllaee on the shore of the river in the shap lebo 'tlc(lun'l]p ready to be washed when the water is liberate n — t poin sxtu'tted above t BAWSON DAILY NEW 8. many instances the material is washed at once it a rocker mste'l(l of sluices. ts on S tewart river where the bars are ere is no thawing required an during the summer manths. ‘The method employ— ed to work these bars was very original and serves some mention bein ade. ‘The first operations on these bars consisted of open—cut work, the material was excavated an yeyed by wheelbarrows.to the rocker, every load be— ing washed before another was excavated. y this method the output was so small that some means had to be devised to har o water could l)e obtamed under pressure and pumps were out 0 questlon the wa ter was elevated to the bar in the follow in A paddle wheel, of about 15 f et in dxameter, "to which was attached small tin cans at intervals of about eet around 1ts c1rcumferenee was set mto the current of the stre the wheel was nade to revolve the current these small cans would fill and empty themselves automatically into a trough or box connected with a hose high enough above the surface of the bar to give pressure his water was used to ground sluice the material into the sluices or to furnish enough water to sluice material which was excavated: and shoveled—in. he two operations above described first employed in thls territory. You will notice that 1 the st primitive SC'lle neither one requiring capital to emble to recov old. These operations went on for qulte a few years until coarse gold was found on some of the small streams tributaries of the Fortymile river It ap— pears that the miners stampeded these small streams and bar every year whlle creek (hgging came into prominence more and more until the year 1896, when the Klondike gold fields were dlscovered and bar digging operations became ex— tinct. _ The nnportance of these bars was not re— S is c / the frost was a distinct advantage becatuse there was neither seepage water to contend with nor had the miners to timbe er the rifts 1896, the methods employed to operate the alluvxals were the open—cut, ground sluic— ing and drifting; thawing was done with wood and the hoisting was done with the windlass. 11 the methods above mentioned were introduced in the Klondike mining district but as the conditions were somewhat different in respect to the depth of the ground, the gradient of the stream and the wa— ter supply only the drifting method was employed During the year 1897 steam thawin duced but as there was no iron ZlV'Ul’ll)le with whnch to make pipes, over 300 rifle els were used in— stead of pipes and actually employed for thawing the gravels. ith the introduction of steam the number and the scale of operations increased to such a degree that the windlass, which was the only hoisting ap— paratus at that tlme was entirely inadequate to hoist the quantity of dirt which, with a more suitable ap— paratus, it was found could be handled. _ ‘To meet these conditions cages were introduced but these were soon dlscarded as they required too much Amongst the many miners in the ter rxtory at that time some were acquainted with alluvial iron coal mining methods in connection self—dumping devises were used. . Some e were made with the to hoist the material, open—cut, into sluices. aratus was devised but the manner of tripping the bucket automatically required considerable thou his was finally accomplished and the flrSt self dumper, was manu— factured in Dawson in the year 1900 at the Mc— Donald iron works. About this time the thawing with wood was re— placed by steam and the hoisting with the wind— lass was replaced by the self—dumper. _ All these Drifting and Hoisting by Machinery. cognized until the year 1901 when the first dredge was installed on Bonanza creek. _ Many foresaw the possibilities of operating them with a dr dge and it was only a short time afterwar(ls that all the gold bearing streams were cov redging leas CREEK PLACERS It was not long after the discovery of bar gol that coarse gold was found in qome of the trxbutaries of the Fortymile river. s the records show it appears that the first coarse gold was found on a tributary known as Franklin creek entering the river at a point 80 miles from its mouth. As thls was the first coarse gold that had been found it was proposed to allow every man to locate a claim. _ As this stream was short, only 300 foot claims could be obtained, this scheme did not prove successful as the congcstlon of claims prevented each man from doing the work he wanted t the tailings from the oper’mon of one c]alm would mterfere with the operations of an adjoining claim and compelled each one to either drift or open—cut by ha \/Vlth the discovery of Franklin creek it encour— aged prospectors to look for other streams and it was not long afterwards that Davis, Miller and Glacier creeks were discovere Ground sluicing en—cutting were the methods in use at this time, but these methods could only be employed in shallow ground of not more than 10 or 12 feet in depth In many instances the ground was too deep to be profitably worked by the open—cut method and the gradient of the stream was too low to allow ground sluicing. was therefore necessary to remove the pay thhout dxsturbmg the overburden; this is known as the drifting method. t was contended that much trouble would be ex— perienced with the frost but it was soon found that improvements in thawing and hoisting were con— cou e done with the evolution of the method of dnftmg was therefore, considered. complete M DERN DRIFTING METHOD. I very interesting to the layman to know ho the prlmltwe methods of mining in this territory were conducted but it 1s equally interesting to the technical man how the modern methods of today are being conducted and for that reason I shall give two examples taken from actual operations; one when the wmdlass is employed to hoist and the other when the self—dumper is installed. Much mformatxon is necessary to determine if the ground in question should be drifted rather than It is necessary to know thickness of fine sand and barren material; and the condition of the b found to be less than 20 f in depth rock one should consider the '1dvlsab111ty of employ— ing the open—cut method. e is a large quan— tity of muck and barren material and i shallow drifting is cheaper than any method w by the overburden is rem iis information is g'\the ed by prospecting; either by sinking shafts drill holes As the blggest cost in all placer mining opera— tions is the transportation of the pay material from the shaft to the sluices it is of prime importance to consider the scale upon which the operations are to be conducted whethcr by the windlass or the self—dum Generally the quantity of ground a th of the pay streak will determine the posmon of the shaft or shafts, as the case may be, and the scale of the work, If the pay streak is found to be 6. size : | § | 200 feet in width one shaft will serve to mine 40,000 square feet of bed rock and that will justify the in— stallation of a steam hoist. , on the other hand, the pay streak is only 100 feet in width, two shafts- will be necessary to mine a similar area and again, if the pay streak 1s still narrower more shafts will be necessary for the same area or the laborers will have to wheel the gravels a long distance to the shaft. In the latter case windlass hoisting should It is apparent that the cost of mining in sinking shafts handling barren material and the setting up the hoisting rigging everytime a shaft is sunk. In this latter case the average area drifted out of a shaft is 20,000 square feet. DEAD WORK. term is commonly employed by the miners of this territory to mean work which is necessary to be done from which no revenue is expected; in other words it is considered preparatory work for whatever operations are to be conducted. This work consists of prospecting, building cabins, clear— ing the ground and erecting the plant SINKING SHAFTS. ‘Ther e many methods employed to sink shafts; each one ch:efly depends on the condition of the ground and the finances of the operator. _ When one undertakes to sink a shaft he must expect to find the following mater rom the surface to a depth of from 6 to 15 feet, moss and muck in a frozen condition. 2. ‘The next layer underneath consists of gravels from 3 to 8 feet thick and all frozen. 3; d rock material, frozen, about 4 feet thick containing the best pay. he muck c01131sts chrefly of decomposed vege— table matter and ice, while in other localities it is mixed with san The gravels are fine; the largest boulder does not exceed 24 inches in diameter and does not, therefore, impede mining by any method. the gravels perm DAWSON DAILY NEW 8. better to have two shafts, as the material is being while the material is being hoisted. On the other hand if there is only one shaft available the men have nothing to do when the thawing goes on. THAWING IN DRIFTING OPERATIONS. In all modern plants only steam is being used to sally used. ‘The where transportanon is difficult and hot water is used in certain localltles where the composition of mits HE POINTS. The points used to thaw the gravels are mostly solid standard heads which will stand the blows of a 6 or 8 pound hammer. into b1tter1es of 4, each having a separate steam hose, usually 1% inch steam valve and each battery is con— nected with the main line 34 inch steam hose and valve. To do efficient work each pomt requires steam equal to 1%%4 h.p. boiler capacity. Much time is saved when the boiler capacxty is equal to 114 tlmes the number of points used, i.e. it would requlre a 30 h.p. boiler to supply steam ‘to 20 points. _ If a smaller boiler is employed much trouble will be ex— perienced in keeping it supplied with water and fuel. DUTY OF A POINT. Owing to the different conditions of the gravels it is difficult to state exactly the amount of steam required per point or the average amount of ground each point will thaw. _ ‘The conditions of the gravels, both on the same stream and on the same claim, are so different that accurate results or estimates, to apply to all cases, are almost impossible to be ob— tained. e best results of thawing, however, are accomplished when the muck reaches to within 5 Drifting Method Underground on No. 1 Below Hunker. COST OF SINKING SHAFTS. The size of a shaft to work the alluvials depgnt()ls Y eet respectively. erally 4 by 5 feet while the working ones are 6 b 7 fe The muck, which forms a part of the over— burden, is generally picked by one man at the rate of two feet in three When the shaft gets too deep for a man to shovel the dirt out by hand, the wmdlass is set up and an— other man is requxred to hoist the material out. When the gravel or bed rock is reached the stecam points are empl The gravel is usually of sufﬁcxent depth to re— quire two thaws; even if the fir the bed rock, a second thaw will be necessary to open the bottom of the shaft. Shafts are not tim— bered unless they are kept for working purposes. A shaft 4 by 6 can be sunk at the rate of 4 to 5 feet in a day. aking ordinary labor at $6 per day, mechanics at $7 per day and cost of wood at $10 per cord the cost of smking shafts of different dimen— sions ls as follow: aft 4 by 6 feet for a depth of 30 feet costs $3.11 per runmng A shaft 4 by 5 fect for a depth of 30 feet costs $2.80 per running foo A shaft 6 by 6 feet for a depth of 30 feet costs $4.40 per running foot. When it is necessary to sink two shafts on the same claim it is better to sink them at the same time, as the man at the windlass can hoist from both shafts thus avmdmg the cost of one man at the time of sin When wmdlass operations are contemplated, it is t thaw penetrates feet from the bottom of the pay. As a rule the gravels are sufficiently opened and the muck acts as a blanket to the steam which penetrates through the gravels. ‘This, I must say, is the most favor— able condltlon for thaw he other hand deep bodies of gravels are liable to be very compact and full of sediment. ‘This class of gravels will not admit steam as readily and therefore do not thaw as rapidly and care must be taken to avoid thawing the high barren gravels as they have to be removed by hand and, therefore, the cost of excavation is increase In ormer case, above mentloncd where the gravels are porous and n contain — much humidity and sand, 6 foot pomts placed 3 feet apart, driven their full length and steamed for hours‘ will thaw to a depth of 9 or 10 feet or 4.68 cubic yards per point. In the latter case where the gravels are tight and full of sediment, points are driven 2%% feet apart and steamed slowly for 16 hours and thaw on an aver— age 3 cubic yards per po mt It will be noticed that in the latter case more fuel is used; more expense incurred in point—setting; much barren maternl must be removed and the duty of the point is less. COST OF THAWING. ‘The cost of thawing in connection with modern drifting operations can be summed up as follows: 1st (Bahomunt. l L. ns l d all : 2nd. II:;uel wood at $10 per cord..... $17.50 d 3rd umber of points used......... 4th. ‘Total cost for 20 points..... wl $3050 5th. ‘The duty of 20 pomt ......... 75 cu. yds. 6th. ‘The duty of each point..... 3.75 cu. yds. 7th. ‘The cost of thawmg, per cu. yd 40,7 ‘These points are connected | 7 ‘The cost above given miust not be confounded with the cost of thawing gravels when other methods are employed. In open cuts and dredging the points used are much longer, there xs more room to work and there is less care taken in point setting, therefore the duty of .each point would be greater j » and the cost, per cubic yard, a great deal less MODE OF DRIFTING. After the shaft is sunk to bed rock a drift is run up or down stream to the end boundary of the claim, then a crosscut is run at right angles, then the the gravels after which they are shoveled into wheel— barrows and dumped into the bucket, situated at the bottom of the shaft, ready to be hoisted. h excavation of the material commences at the end ‘of the claim and proceeds towards the shaft so as to leave all danger of "cave—ins" behind the labor— rs Considerable management is necessary to see that the laborers do not interfere with one an— each man should make a wheelbarrow to ev second bucket and do his share of handling the waste material. CAPACITY OF MAN IN DRIFT. The work of a miner in a drift consists of pick— ing and shovelmg the thawed gravels into a wheel— barrow and wheeling the same to a bucket situated at the bottom of the shaft. Under the most favorable conditions one man will pick and shovel and de— liver the same ready be hoisted about 337% cubic feet of material; but the output of the laborer varies with the dlstance he has to wheel the material In localities where the pay streak is narrow and there is a shortage of ground to work, the conditions are less workable and the output of the laborer will not average more than 270 cu.ft. > ‘The capacity of a miner underground:> varies with so many conditions that a general average, only, can here be given. CAPACITY OF A PLANT. A modern plant has a capacity of cubic yards per 24 hours It is, however, only advisable to install a self— dumper plant when there are six shovelers or over underground as the expenditure above ground is too great to cope with the output of the men in the hole. _ A modern plant of this kind consists of a 35 h.p. boiler, a steam hoist and a 48— 7§—inch cable. _ The Each point requires 114 h.p. or a trifle less and the hoisting requires 8 h.p If the shovelers can supply th plant it is possible to hoist, up a shaft 30 feet in depth, one bucket a minute. COST OF DRIFTING. I here give concise data as to the cost, including the dead work and the upkeep of the plant of drift— ing an area 0 ,000 square feet when the pay aver'xges 4V4 feet m thickness. haft, 30 feet in depth......... 130.00 Txmbermg shaft and some distance in drft uo. oS Mc anainaiint ce r cale 170.00 Tuel 112 cords of wood at $10 per ............................ 1120 00 Labor 10 men, 22. im sls c 6.00 Cost of dead work and upkeep.... 153480 $6650.00 Number of days in operation...... 56 Daily capacity. «of plant.s...>:... 60 cu. yds. Cost per cuble wardp..m.a.lrm.g.... 4 Cost per gq. ft: of bed rock..... .. v33.28 his is cost of excavating the material and placmg on the sufrace in the shape of "dump," ready washed when the water is liberated. _ From 60 cents to $1 per cubic yard must be added to cover the washing. WINDLASS PLANT. A windlass plant consists of a windlass, a rope and a small 8—pan bucket and a small boiler to fur— ish steam to thaw the gravels. In many in— stances the gravels are thawed with wood. All these operatlons are generally conducted by men of limited mean lass and the other in the hole. thin both men, for the most of the time, work in the hole as there is much waste to be disposed of. CAPACITY OF PLANT. ‘The capacity of 1 wmdlass plant depends on the thickness of the streak of —two feet in thickness not more than 120 buckets, or about 7 cubic yards, can be hoisted per shift. a 3%% foot face the average will be about 200 buckets whxeh is equal to 67%4 square feet of bed rock or 235 cubic feet of gravels per s it is not advisable, in all windlass operations, to carry the dirt more than 60 feet, shafts are sunk every 100 feet or less. T OF WINDLASS DRIFTING. _I herewith give concise data as to the cost of drifting a piece of ground 30,000 square feet area, when the pay averages a dcpth of 4/2 feet. 4 shafts each 30 feet in depth.. 380.00 tm eige oys es > 8736.00 <uel 1/2 cords per day at $10 for De_ad sorg . u. $12553.40 Daily Routout: .o ucce sls n n Te 270 sq. Cost per square foot of bed rock.. Al,8 Cost per enbic foot ..........l. .. 11,9 $.22 Cost per cublc yard \ nctille cost above ~given is for the actual work § ssary to place the material into a dump ready to e sluiced as soon as the water is liberated in the ?lm"g time. _ ‘The cost of washmg this material adds m 60 cent to $1 per cubic ya MODE OF SLUICING j The washing of the commences about the 1ttu part of Aprll and contmues until the 15th of Octo bcr of each nany lomhtres the only water available to wash the material is seepage and snow water, which last not more than two wee S, is of prime im— portance that all preparations should be made to eceive the water as soon as it is liberated. In tlns case the sluices are placed in position and covered «with small battens and the excavated mater— ial is dumped thereon in the shape of a mp.. A few"days before the opening of the season this material is thawed with steam points after which the battens are removed one by one and the mater- ial drops 1nto the sluices by gravity and aided picks and shovels In some localities the materlal is hydrauliced mto the sluices by means of a smail hose, the water i ied by a small pressure pump. In other locahtres wl the co dition will allow it, the ma terlal is ser aped into the sluices with steam or ho ser The method of waslu is endent on the scale of the operations, the water supply and the (lumpmg ground for the disposal of the tailings. OPEN CUT METHOD. The open cut method, which consxsts of recover— ing the pay by means of removing the overburden, is not only the oldest method employed in this camp but one which has received the most atten— tion in the ‘Territory. has. caused many fail— ures, but that cannot be compared with its successes and the incalculable value it has been to t in solving a means of operating the poorer gravels of the l‘erntory There are many open—cut methods in use, each one l)cm" employed to conform to the existing con— ditions, 'm have divided them 11r11to two great classes sed on the manner and the cost of op— L‘l’lelOll, as rol ows First—All the open cut methods in which the excavation of the material is by manual labor is known as ordm'lry placer mining methods or prim— itive., meth Sec ;1d~—»\ll open cut methods in which the ex— cavation of the material is don y mechanlcal means are known as modern methods or gravel mining methods. the following, hereunder, you will find the several methods in use subdw ded and belonging to class l or: 2. as the rst,—Ordinary Placer Mmmg Methods— Grouud sluicing. Stripping by ground sluicing, shovelling the pay into the sluices. Stripping, with either steam or horse scraper or both, shovelling mto wheelbarrows, wheeling ta bucket and hoisting to sluic Second,—Gravel \lmmg Method— ll\dr'luhcmtT with pumped water. ll\drauhunv w1th gravity water. Steam sho l)rcdg w * ORDINARY PLACER TING BY R 2s * CUT NING METHODS. .mund SlulCllg—-Thls method is employed ay in certain localities where the water supply is amplc; where the gravels are shallow 'mld where the gradient of the stream is sufficiently high to move the material. It consists of concentrating the stream as much as possible on the gravels wh1ch are moved by the water without pressure, In e instance laborers are employed to pick the gravels $ /tl?:n sllre:n:»hole material from the surface bedrock is removed in this manner, the l thod is known as "ground slucing"; when it 11 only em: plmtd to move the ovexburd en it is own — as '\t‘mpmgppmo BY GROUND SLUICING. cases when the gradient of the streain Te 1: & top ; mit the whole of the material, from top :\lll)’n;;gnper moved by ground sluicing, only tlle m'crburden is removed and the pay is shovelle d ‘This, however, can only be done moved by ground sluicing, & moss_ an yA thc ved before the pa}' is exposed, it becomes m“ﬁs_u_y to strip it with either a steam or a rcessd hmSC’I‘S”I::I'E)’IN(} PICKING AND HOISTING. f 4 £ open cutting a piece of ground 0 lhe mel)h?iletom pdcpth consists of three distinct no) ons: (1) strlppmg the overburden by ground UF”?,:I e waste mat;;ral by means uic i } e scraper, and, ( he pay | i “l lv lglumllnt(())r \\'heclb rows, conveyed to the self— dumpcr bucket and then hoisted to the sluice. cosTt OF OPEN CUTTING. es in ever The cost of m;nmg by tlns n:}eihocl)vgrr f dy water. supply, plenty of grade o verted from a e}ar- a sluicing purposes while in other S:l’seitrrenuch (S)Zrapmg must be done and the sluice resulting from the DBAWSON batuy NnBWw & waler must be pumped. up, therefore, only an aver— 0 V overburden by ground— sluicing costs b d}25 cents per cubic yard; the cost of scraping the waste by steam costs between 50 and 60 cent per cubic yard, y horse scraper from to 75 cents per cubic yard. The cost of shovellmg in the pay into the bucket and hoist it on to the sluices costs in the neighbor hood of per cubic Taking the average on a number of. eperations I have found the cost of open cutting to be $2.25 per cubic yard washed. OPEN—CUTTING BY MODERN GRAVEL MIN— ING METHODS. 18 This hydraulic method consists of directing a stream of water under pressure against a natural l)u ing the early days of this camp the population included m California wh gravels many were o be employed. Afte gated it was soon found that the frost was not the objection, but it was the lack of water and dump— ing ground. Another objection was that the area of an md1v1dual claim did not justify the installa— tion of a plant of any magnitude The method of hydraulrcmg requires an dant water supply, plenty of grade a dumping ground for the disposal of the without any one of these three conditions hydraulic— ing is impossible. It was not until the best pay was worked out of the placer clalms that the meth— od was introduced and it required a larger tract than the area of one claim to justify any expense in that line. In the years of 1899 and 1900 many groups of 9 oper'lte the whole seasoh 4) he cost of the removal aterial is increased by wha ever expendxture is mcurred during the | dry sx_a son when there is no work goin there is an abundant supply of water the cost of the removal of a cubic yard of material has been as low as 14%% cents. ‘The quan tity of water available was 200 inches, the hught of the bank 40 feet and the duty of the miner‘s inch 5 cubic yards in 24 hours. ‘This is the actual cost only and does not include the interest on the money invested ie same work, done under the same COndlthnS, with a pumping plant costs upwards of 25 cents per cubic yard. MANNER OF HYDRAULIC. It was first thought th'lt the frost in the _ gravels would be a severe hy— draulic operatxons This, however, was not the case as the sun‘s heat supplied as much thawed material as the water could handle The method of procedurc cOllSlSted of exposing as large as possible a far e gravel bank to the the stream can be directed onto any part of it for a length of 200 feet. One portion is bemg operated while the other is being thawed by the sun. When the face of the bank is too large for one monitor, two are installed, but only one is used at a time if ly y the frost is considered, the ough success STEAM SsHOVELING. The steam shovel has been very little used in this Territor instance have I known any plant of this kind being successful. i of this method was made is, therefore of little nnportance as to method is a t I have no data Six—inch Giant Under 450 Feet Head on Potato Patch Group. claims were formed and ditches, from near—by trib— aries, were constructe e water supply was so meagre and the seasons so short, very little headway was made. At the time the method was mtroduced there was such a congestion of claims, oth on hillsides and creek beds, that only a small quantrty of water could be diverted by the ditches, e water being required by the individual miners in the creek bed. e next obstructlon was the lack of dumping ground and to overcome this difficulty the tailings were cribbed on the side hills in order the ad]ommg claims in washing the deposit bed. To ‘overcome all these dlfflcultles posed to install pumpmg plants in the creek bed to pump the water for hydr mllcmg purposes. In this manner the water was returned to the stream above the point of diversion of the pu mpmg plant and thereby causing no friction I)ctween the hydraulic and individual mining operator n account of the cost of fuel this method was not successful and was abandoned. The decrease in the number of—individual min— ing operations in the creek permitted the di— version of a larger quantity of water and in con— sequence larger ditches we e constructed, and large groups of claims were rmed, _ including . many creek claims, the latter bem used to dump tailings opcratrons on the hillsides. The scale of these operations has been increasing every year since 1904. COST OF HYDRAULICING. The cost of hydr'lullcmg depends on the quan— tity of water avarlable, e duty of a miner‘s inch and thc dumping for the dis posal of the taih’ngs The pressure with which the water is being used is also great acto the present time no hydraulic company has been able to obtain a sufficient water supply to it was pro— tree dtee dreage mione Pans. e tirst dredge in the Territory was installed or Creek Claim No. 42 below dlscol'ery onanizl reek. It was a Risdon se connected bucket dredge of 2%%4 cubic feet capacxty of the old type with steam as motive pow The ground was clearcd and stripped of moss and muck and a pond was made in which to place the boat, and operations were conducted without any artificial thawing, It was, however, soon found that there was too much frost and the bed rock could not be reached. work of this dredge convmced the the method would be a success, even if con ucted under the same condmons with the advantage of the experience gai t s found that thawing was absolutely ne— cessary before digging could commence. To do this a separate plant was installed to furnish steam to P e digging so that the thawing plant could supply the dredge for the remainder of the The tenor of the gravels at this pomt was suf— ficiently high to Justnfy this worl\ It was a mat— ter of economising in fuel and increasing the du uty of each point. ie records show that the cost of thawing ahead of a dredge was 30 cents per cubic yard and the actual cost of (hggmg was about the same. This dredge is still operatmg on Bonanza Creek, but with greater efficiency than befor The most expensive part of the operations is the thawing ahead of the dredge ‘This cost has n decreased very materially since the w been done on a large scale. e chief cause of the ecrease being cheaper fuel and improvements in the method of point—setting. Sincg electric power, renerated by water, has «A beenintroduced the cost of digging has is now nearly assured that C duced. hydro—electric transmission in that the point version of the water to generate the power is much DA w S ON— DAILY . NE WB Yukor Canadian K. been type; cap'lctty, 5 'md 6 cubic fee 4 the Lewis Riv Company, Bonanm Creek, Ris— in ents a don typc Cdp'lclly, 2%, cubic the old Company, Hunker Creek, Bucyrus of di— type; capacxty 5 and 6 cubic feet. G. M. Company, Klondike River, * each case, cubic yards All the dredges of the Yukon Gold Company,,? umber, —excavated e season 0 averaged between 100000 and each. 1,500,000 cubic yards during ‘The other dredges, being one in 150,000 ELEVATORS. At points where the gravels are shallow the bed Dredging Method. colder than the point at which being conducted. the mont ere Territory, as fo Yukor the operations are power were gcnerl team it would lengthen the season abou are 12 dredges operating in the Yukon i Gold Company, Bonanza Creek, Bucyrus Open—cut Method. ted l) onanza Basin ie Chalmers type; Yukon Basin typc' Bros. Marion Shovel type: capacity, 6/2 cubic feet. D. €o apauty 6%/ Llll)lL e 0.4 t wart R1v01, Risdon capacity, 2/ cubic fee vison Forty— ﬂlllL River, Allis Chalmers type; capacrty, 6/ cubic feet. is in use. the velocity ullkc River, Allis The ascertained — ere ready rock is hard, enough grade in the creek bed for the removal of the material, dredge, a new method, known as ‘This method can be classified as a hy— draulic method in which the elevators. s as follows:— A sump hole is made, about 30 feet in depth, < which is placed an upright. — placed, at each end, two tumblers, similar employed on dredges. over which ‘an en(lless chain . of buckets revolve. the bottom of the sump hole terial which has becn hydrauliced in. have a capacity of 3 i of over 20 per minute. These elevators have been installed on Bonanza Creek by the Yukon Gold Company after a de51gn made by the general manager, rry. cost 0 but I am pare well with that of the dredge are three installcd two of which have al— been operated. Abo ateri'il have been treated with these machines. cracked and slabby and there is not or the gold cannot be recovere y a "electric elevators" grade is substituted by short description of the method- Within. this upright is those made to reach cubic feet and revolve with a the Operations have not yet been opinion that it will com— t 66,000 cubic yards of OPPORTUNITIES By FRANK J. NOLAN, Manager of the N. A. T. & T. Co. OF— YUKON HE Yukon offers opportunities r the amassing of wealth men of all stations in life, to the in— dividual miner and prospector, and to the capitalist interested in the de— velopment of the mining mdustry it offers inducements unequalled in any country in the world. There is no bet— ter field for untold wealth to the faith— ful prospector who is possessed of the necessary pluck and determination to c lsl persevere. . ‘Thousa acres of placer ground are stiil available for the individual miner an rospector. ciently prospecte(l to ascertain presence of gold in paying quantities, but the larger portion however has never had a prospect hole put down upon it, and consequently its value is as yet unl\nown to the world. Hun— dreds of claims are heid by miners who offer splendld inducements to the individual, that is the miner of small capital, to be worked under the "Lay" system. Most of tnese properties have been prospected and the pay streak defined, but owing to the lack of sufficient means the owners are not able to operate their properties. Un— der the lay system the owner of the property practically leases basis. output of the mine out of which he pays all operating expenses and the percentage to which the owner of the property is entitled under the "Lay." ‘The balance remammg represents the profits of the laymen in the operation of the claim. Frequently these lays have been found very profitable to the laymen and the greater percent— age of them pay better than wages. Remuneration for work, or wages is figured at a much higher rate than is paid for the same work in mining centres that are located in closer prox— imity to the markets of the world. ‘The farther from the market in which the miner obtains his supplies and t~e more remote from civilization, the higher the wages. We find, there— fore, that the rate of wages varies ac— Lording to the district in which the miner and layman is working and that it is rated from $4 a day and board to $12 a day and board and in some in— stances to $15 a day and board. ‘The usual rate of wages, however, paid to the miner workmg at placer min— _ da ing in the Yukon is $4 a and board. Owing to the great possibili— ties of the country and the vast oppor— tunities it offers, the man coming into the country at the present time, pos— sessed of the qualities necessary to be— come a prospector and who has the grit to persevere has every chance in his favor of making, if not a fortune, at least a more comfortable com— petence than his contrere on the out— i /////// m Frank J. Nolan, Manager N. A. T. o —Photc by — Duclos. side. Many men have not only done well but have left the country in ab— solute independence. er for the prospector to de— crease his chances of failure and to render success more certain, necessary in addition to the qualities heretofore enumerate for him— to possess sufficient means to provide himself — with a suitable outfit or grubstake to last at least one year. ‘This can be procured at an average cost of $500—a man per year, and there should never be less than at least two men, ‘working as pariners, on a lay or prospecting venture. ‘ here is an — enormous _ territory available containing v deposits of placer gravels which wrll yield hand— returns to the capitalist and heavy investor. These properties must be worked on a large scale by modern and improved methods in order to be profitable. Much capital has been in— duced to invest in the Yukon during the last few years and there is every indication that when the returns on their investments begin to come in there will be an eagerness on the part of capital to increase their holdings. The fuel industry gives employment to a large number o men. An enor— mous quantity of wood is consumed in this country, out of proportion to the population if compared with similar districts outside. _ The mines demand their quota, and a large quantity is demanded for household use. At pres— ent there is a sufficient number of men interested in this industry but the opportunmcs in this line will doubt— less nnprove with renewed. and in— creased mining activity. The roads and. trails of the Yukon are as good as can be found in any mining country elsewhere. ‘The Cana— dian government cannot be given too much credit for the excellent work it has done. Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended in per— fecting the system of roads and trails and it has ever been the policy of the government to follow up the pros— pector and trail blazer and provide roads wherever found ‘necess The commercial condmons of the territory at the preseut time do not warrant the encouragement of a smgle individual; every line of business is represented and in fact many are overdon This condition, however, \\111 doubtless improve With the in— crease of investment of capital in placer mining and the development of quartz and renewed activity of the prospector. might be of interest to those con— templating a change of residence to know that in the City _ churches of all represented and that the school sys— tem is of a very high order. ‘The city also has two well equipped hospitals which would do credit to outside cities of much greater importan Telegraphic communication is to be had with the ide, via Canadian and American lines and also with aid of the wireless system with many parts of Alaska. ‘Mails are received regularly by steamer during the open season of navigation and by stage during the winter months. ‘This lat— ter is a tri—weekly service. Mail ser— vice is also maintained between Daw— son and Alaskan points. In conclusion the Klondike fields offer inducements to the sturdy prospector who has the means to pro— vide himself with a suitable outfit that cannot be surpassed in another spot on the globe and 1t also offers —in— or the cap— italist that will prove as remunerative as investments of a similar character in the other mining centers of the world. ¥ukon River, .over.. gold Eevomemmarmem DAWSOoN DAILY NEWS8. e Lnlberalnty and Safety of Mining Laws in the Yulkon By F. X. GOSSELIN, Gold Commissioner of ¥Yukon Territory THE‘ mining laws in force in the i Yukon Territory are of three kinds: First. ‘Those regarding placer min— ing, which are embodied in an act of the parliament of Canada passed in 1906, entitled the "Yukon Placer Min— ing Act," and in several amendments. Qetond ‘Tho ose I'C"'lr(lll‘lg quartz mining, which are embodied in an or— der of the governor general in council, dated \ucust 13, 1908, which came into force Septcinbcr 26, 1908. Third. _ ‘Those reg'lrding dredging, which are embodied in an order of the governor general in council, passed on May 14, 190/ which came into force on June 22, 190 Under the said Yukon placer mining act and its amendments, any person over, but not under, eighteen years of age, whether a British subject or not, may .iuluire by staking and applying, placer mining claims of the size de— scribed therein, namely, "Any person or party of persons locating the fir claim on any creek, hill, bench, bar or plain, or locating a elaim on any creek, hill, bench, bar or plain upon which ihcre is no recorded claim, is entitled to a claim or claims respec— tively of the following sizes: One "w c+ locator, one claim 1,500 feet in length; a party of two locat«rs, two claims, each of 1,250 feet in length; a party of more than two locators, two claims, each of 1,000 feet in fength; and for cach member of the party beyond two, a claim of the ordinary size only, namely, 500 feet in length, Creek claims are two thousand feet in width, and all other claims are one thousand feet in width. Any person having recorded a claim (creek, hill, bench, bar or plain) with— in a valley or basin, has the right to locate another claim within the said valley or basin within sixty days of the date on which he has located the said claim. The grants which are issued. for placer mining claims are only good for one year from the date of issue; but they are absolutely renewable from year to year, provided the gran— tees thereunder, or their assigns, do or cause to be done thereon at least two hundred dollars worth of work during each year of the said period, in accord— ance with a schedule prepared by the gold commissioner and appro_vcd by the commissioner, and file within a prescribed time with the mining re— or his agent, an affidavit stat— corder @8 such work has been done, and ing that sCt[lll" out a detailed statement there— of, and pay the required renew al fee. Placer mining claims adjoining one another, not exceeding ten in number, may be grouped together by the min— ing recorders, for the purpose of per}; forming on any one or mote of sucl claims all the w orl\ require(l to entitle the owners of s z therefor, ame to renewal grants' Any number of claims adjoining or not adjoining may be grouped to— ether for similar purposes, if it shown to the satisfaction of the com— missioner of the Y¥ukon Territory that the interests of the locality in which these claims are situated will be ma— terially benefitted thereby. Under the quartz mining regula— tions, any person over, but not under eighteen years of age, whether British subject or not, who discovers rock in place, is entitled to stake a claim measuring 1,5 eet in length by 1,500 feet in width, and record for the same, on making ap— plication within the time specified in these regulations; but he may not locate more than one claim on the same vein or lode, or within a dis— tance of one—half mile. Quartz claims, not exceeding eight in number, wliich are adjoining one another, may grouped together for the purpose of doing the required amount of assessment work called for y the said regulations, namely, one hundred dollars worth per annuni per claim. The records which are issued for quartz claims enti holders thereof to obtain crown grants for The Race for Fortune—Lake Lebarge in 1898. these claims, upon perforining at least one hundred dollars worth of work per annum for five consecutive years, or five hundred dollars worth of worl\ during one or two years, or more,. and _ hay a survey made thcreof and properly advertised > and posted, and paying the surface rights at the rate of one dollar an acre here is not the slightest danger of the holders of, such records losing the claims covered thereby, if they perform, or ca to be performed, the required amount of work, and file with the mining recorder, Within the speCiﬁed del'tys proper affidavits giv— ing an itemized account of such work. There is not the slightest danger of the holders of such records being re— fused crown grants, if the provisions of the regulations are complied with. th as reg'irds placer mining and quartz mining, if any person satisfies the mining recorder that he is about to undertake a bona fide prospecting he may receive written permis— Sion from the mining recorder, allow— ing him to record a claim within his mining district at any time within a period not exceeding six months from the date of his staking such claim; and if any person satisfies the mining recorder th'it he is about to undertake a bona fide prospecting trip, and files with the mining recorder a power of attorney from any number of per— sons, not exceeding two, authorizing him to stake claims for‘them, in con— sideration of their having enabled him take the trip, he may stake one claim in ‘the name of each such per— son — upon any ‘creek on which he makes a discovery es "A. pa lel As regards dredging mining regula— tions: Leases to dredge for minerals in the beds of rivers in the Y¥ukon Territory are issued for periods of fifteen years for stretches ofriver, not exceeding ten miles in length, and those leases are renewable from time to time, at the discretion of the min— ister of the interior, provided it is wise fully complied with the provi— sions of the regulations in that behalf. The rentals calle or by these dredging regulations are one hundred dollars a mile, for the first year, and ten dollars a mile for each additional ear ‘The lessees under said leases are required to instal on their leaseholds and put in operation, within three years from the dates of said leases, at least one dredge, . and to keep such dredge in operation for not less than forty days, of ten hours each, in every ear, after the third year frnin —the date of the lease. ~‘The foregoing symopsis will satisfy any one who is acquainted with the mining laws of other countries, that the mining laws in force in the Yukon ‘Territory are more libeéral ans as safe, if not safer, than any other min— ing laws. MIINING TITLE IN YUKON By E. C. SENKLER, K. C., Legal Adviser, Former Gold Commissioncr. FROM the discovery ofgold Bonanza in August, 1896, until the summer of 1898, creek elaims only had been staked, and although there was no means of perfecting title to a placer claim during that period, there is not a case where a bona fide prior locator who complied ‘with the regu— lations was deprived of his ground. The greatcst trouble arose at the tinie of the big rush from the outside in the summer of 1898, as it was found about that time tlnt the benches of Bonanza, Eldorado, Dominion and Hunker contained gold. Owing to the large number of locators, and the dif— ficulty of describing precisely the posi— tion of—claims, there was much over— lapping that brought about litigation which could not be disposed more than three years. ‘This litig'ition caused considerable — dissatisfaction, and, in some cases, miners suffered in— justice. Until March 31,1900, the holder of a grant to a claim was always subject to attack by holders of previous loca— tions and it always was necessary that claim holders should be in a pOSition o satisfactory prove the position of his location posts. date mentioned a regulation came into force whereby a claim holder could have his claim surveyed, and on ad— vertising the survey three. weeks, if no protest were entered, the survey would mark absolutely the boundary of the claim. On a man taking ad— vantage of this amendment, his duties were reduced to seeing that the r presentation work was done and tliat the claim was renewed each year. ‘The government also gave general assist— ance in this regar(l by having all the principal creeks—Bonanzo, Eldorad e Hunker, Dominion and Sulphur——sur—, veyed, giving precisely the position of each creek claim In Yukon Territory, as in all other placer countries, the locator of a placer claim always is in danger of attack up to the time he has complet— ed the advertising of a survey of the claim. ‘This, owing to the difficulty of finding and fixing preCisely the location posts of other locators, is un— avoidable, and a knowledge of the ex— act position of adjoining claims can be obtained only by a proper survey. A mining recorder‘s office, especial— ly as regards placer mining, must necessarily be somewhat different from the ordinary registering office, and must be perfected gradually by the experience of those who have its From 1897 until 1900, when the great rush was at its height in i and recording, the recording office was at a great disadvantage, es— pecially in the fore part of that period in not being properly equipped in re— gard to space and material. here are many cases in the record of the arly days where bills of sale of valu— al)lc property were written on wrap— ing paper. Since the new adminis— tration building was completed, in the summer of 1901, no fault can be found with the gold commissioner‘s office or the supply of material. The placer mining act, under which placer mining is administered at pres— Governor‘s Residence, Dawson ent, l)CC’lﬂlc l'lW in August, 1906. ‘The act was compiled largely from regu— ations formerly in force, but includes a number of changes that were adopt— by the commissioner of the Yukon council appointed for the purpose af— ter consultation with the miners at a number of meetings held for the pur— pose of discussing proposed changes. A few amendments were added in 1908, and today we have as secure and as workable a compilation of laws as can be found in any community, x2 3 pAWSON DPAILY NEW 8. Treatment and Marketing of Gold By F. STANLEY LONG, of the Bank of British North America Dust O husband the resources of a country and convey its industrial commodities from their place of pro— duction into channels of usefulness is the work of a complicated mercantile The centralization and dis— Facility in production is invariably — commensurate wit the means of distribution, and where these are well organized the benefits accrue directly to the producer. Thus industry is stimulated when distribu— tion . is ablished upon a sound economic bas he actual conveyance of the gold of the Klondike from its mines to the refinery or mint has been conducted almost entirely through the medium of the Dawson banks. Each bank has its trained gold buyers who by dint and are able to differentiate the gold from the different creeks by the pecu— liarities of its formation, size, color and lustre. _ ‘The banks‘ currency is always available to meet the demands the industry. The gold dust of the Klondike dis— different parts of the same claim. Such variation is cause alloy with varying proportions of silver. _ ‘The proportion of base m copper—is almost inappreciable. _ In certain districts the dust is coated with a deposit of iron sulphide, a re— sult of volcanie action. . In this con— dition it has not metallic lustre. It is quite black in color, and in the pro— cess of melting the loss is generally much in excess of that of gold of a natural color Gold is brought to the local banks oughly blown and cleansed of any black sand which may be present. It is then weighed in the presence of the vendor and either purchased outright assay value the government export tax of two and ‘one—half per cent. (37% cents per ounce) and the bank‘s charge, which is approximately 26 to 28 cents per ounce The dust is then melted in the d moulds of the required size, a to cool and thoroughly cleansed of all slag. The bar is then weighed and the difference between the original weight of the dust and the bar weight represents the loss in melting. ‘The average loss in the case of clean bright dust is about 2 per cent. ‘The bar is then chipped or bored, the chips or borings being taken from both top and bottom of bar at diagonally op— ness—1,000 fine representing pure gold at $20.67 per ounce. Gold is the only metal which is not subject to varia— tions of price with market fluctuations. An allowance of ten points in one thousand is made for base metal. By way of illustration: — When the result of an assay of 100 ounces yields gold at a fineness of 800, silver, being the only other metal in the alloy, with the exception of the 10—1000 of base al— ready referred to, will constitute the difference between the gold fineness and the 1,000 points representing pure old. ‘Thus the fineness of the silver will be 190—base metal (nominal) 10 —making the total of 1,000 points. Gold at a fineness of 800 is worth $16.54 an ounce, silver at a fineness of 190 (supposing the market valuation per standard ounce to be 50 cents) is worth 9/2 cents an ounce. Hence, in the case in point, we have 100 ounces gold at $16.54 per ounce, and 100 ounces of silver at 9%4 cents per ounce. A certificate is made up ac— cordingly, giving all particulars of the assay, and the deductions from assay value, and is handed to the party at tion of gold and silver by the East India Company, which in the year 1600 obtained permission to ship an— nually coin or bullion to the extent of thirty thousand pounds, subject to stringent conditions, was the occasion of much conclusive testimony against a system wholly antiquated and im— practicable. In the evolution of the science of economics gold bullion has taken its place among the articles of merchandise. Gold shipments between nations are controlled by rates of ex— change, which in turn are governed by the balance of trade; gold, valued as bullion, being the only medium for international balances. a powerful influence on the m of gold, as money always moves to the point where it can be most profit— § . oA large exportation f gold is still regarded by many as a loss of national wealth, whereas it is but one a multitude of ex— changes. of commodities which are constantly taking place between coun— tries. Dwellers in a remote mining country can at least appreciate the necessity for such exchanges. MAILS OF THE YUKON By I. J. HARTMAN, Postmaster at Dawson A LTHOUGH the remotest point of any considerable population in the Dominion, Dawson is 1i supplied Three Tons of Gold Bricks in Dawson Bank. whose request the assay was made. most the entire output of the Klondike gold fields has been shipped directly to the assay offices and re— fineries of the United States, where, after refining, it has either been placed on the market as an article of mer— chandise or has found its way to the vaults of the treasury of the United tates. In earlier stages of civilization, in fact down to the sixteenth century, the exportation of the precious metals was frequently prohibited by the laws of different countries as being con— trary to the first principles of politi— cal economy. or a state to part with the "common denominator" was o impoverish itself in exact ratio. The controversy aroused by the exporta— with a regular and frequent mail ser— vice the year round, and the other portions of thc territory are given a good service in proportion to their population and distance from the main route o In the first few months of the his— tory of Dawson after the great rush to this region, mails were handled without _ adequate provision _ and everyone in the country had _to come to Dawson to get mail. But the force and the facilities®‘ soon became adequate, _ and everything _ was straightened out, and today Dawson as one o the best systematized post offices in the Dominion an miners or others from a distance are given the unusual accommodation of delivery of their mail at the office any time day or night that the gen— eral delivery may be closed, For a time the Dawson office was the first in rank in the world in the amount of money handled the changed conditions, Dawson still makes a splendid showmg, and the office here ranks among the leading offices of Canada in volume of bus ness. ‘The Dawson —summary for orders _ sold, $337,625.95; commiSSion on same $2,575.51; de— its in Dawson post office savings bank $109 ; money orders paid, 1 l)ox rent, 98; postal notes sold $11,325; stamps sold, $12,— The following is a list of the post offices in Yukon‘ Territory, together with the postmaster of each, and the mdication of what service is given each office, it being understood that postal savings bank, money order or postal note serVice is given only where state Da son——Postmaster > J. art— man; money order, savings bank ast _ Chance—Postmistress Miss Kate Kennedy. Dominion Post Office at mouth of Caribou Gulch—C. Sandquist. aris at No. 7 below lower discov— ery on Dominion—Frank Br Lower Dominion post office, at xX below lower—George Murray GranVille 244. below louer dis— Spence; os Su lphur post office, at No. 2 below discovery—Jo n pos offi'ce at Grand Forks of Eldorado and Bonanza—A. J. Peck; money or Stewart River post oifice at mouth of Stewart river—Mrs. W. H Sm y the. Pelly post office, town of Selkirk, at mouth of the Pelly river—Joseph Horsfall. Carmack‘s, _ near mines. Whitehorse — Dr. Fred Cane; money order and postal notes. Tantalus — coal Carcross—Mrs . Chambers. Conrad——]ame M. Mur Log Cabin—T. ‘Tugwell; postal Note—Atlin and Lo g Cabin are in British Columbia, but in the Yukon watershed. _ Glacier, _ Klaun Big Salmon are supplied with m'nl occas— sionally by special arrangement from time to. time. Livingstone, in the Little Salmon counrty, has a summer office only The complete post'tl staff at Daw— son follows: I artman, _ post— master; G. D. Edwards, aSistant post— master, Ben Craig, Joe Wilson, Fred Hartman, N Caron and Walter Hamilton, DAWSON DAILY NEWS. 13 Encouragement of the Prospector By ALFRED THOMPSON, M.D., Ex—Member of Parliament for Yukon I ‘T is safe to assume that there have i very few mining camps es— tablished which have not been made possible by the pre—arrival of prospector, The prospector is a specimen of the genus homo whose habitat is any— where on the surface of this globe where gold, silver or preeious stones are likely to be found. is home is in the wilds, a tent, cabin or even the forest primeval sheltering him in his hours or rest. He is buoyed up and led_ on by hope—hope that he will strike it rich; and he often does, but rarely reaps the benefits of his dis— covery. _ As a‘rule he is not a good business man and he suffers for his lack of l\nowledge of the ways of the business world. His business is to find. Others develop. But he is a man without whom it is almost im— possible for a new country to develop, for he is the great, lone philosophical Many mining countries recognize his worth and their need of the pros— ptttoi by offering inducements to his empire builder in the way of free some cases a cash bonus. Why? Be— cause they know of the benefits which follow in his train. He makes a find, stakes a claim; others follow and soon a stampede owns spring up, new roures of transporta— tion are new territory is exploited, people pour in, merce is given a new impulse, old centers of supply get more trade and new ones are created where none were before. The government receives revenues from a new source, and a place that was barren has been made to blossom like the rose. Dana, in his ‘Two Years Before the Mast" was in the harbor of San Fran— cisco, trading for hides with the Spaniards 20 years before gold was discovered, when California was prac— tically a waste. The discovery of gold in the ‘40‘s brought the prospec— tor and civilization. Other discoveries on the Pacific slope followed, notably Cariboo and Cassiar, with the result that in 60 years over seven millions of people make their home on this side of the Rocky mountai Robert Henderson discovered gold in the Klondike in 1896 a sult of his and other work, this territory has produced near 150 millions of gold since. What then can be done to encour— age this important individual, the »spector, to make new finds, per— l] ips discover new Klondikes? s irst make the inducement big enough to get him out in the hills by giving him a large claim for a dis— covery if he makes one. In the Yukon he gets 1,500 feet for one locator, and 2.500 feet if there are two in the party. ‘Then, make his title to the ground secure. new mining code has done this. . As soon as his ground has been proven, cut a trail to the loc(mon so that he can get his sup— s to the scene of operations at low Make him a partner of the gov— ernment by giving him a ‘percentage of the renewal fees after the second year. The first year the creek may be stampeded but the owners will not re— new their claims unless values are found. ‘The prospector has made it possible for the government to get any revenue from this ground, and it is not unreasonable to ask the govern— mert to share with the man who cre— ated this asset—this in lieu of a cash bo[r{lgl soon as possible after a new _find is made and proven, have his claim surveyed free; send a geologist to make a geological examination of the country in the vicinity, and have a reliable map made showing where gold is—likely to be found, and where ty Have contour survey made by a topographlcal surveyor showing altitudes, water supply and timber available. _ If the prospector has located a quartz claim, have a free assay office where he can get reliable assaying done. Put the machinery needed for milling quartz on the free list, and if necessary pay a portion of the cost to have a mill test made I hope soon to see a sur— 5 dance of grass for horses or mules. Wild berries grow in profusion, game is plentiful, and the streams supply whitefish, greyling and salm Fuel is plentiful in the valleys, and the tim— ber line is between three and four thousand feet above sea level. Above this the hills are bare except for the shrubs, mosses and wild. flowers, which make a Yukon landscape a panorama of beautiful colors when the wild flowers bloom. have, then, in the Yukon ideal conditions for prospecting—climate, pasture, water, fuel, game, fish and fruits, a territory that although it has produeed about 150 millions in gold is practically un— touched—good laws, sound title and a country where life and property are safe. What more can a prospector ask. Health in Yukon Territory By W. T. BARRETT, Medical Health Officer for Yukon Territory. vey made in this territory sh owing the rainfall in the different sections, the quantity of water in the different streams at different times of the year, and also the power to be generated from some of the well known water powers. There are in this territory great op— portunities for the prospector. We are right in that belt of gold pro— ducing ground which stretches from California to Cape Nome. Our min— ng laws are sound and the area of a claim ample. To tne placer pros— pector we give 1500 feet up and down stream by 2000 feet wide for a dis— covery claim; to the quartz prospec— tor we give a claim 1500 feet square IKE many of the interesting features of this country, the question of health and the relation of health to the extremes of tempera— ture never have been sufficiently in— vestigated and published so as to im— press favorably the intending pros— pector, farmer ~or capitalist, who wishes to exploit the mineral or agri— cultural resources of the Yukon. Canadians know that extreme cold at intervals during the winter is in— convenient and annoying, but not in— jurious to health, provided of course the necessary precautions are taken to .« protect the body with suitavle cloth— ing. On the contrary, we know that stitutional and zymotic diseases. curvy, the disease dreaded by the early pioneer and prospector—due to an impoverished condition of the sys— tem, for want of vegetable food—has disappeared from our hospitals com— and quicker methods of transportation, and home gardening, supply all the vegetable food neces— sary at the present time for our pop— ulation. One of the greatest surprises I ex— perienced during a recent visit to the British Isles, with several other Klon— dike friends, was the real astonish— ment displayed by many people there covering over 50 acres of ground, and after he has done a certain amount of work on it we give him a crown grant to the ground, so that he owns it in fee simple. or the quartz prospector there is here practically a virgin field, a field that is attractive because of the un certain origin of the placer gold i which the country abounds. For the prospector of copper there are vast ledges of this mineral still unexplored. These abound in that section which lies between the boundary between the Yukon Territory and British Co— lumbia and the head waters of the White river, and are said to contain every variety from pure native copper to gray copper. As a procf of this, enormous slabs of native copper can be seen in Dawson and Whitehorse, nd many varieties of copper ore are annually brought down from the cop— per region The climate here is most salubrious in summer cannot B m cool but not cold. _ ‘There is an abun— Dawson. St. Mary‘s Hospital, a Canadian winter acts as a tonic on people who are not afraid to move about and take open air exercise— even during our coldest weather. ie people in this territory who seem to suffer most from the extreme cold, are, generally speaking, those who remain in overheated, poorly— ventilated homes for days at a time, because the thermometer registers be— tween 30 degrees 'md 60 degrees be— low zero, Fahre The climatic conditions here during the spring, summer and fall are l(lc’ll for perfect health. We have the maxi— mum of sunshine with the minimum of variations in temperature. Labrador is fast becoming famous for the beneficial effects phthisical patients experience after spending a summer there. Much more favorable for consumptives are the climatic con— ditions in this territory. _ We have practically three months of continuous sunshine, a more equ'lble temperature throughout the season, and less mois— ture in the atmos The official health records for the Yukon during the last decade, show a remarkable freedom from all con— hardships and privations of the most startling kind. was very glad to inform them that there were many more at home like us, and that if they wished to get the best this world can uce—a good, sound, healthy con— stitution—the ¥ukon chmate possesses all the elements essential; all, in fact. that is necessary to the production of a strong vigorous race. ‘The hospitals of the territory are three in number—one at the town of Whitehorse and two in Dawson City. All these institutions are — liberally assisted by the local government and I think they can boast of giving as good service to their patients, as any similar institutions anywhere through— out the wor The native Indians of this northern country are sharing the fate of their southern brothers, only in a lesser de— gree. ‘Tuberculosis is making notable inroads into the various tribes and it will not be long before the North American Indian will be as rare as the buffalo mss pAWSON DAILY NEWS. Yukon‘s Gold Yield $150,000,000.9 By GEORGE F. JOHNSON, Treasurer of Yukon Miners and Merchants‘ Association Most of this magnificent showing made the last ten years——Low tide has been reached and output again swelling——New methods and modern mining appliances bring low grade placers to the front——Great virgin fields heretofore impossible to work brought # into the sphere of extensive and profitable operation by capital and progressive genius. NE hundred. and fifty. million dollars—such in round num— bers is the yield in pure . gold Yukon ‘Territory and the — smaller neighboring camps closely affiliated with this territory. Within a radius of one hundred miles of Dawson the magnificent sum of one hundred and twenty—five mil— lions or more has been produced, and George F. Johnson. —Photo by Duclos. within fifty miles of Dawson more than 90 per cent. of that sum has been recovered. The showing made to date is trifl— ing compared to the future mineral yields which will stand to the credit of this region when the many enter— prises already being: inaugurated for the thorough opening of the region in ways of transportation and de— velopment of resources are con— summated. Already has the tide turned even in the Klondike placers, and the lowest ebb in gold production near Dawson, which was reached last year, is be— coming lost to view in the returning large output. — ‘The early production pectors who came and wrested. the gold from its ancient beds by crudest processes. _ They tock the cream, and it was left to the ingenuity of engi— neering men and the expert liy(lrau'lic and dredge miners to get the remain— ing gold. Government geologists sent to Dawson under special commission to survey and estimate the sum total to be derived from the gold of the im— mediate _ Klondike that there are in the gravels fully as much gold as has been taken out. One concern alone has spent ten million dollars preparing to open a portion of the creeks, and will spend seven to ten more. It started operations last year, and by the fall of 1910 hopes to be going at a lively clip, and a year later to be running at full capacity, alone taking out millions annually. Several other concerns of magnitude also are opening extensive hyraaulic and dredging properties, which by that time should be producing extensively. ‘he showing of these properties, with the opening of quartz and copper and the other minerals now in sight, mean that the Yukon has a bright future in mineral. The hundred and fifty millions men— tioned as produced to date has come chiefly from Bonanza, Eldorado, Hun— ker, Dominion, Sulphur, _ Gold _ Run, Quartz and other such well known creeks and tributaries within 50 miles of Dawson. In striking this total about $25,000.000 is allowed for at the conclusion of the statistical total to cover the randum ereeks of the Forty— mile, Eagle, Woodchopper and Circle and such streams which in earlv day were opened by men toiling in this re— gion and who are part of the backbone this region today, and who have exploited this field as a whole from t _8 /,/’ } | 1. Circle Citvy_ to Whitehorse. _ Aside from this general summary the hand— some round sum of one hundred and twenty—five millions has m pro— duced within the borders of the Yukon Territory rroper—that is the British Yukon—and the greater part has been turned out within the last ten years. iven this is a magnificent showing, and the av—regate wealth is sufficient to build a fleet of a score of Dread— noughts, The official figures of the returns secured for the British Yukon are based chiefly on the royalty returns, which were collected in early days by crude methods, and dependent large— ly on the affadavits of claim owners as to their yield. Even then . the gold was estimated at the low valua— tion of $15 an ounce, which probably [I‘i w was a dollar under the real average value. Returns given in the statistical year book of Canada, and taken from the renorts of the mining section of the Dominion geological department of Canada, and figures from other equal— ly reliable sources are given here— with in showing the aggregate sum— mary of the yield so far as there is any record obtainable respecting the yield of Yukon Territory: ear. Amount. JSS dRSGi—fok: ... .. ﬂn $ 100,000 ge es m EnAE .o Ts 0,000 NesSS .i lmlpecene c old . ui. 40,000 1880 u. l rea ﬂce oer + 175,000 PSOD. ce en e l ay se das 175,000 T L iﬁ mepameaal e We 40,000 1992 _ uis ue esn 87,500 PeRaret o ah Mecams ol spia . Te 176,000 pMiicoal bslimnaniinn ... 125,000 Pepo e : se is Fomarbenctn 250,000 1efOu—R . oi c anke ol 5. 300,000 Here s oo io on aate ty 2,500,000 1SpEer s en tera t o c lal 10,000,000 1900 n ie . ho 16,000,000 1900 AmAS] No C s 22,275,000 OM t Cns t. + 18,000,000 §90278 [ l l an‘r. 14,500,000 $OSy ie on on wiitoe is id hedc s 12,250,000 [ on o e t 9,413,074 (MObraten o. fge 2l acro un gens 7,162,438 PODSimes on C L Lo 9e o cesc eeinte o 5,258,874 190A t n o wl 2,896,173 1908 e on mc L H oL us 3,282,684 Supplementary.‘........... 24,923,257 iPolats > errer is uh e $150,000,000 e sum entered in the foregoing under. "Supplementary" is the sum referred to before in this article as from other camps outlying in this istrict. Many. there are who are thoroughly convinced that the meth— ods of royalty collection prevailing in early days did not begin to cover the aggregate produced, and that great sums were smuggled out of the coun— try unknown to agents of the Cana— dian or American governments. _ It was required in those days by the American government that all persons shipping gold through the strip of American territory which it was neces— sary to cross to leave this territory should report to the American consul the quantity of gold carried, but it is known that often times gold went out which evaded this requirement. he next best authority after that was the returns compiled at the United States mints, where the gold for many years to be minted. rese te— piling the statistical information in this article, and were collected and re— vised through official Canadian chan— nels. % Now that the investment of millions by capitalists of Canada, the United States and Great Britain in dredging, hydraulic and other mining methods has been initiated for the opening of the low grade placers of this territory, there is no reason why fully as much gold as already produced should not be taken from the Klondike camp proper, lying within a radius of 50 miles of Dawson, and fully as much as has been produced in the Forty— mile, the Eagle, the Circle and other such camps should be produced there by the new methods. r ; 4 The placer gold exists also in en— couraging quantities on the Pelly river, as the Big Salmon, in the Kluane and other districts not so well known, but where immense bodies of low grade auriferous deposits have en— ticed prospectors for years. In those regions it is certain great yields will be made. . Also notable among the big gold fields which have contributed in the past and are rapidly coming to the front under the new methods are those of the Stewart river vallev. which should not only yield as much as in primative ways, but many times as much. In fact this should be the case with many of the larger streams known to carry dredging values, here— tofore touched searcely more — than for grubstakes. ‘The territory is so time of the uncovering in quarters of virgin placers as rich and probably as extensive as those im— mediately about Dawson. At any rate, the new era is It has dawned in Yukon immediately on the exit of the old era. ‘The old methods became too expensive for profitable operation beyond a com— paratively few claims. ‘The indica— tions that the gold yield, as shown in the foregoing table, turned last year to grow larger, is the indication of time.. The fleet of large gold ships and the other extensive apparatus will force. the results. ‘Then, the pro— mise of quartz and of copper and sil— ver in various parts of the territory swells the promise for Yukon, and the outlook is encouraging for Yukon to become as steady a producer of all kinds of minerals and in as large sums annually ag Colorado, California _ or Montana, j DAWSON DAILY NEWS. Transportation in Yukon 3’\“\ﬂ\o\n\u\¢9‘u\n\osnsn\ﬁa\a\u‘o\osususnst?ls;w\n\osu‘“‘q. 3 « los ‘\t’\u\o\osususnsoﬂsn‘usu‘solo‘o‘o\“\u‘u\nswsﬂo\u‘osu‘usn\ O the stranger, whose knowledge of the country is gleaned from newspaper and maga7inc articles, de— scribing the perils and har(lships of travel during the early days of the great Klondike rush, Yukon at the present time w ould be a rc\ehtion indeed. Nature has generous]y provided the territory with a magmficent water— way, the mighty Yukon river, which, bisecting the country from its south— ern boundary to the Alasl\a line 'md flowing onward Ber 3; as a connecting link Witli the outSi(le world, and, with its many navigable tributaries, provides unlimited means of interior or local travel At the present time, Dawson, the commercial centre of the Yukon terri— tory, _ no dou njoys — unequalled transportation _ facilities, compared with any mining camp of the world, of its size and located so remote from the centres of trade. From Puget Souiid 1nd British Co— lumbia ports, the cho of two routes type and sailing between Seattle, Vic— toria, Vancouver and Skagway, Al— aska. _ ‘This portion of the route is through the famous "Inside Passage" Alaska, a distance of 1,000. miles, with the famous Hudson river steam— ers. _ For light draft boats they have exceptionally large freight carrying capacit Barges are also largely used in the Summit White Pass. and for many years has enjoyed an enviable reputation as one of the most delightful tourist trips of the world. kagway connection is mad with the White Pass & Yukon route, operating a railway line 110 miles in is offered, known re\pectively as the length, to Whitehorse, the head of Upper river and the Lower river navigation of the Yukon river. This routes. railway, which crosses the Coast e & Windy Arm. The Lower river route is covered by Range through the famous White various steamship companies operat— Pass, is considered one of the great ing splendid ocean liners from 3,000 engineering feats of the day. ‘The to 6,000 tons burden, between Seattle line passes thl‘q“gh some . of t_he and SE Michaels, Alaska, a distance of grandest mountain scenery imagin— The boats connect at St.. able. 2487 miles. Michael with a fleet of well equipped stern wheel steamers, operated by the Northern Navigation company and the North — American ‘Thansportation & Trading company, and running to St. Michaels, Fairbanks and Dawson. The type of steamer operating on the Lower river is identified with the better class of boats and — packets found on the Mississippi river, having superior passenger accommodations and large freight carrying C'lpacny Barges are also employed in t 1¢ freight traffic; large powerful . tow— boats, convoying several barges, frc— quently move cargoes aggregating 2,000 tons. A pleasure trip from Dawson to St. Michaels, a distance of 1,601 miles on one of the superb Lower river packets, is the event of a lifetime and one to be long remember d. ‘The ner_river route, account of the shorter distance, is more largely used for freight and passenger traffic and is reached by the '\l'lsl\a Steam- ship —company, _ the Pacific Coast Steamship company and the Canadian Pacific railway‘s COdst1§LI\lLL Tlliesc ines operate fast and commodiot lmtistingp\ essels of 2000 to 3,000 tons burden and of the most up— —to—date on From Whitehorse to Dawson, a dis— tance of 460 miles, the journey is com— pleted on one of the fleet of light draft river steamers operated by the railway company, the type of steamer used on the Upper Y¥ukon is similar to that employed in the Canadian Pacific — railway ervice on _ the Arrow and Kootenay lakes hey are 170 feet in length, splendidly equipped and furnished and the passenger ac— commodations . compare _ favorably freight — traffic between Whitehorse an Dawson. owerful _ towboats haiidle cargoes varying from 300 to 500 tons according to the stage of wa‘ter. At the ports of Skagway, White— horse and Dawson, large wharves and freight sheds have been erected to facilitate the handling of cargoes and By WILLIAM TAYLOR % — General Agent for the White Pass and Yukon Company -!-isnst during the current season of naviga— tion, thus insuring a sta ility and uniformity of freight and passenger Practically a daily service is given to and from the coast cities. During the closed season of naviga— tion on the Yukon river, which ex— tends from November until 1 May, a re— lay stage line is operated over a gov— ernment constructed road, 330 miles long, from Whitehorse to Dawson on a tri—weekly schedule, connecting — at Whitehorse with the railway line and at Skagway with the ocean lines op— erating all the year round. This is said to be the best equipped winter stage line in the world. Large stages are used carrying 17 passengers and mail 'in(l express. ‘The rigs are drawn l)y four to six horses with rery twenty miles. : At thes stations comfortable hotels are main— ained for the comfort of the passen— m c Ircn,ht rigs are run by the stage company, and during tre last winter single pieces of machinery weighing six to seven tons each were transport— ed from Whitehorse to Dawson with— out the least mishap. Shooting Miles Canyon in Days of in addition immense cranes have been installed to handle the big shipnients of dredge 1n(l hydraulic mining ma— chinery. ease and dispatch with which thousands of tons of this class of freight have been handled during the past three years, would prove an object lesson to many transportation lines operating in older and more thickly settled communities. Via either route, through bills of lading are issued from Puget Sound and British Columbia ports to Daw— son, which is the distrihuting point for the outlying inining camps At the opéning of navigation each year, througn joint tariffs are issued by the various companies ating over each route. ‘These tarift's "ipply Steamer Gleaner 3 a. m. at Taku, s ‘98. So much for trunk lines connecting the country with the outside but fully as important and equally adequate are the facilities for handling the interior traffic and distributing supplies within the borders of the territory.. _ Small light draft steamers operating on the Yukon river and its tributaries, the Stewart, Pelly and Hootalinqua rivers, afford transportation facilities over upwards of 1,000 miles of navigable water, rctiching a vast extent of out— lying territo The \ukon also has 33 miles of railway extending to the creeks used solely for local traffic, or distributing purposes, within the borders of the Klondike camp, as well as over hun— dreds of miles of splendidly cor. structed government wagon roads radiating from Dawson in all direc— tions. The transportation lines now in op— cration, both through and local, are entirely adequate for all traffic at this writing and their equipment can read— ily be increased, on short notice, to take care of three or four times the present volume of business. However, with the rapid develop— ment of the mineral resources of the country, which is expected in the near future, direct railway connection with the outside may be looked forward to with a reasonable degree of certainty. In fact farseeing promoters® are al— ieady l'lylllg‘ their plang with this end in view DAWSON DAILY NEWS. Scenic Wonders of North Ideal Itinerary Into A Halcyon Land Trip among the F]ords of Southern Alaska and British Columbia and over the White Pass Route to the heart of the Yukon most exhilarating in the world———Nothing to equal this for ummer outing——Grandeur of Chilkoot Mountains and Upper Yukon lakes and rivers superb ——Health for all——Splendid steamer and rail accommodations to the heart of the gold fields. CURIOSITY no longer leads the recreation and health seeking world — to face the torrid coun— tries. Nature has kindly afforded more pleasant an healthful wonders of the north— mild ‘The, delicious treat, o fort, and with far more real profit to those who tra Those seel\ing ‘the Yukon in sum— mer escape not only the sweltering summers of the so—called temperate zone, but en]oy in the present a for all time in memory the delightful north coast archi— as green and charming for mo are the spring days of California or Elorida. S"uling through the many vernal islands of the stretch of thousand miles up the‘ Columbia and Alaskan coast, passing the endless scenes of mountain jutting into the sea, the traveller. beholds forest clad areas tumbling in tumultuous charm on every han Passmg interesting fishing villages, mining towns and other quaint towns, Bridge. Cantilever then riding delightfully in the open observation cars or the modern day the White Pass Rail— ‘same soft eoast the Bering Sea, it is found that the midnight sun is so constant, yet. so beneficent effect for weeks and weeks while, during the same period in the older provinces and states of the continent, scorching wmds and a merciless downpour o eat pros— —trate the populace. Almost as steady as the earth‘s rotation itself is the even climate, of the Yukon in sum— mer, and this is why the route over the ite Pass is ecoming _ so Here the vegetation and the foliage of the trees is green until rip— ened late in the In that ruddy glow and magnificence of color whieh quickens every soul to deep meditation and constant enjoy— men The muiist the big game hunter, the geologist, the scientist, the seek— rcof restored health, the lover C glimpses of pio life or virgin nature, with here 'ml there modern and metropolitan attributes to the re— re find the condi— de in almost inextricable confusion there well laid out city and com— mo 1ous wlnrs en the trains arrive from the north or the steamers from the sonth, hotel porters jostle each other in their noisy attcmpt to tions ideal se who desire in— attract passengers. usses are in vestment in a new country, such a readiness, and passengers arc rapid— "‘ @iingsmealine Iarerys — Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. country as affords ground floor op— ly driven to some of the well—equip— portunity, which yields the greatest ped hotels in the c profits from natur advancement, 3t passenger train leaves Skag— likewise find here an ideal field. way at & m., 'm £ rrives — at thousand miles from the Puget \VhitehOise at 4.30 s ¥he Journey ound or British Columbia centres across the hite ss is of of to—day takes the traveller to Skag— way. It is the trip par excellence of the American or any other continent. Travellers, who have visited all parts of the world and have admired scen— ery rendered immortal — by poetic genius, have freely admitted that the scenery along this unparalleled inland voyage not only equals but excels even the beautiful fjords of Norway and the \vondrons beauties of en aoe ol isles of Gre ronncial Bulletin No. 10 dcscrihes the trip along the (.OdSt of British Columbia as) fol ows “]<rce from the cares and co ventionalities of every—day life. nn(l breathing the very air of heaven it— self, you burst, like the ancient mar— iner, into an unl\nown sea filled with untold beauties, and sail over a bosom deen. r in past ancient Indian villages, — mediaeval glaciers, dark, solemn, pine—clothed shores, snow— capped peaks, dashing eataracts yawning mountain gorge‘ spouting monsters and sea—w elps— away to the north a thous’md miles almost, to mix with the icebergs that P unique scenic grandeur. chkly pass— ing from the railway yards at Skag— way, the railroad follows thc Skag— way river, passing through the can— yon, and then commences the ascent across the famous White pass. The distance from the bottom of the pass to the summit is 21 miles, and the altitude is 2952 feet. Clinging to the rocks the railway winds its way up the precipitous mountain sides; on one side a sheer wall of rock, on the other a yawning chasm through wlneh rushes a mountain — torrent. Across a high cantilever bridge, which was substitutec through several tunnels in this moun— the summit is reached several points on the road a splendid. k view is obtained of the Skagway val— ley, and on either side of the pass are serried and jagged rocky peaks, which stand out in bold defiance like the battlements of some ancient fortress. From the summit there is a gradual descent to the north and the scenery changes. Professor John Macoun, describing this part of the route, m yS "Here we were above the tree line, Whitchorse Rapids. once floated under the sovcreignty of the Czar of the Russias, but 1 drop peacefully from ancient glacmrs over which the American eagle holds watchful guard—a continuous pan— orama in. which the purest, the rarest, the wildest, the most beautiful and the grandest forms of nature are re— veale On the flats of Dyea and Skagway, which is reached in three or four days, the inultitudc of gold seekers landed during the great rush. Where shiploa(ls of supplies were piled up and balc mountain slopes, broken rocks, pools 0 ater _ and truly Arctic or high inounnin vegetation showed the climate to be cold, while the stunted or broken trees lower down indicated the immense snow— fall, which is clnracteiistic of the wh ole coast region "As desccnded towards Lake Bennett the vegetation rapidly chang— el, and stunted firs gave place to small spruce and the high mountain shrubs and herbaceous plants began to be replaced by forest species. m timber line is pass— . 1 "At Ca ribou crossnig, twenty—four changed and everything indicated genial climate." Describing the tract of country l)c- and _ Bennett, writer in 1899, says: "Here the val- eys narrow and here they widen ofut. begin to find the bogs; which in the fall of ‘97 destroyed 1700 h poor beast wh man over a route whic tended would never be crossed in any other way—a time when any talk of a proposed railroad was scoffed at and regarded as a good trail joke." he railway follows the east side of Lake Bennett to Carcross, at the foot of the lake. rom this pomt steam— ers run to Conrad, on indy Arm, where there are valuable quartz mines of ore There is quantities Rocky Point. . the country betwccn Caribou crossing and Whiteho From Caribou crossmg, the sxde trip can be made t bea ‘Atlin district, where placer mimng in its primitive and all its most modern forms can be seen. some of the most — extensive camps in the Yukon will be The ride from Caribou crossing to Atlin City is a veyage of wondrous be"iuty through an ever charming series of lakes, in whose clear, ‘blue \\aters is mirrored e _ snow—clad peaks and the pine cla(l s.~ Many remain on dec ight to drink in the beauties of this ench'mt d land, so er‘ the mi(]night sun. One por ge is made before reaching Atlin City. Splendid fishing for Arctic trout is aﬂ'orded on Takou inlet, and at Atlin miles from Atlin City the tourist wrll reach the big hydraulic, dredg other placer mining scenes The side trip to Atlin and back Caribou ll‘OsSlllg requires but two days, and is i treat of a lifetime. Resuming the trip by rail toward Dawson, Whitehorse is next reached, and there steamers takcn or the re— mainder of the journ tehorse, a mo l rn town, more fully dcscubcd elsewhere in this pub— terminus of the win— ter stage route from Dawson. Miles can)on and Whitehorse rapids are nly a short distance from White— ho se and are the scenes of ma any a wreck in the early days. Manv lives were lost in shooting this turbulent portion of the Lewes, which is well orth a visit "The distance from the head to the foot o fithc canyon is five—cights of a mile. ‘There is a basin 'll)out midway in it abcut 150 yards in diameter. ‘This basin is cireular in fo orm, with steep sloping sides about 100 feet high. The lower part of the canyon is much rougher to run through than the up— the fall bein much greater. _ ‘The sides are gener ally perpendicular, about 80 to 100 teet high, and consist of basalt, in some nlaces showing hexagonal col— llllll s5 lhc Whitehorse rapids are about three—cighths of a mile long. They are the mo\t dangerous rapids on the river and are confined by. low basaltic banks, \\l'ilCll at the foot suddenly close in and make the channel about thirt—— yards wic ei It is here the danger is a sudden ger 1i a drop : ind the w 1ter rushes through at . nendous rate, leaping and seetli— lll.\ like a cataract." (Ogilvie.) The tourist who does not desire to nter the field of sport, will come direct from Whitehorse to Dawson. a tre PAWSON DAILY NEW S. There is selendid scenery all along the rivei, and many picturesque and grand views; hig enches, gravel terraces, partially bare rounded hills, rock an old rampart—like Between Selkirk an aw— causing a swell below for a few yards. ‘The islands are composed of con glomerate rock similar to the cliffs on each side of the river, whence one would infer that there had been a fall here in past ages. son the n valley cuts through a "Six miles below these rapids are high undul'iting plateau. From the what are known as ‘Rink rapids.‘ © Lake Bennett. mouth of the Stewart to White river the ukon averages about a mile in vidth, and is filled with many beau— tiful slands. "Five Finger rapids are formed by several islands standing in the chan— nel, and backing up tlic water _ so much as to raise about a foot, This is simply a barrier of rocks, which extends from the westerly Side of the river about halfsway across.‘ Tourists and others who have vis— ited Dawson are agreeably surprised on seeing for the first time the olden Metropolis of the North. As the steamer swings around in the ¥Z stream, and gracefully steams along— side the wharf, the visitor is at once impressed by the long line of wharfs r M i unloaded from _ steamers, which may just have arrived from St. Michaels, on Bering sea, 1800 miles from awson, or from Whitehorse. Here, then, is Dawson, the enchanted the great gold center, the city of in— finite and multiplie charm, more fl(l]lly described elsewhere in this edit From Dawson it is but 15 minutes‘ walk to the nearest where stops are made allowmg op: portunities to get bird‘s eye view from the high elevation of the entire e prevailing in the Yukon valley in summer. 1c tem— perature is ideal and in shirt sleeves and with soft breezcs playing, the visitor cannot but enjoy the trip. Splendi(l wagon roads, hundreds of miles in aggregate, run through the O The hotels of Da\vson afford fine accommodation, with modern convenience, and visitors are seized with keen regrets that they must leave the Klondike as thcy take the splen— did steamers ow back up the Yukon, homeward bound. By JOHN GRANT, Member of Yukon lritish Columbia‘s Quartz Lesson to Yulron Council, Former Mayor of Victoria, B.C. I T is astonishing how much truth there is in the aphorism "History Repeats Itself." In British Columbia placer gold was discovered in 1857, which induced a great rush from Cali— fornia in the spring of the following year, culminating in the finding of Kootenay quartz mines was the sal— vation of Spokane by virtue of the large amount of supplies that were fur— nished from that point, besides the millions in cash that many of its citi— zens received on account of being owners in a number of the best pro— Star." in Southern —Yukon brother _ were the principal owners. The other — claims included "Noble Five," and the "Payne," which pro— duced a $100,000 dividend month for quite a long time, as well as Byron White, now interested copper, and very rich ground on William creek, Cariboo. The output of gold e men employed during the next few years was immense. Among the men miners who had experience in were mining quartz properties and who ],g\«rl that in a country where there so much placergold, that there be quartz ledges which would be‘ The country had leal e \\/()ll tional boundary line. there were in British Columbia at that But fortunately time a modicum of optimists. I am pleased to state that I was one. The optimists were satisfied that the pro— vince had a great future in hard rock production. _ It is true lio“e,ver that it was not until the middle ‘80‘s that it was cstal)lished that British Colum— d vast possil)ilities in the itable quartz mining. About iat time the writer and others —in— many tens of tllOllSllli‘lS of dollars in quartz properties in the Kootenay district of British Columbia. That district since has produced many millions of dollars, and is still contin— ting to do so. 1d be found north of the interna— The production .of the— perties. For instance, Col. Peyton, Col. Turner and Senator Turner made vast fortunes out of the celebrated "Le Roi" which was sold for over Six millions of dollars. In 1894 the writer met Col. Peyton at ‘Trail. ‘The colonel had with him a satchel full of Le Roi ore which he was taking to spokane. Peyton, with his associates, were the third parties who had taken a bond on the property, as the other parties had given up their bonds.. At that time, one dollar shares could have been bought at ten cents. ‘Then there was the Halls mines on mountain, the very valuable "Slocan many other properties that could be We have here with us several men who were instrumental in the devel— opment of Kootenay. Among the early ones who pael\e(l on their backs a blanket and grub is w. J. alliot, who in 1889 discovered several valu— able quartz mines in the Slocan coun— try and who is engaged in the same line in this territory hen, there is the great boundary country, immediately north of the in— ternational boundary and lying be— tween the mountains that skirt the Columbia river on the west and those that bound the Fraser on the east. In that part of the prounce is located the largest smelter which is operated in Canada, its importance can be ap— preciated when it is stated that the profits derived during the year before last through its operation exceeded $1,940,000. _ ‘The value of the minerals produced in British Columbia from quartz, yearly, is many times that which was gotten from placers in the palmy days of the province Having resided in British Columbia over thirty—eight years, and having traveled over the most of it, I am firmly of the opinion that the condi— tions existing in the Yukon ‘Territory are as favorable for many great quartz camps as~ any _portion . of British Columbia.. What is needed in the Yukon to establish quartz values is money, money. — Three: or four decades ago, one could sell a quartz prospect for a large sum. t these days. One must show a c.lpital- ist that quantity as well as values are in sight before he will part with his cash. The very rich gravel mines found in this territory called the attention of miners away from quartz, but just as sure as a qutiit/ era was brought into existence in British Columbia will repeat itself in the British history Yukon, and in the near future the latent mineral bearing veins and ledges of this territory will again spread its fame to every corner of the globe. $# DAWSON DAILY NEWS. A Word About the Yukon People By REV. A. G. SINCLAIR, D.D., Ph.D., Pastor of St. Andrew‘s Presbyterian Church, Dawson HE editor of the Dawson News T thinks that the good people of the "Outside." as the Yukoner ex— pressively designates all the rest of world, entertain some very queer —and curious ideas about the life and character of the citizens of the ”?(ukon. And so he has asked the writer to state fairly and candidly his impres— sions of their moral, intellectual and social calibre. he "outside" reader may, perhaps,. be pardoned these strange ideas. |It is quite natural to think of the folk who inhabit an out—of—the—way place as out—of—the—way people. An'd the ideas that most of the world still has about the Yukon and it.s people have writer has more than s been asked by intelligent people with whem he corresponds, to describe 'the kind of people among whom he lives, just as if they belonged to some strange ce. And sometimes, expected to knock up against the raw— est kind of life. He thought that a sweater would be of infinitely more service than a white—shirt, to say nothing of a dress suit; and that the last traces of culture and refinement would be left behind when he was out of sight of Vancouver. And as for the Yukoner himself, he thought of him as a man who, not content with the ordinary vices of civiliza— tion, had invented several of his own. But the visitor from the "Outside" soon finds that the people of the Yukon are not so very different from what they are anywhere else, and that cerned, he finds this out at once. He soon begins to feel that the little town of Dawson lying up near the Arctic Circle, yet with all the con— veniences of a large city, is one of the most wonderful places in the world. tastefully and often almost luxuriously furnished, and he would find every— o find many comfortable little homes out on the creeks where ini i And when a place but that they were above the average in education and intelligence. In short, the life of Dawson wou!l prove far more interesting and lively than that of an ordinary American town of far larger population, and> more like that of a city on a small scale. : Comparisons are odious, habit of making them none of the best; so the writer will not try to andl the , draw any elaborate comparisons be— tween the people of the Yukon and those of the rest of the continent. But he would just like to say that, taking the ‘Yukon people all in all, he has never known a finer lot of folk. There is a kindliness and as open— hearted generosity about them that wins your heart. he gold of the Klondike has brought them in here but there is no sordid love of money in theit make—up. "It isn‘t the gold Rev. A. G, Sinclair. they are after so much as just find— ing the gold." Nor are they, on the average, a wealthy people, for nug— gets are not to be picked up by the way—side even in the Yukon, and those who have struck it very rich are few and far between. But they are the most generous people in the world have. ey are a they must be any cause that claims their support is a good once convinced of this, they give their money cheerfully and liberally. They will give you a five dollar bill while an Easterner would hesitate whether to give you five cents or a quarter. And about the women of the Yukon. ‘There are a goodly number of them here to—day. Some of them came in in the early days, sharing all the hardships of the trail with their husbands; others have come in since at the call of husband or sweetheart. are a brave lot and have the "right kind of stuff" in their make—up. To them the Yukon owes a great debt. ‘They have refined and human— ised the rough life of pioneer days and elevated and purified the social tone of the country. _ know some of them and to be welcomed in their homes has kept many a young man. f en w well be proud. If the test of any people is the respect paid to womanhood, Dawson and the rest of the Yukon need not be ashamed. It is saying little to say that ~a woman may traverse the streets of Dawson by night or day without even the suspicion of insult. «agrees with them, and they m seen out on the coldest day in the winter. — ‘They like the country and if they are taken outside for a visit, they never forget to tell you how glad they® are to get again. They are—unusually bright, active and mortality among them w. — Winter and sum— mer they are made happy by the fine outdoor ‘sports of the country, and their education is looked after in the finest of public schools. They are, as a rule, frank and well—spoken, with attractive manners, and lacking in self—consciousness or rudeness. ‘They tell a story of a high standard of home life. Intellectually, the:people of the Yukon need fear comparison with none. — The inhabitant . of Dawson, and the average miner on the creeks is a man of force and of intelligence and of good education. There are man ave . taken courses in higher institutions of learn— ing. It has a rule men of vigor of mind as well as of body, who have felt the spell of the Yukon. The little town of Dawson, for in— stance, has within it men and women of unusual talent. It might be thought that winfter in Dawson would be unusually long and dull. But this is the case. Beside the fascination of our winter sports and such goodly And they will give a speaker who has anything to say worth listening to as, attentive and appreciative a hear— ing as he can get in any town in the world. ‘The people, too, both in town and on the creeks, are voracious readers. ‘The handsome i library of Dawson with its stocked shelves is well patronised. And though, as elsewhere, the great majority of the books read are fiction, ese are generally of the best class. But the library reports also show that the books on science, literature, soci— ology, etc., have a very wide number of readers. he writer might have mentioned many other good qualities of the people of the Yukon. He might have told how they rarely ever lock their doors, for they are a very honest peo— ple; of their courage and enterprise, for these are moral qualities too. And, if he were in a less kindly mood, he might have said something about their vices. ‘But he, will only men— For he does not want to give the "Outside" the impression that the Yukon is Heaven, and that its people have already succeeded in growing If they had the writer would not be living among them. For one thing, he might not feel at home; and for another there would be noth— ing in his line for him to do. ‘There are many things in Dawson and in the Yukon that he would like to see changed. — And, like a good citizen, he hopes to live for the honor of his city, and do some little thing to make it better.‘ But take them all in all, as poor mortals go in this imperfect world, he never expects to work among a kinder, better, braver people. domeuaceunireastlatel t es DAWSON DAILY NEW S. Forestry and Coal Areas of the Yulron Territory By D. D. CAIRNES, B.Sc., M.E. (By permission of the Director of the Geological Survey Branch of the Department of Mines of Canada.) O much has, of late, been said and written concerning the preser— vation of our forests, and the rapidly approaching time when all the known deposits of coal will have become ex— hausted, that in tre eating of ~t forestry and coal areas of the Yukon, it will not be nee essary to emphasize the vital importance of these natural resources for the welfare of the dis— trict; as they are quite as essential factors in the industrial advance. of these northern and somewhat sparse— ly settled districts as they are of the more populous portions of the con— tinent. As extensive portions of the Yukon Territory, which embraces 207,076 sq. miles, are as yet bu ightly or al— together, Dawson mines. It is never tall, how— ever, seldom giving a trunk that will produce two 16 ft. lengths for fire— woo most widely distributed shrub is the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) which occurs chiefly on the highe hills and ridges above timber Along the river banks alder, Willows and briar—rose are abundant. So it will be seen that the timber of the Yukon is limited, but there is, however, c01151derable practically everywhere, except in a few localities where there has been a heavy drain upon it, such as in the vicinity of Daw— son and along the river banks from Whitehorse to Dawson. But nowhere are the forests of the dense nature concerning its timber 1sS very 1mper- fect, but as far as is known, the dis— trict is generally wooded and the forest consists of eleven spccies which attain the dimensions of trees. ‘These are uhite spruce (Picea alba), black sprt (Picea nigra), balsam fir (:\bies subalpina), black pine (Pinus Murryana), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), aspen (Populus tremu— loides), three species of birch, and some species of willows (Salix). . The white spruce is the most wide— ly distributed and most useful tree in the Yukon and is found of fair, to good, quality in all the valleys and lowlands. makes a fair grade lumber and is well suited for purposes of construction generally. t is seen at its best on the islaads and alluvial flats of the main rivers where it forms fine groves of easily accessible mer— chantable _ timber. groves are small, as a rule, but the . aggregate amount of good spruce timber which they contain is considerable. trees measuring one to— two diameter occur in most places and, in i few localities, individuals have been a0ted which measured three feet, and logs 60 ft. long with a diameter of one foot at the smaller end can be ob— :ained. Up the slopes of the valleys, the white spruce, under favorable con— litions, continues to be a fine forest ree, but decreases in size toward the weads of the rivers, where it generally loes not exceed 8 inches in diameter. [n the Klondike district timber only —xtends to 3500 ft. above sea—level, but n some other portions of the Yukon t reaches as high as 4700 f Balsam fir which is, in places as arge as 18 inches in diameter is next n importance to the white spruce and ccurs only in high valley bottoms ind on mountain slopes, and appears o thrive best at about 1200 ft. above he main valleys, Gecreasing in size ibove and below this elevation Black pine is fairly abund’mt in cer— ain localities in the southern Yukon ind occurs chiefly in swampy portions f the valleys, on moss covered slopes acing the north, and, in thin groves, ipon dry benches bordering the rivers :t 40 to 300 ft. above the water. How— wver, it is not an lmportant forest ree, being generally only $ nches, and seldom over 9 inches in id gF. ll"lll‘licel poplar grows on . islands and Iluvial flats of—the main rivers and s seen in all stages of growth from small shrub to a considerable forest ree. ie aspen are found over a arge portion of the Yukon Territory are especially characteristic of open, grassy hillsides. ‘Three h have also been not— ‘d. two of which are in most places .nly poles but the third (Betula re(&‘iin fera) is sometimes 8 inches in 11;;1 neter and has supplie ed a considera 4 e rortion of the fuel consumed in the o the south as in British Columbia and in Eastern Canada. The thin growth is probably due to the permanently frozen ground just below the forest floor in most parts of the territory. Concerning the mineral resources of this immense territOiy our informa— tion is of a y fragmentary nature, and this is p'lrticularly true regarding coal, which naturaliy has received much less attention at the hands of prospectors than the precious metals. However, anthracitic and bituminous coals and lignites have been found in the _ Jura— Cretaceous and | Tertiary rocks of th ukon ‘Territory at numerous pomts along the Lewes and Yukon rivers and their tributaries the Klon— dike and Indian rivers and Coal creek and three mines have been opened up, and a certain amount of work has been performed in other places. How— ever, the known occurrences of coal are nearly all along the waterways, where the more detailed invcstigations have been made. In fact very little prospecting has been conducted away from the main lakes and rivers so that, in all probability, further exploration will show a considerable extension of the coal—bearing horizon. The Sour Dough mine is situated 12 miles up Coal creek from where it joins the Yukon river, 50 miles below Dawson. Here are a number of good workable seams of lignite, up to 12 feet thick, which have peen worked to some extent, during the past few years and from which a few thousand tons have been shipped to Dawson. ‘There is also a 6 foot seam of good lignite about 20 miles from Dawson branch of Rock creek, a tributary of the Klondike. Also some seams of coal have recently been reported . to have been discoverea on Indian river. These are all believed to occur in rocks of ‘Tertiary Age which have an extensive development to the west and southwest of the above mentioned lo— calities. ‘The Tantalus mine is situated on the left limit of the Lewes river, 190 miles downstream from _ Whitehorse and about midway between the latter and Dawson. ~At this mine, three seams of bituminous, coking coal have been developea, averaging per— haps, 7 feet 6 inches, 6 feet 6 inches, and 3 feet in thickness, which have been mined for several years and from on Tantalus good, clean coal 8 feet 10 inches 9 feet 10 inches and 7 feet have been prospected to some extent. These same measures which are of Jura—Cretaceous Age were found outcropping for sev— eral miles to the north and south of Tantalus Butte and Tantalus, respec— tively, and are believed to be exten— sively developed to the south and southwest of the latter. Five Fingers Trom the ":7 me years thc company has been chiefly engaged O an ptoperty Thc widest seam here is about 4 feet thick and is a good bit— uminous cookin A few miles soutliwest of White— horse several seams of anthracitic coal have been discovered. two o which are 9 feet 8 inches and 10 feet 4 inches thick respectively. Deposits of lignite are also known to exist in the Kluane district to the west of Whitehorse, and prospectors report having found numerous valu— Locality. Sour Dough Mine—Average of scow lodds .. uoun en nmipeecrefir h. . ‘Tantalus Mine, from adit where seam was 6ft. 6in., thick ‘Lantalus Bu 8ft. se Five Fingers Minc—2ft. seam Whitehorse anthracite, average 9ft. pitmiseant io ho a aa ud se d sn . able coal seams in this localit So iudging from the wide distriuution of the coal bearing formations it is be— lieved that extensive portions of the Yukon ‘Ferritory are underlain by valuable coal deposits thus to some extent counterbalancing the lack of the more valuable forests with which vature has endowed other parts of Canada. sor more detailed information con— cerning the coals of the Yukon the reader is referred to the writer‘s re— ports on the Yukon ‘Territory for the past three years published by the Geo— logical Survey Branch of the Depart— ment of Mines of Canada. ‘The following are a few analyses of Yukon coals: Volatile _ Fixed Water. Coni ible Carbon. . Ash atter 14.46 33 .94 40. 52 11.08 0.76 24.74 58.60 15.90 13.64 31.83 51.84 2.69 5.95 40 .46 45.16 8.43 2.13 6.01 69.86 21.98 Needs By J. T. ROSMAN, President of Dawson Board of Trade. LGoods Yulkon Territory ’I‘HE history of merchandising in the Yukon would show many failures since the time of the discovery of gold in the Klondike, and while many causes contributed to this end, the only one which I wish to consider at this time is the fact that many, if not all of the business houses of the outside seemed to consider that this country was providentially opened up mping ground for all the shop:— worn, unsaleable goods; the experi— ments, junk, trash and such which they had accumulated up to that time. A more discerning knowledge of the needs and demands of the country on the part of the merchants and a grow— John T. Rosman, Prcsident Dawson Board of T ing I‘C'lllZal.lOIl of the value of this trade on the part of the jobbers has l)rought about a very different view this country and its trade. _ ‘The shipinents into this country for the ast two years have been about 25,— 000 tons each year of which some 5,000 tons have been dredge material, hydraulic pipe and other appliances for hydraulic mining. ‘The people here demand the very best that can be had, not only in the line of provisions and oods, which make up the larger part of the shipments into the country, but also the machinery must be of the We have learned that the freight which is a large item in the cost of goods here, is no more on a first class article than on an inferior one, and a territory that consumes 25,— 000 tons of high class merchandise annually is not to be overlook any up—to—date jobber who is so sit— uated as to handle any part of this business. To attempt to forecast the future of trade here is difficult. We have been going through a period of de— pression, but we are hopeful that the worst of that is past. If — quartz should be found within the next year in such quantity and quality as to justify \\orking on a large scale it might result in largely increased ship— ments, perhaps doubling the amount shipped now. arger operations in agricultural lines would call for ad— ditional goods suited to that work. However, business operations must be governed largely by actual existing conditions rather than by dreams of what may come to pass, and the busi— ness houses of today want facts from which they will draw their own conclusions. n the main the business of this country is well looked after by the jobbers on the outside, but I would say to the wholesale trade: Are you keeping in touch with the trade in the Yukon and looking out for your share of it? Are you filling orders promptly, and with a knowledge of freight rates and conditions generally in shipping here, which enable you to onsult the interests of your cus— tomers? Are you sending in lists of shorts at the end of the season which mean to the merchant at this end that he will be out of those same articles until the following year? We ask you to find out about us and our country, and act for us, and we will talk for you. Co—operation makes for good feeling all around. We are look— ing forward to a bright and prosper— season, and, although the pessi— mist is still with us and ever will be, we trust that there are men enougli of back—bone here to make things go ahead. . We ask you to do your best for us here in the North, and we will do our best to pay one hundrcd cents on the dollar 'md to send the yellow metal out fo you.‘ ol a DAWSON DAILY NE W S. LAND TITLES OFFICE By NAPOLEON LALIBERTE, Registrar of Titles for Yukon Showing Security of Property in Yukon —Virtually a Torrens System HE Yukon Territory is consti— tuted a special land registration district, known as The Yukon Land Registration District. ‘The office of such registration district is called the Land Titles Off: The business of the office is conducted by an officer appointed by the governor—in—council and called the registrar. No person: is appointed registrar unless he is a barrister of at least three years‘ stand— ing in one of the provinces of Canada. he registrar has a seal of office approved by the governor—in—council with which he seals all certificates of title. He stamps all instruments which are presented to him for regi— stration, showmg the day, hour and affirmation or declaration respecting titles to land. The Land Titles Office is kept open on all days, except Sundays and, legal holidays, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. stration relating to lands for which a certificate of title has ‘been issued or an application made, with the day, hour and minute of its being given in. For the purpose of priority between mortgages, transferees and others, the time so entered shall be taken as the time of registration. Unless required to do so by order of a court or judge, the registrar shall not receive or enter in the day—book any instrument, until the duplicate certificate of title for the land affected is produced to him so as to enable him to enter the proper memorandum on such duplicate cer— tificate. ‘There are some exceptions to that rule——for instance, a duplicate against liens, transfers by a sheriff or muni— cipal officer, a caveat, or order of a (b) transfers on sales of judge; lands for t ew other cases. The registrar keeps a book or books, which are called the registers, and enters therein all certificates of title, records therein the particulars of all instruments, dealings and other matters required to be registered and affecting the lands included in such certificates of title. On every transfer of ownership, the certificate of title of the transferrer and the duplicate thereof is cancelled and the certificate of title of the transferee is thereupon entered upon a new folio in the register. Every instrument is deemed and taken to be registered so soon as the same has been marked by the registrar or so soon as a memo— randum of it has been entered in the The registrar retains in his d _ instrument. Plans, leases, mortgages and encumb— rances, powers of attorney, trans— issi executions, sheriff‘s sales, sales for taxes, caveats etc., are regi— stered in the nner. . The registrar may, whe ver a question arises regarding performance of any duty or as to the true construction or legal validity of any instrument, étc., refer the same to the judge, and the judge, having regard to the evidence 8 to 2 ol ol t adduced, before him, shall decide the question or direct any proceedings to be instituted for that purpose. There is an Assurance Fund to guarantee the titles. ‘That is to say: fter a certificate of title has been granted for any land, any person de— prived of such land in consequence of fraud, or by the registration of any other person as owner of such land, or in consequence of any fraud, error, omission or misdeseription in any certiﬁcate of: title or any memorandum thereon, or the dupli— cate thereof, or otherwise, may bring and prosecute an action at law for the amages against the whose application the erroncous registration was made, or ho acquired title through such error aud. 2o =) If the person against whom the action for damages is directed to be brought as aforesaid, is dead. or can— not be found within the territory, an action for damages may be brought against the registrar as nominal de—‘ fendant, for the purpose of recover— ing the amount of the said daniages and costs against the said assurance fund. In any such case if ﬁnal Judgment is recovered and w action as aforesaid,. and the sheriff makes a return of ulla bona, or certifies that any, portion thereof, with costs awarded, cannot ‘be recovered from such person, the minister of finance, on receipt of a certificate of the judge before whom the action was tried, shall pay the amount of such damages and costs as are awarded, or the uncovered balance thereof, as the case may be, ‘and shall charge the same to the account of the assur— ance fund. person sustaming loss or or any of his officers, in the execution of their respective duties, who is barred from bringing an action of ejectment or other action for the action against the registrar as nomi— nal defendant, for the recovery of damages. "If the plaintiff recovers final judg— ment against such nominal defend— ant, the judge before whom suc action is tried shall certify to the fact of such judgment and the amount of the damages and costs recovered,. and the minister of finance shall pay the amount thereof out of the assur— ance fund to the person entitled on production of an exemplification or certified _ copy of the judgment rendered. Totice in writing of— every such action, and the cause thereof, shall be served upon the Attorney—General fund, unless the same is commenced tion is almost perfect PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF YUKON TERRITORY By T. G. BRAGG, Superinten— .dent of Schools for the Territory UBLIC schools were instituted in Yukon ‘Territory as soon as it appeared that a permanent settlement of families had been established. From the first the administration of all schools has been vested solely in the a population of twelve children of school age could be found within the necessary radius to permit of attend— ance. Creek schools have been cor stantly maintained at all points where conditions at all justified their being =l Key Teily Nce Doi 927 New Public School, Dawson. territorial government, without refer— ence to any local board or munici— ality. No school tax, local or terri— torial, has ever been leVied but liberal provision for a schools has been made annually in the appropriation voted by the Yukon council. The school ordinance of the then Northwest Territories of Canada, out of which the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan have since been creat— ed, was adopted practically without change as the basis for the organiza— tion of Yukon schools, and the course of studies for these territories was also adoptcd in all grades up to the high school Schools have been intained not established and have never been clos— ed unless the average daily attend— ance fell below seven. ‘The instances have not been few in which the per capita cost of creek schools has run as high as $300 per annum, and in or two instances the per capita cost amounted to about $350 per an— num, wher st of maintaining alse hool of eight pupils for one year was about $2800. T liberality of the Yukon government in providing educational facilities for a sparse and rapidly shifting population may thus be gauge oreover, in localities where the school population has never reached the required minimum, the \p only in the more populous centres, such as Dawson, \Vhitehorse and Bonanza, but also on all creeks where a t has granted very sub— stantial aid for “Ass1sted Schools," so that not even a few children might suffer the absolute deprivation of Q(lllC’lllOll ll advantages. The but one sectarian school in the territory, Roman— Catholic separate school, known as St. Mary‘s school, at Dawson, founded during the administration of Commissioner Ogilvie, and maintained out of public funds. ‘This school has two teachers. ‘The school at Whitehorse is a nice— ly finished two—roomed building. ‘The principal is a graduate of ‘Toronto university, whose classes include ele— mentary high school work as well as the higher public school grades ~His assistant is a lady specialist in prim— ary work with a first class certificate. ‘The Dawson public school building is an eight—room building, erected in 1901 at a cost of about $45,000:— In this school, facilities are provided for each in charge of an experienced specialist. The high school depart— ment uses three rooms, in these branches. The highest—classes are in charge of two honor graduates of Cambridge and ‘Foronto. Several graduates from the Dawson high school have matriculated into ‘Toron— to university, honors being awarded to some of them in several branches. A few are pursuing their studies in arts, law or engineering at ‘Toronto, Chic'lgo and Ann Arbor. Though the Yukon schools always have been managed directly by the f territorial government, politics never have been allowed in any way to affect their administration.. In making Free Library, Dawson. the teaching of all grades up to honor. matriculation into Toronto llanCI‘Slty ln(lU- required for the public school grades, l l 2 s I a i g 1 . I : 4j 4 1 . 7 ( — j i d . appomtnients of teachers, particular— ly in all permanent centers, the sole consideration has been that of merit. l and successful experience, so that, as. n ar as possible, engaged in the various departments. only specialists are. bDAwWSON DAILY NEW 8. 21 FIRE PR OTECTION IN DAWSON By JAMES A. LESTER, Chief of Fire Department, Dawson, yAT. "\\VSO\T Yukon Territory, €ith POpulation fluctuating around 5000, is a level town with the excep— tion of the extreme outskirts, present— ing no serious obstacle to the move— ment of fire apparatus. ‘The citizens are justly proud of their streets, par— ticularly of those in the mercantile district. _ ‘The principal streets are macadannzed with a cement clay taken om the hills back of the city. —‘This cl'iy makes a splendid surface, pack— ing hard and smooth, and has the great virtue of being praetically dust— less. All streets are etectric lighted, by tle Dawson City Electric Light & Power company‘s plant, the service being supplied by contract with the local government. ‘This company sup— plies light and power to the city gen— erally, besides transmitting to the sur— rounding creeks a certain quantity of power for mining purposes. ‘The city government has been generous in the building of sidewalks, and any part of the city may be reached on a good board walk. ‘The sanitation and health of the city has been given a great deal of attention, and many thousands of dollars have been expended in pro— viding and maintaining a first class sewerage system of a permanent char— acter. One of the first questions asked by the business man seeking investment for his capital is: "What sort of fire protcctinn do you provide?" If the own is wooden, that is mostly of wooden construction, the answer to that question would be of vital im— portance the prospective in— vestor‘s point of view. If, for var— ious reasons, he is unable to secure in— surance, he feels that he is at least able to minimize the chances of loss by building up an efficient fire depart— ment. In the early days of the town stock values were necessarily very high. This condition was due largely to the lack of transportation facilities and the risk incidental to bringing goods into an entirely new country. _ Con— sequently the stocks carried by Daw— son business houses represented many times the value of stocks on the outside. ‘This, as wel as the fact that insurance companies had not as yet entered the field, aroused the citizens to the necessity of providing an efficient fire depart— ment for the protection of their lives and property. _ In few hours the _ sum of $20,000 was raised by subscrip— tion and an engine and hose tele— graphed for. ‘This apparatus was the nucleus of the present department. This policy of fire protection has been faithfully adhered to from that time, with the result that today Dawson has a modern, up—to—date fire depart— \ ment, the cqual if not the superior, of : any town its size in America. ‘The fire i fighting apparatus of the department consists of three steam fire engines, one double sixty gallon Champion | chemical engine, one hook and ladder truck, one combination chemical and : hose wagon, and ten thousand feet of cotton rubber lined hose. Fire depart— ment headquarters, situated on First avenue in the center of the mercantile district is a steam heated, elect lighted, modern structure two an — one—half stories in height, erected at a cost of some $30,000. _ It is fitted c with all modern lmDTOVCmenti sucn as automatic door openers, "Hale quick hitching harness, sliding poles P andCall such. ‘The apparatus and property of the departmcnt represents an expenditure of $70,00 The water supply for domestic and : fire purposes is obtained from the lsl Klondike river and is ample for a city many times the size of Dawson. It i always pure and coof, coming as it does from the eternnlly snow _ clad hills. ‘The water is distributed through a system of wooden, wire wound pipes, by high duty Reidler pumps, having a capacity tested to supply eight one an one—quarter — inch amination, and changes and altera— ions ordered where conSidered neces— sary. Twenty—four hours is in ., o hico! S A m this preventive branch of the service, a large reduction in the number fires is noticeable, with a consequent small fire loss. For the year 1907, the 0 e come to Dawson with the settled con— viction, that it is necessary for them to submit to all sorts of inconveni— nces. ‘Those who have been here know that such is not the case. ‘They are agreeably surprised to find a town modern and up—to—date as regards pub— lic utilities, with commodious electrie c streams, with a pressure at the hydrant of from 140 to 160 pounds. Hydrants in the business district are distributed so that hose lines three hundred feet in‘length overlap. Duting the winter season, special precautions have to be taken to pre— vent the system freezing. . All water pumped into the mains passes through a heater, supplied with steam from 500 horsepower Babcock and Wilcox boilers. ‘The temperature of the water is raised by this means to not less than forty degrees above freezing, at farthest point of delivery, circulation being always prOVided for by certain regulated overflows in the system. hinged lid, and arouna each hydrant is fitted an electric heater. s a re— sult of these precautions we have had but one frozen hydrant in our experi— ence of yea The Dawson City Water:& Power company supplies the water service under contract, and assumes all re— sponsibility for its efficiency under any and all circumstances. y the terms of the contract, the chief of the fire department is judge of the effi— ciency of the service, and any failure to comply with the contract is suffi— cient cause for its cancellation. ‘The fire alarm is automatic: and is supple— mented by a first class telephone ser— vice. There‘is a good distribution of street alarm boxes, especially in the mercantile district. Comprehensive by— laws respecting fire limits, the preven— tion of fires, and the erection and re— oval of buildings, are in force. ‘The "National Electrical Code" is included in, and forms a part of these by—laws. ‘They provide also for the appointment of the chief of the fire department as fire marshall and inspector of electri wiring I‘or the last seven years, special at— tention has been paid to what we call the inspection work of the department. Every building within the fire limit is visited at least once a month, and a written report made of its condition, partieularly as to the means of hea ing and lighting and the class of oc— cupancy. very stove, furnace and smoke pipe is subject to a rigid ex— King Street from Post Office, Dawson. total fire loss amounted to $2,275, and for the year 1908 to but $637. Pro— perty to the value of hundreds of thou— sands of dollars has been protected by insurance. Up to date, losses paid total less than $45,000 for the last seven years. Tourists and . visitors lighted and steam heated hotels, hav— ing rooms supplied with every mod— ern convenience and luxury. And the e]iniate, some call it the "Spell of the North,‘ its attractiveness is such that having once experienced it, they are loath to leave. Brief Review of the Many Large eform They Wo New Ways in the Klondike ukon and the Eleetrically-Driven Elevators and redge and Hydraulic Operations in the rk in Min CORES of entensive large—method mining plants have been in— stalled in the Klondike since the re— gion began to evolve from the conditions of individual The investment in dredg draulic equipment has reached many millions, and this of enterprise seems scar ely more than begun. In connection with the dredges ex— tensive outlay has been necessary for steam and water power plants, 0: generation of electricity, with wnicr' the dredges are driven. For eacn hy— draulic plant long ditch lines often are necessary, necessitating in muny instances extensive outla or pipe material or siphons, to say nothing of the need of hydraulic giants ind the other parts aside from lumber for ﬂllmCS, pensto cks uch. The style of eIectrically driven eievatcrs or lifts for handling ta Lings f:cm ground being worked hy— dravlic on the creek bott »ins als o calis mechanical equipment. The framework of the lift is entirely of steel, and carries a steel bucket line similar to a dredge, and is equipped with two large centrifugal pumps to each lift, for handling of o the tailing water from the sum boxes. 1 washing the gravel down to the lifts are akin to the hydraulic plants used in the operations The electrical equipinent for con— e of the biggest items of expense. Lines from quarter of a mile to sixty miles long are installed conveying power, and a camp cost bines or steam plants. Some of the dredges are supplied with power from steam boilers aboard the craft, but the larger concerns have their steam or water power P panies branching out are planning conducted over hills and valleys Witli copper wires. In some instances there are plans to generate power at the coal mines, so as to avoid hauling the coal, and to transmit the power wire direct from the mines to the‘ place of consumptio The many new hill rou or— ganized for working on hydraulic plans will be demanding much more new equipment before long. Flumes, ditch line and pipe line material and giants and such will come into demand as a consequence prospecting of the dredge ground also makes a demand for more modern equipment, in the way of large drilling machines. ‘The Key— stone drill is the favorite for this purpose in the Yukon, and no less of Dawson. e drills cost, laid at Dawson, $3,000 to $4,000 The dredges in use in the Klondike n the average $14 $150,000 each completed on the spot ready for st lrting Of t cost ap— —third is represented cavy w an stati ons add to the quantity of equipment m terially. In connection to each such line also is the generating equipment in form of dynamos driven by tur— in the purch'ise price of the machin— ery at the factories. The remainder is for lumber, transportation and labor, es DAWSON DAILY NEW 8. FLOWERS OB (THE: YUKON By MARTHA MUNGER BLACK. 'I‘ O the stranger without our gates _ the flora of the Yukon consists chiefly of golden nuggets to be found cosily nestled at the grass roots, and when told that from May first to October first we have an ever vary— ing ever blooming flora differing but little from that of the temperate zones elsewhere, our statements are quite apt to be met with an incredulous smile and uplifted brov Always a lover of the beautiful in beauty to be found among our hills and valleys. o be sure we have three months when daylight is short and warmth out of doors is a stranger to us, but, aside from that period our climate is not only. as mild and pleas— ant, but far more desirable than that of many of our coast or inland cities. Frost is frost wherever it is found, and that of sixty degrees below zero can freeze no harder than that of zero. In April and May when the valleys and hillsides are covered With beautiful blossoms that and yellows in October, no lover of the beautiful can fail to award this country the palm for V’triety and luxuriance of its wild flower ly in March the first li'irbingcrs of spring are to be found in the form of the soft willow buds, or "Pussy Will Yous," as a tiiiy little friend of must perforce be content with these dainty pieces of down, but from the: early weeks in April there will be no limit to the floral surprises to be found in this golden Yukon. N rocky pile must be deemed too for— bidding, for oft times sheltered by the sun kissed sides of some giant‘s foot— o y the dainty Pasque flower (Anemone Nuttalliana) so commonly found in May in the valley of the Canadian Rockies in and around Banff. ‘The flowers are very like the ordinary garden crocus in appearance, save as they are pro— tected from the frost and inclement weather by a soft hairy down. he peculiarity of this member of the Ranunculaceae or Crowfoot family is the growth of the foliage after the flower has blossomed. As the purple Dahlias Grown in Dawson. sepals fade and fall, the seeds form and then the head presents a beautiful plumose appearance for to each seed is attached a long silky tail, the whole forming a pretty feathery tuft. Closely following the Pasque flower I have found eleven other members of the Ranunculaceae family varying in size and color from the tiny yel— low Water Crowfoot commonly found skirting the edges of ditches and pools, to the long fruited Anemone with its dainty blossom of white shad— ing into delicate greens and blues. Next after these flowers are to be found the blossoms that later will bear the edible fruits in such pro— fusion, among them being the straw— berry, currant, raspberry, green, blueberry, salmon berry and three varieties of the cranberry. he dwarf cranberry, to my taste, is much more desirable for table use than the Cape Cod berry considered so fine in the Stat From now on it is difficult to note the exact order of floral arrivals in this garden of the wilderness, for new beauties are added to new beauties each day in the most be‘vildering But we will find the Shoo ing Star early in May, a a blush touching its waxen bloom,. that the local appellation of wild Begonia seems far more appropriate than the plebian word "shin." ‘The violet too, in her modest retreat must not be forgotten, for she nods at us from many shady dells clad some— times in white, again in yellow, and again in the lovely color to which she has given her name One year not .so long ago, it was my delight to make a systematized collection of the flora to be nd about Dawson, and within a limited time and area I had four hundred and thirty—seven varieties, so that I cannot doubt the statement made by that well known Canadian botanist, Professor Macoun, that there are over three thousand varieties of plant life in the Y¥ukon ‘Territory alone. In June whole acres of ground ar covered with wild rose bushes, while blossoming in close proximity will be found the dainty blue bell giving a beautiful color combination of pinks, blues and greens that seem to reflect eir opaline shades not only in the aters beneath but in the skies above, while the midnight sun may be seen majestically circling the far distant snow capped mountain peaks. 4 are so many lovely flowers, to say nothing of the many varieties of bracken and ferns, while the far famed northern mosses must have due mention, that it seems almost like But in an article of this sort where space must be considered, I will merely name the more common vari— eties that are to be found in Yukon: There is the modest Forget—me—not, growing almost side by side with the vividly yellow Iceland Poppy. In June, July and August our hills are radiant with the Lupine, Hyssop, Foxglove, Grass Pink, Adder‘s Tongue, Monkey Flower, Spiderwort, False Dragon Head, Columbine, Hud— son Bay Tea, Drummond‘s Dryas, and an infinite variety of others. I must not forget the Twin Flower or Linnoea so named because it was the favorite of Linnaeus, the great Swed— ish botanist But to me the most surprising find of all in this land of floral surprises, was discovered one July day, when after an aimlessly wandering walk of half an hour from the Ferry Landing on the southern slope of a p covered sandy stretch of hillside and there lay before our astonished eyes acres and acres of the beautiful spot— ted orchids. Although we picked over two — thousand blossoms, _ finding mong them a number of the pure > regions, but let him come to conquered alike by the magniﬁcence of our scenery, the vastness of this golden territory, and the beauty and charm of our floral offerings. ROBERT W. SERVICE. W. Service, recognized as the premier poet of the Yukon, author of verses elsewhere in this edition, Robert W. Service. and probably entitled to the same onor for all of Canada and to high praise anywhere in the English—speak— ing worl , is a resident of Dawson, where he is a member of the staff of one of the large banking institutions of Canada. His success is attribut— able ehiefly to having caught the Yu—— kon spirit, especially as to the rough and raw phases of life. His verses treat little of the felicities of life, but _ he pictures indelibly the struggle— side of the northerner‘s career For a number of months his work, "‘‘The Sourdough," had one of the largest sales of any publication in nada; and now his new e ort, “The Ballads of a Cheechaco," are just coming o r. Service was born 31 years ago in England, and was taken to Scot— land by his parents when too young to remember much of it. After be— ing educated at Glasgow, spending some time at the Glasgow University. he came to Canada, when 20 years of age, fighting against damnation from city to city until he came to the Pa— cific slope, where for five years he wandered up and down the earth from Mexico to British Colt.mbia working at all maiiner of things. years ago he accepted a position in the Victoria branch of the bank which he is now serving. and appreciate, some— thing which Will come within _ his scope and approval as a matter of reality. His first publication aside from occasional verses "was two years ago, and now his works are greatly in demand, DAwWSON DAILY NEW 8. 23 @pper and Silver Fields of the Yukon By ROBERT LOWE, Member of the Yukon Council. O N.July 25th, 1897, a small coast— ng _ steamer, the Excelsior, into San Francisco harbor a crowded list of aile(l victory in every eye and _ bearing These _ were the Argonauts returning with the Golden Fleece and the next morning every adventurer the world around was reading wondrous tales of the till then unheard of Klondike and within a few weeks a mighty host of the hardy and adventurous poured over the mountain passes and down the valley Yukon in search of the gold that nature had with laVish hand scattered over this northlar In the few years that have passed since then, the Klondike region has yielded one hundred and fifty million dollars in gold dust while the rest of this vast territory streams has not yet been scratched over. _ Those who first came had but to find a rich placer claim, wash it out as quickly as possible and then ho for home and fatherland. _ None had time to consider the baser metals or plan for the slower development of the coun— try and as a result thousands passed over or near the rich silver leads of Conrad mountain and the vast copper deposits of Whitehorse heedless and indifferent to what promises eventual— ly to yield more millions than all the placeis of the world combined. It is with these that the writer proposes to deal in a general way, space for— biddiiigr any attempt to go into par— ticulars. Beginning at the southern boundary miles from tidewater and a few White Pass railway is the little camp known as Conrad City at the foot of onrad mountain which, if present prospects hold out, will / eventually prove to be one of the great treasure houses of the world. ‘This mountain is seamed and scarred in all direc— tions with yeins of quartz c'irryinrr high values in silver and gol Originally several groups of claims were staked by Messrs. Pettit, Pooley and Stewart and several others. These known as the Montana and Venus groups a few years ago passed into the hands of Col. Montana and Wm. Mackenzie of the of Mackenzie & who have in the past_ year down to the lake shore (Windy Arm) and there erected an experimental concentration which for the past few months has been running through about one hundred tons per day of ore large a mill for years to when one stops to consider that there are scores of claims on this wondrous whose surfaee indications mountain are just as good he Venus, it does not seem improbable that the history aribou Crossing will rise like magic t(i:l']ull blown cities with their million— aires made over night. On the oppo— site side of this wondrous mountain and facing Lake Bennett and the lit— tle town of C’erI'OSS (Ca bou Cross— i "Big Thing" group where pened last fall and akthe sinkin present timea small”‘lg'z)nfg‘ivs1 feegt y recently interviewed a mine foreman senerally considered a very conserva 2 e who was familiar feet as it has gone first fifty it woud b ¢ ‘s wonder “(fkblscmg north and west from Con— rad mountain one sees the twin val— leys of the Watson and the Wheaton ere are many groups of claims ricli in silver and gold which are as yet in the hands of the original pros— pectors, men of little or no means who are paving the w for capital to come and reap a golden harvest. The government has built twenty—five miles of good wagon road through these valleys from Robinson station on the White Pass route enabling prospectors to get their supplies out at reasonable rates. ere are not less than o hun— dred claims in these two valleys that have rich surface showings giving assays from ten dollars to ten thou— sand per ton. Among others may be mentioned the Porter group with four leads vary— ing in size from one foot to seven and carrying from fifty to three thou— sand ounces in silver per ton. ‘These leads can be traced for thousands of feet on the surface and a tunnel is being run to tap them at considerable depth capital being supplied by. a Chicago firm and the w ried on under the managem . Porter, one of the original locators. A few miles north of this we come Robert Lowe. to the Stevens property where rock assaying thousands in gold can be picked up all along the surface of the mountain extending across the length of three full claims. A tunnel is now being run to tap the main ledge. A few miles east of this is Gold Hill, one of the earliest recorded pro— perties which create sensation by showing surface croppings that as— sayed one hundred thousand dollars r ton. shaft is now being sunk to strike the main ledge. Further east again we come to the properties o Wm. Schnabel, the pioneer prospector of the Watson valley. _ Mr. Schnabel has many rich leads on his group of claims and also a mountain of low grade ore as great in extent as the famous Treadwell and carrying twice the Treadwell‘s value Returning to Robinson station we take the train and after a twenty—mile ride northwards arrive at little town of Whitehorse, one hundred and ten miles from tidewater the present terminus of the White Pass railway and the head of navigation on the river. Immediately to the west of this little town is a copper belt about fourteen miles long and it is safe to say that there is not a single quarter mile in the fourteen without its rich cropping of copper ore and where any development has been done rich and large bodies of copper have been expose On the Valerie a ‘shaft one hundred feet deep shows a body of ore over thirty feet wide, five feet of which carries ten per cent. copper while the balance carries four per cent., to— gether with good values in gold and silver. A tunnel on the Arctic Chief shows thirty thousand tons of six per cent. ore in the first fifty feet. shaft and drift on the Grafter shows a body of ore sixteen feet wi getting wider as it goes down. thousand tons of this ore, without any copper and three dollars per ton gold and silver. ‘The Pueblo has a surface showing two hundred and sixty feet wide and stripped bare for four hun— dred feet lengthwise of solid ore. . A shaft one hundred and ten feet deep, a drift one hundred and sixty‘ feet long and a cross cut ninety feet in length failed to find a pound of any— thing but ore carrying an average of four per cent. copper. It is doubtful if a greater surface showing than this eXists any w A few miles north of the Pueblo are the War Eagle, Le Roi and the Anaconda Rabbit Foot groups show— ing large bodies of high grade ore, while half way between and a mile the east is the Copper King group from which has been taken the rich— est shipment of copper ore that ever went into a coast smelter, averaging forty—nine per cent. in co any other properties that have up to date shown equally remarkable results here await the magic touch of capital to pour forth a boundless tream of wealth. —‘These ores con— tain all the requisites for fluxing and re considered ideal smelting ores, while only fifteen miles away are vast (leOSlts of high grade scmi —anthracite coal uel and alm miner‘s feet tlie mighty Yukon flows through Miles canyon and White Horse rapids with a drop of twenty—five feet in two miles, an storehouse of electrical e White Pass railway has built seven miles of a spur through this belt and intends to build four miles he unlimited erg door of ever 1 miles northwestward from — White— orse a vast field of copper deposits 1 as the Hootchi country while sixty miles eastward large deposits have been found in thc neighborhood of the Livingstone creek placer camps, while one hundred and fifty and two hundred miles west of Whitehorse are urwash creek and hite river dis— tricts with their slabs of pure bomite four feet thick and sixty feet long and their nuggets of native copper from one to six tons in weight. And _ so it goes in every direction throughout this vast territory, north, south, east and west, great bodies of old, silver and copper ores are found with the prospects of the mak— ings of camps as great as Butte Co— balt or Tonopah only needing cap— ital, skill and energy to startle the world. We are close to tidewater, railways are easy to build, our summers are eautiful, our winters are dry and healthy, our government is keen to advance and develop the country by building roads as fast as required, rea(ly to subsidize smelters and grant r powers, in fact everything that Caplt'll could most desire. _ ‘And so great is the copper wealth of this territory that With proper transpor— tation and smelting facilities and sufficient mine development, were all other copper supplies of the world to cease to exist, this territory could supply the demand without a hitch. RAILWAY BULDING AND OPERATION 1N YUKON By EUGENE MURPHY, General Manager Klondike Mines Railway MONG the principal means of opening up a new country are quick and cheap methods of transpor— In the early days of the Klondike district, ans of trans— portation. — Later came horses, and then railways. Railway construction was expen— sive. ‘The cost of material and labor was high, but not any more so in com— parison than ditch building for mining purposes or other similar heavy con— struction work. At present there is but one railway in the Klondike district, namely the Klondike Mines railway, running from Dawson to Sulphur Springs, a distance of 32 miles. During the stampede of 1897—8 a railway was thought of, but actual work was not commenced until 1903. at which time considerable grad— ing was done and three or four miles of track laid. ‘This grade was after— ward abandoned and a new line built, which was completed in November, 1906, through to Sulphur Springs. One of the objects in building the railway up Bonanza creek to its source, \V}?S all" t to handle the business of e creeks then being worked, as a glance at a geological map of the Klondike district will show all the niain creeks, including Hunker, Gold Bottom, _ Bonanza, uartz, Little Blanche Sulphur, Gold Run and Do— minion, heading or having their source at or near Dome mountain, the pres— ent terminus of this railway. a the immediate vicinity. Many of thein have been crown granttd and are being opened up. At the present time freight for outlying creeks is taken to the end of the railway and from there taken by the company‘s own freight— ing outfits to its destination. Passengers and express are han— dled from the end of the railway by daily stages to and from all creek point Tlie present outlook for this, the only railway in the Klondike district, is very promising, for the reason that quartz property adjacent to the rail— way is being extensively opened up, and, as a consequence, the railway is a prime factor in its developmeiit and will share to a certain extent in the prosperity of the country in general. The era of railroad building has only begun, and as is shown by var— ious reports from practical mining men who are experts in their different lines of mining in the way of dredging or handling placer ground or mining quartz, the country comprised in the Klondike district has not begun to be developed, and, as a matter of fact, the country has as yet been only gone over and not even prospected in a thorough manner. \/Vith the addition— al development, is bound ‘to come in a very short time, will come additional transport facilities in the way of new railways. When it is taken into consideration that the total area of the Yukon Territory is sev— eral times that of many of the Euro— pean countries, and the total length of railways is 91 miles, it can be read— ily seen that the extent of railway building in the Yukon in the near future will be marvelous. With the number of railways now building to the Pacific Coast, it will be a matter of but a few years until we will have a direct route from Daw— son to some point in Western Canada. 24 pAWSsON DAILY NEWS. The Davvson By PHILIP M. RAY; Curling Club| Secretary of the Club HE history of the Dawson Curl— ing club, the most northerly club in Canada dates back to the early days of the camp, for it was October 4, 1900, that Colonel W. urke and a few other enthuSiasts founded the club. The personnel is continually changing, and out orty—five charter members only seven are residents of Dawson today, and four of the seven no longer take an active part in the ga e. Curling in the early days expensive . ‘The club entrance fee was $25 and a monthly subscription of $10 was charged, which with the cost of purchasnig curling stones and an ex— added, made the first year‘s capenses average $130 a member. The club‘s first rink was built on the slough at the back of the R. N. M. police barracks. ‘The building, a frame—work — covered accommodation ol ad to make true curling ice on the slough, as the ice was continually heaving and cracking, and the following sea— son, that is 1901—02, the club rented a warehouse on Front street and was ing beaten in the semi—finals by Braden of Winnipeg, who eventually won the trophy. In the points com— petition 208 entries were made, and M. H. Jones obtained twenty— third and J. Moncrieff, forty— first place. tions for the Blue 'Alfred Dolge International and Dingwall trophies; and for the Tetley ‘Tea Tankard and the Empire trophies It barely failed to reach the semi—finals for the Empire trophy. Early in 1908 another rink, representing the DaFwsc();i Curling club composed Crisp, skip; Thornburgh third Wa tson, secon as. roce, lcad and E. Kastner, reserve, visited Winnipeg and took part in the same competitions as mentioned with one exception, but were unable. to secure any prizes. In the O‘Grady Challenge Cup contest the Dawson rink played in company with that of J. D. Flavelle, the veteran curler from Lindsay, Ont., the most easterly rink present at the Bonspiel and won every game up to the semi—fina Mr. Watson obtained a high posmon in the points competition The winter of 1908— 09 may be said to have been the most auspicious sea— son since the inauguration . of Auto on Ogilvie Bridge Near Dawson. able to considerably reduce the fees. In the fall of 1902 the Curling club became affiliated with the then newly— formed Dawson Amateur Athletic as— sociation. ‘The membership, which had been limited to 50 was raised to 75, and the following year the limit cluded membership in the f In 1903 the Dawson Curling club affiliated with the Manitoba branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling club, and all games are now played under R. C. C. C. rules.. ‘The next few sea— sons were practically uneventful, but in January, 1907, the club sent a rink 3,000 miles to compete at the Winni— peg Bonspiel. ‘The team which dis— tinguished itself, in spite of being handicapped by being unable to take its own curling stones was made up as follows: M. L. Strickland, skip; M. H. Jones, third; C. Macpherson, second; Jas. Moncrieff, lead En route to Winnipeg the team took part in the Brandon Bonspiel, winning 15 out of 16 games and capturing the Walk— erville Cup, the Gold Standard trophy and the second prize in the rand Ch'illenge Cup. Proceeding to Win— iiipeg the team played games, win— ning 12, and securing a third prize, namely the Royal Caledonian ‘Tankard presented by Lord Strathcona, and be— club, for it was honored by being rep— resented on the Canadian curling team of 35 members which visited Scotland the beginning of this year, meeting with only three reverses during the tour. ‘The Dawson club‘s representa— tive, Chas. W. Macpherson, was the first of the eleven members chosen by the Manitoba Curling association, and he was further honored by being given a rink. During the tour he took part in 17 competitions, won 19 out of 22 games, and secured the only individual prize of the tour, one donat— ed by Andrew Usher of Edinburgh for the rink making the highest average score in the three test matches. M. H. Jones, while "outside" for the win— ter, picked u wson city rink, and at the Fort Saskatchewan Bon— spiel won the Merchants and the Grand Challenge trophies; losing only one out of thirteen games played. At Edmonton Mr. Jones‘ rink took part in a local bonspiel, where it won 13 out of 15 games, and returned to Daw— son with the following prizes: Grand Challenge Cup, presented by the pre— of Alberta, together with gold watches for each member of the win— ning rink; the Calgary Brewmg trophy sheets of ice for the use of 143 mem— bers has been found to be inadequate this season, and Walter Creame:, tne popular and energetic manager of the D. A. A. has decided t to make ex— tensive and for the coming winter. ‘The present rink will be turned iiito bowling alleys and a new curling rink 150 feet long and 66 feet broad, lit by over 120 elec— tric lights, will be erected, which will give accommodation for four sheets of ice. A large steam—heated observa— tion room, will be provided for the use of lady spectators, and a small wooden platform will separate the rinks as at present, giving ample accommodation for members wishing to view the bel P mes. ‘The curling season begins the first week in November and usually ends the first or second_ week in April. ‘This year however, has been an cx— ceptionally cold one, and play has been possible up to the end of April, but there were two months, January and February, when it was to uncom— rottable to eutrl." with a bonspiel between rinks madé up of the entire members of the club;, chosen by the president and the vice— preSident the losing side entertains the wmners at a dinner of "Bee Greens." Other bonspiels held dur— ing the season are "Married Single Men " and the patrons‘ spicl for prizes donated by the presi— dent and patrons of the club respec— tively. ‘The following cups presented to the club are competed for annually, the games being played either by the Bagnall—Wyld or percentage system: Brackman—Ker Milling Co. Cup; Jer— sey Cream; Seagram; Grand Chal— lenge Cup presented by the New York Life Co.; Kelly Douglas Cup, and the Dawson Cup, presented by Hiram Walker & Co. "tyro" and a points competition completes the programme, and the season winds up with a smok— ing concert and a presentation of prizes Yukon Sports and Pastimes By J. M. EILBECK, Deputy Sheriff AWSO\I City, Yukon ‘Territory, Dominion of Canada, the pivot of the Klondike, a name which means so much to many and a town and territory of which so many people have such erroneous opinions. Man have drawn the idea from misleading articles and interviews that we live midst snow and ice the year round and have no enjoyments nor amusements. How different is tne to those who have lived here. "Quite true we have some six—months of winter, some have more enjoyable times than any other place of its size in tli 4 urling,. one of awson‘ ‘s many spoits could alone amuse the people. e Dawson Curling club, the second larfrest club of its kind in the world, has 125 members. As a club house it has the Dawson Amateur Athletic as— sociation buildiiig, a vast pavilion that cost $42,0 The club l)uildiiig afso has beiieath skating carnivals and ice races during the winter months. The same depart— men is utilized in the summer for a natatorium. t is a swimming resort the most fastidious would desire. ‘The tank is 80 feet long and 35 feet wide, and an average depth of seven feet. During the summer have been held al— so some ofthe finest boxing exhibi— tions ever pulled off. ‘The participants included such men as Choynski, Pl]ll’l— ley, Solly Stroup, C. Gleason,. Slavin and many others. Six tho sand people can be seated in the athletic club‘s arena without any difficulty. ‘The club also has a fine gymnasium, hand ball courts, shower baths, read— ing room, billiard room and a fine reception hall. e club is engaged iiistallmg two more sheets of curling ice and four bowling alleys at an ad— ditional expense of $7,000. The Dawson —Amateur Athletic club is but one of the fine buildings in Dawson which is devoted to sport. The Arctic Brotherhood hall, which is 190 by 75 feet, is the resort for many _ basketball matches having teams _ composed of sexes. Here are held amateur theatricals well worthy of producing, anywhere, also fancy and masquerade balls take place and where one. may see <as handsomely dressed women as any spot on earth. 6 a The "Men‘s Club" has a fine build— General ing with gymnasium, shower baths, reading and writing rooms and lecture hall under the management of Rev. E. Dunham — of the . Methodist church. Dawson also has the Zer club, a purely social club where such renowned personages as Lord Minto Ex—premier Sir Mackenzie Funston, General Selous the great hunter, others have been entertained. Auditorium — theatre is a place. of usement confined principally to theatricals but where have been held portance and where — wide fame, such as Frank Gotch, Marsh, Tiv Krelling, Ben Trennaman, and that old, one time world cham— pion McLaughlin have gone to the mat, The Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Masons and the Independent Order of Oddfellows each have fine halls where dances are held and socials are regular events. So much for winter anmusements In the summer season—a season which I could eulogize to far more considerable space than I am allowed, consisting of long days and ideal ueatliei——~\\e play baseball games at eight o‘clock in the evening. ‘Think of it, you old baseball promoters. Figure out your profits if you could play at that hour. On the 21st day of June, we play our game even at 12 o‘clock at night, due to the fact that at that particular tim we enjoy twenty—four hours of daylight. While our baseball season lasts—from May 20 until August 20—the games are played in Minto park, a field built at an expense of $12,000 and maintain— in excellent condition.. On—this field have been played some of the keenest baseball games ever — con— tested on a baseball diamond. ‘The excitement has been so intense at times that families were split Dif— ferent clubs have gone to great ex— pense importing players from the out— this self same diamond held great intei'national ames, and no later than last year D’lWS sent a team to Fairbanks, Alaslta seven huiidred miles away, to compete _ f 95 International Championship North of 53." Dawson returned with the honors after travel— ing 2200 miles and consuming three weeks on the trip at a great expense. Prior to playing in Minto park, Daw— son played ball on the Royal North West Mounted police barracks ground where, in addition to baseball, cricket, foo ball layed. _ ‘The club with a membership of forty, "The season opens built in 1901, two fine courts at atl 6x> pense of $5000. ‘The ctub has com— fortable quarters, with shower baths. On Empire Day, Dominion Day and the Fourth of July, the citizens, with aid of large public contributions, hold sports to celebrate.. Here we know no boundary line. The sports com— prise horse races bicycle races and Caledonian spo These are held upon our front street, where we have a full quarter of a mile straightaway track. We have even road races, and DAWSON bAILY NEWS _ m h'lVe over 300 miles of perfect roads peak in and around Whitehorse, which permits us to run automobiles. Not alone to Dawson are confined all these sports. Right at Granville, Dominion Creek, in the centre of the mining district the people have base— ball and grounds where they cele— Caledonian games, rAtes And the like tennis courts and has the Northern od will as we do. Light Athletic association with a Whitehorse joins in a baseball building fully equipped with hand league, consisting of Skagway, White— ball courts and a perfect gymnasmm horse, neau and Douglas Island. with shower baths and the like. At great expense these teams import Winter the people there have skating players from Seattle, Vancouver and curling and bowling. 5 other coast towns. Kxcitement runs People of the "outside" in reading to blood heat, and with true sports- of our humble amusements must ad— manlike feeling, they contest in the mit that the Yukon fares very well games for supremacy, and by so do— and if anyone doubt my _ statement,. ing cementing more closely the al— visit us Our latch string alway: By A. W. H. SMIBEEL, Eo * I ‘HE Stewart river, one of the prin— cipal tributaries of the Yukon, brate the twenty—fourth of May, July ready friendly feeling of the two na— hangs outside and "welcome" is al— first and the fourth of July, with tions. Whitchorse also enjoys lawn ways on the door rmer Prospector on the Upper Stewart, now interested in large holdings there, and in business in Dawson gold is large and with a better know— team over the region the first few as follows: Dawso to Jens 43 ledge of the methods of mining best weeks of 1909. Ar. orge‘s excel— miles; to King‘s, 12 1—2 ilcs to drains an extensive region lying be— tween the basin of the Pelly river to the south and that of the Peel river i general westerly direction towards he Yukon valley, entering the Yukon s(\eni) miles above Dawson City. The Stewart river above Fraser l alls, which is a (llSt’\nCe of 200 miles area of n it receives four important tribu— es, Canyon river which flows into the \t)lltll fork, Lancing, Laduc and llk iver. rivers which flow north are about forty—five miles above Fraser Falls. There has been considerable pros— pecting done above the falls since 1898 and previous to that time prospectors ascended the river as far as Ladue creck, one of these being Lancing, after whom the present river is named. They no doubt are the first prospec— tors to. discover gold both on the Ladue and Lancing rivers, but up to the present time no mining operations have been carried on, although I have no doubt that at some future date some the large gravel benches which are in that vicinity of the coun— try will pay to hydraulic, when navi— facilities / above pector will be able to handle his sup— plies. This section of the country is well timbered and there is no doubt that it has produced more fur than any other section its size in the Yukon Territory or Alaska. Stewart river, below Fraser Falls,> has one of the brightest futures of any stream in the entire Yukon valley. It is one of the first rivers in the terri— tory to attract the attention of the miners. From the year 1883 and since, gold has been found in ~paying quaiitities on some of the bars along tlie river when the water is by "rocking" l» t\\een the Mayo river and a few niles of the mouth. ln 1895 coarse gold was first dis— covered on the streams, tributary to the Ste\vart, and from that time until the present, discoveries of placer gold of more or less importance have been nndc each yea e Clear creck Duncan creek min— ing districts and latterly the Haggart and Dublin districts were established and included all the streams tributary to the Stewart as far east as the Mayo river and its branches. . Although some of the creeks in these districts were rich in placer gold the average remuneration was small. The difficulties and expense of mining and tr'msportation and the inexperi— ence of ma of the miners have hitherto teiided to keep down ‘.tl]c profits and t i '[‘hc area, howe\e in \»hicli it might be reasonably eapectcd to find placer _During its course throuvh this re— suited to the conditions, future devel— opments and extension of the produc— tive ground may be looked forward to, as much of the region is yet unpros— pected. At Fraser Falls the Stewart river flows through a gorge three—eighths of a mile long, with a fall of about forty feet in this distance; above this gorge the river still occupies a nar— row channel bordered by rock benches and three short r'lpl(lS due to the rock barriers occurring at intervals. By harnessing these falls it is capable of generating at the lowest stage of water 15,000 horse power, sufficient to run a fleet of dredges. > ‘This can be accomplished at a very reasonable cost. e At present there are three large companies operating on the river. One has one of the largest modern type of dredges, which was installed during last season, and from all reports the company is well satisfied with the re— sults obtained. ‘They are operating at a distance of about ninety miles from the mouth of the river and it is their intention, in the near future, to in— crease the number of dredges as tliey have numerous dredging leases their river. One hydraulic company is operating on Dublin Gulch, and the work of constructing a ditch has al— ready commenced and the plant for hydraulicing is already on the ground and there is no doubt that the water will be run ‘through tneir ditch this season. A dredging company just or— ganized has a numerous number of dredging leases and are installing at the openiiig of na\ig‘ition two large g the pres— modern type of dredge. One of the Dawson steamboat c panies is operating on the river '111(l has a very fast, light draft steam eekly service, something tors of the river have not previously enjoyed. ‘The river is navigable throughout the sea— son as far as the Fraser Falls, or for a distance of two hundred miles from the Yukon. In ect to further information '\nd corroboration regarding the phys— in— terested reader to "The Yukon Ter- ritory, Its History and Resources," a book issued by the department of the interior of Canada, obtainable on ap— plication in Ottawa; and to the re— ports on the Upper Stewart River Re— gion, by J. Keele, Dominion govern— ment geologist. Beyond this the most authentic recent data obtainable re— specting the Stewart river country and its auriferous depOSits and present workings is given in the report made by Arnold F. George, secretary of the ikon Miners and Merchants‘ Asso— ciation, headquarters at Dawson, after a personal canvas and trip by dog lent report contains in part the follow— ing: Barlow 22 milcs to McQuesten 16 milesg to Mayo Landing, 47 1—2 mi The Stewart River By ARNOLD F. GEORGE, Secretary of Yukon Miners‘ and Merchants‘ Association. Questen, is 30 miles, and to discovery 12 1—2 m Duncan District. Duncan has long be en a name to conjure with among the miners. Dis— Upper Stewart Country covered in silence, held in secrecy A report on this district must in— worked without recording. Dun clude a statement as to the difficul— can creek in ‘98, 99 and 1900 furnish— ties of getting in and out in the win— ed the "Three Mysterious Swedes" ter time. In the summer the heart with an independence, before being of the district is reached by steamer discovered and stampeded the from Dawson, at Mayo Landing on usual way. Considerable _ traveling the Stewart river. Distances are then Over the country has since taken comparatively short to almost any Place, and some prospecting. Bu t point where mining development has the country over which gold is scat— taken place. But in the middle tered—fully 2508# square miles—leaves of wmter the 169 miles between Daw— the prospecting already done but a son and the recording office of the drop in a hogshead of water. A few Duncan district at Mayo Bridge holds Seneral facts seem to have been es— r the musher some severe expe ri— tablished. ences. over the trail in the middle of winter at all At the farthest end from Daw— e This thcre is decidedly more snow general rule leaves many sure things tlian in the Klondike, and the trail ce;tam to be worked soon, for the er rule which holds good over much of the country prospected to date, is that there has been less concentra— tion outside of the canyons spoken here is also much thawed ground, the rule being the gravels are thawed under and near the running — water and frozen out towards the limits of the valleys. However, there a ceptions. _ ‘These differences to Klondike, and some others not mentioned, have held the country back. _ It cannot be said the Stewart has reached at all the degres of de— velopment found in the Forty—mile and Sixty—mile country. The country has suffered too, from a concentration and atten— //////////////////// v/////////////// ‘"Prof." Arnold J. George. —Photo by Duclos. Also the revenues of the district have th t ild for t l s e e oL Nt advanced from $6400 to $7000. ~ More to four days not broken by even a house. The government has put up C‘¢eks are being mVeStIgatEd thh three shelter tents with stoves for $CY e;ga such travelers as may have to be out, y elimination the lmDOSSIble is it. being dropped and muct and they are much used in the early 1 of rom— and later winter, and occasionally call ising nature is to be recorded. Six forth eulogiums of the seldom mid— red and ten claims in the dis— winter traveler. A concrete instance trict are being maintained in good of the difficulties of the trail is afford— Standing. It is difficult to estimate ed by the fact that twelve and a half the gold taken out since there is no miles from Dominion creek over the check upon it. t the stores sent first divide supplies were short much down considerably over $40,00 of the past winter, with the road prac— Duncan Creek. tically impassable between—that is to _ ‘The government pumps are located With the exception of on 54 below discovery. They failed the traveler. ‘The distances are about working day and night. As far as whsindseaiet se 26 the men generally upon the creek arg concerned, the ttempt _ was then abandoned, though Jas. Hughes, the contractor in charge, has . continued on his own account.. Moreover, the general decision that the water is too great in volume for the pumps, does not mean the creek is or is to abandoned. _ The same conditions have been proved not to prevail every— where. — ‘There is shallow ground and frozen ground on the limits, and earnest efforts are being directed to capture the paystreak there. _ More— over there is ground on the creek that has always been worked, and will con— tinue to be. Passing up the creek the first work of importance is on 111 above pele— view, where four men are trying an important experiment. On the left limit bedrock has been struck at 38 feet, instead of at ninety. ‘The ground is also frozen, and three feet of gravel A small pump has c struck the same Situation on the left limit. ‘That is to say, with a bluff be— struck. ‘This, in conjunction with the situation on the Baker claim, is taken limit was present Duncan creek which can yet be mine The creek is twenty odd miles long. From discovery was taken $12,000 the first year after rediscovery and dis possession _ of “l\lysterious Swedes." Wages are yet taken out of m and at sev— d occasionally better. ‘Thunder and Lightening, trib— utaries at the head, yield pay. Sam— ple handfuls to the amount of a pan from the Malesich dump on Thunder yielded as high as 25 c As stated, the admissmn that the water in the deep gravels near the creekbed cannot be pumped does not that the creek is abandoned. last trial. ‘There will summer increase of population when the men return to work the shallow ground at the head. dge is one of the many creeks running into Mayo lake. It has a canyon, and following the general rule, the canyon, when investigated, yielded a thousand dollars last fall in six weeks, in which period all the dead work had to be done a Steep, Edmonton and Cascade all creeks on the lake and havmg can— yons, will be worked the coming sum— mer. DaVidson creek is a recent discov— er It runs into Mayo river 2 1—2 miles below the lake on the left limit, from the recording c may be confidently set down as going to be a good producer this summer. ‘There has been the usual heavy con— centration in the canyon, while last ummer demonstrated the benches at the head of the canyon also to be profitably rich. ‘The canyon affords a ready means for disposing of tailings o any amount, and hydraulic pre— liminaries were under way. ‘The can— "ready money" in sight all staked, is twelve miles long, and baAwsoN paILy NEWL the success at the lower end guaran— tees an investigation of the upper end. The ground in the creek follows the rule of the Duncan country, and af— fords an illustration of how the new conditions are met in order to get down to bedrock and sample the ground. — Several shafts are started at once over the claim or over several claims. _ Sometimes where are close together, the Simultaneous shaft—sinking _ is mo creeks. ‘The t o on tw or m ground is found frozen Two taken out, and the shaft abandoned to the frost un— til another four feet is frozen. _ ‘Then two more feet is thawed and taken out, and the shaft again abandoned the cold weat his process is called ‘Freezing down a hole." ‘The criod required to "freeze back" var— es from a couple of days to a week or more, according to the severity of the weather and the depth of the shaft. ang afternoon picked out $250. I found two men investigating 9, 10 and 11 below discovery, of course, being in the canyon. Here the ground is deeper, and, where the shafts are sinking, frozen. Several other ‘men were on the creek. _ out to be washed. ‘The depth of the shafts is not much over twenty feet, and the creek, expected to be about twelve feet, will be turned and its bed worked this summer with the ex— pectation of finding the rest of that pay which on the rim went so well. This strike, with the known values on Dublin caused a hasty;estakmg of boilers were carried to the creek, and men from the summer diggings of Highet, Duncan, Davidson and other streams gathered there and put down holes. The extreme cold weather delayed work. At the time I was there it cannot be sa id any important devel— opments had taken place. ‘The creek is of magnificent proportions and contour. More than all the creeks of the Duncan district it resembles the c f ondike, with high, sheer sides, and £f much concentration. has not yet lost the dences of glacier deposit, has plainly been worn down by much rushing wate Not all had reached bedrock, thougli some were down fifty and sixty feet. The depth comes from the width of claims in large lots. Individual min— started developing But the summer will find much work going on. orked as it _ is destined to be worked Highet will yet produce much g Minto has been neglected by the miners in favor of the side streams, but prospects well, and has many promising benches, with some of them proved. ‘This winter two men were on Minto discovery. ‘They hold some ground on 8 pup above the discovery claim, and a group of benches be— tween which are being worked profit— ably each summer. With more water Bridge is a trading and roadhouse set— tlement at the junction of Minto and Mayo river. ‘There were there George Cunningham, J. O. Bine the miners to the flat at tlie Juiiction of Haggert and the McQue oadhouse is there. Mayo L ndin is the entrepot of the whole district There will be a considerable in— crease of population this summer at this point to aid these men in tak— ing out the gold. aggert Creek. But it is not in the neighborhood of Duncan that the bulk of the popu— lation of the district has centered its efforts this winter. ‘Thirty miles from Mayo Landing on the Stewart, Hag— gert creek empties into the upper reaches of the McQuesten river. _A had been staked 12 1—2 miles up at the mouth of Dublin Gulch, which has produced gold for years. Haggert was known before the Klondike strike, and some work don e bars have yielded gold. In 1898 quite a number of men stak— ed, but no real work was done. _ It lapsed, all but a few claims about discovery. . In— 1907 two. brothers found gold cropping on the left rim. As high as $3.75 was found with but little work. A dump yielded 40 cents to the bucket. A ditch w structed to work the bench. ‘Though completed late last fall, it was in time to demonstrate the pay did not go back into the hill. ‘This winter they have taken out dumps on the right limit. An investig'ition by myself showed only the fine extreme edge of the pay, but dumps have been taken On the Stewart River. the creek valley, and the gentle slope to the ground commencing creek and extending to the side hills About 60 men were on the creek this Other tributaries of Haggert than Dublin, and which come in for investigation, i has already been more or less stak— ing, are Abbot, Fisher, Gill, Iron Rust, Dry, Lynx, Swede, Hyde Phillips, Chasni, Murphy, Barbara, Snowshoe and F 11. sum up for Haggert, whether or not the lower creek proves to have a continuous paystreak, there is rich ground at the head already demon— strated and working, as well as on Dublin Gulch e work is to be done this summer on the bunch of claims at the mouth of Dublin, con— stituting the concession. — ‘The ground has been demonstrated and once commenced, can hardly fail of being profitable, and therefore ‘con— tinuous. Highet and Other Creeks. This is a summer creek, and this winter was deserted. _ Much of the «population of Haggert is from Highet ‘This creek is to the present the main standby of the district, and has pro— duced gold steadily year after year. The tendency now is to gather up the dismabivatcots Shtae 25 5; where supplies in summer are landed rom the steamers. he government road with branches built by the min— ers, runs to Davidson, Duncan, Hag— gert and Highet. Thcre are various outlying creeks with the beginnings of settlements. Empire creek, a trib— utary of No—Gold, on the south side of the Stewart, has Albert McCoy and Emil Hebert. i. J> Farrell, / the . trader, is on the Stewart 75 above the falls. I'rank Williams trap— per and be— tween Duncan and the McKenzie river. Charles Doty, trapper, trader prospector, s river; a tribu— tary of tlie soutli fork of the Stewart. McQuesten River. Outside of those on Haggert and Dublin, the McQuesten district has Fork, while Hale Williams and Louis oden are on another tributary of the same. W. L. Bramley wintered in his cabin near the mouth of Mc— Questen—3 fortunate thing for trav— e}lers his house being open to them a Stewart River. . A little below the mouth of the Mc— Questen, on the ewart river, is found the pioneer dredge of this dis— trict, At the settlement I found six men. ‘The number last summer when the diedge was worki thirty people. working the river, but part of the left bank locally known as Nelson‘s Point or Bar. The ground was held in placer claims, and was drifted in the usual manner. ‘The dredge has a nominal capacity of 35,000 yards a month. ‘The company has a lease on a hundred miles of the river, and has e 5 ® o. m 7 ® hi o. 09 e h con— Yukon have yielded handsomely to men with rockers, and that the banks have shown coarse gold everywhere so that the introduction thes dredges may be regarded as the en— tering wedge which is to make the bte\nrt the center of a vast minin activity. company . will summer construct a light draft boat: for use on the river, and promises to be of much aid to the miners of the Duncan district in ensuring thema means for getting their supplies reg— The company‘s quarters have been constructed on a basis,of employ— ing at least forty men (the. coming season. The winter has been utilized in cutting and hauling wood for the dredge. ‘The fuel is both abundant and of finest quality. fas E‘ & Resume on Stewart. Conditions are altogether different in the Stewart country to those in the better known Klondike. On as— cending Jensen creek to the summit from Dominion, the view presented is startling in its change of pano— rama from this side of the same di— vide. An immense flat greets the eye, bordered by parallel ranges of mountains, the great flat extending at an almost water level the is comprehended that the Klondike is an island—a high, mountainous isl- and, if this description of the ous conditions can be that high island, and the limited pos— sibilities of such schem The great flat spread out before us is crossed by Flat creek—well named Slough creek, and a multitude of snialler streams. — Gravel lake is seen i1 the center. One hundred foot hills border the flat. ‘Timber is not aburd— ant. In place of it are found numerous meadows yielding native hay. Several arniers there have their homes. John 12 1—2 miles from Dominion, there—not one of whom has ever seen Dawson. He has comfortable build— ings, a herd of cows, and is a pros— perous maker of hay. ‘The great flat is all gravel. And gold can be found in it at almost any place, though lacking profitable c‘oncentration far as yet known. What is known. of the flat already wouldtgi\e it great any other country dl(,“e !llflg the low foot hills on the far side is Barlow creek and Clear creek from Barlow up. Few men were up there this winter. Large lots of the Clear creek ground have been gath— ered together in one large holding So far as known, the ground is not rade, but nevertlieless paid to work in many places An unfortun— ate miscalculation in installing a water supply on Clear caused the CXPCI‘I}; ment to fail, giving the Clear cree district an unmerited black eye. investigation of the situation i= shows DAWSON DAILY NEW S. the experiment to have proved nothing detrimental, only that water delivered ground, and planned ever, the g from dispossession by purchase and other causes. The various creeks cutting through the big flat spoken of are coming in for attention.. Slough creek had pros— pectors all winter, the men coming there after the death of Alex. Mc— Donald. ‘The government trail to the McQuesten crosses a high rolling country, mostly wash gravel, but lit— tle —known. But (the McQuesten reaches the Stewart through a true ‘the side streams are staked and re— corded. 2 which new creek is Roden, on gravel is found occasionally The icient size to use boats gonig several cents to the pan. river is of su —during part of the year, at high water, shallow draft steamers can as— cend . for considerable _ distance. Last summer polling boats took pro— visions to Haggert creek for 17 cents ound. Nevertheless, it is difficult get in and out of the upper reaches the most promising portions of th river from a placer mining standpomt ‘The lower end where the dredges will be, finds the transportation problem solved. The freight by river from Dawson is but $40 a ton. I found game most abundant. I fed dried moose meat to my dogs good enough for a hungry man. But it is in the matter of fish and wild ducks of every kind the district excels all other districts in Yukon. ‘The grey— the fall and frozen and round and fat as young por— poises, to feed them —to the gs 27 seemed a shame, but they wcre the cheapest uncooked feed the The inexliaustibl I numerous nor nearly so big as on the west side of the Yukon river. But the abundance of the fish, wliich can be together superior quality, makes up for the scantiness of c Supplies in the district this year were even more than ample. I found warehouses . filled, warm _ storage houses well stocked, and no com— plaint anywhere of inability to get needed articles. ‘This was not al— ways so on the upper Stewart, and is here recorded as indicating a perma— nent advance in living conditions. The gold of Haggert creek is the best in the country, going $17.48 to the ounce. sOQUTHERN YUKON By E. J. WHITE, Publisher and Editor of the Whitehorse Star. expression _ "Southern is implied all that por— of the territory lying south of Bl the — Yukon" tion Yukon Crossing,; the south half of f the entire area of the Yukon terri— tory. ‘The whole of Southern Yukon ex end and within fifty miles of the British Columbia line. Whitehorse. The town of Whitehorse with 1000 summer — population and ab 750 winter population is the metropolis of Southern Yukon.. The town is lo— cated at the northern terminal of the White Pass & Yukon railway, and at head .of navigation on the Yukon Mounted police; and the gateway to and outfitting point for six different mining districts, two placer and four quartz. Whitehorse also has an ac— tive board of trade. A Besides her heavy mercantile and outfitting industries, Whitehorse is the home of the British Yukon Navi— gation company‘s shipbuilding indus— tries, which employs nearly 200 skilled taries were constructed at the . shipyards in Whitehorse. Early during the present year a trail was constructed and opened clear through from Whitehorse to the head of White river where vast mineral de— posits have been discovered and where Among the heaviest operators on Livingstone creek are the Livingstone Creek Syndicate the Seattle—Living— stone company, Dan G. Snure, J. E. eters, Chestnut & Peters, \Vood & Ameroux and M. J. Hoenadal. Liv— ingstone has a monthly mail service during the winter months from White— horse and a much more frequent ser— vice in the summer. She also has tele— graphic service with the outside world. Kluane Placer Mining District. The Kluane placer mining district lies westward from Whitehorse about 125 miles. This district was discovered and staked in 1902 and has been the scene of active operations ever since, the principal creeks being Ruby, Dixie, Fourth of July, Bullion, Burwash, river. By the river route, White— horse is about 425 miles from Daw— son, and by the overland winter mail oute it is distant miles. located just. one mile famous Whitehorse rapids and three miles below Miles canyon, the two constituting the grandest and most sublime scenery in the entire north— land The town of Whitehorse was found— ed in 1900 when the railroad was completed to that place from Bennett, 70 miles to the southward. ‘The town is substantially built ideal townsite of the white north. It is endowed with all modern facilities in the way of churches and chools, is the seat of customs for Southern Y¥ukon and Northern Brit— ish Columbia; is the central location f "H" Division, Royal Northwest Whitehorse, Y. T. the international boundary survey corps of both Canada and the United States have been operating for the past two years and where they will probably complete their duties during the present season. MINING INDUSTRIES OF soUTHERN YUKON Big Salmon District. ‘The oldest and most extensively worked placer mining district of Southern _ Yukon and tributary to Whitehorse is the Big Salmon, which was discovered and staked in 1899 and which has been worked with gratifying results ever since. The cip 1 is Livingstone which, while never em— ploying to exceed 50 men, has annual— ly yielded from $50,000 to $65,000 worth of gold for nine years and it is estimated that the output of the present year will be fully $100,000. =l creek in the Big Salmon district Sheep and Arch. New life was given the Kluane district a few months ago y the discovery on Burwash creck of thc paystreak which has been traced practically the entire length m is confidently predicted that the creek will yield more this season than the entire district has produced during all the former years it has been worked. he Dominion government is adver— cost Whitehorse to Burwash creek from 30 cents to 12 cents per.pound. From Burwash on to the White river coun— try travel is now easy. A cable ferry has been constructed over the Donjek river, the work of the Whitehorse 28 board of trade.. The foad from White— horse to Kluane was constructed by the government at a cost of nearly $50,000 and is in good condition winier and summe Whitehorse Copper Belt. Mining experts and engineers have the Whitehorse copper belt to be the most gigantic mineral deposit on the American continent. The belt is from two to three miles wide and about fourteen miles in length, the trend being from north to south. ‘The nearest point from the town is not to exceed three mile Spring Creek, B Arctic Chief, Polar Group, Valerie and Josephine. Dozens of ether proper— ies been sufficiently developed to demonstrate their great wealth. Among the heaviest copper property owners in the Whitehorse belt are Byron White of Spokane, War Eagle company of Spokane, Col . W. ‘Thomas of Harrisburg, Pa., Arctic Chief company of Spokane and Vie— toria, A. B. Palmer of Vancouver, Whitney & Pedlar, Robert Lowe, Dixon & Johnston, Louis Belney and Sev— ping would be going on at t time but for the persistent low price of copper. ‘The general run of the mines from which ore was shipped was from 5 to 12 per cent. copper with a little gold. Ore from the Carlisle mine went as high as 42 per cent. copper Last season the White Pass Rail— way company started a spur 0 its road along the copper belt but owing to the depression in the copper mar— Ket discontinued work . when eight miles of the road had been . com— pleted leaving six miles uncompleted. is understood, however, that the length of the copper belt. of approximately a quarter of a mil— lion dollars the railroad company erected ore bunkers at Skagway last season for the accommodation of ore from the mines of Southern Yukon and that it is to the interest of the railway company to foster the mining industry of Yukon goes without say— ing her vast stores: of hidden Wit wealth, Southern Yukon has 'is yet. been but t and with rcasonable transportation charges, this God—favored section of the Northland is destined to become paramount to any mining countr . on the continent. Windy Arm (Conrad) Quartz District PAWSON DAILY NEWS. surely be pardoned, if, while spccd ing onward to Klo ll(lll\C he was un— conscious of the fact tliat at his very elbow he was untouched treasure caves one of which, would have made him richer than a Klondike king. The first permanent locations _ in the Windy m imineral — belt, were made by the three pioneer prospec— tors Josephus Stewart, John M. Pooley and Ira Petty. he claims known as the Montana, the Mountain Hero, the Uranus, and the Venus were located on dates ranging from July 1899 till September 1901.. On the lat— ter date was staked and recorded the banner mine of the district, the Venus, now owned and operated by a com— pany of Conrad city. At this early date, lack of funds, that bete noir of the prospector, precluded any greater development other than that amount of preliininary work incidental to the opening up of a mining property, which is commehsurate with the painstaking efforts of prospectors who pack supplies on their backs and ore in a rawhide. In . May, 1905, these properties ‘The ore of the Venus mine is cliiefly argentiferous galena an verages about $30 per ton in gold and silver. Several shipments of concentrates have already been made with satis— factory results, and the mine even in is early stage of its dcvelopment is conducted on a fully paying basis. The vein has 2200 feet of development work done upon it, and has been distance of 5000 feet Located in 1904, and adjoining the Venus, is the Humper Group, the lead in which carries a large quantity of argentite, ruby silver, stephanite, as well as native silver, galena and pyrite. me very rich ruby silver has been found on the "Ruby Silver" claim which adjoins the "Venus No. 2," and owned by Carcross people. Perliaps the best showing of any mine on the Windy Arm belt, is in the "Big Thing" mine, which has appar— ently well justified its title. It is sit— uated some five miles from Careross. Toronto C'ipital is opening up the pro— perty ‘This mine differs from all other operties on the belt, in that it is in gr aiiite formation. The ore is chief— and — associates prospecting someé twenty miles west of Robinson, locat— ed the property known as the Union mines. A railroad magnate of Vir— ginia became interested in the pro— perty and several shipments of ore have been made With good The next locations were made by Laura Hill and Robert Clegg, fol— lowed by Jno. in the employ of a mining eompany of New York city. In June 1906, prospectors named "Scotty" Morrisson, Dave Hodnett and Jack Stagar, made very promis— ing Uiscoveries on what are now known as Hodnett Mountain and Gold Hill. They arrived in Careross bring— ing with them numerous sam pl free milling gold. A stampede imme— Under the guidance hundred claims. € however, extensive work has done on several of the properties, and last year one hundred and thirty—two claims were represented and renewed. On the Gold Hill there is a tunnel Ox tHm® Way were bonded and the first material advance was effected. In the follow— ing year Toronto capital became in— erested in this and kindred under— akiiigs and during the last three years, in the acquiring of claims and development wor associates ne 2 S S 4 0 0 # ol 0 i= p. o o. iz ol 3 s g. t ol x m tram — has been constructed from the company‘s wharf on y Arm to the Montana Group, a disttince of four and a quar— iles, and costing in the neigh— borhood of $100,000. _ One of its spans crossing an intervening valley, is said o be the second longest in the world. ‘There is also a short tram to the Venus mine, 1nd a third tram has o the Vault mine, HE names of Bennett, Caribou Crossing and — Little Windy Arm, are doubtless familiar to many of those who joined the rush to‘the Kloadike. ‘The names of these places are perhaps associated in their minds with the vicissitudes and initial hard— ships of those argonauts who in early days endeavoured to wrest from the Godd«css of Gold her treasures, the while her syren voice lured tnci| to h render more vivid the experience of those who passed through the narrow neck of Nares lake known as Caribou Crossing. He who fled by the mouth £ "Little Windy" in the teeth of a gale with wind and wave urginrg him to disaster upon her rocky shore, may cen whicli when completed will have cost some $12,00 ropos of trams, negotiations have been opened with an aerial tramway company anent the construction of an acrial tram across the Chilcoot sum— mit to Lake Lindeman, which, when operating in connection with the water route to the interior, will consid— erably lessen the cost of transporta— tion from tidewater at Dyea to all parts of the Yukon and Atlin dis— tricts. ‘The company already has erected a concentrating plant costing $50,000 'lnd having a capacity of one hundred fons of ore per day of twenty—four hours. working one shift at the timc and putting _ through about Sixty tons daily. . ‘The plant, when running at its full capacity, will give employment to about men, to TtH® Gornn Frecps——IuE Hart at Laxe BexxEir ly sedentary quartz and near the sur— face is very porous, the minerals be— ing chiefly oxides and carbonates. The ore in the lower workings is sulphide. ‘The vein is ten feet in width, E. & W. strike, with north pitch and averages $25 per ton. ‘The company, owing to the splendid showing, has under con— sideration the erection of an aerial tram from the mine to the mouth of MacDonald creek on the shore of Lake — Bennett, distant about five miles. The Watson and Wheaton Rivers A S early as 1893, prospectors from Juneau crossed the Chilcoot and prospected around the shores of Lake ennett, eventually reaching the val— leys of the Wheaton and Watson rivers. ‘They made several locations, and as their old notices will show, they believed themselves to be in British Columbia. ‘They took samples of ore back with them to Juneau, which assayed very highly. Owin to the distance from their then base of supplies, very little was done, and their locations were unrecorded. At the present time these districts are accessible from Carcross by way of the Wheaton river or from Robinson station on the White Pass & Yukon railway a distance of about twenty miles in either instance In August 1903, William Schnabel 111 feet in length; on the Hump, one of 87 feet; King 60 feet; and one of 50 feet on the Whirlwind and one of the same length on the Nevada. ‘The ore in both the districts is gold and Silver bearing with lead * in There are no copper claims there any placer ground in either dis— trict. Perhaps the work is owned by five local miners. ey ve built about three miles of trail of which one mile is a wagon road. They have driven a tunnel close to 300 feet and have made several ship— ments of ore which, after paying smel— ter and transportation them $54 a ton. Contracts have been t for several hundred feet on the Gold Hill Group, work on which has already been commenced. On Car— bon Hill, Chicago capital is interested and is iiiatiguratiiig large development work for the coming season In a brief sketch such as this but little mention can be made of th many favorable features which would doubtless commend to the mining op— erator the quartz camps of Southern Yukon.. Suffice it to say, that such natural advantages as fuel, fish, game and a magnificent climate, ]eave no defect, at the existence of whicli one might cavil. With the introduction of capital, and the resulting increase in facili— ties for the handling and transporting of its output, the future of the South— ern Yukon quartz camps should be assured, Buffalo on the Silver > charges, netted‘ DAWSON DAILY NE W S. CGAME IN THE YUKO clusively By JACK LEE, Nine Years Ex— a Hunter in the Yukon the vicinity of Dawson vicinit \orthland the this j d of caribou that has been estimated by several parties, who travelled through it, to one million head, ing their serenity The remarks of a party of men who came down the White river in a canoe when this herd was crossing that stream, and o George Black, Yukon Councilman, and a leading Dawson lawyer, will be in— teresting and instructive. He said: "For forty miles we were running through one continuous mass of cari— bou. narrow valley and high bald mountains on either side, all the way swarmed with the animals Never before did I have the slightest idea of what a herd of caribou signifies un— til while on that trip up the Sixty— mile river, I saw where the lower part of the great herd had crossed About every hundred yards where I turned back or for fully ten 383 Ducks and 1 Goose, Ten Mornings‘ Flight Shoot by Orie Gun, Thirty Miles From Dawson A Yukon Caribou Hunter in Win Ret miles there were trails a foot deep, cut freshly into the soil, and between those trails it was, without exaggera— tion, impossible to put down my hat and not cover several hoof prints in the inch or so of snow that then cov— ered the ground. How far more this condition extended up the valley.I do not know. — Unfortunately the herd, with the exception of some stragglers, h wl passed and I missed the sight of y life. \\f hen it is incontrovertible that this White river herd is only the smallest one of the three herds that within the Yukon Territory—contain— ing only two hundred thousand square miles—the Peel river herd, and Pelly river herd being the other two; and when it is considered that four thou— sand caribou would easily cover the number killed in this territory since white men first came in here, I will ask the reader to contemplate what detrimental effect, allowing for natural propagalion and decreased financial interest in hunting, can such insignifi— cant losses have on such hordes of an’llliilsgreat Mackenzie w’itershedl of .ippii)\im’itely one and a half mil];on square miles, also teems with caribou and all the kinds of game that are habitants of the North. One of the y Mackenzie herds of caribou is described photographically and other— wise U o 5 7 3 3 C 3 a. Surveyor, in his book, "Across the Sub—Arctics." _ The photograplis of 'V[ackenZie caribou that Mr. Tyrrell had hanging in his office when station— ed in Dawson are worth many sleeps to see. regard to moose, it is also in— controvertible that except along active mining creeks, this noble beast is as ven in the unpretentious londike watershed, where ninety per cent. of all Yukon moose hunting has been done, moose are now more plen— tiful than they have been for the last eight years. ‘They are very prolific. Cows with two calves are in the ma— jority. So long as beef can be had in Dawson for less than twenty cents per pound, by the side, no white hunt— ers will outfit at a cost of eight to ten hundred dollars for each two men for the winter to supply ‘a demand that would scarcely pay the freight on possible killings. Klondike hunt— ers have to be sure of twenty—five cents per pound for all they can kill before they will go seventy—five to one hundred and twenty—five miles into the hills, where big killings are certain, and pay eight to ten cents per pound to have the meat hauled to Dawson. Mountain sheep st two speCies are plentiful on all the interior flicted on them by their old and nat— ural enemy, the eagle. ‘The expense of hunting sheep on these ranges places the sport beyond any but those who control the strings of long, full money bag Bears of all kinds are snnply a pest to prospectors and others in the hills ...cy continually destroy caches .o provisions depended on for future re— quirements. They break into cabins while the owners are away, and leave destruction behind on all occasions. have had three invaluable caches of provisions, one hundred miles from a grocery store, pulled off scaffolds. in the trees by these marauders, and very little left that could afterwards be utilized. All streams in this Northland are plentiously stocked with greyling. The large rivers and lakes teem with whitefish and great sized trout,. And during July, August and September of e travelling — eturning to Camp with the Spoils. each year salmon in unbelievable num— ers are in every accessible stream to a disiance hundred retire each fall to the deep waters of the large rivers, and return to the small streams after the ice breaks up in spring. ‘They afford a luscious bite to the hundreds of prospectors who would otherwise be compelled to kill big game animals, or live on a piece de resistance bacon and beans. Big game is not nor ever has been wantonly slaughtered in any part of this country, and fro:m my nine years‘ experience in t upper Klondike country in continuous touch with all regular hunters and trappers, I never have actually known nor heard from any trustworthy or first handed source of even one game animal being left where shot. _ No prospecting away in more game than is needed for food, or has ammunition at $7.50 per hund— red rounds to waste; and as the Yukon game laws provide against killing and leaving game in the woods by a fine of five hundred dollars, and imprison— ment, and a case has never yet been prosecuted, I cannot conceive how, where, or by the imbiding of what brand, the originators of these hallu— wnllll . Nll \llmnum l l!l[lu U “,, high mountains in great numbers. The ruffle e are plentiful all over the timbered parts of the North, which means four—fifths of the entire coun— he spruce grouse and pin— tailed grouse are also plentiful in the timbered parts. intail resorts mostly to the timber line on the high hills The migratory game birds—ducks, geese, sandhill cranes, swan and snipe —"of all the kinds that are known to migr’lte north," and many. kinds of song birds, including the American robin and blackbird—pass through the Klondike district, on their way far— ther North, by the millions, during the first pait of May each year. They commence going south again early in August. Some of all species of the song birds, summer and rear their young with us in the Klondike, but the great flight of waterfowls proceeds farther north and northwest to more marshy and lake—like regions. ‘The main, or greater, spring migra— tion lasts only eight or ten days. ‘Th fall migration south is of some six weeks‘ duration. So it can be seen that the extreme northern scatter—gun nimrod is time limited by providence and nature. The closed season for game in the cinations find their inspirations. To conclude, the extermination of the buffalo, so much harped on, can— not in any way be used as a compari— son. When dealing with the big game of the Northwest, the buffalo hide had a high market value, and his range was dotted up and down and closely surrounded by populated districts. It was cut up by several railroads and wagon trails, and any part of it was accessible in a short time from some market. But for his hide he would be plentiful today, pro— viding he could stand civilization, con— sequently, as he was valuable and at the mercy of anyone who cared to go 1fter him, he did not last long. ot so with the big game of the Yukon and the sub—Arctic. Their hides have no market value, and there are millions of square miles where mil— lions of big game exist. Access means elaborate preparation, and months of heart—breaking travel @and toil, and there being no incentive to kill but for food, I am compelled to declare that I, for one, cannot see far enough into the future to be alarmed at the fate of the big game of the Far North. Our local small game comprises a few species. The tarmigan, several species of which are here, resort to the — mA __ Bear Skin Nine Feet Long, Killed by Jack Lee, the Writer. Klondike Moose Hunter in Winter. Yukon follows: . Buffalo or Bison—The whole year. \lusk ox, Elk or Wapiti,. Moose, Caribo Deer, Mountain Sheep or )Iounlam Goats—Between the 1st of March and 1st of September. Grouse, Partridge, Pheasants, Ptar— migan and Prairie Chicken—Between 15th March and 1st of September. Wild Swans, Wild Ducks, Wild Geese, Snipe, Sand—pipers or Cranes— Between the Ist of June and 10th of as provided in respect to special cases no person shall have the right to kill during the open season more than two elk or wapiti, moose, two musk—oxen, six deer, six caribou, two motintain sheep and two mountain goats. No females shall be killed at any time. No person who is not a resident of the Territory shall have the right to hunt, take, kill, shoot at or carry away any of the beasts and —birds men— tioned unless he has obtained a license from the Commissioner of the ‘Terri—‘ tory, who shall have authority to issue permits for e\port of trophies. license fee is $100. _ Full details of game laws may be obtained in pamph— let form from the ‘Territorial Secre— tary of Yukon. exmmmmmnmene 30 DAWSON DAILY NEW S. Outlying Creeks Tributary to Dawson What is Doing on Streams Which Pour a Wealth of Gold Into the Northern Metropolis. (From Reports to Governor Henderson by Secretary Arnold F. George, of the Yukon Miners‘ & Merchants‘ Association.) BY the courtesy of Commissioner Henderson the News is enabled to give its readers of this edition e*ttenswe extracts from a report made to the Yukon Miners & Merchants association, in preparation for his lectures at the Alaska—Yukon fair, made a trip over these districts in the dead of the last winter gathering detailed information. ‘The commissioner aided financially in making the trip possible for the association‘s secretary, hence the re— port to the commissioner, the main part he so kindly permits us to publish. Much valuable information will be found herein for the stranger, and even to ‘men who are not strangers to the country, and few of the latter could make such an extensive trip for themselves. George‘s journey covered nearly two thousand miles and was made with dog team in a temperature run— ning from fifty to seventy—two below. _ It begins with the Fortymile creeks on both sides of the boundary line, then the Sixtymile creeks were visited and are described, and it ends with a comprehensive report of the district which is generally known as the Upper Stewart The reports are very full. Mr. George writes: FORTYMILE DISTRICT. The American Fortymile is a very valuable asset, both to Dawson and to Yu is more devel— oped than our other distant placer districts, and is on a paying and profitable basis. _ Its mportance and value to Yukon is indicated by the fact that nine— tenths of the work of the American recording office of the district, located on the Fortymile river at the mouth of Steel creek, is work done for Dawson people. Seventy—five per cent. of the receipts of that office are from Dawson people. In short, sev— enty—five per cent. of the ground owned or operated in that entire district is owned and operated by Daw— son people. gold from the American Forty—mile all passes through Dawson, being checked through at the American customs house at the boundary on the Fortymile river at the junction of Moose. he checking is accepted by the Dominion authorities at Dawson _ ‘The profits of the district are almost wholly to Dawson people and concerns, and the district makes a large and profitable market. With the exception of the most distant creeks of the dis— trict, as Chicken, Dawson is looked upon by all as headquarters Chicken and a few other headwater creeks are trying to make Eagle headquarters. ‘The gold preduction of the district for the last two years is as follows: No. ounces. 1 1908 907 Wade // . cl.mvan.a aenanptestian, ... 1. 273. 4112 3152%4 Om eRent es s uns n on e l o e eiate sn s l y a 2296 1620% i 2104 729 356%4 211 18%4 527 62% 40 15 434 Nugget Gulch Napoleon Cregls—s..2 0. ksl h n lt‘ sn 283 Wotals nasilat s ho en n and 02 c 8202 7038%%4 ‘The apparent falling off in the production on Chicken came from the cessation of work, owing to the bonding of the entire creek for a sale which fell through. — In the dead of winter I found the Fortymile district with an increased population of nearly forty people, and an increased activity pro— mised a production for 1909 in advance of . ‘The distribution of the population of 181 miners I found as f On Moose creek, 9; on Canyon, 8; on Walker‘s Fork, 8; at Steel creek 22; Walker‘s Fork dredges, 13; ]ack Wade creek, 46 Chicken creek, 30; jointly on Lost Chicken and Chicken, 24; Tranklin Gulch, iss scattering fifteen, known.to the recorder and others to be arious points, are not yet known _by name, making the total of 181 in the country at midwinter, Reference to the gold output discloses in 1908 a doubled output for the bars of the Forty— mile river proper. ‘The spring arrivals for that work are not here enumerated, nor the regular summer additions to the workers on the dredges and other works ie men named above are not tied to the—creeks under which they are named, but move around, their headquarters only being wlierc nam e gold output for Walker‘s Fork is not given, there being but.one concern operating there—the dredge—and the figures being regarded as private. Canyon creek was being worked when the Klon— dike was struck, and with its tributary, Squaw, was practically deserted in favor of Dawson. _ Miller creek, over in the Sixtymile, and in Canadian terri— tory, was long supposed to be in American territory, and was located and worked before the Klondike era. Gold was found in paying quantity over a large area now unworked, which is being held in large lots for speculation, and which is made particularly easy by the American laws, conceded miners alike to be bad for the country. BAR DIGGINGS. The Tortyinile river is an unfailing source of grul)st’ll(CS for miners finding themselves short of funds owing to prospecting ventures. for a hun— dred miles the bars of the river yield readily to the rocker of the miner at low water, in many places yielding large returns. I found much preparation at many points for working these bars in the winter. The river freezes down to the bottom. It is very shallow over these bars. Men were removing an average of a foot of ice which exposed the gravels of the bed of the river. ‘These are thawed by fire in the usual way. _ When rich, the gravel is rocked then and there under cover of a tent, the water for the work being heated with a Yukon stove. n not so rich, the gravel is hoisted to the bank, and there washed when the water runs in the spring. I sampled much of the dirt thus exposed and. found nothing less than five cents to the pan. I have reason for believing the reports that spots are yet found going a dollar and even better to the pan, and other spots are barren. _ ‘The river bed supports a host of prospectors looking for good diggings. I met several such who worked on the bars for a month during the summer once a year and even once in two years, this, with the yame, With which the country abounds, 'md the fish and berries, afford— ing an excellent grubstake. _ ‘The further prepara— tions found for working these bars lend credibility to e the report current, that as usual, men would be com—.. ing in from great distances in a little while to t'll\(: out their regular grubstake. _ Much of this work i done after the coldest weather is over. _ I found men already on the ground for this ‘purpose, severa having come from the Tanana, and at least two from the Arctic slope. The dredges operating in the river—and there are three, with two more on Walker‘s Fork—have caused records to be entered for applications covering pretty much all of it. — But no disposition is being displayed to interfere or hamper. _ ‘The time—honored privilege of working the bars and river bed is not likely to be wrested from the miners, as the United States issues no title either to miners or dredging companies. _ As one consequence of the 'uailability of this river to all comers, the conimunity is composed of the most indcpendent men in the North. _ Some have gone so far as to cease all effort beyond getting the yearly thirty—day grubstake, reinforced with game and wild ._ _ ‘The district has in it a number district as long as these conditions prevail, and it will be many years before the operations of the dredges and bar miners make any appreciable differ— ence. _ In any event the largest half of the river bed is too shallow for dredging, with only from a few inches to a few feet of gravel. _ Where there is insufficient water but sufficient gravel to pay, it has been suggested a system of flooding might be utilized by the dredges in order to attain sufficient depth. In so vast a country, and so difficult of pros— pecting as is the Fortymile, the value of the river as a means of renewing grubstakes cannot be over— estimated, and the writer took particular pains to disseminate information received ¥rom \/Vashi ton declaring the river open to everyone, notwithstanding ~ bars thereabouts. Qm e moutl; of Moose, have departed from the general cus— tom of staking only down to the waters ‘edge, an has staked across the stream, "snipers" to the num— ber of five are by invitation rocking as if the ground were open. Fifteen such smpers were due to arrive when I passed on the piece between Moose and Steele. Last year a "sniper" found a nugget on his grizzley too large to go through, which weighed 214 ounces. ‘This on the free strip opposite Moose. Peter George, who died a couple of years ago in the Daw— son hospitals, leaving a fortune in the neighborhood of $15,000, was a sniper on the Fortymile, and did nothing else. _ At the mouth of Moose, John Elden has completed ditch work onto a bunch of claims, the four miles of ditch costing at least $10,000, and every bit of it paid for, principally from working the often this "snipping," or working unowned ground, is carried from the river up the creeks, and it is of record that three strangers came out of Moose creek after six weeks with a thousand dollars apiece, this a few seasons ago. The Dominion boundary line is just below Moose, and one of the Davison dredges is below the bound— ary. — It is working in the bank, not the river bed. It is known that for many years the bars imme— diately below that point yielded'to the rockers more than four dollars a day in fine go From four to a hundred dollars a day is the record of the rocking on Fortymile, the higher figures be— ing reached in several localities where the bedrock has acted as the riffles in a flume It should be explained that in the shallow river bed the gravels are constantly tra\eliiig, bringing gold along. _ In this way certain localities can be and are being worked year after year, and constantly yield gold. I have dwelt this long on the river because in my opinion the Fortymile and Sixtymile countries are Yukon‘s most valuable outlying camps at present, and the Fortymile river is that camp‘s most valuable asset. Particulars of the more important streams of the Fortymile district are as follo ws: YON CRE he creek is twelve or fourteen miles long, wholly on the American side. _ ‘Ten miles of the creek is held by Dawson parties as a hydraulic and dredging . proposition. There is a aystreak through most of it that pays to drift. Eight cent pans have been obtained for four feet. Six me are on the cree and down. , or were there when I passed up SsQUAW CREEK. Fifteen men were working on Squaw creek. _ It is a tributary of Canyon, and was one of the very first creeks to be worked. _ It gold, right up to the ridge in which it leads. Adolph Skopenski, after sinking sixteen holes on No. 8, now gets as high as dollar and dollar and a half pans. Only discoveiy claim is worked out, and there is more virgin ground still left on the creek than is to be found on the famous Jack Wade. It heads with Wade, and the gold resembles Wade gold. The creek became depopulated owing to the Klondike rush. ACK WADE CREEK. Wade creek was the most extensively worked creek of the district the winter of 1908—9. It is fourteen miles from the mouth to the forks. Gold has been taken out for years ‘The workers have traced the pay down to near the mouth. I found dumps so close together—and as early as the holi— days—as to touch in some places. _ From the forks up there is much fine gold which Will pay to work when transportation gets lower.. Methods of mining are rather primitive. ‘Though tlla\\lllg is done by steam most of the ioisting is ‘still done by hand. More work is being done than for six years. On the Bower concession, near the mouth, Syen Carlson this winter found a nugget at the bot— tom of his shaft weighing $59. — Pat Slattery last summer on the benches of the "graveyard" "jump—off" gate, and by this tive means, with a limited supply of water, took out — from $30 to $100 a day. ‘This from the benches has raised high hopes for the creek when the" creek paystreak shall have been worked out. The "graveyard" claim is a title coming from the fact that ihe true paystreak thereon was discovered the formidable locations filed with the recorder locations he is not empowered to refuse, no matter how lacking in value he may consider them to be. t how the river bed is regarded is seen in the fact that where locators, as John Elden, at the through tlie burying there of the first man to die on the he spot was chosen because thought worthless and far from possible molestation. cars afterwards the gravel from the grave was accidentally panned and yielded seven still produces good: nnaiecass A bbanteda t mpriela on ollars. The body was disinterred and buried omewheré else, and a shaft where was the gra ,gqu:kly turned No. 5 into a famous clair n general way it may be mention the ridge between Jack Wade and Sqn'lvsd amq'lutarotlzl lead crops out in plain view which is sixty feet wide. When I was there, seventy—five men were wor k— mg on the creek, with no one idle. — Ind be stated generally for the entire Fortymile and Sixtymile that they only were idle who could resist ;nariy importunities to go to work. And they were ew I found many laymen and others paying bills on the creek in gold dust, which is currency there. The general prosperity is further indicated by workmen and others preferring to pay $90 a montli at the road— rather than batch. Claims are twenty there is much ground yet to be worked, With nearly all the benches yet untouched. This creek in was almost as unsatisfacto ory as Black Hills today, with many then declaring there to be no continuous paystreak down the creek. CHICKEN CREEK. F Chicken creek has been a heavy producer for many years, but has fallen away as has been stated. Notwithstanding the stoppage of much of the work ‘by bonding for selling, it is still the center of a con— siderable population. _ It is an extraordinary creek, being but five miles long, and widening out into an immense basm in the middle like a great empty lake. John Weeden, on Last Chance, a tributary, was preparing for more hydraulicking the coming sum— m § . Myers Fork is shallow summer ground and pro— owners are prospecting, and _ Stonehouse is another good tribut'iry It pro— ‘duces gold from the benches on both sides. Thc men there are married, have fine quarters and are independent of the whole world. Coal creek has a little gold on its benches. Chicken creek proper shows gold on both benches wherever opened, though owing to the immense width but little work has yet been done. On the left limit the gold in great quantity has been traced and worked up the bench clear over the divide onto the next creek, which was thereby discovered, and ‘named Lost Chicken. ‘The two Chickens are now mostly worked in the summer. _ Lost Chicken has very rich ground located. Fortunes have been very serious problem there. _ Various schemes are afoot to remedy this. — An important scheme is from Dawson some of our business men having financed enough to clean up the two Chicken creeks and ﬂbenches and also the known valuable benches on ‘the main river. everal miles of ditch and a big ’dam have been constructed ,! NGLE CREEK, Ingle comes into the Fortymile six miles above Chieken It is only five miles long, but had seven ‘Outflts of men working there, who work both Winter ‘and summer. _ ‘The gold I was shown — was quantity, and of e\cellent quality. _ G. C. St. Florens ds estimated a very wealthy man. sOUTH FORK AND TRIBUTARIES. The South Fork now divides off into many great tributaries but very slightly known. Mosquito Fork es long, and a superficial C)\Z’ln”llﬂatl()ll which is 'i.ll it has yet received, shows more or les ‘gold all along. _ It heads against the Tanana, and has immense flats of gravel five and ten miles wide. The Dennison Fork enters the South Fork and %iis also 125 miles long. Nothing at all is known excepting that where the benches at the mouth have been investigated they have yielded g Moose is a tributary of \losquito t\\ciity miles _from‘the mouth, is about eight or nine miles long, and shows gold everywhere. l Ketchumstock is another tributary of the Soulh Fork of the Fortymile. _ ‘The Ketchumstock tribe of MIndians have their epcampment at the: mouth, hence "the name. — The stream is about thirty—five miles long, shows gold everywhere, and heads in the most | nsive of gravel beds fifty milcs across the im— <mense flats of the ‘Tanana slop | In connection with these comp'ira \tributaries it remains to be said that trails were well ‘beaten all winter with parties of stakers and pros— pectors, lending color to the claim of the Cl'llCl(Cln creek people that there are no less than 200 people in that neighborhood. — ‘The most extravagant all‘ltl- cipations are indulged in as to the future of that unknown region, and vast areas artC being held, 1){‘llll< cipally with the financial aid of Dawsonites. e Clalms are twcni\ acres, with cight of these held as n "Association" tively unknown claim, and but work to the amount DAWSON DAILY NEWS. of $100 required on this association claim. _ ‘These assomation claims in turn are held in bunches, while, owing to the remoteness of the region, even this poor cxcusc of representation is easily avoided alto— gether by restakiiig, or cut down to zero by a little shoveling in the snow. — However, there is no crowd— ing at the present time to make these conditions serious. BURNING COAL BEDS. On the divide between the two Chickens I found the coal beds with which those streams are partially underlaid to be burning. Notwithstanding the ex— nely low temperature at the time I was there, the ground was so hot from these subterrancan fires as to burn the feet in places. I saw one man whose moccasins had been dcstroyed in this . manner. his coal on Chicken creek is feund in places and coal seams and stringers in others. _ Both the grave and stringers carry gold. _ In fact, the richest pans tlie creek has shown have been accompanied by coal, c been picked out of the coal seams. Coal — is plCl\C(_l fiom the tailing piles in summer to sharpen picks or to be mixed with wood and used for fuel under boilers. I found this gravel coal in stores being used in the stoves. § On the other limit of the South Fork is Walker‘s Fork, now practically given over to dredging, though some clainis are held near the mouth. ‘The black sand here shows curiously. Forty—two ounces yield— ed $11 .in gold which could not be found by panning, and thirty—one ounces of magnetic iron ore. NAPOLEON. Napoleon was a non— —producer, having fallen into the hands of the N. A. ‘ T. company. Last year a lay was given and the ground proved very rich. The layman with one man in a short time washed out 283 ounces. It heads with Jack Wade. It was 31 work filings were made at the American recording office while & was t CESSIBILITY. The region is hard to enter, freights are high and distances great. I cannot on this ‘matter than to brief]y quote U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 345, of 1 “Tr'insportation to the creeks of Fortymile region has always been difficult, and the situation has been rendered more complex by the presence of the inter— son, Yukon ‘Territory, and freighted up Fortymile creek on the ice by horse sleighs during the winter months. _ About 400 tons was shipped by this method (in 1907) for the dredge on Walker‘s Fork, and a hundred tons for the dredge below Franklin creek. _ ‘The freight rate from Tortymile Post to the latter locality was $70 per ton in 1907. _ Summer freighting on Fortyinile creek boa loads of material are frequently lost or long delayed by low. water. he rates from Fortymile to the farthest locality, Chicken creek, are about 25 cents Cattle are frequently driven overland n the wagon road from Dawson to Glacier, a dis— taiice of sixty miles, and thence to the various creeks on the Alaska side, where they are sold." DREDGES Four modern dredges and a dipper dredge were found in the Fortymile and its tributaries. ‘The dipper dredge was on Pump bar, below the mouth of Franklin gulch, and is unde rstood to have been dis— continued. _ All t wood for the summer campaign. is on the Canadian side of the boundary, and has a capacity of 3000 yards per day. boundary has a capacity of 1500 cubic yards. ‘The Electrical Elevator on Bonanza. at one time regarded highly, and is expected now to make good. THE FORKS. Russell King, the dredge man, has taken an option on the South Fork. His prospecting forces began work on the ground this spring. The North Fork is but very littie known. _ Few have been up there. It heads against the Tanana, and wherever prospected at all has shown gold. Montana, Confederate, Fish, Gold Run, Wilson and Bear are a few of the hundred sub—creeks there awaiting the prospector. ‘The region is remote and difficult to get supplies into. _ Also it is on the way to nowhere, which accounts for its being so little known. It is of record that John Meeklin got coarse gold and a nugget weighing $42 from there. _ Only two or three men are known to be up there. FRANKLIN. This is the oldest gulch up the Fortymile, and is still a produtcr, and a money maker for those stay— ing with The output last year, when a few men returned to the old standby, was increased nearly twice. In the neighborhood of Chicken and Attwater the bars of the Fortymile have been very rich, yielding millions. They are still being worked, and large areas of the river valley are being newly bonded to proposing hydraulic and dredge companies. Particulars were not obtainable of the fifty— three quartz locations on the American side at the head of the White. Twenty—six locations stand in the names of Dawson men, and another twenty assessment "’cglgi,a_a___llllllllllllllll_.....__.___JlllllllllllIlB’3 —Photo by Doody. otlier two dredges are on the upper end of Walker‘s For heir capacity would be somewhere between the other two. ood work of the machine on the Canadian side was especially noticeable, best of unfrozen ground having .been encountered. It is current the. work was particularly profit— able which is the more easily believed in that the river at that point has for nniiy years been a favorite resort for / sniper Regardincf the S. government road to the Fortymile river from Eagle, it remains to be said the road was designed for the purpose of diverting valuable trade from Dawson to Eagle. _ But the distance is greater, two sumimits have to be crossed, and it is the opinion of all the Fortymilers except— ing a few at Chicken that the money spent is prac— tically wasted. During the winter, while many hun— dreds of tons from Dawson, Fortymile Post and even Whitehorse were being delivered in the dis— trict, a single freighter from Eagle was spending weeI\s and spending several times the value of his load. in shO\eling a way through the snow on those Eagle summits. he conditions appear to . be these, and the same would likely prevail were there a road built along the benches of the Fortymile r, even without summits to climb or snow to surmount. . In the winter time teamsters would ]llllc naturally prefer the level ice of the river, and in the summer time no teamster could begin to com— pete with the polling boats which deliver freight as high up as Chicken creek. _ In short, the geo— giaphical position is such, nothing can happen to from Dawson any consnlcrablc share of the tiadc and profits of that region. mm es veennamepemmessr i’\ususososnsusus«susus«sustﬂ:sns«suso\“susttsu‘ususosnsﬂ- LUNA PARK OF THE GOLD METROPOLIS—DAWSON‘S AMATEUR ATLHETIC CLUB 3 DAWSON DAILY . NEW S. Fascinating Story of How People, with Aid of Walter Creamer s Genius, have Unceasmg Round of Pleasure j YUKON‘S GREAT AMUSEMENT PLACE 3 <oz 63 es C > . 6 3 o. 6 9 o. o 3 tm 5 > zm 65 Cz 69 m o P o. t 3 o. 6 3 o. 6 $ <oum. o ofe ‘!ﬂ“"“‘"\"‘(“("lﬂ‘l~i“~‘~’s‘ WHAT is there in Dawson to help one wear through the long any diversion, :my resort 0 amusement winters? Under one mammoth roof, virtually a part of the municipality and as not— able a branch of the Yukon public af— f’llrS as the Capitol building or any porti of the government, is the Dawson Amateur Athletic Club. This institution numbers among its sup— porters and its adherents almost every man, woman and child of Dawson, and many who live on the gold creeks sur— rounding the city within a radius of three score miles. Not only is this club the center of in winter, hold on the public attention. It is here that in winter the great enclosed ice skating rink attracts devotees of all ages, who, making up a neatly and gaily clad throng spin merrily over the long stretches of carefully prepared ice surfaces; it is here that the mardi gras of the Northland is held each winter, and here that the children hold minor carnivals. It is here that many of the swiftest and most expert skaters of the world join in that swiftest of all or the flower fetes in the sunny climes of the South. It is in this capacious pavilion also that many an athletic contest between world champions has been held and added to the multipli— portion is an excellent club room with billiards, reading room and other com— forts of life, including a buffet, and attached is a large gymnasium and hand ball room, with shower baths. And last, but not least to be enumer— ated, is the home of the Dawson Curl— ing Club, the second largest club of the kind in the world and the club ing experts than any other club on earth. Being added to this are four large bowling alleys, and the curling capacity is being doubled this year. The entire athletic.club building covers an area of 100 by 200 feet, and the front portion, wh re the somal curlers per capita than any other city on the globe. ‘The entire premises of the Dawson Amateur Athletic Club are lighted by electricity, and the many rooms heat— ed with steam. _ Every modern con— venience is afforded in the club, and any metropolis of America will do well to show as great a variety of amuse— ments and conveniences on as large a scale under one roo The D. A. A. A—as it is known locally—is the luna park of Dawson. It is here that all classes meet in com— mon chase after fleeting hours pleasure, and the needful recreation which mankind craves and especially must have in this land where winters e long and the outdoor diversions necessarily limited. It is to Clement B. Burns that the credit is due of hav— ing conceived an promulgated the idea of such an institution in Daw Mr. Burns, the present territorial and federal secretary in Territory, on his arrival here in 1902, perceived at once the need of such a resort. Wit the loyal support of a few Klondikers, he soon had the matter cerystallized, and the movement under way. $45,000 needed to defray the cost of erection and first installations was pledged in a month. he plans were prepared immediately, and a few weeks later the structure was completed. But at first the resort did not have the hold on the people that it has to— day. It was not until Walter Creamer, the now Barnum of Klondike, took hold of the property, that it was con— verted into the Park . of Yukon. ‘The attractions up to that time were handled more or less desul— torily, but Creamer, when given the whip hand, worked out the same mar— velous results that were obtained by the two geniuses who created Luna Park. Creamer asked for a chance to throw himself. He had the confidence of the managcmeiit and he got the chance. No one of the management re— grets it. Creamer has made the place not only a financial success instead of a losing proposition, but has defray— d the expense many. additional features, and has made everyone in Dawson feel that he or she has a per— sonal interest in the place. Concerts with brass band and orchestra ‘are given in connection with many of the carnivals and contests, and at skating parties, and the immense galleries and boxes nearly always are filled. Men with the peculiar iiituition '-h ol s heavy financial undertaking in such a venture as this are few througliout the world. But Creamer is a genius of just this kind, and Yukon is fortunate in having him here. ter any other field in such work it would be Dawson‘s loss, but a great gain to the other commimity, be it anywhere from Gotham to Melbourne. Mr. Burns, founder of the club, writ— ing mo(lestly of the institution, at re‘ quest of the editor, says: "In the summer of 1902 a number of geiitlemcii met in the Gold Commis— sioner‘s of the Government Building in Dawson and formed the Dawson Amateur Athletic Association. They were ten in number. Since that time the association proper has grown to a membership of 165. ‘The original idea of the association was to erect a club house, skating and curling riiiks L{ymiiasmm readin and scheme have been carried out, and in addition there have been installed a billiard room, with English and American tablcs, a buffet bar and a splendid swimming tank for use in summer. _A further feature which is in contemplation is that of bowling alleys, which are to be built during the present summer. Should he ever en—. The whole building, with its various braiiches of sport and lCCl‘Cdthn, com— rises an,. institution, which, in the opinion of the majority, outelasses anything of its kind north of Seattle. "The building occupied by the asso— ciation cost $45,000, and has conferred istinct benefit. on the town. It is safe to say that without it Dawson would be a remarkably quiet town, es— pecially in winter, as the ‘D ‘Three A‘s‘ is certainly the centre of soc1a1 life during that period of the yea Skating carnivals for adults and child ren, hockey matches, curling bonspiels, smoking concerts and dances follow each other in quick succession.. ‘Then, too, the members occasionally suspend that ironclad rule against permitting ladies in the club rooms, for several times durin the winter they throw PS Each succeeding spring finds us look— ing back upon what every member regards as ‘the most successful season in the club‘s history. "The skating rink of the D.A.A.A. is 75 by 175 feet; the two old curlmg rinks 30 by 150 and the swi tank 26 by In the natatorium, which occupies in summer the vast space devoted in the winter to curling, are many private dressing rooms, with steam heat for accommodation of the bathers when out of the water, and steam for keeping the temperature of the water equable. Connected with the gym, the curling department, the skating rink and all such are lockers and similar accommodations, and sep— arate dressing rooms for the ladies who skate or indulge in the other sports. ‘The resort on the whole is one of the boasts of Yukon, and a vast factor in the economic fe"itures of Klondike life." —_—_———o PROSPEROUS VANCOUVER IND Amongst the many flourishing in— dustries which are to be found in Vancouver, ‘none made greater strides than the Vmcouver Engineer— ing Works, Ltd., and to those who have failed to appreciate the extra— ordinary development which has taken place in Britsh Columbia in recent years. the existence of so modern and complete an engineering estabhsh« ment may well cause some surprise. The plant comprises machine shop iron foundry, boiler, pipe and hlack— smith shops. pattern shop, warehouse. etc., and to these will shortly be added a steel foundry capable of turning out high—class steel castings up to five tons in weig hen it is mention— ed that there is no steel foundry plant in Canada west of the Great Lakes, the importance of this development will be fully apprecnted and there can be no doubt, in view the growing demand for steel in place of cast—iron, that there is a big future for this de— partment of the Vancouver Engineer— ing. Works, While the variety of work handled by this company covers everything re— qiiircd for the sawmill, logging and mining industries, and lnﬂnllf'l(‘fllrlnf.{ generally, it may be noted that spe— cial attention has always been_given to the requirements of the mining in— dustry, and rivetted steel pipe, hydrau— lic monitors, dump cars tramways are only a in which this company may be said to specialize. A recent achievement of the Van— 9 ons o $+9 oz 5 f+ 9 tm 5 4 couver Engineering Works, Ltd., was the fitting of the steamer "Senator Jansen" (owned by the Fraser River Lumber Company, Ltd., of Millside, with complete sternwhcel cngines and locomotive—type The engines are designed for a work— ing pressure of no less than 200 lbs. per square inch, a pressure which has hitherto been employed only in rail— road locomotive service and river caused great interest and it is a satisfaction to be able to state that has developed a turn of speed which enables her to—pass anything at present operating on that waterway. In conclusion it may be stated that whilst the Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd., has always made a spe— cialty of mining plant, the interests of the other industries which are rapidly eing developed in British Columbia y no means been neglected. Logging engines, refuse burners, steel tanks, boilers of every description, transmisison plant castings of sizes are only a of the lines in which this company is doing a large and growing business, and to those who have to do with the manufactur— ing industries of the province, a visit to the works cannot fail to prove of the greatest interest. E————o leatea m PERCY SHARPLE, ARTIST Of all the amateur artists who have worked in the th, none more de— serves attention than Percy Sharpe, the designer of the cover page of this publication. Mr. S e is a man still ascendmg the sunny slope of the twentic¢s, and has before h ising career. land beneath the southern cross, but since coming America from the Antipodcs he has gained most of his rominence as an artist. In British Columbia he tarried but a short time after landing from — Australia, and shortly afterwards was in Here the spell of the North and the lure of the gold held him a prisoner to that enravishing hope which is the backbone of every persevering Klondiker. Sliarpe has not faltered in his desire. He has not waited to see his brothers recover the fulsome poke by sweat of brow and crucifix— ion of the muscle while he has idled in artistic dreams, but he has taken the pick and the shovel, and has gone down into the bowels of the earth like every rugged miner of the Northland, Preferring artistic work to that of mining, he has taken for he time what has seemed most ex— pedient and. promi smg of quick re— turns, but he ever is called back to the penCil and the brush. He had instructions in the elements of ar— tistic work in his native town, and with more experience he will be heard from at large. Mr. has done a number — of _ s~lendid sketches on moose and caribou skin and with charcoal and_ in water colors as well as with pen and ink. Yukon themes are his favorite, and his work has been quite the talk of Klondike this season. g—9 . chiel \ ILLIE, a little country boy, six years of age, was taken one Sunday night to a large city church, where he saw for the first time a vested choir prise and grnhﬁc’ition kept wide awake, but seemed greatly interested in every part of the service. At its close he turned to her and said, "I like this church; it is so nice to watch the preacher when he comes out Wit”h all his wives in their night— gown I f z | | j l f l DAWSON DAILY NEW S. DAWSON AMATEUR ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. (Photo by Ellingsen). 2 WALTER CREAMER, Manager of Dawson Amateur Athletic Association. (P! cA A. A. 4. CURLING BONSPIEL ON DAWSON RINKS. 5. NATA a ‘"esoale RECEPTIONROOMS D. A, A, A, fimillrotto o oX AMATEUR ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. CORNER IN CLUB ROOM D 6. 1. HOME OF THE DAWSON by Adams, Dawson.) 3. mss memecssnsers J. L. LABBE. Owner of Timber Berths and Pro— prietor of the Brunswick Hotel HE continued activity and the i t of gold in the country, and it is these men who are depended on to build up the region and make it one of permanent worth. The men who have lived here for years and continue to invest their J. L. Labbe ence, and he promises not only to con— tinue to handle his present large hold— ings with every smile of fortune, but to enlarge his big operations as the camp advances. While conducting the Brunswick hotel, which is at the corner of Queen Street and Third Avenue, in one of the most prominent places in the city, DAWSON DAILY NEWS. by the big companies in thawmg tlie frozen golden gravels in t mer of 1907 Mr. Labbe cut 'md sup- plied the Yukon Gold Company, bet— ter known as the Guggenheims, with 5,000 cords of wood. ‘The undertak— ing was one of the heaviest up to th t time ever attempted in the wood business in the Yukon During the present year Mr. Labbe is getting out for the Dawson market 5,000 cords of finest spruce wood. ore men are at work on d will continue dike river, dragged ashore at Dawson or nearby and piled on the beach ready for the market. ‘The cost of landing this immense drive in Daw— son will run $40, 0 or more, and by the time it is placed on the Daw- son market will bring half a hundred thousand or more. e wood camp and messhouse are maintained on the lim hile making his headquarters at the Brunswick, Mr. Labbe leaves the details of the work there to others, but is the real manager himse r. Labbe is a native of St. Luce, Quebec, where he first saw the light of day in 1862. He is one of the fear— less adventurers who crossed the fam— ous Chilkoot Pass in the rush days of the Klondike, and was present on the pass at the tim above Stewart one of the finest rafts of logs landed at Dawson for 1 business— experience of Mr. Labbe did not by any means begin with his coming to Yukon. but 18 years of age he was in the grain business in Halifax Later he made a stake of $50,000 in the boom— ing city of Duluth, and last it in the crash there in the panic of 1893. Af— terward he engaged in exploring and developing in the Rainy Lake district CAPTAIN MILLERS SUCCESS. How Persistence Won in Coal Oper— <ations in Yukon—Future Bright. APTAIN CHARLES E. MIL— f Dawson, who has dis— covered aiid opened more coal proper— ies in Yukon Territory than any other man, predicts that the country, as soon as adequate low cost of transporting coal is provided, will need no other fuel than coal. e says: "‘The splendid coal deposits of this territory are assets of incalculable valu raised in the time the Steetler coal mines, working 100 men on anthracite properties in Pennsylvania, I feel that I am quali— fied to some extent to judge of coal when I see it. An experience of nine years in the coal center of Harriman, ‘Tennessee, also afforded me further bservations as to coal, and when I came to Yukon I saw, after a few years spent here in other pursuits, that coal was one of the great oppor- tunities here, just the same any other part of the world." Capt. Miller located the Five Finger coal mines; the ‘Tantalus mines and ~‘Tantalus Butte mines, all in tlie vicinity of Five Fingers. Georg armack, discoverer of gold on Bon- Captain Charles E. Miller Photo by Duclos. anza, was the real discoverer of coal at Five Fingers, but it remained for Miller to know the value and locate. ‘The outcrop was in plain view to any passerby. Miller took the property in 1900 and got it opened. After three years he located the Tantalus, oper— ated it. two years, taking out 4,000 tons.. He then leased it to the White Pass Company, the present lessees: Next Miller located the ‘Tantalus Butte property, two and a half miles up stream from the ‘Tantalus. ‘The captain, when he had determin— ed from the conditions that such coal must‘be in the vicinity, located the Butte property in five minutes after getting on the ground. ‘To him the Brunswick Hotel only one block from the post office, Mr. Labbe devotes a great share of his time in directing the extensive operations on his timber berths, near the canyom, 60 miles up the Klondike river. Mr. Labbe has six timber berths covering a total of twenty miles along the Klondike river. r the last four years he has been cutting timber from the Klondike berths, and floatin ker and Bonanza creeks, and to Daw— son. He has supplied some of the largest contr'icts ever fulfilled in the Klon ‘The wood is the finest grade of spruce, and is used largely —Photo by Eillingsen. between ‘Winnipeg and Port Arthur, extensive tracts of mineral —lands which he still holds. He also has valuable improved business property in Port Arthur, where his brother, Phillip Labbe, formerly of Dawson, is in the concrete business, and is a cit councilman and a trustee of the gov— ernment mining school and extensive holder of property. Notwithstanding the fact Mr. Labbe‘s hotel was burned once in D'iwson, he has gotten to the front again, and intends to remain here with his wife and little child, Amanda, and to keep abreast the times with the development of Dawson and Yukon. "blossom" was an open book,. _ Many inexperi en had sought it there, but not knowmg the blossom when they saw it, missed a great thing. ‘The ‘Tanta lus or second mine, has, Miller estimates, 5,000,000 tons under the water line. "©The mines about ‘Tantalus," says the captain, "contain enough coal to steam heating furnace, in Dawson and Yukon for uiitold years, and even with It now costs $2.50 to put the coal on the barge, and it could be landed in Dawson with proper con— stant line of coal business throughout e season for $5.00 a ton. . Different companies in the Yukon, however, E. have spent three— quarters of a million do 6 t I feel satisfied gotten on suceessfully with large ven— tures of the kind without capital, I will retain my interests, feeling popu— lation will make it a great asset in time, but I may: exploit fields else— where meantime." pt. Miller is a true Yukoner. He has his family here. He was born in Mauchchunk, Pa., i living in that state and Tennessee un— til 1897, came to Dawson; built the Yukon sawmill liere, later went to steamboating, running the Clara and the Reindeer, and after the burning of the Reindeer took to the coal exploit— ation in Yukon. 0 H. B. WELCH SUCCEEDS. One of the marked successes in farming in Yukon has been made by H. B. Welch, of Minto. Coming north acres in crop this year, and plans to increase the acreage yearly. He finds oats, wheat and barley develop and ripen in most seasons without frost. He says: "Wheat may never be a source of revenue, but will be valuable feed for fowls and pigs. Western rye grass is best suited of any grass to this climate and soil. ‘Not all land pro— duces dry, mealy, saleable potatoes. Mine is a sandy loam that thaws deep, and produces the dryest spuds in my opinion, grown in Yukon ukon. I have a vast range naturally enclosed and easy of access. Much good land is open here, and it is my intcntion to encourage neighbors, with hopes of having near here the first large farmmg community in Yukon. This is my greatest desire, my aim being to determine st'ibility of farm— ing as a livelihood. I have 34,000 feet ground floor of buildings, and will in— crease largely this year. m prepar— ing to make a thorough test of adapt— ability of small fruits to this climate. When the secret of wintering them is found bush fruits particularly can be made to pay. I am here to prove it, if possible. ‘Time and innumerable ex— periments have shown me that certain things will pay, notably potatoes. The prolifiicness of vegetables in has for some time been established." pr es igans ns ~ G. A. HATCH, FARMER. A. Hatch, one of the most suc— cessful Yukon farmers, is situated on Hatch‘s island, in the ukon river, a mile and a half above Daw bought the island in 1901. It was heavily timbered with cottonwood. He nlanted his first potatoes in 1902. The product was sour and. watery, and anything but inviting. He watch— ed the seasons and planted under a little different conditions The sec— ond and third year tons or more of potatoes a year. They have become acclimatized and are u Burbanks, Early Ohios and varieties, which equal ariything raised in the States He also raises all other vegetables, and oats. And the crops are bumpers every year. He raises hogs and chickens, which consume the waste farm produce, and thus gets every profit possible from his efforts. e finds a ready market in Dawson Mr Hatch‘s goods are so well and favorably known that he is required to spend little or no time in market— ing. "ALABAMA BILL." Fascmatmg Story of Bill Ansley, One e Best Known Men . of Yukon Wm. Ansley, better l\nown as "Ala« bama Bill," was a locomotive engineet on the Louisville & NasliVille Railway at Birmingham, Alabama, when ~tt Klondike gold strike startled l:g world. Bill got the Klondike fever, resigned his position on the road, and. aeceptcd the managership of the "Bes— e Cox Gold Mining and Prospecting \t,ompany, composed of his fellow employees on the railway. Bill left for Dawson February 6, 1898, with a grubstake of $800. He agreed to pay his expenses into the country and to buy the grub and to remain two )ears He did not know the big expen which would attach, and the $800 di not prove enough for even one year. But by holding down to a diet of pork and beans—usmrr bacon so strong that when it was cooked it always drove him from the cabin — he pulled through as agreed in the contract. Packing his outfit of 1,500 pounds over the terrible Chilkoot Pass, Bill sledded it to Little Windy Arm, where he built a boat, and embarked May 26 for Dawson. companied Bill under the same agree— ment with the same company. They three fell in ith two other men, making a party of five. Arriving at Whitehorse Rapids, all of the five but Bill refused to shoot the rapids. Bill had all the packing he wanted.. Gus Mercier, another of the party, con— cluded that he had rather die than have word go back to old "Alabam" that he showed the white feather, so he joined Bill, and they and a hired man, Pete Lorensen, took the scow through the seething waters. The Ansley party arrived at the mouth of the Stewart, and there made a serious mistake, for the time, by go— ing up the Stewart. ‘They spent the summer prospecting, but none of them knew the first thing about the work. Returning to the mouth of Stewart the last of August, they split their outfht. Bill gave the two others about $200 cash each, and their share of grub. Bill had managed to retain over $600 of the grubstake of $800 that each had at first. ‘The two others left the Klondike in ‘99 without success. Ansley staked several good claims, but owing to nditions then which were understood by all them recorded. He g "Alabama Bill" from the sign he hung in front of his cabin at the mouth of Bonanza the winter of 1898 99. ‘The sign read "Alabama Point," which was two miles from Dawson and known to every Sourdough. _ After two vears’ stampeding and prospecting, Bill v to work on two below upper on Do— minion, running one 0 of the first steam plants on the creek, running the plant until the claim was almost worked e bought a roadhouse, did a big credit business, and had to sell out to pay bills in Dawson. He then went work running a steam plant for “Spieler Kelly" on 22 below upper Do— minion, broke but a much wiser man, and vowing never again to seel hootch, nor ever do credit l)usmess, zind until rr river and started a and hunted and bought and sold furs and such. Yukon boats well remember him, a spring he generally had a bear or two hanging in front of is cabin. He killed eleven bears the sprmg of 1906, and while there about six years was very successful in hanting. — He is in the c*(press, transfer and wood busi— wson, and everyone knows his cheerful voice, S 2 dte c i: w o 3 ness in is his happy hcc, an and everyone who has dealt with Bill knows he gives the best of sc“rvue and prompt attention, and that Alabama Bill" always is there with the goods. DAWSON DAILY NEW S. JAMES F. MACDONALD. ¢ s MacDonald, now serving the inlaiid revenue department of the Do— minion as inspector of wei hts and quite well along in years, and where he was connected with commercial busme_ss He served as a munic ipal councillor in Inverness, his native ounty, for two terms r a osmon with Geo. Munro‘s Sons, Publil New York. He made lie'ldquarteis at St. Louis, and repre— sented the firm several years, while traveling through Kansas, Iowa and Nebras le came to Daws n 1899, and opeiied the postoffice money James J. Macdonald order department under Postmaster Hartinan He was elected alderman 1 1902, and again in 1903; and mayor 19 'in 04. _ Mrs. \lacDonald formerly was Miss Trekell of Kansas City, Mo Mr. MacDonald and family re— sidc in Dawson. (Hemic hm erom ELI VERREAU. Few men in Yukon have waged their way to success in this new country with more persistence against more daily physical obstacles than those who have won their laurels on the mail routes of the realm. ‘The foremost of all mail carriers in the North is Eli Verreau, contractor car— rying the Canadian and United States mails on the Dawson—Eagle route. Eli received his strenuous schooling under no less a master musher and hustler than rare old Ben Downing, long since called over the last trail to the camp of the last stampede. Eli started work on the Dawson—Eagle route with Ben in 1900. He had been here then a year, and was a hand— some, rovust young man, well fitted to the trying work. rough the summer time they carried the mail down river in canoes and skiffs, and came back on the lower river steam— ers. In the fall, when the ice floes began to form, they sallied forth in their canoes until forced to take scows newly formed rim of perils of late fall and late spring on the ice, and of the few periods of ex— treme cold snaps on the Yukon are faced by these intrepid carriers with— out hesitation. They take their lives in their hands, and the regularity with which they deliver the mails under the most trying stress of the extremes of conditions which prevail a short time each year has made them admir— ed and honored for their work by all Yukoners. — Eli in particular is known as a man who will get there if any— one can, and what is possible for force to perform against he is the man who ex— emplifies it in his daily wor FRED NEWMAN, GARDENER. the most energetic and suc— cessful Klondike gardeners and farm— ers is Fred Newman, of Sunnydale, op— posite Klondike City, and three miles above Dawson. Properly speaking, he is on Duck island. ewman has 14 acres under cultlvation, where he has been the last five yea He has rais— ed as high as seven tons of potatoes to the acre, and has splendid success with cabbage, carrots and other var— icties of vegetables. Mr. Newman well deserves the suc— cess which has attended his efforts. In taking this island ground, he found it covered with a growth of timber which required much hard labor in clear— ing the trees and s .. However, the low lands along the river are dry— est and best for gardening, and he magnificent garden site, est and freshest of garden truck. Mr man came to Klondike from 5t. Louis, Mo. He saw that the Klon— dike is a country which has agricul— tural possibilities and determined that he would n t the opportunity pass of getting sure money from rich loam Some of the potatoes raised by Mr. l\ewman would be prize winners as to der in any part of the wor is because of constant growth under the never setting midnight sun. 0 KELLY PLACER GROUPS. Two of the largest and most per— sistently developed properties on Quartz are the groups of W. P. Kelly. ‘The oldest comprises Nos. 27, 28A, 29, 30, 31, 31A and 45 below A. Mack‘s discovery, a total of more than half a ground Mr. Kelly is ground sluicing on the benches. He cleaned up over $1,500 there in two months last year working alone. ‘The ground is 18 to 27 feet deep and carries two to eight feet of gravel on the creek bottom. This group begins where the rich bench pay of Quartz creek falls into the creeks, Mr. Kelly‘ssecond group comprises Kelly‘s discovery and Nos . 4, w on Indi'in, controlling the mouth of Quartz. The at the mouth of Quartz on this group was worked in early days. Billy Radford, discoverer of Quartz, and his partner, rocked out as high as there in one day, and frequently got $5.00 or moré a day to the man. Many others, including Chris Olsen, took out grubstakes there in early days Mr. Kelly staked Kelly‘s location in this group, and also got the other claims two years ago, and has repre— sented them continuously, holding them for dredging properties. He ac— quired his first Quartz creek claims in ‘98. 9t s o <o foal ks Ens > oo ate ie oote ue rnien PRETTY—PATTERSON GROUP. A. E. Pretty and N. M. Patterson have five promising bench claims on the left limit of Fortymile below Steele at the junction of ‘T‘win creek. They will take with a ditch water from Twin two miles from the mouth to hydraulic the ground. ‘The talings will have a perpendicular drop of 250 feet. ‘This group comprises some of the best ground in the entire Forty- mile district. Colors are found in the gravel from the grass roots down, is characteristic in the Fortymile gold district. ‘There is practically no over— burden on the property, and the depth of gravel is as great as 60 feet. ‘Tun— nels and shafts are being run in the opening of the property. Work this season starts in June. ‘The owners are well known at Dawson, their head— quarters, and have been in the coun— try mining for years, FINE YUKON ART. Exquxsrte Line of Work Done in Da: wson—Original Klondike To the stranger ViSiting Dawson there is no fascinating as the a h store is gathered the fmcst collection of Indian novelties, pyrographic de— signs, moose skin and caribou skin work, and Indian baskets ever assem— bled in Yukon The work in this store represents the efforts of the aborigines scat— tered across the broad Northland from the Arctic ocean to the slopes of the Pacific, from the Rocky Mountains to Bering Sea. It likewise represents the efforts of many white hunters and other adventurers who have contribut— ed toward assembling here these rare works of art. ‘The pyrographic work, done on moose skin and caribou skin, is peculiarly Yukonese Not only are the burnt figures employed to heighten the be'ulty, but the material on which the figures are made is so deSigned and cut as to form fasci ng lanterns, which can be illuminated with electric lights; window luminaries, through .which the sunlight can throw its rays in heightening the beauties of photo— nphic prints placed therein; n sketches done on qnarters or full size, skins; and in many other forms attrac— tive to the eye. The demand for this —work has V Dawson the last few years have ob— tained work which they have carried away With them to be shown to the friends or to keep as mementoes. A large and splendid collection of Yukon souvenir books, replete with pictorial half tone sketches afford an— other feature of the store. Beside this the house also carries a great many gold streams, glimpses of the beautiful modern parks, waterfront scenes an the many cosy homes of Dawson like— wise add to the collection. ‘The artists who have contributed most to the work are Miss Dorothy Ogburn and Percy Sharpe. They have been in the Yukon years and have caught the spirit of the North, Miss i of Morte Craig, of much of the attractive pyrographic work and moose skin caribou skin luminaries which have become so not— ed here and abroad. Since undertak— ing the work alone she promises to distance the old m Mr. Sharpe is an Australian who has drifted into the w line. mining, and is a real miner—artist. Mr. harpe designed the cover page for this publication. In the same block: Butler & Faulk— swell ice cream parlor. or iiiqmrics in respect to any of their lines receive prompt attention. Harold W. Butler and Clare Faulkner are the proprietors. 36 DAWSON DAILY NEWS. ~w\otu~u~o‘sbsﬂosnso\nsﬂﬂsus; AERIAL TRAMWAYS C. W. Stancliffe.) Photos Used by Courtesy of Messrs. Ropeways, Ltd., London, E. C. 9 on 69 m gofe o o 53 k 6fe 5 o. 5 5 o. 5 3 . 5 $ o. o fo $ o. o $ e 5 $ o. 6 $ o. o ++ $ . o $ o. o ife I N a rough and mountainous coun— try like British Columbia and the Yukon, it is not surprising that c siderable interest is being taken in the transport, more advantages, both in respect . of cost, and maintenance than the Aerial Ropeway system. Going back to the history of acrial ropeways, we find that even the ab— original races used a milar ar— rangement, though very primitive, d were accustomed to twist fibre strands together into a rope, and use same for hauling goods and passen— gers across streams and ravines in places of bridges. ming to later history we find that a Dutch engineer about the year 1644 was the first to use an aerial ropeway, but as only hemp ropes pm }.s which cannot be overcome by means, of aerial ropeways, and their capa— bilities have now been so thoroughly tested in different countries and climates, that the experimental stage is past, and they have proved their economy with regard to working ex— penses, reliability and simplicity. Then again, an acrial ropeway is free from interruption by and does not interfere with traffic beneath, nor is it subject to stoppages by floods or snow, and can be run night and day. A further great advantage is that where the gradient is in favor of the load, the ropeway becomes self- acting, not only giving off suffi— cient power to haul up the empties but also sometimes leaving surplus energy, which can be utilised for other purposes. Provided the de— 3. MONK & CO ‘S ROPEWAY, BLAI\E MO’\ITANA-—LENGTH 750 YARDS IN ONFE SPAN—BY ROPEWAYS, LIMITED. were available, the system did not advance until the advent of the wire rope the year 1834, from which time onwards they have become mcreasmgly popular aerial ropeways are very obVious be— building of railways or roads would entail enormous expense out of all proportion to the value of the prop— osrtion in hand the carriage of ores, mer— chandisc shingle bolts logs and for contractors‘ work i e building. of bridges, etc., transporting the material from ban ank it has proved its economy. srs Ropeways, Ltd., have even successfully erected a p]ant to pick up complete wagons with their loads, traverse, and place them on the track at the other side of a river Another class of ropeways known as suspended cableways is also ex— ceedingly useful for dam construc— ion, as well as connection with certain kinds of quarry work. is . scarcely any obstacle livery station is at a lower elevation than the loading station, the ropeway will be self—acting according to the difference in elevation, notwithstand— ing that the buckets may have to travel to a considerable ~height be— fore reaching the down grade. be. divided Systems.—Thes broadly into two distinct types i at in which the loads are suspended from carriers or small trolleys running along fixed cables, an rawn or controlled by a sep— arate traction rope, or, hat in which a single endless constantly moving rope not only supports the load, but carries it along Each of these types differ in de— tail according to the duty and kind of med. work to be perfor While the first of these systems has found ‘favor in Germany and on the contment the endless moving rope system, as perfected b J. Pearce Roe, is not only doing all that is claimed for the first system, both in regard to the hourly ca— pacity and_ weight of loads, but also in the very success— ful working of long spans, and steep gradient, whilst being cheaper in cost, more economical in the working, and less complicated. Installations on Roe‘s system have 8 I over some of the ground, with very long steep gradients, whilst being cheaper and more economical with capacities of over 80 tons per hour, which speaks for itse Amongst the disadvantages of the double rope No. 1 system, as compar— ed with the movmg rope system may be mentione wo sets of cables, making cost of renewing ropes much more, there being more ropes to replace. The rail cables being fixed, are subject to uneven wear at different parts of the line, and suffer severly at elevations or ridges, while again, the wear is confined to the top sur— face only, xcep supports, where wear will take place underneath als he mspection, greasing etc., has to be performed by men travel— ling on the line in carriers. 4 e existence of a separate traction rope with its attendant coupling devices, involving indepen— i dent oper’ltions or mechanism — for attaching t Turning from the double rope system to the single rope system, we find that the system is perfectly free from the above objections, and presents the advantages of: 1 ndless rope which hboth supports and carries the load, which is subject to even wear all round, and can readily be inspected and greased at the stations. 2 ployment of _ special saddle ps of s construction which effectinlly prcvents the car— riers from slipping on stee grad— 1 i e_cable being greased, by . which its durability _ is increased 5 Distributing' the rope pressure over a series of balanced sheaves, mounted on thosesupports whicli rave the greatest weight to sustain. individual« at trestles and !$ These sheaves are arranged to auto— matically — distribute the pressure equally between each one of a given grou 4. The automatic action ‘of the car— riers, which take to and leave the cable at the stations without any separate coupling operations, and which, when once on the rope, can tion by carelessness, etc., taches itself to the rope automatically 7 he capital represented in the ropes in this system is much less than in the double. rope type, and the renewal exnenses are reduced to a minimum. Route.—Great _ care should be taken in determining the route to be followed, and time and expense in this direction will be amply repa To not necessary at all to find easy ground by following contours, as mtermediate gradients, and rope to some extent, have no bearing on the question of power, which power depends entirely on the differ— 1 ence of altitude between the terminals, either in favor or against e sites for the terminals having een fixed upon, the intervening should. be —examined, and as to.any extraordina{)y a slight alteration of line would r sult in a big savin An ideal rope way should run in an absolutely straight line from point to point, and angle stations —should only be considered where absolutely necessary, thoug they are— easily worked, but are more liable to wear. The length of a ropeway is im— material, but when very considerable, it becomes necessary to divide it into sections, the carriers shunt rails. no breakage of bulk, the buckets travelling the whole length, and there is no limit to the length of a rope— way constructcd in this manner. On easy ground, undivided see— tions of six miles are practicable, and one of 4 1—2 miles in length is now working very successfully carry— 35 tons per hour. _ Where long lines are used, angles can be intro— duced at the ends of the sections, giving a larger choice of route. the early days, large spans could—_not be negotiated, but under Roe‘s system, long spans are worked, this being due to the special ’ippliances for grouping and support— ing the sheaves, distributing the pressure on the ropes, thus avoiding undue strains. The clip which is used for grip— ping the rope is an invention of Roe‘s and with it, even the steepest grad— ients can be easily. worked, and grease or. climatic conditions \have no. cffect on the grip, nor does the gripping have any detrimental effect ope, the action of the car— shunt rails at the stations being perfectly automatic. As an instance of an automatic AERIAL SSiLishms. ROPEWAYS BUILT BY ROPEWAY‘S LIMITED, LONDON, ENC tions erected. Cheapest means of transport for mines, quarries, smelters, merchan— dise, etc. In successful operation all over the world. Spans of over 700 yards giving every satisfaction.. Traverse the very rough— est country. Frictional Resistance reduced to a minimum by use of Special Appliances. Estimates prepared and complete installa— Phone 844. C. W. STANCLIFFE & COMPANY ENGINEERS AND AGENTS, VANCOUVER, B. C. ‘Cable: Stancliffe, Vancouver, B. C. tfopeway, an inst'ill'ition 3,170 yards ying long ton with a mean grade of onlpcl i}iiOUZrS r 4 per cent. is automatic. . Wher wing to the difference in altitude between the stations much surplus ower is produced, suct power ca \\’ °r, automatically without atte Trestles.—Which ma steel or wood 3 be either & taken 1 p and ridges, so that the fewest number of trestles need be used. A some of the spans are These long spans are a great d(lV'll'l— tage, not only in the saving in ma— terial of trestle, but in the erection and foundation. Where timber in the form of poles is cheap and plentiful, and Iabor cheap, it is sometimes worth while DAWSON DAILY NBW 8. ing information will have to be given: 1. Length of proposed line. 2. How many tons have to be transported per working hour, and e number of working hours per day, . ‘The nature and weigh & ght per cubic foot of the material in the state in which it would be carried. . 4. s to whether indiVidual loads g:_us; be ke(l to a particular weight, rranged to suit the c the line. apac e The character of h round to be traversed, (whether flat hilly, or niouiitaiiious) 6. er the ropeway can be taken iii a straight line from terminal to terminal. Wl ether the grade is for ag'iinst the load. he aproximate difference in height between the te minals. 8. Wh ether the loads have to be conveyed in directions. If so he qu'intity each way. 4 act terminal requir meiits in connection with loading and "Inloading. Whether _the _ stations VIEW OF LOADING STATION AT PEDROLA, NEAR SARAGOSSA, SPAIN— building the trestles of pole timber, but the extra labor required for the construction of the . trestles \\.Olll(l generally amount to more than the cost of square sawn timber. Steel trestles, however, whilst _ slightly more costly at first are practically nermanent, and‘ require no upkeep and are very easy of erection, light for transporting and much time and labor is saved by their use Loads.—The weights permissable vary according to the capacities the line with regard to spans etc., rs can be designed to h'in(lle thc maiiy different classes of goods, special provision being made for ]ogs barrels, cases, slates, tiles, ores, ete., étc. ‘An s will be seen from the nliotograph the load can be diverted in any direction for unload— in autom'ltic \veighing lll’lclllnc g. An can be i 1 point on the shunt rails at the sta— tion, which will register the num— ber of buckets as they pass, and weigh their contents, and indicate the total weights of the buckets at any time, or 'ifter the passage of a bucke Ha Cost, et The wear and tear on the Single rope system is re— markably small, both on the ropes s well as the other parts. ‘This is due to the care which is t'iken to carry the ropes on suitable appliances which Will distribute the weight uniformly. e rope wears even all round, and is not liable to local deterioration as in the case of fixed ro one case an lnSt’lllZl.tIOn hand— ling clay was in use for eleven years, not only without renewing any part 0 the applianccs, wing the rope, terminated by the clay pits giving mpossible to make an Stl'l' mate of cost of hanldliiili:r :}i’;attleriéis ss all the s io‘ § land \veight ‘and led, coss f labor, and capacity 1re kiiown, an i)n order to get apn estimate the follow— BUIL/T BY ROPEWAYS, LIMITED. have to be raised, or would be on the ground level What is the manner of trans— portation carried on now, and over what distance. Also any other remarks and infor— mation which would go to helping to make an accurate estimate It will readily be undertsood from t the success of an suitability of the design, pro ribution of strains, and the lTl'ltCI‘l'll enmloyed on these depend the frictional reSistance of the ropeway, which resistance is also a fair meas— ure of the ensuing wear and tear. In different designs of ropeways, there is large variation in self re— sistance. Good design, properly suited o the class of material carried, and he gradient, has resulted in a self— acting ropeway where the ean gradient in favor of the load on a 1 ong line was only 4 per cent. where— as a badly deswned ropeway has been observed to require ~ower to drive it when the mean gradient was as much as 16 per cent. in favor of t oad. The designing of a ropeway there— fore, is for an experienced engineer in that class of transport, and is no to be lightly undertaken by one as the result will only prove failiir or a constant source of w and expense in upkeep and rep ‘The working cost of a well desrgn- ed ropeway will vary from just over 2 cents per ton per mile upward, every case having its own specific value, according to the load carried grad- ients and spans etc and it is imnos— sible to make an accurate estimate until these points are fix ed. of sharp ledges and points e— sav— and also foundations. Straight lines from point to point form the. ideal oad and angles should be used only where absolutely necessary,. .. One point to be remembered in he planiiing of the power station is th not necessary to have the power station near water and> fuel, as the ropeway can bring up its own supply, but of course it etter, where possible, to place the station near its own fuel supply ere in British Columbia, we have conditions very favorable to the economical use erial ropeways, the simplicity, portability and light— ness of a well designed plant lend themselves countr where cheap means of transport alone can olve the problem of the successful orking of mines, etc., an to see big strides in this line in the very near future, both for mining work, and. for logging, for which lat— ter it has been successfully used. FIVE O‘CLOCK TEA FIVE O‘CLOCK TEA is the most t popular of all institutions adopted by English speaking people the world most welcomed b found in the palace and in the cottage, and there is perhaps hardly a house— hold in the British Isles where it is not in use. _ The lumberman in Cana— da keeps his pot of tea going through— out the day, while the bushman in the wilds of Al\Strdlld finds it a refresh— ing bev Tea w as known to the Chinese in the yery early centuries but its intro— was of a much later please Patron, King Charles the Second, pre— sented to His Majesty in 1664, pounds and 2 ounces of Thea." _ It is so recorded that his Queen Kath— e first to in— trodu a luxurious custoni with the English Court; the hion, however, was confined for years to the aristocracy and wealthicr classes, and no serious at— 47, dian ‘Tea is to be found in the care and m or firing being done machinery, thereby preserving all the essential tea—goodness an ess of or, a method vastly supcrior to h1t wliich still obtains in China and Japan today of employing coolie labor rolling. the leavcs between . the palms of the ha e shipments f Ceylon and In— dian ‘Teas last year reached the enor— European markets and are daily making great l(i:eadv(yay in the United States and cycl o pa ia Britannica makes the following interesting state— ment: "What is indisputable about munities, it is a medium of taking, in the form of sugar and cream, no in— coriSiderable amount of real nutri— Its virtues have nowhere been bet— ter summarized than by the earliest Chinese writer on the subject, Lo who says: ‘It tempers the spirits nd harmonizes the mind, dispels lassitue and relieves fatigue, ‘awakens thought and prevents drowsiness, lightens or refreshes the body, and clears the perceptive faculties." "The gentle exhilaration which ac— companies the modcr'ite use of tea is not followed by the depression which sucee eds the use of alcoholic stimu— lants. _ Experience has proved that it sustains the frame under severe mus— cular or mental exercise without caus— ing subsequcnt exhaustion and col— apse. ea is frequently found to be beneficial to sufferer nervous headache, and it counteracts to some extent the effects of alcohol and of opiates." RIDGWAYS TEA is uncolored and unsophisticated it is the ure le'if picked from the finest select and grown at a high altitude in C,eylon SPAIN—-THE ASTU- ROPEWAY AT COVADONGA AU STURIAS X RIAN MINES; BUILT BY ROPEWAYS, LIMITED. tempt appears to have been made un— n the monopoly of the East ny was abolished and the eictravagant prices hitherto demanded were no longer forthcom— in %‘his opportunity was seized by Ridgway, one of the, shrewdcst and ablest merchants of Bis time, who in 1836 established himself in the heart of the City of London, determined to supply tea of all gr'ides at fair and reasonable prices. In that same Tea House Ridgeways Teas have been sold ever since, year n and year out, and have enjoyed the highest reputation for excellence of quality ~and | flavor, patronized by Royalty, the nobility and aristocracy of Europe, and today Ridgways have the largest sale in the world of high— grade—tea. One of the reasons for the steady increase in the use of Ceylon and In— and being manufactured by machinery and untouched by hand, the fine aro— ma cand delicate flavor is perfectly preserve RIDGW mical than that of Japan CS TEA is more econo- or only half the quantity being required for each pot; a pound will make over 200‘ cups. Ridgwa s best tea—H.M.B. —"Her Majesty‘s Blend,". the same as supplied to the late Queen Victoria for over 40 years, costs per cup less han half cent, and it is the choicest t t is grown, unique in quali ity 'ind richness of flay or «Sold only in air t tins and packages. A Canadian offices: Vancouver, Win— nipeg. U. S. A. offices: Seattle, San Francisco. Branches and agencies throughout the world. Largest sale of high— —grade tea in the wo Portland, sefeneaentesemsis ons paAwWSON bAILY NEws. | DREDCING oN THE STEWART RIVER Yuron Basin Co. Splendid Showing is being made by Big Concern——Has the Largest Dredging Area in the . Yukon HE Stewart river, which for so years, including quite a period before the discovery of gold furnished grub— prospectors of the realm, is to be turned over this year as never before. More of the gravel will be torn from its ancient resting in aggregate since the first of their number thrust a shovel into the en— chanted gravels. ‘The dredges of the Yukon Basin Gold Dredging Company, Limited, having its main offices in Kansas City, Mo., will turn over the great bulk of gravel Two thousand cords of wood were cut during the winter for dredge and also for dredge No. 2. The first dredge operated a part of last season, and located tlie best pay yet known on the Stev Some— thing out of the ordinary in dredgiiig values for any port of the world, the superintendent reports, was run into last fall toward the end of the season, the dredge master, from the factory, arrived over the winter road this immediately for taking down the river on its barge, and to be towed to des— tination. Both dredges are to be operated at Nelson Point, where some of the best ground on the Stewart is known to exist. _ ‘The gravel there has been proven rich, and two drills are work— ing with the dredge.. ‘The new dredge has five foot buckets, and a capacity of 3,000 yards a day. One additional dredge is to be placed on the property e'ich ye'ir until there is a total of he government requires this. a theoretical So far position. — The volume water is so large the gravels never freeze, and the dredges operate without the heavy resistance and wear and tear on dges in some parts of the north which work in frozen ground. he growth of timber on Nelson Bar has burden, stumps will be washed off this sum— mer with hydraulic force, supplied by Company h'is 105 miles of the Stewart river from bank to bank, extending from a point 15 miles above the mouth to a point 155 miles above the mouth, which is above Fraser Falls. The total comprises 25,000 acres. ‘The company has operated two years on its holdings, and has ob— tained splendid results in places, and gold in all places worked. ‘The com— pany has such extensive holdings on the river, that it can find suitable depths of dredging for a machine of most any size, and in this way most flexible conditions prevail as to util— ization of a fleet of gold ships. . In testing the ground, the company util— izes keystone drills and empire drills. ‘To operate beneath the water, the drills are placed on scows, and cas— ing is sunk through the bottom of he scow In this way the same re— sults are obtained as though working on ground. Bedrock in places on the property is known to be as deep as 60 feet below the surface, but this easily can be worked to the bottom with long ladder dredges The company acqiiircd its extensive holdings through the efforts of Wm. OgilVie former Governor of Yukon Terri He orgaiiized with assist— ance of others and t w concern took over the ground from the original holders of the tract, who had secured it in the early d'iys of the Klondike. Mr. Ogilvie was in the Yukon years before I(londikc was struck, when he international he observed the splendid results be— ing obtained by the prospectors on the Stewart. Many were getting win— ter grubstakes from the bars with simple rockers, and others were tak— ing out handsome stakes. Some got as high as $30,000 in a single year, and the Stewart became famous far beyond the Yukon.. ‘The fact the gold was scattered so many miles along the stream aroused the greatest excite— ment and no end of curiosity as to its origin. ot so much gold has been found above the McQuesteii as below, and that stream is thought to have een the parent stream of the creeks originally carrying the gold lealle Stewart Company New Concern Holding Property on McQuesten and Stewart Rivers is Energetically at Work This Year the millions in wealth on Bonanza aiid Eldorado creeks were taken. The company had planned to put a. large dredge on the property this: season to initiate operations, i was impossible to get a machine de— livered at Whitchorse before Septem— ber, which means it cannot be gottem to the place of operation in time for: service this fall. It, however, will be: y early next spring, the m ment states, and there is no reason: why the company should not get an: early start the season of 1910. ‘This season two drills will be oper— the ground which is to be 0 next season will be blocked out, and! there will be no waiting when the: dredge does arrive. — Supt. D. A. Matheson ordered the drills for the company while he was at the factory of the Keystone Company in Penn— sylvaiin last winter. He was enabled. to give specifications for machines that: should be peculiarly fitted for work in: the north, and to arrange for their planned to put on two dredges, and to operate them _ with steam, but to so equip them that they can at any time be operated with elec— / tricity, which the company hopes be— fore two or three years have passed to generate from nearby water sources. after the opening of this A MONG the new mining concerns in — t Yukon holding large tracts of placer property is the Stew— art River Gold Dredging Company, Limited, incorporated last year. ‘The company has taken over 44 miles of property on the Stewart river, and 30 miles on the McQuesren, the famous gold bearing tributary of the Stewart. The area along the Stewart comprises gaps which were lying unclaimed be— tween the holdings of the Yukon Basin Gold Dredging Company. More than 100 individual placer claims along the McQuesten river also are owned by the company. ‘The submerged river bed holdings on the McQuesten con— trol the situation at the mouth of that stream. ‘The indiVidual claims lie along the benches and b e the river, and are in what is declared by old timers in the country to be the extension of the famous white channel from which The Dredger Piles up the Washed Gravel Behind 1t, season the drills go to work, and the men will have the most promising bars along the river thoroughly. Those interested in the company who _ belong ukon say that the Mc— Questen river will surprise them all. Joint Power Plans Stewart River and Yukon Basin Companies to Have Co—operative Service in Several Respects HE Basin Gold Dredging Com pany, Limited, and the Stewart River Gold Dredging Company, Lim— ited, OpCl‘d[ll'lg on Stewart and Mc— Questen rivers, have arranged for the— joint erection of machine shops, foun~ dries and the like at McQuesten Post,. at the mouth of the McQuesten, for: the undertaking of extensive plans for the installation of a large hydro—elec— tric power plant for lighting and driv= ing dredges, etc., and for the building of a steamer to serve the two com panies. ‘The Stewart River Comp’iny « r shifting them from The intention is to ready for service sprin Surveyors w1ll be put in the field this season to determine the most feas> ible water supply in the district for the generation of electricity. So m large streams are in the district that there is no question of finding suitable supply. otable among the water sources of the district are the Fraser Falls and the water of Mayo, Jannet Lake, and McQuesten rivers and their— tributaries. Applications already have been made for water from three sources The two companies are entirely sep—— arate organizations, but since they op—— erate in the same large valley and:‘ their properties are contiguous, it has: been found mutually advantageous to co— operate in —the wer, steamer and such service, and" tliis has been arranged. organization — of" \ DAWSON DAILY NEWS. 39, DAWSON 1898———Eleven Years Continued Growth———1909 FAIRBANKS Yukon Territory Alaska JI Ll s ALE Leading Jeweler of the North In Both Stores our whole aim is to carry WHAT THE PEOPLE WANT GOOD GOODS AND FIRST—CLASS WORK AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES DIAMONDS—Nothing but A1 stones. WATCHES—Waltham of every grade. NUGGET JEWELRY—Always something new in design. IVORY JEWELRY—Made from the Mastodon tusk. Nothing nicer for a Souvenir. Cut Glass, Hand Painted Lamoges and Haviland China, Silver Deposit, and largest stock of Sterling Silver Table or Flatware in the North. PHONE 148A , J. L. SALE THE KLONDIKE MINES RAILWAY COMPANY Operating daily trains between Dawson and Sulphur Springs and connecting with our own stages running on Sulphur, Dominion and Quartz Creeks. We operate our own freighting outfits in connection with the railway and quote passenger and freight rates to any claim on Bonanza, Eldorado, Hunker, Sulphur, Dominion, Gold Run and Quartz Creeks, or any of their tributaries. For rates or other information address R E. A. MURPHY, Manager Dawson, Y.T. l rnnescammnbatameen cA PAW§SON DAILY NEWS. North American Transportation & Trading Company OFFICES : Rookery Building, CHICAGO, ILL. STEAMERS JOHN CUDAHY WILL H. ISOM CHAS. H. HAMILTON _ JOHN J. HEALY PORTUS B. WEARE T. €. PoOWEn J P. LIGET EVELYN KLONDIKE Close connections made at Dawson with White Pass & Yukon rou‘e steamers and at St. Michael with ocean steamers for Seattle and San Francisco. Pioneer Building, SEATTLE, WASH. STATIONS AND AGENCIES DAWSON, YUKON TERRITORY EAGLE, ALASKA CIRCLE, ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA ST. MICHAEL, ALASKA All stations carry complete and up—to—date stocks of groceries, flour and feed, hardware, mining machinery, clothing, boots and shoes and dry goods. 1868 N. C. Co. 1909 Pioneer Traders in Alaska and Yukon over 40 Years WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Carrying Largest, Choicest and Best Assorted Stock of GROCERIES, LIQUORS, HARDWARE and MINING IMPLEMENTS in the North. STATIONS * ST. MICHAEL, ALASKA ANDREAOFSKY, NULATO t BETTLES y KOKRINES 3 TANANA 3 HOT SPRINGS & FAIRBANKS 3 DELTA RAMPART CHANDLAR CIRCLE EAGLE FORTY MILE, YUKON TER. DAWSON STEAMERS SARAH, SUSIE, HANNAH LEON, ARNOLD, _ LINDA LOUISE, ALICE, F.K. GUSTIN ST. MICHAEL, SEATTLE DELTA, TACOMA D.R. CAMPBELL, VICTORIA BELLA, SCHWATKA MARGARET, IDA MAY SEATTLE, No. 3, MILWAUKEE FLORENCE, HERMAN LAVELLE YOUNG, TANANA KOYUKUK, ISABELLE RELIANCE, METEOR. Our palatial steamers carrying the U. S. mail to all parts of Alaska aﬁora’ the surest and quickest means of travel and transportation of freight to Alaska and Y uko Northern Commercial Co. — Service unsurpassed. Dawson, Y.T. bAwsos bamy sews oi o e Bedfcrd McNeill and A B C Codes, 4 Fourth Edition. T. O. Box 5tz $ |. YUKON SAW MILL COMPANY MACHINE WORKS AND FOUNDRY. Joseph F. Burke, Manager. Manutecturerslo! Netive MACHINE SHOP AND FOUNDRY. SLUICE'—LUMBER‘—FLUME These departments are completely equipped and prepared to do all kinds of heavy repair and construction work at short notice. Dredge Importers of all kinds of hard woods, Puget Sound fir and cedar, repairs a specialty. doors, sash and shingles. 3 § Office Corner Duke and First Avenue, Dawson, Y. T. Mayer’s "Dry Sox" No. 2102. AL As K ANS need Boots and Shoes that stand the racket— [\ —Boots and Shoes that are as nearly waterproof as leather can be made. f —And as nearly waterproof as tanners and shoe— makers know how. You have never worn anything that fills the bill like the Washington High Top for tough wear and the Mayer shoe for dress. No. 2102—Interlined with oiled silk and @ Jayer) of rubber bff“‘}fl""h’“"ﬁr“‘f,"d_ These shoes are made for Western wear in Western factories l)ii’il:ed- Stovi/%s'fullnggleg? Gogfygi,r c‘weIcil, by Western men who have studied Western conditions and ade fayer Boot and Shoe Co., _ know what‘s wanted. —Ask your dealer for these. _ If he can‘t supply you let us know. We‘ll look after you. made by E. Milwaukee, who also manufacture plete line of stylish and serviceable foot— wear. No. 902—Chrome tan Nome calf, 12—inch ns oo lsles esb . TAE WASHINGTON SHOE MFG 60,, sEattte, U.SA. Washington High Top No. 902. welt, . made in Seattle. 42. pAWSON DAILY NEW S. Wa. A. Hayward Thos. P. Scott HAYWARD & SCOTT Wholesale and Retail Produce Dealers YUKON AND ALASKA BUSINESS A SPECIALTY Our Mr. Hayward has been engaged in the wholesale importing B1 P j and jobbing business at Dawson since 1900, and t! the northern demands, and how to ship the goods. of the Dawson firm of Jackson & Hayward, Dawson. Mr. Hayward has made many trips down the Yukon by scow with perishables and other freight, and over the winter road from Whitchorse to Dawson with similar goods, without missing a year since he first entered the field. He also has traded into Fairbanks and other northern towns. Our Mr. Scott likewise, has been in the Yukon for years, and knows well the We handle all produce specialties. _ Buy from us, He was a member northern demands. and be sure you have your order in experienced hands. PHONE 2579 117 Water Street — Vancouver, B.C. 1909 SARGENT & PINSKA THE PIONEERS «n THE LEADERS Men‘s — Outhitters DAWSON, Y.1., CANADA Established 1898 _ FAIRBANKS, ALASKA Established 1904 A. P. KENZONI Direct Importer of DIAMONDS And Precious Stones Nugget W are a Specialty. Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention. DAWSON, Y.T. First Avenue P. O. Box 19 Phone 78. ESTABLISHED 1898 P.O. Box 63 FURNITURE A most complete line of furniture including pianos, organs, crock— ery, carpets, draperies, bedding, pictures, office furniture, etc. FRANK LOW The House Furnisher DAWSON, Y.T. FRANK LOW FUNERAL DIRECTOR Office and Parlors — DAWSON, Y.T. Second Ave. P anbiden DAWSON DAILY NEWS. Scougale Mercantile Company LARGEST .DISTRIBUTERS IN NORTH OF General Dry Goods Carpets Linoleums Housefurnishings Shoes BUYERS OF RAW FURS SCOUGALE MERCANTILE CO. DAWSON, Y. T. Second Avenue SINCE ©‘98 The Old Town! The Old Place! The Old People! The Regina Hotel G. N. HARTLEY, Lessee. YUKON The Year Round. DAWSON — Cafe Open Day and Night. K. T. M. Co. The Pioneer Machinery House of the Yukon Territory (Established 1908.) 1 as the standard K. ‘T. M. Co‘s Specialties are gni of the ‘Territory. Some of them are Scotth Marine, Return Flue, Water Back, Boilers. Light Prospecting Boilers, Automatic Self Dumper, Nippleless Thawing Points. Special brand of Steam Hose, Grooved Friction Hoists. The Miner or Prospector can be certain of getting just what he requires, as only those goods, that have proven themselves to be the most suitable for work required of them, are carried in stock. Prices lowest possible consistent with quality. Manu— facturers of FLUME. HOSLE, TENTS, TARPAULINS and anything in the canvas line. Full line of the very best grade of American Seamless Hydraulic Hose carried in stock. j Information of the products of the following firms, will be gladly furnished upon request: American Hoist & Derrick Co., Bucyrus Steam Shovel Co., Ferro Gas Engine Co., Ingersoll Band Co., Lidger— wood Mig. Co. Marion Steam Shovel Co., Snider Hughes Pump Co., Star Drilling Machine Co., Allis Chalmers, A. B. Farquhar. Gould Pump Co., Keystone Drill Co., Nagle Engine & Boiler Works, Mullins Steel Boats, Sparta Iron Works. KLONDIKE THAWING MACHINE CO. Third Ave., Dawson, Y¥.‘K. Second Avenue ‘Phone 36 Dawson Hardware Company Limited Dealers in builders hardware, machinists‘, black— smiths‘ and carpenters‘ tools; bar iron and sheet steel; pipe, pipe filtings and brass goods, dynamite fuse and caps; doors, window sash and glass; ranges, stoves and graniteware. PRICES ON APPLICATION _—DAWSON Y.7. DPAWSON DAILY NE WS. Incorporated under the laws of Yukon Territory. ROA,LANPHIEER 2. .snA ... .ls l cuan uy . leanals e Secretary Treasurer J— HX.IMeRINNON 2 2. 0. .l 2e 2s o l omtan e rgainons, — Vice President JA RIvERs .. «. M oi . o etenih e ce na e President CAPITAL STOCK $25,000.00 YUKON TRANSEER COMPANY «e Phone P.O. Box 9B. MARK 213 TRADE THIS COMPANY is the only one of the kind in the Yukon ‘Territory, and is. fully equipped to handle a gen— eral Transfer and Storage business. y OUR ROLLING and LIVE STOCK is the most up— to—date, and the best in every respect that can be obtained. WE OPERATE Warm and Cold Storage warehouses and care for Freight Consignments, cither ordinary or perishables in an efficient manner, making collections and remittances on delivery of goods, if so instructed by shippers. BAGGAGE to and from Railway check with three days free storage. and Dock under Address all communications to Yukon Transfer Company _« Dawson, Y.T., Canada CCESS Often has begun with a new suit of clothes. You cannot expect business success if you> are poorly dressed. Yet it is not neces— sary to spend a lot of money on your wearing apparel in or— s You may not know it but it‘s a fact der to be well dressed. that the best dressed men in this city buy their clothes of us. We offer special values this season. Prices range from $12.50 to $45.00. HERSHBERG & CO. 135 First Avenue DAWSCN, Y. T. Stanley Scearce. Stanley Scearce 1898—1909 Yukon‘s Oldest Established Independent Grocer All merchandise subject to deteriora— tion by elements stored in modern frost— proof, fire—proof, two—story brick ware— house. _ The only one of its kind north of Vancouver. My superior facilities enable me to supply large operators their requirements the year round with a maximum of qual— ity and a minimum of cost. Estimates furnished and contracts entered into when desired. STANLEY SCEARCE DAWSON, Y.T. Dawson‘s Leading Wholesale and Retail Grocery. SHAW & SPENCE Wholesale and Retail Merchants Direct Importers Miners‘ Supplies of Every Description STORES AT GRANVILLE — YUKON TERRITORY DAWSON SULPHUR nNeeamepresementens show io sonth DAWSON DAILY NEWS.‘ Vegetables and Flowers All kinds of nativ 1 i ¢ grown vegetables, deliver 4 sliort notice. Six large green lio%ses and near ym7l ﬂ:ticgcosmiin((ll(grc:ill tivation. ‘ Plants for gardening purposes. I am prepared to furnish Dawson and the surrounding country with fresh vegetables. _ Flowers and plants'a’t all seasons I raise radishes, lettuce, onions, rhubarb beets, turnips, celery, cucumbers, tomatoes, parsnips, cab )a’gc cauli— ffllower, ll'k)S(.‘S.. plants, cutflowers, and in fact: any vegetable ‘or — cut C?é\el‘(r ;ria(tlo\\\;i]lll (glio:v) in ili(, N-()l“tl‘]la'n‘(\l..' I \i'holesale as well as retail. up river orders receive prompt attention. . Goods packed i)rt)i)erly for shipment and delivered aboard stage or train sleam‘boati Either winter goods, fresh goods, plants or cut flowers will be shipped anywhere on telephone, telegraph or letter order. W. S. PADDOCK, Dawson _OAK HALL The Canadian Bank of Commerce Head Office, TORONTO, O\NT. Paid up Capital, $10,000,000. Reserve Fund, $6,000,000. B. E. WALKER, President. A. LAIRD, General Manager. A General Banking Business Transacted. Prompt Attention Given to Collections. Dawson Branch D. M. SANSON, Manager Oak Hall Clothing Co. MEN‘S CLOTHING AND FURNISHINGS lFit—Rite clothing; "Invictus" shoes, Geo. A. Slater‘s "Haggar" shoes. to make better shoes than these. make better clothes than Fit—Rite. Miners‘ outfitting, etc. It is absolutely impossible It‘s just as impossible to That‘s why we do 1 better business each succeeding year. ——Dawson, Y.T. Pioneer Poultry Ranch DAWSON Deals in Fancy Poultry and Ducks—Fresh Laid Eggs a Specialty. All kinds of vegetables, Cucumbers, Lettuce, Radishes, Spuds, Cabbage, Carrcts, Turnips, Parsnips, etc. W. J. ANSTETT, Prop. DANIEL KEARNEY Men‘s Furnishing Goods Outfitting for Miners a Specialty Second Avenue, Dawson YUKON AOTEL Pioneer Hotel of Dawson. First—class Accommodations. All Old Timers Stay Here. First Avenue, Between Church and Harper. THE CITY BAKERY A. . Palm, Prop. W holesale and Retail Bread, Pies, Etc. Cakes a Specialty. — Banquets and all Kinds of Socials Served. Ice Cream Served Daily and Made to Order. PHONE 107—A 109 Second Avenue — DAWSON, Y.T. nrpary J. W. Murphy. D. W. Murray Murphy & Murray HORSESHOERS AND GENERAL BLACK— SMITHS; WAGON REPAIRING Business from Creeks Especially Solicited. Bucket, Point and Pick Work a Specialty. Only First—class Men Employed. All Work Guar— anteed. — Positive‘ly One Price to All. Two Shops: 314 Third Avenue, one Door South of Yukon Stables; and at Corner Third Avenue and Princess. Telephone 201B. Capital Stock $80,000.00. M. Jaccbsgaard, Mgr. Dawson Trading Co. . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Hay Grain Outfilting Our Specialty. ra isfaction Guaranteed. %hzrl\FlﬂelvideS‘tgi/e%h\fiih New Gsoztdssf and) New Prices. DAWSCN, Y.T. Provisions Seed DDelAGRAVf, lail Establishment, Queen St., DAWSON DAWSON DAILY NE W S. Ecporano Bortunga Works W. P. Brayton, Prop. Importer and Manufacturer of Mineral Water and Soft Drinks Box 697. DAWSON Phone 748. THE BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA Established in 1836. Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1840. PATD UP CARPIEAL.1.......:22lce s he sls ce n ki $4,866,666.67 RESERVE FUND ...........+.ran.¥ne0k0 606 nr 2,433,333,33 FHlead Office . ... eelnle en niels n n cce 5 Gracechurch Street, London, E. C. A. G. WALLIS, Secretary. W. S..GOLDBY, Manager. HEAD OFFICE IN CANADA, St. James Street, MONTREAL, P. Q. H. STIKEMAN, General Manager. Dawson Branch—Corner Second Ave. and Queen St. E. O. FINLAISON, Manager. J. T. ROSMAN HARDWARE AND SPORTING GOODS GUNS AND AMMUNITION _ BUILDERS‘ HARDWARE FISHING TACKLE SASH AND DOORS BASE BALL GOODS GLASS CUTLERY CROCKERY Pipe Fittings, Pumps, Engines, Paroid Roofing, Fire and Water Proof Agents for A. G. Spalding & Bro. 124 Third Ave. DAWSON ‘Phone 145 CROSSAN SsODERBERG THE OLDEST AND BEST APPOINTED CAFE IN THE CITY i R C A DE OPEN DAY AND NIGHT ‘Banquets and Box Parties a Specialty. Opposite W hite Pass Steamer Landing, Dawson. J. L. LILLY & CO. Dawson, Y.T. ALL LINES SUPPLIED DISTANT POINTS Our Motto: "Best Goods and Lowest Prices." WHEN IN DAWSON Stop at The Westminster Hotel F. W. VINNICOMBE, Prop. Newly Furnished Rooms No Bar. 314 Third Avenue South 50 Cent and Up DAWSON liver DeLisle, —Henry Pope DAWSON Iron, Tin Roofing, Hydrau— ] lic Pipe, Furnaces and Air— tight Stoves. 113 Second Ave. DAWSON ‘Phone 244A. C. 8. PHILP General Dry Goods Boots and Shoes SECOND AVE., DAWSON, Y.T. YOUR CHOICE OF TWO PLACES Klondike Hotel Harper St. and First Ave. Forty—three Rooms. Prospector Hotel First Ave. Near Queen T hirty—seven Rooms Total Eighty Rooms OLUF OLSON, Proprietor of Both Places DAWSON Near Railway and Steamer Landings. A. W. H. SMITH Custom House AND f Mining Broker Agent: Independent Dock, Side Stream Navigation Co. Dawson CRIBBS, The Druggist savESs YoU MoNEY oN DA WSON EVERY PURCHASE Eie S | L n e n ie DAWSON DAILY NEW S. DAWSON PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY bimsd L A W Y E R S bettmzerd PHOTOGRAPHERS McDougall & McPeake BARRISTERS DAWSON P. 0. Box 941. Telephone 40 C. W. C. TABOR BARRISTER, SOLICITOR, NOTARY PUBLIC CONVEYANCER Offices, Queen St. and Second Ave. DA wWSON, Y. I. F. 1. Congdon K. C. BARRISTER D A W S 0O N YUKON— TERRITORY. J. E. N. DUCLOS Only Photographer in the Klondike Making a Specialty of Portrait Work %iipplies and Developing for Ama— t —Fine line of Views of Chilkoot, \iil\Oii Dawson and Creck Scenes taken in ‘98—Thousands of Negatives in stock from the old establishment of Larss & et your work done by Duclos and be sure you have the service of an expe COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY. Also Mining Law. If you want advice as to the law of the Yukon, come or write to FRANK J. STACPOOLE DAWSON, Y.T. Conveyanc Comm issioner for Tak. ing APfidaVits Etc., Etc. Bank of American Trans Solicitor for Canadian Commerce; North portation & ‘Trading Company; the Sheriff of the Yukon Territory; Cana— dian Klondike Mining Company; Yukon Transfer Company; J. C. Mur— ray Company, wholesale liquors; W. M. Cribbs, next P. O.; John Griffith, the Clothier, Second Avenue. Write me re White River Copper and Quartz in ‘general. R. L. ASHBAUGH BARRISTER DAWSON PAT TE ULLO & 1 O BIN BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS Conveyancers, Notaries, Etc. Henry S. Tobin; J. B. Pattullo, K. C., Crown Prosecutor. Cable Address: "Patob." Western Codes: Bedford, McNeill; Union. DA W S O N YUKON TERRLFORY E.O. Ellingsen COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHER Creek and Mining Views a Specialty —All kinds of Photographic Work to order—Views and Post Cards, Plates, Papers Finishing — for Amateurs— Kodak Films, Enlarging. Third Ave., next Third Avenue Hotel. P.O. Box 584. Dawson. ‘Phone 176X Call on or Write JERRY DOODY Klondike‘s Premier View Photographer Yukon Views a Specialty—Contracts and Estimates for Any Class of Work 4000 Northern Negatives in Including Those of Chilkoot d Yukon Scenes of ‘ PawYys O N. Y. E. Stock, ADAMS & CO. Mbotograplfers Portraits in All Sizes—Views of the Klondike—Amateur Finishing—Burn— ed Leather Work of All Kinds. 128 Second Avenue, Craig‘s Old Stand DAWSON, Y. T J. P. SMITH BARRISTER, SOLICITOR, NOTARY, ETC. N. C. Co. Office Building. paAwWSsON. Y. 1. 1. Langlois Bell, LLB. BEARRISTER, SOLICITOR AND NOTARY PUBLIC. ‘Phone 207B. DA YsoN. Y T E NG I N EE RS John Black George Black BLACK & BLACK BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS NOTARIES, ETC. DAWSON, ¥. P Henry Bleecker M. B. O‘Dell BLEECKER & O‘DELL BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS, ETC. B. N. A. Bank Building, Queen Street. paAWSsSON. Y. T. Offices W. J. Rendell CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEER, Reports on Mining and Power Propositions. pa Y SsoOoN., Y I. Mail Orders Receive Prompt Attention cdak Printing and Developing a Specialty. W. P. KELLY PHOTOGRAPHER OLD—TIME PHOTOGRAPHS OF KLONDIKE Views and Post Cards; Scenes in Early Days of Dawson Yukon River and the Creeks. RADFORD, YUKON TERRITORY Outside Address: Yountville, Napal County, California. C. S. W. BARWELL D. L. S., C.E. SURVEYOR, MINING AND CIVIL ENGINEER. Reports on Placer Propositions. baWSON.Y. T. GARRETT W. 6. TYRRELL Graduate in Civil Engi— neering, Dublin University. DA w SsOoN, Y. L. P. 0. BOX 749. 48. DAWSON DAILY NE W S. DAWSON|PRUGS and |""*‘* ******CROCKERY, HOTEL " sUNDrRIES DAWSON GREENHOUSE iyp RESTAURANT WARE CHAS. H. PADDOCK A WHOLESALE o The Only Place in Dawson Where A V $ us Cut T*‘lcweli:es}l vegetal;z:ted Plants They Carry a Complete Stock. A V E. RETAIL 5 Flcral Designs to Order. y f AAVVEERRY As $s [XT .T‘ _ [| _T P CoNEN CREEK ORDERS A V ER y 5 & — i.: ‘{;‘F KKF f [] crRocEry WA A_LIE ”j’ 4 fé%’;ljt HOTEL NORTHERN A V ER Y 5 gﬁﬂﬁﬁ]‘%ﬁ o i A V E R Y es : Headquarters for Souvenir Post A V ER OWL DRUC STORE Cards and View Books of the Second Avenue, Dawson, Y. T. A VE Lites KLONDIKE GOLDFIELDS s<—— A V RED CROSS Curios and Novelties, Y. KAWAKAML, A iss Glass, China and Crockery DAWSON Gibson Bros. B AwSsON.‘Yy. T. The Japanese Bazaar S. KAWAKAML Second Avenue, P Proprietor. city to stop. Best Best place in the Furnished rooms 50 cents up. HUXFORD‘S VARIETY STORE DAWSON, Y. T. HARDWARE, CROCKERY, GUNS AND AMMUNITION. Fishing Tackle, Paints and Oils, Toys and Staticnery. Musical Instruments, Toilet Articles, Clocks, Jewelry. Dawson Milk Dairy Fresh Milk and Cream Delivered Daily. Finest Herd of Cows in the Yukon. w. H. ELLIOTNT. Prop. Office 512 Second Avenue North. P. 0. Box 616. ‘Phone 156A Get The Atwood Idea In House Decorations Wall Paper and Paints. Do You Believe in Signs? We Paint ‘em. THE ATWOOD SHOP Second Avenue Dawson,. Y. ; meals in town. Only hotel and cafe in Dawson running since ‘98 with same proprietor and at same place. MIKADO LAUNDRY Baths and Lodging House—Porcelain Perkins & Sharon GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS MINERS OUTFITTED Cighth and Bridge Klendike Bridge. Streets, Near Dawson, Y. T. 1895—Fourteen Years in Yukon—1909 A. E. Peter THE PIONEER JEWELER For Nugget and Mastodon Ivory Jewelry. Watches, Clocks, Souvenir Sterl Sterling Silver Toilet SPECIAL CARE GIVEN TO WATCH REPAIRING 111 Queen Street, DAWSON, Y. ‘I. Spoons Established 1899. G. S. Churchward TIN SHOP Ranges and Stoves for Prospectors, Miners, Hotels and Camps—Job Work a Specialty. Second Avenue, near N. A. ‘P. & T. DaAWS@N, Y. . Tubs—Everything Clean. Creek orders receive prompt atten— tion _ Special rates for large orders. Established 1900. GEO. G. OMURA PROPRIETOR Get our figures. 220 Second Ave., Dawson. Phone 57. oPANISH RESTAURANT Gexuine Spanish Dishes a Specialty—Always the Best in the Market. SICNOR E. P. LOPEZ PROPRIETOR. KLONDIKE CITY, Alaska. Daniel Coates HEAVY TEAMING AND EXPRESS WORK PIANO MOVING A SPECIALTY, Office: Hutch‘s Stable, Third Avenue. DAWSON, Y. T. ‘Telephone 195. Dry Wood for Sale The Kenwood FIRST —CLASS RCOMS AND BOARD Best Mea‘s in Dawson Are PIONEER SALOON First Avcnue, Dawson, Opposite Fire Hall Only. Best Stock Carried. ED. STROM., wW. H. LYON PRESSING, CLEANING AND REPAIRING ,FOR LADIES AND GENTS. All Work First Class. Prompt Attention Given to Creek Orders. King Street and Second Avenue DAWSON, ¥. 1. Dawson Bakery and Coffee House All kinds of Bread, Pies, Cakes. We serve the best coffee in Dawson. Old established stand. Creek orders get prompt attention. Served Here. Two Blocks From — Trains and Boats. ADAM RYSTOGI Prop s s York St. and Third Ave. — DAWSON|Second Ave., near King St. Dawson. TO WNSEND’S Geo. B. Sato, Prop. P.O. Box 9. GREENHOUSE CUT FLOWERS AND ROSES A SPECIALTY »C Eighth Ave., DAWSON. ‘Phone 213. Columbia Lodging House BEST PLACE FOR THE MONEY ¢ Prices 25 and 50 cents. Great Reduction for Week or Month. 124 Second Ave. DAWSON, Y.T. DAWSON DA ILY NE W S. Telephcne 61B. P. 0. Box 444. JAPANESE EMPLOYMENT OFFICE Boarding and Lodging House. JOE W. SAKATA. 309 Second Ave. S. DAWSON. Ryan‘s wE ABE IT Harness Shop Horse Blankets, Robes, Furnishings. First Class W ork Promptly xeculed. P. J. RYAN, Prop. Harness Making, Repair— ing and Supplies. 228 Third Avenue, Dawson, Y. T. J. G. Purden Architect and Builder Plans Fumished for All Kinds of Work. Fourth and Church Streets, DAWSON. SAM‘S EXPRESS AND Wood Yard Get My Prices on Orders for Wood for Creeks. M. S. AUNGER, Prop.; Office at Frank Lowe‘s. DAWSON, Y. T. ‘Phone 78—A CROSS & CO. VISTTORS to the A. Y. P. E. 1067 Richards Street. Phone 495. FOR Soda Water PALE DRY AROMATIC GINGER ALE, BREWED STONE GINGER BEER, AND ALL KINDS OF FINELY FLAVORED — FRUIT DRINKS. WE —PRIDE OURSELVES ON CLEANLINESS AND THE PUR— ITY OF OUR PRODUCTS. AN INSPECTION OF OUR FAC— TORY IS INVITED.— We welcome you to our store. Make your headquarters with us. We will entertain you with the kind of music that you like to hear, and make you feel at home. We carry the largest stock of Vic— tor goods in the Northwest. We are obliged to, for we wholesale as well as retail. Our piano line is the finest that money can buy. Steinway, Everett, A. B. Chase, Emerson, Estey, Ludwig, Etc. ‘Shelmangl;gday &C0 tefunier wirg 1406 Second Avente, Seattle. Our other stores: Portland, Spokane, Tacoma, Bellingham, Everett, North Yakima, Wenatchee, Boise, San Francisco, — Oakland, Los Angeles and other California cities. Established 1902. Pick‘s Express Day and Night Service. WOOD FOR SALE Headquarters Yukon Stables, Dawson Telephone 165. James Grant King Edward Fruit and Candy Store W. W. GILMOUR & CO. Painter, Paper Hanger and Artistic Decorator. Creek Orders Receive Prompt Attentioa. Store and Shop, Second Ave., Dawson Cigars, Tobaccos, News— papers, Writing Paper; Home—made Candy, Soft Drinks, fine Confectionery James and George, Props. Dawson. YACHT, LAUNCH and BOA l BUILDERS — EIPTING OUT A SPRECIALTY NortH Vancouver, B. C. MORTEN JORGENSEN PIONEER TAILOR Full line of Scotch and English Cloth for Ladies and Gentlemen‘s Garments Always on Hand. Second Avenue, Dawscn. Estimates Given; House Building and Raising. M. MURRAY CARPENTER AND BUILDER STORES AND OFFICES FITTED UP, CABINET WORK, ETC. Dawson, Y.T. Third Avenue Near Postcffice SKAGWAY, ALASKA. P. E. KERN MANUFACTURER OF NUGCGET A JEWELRY John McDade, Proprietor. «Dealer In j 4 4 Hotel new and modern throughout. Alaska Souvenirs and Curios of all|American plan $1.50 to $2 per day Kinds. European plan, $1 per nd _ u o oom and barber shop in con— Send for Catalogue. nection. Cafe and bar first—class in NOW OPEN Z________ Cecil Hotel every way. 1326 Granville street, Van— couver, B. C. The Oriental S.—Y¥.—T Building, Second Avenue f Dawson The Wonder of Tounsts. Makes a specialty of Original De— signs in Hand Embroidered Silk and Linen Gowns, Coats, Blouses, Kim— onas, Beautiful Lingerie and an un— surpassed line in needle work. Also the only store carrying the latest New York Fashions in Feminine Apparel. King Edward Restaurant PETE JELICH, Prop. Open Day and _ Night. Best Meals in Dawson. Dawson. Rocms by Day, Week or Month. Beds, 50 cents and up. Stone‘s Hotel MRS. B. STONE, PROPRIETRESS. Second Avenue, near Princess St. Dawson & MACHINE BANDE For Waterworks Systems, B. M. Simpson SHOE MAKER All Kinds of Repairing— Creek W ork a Specialty 234 Third Avenue, near Princess, Dawson. Supply, Power Plants, Dredge Work, Towns, wWOODEN TANKS AND 1512 to 1620 Center Street King Street. WASHINGTON PIPE ANB FOUNDRY COMPANY LARGEST PLANT OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD MANUFACTURERS OF AND CONTINUOUS STAVE PRES— SURE AND CONDUIT PIPE Plants Hydraulic Mining ’and Salt Water Mains. INSULATED WIRE CONDUITS, SPECIAL PIPE FOR MINES, TOWERS FOR a Steam Pipe Casings. Office, Factory and Works: TACOMA, WASHINGTON, U. S. A. D WOODEN STAVE Irrigation, Domestic Water Fire Protection for Cities, Mills and Manufacturing ALL . PURPOSES. and 3001 to 3019 Asotin Street, DAWSON DAILY NE W S. Barton _ Brothers .3 Wholesale and Retail *A Meat Merchants DAWSON Prompt Delivery Made to All Points in Yukon Territory. _ Im— _ mediate Attention to Mail or Wire Orders. Phone 33 1901 x 1909 Yukon Stables ISAAC LUSK, Proprietor Largest Livery north of Vancouver. Largest and finest string of horses ever in Klondike. Best livery and sales exchange in Yukon. All kinds of hauling, and teaming in Dawson, to creeks, or anywhere in Yukon. Large contracts for wood and heavy dredge hauling. Full line of buggies, carriages, sleighs, cutters. Open day and night. Whitehorse Stables now combined with Yukon Stables ownership. 310 Third Avenue. under one DAWSON. ‘Phone 165 Golden Gate CGrardens JULIUS _ JACQUEMIN Proprietor Leading Florist of the Yukon | _ Finest and Largest Greenhouses and Open Air Gardens in North. ‘Ten Thousand Square Feet Under—Glass. Choicest and Largest Variety of Cultivated Flowers north of Vancouver All kinds of _ cut flowers and plants. Designs prepared and flowers sold or rented for ban— quets, parties and like. Mail orders from any part of Yukon for plants promptly filled. All kinds of stock, including cauliflower, celery, cab— bage, etc., for transplanting. Located in the fashionable centre of the city, on Fifth Avenue, the boulevard of the Gold Metropolis. Fifth Ave., Near Princess, Dawson. ;Phone 157B __DAWSON DAILY NEWS. 3 The Pacific Cold Storage Co. _ Dealers in Live Stock, Fresh Killed, Frozen Meats, Poultry, Eggs, Butter and all Perishable Products. Main Office: Taconia, Washington. Glasgow Office: 26 Bothwell Street. Cold Storage Plants at Tacoma, Washington; Nome, St. Michael and Fairbanks, Alaska; Dawson, Y3 18 Cannery and Fish—Freezing Plant, T aku, Alaska. ¢ Packers and Dealers in Frozen, Mild—Cured, Pickled and Canned Salmon. Owners and Operators of Refrigerator Steamers "Elihu T hom— son" and "Robert Kerrt"—Refrigerator Barges "Dashing W ave," "M‘Nab," "Trinder" Cargoes for the Philippine and Alaska Trade a specialty Rates for Storage Furnished to Dealers in Goods Requiring Re— frigeration Upon Application. Wire us for Prices on Frozen Salmon, Using the Western Union Code. Contracts Made to Supply Beef, Mutton, Pork, Poultry and Other Meat Products to Operators in the Principal Mining Camps of Alaska and Y ukon T erritory. The Dawson Daily News and The Dawson Weekly News Yukon‘s Pioneer Paper———Covers the North REACHES EVERY HOME AND BUSINESS. READ IN EVERY CABIN ON EVERY CREEK IN KLONDIKE CIRCULATES IN EVERY PORTION OF THE GOLDEN NORTH K!ondikers Have the Gold—T hey Live on the Best the W orld Produces—T hey W ear the Best Goods Made —They Make Their Money to Spend or Invest and T hey are the Best Citizens of the Continent. If you contemplate coming North or investing in this re— gion, subscribe to the News and keep in touch. Be Abreast with Northern Progress. If you think you may want to subscribe or advertise, send for Sample Copies of the paper. Your name and address on a postal is sufficient. The Dawson News Publishing Company, Ltd. OLDEST AND BEST KNOWN PAPER OF YUKON OR ALASKA—READ AND APPRECIATED IN BOTH TERRITORIES Our carriers and mail connections cover hundreds of miles North and South weekly in creek service. Manufacturers and Makers of Meritorious Goods Cannot W ith Profit Ignore this Field—Create a Market Among the Virile People of Yukon and Alaska by Advertising to the T housands W ho Read the Daily News and the Weekly News. — We also publish the Yukon World and Official Gazette of Yukon Territory and have the heaviest and finest line of job stock in Yukon and magnificent print— ing plant,: including Mergenthaler typesetting machines, etc., all electrically driven. pAWSON, YUKON TERRITORY mmmmmmmnesmemmnsmcmenne emmpesceus 52 DpAWSON DAILY NEWS. Canada‘s Famous Yukon Territory... Within the last quarter of a century the mineral output of Canada has totalled over $1,000,000,000. > In 12 years Canada‘s Yukon gold field alone produced more than $125,000,000; this field—200,000 square miles in extent—has scarcely been touched yet and, with the recent investment of—capital in improved machinery, etc., the future is big with promise of larger returns. The Mining Regulations are briefly: UARTZ—A person eighteen years of age and over having made a discovery may locate a claim 1500 feet by 1500 feet. Fee, $5.00. _ At least $100 must be expended on the claim each year, or paid to the Mining Recorder. _ When $500 has been expanded or paid and other requirements complied with, the claim may be purchased at $1.00 an acre. Placer Mining Creek Claims, 500x2000 feet. _ Other than creek claims, 500x1000 feet. Grant for one year $10.00. DREDGING—Two leases of five miles each of a river inay be issued to one applicant for a term of twenty years. _ Rental $10 a mile per annum. _ Royalty, 2%% per cent. after the output exceeds $10,000. But Canada‘s wealth is not all in the mines: _ In the great western provinces are millions of acres of FREE, rich, arable land awaiting the arrival of the settler. Land that will produce crops of grain and fruit unexcelled on the North American Continent. A letter or postal card addressed to T he Superiniendent free of charge, an illustrated pamphlet giving full par— ticulars. T. DUFFERIN PATTULLO W. G. RADFORD Pattullo & Radford REAL ESTATE,INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS PRINCE RUPERT. B.C. _ DAWSON, Y. T. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, will bring to your door, _ The Canadian Bank of Commerce Gapital—paid up. . .0. . rrune se uﬂs s A e o on To $10,000,000 i.‘ ... o ces ts 6,000,000 B. E. Malker. as....ls.lle.sll. President Alex. Laird :n .... .s.... General Manager Head Office: Toronto. 195 Branches and Agencies including the following: MONTREAL, —P. 0. VICTORIA, B. C DAWSON, Y. T. WHITZE HORSE, Y. T. SKAGWAY, ALASKA SEATTLE, WASH. — VANCOUVER, B. C. PORTLAND, ORE. LONDON, ENG., 2 Lombard St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Travellers Cheques and Letters of Credit sold available in all parts of the world. Third Avenue Market KASTNER & RICHARDS Wholesale and Retail Meats Headquarters for Game ORDERS FROM ALL POINTS PROMPTLY\ FORWARDED. Phone 115 : Third Ave. and Queen St. DAWSON %‘*AE@.}_ Nule o ols meppsernace + s smvdes rea es nommenapnmeinipn im remme iengnny nomemnmenmnimrme l Sney DAWSON DAILY NEW S. s : §3 THE DUBLIN HYDRAULICS One of th i i e Largest Hydraulic Tracts in the Yukon—Splendid Property in Upper Stewart District Being Developed. HE Dublin Hydraulies, Limited, is doing more extensive devel— opment. and prospecting work on its properties on Dublin Gulch, in the upper Stewart country, this season than ever before. V. V. Blodgett, the superintendent, who is one of the most experienced hydraulic in the North, left Dawson in— ginning to end. were engaged by him as soon as the make it an ideal hydraulic proposi— tion. The tract is three and a quarter miles long, extending from the mouth of_the gulch up, and taking in every— thing for the width of a mile with the exception of 2500 feet owned by Jack Suttles, and on which the com— § has a grant to 1000 inches of water to be taken from Hag— gert creek four and one—half miles schist. More than 40 holes have been sunk on the property, and there is an open cut 400 feet wide and about the the same length, representing the work done the last three years by lay— men,. MclIntosh, Anderson and ‘Tom Heney, who took out an average of 75 cents to the cubic yard last year. is noteworthy that only one or two claims exist on Haggert above Dub— canvas hose and a two—inch nozzle, under a pressure of 50 feet, and an average of $1.40 to the cubic yard was cleaned up. ‘This was not a fair test, as bedrock was supposed to have been cleaned, but afterward in washing ten pans of this bedrock 90 cents was re— covered. During the summer of 1908 open cut was worked by laymen an and about 6,750 cubic yards was moved by a two—inch nozzle, with six—inch canvas hose. The total sum cleaned Hydraulicing Scene on Dublin Gulch. A Clean—up on Dublin Gulch. snow melted, and the directors of the company hope to have the most pleas— ing results to report at the end of.this season. $ On one of the last steamers going up the Stewart river last fall, the peo— ple interested forwarded a thousand feet of ten—inch hydraulic pipe, lum— ber, camp outfit, horse feed and the like for the season of 1 9, and dur— ing the winter the consignment was freighted from Mayo landing to the gulch on sleighs. Only situation of the tract, no end of water and a heavy above the mouth of Dublin. The ditch to convey this water will be less than four miles long. Work will: be begun on the big ditch this season, and it is expected «0 have it com— work is to be done, head of 600 feet, which two milesTup h ce en r rapidly as it is ascended, thus afford— i 11 for hydraulic 00 acres in the tract there is little or no overburden Moss and scrubby trees Ground Sluicing on Dublin Gulch, Prospecting Scene on Dublin Gulch. lin. Haggert is the foremost creek among the small operators in the up— per Stewart district just now, and they doubtless would have staked Dublin, together with Haggert in their rush last fall had it not been for the fact that Dublin alréady was held by the company. ‘The splendid pay located on Haggert, told of elsewhere in this edition, argues the fact the gold there must have come out of Dublin. The values found in prospecting the i ing from 75 cents to $4.50 a cubic yard for a width of 400 feet and good values for hydraulic purposes have been found a distance of two miles along the gulch. During the season of 1900, claim No. out $350 in ten days during 1906, min— ing in a crude manner with a six—inch up for the season was $4,400, about 75 cents to the cubic yard. The water supply on Dublin Gulch is equal to the very best in the entire placer grounds of the Yukon. Be cause of the springs which run con tinuously throughout main water supply is fro and will be brought through the big ditch already referred to in this article. Prospectors and miners have been on Dublin Gulch continuously since 1898. ‘The prospects they found have kept them enamoured of the locality, but they have worked in crude manner and under great difficulties. This was chiefly because of the great distance the seat of supplies. h boating they had to spend most of <winter getting in their necessities, g4 l & *3 leaving them Only the summer to work. nder these conditions John J. Suttles is the only man w i ed on the ground continuously since 1898. He staked No. One, and in 1900 s also has been kept in good standing, but has been purchased, and is a part of the Dublin Hydraulic‘s property. The history of Haggert and Dublin goes back as far as 1889, when pay gravel first was found. long before the great strike on Bon— anza was made or Klondike dreamed of ‘by the world. ‘Thomas Haggert, accompanied by another fearless pros— pector, pushed into the silent, remote field, and lived all that winter in that district, subsisting on nothing more than moose meat. ‘The two men pros— pected there with considerable encour— CpAWSON DAILY NEWS C agement, finding as high as 35 cents to the pan. Mr. Haggert did not leave that section until the rush to the rich creeks nearer Dawson. He returned Questen river district dur— ing the seasons of 1901 and 1902, but as he then was a man 55 years of age, and more or less worn down by the roughing of years, in time found the k of ascending the Stewart with a small boat too trying. ow _ fine steamers and a number of private launches ply the Stewart to McQues— from Dublin all the left limit 2500 feet wide as high as three cents to the pan, and this only while prospecting. The company is fortunate in havy— and in opening the g‘round on priace ing such an experienced hydraulic man tical lines, and in knowing how to s V. V. Blodgett in charge as Super— meet and cope with all contingencies intendent. He has been engaged in anq conditions. f hydraulic work continuously . for The officers and shareholders are has opened and had lfull all Dawson people. At the first gen— dee melmecied Lon l on i ol meetine of the o tanee ho e $ wson ri & EZ?élrlio‘;a;hiflr::jt tlf:(’i?gﬁoo?hebe;i%r: elthion’of I:)fficers and directors for w 7 % + and he has operated in Ecuador, the year reaulled o« fellow.. United States of Columbia, Old Mexi— — President, Dr. W. E. ‘Thompson; vice president, Eugene A. Murphy; tana, British Columbia, in Gen. Man. of the Klondike Mines rail— Trinlty, Butte and Nevada counties way; secretary—treasurer, W. H. California; and nine years in Yukon. Smith, broker; directors: the forego— He is familiar with all branches of ing officers and G. I. C. Barton, of preliminary to Barton Brothers, wholesale and retail in f bullion. e pre rgnoedii igna(:i Ban be better appreciated dent of the Dawson News Publishing when it is recalled that the success of Company, Ltd.; Wrn. ‘Taylor, ge‘neral a proposition depends largely on hav— agent for the White Pass Railway ing experienced managers and in mak— company; rank owe, furniture ing a good start in installing a plant dealer, and H. L. Clements, engineer. m By GUS JOHNSON, of Dawson. TIMBER IN YUKON TERRITORY | _ UKON 4s extensively— wooded along the valleys, and has ex— tensive forésts fit for Iumbering, pulp wood purposes and fuel.. A few years ago there was a large demand in the Yukon. for lumber. large quantity was required for the construction of houses, for city improvements, for the construction of flumes to carry water from streams to the different mining claims to which water rights were ap— purtenant, an or the construction of _ sluice—boxes. and power—houses erected in connection with _ mining plants installed on the . principal creeks. ‘The establishment of a min— ing camp of the magnitude of Dawson, and the enormous quantity of Iumber required within such a comparatively short period, created great activity in the lumber industry, and the four saw ills in Dawson, aggregating a capa— city of 90,000 feet, were working night and day during the summer.. ‘The demand for lumber in Dawson may be said to have reached that point where the output is governed by the quantity required for maintenance of buildings and other improvements in the city.._On the creeks, however, the being constructed, several large water already constructed may be said to have considerably increased the de— mand on the creeks for lumber. One large minin~ company erected a saw— mill on the ‘E‘welvemile last fall, of a es Gus _ Johnson. grants 0 great lengths of flume, reservoirs and impounding—dams are being built, and the general repair of water conduits capacity of 30,000 feet, and has been r facturing its o umber during the past winter. enormous quantity of timber has been cut in the Klondike district for mining operations. Wood is the only ‘There is also a large extent of tim— fuel that has been used up to the pre— ber along the Stewart and Pelly and sent time in thawing the frozen their tributaries Owing to the dis— ground, and it is, therefore, an es— tance from Dawson, however, very sential factor in the developing and little of this timber has been cut ex— working of claims. At i i certain quantity of wood piled on a poses on the claim was accepted as representation of these rivers. Writing of the tim— under the old placer mining regula— ber on the upper Stewart, Mr. J. tions. Under the Yukon Placer Min— Keele, of the Geological Survey, in his ing Act, however, this mode of repre— ‘report of 1906, says:— f sentation. was abolished, and in the _ ‘The principal forest trees are white and black spruce, balsam, poplar and he mountain sl ic begnnillc‘luded- tltn sryouns" ofd tl;g 1,805 to 2,200 feer apove the fisvefrr.om enormous quantity of timber use i — : fuel in connection with mining opera— bl The white spruce is the most valu— tions, nearly all the timber of any im 2P!¢ tree, and furnishes good timber portance has been cut on the creeks 1° Pui!ding and mining purposes. The ifithe Rloodike disttict proper. best groves of this tree are found on Hrge Iquantities of excellent tim— the islands or on the alluvial flats e cut annually on the along the river, but good specimens ber a Klondike for lumber and fuel, and QCCU! !" seatfored . groupe s omm . the floated down the Klondike river to SOPSS t0 4 height of 2,000 feet above Dawson, where the logs are caught & e is the lower valleys. \ in booms adjacent to the sawmills, , "There is a marked deterioration and the smaller timber is piled on the both in the size and appearance of the beach for fuel. Besides the supply SPTuce as the more northerly branches from the upper Klondike, good timber ‘Of the river are approached. for fuel is found in the Indian river _ "The balsam fir occurs only on the district, and along the tributaries of valley slopes mixed with spruce, be— the. ukon north of Dawson. From ginning af an elevation of Indian river the wood is brought 1,200 feet above the river and contin— down the Yukon in rafts, w ich are uing upward to the limit of trees. On moored along the Dawson water front, the slopes of the Ogilvie range, how— and from the district north of Daw— ever, the balsam disappears entirely, son it is hauled over the ice by sleighs its northern limit in this area being during the winter. about the forks of Rackla river." QUARTZ —IN THE TERRITORY By FRANK LOWE, Former President Dawson Board of Trade. THIS year above all others does Yukon Territory look to quartz. During the ascendancy‘ of placer, quartz has been a secondary matter, and for years scarcely received any attention. But there have been a few faithful enthusiasts who have worked persistently, and now they have suc— eeded in bringing quartz to the ear— nest attention of nearly every one in the territory, and largely to the at— tention of capital outside the territory. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are being spent in the d quartz, and the work is not confined to any one portion of the territory. In Southern Yukon the work in copper has progressed to the extent that ship— ments are being made to smelters, and in silver and gold in that district the same stage is j i Details of the splendid strides in that part of the territory are told else— where in this issue in the article on "Southern Yukon." In Northern Yukon, that is the northern half of the territory, thou— & pecting, and now there is promise of results. The work is being undertaken this year more earnestly than before. A statement compiled in the office of the quartz recorder‘in May of this year, 1909, shows in existence i Northern Yukon a total of 760 quartz claims. e newals 373. Considering the fact that none of the properties were produc— ing, but were merely taken on specula— tion or held for purposes of prospect— ing, which in this country is expen— sive, shows what faith is held in the properties. Tli.e‘most energetic work this sea— eing done on the ridge be— tween the Klondike river and the In— dian river basin, and centering near the head of Dominion, Hunker, Bon— anza, Sulphur and other prominent Klondike placer producing _ streams, and in the neighborhood of what is locally known as "The ome," that is the central eminence of the cam From — "Fhe (D " — radiates the streams which have claimed the world‘s attention because of the rich— ness of their placers, and it has been the logical conclusion that where so much high grade placer has — been kel Of this number 89 are crown> found quartz of extraordinary value anza, oth isi i und tr 1 y °r very promising proper and in . quantities should exist. are being openedl? and agqilx)artpz ri'iielsl ;I}‘lhe sur;ace indications,dbacked by the has been ordered for one h fheory, have encouraged a number of groups. Elsewher indefatigable workers to go in on the other old yo se td more promising outcrops. ‘The best locations are claimi i known or at least most talked of of the tcaiming . [ quartz property on the Dome just now ‘Twelvemile distric is that which was i opened by Dawson people, in associa— tilon with eastern capitalists. river, a huge deposit of conglomerate Za(ims arbe ':it the head s being prosvected by several as— niit se(i/?raélr Icrf(teeks, and on tihe slum;_ siduous workers. Two brothers there n shafts, one to a depth of have be d i o farillte . a been working on a mountain of show $40 or more to the ton in free milling gold ore abouts by August, and to cross—cut the veins found on the top. Near this pronerty are scores of other groups which have been held heims are and prospected with shafts and tun— nels fqr a long time. At the head of Victoria gulch, a tributary to Bon— #ommenrencoe en j DAWSON DAILY NEW S. KLONDIKE‘S BIG DITCH The Building of Yukon‘s I"a_nama—--A Fleet of .Gold Ships ——— Successful Mining Method, Electrical Elevator T is a commentary upon the age | in which we live that an enter— prise which fifty years ago would s great ditch at Dawson, Yukon ‘Territory, Canada, signalizing the ion of that concern‘s mastery of the novel situations up there where great de— gravels. Only that and nothing more. And not one man in a thousand of even those who read that despatch understood that here again was an in— stance of man‘s twentieth century mastery of the indomitable elements; terprise launched by the daring and brought to a successful issue against obstacles never before encountered. A Young Panama. How many yet know that without the herald of trumpets, an enterprise nearly a tenth as big as the Panama canal, and fully as daring and novel, has just approached fruition in the frozen regions of the far North? How many understand yet that com— merce the world over is about to be revived as by a transfusion of new blood into the veins of the aged, and this by a new flow of gold by the tens of millions yearly through the overcoming _ 0 natural _ barriers which have held off humanity since the existence of the world? Volumes have been written and read of the Great Salt River ditch, of the divert— ing of the Colorado and kindred pro— jects. But here was announced as modestly as would be the building of a house, the completion of an under— taking putting them all completely in the shade for courage, for innova— tion, for difficulties overcome, an for prophetic vision of the engineers and faith in that prophetic vision by the men controlling the necessary millions. The telegram means the diverting of a river of five thousand inches, and the carrying of that river over precipitous mountain tops, across delivering it by a great inverted syphon over the Klondike river to the pristine glory as one of the most im— portant producers of the world. Rework the Klondike. It means the bringing into produc— tiveness of tens of thousands of acres of gold bearing gravel hitherto lying idle. It means the reworking wit increased profits of every inch . of ground. which formed the original Klondike, with additional hundreds of i ich never could have primitive means a million dollars and precipitated the greatest stampede of argonauts the world has ever known, have been ab— sorbed along with thousands more by the Yukon Gold Company, Powerful dredges, unique and surprisingly suc— cessful electrical elevators, multifar— ious hydraulics have been installed to work the ground, and finally a northern river, taken from far up in the Ogilvie Mountains, brought to do the work of overturn— ing the hills, ripping out the in— teriors, stripping bare of its gold the accumulated gravels of untold ages. With sun and wind and steam, and now with great floods of water, the eternal frost in the ground is being made eternal no more; is having a time limit set; is being extracted and dissipated to the four winds of heaven. Tremendous machinery has been conveyed deep into the track— less wilderness. _ Above timber line, at the head of a jagged mountain range wher headed herds of caribou have hitherto been absolutely safe from even the native hunter, is to be found a mod— ern electrical power plant, complete in all its appointments to the smallest etail, sending its magic—working cur— rents along heavy copper lines down to the distant valleys of the on— dike, there to turn the wheels, pump the water, elevate the gravels, saw the wood, wash the black sand, drive the dredges, illuminate the colossal works at night, and in other ways subject to man and make docile the natural obstacles which are obstacles no longer. Panama Compared. _ No part of the Panama canal strip is removed more than a day or two from the ships of the ocean. Supplies men can be and are landed there comfortably from the ocean carriers almost in sight of their work. Sup— plies for the men are landed almost at their camps. ot so with Klon— dike‘s Panama. ‘Thousands of miles from civilization, and twice as far from the manufactories, men and machinery had to be assembled far in the interior of a country until quite lately thought inaccessible to all but the most daring Arctic ex— plorers and adventurers. An army of men had to be provisioned over a trackless area many miles from even the friendly Y¥ukon river. . New methods of road building had to be devised across swamps. ‘The ways cases. And in the end we find the . masterpieces of Pittsburg machinery duly installed side by side with Ger— many‘s best products of steel, ~and Slavonians, Swedes, Italians, English— men an mericans _ comfortably boused and working in their various capacities far from the madding crowd. h Quite naturally the Klondike river, heading in the distant Rockies, was first looked to as a source of water and power for cheaply opening up Klondike‘s almost inexhaustible gravels. But a similar supply 0 water and power to that now turned to use from the Twelve Mile river, stave pipe, and thirty—cight miles of sions,‘ in grade, and nature of ground crossed. ‘The bottom of the current would be fatal are slow and here the ground is still more unstable, the great stave pipes California redwood have been built crossing the swamps like t headless and tailless snake. Klondike is crossed by a steel line of pipes over a steel bridge specially X/r THONAS X y t x X olsE WTN 0 CR Cerp FROM some vast ' The argonsuis of 1808, —ft discounts» —> vH 4 | agd avery undertaking hitherto would —have cost. seven millions, § v y 7 would have been another year . or o tz § — _YUKON TERRITORY MAIN LINE DITCH l aftempted) by, ancionts " .00 y two in maturing, and would have re— ts Ts $ against such ds a"dsgr‘:fsrvgge]tme quired a ditch of eighty—five miles . ,‘/\), ThP3, iz lsll‘igdggvdiiaihi\atgr: pre length, instead of sevcnty]rniles. ’1I<‘he E//%/“‘W\W%\ } 2 F Twelve Mile enters _the ukon |_ & Ts aATIn gif 6 The Yukon Gold Compargmlislifrrlls eighteen miles below — Dawson. It s A (;Iﬂlg" t 2 Zf‘O of the vast enlgerprise:he Guggen— heads in the Tombstone range, part ' NSL e h C.} nown to the PHUNIC asl have bee of the ilvie Mountains, whi t— : f hein Ro e 4. tain an altitude of 7,000 feet and over, 1 ‘the applications, a’;d adda%tvaiil:w:: igf and afford an inexhaustible supply modern “heCha";izrtﬁ;lg i:he inngva— of water through the summer melt— ':;";mg' afnw ngcts d ing of the heavy snows. Foe ts Aat The Great Ditch. issue of the greaf metropolitan daily he great ditch, carrying five of the North. ‘The twenty claims of thousand inches of water, is made up Bonanza creek and Eldorado creek of nineteen and a half miles of flume, which offhand produced twenty—four twelve and a half miles of steel and in this special h m 3 56 built on Lohcrcte piers. And at tlie 5 pounds pressure to the square inch, according to where on Bonanza creek it is used. Before filling up the valleys level full with the debris from the golden operation — is places sixteen driven ahead of th frost effectively ex— ¢ Night and day the dredges work, tied operators. being c pAWSON DAILY NEWS the No. 5 copper wire which conveys the high tension current to the gold— fields.. Four sub—stations, at various points, and transformers at. every dredge, change the current back to serviceable pressur Electric Elevato anner of dredging widely known throug the operation of smaller goldships in varioiis parts e world, it is not the electric elevators which are cleaning out the last vestiges of of the creeks antici— hills. dredges without the dredge ere is the same f buckets elevating the g avel a ver— Steam Shovel Working Near the Clouds. replaced by fresh ones at intervais, the rumble of the powerful machinery and the rattle of the gravels from s are electricailv current fro n plan BA tle Twelve \Iile over heavy copper lines, tical fifty feet. Bu the pond of water and the ship are replaced by a sumphole on bedrock into which sumphole surrounding gravels and muck are hydraulicked. From the t p of the 1 tower carrying the tring of buckets runs a line of sluiceboxes, into which everything from the sumphole is elevated o pumped. Presently large areas of minute 24 buckets into the sluiceboxes above. three ele— vators of the conipany eacli have a nominal capacity of 4,000 cubic yards per day, but this, of course, is modified by the capac1 of the sluiceboxes. duiiip ‘The buckets are revolved by electric motors. ‘The water from the sump is pumped by electric motors. hydraulic pressure from the.monitors of 140 pounds is secured froni electric motors. n e ground is illumin— ated in the dark iiights of the fall by electricity. _‘ undred _ electric vator, 35 for the buckets and 165 f the pumps. ‘IT‘he effectiveness of the elevators is a marvel —to eiolders, and a constant source of delight to the hosts of ViSitors who take a sin— cere satisfaction‘ in every invention calculated to master‘the weird nor— rn: conditions. — Frost interposes tion of the new elevators gravel hydraulicked c of u quickly yield the fiost uiider the ac— d creek than granite, literally melt as soon as thawed. It of record that lots of the d being worked by the elevators d $7.50 to the cubic yard which is more than double the estimates for the same ground. | Since the company is now able to furnish the power at a cost of $8 per horsepower per month, and ten men per operate the elevator, the dimensions of this me— chanical victor its wealth—making marvel, is readily estimated. Klondike Inventions. Klondike has in its time introduced, modiﬁed and perfected a multitude of m = m. 4 3 (= devices for mining frozen groun Everything used hroughout the north, and which has gradually re— duced the cost of mining from $15 per‘ cubic yard to as many cents, had its genesis in the Klon— dike. And the electric elevator, tak— ing the place of the hydraulic elevator found elsewhere no room for fur working creek botto to the similarly constriicted’l'i}i;id Sllll’l- 1 in the argument; there is seem— ingly nothing to follow, ingenuity being exhausted, and effectiveness just now. The ditch was dug wit powerful steam shovels, digging five minutes and then moving ahead by their own Six such shovels Several of especially, afforded a unique instance w the dreadful forces of nature in a country where nature puts on k her most dreadful aspect, can be and By are utilized. engineers for such w Ten million feet of lumber was used in the fluming necessary to carry the water of the ditch over ra— vines and bad places. ‘This was . manufactured to size and shape at a steam sawmill built on the main. Twelve Mile river, a spot beforetime har nown/‘ to even the Indians, but containing the best piece of li.im- rea ntres was equalled by the little mill almos at the head o a mountain chain in the interior of that supposed inaccessible country. _— Built Against Odds. More particularly interesting to en— gineers would be the details of the construction of the ditch. In places . it runs through what is practically a glacier, layers of ice being uncov— ered the moment the upper muck was removed. Cribbing was resorted to, Near Head of Tombstone Creek. The main line is 36 miles, the branches 18 miles. Oll Little Twelve ‘half miles ond under an effective head o ree generators convert the from the Pelton wheels into three times 625 kilowats, the current being stepped up from 2,2 olts to 33,000 volts, and then SWitched into bedrock are exposed and drained, and then gold absolutely, and the slabby bedrock, which berieath the pond will puzzle the dredges, is robbed com pl(-tely if its last grain of the yellow metal. ach bucket liolds thr ee cubic feet of gravel. ‘Ther e 76 of the buckets in the string, and each Wooden Pipe Line Under and economy havmg appaiently ieached its maximun The seven dredges of the company, making their own ponds and floating ultimate of many years of evolution and ex— redge swings from to Sl(le constantly, taking s th from the bottom of the pc nd, sluiing it within the dredze itself, siacking th> coarse gravels nish in the rear, and pumping the sand be— e mt t ore Nazure gl:irted makiiig the Klondike. But it is on the newer develop— ments to come from the new. flood water in the great ditcli that pub— lic attention in the north is centered ‘the Construction. iheI sides being then lined with moss and hottest—summer weather, protected by just a natural growth of moss filled between the interstices with de ecayed vegetation and sand stuff. Naturally in sue aces current was not wanted hence the varying grade of tch from time to time, and lience the varying size, the bottom varying in width from nine to twenty he worst ground is that in which not only laye of ice bu nearly vertical veins of ice extend afford a channel for seepage as the. ice thaws. ‘These permit the water river — Tsﬁ + hewiL Inpmiias dn from the ditch to eseape, and it Will appear a hundred or ser—if permitted by. the But these, too, have been vented, and the bottoms, where ne— cessary, have been protected in the same way nature would do it if the bottom of the ditch—were the surface of the earth. wooden pipelincs found here and there carry 200 f of pressure. They vary in diaineter from 40 to 50 A Section of Pipe inches 'iccordiiig to the grade. The mate Jal om— California mills, the staves being shaped where made, and being assembled mile by mile on the ground, the whole held. together by malleable . iron The spacing of e demonstrated the com— pletest reliability for these. stave— pipe sections of the great ditch. A from the of the mining expert who also is editor of the Mining an Scientific Press, of FranCisc will disclose somewhat of the diff— culties overcome. n Ex xpert‘s Summary. "In building the ditch many natural obstacles were d Eh part, by ex— perience gathered elsewhere in the north. e fol lowmg examples will prove suggesti «_ Frozen muck, where there is material for constructing lower bank, is scraped by the aid of horses so as to accumulate on the lower side, Line. and against the bank thus formed are laid close together, the placed two feet below Upon the poles is spread a layer of moss or sod from 6 to 12 ll]"llCS thick. Then dirt or other good tamping material is scraped, forming a slope feet moss, and in— is frozen material upon eing — ex— posed to the warm air, upon removal f moss, thaws to a slime.. In such material the ditch is dug 16 to 1 t wide, during the first season; the lower bank sloughs away; the upper bank melts, and the ditch is practically obliterated; biit by main— On the Line of Ditch, ; feet wide. DAWSON DAILY NREW S me nla t.iiiiiii'r opcn diaiiis the whole mass In the second season the diteh is dug again, and the stu‘f which filled it serves to form e lower bank poles, moss and fill are arranged as in No. 1. When the moss on the upper side is tlllcl\ and remains unbroken, it dra the un— derlying silt, which continues to run out like a thin mud until it finally attains angle of the rest; then the moss protects the bank from further thaw. however, the moss o the upper b nk is thin or brittle, the silt slides into the cut, and must be scraped by teams to the lower side. In cases where the lower bank is uneven=so that poles cannot be laid regularly, two stringers are stretched longitudiiially to serve as a the poles. ‘These stringers are held in place by logs placed horizontally un— derneath the lower ban attered schist is éasy to dig, but it makes leaky ground. is done by the steam shovel ditch is made 14 feet wide at the bot— tom. he corners are excavated by hand labor, and filled with moss to (s] ~a sides are given a slope o 4. rocky slope with no lower bank offers aiiother roblem. On the lower side a crib of logs is built, with a base six feet wide and a top four This framework is fille with broken rock loss and pud— dling are applied as before.‘ The foregoing affords some idea of the nature of the ground on which tions prevailmg there ed also to conserve the water natural d s from the reservoir so e 700 —miners‘ water for at—least forty days. of steel across Bonanza creek far below the dam, pours this precious water onto the heights of Gold Hill and the hills below Another Ditch. But for the presence of the over— shadowing of the great ditch, an— other ditch of twenty miles, the Acklin ditch, would be ‘considered an important enterprise. Taking the water of Moosehide creek, the ditch carries it around Moosehide mountain and onto the heights of the left bank of the Klondike river, opposite the mouth of Bonanza creek, where at some time in the dim and distant past Bonanza creek deposited some of its carried gold at a level far higher than the creek present. And so what was once known as the Acklin_ Potato Patch, and was a magnificent garden, now shows im— mense gravel pits from which the groun as beeii removed by hy— draulies. New Klondike. The Klondike has to date produced a hundred and_ twenty—five millions in gold dust. It is estimated upon § $7 reliable data that much more remains to be taken out. ‘The Yukon Gold Company‘s holdings are of fabulous is «‘Tie expenditure of twenty millions and inor(_ in purchase and construction aiid tion becomes a me rop in the bucket. pertics, installed, and the whole supplemented with a rivcr of cheap water under great essure on the tops of the highest hills——quite naturally it was business t the advent of the new me— Now that the water is on the ground, now that the Klondike. camp saw a new birth with the tele— graphing of the news of the arrival the I‘welve Mile water on the heights far above Dawson City. And— vast are the known gravel deposits carrying gold profitably to be worked the newer and‘ cheaper methods, there is no way of fixing a day when there will again be a falling off in The first year Costing some three or four million dollars, built as it is through such strange environment, and pre— cious as is its maintenance in view of future possibilities, it is inevitable the ina\iiniini will not be attempted eason or two. Meanwhile the arrival of the valuable water cheapens the operation of even the machinery installed and opcrated for years. With ut a portion of t ie water now avail— able the overburden of the creek gravels being w Oiked by diedge and elevator can be readily nitid o dis— appear down the Klondike into the miles distant. Water works. magic with the muck covering of the ravels. ‘Then the sun and wind act illy as magically in extracting frost, is faCi]it'iting immensely every br'in ch the work of extract— ing the gold. ’l‘hen as the creeks become worked out, will come the leveling of the hills the deep, canyon—like creeks af~ fording unlimited dumping gro for an unknown period. ‘The Will be no state legishtion ag'iinst it 'is in — California. _ Th neit farms t ove rﬂowcd nor SlllUgISll iver to become blocked by the dirty water from the mines. It is a country devoted exclusively to mining, anc where the natural conditions, once matiired, . ai rather than retard. \Iouiitaiii torrents are harnessed for ntain streams furnish thc lly(ll"lllllL.S Rapid rivers, which made useless scores of steamers of the first steamboats sent .to stem their torrents, insure a perpetuation of their chaniicls agaiiist any possible mining conditi 4h ;\. ickard himself a mining eiigiiiecr of widest experience an an authority whenevcr he speaks, was an astonished visitor to the big works ‘T.‘) Another Piece of Ditch Construction, 74 58 + during construction. He graphically sums up some 0 is impressions thus: > Expert Sums Up. "It was no light task to take care of the men engaged in this work; they were scattered over a line reach— ing more than 50 miles from Dawson, the various camps being pitched in pAWSON DPAILY NEWS. § , as the frost comes a passage is ef— fected. A plow removes any excess of snow, and the road is then watered o give it a durable crust of ice. Logging sleds from Michigan are used. ‘The average load is nine tons with four horses and eleven tons with six hor he maximum fifteen. tons with six horses. It cost Bulkhead to Protect Ditch. \ a wilderness of scrup and soggy moss. No supplies, either o ma terial, are haul it roads, except those built by the awson, are then Haul— ing is done exclusive in . winter The stumps and brush are cleared in a line across the marsh and as soon $2,000 to set up a camp, and it cost $7,000 to $12,000 to get a steam shovel ready to wor Not less than $75, 000 worth of horses were em ployed, price at Dawson being $800 to $900 per_pair. "The magnitude of the work ac— complished by the engineers of the Yukon Gold Company may be in— ferred from an enumeration of the tical design and entirely interchange- tasks completed during the three "able. sufficient stock of parts is seasons since the surveys were com— sarried, so as to obviate delays from pleted; seven dredges in commiSSion, slowness of transport. _ Maintenance three mechanical elevator a dam of a proper commissariat for laborers and reservoir (700 miners‘ mches for scattered over an area 70 miles long 40 days) on Bonanza creek, connect by 30 miles Wide required some gen— ing ditches, flume and pipe—aggre— eralship, e ati nine mi T00 | cen in the h singularly youthful men. Older men ator—Ed.), with 36 miles of line, 18 might stand appalled before the prob- miles of branch, and 8 miles of see— lems to be solved for the first time, ondary lines; 64 miles of main dit e or might prefer to follow safely after i i established precedent. And, too. with maturer years comes often a liking for greater creature comforts than from manufacturing ‘centers, with an are to be found on an Arctic frontier inadequate supply of labor. Some of Apparently much the same thoug the machinery that arrived at the struck Mr. Ri ckard, from whom we time of my visit had been ordered 18 have previously quoted. previously. he com _was carrying 1,812 roll, representing from 1,600 t men continuously engaged. This : C called for an expenditure of $300, 000 bia School of Mines; the per month. e examination of manager, Chester A. Thomas, hails the claims purchased or optioned not from Stanford UniverSity, the super— During intendent of dredges, E. . is a Harvard man; ewton, in charge of pipeline construction, is a Michigan graduate; the head of the hydraulic mining, George T. Coffey, erations, should be delayed in de— is livery despite every effort. It is al— perience; H. H. and ways difficult to operate when en— Austin hail from Stanford. They con- gaged in construction wor on a~ stitute a fine body of young and vig— large scale. Of the four large dredges, orous men, willing to make the most two are Bucyrus and two are of of the long Arctic day, and eager to Marion rnanufacture, each couple be— hasten a work of which it can be ing of the same pattern, so that the said that it is the most interesting arts are interchangeable he three example man‘s invasion the smaller dredges were built by the trackless wdderness that borders the Bucyrus company. ‘They are of iden— Arctic Circle NORTHERN COAL By CAPTAIN C. E. MILLER, of Dawson FEIELDS FROV[ present indications the country in the vicinity of son must at some day have been a large lignite coal field. QOutcrops are to be found in most directions and af— ter approaching Fort Selkirk a field of older measures is entered with out— crons of bituminous and as we pass toward the coast, even approaehirig semi—anthracite. The coal of this region _will com— pare very favorably an some cases much better with coal mined in and throughout Yukon and Alaska are extensive. To speak of the known deposits in Yukon territory prover, I may say that there is a coal deposit 23 miles southwest of Whitehorse, which is said to be semi—anthracite. seams lie at an angle, and there are a number of them m outcropping. On Indian river, less than 30 miles from Dawson, to the south city, there are two lignite coal Ioca- tions. On one of them several hun— dred feet of tunnel has been run. The posits of lignite equal in quality to any found in this belt. hundred miles northeast of Dawson coal outcrops are reported on the Wind river. ‘The seams are said This river is a tributary of the 1 river. ‘The samples shown 1 aughn, who returned from the coun— try with Charles Black a year or more ago, compare favorably With the best I have seen in the Seventy miles below Dawson one of the large trading and transportation companies for several seasons mined coal at Cliff creek. Much of the coal was shipped steamer to Dawson, and found a market at $25 to $30 a ton of 2,000 po In the Vicmity of Five Fingers, be— tween Dawson and Whitehorse, an right on the bank of the Yukon river, are a number of coal locations with which I am most familiar. I made the locations on some of the proper— ties, an been associated with their development. In I located e Five Finger coal mines from blossom or ouferop which I sighted when on the way down the ¥ukon river in a small boat the year before. ‘The property previously was located by George Carinack, famous as the discoverer of gold on Bonanza creek. The seam on which I first located is two feet nine inches thick with some rock through the top portion. ‘The texture of the coal is quite liard, and it will not slacken when exposed to the air. It is a very good coal for do— mestic and steam purposes and will coke.= It has a good roof and floor. ‘The mine has produced. several thousand tons, always finding a ready market for the product. ‘The analysis show 10 to 15 per cent. ash, and 45 to 50 per cent. fixed carbon. I opened the Five Finger coal properties in as— sociation with Fred_ Wade, former crown prosecutor of Yukon, and after operating it five years, I located the ‘antalus mine, and operated it three months, when I leased it to a large navigation company of the upper Yu— on, the present operators. ‘The coal o the Dawson market, talus mine has been the largest pro— ducer of any in the Yukon. It is 240 miles south of Dawson, and so close to the water‘s edge room for some of the works had to be made on ‘This coal needs to be make it satisfactory for domestic or steam three and a half to eight feet. The analysis shows fixed carbon 65 to 70 equals the Comox coal for fuel. It has proved satisfactory in tests for coke, and assayers have pronounced it sat— isfactory for smeltin he ‘Tantalus Butte mine, two and a half miles up stream from the Tan— talus, was located by me in 1905 The property has not produced as yet, but the outcrops show, and there. are three opcned one seam of seven feet, with one foot of rock near the centre; one seain seven and a half feet thick with one clay band a quarter of an inch thick; and one seam five and a half feet thick. ‘These seams lie at an angle of 35 to —power through the coal mine. Butte Mountain is 860 feet route of Yukon navig'ition along the high over the water he river lake and river; or es by gov— bends and winds around ten miles af— ernmeiit road from Whitehorse and ter it first touches the hill, and travels 150 ut half a mile with the hill in having fields made ten miles of a run and dropped properties are solid sandstone, with no three to four feet to the mile, which interruption except breaks from later— some day might be used as water al pressure and other causes. I estimate the Tantalus sutte has analySlS of the seams show: fixed car— three million tons virtually in sight n, 55 per cent; ash 4% to 7 per cent, above the river. It lS only 400 feet and volatile 29 to 31 per cent. rom the river. ‘The Tantalus, I es— 40 degreas. ntalus properties lie about timate, has four to five million tons— 208 miles north of Whitehorse by the under the water line EURS IN ‘IHE YUKON J. S. BARRON, of Dawson. DAWSOV is one of the largest fur ermine, beaver 'md wolverine sets to 1 centers of the rth. The f be seen anywh that many of the fiiiest furs in the The lOC’llltleS in Yuk a on a world are obtained from this region quented by trappers are them]?’lely t-trliae has caused this city to be looked on headwaters of the 1g. 3 say the best fur is obtained on the headwaters of the Pelly. ]wherfe 1a few years ago marten were plentifu During the wint f 1902—1903 two trappersg e marten, and also a otter, beaver and mink, which sold at the tradiiig post at Fort Sel— kirIk The marten averaged $7 a skin. n the Pelly country the trading post at the $ J ts prospecting. ss a trapper ha large number of skins, it WI:]P ot] "S"i to make IShe trip either to Fort Sel— irk or Dawson as the extra price g:lat tclould be obtained would ﬂol:t) re— y ie expenses an i ie d time occupied A m ch higher price can be ob— B ——Pliotc by in the fur world as one of major im— (ol Duclos, portance. _ ‘The people Dawson iiaturally take to fuis in winter, and 1tliosc \1vhofbiiy in the Dawson market rave the first choice and therefore the i i get thle(lbc(sltkth at is" going. — Nearly threeIndlans wigkt every Klondiker is more or less of an The value of w ol exger}t in matching and selecting furs, therefore, deterin‘i:sedariii ‘tthIV & t;he w?men of Dawson wear many market according to the dgm db j e _ finest marten, mink, fox, the Indians along the lower ri\?:r Y purposes. The superViSion of all this rei(riiark— ' £ McCarthy, — g . a graduate from the school of ex- Hall E. DAWwWSON DAiLY NRWS. ues G SIXTYMIL E_ DISTRICT] By ARNOLD F. GEORGE, Secretary of the Yukon Miners‘ and Merchants‘ Association. THE Sixtymile creeks head with the Fortymile, and the same general characteristics prevail. The gold is coarse, there has been much concen tration of it, and the miners are chiefly engaged in taking it out where it may be described as in "bonanza" quantity. ‘That is to say, the exploita— tion of cheap ground at a small margin of profit has been neglected in favor of ground where even desultory work and primitive methods cannot fail to yield a profit. . It is wholly on the British side w activity is confined to Glacier, Miller, Big Gold, Little Gold and Bedrock creeks and a portion of the main Sixtymile itself, it is a self—supporting and profitable country, while recent developments have still more accentuated its "bonanza" features. GLACIER CREEK,. Glacier creek is the center of present activity and population. It is seven miles long a runs into Big Gold just a short distance from where Big Gold in turn empties into the Sixtymile. And thereby hangs an important tale, as will appear later. _ All of Glacier is staked, with fractions and benches, from has of recent years been 3 _ on the upper end, most of it summer work, many of the miners looking elsewhere for deeper ground with which to occupy themselves in the winter. As far as 18 below good pay was found. _ Below there of Glacier, which claim took in Glacier ground. _A tunnel to— wards Glacier 200 feet long, and a shaft at the end of the tunnel sixty feet down, revealed pay. Later Glacier pay, and on the left e unsuspected ‘The work of the early part of this winter, before I went there, had disclosed an important strike of coarse gold from this Stocton discovery up Glacier very nearly to where the rich pay left off at 18 below years ago. Before the holidays many fair sized dumps were out, activity everywhere, and the promise then made of many five and ten thousand dollar dumps is be— ing fulfilled. _ As in the Fortymile country, the aver— age depth is less than thirty feet. his new pay has already been traced down Big Gold, with every indication, as far as the miners have been able to investigate, that it will continue a greater or less distance on down the Sixtymile It is a valuable discovery, as the granting by the government . of reaching there by way of the Fortymile river, and over the divides. Note—The writer here enumerates many claims ier. Five dollar pans are common on Glacier. I panned dirt going into the dumps, unpicked, which went $1, $2 and $3. The width of th had not been demonstrated when I was there. a hundred feet apart found some edge pay. down Big Gold the ground is staked to No. 12 be- low, where Rufus Miller last year got water onto the benches with a three—mile ditch from Glacier. After concentration by ground sluicing, he took pans as high as $50 and $58. _ Men are too few and too busy to investigate whether the pay continues on down onto the likely benches on the Sixtymile. 7 LITTLE GOLD AND MILLER. 3 ‘This is a tributary of Big Gold further up. Work has been done and gold taken out, but the only men up there are John A. Davison and partner What is already known guarantees the creek will be worked discovery to the claims, is iri a conceSSion, but are known to be Only two claims in between are held pri— To twelve above I found the ground owned Since my return reports have been ~received of a very valuable strike on the upper creek, of which there is no reason to be skeptical, since gold has been coming from there steadily. ‘The new strike is on No. 5 above, where Madsen and Bourdelais have opened up five feet of gravel carry— _ ing coarse gold valued at 8 and 10 cents to the pan. 4 The concessmn is doing good work preparing for dredging operatio n experimental attempt at hydraulicking proved disastrous. _ What water has been secured is now being utilized in the most prac— tical and extensive attempts in the territory to strip off the overburden of muck, and have the sun extract the frost from the gravels. ‘The work done thus far is very promising. With a drill and by drifting and sinking shafts the paystreak has been or is being properly located and staked on the surface, and it is computed that the frost will be extracted even— tually from the entire auriferous area at a fraction of the cost elsewhere seen in thawing by s VALUABLE EXPERIMENT. The experiment is a valuable one for the terri— tory at large, where the various dredging enter— prises are against this frost proposition. Success on Miller creek extracting the frost cheaply by the sun will be watched, and success should be given the widest publicity. Upon this point U. S. Geo— logical Survey. Bulletin 345, 1907, says: "Dredging cost in frozen ground is increased by thawing cost, which may range from about.25 cents to 40 cents or more to the cubic yard It may even be as it has been in certain places in the Klondike, more than 80 cents. per cubic yard. It is not likely that dredging frozen ground requiring steam thawing can ever be conducted for less than 50 cents per cubic yard unless a new means of thaw— ing shall be evolved. _ ‘This means that inasmuch as it is exceptional to find extensive depOSits of allu— vium at such high tenor, frozen ground in general can not be dredged proftably.” e local work of stripping the concession is in charge of Harold Hosking, on the ground under Guy Lewington, mining expert of the company. BEDROCK CREEK AND OTHERS. Bedrock parallels Miller, and enters the Sixty— mile further west—up stream. ery inch of this stream carries gold, of sufficient value to be worked when freights are reduced by better roads and Yukon River, facilities. there, an presen ed. The Several men are permanently located ny of the claims are owned and r N. A. T. & T. Co. hold the claims on Sixty— mile below Miller, both creek and bench, down to nine below the mouth. Only two or tliree other claims are ow ned Sixtymile creek or river shows gold in the bars as far as the Yukon. _ ‘Ten dollars a day has been made on some of the bars near the Yukon by men with grizzlies and rockers. here has been practically no prospecting of the main ex— tent of this river, with every indication pointing to much gold ther At the head of tlie middle fork of Sixtymile is an outcropping of interesting quartz. sixteen miles from the Glacier settlement.. In four years‘ work to the extent of $5, has been done. A seventy—foot shaft penetrated 14 feet of a cap yielding assays to $20 and $30, while the bottom of the shaft yielded more, chiefly in gold, but carrying —tin, galena and i ‘Tow s the head of the main— Sixtymile is an— other outcropping of quartz, differing somewhat, but regarded as very valuable by the men exploiting it. Also thirty claims in that neighborhood are recorded on the American side, including a coal mine fur— nishing excellent samples of coal. n a tributary of Boucher creek is another out— cropping of lode mineral. Four claims are recorded. BEAR AND OTHER CREEKS. ‘There are many more creeks in the Sixtymile showing gold but which creeks c'innot be regarded as established. California is only one of these many promising creeks. But across the ridge dividing the Sixtymile watershed from that of the Fortymile are many Fortymile creeks, all and nearly all in British territory, and some of which may be put down as permanent producers. one man wintering there avis is another. Both are short creeks, shallow, and worked by ground— —sluicing and shoveling in. But Moose creek, all of which is British but a claim or two at the mouth is no longer a "sniping" creek. _ It is staked and held owing to the work of one man who has opened a new discovery on. which many men have panned 25 cents. — Several more men have moved in. ‘The gold I saw is coarse and flat, and of a dirty high— grade color. _ ‘The tracing of the pay from discovery is proceeding with some success and much promise ear creek parallels the Yukon at some distance inland. _ It has long been known to carry gold both on the main stream and its tributaries But persistent search there has been none until lately, when continuous work upon Hubbard, a tributary near the mouth, has uncovered "bonanza" pay, amounting, it is said, to as high as half an ounce to the pan. ‘This strike was since I passed through, and I was therefore unable to personally investigate. Six to ten men worked on Log Cabin creek part of the wmter this being brought about by a recent discovery of two—cent dirt in quantity. he work done has improved the value of the find somewhat, and has shown four feet of it word must be said of the enormous plentiful— ness of game throughout this entire region of Forty— mile and Sixtymile. — ‘Though used for every pur— pose for which meat can be used, including feeding the dogs, no impression whatever has been made upon the vast herds of caribou which roam the hills. Herds which it would be impossible to count pass Near Dawson. yearly. _ Miners readily stock their caches, until the meat becomes a surfeit. ey were in Sight on—the hills for months. One man I m eleven in half a day. _ It is interesting to note that the Peel river Indians this winter abandoned their own hunt— ing grounds east of the Yukon, and have spent the winter in this territory west of the Yukon. Good trails have been established up Swede creek and over to Sixtymile river by these Indians bringing in their moosemeat and caribou to The range of the herds was over the tops of the diVides, where the snow is blown from the moss and shrub— bery, and extends almost from Dawson to the divide between the waters of the Fortymile and the Tan— ana. — ‘Travelers up the Ketchumstock and Mosquito Fork report fabulous herds, the herds being miles wide and requiring many days to pass a given point. It is suggested by experienced hunters that the slay— ing of the preying wolves by trappers and hunters is what has enabled the herds to attain this enor— mous size. _ The plentifuliiess of game, fish and berries aids the miners materially in overcoming the handicap of excessive cost of food supplies. Glacier is 7 miles long, was very active in years past, but this year will produce more gold than for nine years. Fortymile and Sixtymile show the same high channels found in Klondike, but owing to the scanty population, extent of the creeks, and lack of crowd— ing, it is only now attention is coming to be be— stowed thereon. Big results may safely be pre— dicted, for whenever cut by the creeks, these chan- nels have fattened the paystreak just as her Mr. George‘s report on the Stewart River coun— will be found under the article herein entitled the “Stewart River District" by A. W. H. Smith, DAWSON DAILY NEWS. criculture and Hortieulture in the Yulson By. WM. S. PADDOCK, Dawson Farmer, N 1898, when the great rush took place to Dawson from the older portions of creation, one man the nerve to plant a few seeds in the k of the slough where St. es m A. stands. ing he might raise anything in ground a foot beneath the sur— _ river, vegetabl the surprise ‘of everyone it was found that the vegetables here grew rapidly than and the ‘The success of the pioneer experi— menter in Dawson encouraged others, and the industry rapidly spread near Dawson, and each year is taking on more extensive phases, until today about 200 acres of land are_ under cultivation in the suburbs of Daw— and the crops produced are as large m weight per acre as those of any outside farming district. _ This is the result when the soil is in proper has been cut 50 bushels clear to the acre; and I have dug po— tatoes in the vicinity of Dawson yield— ing 350 bushels to the acre. _ The islands in the Yukon or other decayed vegetable matter, and are not so sour as the ma inland which is covered with moss. . It is the moss which makes some ground in Yukon very sour. and as a rule very poor. But by plowing and cultivating about three years it becomes quite f rtile, and will produce good crops. . W are visited about every month by a light frost, so the sensitive plants are > grown in ‘the greenhouse. hese in— clude melons, tomatoes, peppers, egg plant and cucumbers. Some ave been grown, however, out of doors with great success after having been start— ed_under glass. By starting the greenhouses early e have lettuce, radishes, small _ stuff in the market by March 20. In the mean— time we start in the greenhouses celery, tomatoes, peppers egg plant, cucumbers and t h ke, and in fact, plants and flowers of all kinds. these plants are of goo size and can be transplanted in the open ground: By starting the greenhouse work February 1 to 10, the gardeners get six crops of lettuce or radishes off the same bench, but two or three general— ly are raised and the plants then are transferred to hot beds, and the green— raise any o by outside gardening, that is, so as to ripen the fruit, but can do so by hav— g the plants transplanted in pots un— til the first s aver— eight to twelve pounds to the nt. Because of the frosts coming too early, corn and beans are not a suc— cess in this country, but garden beans are raised to some extent with great care. Celery grows splendidly by starting the plants in the green— house twice, to set a good root, and then transplanting in the garden in very rich material. ‘This will produce large, crisp and exceedingly tender and luscious celery. I believe no celery in the world can excel that of Yukon for tenderness and quality in general. It is a matter of common comment by all visitors to Yukon. W. S. Paddock. is knownr outside as the early cab— }l:'ige Late cabbage will not mature Beets, carrots, turnips, ~arsnips and the like sown about May 1st in the open garden will mature and yield well. Oats and barley grow well and will ripen when desired, but the farmers find it more profitable to cut it in the milk, and to make it into oat hay, as hay here brings about the same price as oats or other grain —a result of high freight rates from the coast. Not much timothy hay has been raised in Yukon, but _ from small experiments it seems that it will grow and thrive here _ when properly seeded. The two hundred acres of land un— der cultivaton near Dawson last year, 1908, produced 450 tons of pota— toes and 150 tons of other vegetables. reen onions are prown to a great extent, and are an inch to an inch and a half in diameter. Strawberries have not gained any — commercial proportions, but some — have een grown outdoors with much success. Berries from native plants are ing quit 11. dginally e we came originall from the Pelly river, in the \g’ kon}t They stand the Yukon winters splen— Potatoes yield from 200 to 300 bushels to the acre, and by planting ter the last of September. The farms producing hay and grain are becoming quite numerous. At th head of Flat Creek, 16 miles from Dominion and 50 miles or more from Oats are ripened and thresh- In the Mayo dis is cut to others. ed in this vicinity. trict sufficient wild hay supply the deman Prof. —John Macoun, Dominion florist, in his extensive reports to the government, embraces this in his pamphlet on Yukon: "I took notes during the seven weeks I was at Dawson of — the growth of all cultivated grains and vegetables. Everything, be it native or exotic, grew _ surprisingly, and never found any . cultivated thing a failure. Growth of vegetables is so rapid and vigorous that to a person coming from the east it is simply astounding. I reached Davxson on July 10th early cabbage ug ust 5th their weight ranged fro 3 to .3 0 the 22nd, whcn I made my last visit, hundre of matured cabbages and" cauliflowers had been cut and asured the two lower léeaves of a cabbage cut the day before, and these placed oppos— ite each other had an expansion of 3 feet 9 inches with a breadth of 16 inches. I cannot call this even an average one as there were hundreds Klondike Vegetables. larger but later in maturing. Cauli— diaviiielts w;:)ret tIrom 6 to 10 inches in cter ns Cl.llt was told larger ones "No doubt the constant daylight gives the force necessary to expand the growing organs of the vegetables in cultivation, but behind the day are climatic conditions that yet are little understood which in my opinion are the prevailing factor in this wonderful growth." Writing of the agricultural possi— biIities of t Yukon, Dr. Dawson Dominion scientist after whom Daw— o 2 to 0Q son City is named, says, that to—day the Yukon TerritOiy may well characterized by the term which has been employed in connection with the Mackenzie basin, a portion of "Canada‘s great reserve." In— the future there is every reason to look forward to the time when this coun— try (Y¥ukon) will support a Jlarge and hardy population, attached to the soil and making the utmost of its re— sources as computed by Dr. Dawson in 1887 that Withiu the drainage area of the Yukon, as far north as Fort Selkirk, there was an area of 60,000 local purnoses. Since that time there e been discovered other important agricultural districts, which would af— ample scope for arming opera— tions, and the extent of territory available for agricultural purposes is greatly in excess of the area com— awson. It might be interesting to quote here an extract Dr. Dawson‘s report of 1887, showing how much he was impressed at that time by the agricultural pos— sibilities of the Yu "To instance a region wlich pro— duces the general conditions »of the Yukon district and adjacent north— ern portions of British Columbia, we must turn to the inland provinces of Russia, to which allusion has already been niade in connection with clim— atic features. ‘The province of. Vol— ogda. in European Russia, appears to offer the nearest parallel. It is cir— cumstanced relativel— to the west— ern shores of Rurope as is this dis— trict to the western shores of the North American continent. Its area is 155,498 square miles, situated be— tween the 58th and (Sth degrees of latitude. _ ‘The climate in both cases is a continental one, in which severe winters alternate wit warm sum— mers, and the actual degrees of cold "J a and heat, so far as our information goes, are not dissimilar. ‘Lnere is no very heavy rainfall in either reg— ion, such as we find near the west— ern coasts bordering on the Atlantic and on the Pacific respectively. ‘The agricultural products from the pro— vince of Vologda are oats, e, bar— iron and. ms: uds l;i(i;ble but tlie [)ICClOuS tant, as in the Yul\OIl district Hopor- and cattle are reared, and the skins of various wild z. nimals, as well as pitch and turpentine, are amon~ the 4 Ekports. vihce is 1 It is computed that the quantity of potatoes prown—near Dawson las laced on the market ag— gregated AJ tons. It has been es— timated that the population in the Yu— kon consumes annually over $200,000 worth of potatoes. During the pre— sent the principal industry is mining, and agricultural development must necessarily proceed according to the requirements of the population en— gaged in the mining industr arm— ing operations can only be successful ong as those who are engaged in a~ricultural pursuits produce no more than is require within the ‘Territory. sent time, however, agriculturists is not sufficient to sup— ply the local demand for farm pro— Thle pgpulation of the pro— DAWSON DAILY NEwWS. duce, and ~the quality of some of the products is hot qduite equal to the imported article; but as Professor ~Macoun has pointed out in his fe— ort on Yukon, "these matters Will right themselves in timé, but the climate must not be blamed for the ignorance of the cultivator." Care— ful and systematic farming opera— tions, with due regard to the pecul— iarities of the climate, would abolish the importation into ukon of many of the agricultural products re— quired by the people of Dawson and surrounding district. If hay, oats, po— tatoes, etc., were grown in such quan— tities as would supply the local mar— ket, the price would be much less than is paid at the present time for imported products, the transporta— tion rates would be avoided and the consumer would derive the benefit. Instead of the people of the Yukon paying large sums outside of the Ter— fitory for these products, the agricul— turists in t ukon would transact the business, and the money would be rétained in the ‘Terfitory, and prob— ably invested in such a way ould— aid in its future development. In the latter part of Aptil, 1907, one farmer near Dawson, who ha d held his stock of home—grown pota— toes during the winter, 13% tons at 13 cents per pound which brought him a round sum of $3,500. Potatoes grown in the Yukon jare quite equal in size to the imported product, and when the proper kind of seed in planted in suitable soil and attention is given to the cultivation, potatoes can be grown fully equal in quality, to the best outside product. ‘The best quality of potatoes so far have been grown on thc island Yukon river. On t use own aft land ‘has been cultiv%ited for 5 ftehvs y an island in the Yukon river at Ogilvie 175 pounds of po— tatoes were planted on the 12th of May, 1906. and by the first or second week in September the crop was ready for lifting, and yielded 8000 pounds. Many instances of success in rais— ing garden supplies or oats, hay and the like on various farms in Yukon could be cited, and for further refer— ences the inquirer is referred to the government reports b 7 had on inquiry of the agricultural de— taw partment at Ot How to Outfit for Prospecting By ROBERT HENDERSON, discoverer of the first gold in the Klondike Basin, now assistant to the territorial mining engineer. HE cheechaco, or newcomer, en— the Yukon to prospect Yukon to spend the winter without enough money to defray the cost of a winter‘s outfit. If one leaves White— horse in the summer, the trip down the Yukon river may be y steamer or in small boat. It 'ilways is easy to arrange accommodation By buying in a _ Cana ian town, goods entering the Yukon will not be subject to duty, but it is best, all things considered, an ou_tfit right in Dawson, or one to Dawson, to buy at Whitehorse. 6y buying in this territory, one h benefit of experienced and scrupulous traders, who know just what is adapted to this region, and who will assist in giving the best for the peculiar work to be undertaken The prospector should leave Daw— son in August or September. «At this time the summer floods are over, flies re less troublesom game and fish plentiful. \«Vhenever possible, the prospector should go by boat. For shallow, swift and narrow rivers, a boat 30 feet long, 26 inches bottom 22 inches in depth is the ing procured his boat, 150 feet of I/z nch hemp rope and a pair of long rubb boots, the prospector takes on his provisions, ing in mind that articles less likely o be damag ed by water should be pl'iced in the bottom. ‘The outfit r 12 months should comprise the fo llowm Flour, 500 lbs.; rolled oats, 150 lbs.; cornmeal, 50 lbs.:; rice, lbs.; b sugar; 12 cots, 25 lbs prunes, 25 lbs.; apples, 5 lbs.; milk, two cases; cream, two ases: ham, 25 1 con, 50 lbs: salt, 15 lbs.; pepper, 1b.; syrup, 5 gallons; baking powder, two lbs.; bakin soda, two ast cakes, six boxes: soap, best nilot bread, 30 Ibs:; candles, two boxes; to— bacco; best woolen underwear, three suits: thick overshirts, 3; thick woolen sox, 12 pair; German sox, 2 pair woolen pants. 1 pair; overalls, 3 pair felt shoes. 1 pair; rubber shoes, 2 moccasrns 3 pair; insoles for straps, t set; pair; good able pocket compass; cap : small camp axe, 1; aufgur, % inch, 1; laree enamelle(l mugs, 2. The outfit should include a small medicine chest, among the contents of which should be one box of car— i pint bottle of peroxide of hydrogen or other equal— ly good antiseptic. Csﬁl]CCIILF'\fC(l lime juice should be taken along to make a pleasant and invigorating drink, and it will be a most effectual preventative of scurvy. he tent should be 10x12 feet. It serves, when not in use, to cover up the outfit a precaution that should never be neglected either in the boat or in the camp. ‘The vrospector will have no diffi— :ulty inTproviding himself with fresh he country abounds with moose bear, caribou, mountain sheep, ducks ptarmigan, partridges and grouse and craties an alight on the bars of the upper rivers by the thousands. Beaver, land —ot— ter, marten, lynx, wolf, fox, wolverine and other fur— bearing anim plentiful around the upper reaches of Yukon side streams. On the trail in severe weather, al— camp while there is Never travel in zi lc for~> or Keep your hands and feet dry, and— don‘t forget your tobacco. It is well on a trip of this kind to ake two or three good dogs and a Yukon sleigh. ‘The dogs cost little to feed in a game country. The sleigh can be packed in the boat, and will be useful for moving cam rom creek to creek. Make a good warm shelter for the dogs and feed them at night. To keep the outfit while in camp, t four trees a few feet apart, and 12 feet from tlie ground. Pick off the bark, and build a platform on top and let it extend about three feet on each side beyond the supports. Place sup— plies on top and cover with canvas and spruce boughs. ‘They are in this way protected from bears and other animals. In building a cabin, make it big enough. It takes little longer to build a cabin 16x12 than one of less dimensions, and this is large enough for all requirements. Level off the ground and let the first logs be im bedded gable mu 1% inch wooden pegs, and the ridge pole laid in place. A smaller log on each side of the ridge pole ‘further supports the roof, which is made of poles 3 or 4 inches in diameter, laid side by side and covered with moss and earth. W'hipsaw a few boards to ake a door. ieces of moose skin make .good hinges, and a clean flour sack steeped in melted tallow or oil makes a good substitute for glass. Your partner on a prospecting trip should be a man with whom you are well acquainted, and of Jov1a1 and op— timistic disposition. _ Avoid_ argu— ments, especially of a religious or political nature, and the golden adage "a kind word turneth away wrath," ‘s nowhere so forcibly realized as in the wilderness. @""W /‘“O“ o eS “ rompmummommmmenmermnmnenannremmner SAMPLES OF YUKON GRAINS (Photo by Duclos The accompanying illustration gives an idea of the wheat, oats and native grass that can be grown in Yukon. Samples shown in the picture stand six feet, two inches high. ‘The grass ‘,\ \\\\\\ \ nggrmamremmemmezan s ~— is known as spare top, ~ brown top and fuzz top. he oats mature and thrcsh 46 pOIL)ln(lS to the bushel. These samples grew on Clcar creek, a few miles below Dawson. Similar grain nd grass is grown in many places in Yukon. ‘ Fraternities in DawsonJ AWSON is a fraternity center. _ Five orders represented here, namely, the ukon Order of Pioneers the Arctic Brotherhood, | both of are of northern origin and limitation; the Masons, the Oddfellows and . the Eagles. ‘The city also has a Canadian Club, an American Club and other such organizations. ‘The Yukon Order of Pioneers is most ardent are traditions and occaSiOinlly to talk over old times and ook after their fellow trail—blazers. The Pioneers have their own hall. Camp Dawson of the Arctic Broth— erhood is one of the strongest of the many camps of this peculiarly and exclusively northern order. . It num— its members — nearly minent citizen and official country but tcmporarily eligible to join, the order unless he does so while in Alaska or Yukon. A¥b Roval Arch, and the phi, all of which are flourishing he Fraternal Order of Eagles is represented in Dawson oy Aerie No. one of the staunchest of all ‘The membership is very large, a in the heart of the city. ‘The hall is one of the most popular for public as— semblies in Dawson. The Oddfellows of Dawson were organized in the early days of the mp. and have one of the heaviest enrollments of any order in the ukon. They purchased their own home two years ago, an nd have con— verted it into a most enjoyable place for lodge and social gatherings. c m x 62 DAWSON DAiLY NEW$S. Oldest Klondike Placer Creeks By DR. G. M. FAULKNER, of Dawson, Experienced Heavy Klondike Operator. that which has seen most activity and extensive op— erations on the largest number £ claims is Bonanza. — After it comes several other important streams on the Klondike river side of the camp, and chief among them are Hunker and El— i e O F all the creeks of the Klondike placer camp, dorado and their tributaries. Th creek claims and so of the more choice bench properties of these 0 concern, in whic is chiefly interested. : of electrically driven several hydraulic lifts or ele— vators, and a number _ 0 l}ydraulic plants, _ all in operation, with elab— orate accessories in the way of 30 ditch, hydro—electrical power plants and the like, representing an investment of ten to twenty million This concern plans, in short, m all these old streams with dredges and hydraulic elevators, and then to cut off the l'lll.lS with hydraulic process. ‘The work in fact is under wa Hundreds — of claims on these various streams are held by individuals, but it seems they eventually will go into the hands of the present big concern or other similar concerns seeking placer in— vestment on a large scale. _ For this reason the prospector in virgin, ground is devoting his attention chiefly to other localities in the Since miles of Dawson, very little of the total area of Yukon ‘Territory is cov— ered by big mining concerns‘. hold— ings. gOver the divide from the Klondike side, is the Indian _ river _division, where Dominion creek, Gold Run, Sul— phur and Quartz are the main produc— ing streams. Hundreds of miners are operating on those streams in the im— proved individual methods, and are getting out large dumps each year. A number of the large dredge and hydraulic companies of California have . been looking into the field, but as yet none have entered the field to operate. It would not be surprising if within positions. gold bearing streams left open . to A short review of these especially as to their discovery and opening, and a word about the work on each will here be of interest. . BONANZA CREEK.. HE first in the order of its discov— is Bonanza Creek. In S Jim and Tagish Charley, Indians, and their white brother—in—law, eorge Carmack, made the joint discovery of gether the trio returned to the spot and staked off four claims, discovery, No. 1 below, and 1 an above, and Carmack thence proceeded to Forty— mile, bearing the news of the discov— ery, and recording the claims located by them e rush of prospectors from Forty—mile followed soon after and from discovery point pushed their investigations over intervening hills to other valleys and creeks, widening the circle and extending the field of their activities until the region em— braced in the Klondike Gold Fields covers the largest continuous area of known placer ground in the world. he operations on Bonanza were not extensive in 1897, but in 1898 they egan to assume proportions, and a year later were yielding millions. ‘The benches and gulches, including Chee— chaco Hill, Gold Hill, Adams Hill and others quickly came into prominence, and also were great producers. Dr. Geo. M. Faulkner. —Photo by Duclos. present but a few operators are on these streams or hills, but the one big company has 5000 inches of water from ‘Twelvemile river, which is be— ing brought in at a cost of many millions, as has been intimated. ELDORADO CREEK. URPRISINGLY rich Eldorado i of Bo reek, a tributary nanza, enters at o. b Discovery The phantom Eldorado in Centra South America could not have been imagined to be richer than this verit— able —"channel of gold." its length for nearly four miles there is not a single blank, and most of the claims are fabulously rich. ‘This creek, the most productive of all the Klondike region, was discover— ed in 1896, shortly after the discovery gold on Bonanza. Ly popular story those who got claims on El— dorado were ignorant Cheechacos, who knew nothing of mining, and the discovery of gold was the result of ac— cident. ‘This is not according to the strict letter of history as told by Frank Phiscator. In company with Antone Stander, Frank Keller, James Clements and one Whipple, Mr. Phiscator was looking for a location on Bonanza creek, having come up from Fortymile on that account. The party had passed Eldorado and had located the claims Nos. 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 above on Bonanza. On th way up the creek Phiscator had gone a little way up Eldorado and panned along the creek bed. He had obtain— ed encouraging results, but the party, lured tales of richness on Bonanza, had passed by. However, as they came down from their Bon— anza claims, Phiscator prevailed on them to stop and have a try on El— dorado. Phiscator put a hole down on what is now the line between Nos. 0 2 The result here encouraged him to <believe that Eldorado was a rich creek, an belieyed himself on Bonanza as well as Eldorado, put his stakes on the same ground Phis— cator had staked, and hence there ossession of viously staked on Bonanza, was not entitled to a claim on the new creek, which Cobb in his application called Eldorado. _ ‘The name Co chose was finally given to the creek, but Cobb was deprived of a claim and Phiscator was awarded No. 2 Eldor— ado instead of a discovery on Whip— ple creek, which at that time perhaps seemed a fair division of the honors, if not of the spoils. Strange as it may seem, Eldorado creek, though now known to have been by far the richest creek in the country, was at first frowned upon as "only fit for Cheechacos." When all the available ground on per and ower Bonanza had been located, miners reluctantly drove their stakes on E'ldorado .ground, cursing — their luck in not being in time to get pro— perty on Bonanza. It was on No. 8 that bedrock was first struck on El— dorado and pans of unprecedented richness were taken out. From that time on all along the creek miners A View of Lower Hunker. seemed to be vying with one another as to who should locate pay first. HUNKER CREEK. HUNKER creek is the second in importance — and discovery in Dawson division, and until the ad— yent of Gold Commissioner Fawcett in the spring of 1897 was known officially as the Hunker district. It is not usually heralded . with. the pomp and ‘consequence of Bonanza and its tributaries, yet it deserves a first place in the catalogue of gold producers. It may not have the rich— ness of Eldorado in its creek, and Gold Hill may out—rival the benches i in its immensely rich mile beyond Klondike flat, a total distance of six— teen miles, this creek carries pay ground, some of it being exceedingly rich. Gold Bottom, Last Chance and numerous other tributaries are rich contributors. Benches and hillsides on both limits of Hunker creek, and limit of its tributaries, very extensive. Hunker creek from its head, at the ome, to its confluence with the Klondike is about eighteen miles in length, and is very narrow, wit«. the exception of a few places, until 44 be— low is reached, where it widens con— siderably, there being places between 44 and 76 where it is 500 yards across it becomes very narrow and from there t of the creek it gradually spreads out, and at times is fully half a mile from base to base. Andrew Hunker, the discoverer of Hunker creek, located discovery and 1 above on September 6, 1896. Hunker arrived from Fortymile on his way to the Bonanza stampede on August 21, and spent about ten days on the creek looking for "something good," whic e was unable to find, and concluded to go to Gold Bottom see Henderson, but passed that creek, thinking it nothing but a pup. e reached what is now unker creek by the way of Carmack‘s Forks and Last Chance, and spent four days prospecting the creek. He arrived at what is now discovery on September 5, and finding a place where bedrock was exposed began panning and in two hours had panned $22.75. ‘This was a little better than the "something good" Andy had been looking for, and the next day he staked. 4 f He worked the property on a small scale until May 1897 when he sold to ‘Tom Kirkpatrick for $165,000. Hunker. now enjoys "something good" outside. . In the summer of 1897 but little ba ol work was done on account of the most utter impossibility of provisions and tools to the creel alive with boom in N for boom pric GOLD RUN CREEK, HE I.El.dorado of the Indian river division, or Gold Run, has al— ways bcen a favorite with the mining public. ‘The doubts and uncertainties a that have always been so freely ex— pressed concerning other creeks be— yond the Dome have never been ap- plied to this stream which has ev enJoyed a large share of. the general confide is often, and justly, called the Eldorado of the Indian river division; and in many of its physical features, as well as in its remarkable yield of gold in a limited length, it re— sembles the Pactolus of the Klondike. In length, Gold Run traverses about twelve miles from its source to its confluence with Dominion at 227 be— low lower discover It does not rise in the Dome as nearly all the paying creeks do, but has its source in a hig spur that Juts out from Dome a considerable distance and forms one of the flanking ridges that break away toward Indian river,. Both Sulphur and Dominion rise close together in the Dome, but as they radiate from it like spokes from the hub of an im— mense wheel they leave an increasing margin o e between authorities held that it was simply a tributary of Dominion. In consequence this decision the mbers mence at its mouth and advance by— numerical _ progression toward its head. ‘The first trail up the creek was niade by D. Ennis. Billy Moss and K. Ennis, who first pitched camp the mouth _ of Run, l"ebi-uai-_v 9, 1898. They prospected and afterward staked 108, 109 and 110, where gold was found. but not "pay." laims were staked up to SULPHUR CREEK. ULPHUR creek, in the rather forcible language of a miner who was discussing the sub_iect "has been damned with t has well nigh been forsaken by the de_iected owners. The l‘he'J ~Davlor Ue Los ) i s Looking Up the Klondike truth lies between these two extremes of feeling Parts of Sulphur are good and pay a fair return for effort ex— pended, while other parts are of so low a grade at every attempt to work them has resulted in financial loss Tliere are diFficulties in the way of mining on Sulph It is wide and the paystreak irregular while the depth to bedrock makes operations there rather costly. The sha]lowest part of creek is twenty—five feet, while many of the claims are worke d to a depth of sixty feet. ‘The general aver— age is about forty feet — along that part of the stream where work is be— n ; %everal of the claims on Sulphur seem to confirm the truth of the ol saying that it costs a dollar to take a dollar out, though under a more eco— nomical system of operatmg the cost need not have been so great. In the excitement over the creek that existed two ycars ago owners went to vast expense to procure machinery, and in one instance a $75,000 plant was in— stalled, equipped for —sluicing in the winter time. — That claim, No. 36 DAWSON DAILY NEWS. above, was a good one, but it took about all the gold the ground yielded to pay for the plant a d maintain current operating expen No. 1 below was another illustration of the same truth, being handicapped from the start with a costly plant that was frequently in need of repair and that caused numerous dela at a time wlli(en gravel should have been rapidly ta Sulphur is only very rich in spots. Its paystreak is wide and the general average fairly remunerative, but streams like this economy of manage— ment is the first essential to success. wners are realizing the force of this fact, and as a result the creek yielded a better profit last summer than ever before. A better understanding of the peculiar conditions prevailing there and the application of more iniproved methods, has restored confidence in its value, and in the years to come Sulphur can be depended on for a regular and profitable yield of gold. Rising in the Dome, Sulphur creek flows south a distance _ of eighteen miles to its confluence with Indian river, its bedrock formation being a mica—schist, intersected with porphy— ritic dykes. In its course it receives several important tributaries, the best nown being Green, w and Brimstone. These tributaries are all staked, but with the exception _ of Green prospecting has been barren of results. here is some pay at the mouth of Meadow cree QUARTZ CREEK. UARTZ creek was the first mined creek in what is now known as the Klondike camp. A year covery on Bonanza creek "Bill ford, who had been prospecting along from Dawson. Indian river, ascended one of ts tributaries and discovered gold in pay— ing quantities about eight miles from its mouth. e named the creek Quartz creek and the discovery has ever since been designated as Rad— fo d’s discovery. ‘The pay was of low and so, when Carmack made his fabiilously rich find and the riches of Eldorado were being revealed, Quartz creek was deserted. Radford was ac— companied by Bob Henderson. . n , however, dis— covered gold on Quartz at the mouth of the pup which now bears his name. ‘This discovery is five miles above the mouth of Quartz and three miles be— low Radford‘s GOLD HILL. REASURE laden Gold Hill is the "Hub of the Klondike." ‘This mountain of gold, this desider— atum of precious metal—situated in the geographical center of these great placer gold fields—lay for years, un— disturbed, unnoticed. Gold Hill is at the junction of Upper Bonanza, El— dorado and Lower Bonanza, and from its golden crest one looks down upon the mining town, Grand Forks. For nearly two years after the discove ry of gold by Carmack, during time active mining oper ations carried on all along Bonanza and El— dorado, the treasures of Gold Hill were unknown. Although discovery made near the base of Hill, no one dreamed that gold would be found three or four hundred feet above on the apparently barren hill that mmrowned down upon them However, there is always some one more venturesome than others, who is willing to suffer the scoff and ridicule of the masses in order to test some pet theory of his own. is case a _ Cheechaco (tenderfoot), _ either through sublime ignorance or by in— spiration, commenced to prospect for gold on this hill. Even his own part— tes "joshed" and ridiculed liiin for his supposed folly to such an extent that he could get no one to assist him, and was obliged to prospect 1lone He commenced sink— ing a "prospect hole" near the rim of the hill, on the Big Skookum side. o do this work alone it was neces— sary for him to build fires to thaw the frozen ground. When a fire had burned out he wou o down into the hole, fill a bucket with the thawed out dirt b a ladder to the top and then windlass the bucket of dirt to the surface. slow process he finally attained a depth of sixty— three feet, and struck the rich pay which has since given Gold Hill its name. one ever realize more keenly than he did‘at that time that “He laughs best who laughs Naturally, a wild stampede follow— Claims were located far and Wid e, and soon the whole hill was i hundreds. peopled with burrowing Some were successful, otliers not; but the result of it all was the uncover— property tha made After taking out $10,000, the claim was sold for $40,000 to the Alliance company, of Philadelphia. FRENCH HILL. IRST among the discoveries on bench and hillside ground was that made on French Hill by an in— familiarly known as The discovery was made in March, 1898, and it demon— strated the fact that all the gold in the Klondike was not in the cree claims, but tli'tt thousands upon thou— sands o nt—up treasurc lay within the rock— ribl)cd hi French Hill, opposite h 16 Tl(lorarlo on the left limit, has prm en to be a fabulously rich find. ‘The eight claims around discovery have probably not been ex— celled in output of gold.. While this gold is of a low assay noted for its coarseness. tiful nuggets have been taken out of this hill than from half the Klondike beside. BEAR CREEK. T a distance of about seven miles from the Yukon Bear creek en— ters the Klondike from the left limit. Bear creek was discovered on Sep— teml)er 17 1896, by Solomon Mau— berg. 1896, when Mr. Mauberg, in coinp'iny with William — Corley _ and Frank Johnson poled up from Forty- mile, they Bonanza — staked from end to end and concluded to try for a new creek. hey arrived on September 16 on what they called Bear creek on ac— count of the constant appearance of bruin. r prospecting on several placeg they fin'illy found, on what was discovery, a fifteen—cent nans went as liigh as $1.25. Mr. Mauberg staked discovery, William Cooley 1. below, and Mr. Johnson 2 below Bear creek is about eight miles in length and as it runs in a northerly dircction erosion has not been exte ensive, and the creek in consequence is a veritable canyon DOMINION CREEK. ROAD and bounteous Dominion eek. No stream in the coun— try has the demonstrated length of paystreak that is possessed by Domin— ion creek. Commencing almost at the extreme head, in the flanking spurs of the Dome, the pay follows the tor— tuous windings of the creek for a 63 known distance of thirty— five miles, and the show best acquainted with the creek it ap— proximates feet, sometimes fol— owing one limit of the creek and sometimes the oth n very few places can the pay of Dominion be called exceptionally rich when compared with such streams as Eldorado, but it is uniform enough and great enough to yield a handsome pro— fit on the work done and the vast ex— tent of pay possessed assures a stead and continuous supply the precious metal. n the three years that it has been worked, Dominion has annually produced from $2,500,000 to $4,000,000. The new discoveries along the lower reaches of the creek near the mouth old Run will likely augment the output conSiderably in another sea— son, as they are attracting the atten— tion of miners from all parts of the district. There are two discoveries on minion creek due to the fact that the two stakers both claimed priority in the discovery of gold and priority in staking. ese discoveries are the size of ordinary creek claims, are five lel & niiles apar d are deSign'ited as Upper Discovery and "Lower Dis— covery. Albert Fortier (Hootch Albert) was the first man to find gold on Domin— _ During the fall of 1896 after Carmack had discovered gold on Bon— anza Hootch Albert prospected on lower discovery and on rimroc ecording was done for the reason that Albert and his party intended to sink to bedrock the next spring. ‘The other members of his party were Camille Corbeil, Frank Pijon and Max Landreville. At approximately the same time an— otlier party composed of Tim Con— Mr. Dnieper, Louis Corkey and 'l few others caused a stampede to the ground around upper discovery, but Hootch Albert‘s party rushed to lower discovery to stake. No double claims were allowed. but discovery was re— corded for both parties. e first winter work was done on No. 2 below lower, where the owners had out by far he largest dump on the creek. ander, of No. 31 below upper, was a]so among the first to do extensive winter work. _ Pans were found which showcd $5 and $10, cansli(nrr great excitement on the entire GOLD BOTTOM CREEK. G OLD BOTTOM is a tributary of Hunker creek, coming in on the right — limit at 29 below — Discovery. Originally Gold Bottom extended to the Klondike, but Hunker‘s name ap— plying to his discovery immediately changed the name of the lower creek. How little we hear of this creek! it must be indelibly impressed u upon us that it was here the first work in the Troandike was done. _ Had it not been for Henderson working on Gold Bottom and finding pay enough (and being l\ind enough) to send word to his George the chances been here now to enjoy the blessings which tlie district has poured upon yet, in spite of the result of the labors of Henderson and Carmack, not e\en a street is named in their hono “Bob" Henderson was working this ground in 1896, having previously been on Quartz creek. He found pay and sent word to Carmack, who was at a point near the present site lo dike Citv familiarly known as “Louse Town." When Carmack made his dis— covery on Bonanza he sent no word to Henderson, and as the latter had no l,:nowl the new — strike, he continiied worl\ on Gold Bottom until oo late to stake anything good in the new diggin hough Henderson had worked this ground, yet he did not record it. It was none other than Alexander Mc— Donald who staked and recorded the claim. Gold Bottom is about eight miles in length, and the erosion is much more 7 t ttom. Tills, Hubbard and many new creeks gince have come to the front. DAWSON DAILY NE W S. Beneficent Government Some Good B Vice—President of Dawson News Publishing Co. Works Done for Yukon‘s Benefit y. OTIO.F. KASTNER NOTHING can more. retard a country in its struggle to reach its maximum development than bad government, and nothing more hasten destiny of wealth or greatness of a naturally richly endowed country than © government. Yukon fortunately is favored with good governmen 3 e ime when, in the hurry and organization of order out of chaos in a camp 2,000 miles from 1 Otto ~F.) Kartner. : ——Photo. by Duclos. the seat of government, the most re— mote outpost of the empire, that there may have been some ground for temporary complaint, but _ without doubt the heads of government in the responsible positions at the national capitol were for the good of country, and as rapidly as system could be evolved and the avenues of communication with _ the nation‘s nerve center _ opened, _ everything quickly got into good running order. Not only has Yukon been provided with protection to life and property, but —a splendid system of roads, ¢ost— ing between one and two millions of dollars, have been ~built in various S ol parts of the territory, an accomplish— ment which stands without parallel in any sub—Arctic country. . Britain well can be proud of this, and. to know that Alaska with all its promise even has been distanced in this res— pect by the Canadians. he police service maintained in Yukon the _ Royal Northwest Mounted Police alone has been a feature, making life and property safer than in any frontier or mining region ever before in the history of the world. Murder an robbery scarcely have been known, a marked contrast to western camps of this continent with their hundreds of mur— ders and endless lawlessness. In respect to public works, the gov— ernment has been most generous, ex— pending millions, and making most elaborate provision for careful hand— ling of the people‘s business. ew facts will assist to appreciate this work. The public buildings of Dawson are the finest buildings, taken as a class, in the north. ‘They include the Ad— ministration virtually _ the pitol building of Yukon, where the commissioner, _ or governor, and others of his department, and var— jous branches of the—government are situated, erected at a cost of $100,— :000._ It covers 9.000 sanare— feet, and was erected in 1901. Eighty officials can find accommodation there. ‘The postoffice building, a fine two— story structure, cost $50,000, and is heated. with hot water. > ‘The court house is about the same size as the postoffice, and of about the same cost, and is eaually well furnished and heate The school— house, of two stories and eight rooms, accommodates 200 or more children, and cost $40,000. It is heated with t air. ‘The Government House, or executive mansion, cost $45,000 orig— inally. Improvements and furnishings have run the cost near to $100,000, and it is one of the fimest buildings in the orth. It is palatial in appearance, and handsomely furnished. awson is served with telegraphic communication connecting it with all parts of the world. ‘The Dominion ; 3 1 a line from Bennett to Dawson in the summer S and fall of 1899, and the next year extended it northward to the Alaskan boundary. _ Work also _ was m— menced that year at Quesnelle and Hazelton on a through line from the Canadian Pacific Railway to connect with the Dawson—line. This meant operation through a . wilderness i ut in Sentem— ber of 1901 the The Canadian line now extends from the boundary north of Dawson south to Vancouver, serving Whitehorse, Atlin, Port Simpson and _ a points, a total of 2,000 miles. _ ‘The ocean cables, thus affording more than one outlet to the outer world., more big public enterprise is that of blazing an all—Canadian trail from the Northwest to ukon,_ via the preserk telegraph route. This is nearly done, may mean,much to the Yukon‘s future safety. ‘This is an instance of government foresight. ‘B financial _ statements not been required to but that Ottawa has contributed con— siderable more: than collected ‘ from Yukon in taxes. Other parts—of Can— Winter View of Government House, Dawson. C line was constructed at great risk and expense, and is one of the boasts of It is owned and operated by the Dominion of Canada. Splendid service is given, and as for the Daw— s id, Manager William . Brown— low and his efficient staff always are most courteous, painstaking and ef— ficient. Dawson also has connection witlt wire with Nome, Valdez, Skag— way and the U. s. army land and ada can haveno complaint on this score when it is recalled that an— nually Yukon buys supplies from all parts of Canada to the value of mil— lions of dollars. All parts of Canada can help, and, with good reason, to develop the Yukon, and the market that goes with it, and all parts well can appreciate the government which has done so much already to develop this region. Yukon‘s AN APPRECIATION OF THE NORTHLAND. By GREER I. C. BARTON, «_ President of Dawson News Publishing Co. T is under auspicious cireumstances that Yukon faces the future to— world. To—day. she stands at — the threshold w era, a country enchanting to all classes the world over, and one which has added a charm by attracting the investment as well as the prospecting and individ— ual onerating It has been learned that the extra— rdinary area of placer fields of low be operated nrofitably with modern equipment, and capital, after taking an steps for investigation, is embracing the opportunity. Not only this, but quartz also is lifting a glow of prom— ise over the horizon, and in many parts of erritory the promise is exceptionally flattering. Quartz is bei m~aloited this year more than the business and developing world. ‘The most significant fact perhaps, and one most emphatically convincing of the stability of the Klondike is that the country has the great natural resources and is ac— quiring all the advantages enjoyed by _minds that this community, so Bright Future those who reside in the outside world. _ Railways, steamship ‘ and steamboat lines have been established giving access to the interior and more of these will come in time. A metrop— olis has sprung up in the very heart of the countrty which throbs and beats with all the activity of a cosmopoli— tan city of many times its size in old— er quarters of the globe. he thou— sands who have been attracted to Dawson, the center of life, have pro— gaged in business pursuits with all the equinment and stock that the most progressive minds and most aggres— sive men of this ultra—progressive age have been able to contrive and sup— to s demand _ the product of their genius and skill. he great wealth which lay hidden in the pockets of nature in the Klon— dike has supplied the wherewithal for the Klondike to advance to this ex— traordinary and most enviable posi— tion in so short a time. ‘The camp is the richest the world has ever known, and no marvel is it to thoughtful re— mote, and in the shadow of the Arc— tic circle, almost in the polar reg— ion, has been able to push to the front. Riches in the hands of the men who have grasped the situation and forced the issue, despite arbitrary con— ditions of isolation and rigorous win— ters have brought about this consum— ke} ma mation now so gratifying to record. n the horizon the glow of hope is bright as ever; the present revels in the glory of the endless harvesting of the zolden wealth, and all those who lands, that they also may live and en— joy some of the resultant blessings. The population has changed much as to social lines. ‘The rough and vicious tendency of the earlier days has been overcome by the secthing infusion of permanent — and more lasting men of enterprise; men in substitution for the reckless ones who drifted elsewhere with the flower of those who seek the new sensations. Homes have been established, and in place of the stuffy cabin and it attendant evils miners have their families, and in many instances hand— some modern homes have been built. ‘They live on the best the world can produce from its four quarters and they have the money to pay for all they.consume; they are living, not existing. Schools are here in plenty, new institutions of learning, and ap— pliances of civilization for mental, spiritual and physical development, and superior methods of government have been evolved from the experi— ences of the past and are growing in perfection as time proceeds. Mechanical genius has been in— voked and millions of dollars worth of—devices for extracting gold from w the frozen grasp of nature have been brought into the. country, the frosted lands are honeycombed _ as never before wherever_ auriferous gravels remain that the wealth from them may be secured. — All this and more, which is legion has been brought about and _ the Klondike raised .to a position which commands respect as a stable centre with the marvelous credit of no ap-’ parent diminuti in producti and the promise of—its continuation for de,c‘adcs, if not generations. The prospects for finding manent bodies of quartz and the un— covering ther natural resources of wealth that will support here in ritain‘s most northerly possession a perpetual and populous pole star pro— vince, the permanency of which shall ever be monumental evidence to the perseverance of the h who first braved the prevailing superstition land..and who placed the :ic(J firm footing on whi o—day, a credit to th ts marvelyof the Worl(f e e 1e Yukon extends its ar i world. ‘The opportunities ar?soltice;nt}fg 1 who are energetic. ew years chest pro— .« ‘Those per— 5. regretted secing others west the i decade ago considered iworthless. pamsimsiue LEA ATNEAEIETET e t en on c S oo ts snn i ie Dss f f | f ,l l DAWSON DAILY NE W S. CHURCHES OF THE YUKON UKON is well supplied with churches, and it can be said that the church has indeed preceded the greater rush of empire—builders into the country. ‘The churches in Daw— son— include the Presbyterian, the Catholic, the Methodist and the Eng— lish. — All have splendid buildings, some with seating capacity of 500 to 800, and with modern improve— ments, elec— including pipe organs, Bishop Bompas. tric lights and fine heating apparatus. Whitehorse, Fortymile, Selkirk, Conrad, Carcross and the several lead. ing creeks near Dawson are supplied with church buildings of — moderate size, at which the people of the lo— calities centre weekly in worship re- quently the creek churches affo a meeting place for celebrations, socmls and the like, and the places arei eed appreciated by the populac e first church mission of which there is any record in Yukon is that Archdeacon R. McDonald. established in 1862 at Fort Yul\on by Rev. Rob McDonald, now Arch— bishop McDonald, who was sent out under the Church Missionary Sometv of the Church of England. The before that Rev. William West Kirby had visited Fort Yukon, cor ning \il(’l i the travelling across the then great waste of prairie land in a wagon drawn by an ox team from St. Pau Minn thence down the \[’lcl(ellﬂe and over the Rocky l\[ouiitains He was two seasons making the trip. For 4 years Rev. McDonald and Rev, Bom— pas worked together in the. Yukon. During that time Rev. MeDonald per— formed the remarkable work of trans— the prayer nd several other volumes into the Takudh language, that of the Indians living within 2 p{ortions of the Yukon valley The Wllliam H _]'ud rom down He worked nobly the first season when the fever had stricken t amp, and died hero— ically laboring for suffering humanity in Dawson. His successor, Father Gendreau, opened the first school in Dawson, now known as St. Mary‘s C'atholi'c school. Soon after a hos— pital was opened in Dawson by the miles of Dawson. Rev. McDonald, as early as 1863, discovered | gold Birch creek, in the Circle district, and sent it to England. In 1892 Arch deacon Canham established a mission at Fort Selkirk. A number of Church of England missionaries were engaged on the Alaskan side before the gold strike at Dawson. hen the strike was made,— Bishop Bompas was liv— ing at Fortymile. R. J. Bowen and T F. Flewelling represented he church at Fortymile for a short time, St. Paul‘s Church, Dawson. C'itliolics, and known as St. Mary‘s. It is one of the finest in the north, and is in charge of Sister Maty Zeno, who has a large corps of assistants. he Catholic church magnificent home in wson, Witli a chapel in connection with S ry‘s hospital, e in connection with St. \I'irys school. A _ numbe of tholic churches also are maiii'ained on [ll(‘ tr Da strict. DaWson Methodist Church was and Mr. Flewelling opened the first church at Dawson the winter of 1896— Since then several incumbents liave presided in Dawson, and to—day Rev. I, O. Str inger is Bishop of the Yukon diocese, and Rev. J. M. Comyn— Ching is the rector in cli'irgc at Daw— so St. P'iul s Cathedral in Dawson, occupied by v. Comyn—Ching, and the headquarters of the diocese Yukon, is one of the handsomest chnrches of the north. The Gatholics long have occupied First St. Paul‘s Church, Dawson. established in 1898 by Rev. Tames b under the British Columbia urner, conference. He was succeeded by > v ev. . H. Batra William Hughes; A Seymour; an . W. ..., o) o ol a 4 e lz a present incum— bent, Th chiirc is in a flourishing condition nd has a fine home of its own and large parsonage, entirely paid for by congregation. ll](, Presbyterian Church of Daw— son was founded in the early days of the city by Rev. A. S. Grant, who re— mained here until two year ago when he was succeeded for one year by Rev. John Pringle, D.D. Last year—Rev. Pringle was succeeded by ev. Dr. G. Sinclair. ‘The church is one of the largest and most mod— ern church _buildings in the north, and has the most clegaiit organ this ide of Vancouver. lar & _ and flouurishing congregation has ee built up here, and the church has as— Father Judge. sociated with it and under direction of Presbyterians as a separate body, the. Good, Samaritan llospital one of the most valuable institutions of the city. F. 0 ol« s — tendent, and Miss Isabel Moody is matron. ‘The Presbyterian churches on the creel\s are supplied by Rev George Pri The Sal Vll.]Oll Army in Dawson has done a valuable work here since it was established in 1898 by Ensign McGill and Lieutenant Bloss and associates, Bishop Stringer. comprising six men and two women. For a long time a free labor bureau, shelter, and a wood yard were con— ducted aside from services and other work. e army has done splendid work here for years, and now has a fine home in the heart of the city, With a thriVing corps ien,inls Waller "Wee" Georgic Johnson, the inidget drummer boy 66 DAWSON DAILY NEW S POWER IN YUKON Ey wW. J. RENDELTL CGivil and Mining Engineer ~HE question is asked repeatedly, 1 "Can inexpensive electric power be generated in the Yukon for mining and other purposes, and if so, what effect will it have on min there can be no q the many large rivers and their nu— merous v ous tributaries throughout this territory afford immense sour of low cost power for mining or other industrial oses. As an instance, let the larger streams tributary to the Yukon near 00 miles each way up and down the main artery be cited as to volume, and it will be seen that the flow of each is as follows: Klondike= river, 3 miners inches at high water; ©75,000 inches at _ low w Fo tymile river. 250, 000 inches at 3 high water; 50,000 at low water. ifteenmile river, mean flow, 12 000 Twelvemile river, mean flow, 10,000 inches. Indian river, mean flow, 4000 inches. Stewart river, mean flow, 1,000,000 inches. ‘The grades of the larger streams, such as the Stewart, the Klondike and the Fortymile, are very low, and the power could be generated only under w heads, which would be very costly These larger rivers are fed ‘by many tributaries throwing from 100 to 20,000 miners‘ inches of water, 'varying in grade from 50 to 100 feet to the mile. The ground formation in most cases is suitable for ditching. m the larger Klondike <river ributaries there can be generated under heads from 200 to 500 _ feet, vertical, 30,000 horse—power, and the can be transmitted to the principal mining Hunker, creeks, miles, over a country where erection .of poles is a simple and easy matter. Fortymile the Stewart and rivers and their tributaries are many feasible points for generation _ of power for all enterprises in this dis— trict at very reasona The coal deposits being located and worked in the Yukon should not be overlooked_ in the matter of supply— ing inexpensive power. If adequate power plants are installed at any of the coal mines I believe that electric power could be generated and trans— mitted to the various mining centers at a very low cost, and, considering climatic conditions, would have many advantages over water power. If electric power c could be gen— erated, transmitted and sold at a rea— sonable figure, it would give a great impetu mini generally. Drcdges could. be installed and op— erated at greatly reduced expense: electric elevators /\VOLll(l be working and water for hydraulicking ground that cannot be upplied with water in economical way. nion is that electricity is to be the saVior of the country, as it is to be. in many other camps. For the generation of electric power Yukon possesses unequalled ad— vantages in regard to her extensive coal measures, where the power—can be generated at the pit‘s mouth, or b>y water power from her_ numerous ctreams of sufficient grade. 8 any . other UKON HUNDREDS of miles of wagon roads as fine as to be found in any country have been built along the gold creeks near Dawson, and many others in other parts of the ter— ritory ‘ine construction of a system . of The first road in the territory was built in 1899, along the top of the ridge between Bonanza and Hunker Creek, this road being subsequently extended to Gold Run. The same year branches were constructed from this road to Bonanza, Gol ottom and Caribou. In 1901 a pack trail was built from Dawson to Glacier creek. and in the following year thi as im— ler and Glacier district continued with increased activity, and in war— ranted the expenditure of a sufficient road. onnosite ‘side of t Dawson, but a cable ferr— and scow, which were purchased by the local government, convey horses, machin— ery and supplies, etc., across the river. n summer all the freight and pas— senger traffic from Dawson to Miller trail from Dawson to Miller is by way of the Yukon river to Forty—mile, up Forty—mile to Brown creek, up Brown creek to.its head, then over the summit to Gold and Glacier, a distance of 110 In winter the trail ‘from Duncan to the Stewart river being navigable to Fraser § ‘The following statement shows the the present day. . . Duncan—Present rate number of miles of sleigh and wagon roads constructed since ‘899, namely:; WAGON ROADS 1899 1900 _‘ 1901 1902 45.00 32.00 ©63.36 _ 85.81 1903 1904 1905 Total 26.00 141.00 37.00 — 430.17 SLEIGH ROADS. 160.00 10.00 80.25 372 00 0 00 668.25 The cost of the construction — of Destination. Cartbow .l ylllo ul se e onl s aey. old Runte. 30. ts Hosis oulaue at GlaCier from Dawson pounds; from Mayo to Duncan by In order to illustrate the saving to the mining operator by the system of roads which have been constructed in the Klondike district alone, the fol— lowing is a statement of the total wagon roads runs from $1,500 t $3,300 per mile, and sleigh or winter trails from $25 0 to $350 per mi —‘The following comparative. state— ment of freight rates between Daw— son and the principal mining districts during the summer. months. will show the enormous advantage derived by the miners from the construction of the system of roads throughout the ‘Territory:— Distanc from Rate per 100 Pounds Dawso 1899 —| 1903 / Miles $ cts. $ cts. ...... 12 7 00 1 00 20 8 00 1 50 33 12 50 2 00 35 12 50 2 00 55 18 00 3 00 ...... n sys 20 00 6 00 to by ste"imer, $2 per 100 Mayo trail, $6 per 100 pound Shooting Whitehorse Rapids by Moonlight. tonnage of freight, including . sup— plies and mining machinery, delivered by freighters on the principal creeks in the district during the year 1903, as compared with what the cost would have been in 1899, namel e i Ti sss . 1903. o y District. Tons _ Rate. Amount.. Rate. —Amount o sonanza 4,500 140 630,000 20 90,000 OI;(;B?!(;O'“ Hunker ..0l........... 3,750 160 _ 600,000 _ 30 1125300 487,'588 Dominfon .i..., 2. . .. 3,000 250 _ 750,000 120,000 630,000 old Runsks..:...0," 1 2,250 360 _ 810,000 60 135,000 5,000 Suiphur) seru s r2e 9nn ul, 1,500 250 5,000 40 60,000 315,000 1$,000 ..;.. 2.163,000 ..>.... 517,500 _ 2,647,500 The foregoing table show the crease the aggregate to at least 20,— freight delivered only to the: princ:ipal producing creeks. is estimated that the freight d(.llVCl‘e(l on the smal— producing creeks would amount to 5,000 tons, which would thus in— 000 t 'I‘he 'ibove statistics respecting the construction of roads, etc., were com— piled by the Inspector of Works and Buildings for the Yukon Territory, In the early days the only route to | and from Dawson during the winter season was the frozen surface of the ¥ukon river.. For about one month while the‘ ice was forming on the river, "and for a srmilar period in the spring while:the ice was breaking up, there was no: communication between D’IWSOn and the outside. It was dan— gerous and almost impossible to travel any distance on the shore ice. No mail could be carried either way for about two months each year. —In the summer of 1902 the govern— ment built a winter trail between Dawson and Whitehorse a distance of 333 miles at a cost of $129,000, and since that time about $50000 have bcen expended in maint'uniiig and re— pairing this road. uring the winter season and since the construction of the new trail, a tri—weekly stage ser— vice is given be twcen \\7liitehorse and Dawson. tion until sufficent snow h make good sleighing uses Concord coachcs carry twelve p’lSSCIlgel‘S each. the crossings are frozen over sengers and baggage are taken across the rivers in (,aHOQS which are handled by expert boatme As _ soon there is sufficient snow for slcighin sleighs are substituted for 3 as fallen to coaches. Each sleigh is drawn by four horses, and has accommodation for / from ~ nine to fourtecn passengers, —1,000 A pounds of p readiness at each station route. From about the first the passenger traffic t becomes ve ery heavy, and from t1 «tllate until about the seventh of /\(\]lz‘l]l Stieie is an almost daily service of along the of March 0 the interior From the close of naviga— mming a a ie sult is the prolonged D A w s 60 N DAILY N E W 8. 67 l Glorious Climate of the Yuken By HORACE McKAY, Dommion Weather Observer t Dawson. Land Blessed With Verdant Springs, Evergreen Summers and Crisp, Dry, Invigorating Winters—Much Misunderstood Phase of Yukon Explained MAGINE a region blessed with spring, with the happy conditions of a cherry—blossom season from April until the last days of summer blend into the beautiful Indian summer, and Here is the ver— rerican continent. The fact that the sun shines 24 hours or close to it much of the season, and that the twilights are lon ex— quiSite affords an infinite quantity of daylight, and the Northern location of the region on the earth means that the sun‘s rays fall aslant and are so modified that no scorching extreme of summer heat is known. e re— season for growth and t of a green period much of the year. In the winter, instead of the moist and — humid temperature, instead of blizzards or storms that rack the earth, the Yukon temperature holds steady below the freezing point, and the coast mountains act as barriers agaiiist the Pacific and insure dry— ne A temperature of from 15 to 25 be— low zero, wit w hours of sun— light, may be characterized as a type f the ideal Yukon winter weather The snow is ‘fine and powdery, the Stewart River. Fraser Falls, air is dry and crisp, and the sky is r. What may be termed the most win try period of the year is between the middle—of December and end of the first week in January. During this period the sun occasionally shines on the surrounding hills, unless there is sevcre cold, in which case the sun may not be seen for several weeks. By the middle of February, however, there are usually a few hours of sunlight. The trails leading from Dawson to the different creeks are comparative— ly level, and by the middle of Janu— ary are in splendid — condition for sleighing. Wrapped in furs and seated behind spanking teams, many of the citizens o wson avail them— selves of this exhilarating form of en— joyment. With the exception of Siberia there is perhaps no other country in the world in which the temperature fluc— tuates more than in the Yukon, w— ing to the dry atmosphere it is pos~ sible to endure the extreme tem peratures with less effect than in climate re moderate tem— peratures such as is found in other parts of Canada, where there is a great. quantity of humidity in the atmosphere. ‘The summers are beau— tiful, the air is invigorating and the weather, in ~eneral, cannot be sur— passed. ‘The average temperature for the last seven years is 52 above zero, being a maximum of 88 above zero . and a minimum of 8 above zero. Between May 15th and July 15th there is practically no darkness, and a newspaper can be read at midnight without the use of artificial light. The wi ut the cli— mate cannot be compared with that of Eastern Canada in that the conm— ditions at any time during the year can be depended upon to be the same as the previous year. he commences about the beginning of October, and lasts until April 15th each year, i mometer registered 69%4 degrees be— low zero, although the government registered 65.5 below zero. here are two periods during the year when transportation between Dawson and Whitehorse is difficult. These periods are: First, when the overland trail is breakmg up and the ice im the rivers is unsafe to travel; second, after the close of navigation an short time after the ice has formed in the rivers The following shows when the ice in the Y¥ukon in front of Dawson stopped to flow and when the ice broke at the same place during sever— al seasons: Freeze—up. 4 Break—up .May 19, 2.35 p.m. .. May 17, 4.30 p.m. Nov: 4 m!:.. .. May 8, 8.15 a.m. ct.i 28 .. May 17, 4.10 p.m Nov. 2 .2.. .: .. May 8, 6.00 a.m Nov. 12 .. May 14, 4.13.p.m Novi .8 4¢;.s> .. May 11, 8.45 p.m Nov. 10 .. May 13,11.38 a.m Nov: 8M ..... .May 7, 9.44 a.m. Nov. 10 .. May 10, 5.21 p.m o. 7 .. May 11, 1.45 a. m ay 5, 6.52 p.m .. May 7, 5.27 p.m .. May 11, 9.47 p.m As a rule, the first steamer reaches Dawson between the first and fifth of June; and the last steamer leaves Dawson between the fifteenth and twenty—third of October in each year. "GO NORTH" Number of the An Editorial by T. A. Rickard in the ]anuary ‘Mining and Scientific Press" ’ WHEN the world was startled by tions soon the output of gold from the North eleven years ago, and that out— put gave signs of dwindling, the ques— tion was. asked What is the out— look for mining in: the interior ngl’»ﬂ of the Yukon and Alaska? Mini asked : ‘ming the golden cream that can never be—remade, and will the mining opera— end, leaving nothing but the skimmed milk of low grade allu— vial deposits? ‘The answer is: While the geological dairy operates so slow— ‘ly that its products cannot be made of wholesome milk. Within the life, time of the sons of it has been at w mag— nificently in the past that even though therichest of the has been collected, there remains a vast amount The alluvial de— not. worked posits of the north are C the life out, nor will they be during of those now livin This is an important fact, if true. Discussing the future ui Alaska with an official who had good reason to take a friendly interest in the subject, the present writer was informed, last summer, that the placer —camps were necessarily ephemeral, and that the future of the country depended upon the. development of its copper and coal resources. ur informant had never been "inside," that is, across the coast range into the spacious region drained by the Y¥ukon, the ‘Tanana, the Innoko and the Kus— kok\vim he was one of those to whom Alaska meant the southeastern province, from Ketchikan to Seward; to him the vague and vast tracts be— yond the barrier of glaCier and peak were the scene of an exciting kind of nugget hunting such as could not it had no industrial future; it was but the arena wherein adven— turous spirits risked life and money in search for rich patches of gold bear— ing gravel that were soon garnered and never sown. . He was hopelessly wrong. , > To a traveler wishing to see a part of the world wholly unlike the beaten tracks, to be wit men ing fierce and cheerful fight with great tion of technology i natural obstacles, to live for a time with humankind on the farthemmost frontier of civilization, where man in the unit dwarfs man in the apgre— gatc, there is no more interesting journey ~than the tour from— San Francisco to Skagway, over the coast range, down the: miles — of the Yukon, up to Nome, and thence through the _ Aleutian —men of our profeSSion these northern mining regions must be in— tensely interesting, both from a scien— tific an M frozen condition of the ground and the ctors modifying the arctic geology present problem most of us.. ‘The mtelligent applica— e— tem injured by the miasma of the tropics er the unwholesome life of a crowded city. climate of the interior Alaska and Yukon is superb. _ Again we find that the average man gets his notions of the country—as a whole from seeing a small and easily acces— sible ortion it. — Southeastern Alaska, as typified by Juneau or Sitka, is a wet, misty and rainy tract along the coast that catches al f humidity of the west wind from over his excessive m0isture of man, with which even the well informed The gional difficulties, the wide distribu- tion of gold in denosits of peculiar character, the labor problems arising in — isolate communities, and bending of every energy to overcome the delays and expense of transport— these are all tasks for the most ad— only will h he mav even upbui]d a physical sys— associate the name — Alask I t coast is cmctured with rivers of ice; they are splendid spectacles; but once across the range the traveler sees no more g‘l’lClCrS he is in an arid region, where the air is as it is in Tucson at 4 a. m. in March—that is, it is the air that crea— tion breathed at the dawn of time, as free from microbes as interplanetary space; as stimulating as hope, in— vigorating as youth, when "the world was young and life an epic.‘ mommmmenmter ‘ on Tortymile, two o 68 bAWSsON bAILY NEWS. brcussd The List of Dredges Within 75 Miles of Dawson list of dredges within 75 miles of Dawson includes, five on Bonaiiza three on Hu HE of the Fortymile, one on Indian river, two on Stewart river, two on Klon— dike river. Several of the companies are con— templating an increase in the num— ber of dredges on their present rrop— ties. Hundre bearing streams are untouched by the ig concerns. and are still in — the hands of individiials in the Fortymile Stewart, Klondike, Indian river, Si)tty— mile, Circle and other dist Among the good streams in __the Fortymile are Canyon, Squaw, Hub— bard, Jack Wade, North Fork, Mos— quito — ork and scores of Nearer Dawson are such streams as Dominion, Sulphur, Indian River, Eureka Black Hills. Scroggie and others. mile are Glacier, Pure Gold,/the Six— tymile proper and othe ers. Many of the foregoing streams also have scores of square miles of hy— draulic propositions not yet in the hands of large concerns. Streams on which splendid hydraulic property is being held or gotten into shape out— side of the holdings of the one or two giant concerns, and which offer in— new investors include Bonanza, Eldorado, ker, Last Chance, Gold Bottom, All Gold, Gor— ing. Quartz, Eureka, and niany f their tribut'iries and hills. y raulic pl'ints operated near Dawson include: wo giants on Acitlen group, right limit of the Klondike, 700 i 4 giants con. Paradise Hill lef limit of Hunker, using 300 i Two giants on sSolomon Hill left limit of Bonanza, usin iants on American gulch left liinit of Bonanza irsmg 500 inches. ker Hill, ri anza, hydraulicking creek bottom into electrical lift No ‘our giants on Adams Hill. Seven giants on French Hill, limit of Bor left Plant on Whisky Hill right limit of Hiinker londike river and others. _ Plant on Whisky Hill. iant on Paradise Hill. Giant on Delhi Hill Plant No. 1 on Temperance Hill Giant No. 2 on Temperance Hill, Hunker. Plant No. Hun Plant on hill onposite Bee gulch. is Fl nt on Nugget Hill, opposite 55 elow. Four monitors with 800 inches, working on Treasure Hill, Hunker. Two giaiits on left limit of 3 and Last Cha Two giants opposite 2 and 3 helow 3 on Temperance Hill, Thistle creek also has some draulic plants in course of installa— i0 Q rker creek, a tributary of the Stewart, Graham and partner are in— stalling a plant. ‘The ditch is com— plete ydraulic work also has been car— ried on qu tensively on ground on the Sixty ne comnany ha an extensive hy— idr'iulic plant, long ditch and hydraulic ift on Miller mpany also in cleariiig the ground there for ge nurpose Many l'irge hills in the Klondike draulic work with many large flumes and ditches, has been under way for ears. Dredg and steam — shovels also are used there. Klondike‘s — new _ hydraulic plants will include the several to be fed by the mammoth ditch now being completed at a cost of about ten mil— lion dollars, sixty miles over the hills from Twelvemile river to the high electrical conveyor plan The first of the electrical conveyors have been installed o anza at a heavy cost, probably about $50,000, Tailing from the Hydraulic, Operati\on on the Potato Patch. on Hunker, g the wo iants opposite 6 above mouth, left limit of Last Chance. Plant on Goring creek, opnOSite up— per Hun > Several giants «on Dublin gulch. : — In addition to the foregoing are sev— eral plants operating on Lovett gulch and other points along Bonanza an Hunker by indiViduals whose names are not known. © In the Fortymile country hydraulic work. also is being undertaken . by quite a nu On Ballarat creek are several giants. camp / are — —being prepared for opera— tion by hydraulic methods. In Circle district at Rampart th Hot— Spri ngs, which on the lov Yukony hydraulic plants have been undertaken extensive scale. ‘These three. districts are among the most im— portant in the Yukon basin. n the extreme upper Yukon waters are the tributaries of the Big Salmon, lants are working on several creeks, including Livmgstone, Cotton— eva, and other Atlin district the waters of which are tributary to the Yukon, hy— 'Bonanza this ‘season. and containing 100 tons of m'icliinery and steel frainc material, o more the plants are to be installed on Part of the machinery for the two plants is on the ground. ‘The ditch will carry 5,000 inches of wa The liydraiilic and dredge mining has been under way in Klondike not more than three years, that is, anything more than a limited scale and while millions have been el'l(;le(ltllll veii{tures of this kind al ready, the working h i ic g here by this meth— The Poultry Industry in the Yulkon By WILLIAM J. ANSTETT, of Dawson. HE financial success of the poul— try business in this region de— pends on the success of the country in a general way, but as to the pos— sibilities in growing and handling fowls here, they are as great as in buildings, with plenty of light. .A large part of the general success is in through e winter in good health. That is the try kept in good condition will pay better in Yukon than elsewhere. half more than eggs from the out— sid e. Hens sell in Dawson for one and a half to two and a half dollars each mmer. In winter three to four dollars would be the price of a fresh killed chicken. ‘The storage fowls A Vista of Water, Snow—capped Mountains and Cloud. any other land. ‘The climate, as res— pects the keeping of poultry, does ot vary very much from that of the north central states or the adjoining Canadian provin For success in keeping poultry here one must have good winter quar such as large, warm, wel ventilated Fresh laid eggs bring three and even four dollars a dozen, depending on the locality and the winter supply. At the four dollar rate or anything near that the bring less. So the poultry raising in Yukon is carrie more for the eggs than for the flesh of the fowls. The prices of fe high, thus making the cost of keeping poultry high, and the pri e# e cording to the season. must be r the ndust most pleasant to follov e swers all times one ab out t = bark in the poultry business mici)sterl?e o face disapponitment, be— to make e indus— T he breedin g and ha geese and pigeons I]dhgfl{ (3ifsduCkS lgxc_ylsealso may be carried on w( Sss success, as the f. and birds do well. But torggdmg fOWIS y e emand is With the growth of the iness in ;he count a good many are raising o 2 ou some who ca p § 9. try on the j & C;;l(:ll:SlVCly have liundre:isdusrfy "tine chickens nd extensive ing ranches, Foullly Ee ie o es naaas s e tvaas BHFH ce sbaivisisamsstea sns Burton Holmes on the Yukon A MERICANS probably more than any other people have gained the reputation of being a nation 0 Yet it is an actual fact ousands of Am— ericans — who with the highways and byways of Europe than with the rugged scenery and amazing natural resources of their own America. With improved facilities for travel this condition is likely soon to wit— i In fact the hasty inspection of the Parisian boulevards and the Italian ruins. The summer trip to the great British Northwest— expensrve noer yet so costly in time and ex tion as a jaunt through the capitals of Europe.. E. Burton Holmes, the popular lecturer, and probably one of America‘s most famous travellers, after his visit to Alaska and the expressed himself in. the following enthusiastic manner "Alaska and the Klondike, as they amazing facts of ou yesterday a wilderness with fighting battles with the elements; today a land with towns and cities; with happy homes and thriving busi— ness enterprises "Where the pioneers dragged their bleeding feet up the icy stairways of the White Pass or the Chilcoot, we rolled in all the luxury of rail— ay car and within sight of the death— dealing rapids through which their boats were steered with the fear of death for pilot, we glid ed smoothly over rails of steel, coming from Skagway on the coast to White DAWSON DAILY NE Ww § Horse City on the Upper Yukon, as traveling froni New York to Boston "From White Horse to Dawson we have for highway the great, rapid— flowing river, and for conveyance the comfortable Yukon steamers that ply all summer up and down the stream." | The World‘s Gold Yield HE world‘s total gold output in 1908 —was $427,000,000, against $410,555,000 in 1907, according to the estimate of Director of the Mint Leach. Gold production in the United States aggregated $96,313,256, an in— crease. of ost —$6,000,000.— —Silver aggregated‘ 51 798,053 fine ounces, a net decrease of 4,700,000 ounces from the previous year. — Africa yielded $165,000,000 in gold, an increase of vited to stake on Gold Bottoffi. A few days afterwards Carmack and tw Indians arrived at Gold Bottom, and staked claims near to where Hender— on and party were working. Return— mg across the divide by way of Bon— anza, Carmack and the two Indians did some prospecting, and found rich prospects on what is n claim on staked Discovery and No. below; "Charley," an Indian, No. 2 below, and "Tagish Jim," the other Indian, No. 1 rospects were discovered. Car— mack, however, did not fulfil his prom— ise, and he an e Indians at once proceeded to Fortymilc, which the recording office at the time, and filed their applications with Insnector Constantine. joritvy of the miners in the territory had been working on Fortymile, but as soon as the discovery on Bonanza ~became known all—the—miners in the A Fair Day on Lake Lebarge. more than $13,000,000. — Alaska, Cali— fo do and South Dakota goldreaching thaii $10,000,000. Decreases in Utah of.3,500,000 ounces, Colorado. of 1,250,000, and Idaho 1,500,000 were notable in the Silver output.—Washington, D.C., Discovery of .Klondike' I N 1894 Robert Henderson and two other miners prospecte the gravels at the mouth of the Pellv, where they rocked out $54,00 in fine gold. ‘They came down to the mout of Indian river, which Henderson as— cended alone, and_ prospected Quartz and Gold Bottom. _ Having found good prospects on Gold Bot— tom, —Henderson and a party of five returned to this creek in the spring of 1895, staked claims and commenced to work During the summer of 113896 ot— c ol tom creek, cventu'illy made a tri Ladue‘s tradiiig post at Ogilvie to ob— tain suppli and returning to G d Bottom by w’iy of the Klondil\c river, a number of Indians fishing in the Yukon river at its con— fluence with the Klondike. _ Living with the Indians was one George W. Carmack, whom. Henderson in- Fortymile district stampeded to the new strike, and in a short time Bon— anza creek was staked from end, to end. Meantime Henderson and his party were working on Gold Bottom, and did not hear of the new discovery until the whole creek had been staked. Extensive prospecting at once . com— menced on Bonanza and its tributar— ies, and in a short time many of the stakers began to realize the marvel— lous wealth which their . claims con— the news of the rich strike reached the outside world, thou— sands seekers started for the Klondike. never before in the history of gold cation in life, as was seen in that ir— resistible strea of fortune— seekers who ‘climbed the Chilkoot pas pressed on to Lake Lindeman, where the most rude boats and other flimsy craft were constructed for the _iourney = =" the history of this great stampede oc— curred one morning on the trail be— tween the summit of the Chilkoot pass and Sheep camp. For some distance between these two points the trail leads along the bottom of a st mountain, and a long line of gold hun— ters were laboriously toiling along this stretch of the journey, some bearing p to this time the ma—. 68 their heavy burden of supplies in packs nd some on sleds, when suddenl were not found until the snow melted in the spring. Such is an instance of the dangers which confronted in the early days the thousands who had con— tracted the gold fever, and who were unaware ‘of the innumerable hard— ships to be encountercd on the jour— ney to the new di In the spring of 1899 nearly all the creeks in the Klondike . district had been staked; and in a few years this remarkably rich district produced mil— lions of dollars. ‘Though rich gravels were discovered on Gold Run un— ker, Dominion and Sulphur, and much as been discovered that can be compared in taries. acres, $1,500,000. . Creek ‘claim No. dorado, containing an area of 6.4 acres, produccd $1,300,000. THOMAS A. FIRTH. Successful young men in Klondike may be counted by the hundreds, but none have gained the smiles of fortune, with ew exceptions unless by arduous effort and talent. Thomas A. Firth is one of the suc— cessful. young Yukoners who — has forged his way to the front by mer— & He has spent several years in Yiikon and has been and nected with some of the chief en— terprises of the territory. Mr. Fi has organized a number of large min— ing and other concerns, and has con— ducted a successful brokerage busi— ness in Daw for yea faith in Yukon, and '1lthougli he has visited the outer world several times the last few years he. invariably re— turns, unable to shake the northern spell. fas Dredging Company, imited, and it is through him that ]iundreds of Dawsonites and Yukoners have become interested in these enterprises, omm P 70 Scientists on Yukon Summer F STUPART, in ‘ his report + ‘says, "Spring may be said‘ to open toward the end of April. the last spring frost. Daily observ— ances: during five summers indicate that on the average the temperature rises to 70 degrees or higher on 46 80 degrees or higher degrees in Jul { These temperatures with much bright sunshine and an absence of frost dur— ing three months, together with the long days of a latitude within a few degrees of the Arctic circle, amply account for the success ‘ so . far garden would appear to be the average date of the first autumnal frost, the tem— perature rapidly declining during the close of this month. Although night frosts are not. infrequent in Sep— tember, the month as a whole is mild, with a mean temperature of 42 de— grees. October may be fairly termed a winter month, the mean tempera— ture being but 22 degrees, and the first zero of winter recorded on the average about the 18th." Professor John Macoun, Domin— ion Scientist, in a on the climate ‘and flora of the Yukon Terri— tory, described the effect of the Coast range of mountams on climate as follow "Instead of the Coast range being Yukon district has district in Canada is Just the reverse, being dry and warm in summer and cold in winter, with a light snowfall carried inland by the upper south— west air current and. striking the Coast range, this moisture is at once precipitated on the sea face of these mountains in the form of rain or snow, and the air freed from . its d cold one on . 1 DAWSON DAILY NEW S moisture descends on the Yukon plain as dry air and having an in— creased temperature. It follows that the rainfall must be Iight in summer and also the snowfall in winter." |Volume of Yukon River WM OGILVIE, former Governor of the Yukon Territory, in his report published in 1898, computes the cross sectional area and volume of water in Yukon ‘River as follows: ‘The cross sectional area at the bouridary, measured in December, 1895, is 21,818 feet. There is n channel 600 feet wide, not less than 2 feet deep, and one 400 feet wide,. not less than 26 feet deep.. During Tomatoes Grown in Yukon. summer level those depths would not . be less than four eeper, arid the .cross sectional area 27,000 fee The discharge at this first level is approximately 96,000 cubic feet per ‘ second, at summer level it approxi— mates 135,000 cubic feet; at flood level it approaches 180, 000 cubic feet among r more, possibly. reaching for short ,000 0 ‘times |Congressman on Yukon] THE Hon. Wm. Sulzer, Congress— from New York, in the Seattlc Daily Times, said: SF go to Alaska every summer, combining. business with pleasure. I believe Alaska. to the grandest country on earth—God‘s country. Nobody can describe Alaska. Com— bine all the ‘pictures in nature‘s art world, tumble all the mountains, all the snow—capped peaks, all the glaciers, all the gorges, all the val— leys, all the cascades, all the tor— rential streams rushing tumultuously seaward, all together and you have a faint glimmer of wonders, the greatness, the glory, and the inex— preSSiblc grandeur of Alaska, Bd ericans knew more about Alaska, more about the land of sun— shine and glory and promise west of the Rockies, fewer of them would soJourn every summer in Europe." The Story of Charley Anderson Dawson by Light of the Aurora Borealis. ~HE sto’ry of Charles Anderson has been _ frequently . told the Yu’kqn miners. is prospector came\ into Dawson one h $800 earned by day evening wit labor in the I‘ortymile country. As is not unusual in such cases, Ander— son was at once shown the hospitality of the town; and after he had been plied with the necessary number of convivial glasses he was easily per— suaded to purchase — mining claim number 29 Eldorado at the price of $800. his entire cash ca The next morning poor Andeison woke up—penniless but with a bill of the supposedly. . worthless claim. Going back to his compan— ion of the previous evening, he begged and entreated with tears in his eyes to be allowed to cancel the deal and receive back his money. his was sale to was soon taking out as hi The claim yielded in all, out of all his earnings and was back in a saw mill at $20 per month. Dick Lowe‘s Luck. A story often told in the Yukon is that of Dick Lowe, who was advised by the ‘Territorial Governor to take up a fractional claim of about 160 feet. ‘This ground had been tramped over by hundreds of men, but none of them would consider a fraction— they all wanted a whole claim. ‘This same — fraction, — however, duced something like $750,000 under the skillful management of Then—there is a story of Swiftwater Bill, who made a reputation for him— self as a wild and original spender. , He probably took out several good— sized fortunes from number 13 Eldo— rado, and spent them all with the same ease with which he acquired them | Dawson‘s Public Library HE Dawson Carnegie Library Buildmg is the ‘gift—of Mr. Andrew C gi donated $25,000, prOVided the municipal coun— cil would provide a site and guarantee the maintenance the institution. The offer was made through A. F. Nicol, at one. time a resident of Dawson, and now of London, Eng— land. The: library is maintained by the city of Dawson and the territorial for the purchase of new books. There is now av(iil'ible for cireulation a best modern of fiction, his— tory, biography, science, etc. ere ;ire also on the shelves some of the atest 'md best works on al aP ahng 1 methods 7 mm DAWSON DAILY NEW S. Developing the North By CHAS. R. SETTLEMIER, of Dawson News. A STUDY IN THE VITAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF EXPLOITATION. (From the Alaska—Yukon Magazine) “Alask’i—Yukon is an empire with— out a people."—Daniel Guggenheim. it not reasonably safe to take the cue for this epic theme of empire building from one of t world‘s foremost diplomates of ex— ploitation? Mr. Guggenheim, whose enterprises of the earth, the world‘s proffered possibilities for profitable exploitation, — visited — Alaska—Yukon two years ago and made the fore— going declaration to the writer. The sincerity of his statement is attested in the Guggenheim—Morgan invest— ments in this field to the extent of upwards of fifty millions of dollars; emhracmg twenty millions in Copper River copper, coal, timber and rail— way properties; a like sum in Klon— dike and Atlin gold fields; and the remainder in steamship lines running to. the North. The motto of the virile brother— two . territories. Their interlacing interests make their destiny identical. Hence, this may be déealt with as the domain of Alaska—Yukon. y The i location tactical advantage‘ of central nature‘s first this region. ‘The shores of the Orient and| the. Occident bend the Pacific Ocean spanning the world‘s most momentous future theatre. Wedged at the top is the keystone, Alaska—Yuko To the west, block on block from‘ Cape Horn northward, are the new world powers. pregnant with popula— tion and‘ portentous. east, sweeping from New 7ealand upward, are the ambitious Antipodes iati tures, seized.with a hunger—lust flam— ing into a passion for Western products. f Lifting higher, to widen the hori— 4 zon beyond the saucer of the Pacific, Alaska—Yukon is seen of the world. the only possible all—land medium of inter—hemisphere migration and com— mercial and military traffic. Alaska— Yukon with 800 QUO the destiny of population of centra Asiatic nations, Alaska—Yukon would have 1,000 people to the square mile. But. reduce it to only three persons this Northland will sustain millions. This Alaska—Yukon, with its spare handful of pioneers, not exceeding 60,000 —souls, has had nine—tenths of the active force of today here not more than a decade, yet has produced the splendid returns in wealth touch- ing a billion dollars. This modest advance corps has gained far more than the immediate pecuniary —returns which line their pockets, and the greater gain is the know'ledgo of the riches in . store. This is invaluable especial]y to those who believe in being early in a virgin country in order to get advantage of its growth. ‘The discovery period, al— though no more than begun, has pro— gressed far enough to reveal to the Northerner, and to official scientific agents of the two governments, that this is a land of prodigious resources. Here are minerals equal in extent and value to those of several Color— adoes and Montanas; coal fields as excellent, Pennsylvania; cluding pulp—wood covering nine—tenths of the domain; deep sea fisheries of 125,000 square miles, ex— ceeding those of New gland and «Nova Scotia; greatest salmon streams of the world, with a product in the very partially developed condition to— day bringing returns equalling an— nually the output of many of world‘s best gold camps; sealeries, whaleries and fur domains of princely revenues; oot crop, berry crop and cereal belt athwart the land; l—al @ rivers of water power on a thousand— high divides; calm winters of elec— trical vigor, cold but_ exhilarating and free from humidity or blizzard features of great lake. or prairie regions; and, suffusing all, the mid— night sun, forcing vegetation at tre— 1 \ earth. But here is a region which, while broadly speaking as regards the time when it shall be broadly devel— oped, occupies the centre of things, is for the present in the anomalous position of being far from the base of much of its supply, the federal seats of government, the centre of capital and the mass of humanity. These facts call for special lines of action for this country as compared with many other new regions _ Accepting the present nucleus population and those profiting or to profit as individuals or as nations or cities as having at heart the develop— ment of Alaska—Yukon, and assum— ing there is no one Napoleonic indi— Vidual to force destiny, there is need— ed united action and policy piloting. The people of today and accumulat— ing recruits should bend every effort above all things to keep alive the progressive spirit, for all action and se of empire not left to mere chance or recklessness must be out— lined first in the mind "All is waste and worthless till Arrives the wise selecting will." ual or corporation; to correct de— fective laws speedily; to oppose corrnption in all‘ forms. e pioneers have struggled iii- domitably and not in vain for proved conditions. No passive state will succeed. The rich, red blood must always prevail if there is to be success y process of drift or the gradual advance of humanity to the frontier from sheer exigency, Alaska— To .deal first With the corrective line of action will admit a clearer course for the gradual introduction afterward of the fostering ne The most regrettable matter today to the dovoted Northerner is the fact that there exists in the public mind Outside this realm a colossal wall of igrnorance and unwarranted pre]udice ag'imst this region. In the main it consists of the idea that this land of perennial ice and _ snow, never free from glaciers in every part, whereas, spring, summer and fall in the country as a whole are as free g Bennett, Lunch Station, on the White Pass Railway. equable in summer as California in winter, a halcyon land—the American continent‘s future summer . tourist mecca. With such a dowry is the empire without a people. Admitting Alaska—Yukon on modest estimate for its area is capable of supporting a population of millions, t are the steps best designed to realize that destiny? The first requisite for permancnt extensive population is inexpensive occupation. ‘This demands a means by which all grades of resource can be made to contribute toward. the support of the people and yield some profit.. What cannot be supplied at« home must be pu urchased by — the profits of home products and indus— tries, and what facilities and sup— plies cannot be locally should have some way of coming into the country at low _ transportation cost, and t ome products sent abroad should be taken out . inex— pensively. . A living margin for the masses must be provided above the cost of conquering the disadvantages of development and marketing. o summarize, the prime factors needed in making Alaska—Yukon are: 1. People. as TransportatiOn. Normal lo—Saxon government and human ll(llVlClual diligence would suffice to reclaim such a richly en— dowed domain in most parts of the To rear the empire from its swad— dling clothes, corrective and nourish— ing processes will have to be emplo srmultaneously. The nourishing may be said to be a positive and t corrective a negative. ‘The positive or nourishing needs include: People, transportation preservation and con— servation of blic _ resources, help- ful federal ome government, adeqii:lte represen— tation skilled and scientific study as to adaptation of herds and of fruit,. cereal and rops; thorough geo— Jlogical and geodetic Siirveyiiig; estab— lishment of trade; velopment of neighboring regions \vliich can afford a near—by ~auxiliary supply;— ad— vertisement of the advqntages. op— portunities and scenic charms; as— similatiiig loyal people; good schools; vigorous Anglo—Saxon spirit. Corrective—action applies to present evils and those to come, including the breaking down —of unwarranted preJudice against this region; stop— pi g of financial drains, by institut— in reinvcstinent to stop loss of local capitalists by prcviilmg on the ﬁnancmlly successful fro moving out of the country; to obvmtc liigh cost of operation and livmg, to take and keep investment out of the hands of men not competent and not con— versant with peculiarities of the coun— try; to combat choking monopoly of territory or resources; to battle in— security of title as affecting individ— from ice and snow as the zone be— tween the great lakes and the Pacific or the Atlantic; and the strip in the Northland carrying glaciers and per— petual snow lS confined to the Alas— the original Alps to the whole of Europe Failures among the initial investors in this region have not been many, but they have been sufficient to be touched on here as one of the evils needing correction in a fundamental way;— and the fault lies not with the climate or want of riches of resource, but with the investors themselves. in sending inexperienced and unpractical men to handle their properties. 00 often have the representatives been fondlcd striplings or men untrained work, sent merely to give tliem a sinecure, and men unacquaint— northern conditions. ‘This region above all requires a peculiar knowledge of local conditions. Prop— erties once unprofitable are proving handsome payers under agement and. competent . lieutenants having an mtimate acqliamtaiice with the field and the Another i lnjlll‘lolls condition of glar— of millions, and delaying iiica]culably full fruition. Prompt checking would give new impetus to the North, and do no harm, but rather geod to the 72 & southern cities and countries which have been the chief beneficiaries from Northern exploits. With reinvest— trading and mi have multiplied the returns to the owners and the Southern supply houses, and the land wou have been leagues ahead its present s work more proﬁtably than for northern investment. Akin to the defect of non—reinvest— ment is the migration of people from this land after making fortunes here. The — successful homestake seeker nearly always leaves the land. ‘The has ~doubled or cause of desire— to be pleasures and to have home and the higher educational advantages for their families, and make their wealth in the meantime go the farth— est possible in a land inexpensive existence. b the the lure which make been North desire to remain despite the expedient call which to their regret now takes them away. The basic detriment to those willing to remain and invest is the high cost of occupation. To ork . placers, minerals and other resources of low grade as well as high i is the condition of miserable Oriental existence, but something near the costs elsewhere un this continent In hopes to overcome . the rates of living the consumer the high first to the railways and steamship lines saying they set the pace, abetted by the isolated condition; so the merch- ant maintains that he cannot under present lconditions reduce charges and meet his high freight rates.. He further has to buy twelve months‘ stock at one time, make but one turn— over a year, and thus invest severa times the sum necessary to do the same volume of business annually as done in countries where the base o ation on the long—held stock, and in— ability to keep abreast the general ﬂuctuatioris in the world‘s markets. Th nature for being too poor or others for wanting too mucH, and quits the country. And there‘s the rub. * * * From their earliest days, Alaska and Yukon have pioneered against great odds, and at the same time have been subject to burdens customs, excise duties and other taxes, never complaining against a fair tax. But they do demand, as shown in repeated instances under both fla ags, nt. For it they have battled and — will merchant for lower paAWSON DAILY NEWS. battle and clamor with the same feel— ing which the Britishers _ of i Washington, who then were exploit— ing a new empire, believing that the taxed should also have a voice. x * * * thermic study of any standard atlas shows Alaska—Yukon in the same zone which in Europe is heavily populated. St. Petersburg, gay as a winter Mecca and a summer capital, is on the same parallel as Skagway and Whitehorse with northern Scot— land but a little farther to the south. The province of Vologda, Russia, north of St. Petersburg, sustains by diversified industry a‘ million and a half people. Most of Norway and Sweden, all of Finland and Iceland and much more of the European and Asiatic Arctic and sub—Arctic regions are in the reclaimed belt—a land of tolerable climatic condition and happy homes, yet not nearly so richly en— dowed as this region of dawning op— portunities. N one f'lctor or reform sug— g the effort for maximum or even extensive develop— ment. It must be a blending of all such, and even more Alaska—Yukon‘s destiny is sure, l)iit the guiding star peediest realization of the wc]l—roimdcrl em— pire must be which supports the piophctic “ords "I hear the tread of pion(c Of millions yet to The first low wash r)f waves where soon Shall roll a human sea. ‘The elements of empire here Are plastic yet and warm, The chaos of a mighty world Is rounding into form. Mining at Whitehorse HE town of Whitehorse, Y. ‘T., which is the terminus of t White Pass & Yukon Route rail line, and where transfer is made to steam— ers operated by the same company between Whitehorse and Dawson in summer and stage line in winter, is the principal town in Southern Yukon Territory. Its merchants are pro— gresswe and carry complete and up— to—date lines of general merchandise, and its hotels are equipped with all modern conveniences. ‘This town is destined to be one of the great mining centres of the no adjacent therato orre nt— rth. and the eaprer properties ore averaging 5 per cent. coppe About fifteen miles soutliwest of Whitehorse several seams of anthra— cite coal have been located, and at ‘Tantalus one hundred and ninety miles down the river from Whitehorse more coal deposits have been discovered and are being worked quite extensively at present time. . Last season approxi— mately 7000 tons of coal was taken from this mine, most of which was used by White Pass steamers, and laboratory tests show this . coal will make good coke. ‘This can be used vhen the copper and other mineral dorns s o the Whitehorse dis‘rict be— tractmg the attention of the quartz Six miles west of the town lies an exceedingly rich copper belt . about fourteen miles in len "his en— tire belt has shown good results from— ‘the development work done on it, and large quantities of sample ore hav been shipped to the Ladysmith aiid Tacoma smelters. In the this ore has been hauled by team to Whitehorse and there loaded on cars, but the White Pass route has prac— tically completed a spur from its main line to the mines which will materially 'aSSISt in the sliippmg of ore and the means of increased actiVity iii minin Among the best known and ricliest mines . _are the following: er King. Grafter,. Pueblo, Best Chance Valerie, Corvette Group Sample Shl[)- ments from these mines have shown values averaging from 5 to 10 per cent. in copper tunnel, on the Arctic Chief there is a sliowmg of ap— proximately 300,000 tons of 6 per cent. copper ore the Grafter a shaft has been sunk 110 feet, and a drift has been run from the fifty foot level, showing a body of high grade ore 16 feet wide. 2000 tons of this ore was shipped out just as it came and averaged 7 per cent. copper and i and silver. — On the V was sunk 100 feet and shows a 30—ft. ore body, five feet of which averages 10, per cent. copper. ‘The Pueblo has a very heavy sur— face showing of bare copper ore over 250 feet wide and which has been stripped for a distance of 400‘ ~ feet along the ledge. ._On this property there is a shaft 65 feet, a drift 170 eet and winze at end of drift 45 feet, and a cross—cut about 110 feet, all in Hayward & Scott‘s Teams‘ Hauling Supplies in Winter. come further developed. Livingstone Creek. Livingstone creek, a tributary of the South Fork of Big S.llmoii Il\(‘r was discovered Sam gh and George Black on Aiig 12th 599 and has been ed wash creek. ‘The dumps n washed show that Burwash an, dre liardly find a better field and promises better returns on é labor, and the further exte the governmcnt of a good roa section, and the providing of service and a judicious expend; capital will in the near future,. strate that the Kluane dis@ rich in precious metals. Conrad, Y. T. f nir a wl Conrad or Windy Arm m trict as it is called is about 1. from Carcross on the main li ! White Pass & Yukon route, ! district was little lieard of ur: year 1905, when Col. J. H Cemd itiated work on the Windy Ar perties. — Since that time consin work has been accomplished, | tramways were installed to. most promising mines, a conce: erected on the beach, and there . construction tramway from the Big Thing m Carcross a distance of four, Perhaps more work has been m this district than any other ;/ Southern Yukon, and it is only | say that the ’1dvancement and d« ment of the clistrict is due to— t tiring efforts of H. Con : Watson and Wheaton.} In the Watson and Wheato: tricts over 130 claims have bel presented, and there are many | claims that are showing up pri arly good, among them bein| Tally Ho Group, Nevada, Gol| Whirlwind, Buffalo and Silver these are all showing up in goldl and lead. All through this § there is good quartz, and consi the little prospecting done the :; were encouraging enough to | rant both prospectors and capil to investigate this belt more e| Yukon Basin Gold Dredgmg C Ste t River, The construction of th No. 1 began at Whitehorse in 1908, and started for Nelson:f'ol July 8th and. arrived July started work a ont lateil worked till Octobor 8th — with rrratifving result of one clean | over $3,000. ‘This company ow operate over 105 miles lease |! river and have what is conceti be the best mininrlr investment l Yukon. During the summer o the l\e) stone rlri]l was kept bus; satisfactory results at Nelson striking 30 feet of pay dirt averaging about $3.50 per cubic One great advantage lies in tli'it tlie grn\'el remains . un ever since its dis \ery and DrO(lll(‘ annually from $70 000 ‘to $100,000 with good prospects of an increase this year. Below Discovery the pay is f y is found i the creek bed but above Di ig (l\ he best channel is in hillSidc The creek is easily reached in summer or winter — fror White— horse. In summer time by steamboat to Mason‘s ‘Landing and from there l)y government wagon road and in winter by overland road lrom White— horse. tIn the ianediatc vicinity of Living— stone creek are Cottoneva, S Lake, _ Little — Violet, Dy:-ummlil Mendicino creeks, all of which pros— pect well, the first three having been worked to some extent with results. 2e Kluane District. The Kluane district is about 160 miles west of Whitehorse section — about 00 _ miles abounding. with streams and scarcely scratched by the pick of ihe miner or pros pec Stampeded in 1903 the cost of liv— ing and difficulty of prospecting with limited capital discoui'iged all but of the most arduous spirits, and even their efforts had little cncouiap;c— ment until last summer (190; number of creeks, notably, Burwash, Sheep, Bullion, Fourth of July, Ruby and Gladstone gave sufficient rcturm to instil new life into the camp, and pr osnecting last winter met with most gratifying results particularly on Bur— ug ‘. ut tewart River: try. — ‘The drcdqe wintered we a wood camp was maintained | siipp]y of 1000 cords is in rea! hi: siimmers use. T) 2 is now being= b \\’hitehorse "m(l the. assembli the m: l"l]lll(‘l‘\ ward. a Stewart river about the first 0 l(ll(l will soon be at work. It is Wreater dredge: No. 1 and thcalf):la‘lillt)i <lmw to — the — inv that they have made no. mist: the installation an exceptionally looked season. . Mr. Morley Ogilvie, : pert mining engineer, has bee pointed field superintendeiit an l)c en on the field for several getting everything d spring work. He has spent & years iiiftli}e North and thmk th ‘ iss 4 1c finest dredging j the small investor as well as the one as all share equally in the :/ of the season‘s work will be gladly s t ’]\)]7]';]1[("1”0" t}o o\’f]ukgiionB;es(i!ri“ Cirty gz\i}g Co., head offices at L Whitehorse Board of ‘Trac Attest: 44 EP Ll J.E. BARRAGAR, s Secretary. Fhe .A.laska-Yukon Magazine is the Pubhqty Organ of the NMorthland From month to month it publishes interesting and valuable material concerning Alaska and the Y uon L ewilory, conering such subjects as resources, industrial progress, history, geography, climate, ethnology, subject matter of interest to sportsmen, etc. _ The fiction in the "Alaska—Y ukon‘" Magazine is western and northern in char— acter and comprises wholesome stories which have an uplift. _ The aim of the magazine is to be educative and helpful. T he files of the "Alaska—Y ukon" Magazine contain more educational material about Alaska than can be found in any current publication. T he "Alaska—Yukon" Magazine circulates through every post office in Alaska. _ It is the best advertising medium to reach } Alaskans, and the rapidly increasing circulation in the Pacific Northwest helps to make this magazine one of the most desirable advertising mediums for the territory that it covers. § Subscription rates $1.50 the year; $2 to Canadian Postoffices. Advertising rates reasonable and furnished on application. THE HARRISON PUBLISHING COMPANY 624 Araska BuirpiNncg, SEATTLE 12° C' : Thirp Agu?J ¥. he avierxy STABLE | S C c<——— B E& ds E— B ———— o THIRD AVENUE LIVERY STABLES E. HUTCHINSON, Proprietor rirst—class Driving and Saddle Horses. Freighting and Packing to All Creeks. o id L ‘THirp Anp Princess Sraeer, DAWSON. Phone 195. Finest Livery Norh of \;i:i('oii’\i"_i,'r no Ennaste Horses Bought and Sold. Draying t FOR —YoOUur SUMMERMR _ VACATIGOI VISIF WONDERFUL — GOLD—PRODUCING COUNTRIES ALASKA A ND — T HE CANADIAN YUKRON IT WILL BE THE MOST ENJOYABLE TRIP YOU CAN ARRANGE. . . coysam. ds BY OCEAN FROM S / _/ welh — STEAMER THROUGH THE INLAND SEA VICTORIA OR VANCOUVER N & L SKAGUAY TCO Thence by R#21 aountains of the Coast Range, where peaks and shining cascad ja‘ une ano \ grandeur. To Atiin ;eanier, on pea azme lakes, amongst rocky snow capped mountai To Liay or Nome by steamer, m the Yukon River, where along its «w ««~~— «Jurse you view on either a wonderful panor=ma of mounta:‘ u and plain. ' f V ~. : ~>» booklets, folders and full info: Cl s Ww: DULPl ¥3 HERMAN WEIG, General Agent, W & Y. R. General Agent, W. P. & Y. R. 513 Colman B ling — Or 1016 Chamber of Commerce Seattle 1: TRAFFIC EPARTMENT, W. P. & f Chicago, I11. Williams Building, Vancouver, B. C
Periodicals
Dawson (Yukon)
English
Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library
Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://rbsc.library.ubc.ca
Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. Phil Lind Klondike Gold Rush collection. RBSC-ARC-1820-08-13
Yukon--History
Yukon--Politics and government
Gold mines and mining--Yukon--Klondike River Valley
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