AtoM
David Conde fonds
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Trial transcripts
Conde, David W.
application/pdf
T I 7/ Thursday, 31 October, 194-6 INTERNATIONAL MilITARY TRIBUNAL FOR THE FAR EAST Chambers of the President War Ministry Building Tokyo, Japan PROCEEDINGS IN CHAMBERS On Paper No. 501 - Application to withdraw and strike from the files Applications, to wit: Paper No. 299 and Paper No. 253* Paper No. 299 - Application of the Prosecution under Rule 6(b)(1) of the Rules of Procedure of the IMTFE. Paper No. 253 - Application of the Prosecution to file and serve excerpts instead of the entire document. HON. SIR WILLIAM WEBB, President of the Tribunal and Member from the Commonwealth of Australia. Reported by: Daphne Spratt Official Court Reporte. IMTFE Appearances: FOR THE PROSECUTION SECTION; MR. SOUS HORWITZ FOR THE DEFENSE SECTION: MR. WILLIAM LOGAN, JR., Counsel for the Accused KIDO, Koichi MR. GEORGE F. BLEWETT, Counsel for the Accused TOJO, Hideki MR. BEN BRUCE BLAKENEY, Counsel for the Accured UMEZU, Yoshijiro FOR THE OFFICE OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY, IMTFE EDWARD H. DELL, Judge, Legal Adviser to the Secretariat MR. CHARLES A. MANTZ, Clerk of the Court The proceeding was begun at 0900. THE PRESIDENT: This is an application by the prosecution to withdraw applications under Rule 6 b(l). The application is granted. CLERK OF THE COURT: Pardon me. These are the two papers that ask to withdraw. One, 299, bas been considered by the Tribunal and is pending; 253, the other, was in Chambers and was continued until counsel would signify their desires relative thereto. THE PRESIDENT: Yes. CLERK OF THE COURT: Now, this is a motion to withdraw both of them from it and strike from the files. THE PRESIDENT: The application is granted. Is that all there is? CLERK OF THE COURT: That is all there is, sir. THE PRESIDENT: I thought there was something to do. CLERK OF THE COURT: No objections then, Mr. Logan? MR. LOGAN: No objection. CLERK OF THE COURT: It is finished. Thank 5 4 you. Inasmuch as it had been considered by the Tribunal, I felt it officially had to have action. (Whereupon, at 0903, the proceeding was concluded.) NOTE: The attached pages were omitted in the record of Proceedings for 31 OCTOBER, 19*6 and should he inserted. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: It is now desired to tender for identification only IPS document No. 794-. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 794- will receive exhibit No. 909 for identifica- tion only. ('Whereupon, the document above re- ferred to was marked prosecution's exteixit'-No. 909 for identification.) BhIGADIER QUILLIAM: I now offer in evidence IPS document No, 794A, being an excerpt from IPS document No. 794. By an order made by the Tribunal on 4th October (Paper No. 453) compliance with Rule 6 (b) (1) of the Tribunal's Rules of Procedure was dispensed with. IPS document No. 794A is a record of a meeting of the Privy Council held on 20th January 1937 at which a decision was made to enable Naval Officers to be appointed as Administrators of the South Sea Islands for the purpose, it is submitted, of the furtherance of the plans for fortifying the Mandated Islands. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 794A will receive exhibit No. 909-A. (Whereupon, the document above re- ferred to was marked prosecution's exhibit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 No. 909 A and roooivod in evidence) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: May it please the Tribunal, it is not proposed to read the first two pages which contain the names of those present at the meeting, but it should be pointed out that the fol- lowing defendants attended: HIRANUM, President of the Privy Council? HIROTA, who was then Prime Minister: NAGANO, who was then Navy Minister. I will read pages 3 and 4 of the document. "The President (HIKANUMA): Next we shall in- troduce the bill regarding the special appointment of administrative officials of the South Seas Govern- ment. The first reading shall be held immediately and omitting the recitation of the bill we shall have the investigation report. "Reporter (MURAKAMI): 'Upon investigating this bill prudently, we find that the South Seas Government, in conformity with a fixed plan covering several years, is executing various measures concerning the expansion of coloniza- tion, promotion of industries and good organization of communications for the purpose of developing the South Sea Archipelagoes that are under its jurisdic- tion. In view of the fact that the South Sea Archipelagoes have come to hold 'an important position A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,158 at this time in the national defense of the Empire in the light of the recent international situation, and because there are many installations concerned with the nevigation routes, harbours, roads, aviation and communications of the said archipelagoes, which will require a special consideration of the archipelagoes, convenience and military circumstances of our Navy, it is necessary to provide a way to enable the special appointment of naval officers as the administrative officials who are to be in charge of the transportation and communication affairs in the said government. ii In order to establish a way for making such special appointments we wish to provide through the Imperial Ordinance concerning this bill that the administrative officials of the South Seas Government who will be engaged in the communication and cor- respondence affairs, may be appointed after being selected by the Higher Civil Service Examination Com- mittee from among those who are well versed in the affairs of the South Seas and who possess the nec- essary knowledge and experience for the duty thereof. And in appointing the naval officers in active ser- vice as administ: ative officers in the South Seas Government in accordance with this provision, a special 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,158-: rule will be established through the Imperial Ordinance concerning this bill in order to prevent them from being subjected to the restriction of rank of senior civil officials and be lowered in their official ranks. The rule will provide that in case of appointing a higher official on duty for the administrative office of the South Seas Government in accordance with the aforementioned rule of appoint- ment, his rank will be made an exception in accordance with the Senior Civil Service Official Transfer Rule. That is, if a captain in the Navy, he may be immediatelyI appointed as the administrative official of the South Seas Government with the 3rd rank of the higher civil service. However, in case the person who is appointed as above later becomes a high official in another capacity, it is natural that he becomes a subject to the restriction on official ranks fixed by Imperial Ordinance No. 285 of the 36th year of Meiji (1903), and, therefore, we wish to stipulate in the ordinance concerning this bill that he be regarded as the Special Civil Official mentioned in the said Imperial Ordinance, and thereby make the above ordinance ap- I plicable to him. "The point is that this bill, because of special necessity, chiefly aims to set a rule of special 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , r e - appointment for those of the staff who are high officials who will have to be put in charge of spe- cial business in the South Seas Government, and at the same time it also prpposes to lay down adequate rules regarding their official rank, which I deem is an unavoidable measure, and therefore I think it is proper to pass it as it is." 31 OCTOBER 1946 I N D E X Of WITNESSES (none) I N D E X Of EXHIBITS Doc. Pros. Def. For In No. No. No. Description Ident. Evidence 1555- 879 "Tokyo Gazette" Vol. V No. 8 I dated February 1942 re The 78th Session of the Imperial D:*et (Ministerial Addresses of 16 December 1941) Address by the Prime Minister, General Hideki TOJO 9073 1555- 879-A Excerpts therefrom 9073 I-A 2 521 880 "The Total Strength of the Japanese Army" 9074 1756- 881 Excertrt from "Japan Year Book H 1941-42" Chapter XLIII "South Sea Islands Under Japan's Mandate - Geo- graphical Features" 9077 882 Copies of a map prepared and issued by the American Army Map Service showing Mandated Islands of Japan and their situation \vith respect to other countries 9079 I N D E X Of EXHIBITS (cont'd) Doc. No. Pros. Def. No. No. * or Description Ident. in Evidence 6022 883 Deposition of Manuel Blanco 9089 6024 884 ditto MAKOTO Wakamatsu 9091 6019 885 ditto Ignacio Benavente 9092 6020 886 ditto Elias P. Sablan 9093 6023 887 ditto Mariano Psngelinan 9094 6025 888 ditto Antonio Angailen 9095 6026 889 ditto Juan H. Ada 9096 6021 890 ditto Concepcion Blanco 9097 6017 891 ditto Vincent de leon Guerrero 9098 6027 892 ditto Francisco de Borje 9101 6018 893 ditto Jose S. Pangelinan 9102 6013 894 ditto Alfred Milo 9109 6001 895 ditto Joseh Uerblau 9112 6002 896 ditto Aukst Riumd 9115 6012 897 ditto Ichiro Moses 9121 6012 898 ditto Sona Monukit 9126 6014 899 ditto Alter Era 9128 6016 900 ditto Michuo Nachuo 9129 6030 901 ditto Ferdinand Z. Emiz 9132 Doc. No. 6032 6031 6029 6010 6011 6028 2378- A Pros. No. 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 Def. No. 909 1124 910 1124- 910-A A ' » 9. 891 911: I N D E X Of EXHIBITS (cont'd) Description Deposition of Abisa For Ident. ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Lanen Ajidrik Johaniz Abream Lajina FIl* o-f correspondence obtained from"the Office at Honolulu Betwem the Head Office of NYK and its various branches In Evidence 9134 9135 9136 9137 9138 9139 9140 891- 911-A A A Book entitled "Minutes of the Committee Meetings for the year 1930, Secretariat of the Privy Council" Excerpt therefrom A Book entitled "A Record of the Privv Council Concerning the Ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930" dated 1 October 1930 Excerpt therefrom 9160 9160 9168 9168 9,007 Thursday, 31 October, 1946 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 | 13 j 14 • 15 ; 16 I 17 j 18 | 1 9 i 20 I 21 j 22 I 23 24 25 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL FOR THE FAR EAST Court House of the Tribunal War Ministry Building Tokyo, Japan The Tribunal met, pursuant to adjournment, at 0930. Appearances: For the Tribunal, same as before, with the exception of the HONORABLE R. B. PAL, Member from India, not sitting. For the Prosecution Section, same as before, For the Defense Section, same as before. (English to Japanese and Japanese to English interpretation was made by the Language Section, IMTFE.) 9 ,008 G 1 0 1 2 d b 3 e & S P r a t t 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MARSHAL OF TLE COURT; The International Military Tribunal for the Far East is now in session. THE PRESIDENT: All the accused are present except OKAFA and HIRANUMA, who are represented by their respective counsel. We have a certificate from the medical superintendent of Sugamo Prison to the effect that HIRANUMA is ill and unable to attend the trial today. The certificate is recorded and will be filed. Mr. Logan. MR. LOGAN: If the Tribunal please, in addition to the arguments submitted yesterday, I wish to point out further that there is contained within this document 1628 summaries of statements made by a prisoner, and the translation service even goes so far as to evaluate the information which the prisoner gave. On page 1 of the document there is contained a summary and conclusions, and also on page 51, your Honors will note right in the inception of that page, under the heading of "Conclusions," a statement to this effect: "The Imperial Japanese Government had positively committed itself to the waging of war against the United States of America, Great Britain, and the Netherlands by the end of October, 1941." 9,009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 That conclusion is based purely on certain information contained in the document, and it is a decision on an issue which is seriously and vigorously contested by these defendants. v'hile the introduction of this document may be a convenient method for the prosecution to prove its case, we do not believe that convenience should be considered in a case of this type, and we strongly urge the Tribunal to reject this report, particularly on the ground that it is issued by the reviewing authority in this case. THE PRESIDENT; Fell, the Tribunal will not regard this report as providing a short cut for its verdicts, We will not accept any conclusions in that report except in so far as they are conclusions on matters requiring expert knowledge and are given by experts. We understand that in no part of the report is there any attempt to decide any issue. However, I will ask my colleagues whether they think it should be admitted. I have not discussed it with them individually yet. The position is summed up in a note I have received from a colleague. We will admit it for its factual contents, and not for its comments or conclusions,which will be ignored. MR. ENGLISH: Will the Clerk assign an 9 , 0 1 0 exhibit number to this document? THE PRESIDENT; It has been admitted already. MR. ENGLISHs The exhibit number is 809. CLERK OF 1HE COURT; 809. MR. ENGLISH; 1 will commence reading from page 1, Section 1. "CHRONOLOGY OF JAPANESE MILITARY PREPARATIONS, JANUARY 1941 — 8 DECEMBER 1Q41. "1. INTRODUCTION. "a. General,, "Japanese preparations for the ''War for Greater East Asia3 fdr antedate the actual outbreak of hostilities on 8 December 1941. Available : references — J MR. LOGAN: In accordance with your Honor's ruling just now, I submit that is a conclusion. THE PRESIDENT? I think to present the position intelligibly, it may be necessary even to touch upon conclusions, assuming it be one -- I am not quite sure. El:' the Tribunal, of course, will disregard anything in the nature of conclusions. Wedged in among the conclusions there may be, of course, statements of fact which we would admit. I think you had better proceed as you in- tended, Mr. English. 9 ,011 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MR. ENGLISH (Reading continued); "Available references documenting these preparations are as yet fragmentary, especially in respect to specialised training operations in tropical warfare reputed to have taken place throughout the summer and fall of 1941. As the date of the opening of hostilities is approached, however, pertinent references grow more plentiful, until for the month of November 1941 it is possible to piece together a fairly comprehensive picture of Japanese military preparations. The main aspects of these preparations which have been es- tablished to date (1 January 1945) are as follows:" I will turn to page 3, paragraph b. "b. Organization of Material. "The evidence upon which the foregoing summary is based is set forth in full in the follow- ing paragraphs. References have been arranged chronologically in accordance with the date of the most significant entry contained in the diary or other captured document under examination. "In order further to clarify the sequence of Japanese military preparations, a table setting forth a day by day breakdown of significant activities for the period 10 October — 7 December, 1941 has been included as Appendix A." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 « 24 25 9,012 I will turn to page 12, paragraph 6. "10 OCTOBER 1941 "a. Preparation for Landing Operations A 'Report on Conditions' issued by Lieu- tenant-Colonel RYITTO, Commanding Officer of 42 Anchorage Group, dated 15" June 1942, states that: "'Record of General Situation since Mobi- lization. "'The mobilization order was issued on 12 September 1941. Organization from the Hiroshima Western District No 2 Force was completed by 17 September. We left UJINA on 29 September, sailing to OSAKA where 40 Sea Duty Company was attached to us. We left OSAKA on 1 October and reached our destination at PALAU on 10 October where we estab- lished an anchorage headquarters. Then we made preparations for the landing operations which were to accompany the War for Greater East Asia.' "12 OCTOBER 1941 "a. Preparation for Malayan Operation "Personal history register of Leading Private KA5HIN0, Hisrzo of 41 Infantry Regiment contains the following entries: '<•10 October 1941 - Left NINGPO "'11 October - Landed at SHANGHAI 9,013 '"12 October to 14 November - Prepared for MALAYAN operations-"in the vicinity of SHANGHAI. M'22 November - Left WOCSUNG, SHANGHAI, 8 December - Landed at SINGORA, THAILAND.1 "4 NOVEMBER 1941 Preparation for J-ungle Warfare "Diary belonging to unknown member of 41 Infantry Regiment contains the entries quoted below. 41 Infantry Regiment participated in the attack on MALAYA, which was mounted from the port of SAMA on HAINAN Island. "'12 October 1941 - Reached WOOSUNG Pier and returned to KIANCWAU Barracks. it»23 October - CKABE Force was assembled and heard an address from a newly appointed brigade commander, Mr jor General KAWAMURA, Saburo. There will be a generrl inspection of the three battalions to- morrow. "'4 November - Jungle combat training for expected type warfare. "'13 November - Received rations and other necessary items for tropical combat (medicines and clothing, etc). "'20 November - Anchored off-shore HAIKOW on HAINAN Island 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,014 »' 2 December - Weighed anchor rnd sailed again for SAMA. "'15 December - Assisted by our guns rnd tanks, our unit was the first to enter GUBUN Street. Captain OMORI, First Lieutenant NIKKI ^nd Second Lieutenant TAKAHASKI were killed. First Lieutenant OKANO and Y/v^AGIZAWA were wounded.'1 "10 NOVEMBER 1941 "It is stated on the cover of the below- emoted pamphlet entitled, 'Just Read T.iis rnd the War is v'on' , that a copy is to be issued to erch Japanese soldier before he embarks for overseas. The frontispiece consists of a map of SOUTH CHINA, FRENCH INDO-CHINA, THAILAND, BURMA, the FEDERATED MALAY States, the NETHLRLAND EAST INDIES, and r snail section of the Northwest Australian Coast. The date of publication of the pamphlet is not definitely known. A captured copy, however, is stamped by 55 Division Infmtry Group as having been received on 10 November 1941 (Elements of 55 Division figured prominently in the attack on GUAM rnd in the BURMA Campaign during December 1941.). Furthermore, its length rnd the nature of the con- tents are such as to indicate original preparation as a date considerably prior to this. Pertinent 9,015 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 sections of this pamphlet are reproduced below: "'What sort of place is the southern field of operations? '"(1) It is the treasury of the Orient which has been invaded by the white men of ENGLAND, AMERICA, FRANCE and HOLLAND. 111 (2) One hundred million Orientals are- being oppressed by three hunred thousand white men. "'It amounts to this - these whites possess scores of Oriental slaves from the moment they are- born. Is this the intention of God? '"(3) It is a source of world supply of oil, .rubber, tin, etc. "'Rubber and tin are essential for military supplies and for these valuable resources the southern countries are the most plentiful in the East. The malevolence of ENGLAND and AMERICA, who have prevented JAPAN'S purchasing these materials by just means, is one of the reasons which necessitates the present military operations. "'It is quite clear that the NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES and FRENCH INDO-CHINA cannot oppose JAPAN alone, but with the support and threats of ENGLAND m d AMERICA they are showing hostility to JAPAN. The lack of oil and iron is JAPAN'S weak \ 9 ,016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 « 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 point, but lack of rubber, tin mc!. tungsten is the weakest point of AMERICA. AMERICA1s chief sources of supply of these is froro. the SOUTH SEAS and Southern CHINA. If these could be stopped, it not only would enable JAPAN to obtain the much- wanted oil rnd tin but it would stick a knife Into AMERICA'S sorest spot. The essence of AMERICA's opposition to JAP; N's southward advance lies here. "'(4) It is a land of perpetual summer. "'Bananas and pineapples arc- plentiful all the year round5 at the same time troublesome malaria-mosquitoes are everywhere. In the JAVA and SINGAPORE Areas motor rords have been developed everywhere, but there are many uncivilized places, jungles and swamps where neither man nor animrls pass. "'Why must we fight and how must we fight? "'(1) By the Imperial Will for the peace of the Orient. "'The MEIJI Restoration saved JAPAN from invasion by foreign powers. The SHOWA Restoration, by complying with the Imperial Will for the peace of the Orient, must rescue Asiatics from disputes amongth themselves and the invasion of the white race and return ASIA to the Asiatic^. Peace in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 0 1 7 ASIA will ensue end this will "be followed by peace in the world being firmly established. '"JAPAN is given a great mission to save MANCHURIA from the design of SOVIET RUSSIA, free CHINA from exploitation by the ENGLISH and AMERICANS, and then aid the independence of THAILAND, ANNAM m d the PHILIPPINES, thus to bring about the happiness of the natives of the SOUTH SEAS and INDIA. This is the spirit of equality and brotherhood. "5(2) While destroying the enemy show comnassion towards those without crime. '"Understanding this war as one between races, we must enforce our just demands on the Europeans, excluding Germans and Italians, without extenuation. '"(3) Is the enemy stronger than the Chinese Army? 9,018 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Co.-paring the enemy with the Chinese Army, since the officers are Europeans and noncommissioned officers for the greater part natives, the spiritual unity throughout the army is zero. It must be borne in mind that the number of airplanes, tanks and guns are far superior to those of the Chinese Army. How- ever, not only are these of old types but their users are weak soldiers so they are not of much use. Con- sequently night attack is what the enemy fears most. n(4) We must be prepared for the war to be a prolonged affair and proceed with every prepara- tion for a drawn out conflict. "What course will the war follow? "Long voyr 'e followed by landing operations, "/ll fields of operations are in the SOUTH SEAS over a thousand miles from FORMOSA. Some places take a week to ten days to reach. This wide sea is crossed by convoys of several hundred warships and merchantmen. Looking back, our ancestors conquered this rough sea and carried on trade and fought with wooden sailing ships hundreds of years a?o. After sev- eral days journey in the confines of shipboard, enemy resistance on the shores must be overcome and landings enforced. " What to do aboard ship: M 9 ,019 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "The most important thing in landing op- erations is the main enance of secrecy. If the enemy- gets to kr.ow in advance where we plan to land, it will be very difficult. "There are many instances where a simple thing written in a letter has been the cause of the defeat of a whole army, or where a word dropped over a glass of wine in a cafe just before departure has been the cause of secrets coming to the ears of spies. " Remember how the 4? RONIN kept their secret through such trials until they had avenged their Lord; encourage one another to do likewise. " There is a timely story of a soldier at- tached to a certain un.it, who, landed in Southern CHINA during the present Incident, wrote a letter and dropped it in the sea, sealed in a bottle. The letter was carried by the tide to the coast of KOREA. Supposing the letter had reached VLADIVOSTOK—what would have been the consequence? Often a clue is caught by aircraft and submarines which are at sea to find out the movements of our transport ships. Care must be observed in the disposal of dirt and rubbish. " Battle: " (1) Squalls, mist and night are over all. " Europeans are dandies, and delicate and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,020 cowardly. Therefore, rain, mist and night attacks are the things they detest most. They consider nir-ht suitable only for dances but not for fighting—we must take advantage of this. " (2) Unlike the Chinese soldiers, our pres- ent enemy may use gas. If you cast aside your gas mask because of the torment of wearing it in the heat, the consequence may be serious. " Vction in particular zones: " Action in swamps and. paddy-fields: " FRENCH INDO-CHINA and THAILAND are, next to JAPAN, the chief rice-producing countries, and there are paddy-fields everywhere and large swamps here and there, '̂ hen passing through these places, each soldier must use snow shoes (made of straw and sticks). 11 The present war is a war with JAPAN'S rise or fall at stake. What is at the bottom of AtERICA's action of gradually prohibiting the export of oil and iron to JAPAN, as if to strangle her slow- ly by 1 silk-wool1? If they stopped the export at once, JAPAN, in her desperation, might march into the south. If the export of the rubber and. tin of the south are checked by JAPAN, AMERICA'S own suffer- ings will be far greater than those of JA"AN, who is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 0 2 1 harrassed for want of oil and ore. It has been the policy of AMERICA up to now not to anger JAPAN, though weakening her. " JAPAN has waited too long—if JAPAN is patient any longer our aircraft, warships and motor cars will not move. Five years have passed since the beginning of the CHINA Incident. Over 1,000,000 com- rades have exposed their bones on the continent. * The arms of CHIANG KAI-SHEK, who kiUed these comrades, were sold, mostly by ENGLAND and AFRICA. Both ENGLAND and AMERICA are prejudiced against the solidarity of the Oriental races as something that stands in the way <>f their making the Orient their permanent colo- nies and are concentrating every effort on letting JAPAN and C^IFA fight. Our allies, GERMANY and ITALY, are continuing a battle of death in EUROPE apainst EFGLAND, A!ERICA and SOVIET-RUSSIA. AMERICA is al- ready assisting ENGLAND and is essentially particip- ating in the war. For the existence of JAPAN herself and her obligation to the three-country alliance, not a minute longer must be endured. JAPAN is confronted with a great mission, bravely to put the last finish- ing blow as representatives of the Oriental race to their invasion of several hundred vears. Our incom- parable Navy is in full readiness and is infallible:" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,022 5, 5, 3 is the ratio in figures but if spirit is added, it is 5? 59 7. Moreover, half of the British Navy has been smashed by GERMANY. For the Navy, now is the best time. The Chungking Government's umbili- cal cord is joined to ENGLAND and AMERICA. Unless this cord is severed soon, the JAPAN-CHINA Incident will nev- er be permanently settled. The total settlement of the holy war is the present war. The spirits of over a hun- dred thousand warriors are guarding us. The mass for the dead comrades is to win this war. "Whilst showinr our heartfelt thanks to the Navy, who, conquering thousands of miles of sea and re- moving enemy interception, are protecting us without sleep and rest, we must fully repay them for their trou- ble wit is good war results, ^c are privileged with an important and honourable mission to stand as represent- atives of the Asiatic race and to reverse the history of the world, succeeding our glorious history of 2,^00 years and for the trust and reliance in us of His Maj- esty the Emperor. Both rank and file with one mind must exhibit the real value of JAPAN'S sons at the ful1- dress display watched by the whole world. The comple- tion of the SHOWA Restoration to free ASIA in realiz- ation of the Imperial Will, which is for peace in the East rests on our shoulders.1" E 1 d e 2 r 3 & 4 A b 5 r r. 6 m 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,023 I will rerd paragraph 10 below: "10. 15 NOVEMBER 1941 "The prmphlet entitled 'Message to War- riors in the South Seas', was issued on 15 November 1941 above the signature of Major General HORII, Tomitaro, Commander of the South Seas Detachment which comprised the main force in the attack on GUAM. A complete translation of the document is set forth below. The blank boxes in the text occur in the original document. In some captured copies of this pamphlet, the possessors have written in the ideographs for AMERICA, GREAT BRITAIN and the NETHERLANDS. "'RESTRICTED "'A Guide for Warriors in The South Seas "'Headquarters of the South Seas Detachment 15 November 1941, HORII Force, Staff - Educational Pamphlet No. 1 Instructions regarding the attached: 'Message for Warriors in the South Seas'" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, "To all units and militarized civilian per- sonnel under my command: "Ihis pamphlet, together with the previously distributed 'Collection of Imperial Rescripts,' to which are annexed: 'Field Service Instructions' and 'Just Read This and the War is Won,1 is to be used as material for the practical strengthening of morale in the field. "15 November 1941. HORII, Tomitaro, Commanding General, South Seas Detachment. "Instructions given to the officers, men and , civilian employees under His Majesty the Emperor and und7r my command, on the occasion of the formation of the South Seas Detachment and their departure for operations: "In obedience to the orders of'His Imperial Majesty, I now takeecommand of your honored unit as an independent force, and am about to undertake a vital duty. I cannot repress my deep emotion, and I feel keenly the gravity of my responsibility. 111 am convinced that the world situation sur- rounding EAST ASIA faces an unprecedented crisis, and the fate of the Empire hangs in the balance. I be- lieve that all of you, habitually bearing in mind the Imperial Edicts, have obeyed the orders of your 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 superiors, and have striven with all your might: however, at this time when your unit has been newly organized ana is about to take the field you are to stress to yourselves these three great principles with fullest courage:- "The strict observance of military discipline; the strengthening of esprit de corps', and the de- termination to fight to the death for certain victory. Whether you be under the higher commands or under the command of subordinate officers, whether you be of- ficers or militarized civilian personal, true to the spirit of loyalty, you are to have faith in and assist the combined action of the land and sea forces working together as one body; thus you shall do your utmost to utilize the results of your training to display the combined fighting strength of the detach- ment. "You will take care of yourselves, bear in mind my wishes, and upon the opening of hostilities deter- mine to exalt still more the true worth of the de- tachment, swiftly bringing the Holy War to a suc- cessful termination, and thereby carrying out the Sacred Imperial Desire. iiThese are my instructions. "HORII, Tomitaro, Commanding General, South Seas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, Detachment. "Message to Warriors of the South Seas Detachment. 15 November 1941: "The purpose of the forthcoming campaign is to exalt to the world the virtues of His Imperial Majesty, the Marshal Commander-in-Chief, and to complete the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Our great mission is to shatter at one stroke the attempts of (blank, blank, blank, blank, blank) to obstruct the disposal of the CHINA Affair, and the spreading of the Imperial Way far and wide in these territories. For us, the Imperial Forces, it would be inexcusable if, through a chance miscalculation or negligence, the Holy War ceased to be truly a holy war, and the glory of the Imperial Throne were marred. " Officers and men shall, needless to say, bear in mind the mission of the Imperial Forces, and while on active service shall regularly recite the Imperial Rescript issued to the military. The present message to soldiers in the South Seas is now given to the officers, men and militarized civilian personnel of our Detachment, upon whom rests a grave duty, au an exhortation regarding military discipline." I will read the bottom paragraph of the first column, page 17: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "The South Seas Detachment, referred to in Paragraph 10 above, was already organized under the command of Major General HORII, Tomitaro, by 15 November 1941. This specially organized and sig- nificantly named detachment constituted the force which attacked GUAM on 10 December 1941 and later moved on to RABAUL and NEW GUINEA." I will omit paragraph 11. "12. 18 November 1941. "Liary, belonging to Superior Private YAMASHITA of 3 Battalion, 41 Infantry Regiment, contains the following entry: "'18 November 1941 - About 1530 hours left SHANGHAI3 which has so many memories for me, and boarded RYUJO LARU at 1730 hours.....with KIATING as the objective, the brigade has been deployed for maneuvers in order to exploit all the more its success as a mechanized force. We are keenly feeling the pressure of the situation and orders have eventually come. The time has finally come for us to display activity, Are we going to be at war with the three powers A, B, and D1 (Letters are written in English in the original). With a feeling of serious tension, I am awaye that the most gratifying event since the beginning of Japanese history is the fact that we have now set out for the field," 9,028 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "'21 November - Anchored in sight of TAKAO'". I will turn to page 20, paragraph c: "c. Battle Zone GUAM Island. "Diary, presumably belonging to member of 44 Infantry Regiments contains the following entries: "S17 November 1941 - Today we held review and ceremony for leaving for the field participated in by all personnel of the force.,,.. "'21 November - Advance party left in the morning. Unit commander in charge of military flags left about 1300. ":23 November - It rained during the morning and we departed in the rein0 We left from ASAKURA Station at 1950. We arrived at SAKAIDE, about 0500 "124 November - Departed SAKAIDE. MATSUE MARU left harbor at 1810. "'•25 November - We left the INLAND Sea facing east and herded southeast..... "'26 November - Our battle zone will be GUAM Inland ,•>..». In the morning I went on deck and saw transports to the left, right and rear. On rntirir- i craft observation duty. "'28 November - Arrived ft HAHAJIMA about 1650.... "!1 December ~ Held maneuvers during morning. Went on antiaircraft observation duty. About 1500 9,029 ship (Translator's Note:, or 'ships') got under way. Housed at 2200 for landing operations. Housed again at 0100. About 0700 we returned to KAKAJIMA Habor...., December - Gave BANZAI facing toward ASAMIYAZ0 and left the Harbor of HAHAJIMA. At 0930 we proceeded southeast to 'X'. We received an order announcing the declaration of war. We expected to land at 'X' on the 10th....' » 9,030 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MR. ENGLISH; I will turn to page 22, para- graph 18. "18. 29 NOVEMBER 1941 "a. Attack GUAM Island "The SAKIGAWA Forse (2 Company, 55 Transport Regiment) embarked on the CHINA MARU from 22-24 November 1941, at SAKAIDE. On 29 November 1941, aboard the CHINA MARU, First Lieutenant SAKIGAWA issued the following operation order; "'SAKI Operation Order No. 2. SAKIGAWA Force Order 29 November, 1500 hours CHINA MARU > "<1. The detachment will attack GUAM Island (The name 'GUAM' has been inserted in ink. At the time of mimeographing the order, the specific name of the island was left blank.). "'The enemy situation on GUAM is shown on the special sketch (Sketch not attached to document). "'The main strength (presumably of the South Sea Detachment) will capture the coastal base of Port APRA, while a part of the strength seizes AGANA City. « "'2. The main strength (presumably of the 9 ,031 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 SAKIGAVA Force) of the force will land on the "IADA (presumably MATA) Coast Sector, while another part of the force will land in the TOMITA Eay Area. They will accompany the detachment's landing and serve as supply and transport. '"3. 1 Platoon will land at TOMITA Bay and assist the TSUKAMOTO Detachment's landing. '"4. Headquarters and 2 and 3 Platoons will assist the KUSUNOSE Force's landing on the MADA Coast. '"5. Second Lieutenant ITO (plus one non- commissioned officer and. three anlisted men) will land with the second wave and will reconnoiter a landing area for the main strength of the company. "'6. I will land with the third wave, accom- panied by the main strength of the company, and will prepare for our subsequent advance. First Lieutenant SAKIGAWA 1 SAKIGAWA Force"' "b. Meet Enemy at GUAM Island "Diary, owner and unit unknown but presumably a member of the South Seas Detachment, contains the following entries: »' 18 November 1941 - From 1000 hours infantry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 ,032 group held war exercises under Major General HORII, Tomitaro. '"24 November — Left MARTJGAME at O63O hours. Boarded MATSUE MARU at 1530 hours. Sailed at 1800 hours. '"28 November — 1650 hours stopped over at HAHAJIMA Island, OGASAWARA Archipelago. "'29 November — Went ashore for communication. AMERICA has disguised herself till now. We are going to meet the enemy at GUAM Island with ever increasing spirit. "'3 December — Landed HAHAJIMA at 0230 hours to wash clothes. It seems that the Japanese- American talks will finally break down. '"4 December — Worshipped the Imperial Palace at O83O. Gave 3 BANZAISI There was a speech. JAPAN- AMERICA, War I It looks as though the hardships we have borne until now will be rewarded. I We have re- ceived life for SHOWA's reign. Men have no greater love than this. Convoy to sail! 09001 Now, prosper, fatherland I '"4 December — SOUTH HAHAJIMA Island at 1422 hours. The Empire had decided to go to war against AMERICA, BRITAIN and HOLLAND„ The Southern District Army will quickly capture important regions in the PHILIPPINES, BRITISH MALAYA and the DUTCH INDIES after beginning attack on 8 December. "' For this purpose the first Japanese- American air attack will be carried out. The South Seas Detachment will cooperate with 4 Fleet to capture GUAM. If there is no separate order, the landing will take place oh 10 December. "' HORII Operation Order A, No. 17. Each unit will act according to Order A, No. 7 which has already been issued.1" "!8 December, 1100, war declared 1'" "c. Land at TARO Bay "Diary, owner and unit unknown, but presumably a member of the South Seas Detachment, contains the entries set forth below: The entry of 29 November 1941 anticipates a Japanese landing north of TALO- FOF.O Bay on GUAM. The :'ADA or MATA Coast referred to as a landing site for the SAKIGAWA Force in Para- graph 18a above is directly north of TAL0F0F0 Bay. '"22 November 1941 — 0327 hours. Reached SAFAIDE. 1000 hours. Inspection tour of the CHERIBON MARU." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 3034 '"23 November -- 1700 hours. Left SANAIDE. "'27 November — Sighted BONIN Islands. 0800 hours, reached HAHAJIMA Island. "'28 November -- 090C hours. Went to YOKOHAMA MARU for liaison. "'29 November — Training for boarding motor barges during the morning. It has been decided thrt battalion will land on the north side of TARO Bay (TN: presumably TAL0F0F0 Bay on GUAT'T). "'2 December — Anchorage point penetration training from 2000 hours. '"3 December -- Battalion officers to meet on YOKOHAMA MARU from 0900 hours. Training in smoke flare and gas. Conference of company commanders, decided to land at IRIYA Bay. Two first-class cruisers came to the anchorage point to escort us and we feel very safe. "'4 December — The convoy left at 0900 hours. "'6 December — Heard the Japanese news broad- cast in the salon. Our mission is to attack UNITED STATES.»" I will turn to paragraph 19, page 24. "19. 1 DECEMBER 1941 .... a. Firing Plan "Firing plan issued by 48 Field Antiaircraft 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ,035 Battalion, on 1 December at KEELUNG Harbor in FORMOSA specifies that the following precautions will be taken: "'Battalion will cooperate with Keelung Army Air Defense Force against air attacks. All units will protect KEELUNG Anchorage by endeavoring to destroy enemy planes as far as possible outside the a. 1 Cl I * L.' O I * o o e c • • "20. 2 DECEMBER 1941 "a. JAPAN Decides on War "Diary, owner and unit unknown, contains the following entries: "'24 Nov mber 1941 -- Embarked on DAIFUKU MARU (3,523 tons) of N.Y.K. Line at SAKAIDE. "'26 November — Destroyer UZUKI, Is escorting our convoy. '"2 December — Loaded horses at H AHA JI MA. "'4 December — Order of HORII, Tomitaro, South Seas Detachment Commander: "'On 2 December Imperial JAPAN decided on war with GREAT BRITAIN, the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, and HOLLAND. Imperial JAPAN will, on 8 December, carry out its first air-attack against the UNITED STATES. This detachment will, if there is no special order, land on GUAM. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,036 I "b. Land on PHILIPPINE Islands "Diary of NISHIMURA Haruichi, member of 1 Special Naval Landing Party, Y0SHIM0T0 Unit, con- tains the following entries: "'7 November — Conscripted. '"30 November -- Boarded KIRISHIMA MARU at U-JINA. Escorted by Destroyers No. 36 and 37. Head- ed for PALAU. "'2 December -- Heard over radio that American fleet (5 ships) had left harbor. Heard that we are to land on the PHILIPPINE Islands after resting at PALAU. "'5 December — Arrived PALAU. "'6 December -- Enemy submarine sighted 5000 meters away. "'7 December -- Relations between UNITED STATES and JAPAN are getting worse. "'8 December -- War was declared at 8:00 A.M. KATSUDA MARU sunk.1 "21. 3 DECEMBER 1941 "a. Shoot Hostile Planes Down "Extracted from 77 Flying Regiment Operation Order A-12, dated 3 December 1941 at SAMA Airfield, specifies the following precautionary measures: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,037 "'2 Squadron will cooperate with 70 Airfield Company and serve in the air defense of SAMA. Air- planes taking hostile action will "be shot down.,....' "22. 4 DECEMBER 1941 "Diary belonging to HAMANO, Yonekichi, of South Seas Detachment contains the following entries? "'4 October 1941 -- Called to serve in the Litter Company of the Western No. 32 Force for temporary duty at 1300. Later, waited at the Marugame Com- mercial School until 15 November. Moved to the Marugame Middle School. "'22 November -- Embarked at SAFAIDE Harbor at 1300. Weighed anchor at night. "'23 November — Looked as if we dropped anchor and waited in OSAKA Bay. Weighed anchor at night. "•27 November -- Entered CHICHIJIMA, Harbor of the OGASAWARA Archipelago. "'28 November — Left port in the morning and. entered HAHAJIMA the same day. Waited at this port. "'4 December — Left HAHAJIMA with the object - of capturing the American Island of GUAM. This same day our country decided to declare war on ENGLAND," the UNITED STATES, and FRANCE on 8 December. "'10 December — At 0200, our South Seas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Detachment (writing for this moment to bomb) re- ceived orders to make a landing. Bombing started on the 8th.' "File of reoorts, entitled 'THAILAND Opera- tions,' belonging to 77 Flying Regiment, contains the following passage: ""4-7 December 1941 -- Protection of 2<? Army transport convoy and preparation for occupation of THAILAND.' "Diary belonging to MORIKAMI, Shigeo, of HORII Force (presumably the South Sea Detachment), TAKA- MORI Unit, contains the following entries: . . . . "'3 December -- Sailing preparations. "14 December — Will depart for GUAM Island, however, GUAM is called OMIYA SHIMA. "' 5 December — W i n depart at 1000 hours. We are cruising safely. "'6 December — Cruising safely. We will dis- embark in three days. (M8 December 1941 -- Imperial Headquarters. War was declared against ENGLAND and the UNITED STATES at 1230 hours. In the afternoon, I heard from Captain TAKAMORI that HAWAIIAN Islands are being bombed by our air force. The PHILIPPINES and HONG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,.0j KONG are also "being bombed. At 0800 hours of the 8th, our TAKAMORI Unit worshipped the Palace. We will finally begin landing from 1200 hours of the 9th. On the morning of the 8th, some islands could be faintly seen for the first time." I will omit the next diary entry. "Diary belonging to TAKAHASKI, Yaichi of South Sea Detachment, Antiaircraft Unit, TAKAHASHI Platoon contains the following entries: "'14 November 1941 -- We finally received orders to go to the front. On 28 July we had separated from the friendly 73 Force in KOREA and we were reorganized as the 47 Antiaircraft Battalion. On 14 November at 0900, we carried out the last ceremony of farewell on the parade ground. When we were leaving for the front, Commander FUCHIYAMA gave instructions and read written oath addressed to the Imperial Palace. I have no reluctance in giving my life and being killed in action. We went un to the GOKU Shrine to pray for our ultimate victory. We received sacred SAKE from the god. Then we shouted 'BANZAI' three times and dismissed.'" I will omit the next five paragraphs. "'4 December — At 0930 hours, we eventually left the island. We immediately began to rrepare for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 0 combat. Approaching enemy position. We were on board If days, and every day was the same routine. On 11 December at 0100 hours, we came, at last, face to face with enemy positions. We have a mission on GUAM Island. "Diary, belonging to an unspecified member of 41 Infantry Regiment, contains the following entries: "'5 September 1941 - Attached to 1 Company, 41 Infantry Regiment. Instruction by battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel MORITA..... "'20 November - Headed for WOOSUNC, aboard the AEAYAMA MARU, "121 November - Left WOOSUNC for South Seas. "124 November - Reached northernmost tip of HAINAN Island. "f4 December - Left SAMA, Convoy of 2P ships, escorted by the Navy, headed for SINGAFORE.'" I Tdll omit seven paragraphs. "Diary belonging to leading Private MATSUURA, Sagaei of 144 Infantry Regiment contains the follow- ing entries: "'29 September 1941 - Received induction orders. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 " 15 October — Entered service. "'3 October — Completed mobilization. "'22 November -- Embarked. Sailed in the evening. Arrived off OSAKA in the morning. We did not sail during the day. Set sail at night. Headed dc*e south. We sailed southward till the morning of 27tli. When I went up on deck in the morning, I saw a little island. It was one of the BONIN Islands. '"27 November -- Reached CHICHI Island. Departed at 0900 hours the same day. Reached HAHAJIMA Island before noon and anchored. There are not many people living on this island. Ships come here one after another. The bay is filled with large ships. It seems as though there are about seven or eight men-of-war here too. At first there were names on the warships; UZUKI, YUZUKI, and KIKUZUKI etc., but the names were taken off. This transport ship had MI written on the smoke stack but it also has been removed. Horses were unloaded on HAHAJIMA Island. Horses and dogs romped around the hills. Those who had previously been here say that the women arc not beautiful but the speak the TOKYO dialect. We fished to pass the time till the 4th December. In the meantime horses were loaded. I suppose we are again headed for hot places. We 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, had mosquito nets and lunch boxes made for us. •"4 December — Today, we are really going to set out for our destination. We sailed around 10 o'clock. We started in the morning with a warship as escort. It was the KUROGAME. They were practical- ly all carrying airplanes. As soon as we entered this harbor, two airplanes were started as if they had rehearsed going out on reconnaisance. There were many escort ships. As long as the Navy is present, there is nothing to be afraid of. "'6 December — Tomorrow, we are told, GUAM Island will be attacked and occupied. During the voyage all necessary preparation of arms, such as 150 rounds of ammunition, were in readiness. With these we can kill. It is heavy but I feel like taking more. '"10 December — At 0200, we will bid farewell to this boat. We got on this boat on the 21st and started to sail on the morning of the 10th. We lived on it for 20 days. At night we made various prepara- tions for tomorrow's landing. I packed food for 3 meals in my haversack along with 150 rounds of ammu- nition. It is supposed to be packed as light as possible but it is very heavy. We landed on one 9,043 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 portion of the island which was barely visible in the dark. We anticipated enemy fire but did not en- counter any. We landed successfully without incident.'" i 9,044 I will now road the middle of the first column on page 27: "Diary belonging to IMOTO, Gumpei of French Indo-China Expeditionary Forco, 106 Land Duty Company contains the following entries: '"1 November 1941 -- Reached SAIGON at • 0600 hours. '"27 November — Loft SAIGON at about 1400 hours. "'28 November — Enrouto. "'29 November — Enroute. "l30 November — Enroute TAIKAI MARU. "'1 December — Safely arrived in the morning at HAINAN ISLAND. '"2 December — Still anchored at HAINAN. '"3 December — Remained aboard TAIKAI MARU until 1600 hours and transhipped to KASHII MARU. Stayed aboard th-t night. '"4 December — Departed at 0600 hours for our destination. "«7 December — Reach SINGORA safely at 2400 hours. "'8 December — At 0300 hours, made pre- parations for opposed landing. Around 0600 hours an opposed landing was made. Took the enemy completely 9 ,045 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 t IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 by surprise.'" I will turn to the middle of the first column on page 28: "48 Field Antiaircraft Battalion Operation Order A-l6, dated 4 Lecerabor 1941 at KEELUNG Harbor aboard the MONTREAL MRU, sets forth the following instructions for antiaircraft defense during the coming landing operations, presumably on LUZON; "'1. Battalion will fight according to a lan on separate sheet. f "'2. All units will shoot down enemy reconnaissance planes. i "'3. Each Unit will immediately report dead space and field of fire. "'Army Air Defense Unit Battle Plan. "«I. Plan: 'The Air Defense unit will at all times i j be ready to fire at planes and. submarines. It will , • * | take the initiative and directly assist in the pro- J | taction of ships, ano will cooperate with the naval and air forces. During torpedo attacks it will endeavor to shoot planes down. '"II. Essential Points: "'(a) Establish strong aerial defense points. Co-ordinate all efforts with the aim of destroying 9,046 enemy planes as far away as possible from ships. Battle plan shown on separate sheet. M,(b) Establish strong points for anchorage defense against air attack at tho landing point, and co-operate with front line operations and engage in defending strategic points. ,,r(c) After initial landing, as quickly as possible land the following? 48AA 3AA ) 1AA ) i each 2AA ) and from the beach engage in protecting anchorage, completing a battalion landing and defending military strategical points. Details of position will depend on time of landing. ,M(d) If the situation demands it, for the progress of a partial operation on front line, force will be sent to any strategic point. 111 (c) Aerial defense at assembly points will be carried out by ship units.' "5 December 1941. "Diary belonging to KA'7AN0, Susumu, of 106 Lane Duty Company contains the following entries: "'23 September — Drilled. Inspection for all mobilized personnel. From 0700 hours visitors were allowed in camp area. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,047 "•6 October -- 0700 hours arrived SAIGON. '"23 November — Left on transport T0K0- KAWA MARU. '"25 November -- Arrived SAM, HAINAN Is- land. Transferred to KASHII MRU. "15 December — 30 Transports headed to- wards the theater of operations with naval escort. "•8 December — Made opposed landing at SINGORA, THAILAND,' i "Diary, owner "nd unit unknown, contains the following entries; "'24 November 1941 — Arrived at HAIKOW, HAINAN Island. '"27 November -- Left HAIKOW. "'30 November -- Arrived at HUM,N, "•2 December — Left HUMEN. "'4 December -- Arrived SAMA Harbor. "'5 lecember — Sailed from the harbor at .0400 hours for operations. "'8 December -- Arrived *.t SINGORA, MALAY Peninsula at 0140 hours.' "6 December 1941. "Diary, owner unknown, contains the following entryo "'6 December 1941 — Aboard IAIFUICU MRU. 9,048 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 The MIYAJI Platoon. No. 3 Platoon Orders for lancing attack on GUAM. "'1. Condition of enemy and terrain at the landing site has already been pointed out. This company is to be the first in line on the left of the battalion.' "7 December 1941. "Day of Revenge. "Diary belonging to MIYAKS5 Yashitaka, of Sasebo 5 Special Naval Landing Party contains the following entries; "'24 November 1941 — Left for PALAU at 1000 hours. "'25 November -- At 2000 hours we were ordered to change our course and go directly to SAMA, HAINAN Island. "'4 December — Arrived SAMA Harbor at 0800 hours, Departed on the 7th for CAMRANH Bay. Captain spoke on the declaration of war with ENGLAND the UNITED STATES and the NETHERLANDS. The entire crew rejoiced. At 1-st the day of revenge has arrived. ,M9 December — Arrived CAMRANH Bay."' I will turn to page 30s "Section II. Further Preparations for W-r." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , I will road paragraph bs "Japanese L-nd Operations (Co -paign Study- No. 3), a publication issued by the Military Intel- ligence Service, United States War Department and based entirely on Japanese sources gives the follow- ing account of JAPAN'S preparations for wars "'The units and commanders designated for the various tasks in the war for wiiich they were preparing were selected months in advance, and were concentrated in special training areas where the terrain and climntic conditions approximate those in the regions where they wore to fight. The Malayan Army trained in HAINAN and INDO-CHINA, the Philippine Force in FORMOSA and both units practiced landing operations during the late summer and fall of 1941 along the SOUTH CHINA Coast. Even the divisions chosen to attack HONG KONG were given rigorous train- ing in night fighting and in storming pill boxes in the hills near CANTON . . . "'Japanese commentators mace no secret of the fact that the High Command was fully informed for a year before the war as to the strength, dis- position and likely plans for defense of their then potential enemies. . . . "'Task forces' organized during the summer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,050 of 1941 trained ana worked together continuously (i.e. Joint Aray-Navy forces) until the outbreak of hostilities. . . . "'The troops used in their operation (at VIGAN on LUZON) as well as those used in the sub- sequent landing at LIKGAYEN, had been carrying out landing operations all summer along the CHINA Coast, from CANTON to the INDO-CHINA Border. Little if ~ny military advantage resulted from those oper- ations, and it would now appear that they had boon intended solely for training. . . . "'Japanese accounts give only a hint of their years of painstaking surveying and espionage work throughout the ICRA Isthmus -no the MALAY Penin- sula, but they are quite frank in describing pre- parations made curing the summer and fall of 1941. Those included negotiations with THAILANI for the landing of troops on the KRA Isthmus, for the use of the BANGKOK-SINGAPORE Railroad, and for arrange- ments to cache supplies for the use of the Expedi- tionary Force. "'•The troops assigned to make the initial landings were selected officers and men, drawn from units which had long service in CHINA, and organized into two divisions specially equipped for the work 9 , 0 5 1 they had to do. All of the troops w ich wore to be used in the campaign had been given exhaustive training during the fall in selected -reas of INDO- CHINA , and HAINAN Island, where the terrain approx- imated that ov.:r which they were to fight. When these units landed in MALAYA, far from being unused to the climate and the country, as the British ex- pected them to be, they were trained ~nc seasoned jungle fighters, the equal of any troops with whom they were to cone into contact. The divisions which made the landings had spent the month of September in executing landing operations on the South CHINA Coast, in conjunction with units which were practic- ing for similar tasks in the PHILIPPINES. "'As the time appointed for the attack grew near the troops wore withdrawn from their train- ing areas ana assembled on HAINAN Island, whore large forces coalc be concentrated in complete security far from the eyes of spying foreigners. Here they were completely re—equipped with new guns, vehicles and other equipment of the latest type. A few weeks' training with the new material and the expedition was ready for its big test. . . "'Two divisions w: ich had seen very little activity in the march cown the peninsula, but which 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 were composed of veteran soldiers of the CHINA campaign who had received special training in river crossings in preparation for this very task of storm- ing the Straits of J.0H0RE, were now brought up to relieve those divisions which hod fought their way down the Peninsula.' "Training for Assault on SINGAPORE. "Colonel YOKOYAMA, Yosuko, Commanding Officer, 15 Independent Engineer Regiment, in a report on that regiment dated 25 May 194-2, made the statement quoted below. It is noteworthythat the training which they received is of precisely the type most essential to warfare in MALAYA and especi- ally for the assault on SINGAPORE s "'As shown in summary of the war service record on a separate sheet, this unit was organized from the 4 Engineer Regiment in September 1938. "'From the end of last December the unit took part in the capture of MALAYA -nd SINGAPCRE and the SUMATRA Operations. "'Although originally the function of this unit was that of an »A> regiment, which is similar to that of divisional engineer, this unit was trained for about a year with special emphasis on attacking pill-boxes and operations with flatbottom boats 9,053 with outboard motors attached (These boats are usod in river operation crossings). Thus all personnel can handle these boats. As an "3" regiment they have become c-pable f making crossings of large rivers. "'They have received a citation and certi- ficate of merit from the Army Commander for the engagement at PIFYANG and also two citations for the MALAY Operation and for making a crossing in the face of the enemy at SINGAPORE.' "L. Trained for PHILIPPINE Islands Battle. "'Navy Eagles over the PHILIPPINE Skies,' a series of interviews bv AIACHI, Kazuo, a. reporter, with naval air personnel engaged in the PHILIPPINES Operations, quotes an unnamed Japanese pilot to the following effect s "'I think that I will not be "ble to ever forget the first excitement which I experienced on 8 December. As I watched that formation of troops advancing on MANILA and experienced that I could not hold back the t e-rs because of the joy I felt. "re had gone through intensive training over a long period of time in preparation for this battle, and now we have dealt a spectacular blow.' "Construction of Bases. 9,054 "PALAU. "Translation of a captured document entitled 'Precautions in respect to Billeting -nd Supplies, based on the Special Characteristics of PALAU', dated 1 July 1942, issued by 35 Infantry Brigode Headquarters, reads as follows? 'Essential Points^ '"PALAU is the seat of the South Sea Island Government. Ever since it became a mandated terri- tory as a result of the First World War, our govern- ment has anticipated what it would be today. It has been a place difficult to administer, and the Navy has steadily cprnpleted its equipment as an operational base. tn Major General KAWAGUCKI, " ' Brigade C. nimander.' " 1 will turn to page 33. THE PHESILENTs This is a convenient break. We will recess for fifteen minutes. (Whereupon, aJ 1045, a recess was taken until 1100, after which the proceedings were resumed as follows:) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 0,055 MARSHALL OF THE COURT? The Tribunal is now resumed; THE PRESIDENTS Mr. English. MR. ENGLISH? Page 33? (Reading) "SECTION III. "PRE-WAR ESPIONAGE AND RECONNAISSANCE "30. GENERAL "a. Simplified Table Showing Changes in the Southern Situation Since August 1941 "Issued by 20 Division Headquarters, Is set forth as Figure 2. The table is not dated, but it is evident from internal evidence that the data was accumulated nrior to the outbreak of war. Only those positions of the table containing information which appears to have been derived from confidential Japa- nese sources are reproduced. "Simplified Table Showing Changes in the Southern Situation Since August 1941 "20 Division Headquarters1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19. 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,056 "Summary "Dote "Source of Information "Dispatched From "The strength on the BURMA-THAI- LAND Border is aporox. 50,000 and at BURMA there m i l be another 2000 to 3000 from the Volunteer Army. "The increase in strength in MALAYA v;j 11 be presumed as 10,000 Australians. (Approximately 5,000 . Australians at SINGA- PORE in Mid-August, and at the end of August, although there is no information on the number, transports carrying Australians bid reached SINGAPORE) . Heretofore, the regular army of 4-8,000 has "Mid- "Chief September of Staff Renort "End of October "Chief of Staff Report 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 ,057 reached approximately 60,000. Moreover, if we make a rough esti- mate of the increase in Hindu troops, (in- crease not according to confirmed intelli- gence) it will not exceed the estimate of 71?C00~75?000 by the SINGAPORE Foreign Affairs at the end of August. "b. Sketch Showing Allied Air Forces in South West Pacific Area T,A sketch, issued by the Army Air Defense Unit and labelled 'Air Defense Intelligence Report No. 1', showing dispositions and strengths of Allied Air Forces in South Sea Islands is reproduced as Figure 3. The sketch is dated 6 December 194-1 but an annotation states that it was prepared 'before the crisis."' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,05!; I will read paragraphs 32 to 36, but only the headings and occasionally a paragraph or two: "32. JAPANESE INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE OF UNITED STATES FOP.CFS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PRIOR TO THE OUTBREAK OF Y/AR "a. UNITED STATES Strength—PHILIPPINE ISLANDS "A file of handwritten sheets, dated Julv— 7 | December 1941, entitled 'No. 3 Situation of Both Sides Prior to the Outbreak of War,' issuing author- ity not specified, reads in part as follows: '"The strength of the American Garrison Army in the PHILIPPINES was 12,000 (American about 5,500; native about 6,500). Because of the inter- national situation, however, this number was increased by about 5,200 Americans and 6,000 natives, so that by July of this year, the total reached 22,000. The Filipino National Guard and patrol scouts were included under Genera" MACARTHUR, the American Far Eastern Army Commander who was to undertake the uni- ted command of all troops in the PHILIPPINES."' 9,059 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 I will go to paragraph 33s "33. PRE-WAR ESrlCi^AGE SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITY Hi ThE NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES "a. Sketches Showing NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES Defense Forces 1935-1940 (41) "Three captured sketches, undated, issuing authority not specified, showing disposition and strength of i\ETliERL.uNLS EAST INDIES forces on the islands of JAVA, SUMATRA and BALI are reproduced as Figures 5, 6 and 7. Although the sketches are not individually dated, one of them bears the note !1935 to the present.1 The present would seem from internal evidence to refer to l'?40 or 1941." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,060 The Tr-bunal may wish to examine the maps on pages 36, 37 and 38. I will go to page 39? paragraph 34: "34. PKE-rtii.Ii ESPIONAGE IN NES GuIî EA "The following intelligence report on BRITISH NE;. GUINEA is based on the observations of Major TOYOFURu3 Tetsuo, in March 1941. The experience gained by this officer was subsequently utilized through his appointment to the staff of the South Seas Detachment, the force which later fought over this same country. The preface and text of the report read as follows: "'Military Data on BRITISH «EW GUINEA " General Sti ff Headquarters "'Reproduced by: General Headquarters, Southern Army "'Headquarters, Eastern Detachment, "'1 October 1942 "'This data was cc.mpiU.ed from the report of an inspection by Major T0YGilA,U, Tetsuo, March 1941, and from date obtained and arranged thereafter. "'References perused for data are; 'Military Report on British owned NEW GUINEA', published by the Naval General Staff September 1940; Volume II of t'NEW GUINEA Sailing Directory' published by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,061 Hydrographic Department; Cherts Nos. 854, 857, 859, 8?8, rnd other necessary maps. "'Part T - Military Value of BRITISH NETi/ C-UINEA and SOLOMON Islands; "'These possessions, together with the DUTCH EAST INDIES Archipelago, form a natural barrier intersecting the PACIFIC OCEAN from north to south. The northern end is within the radius of action of our borders from most of our South Sc-a Mandated Islands, and the southern end i3 within the radius of rctiorj. of bombers from the northern part of AUSTRALIA. (It is approximately 1000 kilo- meter s^rom TRUK rnd PONAPE Islands, in our South Sea Mandate, to RABAUL, capital of the Australian Mandated Territory; approximately 1250 kilometers from C00KT0WN, NORTH AUSTRALIA, to RABAUL, and approximately 600 kilometers to PORT MORESBY.) They are separated from the Australian Continent by the narrow TORRES STRAIT. Consequently, posses- sion of this territory would make it easy to obtain the command of air and sea in the South West PACIFIC and to acquire 'stepping stone1 bases for operations against AUSTRALIA. Control of the southern coast of NEW GUINEA, in particular control of TORRES STRAIT, would cut communications between the South PACIFIC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,062 OCEAN and DUTCH EAST INDIES as well as the INDIAN OCEAN Area; and would force the enemy fleet to devour to the Southern coast of AUSTRALIA. 1,1 As mentioned above, it is considered that this is strategically important territory for Japanese Operations in the South Seas, especially against AUSTRALIA. Moreover, Japanese forces should consider it very fortunate that the places used as bases for air and sea forces in this territory are not few."1 9,063 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 I will turn to rage 42, paragraph 35: "35. Pre-War Espionage in Australia "a. Sketch Showing Disposition of Australian Troops. "An annotated sketch showing the disposition of Australian military forces as of July 1940 is re- produced as Figure 8. The sketch appears to have been issued by OSAMU (16 Army) Group Headquarters." The Tribunal may wish to examine the sketch on page 43. Fage 44: "Table issued by 0SAIV;U (16 Army) Group Headquarters, dated July 1940, and setting forth the organization of the Australian Army, reads as fol- lows :" The Tribunal may wish to examine the table on page 44, page 45, page 46 and page 47. THE PRESIDENT: Yes, Mr, English. MR. ENGLISH: I will turn to Page 47, para- graph 36: "SECURITY MEASURES IN KOREA "Prior to 8 December 1941 precautions against the leakage of information were detailed and thorough. An official document dated September 1941 shows that 19 Division in KOREA took most 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,064 elaborate precautions to prevent any news of military value from being obtained by nationals of other countries. "'Extracts from Counter-Espionage Regula- tions drafted 30 September 1941, held by 47 Field Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion based. 19 Division Staff Report. "'Measures to be trken while awaiting orders. "'No. 1 Policy. "'Periodicrl rnd progressive reform in- struction will be given concerning counter- espionage rnd various regulations. Do not permit natives of enemy territory to participate in our schemes for obtaining intelligence of any kind. At the same time the arousing of a positive con- sciousness in officers and men (employees included) so they can act in themselves to nullify rnd com- pletely crush the vrrious pirns and strategies of the enemy. Thus, by hoodwinking the enemy rnd hiding our own pirns we will have nothing to fear in putting our milita^r preparations into operation. '"Paragraph 21. - Restrict the contact of military personnel with foreigners especially 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,065 those outside barracks, to thrt of official business. (Particularly in regard to language study and religion). '"Precautions will particularly be taken with Englishmen, Americans, Russians and rnti- •Hitlerites', of whom there are a large number, c-ven though they are Germans, to avoid malicious behaviour or prevent discovery of our intentions. '"Control the association of Korean Christirns with Englishmen and Americans. '"Paragraph 22. - Watch the conversation of the families of soldiers, especially children, and restict their requisition of matters that concern the army. '"Acting in concert with the provincial authorities particularly the school authorities, keep control over wild rumours and false reports from students (T,N. school children) r.nd make an attempt to guide "Oiem in such matters. '"•Each household will report domicile, etc. of all Koreans employed by the commander of the unit to vhich it is associated. '"Be strict in supervision and investigation of merchants, especially Koreans entering and leaving the compound of the official residence. '"Paragraph 38.-Enforce directions con- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 cerning prevention of espionage when having dealings with gendarmes rnd with government rnd private schools of each province in KOREA. Also with post offices, journalists, etc. "'Paragraph 54 -Develop in soldiers the faculty of preventing espionage rnd. let them develop their own resourcefulness. It is expected, that they will be on special guard when in contrct with Korerns, etc. (For example, Koreans examining the contents of soldiers' wa stepaper brskets.)'" "SECTION IV. PUBLICATIONS OF MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE "37. GENERAL "A survey of captured documents indicates that a considerable number of training manuals, instructions, etc., bearing directly on subsequent military operatiors were published, during the year i " and a hrlf preceding the outbreak of war. Normal military programs may well account for the greater part of these publications. In many instances, however, their subject matter serves to document the trend, of Japanese military interest, while in a few cases official statements prefaced, to pub- lications are clearly indicative of the approaching S, 057 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 crisis. A list of pertinent publications chrono- logically arrayed according to date of issue, is set forth in the following paragraph. "38. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS "Military Geography of NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES "List of military secret documents received, belonging to 41 Infantry Regiment, dated 9 July 1942, contains the following items: "'Date of Preparation Subject J ii t 30 April 19A0 "'1 November 1940 "'1 November 1940 1,130 August 1941 "'15 October 1941 BRITISH MLLAYA: Military Geography rnd General Description. DUTCH EAST INDIES: Military Geography. DUTCH EAST INDIES: Military Geography. (Separate volume) BRITISH BORNEO: Military Geography and General Description. The Resources BRITISH MALAYA." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,033 I will read only the paragraphs which I indicate: "d. Rapid Training of Air Service Personnel, "Index list of military secret documents taken over by Confidential Books Officer of 41 Infantry Regiment on 10 October 1942. Frepared by War Ministry: "Date or Preparation Subject April 10, 1941 On the rapid training of men for air service, "e, Future Treasure of JAPAN, "Colored map entitled 'Great East ASIA and FACIFIC, 1 issued by Cabinet Frinting Department on 30 April 1941. Fencilled near NEW GTJHEA is the com- ment — 'Future treasure of JAPAN, Population 300,000. I will turn to page 50, paragraph (i): "i. Map of Military Installations - SIKGAF ORE. "Colored map entitled, 'East Asia Co-Pros- perity Sphere, Large Map of Western FACIFIC OCEAN,' published in September 1941, issuing authority not specified. Insets include: Map of world, sketch map of military installations of SIIGAFCRE, detailed map 9,069 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 of JAVA, and detailed man of the HAWAIIAN Islands, "k. Manual of Landing Operations, "Reference Manual on Landing Operations, compiled by Inspector General of Military Education, dated 18 September 1941. Introduction contains the f oil owing pa n s a go : "'This book was distributed without delay in order to furnish materials for rcfcroncc on land- ing operations.' "n. Identification of Allied Planes. * - "Printed Handbook entitled 'Identification of Soviet, American and British pianos, 'published, in September 1941 by Inspectorate General of Mili- tary Education.' "p. Japanese-Malayan Vocabulary. "Printed pamphlet containing Japancsc-Ifclcyan vocabulary dated October 1941 issued by Naval General Staff. "q. Tropical Hygiene Handbook. "Printed Manual entitled 'Tropical Hygiene Handbook' edited by Medical Bureau, Navy Department, published by Bureau of Education, Navy Department, dated October 10, 1941.'" 9,069 I dircct the Triburrcl'a attention to Appendix A, which is a chart of tho matter contrincd in the pages prcccding it. Tho chart bogins on page 52 rnd ends on page 65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MR. LOGAN: If the Tribunal please, — THE FRESIDENT: Mr. Logan. 1R. LOGAN: (Continuing) in the first page of this document it aprears that this report was solely based on documentary evidence held at ATIS, GHQ prior to 1 January 194-5, The defense would like to know if these documents are still held by ATIS or by the Prosecution staff; and, if so, we would like to have the opportunity of examining them both be- cause of translation matters and to examine portions which were omitted in the report. THE P'RESIDENT: Mr. English. MR. ENGLISH: Your Honor, the Frosecution Section h§s not in its possession any of these docu- ments, nor has the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section of SHQ the documents here in Tokyo, THE PRESIDENT: Do you suggest that the defense might be allowed to peruse the material from which this report has been made up if that opportunity presents itself? It does seem to be in the inter- ests of a fair trial that they should have that opportunity. IR. ENGLISH: Yes, your Honor. THE F RESIDENT: I feel that all my col- leagues agree with that. 9,071 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MR. ENGLISH: In fact, your Honor, the Frosecution Section made serious efforts to obtain these documents but was unable to get them. THE FRESIDEET: Was any reason given to you? ICR. ENGLISH: I have a communication here, your Honor. THE FRESIDENT: I will deal with the matter in Chambers on an application by the defense. KR. ENGLISH: That v/ould be the proper place, your Honor. THE F RES I DEFT: What was that? ft!'R. ENGLISH: I submit that that might be the proper place to deal with this matter, in Chambers. THE FRESIDENT: It is unless you have some material there that indicates that an application wovJ-d be useless. 1 2 3 4 5 l 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,072 MR. ENGLISH: I have a communication from ATIS addressed to the Chief of the Investigation Division of IPS, which reads as follows: "Regarding your request for the original documents used as a base for compilation of ATIS Report No. 131 entitled, 'Japan's Decision to Fight,' I hereby inform you that they were shipped from Brisbane, Australia, and Manila, Philippine Islands, to the Washington Document Center, Washington, D.C. during the period May, 1945, to Octobcr, 1945." THE PRESIDENT: They are in Washington, that is the answer. MR. ENGLISH: That is the answer, your Honor. THE PRESIDENT: Do you see any reason why I should not make an order — why the Tribunal should not make one — for their production here? MR. ENGLISH: A member of the prosecution staff went to Washington to try to get the documents but was unable to do so. However, there is no reason why such an order should not be made, your Honor. THE PRESIDENT: Photostat copies will dn. The presecution not objecting, we make an order for the production of the originals or photo- stat copies. MR. ENGLISH: Will the Clerk, mark for 1 2 3 4 5 4 6 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,073 identification prosecution's document No. 1555, entitled "Tokyo Gazette," Volume V, No. 8, February, 1942? Reference is made to court exhibit No. 448, page 5102 of the record being three certificates showing the source of the "Tokyo Gazette" as having come from the Japanese Institution of Foreign Affairs and certifying that these magazines were issued under governmental supervision. I offer in evidence prosecution's document No. 1555-1, an excerpt from prosecution's document No. 1555, in the form of a Ministerial Address of the accused TOJO to the 78th Session of the Imperial Diet, December 16, 1941. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 1555 will receive exhibit No. 879 for identifica- tion only. Prosecution's document No. 1555-1 will receive exhibit No. 879-A. ('Thereupon, prosecution's document No. 1555 was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 879 for identification; and prosecution's document No. 1555-1 was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 879-A and was received in evidence.) MR. ENGLISH: I will read the last paragraph 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22. 23 24 25 9,074 of page 2: owe the officers and men of the Armb- and Navy debts of heartfelt gratitude and unbounded admiration for the demonstration of their great prowess. For years they have been silently going through hard training in preparation for this day. Once war starts, they go to the front, with no thought of returning alive, for the cause of the State." I offer in evidence prosecution's document No. 2521, which is a chart prepared by the First Demobilization Bureau of the Japanese Government showing the total strength of the Japanese Army from January 1, 1930, to January 1, 1944. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 2521 will receive exhibit No. 880. (hereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 880 and was received in evidence.) MR. ENGLISH: I will read the chart: "The Total Strength of the Japanese Army. "Period Division Brigade Total Strength 1 Jan. 1930 17 4 250,000 " " 1931 17 4 250,000" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,075 THE PRESIDENT: Read where the big changes take place. MR. ENGLISH: (Continuing) "1 Jan. 1938 26 5 950,000 t. u 1939 35 15 1,130,000 » « 1940 43 16 1,240,000 " " 1941 53 24 1,350,000 * * * t« " 1943 68 25 2,400,000 " '» 1944 80 41 2,900,000"— THE PRESIDENT: 1942 is worth reading. MR. ENGLISH: (Continuing) "The number of division shows the total of infantry divisions, tank divisions, flying division groups, flying divisions and flying training divisions. THE PRESIDENT: For 1942 the figures are: "56, 25, 2,100,000." MR. ENGLISH: 2,100,000 men; 56 -- 25 brigades — 2,100,000 men. (Continuing): "The number of brigades shows the total of independent mixed brigades, independent infantry brigades, cavalry brigades, artillery brigades, inde- pendent tank corps, task brigades on sea and the Karafuto Mixed Brigade. "'Total Strength' shows the permanent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,076 establishment, so the number is roughly estimated. "The necessary materials to the estimation of the above numbers were lost on account of burning up and so on at the termination of the war. So, this is the best record that the 1st Demobilization Bureau can offer at present (July 16, 194-6) through various remaining records (and a part of them was collected from memories)." This concludes this phase of the case. Brigadier Quilllam will now introduce evidence of the illegal fortification of Japan's mandated islands. THE PRESIDENT: Brigadier Quilliam. BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: Mr. President and Members of the Tribunal, it is now proposed to present evidence which it is submitted will show that from the year 1932 onwards Japan, in violation of treaties and with a view to future wars of aggression, fortified and established military and naval bases in the islands in the Pacific held by her under mandate from the League of Nations. The counts of the Indictment to which this evidence relates are all those in Group One, namely, counts 1 to 36, inclusive, and the sections of the Appendices affected are Section 5 (c) of Appendix A and Clauses 15, 18 and 31 of Appendix B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,077 In order to show the situation of the Japanese mandated islands I offer in evidence IPS document, No. 1756-H, being an excerpt from "The Japaj^ Yoar Book 1941-42." This book has been already produced in evidence and is court exhibit No. 276, THE PRESIDENT: This excerpt is admitted on the usual terms. CLERIC OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 1756-H will receive exhibit No. 881. (Whereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 881 and was received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILL LAM: I will now read the excerpt which is taken from page 909 of the book: "South Sea Islands under Japan's Mandate. Geographical Features. "The South Sea Islands mandated to Japan, numbering over 1,400, with an aggregate area of 2,148.80 square kilometers, are the Mariana, Marshall and Caroline groups, between 131°10' and 172°10' of east longitude and between 1°15' and 20°32' of north latitude. The Hawaiian Islands are to the east; the Philippines and Celebes to the west; the Bonin Islands to the north, and New Guinea to the south. Only one island among them, i.e. Guam, belongs to the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,078 United States. "The Mariana archipelago starts close to the southern end of the Bonin Islands, stretching toward the equator, and the Marshall and Caroline groups extend to the east and west along the equator, forming an inverted letter 'T' with the Marianas. About 740 miles south of the Bonin Islands lies Saipan, the largest of the Marianas, and about 180 miles farther south is Truk, one of the largest of the Carolines, which marking the crossing point of the inverted 'T', is the center of the mandated territory. The line of 148° east longitude divides the Carolines into the West Carolines, with Palau and Yap, and the East Carolines, with Truk and Ponape. Because of the distances between the islands and the- extensive area covered by them, communications are difficult. The fact that each group of isles uses different words peculiar to itself sufficiently dem- onstrates the degree to which they are separated." Mr. President, I have here copies of a map prepared and issued by the American Army Map Service. The map shows the mandated islands of Japan and their situation with respect to other countries. I have been able to obtain a copy for each Member of the Tribunal and also four copies for the defense. It 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,079 has not been reproduced or translated in accordance with the Tribunal's rules, and I am therefore unable to offer it in evidence. I respectfully suggest, however, that it would be helpful to the Members of the Tribunal to be able to refer to the map and that no prejudice would be caused the defense. I under- stand that the defense has no objection to this course. If the Members of the Tribunal wish to have the maps for reference they can be handed to the Clerk now. THE PRESIDENT: There being no objection by the defense, tender the map. You tender it, Brigadier, and it is admitted on the usual terms. BRIGADIER QUILL LAM: I tender the map in evidence, if it please the Tribunal, now., CLERK OF THE COURT: These maps, without prosecution's identifying number, will be given exhibit No. 882. (Whereupon, the map above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 882 and received in evidence.) MR. LEVIN: Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Levin. MR. LEVIN: On behalf of the defense may I state that we have heretofore advised Brigadier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, Quilliam that there would he no objection with reference to pursuing this course. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,081 THE PRESIDENT: Brigadier Quilliam. BRIGADIER QUILLIAM; May it please the Tribunal, in order to explain the history of Japan's Mandate, it is necessary to refer to Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, to the terms of the Mandate, and to the Treaty in respect of the Mandate made between the United States and Japan. The Covenant of the League of Nations has been already produced in evidence as Court exhibit No. 23. Article 22 of the Covenant is as follows: "To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves uncer^the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the 1 ell-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this covenant. "The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their gee- graphical position can best undertake this responsibility. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,082 and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on behalf of the League. "The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development of the • people, the geographical situation, of the territory, its economic conditions and other similar circumstances.' j "Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognised subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory. "Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such a stage that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and the'prevention of the estab*. • lishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,083 police purposes and the defence of territory, and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Members of the'League. "There are territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, which, owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilization, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the mandatory, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population. "In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to its charge. "The degree of authority, control, or adminis- tration to be exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon ' y the members of the League, be explicitly defined in each case by the Council. "A permanent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the observance of the mandates." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,084- In accordance with the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant Japan was, on the 17th December 1920, granted a mandate to administer the groups of Islands mentioned. The provisions of the Mandate are set out in full in the Treaty made on the 11th February 1922 between the United States and Japan which has been produced in evidence as Court exhibit No. 29. It is not proposed unless the Tribunal directs otherwise to prove the Mandate as a separate document. It is, I apprehend, unnecessary to refer to all the provisions of the Mandate and I will read only Article 4, which is as follows; "The Military training of the natives, otherwise than for purposes of internal police and the local defence of the territory, shall be prohibited. Furthermore no military or naval bases shall be established or fortifications erected in the territory." I will now read short extracts from the Treaty made on the 11th February 1922 between the United States and Japan (Court exhibit No. 29) under which the United States consented to the administration of the Islands by Japan. "Article 1. - Subject to the Drovisions of the present Convention, the United States consents to the administration by Japan, pursuant to the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,085 aforesaid Mandate, of all the former German Islands in the Pacific Ocean, lying north of the Equator. "Article iKflrst paragraph) - The United States and its nationals shall receive all the benefits of the engagements of Japan, defined in Articles 3,4 and 5 of the aforesaid Mandate, notwithstanding the fact that the United States is not a Member of the League of Nations." I wish now to refer to the assurance given by the Japanese Ambassador to the.Secretary of State on the execution of the Treaty which has just been mentioned, vjith respect to the extension of the usual comity to nationals and vessels of the United States in visiting the Islands. The assurance is printed as an addendum to the Treaty on page 5 of Court exhibit No. 29 and (excluding formal parts) is as follows: i "Japanese embassy, "Washington, "February 11, 1922. "In proceeding this day to the signature of the Convention between Japan and the United States with respect to the islands, under Japan's Mandate, situated in the Pacific Ocean and lying north of the Equator, I have the honour to assure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,0P6 you, under authorization of my Government, that the •usual comity will he extended to nationals and vessels of the United States in visiting the harbors and waters of those islands." It is now proposed to produce twenty-five documents being the original depositions of 25 residents of the Mandated Islands. As each original deposition is produced it is proposed to read an excerpt or excerpts from the deposition. By an Order made by the Tribunal on the 5th July (Paper No. 275) compliance with Rule 6(b)(1) of the Tribunal's Rules of Procedure was dispensed with on certain terms. It should be mentioned that we have gone further than the require- ments of the Tribunal's Order and have served the defendants with full English copies of the depostions. The prosecution, however, rely only on those parts of the depositions which will be read to the Tribunal and which are marked on the originals and English copies. The full depositions have not been translated into Japanese, only the excerpts. It is submitted that these excerpts will prove that ^or several years prior to December 194-1 Japan made fortifications and military and naval bases in her Mandated Islands. The first eleven depositions are made by residents of islands in the Marianas Group. 9,087 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 I offer in evidence IPS Document No. 6022, being the deposition of Manuel Blanco. TLE PRESIDENT: Mr. Logan. IR. LOGAN: If the Tribunal please, these documents to which Brigadier Quilliam just referred are apparently made by various natives of various islands. r'e have no desire to make any unreasonable requests on either the Tribunal or the prosecution, but if the prosecution is depending on these affidavits to establish that these mandated islands were fortified and that the fortifications began on certain dates, which they intend to establish through these affidavits, we believe that if they are solely depending on this testimony, without any other evidence whatsoever, that we should be given the opportunity to cross-examine these witnesses. THE PRESIDENT: We will recess now until half past one, (Whereupon, at 1200, a recess was taken.) i 9,08C 5 0 1 1 d 2 b e 3 r 4 g 6 5 S 6 P 7 r a 8 t t 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 AFTERNOON SESSION The Tribunal met, pursuant to recess, at 133©. MARSHAL OF THE COURT: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East is now resumed. MR. SOMIYA; I am SOMIYA, Shinji, counsel for the defendant OKA, Takazumi. THE PRESIDENTS Mr. SOMIYA. MR. SOMIYA: I wish to speak on the document recently presented by the prosecution concerning the affidavit of an inhabitant of the South Seas. The inhabitants of the South Seas are of a very low cultural level, and there are those among them who can neither count nor even know their own ages. On looking over the affidavits I find that some of them — that many of them — that in many of them there is a confusion between the years preceding the war and those after the war began, THE MONITOR; The facts preceding the war and after. MR. SOMIYA: (Continuing) Therefore, I earnestly hope that we will be permitted to cross-examine these witnesses before this Tribunal. Mr. Logan has already asked for the appearance of the affiant as witness in this case, and I, myself, want on my part to 9,089 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 add my appeal to that of Mr. Logan. It is true that one of the affiants is a Japanese. I have heard that this Japanese has recently been repatriated. I say that by the way. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT: . Brigadier Quilliam. .•.':" BRIGADIER QUILLIAM; May it please the i Tribunal, in the first instance, I feel that I can properly give an assurance to the Tribunal and to my learned friend, Mr. Logan, that in addition to the depositions, material, cogent evidence will be produced. As regards the competency of these deponents, may I suggest th Tribunal should later on make any order that might be considered necessary in the circum- stances e . _ ICR.' LOGAN: In view of counsel's'statement, may it please the Tribunal, we would like to suggest these affidavits be received at this time conditionally subject to the other proof the Brigadier mentioned. THE PRESIDENT: Well, Mr. Logan's application is based on the'absence of other evidence besides the affidavits. We must hear the other evidence that you say you have, Brigadier, before we come to a decision. We admit the document on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6022 will receive exhibit No. 88.?. i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,090 (Whereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was markrl prosecution's exhibit No. 883 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition. It is dated 16 March 194-6, (Reading): "I, Manuel Blanco, was born on Saipan or. 13 November 1906. I worked for the N.K.K. as a blacksmith from 1934 to 1944. During this period the Japanese Navy's most important military construction projects were the buildings of ASLITO Naval Air Base commenced in 1932 and it was never completed. At the beginning of 1940 anti-aircraft, coastal batteries, and other type of ordnance were installed at the ASLITO Air field. I saw at that time the NKK train bring plane parts and guns, bombs, etc., from the pier to the Aslito Naval Air Base. I helped to build a bomb shelter at Aslito Field in 1938. The hangars as well as other installations were camouflaged with grass, trees, and plants beginning in the later part of 1938." I offer in evidence I.P.S. Document No. 6024, being the deposition of Wakamatsu Makoto. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted or. the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6024 will receive exhibit No. 884. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, (Whereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 884 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will read an excerpt from the deposition. It is dated March 16, 1946. (Reading): "I, .-.fckarietsu Aakoto, was born at Dita Ken, Kyushu,Japan, on 13 June 1907. I first came to Saipan in 1935 to work as a Chemical engineer t for the N. K. K. I observed various military installa- tions in the vicinity of the Aslito field on which construction was commenced in 1933. Two years before the outbreak of the war, the Japanese military built a series of concrete trenches and shelters around the Aslito Air Field, which were designated to serve as means of protection in case of air raids. In 194-0, I happened to see some Japanese Navy Men storing a huge amount of ammunition in some warehouses in Aslito Air Field. These warehouses were situated in a forested section and were camouflaged to look like trees. They were coastal guns located on AGINGAN Point and NAFUTAN Point. I heard after from KKK officials that there was an anti-submarine net in Tanapag Harbcr placed there just before December 1941." 9,092 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 BRIGADIER QUILLIAM; I now offer in evidence I.P.S. Document No. 6019, being the deposition of Ignacio Benavente. THE FRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERIC. OF THS COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6019 will receive exhibit No. 885. (Whereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 885 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will read an excerpt from this deposition. (Reading): "Date: March 16, 194-6. "I, Ignacio Benavente, Farmer and Village Chief Assistant "As far as I can remember the ASLITO Airfield was built in 1935. I saw a wireless station and gasoline tanks at the same airfield before I left for Yap in 1937 and another military wireless station north of Susupo, site of present Signal Supply. I heard at that time that an ammunition dump was being built and also a large tank in 1935 near the harbor." I offer in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6020 being the deposition of Elias P. Sablan. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document 9,093 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 No. 6020 will receive exhibit No. 886. (Whereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 886 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will read an excerpt from this deposition. (Reading): "Date March 16, 194-6. "I, Elias Sablan, was born on the 8 of November 1899, on Saipan, M. I. I worked as foreman loading and unloading cargoes. This work was carried on at Tanapag harbor in 1931. Aslito Field in 1935 was started. In 1939 Banadero construction began. The Japanese brought in about 10-inch guns stored them in warehouses. This occurred around 1937. They were set up in 1939 and 1940. The forced labor started in 1939 and they took Saipan Chamorros up to a reef to fortify it. Keeping forced labor there for 6 months. These people were paid two yens a day. Early 1931 — " I think, your Honor, that is plainly "1941", although that is how it appears in the original. (Reading continued): "Early 1931 the Japs started bringing in cement, lumber, many airplanes. In the summer of 1941, they started to bring in fighters bombers, and many drums of gas. Forced labor used to help to fortify Saipan was used by the Japanese. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,094 "About 18 November 1941 ten young Chamorros 21-25 who c-vald speak English were nicked forcibly and another group one which later were told thev were to help the Emperor and Japan. On 6 December they were sent to Guam on unknown mission. Second group was sent to Guam on 8 December 1941. They were used to search the island for gun positions to help the Japanese but after being turned loose to watch they hid in the jungles." I offer in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6023, being the deposition of Mariano Pangelinan. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6023 will receive exhibit No. 887. (Whereupon, the above-mentioned document was ma rked prosecution's exhibit No. 887 and received "'n evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition. (Reading): "Date: 16 March 1946. "I, Mariano Pangelinan, was born on November i860 in Guam and came to Saipan in 1901. From 1903 to 1945 I served as district chief of District #2. Under the Japanese I was a labor foreman.' "The Japanese were very careful to hide from 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,095 the native population all military installations and fortifications, but I saw many signs of Japanese rearma- ment in Saipan before 1941. This rearmament started gradually around 1935 with the building of the Aslito air field on the present site of Isley Field and made rapid headway by 1940. I noticed during this period the construction of ammunition dumps, military bar- racks, and other military installations." I offer in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6025, being the deposition of Antonio Angailen. TH3 PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6025 will receive exhibit No. 888. (Whereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 888 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition. (Reading): "Date: 16 March 1946. "I was born on Saipan 24 November 188?. I was elected District Chief of Carolinans in 1912 while under the rule of the Germans. At present I hold the same job. The Japanese ordered me to retain the same position. In 1935 a Naval Air Base at Tanapag was started. In 1937 Aslito (Isley) air field was built. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 In 1940 Japanese emplacements were put up." I offer in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6026, being the deposition of Juan M. Ada, THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on th=3 \*£.ual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's docume.it No. 602S will receive exhibit N:>. 889A ("/hereupon, the above-mentioned docu- ment was marked prosecution's exhibit No, 889 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUIUJAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition. (Reading): 'Oate: 16 Mi rch 1946. "I was born in Guam on October 24, 1886, and came to Saipan in I89O . In 1937 was elected Head Chief of Garapan Village. In administrating the village I was forced to take order." from the Japanese. I"i 1935 the Japanese bought up the farms in the area of Tanapag Village and immediately f.tar tec", building a Naval Air Base." I offer in evidence I.F.S. document No. 6021, being the deposition of Conc-pcion Blanco. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6021 will receive exhibit No. 890. ("hereupon, the above-mentioned document 9,097 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 Km 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 890 and received in evidence.) BRIGADTSR QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition. (Reading): "16 March 1946. "I, Concepcion Blanco, age 27, was born on Saipan on 13 December 1918. I worked as a clerk and telephone operator in the Japanese Naval Construction department at Tanapag Harbor, Saipan from "1938 to 1944. In this capacity I had the opportunity to observe the construction of Japanese military fortifications and installations before December 1941. Six underground tanks were constructed in 1937. I saw fuel installa- tions at the seaplane base. There were five barracks housing about 3000 military and naval personnel. The construction of these began in 1938. There were two radio stations constructed in 1938. There were five signal stations operated by Kasuga butai at Garapan, Shibata butai at Garapan, Nafuton, Agranhan, Tanapag, Magacienne Bay, A Navy Rear Admiral was in charge of_ all these signal stations." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,098 BRIGADIER QUILLIAM (Continuing): I offer in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6017, being the deposition of Vincente de Le«"*i Guerrero. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6017 will receive exhibit No. 891. (Whereupon, the above-mentioned document was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 891 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUI LIIAM: I will read an excerpt. (Reading): "Date: 15 March 1946. " J was born on the 9th October I898 in Garapan, Saipan. Since the age of 7 I entered the Public German School up to the age of 16, when I was graduated in Anril 1913- On December 1913, I was sended to Yap to the German Dutch Cable and Co. to work at the station as a operator. "I was turned back to Saipan in February 1915. Since then I work at ny father's farm in helping my father supporting us, up to the time when I got married at the age of My job is still a farmer, when in 1937 I was choosed as a foreman by order of the Chamorran Administration, to go with a party of 30 natives to work at the underground tanks installations at Tanapag Harbor for 3 months. There 9,099 were 6 underground trnks (4 big ones and 2 small). Each tank of the big size are approximately 1800 Feets round, "̂e are informed by the authority that we Chamorros to have to carry some jobs5 because a war might happen in the very near future, and these installations must be done before too late, those tanks when completed are to be filled with oil and gasoline, for the ships that have to come in Saipan. t7'e are informed to keep the words very secret. Any- body who tells such things must, be punished by the authority. The deepness of each of such tanks are 50 feet. The concrete around each tank are 3 feet thick and iron plrtes are riveted in concrete. Iron plates and concrete were used for roofing. In the in- side of such tanks there were iron posts constructed to hold the roof. Many nipelines were constructed in connection of all the tanks. A big pipeline were crossing from the tanks to the pier. Plants and trees were used as camouflage. The location of such tanks are between what is now Hot Plant Ho. 3 and Pipe Plant. At the beginning of the year 1939, the Chamor- ran Administration are informed from the authority to conscript labor to send to Kainan to (Marcus Is.) for another installation for a plane base. The laborers have to be sended. over there for a three 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,100 month period. Another bunch of laborers were sended at the beginning of 1940. The wages are ¥1.50 per dry and is under the Japanese Naval Operations. "There were installed gun implacements in 1939 here in Saipan (AAA Battery behind the Japanese Naval Headquarters in Grranan, several costal defenses gun in Lanhan, Naftan Point, Agingan Point and Mirchot Point). On the Island in front of Tarepeg Harbor were also installed a gun impl~cement (Mrniageso). In every gun implacement were Navy personnel attached: i (Units of the Butai)." i 9,101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 BRIGADIER CUILLIAF (Continuing): May it please the Tribunal, may I direct the Tribunal's attention to the fact that that deposition was written out as the original shows, and as the English copy bv the deponent himself, I offe.' in evidence I.P.S. document No. 6027, being the deposition of Francisco de Borje. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6027 will receive exhibit No. 892. (7/hereupon, the above-mentioned document was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 892 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QIJILLIAM: ' I will read an excerpt. (Reading): "Date: 16 March 1946. "I 7jas born on April 3rd 1887 on Guam, I came to Saipan in 1899 went to Angau in the Peleiu Island group and returned to Saipan in Feb. 1946. I worked as foreman for n00 workers in the Phosphorus Company there, first for the Germans then the Japanese. I knew of the building of an airfield on Peleiu in ~ 1939." I offer in evidence I.P.S, document No. 6018, being the deposition of Jose S. Fangelinan. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6018 will receive exhibit No. 893- ("Whereupon, the above-mentioned document was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 893 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will read an excerpt. (Reading): "Date: 15 March 1946. "I was born on Saipan, 27 March 1904; I was 10 years old in 1914 on October when the Japanese took this Island (Saipan) from the Germans, I entered the Japanese School, and at the same time, they gave me a job as Messenger in the' Japanese Milt. Govt. Head office: In 1916 they change my job and put me as an Interpreter in Japanese & Chamorro: In 1919 I quit work and went to Japan (to school) study music and business course, until 1923 when the big earthquake destroyed Tokyo, I returned and * ork with my Father at the farm (after I returned from Japan never had a chance to get a job: In 1926 I went to Guam trying to get permisnion from the Governor of Guam to reside on the Island, but I failed; I married a Guam girl and re- turned to Saipan the same year (I was in Guam for 3 months) and running my 50 acre sugar plantation using Okinawans tenants, about 11 farmers, until 1934 when the Japanese Government took my plantation away from me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, and gave it to the N.K.K. (South Sea Development Co.) the reason they said is 'NO NATIVE AUTHORIZED TO USE A JAPANESE AS TENANTS' I know wbr.t they mean, and I gave up. In 1923 That must be an error, sir. It must be 1933- 1935. (Reading continued): "In 1935 I went to Ponape, started my own busirp ss (using native laborers) as -a copra trader, and sea transportation also. In 1940 they took my motor boat and sampan to use for transporting materials from mainland to the snail islands -round Ponape for installation; I returned again to Saipan early in 1940 and on May the same year I found my job at the seaplane base, using a bull cart, as a material transporter from the Navy Ware Houses to the contractors that working at the Seaplane Base. I worked till September the same year, and during this • time, I noticed that there was 2 hangars, ware houses containing a big quantity of food, lumbers, nails, wires of all kinds and construction materials, small airplanes, big air planes, etc: 1 Big overground heavy builded concretc shelter containing all kinds of explosives, bullets, bombs etc.: 2 or 3 repair shop for servicing airplanes; about 8 or 10 Big Barracks that can hold about 350 to 500 men each. During this 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, time (nrr working time) I became very acquainted with many of the Navy Boys and they told -me openly that all of this work is for the military purposes. "I did not working direct to the Navy, but for the contractors, and my working hours is from 0600 to 1700 with one 30 minutes during the morning and another 30 minutes in the evening, 1|- hour at noon recess time. They feed me 3 times a da^ and paid me ¥ 5.00 (five yens) per day. "I noticed too that there was always 15 up to 25 Big 4 propellers Seaplane and some fighting and scouting plane. When they stopped me working at the Seaplane Base, I helped my father who was a chief of Section #2 in Garapan, issued laborers for the Air Strip at Aslito and also for the load and unloading of Ships at Tanapag, Chalan Kanoa & Tenian." May it please the Tribunal, may I point out that that deposition also was written out by the deponent. i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 .25 9,105 I will now reed an excerpt from this depo- sition. "Taken at: Moon Island, Truk and Central Carolines. "Date? February 25, 194-6. "Q. State your name, parmanent home address, and occupation. "A. Alfred Milo, a-sis^ant chief. Moon Island. "Q. How long have you I:ved on the island of Moon? "A. Forty-five years. "Q. How long have you been living in the Truk Atoll? "A. Forty-five years. "Q. Have you any knowledge of fortifications or military installations constructed by the Japanese on Moon Island prior to December 194-1? "A. yes. "Q. State' what you know :of your own knowledge about the installations? "A. During the latter part of 1938 the Japanese started constructing a lighthouse on the eastern tip of Moon. Prior to the constructing of the lighthouse a dock was built along the eastern tip and then a road from the dock to where the lighthouse was to be erected 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,106 It required approximately one year to complete the dock, road and lighthouse. Upon completion of the aforementioned project the Japanese commenced build- ing caves, gun emplacements, and a searchlight plat- form. Six gun emplacements were built. The guns appeared to me to have an eight or nine inch bore. These installations "ere all in the immediate vicin- ity of the lighthouse. During November of 1939 on the mountain of Uitibium the Japanese dug a concrete em- placement similar to a hut in which they installed radar and erected two gun emplacements for the in- stallation of five or six inch guns and two smaller ones for anti-aircraft. In the same section two platforms were constructed and searchlights placed thereon. Two caves were dug into the mountain and ammunition stored therein. Upon the completion of this project in 194-0 further development thereabouts was unkown to us because it was then made a prohibited area. On the eastern end. of the island a radio sta- tion was installed during 1939. This building was constructed of concrete. In 1940 on the northwest tip of the island the Japanese commenced building an airstrip. This strip was completed after December 1941. On the southwestern tip of the island at the same time another airstrip was under construction and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,107 completed after December 1941. In 1Q40 on the north- western tip of the island on the side of the mountain close to the airfield two gun emplacements were con- structed and runs installed there. They appeared to me to have eight or .nine inch bores, also a platform rnd searchlight was installed there. "Q r~ere any revetments built along the airstrip prior to December 1941? "A. On the airfield on the southwestern tip one was built before December 1941. 11Q. "When were all the pill boxes along the shore of Koon Island constructed? "A. After December 1941. l,Q. I notice on the mountain of Uitibium m^ny big guns, machine guns, range finder, cave housed flat trajectory guns, and anti-aircraft guns, other than the ones already mentioned by you 3 when were these constructed? "A. After December 1941, I believe for we were not allowed to go there after the initial construction in 1939 and 1940. "Q. I notice on the southern tip, slightly in rear of the airfield3 anti-aircraft guns, cave housed guns, and machine guns; when were these placed there? "A. After December 1941.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 'i 9,108 "Q. I notice throughout the island quite a few barracks to house the army and navy; -when were they constructed? "A. ;fter December 194-1. "Q» How many Japanese trooDS were here before December 1941? "A. A great number of Japanese personnel were here on the island? and they had seme barracks here at that time also, most were built after December 194-1, "Q. Do you know of any installations built on any islands in the immediate vicinity of Hoon? "A. Yes." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,109 THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT; Prosecution's document No. 6013 will receive exhibit No. 894. (Whereupon, the document above mentioned was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 894 and received in evidence.) THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Brannon. MR. BRANNON: Document No. 6013 contains the name on the first page of the alleged affiant as M-i-l-o. I point out this discrepancy because of the nature of this evidence, and I also wish to call to the Court's attention that in this document, which is called an affidavit — I withdraw that last statement. I omitted a paragraph in the reading here. I offer no objection to this, but wish to call it to the Tribunal's attention as an obvious discrepancy. THE PRESIDENT: Probably M-i-l-o is phonetic. BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: Mr. President, looking at the original, which is a typed document, apparent- ly the deponent knew better how to spell his name than the person who did the typing. Although in the first instance it is spelled as M-i-l-o, it is also typed after the actual signature and there it is plain i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,110 from the original that "a,f has been inserted be- tween "M" and "i," a correction made necessary by their seeing how he wrote his own name. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,111 "Q. State what you know of your own knowledge about those installations. "A. On the island of Mor during 194-0 a con- crete reinfoieed dock was built. Two gun emplace- ments were constructed and guns installed thereon, appearing to be about three inches in diameter. Also buildings were built for the men and one searchlight was installed there. Telep.-- ae communication was in- stalled between that island and No n. The island has flat terrain and in one section a lookout tower was built. "Qo Were there any other installations built on this island? "Ae No, "Q. On what other islands you know of install- ations being placed? "A. On the island of Pisemeu during 1940. The exact construction was made there as took place on Mor." I offer in evidence I„P„So Document No. 6001, being the deposition of Joseb IJerbelau. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF TT'E COURT : Prosecution's docu- ment No. 6001 will receive exhibit No. 895. (Whereupon, the document above men- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,112 1 tiored was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 895 and received in evidence). BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt: "Dated: 26 February 1946 "1. Q. What is your name? A. JOSEB UTRBELAU "2. 0. What is your date of birth? A. 1908, I do not know the day. "3. Q. Where were you born? A. NGERBECKED, KOROR ISLAND, PALAU.. _ "4. Q. What is your present home address? A. NGEREMID, KOROR ISLAND, PALAU. "5« Q« What is your occupation? A. I am t.a native Chief of Police for mil- itary government on KOROR ISLAND. "9. Q. Do you 'mow of construction of forti- fications or military installations prior to Dec- ember, 1941? A. Yes. "10.Q. Do you know the type of installation, the place of construction, and the date concerned? A. I know of a gun emplacement constructed at NGEREMLENGUI, BABELTKUAP, in 1939- "11.Q. Did you witness this construction? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,113 A. Yes, "12.Q. Did you work on it? A. No. "13.Q. Did you see the gun in the finished emplacement? A. No, the area was restricted by the Jap- anese after its completion. "14.Q. Was forced native labor used on the gun emplacement on BABELTFUAP? A. Yes. "15* Q. How do you know this was a gun emplace- ment? A. I saw the gun being brought from a boat at NGEREMLENC-UT Harbor to the area of the gun emplacement. "16.Q. Do you have knowledge of construction work before 1941 other than that mentioned? A. No. "50.Q. Do you have knowledge of other incidents of forced native labor and if so relate same? A. The gun emplacement at NOREMDIU, URU- I'TKAPFL was constructed with ^orced native labor. "51.Q. When did this take place? A. In February, 1941. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,114 "52.Q. Previously you said the construction of the gun emplacement on BABFLTHUAP was the only fortification or military installation that you your- self knew was built before December, 1941. Is the date February 1941, correct? A. Yes, it is correct. When I answered before I did not know what you meant. "53.Q. Did you work there? A. Yes." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,115 "54. Q Who ordered von to work there? A The PALAUAN Government, r brrnch of rn su.bordinr.te orgrnizrtion of the South . Sers Government, "55. Q Whr.t rre the inclusive drtes of this period, of Irbor? A February 1941 -;o July 1941. "65. Q Did you see them plr.ee the gun in the eraplrcement you worked or..? A Yes, I srw them rnd helped the Nrvy Gonzokus put the gun in plr.ee. The gun moved rround rnd up rnd down while I srt on it. I offer in evidence- I.P.S. document No. 6002, being the deposition of AUKST RIUMD. THE PRESIDENTS Admitted on the usurl terms CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6002 will receive exhibit No. 896, (Whereupon, the document rbove mentioned wr.s mrrked prosecution's exhibit No. 895 rnd received in evidence,,) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will rerd rn excerpt "1. Q Whr.t is your nrme? A Aukst Riumd. "2. q Whr.t is to^r Arte of birth? A March 24, 1 9 1 3 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,116 "3* Q Where were you born? A At MELEKEIOK village on BABELTHUAP Island. Q What is your present hone address? A NGEREMID Villr.ge, KOROR Island, Palau. "5. Q What is your present occupation? A I am a native policeman for Military Government on KOROR Island. "9. Q Do you know of the construction of fortifications or military installations by the JAPANESE prior to December, 1941? A Yes. "10. Q Do vcu know the type of installation, the place of construction, and the date concerned? A I know of a. gun emplacement constructed ct OIGUL Village, BABELTHUAP, in 1939. "11. Q Did you work on it? A No, I did not work on the emplacement. I was a. supervisor of native labor called in to do the manual labor. The natives were ordered to do the ^ork. "12. Q Who ordered this v-ork? A A vice-admiral of the JAPANESE Navy, not Admiral IT'O. "13. Q Was this a written order? 9,117 . A Yes, the written order wrs brought to the villr.ge chief by r navy man and the chief in turn ordered the natives to work. "14. Q Did this order state there would be punishment for those who did not comply with it? A .Yes, the order said the gun emplace- ment was to be finished by ? certain date and we want so many natives. Those failing to report will be punished. "15. Q Did you see this order? A Yes, the village chief showed the order to me. "16. Q Do you have the order? A I!o, the Navy man took it away with him after the chief and I had seen it, "17. Q Can you describe the vice-admiral who issued this order? A I cannot describe him. I know that he left these islands in 1939. _"18. Q Did you supervise the entire construction of this gun emplacement? A No, I supervised the natives who carried boxes to the gun emplacement. "19. Q Did forced native labor build the gun emplacement? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A No, the Nrvy Gonzokus built it. "20. Q Did you see the contents of m y of the boxes the nrtives carried to the gun emplrcement? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U 12 13. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,119 "A. No, I did not see the contents. The natives carried the supplies to the site of the gun emplacement which had not been built at that time. "21. Q. Did you see the completed gun em- placement? "A. Yes, but the gun was not in it yet. "22. Q. Do you remember what date this was? "A. No, only that it was 1939. • "23. Q. Did you see the gun placed in this fortification? "A. No, I aid not see a gun placed there but later in March 194-4, I saw a gun there. "36. Q. Besides the above mentioned gun em- placement, do you know of other fortifications constructed prior to December 1941? "A. Yes, I worked on the PELELIU Air- field from January 1936 to March 1936. "37. Q. iere you forced to do this work? "A. Yes, I was ordered by the South Seas Government Officer, KAJISHIMA, to take the place of a man who became sick. • " 3 8 . Q. Was this a written order? " A. i e s. "39. Q. Do you still have this order? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,120 "A. No, I returned it when I reported for work, "40. 'Q. What did the order say? "A. It read, 'On (date) you, HIUMD, report and bring this order to the South Seas Government Officer, KAJISHIMA. If you fail to do so, you will be punished., "41. Q. Can you describe this man KAJISHIMA? "A. He was a civilian who worked for the South Seas Government. "42. Q. What type of work did you do during this period? "A. I carried stones and dug holes to place the dynamite in. "48. Q. Were there any airplanes in the area at that time? "A. No, the airfield wasn't finished. "49, Q. Were there any gun or fortifications around this area? "A. No. "51. Q. Besides the above mentioned informa- tion, do you know of ?ny other fortifications or mili- tary installations constructed prior to December, 1941? 9,121 1 "A. I have heard ef others but these 2 were the only ones I worked on." 3 I offer in evidence I.P.S. Document No. 6012, 4 being the deposition of ICHIRO MOSES. 5 THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. 6 CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document 7 No. 6012 will receive exhibit No. 897. 8 (Whereupon, the document above mentioned 9 WES'. '• 1 j, ; + t ' ^ • marked'"Prosecution- s Exhibit No. P<97 and 10 received in evidence.) 11 I will nor read an excerpt from the deposition: 12 "Taken at: Moen Island, Truk and Central 13 Carolines • 14 "Date: February 23, 194-6. 15 "Q. State your name, permanent home address, 16 and occupation. 17 "A. Ichiro Moses, assistant chief, Uman Island. 18 "Q. How long have you lived on the island of 19 Uman? 20 21 22 "A. Forty-five years. "Q. How long have you been living in the Truk Atoll? 23 24 "A. Forty-five years. 25 "Q. Have you any knowledge of fortifications or military installations constructed by the Japan- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,122 ese on Uman Island prior to December 1941? "A. Yes. "Q. State what you know of your own know- ledge about the installations. "A. In 1939 on the southern section of Uman Island the Japanese commenced building roads end fortifications. Houses were built to billet troops, a searchlight was installed, emplacements for big guns built, and two big guns and four small ones, installed. They dug a cave, reinforced it with con- crete, and stored ammunition therein. This construc- tion was under the direction of the navy. The officer in charge of the troops billeted there was Taicho. Second in command was Buntaisi. During 194-0, prior to December of that year, on the island of Otto, eight miles south of Uman, the Japanese Navy erected a wharf, houses, installed a searchlight, two guns with bores of about two or three inches in diameter, and several machine guns were installed. During 1941, prior to December of that year, on the island of Salat, eight miles east of Uman, the Japanese Navy constructed a wharf, houses, installed a search- light, two guns with bores appearing to be about three inches in diameter, and erected a radio station. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,123 "Q. Were all the guns In the southern part of Uman Installed in 1939, 194-0, and prior to December 1941? "A. Yes. "Q. In the construction of the buildings what material did they use? "A. For the buildings they used concrete foundation ana the rest was lumber. The cave was concrete reinforced and all emplacements were con- crete based. "Q. How many caves did they build before the war? "A. Only one. "Q. Did you see ammunition stored in^the cave before the war? "A. Yes. !,Q. Did they have a great quantity of am- munition there? "A. Yes. "Q. What was the size of the cave? "A. Twenty-four feet long, twelve feet wide, and nine feet high, and this cave was full of ammunition and provisions, mostly ammunition. "Q. Before December 1941 did the Japan- ese ever practice shooting their big guns? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,124 "A. Only to test them. "Q. Was the searchlight built into a cave? "A. It was built on a platform and covered over with canvas. "Q. Did they have any other equipment close to the searchlight? "A. They had a range finder. "Q. On the Island of Otta what d.id they have there beside guns and searchlights? "A. They had a warehouse there in which they kept ammunition and provisions. "Q. Did you see the provisions and ammun- itions? "A. Yes. "Q. What did they have on the island of Salat beside the searchlight and guns? I 2 3 4' 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,125 "A. A warehouse for ammunition and provisions. "Q. Was all this construction on Otta and Salat prior to December 1941? "A. Yes. "Q. During 1939, 1940, and 1941, prior to the war, did the Japanese ever mention waging a war against the United States? "A. Yes. "Q. What did they say? "A. We are going to install fortifications and military installations before we start the war a- gainst the United States. "Q. Did you have to furnish help for the con- struction on the island of Otta? "A. We were forced to furnish thirty men during 1939 for the construction on Otta for approximately five months. These men were paid eighty sen per day. "Q. Did you have to furnish help for the con- struction on the island of Salat? "A. We were forced to furnish thirty men per day for construction of installation on the island of Salat for approximately six months. The men re- ceived eighty sen per day." I offer in evidence I.P.S. Document No. 6014, being the deposition of Sona Monukit. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,126 THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's Document No. 6014 will receive exhibit No. 898. (Whereupon, the document above men- tioned was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 898 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now'read an excerpt: "Taken at: Moen Island, Truk and "Central Car- ol inas. "Date: February 25, 1946. "Q. State your name, permanent home address, and occupation. "A. Sona Monukit, assistant chief, Tol Island. "Q. How long have you lived on the island of Tol? "A. Forty-eight years. "Q. How long have you been living in the Truk Atoll? "A. Forty-eight years. "Q. Have you any knowledge of fortifications or military installations constructed by the Japanese on the island of Tol prior to December 1941? "A. Yes. "Q. State what you know of your own knowledge 9,127 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 about these installations. "A. During 1939 on the southwest section of South Tol a road was built from the dock to the top of the hill. Around the edges of the top of the hill three gun emplacements were installed and three guns appearing to be about eight inches in diameter in- stalled there. A platform was erected and a search- light affixed thereon. A reinforced concrete cave in which ammunition was stored was dug in the side of the hill. Two barracks were built for the Japanese soldiers. During 1940 on the northern tip of North Tol a concrete wharf was constructed and a road from the wharf to the top of the mountain. At the top of the mountain one barrack and two warehouses were built. A concrete platform was built and a search- light placed thereon. Two gun emplacements were con- structed and guns installed appearing to be about four or five inches in diameter and a radio station built." I offer in evidence I.P.S. Document No. 6015, being the deposition of ATER ERA. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's docu- ment No. 6014 will receive exhibit No. 899. (whereupon, the document above men- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,128 tioned was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 899 and received in evidence). BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from ATER ERA'S deposition. "Taken at: Moen Island, Truk and Central Carolines. "Date: February 25, 194-6. "Q, S£ate your name, permanent home address, and occupation. "A. Ater Era, chief, Fefan Island. "Q. How long have you lived on the island of Fefan? "A. Forty-nine years. "Q. How long have you been living in the Truk Atoll? "A. Forty-nine years. "Q. Have you any knowledge of fortifications or military installations constructed by the Japanese on Fefan Island prior to December 1941? "A. Yes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,129 ,!Q State what you know of your own knowledge about the installations. !1A On the island ofFefen during the year of 1940 the Japanese con* ruetod a road from the dock on the co.ut side of tho island to the top of tho mountain. Emplacements for two guns wore built and guns appearing to have bores of about five inches wero installed. A searchlight was placed there on a platform and a generator placed inside a -small build- ing. Throe large buildings wero erected, one used as a barracks and two for warehouses, "Q Do you know the names of any of the persons in command or in charge while the building was going on prior to December 1941? "A Iwai, Japanese Navy, was one of the officers in charge during that period," I offer in evidence I,F.S. Document No. 6016, being tho deposition of -MICHUO 1IACBJJ0, TEE PRESIDENT: Admitted on tho usual terms, CLERK OP THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6016 will receive exhibit No. 900. (Whereupon, the document above mentioned was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 900 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER OTLLIAJI: I will now read an 9,130 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 excerpt from the deposition. "Taken at: Moen Island, Truk and Central Carolines. "Date: February 25, 1946. "Q. State your name, permanent home-address, and occupation? "A. Michuo Nachuo, chief, Dublon Island. "Q. HOY; long hove you lived on the island of Dublon? About twenty-five years. How long have you been living in the Truk "A. "Q. Atoll? "A, »Q. Twenty-five years. Have you m y knowledge of fortifications or military installations constructed by the Japanese on this island prior to December 1941? - "A. Yes. "Q. State what you know of your ovm knowledge about the installations. "A. About the middle of 1941 on the island of Dublon on the east side on top of a hill the Japanese commenced cor. "'traction. They built two barracks, two warehouses, and one radar station. Concrete emplacements were set and three guns, appearing to be six-inch guns, were installed there. A platform was erected and a searchlight placed there, 1 2 3 "4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9130 "On the south side of Dublon a fuel dump was established. Close to the fuel dump one large cave was dug and concrete reinforced. "This was used to store ammunition and pro- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,131 visions. No other fortifications or military instal- lations were Greeted prior to December 1941, "Q, Do you recall any other installations estab- lished before December 1941? "A A lookout tower was built before December 1941 and wireless communication established with Japan. "Q, Do you know of any military installations and fortifications constructed before December 1941 ! on other islands thereabout? !! A Y-̂ n .ii x o a . :,Q What island? "A Eton. "Q, What was built there? "A During 1937 on the island of Lten the Japan- ese built an airfield. A platform was erected and a searchlight placed there. A concrete emplacement for one large gun was constructed end n gun about five- inches in diameter was placed thereon. They also in- stalled machine guns, a radar station, and dug three caves, reinforced them with concrete and stored ammuni- tion and pro via ion s in the caves." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,132 Tho next seven depositions, nay it please the Tribunal, arc made by residents of islands in the Marshall group. I offer in evidence IPS Document No. 6030, being the deposition of Ferdinand Z. Smiz. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6030 will receive exhibit No. 901. (Whereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 901 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAH: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition of Ferdinand Z. Smiz; "Date, 14 March 194-6. "I, Ferdinand Z. Smiz of Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands, being duly sworn, depose and say that I am now employed as an interpreter at Naval Air Base No. 3234, MaJure Atoll. I was attending school in Japan until 1938 when I returned to the Marshall Islands, Jaluit Atoll. "Affiant further states that in August, 1938, he went to Wotje Atoll and was employed as an assis- tant to a surveyor who was taking measurements of the different islands. The Japanese commenced con- struction on the airfield at Wotje in June 1939. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,133 About fifty Japanese laborers worked on this job. The complement the?> celled for three officers and * five chiefs. Three hundred natives were hired to construct a Japanese prison camp. Natives were paid one yen a day. Construction of the prison camp was completed in October, 1939, nnd the s?ae month prisoners came from Japan to finish their sentences in the Wotje prison camp. After the arrival ofthe Japanese prisoners all native labor with the excep- tion of ten men and five women were returned to ORNEY island, Totjo Atoll. "Affiant further says that in November, 1939, all trees on rrotje island, Wotje Atoll were cut down so that the airfield could be constructed. About this time all prisoners (over two thousand) were returned to Japan ana about one thousand Koreans and about two thousand Japanese laborers arrived at Wotje to continue the work on the airstrip. Native laborers were again drafted through the headmen of each island. "Affiant further says that he saw large quantities of cement, asphalt and other construction material being delivered at Totje island, ,rrotje Atoll for use on the airstrip." I offer in evidence IPS document No. 6032, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,134 being the deposition of ABISA. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6032 will receive exhibit No. 902. (Whereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 902 and received in evidence. BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I will now read an excerpt from the deposition of Abisa: "I, ABISA, of Imej Island, Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Islands, being duly sworn, depose and say that I am now employed at the Native Labor Unit, Naval Air Base, Navy No. 3234. In 1938 the Japanese hired natives to cut trees on IMEJ island, Jaluit Atoll to make a place for the air field. There were two divisions of native working parties. One would work on gun emplacements and the other on the nier. These would be rotated. The Japanese Navy paid Yen 1.50 per day and the Japanese Company Yen 1.20 a day. The Company was in charge of all supplies for the Japanese Navy and supplied natives to work for the Japanese Navy. Before the war the natives that were paid Yen 1.50 a day had to buy their own food. Others were given food by the Navy." I offer in evidence IPS document No. 6031, being 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 .8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 i 9,135 the deposition of LANEN. THE' PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6031 will receive exhibit No. 903. (Whereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution'^ exhibit No. 903 2nd rece 1 ved in <37idence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: I till..now read an excerpt: "Date, 16 March 1946. "I, LANEN, Maloelap Atoll, Marshall Islands, being duly sowrn, depose and say that I am now em- ployed in the Native Labor Unit, Naval Air Base, Navy No. 3234. In 1939 I was living on Maloelap Atoll and in that year three hundred Japanese and four officers came to Tarawa Island on Maloelap. They nut to work fifty natives to remove trees for an airfield. A little later five hundred more Japanese came from Jaoan. Eighty more natives were given work. The Japanese made the natives work from 6.00 AM to 5.00 PM for 85 sen a day. The natives worked at cutting down trees and making concrete. The trees were carried by four men to a specific place. Natives were also used to carry heavy loads of sand from the beach to the air strip. If the native did not work to suit the Japan- ese he would be beaten. The Japs sent people with 9,136 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 broken limbs to the hospital but those who had internal injuries were not taken care of at the hospital. The airfield was finally completed in 1941 but barracks for the soldiers and other buildings were not completed." I offer in evidence IPS document No. 6029, being the deposition of AJIDRIK. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 6029 will receive exhibit No. 904. (^'hereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 904 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: (Reading) "Date, 15 March 1946. "I, AJIDRIK, of Laura Island, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands, being duly sworn, depose and say that I am employed as an Interpreter at Naval Air Base, Navy No. 3234-. In the year 1940 I was living on Laura Island, Majuro Atoll. In that year the Japanese started to cut down trees on RITA, Island, Majuro Atoll to make an airfield. The Japanese did not pay for the trees they destroyed ?s they promised to do. This air- field was never completed. About the middle of 1941 the Japanese started to take all men from Majuro Atoll to Mille, Malloelap and Jaluit Atolls to work on the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,137 bases. Force was used, in securing labor and those who did not wish to go wer told that they would be put in prison or they would be threatened with a beating." » I offer in evidence IT~S document Mo. 6010, being the deposition of JOEANIZ. TEE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT; Prosecution's document No. 6010 will receive exhibit No. 905. (Whereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 905 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAHs (Reading) "Kerch 12, 1946. "l.Q. State your name and title. Johaniz, Chief of Eniwetok tribe, Lniviretok Atoll. "2.Q Have you been Chief of your tribe from January 1941 to the present time? "A Yes. "3.Q. When did the Japanese marines arrive on this atoll. "A In January, 1942. "4.0. 1?nen did the Japanese navy arrive. "A April 27, 1941." I offer in evidence IPS document No. 6011, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,138 being the deposition of ABREAM. THE PRESIDENT; Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE C0T"RTs Prosecution's document No. 6011 will receive exhibit No. 906. (Whereupon, the document sbeve referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 906 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILlIAM: (Reading) "Date, 12 March 1946. "l.Q State your name and title. "A Abream, Chief of Engebi tribe, Eniwetok /toll. / « "2.Q Have you been Chief of your tribe from January 1941 to the present time. "A Yes. "3.Q vhen did the Japanese Marines arrive on this atoll. "A In January, 1942. "4.Q. When did the Japanese Navy arrive. "A Arpil 27, 1941." As the last deposition, I offer in evidence IPS document No. <028, being the deposition of LAJINA. THF PRESIDENT? /dmitted on the usual terms. CL. RK OF THE CO'RT: Prosecution's document No. 6028 will receive exhibit No. 907. 9,139 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ('"'hereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 907 and received in evidence.) BRIGADIER QUILLIAMs (Reading) "Date, 16 March 1946. "I, LAJINA, of Mille Island, Mille Atoll, Marshall Islands, being duly sworn, depose and say that I am now employed at the Native Labor Unit, Naval /ir Base, Navy No. 3234. I was living on Mille Island, Mille / toll in 1941 when in June of that year the Japan- ese brought 3000 Koreans and Japanese laborers there and started to builcl an airfield. First they cut down the trees. Native labor was used for which the Japan- ese paid 85 sen a day. Native labor was used to cut down trees, mix concrete and to unload the ships which brought all kinds of material from Japan." That concludes the depositions and I will now offer in evidence IPS document No. 2378A. THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Logan. MR. LOGAN: If the Tribunal please, may the record show that prosecution's exhibits 883 to 907, inclusive, are affidavits and not depositions as characterized by the prosecution? THE PRESIDENT: According to the Australian terminology, those in the form of questions and 9,140 7 10 answers would be depositions, but what does it matter? MR. LOOM: According to our practice, as £*our Honor may know, a deposition is a document where both 4 sides appear and each asks questions. An affidavit is 5 just where one makes the interrogations. 6 THE PRESIDENT: Ordinarily a deposition is taken before s magistrate. 8 BRIGADIER Q'TILLIAM: I will now offer in 9 evidence prosecution's document No. 2378A. This is a file of correspondence which was obtained from the n office it Honolulu of the well-known Japanese Shipping 12 Company generally known as the N.Y.K. The file, which !3 comprises correspondence between the Head Office of 14 the Company and the Company's Branches, refers to the 15 policy adopted by the Company under secret instructions 16 from the Japanese Navy and Foreign Ministries of refus- 17 ing to carry non-Japanese nationals to the Mandated 18 Islands. 19 THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. 20 CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document 21 No. 2378A will receive exhibit No. 908. 22 (Whereupon, the document above referred 23 to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 908 and 24 received in evidence.) 25 BRIGADIER OUILLIAM: I will now read the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 1 4 1 correspondence, excluding, however, the descriptions of the writers of the letters and the offices to which they were addressed, but identifying the letters by their numbers and dates. I should like to direct attention, if the Tribunal please, to the certificate of Commander Maxon attached to the document showing how the documents came into possession of the International Prosecution Section. THE PRESIDENTS I suggest you read them after tiie recess, Brigadier. We will recess now for fifteen minutes. (whereupon, at 1445, a recess was taken until 1500, after which the proceedings were resumed as follows:) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,142 MARSHAL OF THE COURT: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East is now resumed. THE PRESIDENT: Brigadier Cuilliam. BRIGADIER QUILLIAM: May it please the Tri- bunal, I will proceed with the reading of the cor- respondence in exhibit — in the N.Y.K. file. "No. 185, March 28, 1933. "Re: Deferring the booking of passengers de- siring to go to places in Inner South Seas Area. "Lately, there has been a tendency toward the increase in the number of foreigners deciding to go to the islands in the Inner South Seas area, but since the facilities of this line are not only not suited in many respects to accommodate foreign passengers, but also the hotel facilities of the South Seas area, in general, are net suited to accommodate foreigners and since considerable incorveniences are apt to be experienced in case of stop-overs because of the poor shinning connections (besides, occidental meals aboard ships of this line may be wholly abolished), we would like to advise you not to book any foreign passenger, if possible, for the South Seas line until further notice. "If obliged to do so, secretly inform whoever is in charge to accept applications only after they have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,14-3 been first approved by the proper authorities." "#115 "Oct. 14, 1935' "Re? Ban against accepting foreign passengers for South Seas line. "We acknowledge receipt of your wire, dated October 73 as follows? tit please reserve 1st class 2 outside two- berth cabins I asuga Maru 12th December from Yokohama Jaluit thence to Palao also Yamashiro Maru 17th Janu- ary "alao Menado.' "We believe that the above was made in reference to the schedule of last year, but in reply, we sent the following wire, dated the 11th, as follows? I '"Referring to ycur telegram of 7th N.Y.K. South Sea Island Line no accommodation available until March.' "As you have already received it, we believe that • you understand it. "As indicated in the Passenger Department's out Passenger, South Seas Branch -J-'l85, dated March 28, 1933 (copy sent to you), every effort is being made not to accept foreign passengers for this line. Taking this into consideration, we suggest that you politely refuse this application. "This is to affirm receipt of your telegram. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 • 13 14 15 16 . 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 1 4 4 "As an actual problem, in accenting a foreigner, even if he is a resident of the South Seas, it is necessary for us to give notice of his name, age, occupation, nationality and so forth, to the South Seas Government, which confers with the Navy and Foreign Ministries and directs "S either to accept or not to accept the application. "Such being the case, we cannot accept any appli- cation unless approved by the proper authorities. As indicated in the aforementioned letter, we -advised you 'to secretly inform whoever is in charge- to accept applications only after they have- been first approved by the proper authorities.1 Hence, appli- cation merely by wire is of no use and even if an application is accompanied by a detailed letter, is not certain that the approval of the proper author- ities c-n always be obtained. Instead, it is believed that they have been rejected in the majority of cases. "Although there may be some business reasons, it would be wise to make it a general rule not to book any passenger for the South Seas line at agencies abroad. "As reference, we are sending "ou a co^y of Passenger, South Seas Branch -185." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,14-5 "#121 "Oct. 26, 1935 "Re; Shins sailing in February and March, 1936, on South Seas line. "In regard to the above, we acknowledge receipt of the inquiry from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions of Boston through your letter dated September 28. "However, as indicated in the circular, nassenger, South Seas Branch ̂ 185, dated March 28, 1933? we have adopted a policy of net accenting foreign passengers for this line and since the schedule is of practically no use as a schedule because of the frequent changes, we have stopped sending schedules of this line to our foreign agencies, lately. However, we ar sending you a copy for reference. "Through circular. Passenger, South Seas Branch fll5, dated the 14-th of this month and addressed to employees of Chic-go (copies sent to all branch officers in America), we advised that all overseas branches make it a. general rule not to handle passen- gers for this like, but since the missionaries of the American Board, Boston, which has made the inquiry, engage in missionary work throughout the South Sea Islands and frequently make round trins between Japan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,146 and the islands. Rev. Harold Hackett, representa- tive of the above-mentioned American Missionary society in Japan and residing in Kobe, handles their passages. He seems to have a considerable number of friends in the government offices concerned. Hence, even if you do not handle their booking, we are sure that they will not experience any inconvenience. r'e are mention- ing this for your reference. "Furthermore, since the matter concerning South Seas line and foreign passengers is a very delicate problem and the actual reasons cannot be frankly re- vealed to the foreign agents, who thus might make useless and irrelevant inquiries, it is suggested that you make arrangements to have only Japanese employees handle problems pertaining to the South Seas line and foreign, passengers and to have all corres- pondence written in Japanese." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,147 "#129 "Hovoiabor 4, 1955 "Re: Ban against booking occidental passengers for South S eas line. "As stated in the circular, Passenger, South Seas Branch {-185, dated March 23, 1953, no foreign passenger is to be booked for this lino, if possible. However, there has been a trend, lately, for two or three branches abroad to apply for cabin reservations by Tiro or to order English schedules of this line for distribution. He; ce, wc are again listing the reasons for the difficulty of booking foreign passen- gers for this line and seeking your cooperation in this non-acceptance policy. 1. General reason.- "The :.noals aboard ships of this lino are of Jppaness standard and will not satisfy foreigners because only Japanese foods arc served, breakfasts and suppers. Also, there are no hotel facilities in the South Seas, in general, to accommodate foreigners. ,!2, Special reasons (secret). "The year before last, we received a sccrc-t ordor from the South Seas Government office to tho effect that if an application for passage aboard this lino is received from a foreigner, regardless of the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,148 fact that ho is a resident of the South Seas, said application should not be accepted until his name, age, residence, occupation and so forth have been re- ported to and approved by the said government office, "V7ith the receiving of the above-mentioned report, the South Seas Government confers with the Navy and Foreign Ministries and directs us either to accept or not to accent the application, but to ob- tain approval appears not to be an easy task, for absolutely no foreigner, regardless of whether he Is a resident of the South Seas or not, is accepted during naval maneuvers (which sometime last over several trips). "From the standpoint of national policy, the above measure is necessary, but since the authorities concerned cannot directly handle the policy of approv- ing (or disapproving) entry of foreigners to the is- lands because of the international situation, their entry is being controlled indirectly through our firm although it is a great deal of trouble to us. Besides, since the schedule for this line Is often changed for governmental reasons, the schedule is apt to be of no use. Such being the case, it may cause you some dif- ficulties in dealing with your clients, but it would be a wise policy for agencies, particularly those in 9,149 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 far off pin cos, not to hr.nd.lo passengers for the South Sons lino. "The above being the case, we desire all publicity in regard to this line cancelled, have stopped the publication of the English schedule (List No. 12) and the English guide (last No. 53) of this line. Since the mentioning of the latter in this de- partment's English circular, P. Ad, No. 77, dated March 15 of this year, and pertaining to the necessary amount of advertisement and printed, matter for next (this) year, was a mistake, please abstract it from your copies, "Since the above mentioned special reasons are matters that should not be revealed to your foreign passenger agents and since without this infor- mation they cannot bo cxp ctod to carry out their work fully in dealing with passengers, it Is sugges- ted that you make arrangements to have only Japcn esc employees handle problems pertaining to foreign pas- sengers for the South Sees line and to have all cor- respondence written out in Japanese," u#347 "July 28, 1936 "Re: Advertisement of South Seas Lino in August issuo of Travel Bulletin, i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,150 "As wo have "boon repeatedly directed to re- fuse all applications for passage on the South Seas lino when applied for by foreign passengers, wo find it difficult to understand the reasons for tho publi- city given to conditions in South Sea Islands and tho ships with excellent passenger facilities in tho Travel Bullotin, our magazine for foreigners, As • long as there is no special reason, wo would like to request that arrangement be made to withhold publico- tion of items pertaining to this line in the future, "Today, for example, a pas-en0^r desiring to book passa gc on that line appeared at our office. We had a difficult time in dealing with him and oven our foreign agent, regretting his inability to supply sufficient informatics in spito of tho existence of such a now line, suggested that we send a wire to you inquiring about the schedule and tho existence of vacancies, 11 However, explaining to him tho useless- ness of sending such c wire bocm so of tho frequent chango of schedule of tho srid line according to con- ditions in Japan, the complete booking of cabins by Japanese passengers on every voyage, the existence of no hotel facilities in the South Seas and the pre- paration of meals aboard ship according to Japanese taste, I refused the application of the said passenger."; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, I don't think I need read that letter, may- it please the Tribunal. I will just refer to the reference in the last paragraph. (Reading): "Mo. 50, April 8, 2>937. "Re: Mailing of revised South Seas line pas- senger rate schedule. "The revised passenger rate schedule for this route, which has been sent to and is awaiting the approval of the South Seas government at present, is being sent to you (one set enclosed, ten sets under separate cover), Hence, use it as stated below, as though it had been approved. However, for caution's sake, we would like to add that the out trip rates for Osaka-Kobe-Moji-Yokohama run of all lines and the out trip rates for the Osaka-Kobe-Moji-Kulttng-Naba run and the return trip rates for the Naka-Kobe run of the Saipan line have not been changed and are the same as stated in the notification, Passenger, South Seas Branch j,"183, dated December 21, 1936." I will omit the next paragraph and go on to the last. (Reading): "To overseas branches: "The above is being diseminated for reference, and the restriction against accepting foreign pass- engers has not been changed, as notified previously." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,1^2 "Wo. 211, Mar. 13, 1939. "He: Ban against accepting foreign passengers for South Sea line. "In regard to this matter, instructions were given in Passenger, South Seas Branch v"l85, dated March 28, 1933, and in Passenger, South Seas Branch, #129, dated November 4, 1935, hut in view of the current trend of increase in the number of foreigners desiring passage to Inner South Sea Islands, it is desirod that further attention be given to the fol- lowing items; "1. As a general principle, do not accept foreigners for this route. If a foreigner is to be accepted, send in the application with the details of the Passenger Department of the main office for approval. "2. AS reasons for refusal, state that the ships on this route are not equipped to accomodate foreigners in regard to facilities and meals and that there are no vacancies at present. "3. Point out the fact that there is no hotel equipped to accomodate foreigners in the Inner South Seas Area. "4. When information is obtained in regard to foreign passengers planning to tour Inner South Seas, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 refer to this directive and notify the branch offices concerned." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9, Further evidence of Jarar.'s policy of excluding foreign nationals from the Islands ana, it is submitted, of the military m o naval preparations - hi eh she was rakin? there, is contained in rag?s 65 and 66 of Court exhibit l.o. 56. Th-se are papers relating to the foreign relations of the Unit-e States and Jaran. I will reec, if the Tribunal rleases, those pages. "Tel-gram "The secretary of ctete to the Ambassador in Oaran (Grew). (Paraphrase). """ashing ton, time 13, 1936. "For several years no'. tve C-cvrnrort of Jaran has requested each ye?j.r that the American Government ex- tend facilities ir. its territorial waters off the Alaskan coasts to two Javanese Government s'-irs and rerrit their entry into harbors ir Alaska are in the Aleutian Islands that are not oren, or- irarily, to foreign corrarcs. In the case of one of the vessels in cuastion it was stated that it? purpose in visiting these waters and harbors w-s tVa raking of studies in connection with protection of fur-bearing seals; in the case of the second vess-1, how- ever, it was not suggested that the visits would be race on basis of any treaty or formal arranger-nt between the American Govamrert and the C-ovrnrent of Jaran. The Governrcnt of the Unit-o States has acceded, nevertheless, 9,155 to the requests of the Covcrrrort of Jar an ir this regara. "A strong undercurrent of suspicion ana con- jecture has existed for sore ti^a past over harbor developments or fortifications in ro sessions which both Jar an and the United States have ir. the Pacific, ro objection to the visits 02 Japanese Gov~rnr ent vessels to the territorial waters ana closed, harbors of .laska has been rade by this Government, as it was believed that the opportunities which were or en ir this way for observation by Japanese vessels woula s-rve to rerove any susricion which the Government 01 Jar an ?:' ~ht hold that ary irrrovcrer.ts have been made of such a nature as would violate either the letter of the sririt of the naval treaty signed or. February 6, 1922. "In our view, it is unfortunate that the Gov- ern- cnt of Jaran so far has not acortao an attiture si< ilarly liberal in the- face of allegations that in the Japanese mandated islands 01 the Pacific inrroverorts are bair.c carrier out vhich are irreconcilable with Jar an'"3 treaty obligations not to fortify those is lanes, -e can understand that the Government of Jar an should be reluctant to giv any countenance to irresronsible allegations, but nevertheless, that Govrnr -r.t un- doubtedly shares with the Covernrert of tec United States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,156 the view that persistent suspicion, with regard to this ratter, is provocative of mutual distrust, ano that such suspicion, therefore, should be disralled. " I T k American c-stroyer Aider will be sent shortly to the Asiatic station according to the fcavy De- rartrcnt rlans. The Japanese Governrert will thus have pre sex:, ted to it an opportunity to e^tera to a vessel of this Gove*-nrent courtesies at th- larger unopened ports of thr Tacific mandated islands, as roll as at the oren ports. An invitation by the Government of Jaran ior the Aiden to visit those ports would have, in our or inion, highly beneficial results from the point of view of re- lations between the two nations. "I lease consider carefully and attentatively our views as we have sketched them. If no objection is perceived, please present these view's informally anc orally to the Minister f>r Foreign Affairs, putting for- ward the suggestion outlined in the foregoing paragraph as on your own initiative. "Inform the Department currently by telegraph. "Hull." "Telegram "The Ambassador in Jaran (Grew) to the Secretary of State. (paraphrase). "Tokyo, July 8, 1936. "Today I mace suggestions, as on my owr initia- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 tive, to the Minister of Foreign Affairs with regard to an invitation to the Alden to visit open and unopened ports in the Facific islands under Japanese mandate. "Marked interest was shown by the Minister in the situation as I described it, but he professed not to know anything at all about the subject. He told me that he would see what there was that could be done and that he would try to give me, before July 20, the re- sults of his inquiries. "Grew." "Telegram "The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secre- tary of State. (Paraphrase). "Tokyo, July 28, 1936. "At the request of the Vice Minister for For- eign Affairs, the counselor of the Embassy called on the Vice Minister to discuss certain questions that had been broached by the Ambassador to the Minister for Foreign Affairs. One of these questions related to the possibility of the visit by the Alden to ports in the Japanese mandated islands. This call was the only opportunity that presented itself for discussion of the matter since the visit of the Ambassador on July 8. "The Vice Minister stated that the suggestion of the Ambassador had been referred to the Ministry of Overseas Affairs but that no reply had been received. " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 KG further stated that there would probably be con- sultation with other government departments. In re- sponse to a query by the Counselor, he expressed the fear that the Foreign Office had no way of expediting the reply. "The manner of the Vice Minister was friendly, but it indicated that the Foreign Office could do nothing further. "Grew." "Telegram "The Acting Secretary of State to the Ambas- sador of Japan (Grew). (Paraphrase). "Washington, August 7, 1936. "Embassy's telegram No. 163, July 28, 1 p.m., with regard to the suggestion made relative to the Alden, the Department assumes that there is no prospect that the Japanese authorities will take favorable action. In reply to a communication from the Japanese Embassy here, the Department is today returning an adverse answer to that Embassy's request that the Jaranese Government training ship Shintoku Maru be permitted to enter a Hawaiian harbor which is not listed as a port of entry." "Phillips." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,159 i If it please the Tribunal, that is all the evidence it is proposed to tender at this stage on this aspect of the case, but Admiral Richardson in the testimony to be given by him later in the case will give some additional evidence relating to this aspect. My colleague, Captain Robinson, will now present evidence in connection with Japan's Naval Preparation for War. THE PRESIDENT: Captain Robinson. CAPTAIN ROBINSON: Mr, President and Members of the Tribunal: It is now proposed to present evi- dence to show Japanese naval preparations for wars of aggression, as charged particularly in Counts 1 to 30, and specifically in Appendix A, Section 5-a. Documentary evidence will now be presented to show Japanese naval opposition to ratification of the London Naval Limitation Treaty of 1930. I present to the clerk IPS document No. 1124. It is a book entitled "Minutes of the Committee Meetings for the Year 1930, Secretariat of the Privy Council." The certificate of the Secretary of the Privy Council is attached. I request that the clerk give to this IPS document a Court exhibit number for identification only. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 , 1 6 0 CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 1124 will receive exhibit No. 910 for identifica- tion only. (Whereupon, the document above re- ferred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 910 for identification.) CAPTAIN ROBINSON: I now offer in evidence an excerpt from this Court exhibit. The excerpt, in English text, consists of 42 pages. It is the minutes of the first to die thirteenth meetings of the In- vestigation Comm.".t-tee for the Ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930. The dates of the meetings extend from 18 August 1930 to 26 September 1930. , / THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 1124A will receive exhibit No. 91QA. (Whereupon, the document above re- ferred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 910A and received in evidence.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,161 CAPTAIN ROBINSON: I shall read extracts from court exhibit No. 910-A. It is first to be observed that the accused HIRANUMA is listed as present at each of these meetings, serving in the capacity of Vice-President of the Privy Council. I shall now read from page 9, bottom para- graph of court exhibit 910-A: "Councillor KANBKO charted that it is very unfortunate that the former as well as the present Cabinet regards the Privy Council as an enemy, and added that according to the newspapers the Adminis- trative Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, NAGAI, in hi3 speech at the oratorical meeting of the MINSEI TO held at Eibiya Fublic Hall on August 20th, stated as follows: 'If the Privy Council interferes with the ratification of the London Treaty, which the Cabinet intends to conclude for the sake of promoting inter- national peace and to lighten the national burden, we must fight them as the public enemy of our nation.'" i I shall now read from page 17 of exhibit 910-A, the third paragraph -- page 16 is the first insert5 page 1 6 , the third paragraph on page 1 6 : "Councillor KAWAI asked what the Premier meant when he answered in the Lower House that the Government would be solely responsible for national defense. The Premier answered that he had just replied that it was unnecessary to discuss in the Diet the details of the negotiations between the military administration organization and the military command organization; and that as the Navy General Staff was not responsible to the outside, the Government would be responsible. The said Councillor again asked on what grounds the Premier had, regardless of the objection of the military, decided that the military strength decided upon by the Treaty was sufficient for our national defense; and what he meant when he said that the strength decided upon by the present agreement was only a part of our country's military strength. The said Councillor continued to ask about the authority possessed by the Chief of the Navy General Staff; and how the Premier could say, with a military strength of which the Chief of the Navy General Staff did not aprrove, that our national defense was secure. The Premier replied to each of these questions." Now, at page 17, the middle paragraph: "After this the same Councillor (KITAI) pointed out that the Premier's explanation in the Privy Council v:as quite different from that which he had made in the Diet where he had stated that the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,163 Government held the right to decide military- strength. The Premier answered that he had not stated that the Government held the right of decision, but he had only said that the matter of concluding treaties should be decided by the Cabinet. He answered also that he could not state the scope and extent to which he took the military's opinion into considera- tion, as this was a confidential matter, ^hereupon, the same Councillor asked how the Premier could explain that agreement had been reached when the matter re- quired agreement by the military. The Premier ex- plained that it was because he had thought that the military had had no objection after all." I shall next read^from page 20, the bottom / paragraph, and continuing with the top paragraph on page 21: "Then Councillor KAT,?AI asked to be allowed to speak, stating that he desired to bring the ques- tions he had been asking for some time now to a con- clusion, but as the Chairman said that there mild " e a further chance of reviewing the questions some other day, the said Councillor stated that it was simply beyond his comprehension that the Navy Minister should say in his reply in the House of Peers that the age when the strength of force determines all had 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,164 already passed, end advocate that the most important point as regards armaments lay in keeping them in a perfect state at all times. He argued that Japan's armaments should be based upon the possibilitjr 0f a crisis in the peace of the Orient with America or » other Third Powers intervening in Sino-Japanese relations over rights and interests in Manchuria and Fongolia, and demanded to know the Government's opinion on the matter. "To this, the Premier replied that it was a fact that the ratio of strengths, vis-a-vis America, provided in this treaty would become more unfavorable for Japan the nearer we got to 1936, anr' therefore it would be quite natural that he /Councillor KA^AI/ should worry about Japan's national defense, provided that it was interpreted in a narrow sense, but, the Premier continued, he believed that friendly relations with other Powers, financial adjustments and other such matters were likewise the essentials of national de- fense. Therefore, although he too was dissatisfied with sore phases of the national defense he was deter- mined to put up with the present state of things for the time being 5 and although we would have to bear with the unfavorable ratio till the end of 1936, we v-ould be able to build ships from the beginning of 1937, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 ,165 and so we had better make preparations within the scope admitted by the treaty. If we commenced our ship-building simultaneously with the expiration of the treaty terms, we would soon be able to hold 70% as against America; and finally the Premier asserted that it was a groundless fear that America would raise trouble in China, taking advantage of the period when the ratio would be low for our country." Turning to page 25, the middle paragraph, the second main paragraph: "The Navy Minister replied that if the treaty failed to be concluded, then the United States would be hostile to Japan and there would be no guarantee that she would not undertake direct competition with our country in warship construction; that although the ratio against the United States in the 8-inch gun cruiser class would fall to 60% and the cruisers would be of old age, as pointed out by the Councillor, and no one could say that no trouble would occur then, it was not true that 6-inch gun cruisers could not necessarily stand up against 8-inch gun cruisers. He added that some admirals even asserted that they cou1 i successfully sink one 8-inch gun cruiser with four destroyers.tt I turn to page 29 of the minutes, the bottom 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,166 paragraph of page 29* "Councillor KANEKO said that, according to the report of the United States Senate, what the United States fears most is submarines, and therefore the more the number of Japanese submarines was re- duced, the more powerful the United States would become. Stating that as long as Japan possessed sub- marines, there was nothing to be afraid of from the United States, that world peace and international faith were merely outward courtesies, and that peace was untenable without repletion of military strength, he discussed the indispensability of submarines." I turn to page 34, the bottom paragraph on page 3^: "Councillor KUB0T.A expressed opinion that for national defense, wealth and diplomacy were neces- sary in addition to military power, and although knowledge and spirit were most essential, yet there was no other way to settle international disputes but to resort to arms in the end. Japan's importance today in the world lay in her military power alone. The London Conference was where Britain and the United States gave expression to their avarice under the fine names of universal peace and the lightening of burdens, but they were only afraid of Japan's military power, n 1 2 3 4 5 6 '7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,167 " Such being the situation, he said, he was most con- cerned over the recent question of the Supreme Command and thought it was essential that the Navy Minister and the Navy Chief of Staff come to an agreement in deciding the military strength. There- fore, upon hearing that the Minister concerned had replied in his recent instructions that the two had come to an agreement he A.?as greatly relieved." I shall quote two more extracts, page 35, the middle and bottom paragraphs: This is Councillor KANEKO talking. "Japanese-American relations would be at their most dangerous point about 1937. The United States would most certainly purchase the South Manchuria Railway in cooperation with China and would attempt to drive Japanese influence out of Manchuria and Mongolia. Such being tne case, it was extremely important to supplement the lack of military strength caused by the London Treaty. Justice, he said, was only superficial courtesy between nations, and the last resort was military power alone. That Japan could abolish extra-territoriality was due entirely to the Sino-Japanese War. On the other hand, the Netherlands which had once been known as the world's wealthiest country had fallen today to the position of a third-rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,168 country because of the limitation of her armaments. That a small country like Japan could advance into the world as one of the Five Great Powers was due entirely to the military men. The Treaty of Portsmouth was also a reward of Japan's military's victory." And the concluding paragraph at the bottom i of that page: "As the Japanese military system was character- istic of Japan, being based on the Japanese fighting spirit, soul, and national structure, it should be perfected to the last. On the basis of the speeches made in the United States Senate there could be no doubt that the London Treaty was a preparation for pressure against Japan after 1936." I now present to the Clerk IPS document No. 891. This is a book entitled, "A Record of the Privy Council Concerning the Ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930," dated 1 October 1930. The certificate of the secretary of the Privy Council is attached. I request that the Clerk give this document a court exhibit number for Identification only. CL13RK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 891 will receive exhibit No. 911 for identification only. ('"hereupon, the document above 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,169 referred to was narked prosecution's exhibit 911 for identification.) CAPTAIN ROBINSON: I now offer in evidence nn excerpt from court exhibit No. 911, marked for identification only. The excerpt in its English trans- lation consists of twenty-four pages. It is the record of the conference of the Privy Council regard- ing the Imperial ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930, held on Wednesday, 1 October 1930. THE PRESIDENT: Admitted on the usual terms. CLERK OF THE COURT: Prosecution's document No. 391-A will receive exhibit No. 911-A. (^hereupon, the document above referred to was marked prosecution's exhibit No. 911-A and was received in evidence.) 9,170 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 CAPTAIN ROBINS Ofcs I shall read the following extracts from Court exhibit No. 9 1 1 - A . It is first to be observed that the accused HIRANUMA.is listed as presert at the meeting in the capacity of Vice- President of the Privy Council. I shall now read from page 13 of the document5 page 13 middle paragraph. "No. 4 (LAMAGUCHI): I should now like to state briefly the opinion of the Government on today's problem of ratification of the London Naval Treaty. The object of the London Naval Treaty, as has just been reported by the Chief of the Investigation Committee, is to prevent the danger of competitive armament for the sake of world peace, and to reduce the burden of taxes; and this treaty has been signed and sealed by the representatives of the Five Powers -- Japan, Britain, the U.S. , France and Italy. As far as successful in an agreement on the limitation of auxiliary ships which had not been realized at the Washington and Geneva Conferences, and have been able to put a limitation on every type of ship." I shall now read from page 18, the bottom paragraph; "No. 5 (T A K A R / B E ) : The first point of your question seems to be, when did the so-called three- great principles come into existence, which did not 1 2 3 4 6 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,171 exist, in 1927/Showa 2/, at the time of the Geneva Conference. Of course, there was no such thing as the three great principles at the time of the Geneva Conference. To be precise, even at the last conference, they have neither been clearly implied in the instructions given to the plenipotentiaries nor have they been formally declared. >r'hy, then, have there been rumors about them?" Next, the following page, the bottom of page 19 next to the bottom paragraph: "The so-called three great principles are concerned with the military strength necessary for the execution of the plan of operations based on the national defense policy decided in 1923/Taisho 12/. Thus, the three points - 70 per cent in total, 70 per cent in cruisers with 8-inch guns, and the present strength in submarines - were instructed. No mention was made as to which of the three would be the more important, and the expression * the three great principles* was not used in any of the official documents. Just because these three were tbe main points in our demands, people called them the tbrc-e great principles. The navy has always attached importance to them. "As has been explained by Councillor ISKII, we had failed to accomplish eur demand of 70 uer 9,172 l 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 cent in capital ships at the Washington Conference, and it w s decided at 60 per cent; and also at the Geneva Conference our strength in auxiliary ships was set at 60 nor cent in the provisional compromise draft between Japan and Britain. Accordingly, our Naval authorities, after years and years of investigations were well aware of the difficulties in carrying through our demand of 70 per cent. In view of these former experiences, they had instructed our plenipotentiaries with the three great principles, for the first time, just before the opening of the last Conference. Prepared to fight with their backs against the wall, they put every effort into obtaining the understanding of the whole nation. For this purpose, young officers made trips to various places and gave lectures, greatly emphasizing the importance of the throe great principles. Some of them seem to have pushed their arguments to extremes by stressing that it would mean the ruin of our nation if we would fail to accomplish these principles. These were all manifesta- tions of their patriotic spirit, and as a result, the public opinion was thoroughly unified. I believe this has had much to do with our success at the Conference in obtaining the ratio of 70 per cent in total tonnage." And a final quotation at page 22, beginning > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,173 with the main paragraph: "No. 4 (HAMAGUCKI)s As regards the London Treaty, there had been, prior to its being referred j to the Privy Council for deliberation, various rumors in uublic about the influence it will have ucon the political world, and some mischievous elements, in line with these rumors, had been spreading a number of wild tales. For this reason, there were indications that unrest had been arising in the political and financial worlds. The treaty was referred to the Privy Council for deliberation on July 24, and after preliminary investigations by the Secretariat of the Council, it was brought before the Investigation Committee which convened for the first time on August 18. Since then more than fifty days had passed till September 17, and the meeting of the Committee had been hold twelve times during that period. Meanwhile, the newspapers in Tokyo, not being informed of the proceedings of the Investigation Committee which had been kept secret, indulged in conjectures and published a number of articles. Readers, ignorant o. the circumstances, would either harbor suspicions about the destiny of the treaty, or would be scectical about a probable discord between the Privy Council and the Government. Various organizations, taking 9,174 advantage of this situation, began one after the other to attempt mischief-making: and among the various articles, there were some that could be classified as reprehensible. They were openly or secretly distributed to various quarters, and every means of alienation and slander were attempted. This being the situation, it was impossible for people- to discriminate truth from falsehood and good from bad. As a result, it is a fact that cannot be concealed that the general public was driven to an indescribable sort of unrest and unhappiness. Even if it were not so, public feeling today is apt to lack stability and self-possession, and it is deplorable that such a condition should long continue. "As long as the destiny of this treaty remains undecided, it will not only be impossible to eradicate this type of unrest, but it is evident that there will be a tendency for the unrest in public feeling to gradually increase, incited by daily articles in newspapers and all the other scandalous propaganda. The problem of the financial world in particular, is what the Government cannot help but be mostly concerned about." I shall now offer in evidence documents to show Japanese naval activities in opposition to the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9,17? Naval Limitation Treaties, mainly the Washington Treaty of 1922, the London Treaty of 1930 and the London Treaty of 1936. Documentary evidence will now he presented from Court exhibit No. 58 already in evidence — Court exhibit 58, I believe it is before the Court— pages 1 to 63, which include pages 249 to 306 of Voliime I, State Department papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States and Japan, 1931-1941. I shall read first at pages 5 to 9, the communication from the United States Ambassador, Joseph 6. Grew, to Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, dated at Tokyo, 15 September 1933: " S i r — THE PRESIDENT: This is a rather long letter. I think you had better read it in the morning, Captain. Vie will adjourn now until half past nine tomorrow morning. (whereupon, at 1558, an adjournment was taken until Friday 1 November 194-6, at * 0930c)
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October 31, 1946 (p. 9007-9175) Proceedings in Chambers
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