AtoM
David Conde fonds
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Prosecution documents and exhibits
Conde, David W.
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\ /)_ vjtr 8 - n ^ t C- t L ^ . \ ^ o SSI? fT b^M * I F \ \ y Q. o^r. /V / Doc. No. 2223 ' y ^ x ^ ^ K iLy CjuX^J ^ \ RECORDS OF TFE PROGRESS OF TTTEORETICAL IfANOEUVERS FOR TOTAL V/AR No. 1 , p , nr „ I t ' W Q - v * * * (Secret) w „ ^ £ To be perused by ^ , _ Director of the Institute X ~ The Secretary The Staff/ PP 1-3 TFE TFIRD PERIOD (August, Showa 16 /I941/) I. The measures taken by t^e Government of "Blue Country" during the period were as followss- 1. Decided by the Cabinet. (1) To take measures for delaying A's con- ciliatory proposal to N. (2) To reply to D's request to the new Cabinet of Blue Country for manifestation of its attitude towards D by saying that as long as D observes the N-D Treaty, N will make no positive attack on D. (3) To plan the strengthening of political and military collaboration with T. (4) To leave things as t^ey are regarding X. (5) To strengthen tve purpose of joint defense regarding F. (6) To prevent further deterioration in present conditions regarding E and to continue eco- nomic negotiations. (7) To accelerate imports from A, B, E and L in view of the prospect of their cessation. (8) To provide extraordinary postal regulations by emergency Imperial decree for the opening, censoring end confiscation of mails. Doc. No. 2223 (9) To expend aid alter commodity mobilization plan by 50%. (10) To take appropriate measures for the regula- tion of food consumption; maintenance of import trade; increased production and the ration system (Rice 2,1 "go" per day and a composite ration-ticket system, etc.). (11) To set UT> a revised capital mobilization plan with an ¥800,000,000 reduction in administrative expenses. II. The following measures were reported in the Cabinet council:- (1) Telegraphic instructions were sent to the Am- bassador to A to sound A's true intentions and the possibility of a concession - Foreign Minister. (2) Measures to increase shipping and crevjs and plans for marine transportation - Communications Minister. (3) Measures to cope with the shortage of 300,000 labourers. - Welfare Minister. (4) Various measures regarding tve freezing of funds and measures for industrial funds - Finance Minister. (5) Measures for overland transportation; (Passenger and freight - t1'rough Korea and Man- ci'ukuo) - Railway Minister. The Fourth Period (September, Showa 16 /1941/) pp. Measures taken during this period were as followss 4-6 I. Decidcd by the Cabinet;- (1) To reply that we shall not deviate from our policy of abiding by the Treaty of Alliance in answer to X's request that N sTould immediately participate in the war against A. (2) To establish our position gradually regarding T. Doc. No. 2228 (3) To continue our usual policy regarding A end D. (4) To obtain as much materials from A, B, E and L as the situation permits. (5) To maintain strict control against the internal spread of false rumors, and to give tve people a more thorough knowledge of t^e present situation. (6) To place small-type transportation and freigVt trucks under government control as a measure for small scale transportation in special areas. (7) To set up a Shipping Board and to place all pri- vate shipping under government control. (8) To adjust and reorganize the medium and small- scale tradesmen and manufacturers, and thereby prevent the confusion arising from tve reduction of f-e volume of civilian goods, as well as to redistribute labour to lines urgently needed in the emergency. (9) To enact an Imperial ordinance for fixing official prices of scares. II. Matters reported at the Cabinet fleeting: - (1) Measures for securing a propagandizing com- munication network for coping witv wartime emergencies. (2) Measures concerning tVe leakage of seciets. (3) Measures in tho o'ducutional field' for establishing a thought guidance system, exalting t^e morale of educators, and perfecting the labour mobilization system of students. (4) Food policy. (i) Importation of 10,000,000 koku /TN. 49,629,000 bushels/ of foreign rice. (ii) Enforcement of a composite ration-ticket system. (iii) Establishment of a self-sufficient food supply bloc. Doc. 2228 Page 4 (5) Leasures for dealing with the unsatisfactory importation of Korean rice. (6) Pirn for promoting t1-e subscription of Government bonds end for maintaining tveir market prices. (7) Counter-measures for the unemployment of medium and small-scale tradesmen and manufacturers in tve overseas. (8) Civilian aviation policy. (9) Plan for the distribution of ocean vessels. TOP SECRET The Fifth Period (October, S^owa 16 /1941/) pp. 7-8 1. It was decided that E shall be occupied by force, end immediate all-out preparations for war shall be launched in anticipation of a war against /., B and E'j and t^at the Supreme Command shall be consulted at once, and be informed that we hope to apply force three months T-ence. Various measures were discussed and decided upon, re- garding t^e Cabinet Council's decisions on the 15th October for tve invasion of E. 2. Emergency air defense measures to meet the international situation were decided upon and an estimation was made as to vow far X would cooperate with N in t>e event of Blueland participating in the war against A, etc. 3. Tve Government1s answer to t^e request lately submitted to t^e Government by the Supreme Command asking for tve Government's concrete views regarding our precise capacity for waging war against A, B and C, was discussed and decided. 4. A second committee consisting of t>"e vice ministers of the various ministries concerned was established, for the preparation and preliminary study of measures necessary for starting hostilities against A and B. 5. Reports were received from the various I.inisters about matters under tl-eir jurisdiction, tse most important questions brought up being as follows (1) Food measures to cope witv the decrease of rice and otver cereals. Doc. No. 2228 (2) Stock market measures to cope with the depre- ciation of shares. (3) Measures for V~e disposal of savings in local banks. (4) Measures for tve cessation of trade with A, L, E, a nd B. (5) Measures for psychological warfare to conceal our intentions of invading E. pp. The Sixth Period (November, Showa. 16 /1941/) 9-11 1. It was decided to reply that the Government is in complete agreement with the Supreme Command in their request for maximum speed in the execution of tve actions pre-arranged against E and to that end will hold a joint conference where it >opes for Cabinet decisions. 2. Decision was reacved on t1ne questions to be discussed in the said liaison conference, of which the most important were: (1) Date and time of the armed in- vasion, (2) Purpose and form of tve expedition, (3) and diplomatic policies at the time. 3. In view of the situation during the middle and latter parts of November, it was decided that, wvile making up our mind to open forestalling hostilities against A and B at a good opportunity as soon as preparations are completed, diplomatic negotiations svall be continued peacefully witv them. 4. The Government decided on a petition to the Emperor to convoke an extraordinary session of the Imperial Diet immediately after the invasion of E, and on tve bills to be introduced Into the Diet, the more impor- tant of which are as follows: - China Affair Emergency War Expenditure Specirl /.ccount Budget Bill. Tax Increase Bill. Wartime Finance Corporation Bill. St^te Management of Shipping Bill. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 6. Cooperative Farming Bill. Revision of the Railway Business Law. Special Criminal Procedure in Wartime Emergency Bill. Wartime People's Life Maintenance Bill 5. The important items decided by or reported to the Cabinet Council are as follows:- Decisions on:- (1) Draft reply to D's proposal to N of November 10. (2) Reauest for the closing of A and B's consulates in N. (3) Measures for coping with any deficiencies in our internal police strength. (4) Concerning the enforcement of a clothes rationing system. Reports on:- (1) Plans for dealing with tve complexities of the labour situation. (2) Plans for an increase in svipping„ (3) Food plans (4) Plans for internal and external psychological warfare. The Seventh Period (December, Svowa 16 /1941/) pp. 12-13 1. Cabinet decisions were mainly as follows:- (1) To make increased efforts in preparations for war against A and B, and endeavour to achieve speedy results from our invasion of L. (The above decision was introduced for con- sideration in the joint council with t^e Supreme Command, and it was decided to wage war on A due to considerations of strategy. This decision received Imperial sanction.) Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 6. Cooperative Farming Bill. Revision of the Railway Business Law. Special Criminal Procedure in Wartime Emergency Bill. Wartime People's Life Maintenance Bill 5. The important items decided by or reported to the Cabinet Council are as followss- Decisions ons- (1) Draft reply to D's proposal to N of November 10. (2) Renuest for the closing of A and B's consulates in N. (3) Measures for coping with any deficiencies in our internal police strength. (4) Concerning the enforcement of a clothes rationing system. Reports on;- (1) Plans for dealing with tve complexities of the labour situation. (2) Plans for an increase in svippingo (3) Food plans (4) Plans for internal and external psycvological warfa re. The Seventh Period (December, S^owa 16 /1941/) PP. 12-13 I- Cabinet decisions were mainly as follows (1) To make increased efforts in preparations for war against A and B, and endeavour to achieve speedy results from our invasion of L. (The above decision was introduced for con- sideration in the joint council with tve Supreme Command, and it was decided to wage war on A due to considerations of strategy. This decision received Imperial sanction.) / Doc. 2228 Page 7 To file a strong protest against the unlawful sinking of our warships by L. To file a protest against /.1 s declaration of a neutral sea. zone in the Far East. To file a protest against A's oppression of tve Japanese nationals in A. To inform third powers that we Vave started hostilities against E. To sign a secret anti-war pact with D. To make it our policy to keep the L countries neutral. To take, upon declaration of war on A and B, the direct measures reported by tve Second Committee. The following food measures were decided:- (1) Basic consumption of rice and cerealss- 1.9 "go" per day. (2) To expedite the import of foreign rice and rice from outside Japan. (10) To place t^e whole country under martial lav/. (11) To make sure of our plans for railway trans- portation at the time war is declared. (12) Diet Measures. (1) To carry out a general election. (2) Measures to shorten tvc period of ad- journment. 2. Plans for psychological warfare at the beginning of tlne war, ^nd other important measures were reported in tve Cabinet Council. The Eighth Period (January-March, Showa 17 /1942/) pp. 14-16 1. It was arranged, following consultation with t^e Supreme ( 2 ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Doc. 2228 Page 8 Command, to sound T rs to the possibilities of utilizing her for military pu^posos, svort of turning her into an actual battlefield. 2. Transportation of war supplies fron I to D by D's ships will not be interfered with, but trade between L and D through neutral ships will be discouraged as nuch as possible by the establishment of danger zones and by application of the principle of non-stop voyages for wartime contraband» 3. Bills to be submitted to the regular session of the Diet were considered and it was decided that the term of session should be one month. The most important of the bills introduced into the Diet were as follows: General budget for the fiscal year 194-2. Supplementary bills to the Special Budget for Extraordinary Military Appropriations for tve China Incident. Bill fcr t>-e revision of the regulations of the Bank of Japan. A bill for the reduction or exemption of taxes in afflicted areas. A bill for banking organizations. Bills for taxes and bonds. A bill for government airraid insurance. bill for corporations to utilize wartime installations A bill for corporations for wartime control of resources A bill for revision of the telegraph and postal regula- tions . A bill concerning special wartime crimes and punishments A bill for special civil case procedures for wartime emergency conditions. Doc. 2228 Page 9 A bill for tve enforcement of conscription in Korea. A bill for the incorporation of schools. 4. The proposals of the First Committee were listened to and studied concerning a valuation of the economic importance as a whole of E, and t^e general course of action for administration of tve occupied territories. 5. Reports were received on t>e damage sustained in the air raids on Tokyo, estimated at 32,000 houses burnt down and a cotal of 172,000 victims, and on the countermeasures to be taken by the various ministers for matters under their respective jurisdiction. The Ninth Period (April-October, 1942) pp. The matters decided upon by the Cabinet council during 17-18 the period were mainly as follows 1. To enter a strong protest with D for having supplied A with bases and at the same time to suspend forthwith the facilities given D and make preparations for war a gainst D. 2. To reply to X's request for hostilities by us against D by saying that X must bo satisfied for f'"e present witv the blockade we now intend to carry out, and to request X in return to engage energetically in the destruction of A's shipping. (These were the measures to oe taker, during April and May.) 3. To vanquish all the difficulties of the present situation and carry out t?e Kanchurian emigration policy, as alread;^ planned. 4. Things being what they were in July, tve Cabinet did not reach agreement on whether or not we should open hostilities against D, due to the strong convictions voiced that the military supplies required by the Supreme Command (Revision of the commodity mobilization plan by 100$. expansion) beyond the nation's capacity. 5. Conference was held regarding t>e proposed plan for strengthening the Cabinet, but no conclusion was reached. Doc. 2228 Page 10 6. Offensive measures for economic warfare against A end B were reported by tve Finance I: inister. p.19 Records of t"ne Progress of Diplomatic Warfare In the Treoretical Maneuvers for Total War No. 1 August 23, 1941 Akira CFIBA, Foreign Minister The General Outline of the Progress Akira CFIBA, Foreign Minister pp. T^e Third Period (August 1941) 20-21 In conformity with tve decisions of the conference held in tVe Imperial presence on 10 August, our diplomatic policies during this period were aimed chiefly at prepara- tions for our advance into the Southern Regions wV-ile at the same time maintaining t^e status quo between N and X and avoiding conflict with A and D by the following line of action:- (1) We avoided making any definite reply to A's suggestion of 10 August to neutralize the alliance between N and X in view of the fact that ultimately the national policies of N and A were irreconcilable and we did our best to delay a. clash with A by following s neutral policy. (2) We endeavoured to promote friendly relations with D by settling trade and fishing problems wit1- her. We invoked the treaty of neutrality existing between N and D and thus endeavoured to c^eck A-D collaboration aimed against N. (3) We sounded T on her inclination to cooperate politically and militarily with N and also endeavoured to strengthen economic cooperation with T. Finding T faced with numerous internal political difficulties, we concon- trated the greater part of our efforts on the latter objec- tive and obtained considerable success during this period as well as the next, (4) We endeavoured to obtain as much materials as possible from E, A, B and L, but without much success due to various obstacles during the next and subsequent periods. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 11. DID. The Fourth Period (September) 21-22 During this period, we followed the sane policy as we had in tve previous one. (1) X decided to open hostilities against A due to A s offensive, and requested us to do so simul- taneously. We answered tvet though relations between N and X remained the same, N found it inconvenient to npen hostilities just at present. X began to try to make peace ag=-in with B, but we pointed out that as there was little possi- bility of success in it we hoped she would rather intensify her war against B and also proposed joint N-X operations in case of war against A. (2) A asked N for the expression of N's attitude. We told A that we were concerned with the main- tenance of peace In the Pacific and tried to make A believe that our determination to observe the treaty between N and X was unchanged. (3) In view of the impending war between A and X, the Foreign Minister demanded of the Government that they implement their resolution to observe tve treaty between N and X.and effect immediate completion of armaments and all military prepara- tions for war against it and B. The Fifth Period (October) PP. 22- X at last opened hostilities against A. A interned 23 N's ships; B, E and L followed suit. Economic negotiations with E came to a. stop. On the 15th at a cabinet council, it was decided that we would march into E at a favourable opportunity on or after 1 December. Accordingly, our dip- lomacy during this period was rs follows J - (1) X again requested us to open war on A at once, to wvich we answered that our resolution to abide by the treaty was unchanged and tvat we would soon be invading E. We notified X of the assistance we expected from her in case N pusved southward or declared war against A. (2) We avoided provoking A and confined ourselves to a protest against 1 1s internment of our svips, without resorting to retaliatory measures. We also lodged similar protests against the Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 12. interment of our ships by B and L. (2) We warned E against tve internment of cur ships and t'rc seiznare of our goods. The Governnent still entertained some hopes of peaceful settle- ment in spite of tve decision of the Cabinet Council on tve 15th, and decided to reopen economic negotiations but could not rcacv an agreement with the Supreme Command headquarters as to the methods by wvich the negotiations should be carried on. The Government, therefore, hPd no alternative but to notify its envoy in E. (The Foreign Minister proposed sending an ulti- matum "fust before resorted to armed force, but r the b'upr̂ ttie UOMtand FeadquaTters objected to this \ 5y arguing the necessity of concealing our ) intentions r> — The Sixth Period (November) PP. 23- In response to A's declaration of war on X and strengthening of its position against N in the early part of this period, it was decided to carry out our plans at an earlier date and start operations against E on the 15th of this month. (1) Y7e immediately lodged with E our minimum economia requirements and opened negotiations, but E refused our requests. On the 1 5 t h we started operations against E. (2) . Just before tve invasion of the 15th, we asked X for assistance from the rear by intensifying her operations against D. (3) Immediately following our invasion on the 15th, we notified JI and B of the objective of our ad- vance and of the necessity of our taking counter- measures if we were interfered with. A and B declared a severance of economic relations with N and demanded the withdrawal of our consulate personnel. They also detailed their forces in preparation against us. So the War, Navy and Foreign Ministers urged the Government to take the initiative in starting hostilities against L and B, but the Government could not yet bring itself to this decision. 25 Doc. No. 2228 Page 13 (4) V.'c only demanded the closing of the consulates of A and Be (5) During the- middle part of this rcnth D demanded fat rc guarantee tve territorial integrity and importation cf goods from third countries. We beg?ji negotiations for the guarantee on tve con- dition that was not put to military use by A. The Seventh Period (December) pp. 25- It was wvi?.e our operations against E were progressing 26 favourably that A on the 1st unlawfully declared a neutral zone in the seas off P, tvus impeding our operations, and on the 5th unlawfully sank our transports. We again urged the Government to make a decision and wit? the understanding of t^e Government we took tvc following actions: (1) We lodged a strong protest with / against her unlawful actions. Then on the 10th the Cabinet Council decided to start hostilities against A. On the 20th, we began attacking tve strategic point of P.' A and B declared war on us. (2) We took the necessary steps both internally and for third countries regarding A and B's declara- tion of war. (3) We proposed to X the issuing of a joint declara- tion on the objectives of the war, to whic^ X agreed; and we issued it. And at the same tine N and X concluded a nen-single-pea.ee treaty. (4) In response to E's declaration of war at the beginning of tvis month, we started hostilities against her. (5) At the beginning of -tVis month. w e requested D to sign a secret anti-war pactl This was signed at the end of tve month. The Eight? Period (Jan. - March, 1942) pp. 26-27 (1) A request was made by t^e Supreme Command Fcad- quarters regarding cooperation witv T. Accordingly, as the result of a joins c^nfercnce witv tvc Supreme Command Fead- qua.rters, the Government decided to sound T on her intentions. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 14. In February we were in tve middle of this when B invaded T, which gave us tre opportunity for concluding a joint-defence agreement bec-aeen N and 1', N and f were to jointly oppose A and B and N v/ts offered facilities for her troops to pass through T. (2) T'-e-'c was some suspicion that D was connected with A, so we warned D in order to check her. On the otver hand, in respect to J?*s request for a guarantee in obtaining goods from'A, we dccided to accord to D facilities for her vessels to pass through the below-mentioned danger zones and endeavoured to observe the secret treaty. In March D asked cur assistance in obtaining goods from G, F, T, P and Q, but / we refused for operational reasons. (3) T^crc were signs of an inciease in trade between A and D by means of L!s ships 5 our navy declared a danger- zone In our neighboring seas and took measures to make it physically impossible for neutral ships to get through. All of the L countries, except I, B and C, demanded the with- drawal of cur diplomats and we retaliated by severing relations with them. The Ninth Period (Apr.-July, 1942) (1) A1s attack upon us by aircraft and submarines increasingly deepened our suspicions of an understanding between A and D, so we suspended sometime in May tve facilities for D's ships to pass through the danger zone and lodged a strong protest with D for violating tve secret anti-war treaty. (2) To XTs request that we start hostilities against D, we asked her to be satisfied with our intensified opera- tions against A and B end the pressure we were exerting upon D. (3) As it became certain in July t^at A was naking use of R, the Foreign Minister urged the Government to take e string ettitucle towards D. The Government, however, reached no decision on counter measures. Our diplomatic measures were to be considered as socn as tvc Government1s decision was made. r Dcc. Ho. 2228 Pp.ce 15. 153 B3C03D OF EESQFETIGaL M^MSUVSES FOB. TOTAL WAR So. 1 (Confidential Dc current s) By: , Peeado Wax Ministry Date; .Situs t 1941 p.30-32 Eecord of Maneuvers By Minister SEI3AI Masa.ta^su (tho War Ministry) Vice Minister CKAKUHa Shun (the *ar Ministry) The Third period of maneuvers (August) 1. Measures against -t; Against A?S proposal of August 10th, the Minister firmly insisted ft the Five Ministers' Conference, that "we should not pgree to it, "but should push phead independently with the preparations for advance into 28.," 3ut in view of the demand from the Supreme Connrnd Headquarters that ''they desire to secure materials fron A, L, etc., as much as possible," the Conference adopted a terrorizing policy for the negotiations with A. 2. Internal measures. In view of the fact that tho country's internal affairs had at last become very complicated, what with the military and industrial mobilizations, the Minister requested the other Ministers to make efforts to exterminate these obstacles "by adipting the principle of military priority at this time of emergency. 3. Hevised comiv-'dity mobilization plan and the estimation of fightinc caoac ity. .after being informed by the Sttprene Comma.nd Headquarters of the scale of war against A. B> and E, we were asked our opinion of cur war prosecution capacity. After conferring forthwith with the Planning Board and others we worked cut a revised plan for commodity nobilizati n. This we reformed to the Supreme Command Headquarters and obtained its agreement along the line of the government plan. The estimate of our war prosecution capacity, we did ouf? best to complete in corporation with the Planning Board. (This estimate was presented to the Supreme Command in the fourth period after approval by the Cabinet Council.) Doc. ITo. 2228 Pâ re 16 4. The expansion of the productive power of munitions factories. In accordance with, what we had planned, we notified the factories concerned of our expansion goal. 5. Conscription of civilians. Uecessary personnel for nunitions factories according to our plan was conscripted. 5. The First (Remittee Meeting. The First Committee meeting was held and. decided the fundamental policy for the handling of occupied territories. >p.33- 34 The fourth period of maneuvers (September) 1. External mea.sures. In view of the international situation, we presented to the Cabinet Council our considered opinion that, "Blue Country should continue to expedite her preparations for southward advance, while securing her position on the side of X." As this opinion was generally in accord with the proposal made "by the Foreign Minister, we further expressed our desire to know the real intontions of X's peace offensive against B. 2. Pushing ahead with the revised commodity mobilization. In view of the unsatisfactory progress in the shift to the revised commodity mobilization, we not only promoted its enforcement inside our own department, "but also called the attention of other Ministries to this point "by expressing our opinion in the Cabinet Council. 3. The strengthening of the Cabinet's powers of control. Believinc that, in view of the acute situation, it was urgently necessary to strengthen the Cabinet's powers cf control, we presented our opinion to the Cabinet Council a,nd obtained the approval of other Ministers with rega,rd to the putting into operation of xirticlo 2 cf Imperial Ordinance i!o. 673 (of 1939) and other matters. 4. The readjustment of civil aviation. -ifter conferring with the ministers of the iTavy and of Communications, we adopted a readjustment plan for civil aviation. In view of the shortage of fuels, the plan called for the abolition of all a.ir routes, except •khose connecting IT with the continent and the Southern Region, though the training of crews was to be continued on the present scale. The plan waB approved by the Cabinet Council. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 17. 5. Psychological warfare against C. Taking advantage of the anti-war sentiments in C, we issued orders to all concerned to intensify psychological warfare against C. 6. External measures "based on newly reported conditions. We proposed to the Cabinet Council that '"Blue Country' should make up her mind that war against A and 3 was inevitable, and to promptly complete all preparations for it," but the Cabinet Council decided that its policy would remain unchanged. p.?5- 37 The fifth period of maneuvers (October) 1. External measures. In view of the international situation, the Minister firmly insisted in the Cabinet Council, that "Blue Country" must promptly complete all her preparations against A and B, and carry through her economic demands against E by intensified pressure." He also urged emphatically that it was time for "Blue Country" to adopt concrete measures for advancing into E (anticipated to take place about one month later). However, since some thought a date some three months later would be more appropriate, no decision was reached even by midnight. The Cabinet went to the Liaison Conference armed with both proposals, where they decided on a. measure for planning for armed advaixe into E by grasping a good opportunity any time after 1 December." 2. C's request for the purchase of munitions. It was proposed and approved by the Cabinet Council that with reference to C's request for the purchase of munitions "though not complying with the request in substance, we will manifest our earnest desire to help her, and not cive a definite refusal to her request until after our advance into the South." 3. Air defense. (1) The Home Minister proposed amonc others, "an urgent Imperial Ordinance for the Enforcement of Air Defense," to which we agreed. (2) We proposed to the Cabinet Council that preparations be made for enforcing martial law in order to strengthen air defense. Since the Home Minister disagreed, it was decided to negotiate with him on this matter. * 4. External measures to cope with additional conditions. .;e expressed our opinion at the Cabinet Council tha.t with reference f- ^ •>•.- * idranfo into E "we should first enter into diplomatic Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 18. negotiations with E and if she did not conply with our demands "by the tine December arrives, we should surprise her with an armed advance." The Cabinet Council, however, fpiled to cone to an agreement of opinion on the question of whether or not in our plans for diplomatic negotiations we should take an attitude tantamount to an ultimatum. 5. The convocation of the Diet. As regards the convocation of the Diet, there were proposals for convening it in December, "but as the Supreme Command Headquarters asked for its postponement ir. order to keep its plans secret, we agreed to it and proposed the postponement to the Cabinet Council. However, no conclusion was reached. 6. The cooperation of X with IT. The Supreme Command Headquarters asked us our estimate of the degree of cooperation which X would extend to 3)1 in case the latter declared war against A. The Minister, as the minister in charge, made the estimate required, and notified the Supreme Command Head- quarters of it via the Cabinet Council. 0.38- The sixth period of maneuvers (November) 1. External measures. In this period, it became clear that the Supreme Command Head- quarters "scarcely expected the acceptance of our demands by E prior to our armed advance into E and hoped the date of the advance would be speeded up." Thus, the ouestion of whether or not to adopt a step tantamount to an ultimatum, and the question of the convocation of the Diet which had been -sending since the last period, were settled. 2. Martial law. We proposed ecain to the Cabinet Council the proclamation of martial lav;, and it was unanimously decided that "the necessary prepara.ti.ns shall be begun immediately, and the time for its announcer,; nt shall bo fixed after the beginning of war against a and B." 3. Internal labour conditions. In view of the shortage of internal labour, we made a thorough application of the principle of military priority, and at the same time released essential technicians from military service. Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 19. *i. Internal control. In view of the lack of capacity for control, we took necessary measures for cooperation, and reported the natter to the Cabinet Council. 5. External measures to cope with additional conditions. Though we strongly insisted in the Cabinet Council that "Blue Country" should sake up her mind to start vrar against A and B in the middle part of December, the Cabinet Council decided tha.t "our preparations should be continued, but tha.t a. la.st effort should be made to avoid or postpone the opening of hostilities." 6. Anti-air defense order. V/e proposed to the Supreme Command Headquarters that the air defense order should be issued early in December. •;o. 40- 42 The seventh period of maneuvers (December) 1. External measures. After explaining that the war against E was progressing, that the war against A was inevitable, and that both internal and external conditions of "Blue Country" were supremely favorable for the immediate opening of hostilities against A, we strongly urged that '"Blue Country' should suddenly open hostilities against A in the middle part of DeCember"and first of all swiftly capture P. But p,s some again proposed a more cautious attitude towards A, the Council was completely divided in opinion. As time was pressing, the Cabinet adopted the Premier's arguments for circumspection, but at the Liaison Conference which it. attended, thanks to the strong demands of the Supreme Command Headquarters, it decided to start war against A (B). 2. Gubernatorial conference. The prefectural governors' conference was held in early December, at which we expressed our opinions on cooperation between the military and civil. 3. Ma.rt ial law. After the start of war against A and B, FORMOSA and KYUSHU districts wera raided several times by enemy air 'forces, and it Doc. No. 2228 Page 20. 0-43- was anticipated, that the whole country would "be subject to air raids. We therefore proposed in the Cabinet Council the enforcement of jrartial law throughout the country rs the shief means of ensuring air defense. After obtaining the consent of the Cabinet Ministers, we notified the Supreme Conmand Headquarters. 4. Measures for the Diet. The bill for the enforcement of conscription law in KOHHA was pa.ssed by the Cabinet Council, and submitted to the regular- session ^J of the Diet. 5. Relations with X- In view of the extreme intimacy into which the relations between H and X have been brought by II1 s participation in the war against A and 3, we proposed that we should again open negotiations with X in regard to future cooperation. The proposal wa.s approved by the Cabinet Council. 6. The import of F and T rice. At the request of the Agricultural and Forestry Ministry, and the Communications Ministry, we requested the Supreme Command Headquarters for tkeir assistance in the purchase and tra.nsporta.tion of F and T rice. 7. Strengthening of the Cabinet. ITationa,l administration needs to be carried out with the maximum of speed and vigour now that the war had been started against A and B, but in fact the Cabinet was always divided in opinion, thereby rendering t the present cabinet; i^caApetent to meet the emergency. We therefore expressed our belief in the need of a. wholesale resignation by the present cabinet to allow the en. r-\ence of another and more powerful Cabinet. However, it was decided that the Cabinet would carry on with its endeavors for a. united front in national administration with- out resorting to wholesale resignation. At the Cabinet Meeting, the War Minister was also dissuaded from resigning. The eighth period of maneuvers (January-March) 1. External measures. At the demand of the Supreme Command Headquarters regarding T, we proposed in the Cabinet Council an immediate occupation of T. But most of the Ministers opposed the proposal, emrhasising the disadvan- tages to us if the war extended to T, and as it was felt that the demands of the Supreme Command Headquarters were not backed up by conditions Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 21. of sufficient urgency, the Cabinet Council decided first of all to sound T's real intentions. 2. Anti-air-raid measures. We reported to the Cabinet Council on the facts of the air-vaid of 25 January. At the sane tine, regarding the treatment of shot-down crew, we maintained that we should treat them differently from ordinary prisoners of war, and make this treatment contribute to the prevention of airraids by using it in psychological warfare. But some opposed it from the viewpoint of psychological wa-rfare. So it was decided that, in any subsequent repetition of the incident, we should take propaganda measures on the lines of the suggestion. 3. Internal psychological warfare. We requested those concerned to pay attention to the fact that, although all our military preparations were progress in.: favourably, the war situation did not yet, of course, warrant optimism for the future and that, in view of the national character of the Japanese neople, which was lacking in high tension endurance, we needed take some adequate steps to bolster national morale. The ninth period of maneuvers (April - October) 1. External measures. In view of the fact that the damage caused by A's air forces and. submarines, whose base was certainly H, was steadily increasing, the Minister maintained in the Cabinet Council that "Blue Country' while continuing its hostilities against A and 3, should step up its preparations for \var against D and adopt a strong minded attitude in ensuring the fulfilment of the secret agreement, in particular, we should promptly put an end to imports by D's ships, and at the same time notify D that, if we secure positive proof that D is permitting A to use its bases, we will attack these bases." The Council agreed in general to the proposal, but it was decided about the notification that, at a time when a decisive battle against A was imminent, we should avoid provoking D by what ire could not put into practice. 2. The further stepping up of general mobilization. We gave orders to those concerned to step up still more general mobilization in preparation for a, war against D. 3. The disposition of the materials seized in E. On this subject, we reported the things required to the Supreme Command Headquarters, after conferring with the ministries concerned Doc. No. 2228 Page 22. with economic affairs. 4. Estimation of our capacity for maintaining war against D. After "being notified "by the Supreme Command Headquarters of the scale of the military operations against D, ve gave the information principally to the Planning Board and., with its cooperation, succeeded in making the estimation. 5. Diplomatic measures to co-oe with additional conditions. In s:>ite of the great victory in the naval "battle between the main forces of N and A, A's attacks from H became increasingly fierce. On the other hand, X was overwhelmingly successful in its war against D. In view of the above facts, the Minister pro- posed in the Cabinet Council the following plan: "According to the estimation of our national strength, we are not fully confident of success against D even if we speed up the preparations for war against D which will involve the very destiny of our country. 9o we should make efforts to drive away A from H by separating D from and £ through reconciliation between D and X." But no conclusion „s reached owing to difference of opinion among the Cabinet Ministers over our war prosecution capacity. Thereupon, the Minister, after conferring again with the Suprene Command Head- quarters, came to the conclusion that this was a literally un- precedented opportunity for JAPAil and that we could obtain further ciaterial for military purposes if we took proportionately unprece- dented measures. So he brought up the matter once more in the Cabinet Council and strongly urged the Planning 3oard to reconsider things, but all doubts were not dispelled. Finally, as the result of a Liaison Conference, a decision was reached to start war ageinst D by adopting Plan B for general mobilization and a reconsideration of our operational plans. Doc. No. 2228 Page 23. p.48 THEORETICAL MANEUVERS FOR TOTAL WAR No. 1 Report on the Development of Psychological Warfare (Confidential document) Submitted on August 23rd, 1941. Minister of State and Vice President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association. EARA, Taneyuki The Third period We submitted to the Government of Slue Country "Measures for raising national morale to meet the emergency" in the middle part • f August, 1941. pp.48- 49 The fourth period. We submitted to the Government of Blue Country in the latter part of September "The Counter-Measures of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for Conditions in the Early, Middle and the latter Parts of September." The Fifth oeriod. 1. Tov.-ard the end of September, 1941, we proposed to the Government of Blue Country the establishment of a Board of Technology in view of the urgent situation. Toward the end of October, 1941, we presented to the Government "The I.R.A.A.'a Situation Report on the Tendencies of Public Sentiment," and at the same time reported to the Government the gist of the basic counter-measures. The Sixth -period /T.I. - This period is not driven in the original/ The Seventh yeriod 1. Toward the end of December, 1941, we planned and settled "The,,. Outline of the I.R.A.A.'s Counter-Measures for Psychological Warfare to meet the needs of a.long War,* and reported it to the Government of Blue Country. Doc. No. 2228 Page 24. p.50 The Ei-hth t>eriod. X. Towards the end of February, 1942, we presented to the Governor of Blue Country our decision on "The_I.R.A.A.'S Outline of Psychological Warfare in the period of »ir |Q-i-taf»wTw~ The Hinth -period. 1. In the niddle part of July, 19-i2, we decided on Psychological Warfare Counter-Measures of the I.H.A.A. in the period of anticipating war against D and reported then to the Government. 1. At the end of October, 1942, we presented "The Measures for All-out war to be Taken by the Government of Blue Country." s Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 25. (Confidential document) HOMIYAMA, Tsutomu Minister of Commerce and Industry Date submitted: August 23rd. pp.51- 57 Summarized Eecord of the Pirst Maneuver. Ho. 1. Policy for the enforcement of the commodity mobilization plan and the productive power expansion plan. Although these plans were carried out in accordance with the general policy adopted for the second period, the policy mentioned in the heading was decided in the Cabinet Council in the fifth period, in view of the subsequent developments in the situation. The substance of this policy was to push through the principle of priority in conformity with the circumstances for both the mobilization of raw materials and the expansion of productive capacity. At the sane time, it was intended to effect the readjust- ment and consolidation of various enterprises, the perfection of the distribution system, the establishment of organs for recovering and collecting materials, and the application of the general mobili- zation law. Ho. 2, Emergency counter-measure for the demand and supply of important materials. 1. Transportation problem. Iv'e maintained close connections with the Communications Ministry and conferred with them in regard to the minimum requirements for wartime transportation and the order of precedence to be given to each class of materials, as the circumstances demanded, we to k such measures as the advancing of the dates of Import during the third period by assignment of special shipping in anticipation of the stoppage of imports from A, B, E anc1. L, the increased assignment of ships to SAGPjillEIT, HOKKAIDO, IT05TK CHI1IA and OTO^^X, CT-TT]̂ (coal and iron ore) in the fourth" period, and the transportation of coal from KYUSHU by mobilized diesel sailing- boats at the time of scarcity of coal in EOHSHU and SHIKOKU in the seventh period. 2. Labour problem. In collaboration with the welfare Ministry, we requested the increase Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 26. in the number of technicians and. labourers, especially the assign- ment of the right man in the right places. We also requested the Agriculture and Forestry Ministry to pay special consideration to the distribution of food. The Commerce and Industry Ministry strengthened methods to increase working efficiency. 2. Measures to supplement deficient ma.teria.ls. We intensified the various measures such as the recovery and collection of materials-.; the utilisation of goods on hand, standardi- zation, the restriction of consumption, the rationalization of the use of materials, and the development of the substitutes industry. Ho. 3. Measures to prevent confusion in the industrial world. 1. Counter-measure for stock prices. In accordance with the situation in the Fourth Period, we promul- gated and enforced an Imperial Ordinance concerning the fixing of stock prices. 2. The problem of unemployment in the middle and small scale commerce and industry. In view of the increasing seriousness of the unemployment situation in the Fourth Period, we adopted a measure for the adjustment and reorganization of middle and. sma.ll scale commercial business. That is, we decided the kind.s of business which need.ed readjustment and reorgani- zation, and the extent of such readjustment and reorganization, judging it from the form and scale which the middle and small scale commerce and industry should, have within the framework of wartime industries and from the amount of materials which could, be allotted to these industries from the standpoint of commodity mobilization. Powerful and appropriate readjustment and. reorganization were to be carried out in accordance with this decision. As to the measures to be taken, the activities of control associations and other civilian organizations were to be intensidied, the functions of the Hational Employment Offices expanded and strengthened, the functions of the Regeneration Bank stimulated, and the total mobilization law enforced, not tc mention the intensification of guidance by the Govern- ment. Furthermore, mutual assistance aiaougst those engaged in the same trade, purchases and loans by the Regeneration Bank, and govern- mental compensation were to be given as indemnity. 3. The problem of the suspension of tra.de. As commercial relations with A, L, 3 and E were suspended in..the Fifth period, the following mearures were taken (principally for exporters and industries connected with exports. As temporary mea-sures, steps were taken to promote the smooth flow of funds by Doc. Ho.2228 "by means of financial accommodation orders, and at the same time accumulated goods were "brought up "by designated purchasing agencies. As a general policy for the future, the export industries would "be maintained at a capacity capable of supplying domestic and inter- sphere requirements, as well as of playing an active part in post-war commerce with third countries. However, a certain amount of adjustment would "be necessary in view of the present situation- Industries relying on imported materials would "be adjusted, except those which were capable of being converted to the use of self- supplying materials. 4. Measures against the conversion of funds into stocks, black- market inc, etc. (Sixth Period) 1. Distribution of goods was suspended to those who viola/bed control regulations* ii. The control organs intensified the supervision of their members' business. iii. A composite clothing rationing system wa.s enforced. 5. Measures to cope with the growing difficulty in the management of important industries (Seventh period). We adopted the following measures after considering the various causes of the growing difficulty in management. 1. Rationalization of the distribution of raw materials and labo ur. 2. Adjustment and unification of enterprises. Those enterprises which found it difficult to continue management because of the restrict distribution resulting from the measures mentioned in the preceding article, were adjusted and na.de to change business or be merged in order to overcome the difficulties. 3. Disposal of immobilized funds and idle eciuipments. a. These were either transferred, or their management entrusted, to superior enterprises. i b. A special organ was established for purchasing them or making investments in them. However, for the time being, provisison was made for extending loans to them, the interest thereon being guaranteed by the Government. Doc. 3To. 2228 Page 28 4. Hati onalization of management. a,. Balanced distribution of raw materials, etc. o. Rational use of raw materials, etc. c. Promotion of labour efficiency. d. Improvement of technique (throw them open to the public) e. Promotion of standardization. 5. feintenance of a low price policy for wages, freight, etc. 6. Indemnity for price deficiency below the actual production cost. In the case of those enterprises which encountered production impediments owing to price deficiency below actual production cost, in soite of the mea.sures mentioned in the preceding items, and yet whose production increa.se was urgently needed the following measures were adopted: a. The price of certain goods were adjusted within an appropriate limit, if the raising of price of such goods would have no bad influence upon prices in general. (Example: Copper) b. In other ca.ses, payment of subsidies and other steps were taken in order to make both ends meet. (Example: Coal) Ho. 4. Problems of economic negotiation < ith other countries. I. Expectation by C], P, T. and I of Commodities from H. (The fifth period). Goods for private requirements (Eibre goods, oottery, canned goods, etc.) would be supplied to a certain extent. Consideration would be given to goods for military requirements for our advance into E. II. negotiations between D and IT. With regard to the proposal to D made in the sixth period (in the middle part of November), we informed the Minister of Foreign Affairs that H demanded from D oil, manganese, platinum, santonin, etc., and that N would be able to supply D with tea, raw silk, cement, fishing nets, rubber, tin, quinine, etc., subject to the condition in regard to products of the Southern Regions,that we could obtain them. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 29. As to the proposal to D made in the eigth period (at the end of March) we notified the Minister of Foreign Affairs that ive could not spare the goods requested by the other party, rs we could not obtain enough from the Southern Regions. III. negotiations with E. In the sixth period (in the early part of Hovenber) we informed the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the types and quantities of oil, rubber, tin, etc., which composed our minimum requirements from E. Ho. 5. Measures for the acquisition of E resources. 1. Fifth period (middle part of October). a. Important points in securing E from the standpoint of economic warfare. b. Investigations and preparations were made in regard to the materials and personnel needed for the restoration of oil fields and refining equipments. 2. Seventh period (the latter part of December). We hastily despatched a development party of technicians. 3. Eighth period (the latter part of March). In view of the favorable turn in marine transportation and war operations, we shipped development materials to E. Furthermore, vie also rja.de urgent preparations of materials necessary for the recon- struction of the iron mining equipments in the P and Q, areas. The confiscated resources in E, P and Q, have been gradually shipped and refined. Ho. S. Bills submitted to the Diet. p.5? Eicth period (the latter part of December). we submitted the following bills to the regular session of the Diet: Hational Operation of Air-Ra.i1 Insurance Bill Wartime Resources Administration Corporation Eill Wartime Equipments Utilization Corporation Bill Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 30. 0.58 TEE B3C03D OP MMEUYERS OP TEE PLAiETIHG 30ABD Submit ted "by: The President of the Planning Board Date Submitted: August 23. (SECHET) pp.59- 65 The Record of Maneuvers of the Planning Board. The Third period (from the beginning to the end of August, 1941) I. After a complete re-examination of the plan for economic warfare which had been decided in the above-mentioned maneuvers, we re- drafted the mobilization plans for ra.w materials, capital, labour, and traffic. These were submitted to and adopted by the Cabinet. II. To meet the request of the Supreme Command Headquarters, the above-mentioned commodity mobilization plan, which had already been decided in the Cabinet Council, was amended in order to prepare for the war against A, 3 and E. Following its adoption in the Cabinet Council, this plan was submitted as the Government's plan to the Liaison Conference of the Government and the Supreme Headquarters. With the exception of a part concerning steel products, which was amended, the draft was approved as it stood when submitted. III. To prepare for war against A, 5 arte1 E, the Cabinet Council requested the following matters to "be carried out or prepared for by the Government offices concerned. a,. Counter-measures for the urgent and immediate supplementation of materials which were lacking, in accordance with the request of the Supreme Co:.™: and Headquarters. <b. The establishment of a central organ in the Cabinet for the prosecution of economic warfare. c. The financing of the activities especially of our diplo- matic offices abroad, in order to promote the special importation of war materials. / Of the above, item (b) was reserved by the Cabinet Council for a later date. Doc. No. 2228 Page 31. IV. We discussed with the Government Offices concerned the enforce- ment of the following natters which had connection with the Planning Board: a. Counter-neasures for wartime food, and expansion of food production. b. Plan for marine transportation and measures for reinforcing and replenishing our stock of ships and crews. c. Plan for labor mobilization to go with the mobilization of early July and later. d. Measures for industrial capital and measures for the prevention of disturbances in currencies linked to the yen. e. Measures for the settlement of N's international trade accounts and for coping with the stoppage of international finance conse- . quant upon the application to II of the Capital Freezing Act by A and B. f. Examination of the economic value of A's proposal to IT. g. Measures for promoting imports from A, B, E and L. The fourth period (From the beginning to the end of September) As we had been requested by the Supreme Command Headquarters to state our opinion concerning the ability of Blue Country to prosecute war in the event of hostilities with A, B and E under the present situation, we submitted to the Cabinet meeting our judgment on our national strength in respect to national morale, shipping, materials, capital, labour, etc. The Cabinet Meeting adopted this judgment. 2. The matters which were discussed with the G-overnnent offices con- cerned were as follows: a. Measures for the changing of business by middle or small scale tradesmen and manufacturers. b. The absorption of government bonds, the maintenance of their market prices, and counter-measures for stocks. c. National management of ships and distribution schedule of ocean-going ships. r Doc. Ho, 2228 P&se 32. pp.61- 62 The Fifth period (from the "beginning to the end of October) 1. Since it was necessary to reinforce war preparations in view of the increasing drift toward war with A, B and E, the commodity mobilization plan was re-examined. Especially in regard to supply- ing power, examination was made fro.- the following standpoints: (a) The cessation of imports from A, B, E and L. (b) The drop in coastal transportation capacity a.s the result of the requisitioning of ships. (c) The drop in efficiency of labour and internal transpor- tation capacity. (d) Increased production, collection /of resources/, savings, and also the supplying power of M, C, F and T to Japan. At the same time we examined military and civilian requirements by periods in order to ensure propriety of planning, and reported our findings to the Cabinet Meeting. 2. It was decided at the Cabinet Meeting that thereafter the commodity mobilization plan should be drafted every three months. 3. For the purpose of submission to the Supreme Command Headquarters, the Planning Board decided at its conference a plan concerning the securing of certain points in E from the viewpoint of resources and economy in Ca.se of war against E. This plan wr s submitted to and adopted at the Cabinet Meeting, 3B.particular, we estimated the obtainable amount of petroleum and requested the Government offices concerned to speed up the different preparations in regard to materials, personnel, etc., necessary in this connection. 4. The principal matters discussed with the Government Offices con- cerned were as follows: « (a) Counter-measures for the stock market. (b) Counter-measures for the withdrawal of deposits and runs on banks. (c) Financial measures /for the situation/ resulting from the cessation of trade with third countries and counter-measures for the inflationary trend in M. (d) Measures for ocean-going ships and detained ships. Doc. Ho. 3228 Page 33. (e) Plan for csrine transportation after November. (f) Plan for enforcing labour mobilization, etc. p.63 The sixth period (from the beginning to the end of November) 1. The principal matters discussed with the Government offices concerned were as follows: (a) Counter-measures for the shortage of technicians. (b) Measures for ships requisitioned for military service, and plans for promoting shipbuilding, etc. pp.63- 64 The seventh period (from the beginning to the end of December) 1. The principal matters discussed with the government offices concerned in regard to their enforcement were as follows: (a) Measures for breaking the deadlock of industrial capital, and counter-measures for the monetary situation at the year's end. (b) Measures for coping with the shortage of coal in Honshu and Shikoku. (c) Measures for coping with the growing difficulties in the management of the principal industries. (d) He-examination of marine transportation capacity of 00 tons of ships reouisitioned for military service. (e) The treatment of ships sailing in dangerous waters and. also of the crew of such ships. The eigth period (from January to March, 1942) 1. The principal matters discussed with the government offices concerned were a.s follows: (a.) The matter of despatching exploitation units to the E, P and Q areas. (b) The matter of transporting the goods confiscated in E, P and Q. (c) Examination of the marine transportation capacity resulting from the de-requisitioning of 00 tons of ships from military Bervice. \ Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 34. The ninth period (from April to May) I. At the request of the Supreme Command Headquarters, we conducted investigations for tightening up the economic mobilization plan, in order to cope with the war agajsast D, and reported our findings to the Cabinet Council. II. The following matters were discussed with the government offices concerned: (a.) Counter-measures for the decrease in the number of applicants for crew duties and for the increase in the number of seamen leaving their ships. (b) Plans for the transportation 6f goods produced in E, P and Q. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 36. OUTLIKE OP TEE PROGRESS OP THE THEORETICAL MANEUVERS POR TOTAL VAR Ho. 1 (Overseas Affairs Ministry) ISEII, Takashi Overseas Affairs Minister p.66 The third period (August 1941) Ho measures were taken. p.66 The fourth period (September 1941) After explaining the rice situation in KOREA in view of the unsatisfactory importation of Korean rice in Japan proper, we emphasized the importance of smooth interchange of food among Japan proper, overseas territories, lJia.nchukuo and China, and proposed the establishment of a powerful central organ for achieving this object. In connection with the unemployment problem of middle and small scale tradesmen and manufacturers resulting from the modification of"~"£he"Commodity mobilization plan* we explained the measures to be taken for those overs as who had to change their occupation, classified into Koreans, Pornosans and Japanese. pp.66- 67 The fifth period (October 1941) In connection with the problen of runs on banks, we explained the overseas financial situations individually. In response to the demands of the Supreme Command Headquarters of Blue Country to consolidate the whole nation's strength, we pro- posed the enforcement of a military conscription system in KOREA and the adoption of a special volunteer system in POHMOSA. This was Approved. The enforcement of the military conscription system in KOREA was passed and fixed in the regular session of the Diet, which convened in December of the same year. '.fe also reported the measures adopted in KOREA and FORMOSA as regards the thorough enforcement of wartime educational measures in the overseas areas. The sixth period (November 1941) We conferred with the Communications Minister in regard to the shortage of rice in the Inner South Seas Islands, and obtained his approval for the assignment of ships to that area. However, we made no speical reoort on it. r Doc.' Ho. 2228 p. 67 The seventh period. (December 1941) We reported that we made efforts to collect rice for the consumption of the people of Jarm Proper by tigh-on: ng up the rice consumption regulations in £05.1.1 ar'd in •-•rde. to cope with the increasing demand for rice coaction from these areas owing to the shortage of food in Japan Proper. We reported on the measures taken against possible air-raids on H03TEE2JS FORMOSA following the opening of hostilities with A and E. p.68 The eighth period (January to M^rch, 1942) We reported on the measures we had taken to cope with the dis- quieting situation among Korean farmers due to the tightening up of food regulations in KOHEti and the increased shipments of rice to Japan Proper. The ninth period (After April, 1942) In order to cope with the difficulty confronting Japanese immigrants in Manchukuo in putting out their productions to the market owin;. to the shortage of labour as the war progressed, we decider' to stress the significance of cuch productions frcn the standpoint of national policy and continue to strongly enforce this measure. Having been appointed on 50 Jujy 1941 /Sfcoua 16/ a.s members of the First Committee, we studied the administration of the occupied territories, especially the Betterland East Indies, which had been assigned to us to investigate. During the course of our investi- gations we submitted a. report on the economic value of the ITetherland Efst Indies. Moreover, there Xirere a considerable number of problems arising in Japan Proper which had an influence on the .overseas territories to a ccrfcain extent. 'vFor instance, commodity mobalirabion.. labour problems, etc). However, since it was impossible bo i-roj. e-ssc measures for each one.of them in view of personael and knowledge *.eeded, wc submitted measures for only those matters which had a direct bearing on the oversea.s territories. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 37. 13.70 THE RECORD T. Ta? PRXREriS OP TES THEORETICAL MAiJEUTERS 7OR TOTAu Mill Ho. 1 The Minister cf Finance August 23rd. The second period I'JUj..y !l94l) AS a 'part o'1" ?lsna for Total i.'ar cf the Government of Blue Country, ye decided on a policy for financial planning, the gist of which was as foI.To«rp» I. The principle object was to establish firnly the position of finance in the national economy and to concentrate sta.te finance on the replenishment of military preparations and the reinforce- ment and expansion of productive power foi national defense, while avoiding vicious inflation through the right handling of demand and supply between capr-ual and commodities. II. To put state finance on a more planned basis. III. To fix taxes not only on the basis of the requirements of state finance, but also, by attaching great importance to the absorption of . purchasing power in war time, and also to their connections with industry, on the national livelihood, etc* 17. To reduce as much as possible the issue of Government bonds by avoiding the compilation of a pointless expenditure budget which relies on merely the issuance of Government Bonds for covering the deficit, and at the same time to prosecute a financial policy laying main stress on the absorption of Government bonds. V. To compile, in accordance with the foregoing policy and in con- formity with the revised commodity mobilization plan of the Planninc Board, a working budget by roughly estimating the military expendi- tures (total of general accounts and of special military expenditures) capable of bein-r defrayed during 1941 /Showa 15/ at ¥ 12; 500,000,000 (¥11,700,000,000 according to the capital mobilisation plan of the Planning Board)and economizing ¥800,000,000 in administrative expenditures. pp.71- 74 The third period (August 1941) In order to cooe with the tense international situations surrounding H in August, 1.941, especially the enforcement by A of the Assets Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 38. Freezing Act against 3Tr anr" tie tightened situation of the internal financial market, we took the following measures (submitted on August 7th). 1. Measures concerning industrial capita.l. (a.) Provisionally suspended the grant of authorizations and permissions under the Temporary Capital Funds Adjust- ment law ord other industrial laws. (b) Continued, as counter--measures for the stock market, the activ-i purchase of principal stocks "by the Cooperative Securities Co,, and moderation in the sale of stocks on the part of financial organs*; etc. (c) In order to creak up stagnation in the capital market, the kinds of debentures to be floated were selected, the plan for the absorption of debenture by the syndicates was carried out, the amounts of bonds underwritten with Government funds were increased, smooth finance for debentures w°.s provided, the repayment of advances made by the syndicates was suspended for the time being, and the method of raising capital by the companies issuing debentures was re-examined. (d) Financial organs were required to make strict inspection of loans for equipment installations, and to streamline the finance for normal enterprises. Closer financial relations between the various financial organs and the Dank of Japan were fostered. Furthermore, the issuance of financing orders in regard to stored funds and funds for converting equip- ments necessitated by the war situation, were considered* 2. Measures for the cessation of international finance following the enforcement of Capital Freezing Act by both A and B. (a.) Concluded individual clearance agreements based on a. barter system for the settlement of international accounts and especially strive to develop a many-sided all-round method of settling accounts among the countries of the East .asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, with II country as the center, by taking into account the balance of payments among them. (b) There was no way but to leave our relati ns with A and B to take their own course. (c) Regarding our relations with L. we expedited the import of goods for stocking from the countries concerned by Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 39. utilising the funds which had fled to the L countries, end strove bo -.onclule as quickly as possible clearance agreements witli then. (d) Efforts were made to bring about a balanced position in interr.ie.fc:'.onil payments between our country and D coontry and a n'rry-'.'id̂ d method wa3 devised for settling accounts, giving consideration to the balance of trade between E and the various eo*mt.r?.e,3 of the co—prosperity sphere. Any difference of payment c paid by ear-narked gold. (e) ."Effort i made to conclude clearance agreements with I and G also . (f) The settlement of accounts with P and T could be made by means cf clearance agreements, but if T really insisted on it, settlement might be mads by means of ear-marked gold. 3. Counter-meajures for preventing the fluctuation of the currencies linked to the yen- (a) Concerning M's currency, we consulted with M for the adoption cf such measures as the tightening up of control of prices and profits, the tightening up of the Capital Funds Control Law, the drastic revision of the Five-Year Industrial Planr and the intensive promotion of self-sufficiency in the necessaries of life, and the encouragement of savings. (b) In regard to the notes of the Federal Reserve Sank of Horth C, measures were taken to reduce the amount of disbursements for military expenditures, to pronote the exchange cf goods with N by expanding the system of foreign exchange adjustment fees, to withdraw the Federal Reserve Bank notes from circulation through the production of cotton goods by the transfer of cotton industry from Japan Proper to North C, and to increa.se the bottoms between H and C. (c) In regard to the military notes in Central and South C, the existing measures were reinforced and continued. At the same time, measures were taken to trans-export H's goods which had accumulated owing to the suspension of export to third countries, to check the disbursements for military expenditures, and to promote the inter-flow of goods amona- the countries of the CC'JRT asperity %)here» Safe consulted with and. received the approval of the Governor of the Bank of Japan and the department heads of the Planning Board on the foregoing matters. Doc. Ho. 2228 Page 40. pp.74— 75 The fourth period (September 1941) The advent of September saw the absorption of Government bonds gradually declined and tho market price of 3-|Government bonds drop below the it*sue price- Security prices also took a dov.Tiwa.rd trend. Accordingly us adopted the following steps as counter-measures for the absorption of Government bonds and the maintenance of their market value and for the 3tcck market (submitted on August ll): 1. Counter-measures for epeeding up the absorption of Government bonds and maintaining their market value. As the consequence of the conference with the Governor of the Bank of Japan, wo sm.de the Bank of Japan take the following steps for the time being: The other banks were induced individually to purcha.se Government bonds; and the life insurance companies were requested to invest their idle funds in Government bonds or lend them on call to the Industrial Bank of Japan and the Yokohama Specie Bank. Furthermore, as a measure for the maintenance of market prices, the Hikko Securities Co. was asked to buy up Ẑ fo Government bonds, while the various security companies gathered up small batch sales of Government bonds. In ado it ion, arrangement wa.s made for the financial organs to adopt a. resolution of following a policy of restraint in respect to Government bond transactions, and large sellers were earned individually. 2. Counter-measure for the stock market. Besides having the Japan Cooperative Securities Co. continue the purchases, we drafted an Imperial ordinance for the fixing of stock prices (Article 19 of the General Mobilization Act) and had it promulgated on September 25, to be effective immediately. The sub- stance of it was that the price of shares transacted by the trading members of the stock market must be operated within the minimum or maximum limit (the maximum limit to be not applicable for the present) set by the competent minister, and at the same time, the shares owned by companies could be estimated below the appraised value of the preceding term. op.76- The fifth period (October 1941). 79 Developments in the international situation following the out- break of war between X and A led people to think that it was impossible for H to avoid war. Consequently, the stock market slumped and was in a semi-panic state, while the banks, other than the big ones, were subjected to runs owing to the rumour that the withdrawal of deposits would be restricted,. Therefore, the restoration of stability in the financial world through the recovery of tho stock market and the checking of the v/ithdrawal of Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 41. bank deposits v/a.3 cost urgently necessary. Accordingly, we hastily adopted the following measures (i,ubmitod on Angusb 13): 1. Counter-Eeasuies for the stock market. Both the .Finance Mlnigtsr and the Commerce and Industry Minister hastily issued statementa that fchey had no intention of further reducing the minimum value of sharoc. and at the sace time we ordered the Sooperative Securities Co. to buy up sharee in defense against sellers, cad, ->e a gesture of the government's support, we ordered a new loan of 1 50,000,000 to the Cooperative Securities Co. 2. Counter-measure2 for the run on banks. (a) The Finance Minister denied in an oral statement the rumour of the restriction against the withdrawal of bank deposits and at the same time expressed the wish that the people would actively cooperate in the savings moving, since there was no anxiety regarding the foundation of banks. (b) We hod the Bank of Japan speedily begin unlimited lending and immediately provide each of its branches and agencies with a sufficient amount of convertible notes. (c) The financial organs were notified that the Bank of Japan would give them support by unlimited lending..in order to enable them to promptly respond to the demand for the withdrawal of deposits, and that they should not cause difficulties in industrial financing by recalling their loans especially at this time. (d) We arranged with the Information Board to prohibit articles on transactions and withdrawals of bank deposits as there were fears that euch articles would intensify the unrest. (e) We received a report from the Bank of Japan that it had already commenced taking these measures. Besides these, we adopted the undermentioned measures in view of the heavy blow inflicted on various quarters by the cessation of exports to third countries (submitted on August 14). Moreover, at the request of the Vice Director of the Manchurian Affairs Bureau, we reouested that a counter-measure be taken to cope with the movement for the conversion of funds into goods in M country, which had been prompted by the inflationary trend in that country. 1. Financial measures taken following the cessation of trade with third countries: Doc. No. 2228 Page :i2. (a) In consultation with the Ministry of Commerce and. Industry, we indemnif.'.e-d leases "by application of the Export Indtemnification Law<• ("b) Financial organs cooperated, in financing the purche.se of accumulated goods, the hurried collection of loans "by the exchange banks was checked and financial assistance was given to the export industry* (c) Aiscist*.*-M and C in raising yen funds in connection with the transferred export of accumulated, goods to M and C. 2. Counter-Measures for the inflation in M. (a) We requested the M government to carry out a movement for encouraging savings, absorb idle funds by perfecting and expanding financial organs, to convert the commercial capital owned by the native inhabitants into industrial capital, to carry on a large-scale lottery system, to enforce the Revised Five Year Plan and to intensify the application of the Capital Funds Control Acto (b) In N consideration was given to the transferred expor- tation to M of the accumulated goods which had been originally intended, for export to third countries and. to the supplying of yen funds (short term credit) necessary in this connection. At the same time, exchange control vrs strengthened and measures taken to prevent fluctuations in the prices of import and export toods as preventives against the spread of inflation into Japan Proper* Furthermore, we expended, a total of ¥ 79,500.000 from the Second Reserve Fund on counter- measures for food, storage, for export goods consequent upon the suppeneion of trade with third, countries, for labour, for the collection of essential materials, and for propaganda. The sixth period (November 1941) Although the police and judicial authorities were powerless to control the movement for the conversion of money into goods and the continual violation of economic control owing to the spread of the inflationary tendency, no special measure was taken and a policy of "Watch and. Wait" aas pursued (the financial world was tranquil). We prepared beforehand, measures to prevent the confusion of the financial world at the start of war, and also requested both the police and the judicial authorities to supervise the more important violations of economic control. Especially for the increase of the number of policer:en: we decided to appropriate £ 3,200,000 from the Second Reserve Fund, (submitted on August 15). Doco Ho. 3228 Page 43. 2. Although, the absorption of Government bonds continued without improvement in th<= .i.atk»r parb of November, we did not take any sroecial positive mea.:-:r3 to expedite the absorption of Government bonds for fear that it might cause the teic?htening up of the money market at a time when the year was drawing to a close, besides the shock suffered ly th=j financial world from the military advance into E. V«e decided to compile the budget for the next year under a policy of ccnfovming with the commodity mobilization plan by effecting a drascLc readjustment of the affairs of the Government offices and keeping down the total of general accounts and special military expenditures to a rum til chin the amount of this years working budget. Furthermore, we effected a, cciteiderable raise in tax ra.tes from the viewpoint of abeo:: ling the general purchasing power. tfe announced the increase of tobacco prices (average of 20% in general) at midnight of November 30. (Therrj vere submitted on August 16). 3. We submitted to the extraordinary session of the Diet the following budget bill and other bills (Submitted on August 15). (a) Supplementary budget to the total budget for general accounts X 1,003,000,000 (b) Supplementary bulget to the special military accounts budget: S 4,000,000.000 (c) Supplementary "era'.get to the special accounts budget for both Korea and JorAiw <u, respectively ¥ 1,500,000 (d) Supplementary budget to the special account budget for government investments: X 300,000,000 (e) Supplementary budget to the special account budget for state management of uhips. ¥ 300,000,000 (f) Bill on Out-of-Budgst contract for special finance. ¥ 1,500,000,000 (g) Bill concerning the issuance of government bonds: Total of the special military expenditures and general accounts: ' ? 4-,010,000,000 (h) Bill on the Special account for the state management of ships. (i) Bill for the revision of the various tax laws in order to increase tax levies. Doc. No. 2228 Page 44. Average Hate cf Increase Estimated increase Estimated of tax receipts increase in normal years for 1941 Direct taxes 32.7 jo ¥ 883s000,000 ¥ 294,000,000 Indirect taxes Y 580,000,000 ¥ 193,000,000 (j) Wartime Pinance Corporation Bill. In order to facilitate '.jartine industrial financing, the Wartime Financial Corporation, with a capital of ¥ 500.000,000 (of which ¥ 300,000,000 to he invested by the government) was established for the purpose of making investments in and financing national enter- prises, buying up idle or non-employed equipments, extending loans for changing business, lending against Government bonds debentures, and stocks, putting the floor on the security market, and regulating the money market i (k) Bill for special financing by the Bank of Japan and the indemnification for losses thereon. In order to cope with the financial difficulties arising at the outbreak of war, indemnification for losses on special financing was made within the limit of ¥ 1,500,000,000 during one year and a half from now. pp.82- 84 The seventh period (December 1941) The following measures were taken for the time being as counter measures for industrial financing and also the end-of-year financing in order to cope with the increasing difficulties of industrial management caused by all the different conditions attending the progress of wartime economy. 1.. Measures to break the tight money situation for industrial finaneing. A way was provided to have the Bank of Japan extend special loans to those companies which had fallen into management difficulties owing to the non- employment of their assets, and measures were taken to have the national treasury pay subsidy to cover interest charges by establishing a system of registration with the association of unemployed a,ssets and idle equipment effect the rationalization of management, institute proper accounting procedure, and amalgamate allifiated companies- Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 45. At the same time the financial organs were asked to exercise moderation in collecting their loans- Furthermore, as a counter- measure for the tendency toward cash transactions due to the shunning of the discounting o1 "bills, efforts were made to restore the circulation of credit "bills "by the adoption of a stamped-"bills system. 2. Measures for the end-of-year finance. In regard to the end-of-year finance, the disbursements of government funds w-ore regulated rn the Gcverrment Funds Demand and Supply Planning Conference and ar. ample supply of funds *jas provided "by the release of the funae held "by the Deposit Bureau, the curbing of the absorption of call loans by the Yokohama Specie Sank and the Industrial Bank; and the purchase og Government bonds by the Bank of Japan from the city "banks under the condition of selling them back. At the same time, the demand, for long-term funds -was adjusted on a planned basis under the Capital Funds Adjustment Law also. The northern part of Eyushu was raided towards the end of December. There was a2t-o a request for assistance from agricultural districts. In these connections we adopted the follcwing'-aaasures (submitted on August 18): 1. Anti-air-raid measures. Loans of the funds of the Deposit Bureau were made for the rehabilitation and relief enterprises of local public organizations, Pnd assistance was given to the loans by the People's Bank and the Central Bank of Commex-cial Associations. Moreover, special treat- ment wa.s accorded- to applications for permits concerning the lending of rehabilitation funds by financial org? ns. 2. 5" 380,000 was expended from the Second Reserve Fund for the relief of agricultural districts. pp. 84- 87 The eighth period (from January to March, IS42) 1. On January 25, A's air force raided Tokyo. The damage done was considerable and the following steps were speedily taken (submitted on August 20): (a) For the damage done to a part of the Finance Ministry by the bombing, remedial measures were immediately taken. At the same time efforts were made to raise the morale of the ministry's staff. Doc. No. 2223 Page 46. (ti) Speedy, suitable steps were taken in cooperation with the Bank of Japan concerning the disposal of the business of the banks destroyed 'by fire, the delays in the clearing of checks connected with the destroyed banks and the prevention of dis- turbances in financial circles. (c) We adopted a policy of submitting a supplementary budget for the expanses for the repairs to government offices and the financial relief for the restoration of local public bodies, and of reducing cr ab >li 3/13 ng t-assu. depending upon the extent of the danags- In adl;'..b ion,. low interest loans w-jre ̂ r-̂ .ted by the Deposit 3v>resu tx 7 funds- 2. The foil owing bills were ruomrc+ed to the regular session of the Diet''(submitted cn Aogus'c 20} : (1) The 1942 total budget for general accounts. (2) Supplementary budget to the special account for special military expenditures. (3) Bill concerning the issuance of various Government bonds. (4) The 1942 Budget for the various special accounts. (5) Supplementary budget for 1941 (general and special accounts). (6) fetters concerning out-of-the-budget contracts to be borne by the National Treasury. (7) Special account for air-raid insurance bill. (Note) The outline of the 1942 budget for the general accounts and the specia.l account for military expenditures is a.s follows: (8) Bill for the revision of the Bank of Japan law. (a) Written clarification of the business now handled by the Bank of Japan. Military expenses Administrative expenses Government bonds expenses Income from national taxes ¥ 11,000,000,000 ¥ 2,500,000,000 ¥ 1 ,600,000,000 and customs duties Profits from monopoly Amount of new Government ¥ 5,460,000,000 ¥ 430,000,000 bond issues ¥ 8,300,000,000 Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 47. (t>) Authorization to cwn government guaranteed debentures. (c) Partial revision and repeal of the business restriction" provisions. (d) Reduction of the powers of the general meeting of share- holders. (e) Extension of the term of existence. (9) Stricken Areas Tax Reductions or Exemptions Bill. The authority for granting/exemptions in the stricken areas was vested in the government. tax reductions or (10) Financial Organizations Bill. In order to have the financial organs cooperate in the enforce- ment of a powerful financial control three kinds of organizations, namely, a national financial control association, financial control associations according to types of business, and local financial councils were to be organized, with the Bank of Japan as the central organ, whereby the financial organs were to be linked together and '-.uifest their unified functions. Through these organizations it was ,ped to achieve control of the employment of funds, the perfection of the structure of financial business, and closer relations between finance and industry. (11) In order to contribute to the increase of national savings, tax- bonds were issued and allotted for compulsory purchase by classified income taxpayers according to the amounts of their incomes. After the lapse of five years, these tax bonds we re to be used for the payment of taxes or for deposit as postal savings. 3. As a relief measure for the rural districts, the term of repayment of agricultural debts was extended with the aid of the activities of the Industrial Guilds' Central 3ank. In addition, an Imperial Ordinance for the exemption of taxes for one year in flooded districts of northern Kanto and the districts north of it was promulgated (submitted on August 20). 4. with the beginning of the new year, stress was laid on the absorption of Government bonds and a vigorous movement for the encouragement of savings was carried out (Submitted on August 20). .87-89. The ninth period (From April to August, 1942). ' both 1. Since/the Wartime Finance Corporation and the Financial Control Association completed the procedure for their establishment and began their activities from about June, we prepared all possible measures Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 48. for coping with the tense situation, while enforcing a powerful financial control through the employment of this financial control system (submitted on August 22). 2. As the financial world then seemed to be gradually regaining its tranquility, no new steps tiore undertaken in regard to the financial situation. However, since the payment for imported foreign rice had been delayed we conferred with the Governor of the Sank of Japan and adopted the following measures (submitted on August 22). (1) Relations with P. Payment of the price of imports for 1941. The extension of whose due date had expired, was made by the export of necessary iqaterials. Efforts were made beforehand to moderate the terms of payment for the imports for 1942. (2) Relations with T. Although we had been considering the earmarking of gold for fhe settling of accounts between IT and T, we did not insist on ear- marking for the settlement of accounts, but exported gold as the occasion demanded. fetters disposed of in the above-mentioned periods were all reported to the Cabinet Meeting, and those requiring decision by the Cabinet meeting were decided by that body, and then submitted to the Supreme Command Headquarters. (The date in brackets at the end of each item is the date on which the disposition report was submitted). Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 49. (Confidential Document) THE RECORD OF TEE PROGRESS OE MANEUVERS The First Committee. pp.90- 92 1. At 9 a.m. August 8 ("by Real Calendar). The first consultation meeting of the First Committee was opened. Bills. (1) The "basic policy for the management of the various areas of the Southern Region. (2) Allotment of the business of the committee. ° The following decisions resulted from this meeting: (l) The policy for the management of the various areas of the Southern Region (Future management). (a) Netherlands Indies: Java and Sumatra shall "be combined into one independent state and the other remaining areas shall be annexed to it. (b) Malaya: For the time being, the whole of it shall be united into one, though the subject requires further study. (c) Xhe Philippines: The entire region shall be made independent. (d) French Indo-China. While strengthening the existing situation, we must promote the infiltration of our country's power. (e) Thailand: While respecting her independence, we must promote the inflitration of our country's power. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 50. 2. Allotment of the business of the Committee. (a) Business summary and. the drafting of a be,sic plan of rule '--as assigned to post-graduate student MIYAZAWA. (b) The outline of rule for the Netherlands East Indies and the estimation of the economic value of the Netherlands East Indies was assigned to post-graduate student ISEII. (c) The outline of rule for Malaya and the estimation of the economic value of Malaya was assigned to post-graduate student jSARITA. (d) The outline of rule for the Philippines and the estimation of the economic value of the Philippines was assigned to post- graduate student KIGASA. 3. After fixing these assignments, the appointed four members tried their best to collect materials and although sufficient materials could not be collected, the studies were pursued to the utmost. As the other committeemen, who were members of the Cabinet, were .y busy, these four students pursued their studies, consulting? r each other every day; there was no chance to hold a specially general consultation conference. 4. On August 20 (real calendar), when we had drafted a general definite plan, vre held a second committee conference, and obtained a general ooderstanding of the results of our studies of the past ten d.ays. After receiving further guidance from the Supreme Command Headquarters, we presented the plan in question to Assistant officer Matsuda. -Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 51. (Confidential document) THE RSCOBD OP TEE PROGRESS OP MANEUVERS Manchurian Affairs Bureau pp.93- 94 1. In the fourth period of maneuvers there was a scarcity of yen funds in M and a standstill in its Five-Year Industrial Plan. We expressed to the Prime Minister by letter our views a.s a suggestion regarding the measures which IT should take to cope with this situation, and, after consulting with the authorities concerned of the Finance Ministry, the Bank of Japan and the Planning Board, we took emergency measures. 2. In the fifth period there was an unsatisfactory trend of inflation, which produced a disquieting situation among the peasants of M. We adopted emergency measures against the situation, and at the same time expressed by letter to the Finance Minister our views by way of sug- jation, because fundamental political operations were necessary to ivert popular feeling, and at the same time we made a report to the Prime Minister. 3. In the ninth period of the Manoeuvres, it became difficult to send pioneers to Manchukuo in view of the conditions of agricultural labour in our country. We consulted with the Ministers of 'Overseas Affairs and of Agriculture and Forestry, and unanimously decided on the unswerving •orosecution of our national policy. After obtaining the understanding of the Cabinet meeting, we made this policy thoroughly understood throughout the whole country. 4. In the ninth period of the manoeuvres our relations with D were strained. As data to serve as the basis for the resolutions of the H government, wecommunicated the recent internal conditions of M to the Prime Minister and the War Minister. 5. throughout the whole maneuvers v*e felt the uncertainty of the position and duties of the Manchurian Affairs Bureau under the present system. The progress /of the maneuvers/ also showed that its activities were very passive. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 52. (Confidential Document) The Record of the Progress of the Theoretical Maneuvers of Total War No. 1. NARITA, Ksnichi The Chief of Administrative Affairs of the Asia Development Board Submitted August 23, 1941 p.95 The third period of maneuvers. 1. Considering the necessity of taking immediate measures for main- taining N's exchange rate in C in view of the sudden stringency in N's trade with A produced by the application of the Caoital Freezing Act by A, we expressed to the Finance Ministry authorities our mion on the counter-measures to be taken. 2. The fourth period of maneuvers. In view of the increasing war weariness among the officials and people of C2 in direct proportion to the progress of our operations for the maintenance of public peace in C? we submitted to the President of the Information Board in a. special document our opinions on the following two points: (a) Methods of strengthening our enemy oropaganda against C2's central organ and the front line. (b) Opinions on the unified establishment of propaganda organs as the nucleus of our forces in China. 3. The fifth period of maneuvers. In view of the fact that the psychological warfare conducted in the preceding period had proved genuinely effective and caused agitation in the minds of the people of C2, a grand chance presented itself for immediately expediting the settlement of the China Affair. Accordingly, we submitted the "Plan for the Perfection and Reinforcement of the Field Organs of the Asia Development Board" and requested the convocation of an Asia Development Board Conference in order to take an emergency measure for establishing machinery for directing and controlling the various organs in China. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 53. The gist of this plan was as follows: (a) To open a General Affairs Bureau in Hanking and appoint the Japanese Ambassador to China s.s the Director of this Bureau. (b) To transfer /to it/ the political affairs machinery of the military. (c) To limit the guidance of local administration to North China only. pp.S7- 4, The same period of maneuvers. 98 The Cabinet's decision on October 15 called for a ready-for-war structure in order to advance into E. And in conformity with the request of the Supreme Command Headquarters to give the appearance of directing our war preparations with the object of an offensive against C, in order to conceal our plan for the southward advance, we took the under-mentioned measures to heighten the patriotic spirit of our nationals in China and to strengthen the national solidarity, Mle promoting their spiritual unity and taking a stand of smashing ns enemy in a single stroke, thereby paving the way for war. (a) A conference -»•»» * of the tffc-iefs of the liaison'departments was held..' . •« »r". .. ». (b) A consultation meeting of the field authorities of the Army, Navy and Eoreign Ministries and of the Asia Development Board was held. (c) The training of all organizations was intensified . (d) A spiritual mobilization of our nationals in China, through the Imperial assistance movement was conducted. 5. The sixth and subsequent periods of maneuvers. On the one hand, we worked to spiritually unify our nationals and hFd them maintain a low standard of living during wartime, and on the other hand, we continued our unchanging-, consistent guidance in respect to our operations toward C, in conformity with the policy for disposing of the China Affair contained in the "Total War Policy." Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 54. (Confidential Document) THE BECORD OP PROGRESS OP THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE (IHSOFAR aS IT CONCERNS THE INFORMATION BOARD) DURING THE THIRD AND SUBSEQUENT PERIODS OP THE TKEOEETICAL MANEUVERS OP TOTAL WAR Ho. 1. po.99 100 The third period Domestic policy 1. Guidance of public opinion, such as the press and other educational organs. (a) Control. Problems of negotiations between H and A. Comments on diplomacy. (b) Guidance. Ho change in the relations among the Axis powers. Heady for vrar against A (3). The significance of the advance into French Indo-China. Completion of war oreparations. 2. Practical measures. (a) The leaders of the press ) round-table (b) The leaders of the principle schools of thought ) conference (c) Consistency of speech and action of all military and civilian officials. External policy (mostly against A). 1. The expansion of an overseas intelligence network. 2. The creation of the post of spokesman of the President of the Information Board. 3. Thorough intensification of propaganda. pp.100- 101 The fourth period. Externa.! policy. Doc. Ho. 2328 Page 55. 1. Propagandizing of peace and order in C. 2. Propaganda towards C2 (in consultation with military, diplomatic and economic quarters). 3. Measures to alienate enemy countries. Foreign propaganda. Utilisation of foreigh telegrams of our allies. 4. Interview with foreign correspondents. Internal policy. 1. Guidance of X's peace offensive against B. (a) The use of the president's spokesman. (b) Attention to he paid in the handling of information. (c) Offensive against A and B. 2. Measures against leakage of secrets. 3. Hation-wide personal aopearances and radio "broadcasting by the Prime Minister and all the other Cabinet Ministers. 4. Demands to the Communications Minister. Matters concerning the securing of radio and newspaper conmunication facilities- pp.102 i03 The fifth period. Internal policy. 1. Control of speech. (a) Scarcity cf rice. (b) The problem of Koreans in the Hanshin distiiet. (c) Economic unrest. Finance, shares, etc. (d) Movement in Buddhist circles and religions guidance. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 56. 2. Propaganda. (a) A and B's oppression of N and war responsibility. (b) Criticism of the uiacooperative attitude of E. (c) Attack against the Military Pact among A, B and C2. (d) Exposure of and attack on the Military Pact between A and D. 3. Measure s. Mobilization of speech ana oress organs, Cabinet Ministers, politicians (Diet members), etc. External policy. 1. Press Campaign. (a) Attack against the detention of N's ships by A, 3, E and L (partial). (b) Desire N for oeace in the Pacific. (c) Individual judgment of the relations between A and I. 2. Alienation of A from L. Conflict of interests between them. 3. Intensification of operations toward C2. 4. Intrigues against E. 5. Liaison with X, after the advance into S. 6. Propaganda towards I and Arabian districts. pp.104- 105 Supplements for the fifth period. Internal policy. 1. Unification of the ideological front. (i) Gubernatorial conference. (b) Liaison with the speech organs. (o) Liaison with schools and other educational institutions. (d) Liaison vrith motion pictures, the drama and other cultural quarters. 2. Wartime structure reinforcement week. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 57. 3. Counter-measures for food. > (a) Counter-measures for consumers. (b) Clarification of the position of the agricultural districts. Sale of rice.to the~government. (c) Circulating motion pictures and drama. 4. Counter-measures for economic unrest. Collaboration of the various ministers concerned. Propagandizing (a) the importance of order in wart ime fihance and (b) instances from World War I. 5. The setting up of public loudspeakers and secret informers. (a) Public loud-speakers Principal cities. Streets, schools and factories. (b) Secret informers. 1,500 members. Budget ¥ 7,500,000 Liaison with the Home Ministry and gendarmes pp.106- 107 The sixth period. •External policy. (.jj) 1. The question of A's declaration of war a,gainst X. (a) The statement of the President of the Information Board. It is not a neiv situation. (b) Hon-interference with the public demand for immediate entry into war. 2. Propagandization of Xj's attack against Suez and Gibraltar. 3. Ho alteration to be mrde in the tone of arguments in regard to the encirclement of H by A, 3 and S. Intentions behind it to be kept secret. 4. Propagandization of the attacks on C2. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 58. (B) The intrigues against E were reported to "be unsatisfactory. (S) Hand-"bills, pamphlets and the fifth column in line with the landing operations against E. 1. Problem of rice substitutes and fertilizers. Kept pace with the plans of the Agriculture lUld Forestry Ministry. 2. Labour problems. 3. The enforcement of a Wartime Economic Morality Week. (a) Thorough inculcation of the policy. (b) Moral conduct, inflation, barter and extermination cf black market operations. 4. Tightening up of the anti-espionage spirit. Supplements for the sixth period. External policy 1. Conformity with the military advance into E. (a) Efforts to make E abandon its resiatence spirit. By means of handbills, radio and propaganda agents. (b) Reporting of the E campaign and its object. Dcfonco of -is nation's existence. (c) Propaganda towards M, C, E, T and C2 concerning the above campaign. (d) Consultation with X. Internal policy. 1. liaison with the Supreme Command Headquarters. 2. Exaltation and intensification of the people's morale through the advance into E. 3. Elucidation of the object of the E expeditionary campaign. However, unnecessary stimulus to A and B was avoided (according to the given situation). 4. Speech;iand reports concerning the Diet. pp.109 The seventh period. "110 External policy. 1. A's establishment of a neutral water zone in P. The President's /Information Board/ statement. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 59. 2. Propaganda, "broadcasts to E. Tokyo-Ta.ihoku-Palau-Saigon 3. Attack against A1s oppreesion of N's nationals in A. 4. Propaganda about the control of oppression against A's nationals in N. 5. Emphasis on the strengthening of the internal structure. •Paternal policy. 1. The problem of the sinking of transports. Exaltation and intensification of the people's morale, and caution aga.inst rash actions. 2. Correct understanding of the situation. 3. Control of the self-rightious discussions of diplomatic problems. 4. Control of public opinion and positive announcements. 5. Propaganda in connection with the start of war with A and B. (1) Imperial Rescript observance ceremony and the Premier's broadcast elucidating the soirit of the rescript and the object of war. (2) Propaganda regarding the responsibility and injustice of A and B in starting the war. (3) Report of the eradication of A and B's interests in the East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. (4) The air raid against Northern Kyushu and its announcement. (5) Suppressive measures against amusement lines. (6) Alteration .-f Asia Development Service Day. pp.110 The eighth period. 112 External. 1. The L countries request the evacuation of N diplomats. 2. The tactics for luring A's main fleet. 3. Tokyo air-raid; announcement of A's damages. 4. Intrigues towards T. Doc. No.2228 Page 60 Internal policy. 1. The announcement of the reports of the results of N's armed forces in E, Q, and S. 2. Air-raid against Tokyo city. (a) Actual fact of damage ("b) Extent of damage (c) Guidance of speech (d) Exaltation and intensification of the people's morale. 3. Damage to A's aircraft carriers and cruisers. i. Exaltation of the tense feeling of the agricultural districts. The eighth period. 1. Questions and answers in the Diet and the utilization of foreign propaganda. 2. Poreign and domestic propaganda. (a) Co-prosuerity of the East Asiatic races. (b) Self government of East Asia. (c) Hon--interference and non-aggression. (d) Principle of equality and freedom. (e) Future msnageinent policy for F, Q, and E. 3. Propaganda regarding the luring of A's fleet. pp.112 il3 The Ninth period. Internal policy. 1. Measures against the slackening of the people's spirit as the result of our successful military operations. (Elucidation of the purport of the Imperial Rescript). 2. Propaganda. (a) The success of our military operations and our war results. (b) CCJ'A £-uct:Lon of the occupied areas. (c) A-h fleet remains xn tact. (d) Damage from enemy air-ra.ids and submarine activities. 3. Firm views against R, (Non-interference with such views, except in extreme cases) Doc. ITe, 3328 Page 61. 4. Measures to cope v/ith the increasing number of oeople desiring to travel to 3. (a) Restriction of qualifications. (b) Driving home the significance of the sacred war. 5. Measures to cope with the shortage of seamen and to keep seamen from leaving their ships. (a) Propaganda for their recruiting. (b) Gratitude toward seamen.. .114 Ninth period — Supplement. (Naval battle of "J" and the period following). Internal policy. 1. A 3-day mase celebration in the great victory of the naval battle of "J". 2. Measures for tightening up public morale (propaganda). (a) D's disregard for the neutrality pact, and supplying A with military bases. (b) Necessity for widespread effort for East Asia prosperity. 3. Parachutists land on Korea. (in accordance with our previous policy) External policy. 1. Continuous propaganda on the great naval battle of "J". 2. Unrest in R. 3. Disclosure of B's peace movements. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 62. (Confidential Document) RECORDS OP THE THEORETICAL MANEUVERS ECR TOTAL WAR NO. 1 (1941) Home Minister YOSHIDA Keiichi p.115 Third period (August) 1. With the increasing tension in international relations, the supervision of foreigners was tightened up. 2. Control of the Leftist elements was tightened up as a measure against D's intrigues.. 3. Control of Koreans and C's nationals was tightened up. 4. Control of speech and press was tightened up and anti-espionage was driven home to the people. pp.115 116 The;-four.th-jreriod (September) 1. We collected information concerning the trend of public 6e£t:fapnt:.on>tl^l#t$rn£.tional situation, and at the same time controlled extremist speeches and writings advocating an immediate commencement of war against . A or D;, or slandering X's peaceful offensive aga inst .B. • i ••,. i} 2. A blank-list of Japanese nationals who should be closely watched as a defense against foreign intrigues a.nd espionage was draw, up, and control exei<r̂ sed over them. Hoc3 Hir.ister 3. With the growing seriousness of the Unemployment of those engaged in middle or small scale industries, we collected information and also controlled petitions, etc., as well as made them cooperate in changing to other businessi I. v'itl ir-cr̂ .v.®: i.,.; torisi ir. .". v. t e r r • -- * ioni rsi;*. * he !"!.'.b4.'.'' Ke made /the people/ cooperate in food rationing. 5*. We exercised a. control over, rumours circulated among financial circles, and. in.general. 6... tfe adopted prudential.measures against rumours of the arrests of legitimate Leftist elements, and also closely watched foreign propaganda, and., intrigues.. -r .. •„ ur .•:•.. -eroior.a-'̂ -,.'•• driver, heme to the --le. 7. We adopted necessary measures in connection with the enforcement o .iit of the mail control ordinance. "lir [Sr^r^rj ; Doc. Ho. 3228 Page 63 p. 115 117 Fifth, period (October) 1. We supposed the disquieting situation in the Hanshin district v/as arising from the lice ration system. At the same time patrol plana were prepared in case of rice riots in other districts. 3. As to runs on banks, we banned the publication of news articles about them and. at the same tim& controlled rumours. Furthermore, we requested the a i tent ion c'.! the U&z Minister in regard to mobilization in the districts whore runs had occurred. 3. We paid attention to the domestic situation accompanying the cessation of foreign trade. 4. We tightened up control of the Rightists. 5. We perfected and strengthened the central machinery for air- defense. 5. Besides proposing the issuance of an Imperial emergency ordinance concerning the restrictions, prohibitions and orders necessary for the enforcement of air-defense, we made a number of air-defense preparations. 7. We controlled speeches and writings which would enable people to form an idea of our policy towards A, B and S. pp.117 118 Sixth period (November.) 1. We reinforced the police and also employed assistants. At the sane time we worked to concentrate police administration on important matters in order to cope with the lack of policemen. 2. We adopted necessary measures for the enforcement of the Imperial Emergency Ordinance concerning the restrictions, prohibitions, and orders necessary for the enforcement of air-defense (simultaneously with the invasion of E). pp.118 119 Seventh period (December) 1. We carried out farm relief enterprises which lay principal stress on munition works. 2. The Foreign Minister and others*-explained the current situation p„t the meeting of prefectural governors. 3. We tightened up the control of the amusement districts according to the developments of the war situation. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 64. 4. We tightened up the control of speech and press and rigidly enforced strong anti-espionage measures, ?s diplomatic relations with A pnd .B "became so tense. 5. Simultaneously wish the issue of a.ir defense regulations, we took such measures as the designation of non-evacuation areas and the distribution of air-raid precaution paunphlets. 6. The responsible profeotural governors were required to provide ameliorative measures against air-raids in the Eyushu districts. We also controlled the spread of rumours. 7. With the opening of hostilities against A, we tightened up the control of speech and press and provided defensive measures against the intrigues and propaganda of enemy countries. 8. We submitted to the regular session of the Diet a. bill for the amendment of the police regulations for preservation of law and order. 9. The decision was made for general elections to be carried out in 1942. . 119 2q Eighth period (January, February and March, 1942) 1. With the enforcement of martial law, local authorities were required to work in close collaboration with the commander of the forces enforcing martial law. This office also cooperated with the authorities concerned. 2. Regarding air-raids on the Metropolis:, the Chief of the Metro- politan Police Board was required to provide proper measures under the direction cf the commander of the forces enforcing martial law. 3. We effected the maximum of local delegation of our work to simplify our office work. 4. Secretaries and commissioners were sent to raided areas for superin- tendence and liaison work. Hinth period (April to September, 1942) As we were now under martial law, our line of policy was as follows, both for individual action and in cooperation with the authoiities-'oanc.erned: 1. Suppression of extreme cases cf speech or uress of advocation of open hostilities against D, arising from increasingly tense diplomatic relations with D. 2. Measures for defense against intrigues and espionage of A and. B as well as D. Doc. No. 2228 Page 3. In view of wartime circumstances, suppression of extreme criticisms in speech or press of Government policies, especially the government's diplomatic policies, and determined attempt at impartiality in the elections. 4. Temporary slackeniiig of control to celebrate the decisive sea victory over A. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 66. E3C0BDS CT TEiE PROGRESS 0? THEORETICAL MNEU7ERS JO? 10TAi 'WAR NO. 1 - 1941 rnbric-.ed "by T. SaSAZI, President of the Bank of Japan. pp.121- 122 Third period (August 194'.) 1. Measures for i advstrial capital, (a) Execution, of a measure to b.-e?l: the deadlock, m the "bond market. (t>) Guidance of loan policies ef finance institutions. 2. Stock market measures. (a) Purcha.se cf stocks "by the Ama.lgama.ted Securities Company of Japan to prevent a fall in stock prices. (b) Checking of new capital increase and of further calling up of capital payments. (c) Preparation for establishment of official prices of stocks. 3. Measures to cope with the foreign exchange question arising from the freezing of N's assets by both A and B. (a.) Conclusion of an agreement for the settlement of accounts on a barter ba.sis and centered in the East Asia cc—prosperity sphere. (b) Consideration for utilizing gold for the settlement of balance accounts. (c) Acceptance of the Yen as the foreign trade currency of the East Asia. Co-Prosperity Sphere. 4. Measures for the maintenance of the value of currencies linked to yen. (a) Economy in military expenditures. (b) Transfer to M and C of goods whose expo.-d tc third countries had become difficult. (c) Re-examinstion of development plans. p.122 Fourth period (September 1941) Measures for fostering the absorption of Government bonds and maintaining their market prices. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 67. (a) Enforcement of measures for converting into long-term invest- ments the abundant short-term investments of financial institutions. (b) Support of the market prices of Government bonds through the Nikko Securities Co. (c) Curbing of Government bond sales by the financial institutions. (d) Absorption by security dealers of Government bonds sold out by individuals. p.123 Eifth period (October 1940.) 1. Measures against tuns on banks- i (a) Previous provision of 'bark notes et each place. (b) Supplying each brink with sufficient funds for the payment of deposits. (c) Announcement to the effect that the government had no intention of restricting the repayment of deposits, 2. Measures against the tight money situation of those engaged in foreign trade. Curbing of the recalling of loans to them, and assistance to them by releasing relief funds. p.123 Sixth Period (November 1941) 1. Measures for preventing disturbances in financial circles. (a) The expansion and reinforcement of the Financial Council. (b) Support for the maintenance of market prices of securities. (c) Sew preparations after the runs on, banks have subsided. 2. Far the 77th special session of the Diet- Requested the presentation of the Bank of tfapan Special Finance and Indemnification of Losses Bill. p. 124 Seventh Period ('December 1941.) 1. Measures to cop? with the tight situation of industrial finance. (a) Enforcement of special finance for the relief of non-utilized capital and idle equipment. (b) Guidance for the rationalization of management on the part of the capitalists. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 68. (c) Adoption of the ft nap-till system. 2. Measures to oepe with the demand for funds to effect end-of-year payments. (a) Adjustment cf the disbursement of government flands. (b) The release of the funds of the Bank of Japan. 3. Measures to crpe with the air-raids in northern Kyushu. (a) Extension of emergency loans "by the Mpji and Fukuoka "branches of the Bank of Japan and the establishment of temporary sub-offices (b) Suppression cf the recalling of loans by city banks. pp.124- 125 Eighth Period (Prom January to March, 1942). 1. Measures for the perfection of the financial structure. (a) Organization of a. financial control system. (b) Carrying out the reformation of the Bank of Japan. 2. We reouested the presentation of the following bills to the 78th ordinary session of the Diet. (a) Financial Organization Bills. (b) Bill for Revision of the Bank of Japan Law- 3. Measures against air-ra.ids on Tokyo. (a) The appointment of proxies for carrying on the business of the banks destroyed by fire. £b) Partial postponement of check clearing. (c) Supplying funds from the Bank of Japan in order to prevent dis- X ~ :turbances in financial circles. (d) The enforcement of mea.sures necessary for continuing business during air-raids. Pp.125 Ninth oeriod (April to August 1942) 126 1. Measures for carrying out the Financial Organizations Law. Doc. ITo. 2228 Page 69. The Bank of Japan, in view of its duties in "becoming the nucleus of the organization, carried out various measures necessary for the powerful and smooth enforcement of the law. 2. Measures for the commencement of the business of the Wartime Finance Corporation. The corporation was ma.de a. powerful channel for raising industrial capital "by making active use of the increased capacity of the Bank of Japan for Supplying funds as the result of the reforzation of the Bank of Japan law* 3. Measures to prevent the increased issue of currency. (a) Prevented the possession of a large sum of cash through the use of current account checks, postal deposits, etc. (b) Put to use relief funds disbursed by various sources. (c) Postered the absorption of Government bonds by providing appropriate allotment of ,"icc certificates, Finance Ministry certificates and short-term Government bonds. 4. Measures to cope with the delay in the settlement of accounts for imports of foreign rice. (a) As it was the first settlement of accounts for the deferred payment towards F, the accounts were settled, by the export of necessary goods from N« From this year on efforts will be ma.de to moderate the terms of payment. (b) In the case of T, we settled the accounts in gold p„s much as possible, avoiding settlement by goods, as T had demanded to be paid in gold. Furthermore, we participated in the /discussion of the/ Planning Boa.rd and the First Committee and gave our suggestions and opinions, as the occasion demanded. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 70 (Confi^ential Documents) Records of the Progress of the "heoretical Maneuvers of Total War Fo. 1 for 1941 by AKFTAGAWA, Osamu Railway Minister of the Government of Blue Country. p. 12P Maneuvers during the third period. ; 1. Feasvres for Railway Transportation (Aug, 194-1) The enormous expansion of the situation necessitated an increase in military transportation whrch increased the re- quisitioning of ships, freight trucks and horses. It was thus inevitable that this situation shorld influence in every possi- ble way transportation as a whole. Accordingly, in establishing the following line ,of. policy, we looked forward to harmoniors workin? of military transportation, transportation concerned with increase of production and transportation of the necessities of life: (a) Restrictions on passe^cer transportation o n both a quality and a quantity basis, (b) Restrictions on freight transportation owing to the shift from marine transportation, and al-jo the decline in small scale transport capacity. 2. Measures for motor-truck transportation. As a measure to counteract the decline of transportation- capacity produced by requisitioning, freight trucks in the larger cities were placed mder control p. 129-130 Maneuvers durin? the fourth, period. (September 194-1) 1. Measures for the transportation of coal, from SAGHALIEF, HOKKAIDO and KYUSHU. (1) As measures for the transportation of coal from SAGHALIEN, HOKKAIDO, harbor facilities and overland transpor- tation capacitv were increased, taking into consideration the shift from marine transportation/to overland transportation./ (2) As measures for the transportation of coal from KYUSHU, the completion of the KAMMON Tunnel was hastened t0 prepare for the shift/to overland transportation/from trans- portation by steam - and - sail - driven boats. DOC. NO. 222? Page 71 2. Measures for maintaining the present railway capa- city. (1) Efforts were made to increase transportation capacity by expanding equipment, replenishing personnel, and increasing efficiency. (2) Control was effected of passenger and freight traffic to regulate the demands for transportation. (3) Transportation of munitions and the necessities of life must be maintained to the last. The suppression of ordinary transportation was effected first, of all,, and if unavoidable, the restrictions were extended to comparatively non-urgent materials among those for production increase, 3.- Measures for small scale transportation. As the stringency in the capacity of small scale trans- portation not only reduced the railway transportation capacity, but also greatly affected the movement of Emergency materials, freight, trucks in the larger cities were placed under national control, 4. Cooperation in the control cf passenger and freight traffic was requested of the various organs concerned, pp. 130-131 Maneuvers during the 5th period (Oct 1941) 1. In respect to railway passenger-traffic, the people at larere had deepened their understanding of the current situ- ation and the volume of passenger traffic had decreased, through the cooperation of the various ergans concerned. However, we kept the regulation in force since the situation permitted no optimistic outlook for the future, 2. In respect to railway freight traffic, we continued the policy of the preceding period. 3. The procedure for placing the freight trucks in the larger cities under national control was completed, and actual operation was commenced. 4. Matters to be prepared beforehand to cope with extra- ordinary damage during air raids against railways. In antici- pation of air raids by A, B and E, we adopted air defense measures, with stress on the Keihin, Hanshin and Northern Kyushu districts, and at the same time drew up a plan for the transportation of the people seriously affected. DOC. HO. 2228 Page 72 p. 131 Faneuvers during the sixth period (Nov, 194-1) 1. Feasures for maintaining the railway busiress in Japan Proper in connection with the advance Into E. In order to replenish thp shortage o^ employees and mater- ials resulting from the furnishing of personnel and materials in connection with this advance, the sphere of employment of women was widened, r - tired personnel were re-employed and some of the operating lines, as well as those already constructed but so far not onr ra'sd, w re removed. 2. Revision of the Railway Business Law. Passed by the Extraordinary session of the ri .t jr> the latter part of November. Sirce, by t'-is revision, we were able to refuse transpor- tation, accord preferential transportation and inspect th~ contents of freight dirring war tire conditions, control of trans- portation could display its effective results by the operation of t'--is law. p. 132-133 Faneuvers during the 7th period (Dec. 1941) 1. Feasures to aid the railways of M and C]_ Due to t.h~ pressure of work since August, the wear and tear and damage sustained by the railways of F and C]_ were so severe that the Government of Blue Country was requested to furnish men and materials. As "B^ue Country", at the request of the Supreme COT and Headquarters had already extended men and materials to E (F), her transportation capacity had fallen into fairly straightened circumstances. However, since the shortage of men and materials in M and 0. world not only affect the transportation of necessary materials between N, F and C^, but world also greatly affect the transportation of military su Plies and necessities of life within F and C-i , it was decided to extend aid as much as possi- ble, while taking into account the future demands of the Supreme CoTand Headquarters. 2. Measures for railways transportation in time of TVrr. In order to be prepared to transport, refugees during air raids and guard against any decline in our transportation capacity under wartire conditions, the speed and spacing of train were equalized to form a balanced schedule, while their compo- sition was standardized. DOr. NO. 222P Page 73 3. Me-sures for the air raid damage in northernKyushu. T-:c'o. ion of damaged places connecting transportation, and" the tran portation of air raid victims were carried out to the utmost. P. 133 Maneuvers during the Fth period. (Jan 1942) Measures for the damage derie by air raids in the metropolis and the surrounding districts. 1. Efforts w-re made t.o restore th" damaged places, and at the same ti^e the necessary transportation facilities in the cities for "commuting" were mobilized to display their utmost capacity. 2. Ev +-he use of trucks and ships, every possible pru- dential measure was taken for the transportation of afflicted peonle, food and charcoal. p. 133-134 Maneuvers for the 9th period (Apr & May 1942) 1. Since the operation of the railways became unsatis- factory or account of the scarcity of n°n and materials, we tightened up the regulation of the demand for ordinary trans- portation accord?pg to established policy. At thr same time efforts were made to promote th' efficient operation of cars by encouragement of the employees. 2. In r spect to the control of local railways and tjpamwavs we exercised a intensive supervision and strove to alleviate the situation by common use of the cars. 3. According to supplementary information, thr operations of railways and trucks were restrict d as a result of insuffi- cient distribution of fuel and scarcity of labour. Since a drastic revision of the time schedule and the reduction in the train services were carried out as a result of it, a great shock was given to the people. As counter measures, the following were adopted: CD The Minister's statement to t1 e press and broadcast by radio. (2) Preferential transportation of the necessities of life. DOC. NO* 2228 P a g S 7 (3) Ev spiritual training the railway employees were inculcated with a "rulv spirit of service abandoning the con- cept that they were letting people ride or transporting them as a favor, and devote themselves to service to the country throueh transportation. i DOC. NO. 22?P. 75 Records of th" Progress of the Tu"or- tical Maneuvers for Total No. 1 for 1941. Submitted by KIYOI, Masashi, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry p.135-13? Measures for the 3rd P-riod (Aug 1941) No. 1. Emergency '-rtlme Food Measures, • 1. Rice £ 3 (1) Further restrictions on consumption. (a) r)0% reduction of rice for sake brewing, etc. (b) Ration cards or tickets in roduced in every city. (c) Reduction of ratiens from 2.3 "r:o" to 1.1 "ro" per person, but with increase'1 elasticity. (2) extra delivery of 1,000,000 "koku" /Foku is 4.9629 bushels/ from th- rice kept forth- farmer's own con- sumption . ( 3 ) '̂hr p rf^ction of th'- rationing system and of ware- houses . 2. '"'heat State control w~s strengthened all along the line, and at the same time the uses of wheat, other than as food, were restricted. 3. Preparations worn under way for an all-round ration ticket sys em for r.ll kinds of food. 4-. Go^ern^ent prrchase was b-^un of dried noodles and starch. Increased production was begun of sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, etc. and also of emergency food articles. 6. Storage In th' six major cities and S" imonoseki-Moji district, one w-ek's provision in each family and a month's provision in the distributing organs 1,190,000 Mkoku". The government provided a three months' supply for these districts. The manufacturing companies or organizations con- cerned were ordered to always keep in storage more than a month's DOC. NO. 2228 P aS e 7 6 supply of "miso", soy oil, condensed or powdered milk, salted or dried fish, dairy products, frozen foods, etc. for the con- sumption of xh se districts. 7. Drudential measures were taken to secure the import of foreign rice. 8. Special stress was laid on spiritual mobilization. No. II - Measures for the expansion of food production plan. 1. Stress was laid on the nrodrcticn of staple foods or their substitutes, oomnulsory ela^ting or restricted planting, encouragement of growing catoll-crops and two crops a y-ar, and emphasis on self-supplied 'ertiliz^rs. 2. Emergency measures adopted for damage by floods. 3. Strecs laid on fishing in inland and coastal waters and use of sardines and herrings as food. No. Ill - Labour measures. 1, Labour. '®rith the collaboration of + he Welfare Ministry, we enforced a registration system, prjhibited the "ransfer of laborers to unimportant industries, and adopted other measures to promote planning. At the same time we strengthened the measures wMch had been adopted ureviously. 2. Fostered the efficient use of farming machines ard animal powr by encouraging th ir collective use. p.139 Maneuvers during the 5th period (Sept. 1941) No. L. In view of the decrease in the import of Korean rice, it became necessary to unify the food policy for N proper, oversea areas, M and C-| collectively. We proposed that an aonro- priate measure be taken for the establishment of a concrete policy. This nroposal was accepted. We also warned M and C-̂ that it would be difficult to export rice from N proper next year. No. II - As a measure for cooing with the labor system, we made ^reparations for the ad°>-tion of a permit system for the transfer of farmers to other occupations. No. Ill The hording of food in large cities was recognized to a certain extent, and the sealing of canned foods in the course of manufacture was suspended. The food bloc system in prefectures was rejected. QOC. NO. 2228 P aS e 7? p. 140 - ''ppcvv-rs during the 5th period (Oct 1941) No. I - Thr actual rice hardest. for this year being 5^,000,000 "koku" , it was necessary to import ,000,000 "koku" of rice from F and T, This was decided at the cabinet meeting and immediately nut into effect. No. II - In regard to labor, we are especially considering a joint farming system for the future. ,,Te requested the r'ar Minister to consider the system of permitting soldiers to return to their homes dur-'ng the farming season. In regard to arable land, the development of highlands was encouraged. No. Ill - 7e requested supervision of disquieting con- ditions due to scarcity of food, but we made some provision of cereals in order to cope with possible e r e r5 G n Cy. No. IV Whaling expeditions were suspended, but no com- pensatory measure was taken. p. 141-142 Maneuvers for the 6th period (Nov. 1941) No. I As obstacles to the import of foreign rice were arising, the following steps were taken: 1. We adopted a composite ration ticket system. Separate composite ration ticket systems for rice substitutes and for other foods were adopted. If necessary, these tavo were to be combined with rice into a single composite ration ticket system. 2. ™Te Imported overseas rice. 3. The uses of rice, other than as food will be greatly restricted next year. Requested the For -i gn Minister to nego- tiate in regard to the increasing of rice production in F and T, its distribution control, and improvement of facilities. No. II - Although M and North C requested wheat, we replied that this could not be done at present, "CTe also proposed a joint conference to discuss future collaboration between the three countries. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 78 No. Ill - As counter-measures for fertiliziers, we decided to discourage reliance on commercial fertilizers and foster the use of self-supplied fertilizers. No. IV - The special session of the Diet. was opened. In order to make possible the collective forming of waste lands and returned tenant lands, we submitted the collectiv- farming Bill, which was passed as submitted. p.14^ Measures for the 7th period (Dec. 1941) No, I - War with A and E began, imports from F and T were not going smoothly. Collection in F and T was unsatisfactory. Faced with a long drawn out war, etc., and after an estimation of the food situatidn a y~ar after next, it was found necessary to effect a further reduction of 0,2 "go" in the rice ration per person bringing the ration down to 1,9 "go" per person per day. In view of the seriousness of the situation the matter was submitted to the Cabinet meeting and a decision reached. No. II - As relief measures, subsidiary industries ware encouraged as much as possible In the farming villages, impor- tance was attached to providing employment to enable them to ob- tain ready cash), and th~ extension of loans was encouraged. (Early part of Dec.) p. 144-145 Measures for the 8th period. January, 194-2 No. I. We requested and received th' approval of the War Minister to make use of requisitioned vessels and return voyage bottoms for the importation of foreign rice. Mo, II - As to the rural districts the activities of debt adjustment association, and 1oan association" were encouraged. No. Ill - Measures for the Diet, Having decided to rely on the Ganaral Mobilization Law for the control of agricultural organization, we submitt-d no bill for it. No. IV - Air defense measures We did our best to secure food and charcoal at the time of the air raids on the Metropolis. (1Biarch, 1942)- Page 79 DOC. NO. 222? r '!e requested and received the approval of the offices concerned to increase the transportation of rice by 300,000 "koku" per month after Anril in view of the alleviation of the situation in rep-ard to the import of foreign rice. p.146-147 Measures for the 9th Period. (April and May, 1942) No. I - Food ration of l.c "go" per p-rson was maintained and efforts were made to increase the distribution of cereals and other substitutes. No. II - It is our policy to continue tho Manchurian immigration clan, but in reality the number will decrease. No. Ill - As to labor, the collective Farming Law was enforced and at the same time the established plan was con- tinued. ' ~ 1 - - \ , (July 1942) No. I - As a normal year's rice harvsst was anticipated we calculated on this basis the demand and supply for 1943, and finally reached the conclusion that it was necessary to imnort about 4,5r0,00 "koku". No. II - We also made every arrangement to supply char- coal for generating gas. p. 14? Records of the Progress of the theoretical Maneuvers of Total ,rar No. I for 1941 Presented by: Iwao MORI, Minister of Communications (First and recond Periods Omitted) P.148-150 Third ^eriod Though N's relations with A, B, D and E were not acute, international relations c^uld hardly be called tranquil. As men and ships had be<~.n mobilized and D's espionage activities had been most energetic, the following measures were adopted: 1. Measures of replenishment and increase for the de- cline in numbers of ships and crews. (a) Material, labor and funds, are required in order to augment our shipping, and so, while wo shall do our b^st to build now ships, we shall do our best also to charter or buy ships from X, F and T. (b) As a measure to increase the number of seamen, retired seamen will be recalled, advertising for seamen will be inten- sified and vigorously carried out; and the number of men per ship will be reduced. DOC. NO.2228 P a§ e 8 0 » ' « (c) To prep'-re ovrsalvs against th~ econoric presstr.- 01 A and B, s!~ips w re temporarily placed ^n the lines to these countries to hasten the import of urgent war materials. 2. Measures for obtaining ship's fuel. (a) There was prospect of securing coal for shins. (b) Motor sh^ps and cru^e oil burning steamships were transferred as soon as possible to the American line so as to take in crude oil +'rcm the United States of America. (c) nje requested that motor ships a^d crude oil burning steamships be used for military requisitioned ships. 3. Counter mcrsures for the sudden increase of communica- tions and for the shortage of employees. (a) Although no authoritative measures w re adopted for mails and telephones, a restriction of t ic grams was enforced by ministe ial ordinance.. (V; As to the shortage of employees, it was decided to secure technicians chiefly by intensifying the training of newly employed workers, and at the same time by teaching telegraphy. v to all employees0 4-. Oonmunication control, with special consideration to ose liaison with oversea areas, ¥ and C^. (a) As to mails Emergency Imperial Ordinance for +he control of mails was enacted (promulgated on Sept. 20) whereunder letters may be opened and inspected and, when occasion demands confiscated. (B) AS to telegraph and telephone services, a thorough control was effected by reinforcing th° personnel. p. 150-151 Fourth Period Relations between X ard A b came more and more strained, and there were also indications of a movement in the internation- al situation rounding ft. The requisitioning of ships was con- tinued as the result of the revision of the commodity mobiliza- tion plan, civil aviation fell into extreme difficulties. The measures taken during this period were as follows:- 1. Mersures for civil aviation. DOC. NO. 222P 6 (a) All regular air lines, excepting those engaged in communication with th' continent, and the Southern Air lines were suspended. (b) Training of aviators was to he continued according to schedule at all costs, even in the face of a great decrease in the supply of gasoline. 2. Counter measures for the new demand for teleohon~s. Although there were nunrrous applications from muniti-ss and general mobilization quarters only those deemed most urgent were installed fer the tire being leaving the fundamental solution of the problem to a later date, 3. Measures concerning the enforcement of mail control. In close collaboration with the police and the gendarmes, censors were placed in the principal offices to take charge of censorship. Some mails wh:' oh coî ld be easily used for espionage purposes were either prohibited or restricted 4. Intensification of marine transportation control and emphasis on transportation of important materials. « In order to tighten up the control of marina transportation a Shipping Board vrs established to requisition all s^ips, wh ch were then allowed as a rule, to be op-rated b- their owners or proxy in accordance with the policy of emphasizing the transpor- tation of important materials, (Decided by the Cabinet meeting). 5. Relationship between thr securing of important foreign materials and the prevention of internment and capture of shins. In colleboration with the Navy and the Foreign Ministry, we made nr-aerations to c^pe v/ith any sudden development in the situations, and continu-d the assignment of ships in the full expectation of undergoing seme sacrifices. p.151-152 Fifth Period. Ti;'ith the entrance of X and A into a state of hostilities against each other, the detainment of N's ships bv A, etc. and u's refusal to continue th" negotiations with N, the situation becomes somewhat acute. The Supreme Cor-r and Headquarters of N requested that the sunply of materials from E be secured. The Cabinet meeting of October 15 decided upon advancing into E by force. Although the use of communications declined somewhat, the transmission of secret information via A was very active. DOC. NO. 2228 P a ge 8 2 It was now impossible to assign ships to the A, E, S and L areas and num rous shi-s had b en requisitioned. The measures taken In this p riod were as follows: 1. Measures to be taken beforehand against air raids on communication facilities, (a) Transfer of the important lines to saf - r places, and the camouflage of important stations. (b) Preparations for men and materials for reconstruction and selection of stations to replace the ones damaged. (c) Construction of temporary lines and preparations for wireless communications, (d) Suspension of telephone and r^dio broadcasting service during air raids. 2. Measures for the control of communications with A. (a) Detection of illicit facilities in the country. (b) Replenishment of telegraphic officials. • (c) Tightenir^ UP of control over telegrams and telephone calls to A, especially the use of secret languages. (d) In collaboration with the police, tightening up of control over individuals (those listed). If war should start, foreigners and foraicrn correspondence w to be further r-' strict (e) Tightening up of corr-spo^dence to A from M and C-,, especially those from SHANGHAI. 3. Re-examination of the schedule for oceans going ships and the utilization of repatriation ships. (a) Shr'ps now in A, E, E and. L were ordered to enter neutral waters as soon as possible and proceed homeward. The placing of sh ps thereafter was suspended. (b) Repatriated cargo ships w- re used for voypges to F, T, Forth and Central r, KYTSYU and HOKKAIDO. 4. No reprisals against the ships of A and B in N and C ports wore to be made(until after our advance into E). D9C. NQ. 222P P a g e 8 3 p. 1^3-154- Sirth Period rphe situation grew further acute, and advancing the date or carrying ^t the Cabinet's previous decision concerning our operations against E, we finally resorted to the use of force on November 15, A'nd B also severed their economic relations with N. Marine transportation was greatly impeded owing to the further requisitioning of ships, Communications also was confronted with shortage of men and materials due to the ad- vance into E, The following measures were adopted under the circumstances, 1. Measures to maintain internal communication service following the advance into E, etc, (a) Restriction of telegraph service, and the reduction in the number of times of collecting and delivering mails. (b) Training of employees and the concentration of tech- nicians on telegraphy. (c) Closure of unimportant telegraph offices. 2. Measures to avoid t^o rigid use of military requisitioned ships. Owing to th_ drop of efficiency and the increase in re- quisitioned ships due to the military operations in the Southern Region, transportation capacity decreased to 4,?00,000 tons per month, thus causing a considerable accumulation of stocks. Accordingly, after consultation with tho War and the Navy Min- istries we decided to transport 5,000,000 tons during the year by utilizing the return voyages of military requisitioned ships. Furthermore, the distribution of crude oil was to be increased to promote the use of motor and sail driven boats, whereby 7,C00,000 tons was to be transported during the year. 3. Measures for fostering ship-building. All efforts were to be ma^e to secure materials, labor and funds, and at the same time by fixing a simple standard type of shipping with the object of shortening the number of con- struction days, with secondary importance attached to their quality. 4. Since the special session of the Diet was opened on Nov. 20, we drafted into concrete form the outline of state management of shipping which we had adopted previously. ™Te submitted to the Diet a Management Bill and a special account DOC. NO. 2228 Page 84 till necessary for carrying it out, and both of these bills were passed. (Danger allowances for seamen, and the nec- essary expenditure for shipping insurance were included in the budget for this special account.) pp. 154-156 Seventh Period Although the advance into E was progressing satisfacto- rily, A!s pressure on N increased, and N finally decided to start war against A. On Dec. 20, N made a sudden attack and landed on A's territory. The shortage of marine transporta- tion capacity affected all quarters. Not only was the southern line almost suspended by the operations in the Southern Region, but the ships sunk reached a considerable number. A re-examination of foreign communications was necessitated in view of our relations with A and B. There were many other matters which called for counter-measures, such as the scarcity of electricity, and air raids against FORMOSA and KYUSHU. (1) Measures for balancing the demand and supply of electricity. Besides stream-lining the transportation of coal and providing relief from other sources, we effected under the Electricty Adjustment Ordinance, a 15% restriction in general, except for military use or for use by the most urgent enterprises in the current situation. 2. Method of' utilizing equipment which has become idle owing to the suspension of communications and the countries with which our communications should be strengthened. The communications with X, F, T, Switzerland and Brazil were strengthened for collecting informations or for propaganda by using the equipment previously used for communication with A and B, which have become idle owing to the international situation. 3. Materialization of the broadcasts to E. As to short-wave broadcasts, those to the Southern Region chiefly from TOKYO and PALAU were strengthened. As to medium-wave broadcasts, small broadcasting instruments and necessary personnel were despatched to cooperate in propaganda. 4. Measures for the protection of ships and crew sailing in dangerous waters. DOC„ NO, 2228 Page 85 (a) A convoy system was adopted in the South China Sea. (b) A wartime shipping insurance system was established. (c) Complete sets of life saving equipment and danger allowances were provided for the crew. 5. With respect to the damage caused by the air-raid against northern Kyushu in the latter part of December, ?re strove to restox'e important facilities first according to establishsd plane 6. Transportation capacity during this period was 3,300,000 tors per month, which was very inadequate. Ships withdrawn from "the Southern Region owing to the cessation of transportation there were assigned to transportation to North China and coastal regions. pp. 156-158 Eighth Period In the middle part of January, the capture of Q and S was begun and Tokyo was raided. There was considerable damage done to telegraph and telephone service stations and power transmission lines. Transportation with the Southern Region continued to be disrupted, and the number of ships lost was considerable. However, with the progress of military operations, some ships were released from requisition in February,and transportation routes in the Southern Region were gradually revived. 1. Counter-measures for the air-raid on the Metropolis (Communications). (a) The Central Telegraph Office and the Central Telephone Office were not transferred to other places, but reconstructed with aid from other sources. (b) With respect to the destruction of the out-of- city lines via Tokaido, the principal lines were maintained by connections with the norther line. (c) Telegrams were places under necessary restrictions. 2. Measures to cope with the damage done to power transmission lines. (a) Electricity supply r?as restored according to the damaged condition of each factory and the degree of importance of the industry. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 86 (b) Electric lighting in general was restored as soon a c rsrr.c s i "hlc .1 3. Bills suhnitted to and adopted by the regular session of the Diet. (a) Postal Lav Revision Bill. The hendLing of certain kinds of postal natters nay be refused, if occasion demands during wartime. (b) Telegraph Law Revision Bill. Telephone subscribers nay be forced to give up the service, if occasion denands during wartime. 4. Marine transportation capacity. Although -re were confronted with difficulties owing to the scarcity of ships and the disruption of transportation with the Southern Region, we were able to recover trans- portation capacity of 4,000,000 tons to 4,500,000 tons per month through the release of ships from requisition. However, transportation from F and T was but only half the amount. "pp. 158-15? Ninth Period Operations in E, P, and Q area were almost completed and there followed the clash of the main fleets of N and A. Although the southern sea-route was reviving, our loss of ships gradually increased owing to the activities of A's submarines and aeroplanes operating from their bases in R. On the other hand some ships recmisitioned by the navy were released. r'ith the activities of the submarines, there was a shortage in the number of applicants for seamen. The difficulties in communication and transportation also increased. As there were many people listening to foreign short-wave broadcast through "all-wave receivers", we adopted the following measures. 1. Measures to smooth out communication difficulties. (a) Restriction of third and fourth class mails, parcel-posts and telegrams. (b) Forced withdrawal of telephones and the restriction of the frequency of telephone calls. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 87 (c) Intensification of the training of telegraphic technicians and the expansion of the field for inexperienced operators by simplifying operations. 2. Measures against the listening in to foreign short-wave broadcasts by our nationals and aliens. (a) Strict supervision of the unlawful possession of "all-wave receivers." (b) Control by the Hone Ministry and Foreign Ministry of propaganda by listeners to foreign short-wave broadcasts. 3. Transportation plan for materials fron E, P. and Q. In consultation with the Army and Navy, we decided to transport materials to Japan Proper by means of requisitioned ships, and at the same time have non-requisitioned ships cooperate in military transportation in their outward voyages. 4. Measures to cope with the decrease of applicants for jobs as seamen and the increase in the number of seamen leaving their ships. (a) Inculcation of maritime spirit. (b) Requisitioning. (c) Make those wishing to leave their ships change their mind. (d) No increase in danger allowances was to be made. DOC. NO. 2228 Pa8e 8 8 (Confidential Document) A General Outline of the Progress of the Manoeuvres of the Blue Country (The Jurisdiction of the Justice Ministry) Kentaro MIBUCHI, Minister of Justice. p. l6o 4-th Period of Manoeuvres (September, 1941). 1. Report was received regarding the leakage of N-A negotiations that on Sept. 25, 194-1, the chief public procurator of the Tokyo district criminal court lodged a suit against a certain person who had attended the con- ference. (cf„ the Justice Minister's instruction "Con- fidential, No. 899, 1941"). pp. 160-162 2. 6th Period of Manoeuvres (Nov., 1941). In view of the frequent violations of economic control, the following measures could be considered by the justice authorities as long as it remained difficult to supplement personnel: (1) revision of the substantive law, (2) revision cf the adjective law, (3) a more rational management of existing systems. 1. As to the revision of the substantive law, we sub- mitted to the extraordinary session of the Diet, a "bill for the maintenance of national life", which was approved. This law pertains to the establishment of constituent elements for crimes of conventional offenses to promote speed and simplification in their investigations and thorough control of such crimes by suppressing the main organs, in order to work to secure important materials, particularly necessities of life, and for their eoual distribution. 2. As to the revision of the adjective law, we sub- mitted "a bill for the special criminal procedures under wartime emergency," to the same session of the Diet which was also approved. This law provides for a two trial system, generally in conformity with the procedure regula- tions of the national defense peace preservance lay;, and acknowledges the procurator's power for compulsory detentions prior to indictment. 3. The management of the system was entrusted to the authority of the chief public procurator cf each court of appeal. He was to undertake such matters as commanding the management of business of districts where the procurator was overworked, inducing judges to become procurators, and appointing more than half of those taking examinations for the bar as procurators. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 89 III. 7th Period of Manoeuvres (Dec., 1941.) Bills presented to and adopted by the ordinary session of the Diet were as fellows; 1. "Law for the punishment of special wartime crimes". This law prescribes strict uurislment for crimes committed during wartime such as (1) theft in residences vacated in flight, (2) various kinds of' crimes, violence and regular theft prescribed in the criminal law, and committed during defense activities by Army or Favy or during black-outs, (3) damaging of necessary facilities and others established for air-defense. 2. "Code for special civil case procedures under war- time emergency conditions." Procedures for civil trials under wartime emergency conditions will comply with this code, as a rule, and will simplify trials in conformity with the code of pro- cedure for non-litigious cases and at the same time grant the Court the rights of discretional trial bjr compulsory arbitration as in article 7 of the code of arbitration for monetary debts. Furthermore, as measures against decreasing of personnel, the jurisdictional rights of the district courts shall be extended, and appeals to higher courts restricted; and as measures for air-raids and transportation restrictions, offices may be opened at any time and in any place by order of the Minister of Justice, and documents maj7" be dispatched in a special simplified method. 3. Revisions in the code of special criminal proced- ure under wartime emergency conditions. As measures against decreasing cf personnel, and air-raid and transportation restrictions, the same revisions were made as in civil procedures. pp. 163-164 IV. 8th Period of Manoeuvres (Jan. to Mar., 194 hs the Shitaya temporary branch office of the Tokyo district criminal court was destroyed in a fire caused by an air-raid in January of 1942; and seme of the register books wore also destroyed; (1) It was decided by order of the Ministry of Justice that the business of the above branch office should be managed at the main office, (cf, Article 17, II; Code of Court Constitution.) DOC. NO. 2228 Page 90. (2) Registration "business at the above branch office temporarily suspended by notification of the Ministry of Justice„ (cf» Article 10, Code for registration of snnovable properties.) (5) Application for restoration registration o.n designated terns was permitted by the above notification, (cf. Article 23, Code for registration of "immovable properties.) DOC. NO. 2228 Page 91 P. 165 To; The Government of Blue' Country Fron: The Minister of Education Measures adopted "by the Education Ministry in the 1st Theoretical Total i:'ar Manoeuvres. p. 165 Period 3 (middle and latter part of Aug., 1941). A national spiritual mobilization was carried out in collaboration wit'h the Imperial Rule Assistance Association. lrL_£arLloular nation-wide organizations' 113«3 S6hooJ s, culturaT~nrr|^±Tations, etc., were utilized to emphasize the need ef nutting the national spirit on a basis of preparation ror ^ar. to promote tne spirit or pupnc service, to encourage savings; to drive hone the signifi- cance~~af travel restrictions^ to start a noy^™^* "f>nT> a nrsw wartime mode of living^ and to get students to give their services for labour. (Details '/ere as contained in the reports of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association.) pp. 165-166 4th Period (middle and latter part of Set., 1941) (1) Intensification of the activities of the Students' Patriotic Organization. As a measure against labour shortage,the activities of the recently organized Students' Patriotic Organization were intensified to contribute to the increased production of food and the expansion of production. (2) Establishment of ideological guidance systen as a measure for strengthening spiritual mobilization. An organization for positive guidance of national ideology was set up to establish and strengthen the ideological national defense system. 3. Measures for raising the morale of Educators. (a) Educational organizations throughout the country were united, and with permission, we were granted a member of the Imperial Family as president, thereb3>- doing our best to raise the morale of educators. (b) A voluntary educational assistance movement was developed by educators under consciousness of being fighters on the fronts of the nation's ideological defense. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 92 pp. 166-168 5th Period (middle and latter part of Oct., 194-1). 1. Measures adopted to arouse the national morale. Besides intensifying the various plans which we had been following, the people were kept informed, as long as there was no inconvenience, of the present situation of Blue Country at home and abroad, and of its future course, to stimulate self-inspiration and encouragement. 2. Measures for raising the national spirit. As the state of things had come to manifest still further the acuteness of the situation, the pressing need of the nonent w, s to raise the spirit of the general public, so a basic plan for it was established and carried out immediately. (a) The definite object of spiritual mobilization was to be the manifestation of the total power of a united nation. (b) The Ministers and the leaders were to take the lead and set an example, and importance was to be laid on the moral side of administration. (c) The establishment of Japanese education and reconstruction of the national life in line with Japanese ways. (d) The establishment of a strong and sturdy wartime national life both in its spiritual and material aspects. 3. Counter-measures for internal strife between the different Buddhist sects and for the guidance of the people's spiritual life. (a) The roots of internal troubles were to be exterminated by re-examination of doctrines, tightening of supervision, and short courses of education in Japanese Buddhism, etc. (b) By studying Japanese religion through the establishment of the Religious Investigation Committee and reorganization of the National Spirit and Culture Research Institute, the people were to be guided so as to prevent disturbance of their spiritual life. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 93 p. 168 6th Period (Middle and latter part of Nov., 1941). 1. Measures to cope ,Tith the shortage of technicians. (a) As an emergency measure the graduation period for students who are scheduled to be graduated in March, 1942, from technical and agricultural schools lower than colleges, was to be advanced to December. (b) Plans for the future, apart from existing plans, included the expansion and continuation of the 2nd regular course and the special course in technical schools, establishment of more regular and 2nd regular courses, in agricultural schools, establishment of more higher technical and agricultural schools, and increase of enroll- ment in science courses in the higher schools. pp. 168-169 7th Period (Middle and latter part of Dec., 1941 1. Measures to cone with the shortage of elementary school teachers. (a) As an emergency measure, students scheduled to be graduated from normal schools next March were to be graduated in advance in December; retired teachers were to be re-employed; and three months or six months short course training for assistant teachers was to be offered. (b) As permanent measures;—Increase of classes in normal schools; expansion of the provisions for teachers' welfare, prevention of the change of occupations by raising the spirit of national service through education, study and preparation for requisitioning girls graduating from girls' high schools as elementary school teachers. 2. Air defense measures in schools, etc. Directions on air-defense measures were given to the Ministry of Education and all sections under its direct jurisdiction, public and private schools, social educational institutions, temples, national treasures, attached hospitals, etc.,respectively to take appropriate air defense measures. The Wartime Measures Guidance Section was established in the Education Ministry to take charge of this guidance. pp. 169-170 8th Period (Jan.-Mar., 1942). 1. Presentation of a bill for the incorporation of schools. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 94 In order to conpletely organize the educational system for total war, a fundamental renovation of private schools was felt to be necessary. As a gleans to this end we hoeed to effect thorough supervision and guidance from the financial side. 2. Measures against air-raids on Tokyo. According to established plans, the Governor of Tokyo Prefecture was empowered to act on the order of the Martial Law Headquarters, while this Ministry assumed the leader- ship in command. (a) Elementary school buildings in the vicinity of the damaged districts were utilized to shelter the victims. (b) Refugee students and school children were out into schools in the country or in other schools in Tokyo. (c) Students' Patriotic Organizations were made to cleery;he districts destroyed by fire. (d) Schools in the entire city were closed for about ten days. pp. 170-171 9th Period (Apr.—Aug., 1942). 1. Results of the investigations concerning the abolition of the postponement of conscripting students. In anticipation of the day when this problem will have to be considered with the development of the situation, an investigation was made from the standpoint of education, the result of which were as follows: (a) In view of the fact that the enforcement of this matter would bring about much confusion and waste in education, it should be carried out only when absolutely essential for the reinforcement of military forces. (b) Actual measures to be taken upon its enforcement. 1. Method for execution of examinations. 2. Scone of its application. 3. Special technicians. 4. Treatment of the returned soldier. 5. Measures for dealing with faculty members. DOC, NO. 2228 Page 95 2. Supplements to the measures to cope with the shortage of elementary school teachers.- When the next 700,000 men are mobilised for the armed forces, the number of school teachers to be con- scripted is estimated to reach 5,250. Therefore, suitable persons from among the graduates of high schools, (mostly females) shall be registered according to the revised National Working Capacity Report Ordinance, and conscripted to serve as assistant teachers. DOp j NO. 2228 Page 96 (Confidential Document) August 1941 p. 172 Theoretical War Maneuver for Total War No. 1, for 1941 Records of Progress of Blue Country's Naval Maneuvers. Navy Ministers Lieutenant-Commander Tadashi SHIMURAy 173 Third. Pjriod of Maneuvers (6 to 3 1 Aug.. Period of strained international relations) 1. Naval armaments and war preparations were completed according to pre-arranged schedule. 2. By 31 August 3,000 men with the rank of warrant officer or above and 50,000 petty officers and men were called cut and 100,000 tons of shipping were requisitioned. 3. A request was made in the Cabinet Conference on August 6, for the acquisition from A, B, E., etc. ? of materials of which we are short, as' far as conditions allow. pp. 173-174 4th Period of Maneuvers .1 to 30 Sept. (period of strained international relations). 1. Completion of armaments and war preparations were continued. 2. The following notification was given to the Ministrj of Communications regarding measures for ships sent over- seas . (a) Shins proceeding to the west coasts of south and north A should continually maintain communications from anywhere east of 180° east longitude. If there is any sudden change in the situation, ships should try their best to.escape and take the South Pacific route, making clear the shipfe /position/ all the time; but if captured by warships of A, B and E, measures should be taken to scuttle the ship. ' 0 * 3.ti.ip3 brim.?' fDi ii, ! I >v.f £iie Southern xtegien should t&ke refuge in $cuch Sea .islands, or the ports of F on South C which are occupied by us. Other- wise, same as above. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 97 pp. 174-175 Fifth Period. Manoeuvres. (1 to 3 1 Oct. Period when war became inevitable.) 1. Completion of armaments and war preparations were continued. 2. Since A interned N's ships anchored in A's harbours with, B, E and L-s successive cooperation, we stopped sending ships abroad any more, and at the same time notified the Communications Ministry of the execution of the proposal made in the Fourth Period. 3 . In accordance with the Cabinet's decision to advance into E, we called out on 15 October 3,000 men with the rank of warrant officer or above and 50,000 non- commissioned officers and men, and requisitioned 500,000 tens of shipping. p. 175 Sixth Period Manoeuvres. (Nov. 1 to 3 0 . Period of advance into E) 1. Completion of armaments and war preparations were continued. 2. In the Cabinet Conference held in the middle part of November the following requests were made as the views of the Supreme Command: (a) Under the present conditions, war with A and B was not considered entirely unavoidable. (b) Every effort should be made to realize the matters which were decided by the Cabinet Council on 15 October, and also those which received Imperial Sanction on 5 Novembe 3. On 15 November 100,000 tons of ships and 200,000 tons of oil tankers were requisitioned in preparation for the war against A. p. 1s5 Seventh Period Manoeuvres: (12 to 31 December, period when war against A and B was started). 1. Repletion of armaments and war preparations were continued. 2. On 15 December 100,000 tens of ships and 100,000 tons of oil tankers were requisitioned for use in the operations against A. 3. On 20 December two platoons of troops were sent out from the Yckosuka naval barracks for air defence duties. (They lived at the Navy Ministry, in schools, etc.) DOC. NO. 2228 Page 98 pp. 176-177 Eighth Period Manoeuvres (1 Jan. to 3 1 March, 1942. Period of war against A, B and E.) 1. Repletion cf arnanents and war preparations were continued and damaged warcraft and vessels were repaired. 2. During the air-raid on the metropolis on January 25, by A's carrier-borne planes, bombs were dropped on the Navy Ministry, causing destruction of a part of the buildings. The situation was properly handled by the detailed troops. 3. On 1 February various neutral countries were notified of the establishment of danger zones by Blue Country. However, D's ships would be given escort through these zones if notification was received beforehand. 4. After discussions, ifre notified the Supreme Command of our decision as to the waters in which the enemy's commercial traffic should be destroyed. p. 177 Ninth Period. Manoeuvres. (1 April to 3 1 August - Period of war against A, B, and E.) 1. Completion of armaments and war preparations were continued and damaged ships repaired. 2. On 1 May we prohibited the passage of D's ships through the waters cf Blue Country's danger zones. 3. On 15 July, 250,000 tons of ships and 50,000 tons of oil tankers were released from requisition. DOC. NO, 2228 Page 99 (Confidential Document) Measures taken by the Superintendent-General of the Metropolitan Police Board during the Theoretical Manoeuvres for Total War No. 1. Superintendent-General of the ~ ' - Metropolitan Dolice Board FUKtTDA Hageshi. 178 Fourth Period (10 September 1941) On inquiring of the Foreign Minister on the leakage of the negotiations between N and A a reply was received to the effect that the contents of the negotiations were to be kept a national secret. Therefore, the offender was immediately arrested under Article 6 of the National Defence and Peace Preservation Law. Furthermore, in view of this incident, we submitted to the President of the Information Board and to the Cabinet our opinion that further care should be exercised in future in keeping national secrets. pp. 178-180 Eighth Period (26 Jan. 1942). The following measures were taken when A planes raided the Metropolis early on the morning of 25 Jan. 1942. No. I. Previous measures. 1. Established the air-defense headquarters of Tokyo prefecture in the Metropolitan Police Board. 2. Concentrated guards at important points and maintained mobility of patrol. 3. Dlaced in the central areas motor punps.sent as reinforcement from outside districts. 4. Set up patrolling areas. 5. Detailed guards to take post ueon the issuance of an air-raid alert signal. No. II Subsequent measures. 1. Fire-fighting. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 100 By mobilizing every organ for fire-fighting under our jurisdiction, we were able to limit the area destroyed by fire to 3,450,000 souare metres, involving 32,000 houses destroyed, and 137,000 victims. 2. Emergency refuge. Victims were taken to and sheltered at Hibiya, Shiba, Korakuen and Ueno Parks. 3. Treatment cf the victims. (a) Of the 137,000 victims, 70,000 ware cared for at relatives or friends' homes in Tokyo city, while the remainder were accommodated in elementary school buildings within the city. (b) Those who had no relatives in Tokyo city were sooner or later sent to the country districts. (c) Appropriate measures were taken to publicize the safety cf the victims. 4. Patrol. (a) Set up interception lines and established inspection posts. (b) Enforced various traffic restrictions. (c) Controlled rumors and intelligence. 5o Restoration operations. (a) Cleared up areas destroyed by fire, disposed, of unexploded shells and repaired damaged places, (b) No rebuilding was done in the areas destroyed by fire. 6. Relief work. (a) Accommodated the sick and the wounded at medical relief stations and hospitals. (b) Prevented the spread of bad influenza. 7. Distribution of food and charcoal. Special distribution cf food and charcoal was made to the victims with the assistance of the Agriculture and DOC. NO. 2228 Page 101 p. 181 Outline of the Progress of the Theoretical Manoeuvres for Total War No. I. Welfare Minister pp. 182-184 2nd Period. In accordance with the labour mobilization policy the following plans were adopted and put into effect. No. I. Adjustment of the demand and supply of ordinary workers and technicians. 1. Distribution /of workers/ with emphasis on the importance of munitions /production/. 2. Setting up of "everybody working" system (organization of Labour Service Units based on the opera- tion of the General Mobilization Law). 3. Control cf the employment of the new graduates of elementary schools and middle schools. 4. Expansion of national registration system. 5» Restriction on the employment of new workers in not-urgent fields. 6. Measures for the change of occupations by persons engaged in small and middle scale industries, (establish- ment of a plan for the redistribution of labour) 7. Measures for farm labour. 8. PI an for the large-scale immigration of Koreans. 9. Strengthening of the structure for requisitioning people. 10. Housing measures in connection with the redistri- bution of labour. 11. Plan for the distribution cf the graduates of technical schools. 12. Improvement and expansion of institutions for the training of technicians. 13. Expansion cf the system for training skilled workers. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 102 14. Plan for the redistribution of technicians and skilled workers. No. II. Measures for securing, replenishing and promoting the efficiency of labour. 1. Intensification of the industrial service movement. 2. Rectification of the employment of workers, wages, working hours, and other terms of employment. 3. Renovation of the organization of the workshop and other measures for promoting efficiency. 4. Restriction of the retirement of employees. 5. Setting up of a commendation system for workers. 6. Measures for the physical improvement, instruction, and training of workers. 7. Ensuring the distribution of necessities of life and working implements for the workers. p. 184 3rd Period. (Early and middle parts of August) In order to cope with the shortage of 300,000 labourers consequent upon the mobilizations since the early part of July, we adopted the following measures: Of the 300,000 men needed, 100,000 were obtained by ordinary advertisement, .100,000 bv conscripting youth from among those registered under the National Occupational capacity Report Ordinance, and the remaining 100,000 (of rrhich 30,000 were experienced workers having one or more years' experience in the same occupation) from among the skilled workers registered under the National Occupation: Report Ordinance. pp. 184-187 4th Period. (First and middle parts of Sept.) No. I. In order to cope with the growing seriousness of the problem of unemployment of persons engaged in the middle and small-scale business as the result of the revisior of the commodity mobilization plan, the following measures were decided upon in the Cabinet Council. Measures for the change of occupation or unemployment of persons engated in middle or small-scale trade and industries. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 103 1. Persons engated in middle or small-scale trade and industries who have to change their occupations or go out of work should be assigned to urgent work as much as possible from the view point of the reorganization of labour. Accordingly, the following measures should be taken: (1) To guide those who have to change their occupa- tions in such a way as not to make them feel that they are stragglers of society, but to instil in them the resolution to work willingly in any line of work, consider- ing it an honour to be assigned and mobilized in works urgently demanded under the present situation in accordance with the requirements of the national policy. (2) To expand the National Labour Training Institute. (3) To foster the activities of the National Occupa- tional Guidance Institute and to place into employment on a preferential basis those forced to change their occupations. (4) To instruct employers tc moderate their terms for hiring workers and for preference select those who have changed their occupations or are out of work. (5) To grant family allowances for a certain period of time until work is found for those unemployed who immediately fall into difficulties in making a living. (6) To provide measures for supplying funds to those forced to change their occupations, who are in need of money for preparation. (7) To urge the persons involved to take mutual aid measures on their own initiative. (8) To assist and urge those middle and small-class tradesmen and manufacturers who are carrying on a half closed business to take on another occupation. 2. To have prefectural, city, town and village offices and social work organizations establish or expand in- dustrial training or institutes and side-work associations and provide them with some way of making a living. No. II. ,;rith respect to the great shortage of workers especially transportation, commercial, and domestic workers nothing was done to supply new workers for commercial and household work, since labour supply was scarce, but with respect to the shortage of transportation workers, n - n/Mvy* .frv ©tieon?"®ped the National Occupational DOC. NO. 2228 Page 104 ITo. III. The following measures were taken tc nodal the labour shortage in the farming districts, especially during the autumn harvest season, as a result of the natural drift of farm workers into factories and other fields: (1) To pursuade factories, shops and working places to let the workers go back to the farms during the harvest season. (2) To a remote- the activities of the labour service units based on the National Mobilization Law. and make people living in the cities near farming districts who are not working in urgent business participate in food pro- duction . (3) To tighten up the restriction on fresh employment in non-urgent branches of industry. pp. 188-189 5th Period. (First and middle parts of October). No. I As production in the industry related to foreign trade was severely affected and many large factories and shops were closed down, the Welfare Ministry decided to encourage the National Occupational Guidance Institutes and to take necessary measures in order to divert from the standpoint of labour reorganization those workers who had to be discharged from the industries related to foreign trade into those branches of industry which are important from the standpoint of national policy. Nc. II. In order tc cope with the growing difficulty in bring in Korean labourers ov/ing to the scarcity cf food, etc., the following measures were decided by the Cabinet Council. (1) In order to strengthen the structure for labour mobilization for supplying the labour requirements of Japan proper with the labour resources, the hiring of general labourers shall be controlled, the active use cf labour service units fostered, the national labour guidance institutes expanded and ether measures adopted. (2) In order to foster the immigration of Korean labourers the extra distribution of cereals to Korean labourers shall be considered and the capacity of trans- porting Korean labourers shall be increased. Nc. III. Regarding the scarcity of agricultural labourers, the measures adopted in the previous period shall be further strengthened. DOC. NO. 2228 Page 105 No. IV. In response to the demand of Blue Country's Supreme Connand Headquarters te the government that the concentration cf the nation's total strength be further intensified, the regulations for the assignment of labour in the urgently necessary branches of industry and other matters pertaining to labour were decided in the Cabinet Council, thereby intensifying the labour mobilization structure. pp. 189-190 6th Period. (Early and middle parts of November.) It was decided to adopt the fallowing measures in order to cope with the complications of internal labour, especially the scarcity of technicians in every industry. 1. Pie-examination of the plan for labour distribution in urgently necessary industries. 2. Thorough enforcement of the measures for the prevention of the movement of workers. 3. Thorough enforcement of wage regulations. 4. Tigktening up of the regulations for hiring workers. 5. Redistribution of technicians by compulsory technical training institutions. p.190 7th Period. (Early part of December) In order to cope with the shortage of labour, it was decided to reinforce the previous measures and at the same time to strengthen especially the measures for the mobilization of students through labour service units, and the complete mobilization of women workers. pp. 190-191 8th Period (January, 1942) In cooperation with the Heme Ministry the T"relfare Ministry took necessary measures for the relief of the sick and wounded on the occasion of the air-raid against the Metropolis of N by A's planes. I Dcc• No. 2228-L. Page 1 C E R T I F I C A T E W.D.C. No. I.P.S. No. 2220 I.. S t a t e g g 1 . c 9 a n d 1 hent i c i ty I, Tono i'ato;̂ ho-">rhv certify trat I an officia connected Japanese Go^errment in the foilo\j capacity: (^Secretary of the Cabinct\nd that as sue official I î r've o'uetady of'-tTe Toctgnent hereto attached consisting of 191 page-;, dated _ , 19,.,.end described as follows? P.e:<.oj?ds of the ri-onpess of Table Ton 1 aneuvcrs. for Total Ylar Wo", 3 o ~ T fuacrer coitify that the "attached rccord and doVaineiit is ail offdociment of tYk Japanese Government, and that" Iz is part of t^e official archives and fll&s c.:f~ThT~TCllOwihg named ministry or department (specifying also TTe TTT7""rmr."hPr Or pif.fft.ion| if any, or any other official designation of the f^gnTar location of the document in the archives or files): Cabinet Secretariat. Signed at Tokyo on this 12 day of Oct,7 1946. Witness: /s/ T, Satow Signature of Official Secretarv of Cabinet Official Capacity SEAL Statement of Official Procurement 1» John Curtis, hereby certify that I am associated with the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and that the above certification was obtained by me from the above signed official of the Japanese Government in t^c conduct of my official businessc Signed at Tokyo on this 11 d?y of Octe, 1946 /s/ J. /-o Curtis, 2d Lt, NAME Witness: /s/ Douglas L, V/rldcrf 1st Lt., Inf» Chief, Inv. Div., IPS Investigator Official Capacity
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Records of the progress of theoretical maneuvers for total war (Doc. 2228)
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