AtoM
David Conde fonds
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Prosecution documents and exhibits
Conde, David W.
14 items
application/pdf
Doc. Ho. 2899 / * i A A / 0 ^ Extract from Note addressed "by United States Acting Secretary of State to the Charge d'Affairs ad interim of Sevr Zealand Legation, Washington, on 31st of May 1945 (Haf. 390.0015/3-3045). The following is quoted from a recent report of the American Consulat General at Manila! "I have the honor to refer to the Department's airgram So. 4 of March 10; 1945, transmitting a commai.' cation received by an offi- cer of the Department from the Now Zealand Legation at 'Washington concerning the whereabouts and welfare of four Catholic priests and to report that Martin Strong, Arthur Price and Thomas Dwyer are in good health and at present are "being quartered in the New Bilibid camp at Muntinlupa. "According to information received "by Arthur Price through. Philippine sources, Yemen Douglas was subjected to extreme torture in the presence of a large group of FilipinoB at Pililla Convent, Pililla, Hizal, over a period of three days in July of 1942. When last seen by eye—'witnesses one eyeball was hanging entirely out of his head and there was a large hole in his forehead. According to some reports he was then taken to Paete, Laguna, and subsequently to Santa Cruz but it is the belief of Arthur Price that he died near Paete." It Pare Id James Srans, Plight Lieutenant, Royal New Zealand Air Force hereby certify that the above is a true copy of an extract from a note addressed by the Unitud States Acting Secretary of State to oho Charg<s d:Affairs ad interim of New Zealand Legation, Wash:igton, or. 31st May 1945 (Refo 390. C 015/3--3045). ... /.9/ H. J., Fyana P/'Lt, RNZAF 12.9c19iG . • F: . 2\01 / page 1 S I C R I T GI PIRAL :-iEjjj-̂ rjj?prRS UNITED STATES 4K V FORCES, PACIFIC OFFICE OF THE THEATER JUDGE ADVOCATE TAR CEEv.TS BRANCH AFO 500 AG 000.5 (5 Jul 45) JA 3 J^y 1S45 SUBJECT: Report of Par Crimes on Atrocities. TO Uaslmngton 25, E. (po m / 71. SQ-IARY OF EVIDENCE: 3rief'ly summarized, the evidence adduced by the Investigator- Examiners is to the effect that: '•hen the Imperial Japanese Forces entered 1,-'anils on 2 January 1942, the Consulate officials representing the Republic of China in Panila (Ex. A, 3, C; R 1, 2> and consisting of Dr. Clarence Kuangson YOUNG, Xai Yien I'CK, Eiao Fin GEIU (E. P. CHU) , Yu Eeng LOO (Fing-Se It), • v-u Siu YAO, Tom SIAO, Ching Siu YOUNG and Jair.es Eung ,r'ei PANG, proceeded to hide In the Swiss Consulate in Manila with the exception of Lr. YOUNG who moved to the Manila Hotel. These officials remained at the Consulate for a few days, returning to the^r homes at No. 15 Brixton Hill, Santa Mesa, Manila, by 4 January. About 3 January they were all taken into custody by the Js';an- ese and interned at Villamor Hall, University of the Philip; ines, Manila, for examination and interrogation (R £, 9, 12, l6, 19, 23, 2-5, 29. 33. 37. 67, 7.5, 73, 80). They were confined in the music practice room about six by twenty meters»in size on the second floor (R 33^, without any mattresses, cots, clothes or food except that which '.as brought to them by their respective families (R. 3 , 29, 33, 38^. The treatment accorded them in the beginning was fair and they T.ere permit- ted to walk in the university garden and around 7illamor Hall under guard (R 3 , 3S) while their families were allow ed to visit them because their captors were trying to obtain their cooperation (R 33, 38"). The Japanese in charge of the Consulate Group were members of the Military Police Command whose headquarters was located et Fort Santiago, Intra- muros, Manila (R 38) From 8 January to 28 March the3r were questioned by the Japan- ese and it was reported that Lr, YOUNG was askced about 15 March by Jt. Col. OHTA, Commander of the Military Police, h-*oi r.:uch the Chinese in the Philippines had contributed to the Chungking Government since 1937 to which Dr. "x'OUNG replied "about twelve million pesos." This officer then stated that if the Chinese could contribute ths.at much to the Chungking Government, they could contribute more than thsat pmount to the Japanese -army, and demanded that Dr. YOUNG inform the Chinese people in the Phil- ippines to contribute twice that amount withian three months, ordered him to denounce the Chungking Government under CHTANG ICai £hek and recognize the l&KG Ching Wei (puppet) Government (R 24) . Furthermore, the Japan- ese Commander gave Dr. YOUNG three days to ma Tee a decision but after dis- cussing the matter with his colleagues he replied that he could not meet the demands (R c, 24, 3 7 ) . The Consulate Group were transferred to Fort Santiago, Intra- muros, ©n 28 March (R 10, 34) where they were ..placed in Cell 14 (R 40) located in a temporary building without windows and with meager ventila- tion facilities. They were rarely allowed to receive their families and 1 <- rn Loc. No. 2901 pege 2 the usual means of conversation with them -..as through a slit in the cell (R 40) • They had nothing to sleep on except empty rice sacks (E 4) 1 '• ore- only their underwear and were alloy.ed out of the cell once a week for the purpose of bathing and exercising (R 10, 41) . The treatment received at Fort Santiego was very poor, so on 5 April, Dr. YOUNG complained tn Major NTSHHITU who was in charge, that there was not even a place to rest or sit down in the cell (R 63). On 16 April the Japanese informed the Consulate C-rouj that they would be removed to Muntinglupa Interment Camp, Rizal -rovince (F 5» 84"'1 • Mrs. Kay Lo 1!DK last visited her husband on tht morning of 17 April at ton o'clock when she v.as informed by the Commander of the Mili- tary Police at Fort Santiago that the „ives could return and visit their husbands on the following day (R 5, 10). At 1700 hcurs on the afternoon of 1" April, Nr. Ang Tian SA2Ir of the (Pro-Japanese) Chinese Association informed Mrs. 3VDK and Mrs. Yang Si Cheng YAO that there would be little use for the families of the Consulate Group to try and see their husbands again at Fort Santiago as they had leen transferred (R _5> 17^* In spite of this, Mrs. Clarence K. Y0UTG, Mrs. MOX, Mrs. Felisa Cu LOO, Mrs. Shirley Shao ?»ANG, Mrs, Ruby Y.ang SIAO and Mrs. YAO returned to Fort Santiago on 18 April and were told by the Cocmanding Officer that 'They are not under our custody any mure. They have been transferred to the Amy* (R 6). Mrs. M K then went to a Military Chief whose name is un- known and asked him where her husband was and she was told that he was far away and that his whereabouts was secret, but it was suggested that she return in ten or twelve dajrs for an answer 'after he had wired the Emperor." She waited for this period to elapse and returned tc the of- fice of this Military Chief who told her that he was sorry that he could not give her an answer because the Emperor said "No" and he added, Don't come here any mre" (R 6). The rearing apparel and personal property of the Gr~up were thereafter returned to their families except articles which the husbands had carried c.n their persons (R 6, 10, 13, 17> 2CN . Between 16 end 19 April two internees at Fort Santiago, Joaquin Fardo de TAT.RA and Jovito SAL0R3A, saw three or four Japanese officers with pistols and sabers line up the Consulate Group in front of their cell, tie their hands and march them away (R lj|.l, 31]). Actually, at about 1400 hours on 17 April a Japanese convoy including a Military ""olice automobile, one truck filled with Japanese soldiers and another with the consular officials with guards, entered the gate of the Chinese Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, proceeded towerfis the Chinese chapel and turned off to the right on a road which passed beside the grave of Lai Yip SANG in Section 23. The motor caravan then turned to the left, drove across the open field about IOC yards from this letter grave end stopped (la:. D; R 59) • The entire Consulate Group was taken from the truck and caused tw sit on the ground in a circle surrounded by the Japanese sol- diers (R 54)* An unknown priest, presumed t.» be Japanese, moved around the circle after which the Chinese -;.ere lined up in front of a prepared grave eight meters long, with their hands tie<?. behind them, blindfolded, and caused to kneel while a Japanese soldier with a rifle stood behind each ef the eight officials. After an officer- made an inspection, each soldier shot his victim and those who did not die instantly were bayonet- ted, after which the soldiers threw some loose, earth over the bodies in the grave in Section 9, and then departed (R I49« 55> 60) . Other laborers in the cemetery were directed to complete the filling of the grave and a wood marker bearing? four Japanese characters meaning 'community grave" was placed thereupon (R 49) • Mr. relsgio REYES, Superintendent of Cemeteries, Department ef Kesalth, Manila, -hose office was 200 meters away from the Chinese Cemetery, recorded in his book with- out the knowledge of the Japanese authorities the date of burial and number of bodies interred there during the Japanese occupation. Such records disclose thet at 1500 hours on 17 April! 1942 eight bodies were buried in a grave prepared upon the order of thr.e Japanese. He marked his record of the burials "esst'd" (assorted) sinea he was not certain of their nationality at that time (Ex, E; R 44, 4.55). S E C R E T » b No. 2901 page 3 On 14 .Tune 1945 'the remains of the eight bodies wore exhumed from the common grave infection 9, Chinese Cemetery (F. 49» 52, 57, 62), in the presence of Shirley Sheo TAKr, rife of James Kung Tei "AUG, Alfonso YOUNG and Yu King HCN (Young King HUN), brothers, end Wy Chut YOUNG, mother of Ohing £iu YOUNG; Kuby Wang SIAO, rife of Tom Fing £TAC; May lo MCK, wife of Kai Yien WDK; Felisa Cu ICO, rife of Yu Heng LOO; Yang Si Cheng YAO, wife of Tsu £iu YAO. These relatives were able to positively identify the bodies as those of the eight Chinese Consulate officials from the shepe of their respective skulls end personal property of the victims found in the grave (Ex. F, G, H, I, J, K; R 63 , 65, 66, 63 , 70 , 72 , 74 ) 76, 78-. 80, 3l) . Mrs. ITK recognized the hc^n-rimmed glasses found in the comrr.cn grcve t s those worn by her husband, • n& many of the rives of the Consulate Group further identified Dr..YOUNG'S white, gold-rimmed and sun eyeglasses (R 63, 63, 70, ?2, 74). Mrs. WANG, Mrs. LUK and Mrs. £1.kO believed that a pair of shoes discovered in the grave belonged to Mr. WANG since he had always had tro holes in the toes (R 63, 70, 74). The red pencil found in the grave of Mr. 100 ras the same one which Mr. Chang CHIN had given to Mr. LOO during the time he had acted as Deputy Consul in the Chinese Consulate from 1935 to 1940 (R 63, 67, 63). A brorn leather belt taken from Mr. LOO's grave was the one which he had previously purchased before being taken prisoner and his wife ras further able to point out that the Br. West "Miracle Tuft" tooth- brush taken from the grave ras identical with the one she had taken to him when he was at Fort Santiago (R 65). The upper jar of the skull of Mr, LOO was examined and a tooth with a silver filling ras identified while a toothbrush end a pair of eyeglasses rimmed with silver end a flowery design were f"und and identified as those of Mr. YAO (R 06, 72). Mrs. £IA0 identified her husband's silver tooth found in his skull; and the suspenders of Mr. CHU and Mr. C. £ . YOUNG (R 70). There were also taken from the grave a cigarette holder end toothbrush which, were recog- nized as belonging to Ching £iu YOUNG (R 66, 76, 73^. His mother, ^y Chut YOUNG, and brothers, .'Alfonso YOUNG and Yu King HUM, further iden- tified the shape of the skull end his four front upper teeth found in the grave (R 76, 78, 31). 1 Docr No* 2901 p^ge 4 C T R T I F I C A T E I, Alva C. Carpenter, Chief, Legal Section, General Headquarters, Supreme Compandor for the Allied Powers, do hereby certify that immediately after the liberation of the Philippines -roving t~ams, comprised of military personnel fror the Judge Advocate Service of the Unitrd States Army, '-'ere sent out to conduct investigations throughout the Dhilippines on reported aiv known cases of atrocities committed by the Japanese A m y and Navy personnel; that ^-any of those cases have been thoroughly investigated in the immediate vicinity of their occurrence; that witnesses who had first-hand knowledge of the atrocities were interrogated and their affidavits taken and ocular inspection of the place where the crimes were committed were invariably made; that reports have been submitted regarding those atrocities investigated and are now on file in our office; and that the attached docum-nt is the Summary of Evidence contain'd in Report No, 33 5 v'ar Crimes Branch, Judge Advocate Section, General Headquarters, AFPAC, of the investigation of the murder of Dr. Clarence Xuangson Young, Kai Yien "/ok, Siao ^in Chu, Yu Heng Loo, Tsu Siu Yao, Tom Ming Siao, Ching Siu Young and Jaaes Kung Wei Wang, all Chinese Consulate officials, at the Chinese Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila., P,I,, on 17 April 1942, which is now on file in our office. /s/ llva C, C-^ro^nter Alva C. Carpenter, Chief, Legal Section Witness: /s/ John R. Pritchard Sworn to before me this 3rd day of January, 19-5-7, Tokyo, Japan. /s/ John R« Pritchard Captain, Infantry Summary Courte No. 1996 ' " p- e 1 £ AFFIDAVIT OF A 'MTNESS I OSCO" Ifarch 12, 1946. The Military Investi&or for the USSR, at the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo, colonel of the judicial Corps, Dclir,zky e>:ai ined "'ith due warning of the responsibility for giving fnlst evidence under article 95 of the Criminal Code of the F.. S.F.S.Ti. the undernamed -s a witness, who stated the following. Orelchehko, Y^kov Vasilievich born in 1911, in the Kiev district, the inhabited point of Emelchino, rank naior, "t present a student of the Frunze Military Academy; I live in Moscow, Herovniki, 3. Hrve never been charged with criminal offence. In 1939 I was a lieutenant nnd held the position of Second- in coin, and of the rifle reminent 14 9 which at that time was in the area of the Hainxn-Gol river. The conflict in the rentioned area was caused by the provocative actions of the Japanese troops, to which I was a witness. Thus, in April, 1939, a -Japanese plane, having trespassed the frontier with the Mongolian People's Republic flow for about 75 kilometres deep into the country and opened fire at one of the platoons of j.y company. One of the Red Army Men \:*s killed, two were wounded. At that time the platoon r-as havin • parade drill; it had no a: munition and therefore it was not able to defend itself froi. the attacks of the plane, th-t was flvin - very low. In the same month I witnessed another provocation of the Japanese troops; 3 Japanese planes attacked a mongolian outpost, 70-75 kilometres deep from the St°te frontier in the Mongolian Peoples 1 Republic. As the result of this benbing the monastery, T-\here the outpost was, was destroyed. In the course of the firhtin', n nr the Halhin-Gol river, in which our units were en ;a" ed a :°:'nst the Japa nese troops who encroached on the J'ongolian People's Republic, Junior Lieutenant of our company Komaristih, was wounded and tal en prisoner by the Japanese. it m s on the ni-ht before the 29th of May, 1939. In the morning when we were advancing, near the mount "Remizovo" ry scouts and I found the corpse of Junion Lieutenant Komaristih. 5 stars were carved out on the back of the corpse. A large star with the sickle and harmer ,Tas curved out on the chest. Cartridges wore driven into his eyes. The skull was broken in many places; the wrists and ankles were broken whereas the hands */OC • Ho. 1996 P-<;e 2 vrere tvdsted. The perils r,ns cut off, there was an anti-tank shell in the abdomen, the heels cf the feet vrere scorched, the finger nails "ore torn cff, the tonaue and the ears were cut off, all the tody was pierced through with rarrods. I was witness of the ^trocitte.i of the Japanese military clique over our llec' A n y nen and off leers. On the 24th of June, 193Q; a Japanese cavalry squadron and 7 Japanese arnoured cars surrounded a group cf the lied .try Ken of our regiment, The -roup consisted of 13 ~ed ^rr y nen °nd 1 officer. All of then v-ere wounded and taken prisoners by the Japanese in the fighting where the odds were against their, a group, under i:,y cerrand consisting cf 1 battalion t s sent to the place of the fighting "hen the Japanese vrere driven out, we saw the following pie tare: our lied .ray nen 13 in nuuber and one lieutenant that were taken prisoners by the Japanese lay cut to peices in one spot * I have nothing else to state. 1 y testimony has been written down and read to me to which I sign my name. The Military Investigator at the International Filitary Tribunal in Tokyo, Coloael Dolitzl y. CigTTIFI^Tx.; OF T-.A:T5L; TIOII OF THE '.BOVr DQCUTTNT I, BJDOVA, H., hereby certify that I am thoroughly conversant with the Russian English languages; and the above is a correct and. true translation of the iidicated Document. SIG^IATIDE BJDOVA » Doc. No. 1996 Page 3 C T I F I C A T lj I, Lt.Colonel Tnranenko G. I. ...... a member of the military fcrces of the U.S. 3 . I t . , Co here- by certify that affidavit of vitness. O m e l c h e n J ' o e y e - - witness of the Khalhin-Gol river incident of J'arch 1 2 1 9 4 & on 2 pages w\as delivered to re by Colonel Dolitsky. •• - • - - on or about ] larch, 12 , 1946_, and thrt the original of the s~id document r ay be found in I do further certify . -. /s/ Lt. Col. Taranenko ISirr n" ture ~ hcl ra nk.) Tokyo, Japan, June 15 , 1946_. \ Document No. 1997 Page 1. M I N U T E S Of interrogation of witness Moscow, March 11, 1946 I, the Military Interrogator for the USSR in the Interna tion; Military Tribunal in Tokyo, colonel of Judicial corps DOLITSKY, having warned of the responsibility for giving false testimony (as provided) by article 95 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR interro- gated as a witness the undernamed K03ZKV* Vladimir Ivanovich, born in 1910: nas military rank of colonel, at present an instructor of the chair of Artillery of the Frunze Military College in Moscow, Address: Smolensky Boulvar 3/5 fl.49, Moscow who gave following evidence; Since July 19, 1939, till October 22, 1Q39 I, as chief of the staff of an artillery regiment in the rank of captain, was at the Nomangan River battle aiea. When I arrived, stubborn fighting be- tween the Soviet-Mongolian and the; Japanese- troops was going on there. The Soviet and Mongolian troops had the task of clearing the territory of Mongolian People's Republic of Japanese troops whe had penetrated into it„ Remaining all the time on the battle field in immediate vicinity of the Japanese advanced positions, I witnessed atrocities perpetrated by the Japanese military to our Red Army soldiers and officers. So, on August 27, 1939, a part of Mongolian territory in tho vicinity of Peschanaya hill was liberated as a result of our offen- sive operations„ I arrived at that territory together with my scouts to establish a new observation post there. There I saw the corpse of a Red Army soldier, dressed in Red Army uniform, but without a cap. Coming nearer I saw that its nose and. ears w;ire cut off, and. that the corpse was pinned to the earth through th« chest by the bayonets of three Soviet rifles which had broken butts and no locks. On Sentember 2, 1939, in the vicinity of the Zelenaya hill I conducted officer's reconnaissance of sector where the regiment was to be deployed for defense. The sector of Zelenaya hill was a strongly fortified strongpoint of the Japanese and was in their hands till the last daj's of August. Inside this strongpoint there wer<? about 15 corpses of Red Army soldiers and officers (12 of them were Red Army soldiers; and 3 officers). Document No. 1997 Page 2. The corpses were decayed„ Legs and arms of most of the corpses were cut off. The limbs of some of them were lying thereb near the corpses. The limbs of other corpses wore not cut off corn pletely, and moreover, there were traces of innumerable blows in- flicted on the limbs with seme sharp cutting weapon., The skin in some places of the chest of almost all the corpses was cut out, All corpses had a great number of stabs and cut wounds on them. The nature of the wounds excludes all possibilities for then having been received in battle. All th« above said I saw myself. I have nothing more to testify. It is written down and read to me correctly, and to this I sign mj na me. Colonel of the Guards KOBZEY. Military Interrogator of the Prosecution Section of the USSR in the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo Colonel of Judicial Corps. DCLITSKY. CERTIFICATE OF TRANSLATION OF ~'~THL~' AJQVE'DOC OTiSNT I, M. GILDENBLAT, hereby certify that I am thoroughly con- versant with the Russian and English languages; and the above is a correct and true translation of the indicated Document. M. GILDENBLAT C E R T I F I C A T E I, Lt.Colonel Taranenko G.I,, a member of the military fore of the U.S.S.R,, do hereby certify that the attached document - a statement and affidavit of Kobzaev V,D. a participant of the Khalhin-Gol river fighting, of February 11, 1946, was delivered tv me by Dolitsky V,A., colonel of Judicial Corps, on or about March 20, 194-6, and that the original of the said document may be found in I do further certify Tokyo, Jaean June 15, 1Q4I „ /s/ It,. Col, Taranenko (Signature and rank.) r-c No. 1995 Page 1 ^ .< , THE AFFIDAVIT OF TIIE WITNESS (TOIilLIN NIKOLAI IVANOVITCH) larch 12, 1946, Moscow I, Military Investigator for the U.S.S.n. at the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo, Colonel of the Judicial Corps Dolitsky have, with due warning of the responsibility for giving false evidence according to article 95 of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code, examined the under- named as a witness, who stated: I, Torilln Nikolai, Ivanovitch, born 1902 in the Gorky District, in the town of Sornovo, military rank colonel, -t present an instructor of the Frunze Military college address Moscow, Building No. 14, Zubowsky Street flat 124. Not previously undnr trial. In 1939 I was .in the rank of major and the second in com- mand of the 1st A n y Artillery Group in the Battle area of the Khalhin-Gol riv...r. In September 1939 when the active hostilities were over, I was appointed by the Soviet Government to the Committee for exchanging of war-prisoners and delivery of corpses. Personally I received about 60 Soviet war prisoners accord- in • to the list from the Japanese Command. All the prisoners w-. ro extremely exhausted. They could hardly stand on their feet because of their weakness. Their thinness and paleness v/cre striking. Their faces and bodies were bruised and scratched all over. After the prisoners were transferred to me they told me in detail about the brutal treatment of the Japanese authorities. The prisoners had been subject to systematic beating and they had been starved for a long time. In summer 1941 I was President of the 2nd Subcommittee for the frontier demarcation between the Mongolian People's Republic and Manchukuo in the area of battles at the Khalkhin Gol river. Shimormura an official of the Foreign office in Manchukuo was a representative on the Japanese side. Shimomura is a diplomat by profession. Once at our joined meeting at one of the points when we were setting up the frontier, Shimomura said: "In duo time I warned Tokyo that we should not begin this conflict at the Khalkhin-Gol river, as I knew beforehand, that with our strength nothing would come out of this. But Tokyo did not want to. take my opinion into consideration and here are the results". Later on we changed the topics of our conversation. I have nothing else to state. Doc. No. 1995 Page 2 My testimony h~s been written down and read to : , to which I sign my name. Colonel of Judicial Corps, Dolitzky. 5 ex. 28.y CZRTIFIC .T:.. OF T .u". MoLdTIO 7 OF TE , .BOVZ DOCUMENT I, Menshova, hereby certify that I ar. thoroughly conversant with the Russian and English languages; and the above is a correct and true translation of th: indicated document. 3i gnatur e * enshova Doc. Wo. 1995- Page 3 g S :t T I F I C A T E I, Lt. Colonel Tar.oncnko G.I. . a r.enbcr of the r.ilitary forces of the U.S.3.a., do here- by certify th"t nf f idr.vit of_ v;itness Tori 11n, an eye-vi t- ness of the Khalhin-Gol river incident of I^rchJL2A 194fj_ 2_ p.lies_. was delivered to re by Colonel Dolitsky on or about _Tarch 20, 1946, and that the original of the said docunent ray be found in . _ _ _ I do further certify _ /s/ It. Col. Tarnncnko (Signature and rank.) Tokyo, Japan, June 15, 1946. Doc. No. 1999 C. Page 1 E X T R A C T from the Affidavit of defendant ATANO ISATU of October 12, 1945. 7 & /I I plead guilty'that on the day of the outbreak of the war between the Soviet Union and Japan, i.e. on August 9, 1H5, I summoned the chief of the 5th (intelli- gence) section, senior non-commissioned officer BITO and gave him instructions to get in touch with the Province Police and gendarmery Departments, to arrest the Soviet citizens who lived in the town of Hailar and were on the list of the Police Department and take special measures, i.e. to murder them; I gave also instructions to murder the Soviet scouts who were kept under arrest in the police prison. On giving the said order to BITO I left for the fortified area. Later BITO came there to see me and reported that my order had been executed; the Soviet citizens living in the town of Hailar and considered to be suspects had been arrested and murdered. BITO reported that the Soviet scouts under arrest in the police prison had also boon murdered. QUESTION How many Soviet citizens were murdered by your order on August 9, 194-5? ANSWER Neither BITO, nor my 'other participated in the arrest August 9, 1945 reported on murdered Soviet citizens. subordinates who had and murder of the number of the But I can tell the QUESTION ANSWER interrogators the following: There were not fewer than 20 Soviet scouts in the police prison who had been arrested in the period between the end of 1944 and July 194-5. When I was arrested I was shown a ditch in the yard of the Police Department where 43 bodies 1 re buried. So we may say that in the town of Hailar were arrested "nd murdered about 20 Soviet citizens all of them civilians. • Why did you give instructions to murder the Soviet citizens living in the town of Hailar? i In accordance with the order of the Com. anding General of the Kwantung Army the Police Department had to make up a list of Soviet citizens every year. It was being done in case the war between the Soviet Union and Japan broke out. Thus these people had to be murdered when the war broke out. This order was to be put Doc. No. 1999 Page 2 into practice by the Police Department* But on August 9, 1945, considering the situation brought about by th'. Red Army offensive, I took the initiative into r.y own hands and gave instructions to arrest and murder thu Soviet citizens living in the town of Hailar and being suspects on the list of the Police Department. I also gave order to murder the Soviet scouts who we-re being ki.pt in the pelicc prison. Who made up lists of Soviet citizens? Ln" sts of Soviet citizens wuro made up by the special department of Police and Gendarmery. I don't kno\ the names of the people who did it tut it was directed by KABAEAI I OSAMI, chief of the gp^cial Department of Police, SHIMORA YUKIO, Chief of the gendarmery Department. What wore the charges against the Soviet citizcns murdered by your order on August 9, 1945? No concret charges were made against the Soviet citizens arrested and then murdered by my order on August 9, 1945; but in accordance with the order of the Commanding General of the Kwantung Army they ?/ere put on the lists of suspects in case the war between the Soviet Union and Japan broke out, because we thought that during the war these persons might carry on espionage and sabotage directed against the Japanese Army. The original is signed personally by AMANO ISATU in Russian and Japanese, by the interpreter junior lieutenant GORBUNOV who was present at the interrogation, by the Assistant of the Military Prosecution of the Zabaikalye front captain of the Judical Corps Stambulian and by the Senior Interrogator of the "Sm.ersh" Department of the Zabaikalye front YUSUF-ZADE who conducted the interrogation. The extract is correct: THE ZABAIKALYE-AMUR MILITARY DISTRICT, THE MILITARY TRIBUNAL; Senior SECRETARY CIIPTAIN OF THE JUDICIAL CORPS (PURYLIN) CERTIFICATE OF. TRANSITION OF THE EXCERPTS_0F_ THE_AB0VF " ~T7M. GILDENBLAT, hereby certify that I am thorougly conversant '"ith the Russian and English languages; and the above is a correct • ad true translation of the indicated excerpts of the above document. S igna ture M GILDENBLAT QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER Doc. No. 1999 Page 3 C E R T I F I C A T E I, Lt.Colonel Taraneriko G. I. , a r.o: 'ber of the military forces of t'm. U, 3 S.R. , do here- by certify that the attached document - 2 Sentence and a passage copied out of the case on AKANO Isami and others", mas delivered to re by the Military Tribunal of the Zabai- kalye - ,j.ur district. on or about March 20 , 194 6 , and that the original of the said document may be found in the record office of the Zabaikalyo - Amur Military district, I do further certify /s/ Lt. Col. Tarancnko (Si;;;n^ture and rank.) Tokyo, Japan. June, 15, 1946. Lop, Ifoe 1998 MINUTES OF INTERROGATION April 23, 1946. Town of Iman. I, Assistant C^ief of the 5th Section of X Frontier- Guard Detachment of Ministry for Pome Affairs, Captain DIAKONOV interrogated as witness: Surname, name, father's name - NICPOLAI ALEXEEVITCF ROMANOV. Date of Birth - 1904 Place of Birth - town of Gorky. Address - town of Iman, Primorsky region, st. Lazo No. 26. Party membership - Non-party member* Nationality - Russian Citizenship - the U,S.S«R, Passport or any other document - Certificate N 10072 dated 13.1.45 Education - Middle Medical Education. Profession and Speciality - Dentist. Position held by you - in the Active Service Family - wife R01IAN0VA A.A. 1909, housewife, 2 children 15 and 5 years old. Social origin - Son of employee. Social and political activities in the past - Feld no posi- tions by election. Governmental decorations - decorated with an order of the Red Star, a medal of "Victory over Germany" end a medal of "Victory over Japan"« Military and Special rank - Captain of Medical Corps. Service in tT̂ e Army - Serving in the Red Army. Participation in Patriotic War - took part in War against Japan, Wounds or shell-shocks - none Were you on the territory occupied by the enemy - no. Did you take Tonrt In the bands, anti-soviet organizations and revolts (where, when) - no. Were under trial - no. I am aware of the criminal responsibility I bear, for giving false testimony, according, to Article 95 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R. Pa.pe 1 (N. R OLA NOV) Jr 4 / Doco No. 1998 Page 2 TESTIMONY of Captain of Medical Corps - ROMANOV. (continued). QUESTION: You Captain of m/c ROMANOV, since t^e "beginning of hostilities against Imperialistic Japan, were as a medical officer in X Regiment for providing the rear of the Red Army in t ve field and being in the town of Dunnan, visited t^e place of the atrocities perpetrated to Chinese popula- tion by Japanese, Tell what did you find out as a medical officer in the place of execution? ANSWER: On August 19, 1945, being in t*e town of Dunnan in X Regiment, by order of Major Mityaev, Deputy Commander of the Regiment, I accompanied him to the place of massacre of the Chinese popula- tion indicated by Chinese» At about one kilometer South-east of the town suburbs, at a certain distance off the road, at t^e edge of the wood, 22 corpses in different postures among them 2 female corpses, were discovered. One woman, judging by 'aer face, was a European woman; her nationality could not be established. The majority of corpses were half decayed, as t^e weather Kad been very hot, their hands tied behind their backs, some corpses were on their knees with their heads bent to tve ground. The cut wounds were on the necks of the corpses, tie legs of one of female corpses were cut off, on the back of another male corpse, one vertebrae was broken and there were stabbed wounds. As we succeeded in establishing, the people had been murdered by sabring the neck, but tve people were not beheaded at once, only a neck vertebrae was cut and in some cases the vertebrae was slightly cut end the people were alive for a long time after that, dying a long and painful death suffering from thirst and loss of blood. Several corpses were 100-150 meters from the place of execution and were still fresh, which shows that the people were alive for several days, were crawling r̂id ditd recently from hunger and loss of blood. From t^e medical point of view, the methods of murdering of the said people I, as a medical officer, consider to be atrocious. I have nothing more to testify concerning the case all tve notes from my words are correct and are read to me. N. ROMANOV Doc» No. 1998 Interrogated; Assistant Chief of tho 5th Section of X Frontier Guard Detachment of M.F.A. Captain DYIAKONOV. CERTIFICATE OF TRANSLATION OF TH, ABOVE DOC'I INT: I, i . G1LDENBLAT j hereby certify that I am thoroughly conversant with t'ne Russian and English languages; and tVe; above is a correct and true translation of the indicated documentc Sign-"11utc ,/s/ Glldenbla t Dga, No. 1998 Page 4 C E R T I F I C A T L 15 Lts Colonel Taranenko G.T„ a member of t^e military- forces of tve U.SoSoR,; do hereby certify that the attached document "Affidavit of a witness„_Romgnqv N-A, of April 23, 1946"o was delivered zo me by tre PeputF~C>"ief of the Frontier Guard Detachment of the feme Ministry,, "on or about April 26 T 1946 T and that the original" of "the said document may be found in 0 I do further certify 0 / s / Ltc Colo Taranenko (Signature and rank*; Tokyo, Japan June 15, 194' MMfflP W Evidentiary Document No. 5219* I, VX108122, Colonel Edgar Allan GLIFIIN, Director of'Frisoners of War and Internees, Army Headquarters, Melbourne, make oath and say: 1. Now produced and shown to me and marked with the letter 'A' is List. No. 1 of Japanese War Criminals charged under the War Crimes Act 1945 by Australian Military A.thorities and dated 9th A 1 Jl, 194-6. 2. T r ft, 1 c list contains a true and correct record of the Japanese tried by Australian Military Courts up to 2nd. April, 194-6, under the War Crimes Act 194-5? and. regulations thereunder, and of the charges, findings and sentences, as confirmed, awarded respectively by such Courts. 3. The findings and sentences have been confirmed in each case by the appropriate Au^r?lian Military Authority. Sworn this 28th day of May, ) 1946. ) (signed) E. A0 Griffin Before me: (signed) S, "to . Farry (?) Major An officer cf the Australian Military Forces EvidentLary Loc. fto. 521V C }NFID i T I A L Copy No. C h i m S _ThIAL S JiJrAriESEJfliAh CiiIi.IijsL& Ci^C^D Ul-JD̂ k CjJJ ES ACT jl 1Q45, ]TAUSK^XlAl;, hlLIT/lY AUTLOEITIES LILT NO. 1 1. This list covers Japanese, tried by Australian Military Courts, against whom the findings and sentences have been confirmed, and is made up to 2 Apr. 46. I-urther lists will be issued peiiodically. 2. Correspondence regarding this list should be addressed to: - HQ, Alls IJELBOTTKI'IE, AlMThALIA. (Signal address - LAftDFOhCES i-jELEOUhi-E) Dated: 9 April,1946 Exhibit 'A' This is List IVo. 1 of Japanese War Criminals charged under the Vvar Crimes Act, 1945, by Australian Military Authorities, and dated 9th April, 1946, referred to in the affidavit of Colonel Edgar Allan Griffin sworn before me this 28th day of May, 1946 (Sgd) E. W. Ferry Major An offic'r of the Australian EVID5NTIAKY ^ x ? . f / 3LR CRI1.ES TRL'JLS JAPANESE 7AJ* CRIMINALS CH.:.RGFD UNDER THE g^R CRIMES ACT 1945 BY AUSTRALIAN MIIITARY AUTHOR IT 113. LIST No. 1. 1. This list covers Japanese, tried by Australian Military Courts, against -ahem the findings and sentences have been confirmed, and is made up to 2 April 4&« Further lists ra.ll be issued periodically. Rank* Name; Charge (abbreviated)• Finding. Sentence. 1st Lt. TAZAKI, Takehiko S/Maj. Sugino, Tsuruo Guard NAEAYAMi, Hiroji MIURA, Viataru MIYAMOTO, Fumio KUMADA, Norihara MuTSUMOTO, Hideo YOKOYAMA, Nobuo NuNGO, Hiroshi YuMADA, Yoshimasa MAEKAYiA, Harukichi KoNEKD, Masumi Navy I/Cpl YJ-IADA, Tokuichi 1st Pte IGA17A (HC.iI/A), KLchizaemon 1st Pte SASAI, Shinzaburo Massacre near Miri in Sarawak about 10 June 45 killing by shooting and bayonetting about 15 F.Y. I/Cpl H (1) Mutilation of dead Guilty at Soarin No0 1 about 19 July 45* (2) Cannibalism at Guilty Soarin No. 1 about 20 July 45. (1) Massacre of approx. Guilty 3 6 PW near Miri Sarawak 10 June 45 (2) Massacre of approx. Guilty 15 PW near Miri Sarawak 10 June 45 Massacre near Miri in Not guilty Sarawak about 10 June 45 killing by shooting Not guilty and bayonetting about 15 Fti Not guilty " Not guilty » Guilty » Guilty » Guilty " Guilty " Guilty " Guilty • Guilty Imprisonment for 5 years with hard labour Death by shooting Imprisonment for 10 years with hard labour H It » Guilty Guilty Imprisonment for 10 years with hard labour 2. • Rank. 1st Pte 3uard 3/ Maj, Lt. S Pte Pte Lt. Pte. Capt. Name. HIROTOM, -sao Charge (abbreviated), Finding. Sentence. Massacre near Miri in Guilty Ss.rz -ai: about Jo June KJMJCE, Kiyomatsu 45 killing by shooting Guilty and bayonet™ing about 15 P;V. KOIZUMI, Jisaku HODOSHH/L., Namiji HIROT-m Seiiciii K'JLiSHIGE, Masayoshi FUJIK1U.1, Tetsuo HIRAYlMi, Hideo N.JL'iY. J'i., Kenishi K13£MGRu, Terusoshi UldLUFL., Seisumo Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Imprisonment for 10 years with hard labour it i a HID..N0, Yoshiteru (1) Murder cf a New Guinea native about Jan-. 45 at Kunjama (2) Cannibalism at Not guilty Kinjama about Jan. 45 Y-'JCE, Yoshio , Toshio SU3UKC, ilsamasa OICHI, Tuichi T.uT.UL'i,, Seizo PUJIS.ua, Maseo (1) Rape at Massowa Guilty plantation between 31 Oct, 44 and about 15 Dec. 44 (2) Torture cf a Chinese Guilty female at Mass ov/a plantation about 31 Oct. 44 Murder cf a ?",<' at Beo Not guilty in Talaud Is. about 23 March 45 « Guilty « Guilty " Guilty » Guilty Death by hanging MISUIvE, Michialci Murder of F.V at Beo. Talaud Is. about 23 March 45 Guilty- Imprisonment for 5 years Death by shooting Imprisonment for 5 years Death by shooting Rank. S Pte. WO S/Maj. L/Cpl S/Maj. Cpl Capt. Col. Maj. Capt. Capt( Lt. Lt. Lt. Lt. Sgt. Pte • Lt. Maj. Name. GOTO, Siatoro MuTSUMOTO, Toraturo BLiGAKI, Masaku OEAMURA, Rihei INAGAKI, Masaru YJlijDA, Uichi I'llLiSa, Tokio EOEI'I., Shigeru TAMDFLx, Toshio NAKiT.1., Takeo Charge (abbreviated). Pending. Murder of P,7 at Beo Guilty Talaud 7s. about 23 March 45 TorI. ur.'.ng of A Chinese Guilty civilians at RaL>aul about April-June 43 a Not guilty Sentence. Impr is or me nt for 5 ycfr3 Imprisonment for 10 years Murder of a Chinese about Oct. 44 at Masscwa u Murder of RA&F P'»7 in Talaud Is. about March 45 Murder of three RAAF F»7 at Talaud Is. about Feb<•.-March 45 Ill-treatment of PY7 at E.;ching betv;een 15 May 42 and 20 May 45 thereby causing death Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty TAIONO, Motoi OJIMA, Takeo Y&M/iMOTO, Katsuji YABE, Tokuhiro NOMURA, Kbichi UCHINO, Seizo T^NAKA, Takeo YUNOMURA, Fumiwo K-j - ,, 3-.IJ. • --'". : ODAMURA, Toshitake Guilty Guilty Guilty Murder of a P'.7 in Talaud Is. about 23 March 45 Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty n Imprisonment for 2 years Death by hanging Imprisonment for 2 years Death by shooting Death by shooting Imprisonment for 5 years n Death by shooting Death by shooting Imprisonment for 5 years Murder - ordered killing Guilty " of t-.ro RAAF Ptf at Sario on 19 'June 45' Mui'lnr - unlawfully Not guilty ordered killing of 3 « unidentified RAAF at Tomohon about Feb. 45 Rank. Sgt. Capt. Capt. C.I,i.E. Name. HOSCT.u'II, Naogi TmJLJSTJ^, Takuo U.JiJTABE, Genzo N.-G.JiIRO, Masao 4- Charge (abbreviated). Finding. Murder near l^g mile Guilty Sandakan B.N.B. about June 45 of two P*.7 (1) Murder of numerous Guilty unknown F.7 between Sandakan and Ranau B.N.B. between 29 May and 26 June 45 (2) Massacre of about Guilty 33 unkno-i7n PIT near Ranau about 1 Aug. 45 (1) Murder of PIT betweeo&uilty Sandakan and Ranau, B.N.B. between 29 May 45 and 26 June 45 (2) Massacre of about 33 Guilty unknown P',." near Ranau about 1 Aug. 45 Murder of numerous unknown F.7 between Sandakan and Ranau between 29 May 45 and 2 6 June 45 C.M.E. N^Y.JUL, Tamao HIROT.., Ginjiro HIROUCHI, Jiro MEY. Jffi, Tadao SHOJI, Shinsuke YOSHIILJ/A, Tatsukiko FUIOJSHBu, Masao GOTO, Tsuneyoahi MiiTSUB.*, Shokichi TiJEUCHI, Yoshimitsu Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Sentence. Death by shooting Death by hanging Death by shooting Imprisonment for 12 years Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 12 ysars Imprisonment for 8 years Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 12 years Imprisonment for 10 years 5- Rank. Name. Charge (abbreviated), C.M.ij. Rear Adrn. K^GMURii, Shoichi Murder of numerous unknown Ffl between KOMYASHI, Shizuo Sandakan and Ranau between 29 May 45 MAT3UH'», Ken j i S-NAEU, Shigenori 30N2, Takeyoshi T.JGM0T0, Isao mEMURA, Xemburn UTSONQMIYi, Seichi YOKOTii., KLnzo YQSHIMUR.*, Hideo IVLBE, Shigaru H..YA3HILL, Mitsujiro ISHII, Fujio ICJ.VuwJvEC, KLyoshi SUZUKI, Saburo TJKiTA, Kunio Y.'*N-J[, Kenji , Kyoho and 2o June 45 Massacre of approx. 8 Ranau B.N.B. » Comd. T.4K4SAKI, I.iasi- mitsu (Baron) Murder - unlawfully ordered at Tonsealaiaa about June 45 caused to be carried out the lei 1 ling cf one RAJ? and one RAN Pi/ at Sario 11 Fine.in :. Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Not guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Guilty Sentence. Imprisonment for 10 years R Imprisonment for 20 years Imprisonment for 14 years Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 9 years Imprisonment for 9 years Imprisonment for 12 years Imprisonment for 14 years Imprisonment for 10 years Imprisonment for 10 years Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 12 years Imprisonment for 5 years Imprisonment for 15 years Not guilty Rank. Capt< Name i OKADA* Toshiharu HIROTA, Ginjiro HIROUCHI, Jiro MATSUDA, Nobunaga MIYAK2, Tadao MCRIOKA, Teikichi SHOJI, Shinsuke YQSHIKAtfA, Tatsuhiko YOSHIOKA, Shigeo YaSlJXAMA, Eikichi GOTO, Tsuneyoshi Charge (abbreviated)t Murder of 17 PTt near Ranau about 1 Aug. 45 H Finding. Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Massacre of eDeven unknown FIT at Ranau HmSHlRl, KLyoshi B.N.B* about 1 Aug. 45 Guilty KANESHIGE, Yoshio MuSSUBA, Shokichi NISHIKAV/A, Moriji TAKEUCHI, Yoshimitsu TOYOQKA, Ei jiro TOMIYAMA, Shintaro K'iTO, Kikachiro Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Sentence. Imprisonment for LIFE 15 years Imprisonment for LIFE 10 years 8 years 20 years 15 years 15 years 15 years 15 years 12 years 20 years 15 years 20 years 15 years MDROZUMI, Hisao FUKUDA, Nobuo GOTO, Yoshitaro HIROTA, Nobuo IKEDA, Yoshio Murder of a P1V between Guilty 10 March and 20 March 45 at Kaparapoka, Dutch New Guinea Massacre of about 2 3 Guilty unknown P',V near Sandakan B.N.B. about 13 July 45 " Not guilty Death by shooting Imprisonment for LIFE Guilty Not guilty Guilty Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 15 years Rank. S/Maj. Lt.-Col. Sgt. S/Maj. Navy »Vorkman Name. MATSUDA, Takee 7. Charge (abbreviated). rinding. Massacre of about 23 Guilty unknown P\V near Sanda- kan B. N,.2. about Sentence^ Imprisonment for .13 years NAGATA, Shinichi 13 July 45 Guilty 12 years NXSHIKAi/A, Yoshinori » Guilty 12 years TOYODA, Mokich.i n Guilty 12 years YaNAGAV/A, Hideo t Guilty 15 years YiNAGAJA, Shigemori H Not guilty BEPHJ, Yoichi Massacre of 5 unknown Guilty 15 years F./ near Ranau B.N.B. HASHIMOTO, Masao about 1 Aug. 45 Guilty 15 years KA'iAEAMI, Ifiyoshi n Guilty 15 years NAGAHIRO, Masao Guilty 15 years NAKAYaMl, Tamao • Not guilty OY&MA, Tatsuo n Not guilty YAMJMOTO, Jiro a Guilty 10 years K0MDRA, Takewo Murder - unlawfully Guilty Death by OKADA, Tomiyoshi HONDO, Kazuma KIKAV/A, Haruo ordered at Manado about Jan-Feb 45 the killing at Beo on 23 March 45 of three RAAF F.7. Murder of two RAAF F7 Guilty about Aug. 45 at Kaaten shooting Death by shoo ting (1) Murder at Tobera about Aug. 45 of To Cut., To Marag, To Edlin (2) Murder at Tobera about Aug. 45 To Uravagi, To Yargil Not guilty Guilty Guilty Death by hanging Rank. Name. Charge (abbreviated). Finding. Sentence. Capt. HOSHIJB.'Li, Susumu Cpl. Sgt. S/LIaj, Sgt. S/Maj. S/Iviaj. Capt. Lt. Sgt • BABA, Hidetoshi SOIvlii, Takesaburo ICHIIASHI, Sliigeo S.'iS. JCtPu., Rinji MORIMOTO, Etyomitsu MA5HAIA, Chikara MDRAEA'iMI, Hiroshi FmiKAWA, Teizo Ill-treatment of P'tf at Sandakan (l)Authorised Guilty and permitted close confinement and cruel beatings of P./ whereby certain P17 died. (2.) Authorised and Guilty permitted torture and cruel beatings by soldiers under his command (3) Failed to Guilty provide proper medical care and food for P'J (4) Authorised and Guilty permitted sick and underfed PVi to be emp- loyed on heavy manual labour Murder at Tomohon about Not guilty July-Aug. 45 RAAF FJ. Murder at Kakaskasen, Nth Celebes, of 3 RAAF F.7 about 5 March 45 Guilty Guilty Guilty ABE, i'Ĵ ahisa TAG.il, Torazo i)eath by hanging Murder at Kaaten about Guilty .lug. 45 "two RAAF P17. Torturing a civilian, Not guilty Seeto Fai at Ralabang about March 43 111 treating a P.7 menbevliot guilty of RAAF at Kaoe, Halmahera Is. in Jan.45- Torturing a civilian, Guilty Father J. Mayrhofer about Nov. 43 "to Jan. 44 -Assaulted Henry Berger Not guilty near UIAMONA and TQRIU about March 44 Torturing civilians (1) At Ramali about 10 Guilty ) Feb. 45 (2) At Ramali Guilty ) about March 45 (3) At Guilty ) Ramali about Aug. 45 ) (4 ) -it Bitagalip about Guilty ) April 45 Imprisonment for 6 years 6 years 3 years Death by shooting Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 10 years .ianic. Far. ~. Charge (abbreviated)* S/Ma j. Sgt. Sgt. Lt (1) Lt.(l) Guard Guard HAYASHI, Yoshinori Ill-treatment F.I at Sandakan. B.N.B. between Octo 42 and June 45 KITAMORA, Kotaro " EIYOSHIMA, Tadeo • IOTADA, Yoshihiko Torturing civilians - (1) At Ramali about 10 Feb, 45 (2) At Ramali about March 45 (3) At Ramali about Aug. 45 (ij) At Bigagalip about April 45 SHOJI, Kuraji MATSUTAEA, lihtsushi K0G0, Shigeru A3AKUSA, Eatsuji INAGAEE, Tetsuo KDBO, Akihiko NAGAT-j. , Tomio (alias KYOGAVJA) KYOSE, Norisulce LLT3UDA, Takeishi OICIJ.IOTO, Meimei ISHIM0T0, Yoshio TSUDA, Seiji EUJIM0T0, Yoshio TAGAV.A, Nobuyuki SUZUKI, Noboru YaSUMCTO, Yoshio HAYAKA, Takeo MaTSUBA, Bui chi ISHII, Hideo TAKAMORA, Shoji Ill-treatment FJ & I at Kuching bo+.ween 15 May 42 and 1.2 Sept. 45 ti Finding. Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty ) Guilty ) Guilty ) ) Guilty ) Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Sentence. Imprisonment for 15 years Imprisonment for 10 years Imprisonment for 1 year 7 years 20 years 15 years 10 years LIFE 15 years 10 years 15 years 15 years 15 years 10 years 3 years 10 years 15 years 20 years 10 years 7 years 15 years 10 years Rank. Guard Guard » n • a Cpl. S/l'iaj. Guard * Name. TCKDDA, Masatake ME5IBAYASHI, Takeo TAKAIil, Tsuneo ICEMJR.., Seijiro NAGAYGSHI, Seiichi KiAIAIIlRA, Eat suo K'iKSKO, Shigemori II.i.GA./A, Masamune KATO, Tadao FUJIMJRA, Shigeru TAIK.ii, Shigematsu KOBAYASHI, Teruo NAG4MIRA, 3iki ILA'Ji'M Siji CKOBAYASHI, Takemitsu FUJITA, Yoshio TOMIBAYASHI, Teruo TOSHIBA, Koichi 0K2I0T0, Shozo SIGIYAMA, Seiichi ICOHS, Yasushi SHIMIZU, Eanzi TAIC3DA, Jiro OK/iMCIRA, Yoshiaki FUKD5HIMA, Eanji 10. Charge (abbreviated.). Ill-treatment of PT7 & I at Kuching between 15 Uay 42 and 12 Sept. 45 Finding. Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Guilty Not guilty Not guilty Not guilty Sentence. 15 years 10 years 5 years 15 years 3 years 10 years 15 years 12 years 15 years 10 years 5 years 12 years 7 years 7 years 15 years 3 years 3 years 7 years 3 years 10 years 10 years 7 years Ivlaj.-Gen. UNDO, Shinichi Neglecting to ensure Guilty 5 years proper treatment of PY« in Northern Celebes whereby RAAF RV were killed between Dec. 44 ana Sept. 45* \ Document No. 10-B-l Page No, 1 "JO" 3, "FVTHJ", "GO" No. 53 Jar. 13, Phorfe 17/194-2/ Vicc-Minister of 1?:ar t Vice-Ministcr of the Navy Vice—i.'.inistcr of Home A?'sirs Matter Concerning Transmission of the Notes from the American Government with regard to the adherence to the Provisions of the Intornrtional Treaty and the Red Cross Treaty of July 27, 1929, regarding Treatment of Prisoners of '-iar. Concerning the above, the Swiss Minister in Tokyo has s ̂ t us a note ss per separate copy, which is enclosed hero-ith. Your opinion thereof will be appreciated. This message addressed to: Vice-minister of '"ar, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Vice-Minister of the Navy, Vice-Minister of Homo /-ffairs A copy of note enclosed uoc. Wo. 10 3 . 1, 10 S 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 0 3J R T I F I C A T i ! TV. B •» J O ' • I • P • D . i\' O . Statement of Source and Authenticity I, HAYAS?II, ICaoru hereby certify that I am officially conaect.cct "Tth the Japanese Gover iment in the following capacity: Chief, Archives Section that as such official I h-ve custody of R̂e"'3ccuriieht hereto attached consisting of 3/2? pages, dated 12 Feb,, 1944, n d described as follors: Transmittal of Americon"^verrmient [s Protest j;;ith regard to the'Treatment of "Prisoners" of Mar and_ Civilian Internees in the " Area" under' the Japanese ""jurisdiction/" I further certify tha't "tho'"atta.chod record and document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the- file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office. Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day of December, 1946. /s/ K. Hay^shi "" ' Sighaturre of Official SEAL Chief Archives Section OTficial Capacity Doc. No. 10 M 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 g u R T I F _ I C A T r; "r.D.C. No. I.P.3. No. Statement of Source and Authenticity I, HAYASHI^ Kaoru hereby certify that I am officially connecteel rTcFi the'Japanese Government in the following capacity: Chief, Archives Section and that as such official I have custody or the document hereto attached consisting of 21 pages, dated. 19 , and described as follows: Noises from the American Government •"itn regard to the Application of tho_" Terms of "the'Geneva Convention of the Treatment of Prisoners of Vrar. "I furtHer cerViTy that' tlie attacned record arid document is a.i official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the followin named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT~Pecember, 1946. \ Witness: /s/ Nagaha.ru Odo /s/ K. Hayashi Signature e? Official SE Chief, Archives Section Official Capacity Doc. Wo. 10 :: 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 E ?, 10 B 3 :C H 1 I F I C A T E "T 11 ' Hn. n J_> « J t, : . . -r t" . i " I • r . o. i.o. Statement _of Source -nd Authenticity I, HAYASIIIj. Faqru heroby cert fv that I nm officially connected ;vft,n' the "Japanese Gover ii-ent in the following capacity: _Ch:ief. Ar -fiiv s Section, Jh jv-q^se Foreign Office and that as such* of f iciaT * I" have "custody of" the document hereto attached consisting of_6_pagos, dated 25 April 194-5, and described a.3 follows: Frotest from the American Govern- moat -'ith re.;ard to the trvrTmcht'"of"Prisoners of '.'ar. I "further *c: rtify "that" the " utached' ruc'ofd'Aand"'ddcur.;ent is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying -lso the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of_the regular location of the doc line: t in the archive s or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT December, 1°46. /s/ K. ilay-shi - SEAL * - Sian-ture of Official I Witness: /s/ Na^a.haru Odo Chief Archives Section Official Capacity Document No. 10-B-2 Page No. 1 "JO" 3, "FTJTfU" No. 5 Jan. 21, Shora 17/1942/ Vicc-Ministcr of Overseas Affairs Matter Concerning Transmission of the Notes from the /.merican Covcrnment • ith regard to the International Treaty of July 27, 1929, rcgt.rd.ing Treatment of Prisoners of ar. Concerning the above, the Sriss Minister ir Tokyo, representative of .AMERICA!"1 interests, has sent us a note, as per separate copy, enclosed herewith. e would grectly appreciate your opinion concerning the policy of treft'-nont of overseas non-combatant internees of the enemy countries. Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs „ _ C J L , 5 ^ • ip B 2, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 3 >• i 2 Z ft T I ' F i '3 A T 3tr>t .it of Source and Authenticity I, KAYA3KT. Kaoru hereby certify that I am officially connected ' -fth the Japanese Government in the following capacity: Chief, Archives Section n.nd that as such official I h-'Ve custody of ^he "clocwoent hereto attached consisting of 3/27 pages, dated 12 Feb., 1944, rid described as follows: Transmittal of American Governme"it's Protest vm th regard to the'''Treatme'rit of '"Prisoners" ofjJZr ancl_"Civilian "internees In" tTTe ' Area' under" the" Japane s"e" furisdiction.."" I 'further certify that"the""attached "record and document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also tie file number or citation, if -my, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document In the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office. /s/ F. Hayashi Signaturre of Official SEAL Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oFTSccember, 1946. Chief Archives Section OTficlal Capacity Doc. No. 10 M 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 C U a T I F I G A T I'j "r. D.C. No. I.P.S. No. Statement of Source and Authenticity I, HAYA3HI, Eaoru hereby certify that I am officially connect eel "fith the Japanese Government in the following capacity: Chief, Archives Section and that as such official I have custody" oT"the document hereto attached consisting of _21_ pages, dated 19 , and described as follows: Notes from the American Government ^ith regard to the Application of the'Terms of the Geneva Convention of the Treatment"" of Prisoners of _ V:ar. _ I further certify that'"the"at'tacned record- and document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT December, 1946. Witness: /s/ Nagaha.ru Odo /s/JL . Hayashi Signature PT Official SEAL Chief, Archives Section Official Capacity JV-ocs. No. 10 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 E 2, 10 B 3 C E R T I F I C A T E 7.D.C, No. I. P.3. No. Stat(>iurnt of_ Source and Authenticity 15 HAYA3III, Faoru hereby certify that I am officially connected "with the "Japanese Gover .ment in the following capacity: Chiefa Archives Section, Joprnose Foreign Office and that as "such offfciaT I have "custody "of" the "document" hereto attached consisting of 6_pagcs, dated 25 April 194-5> and described as follo-s: Frotust from the Ar^rican Govern- ment -'ith _re.-Td to the treatment "oT'Prisonors ofJ\'ar. I further c< rti'fy "that the 'attached' record"arid' document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any,"or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day of December, 1946. Witness: /s/ Na ;ah;y-u Odo / s/ E. hayashi SEAL 3i mixture of Official Chiof Archives Section Official Capacity js. Document No. 10-B-3 Page No. 1 "JO" 3, "FUTSU" No. 17 Jan. 13, Showa 17/1942/ > ^resident of the JAPAN Red Cross Society n Matters Concerning Transmission of the Notes from the American Government with regard to the adherence to the Provisions of the International Treaty and the Red Cross Treaty of July 27, 1929, regarding Treatment of Prisoners of War. Concerning the above, we have received, from the Swiss Minister in Tokyo, a note, as per separate copy which is enclosed herewith for your information. Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs. yi! M- t it' : i, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 C .1 R T I F I_C A T jJ ' B.C. No... o D - ^ •» V Statement of Source end Authenticity I, KAYASHI, Kaoru hereby certify that 1 am officially connected '-"ith the Japanese Government in the following capacity: Chief, Archives' Section and that as such official I h.-ve custody or" Ifhe "cTccuiient "hereto attached consisting of 3/27 pages, dated 12 Feb., 1944, aid described as follows: Transmittal of Amer_icaji ^ov^nr. entj SJProtest _i'i_th regard to ?Re"Treht'merit "of "prisoners'" of JAar "arid "Jivilinn Jnterneesln the Area'under" the Japanese "jurisdiction.. I further certify t'riatT the'"attached "record and document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also tee file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files); Japanese Foreign Off ice. Signed at Tokyo on this 5?th d?.v'omember, 1946. /s/ r. Hny»shi "Si-na-curre of Official SEAL Witness: /s/ Naraharu Odo Chief Archives Section. oTfieial Capacity Doc. No. 10 M 1, 10 S 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 C L R T I F I C A T IJ "'.B.C. No. I.P.S. No. Statement of Sourceand Authenticity I, HAYAoHT, ICaoru hereby certify that I am officially connected with the Japanese Gover.ament in the following capacity; Chief, Archives Section and that as such official I h^ve custody of the" document hereto attached consisting of 21_ pages, dated , 19 , and described as follows: Notes from_the American Govemment r~ith regard to the Application of the" Terms of the Geneva Convention of the treatment of Prisoners of T'?ar, __ _ "I further certify that""the"'attached record arid document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT~"December, 1946. Witness: /s/ Nagaha.ru Odo /s/ II. _ Hayashi SignatureT? Official SEAL Chief, Archives Section Official Capacity Doc. No. 10 M 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 C E R T I F I C A T E ,1T.D.C. No. I. P. 3. No. " Statement _of Source and Authenticity I, KAYASHI4 Kaoru hereby cert fy that I nm officially connected' "'itn>Jic""Japanese Gcver-ircent in the following capacity: Chief. Archives Section^ Japanese Foreign Office and that as "such'bf ficial "T have"'"custody of the document hereto attached eonsistjng of 6 pages, dated 25 April 194-5, and described as folic s: protest from the American Govern- ment j-ith regard to the treatment" of"Prisoners oi '?ar.~ I further certify "that the attached' record" arid' "ddcuh'.ent is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files); Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT December, 194-6. /s/ IC. Ilayashi SEAL Signature of Official Witness: /s/ Nagaha.ru Odo Chief Archives Section Official Capacity No. 10-k-l 7 - Page 1 "Kyo Fi Go" No. 93 12 February 194-4 Tbe Vice-Hinister of Foreign Office CI itf of P.O.1;.'. (Information) Bureau: Transmittal of the American Govern- ment's Protest with regard to the Treatment of Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees under Japanese Jurisdiction. Inasuucb as tbc Swiss Minister in Tokyo, stating tva.t be was acting on instructions from bis borne government, recently presented tbc Imperial Government witb tbe American Government's protest, as per tbc enclosed copy, 1-hereby send you tvis togetver witb t^e informal translation cf tbc above'. Re counter-measures to meet t^is protest, I wis'" to confcr witb ycu later and in tbe meantime will you kindly investigate tbc particulars concerned with your bureau. Concerning a letter wvicb was cited at tvc beginning of tvc Swiss Minister's letter relating to tvis matter, kindly refer to my telegrams "Kyo Fi Go" No. 25 dated 15 January last year, and "Kyo vi Go" No. 229 dated 27 I.arcb, tuc same year. TTis letter addressed to: Tbe Ministers of far, Navy, Feme. Affairs, Justice, Greater Asia, and t'-c C>ie.f of P.CMJ. Inforr.ati on Burcau. Ivo. 10 1, *10 S 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 R T A T No. Stat; movit of Sourcc and Authenticity I, HAYA5KI. Kaoru hereby certify that I am officially connected "ith the Japanese Government in the following capacity: Chief, Archives Section a ad that as such official I have custody oi ĥ.e"'cTccuioeht hereto attached consisting of 3/27 pages', dated 12 Feb., 1944, and described as follows: Transmittal of American 'Government's Protest v,lth regard to Ĥie"~'Tre7atken| of "PrTsoners" of" v"ar a"nd_"'Civilian Internees in tFe "Area' under" the" Japanese '"-jurisdiction."" I "further certify that the attached record and document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office. Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day of December, 1946. /s/ F. Hayashi " Signaturre of Official SEAL Witness: /s/ Nagaharu Odo Ohief Archives Section OTficial Capacity Doc. No. 10 M 1, 10 S 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 g S R T I F _ I C A T B " D . C. No. I.P,S. No. Statement of Source and Authenticity I, HAYA3HT, Ilaoru hereby certify that I am officially connected t'l'th' "the 'Japanese Government in the following capacity: _Ciiief, Archives Sect;ion and that as such official I h^ve custody of'The document hereto attached consisting of _21_ pages, dated 19 , and described as follows: Notes from the American Government r-jth regard to the Application of' the Terias of the- Geneva Convention of the treatment oT Prisoners of '':ar; I further certify thai"the" attached record" arid document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 27th day oT December, 1946. Witness: /s/ Nagaharu Odo /s/ II. _ Hay as hi Signature Tf Official SEAL Chief, Archives Section Official Capacity Doc. No. 10 1: 1, 10 3 1, 10 B 1, 10 B 2, 10 B 3 0 ; R T I F I C A T E No. I.P.3. No. Statement _of Source and Authenticity I, HAYASIII^ Faoru hereby certJfy that I am officially connected vith the "t pane so Government in the following capacity: _Chiof. Archives Section, Japanese Foreign Office and that as "sue'1 "officiaT "I" have "custody" of" the document hereto attached consisting of_6_pages, dated 25 April 194-5, and described as follows: otust from the Ar - ncan Govern- ment *-ith re.;ard to the treatment ~6T" Prisoners" of War. ~ I further c" rtify "that the 'attached ' record aha" document is an official document of the Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location cf the document in the archives or files): Japanese Foreign Office Signed at Tokyo on this 2?th day of December, 1046. /s/ K. ilay-shi - S:.-AL Signature of Official Witness: /s/ Na^aharu Qdo Chief Archives Section Official Capacity INTERNATIONAL PROSECUTION SECTION DOCUkENT PBOCESSIIG- UNIT 14 January 19 DOCUMENT PROCESSING NOTICE C O R R E C T I O N In lines 3 and 4, cn page 6 of the mimeographed copy pf the English translation of IPS Document 2955, two dots forming pari; of certain Chinese characters given for comparison have not been out in the vacant spaces. Line K of the -oage should read, "are generally shaped * . " Line 4 of the oage should read, "questioned letter are in the form of ) " 3cc. No. 2955 ?r-rc 1 /. K1.P0HT ON TTT STUDY OF PU-YI'S R'.NDV/EITING I. II. Purpose rf the Study - Y/bether the sc- calJcd Enpcrcr Fsurn Tung's letter tc General I'lnn i dated the first clrv rf tvc nint*- r.ron In r." e yoer ''Psirv'Vui" ( * % & 1931) is in Pu-ii's hrndv/ritingv Findings of tve Study - Tve sr-called Er perer ^suan Tung:a letter t.c General Linani dated.tve first dry of tse nintv rwc n in the year " sin- T -;-r , 1931) is NOT in Pu-Yi's Vpndvriting, « e 1 i ( III. Picas ns supprrtin; t>e Findings - /See photostats at end of dccui.cnt representing papers It"1 5./ Paper 1, t . 29 55 Pa -:e 2 Paper 2 r i i i. Paper 3 i { I No. 2955 Page 3 Paper 4 ( i Paper 5 0OC. No. 2955 Page 4 On the afternoon of 29 /ufust 1946, in the presence of tve representatives of the International Military- Tribunal for tve Far Last, the Internatienal Prosecution Section and the Defense together with the handwriting experts chosen by the prosecution and the defense respectively, Pu-Yi made specimens of his handwriting on tvree sheets of paper, Th-, re arc 123 Chinese character.' on the the first sect nc sheet s -eot 17 c^aracters^, characters on the tPird ŝ eê t (Pa per "3)*' Fi,^e^characters~v/tic?"Pu-Yi wrote on the first and the second svects of p"per (Papers 1 and 2) were characters taken froi the so-c~lled Lnperer Fsuan Tung's letter to General Minrni dated the first day of tve nintv noon in tve year "Fsin-Wei" (that is, the 20th year cf the Republic of China, . namely, tve year 1931)« As these characters were selected at random and nrt word for word, the following 37 characters found in the said questioned letter were net written by Pu-Yi in our presence: v; 'JCL (Ch'u) t-S(Ts'o) 4--\ (Shih) (Tang) Tu. (Shen) (Min) Vh-(Tzu) (Cv fien) - , (Fuang) (Shih) iO (Chi?) i'iS (Ting) (Chiao)^(Shou) fit. (Fu) MJ (Szu) S- (Chun) 5 (Ch'en) (Jen) ill 77: (T'an) n (Ch'uan)J| (Jang) it J X (^an) (Tsu) & (Chi) | (Cheh) | M* (Ch'e) /k (Ti) & (Ch'ih) f^(^uo) (Tang) '<7 (Fsing) (Y^) ef(shiv) 'th (Chu) % (To) f Pu-Yi wrote tvc characters ;'r (Pu) in Cvinese, which are not found in 'l-'rt (Yi), his signatur( the questioned letter. The t^ird sheet of paper (Paper 3) contains Pu-Yi's handwriting of characters taken from what is supposedly written by TJis M? je-sty Er peror ^suan Tung on a fan belonging to Johnston, his tutor. On this sveet of paper the two characters . ^ (Yee) and ^ (Chin) are erroneously copied for (Tsao) and (Ling), the latter two characters appearing on the above mentioned fan. The two characters (Nan) and (Fci) which Pu-Yi wrote in his specimen handwriting are n't found on the said fan. On t \ other hand. t,:t following 12 characters on tve fan wore not written by Pu-Yi in M s specimen handwriting: j'S (Keng) (Wei) (V/u) % (Fsia) (Chih) (Tac) £rp (Yueh) (Szu) t'TJ 1 f (Ch'u) J\ & (Fx iK (Yi) found (Fu) in Pu-Yi's I Cs- The two characters ;fj- (Pu) _ specimen handwriting on the third sheet of paper do not appear on the fan. * D.'C. Ho. <2955 Page 5 Upon comparing Pu-Yi's handwriting found in Papers 1, 2 and 3 (see photographic copy) with the handwriting found in Paper 4 which is the photo,graphic reproduction of the questioned letter, I have found t'.sfc the so-called Emperor Hsuan Tung's letter to General Minani dated th'o first day of the ninth noon of the year "Hsir.-Mei" is definitely s. forgery and is certainly not in Pu-Yi's handwriting. The reasons are as follows: 1. Spirit and Air in the Handwriting - Any one with an elementary knowledge of penmanship can readily tell that those two sets of writings are not from the sane hand just "by comparing the handwriting four.d in P per 4 with the handwriting found in Papers 1, 2 and 3. Pu-Yi's handwriting as shown in Papers 1, 2 and 3, is plump and stiff in general appearance while the hendwritinr in Pep or 4 is soft and thin. The one is clunsy while the other is nimble. The one is heavy and stead?' while, the. other is air:- and flighty. 2- Style of the Handwriting - The style of handwritins used in the so-called "rtperor Hsuan Tung's letter to General Minami dated the first day of the ninth moon in the year "Hsin-¥ei" (1931) is commonly known as the "intermediate stylo1' and the style used by Pu-Yi is his specimen hand- writing in Papers 1, 2 and 3 is commonly known as the "square -tyle". 'The. fact t/at the one is in the "intermediate styi; • e-a.d tie other is in the "square style" does not prevent an adequate comparison for the purpose of determining the genuineness of the questioned letter; however, for the purpose of further comparison we requested Pu-Yi while writing in our presence on the afternoon of 29 August 1946 to write also in the "intermediate style". Pu-Yi replied that he was unable to comply with our request as he could not write in the "intermediate style". But we kept on urging him and he finally complied with our request by trying to write in the "intermediate style1' and the "running or cursive style". The result w^s that although the following Chinese characters H (Mou) -Vf (Hien) (Tsai) (Chiu) ̂ (Yu) ̂ (T'su) % (Van) (JTei ) pf[ (So) J, (Tung) (Ya) >_(Chih) § (Sung) W (Su) ty (Shih) ft (Fa) (Chunc^Wu) M (Hing) 0 (Srh) (Yen) (Chen) (Heng)^ (Yeh) etc. found in the 6th, 7th, 9th and 10th lines of Paper 1 are something between the "intermediate style" and "running or cursivc style", they ere so poor that it is evident that the handwriting as photographically reproduced in Paper 4 is by a different hand. In general,Pu-Yi,in his bettor days, must heve put some effort in 1oaring to write both sms.ll and large characters in 'the "square style" as shewn in Pacer 3. He is definitely weak in the "intermediate style" of penmanship. 3. Strokes in the Handwriting - The dots in Pu-Yi's hand- writing forming a pert of the following Chinese characters: Dec. Nc. 2955 Page 6 ^ (Pien) y£f (Fu) ^ (Yi) ^ (Wen) (Shih) ^f(Chi) Ĵ . (Ning) If (Ch'iung) ^ (Hsin) etc. are generally shaped . But the dots appearing in the questioned letter are in the fcrm^cf . The fcur 7 Chinese characters j> (Chih) (Yuan) (Ta) (Tu) written by Pu-Yi are entirely different from ""those fcundv in the said questioned letter. The left component part ""IT (Yen) cf the character g|I_ (Hcu) in Pu-Yi1s handwriting is also greatly different from the "if (Yen) of (Jailg) and !!". (I'lou) appearing in the said letter. 4. Character fj (Chang) - Pu-Yi wrote ff" (Chang Ai) which appear in the said letter as zIf* (Chang Ai). The mistake in the left component part of this one Chinese character in the said questioned letter not only proves that the letter is a forgery but also betrays the fact that it was net written by a Chinese. 5. Ncte and Signature If /f f" (Cheng Hsiao-Shu) - In the lower left corner of the paper marked 4 bearing the photograph reproaiicticn of the so-called Emperor Hsuan Tung's letter to General Minami dated the first day of the ninth noon in the ye "Hsin-Wei" (1931) is found a note consisting cf the following 14 Chinese characters: ^ (Chin) J£ (Shang) ^ (Yu) & (Pi) "|/J"< (Cheng) ^r (Hsiao) ^ (Shu) f (Chia\ fa (Erh) (Yueh) . (Erh) iLf(Shih) 13 (Jih) (Translator's Note: The meaning ef the said note is as follows:- This is the present Emperor's Hand- writing, Cheng Hsiao-Shi;, the 20th day cf the second moon in the year "Chia-Si", namely, 1934.) In connection with Cheng Hsiao-Shu's note and signature, the absence cf certain indispensable words absolutely required by convention and court usrge; such as the character Jv (Chen, meaning "Ministerial Servant") abeve Cheng Hsiao-Shu's name and the characters ffi (Chin Tih, meaning "respectfully noted by") attached to his name; reveals the forgery of the document. For the aforegoing reasons, I have come tc the conclusion that the so-called Emperor Hsuan Tung's letter tc General Minami dated the first day cf the ninth mccn in the year "Hsin-wei" (1931) is NOT in Pu-Yi's handwriting. IV. Corollary - Apoit from the main result cf the study stated abeve, the sub-findings are given as follows: 1. The so-called His Majesty Emperor Hsuan Tung's handwriting on the fan belonging tc Johnston, his tutor (Page 5) is not in Pu-Yi's handwriting. No, 2955 Page 7 The handwriting in the so-called Enperor Fsuan Tung's letter to General Minani dated.the first day of the ninth neon in t^e year "Hsin-V/ei" ( % rk, 193D and the so-called ^Tis Majesty Enperor Hsuan Tung's handwriting on the fan belonging to Johnston, M s tutor, are net written by V- e sane person,, The handwriting on the fan as shown in Paper 5? being different fron Pu-Yi's handwriting as shown in Papers 1, 2 and 3, is also different fren the handwriting in t K so-called Enperor Fsuan Tung's letter to General Minani dated tve first day of the ninth noon in tve year "Fsin-Wei" in all respects, such as spirit, style, strokes and so fort>-„ Suffice it ta> say that even a person with but an elementary knowledge of penmanship can readily tell the difference between tve handwriting on the fan and the handwriting in t^e questioned letter„ Report on Fandwritinr rac.'e by Chang Feng-Chu (signed) Formerly, Professor of Chinese Literature, National Peking University Formerly, Lectyrer on Chinese Literature, . Institut des Faut.es Etudes C>inois TJniversite de Paris At present, Member of the Cenrittee on Educational Research, Ministry of Education, Nanking Concurrently, Cultural Expert of the Crinese Mission in Japan, Tokyo Tokyo, Janan On tve 10th dav of December in the 35th year of tve Republic of China (1946) a ^ A & # 1 t % * B 5 ^ « l i a b M -ft t , ^ ^ L t f * v * a- ft J & 5 ^ PAPIHl 4 7 THE A l ' T H O R BY THE EMPEROR WITH AUTOGRAPH COPY OF A CHINESE POEM OF FAREWELL PAPER 5 i-J C i J J O Page 1 Minutes of the Third Trial Defendants: OKAWA, Shunei TOY/dli, T'idezo F01TA, Kenichiro YAMAMOTO, Sadayoshi *NAKAZAWA, Torn YOSFIOKA, Nobutaka With regard to the case of the defendant OKAWA. Shunei, in violation^of the Explosives Control let and for the offenses of murder and attempted murder; t^e case of the defendants TOYAMA, Fidezo and FOMMA, Kenichiro in violation of the Explosives Control Act and for the offenses of murder and attempted murder and empty threat; and the cases of the defendants YAMAI 0T0, Sadayoshi, KAKAZAWA, Toru and YOSFIOKA, Nobutaka for an offense of empty threat: YOSFIDA, Tsune;'iro, Chief Justice INADA, ICaoru, Judge YA];AGUCTTI, Taniji, Judge IStrIDA ? Kazuto, Ee-s^rve Judge SASFIDE, Eokuro, Court Clerk OKADA, Nroie, Court Clerk appeared and opened tve trials in the Third Criminal Department of t^c Tokyo Court of Appeal on the 12th day of September in the 9th year of Showa Era (1934) in the prescnce of IIZAWA, Takashi, Prosecutor. The defendants were not placr I under bodily restraint in the court. The below-mentioned counsels for the defense were pre sent: OFAEA, Shinichi ITO, Kiyosui FAIIAI, Tadasvi FAYASFI, It sure TSUNODA, Tomoyoshi FUKUDA, Torakane KIYOSE, Icviro UTSUNOMIYA, YosMhisa DiAMUEA, Eikisa buro TEE/.SAKI, Katsuji ITO, Yosuke KANA IS^I, Krzuro YAMADA, Fanzo AWATA, Firoshi OFT/ , Kozo OKUYI.il/ , Fachirc Doc. No. 1908-B page 2 (The Chief Justice announced th-.t the trial mill begin continuation of the last and questioned the defendant, A, Sir;-02 as follows:) K°ve ycu ever had a penal punishment? No. '.That about your family relation ? I have only a mother and a rife. My mother is living in the country in YAKAGATA Profectiire r/ith my younger brother. •"Th~t is your educational background? On July, 44th year of Meiji Era (1911) I graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University Literary Department, majorin in philosophyc Mas it the 14th year of the Taisho Era (1925) that you got your degree of Doctor of Lavs? I believe it mas in the 13th year of the Taisho Era (1924) but I'm not quite sure mhich is right. Tell me your personal history in general after your gradua tion from the university. For 7 or 8 years after I graduated from university, I did not jet steady T'rork; but by earning enough money to study by translating or mriting, I continued my studies. Then in the 8th year of the Taisho Era (1919) I becam~ an employee of the South Manchuria Railway Company, and until the 6th of Shcva Era (1931) I continued the_rTork of the Eat~ Aoia Research Institute (TOA KEIZAI CHOSA KYQKU)«. Micjii, in the same year, the above mentioned institute became independent of the South Llanchurian Railway Company and nas turned into a foundation, I a/as appointed the first chairman of the Board of Directors, mhich post I continued to hold until I vras arrested in this case on the 7th year or the Shoma Era (1932). At th-.t time you became a member of the- South Manchuria Railway Company in the 8th year of the Shorra Era (1919), "ere you the Chief of the Investigation Section of the East Asia Research Institute? Yes, I x-.ra.s-. But at that time that position T'ras called the Chief of the editional section. Doc. No. 1908-3 3 0. What is the purpose of the East Asia Research Institute? A. Originally, this Res .arch Institute was founded by GOTO, Shimpei, the first President of the South LInnchuria Railway Company, -•ith the idea of making a Research Institute in Japan as an cr -an of the South i^nchuria Railway Company, after investigating the various res -arch organs in Europe. 1 'r. GOTO' s purpos . at the tine of foundation lay in studying the economic situation of H^nchuria from the world's economic standpoint, "hen I became a member, it was investigating the world's general economic situation and the situations of I'anchuria and Ch:aa. After it was turned into a foundation, the spnere of investi :ation was limited in "anchuri" and China, and we began to study the economic value of Lanchuria and China not from the viewpoint of world economy, but from the standpoint of Japan. Q. Who were the members of the st-ff after it was turned into a foundation? A. I "as the Chief cf the Board of Directors, and the directors were: Count FUHJSHirA, Kichimasa; TSURUhl, Sakio; and NAGANO, Akiro; and aS representatives of the South ; anchuria Railway Company were, OBUCHI, L'iki, head cf the Tokyo Branch; ITO, Takco, head cf the Investigation Section of the main office. Those representatives of the South L-anchurinn Railway Company changed whenever the head of the Tokyo Branch and the Chief of the Investi?--tion Section were changed. There are many other trustees. Q. T"'ho T"'as the president? A. The president was YATATOTC, Totare. Q. Was the actual authority en the president or on the Chief Director? Th-t is T"rho actually supervised the work of the Research Institute? A. It was carried on by me. Q. Ho- much salary did you get in the capacity of Chief Director? A. I -ot a 500 yen salary plus 2 50 yon for housing allowance, making a total of 750 yon. On top cf this, I got the equivalent of 6 months salary as bonus each year, so, "fter all, my annual income was less than 10,000 yen. Doc. No. 1908-B page 4 0. When did you become n professor of the Colonization University0 A. I began in the 9th year of the Taisho :.;rn (1920) and resigned in the 3rd ye-r of the Showa Era (1928). It was said, however, that my n^me will remain on the staff, so, although I do not actually give lectures, I am still a. member of the faculty. Q. It is said that the accused has an ideology for the reformation of the national structure cf Japan. Is that right? A. Yes, that's true. Q. ''hat is the course of development of your idea. (The defendant hesitates and does not answer) Q. Then I will question you. I understand you formally had admiration for European culture. Is that right? A. Yes. It rres the education policy when we had been educated and so I have such ideas. But by an_accident, for three years from the 2nd year of the Taisho Era (1913) to the 4th year of the Taisho Era (1915), more than two full years, I had been absorbed in the study of Japanese history A rich man, a friend of my religious master, l ATSUI'URA, Chikuseki, wanted tc do something significant at his celebration of his sixty-first birthday; so he consulted ISATSUHDHA. As an ideological unrest had been prevailing at that time and tended to agitate the peoples' ideas toward the Imperial family, FATSITTRA insisted that the rich man should write a chronicle of the successive Emperors as a memory of his sixty-first birthday, and dis- tribute it r*idely to make our people definitely realize the fact th-t the character of our nation is such that the Imperial Family is always the center of the lives of the people. The rich man immediately agreed with him and left everything up to FATSUIURA. As a consequence, Hr. MAT3U1CURA pursuaded ne to write a chronicle of tho suc- cessive Emperors, a 1 he would look through it and publish it into a book. Ho told me that if I was willing to do it, he would pay me thirty yen per day, and as I was doing some cheap translation work fcr the Army General Staff at th-t time to e-rn my education, I accepted to undertake th^t job, thinking th- t writing a chronicle of the successive Emperors T-rculd not be of much difficulty. Hc'ovcr, -hen I commenced writing on the original ceremony I discovered thin ;s rrould net go so smoothly» D e c . NO. 1 9 0 8 - B P a g e 5 Finally, I had to give up all other studies and con- centrate only in this direction, or else ny writing would net proceed at all. On the other hand, I began to take interest in the Japanese history, and after "ore than two years, I finished writing the chronicles of Enperor JI1: U down to Emperor HEIJI. During this tire, I began to realize of the Japanese spirit which had been hidden in ny heart, and I had become conscious th"t I "as a Japanese. I began to realize the grandeur of the spirit of Japan and began to grasp the significance of the national structure of Japan built upon this spirit. I crr.e to have the idea that this nation should be made tc prosper by this race. n It is said th-1 you tî ve studied in detail the present situation in India. A. Yt,s. As I had studied Indian Philosophy in the Philosophical course in the University, I decided to devote ny life to the study of the Indian philosophy when I graduated. I was studying ancient ideas of India. As my interest towards India gî -- greater, I happened to get the feeling to study the present Indian situation n.erely for pleasure. Then, upon reading a book which I obtained fron a second-hand booh store, I found present India was entirely different from the very solemn ancient India which I had imagined, In short. I discovered that present India is suffering greatly under the control of Britain and people are living the pitiful life of a doomed people. And then rrith this aS a start I began to study the history of the Europeans expansion in Asia, not only in Asia but the history of their territorial and economic expansion in the "hole T~orld. Then I began to study how the Europeans are maintaining their influence for such expansion, and this naturally tur--cd into a. research of the colonial policy and colonial hir. Lory, Q. Did you become a member of the South ":'anchuria Railway Company because this research was recognized? And did you receive j/cur Doctor of Laws degree through your research en the chart-red colonial company? A. Yes. na Are you the author of the following books; "A History of Ja panose Civilization" (NIHON BUI ad SHI), "A Header fcr Japanese History" (EOFUSHI DOFUHON), "An Introduction to Japanese History" (FOFUSHI GTAIRQN), and "The Japanese Idea and'^ho" Jap/hesc Spirit" (NIPPON SHISO OYOBI NIPPON.. I SKIN), and it is understood that those books were due to your study of the Japanese Emperors' chonicle, is that right? Doc. No. 1908-B pa g e 6 Yes, it is, Q. "'"h-11 do you think of the influence of the European Uar upon Japan? A. So far as ideology is concerned, democracy advocated by •''ilson and Communism by Lenin had the greatest influence in Japan, In the economic rrcrld, of course, Capitalism has sho^n a rapid development; and as a consequence, the life of the people hns suddenly come to shea' signs cf defect. In looking at the course of development of capitalism in every country, me can find this defect among the lives of the peoples. In the present economic structure of Japan, the farmers are in the most unfavour- able state. It is an economic phenomenon controlled more by nature than by human po^er, and in the present capitalistic economic activities, organized by human pc-ver, they -re put in the most unfa.vcura.b2e state. Therefore, rmth the rapid development of this economic structure, the farming classes -ill, very scon, face difficulties. Its influence has been left unsolved till this day. Q. At that tire there mas an organization called "HOSO FAITI '"•ere yeu present at its meetings? A. Ye s. Q. v'h--t r-~s the nature of this organization? •A. As its name, "ROSOKAI" means the gathering of the old and the youth. It T S a gathering at v'hich men from various fields "ith the opinion that Japan should not be left as it is, mould get together and exchange opinions. Therefore, its members included soldiers, socialists, and representa- tives of laborers and farmers. Q. Around the 8th year of Taisho Era (1919), r*as an organiza- tion called "YUSONSHA" established? A o IT C' S c 0. At that time, mere you PITA, IKE I and . TTSUiA'/A, Kameta.ro called the "Trinity of YUSONSHA"? A. Yts. Q. '.That v/as the nature of this organization? A. The name "YUSONSHA" mas taken from the poem, "Though all the lanes are ruined, pine trees and chrysanthemums a r e Doc. No. 1908-B p 1 e 7 still loft", by TO-EN-LIE I. Those ^ r c tho days "hen countless organizations, largo and small, "ere established, some being radical organizations "ith democratic or anarchical principles, while othors were reformers organizations with socialistic or communistic principles. At tĥ .t tire, we believed reformation of Japan from a true Japanese standpoint to be a true reformation. Therefore, "o considered ourselves the pine trees and chrysanthemums of Japan, and decided on the name "YUSONSHA". "Te spread the ideas of reformation from a Japanese standpoint. Q. It is understood that ycu had published, "The Gist of the National Reformation Plan", by KITA, IKKI, and revealed the general outline for how to reform Japan, is that right? A. Yes, it is right. However, I could not entirely approve of the "Gist cf the National Reformation Plan" in general. There "as no definite plan for the practical reformation cf tho state at that time, «nd it was necessary to h^ve seme opinion worth discussing about. Consequently I published that bock so that cur comrades cculd get together and do seme studying. It does not mean that I had entirely approved of this book, Q. But I understand that ycu resigned from the YUSONSHA because cf difference of opinion with KITA IK'I, and that the YUSONSHA had dissolved simultaneously with your resignation, is that right? A. Yes. Q. It is understood that ycu were very worried about the Rice Riot of 1912, a.nd the so-called Tho Serious Incident in the Imperial Palace (jTiUCHU, JUBAI JIKEN), is that right? A. Y^s. This is a matter which everybody should worry about who looks clearly into the present situation in Japan and has any interest in the future of Japan. What I was most surprised about the rice riot was that just when Japan, had decided to begin a war with a foreign ccuntry and the Commander in Chief cf the Siberian Expeditionary Forces ras bidding farcwdl to the Eripercr Koiji at the F01 OYAJ'IA Mausoleum, some of the Japanese people had to rise in request of rice because they were hungry, and the military had te shcot at the hungry people. I believe anybody "culd be surprised at this. At that tine I was very much shocked and j thought that it was the first manifestation of the defects of Japan which had hitherto been hidden. Ani as tc The Serious Incident in The Imperial Palace, I thought that, for the sake cf maintaining the dignity of the Imperial Family, the already announced marriage should never have been changed merely by the opinion cf Prince YAFAGATA. At tint time, all the members cf the"YUSONSHA" worked very actively. DOC. NO. 1908-3 Pago 8 V. Did you deliver a lecture on the Japanese spirit ct the Social .uducc.- tion rch Institute carried on by Ŷ l-nO Harutushi, in about 1922? j-.. Yes, I did. Not only on the Japanese spirit but also on Confuseionism b„sed chiefly on Orie..t_l ideology, .as the above institute situated in one corner of the former main building in the Imperial t Ci XC4 C fJ ** 0 les, it Wos. It is Scict th^t students aid young peo le from rural districts attend very earnestly the lectures held there. Is that true? u. They were not lectures exactly, but rather it Was a kina of a school where we gave thorough education to about tv.enty people each year. û-.KB'O, Minister of the Imperial household, o^KIY., Vice--iinirter of the Imperial household, Generals ,.i-u.hl, h..T,. and .̂ .T-ii.̂ ij, one. other young array officers used to go there to train them. <4. ,nas General Y..ShInO a very earnest supporter? *. Yes, he was. ..nd was MShlD* Chikaru there too'. a. ies, he Was. . This Social education iiesearch Institute changed its name to "Di.IG,.KU- XYO" in about 1923, is that right? Yes. !=i. Howsver, in 1925, it seeks that you h. d organized the "KOCiil ShJ', is that right? r-. Yes. .. to the "DbIG^U YO", it was ordered to move from the former main buixding and there was no buiidine to go, so i1 vas cbolished in 1925, wasn't it' Yes. ..t that time the . iiristery of Imperial household decided to tear dovn the building a way to build a library, _nd ii we vere to continue the D-.IGniU"YO the ..inistery of the Imperial Household offered to lend us some land in hw.bU. However, ti:is Was only the 1 nd ' ithout any buildinr, and vie had not money enough to build a building so we decided to abolish the D.-IĜ KlPOfO. .•hat were the principles of KOCil^.,? ... I think there were seven principles. (.1) To establish a revolution i :ed •'eipk.n. (2) To firmly establish a national ideal. (3) To realize libjity in Spiritual life. (4) To realize equality in political life. T 0 realize .fraternity in econo ic life. (6) To liberate the colored races. (7) *-oral unification of the vorld. m. These appear to ee principles chosen by you': 1., Yes. To establish a revolutionized Japan mean.- to renovate Japan into e. country suitable for the realizotion of the real JaoaXiese spirit. '-<., In regard to this, 0 ou have so stated during the preliminary hearing, .as it the same: (/>t this ti ic, lines 5 on the front page of list 98 to line 9 ef the back p~ge of list 191 from records of the first interroga- tion held against Oiu. Shumei at the preliminary trials, were read out loud). . Yes, DOC. ; 0.190o-B pr.g0 9 ... .hea does tilt second principle that is- to establish - national ided mean'. It is the suae as th-t I Jt..ted luring the preliminary he. ring. ... eri tt xs point, you stated <_s this, uo you mean this in general"; (-t this time the eighth line in the 102nd list to tha first line in the 110th list /.ere read). Yes. , bo , vth*.t is the met i.iii j the folio1, int. principles of KOChlbn - v3; io realize liberty in spiritual life, to realize equality in olitical life, end ^5) to realize fraternity if: economic life. ... I heve, so to speak, <- new conception of "mutual iiit.erdopeiidex.ee of the legislature", .no th<t there tre distinctly three tspects in our n«..tiond life. The first is economic, the second is political and the tnird spiritual. The economic aspect de. Is vith the life of correctly regulating the relations betveen materiel .nd people and freternity iust be redised in this aspect. The political life is one that clearly determines the re 1.1 ion ship of personalities or of duties ..nd rights of the people and since people are all equal, the ided of politics, I believe, is the establishment of equal ri.:hts. Lov-, in retard to spiritual life, of course the ideal is liberty ana this must be realized. Generally, speeking, these three ideals - liberty, equality end fraternity - rere advocated ^t the time of the French revolution, but they h. ve not been realized cs fully as desired in _ny national life. I believe there v;ere vik.ny reasons for this, but to ay v..y of thinking the fund,..-er:t 1 rec son is tint these ideals are being sought for ir, different aspects oi lil'e. For example, equality should be sought for in political life, but socialists ov communists .re -tte. :.tinfc. to find it in the economic aspect. -It ho ugh liberty, equality . no fraternity h.ve not yet been realized in spiritu 1 life, it may be that lioerty, equality «.nd fraternity have x.ot yet been realized in huien life because certain types of liberalists or democrats are set-dng for the . ir. oliticd life and >ith different ideals. xti order to realize these ideals x believe that it vouLv be best to realize r.evly the concept OJ mutual interdependence of the legislature by dividing the state up into the aspect . I h-ve just mentioned and est. blishing the respective organs in the respective aspects. X have given you the ideals and the details are the Saiue as stated in th preliminary hearing. v. Isn't tnere a,ny mista e in your statement in the preliminary hearing.- U-t this time secono line of 111 list to the third line of the back p^e 124th ; ere read out loud). ... Yes, there is no mistake. x understand ;,ou had in LOCHISh*. such companions as: m.metaro xJIoliLi u., xtosiiutsu Y. SUOi-a., ioshieki L.o 01, Jakehn.ru . Y-.-Iu.Takeyo K.JuT.i'I, ChikaTa KIdiilD.,, Yoshisuke Li XChl, joen I .1 0, ohigetsugu —TSUÎ Oiii, î -orie Yd.dj, Yukinosuke ohidJ., Taiceo a^O,, is tr.is right? Yes. *«nd you published the montiily journal 1 II 01- c.s your organ, didn't you; Yes. Pcgo 10 r x . 10.190S-B The e were ^bout 3500 subscribers, is this true? x.. Yes. Did you direct your e.jpeei mostly to t. ose who were deemed to become leaders, a. Yes. .. Didn't KOCKISA split up in 1927' Yes. .as it bee, use KIT^-I 1-1 distributed the so-Called reprehensible .' ter^ture in which he accused the agister of the Imperial Household 0 d his ministry of corruption' 1 . Yes. iiince then, .you end LIT*. dfifted further apart. because the army Was om<3i hat cautious of AIT*., they were c. utious of you, too, tut when they found cut thet you hed become estranged from LIT.. by that incident, and relation be- tv.esn you c,na the army became more intimate than ever &nd you vere . ble to openly deliver lectures ci the ..ray General ot.ff, etc. weren't you. ies. ..ere these the men you became intimately acquainted with Lt.Gen.KOISO uen OLiiUru-i, iLj Gen. rLXLIil, -ej. Gen. DOHIK 1-u-., ri.j. Gen. Ti.D... Col k.- ..LOTO, Col. S .3«i'-I and Col. & luJTOV Yes. Now, what were your activities after becoming an employee of the South -lonchurian il»«.y 00,? ... I w<,s a very faithful employee. I encouraged the stuff of the Investigation xureau _nd also Kept myself busy in the investigation of v.orld economy t..no the ^.^nchuricn situ.tion. The work assigned to me .t that time Wos the investigation of licensed colonial cor orations. Tuis study became the esscy for my degree of Joctor 01 Law. Did you acquire the belief t h a t the age of Gre<.t iowers was gone and t h a t the ge of Guper Greet rowers h a d core vhile you were doing su h research? ".. 'Yes, if you study v.orld history, you will reach such o conclusion. For a •lation to keep going as an independent country in this present age, she should .JOSSSSS A territory tiu.t is at le--st self- sufficient. The present state of world affairs proves this clearly. '•«» In f-as Case of Ja:an, " h t :ind of territory should she incoroor. te? Porea w.nu .anchuria are within the scope of possibility, but I believe <anchurie alone will ot be sufficient. Y u seem to h.ve made investigation trips to 1 anchuria cnd China fre'uentlj, didn't ou'. ... 1 went there two to three times „ year for two to six months ever since x bee. me an em ployee of the S.ll CO. hence, I have done oiisider̂ -ble research. Did you acutelv sense the anti-Japanese sentiment there? ... It is not the anti-Japanese sentiment which x acutely sensed, but what I regret very much '.as tie c.. use leading to the rise of the ant i-Japanese sentiment. To Cell it DOC. DC. CX9Q9.-B Page 11 anti-Ja vnese sounds narrow, but gener-lly i. i.e.ns the diplomacy. ..nti- Jcipanism is one of the manifest tions of diploia. cy. Japan's di lo.iu. cy tot „rd. Minchuri- aid Chine wasn't too active. Jain's influence X *-anchuria iu s ,t the highest pe.x. . hex I joined the 6. . . ..nd i.ile I • ts in ^Vx.churX , J,pan-'3 influence began to w ne yearly, it reached the i.ottom folio ing Ch. ng Tsu.o---U;s de_th in _n explosion .nd after Clung Hsuen-Lic.n,& assumed the political ;o".er of Manchuria succeeding him. Though there may be v. rious arguments in regard to this in short, Japan's national opinion h. s never united in its diolomacy tô „rd foreign countries, 'xh. t i . the greatest c*use Wc.s the foct thct Jaran vcs divided in two ia its diplomacy to.crds China ..n ..anchuri. . It ;,cS X the spring of 1929 c'nr in • the lc.ter perioc hen the T.X. c. ;dnet . ssumed < positive iolicy . r,d de It it la the -anchuric r: problem hen, < s . concrete manifestation of the IPX.. « c.uinet's positive policy, the o. . ... desiring to complete the construction of the Idrin-IiuinXi, r .iX.ay, e;:ei*ted its whole effort trying to secure the approve 1 of Ch-n Hsueh-ii ng. .t that ti e, 1 was in u. den for sev- eral months starting from u«-ry ..nd v. s negotiating . ith Chang lisue-LXng. One day, Cheng Hsueh-liang showed me a letter, xhat letter <fcs from ' J.S younger brother Chang hsueh-mei, ,-ho •;••<.s X 'xo.\<o at th.t time. It st-ted as follows: "recently & iill-.ô iTO meuder of the nouse of xi.eprese.nt tives Cc.me to see me and st-ted th.t the It...,, c irinet will fail soon. xn such .n event, the LIx.SEITO oXet ..ill solve ..ot oi.ly the railway problem, but all ^nchurian problems to your adv.. ntcge, so tell your brother to dilly-dally _ni prolong the negotiations in regard tc the idrin-huining i*«ilw.-.y until our c. uinet is formee. Since another . X b.X'f 0 member of the house of Represent ..tives Ccme to tel me that, I a.m relaying this to ;;ou." This, Ch..n<, hsueh-li-nf showed me • ith t grin, .ith their being given a prospective ox' the circumstances ithXi, line this, it is Xevituble that they assume a more positive attitude .mi turn anti-Japanese. I coulu not help feeling that the development of Ja ai.'s power u s absolutely homeless v ith Japan bein diviued into & HI 3XX0 state and a 3.XXXI state . nd in If siding -.ith the enemy. *'Again in f'ebrucry 0:.. that ye.r, i ister x03Iu^ w. s ne-otic ting- ith dig 3ing-tei, at oh.ngh i in regard t o the i oiling incident. On thct occasion, 1 rushed from xxanchuria to Sh.ngh i. xdnister YCox.IZ.-. h.-.'- gone to Tonyo in the spring of 1928 .nd had returned - ith a concrete plan for the solution of the incident after h_ving held repeated discussions with i-rime I i, ister T X X s and the Various Cabinet members .ad h. vin. found southing th.t •••,«.s satisfactory, hence, hi v;-S negotXtin? ith the hai,...ing .overm nt and I believe th. t they had reached . n .greeaent end prob-. bly he d tegporc rily si.- ned it, out the text of the . greemeixt was cons id ere. to be disgraceful on the p. rt of the T ... x. c.binet. The Diet Was in session then, ..nd using t is as their point of .rgument, a group within the nouse of :eers criticized the failure of the T IX.'.-. Cabinet's China diplo; . cy -.nd . 1 ;ost brou;ht .bout - movement to overthrow the cabinet, hence, a telegram Came fro . Xo.v>o suddenl" instruct in- the cancellation ox the arrangement DOC. 1908-B P c g c 1 2 m. : e accordln, to the concrete pluti vhich decided the jrevious sprin." • hen YO'-KIL.. .. h d t-ir .n the trouble to 'o to lo yo. There is othing so stupid «.s this. Tjds, in other v»ords, is not c diflo.iu.cy tovv-rds China, cut to. «rd the House of ieers of Ja.cn. If such 0 thing is continued, «.n1 s 0verse, s de- velopment Cc.n never be accomplished, -t least, not unde the present circum- stances therein two politic.,1 parties «..re scr.uib.lin';. for politi.cd . over. It is therefore only turd for cnti-Jc.p.nis-a to ejcisfc. 1 thought this cannot be left clone. H -is is -. h. t I me-nt hen I stated I keenly felt .nti-J^p. nisnu Loc. i~o. 1908 3 1 3 Q,. The newspaper, moreover, stated that the MIESEITO members of the Eor.se of representatives clamored for the revelation of the real facts in regard to the death by explosion of Chang Tsuo-ling in The Diet. Is it true? A. Yrs. I believe Mr. S<-igo MliL&Q ma.de such interpolation "before The Diet. This, too, was most reprehensible. Q,. t?v re m r question raised as to wh"th~r Japan should deal with Chang Ken-"? -lien- or wit?-. Yong In-tin after Chang Tsuo-lir.' s death? A. Yrs. There was. The commander of the Zwentiuv;- Amy then was Lt. Sea. MUM02A anc the Chief of the Special Service Agency we.s Shinji HATA. Their opinion was that it would "be "better naturally to deal with. C?:ang Heuch-liang and action, in general, was taken according to this opinion. Eô cv.-.r, since Yon • Yu-tin had been hand- ling their "business transaction, The OhlHA-OUMI strongly advocated that, from p. practical point of view, to pla.ee the Manchurian political power in the hands of Yonc Yu-tin would he better because their commercial advantages with Yong. And this opinion was con- siderably strong within the army too. This was t?ie first time t?~at I discovered that the capitalists of Jaoan ?-iad ° groat in- fluence upon the political and military diplomacy. For example, when Lt. Gen. MUSAOICA was in Mukden after the death by explosion of Chang Tsuo-lin, he would meet with Chang Esueh-Liang, but not with Yong Yu-tin. However, The OJOffiA-C-TJMI, want in-: Lt. C-en. MU3AOTCA to meet Yon- Yu-tin and. desiring at least to make the relationship between Lt. C-en. WJRLGKL and Yon,-; Yu-tin closer, actively campaigned to draw the interest of the Army General Steff. A" • result, * telegram suggesting rather then ordering Lt. Oeu MUIiAOKA to confer wit??. Yong Yu-tin was sent from the control headquarters. Lt Gen. KJTIAOTCA is a, vory excellent ixay m-n who ere. be rated >?.s being ITo. 1 or 2 among the army personnel. . .nd wit?-, him in Mukden, how impudent it was for the person to send a wire suggesting whoa ho should meet. I thought it disgusting t?'At OICU&A-GCMI had begun to ?:avr such a great influence upen theo. T?uts, there were two factions —one centering around C?-.ang Hsueh-liang and the other around Yong Yu-tin, "xisting in !•'"--n.c?iurie and Japan. Sue?-, be in-- t?-.e state, t?e OI^JEA-GUMI secretly 'forked behind the scenes. Thereafter, negotiations with Manc??.uria were rv.de with Yon--: Yu-tin. 14 1908 3 Therefore, Chan': Hsueh-liens reportedly killed Yong Yu-tin end his devoted assistant, Chang Yin-Kuei end conpletoly wiped away the influence of Yon 's faction in January 1929, is that right? Y.-s. And you reoortedl,r started a people's movement "because you thought that the Manchurian and Moraolian problems cannot "be left in the hands of the capitalists ar.d politicians, hut should "be solved by a people's movement, is that right? Did you give lectures about this? Yes. On the opinion that a small country cannot be independent, I reasoned that I should let the people know that Japan, for the time "being, should attenrot economic development in Manchuria: that the nation cannot go on without having the foundation of her nrtional life built on a united economic system of both -Japs-r- and Manchuria and that if thin is done, the Ifenchurian problems, too, can be solved. There rre fifty prefectures ir Jgoan, and I decided to maka a hasty trip and explain the Manehurian situation to the people by giving lectures and showing motion pictures at three or four places in a prefectures I undertook this in the letter dsr-p of April in Mry, 1929, immediately uoon returning from my Manehurian trip and continued it up to the outbreak of the Menchurian Incident. Were there any repercussions? There was a very unexpected reaction. At first, I did not know how much the repercussion would be, and when I consulted with the array authorities about undertaking the project together, the army didn't agree, statin? that it would be criticized as militarism end imperialism and lose its effect if the army would join. Hence, I undertook it alone and the reaction was indeed surprising. Leaving aside rare instances, it drew a full house everywhere. "tfhat co you mean by the construction of HULUTAO Harbor? HU1UTA0 Harbor in an ice-free port situated to the west of Dairen at the tip of the Pohs.i hey. As it vn3 planned to reconstruct the harbor, the harbor reconstruction plan had already been made, and a Dutch company had contracted end wes undertaking the project. Chang Ksueh-limg had thou ht of this and his proposal was to usurp Poc. Fo. 1908 5 P̂ -ce 15 the. prosperity of Dairen and at the aamc tine to construct p trunk linn to EULUTAO parallelling that of 5. M. H. and accumulate the products of Manchuria, at HULUTAO, thus making S. K. Pu virtually valueless and killing the prosperity o? Dairen. •0,. Was this th- reason why tho people gradually "began to consider the Manchurian problems seriously and become disgusted with SEIDLHASAj diplomacy®- To3, I believe so. Q. It is claimed that as tho voice of dissatisfaction ?rew louder among the people, the army took note of this trend and beaan to take positive action gradually. Is that right? A. Yes. The army, "bein-r alert on taking advantage of opportunities, "becan takin -oositive actions as soon as this trend became great. And finally, the;/ began to act toother with us, and the Army General Staff and other departments, even began sending lecturers to us. Q,. It is said that the London Faval Disarmament Conference has mr.de tho young naval officers indignant. Is it so? A. It is obvious, I believe, as to how indignant the youn- naval officers were by the mere fact that it. Cradr. 2CDSAKARI committed suicide. 0,. June 30, 1930, Gen. /T. F. or Adm./ YASEI30 died. Did he tel.l you auythir.-: in re-.-s.rd to the country at that time? A. Ho didn't say anything definitely, but he repeatedly stated that evr-'thir.< should be don- for Jappn. Q,. In that- year, Premier HAM&GRJUHI was shot with a pistol at Tokyo Station and the following year 1931, the Diet was convened under Acting Premier S5IDBH&RA, and it was put in disorder as though a bees' nest had been disturbed because of a. slip of the tongue by the acting premier. T<v'as it so? A. Yes. q. Did you found the JIMLU FJ.I? A. Yes, I did, on the anniversary of the accession of the Emperor Jimmu on February 11, 1932. :"o . 1908 3 '.'Jhat STC the principles of the JIKMOm? Th- .veneral principles of the JIK-iUXAI were to realize a family syston conforming to the national spirit, to eliminate the evi.i - of part-* politics, which considers party's interest and policy as primary ant? national welfare as secondary, and to reform the capitalistic economic system, which considers self-interest as primary and national welfare as secondary, 'uia.t we planned to do was to "briar about tire opportunity for a national reformation through, s rational movement. '/rs this movement effective? It was in February, 1930, that the nc""ment was started, and I was arrestee": ir Jura of that year. If I had not been arrested, I believe it would Vv~ become a considerably powerful movement. Did -rou i.r-rr supporters or sponsorers? I don't know. Do you know a person named Koichd.ro ISHIHAEA? Yes, I do. He was a supporter of th JII-2MU3CAI and he supplied us with most of the funds needed for the movement of the JIMMDEAI. You were connectod with the so-called March devolution or the Imperial "la,g Revolution, weren't you? There wasn't any incident called the March Revolution. Sir.cc it is not proper to use the word "revolution" for the March Incident, I would like to make this clear beforehand. (The Chief Justice, after a confere-cc, ordered the spectators to leave the court aft~r having announced that the resolution and the r.mason for the suspension of open court th reafter was because of the fear of impendin the public peace and order, but soacial permission was given to Seisaku EASSGA*^, Munezo MURAI and A. ICATA UJDJl to attend court. The Chief Justice, then, questioned Shunei OKAWA as follows: Did you, in about 1031, know that there existed a. strong antagonism a."r inst the political parties amona: the important personnel of the Army? ^aae 17 1908 3 Ton, ŵ -on -i-ct in-:-Premier SHITCI3IAEA np.de r p.lip of the ton-rue "before the Diet. Shr slip of the tongue w e rrde ir. regard to the Lor,do:-. Cor.ferer.ee. A statement to the effect that it was disloyal for anyone to criticize it. Ur.i.e- this p,s their ground, cne Seiyukai Prrty started a 'Teat commotion and prevented the progress cf the sersior. for throe days. This nr&n the amy personnel, who had "been indignant at the attitude of the Diet "before this, all the core indignant. The military group reported].:/ "believe that Japan can never "be saved if parliamentary polities in which two powerful parties con- front in- • each oth-r, is sloppily continued. That enmity of America toward Jepa.n, in the long run, may bri:v about a Japanese -mcrican war and that if a Japanese-American war is unavoidable, it should be held now. Is it so? Yes. If a JgoT-osc-iincricay war is unavoidable, this war probably will "be a protracted one. Since Japan vill be confronted with food and other economic difficulties, th~ har.ch.uriar problem should "be settled before this. Therefore, the national life, we thou-ht, shoul be reconstructed on a" economic foundation made up of Japan and Manchuria as a unit to enable Jepan to withstand a protracted war. This Ilpr.churian problem was the important motive for the March Incident. SEIKSEARA.'s diplomacy was very soft and he did not try to take any positive action against Manchuria. Since it had bee: firmly proven by the China policy of the T-Ĵ AZA Cabinet that even if the Seiyukai Part" should form a cabinet and advocate a, positive policy, it "ould onl*- be words, we thou-ht that this would not do. Then, the Crpt. KAICAI'IDP-ti. Incident occurred and it was decided, by the high officers at the Chiefs-of-Staff conference held in Mry of th- t year, that an a --'-ressive polic,r should be taken without any he a i t a t ior., wasr.'t it? It wasn't by high officers. ~ven in the Japanese army, hi-h ranging officers do not readily express such, opinion. It was decided by the young Chiefs-of-staff con.feren.ce that since one can n.ever tell what they'll do next upon judgine- from the attitude of Chang Hsueh- liang, they should be sne.shed firmly end without any hesitation in the event the Manchurian regime should insult Japan beyond the limit. Were you pr-sent when such, discussions wre held? Yes, I was. 1 9 ^ 8 B Than, on September 18, t?v destruction of the line at Lukow-chiao occurred and with. this as the Kp.nchurlar Incident benan, didn't it? Yes. y-c were ""bio to take such pro not action stated previously, our mind was nrd.e up. Fext, what is thr March Incident? In short, it ended merely as s plan. The plan was for the •~asr.es to express their disapproval of the Diet then. in session "by nrans of a mass demonstration. To do t/.is, rs many people as possible would be mobilized. Since a clash wit-:, the poller must naturally "be rxorcted on this occasion, those who start this demonstration should "bear this in mind. And if during thr clash with the people the citizens or people takinc part should increase more and -ore, an-ravatin.- thr commotion and throwing thr metropolis into a turmoil, thr army would, step in and declare nartial law, thus taking- its first step toward rational reformation. Wit:. whom d.id. you rake thr plan? The movement for it srrc* up as it w-s heir-- discussrd hrrr and thrro. T! -Ti, was thr-rc a rumor at that tine that Gem TJS&XI will su.ee-- od O n TAiXCA as president of the Seiyukai Party? Yes, there was. So d.id you sec Con. JJQAXI to ascertain the fact upon brin- told "by th.e Chief of Military Affairs Bureau ICO I SO? Ten, I d.id. These circumstances lead to thr Marc/ Incident. th-t tine, my intimate friends, Col. SKI OTTO, herd of thr Second Chinese iffairs Section and Lt. Col. Eingoro HASHIMOTO of the Russian Affairs Section of thr General Staff, told, nr that the upper class of the army wa.s "buminr with indignation at thr Dirt and that such a Dirt should "be crushed. And. they asked no to srr Gen. UGAXI to find cut what his opinion, was. Thar., I net (Jon. UGATI for thr first tine. In a similar vein as that expressed "by me previously, Gen. TJGAhl stated that Japan-, car ravrr develop her fate and overseas development wit!:, such a Dirt anc. expressod in very strong words his indication at party politics. Than, when I returned -nd. told Lt. Col. HASHIMOTO and others thr .-ist of what I had heard from Gen. TJGATI, th»y decided to .-at thr opinion of others. HASHIMOTO rn.d Ppr-O is Mr nc hur i an r a. i Iway the "beginning, because, as I have Doc. i~o. 1908 B t>aae 19 SKIC-~TC, chen wont to s*r It. C-cn. IIHCMIYA, who was then Deputy Chief of Staff, and Mr.J. C-en. EMTB&iKi, who was then. Chief of the Second Department, a"d asked their opinion, "hey too, were very ir.di.rar.t and inquired if there was—'t any means to bring about an o-oer.ir 7 for s. reformation rt this tine. Q. Didn't Chief of Militar- Affairs Bureau XCISO have"-0? connection with this' A. -iS it was "bein.*' discussed more and more by everyone, Chief of Military Affairs Bureau IIOISO rrrdually cane to be involved, and others also joined le.ter. Q,. v.Vs it the discussion to start a mass demonstration on March 20 and vr>8 this called the March Incident? A. Yes. Q,. But it wis c?-celled because of the fear of being discovered , wasn't it? A. It wasn't bccaune of the fear of beina discovered. It was be- cause of Gren. UGu-GI' s opinion that we shouldn't do such a thi:v;. Dec. No. 1908-B ge No. 20 It was planned to agitate a mass demonstration at first and tc have the army take positive actions when martial law is declared. Gen. UG.JXX's intention appeared tc be that, t.c. When I met Gen. GG.'XE, that was what I ascertained first, and I reported this tc Cel. SIIIGETO and others. That evening, Chief cf Military Affairs Bureau K0IS0, Deputy Chief of Staff NINCMIYA and Vice-Minister cf War STJGIYAMA went te see Gen. UGAKI. Gou. UGAKI told them exactly what he had tcld uo and these throe had the idee the Gen. UG^KI possessed such a positive intenticn. Then, Lt. Gen. K01S0, taking, chargc cf everything, tcld me thet sincc there would be the danger ^f being discovered if too many fussed about it, we should pretend to have suspended it on the surface and that I should represent the civilians and he will represent the army* Howevo although he went ahead with the plan, Lt. G e n. K0IS0 decided t : suspend it later. Hence, it was decided t suspend it and that wes tho ohd cf tho March Incident. I decided tc carry on after that by myself, but sincc Marquis YOSHI CHIKii IOKUCh.V/A dissuaded me from doing sc, I abandoned the plan. Q. Did ycu intend to dissolve tho Diet or merely bring the members of tho Diet t; their senses by mass demonstration? A. Wo didn't intend to destroy the Diet completely. Gen. UGAKI stated that he had an intention tc dissolve the Diet and hold as many-elections as accessary. We had no intenticn to disapprove parliamentarism itself, Q. What d~ you mean bj>- taking positive action cf martial law -ir. declarod? ... Cur ilea was tc set up a new political power and form a Cabinet centering around tho army. Q,. You mean to leave the Cabinet system as it is, -but have an influ- ential army man as the leader • f the Cabinet and actually adopt a bold policy. But not in the f :m cf a dictatorship, is that right? Yes, my idea is sc. At any rate, we didn't care what they did if it was a Diet that wculd obey. Q. NOT:, what is the October Incident? A- «t the last trial, the Chief Justice tcld Mr. HCM&& that OKAVU claims thet ho is tho enly civilian that knows about it; but what I meant wr.s the March Incident. The public appears to be making various Doc. No. 1903-B remarks in regard to the March Incident and as if UGAKI is an ambitious person. What I mean ves that I was the only civilian who knew thu actual facts. The cause f the Octc. bor Incident is related t the Manchuria Incident. As y :u knew, the Manchurian Incident was started by the destructi n of the SMR line at LUXOWOFL.O cn September 18, 1931- Thc Cabinet at thrt Hue, as y u knew, was the SIIIDEKARA Interim(Cabinot and it had no definite policy. Net only was thc p• Hey f the ^abinot so, but th- military loaders, tcc, had nc definite ideas. At that tine, as a result f having taken two days and two nights t. docidc whether the action of Commander HONJO should be approved cr net, it was fund that if his action wore tc be disapproved, Commander HONJC w,uld hove tc be court martialled. Therefore, they finally approved it, but thoy did act know their own mind in everything. Even in an urgent instance when speedy measures aid methods should have boon token, the attitude of the government was very disgusting. If they should dilly- dally as they wore doing, all would end in vain, although the lid for the solution f thc Manchurian Incident hod been threwn open. Even the purp.se would net b- achieved. Hence, the aim of thc Oct'bor Incident was, generally speaking, tc crush thorn and sot up anew a powerful p. litical power capable f undertaking the solution of important problems because it was ••:bvi :us that they, possessing such a weak stomach as tc bo unable t. digest even the d mostic problems, cc uld do nothing if they wore fed with such a big and rat? thing as Manchuria, also, -ccording tc Mr. HCMMA, he had heard cf it in about September, so I can't help wondering hc.7 it had leaked out. ..t any rate, it was like that and was planned by the young army officers. Many others joined them, and the general set up was that a couple of army men would draw up the entire plan and that th' se wh endorsed this aim were not tc consider the plan cf thors, but t carry cut nly the role assigned to thorn exactly as determined by the planners cf the wh<-le undertaking. This was necessary t prevent thc secrct frem leaking -lit an<i "as als; most reasonable. In this type cf thing, many should net bo called in cn the discussion, f r the most logical thing is tc do it with a consistent idea. Hence, I knew the assignment gien tc me and cbcut hew many had been gathered tc do approximately this much, but not thc details. The sot up, generally speaking, was tc have military men primarily and net to include civilians. Q,. Who drafted the ultimate plan? A. I don't know exactly, but thc person who gave mo orders was Hingcro HASHIMOTO. Q,. Then ycu don't knew who was at the top drafting the plan? Dec. Nc. I908-B Pape No. 22 ii. I have an idea. Q. -.rc SHIGETC, HiSHBIOTO, ITAG.ja end POIEi'Jtt involved? A. Yes. Q,. Arc yea the only civilian? A. Yes. Q,. After all, they are satisfied with he;? things are now, so what do thoy '.-.ant t do? i'.. Their plan, I suppose, is tr. set up a Cabinet centering around the army'and vith an army man at the head and establish a .nc party political systoa. Q,„ Are thoy going t«_- leave the Diet as it is now? A. I think they planned t leave it 30, Q. ^hot was your assignment'? A. Jjy assignment was t lead a squad of eighty soldiers and visit the various Influential newspapers in Tokyo and t order then to write items desired by us and sco that thoy do it, Another was to make a flag with the inscription "The Imperial Flag Renovation Headquarters8 (K2EKI ISHIN HCLiBU) and float it from the roof ot tho Land Survey Department cf tho General Staff Headquarters. That is, the headquarters was tc be set up in tho Lend Survey Department. But we weren't able tc carry this out bocauso the soldiers who had planned this secretly had been arrested. Q. Were Gon. MhSAtCI an<3 Gen. iJlAKI involved in the Maruh Incident or the October Incident? A. Ko. Wore you involved in the Bleed Brotherhood Incident? A. Absolutely not. (At this juncture, tho Chief Justice, after a conference, announced his decision to suspend the closed c:urt rrder and ordered tho curt t bo opened. The Chief Justice, then questioned Shumei CKA.7;. as fellowst £>oc. Nc. 190 6-B Page NO. 23 Q,. .hrc you intimate with Lts. (J.G.) Kiycshi XOGi, and Yoshic Ni^jviua;? A. Thoy arc net exactly my intimate friends, but since they ccmc to visit uo, I have been meeting thou. The first time I met thou v/r.s when they came t • see me in abcut March f 1932 asking uo t tell them abcut Japanese hict.ry. Q,. Haven't ycu been meeting them from 1932? L . I can't remember the exact date. Q,. icocrding tc NuKUOfe he visited ycu cn Jan. 10 and 2\ and Feb. 7 and 20 f 1932 and together with KOGA en March 2 7 , the. dry in quest.i n. Hence, he claims t have visited ycu f ur times bef re y u had a detailed talk with thou, hid they visit yru four :r five times'? ... Pr-bably. Q,. Did ycu tell N.JJMIRA cn Fob. 7 that ycu had s: uany pistols? Nc, I didn't. Q, i.cc--rding tc N. JCiiMUBa, when ho visited ycu t: got her with KOCLi on Feb. 7 and asked ycu t . supply the piste Is because the naval ccupatri-ts had res lved t rise seen, ycu agreed t: got thou the pist;lo. Besides, KOG.'. testified that he t.ld ycu at thrt time that the Navy had already c btained the bombs, but didn:t have encugh pistols,- Hew ab. ut it? u. I can't recall the date, but it io true thr.t I received such a request. Q,. Didn't you meet KOGA cn rr about February 21 cf that year? A. I can:t recall a thing that has happened s- leng ag~. Q,. ucc. rding tc KOGA, yc ur intention was t crush the pcliticrl parties and the big plutocracy and establish a military gcvcrni-ient end ycu stated thr.t judging from the Octcbor Incident, it was n t neccssary t . d'- it by such illegal uoans as a c:up d'etat, but plan tc d it by legal uoans openly. Hew abcut it? •u. I d.n't knew whether I said s- r net. But since KQMUEi.I, generally speaking, was a society desiring tc d- it legally, it was ray intention tc 1 it in that manner. Q,. What d y- u uean by establishing a military grvernuont thr- ugh legal means? Dec. NO. 1908-B Page No. 24 A. By military government, I meant a g-yornmont run by military men primarily and a tie t be distatcrial actually with an influential military man at its head. By legr-1 movement, I meant agrarian mcvoment. Concretely speaking, it is t . cancel tho debts cf the farmers. Qi Did KOGA call on you on March 27, 19327 A. Yes. Q,, On that occasion, did MKIMHRL come afterwards and get t gather? A. I can't recall it, but' it may bo exactly as they stated. Q,. On that occasion, did KOGA say tc you that since the members cf the Blood Brotherhood had all been arrested, these of the military service have decided to execute mass terrorism, starting from about the middle of April t- the middle cf May? A. It may have been seme other time, but he stated something similar t that. Q,. Then, ycu said in that case you too will do the same, didn't ycu? A. I can't roccll it. Q, Furthermore, did KOGA state that the bombs had been obteircd at SHANGHAI, but since they didn't have enough pist Is, he wanted you to get as many as possible - even five :r ten wculd do? A. In ether words, he did state that it doesn't matter how many, but he wanted mo tc got him pist Is. He also stated that he is going tc do it with the farmers of IBARAKI Prefecture. Q,. Didn't he give you the names as t who the farmers cf IBARAKI prefecture were? A. He said very vaguely that he is going to do it t gehter with the farmers of IEARAKI Prefecture. He also added that since few of his comrades were coming out, he will do it then. Hence, he needed the pistols and wanted me t get any number and that if he should die, he •.ill not cause mo any trouble. Q, Then, did you ask him if he needed any military funds? A. Yes. Doc. 1905-B Page No. 25 Q,. Then, as EOGA stated that he didn't nesd much, but about 200 to 300 yen for scouting purpose, you asked him whether it was all right, since you will furnish him with any amount possible within your power. Then, KOGA reportedly stated that he will not commit any blunder that will reveal the plan before its execution, but if it should be revealed, he wanted you to know that he will firmly state that you had no connec- tion. Is that right? A. Yes. Q,, Did you reply that you will give him the pistols on the following Sunday, that is April 3? A. Yes. Q. Then, did you know as to what KCGA was thinking of doing? A. I thought that he was going to start an agrarian movement. I never ever imagined that the farmers were students of AIKYOJUKD. I thought that he was going to mobilize the farmers of IBARAlil Prefecture to do something and needed the money for that purpose. Q,. Didn't you think that the farmers vvere going to destroy th« transforming stations and threw the city of xokyo into complete darkness A. No, I did not think so. I thought that the mobilized farmers wero going to clash and fight with the police. Q,. .rhat did 3rou think they were going to use the bombs obtained from Shanghai for? A. I thought thep were going to be used in the fighting against the police. Q,. What did you think they were going to use the pistols for? A. I thought that they were going tc be used for the seme purpose. According to attorney EIYG3E, the testimony made by the Naval officers seê i to state that the plan was a pretty large-scaled one, but what I was told 7/as that they were going to risk their lives for the sake of national reformation and accelerate the movement for national reforma- tion by it. Q,. Concretely speaking, how did you think that KxGA was going to undertake the national reformation'! Dec• No. i;o8-B Page No. 26 A. Since their immediate aim was tc bring about the reflection of the political iertiea aad the plutocracy, I thought that KCGA and his group were going tc lead the great number of farmers coming to Tokyo from IBiPiAKI Prefecture with the agrarian question and start a movement of mass petitioning or in some other form and that this would develop just as I thought at the time of the March Incident. Q. In the March Incident, wasn't it your ideal and aim not to touch the basic system of the state, but to utilize it skilfully and moreover to put an influential militarist in as head of the Cabinot an<? make the various administrations work according to his will? A. Yes. Document No. 1908 B pngo No. 27 Q Did you imagine that KOCA, too- would do something like that? A No, I did not. I thought that they would only serve to create such an opportunity. Q Then, did you think that a few persons would be assassinated? A I thought that they might hi"1! so -e persons, but genera"1 ly speaking, I thought that they were going to start an agrarian ^ove^ent, rs I have just explained, Q Did you not realize that bombs and pistols could be used to kill and injure human beings? A. J did think that government authorities and policemen, who interfered with the movement might be killed or iniurcd, but I never thought that a specific person such as the Premier or the Keeper of the Privy ceal would be killed or injured. Q You stated at the original trial that you Relieved thet a specific person would be assassinated. How ebout it? A It is not true. It was our motto to start fairly and honorably -from an agrarian movement. Q When FOGA. visited you on April 3, 1932, at your home in Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku, Kami-Osaki, ^--chome, #231, formerly Tokyo-l'u, Ebara Grun, Oseki Cho, Kami 0saki5 fr2?\, you geve bin five Pistols, about 125 rounds of bullets and 1500 yen at the above mentioned hone of yours, didn't you? A Yes, Q How did you hanoen to have these pistols and bullets? A I had them ever since I lived in hanchuria in 1930. Q Didn't you obtain these in a hurry because you received a request from FOGA? A It is not so. Then I received the request from K00/, I immediately said I vill give them to him next week. At a time when the control over possession of pistol was very strict b. causc of the Blood. Brotherhood and. other cases then, I couldn't have obtained them in a ^eek if I didn't have them. I had them in my possession. Document No. 1908 R page No. 28 G Then coulduH you ha oe handed than over immediately? I- I told hi i someti .ie later because there were several persons in the room where_the nistols were kent. Q KOC-i stated that he received 2000 yen from you at your home on the 29 of that month. Hor" s.houo ib? A I can't recall it. G On May 13 of t o t year, Isami TURd" A seemed to have received money from you when he called with a latter from KOG/. How much did ycu give him? A I geve him 25CO yen. G What did you th?nk the money was to be used for? A I thought that they needed money to mobilise the farmers. Q Can't you recall the 2000 yen of April 29? A I can:t. I don:t mean to deny it, but I can't recall it. Q .According to K0C-A, this money was given to A I K Y O J U F U five times, totalling loOO yen, the break down of which is as follows: 1. ?00 yen to Gr'T0, "'unihiko at Kasumigawa Air Corps during the middle of Anril. 2. 200 yen to the same person it SAN'TUFA KU et about the sa^e time. 500 yen to H/2HI, rhozo on April 30. 4. 400 yen to T.'CHIBAKA, Kosaburo at "CTJI-K/'TTJ during the early part of May. 5. 200 yen to GOTO, Eunihiko at £TTIK5cHA on May 15, Alto, it is clai :d thet you gave 160 yen tc OfTJDA Kideo in four times, 550 to 660 yen to IKS "TfU Takeshi in several times, 1700 to 1800 to 2200 or 2300 to K C ^ m , Isamu in several times and 500 yen to Y J ' K T I HI Hiroshi in two times, Do you recall it? Document No. 1908 B Page No. 29 A No, I don't. r: £ere you ever requested to provide quarters? A I can't recall thc date, but I received such request from K0C- for several of his comrades, but I told him to take them to a hotel end did not provide any quarters, Q The text of the February Incident is like this, but did you learn of it ueon hearing it later? (At this juncture, r., b, and e of item '̂1 of the summary of the original judgment against T/CriE/NA, Fozaburo and 19 others wore read aloud.) I know about it. 0 eron't you aware thr.t confusion or disturbance on such a scclc world be caused? A Generally soeakirg, it is quitu different in nature, but I thought that they were going to mobilize thc fcrmcrs. Q T'hat did ĵ ou think the "obilizcd farmers would do? 1 They ^ould do various thirgs such ts rushing to thc Premier's official residence, but, after all, I thought th t thoy would lead the masses with tho intention of causing a riot. Q You thought that they would c use a so-ctlled peasant r volt? / I thought that many peasants would gr thcr in Tokyo and strrt something like v peasant revolt. Q Numerically spesking, how many did you think would assemble? A I thought t least a thousand would assemble. Q You did not have any conn ction wh.tioev r with T.'.CKIB/NA, Kostburo of "I^YOJUrU? / I did not even know his nam?, 0 Did you know HOh.'A end Toy;.-'/, your co-dffondants? •cum nt No. 19°? B P- go No. 30 I knew them by name only, but I never associated with them intimately. In what manner did you want to r> form J;.pen? To me, the question of where to begin and in what manner, is a sccordcry que stion. In my org nion, it is resolutely impossible to fcform s state by drafting a concrete plan and making it fit into thct form. But I have: a general goal as to whet extent end scope the st:tc of Japan should be reformed. That goal, generally speaki'g, is thrt which wo have been taught by the roliticc.1 experience of Europe during the period 15 to 16 yc. rs after the Europe?, n r,ar. In regard to economy, it is ne • dlcss to say, wo should practice nationalistic economies or controlled economies rs much as possible according to the circumstances of the state. In politics, we should temporarily do aw; y with the two party system and out into practice the autoes ti c one party system for the necessary Period or" time. I am not fdvocating this recording to c prirciple such as n: ti.orc liftic socialistic or any other principle. The necessity of n-tional life or group life will n; tup? P y make ur assume such . form for the rake of <=elf-presorv; tion. After all, e ven by studying the political progress of th<- v: rious countries f o.1 loving the Erroper n ••r-r, you "-ill notice thrt the principles towrrds which they lean, for example that of Russia and of Germany, are drastically diff- rent, but actually wh: t ie bcirg carried out is very much clor r to ore' other. One has taken up n- tior. lirtic economy under the n ™o of communism at a grc t rate of roccd. She has gone from the left to the right to make the genuine communism of the period or the Rusri-n Revolution r.pocar entirely diff rort from th; t of today. On the other hand, G rmany and Italy ere opposed to communism, but their economic system in reality ht. s gradually swung clos r to the left. I believe this is exactly the same rs during the period rftcr the French Re volution when the political .form the vr rious r tions settled down to the democratic government system or politics centering rround the parliament ir spite of the f ct tbrt some had advocated nism and others honerchism. Therefore, I believe it is proper to consider that Japan will start from both ends . nd draw closer end settle down, generally rkirg, to an economic system end politic?1 system that arc to th riglX of Russia's and to the left of Germany's in the future. As long as Japan is to conduct her national life or group life on this earth, I brieve the qu.sti.on in rcg; rd to the: reform of Jrp-.n will settle down to this scope, but the question is how is she r-oir.:g to be brought to this point. j\t present, there are many who arc opposed locimont Mo. 1?08 B Payc No. to advancing the Japanese nation in such a moaner, purely from ocrsonal interest, /nd various persons arc thinking in various ways as to the host means to st; rt from in order to steer through this and advance tc-Td srch a system. The Mr.reh Revolution and the October Revolution, ir:< nWoued b. the Chief Justice, are th so. /ccording to my belief, the most rational end possible means of achieving the purpose of a national reformation is to execute a fundamental policy through a national movement. Ls for that policy, national life will be saved from its pre sent dilemma by raisin - it and through it the found, tion of a new national life can be established. Besides, if a. eol.icy that possesses such a characteristic as would make even the reformation of the other aspects of the economic system naturally inevitable through its execution is executed, the outline por national reform; tion rill bo established. That is, the only possible means is to execute a very simple, clear and fundament*1 policy through the strength of the people. Even in establishing a military government, it is my opinion, as an actual problem, that it must be done in this manner. Now, as to what I believe such a policy to bo, it is, simply speaking, agr. rim moratorium. I thought that this was the best. Q .. while ago, you stated that as an as ect of mutual interdependence of the lofislrtur< in a now sense fraternity should be made the be.sis in the economic field. Concretely soof. king, what do you mean by it? I. Gen rally speaking, ooen competition, based on egotism, is dominating our economic life. This is fundamentally contrary to tho spirit of fraternity.. Hence, I mean that the power of the state should bo cast into tho economic life of th-: people to T,Tioe away such economic inequality as is existing today. That is, tho wealth of' the nation should be advanced as closely as possible to a system that wild be of service to the people, in general. Q What is itf relationship wit'- capitalism? L Und'-r capitalism such as that of today, things disadvantageous to tho people aro b ing done freely. For example, take my friend, ISHIH/.R' , Koichiro, of whom I spoko previously. This person was engaged in tho transportation business in tho southern ; rea, but he obttinod certain monopoly rights for coal in Borneo from tho Nethcrlfnds Government, He brought it to Nagoya and sold it -for 8 yen per ton. However, MITSUI is tho laergost marketeer of co;: 1 in Japan, but the coal mined from MITFUI mines absolutely connot bo sold a.t 8 yen. It is an extremely high priced coal, the cost of ,r-hich is believed to bo that much oven at the source. Since they would lose if the m-rket is oncroachad"upon with such coal, they persuaded Kr. IrHIH R/ to sell his monopoly rights Document No, 1908 B Page No. 32 to them, telling hin that since ooo.l-d.eeling was not his: main occu- pation ; they would be willing to take it over end rake him profit on a commission basis by widening thc scope greatly. Thus, they took away his monopoly rights. It is needier.- to state thct thc industries of Jar n ere "being doflt a greet blow in all aspects bccausc of thc high oricc of coal. If coal is cheaper, thc industries of Japan would prosper all thc more. Even in regard to Japan:s steel mi nuf: ctur: ng i ndustries, thc grecter part of the. stc-el K.ing used at tbc stee l manuf. cturing elants in I H ' K arc the best ard thc cheapest iron ores in tbc world. In spite of this, it becomes very costly to make it into rig iron, and the reason why it cannot compete r*ith the pig iron of India and erica is beer use- of thc high price of coal, If coal's price becomes v:.vr cheap, thc steel manuf; cturing industries of Jap: n could be operated very e sily end probedy would drive srry all thc machinery products from the markets of the Orient. This is but an example. They arc usurping ever the rights obtained by others in order to sell their coal ,t c high price instead of thinking about thc pc or>lc • This aboslutoly docs r.ot agree n j th the spirit of fraternity. Q When we say fraternity if meant for cech individual according to thc necessity, it may be mi ft:ken for communism, "hit docs it mean? A In communism, every one, generally speaking, is equal. At any rate, there if a necessity to change the economic system to one whore thc state will five the things necessary for the maintenance of life if the people work according to the necessity. Real fraternity mc; ns not merely to exor. ?s sympathy, but to enable one to lead a real life, Q Do you think th? t the action taken, by KOOh and other? in thc Februrry 15 Incidc nt to be right? A I believe it v- e in. vit- blc . Q hat do you think of your action or having furnished .funds and pistols? A Generally sper kirm , thc motive end the result should be considered in determining this. Since my notivo was v.ry good, I have no regret?. Considering it from its result, I don't think that it caused any bad affect - 1though in thc argument of Prosecutor KIUCHI it is claimed that it caused a bad effect, I believe it to be good for, after all, it will contribute to thc progress of our country, Document No. 19C3 B J> [>. . " (Chief Judge announced thr t the trirl will be continued bp thir stcrd-. rd. end ordered all the litigants to come or. the next dctc . The court VL.E closed.) c o pt • . :K r 12, 1934-r The T! ird Criminal H XJC rtment of the Tokyo Court of Appeal; ?ACHIDF, Rokuro, Court clerk CKiJDA, Naoie. Court Clerk YOSHID/, Tsunejiro Chief Justice. Loc. No. 1908 -B vc.gc 34 C E R T I F I C A T E W.D.C. No. I.P.S. No. 1908 Statement of Source gnd Authenticity I, Tadashi Uematsa , hereby certify that I am officially connected with the Japanese Government in the following capacity: Public Procurator of Tokyo Court of Appeals. and that as such official I had custody of the document nereto attached consisting cf 3 Volume , dated 193A to. 1936, and described as follows: Proceedings, Tokyo Court cf Appeals. I further certify tnat the attached record and document is an official document of tne Japanese Government, and that it is part of the official archives and files of the following named ministry or department (specifying also the file number or citation, if any, or any other official designation of the regular location of the document in the archives of files): Tokyo Court of Appeals, Ministry of Justice Signed at _Tokyo__ on this 6th, day cf January , 1947 /s/ T IJcmt.su. Signature of Official Public Procurator of SEAL Witness: /s/ T . Hori Tokyo Court of Appeals Official Capacity Statement of Official Procurement I. 2d, Lt.Eric ¥, Fleisher 0-93S000 , hereby certify that I am associated with the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and that the above certification was obtained by me from the above 3igned official of the Japanese Government in the conduct of my official business. Signed at Tokyo on this 6th day of Jan. , 19A7 /s/ Eric W. Fleisher, 2d. It. A .OS, MI NAME /s/ Witness: Edw, P. Mo nag ham Investigator, IPiS Official Capacity
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Ex.2158-2177A. Treatment of prisoners of war
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