AtoM
David Conde fonds
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Administrative, biographical and background records
Conde, David W.
Chronological summary of prosecution evidence given up to December 10, 1946 . (Doc . no. 0001, corrected). Events covering June 1928 - September 1940, p. 1-156. Events covering September 1940 - December 1945, p. 157-316. Index to names of defendants mentioned within summary, also offices held, decorations etc .
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Document NO: OOOl Correcte<3 Copy Please destroy Part I of. Document 0001 • already distributed, and replace by the corrected copy attached. \ \ f j ^ .... i Q U\ p j.. •/• • / / / / / / / / / / / Document No. 0001 GiIKCi*0LJGICAL oUifeAKY The following, pages contain a summary in chronological order of such parts of the oral and documentary evidence given by the Prosecution up to December' 10, 1%6, as are reasonably capable of being dealt with in that way. Dated events are brought together into one story regardless of the phase in which they were introduced, including the various offices from time to time held by the \ccused, which the Prosecution contends makj thorn in a greater or less degree responsible for what took place during their tenure of offiee. These are in all cares extracted from Exhibits 102-129 inclusive. In some case appointments have been omitted from the personnel record of the individual, but are to be found in Exhibit 102, where the name is listed under the office. It does not purport to cover the whole case for the Prosecution. In particular the following letters are omitted and can be separately treated if necessary: 1. Evidence dealing generally with a subject but not related to any particular date. 2. Evidence relating to Class B and C offences. 3. Supplementary evidence introduced at the close of the case relating to individual accused. The effect of the evidence or document is of course much condensed, but the page of the record, name of the witness or number of the exhibit is in each case given, so that it can be checked or supplemented from the original. The names of the accused only, wherever they appear, are in block capitals. At the end of the summary there is: 1. A. list of subjects not fully covered by the summary with reference to pages -and exhibits in which they are dealt with. 2. 4n index giving the pages of the summary on which each accused is named and those covering the periods during which hj held a major office, with in some cases oth^r notes concerning him. Document No. 0001 Year: 1926-31 Cabinet: Tanaka Hamaruchi iSKHXBIT r.-.Gi iJUb-cioS idF-dlftifflJCE 1B1'.. Okada Qa 4 Jua; 1928 a clique of officers planned the murder of General Chang Tso Lin when the train in which he was riding was wrecked by explosives. Tanaka stated in his testimony that he hai seen Japanese reports on this incident which f placed guilt on tfte Japanese. 1769 171 The Tanaka Cabinet conducted a peaceful policy as shown by Tanaka's speech to the Diet on 22 January 1929, in which he states Japanese contributions to world peace in respect to Manchurian interests and Chinese sovereignty will not be jeopardized. The Tanaka Cabinet was forced to resign on 1 July 1929 due to Army opposition and overwhelming problems and was succeeded by the hamaguchi Cabinet. 102 The namaguchi Cabinet, in power from 2 July 1929 to k April 1931, adherrd to the peaejxul policy of the Tanaka Cabinet and Okada stated measures such as decreasing the Army and Navy budgets and ratification of the London Naval Treaty in oppo- sition to the military group were effected. The Hamaguchi Cabinet fell as a result of sin attempt on the life of the Premier as testified by Shidehara. 7647 734-A On 15 November 1929 HAShBDTO who was one of the leaders of the militaristic group (as testified by Shimizu and Tanaka) wrote a report concerning the "Situation in the Caucasia and Its Strategic Use for the Purpose of Sabotage Activities," in vhich he stated that since Caucasus are little affected by Soviet in view of geographical location it should be an important area from the standpoint of strategy against the USSR. A force of military occupation would be necessary to unite the Caucasus in view of diverse races. 9160 910-A Between 18 August ana 26 September 1930, thirteen meetings of the Trivy Council were held to aiscuss the Ratification -1- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT FAGE IVTTNESS Ye r: 1929-31 Cabinet Hamaguchi, ufakatsuki REFEctSNCE 9168 911 102 163, Fart II 2199 186 (if the London Naval Treaty of 1930. Defendant HIRANUMA was vice-president at all the meetings. On 1 October 1930 a Frivy Council meeting was held to dis- cuss the Imperial Ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930. HIRAiJUMA was vice-president. On 14 April the Wakatsuki Cabinat succeeded the Hanagaohi Cabinet. Their policy was conciliatory, but was greatly strained by the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident. A group of young Army officers led by HASHIMOTO and CKAv/A were plan- ning occupation of Manchuria and overthrow of the government at this time. 1 4 0 2 Shimizu In -larch OKA. /A , HASHI'ICIL and others participated in a plot to overthrow the government, which failed due to withdrawal of the military. The Nippon Times of 6 August quotes a speech by l IMA.T in which ne stated some people are advocating limiting armaments in view of the international attitude to Japan's desires in Manchuria. Such mistakes should be corrected and points out the close relations between Manchuria, Mongolia and Japan. He hoped training of troops would be executed with enthusiasm and sincerity so the cause of His Majesty mifaht be served to perfection. (Certificate confirming the speech's existence is contained in Exh. 185.) On 9 September LIDO, Konoye and others conferred and dis- cussed the secret March plot of the militarists to overthrow the government and that these .affairs might not disappear. OKAvA's faction is advocating socialistic nationalism under Imperial rule. On 10 September a discussion was held at Frince Konoye's house stating that self-defensive action might in future be unavoidable in the China situation. 1934 179-C 1935 179-E document No. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabinet: tfakatsuki EXHIBIT MGJ ygTNiSSS 1990 Tanaka 1935 179-D 2006 Tanaka itiL-'AtrMGiS ITAGAKI knew of the installation of guns at Mukden under the pretext of building a well. Strict secrecy was being ob- served and the completion date was 10 September. On 12 September KIDO and his associates met to discuss the latest underhand moves of the Army. On 15 or 16 September Shidshara heard from the Japanese Consul in Mukden that a company commander of a patrol unit stated that within a week a big incident would break out. On 18 September the positions of the accused were as follows! ARAKI, Sadao, Chief of General /iffairs Department of Inspectorate General of Military Training; DOHIH-xRA, Keriji, Lt. Col. attached to Headquarters Kwantung Army; Major of Mukden; HASHIMOTO, Kingoro, IT. Col. General Staff (iar Ministry) and Military Science Instructor; HATA, Shunroku, It. Gen. Inspector of Artillery; HIRiilfUMA, Kiichiro, Vice President of Privy Council; President of Kokukonsha (founder); HIiiOTA, Koki, Ambassador to USSR; H0SHINQ, Naoki, various posts in Finance Ministry; ITAGaKI, Seishiro, Colonel on Staff Kwantung Army; JL.YA, Okinori, Secretary of Special administration and Financial Council (Finance Ministry); KIDO, Koichi, Chief Secretary to Lord Keeper of Frivy Seal; KIMURL, Heitaro, Colonel in̂ command 22nd Field Artillery Regiment; KOISO, Kuniaki, Lt. General, Chief of Military Affairs Bureau, Mar Ministry; Chief Secretary, Supreme -.far Council; MA TSUI, Iwane, Lt. General, Commander in Chief of 11th Division; -3- — — - - — Document ^o. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabin et : .fakatsuki EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE MATSUOKA, Yosuke, Member of Diet; MIN.-MI, Jiro, General, War Minister; MUTO, Akira, Major, Member of Army General Staff; NAGANO, Osami, Vice Admiral, Vice Chief Naval General Staff; OKA, Takasumi, Commander in Navy, (Oct. 10, Navy General Staff); Olii-iu, Shumei, Director General, East Asia Research Institute of South Manchuria Railway; OSHIu,., Hiroshi, Colonel, Member of Military Technical Council and Staff Officer of Army and Navy General Staffs; S.TO, Kenryo, Captain stationed in U.S. ,. for military study; SHIGEiITSU, Mamoru, Councillor of Embassy and Consul General in China; SHIMAD.., Shigetaro, Rear Admiral, Chief of Staff, Combined Fleet and 1st Fleet; SHIR,TORI, Toshio, Chief of Information Department, Foreign Office (spokesman); SUZUKI, Teiichi, Lt. Colonel in Bureau of Ifilitary .'.ff̂ .irs, iter ministry; TOGO, Shigenori, one of Japanese delegates to League of Nations; T0J0, Hideki, Colonel, Head of First Section, ..rmy General Staff; UM32U, Yoshijiro, Major General, Chief General .affairs, Army General Staff; Prime Minister: Wakatsuki 1338 Shidehara On 18 September a Cabinet meeting was held and attended by Jar Minister MIN_J£[, who did not know of the incident. 1561 Wakatsuki On the morning of 19 September, between six and seven o'clock, -far Minister MIN .MI informed tfatotsuki by telephone that hostilities had broken out between Japan and China at Mukden. -4- „ • ;• sr.t wo. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabinet: ,/akatsuki iSXHIBIT •JIriI-;-ioS HSFiShENCB 1936 179-H On 19 September EIDO attended a meeting at which Harada reported that the Premier was worried about the strong atti- tude of the _my and wanted to find some way to control them. 1465 Fujitv When witness Fujita congratulated HLUSHIMJTO on the Mah- chuii-.n Incident on IV September H/.SHLDTu replied, "Yes, things have come to pass as they should have done." k I960 Tanaka The preparation and planning of this incident was the work of a group including 01L.Jh, a civilian, H .SHL.fOTO in the General Staff in Tokyo, and IT..C-..KT in the staff of Kwantung '.my, all of whom, as well as other conspirators, had related this to Tanaka in conversations before and after the incident. « 2178 - 181 On 19 September the Consul General at Mukden telegraphed Foreign minister Shidehara that the Mukden Incident seems to point to the fact that it was planned by the Arm;/. He also cabled on the same day the attempts he had made to settle the incident peacefully and emphasized the fact that the ̂ rmy was planning to start positive action in Manchuria. 1937 179-R On 21 September KIDO met and conferred with some of his associates on the subject of Manchuria. The advance of the Korean army into Manchuria without Imperial sanction was men- tioned. 1693 57 On 21 September a representative of the Chinese Govern- ment to Geneva wrote the Secretary-General of the League asking him to bring to the attention of the Council the dis- pute between China and Japan as a result of the -lukden Inci- dent and appeal to the Council to take immediate steps to prevent further development of the situation. 1936 179-1 On 22 September KILO stated in his diary that the army was strongly determined in its policy toward Manchuria and that orders given by the central authorities might not be -5- Document No. 0001 Y«ar: 1931 Cabin at: -.'Takatsuki EXHIBIT FAGE jflTI'LjoS - REFERENCE carried out. The Army is angered at the Emperor's approval of the governmental policy. 1555 ..akatsuki On the night of 22 September Hayashi, Commander-in-Chief of the Korean Army, moved his army across the Yalu River into Manchuria. This was done without Imperial sanction and by permission of MINAMI, Minister of ifcr. 9340 920 A memorandum from Stimson of September 1931 related to the conversation with Japanese Ambassador Debuchi about the situation in Manchuria and his concern regarding same. 9343 921 In a memorandum of 22 September from Stimson to the Jap- anese jnbassador, he again expressed concern about the Man- churian situation and the occupation of principal strategic points in South Manchuria. 3211 Powell On 23 September when Powell, arrived in l*ukden, Japanese were in full control of the town. 2755 57 On 24 September the Committee for the Maintenance of Peace and Order was declared formed under Vx. Yuan Chin Kai. The Japanese Press claimed this as a separatist movement, but Mr. Yuan publicly disclaimed this intention on October 1 and stated it was to preserve peace and order and it had no intention of organizing a provincial government or declaring independence. 9448 922 In a telegram of 24 September Stimson requested Neville, U.S. Charge d! Iffairs in Japan, to deliver a note to the Foreign Minister, stating a similar note had been dispatched to China. The note expressed regret at the Manchurian situation and the United States' desire for a swift, amicable settlement of Japan and China's differences, 9349 923 In a statement issued by the Japanese Enbassy -after the 9350 Extraordinary Cabinet meeting of 24 September, it was stated -6- Document No. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabinat * Wak tsuki EXHIBIT i AGE WITNESS FlrfFEiiElICS that it was superfluous to repeat that Japan harbors no territorial designs in Manchuria. 1339 Shidehara On 24 September the Cabinet issued a resolution stating that Japan had no territorial ambitions and he believed that in fact, honestly speaking, the Cabinet itself had no idea of territorial expansion. 2241 189 On 24 September after the Extraordinary Cabinet meeting, a statement was issued that the antagonistic attitude of the Chinese in the Mukden area, the conduct of officials and the aMleged destruction of the railroad line were the reasons for the Mukden attack. The Japanese are remaining in control of the railroad line and Kirin merely as a precaution to guard against further attempts. 9551 924 v note from the Japanese Foreign Minister to the U.S. Eubassy in Japan of 28 September stated that Japan would exercise ev^ry c re to avoid any actions which might prejudice • * ai icable settlements between Japan and China and observe in- ternational law requirements. 1939 179-X On 29 September iQDO stated in his diary that the Lord Keeper had reported that Harada had told him that the Chief of the .rmy's General Staff had told the Premier thnt the ^rmy may be compelled to send troops to the Yangtze Hiver area and that if this happened he did not wish the government to interfere with the prerogative of the Supreme Command of the ,.rmy. 2762 57 On 29 September General Tang Ju Lin took over the respon- sibility of the Province of Jehol. 2759 57 On 30 September a proclamation was made that Hsi Hsia was chairman of the provincial government of Kirin and the organic law of a new provincial government of Kirin was announc ed. Document No. 0001 Y«ar: 1931 Cabin at: -.'Takatsuki E X H I B I T I ,IGE ./ITNESO REFERENCE 9551 925 A resolution of the League of Nations of 30 September acknowledged the receipt of the Japanese and Chinese replies to its appeal and noted the Japanese statement that she had no territorial designs in Manchuria. The Council was convinced that Japan and China sought peaceful settlement and requested restoration of normal relations and the continuante of comple- tion of its undertaking. 1940 179-L On 1 October KID0 stated in his diary that he heard a discission with SHIR , . TORI and Konoye on the militarist seeret plot and the danger of a coup d1 etat to set up a diotator regime. 1941 179-M On 5 October KID0 stated in his diary that a meeting was held with Konoye and Ichiki to discuss the .jrmy's stubborn- ness and its intrigues and requested Ichiki to think up a solution to the matter. 1)41 179-N On 6 October the i'riae Minister discussed the matter with the Lord Keeper and fears a risk of a head-on collision with the .rmy on the question of with whom to negotiate the Man- churia n problem. 1941 179-0 On 7 October KIDO and others met with SU2UI I, who stated that they do not intend to carry out a national reformation immediately but it is to save the situation if something does happen such as a rebellion among the younger officers. $356 926 In a telegram from Stimson to Gilbert, the Consul at 9357 Geneva, on 9 October, it is stated that the United States will reinforce what the League does and makes clear that it is definitely interested in the matter .and not oblivious to the obligations which the parties have assumed to the signa- tories of the Pact of Faris and the 9-Power Pact, when it should seem advisable to bring forth these obligations. -8- Docui No. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabinet: '/akatsuki EXHIBIT FAGS //ITL.ESS R^BBEHCA Thus, the United States would not enbarracs the ioague in the course to which it is now comi-itted. 3730 Goette Goette testified that on 10 October there was an outbreak 3731 of fightiu, t Tientsin. 116 On 11 October l̂ iTSUOK.* was a Japanese representative «t the Extraordinary meeting of th1 League of Nations, 1942 179-F on 14 October KIDO hold a nesting with ."-.tsuaoto and others regarding the rapid progress of irmy plots and a propo- sition of materialization of Shashokukai, an association planned by Hasuoki, which should be a permanent counter- measure. 1942 179-O On 15 October KIDO met with SHIA.TGKI and Hayashi on the subject of the .-ianchurian situ .tion. It re -uires prompt action and the creation of • new regime in Manchuria and that the authorities should give approval nd facilitate the problem. 1568 /'.'akatsuki On 17 October iaakatsulci stated that he had been told of an order to ;rrest the young officers who were participating in on attempt on akatsuki's life. 1973 Tanaka This plot, known as "the October incident" was also the work of the same group including OK. and n.JSHIMJTO, as revj-led to Tnnaka in conversations by them and other con- spirators. TIie object was to set up a new government to give stronger support to the Manchurian incident. The ulti- mate object according to OK .JA was to drive the white races out of .sia. 2756 57 On 19 October the Committee for the . aintenance of Peace and Order opened the Board of Finance with Japanese advisors assisting. -9- Document No. 0001 Year: 1931 Cabinet: iakitsuki EXHIBIT FAGS »aiNES3 REFERENCE 2754 57 On 20 October the reins of the municipal government at Mukden were restored to a qualified Chinese body with Dr. Chac Hsin Po as Mayor of Mukden. 2756 57 On 21 October the Board of Industry was opened by the Committee for the Maintenance of Peace and Order, who now changed their name to the "Liaoning Provinee Self-Government Office." 9358 927 In a resolution of the Council of the League of Nations on 24 October again referring to the Hanchurian situation, Japan's pledges reg rding no territorial designs on Man- churia were cuoted. It calls upon Japan to withdraw her troops from the railroad zone and for a representation of both countries to be made in order to settle the incident. 4354 286 On 1 November Shidehara cabled the Consul General Kuwash- ima at Tientsin stating the inadvisability of setting up an independent state of Manchuria under Pu-Yi at the present tim 4360 287 On 2 Wovjmber Kuwashima cabled Shidehara concerning a con- ference hold at Tientsin between representatives of the three eastern provinces to discuss the bill regarding autonomy of 4362 286 these provinces. Un this day the Japanese Consul General at Shanghai telegraphed Shidehara concerning a rumor of DOHIH-Jt..' attempts to take Pu-Yi to Mukden. 4363 289 . On 3 November Japanese Consul General Kuwashima cabled Shidehara concerning their attempts to persuade DGHULJiAj but he is insisting on the abduction of the Enporor Pu-Yi, while pretending it is nothing to do with Japan, DOHIH.liA has contemplated the method of removing Pu-Yi via Yin-Kow and has refused advice to give up this plan. 4367 290 On 3 November Kuwashima cabled Shidehara concerning 4373 291 DO?.IK.silk13 work in having the dethroned Emperor Hsuen Tung brought to Manchuriat' On the same day he cabled again -10- Document No. 0001 Y«ar: 1931 Cabin at: -.'Takatsuki EXHIBIT iAGE WITNi i3S REFERENCE concerning DOHIH.Jt̂ 's meeting x/ith the Enperor and his in- sist mce that the tine was ripe for a declaration of independ- onc J of Manchuria. 4375 292 On 4 November Kuwashima cabled Shidehara concerning news item which stated that DOHIH JtA's visit to Tientsin wis (a) to fern independent government, and (b) to incite Japanese to c auso trouble with Chinese as excuse for non-evacuation of troops. 2760 57 On 5 November the Chines- sponsored anti-Kirin ̂ rmy under the command of certain generals established a new Kirin pro- vincial government it Harbin. 2757 57 On 7 November the Liaoning Province of Self-Government Office transformed to Liaoning Irovincial Government, severed relations with the former Northeastern Governments and the Central Nanking Government. 2759 57 On 10 November the Liaoning Provincial Government was publicly opened. 4377 293 On 12 November KUwashima, Consul General at Tientsin, cabled Shidehara quoting a Chinese newspaper report of the abduction of the Jhperor (iu-Yi). 4379 294 On 13 November .-rakawa, Japanese Consul at Yinkow, telegraphed Shidehara concerning the transmission of the Emperor Pu-Yi to the steamer "Awayi Maru" at Tientsin. On this day Kuwashiraa telegraphed Shidehara concerning the part taken by the Japanese Army in the abduction of iu-Yi ana gave him further details of this abduction. On 13 November iu-Yi arrived at Tangkangtzu. 4391 299 On 15 November telegram from Yamazaki to Shidehara pointed out that it is better to alienate tu-Yi from politics in Manchuria for the moment ana establish him ostensibly accord- ing to the wishes of the Manchurians and Mongolians. This -11- Document No. 0001 Y«ar: 1931 Cabin at: -.'Takatsuki EXHIBIT i-AGE WITNESS REFEl-iEilCE will stop any intervention by the United States or council of powers. 4394 300 On 17 ̂ ove ber Kuwashima telegraphed Shidehara concerning DuHIH. jiu! s action to set up a separate government in lianehuri by plotting and rioting, with knowledge th->t it is against national policy. 4398 301 On 22 November Governor General Tsukamoto of the Kwantung sent a telegram to Shidehara deling with the desire of the Kwantung Army to keep iu-Yi's location a secret. 2245 190 On 24 November the U.S. Embassador in Japan (Forbes) sent a telegram tj the Secretary of State stating assurance by Shidehara that the incident would be halted. 4401 303 on 26 November Yano at Feiping telegraphed Shidehara that Kawashima on the request of ITAG..KI had arrived in Tientsin to abduct the Empress. DOHIH.ji,. confirmed this to the atten- dants of the Eapress. 4402 304 On 27 November Kuwashima, Consul General at Tientsin, telegraphed Shidehara reg .rding the army's report that the Empress had left Tientsin for Dairen. 4402 305 on 6 Decewiber Morishima, Consul Goneral at Jfukden, tele- graphed Shidehara reporting the activities of the National Guard, a Japanese sponsored organization to cause trouble behind the scenes and formulate a plan for the taking over of provinces east of Shanghai. On 9 December N.GiAiO and 1.LT3UI were appointed plenipo- tentiaries to the Disarmament Conference at Geneva. TOGO was a delegate. 9360 928 A resolution of the Council of the League of Nations of 9361 10 December stated that it reaffirmed the resolution of 30 September by which the two parties were solemnly bound -12- Decu.-i.er.it Ho. 0001 Year: Cabinet: ..akatsuki, Inukai EXiilBIT and requested withdrawal of the Japanese troops within the zone, and decided to appoint a commission of five members to stuc^ the situation on the spot and report to the Council. 9363 929 In a statement from Stimson to Johnson, U.S. Minister in 9362 China, on 11 December, the United States' gratitude for the adoption of the resolution uf 10 December is expressed. The United States is interested in the objectives sought by the League to prevent ?rar arid the immediate cessation of hostil- ities u:d reaffirms Japan's pledges to withdraw her troops from the railroad zone. The United States approves of the appointment of a five-nan conndssion to study the problem. On 10 December ^JIoUI was attached to General Staff Head- quarters. • On 12 December the Inukai Cabinet took office. JfL'JCt succeeded MIHAMI as tfar Minister; MINAil was Supreme («'ar Councillor. 2755 57 On 15 December Lt. General J-sang Shih-yi, who was arrested on 20 September for his refusal to organize a provincial government, was finally released. General Tsang Shih-yi replaced Chin-Kai as head of Liaoning Irovincial Government. 8605 Liebert On 17 December Japan abandoned the gold standard. 168-C On 17 Docer.ber the Cabinet approved the proposed military budget to be used to pacify -and occupy the four provinces under Chang Hsueh Liang (so ARaKI stated in his admissions). 2254 191 On 22 December Forbes telegraphed the Secretary of State, stating that Inukai reiterated that Japan would never impair Chinese sovereignity and merely desired to protect Japanese nationals. 2256 57 According to an extract from the Lytton Report, 23 Decumber was the date of the concentrated Japanese attack which forced the 19th Chinese Brigade to surrender its position. -13- Document No, 0001 Year: 1931-32 C-.billet: Inukni EXHIBIT I-'AGE »i)ITNEo3 REFERENCE 2256 57 On 27 December extract from Lytton Report stating that Imperial sanction. had been obtained for the dispatch of the staff of the 20th Division and another brigade from Korea. 7714 744 On 31 December Litvinov suggested to Yoshizawa (in the presence of iijU-o'i .) that steps mibht be taken to conclude a non-aggression pact between Russia and Japan. Yoshizawa said he would forward the proposal to the government. 2760 57 On 7 January 1932 the Kirin Independent adclared that General Chang Ching-hui was appointed govern,r of Heilung- kiing on 1 January. 1809 174 On 7 January1- an objection was sent by Stimson of the li.S. Government to the Japanese Governm...-nt regarding the Japanese aggressive policy in Manchuria. 9365 930 In a telegram from Stimson to .".mbassador Forbes on 7 January hi reouests Forb-s to deliver an enclosed note to the Japanese Government. The note stated that with the military operations near Chinchow, the last remaining author- ity of the Chinese Government in Southern Manchuria (as it existed prior to IS September 1931) bad been destroyed. The United States is hoping the league will find a settlement to this problemj will not recagnize any treaty or agreement entered into by these governments which would impair the treaty rights of the United States or its citizens in China; and it does not intend to recognize any situation or agree- ment brought about by means contrary to the Fact of Paris of 1928. 9368 931 In a telegram from Forbes to Stimson of 16 January he stated that Japan, in answer to Stimson's note, said with respect to the open door policy that in so far as Japan can secure it, the open door policy mill always be maintained in -14- Document No. 0001 Jfear: 1932 Cabinet: inukai EXHIBIT rAGE j/ITIX̂ S REFERENCE Manchuria and China, and that Japan entertains no territorial ".ins in Manchuria. 2258 57 On 26 January Colonel DOHIHARA was sent to Harbin to take over the office of the Special Japanese Service there. 2760 57 On 29 January (extract Lytton Report) General Ting Chao took possession of the office of Chief Administrator and placed General Chang under house arrest. 3734 Goette On 1 February the Japanese shelled Tiger Hill Forts of Nanking with five Japanese warships under cover of U.S. destroyer, but admitted when cross-examined that the Japanese did not attempt to occupy Nanking on this occasion. On 2 February SHI .ADA was Chief of Staff, 3rd Fleet. 2760 57 On 5 February the Japanese entered Harbin and "liber ted" General Chang, a puppet of the Japanese, and from that time onwards Japanese influence was increasingly felt. 2765 57 On 16 and 17 February a meeting was held at afukden with the governors of the three provinces and the special dis- trict president, together with Dr. Chao Hsin-po. There it was decided to establish a northeastern administrative council organized to exercise temporary supreme authority over the area and to make necessary preparation for the found- ing of a new state. 2767 £7 On 18 February occurred the declaration of independence of Manchuria and the severance of relations with Nanking. "27b8 57 On 19 February the decision was made to establish a repub- lic in Manchuria with Emperor Iu-Yi as executive. 9370 932 A telegram from Stiason to the Consul General -at Shanghai on 24 February stated that the text of the letter from Stinson to Senator Borah is being released to the press. This letter stated, in answer to a question asked by Borah -15- -•Ĵ u. Jilt 0001 Year: 1932 Cabinet? Inukai EXHIBIT I .AGE WITNESS REFERENCE whether in view of the Chinese situation the 9-i'ower Treaty had become inapplicable, that the treaty foiv.s thj legal basis on which the open door policy rests. The United States sees no reason for abandoning the principles of these treaties and the situation would have been avoided had the covenants been observed, and no evidence indicates that due compliance with them would have interfered with the adequate protection of the legitimate rights in China of all parties. On 29 February K0I50 became Vice .far Minister. 2817 222 On 1 iiarcn . Cabinet meeting was held with regard to for- eign relations with newly founded Manchuria-viongol State. J. Ian for keeping open door and equal opportunity policy so as to avoid intervention, .and gaining control of customs by tactful moans in order not to create unfavorable influence upon Japan's foreign relations. 55 On A Uarch the League of Nations issued a resolution call- ing for the cessation of hostilities between Japan and China. 2795 Kasagi On 9 march Pu-Yi was installed as Regent of Manchuria. 2762 57 On 9 March Jehol was included in a new state and Manchukuo was inaugurated. Inauguration ceremonies were held at the now capital of Changchun - policy set up on the basis of morality, benevolence and love. 56 On 11 March the League of Nations issued a resolution calling for the non-recognition of conquests in violation of int ematicnal law. In April MIN.uZ bee me Special Inspector of the Navy. •5013 436 On 1 April the Manchukuo Government Gazette, Vol. 1, published the organic law developed in connection with the formation of the Manchukuo Government. The Regent should rule and exercise legislative powers with the approval of -16- Document No. 0001 Year; 193? Cabinet* Inukai EXHIBIT I.TrS .vIINESS RjFEHEt;CE the Legislative Yuan, etc. The Court's attention was drawn to the fact that in actuality no such legislative body existed. 7606 731-.* On 1 April a Special Committee for the foundation of Kyo-l¥a-Kai was formed (ITAGAKI was a member and initiator of society). The ultimate purpose of the society was the creation of a foundation of the Manchukuo State to help Japan in her fight against iJiglo-Saxon and Comintern aggression. 2636 226 On 3 April the Coamander-in-Cjiief of the Kwantuiag army sent a massage to war L'inister AH.JKI regarding the unifica- tion of the execution of Hanchurian policies. 2825 223 On 11 April a meeting of the Cabinet Council was held relative to Manchukuo—appointment of Japanese for admin- istrative, financial, economic and political high positions, etc. On 11 April DOHIA JU, who was Major Caneral, was in command of the 9th Infantry Brigade, 3264 I'owell The Hongkew lark bombing incident, in which SHIGA.ITSU was injured, occurred on 29 April 1932, and Powell gave an eye 'witness account of the incident. 2827 224 On 3 May a Cabinet Council meeting was held concerning railway installation, payment, and routes to be covered in Manchuria* 3260 iowell On 5 May a truce was arranged between China and Japan regarding Shanghai. 1481 Inukai On 8 y Prea ier Inukai delivered an anti-milit ristic speech in pro-Democratic and anti-Fascist vein. One week later he was assassinated. The assassination of Inukai occurred on 15 May and is known .as the Hay 15th Incident. -17- 1 Document lie. 000.' EXHIBIT 1623 Okada 284/+ 227 2844 228 8605 Liebert 5120 453-4 7506 701 Year: 1932 C'bin-it: Inukai, Saito REFERTIMCE Cross-ex̂ minrvtion, determined that th- j Mitsubishi Bank, etc., were all attacked on this day. On 26 May the Saito Cabinet was f-rm.-dj .jjfJKI and KOIoO retained offices. On 28 July SHIM'iDA was appointed to the Naval General Staff Headquarters. On 4 June the Chief of Staff af the Kwmtung Amy sent a telegram the Vice Minister of Jar KQISG, concerning the taking over ef the customs houses in "Manchuria, iiioluding that of Dairei . Strict secrecy -.vas to be observed. This action w s taken in order to acquire revenue. On 10 June the War Minister .JUKI sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung ̂ my stiting tb.it Man- ohurii »fas now ready to be officially recognized, tact was to be exorcised with foreign relations, and the motives were to be secret. On 11 July Japan passed the Capital Flight Irotection Lav; which was repealed by tne Foreign Exchange Control Law of 1933. HOSHIiJO stated in interrogation that on 12 July he left for Manchuria to take up position of Chief of General Affairs Board there. The extract from report of 14 July made by Kawabe, Japanese Military Attache in Moscow, states that in the event diplomacy does not solve the obstacles, it is neces- sary oo ue rjady to appeal to arms against USSR, China and the United Soates. He also stated, "A Russo-Japanese war in the future is unavoidable," and recommended a non- commital ato..tude concimin.* nor.- Aggression pact proposed by USSR. D-cui.ient No. 0001 Year: 1932 Cabinet: Saito E X H I B I T I ..GE ;VITIfESS REFERENCE 7512 702 Oil 15 July Lt. Cel. Kanda (military attache to Turkey) sent a message to Lt. Col. K \wabe while in Moscow en route from Tokyo to Istanbul. The message stated that preparation for a Russo war would be complete by the .aiddie of 1934. However, no definite hostilities will be opened when they are completed. Russo war is necessary to consolidate Manchuria. On 8 August KG ISO resigned as Vice m/'ar Minister and became Chief of Staff of the Kwantung ̂ rmy. On 8 iugust SL.TO, Major took command of a Battalion of Artillery. 2830 225 On 12 August a Cabinet conference was held concerning avi tion development in Manchukuo - iideas were given con- cerning the acquisition of avi. .tion rights in Manchuria, routes, etc. 2855 57 On 27 august the Japanese assessor wrote to the Commission in Manchuria (lytton Report) stating that Spec. Ambassador Muto left Tokyo for Manchuria in order to negotiate for a fundament .1 treaty for friendly relations between Japan and Manchuria, 8393 Liebert In September the Commercial Guilds Low was passed by which control and organization of commercial undertakings was fostered. 1891 Okada Witness Okada recalled a Cabinet meeting on 13 September attended by the cfcperor, wherein was discussed the recogni- 2967 241 tion of Manchuria by the Japanese Government. Also on this day a i'rivy Council meeting (HIftANUI£A, vice president) was held for the purpose of detori.dning the form of protocol between Japan and Manchukuo. 9387 934 On 15 September Japan recognized the independence of the so-called new state ox Manchuria. -19- Document No. 0001 Year: 1932 Cabinetj gaita EXHIBIT P X 3 '.TITNiiSo FEtiEilCE 5033 440 The pamphlet if the Ministry' of Foreign Iff airs of 15 September, entitled "Collection of Treaties No. 14," gave details of the treaty with -ianchukuo, her independence, etc. 8318 Liebjrt On 1 October the first "scrap ana build" program concern- ing shipping took affect and provided for the construction of 200,000 gross bens of new shipping on condition that two tons of vessels of 25 years or over were scrapped for each ton of new vessel built under subsidy. This resulted in approximately 31 vessels being built with a total subsidy by the Government of 11,000,000 Yen. Llore scrap and build programs in 1935 and 1936 produced 100,000 new gross tons of shipping. 2902 230 Letter from Vice War minister Yanigawa to Chief af Staff of the Kwantung .-.my K0IS0 was sent on 3 November concerning the forwarding of an outline for guiding Manchukuo. 375 Contract of underwriting the subscription of the manchukuo Government's Nation:'! Founding signed on 19 November by HCoHINO. 376 tiegulj.ti.ns for national founding bonds, Manchukuon Loan iromulgation. Loan to bo secured from opium profits. 1808 174 On 21 Novo .ber M.TSUQKM, Japanese representative at the League of Nations, declared: "Wo want no more territory" - but by the er.d of 1932 the armies had occupied all Manchuria. 6697 61.0-A Extract from Chicago Daily Tribune of 25 November, giving •an article on "China charges Japs kill 2700 in Manchuria," was tendered as confirmation of Powell's evidence. 6697 6II-0 Extract from Chicago Daily Tribune of 3 December 1932 containing .article of explanation given by the Japanese Consul in Chicago on charges of 25 November submitted as confirmation of Powell's evidence. D . cument if J. 0001 Year: 1932-33 Cabinet: Saito *GE iV ITN Eo o KEF EriEi J C i •'•919 231 Matters relating to the telegram and telephone enterprises in Manchuria. Cabin it decision m ade on 9 December - establish- ment of joint enterprise under Japan and ISanchuria which will -pji"te tl.es j facilities in Lwantung Province, and railway zone, and Manchuria should be established in treaty to be concluded between Muto and nanchurian Govern lent. Governments shall jointly supervise, give approvals f policy, nominate and re- lease personnel, but highest military organs of Manchuria must obtain approv -1 of highest Japanese military organs when in- tending to inspect or make demands. 7715 745 On 13 December Foreign Minister Uchida handed over a verbal ' note to Soviet Ambassador Troyanovsky concerning the Soviet- Japaneso non-aggrossion pact. In view of diverse opinions on the subject „f the pact, it would be until ely to open formal negotiations at present. 3741 Goette On 3 January 1933 the Japanese captured the city of Shonghoikuan. The pretext for the attack was the alleged throwing of a hand grenade by a Chinese on the railway station. 9483 966 In a memorandum of Secretary of State Stimson 5 January, he stated that he was told that in any event Japan had no territori .1 ambition south of the Great ./all and Stimson re- minded the Japanese Ambassador that a year before he had told him Japan had no territorial ambitions in Tanchuria. On I February ToGO was appointed Chief of Europe on-American Bureau, Foreign Ministry. On 9 February MIN._..T became a Cabin jt Councillor. 7720 746 In a note of 13 February (by jrdor of Uchida) Japan declined 7727 747 the USSR's proposal for a non-aggression pact suggested in their r.. to of 4 January. -21- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT i AGE tflTNEoS Year: 1933 Cabinet: Saito REFERENCE 2269 192-A On 22 February, in the name of puppet Manchukuo, the Jap- anese sent an ultimatum to the Chinese requesting the with- drawal from Jehol Frovince of all Chinese troops in 2k hours. 59 On 24 February the League of Nations made a report con- demning Japanese actions in Manchuria. 9383 933 On 25 February Stimson cabled <«ilson, U. 3. Minister in Switzerland, acknowledging the report of the League on the 19th and stating that the United States was in accord with the League and their findings and endorsing the principles of settlement recommended by the League (this was to be con- veyed to Secretary General Drummond). 2270 192A On 25 February war broke out as a result of the Japanese ultimatum to the Chinese requesting withdrawal from Jehol wit. in 2U hours, and the Chinese refusal to comply with this ultimatum. 8460 liebert In March the Foreign Exchange Control Law was passed ani became the basis for many subsequent regulations in regard to the handling and disposition of foreign exchange. This law avoided the loopholes of the Capital Flight Prevention Law of 1932 and the gold embargo of 1931 - for instance, these two laws did not prevent gold exports. 5037 k42 un 1 kar&h the proclamation of "General Outline of the Economic Construction Program of Manchukuo" was issued and the foundation of "controlled economics" laid down. 2270 192A On 2 March the Provinces of Jehol fell into Japanese hands. 4776 382 On lo March the narcotics control laws were issued by the Chinese National Government and the adoption of policy of complete prohibition of opium smoking. on 16 -arch MATSUI became a Supreme War Councillor. -22- Document No. 0001 PAGE EAHIBIT (iflTNiiSS 6322 Liebert 4709 361 2272 193 1162 Nakai 148 2926 233 Year: 1933 Cabinet: Saito REFERENCE On 27 I'"arch Japan gave notice to leave the League of Nations affective at the end of two years. Cn 6 April the Japan Iron Manufacturing Company law was passed through which the government directly took a leading part in the iron industry as an operator. It established the Japan Iron Manufacturing Co., a national policy company, for development of the iron manufacturing industry and the sale of iron and steel. The company, controlled, directed and financed b3̂ the Government, became the largest producer of iron in Japan and the hub of the Iron industry. It is stated in the "Business Report of 1938" that on 11 April the raw opium in the custody of the Government of Korea was to be temporarily transferred to the Government of Man- chukuo. On 31 May the Tangku Truce was concluded, establishing demilitarized zone in the northeast part of Hopei and the Chinese National Army to withdraw south and west. In June 1933 ARAKI made a speech which was used in con- nection with a moving picture "Japan in the Energency Time", in which he gave Inter alia his views on the meaning of Japanese "national defense," and the glories of the war in Manchuria. The picture showed by means of flags, warships and aeroplanes the ultimate triumph of Japan over all the nations of the -world. On 28 June SKIRATORI was appointed Minister to Norway, Denmark and Finland. On 1 August MATSUI was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Formosan Army. The fund anient al policy of the Japanese Empire of directing Manchuria was decided at a cabinet meeting of 8 August. It -23- Document No. 0001 Year: 1933-34 Cabinet: Saito EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE was to be based on the spirit -of the Japanesa-Manchurian Protocol and was to develop Manchuria into an independent nation possessing indivisible relations with the Japanese Empire. On 14 September HlflOTA became Foreign Minister and a Supreme War Councillor. 5906 On 14 October Germany withdrew from the Disarmament Con- ference and from the League of Nations. On 16 October DGHIHARA became attached to Headquarters of the Kwantung Army. 4733 384 By order issued by the Manchukuo Government on 25 October laboratories .and factories were established for narcotics at Harbin, Mukden and Chengteh. On 5 November NAGANO was appointed Commander-in-Chief Yokosuka Naval Station and Member of the Council of Admirals. 7753 752 On 20 December General Okushi, Chief of the Japanese Korean Army Headquarters, submitted a report to Vice War Minister General Yanagawa, reporting surveys made in preparation for attack on Russian territory in area of Soviet Manchukuo frontier. This report gave an outline of topographical sur- veys made, roads available and terrain which would permit penetration of a large force into Russian territory. 2933 234 On 22 December the Cabinet reached a decision regarding Manchuria, showing Japan tried to dominate and control Man- churia by making preparations to enforce a monarchic system of government. On 23 January 1934 AH/JOE resigned as 'War Minister and became Supreme .far Councillor. » 1806 174 In an extract from Cordel]. Hull's report on the Pearl Harbour investigation it is shown that on 21 February HIROTA, -24- Document No. 0001 Year: 1932 Cabinetj gaita EXHIBIT ' Vjl'lNESS REFEttaJCE Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs in a note to the United States declared he firmly believed no question existed between Japan and the United States which could not be settled amicably, 5015 437A An excerpt from the Manchukuo Government Bulletin of 1 March gives full information regarding Organic Law of Manchukuo. appointment of Emperor, etc. 3938 Fu-Yi On 1 March Pu-Yi became Bnperor of Manchuria. On 5 March QSHIMA was appointed Military Attache in Berlin. On 5 March UMEZU was appointed Lt. General in command of the China Army. Un 5 Jferch KOISO was in command of the 5th Division. On 15 March GSHIMA became a Major General. 2937 236 On 20 March the Cabinet decided to establish the Japanese- ^anchurian economic administration with the stabilization and promotion of the living of the people, establishing securely the base of Japan's world-wide economic expansion and the strengthening of Manchukuo's economic powers. 9388 935 In axi unofficial statement of the Japanese Foreign Office on 17 April, known as the Amau statement, Japan excuses her withdrawal from the League of Nations on the grounds of failure to agree with the fundamental principles of the preservation of peace in East Asia. Japan has no objections to foreign powers negotiating with China on questions of finance or trade so long as they benefit China and do not disturb peace in East Asia. The sending of supplies to China for political uses tends to alienate friendly relations between Japan and China and other countries. 9392 936 In a telegram from Grew to Hull on 25 April Grew relates an interview he had with Minister HIMOTA concerning the Amau statement. HI50TA stated that Amau had given this statement -25- uocument No. 0001 Year: 1934 Cabinet: Saito, Okada EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE without his approval and its contents tended to give a false impression that Japan was seeking special rights and privi- leges in China. However, there is no intention by Japan to create a privileged position and Japan's policy is to com- pletely observe and support the provisions of the 9-Power Treaty. On 29 April various decorations "for meritorious service in the war (or 'incidentU) between 1931 and 1934" were awarded to all the Accused with the exception of ARAKI and OKAWA. 9395 937 A memorandum of Hull dated 19 May relates to a visit from the Japanese Embassador at which the Japanese Ambassador read to Hull a telegram which in effect was a restatement of a statement made by Japan in London in April. The Am- bassador stated that Japan still had a special interest in preserving peace and order in China and Hull stated that as HIROTA wrote him, he too saw no reason 'why the two countries should not solve their difficulties in a friendly manner. The /ambassador stated his government was not disposed to abrogate or denounce any of the treaties. On 8 July the Okada Cabinet was formed. HIROTA retained Foreign Ministry. On 1 August HASHIMOTO was in command of 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment, HATA in command of 14th Division, and TOJO Major General in command of 24th Infantry Brigade. 9481 965 An informal memorandum of the American Embassy in Japan to Japanese Foreign Minister HIROTA of 31 August stated that Japan is setting up a monopoly control of the oil industry in Manchuria* This is contrary to the "open door" policy. These plans are apparently being formulated with concurrence -26- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE of Japanese nationals, and bearing in inind the many assurances given by Jap n to maintain the "open door" policy, the United States is approaching Japan on the subject. 9224 9I2A On .12 October the method and main points of enlightening public opinion on the preliminary negotiations regarding 1935 Naval Limitations Conference were decided. 4670 373 On 20 October the Asst. Secretary to the United States Treasury Department sent p. letter to the Commissioner of Customs regarding Its survey of the opium situation in China. 7739 743 On 23 October an official statement of USSR Consulate General at H rbin to A. i.mnchurian special agent of Japanese Foreign Office established the fact that repeated requests on the part of the Soviet Government and its diplomatic agents had been made to the Japanese Government Office and its agents regarding violations in the Chinese-Eastern Railway area resulting in the arresting of Soviet nationals. He requested measures be taken to stop these violations and normal func- tions of railway restored. 1178 1250 In a memorandum of 29 October of conversations between the United States and Japanese delegates, it is seen that with respect to plans for naval constructions, particularly aircraft carriers, the aircraft carrier, as early as 1934, //as recognized by Admirals Yamamoto and NAGA'O as the best type of naval arm for expansions and aggression. 4820 405 On 9 November the U.S. Treasury Attache Shanghai report stated that a huge transaction was being negoti ited between the Japan Formosan Government and the Amoy Combine for opium. 9385 934 In a communication from Grew to Hull of 14 November, it was stated that while it could be argued that Japan never openly guaranteed to maintain the open door policy in Manchuria -27- Document No. 0001 Year: 1934 Cabinet: Okada EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE after Manchukuo was recognized, Japan's recognition of the new regime was predicated upon maintaining these policies as seen from the Foreign Minister's (HIROTA) speech of 25 August 1932 and Japan's public statement of 15 September 1932. On 15 NOV amber NAGIJ'JQ was appointed Supreme <far CoTincillor. 2716 214 27 November was the date of the gentleman's agreement between the USSR and Mongolia, which was solidified by Protoco of 12 March 1936. 9405 939 On 30 November an aide memoirs was sent from the American Babassy in Japan to the Foreign Ministry stating that the United States found the statement unconvincing that the proposed control of the oil industries in Manchuria was not the concern of Japan. The United States cannot accept Japan's non-responsibility for the industrial policy in Manchuria and this oil monopoly and any other would violate article 3 °f the 9-tower Treaty. On 10 December MINAMI was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung i'm-my and Ambassador to Manchukuo. ITAGcifl, ^ajor General, became Vice-Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army and Military Attache to the Embassy in Manchukuo. 7742 749 On 15 December the Vice Iresident of the Chinese Eastern Railway wrote a letter to President li-Shao-Gen pretesting against the illegal seizure of quarters and buildings belong- ing to the railroad by Japanese, which hampered the normal function of the railway. 5113 451 The Imperial Ordinance No. 347 of 26 December contained a statement under which the Manchurian Affairs Board was organ- ized. Board was under the jurisdiction of the Premier and dealt with administrative affairs, encouragement of colonial enterprises in Manchuria, superintendence of rail, telegraph -28- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT FAGS WITNESS 9416 942 4734 384 7516 703 5906 11905 1326C 5041 443 4699 378 Year: 1934-35 Cabinet: Okida REFERENCE and telephone companies, and contained as members for admin- istration four Army or Navy officers. In a letter from Ambassador Saito to Hull on 29 December Japan notified the United Statjs of its intention to terminate the Washington Naval Treaty which will cease to b3 in force after 31 December 1936. On 15 January 1935 a government order was issued establish- ing infirmaries for drug addicts in the vicinity of Mukden and Chengteh. On 18 January SHIGEMITSU became Councillor of the Manchurian Affairs Board, In March a plan for strengthening the Army in N, Manchuria for operations against USSR was sanctioned by the Emperor, after approval by the Chief of the General Staff. On 9 March Foreign Air Attaches in Berlin were informed that th£ German Air Force had come into existence as of 1 March. A letter from the Southwest Development Company of 15 March stated that on the basis of reports on conditions for enterprises in Dutch territory, the company wanted permission to do experimental drilling in certain territories, strict secrecy to be observed when making investigations. Fart of the official Manchukuo bulletin of 23 March showed that Japan guaranteed the performance of the contract of the Manchukuo Government in the purchase of the N« Manchurian Railway, The report from the Treasury \ttache at Shanghai dated 1 April gives information on Japanese loans to encourage poppy cultivation in Jehol, and the consequent adoption of poppy growing by farmers in Jehol in order to gain financial benefit. -29- r) .<;• No, 0001 Year: 1935 Cabinet Okada EXHIBIT FAQS WITNESS HEFEREJOEi 9414 941 An oral statement of American Ambassador Grew to Foreign Minister HIROTA on 16 April complained of the creation of an oil monopoly in Manchuria. This monopoly and the throwing of a large part of American oil businesses into Japanese hands appears to the United States to be most Inequitable. Although Japan's peculiar relations and influence have been demonstrated in other issues, she disclaims responsibility for the measures taken in Manchuria. This inconsistency will have a bad effect on the United States' opinion of Japan. 2480 Ching On 10 June Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek issued an execu- 3300 57 tive order for friendly relations between Japan and China, On this same date the UMEZU-Ho-Ying-Ching Agreement was con- cluded. 2106 Tanaka The Hopei-Chahar Regime Treaty was concluded on 23 July but actual promise was made on 31 December 1934 when Chin Te Chun came to the Great Wall with three divisions from Mongolia. 8283 Liebert The Petroleum Industr;/ Law was effective 1 July and was the beginning of an intensive campaign to create a monopoly in the oil industry by inaugurating a licensing system for oil refining enterprises and oil importers. Subsequently imports were regulated by the Government. 8418 850 On 3 July a'Privy Council Meeting attended by HIRANUMA find HIROI.1 was held concerning (a) the conclusion of an agree- ment between Japan and Manchukuo on the establishment of a Joint Economic Committee, and (b) the changes to be made in the organization of .the Ministry of Communications. All members of Council were in favour of same and the agreement was signed on 15 Jul;/. 5055 445 ^n 3 5 July the Japan-Manchukuo Economic Commission Agree- ment was signed. Some of the measures agreed upon were the exploitation of mineral wealth and establishment of industries, -30- Document Wo. 0001 Year: 1935 Cabinet: Okada EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE mainly under control, tariff policy designed to protect foreign trade, and international transactions. 8433 Liebert On 17 July an agreement regarding the establishment of the Joint Economic Committee of Japan and Manchukuo was reached, 2147 Tanaka On 1 August UMEZU left North China, but nevertheless he played a large role in the preparations for the establishment of the North China autonomous government, which was formed in December (after his actual return). On 1 \ugust MUTO was appointed Lt. Colonel -and Member of the Military Affairs Bureau (War Ministry). 2708 213 On 3 August the first protest was filed by the Chinese to the Japanese regarding the flight of Japanese planes beyond demilitarized zone. Subsequent protests followed but no action was taken. 1018 134 Imperial Ordinance No. 249 of August 10 was the ordinance of the Youth School Military Drilling Course, allowing the War Minister to direct inspection of military drilling courses in schools by active military officers, except military schools; already controlled. 1019 136 Army Ministry Ordinance No. 8 of 13 August concerned inspection regulations for military training at youth schools. Inspectors were to make reports to army divisional commanders of their inspections at the schools. Cn 22 August inAToliOXii b-̂ ruao President of the South Manchuria Railway. On 21 September T0J0 was in command of the Kwantung Military Police. 9403 938 A statement of Hull on 25 September concerns the autonomy movement in Northern China and the United States attitude thereto. The United States is closely watching developments -31- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE since, in common with other nations, a large number of .American nationals, property, commercial and cultural activities of the United States are involved. 2283 197 On 2 October Wakatsugi, Secretary General, cabled the Japanese 4iibassy at Peking and Foreign Minister HIROTA, stating that he believes the Army is intending to organize an Independ- ent State of the province of North China States, free from Nanking government, On 3 October Italy invaded Ethiopia. 2967 240 On 25 October the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, Nishio, wrote to Furuso, Vice Minister of War, concerning plans for directing and controlling public opinion in Manchukuo. 11768 1307 On 31 October an official announcement was issued by the Foreign Office stating that the Japanese-Netherlands Treaty of 19 April 1933 had been ratified and a permanent Conciliation Commission set up under Article 12 for the settlement by con- ciliation of disputes not settleable by diplomatic means. HliiU'jUMA was Japanese member. 8436 Liebert On 1 November the yen bloc was established and Manchukuo's currency was legally cut off its silver basis and stabilized at par with the yen. This integrated the monies of the two countries. 7878 7?4a On 4 November SHIRATORI wrote a letter to Arita referring to USSR's present desire for peace with foreign powers. Therefore, pending affairs should be settled at an opportune moment. Japan should negotiate with USSR demanding removal of Bolshevik activities in East Asia, withdrawal of troops from outer Mongolia, etc., and settlement of fishing and forestry interests. Attitude of not refusing war if inevitable to be taken. Opportunity for such action is now open and -32- Document Nq, 0001 Year: 1935 Cabinet: Okada JLJIIBIT FAGS WHNJUS REFERENCE should not be missed. Otherwise USSR will continue to grow stronger and in ten years will be a powerful country. On 4 November NAGANO was appointed plenipotentiary to London Naval Conference. 2702 192 After devious underhand measures on the part of the Japanese to change the political structure of N. China and set up an autonomy, the '"Preparatory Committee for Autonomy in the War Zone" was organised on 24 November. 2702 211 On 25 November the Japanese established the Japanese dom- inated and controlled Eastern Hopei Anti-Comintern Autonomous Council in the demilitarised zone established by Tangku Truce. The Council proclaimed independence of the National Government. 3475 259 On 2 December Tada, Commander of Garrison Forces in North China, sent a report to Vice War "Minister Mikino Furuso con- cerning draft of outline for the military disposal of various railvfays in North China. On 2 December K0IS0 was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Korean nr:iy and HMTA, Chief of Army Air Force HQ, 2277 195 On 9 December Nishio, Chief of Staff of the. Kwantung Army, wrote a letter to Furuso, Vice Minister of War, which he re- ceived December .12, concerning propaganda to be employed in China to sever allegiance to the central government and make the Chinese believe the Japanese are "liberators". On 12 December SHIM'JJA became Vice Chief of Naval General Staff. 2704 211 On 18 December General Sung Cheh Yuan was appointed Chair- i an of Hopei-Chahar Political Council established for adminis- tration of N. China. -33- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT PAGE i/CTNESo itEFEixEUCE (" 9 -~I5 On 13 January 1936 KIM)TA despatched to Ambassador Ariyoshi in China a plan for dealing with North.China* This plan do-.It with the establishment of a self-government for North China, and the adjusting of relations between Japan, Manchukuo and China to promote the welfare of the three nations. % 16 943 In a telegram from Chairman Davis of the American delega- tion to the London Naval Conference to Hull on 15 January, he stated th t the United States had been most anxious to reach ah agreement for limiting naval armaments. The United States has considered all Japanese proposals for a common upper level in order to ascertain anything which might justify the United States in modifying its belief. The conclusion reached was that the common upper limit would not serve as a basis for negotiation and agreement. 9421 945 IJAGANO, Chairman of the Japanese delegation, in a message to the Chaiman of the London Conference on 15 January stated that in view of opposition to Japan's proposal for naval arma- ments, Japan can no longer continue her participation in the Conference. She remains convinced, however, that her proposal is best calculated to attain an effective disarmament and « cannot agree to the plans for limitation sub. itted by others. 11181 1251A On 15 January NAGANO, as leader of the delegation at the London Conference, stated that aircraft carriers ware the principal type of aggressive naval arms, and to establish a complete state of non-aggression Japan advocates the abolition of the aircraft carrier. 11184 Richardson On 16 January Japan led by NAGANO withdrew from the London Naval Conference. 8473 Liebert The Taiwan Development Company 'was formed pursuant to law of 3 February, for the purpose of developing industrial enter- prises In Formosa* -34- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 8543 Liebert 1831 Okada 5906 2714 214 7629 761a Year: 1936 Cabinet: Okada, HIBOTA .tiTFEIiENCE On 20 February, under Takahashi, Minister of Finance, Japan embarked on a series of financial programs emphasizing state control of economy for political purposes. On 26 February twenty-two Army officers and 1400 men revolted against the Government, terrorizing Tokyo and forcing the Government to resign (Okada Government). On 5 March mlNAMI bee .me attached to Army General Staff, Headquarters. On 7 iiarch DUHIH-VAA was appointed IT. General attached to Headquarters and later 1st Division. On 7 March German troops occupied the Rhinelaud. On 9 March KIHOTA became prii. e Minister, Foreign Minister and Supreme War Councillor. NAGANO became Navy Minister. On 12 march Protocol of mutual assistance between USSii and Mongolian People's Republic showing it was negotiated by iussî to stop Japanese aggression ana domination upon the mainland of Asia. On 13 March HIRANUMA became President of the *Jrivy Council (Kokuhonska dissolved). On 23 March UMEZU became Vico ;«7ar I Sinister .nd member of numerous Cabinet committees. On 28 March ITAG.iKI becaie Chief Staff of Kwantung Army and member of Japan-Maric'nukuo Economic Joint Committee. Extract of record of talk on 28 March between IT..GAKI oeishiro nd ibassador Arita concerning the importance of Mongolia to Japan and Manchuria. If Mongolia could be combined with Japan and Manchukuo, Soviet territory in the Far East would be endangered and it would possibly remove Soviet influ- ence from the Far East without fighting. In order to attain this, complete diplomatic relations between Manchukuo mid Document no. 0001 Year: 1936 Cabinet: HIIOTA EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS KiffEctErJCE Outer Mongolia, regarding latter as independent country, should be established, ignoring Soviet will. In event Man- chukuo should be invaded, Japan would hold fast every inch of territory, if Inner Mongolia is placed under Japanese influence, it would provide a buffer against communist influ- ence and the Imperial Army has been furthering its work towards Inner Mongolia for several years„ On 2 April Arita succeeded HIBDTA as Foreign Minister, HIEOTA remaining Premier. 4824 406 On 20 April the United States Treasury Attache, Shanghai, issued a report on the cheap sale of Persian opium in Foochow. This trafficking in opium has been brought about by two large opium traffickers to frustrate all competitors and prevent the Provincial Government from carrying out its plan of con- trol. The Fukien Autonomy Council is about to materialize, supported by Japanese consulates in Amoy and Swatow. Finan- cial resources of this Council will be obt ined from smuggling and drug traffic. 2705 212 On 7 May Ambassador Ueda cabled Arita, Foreign Minister, concerning proposals received at conferences of various repre- sentatives of communities of Outer Mongolia and Japan, held on 21st to 26th April. This conference considered the founda- tion of an independent Mongolian state by amalgamation of Mongolia and Outer and Inner Tsinghai. A Monarchy and a Mongolian Congress was to be established, a military Governmen organized and the conclusion of a mutual assistance agreement with Manchukuo. 4780 391 A report from the Treasury attache at Shanghai of 9 May states that in Chahar and Jehol, following the Manchurian Incident, heroin manufacture was taken over by a Japanese, Sakata Kumi, and the Taiman Kosi Company formed. Feasants -36- Jecument No, 0001 Year: 1936 Cabinet: HIEQTA EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS _tLiFStaiCE ,, ire forced to grow poppies aid the opium and heroin produc- tion increased three or four times. The heroin was exported to Tientsin, Dairen and Shanghai and a share of the co; pany given to the Japanese Consul. 93 Imperial Ordinance No. 63 of 18 May restored the old rule that War and Navy ministers and Vice Ministers must be gen- erals and admirals in active service. 1246 151 On 20 May outline of programme concerning the execution of intelligence and propaganda activities was issued. 8358 Liebert On 29 May the automobile Industry Control Law was enacted firmly to establish the necessary motor car industry enter- prise in order to adjust the national defense and develop the nation's industry. It provided that all companies undertaking to manufacture motor cars must be licensed by the Government, whereupon such companies were exempted from corporation, busi- ness and income taxes for a period of years. 4784 392 On 8 June the United States Treasury Attache at Shanghai reported the establishment of the narcotization policy of the six Hsiens of North Chahar, the setting up of distribution points in shops and stores and the transporting of the drugs from North Chahar to Kalgan and West Chahar. On 9 June HOSHINO became Vice Chief of Manchukuo Finance Ministry. 2944 237 On 10 Juno a treaty was signed between Japan and Manchukuo which gave the Japanese in Manchuria equal rights with Man- churians, afforded them freedom of travel, pursuance of pro- fessions, agricultural, industrial and commercial callings, 9427 948 Memorandum of Hull of 12 June stated that the United States had the impression that Japan ̂ âs seeking economic domination, first of East Asia, than of other places. The result would be -37- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT r AGE AETEiigNCE the expulsion of the United Stat is trading in Japan-controlled Chin'., which w- uld bo a serious question. The United States advocat=d equal opportunity and had never, b^ word or intima- tion, suggested to the Latin American countries the trade they should conduct with German;', Great Britain, Japan, etc. He saw no r̂ asv-n why Japan should not adhere to the world-wide principle of equality in all commerce and industry. 9547 978 A conference of the Foreign, war, Navy and Finance ministers —Arita, Terauchi, ILiGANO and Baba—was held -n 30 June on "xiatters pertaining to the outline of State lclicy." The fundamental policy was to secure a steady footing in the eastorr. continent as well as develop the South Seas. 9541 977 On 30 June the „ar and Navy Ministers (defendant NaG.JJO was Navy .Minister) decided on a "Basis for National Fo]icy," the fundamentals for which ware to be advancing and developing the South Seas as well as obtaining a firm position in the East Orient continent for stabilizing Japan's national defence. 4830 410 On 10 July the United States Treasury Attache at Shanghai reported that the Formosans in Anoy had resorted to all sorts of illegal activities, including smuggling opium mad ammunition. The Formosan Trade Union has therefore been established under the Japanese Consulate to safeguard Chinese traitors .and For- mosans engaged in smuggling, with a business department devoted solely to the buying and selling of opium. 4791 395 On 30 July the Treasury Attache at Shanghai roported that since the establishment of the demilitarized zone, the Chinese Government has been unable to suppress drug traffic. The addicts of the farm population have leapt from 5,000,000 to 27,000,000 and cheaper drugs have been imported from Dairen and companies established in various places to sell the Dairen drug. -38- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT i AGE WITNESS REFEHENCI On 1 Vugust KIL'iURi became Major General and Director of Ordnance Bureau ('.-Jar Ministry); SUZUKI appointed Colonel in command of 14th Infantry Regiment; HATA appointed Commander- in-Chief of Formosan Army. On 6 August MIM.'jn was appointed Governor-General of Korea. 2727 216 Basic principles of national policy decided by the Premier HIIiOTA, the Foreign, Finance, ,rny and Navy Minister, NAGANO on 7 august deal with policy to be established to secure . position in East >.sia continent. Intensification of national defense of Japan and Manchukuo in order to eradicate Soviet menace and prepare against Britain and America. 7878 704 Top secret decision made at Prime Minister HIROTA, Navy Minister NAGANO, War and Foreign and Finance Ministers' Conference on 7 August concerning state of relations between Japan and USSR, necessity of making North China pro-Japanese and anti-Co:imunist and to obtain resources for national defense and to extend traffic establishments. 2728 217 Second Administration policy toward China of 11 August set out the influencing of North China in pro-Japanese and anti- Communistic direction, improving national defense in prepara- tion against USSR. Make North China a base for cooperation of Japan, Manchukuo and China for mutual aid, by guiding politics and raking Nanking Government recognize the character- istic feature of North China. 12687 979 In the "Fundamental Principle of our National Policy" of 11 August 1936, signed by Prime Minister HIHOTA, .far Minister, Navy Minister NAGANO, Finance and Foreign Minister; these principles are laid down and include the establishment of the Japanese Empire in the Eastern Continent as well as developing the South Seas under the joint efforts of diplomatic skill and national defense. -39- Document No. 0001 Year: 1936 Cabinet: filROTA EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REr'EAi.'NCE On 27 August SHIGEMITSU was appointed Ambassador to USSR. 7755 753 Excerpt from a report of 11 October of the Frontier Groups Department of the people's Commissariat for Home .iffairs stat- ing that on this day Japanese troops crossed border in vicinity of Zaozernaya Hill, with a view to capturing land section with the square of 150 des yateens, but were driven out. 5953 482 un 23 October the Japanese Ambassador to Germany wrote Aibbentrop, enclosing copy of cable of same date he was send- ing to Foreign Minister Arita, informing him that secret agree- ment against Communist International will be decisive for Germany's future policy towards the USSR. 4701 379 On 31 October the American Consul at ..ukden sent the announcement issued by the monopoly bureau concerning authorized poppy cultivation for 1937c It was shown that there had been no decrease in poppy cultivation and an investigation had dis- closed that licensed opium dens were being operated in Mukden with absolutely no control over the quantity sold. 5931 479 -i- Privy Council investigation report on the conclusion of 484 the /jati-C .mintern I act to Baron HIK..NUM.. dated 20 November, shows that the Japanese had co-ordinated with Germany since 1936 for a joint defense against the "Red ieril" - through these negotiations an understanding has now been reached that a special pact should be established for this co-ordination. 4826 407 On 24 November the U.S. Treasury attache at Shanghai issued a report on the "Narcotic Drugs Menacing South Fukien." 5967 485 On 25 November a Privy Council Meeting attended by HIRANUMA, HIROTi, NAGANO, and TOGO was held at which the Anti-Comintern iact was- approved, the policy adopted toward USSR, etc. On 25 November the Anti-Comintern I act was concluded between Japan and Germany. 5936 36 The .aiti-Comintern Tact of 25 November with the attached 480 secret agreements, -40- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 7751 751 7751 751 8473 Liebert 12789 1290A 7531 706 to 7533 8481 Liebert Yoar: 1936-37 Cabinet: HIBQT* REFERENCE Excerpt from report of provocative actions of the Japanese in the Lake Hanka Area states that on the night of 26 November units of the 52nd separate Nanshan machine guns battalion occupied the mound "Pavlova" from USSR troops (day after sign- ing of Anti-Comintern Pact). On 27 November an excerpt from the report of provocative actions of the Japanese in the Lake Hanka Area states that Russian troops regained the mound "Pavlova" from the Japanese and Manchurians. On 27 November the South Sea Development Company was formec for the purpose of developing the South Sea Islands with par- ticular relation to fishing and other natural resources. HASHIMOTO states in his book "Addresses to Young Men," published 1937, that since Japan has been stopped from emigrat ing, and the inroads into, world market are being pushed back by high tariff walls and abrogation of commercial treaties, the only course open to her is territorial expansion. The South Sea Islands are quoted as an example of fields for development. The Dutch, who control the Netherlands East Indies, have only actually developed the small island of Java_, and the other islands are virtually untouched, but he stated Japan must be prepared to meet opposition from the British Navy, which protects these islands, in her southern advance. On 1 January official sources of the Red Army showed that the strength of the Kwantung Array was 271,000 strong, and Japanese Army as a whole 872,000 men strong. The Kwantung Army had 439 tanks, 1193 pieces of ordinance, 6 divisions and 500 planes. On 8 January exchange settlements in payments of imports amounting to more than 30,000 Yen per month were made subject to license, which was progressively lowered until it reached 1,000 Yen per month on 7 July (China Incident) and 100 Yen per month on 11 December. -41- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT PaOE WITNESS REFERMCE 4800 399 A report of the U.S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 13 January stated that in Tunghsien and Peiping there is a drug smuggling organ which solicits the protection of Japanese troops who have smuggled drugs to Peiping, by rewarding them with 35$ of the profits. 9158B 909A Privy Council meeting of 20 January attended by HIROTA and HIRiNUMA, concerning the introduction of the revised bill of the Parliamentary Law to the Diet, Regarding the Special Appointment of Admin. Officials of the South Seas Government, 1608 Ugaki Immediately after the fall of the HIROTA Cabinet on 1 February, Ugaki was ordered by the Emperor to form a new cabinet. At that time it was necessary that the War Minister be a General or a Lt. General on the active list and nomina- tions for this portfolio wore made by the Inspector General of military dXlucation (Sugiyama), the Vice Crief of the Army General Staff (Nishio) - (acting on behalf of the ailing Chief of the Army General Staff), and the retiring Jar Minister (Terauchi), Because of Ugaki!s policy when War Minister of reducing the Army and his refusal to participate in the March plot, he was unpopular with the militaristic group. .The three aforementioned Generals submitted three names for consideration for the post of War Minister - all three suggested turned down the appointment, and hence Ugaki was obliged to advise the Emperor that he was unable to form a Cabinet. On 2 February Hayashi Cabinet took office. (None of the Accused in Cabinet, but UMSZU remained Vice War minister and KAYA became Vice Finance Minister.) 4706 380 In a report of 4 February the American Consul General at Seoul, Chosen, revealed that the shipment of opium from Kwan- tung to Manchuria is on the increase. The director of the -42- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT FAGS WITNESS REFERENCE Korean Monopoly Bureau will go to Manchuria in February or March to conclude a contract, 4845 414 On 16 February the American Consul General at Shanghai states that following the enactment of the suppression of narcotics by China regulation on 1 January, there was a marked decrease in opium consumption. It goes on to state that the Japanese are operating numerous dens in Shanghai. 5052 445 On 17 February an "Official Report of Manchukuo Government 446 No. 066" was issued, consisting of a statement by the Manchu- kuo Government in connection with the results of the first 5 year administration, together with an outline of the next 5 * year administration. 2745 218 The 3rd Administration policy towards China of 20 February once more stated Japan's intentions with regard to the Govern- ment of China. Effectuation of pro-Japanese and anti-Comintern Manchukuo, preparation of defence against USSR. Adopt policy of co-ordination with Nanking Government and under cloak obtain material for munition industries. On 1 March MUT0 became a Colonel appointed Section Chief, Army General Staff .and (l April) concurrently member of Naval General Staff; DOKIHaRA was in command of the 14th Division; KAYA became a member of numerous official committees includ- ing Manchurian Affairs and Opium; TOJO became Lt. General, member of Japan-Manchukuo Joint Economic Committee and Chief of Staff of Kwantung -irmy; and ITAG^KI became Lt. General in command of 5th Division. 8605 Liebert In March the 5 y^ar plan for steel was started; it planned to achieve production of 6,200,000 metric tons per annum by 1941. -43- Document No. 0001 .EXHIBIT I \GE WITNESS ^281 462 8319 Liebert 4786 393 4827 408 2748 219 5048 444 5047 444 Year: 1937 Cabinet: Hayashi REFERENCE The Tokyo Gazette extract gives information that on 18 March the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Expeditionary Forces in China announced that factories under Japanese mili- tary supervision would be restored to their former Chinese owners as part of the political and economic policy of the Japanese Government. In April the 4th programme of "scrap and build" for shipping was started, providing for subsidized production of superior passenger and passenger-cargo liners of not less than 6,000 gross tons and 19 knots speed. On 8 April the report from the U.S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai gave information concerning the Japanese encourage- ment of poppy cultivation in N. Chahar. Methods used included freedom from land tax if poppies were cultivated, freedom from compulsory military training, etc. On 15 ipril the b.s. Treasury Attache at Shanghai issued a report on "Sidelights of Japanese Drug Situation in Fukien." "Flans for Guiding North China" of 16 April, decided by the Foreign, Fin nee, War and Navy Ministers (no defendants) again advocates a pro-Japanese and anti-Comintern China, and instructs regarding precautionary measures against misinter- pretation of Japanese intention; realization of development of natural resources, communications .and electricity. On 28 April SHIli-.TORI became attached to the Foreign Ministry On 1 May a law was promulgated controlling important indus- tries and supplemented by an ancillary ordinance which listed the industries affected. On 1 May law showing the government control of industry in connection with corporations and companies operating in Man- chukuo was passed. Approval of State Minister was reouired for expansion, revisions, etc. of company. -44- , nt No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet1 Hayashi, 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 4712 383 Excerpts from minutes of the 22nd Session (May 24) of the league of Nations Advisory Committee on traffic of opium and other dangerous drugs. On 25 May ITAGAKI was attached to Army General Staff. On 31 May HIROTA became a member of the House of Peers. 8264 842 On 29 May the mar Ministry issued "The Essentials of 5-year Program of Important Industries," concerning the building up of Japanese industry so that by '41 Japan, Man- churia, and North China will be self-sufficient in supply of important materials. Part I discloses that the Japanese War Ministry in its planning intended to make use of the reserves and materials of Manchuria and North China. 8296 liebeit In June there was organized the Fuel Bureau and its Coal Division had charge of use and distribution of coal, regula- tion of transport, etc., development of coal resources and technique of coal mining, nil done in cooperation with pro- ducers . On 4 June the first Konoye Cabinet took office. Positions then held by the accused were: ARAKI, Supreme «dar Councillor DOHIH.ARA, Lt. General in command of 14th Division H-.SHIM0T0, Colonel in command 13th Heavy Field artillery Regiment H.»TA, Commander Formosan Ariry HIPuJIUMA, President of Privy Council HLnOTA, Foreign Minister and President planning Board H0SHIN0, Chief, General Affairs Bureau in Manchukuo ITAGAKI, Lt. General attached Army General Staff KAYA, Finance Minister and member of several Cabinet Bureaus, including Investigation, Manchurian and Opium -45- locument No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE KIDO, Chief Secretary to Lord Keeper of Privy Seal (Education Minister Oct, 22nd) KIMURA, Major General, Director Ordnance Bureau, War Ministry KOISO, General, in command Korean '.rmy MATSUI, General, on reserve list MiTSUOKA, President, South Manchurian Railway MINAMI, Governor-General of Korea MUTO, Chief of Section, Army General" Staff NJj/JiO, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Fleet and concurrently First Fleet OKA, Captain Warship Zingei 0K,u"JA, Director General, East Asia Research Institute of South Manchuria Railway OSHBLi, Major General, Military Attache Embassy in Germany SATO, Lt. Colonel, Investigator Planning Office SHIGEMITSU, Ambassador to USSR .JHIMADA, Vice Chief, Naval General Staff SHIM.TQitl, on temporary duty in Foreign Ministry SUZUKI, Colonel in command 14th Infantry Regiment TOGO, Chief of European-Asiatic Bureau, Foreign Ministry TOJO, Chief of Staff, Kwantung Army UMEZU, Vice Minister of War ITAG.aKI received additional higher decoration for services In 1931-4 war. 733^ 672 In a telegram from TOJO, Chief of Staff, Kwantung .rmy, of 9 June, in which he informs Army General Staff of his future plans, extract shows that from the point of preparing to .attack the USSR, he was convinced that Nanking Regime should be first attacked to get rid of the menace in the rear. -46-t Document Wo. 0001 EXHIBIT FAGE WITNEoS 8269 842 9422 946 8260 841 8605 Liebert 2318 198 248 254 2326 Ching 2330 Ching YearJ 1937 Dabinet• 1st Konaya REFERMCE Tentative draft by army of "Resume of Policy Relating to Execution of Summary of 5-year Program of Important Industries" dated 10 June, which aimed at comprehensive productive power expansion for Japan. Scope of plan chiefly aims at perfection of foundation of national defense, and particularly restricted to essential industries re< airing rapid expansion. In a telegram from Grew to Hull of 18 June it is stated that Japan has clarified that she could not subscribe to qualit tive limitations on naval strength alone if it was not accompanied by a simultaneous restriction in quantity. On 23 June the five year plan for the production of war materials was prepared by the War Office and is a plan for achieving a wartime supply of principal war materials.- Its purpose is to provide stimulation and control of industries to secure in the end products which are vital to military effort. In July the 5-year steel plan of March was extended to 10,000,000 metric tons per annum. On 7 July the Marco Folo Incident occurred. Using the alleged loss of a Japanese soldier in the vicinity of the city of Wanping, and the Chinese refusal to allow Japanese troops to search the city, as an excuse, Japanese troops attacked Wanping. vt 0600 7 July Matsui (not the accused), Chief of the Japanese Special Service Board, phoned to report an incident in the vicinity of Lukouchiao. The Jipanese occupied the railway bridge leading to Chan- Sin-Tien on the morning of 8 July, but during the night the Chinese counter-attacked and wiped out most Japanese. Matsui (same as above) after this setback, was sent to Ching to ask for negotiations. -47- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT ir̂ GE WITNESS REFERENCE 333S Wang Wang refused an offer to a negotiations conference with G~ner 1 Kawabe 011 8 July because the Japanese did not cease their attack. 2447 Ching On 9 July an agreement was signed that the 37th Division of the 29th Army should be moved to another area and another division less hostile to Japanese should be employed in the Wareo i-olo Bridge area. Agreement reached between Ching and Gen. Chang Tzu Chung for China and Matsui for Japan. Witness Ching stated this took place on the 9th, but witness Wang testified the 22nd» Witness had been cross-examined on point whether he meant 19th not 9th, but he reiterated 9th. 2416 Ching On 10 July a preliminary agreement was reached to cease hostilities after initial incident. 2455 Ching On 11 July the Konoye Cabinet passed a resolution to send 260 more troops to Wareo *olo Bridge Area and push forward; fight- ing was thus resumed. 3321 Wang On 11 July at 11 o'clock shots were heard in the outskirts of Wan-ling City; investigation reports showed Japanese maneuvers to be in progress. 2331 Ching On 14 July war again broke out on ran intensified scale and the Japanese shelled Wan-iing, 9424 947 4 statement by Secretary of State Hull on 16 July stated that he had received many inquiries concerning disturbances in various parts of the world. With respect to the United States1 attitude to international problems, he stated she constantly advocated maintenance of peace, strengthening of international law, lowering or removing excessive barriers in international trade, and equality of commercial opportunity. 4735 3^4 Using excuse of the League of Nation's objections, the Uanchurion Opium Monopoly Administration succeeded in its -48- document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNJSSS REFERENCE portunities to the government and new laws were approved by the I'rivy Council of Manchukuo on 19 July and formally promulgated on 22 July. These laws - consisting of 32 articles - instituted governmental control over the sale, export and import of narcotics, and assist the Manchurian Opium Monopoly Association in control and use of narcotics, but did not constitute a drive against narcotic habits. 9429 949 In a memorandum of Hull dated 21 July a meeting between The Japanese Ambassador and Hull is referred to. Hull again expressed to the Ambassador his concern about the conflict between Japan and China and offered to do anything to mediate between the two parties. He cited several instances of attacks on American nationals and requested that such actions should not occur again. 2331 Ching On 25 July Japanese planes discovered Chinese troops ad- vancing northward with spearhead at Nanyuan. 2332 Ching On 26 July the Japanese sent an ultimatum to the Chinese re-uesting withdrawal from Peiping Area in 24 hours. In self- deferse the Chinese immediately attacked the Japanese in Fengati and Lukuochao areas. 4829 409 On 27 July the U.S. Consulate at Shanghai issued a report on ''Paul Yap and Fukien's Special Opium Suppression Commission- er now in Hankow awaiting trial." 2332 Ching On 28 July the Japanese attacked Nanyuan.. by land and air in great force. '-75 486-,. A telegram from the German Foreign Ministry to the German- Embassy at Tokyo on 28 July complained that Japan's aggression in China (Marco Polo Incident) is contrary to Anti-Comintern Pact and is forcing China into the arms of Russia. Japan's attitude to China does not facilitate position in case of war -49- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT FAGE WITNESS 2373 Ching 2332 Ching 8291 liebert 8488 Liebert 5018 438 8513 Liebert Year: 1937 Cabinets 1st Konoye REFERENCE with Russia, since Japan would then have a two-front war. Japan is attempting to excuse the China affair as a fight against Communism. The Japanese propaganda in Germany that China War is anti-communist and forcing Germany's sympathy is unwelcome. Germany will cease future arias shipments to China in order to maintain neutrality but will not antagonize Nanking by withdrawing military advisors, since it considers Russians- would replace them, Japan has been offered German armament help, but has not so far taken up the opportunity. On 29 July the Tung Chow incident occurred. .after attacks by the Chinese in Tientsin on 29 and 30 July, they were finally forced to retreat along the Tientsin-F'ukow Railway and prepare for a long-term resistance against the enemy. The Diet passed the Imperial Fuel Development Company Law in august, which established the Imperial Fuel Enterprise Company for the purpose of developing and financing the arti- ficial petroleum industry. The Foreign Trade adjustment Law was passed in nugust, precipitated by the "China Incident". This law empowered the Government to prohibit or restrict imports of certain commodi- ties after consultation with the Foreign Trade Council for the purpose of adjusting the balance of payments with any particular country and ensuring the supply of important commodities. On 3 august the Agreement of the Creation of the Manchurian Development Company was signed. On 10 august the Gold Reserve Revaluation Law was passed suspending the obligation of the Bank of Japan to convert Bank Notes into gold coins, ALso concentrated gold reserves of Banks of Chosen, and Taiwan with the Bank of Japan and re-valued -50- ~ jQ Jiit No. 0001 EXHIBIT f AGE WITNESS 9435 950 8322 Hob art 9437 951 8489 Liebert Year: 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye ildFEliENCE total gold stock from 472 million yen to 1219 million yen. The Gold 1-roduction Law was also passed on this date and its purpose was the stimulation of gold mining and the produotion of gold. Government was empowered to order improvements and expansions of mines and mechanisms for handling of gold, to control prices, to restrict consumption, and grant subsidies. Grew stated in a memorandum of 10 August that he had again asked HLtu'Li if there was some way in which he copld help in the present situation. He suggested a meeting of Japanese and Chinese plenipotentiaries to conduct negotiations and offered to help if difficulties arose therein. On 12 August the Iron Manufacturing Industry Lav/ was passed to develop iron manufacturing industries in Japan and strengthen national defense. This law provided that persons wishing to inaugurate iron manufacturing enterprises or suspend or alter facilities must first obtain permission from the government. In a communication from the Japanese Embassy in Washington to Secretary Hull on 13 August, it is stated that Japan con- curred with the principle contained in Hull's statement on 16 July and it was Japan's belief that the object of these prin- ciples can be obtained in the Far East only by full recogni- tion and practical consideration cf the actual circumstances of that region. On 13 august the law of the Foreign Trade associations was passed, establishing import and export associations for hand- ling of foreign trade. By indirect means this law formed all foreign traders into organizations which carried out policies of the government through the operation of Government imposed restrictions, in as much as the associations were charged with implementing the Government's policy. -51- Document No, 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet-' 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS ixXFZiKEHCS 3305 57 On 13 August an attack was opened on Shanghai, four days after the initial incident. On 15 August ilATSUI was appointed General. Commander-in- Chief, Shanghai Expeditionary Force, 9438 952 In a press release of the Department of State at Washington 23 August, it 13 stated that the United States is concerned in problems of the- ; ocifio Area not merely for the protection of its nationals and interests, but also since the conditions there art intimately connected with the general principles of policy announced on 16 July. The United States urges settle- ment of differences by negotiations, 3538 265 On 26 August two Japanese planes machine-gunned and bombed a car carrying the British Ambassador to China. On 26 August HATA became Director General of Military Education, one of the "big three" of the Wnr Ministry. 9568 988 In an aide memoire from the American Embassy to HIRQTA of 1 September attention is exiled to the fact that despite American request of 23 uugust to the Japanese not to bomb Nanking and thus endanger the lives of foreign nationals there, the Japanese had on the night of 26 August bombed the city and endangered UVS. lives and property. A request was made that instructions be issued to the military forces to discontinue these attacks. 8488 Liebert A law for the Temporary Control of Imports and Exports was passed in September, which set up licensing system to ensure that import transactions were directed towards the securing of necessary war-use commodities. Also gave wide powers of dis- tribution and consumption over these commodities and articles made from them. -52- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 8473 Liebert 3308 58 8553 Liebert 9456 955 8324 Liebert 9459 956 Year: 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye REFERENCE On 1 September the Korea Forestry Development Company was formed for the purpose of developing lumber industries in Kore On 2 September SATO, Lt. Colonel, was appointed Section Staff Member in Military Affairs Bureau (War Ministry) and (26 November) Secretary of Planning Board* In a speech made in the Diet on 5 September HIRDTA excused Japan's action in the incident at Shanghai, condemning China, and stating that the dispatch of Japanese troops to Shanghai was merely to protect nationals and a matter of duty. A Temporary Fund Adjustment Law was passed on 10 September with the purpose of adjusting the use' of funds within the country with a view to equi-balancing the demand and supply of commodities and funds. In a message from Grew to HIR0TA on 17 September he com- plains of the attack by Japanese planes on an American mission- ary hospital in Waichow, He urged that Japan take steps to avert any further attacks. The Iron Manufacturing Industries Law deforcement Ordinance of 20 September provided for special rates of subsidies for (l) steel ingot and steel billet for forging; (2) wire and rod, including tubing plates; (3) steel plates; (4) tube and pipe, In return the government was empowered to direct iron manufacture on matters of sale, prices, terms of sale, expan- sion and improvement of facilities, etc. On 22 September Grew in a message to HIitOTA stated that the United States objected to the jeopardizing of lives of United States nationals and the suggestion that its officials and nationals in Nanking should withdraw from that area. In view of the fact that Nanking is the seat of the Chinese government, the United States strongly objects to the creation of a situa- tion, as a result of which the American Embassy and other -53- EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 9460 957 9461 958 9462 959 9440 953 6845 618-A 8531 Liebert 9470 961 Cabinet: 1st, Konoye It̂ jfflBJCa agencies have either to abandon their establishments or be exposed to grave danger. A memorandum 25 September relating to a conversation between Hamilton, Chief of the Division of Foreign fairs, and Suma, Counsellor of the Japanese firbassy in Washington, objected to the killing of 2000 non-combatants in the recent bombing of Canton. He stated this creates a most deplorable impression in the United States. A resolution of the League of Nations Advisory Committee on 27 September condemned the aerial bombardment of open towns in China by Japanese planes and declared there was no excuse for such action. A press release of the Department of State on 28 September endorsed the resolution of the League of Nations of 27 September. In a communication from Hull to Harrison, Minister in Switzerland, on 28 September, he set forth the American atti- tude in connection with the Minister's contributions towards enabling the associates of Geneva to reach decisions of bene- ficial practical effect on common objectives to the United States and the League. In October France made the decision to suspend all passage of shipments of supplies to China via French Indo-China as given in Business Report of South Seas in 1940. On 1 October the Japan Transportation Company was formed for the purpose of developing transportation facilities in Japan. An address by President Roosevelt at Chicago on 5 October expressed grave concern at the position in the world and con- demned the killing of civilians and the murder with bombs from the air, which is being resorted to at the present time. -54- : .,e-.v ;nt Ho. 0001 Year: 1937 . Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 9474 962 The first report adopted by the League of Nations Assembly dated 6 October accused Japan of invading China and carrying out bombardment over wide areas. Japan's claim of promoting friendly cooperation between the two countries as her policy can not be justified on the basis of existing legal instruments, and is a contravention of Japan's obligations under the 9-Power Treaty and the Kellogg-Briand Pact0 9475 963 A press release of the Department of State on 6 October stated that Japan's actions in China are contrary to the provi- sions of the 9-Power Treaty and the Kellogg-Briand Pact and the United States is in general accord with the League of Nations. 6817 617-A On 6 October a resolution was passed by the League of Nations stating that the League expresses its moral support for China and recommends members refrain from any actions which might effect a weakening of China's power of resistance, and should, as far as they can, individually extend aid to China, On 15 October ARAKI and MATSUOKA were appointed Cabinet Advisers, 9444 954-A An announcement by HIBOTA on 20 October stated that the Belgian Ambassador had called him and invited the attendance of Japan at the convention of the signatory states of the 9-Power Treaty to be held in Brussels on 30 October. On 22 October KIDO became Education Minister. 2960 239 On 22 October a Cabinet decision was made to establish a powerful national political company to establish and develop heavy industry in Manchukuo. 4732 384 Official report dated 27 October from the Office of the U.S. Treasury Attache Shanghai concerned "Manchukuo Opium Monopoly Administration, Organization and Opium Conditions in Manchukuo -55- Document No. 0001 lear: 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFElSNCE in 1937." The report states that despite much talked of anti- narcotic purge in Manchukuo, there are not many changes in the organization of the Opium Monopoly Administration except the obvious enlargement of its activities and increase of its income during 1937. 9446 954-B In a reply from HB'aDTA dated 27 October it was stated that in view of the League of Nations' report of 6 October, which declared tivt by the military operations in China Japan had violated the 9-Power Treaty, Japan believes that there can not be a frank and full discussion and for this reason declines the invitation. On 27 October TOGO was appointed .Ambassador Plenipoten- tiary to Germany. MAT3UI was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Middle China Expeditionary Force on 30 October. From 3-24 November" -> Brussels Conference was held. 5983 486-B On 5 November peace terms were proposed by Japan through German mediation to Nanking Government for settlement of the China Incident. 6034 492 On 6 November a Privy Council Meeting attended by HInANUMA, HIBQTA, AitAKI -.nd KAIA regarding "conclusion of the protocol between Japan, Italy and Germany." Italy was admitted into the Japan-German Pact by signing of separate treaty between Japan, Germany and Italy, thus forming protocol. 3377 Tada On 12 November Shanghai was captured by Japanese fortes. 2998 242 On 13 November a telegram was sent from the Commander of the K.antung Army to the Vice Minister of War UMEZU and Vice Chief of General Staff concerning the suggestion that Manchukuo participate in the Anti-Comintern Pact. On 1 December SHIMADA became Commander-in-Chief, Second Fleet. -56- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT I TE "<TT:JS3 • REFERENCE 7560 719 Excerpt from Manchurian Confidential Files 1938 relating to the Flan of Stationing Meteorological Service System in Ohahau Sunyuan drawn up in December 1937 in order to establish a general and aeronautical meteorological service system in Inner Great Wall region in preparation for USSR war. 5956 483-A Excerpt from Tokyo Gazette of December, in which Japan proclaims to the world that the Japanese-German agreement was not directed toward any particular country. 5117 452-A The "6th Report on Progress in Manchuria to 1939 on Reorganization of Japanese Jurisdiction" shows that the re- linquishment of extra, territoriality over the southern Man- churian Railway Zone effected by Imperial Ordinance of 1 December 1937 caused many changes in the administration of Manchukuo to be brought about. 9419 944 In a message from Grew to HIROTA on 1 December he referred to reports that on 1 November a treaty was signed by Japan ending Japan's extra-territorial rights in Manchuria, and because of this a manifesto was being issued regarding the rights of foreigners other than Japanese in Manchuria. The United States registers emphatic objection to any attempt by Manchuria to exercise such jurisdiction and makes full reservation with respect to United States treaty rights. 59o3 486-B On 2 December a third communication was sent to the Chinese from the Japanese reiterating their peace offer of 5 November and stating terms still the same despite their military successes. 5303 463 On 5 December the Shanghai Tatao Municipal Government was organized in Shanghai as the first step towards creating a new regime in Central China. 906 On 11 December Italy resigned from the League. -57- r Document Wo. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 2533 Wilson 3517 263 456 258 2636 Bates 2610 Chen 3853 Goettc 4509 323 9451 954-C 3509 262 4462 Fitch 8472 Liubort Year s 1937 Cabinet: 1st Konoye REFERENCE The Japanese attacked Nanking, all resistance having ceased, on the night of 12 December. On 12 December the USS Panay, an American ship operating in the Yangtze River protecting nationals and maintaining communications between Nanking and Hankow, was sunk by the Japanese. Survivors were picked up by H.M.S. "Ladybird," which was subsequently also sunk by an artillery unit commande by HASHIMOTO, On 13 December the Japanese entered the city of Nanking and placed guards on all government and party buildings, On 14 December the shooting and killing of Chinese in Nanking with marks on hands or heads which might signify thoir having boon in the Army was started. Also on 14 December the inauguration of the so-called provisional government of the Republic of China at Peiping by Mr. Wang Kehmin was performed. A letter of 16 December from Smythe of Nanking Safety Zone cited situation prevalent in city and requested that steps be taken to effect the city's return to normal life. In a noto delivered by Sir Robert Craigio to the Foreign Minister on 16 December, he objected to the attacks made by Japanese air and land forces on British warships and shipping at Wuhu and near Nanking on 12 Decorriber„ On 18 December MATSUI issued a press release concerning the memorial day for dead killed in fighting for Nanking. 19 December was, according to the testimony of Fitch, the "day of complete anarchy" in Nanking, On 20 December the Manchukuo Imperial Ordinance No. 460 was promulgated with the purpose of expediting the development and establishment of heavy industries and control of those industries at the direction of the Manchurian Government, -58- T c • ant No. 0001 Year: 1937-38 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE 'WITNESS REFERENCE 9477 964 A telegram from the Commander-in-Chief Yarnoll of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet to the Secretary of the Navy on 23 December stated that the opinion that the USS Panay was engaged in carrying out the policy of the United States of protecting American lives and property when it was sunk by Japanese aviators had been confirmed. $984 436-B On 27 December a new peace offer was sent to Chinese by Japan, altering conditions of 5 November offer for peace and making them more ssvere in view of changed conditions. 2577 Hsu On 1 January 1938 the burning of the Russian Embassy in Nanking took place. 4603 329 On 1 January the provisional self-government of Nanking was set up and officially proclaimed, although not yet capable of proper government. 4854 415 - report of the U.S. Treasury Attache Shanghai of 2 January concerned a settlement which the Japanese were negotiating <ith the'Chirmao opium merchants, whereby the Japanese are paid 15,000 yen a month as license fees for the sale of opium. 5994 486-D On 5 January a telegram was sent from Ambassador Dirksen to the German Foreign Office showing that other military aggression was threatened by Japan at this time. The Foreign Minister of Japan is demanding swift reply by China immediately because "new military operations are planned". 5990 486-D A memo of German Foreign Minister von Neurath of 10 January regarding interview with TOGO shows that Germany by secret negotiations endeavored to lead Japan into altering the policy with respect to military aggression in China. TOGO, while not accepting Chiang's Govern- ment, could see the advantage for China of an early -59- Year: 1938 gpqument No. 0©01 Cabinet-: 1st 1 pipyg EXHIBIT JLSS, W1TNJS,S" PJL'ERffllCE peace, but unless the Chinese succumb to Japanese demands, Japan will fight to the bitter end. TOGO stresses the German-Japanese economic development of China, non-recognition of Manchukuo excused by Germans. 5992 486-F A t jlegram from the German Ambassador to the Foreign Min- ister of 10 January reported break of relations between Japan and China. HIRDTA excused the decision as a precautionary measure in case of China's refusal to their demands. HIROTA stated that the military insisted upon an immediate answer. On 11 January KIDG concurrently became Welfare Minister. 5302 463 An Imperial Conference was held on 11 January for the dis- position of the China Incident. 5989 486-0 A telegram from the German Ambassador to the Foreign Office at Berlin on 11 January informed them of Japan's alterations to previous peace roposals for settlement of the Chin,: Incident, and embarrassment caused to Germany. 5995 486-D A telegr m from .jabassador Dirksen to the Reich Minister giving report that the Privy Council meeting of 11 January decided on a declaration of war, continuation of hostilities, denial of Nanking Government, and the substitution of Peking Provisional Government, in the event of a Chinese refusal of their terms. 7562 719-A A telegram addressed to Vice War Minister UMEZU and Vice Chief of General Staff by the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army TOJO of 11 January stated that in order to establish anti- Soviet fortifications as scheduled for 1938 and 1939 more men would be needed and funds should be provided from Manchukuo budget. 5990 486-E Cable from German Foreign Office to German Ambassador at Tokyo of 12 January answering cable of 11 January and stating that they had noticed Japan's deviations from HIEDTA's state- ments. Japanese military a pear to be taking a new stand -60- Year: 1938 Do ji.t No. " T'1 C"' inot: 1st Konoye 7 • R. j j.. v., RJM ERENCE against the Foreign Ministry. Germany does not wish to be exhibited as a tool of a Japanese trick. 7561 719-A Dispatch of 12 January sent from TOJO. Chief of Staff Kwan- tung Army, to UMEZU, Vice Minister of y/ar, concerning the installation of meteorological observation organs in Mongolia, which from standpoint of China Incident and anti-Soviet strategy must be promptly completed. 5983 486-B A telegram was sent from Trautmann, German .jnbassador to China, to the Foreign minister in Germany on 13 January regard- ing tho mediation given by Germany in the China-Japan conflict. China is unwilling to commit herself to Japan's peace demands without full knowledge, because of lack of information. 5985 486-C On 14 January, Dirksen cabled the Reich ; inister telling him of HIRGT.v'0 anger at Chinese declaration on the attempted peace settlement, although he had pointed out to HIROTM that further communications to China had been most indefinite. On 16 Ja.nu.1r3; the Japanese issued a statement announcing they would iw leftgwr deal with o'imnese . ational Government;, 9506 972-A A state; .ent of the Japanese Imperial Government on 16 Jan- 266 uary stated that China, evoii a iter the fall of Nanking still 268 maintained her obstante attitude; and Japan is looking forward to a China regime which can be counted upon with whom to co- oper at to adjust rel oions and build a new China. Japan again reiterated her respect for Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity. 5999 486-0 On 17 January Dirksen cabled the Reich minister criticizing the Japanese breaking off of negotiations with China and his anxiety expressed to HIROTA about estrangement of relations between En:-.Land and Japan, bolshevization of China, and weakening of Japan towards Russia by tying up strength with China. HIAOT 1 answers that aggravation of ..ihgland was to be avoided, Chiang was anyhow under communistic influence and he was not counting on a long China rfar. 7871 770 A tel.:gram from the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army TOJO to the Vice Minister of ar UM3ZU dated 17 January -61- Document No. 0001 Year: 1937 Cabinet: HIRJTA, Hayashi EXHIBIT p.AGE WITNESS REFERENCE 7871 770 showed +:hat a secret air route was established between Japan and Germany. 8532 Liebert The Imperial Fuel Enterprise Company was formed on 19 January for purpose of developing artificial petroleum., 9516 972-F On 22 January Konoye stated in a speech to the Imperial Diet that Japan's aim was to unite Japan, Manchukuo, and China and thus contribute to world peace. He outlined policies of in- creasing productive power and economical and financial measures. 522 972-G On 22 January HIROTA made an address to the Diet, in which he stated Japanese attitude to the China Affair has been clarified in public statements. He then went on to justify Japanese actions in China, blaming the Chiang Ivegime for their pro-communist and anti- Japanese sympathies. 7838 762 On 24 January Ueda, Commanding General, Kwantung Army, submitted his opinion concern- ing the establishment of New China from the standpoint of the Kwantung Army. Excerpt relates to ultimate organization of central government in Forth China, encouraging con- tribution of natives to preparation for war with USSR. 7563 719-A Draft of inquiry to Vice Chief of Staff from Vice War Minister UMEZU, dated 25 January, relating to extension of the term of military service for enlisted men ef 1935 belonging to the units in Manchuria. -62- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXFIBIT PAGE TONESS REFERENCE COOZ 486 Report of Ambassador Dirkson on 26 January showed that shortly after the Cabinet mooting of 16 January, Germany reoriented her policy toward Japan. This included blaming China for cessation of negotiations, anticipating Japanese victory and Chinese turning more to- wards Russian communism, revision in policy of armament shipments to China which are antagoniz- ing Japan, withdrawal of German military advisers from China since they now no longer have the confidence of the Chinese and are merely causing Japanese distrust, clarific a 11 on on war shipments to China, recognition of Man- chukuo, and transfer of dealings, etc., to Forth China Regime and Peiping Government. 5311 463 "he programme for the direction of Central 5315 China Administration was decided on 27 January and provided for the establishment of a highly pro-Japanese regime5 annihilation of the Chiang regime and abolition of Communist and Nation- alist Parties. The name will bo the Central China Provisional Government and it will be established first at Shanghai and later at Nanking. 7564 719-A On 27 January, Chief of the General Staff Tada replied to Vice War Minister UMEZU sanc- tioning the extension of service of enlisted men of 1935 who enlist in March attached to units under command of Kwantung Army (in reply to request 11 January). -63- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet s 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6016 486-1 A report of 28 January from Von Feurath showed that Japan was determined to conduct a long China war and that Japan made economic overtures to Germany regarding trade in China A memo from Weiz sacker of the same date con- cerned a talk with Ambassador TOGO about cooperation with Japan by Germany in the new China which is to be constructed. 7564 719-A On 29 January, UMEZU Vice Minister of War informed TOJO C/S Kwantung Army, that his request for extension of military service of enlisted men of 1935 had been approved by Tada, Chief of General Staff on 27 January. 9464 96O On 31 January, a press release was issued by the Department of State stating that the American Embassy in Tokyo had made representa tion to the Japanese Government concerning the slapning of a Mr. Allison of the American Embassy in Nanking by a Japanese soldier. 9507 972-B In a statement of 31 January, the Japanese Government admitted the slapping of Mr. Allison, an officer in the American Embassy in China. 9493 968 In a communication from Grew to Foreign Minister KIROT'A of 31 January, ho complained of'the revision of customs rates by the Poip- ing Provisional Government, and charges that the legal Chinese Government is the only one authorised to do this. In view of the fact that Japan is responsible for th. creation Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE of this regime, the United States is address- ing her representation to that country. 4832 411 The' report of the Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 2 February, tolls of the Japanese occupation of Shangchuahshan and Hsiaehuanshan followed sharply by smuggling of cheap opium and the carrying on of this narcotisation policy simultaneously with military campaign. 9497 969 On 4 February, Grew notified HIROTA that numerous complaints had been received concern- ing the total disregard for American property in China. 2644 Bates On 6 or 7 February, the situation in Nanking improved and wholesale atrocities died down. 4588 328 On 6 February, the American Embassy relayed information to the Secretary of State concern- ing an unofficial speech by General Amaya at the Japanese Embassy on the local situation in Nanking, and reports being sent abroad by foreign Governments. On 14 February HATA, General, was appointed Commander-in-Chief Central China Expeditionary Force. 3445 256 On 17 February, accused HATA became Commander-in-Chief of all Expeditionary Armies in China. 6016 On 20 February, Chancellor Hitler recognised Manchukuo and expressed preference for a Japanese victory. -65- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 7:7 338 Under Order 33 of 24 February, in Dr. Hoo Chi-tsai's statement at the League of Nations, the Peiping Government took a hand in the narcotic situation and rescinded Chinese cen- tral government's provisional anti-opium and anti-narcotic laws and regulations and re- leased detained offenders. 8274 Liebert In March, the first step was taken towards organising the power industry on a completely totalitarian basis with the promulgation of the Electric Power Control Law. 838O Liebert The Aircraft Manufacturing Law was promul- gated in March, which provided for the licens- ing of manufacturers of aircraft, aircraft parts and accessories by the Japanese Govern- ment. Subsidies wore granted in the form of exemptions from income and business pro- fit taxes, local Government taxes, import tax on tools, machinery, and material necessary for development of plants, as well as encourage- ment money for the manufacture of new tĵ pes of aircraft. 8436 Liebert In March, the Yen bloc was enlarged when Japan, hor colonies, Manchukuo and the domi- nated parts of China accepted the money notes issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of China. Under the regulations then effected Manchukuo and China utilised the Yen balances supplied by Japanese banks practically as their ex- clusive currency reserves. -66- l document 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE On 5 March MATSUI retired from the Army. 8293 Liebert On 7 March, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry Ordinance No. 8 provided a ration- ing s3''stem for the use of petroleum, curtail- ing motorcar gasoline by A-0% and taxis etc., by 30$. 8444 Liebert The Japanese sponsored Federal Reserve Bank of China, incorporated on" 11 February, 1938, actually commenced business on 10 March, with the main purpose of stabilising currency and control of money market and foreign exchange; and for such purpose it was authorised by the Government to manufacture and issue currency. 4861 382 On 14 March, an agreement was concluded on Iranian opium purchases between the Mitsubishi Trading Company and the Mitsui Bussan Taisha through the Foreign Ministry. On 15 March HATA returned to Tokyo as military councillor. 9 4 9 0 967 In an address by Hull on 17 March, he re- ferred to America's determination to protect the rights of her nationals and their property in China. 9503 971 On 26 March, Grew protested to HIROTA con- cerning the continued occupation by the Japanese of certain United States properties in Shanghai. He cited loot and destruction by fire as two of the maltreatments of property. 5378 436 On 28 March the Japanese-sponsored Restora- tion Government of the Republic of China was formally established. -67- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet s 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 8297 Liebert On 29 March an act to promote the produc- 8325 834-5 tion of minerals was passed in order to 'pro- mote production of coal. Under this law the Government could order all owners of mining rights to commence mining operations or soil their mining rights to those who would do so. The act provided that all operators of mines wore to be licensed and all owners of mines and mining rights had to submit for approval by the Government a plan for the development of their minos and rights. 4'75l 386 On 2 April, the U.S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai reported on tho opium situation in North China and Manchukuo. 9499 970 In an aide m moire from the American Minister in Japan to HIROTA on 4 April, he complains of th continued imposition of re- strictions to prevent the return of United States nationals to Nanking, and points out that three months have now elapsed since Nanking was occupied. 6634 599 On 5 April, Hitler and Ribbentrop informed the Emperor that Ott had been appointed Ambassador to Japan. 5276 461 On 8 April, the China Iron Mine Company, was formed with the purpose of developing the natural mineral resources of North China. 6097 502 On 26 April, Ribbentrop cabled the Gorman Ambassador in Tokyo, giving his account of negotiations for military alliance. Discusses provisions of the Pact and Japan's desire not -66- Document No. 0001 Year: 1933 Cabinet °< 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS R E F E R E N C E openly to oppose the democracies (U. S. and U.K.) at this time. 8348 Liebert On 28 April, the Light Metal Manufactur- ing Law was enforced whose aim was the estab- lishment of the manufacturing business of light metals with the object of contributing towards the adjustment of national defence. Light metals within the meaning of the law were aluminium and magnesium. 8474 Liebert The North China Development Company was formed pursuant to Law 81, 30 April, for the purpose of promoting the economic develop- ment of N0rth China and for controlling and coordinating the economics of North China. giving laws Nos. 81 and 82 of 30 April, con- cerning the N0rth China Development Company, Ltd., and Central China Promotion Company, Ltd. 8395 Liebert The National General Mobilisation Law of May was the basic legislation for the com- plete mobilisation of all facilities for war economy not otherwise provided. 7566 720-A A secret telegram dated 11 May from the C/S _ of the Kwantung Army Headquarters to the Chief of Military Affairs Bureau, Naka- mura of War Ministry shows that the command of the Kwantung Army attributed an important role to the South Manchurian Railroad Company in preparing operations against USSR. 5251 459-A Extract from Tokyo Gazette of August -69- Document No. 00G1 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye ,.].;•:!' I'31'.C PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 2999 242 In a telegram of 14 May from Tada Vice Chief of the General Staff to the General Staff of the Kwantung Army, it was stated that a treaty of amity between Manchukuo and Germany had been signed and diplomatic relations established and that it was desired to have Manchukuo enter the Anti-Comintern Pact 9608 997 Grew telegraphed Hull on 18 May informing him that HIBOTA had conferred with him on the impressions prevalent in some countries, that Japan has territorial designs on the South Seas. Since the occupation of Hainan and Spratloy Island this apprehension had been aroused and if the United States would desire it, some steps could be taken to dis- pel this by entering into conversations with the United States. 8789 862-A Excerpt from Japan Advertiser of 19 May relative to the scope of General National Mobilisation Law taking in every private industry (toys and raw silk may be included) explains that Japan has to have national defence nolicy since she is surrounded by potential oncoiies - USSR, China and the United States and British fleets; this defense will be executed through the above law, bjr mobilis- ing her national power, etc. Spiritual and moral mobilisation is also essential to success 8790 863-A On 20 May the Japan Advertiser published an article entitled "Army Explains War Bill". -( 0- Document No. 0C01 Year; 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 996 Cn 22 May Dooman cabled the Secretary of State relating that missions at Tangho and Tungpeh and hospital property at Kingmen, Hup oh had be-on bombed. 2997 242 On 2.4 May, the Vice Minister of War UMEZU cabled the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, TOJO, stating that Japan approves of Manchukuo's participation in the Anti- Comintern Pact, but suggests Manchukuo her- self request the right to enter and Japan assist her. On 26 .iay, ARAKI became Education Minister KIDO remained Welfare Minister, HIROTA and XAYA resigned. 9537 974 On 30 May, the American Embassy in Japan informed Japanese Foreign Minister Ugaki that American missionary property at Nan- tungcho'7 had been bombed by Japanese planes. On 30 May TOJG became Vice War Minister, Chairman Armv Munitions Council and Member of numerous Cabinet Committees and of Naval Council. UMEZU became Commander-in-Chief of First Army. 11,895 1326-A On 30 May a letter was sent from Kotani of the Europ.-Asia Bureau to Mr. Kanoko sub- mitting a plan for th establishment of a Japanese newspaper in tb Malay language in the Netherlands East Indies. 9538 975 The American Embassy informed Foreign Minister Ugaki v/ho haa recently replaced HIRCTA, on 31 Kay that the American Presby- terian Chapel at Haichow had been bombed or, 24 and 23 Hay, as well as other chapels and Document No. 000] EXHIBIT WITNESS 9540 976 8605 Liebert 3675 273 8491 856 857 9554 980 1020 138 Year: Cabinet : 1938 1st Konoye REFERENCE schools at Shaiho. On 3 June ITAGAKI became War Minister and President of Manchurian Affairs Board. A message from the American Embassy to the Foreign Minister Ugaki on 10 Juno stated that American residences in the Soochow Hospital had boon occupied by Japanese troops. On 11 June, a moral embargo was placed by the United States on aircraft, armaments, engine parts, aerial bombs and torpedoes. On 18 June DOHIHARA became attached to General Staff Headquarters. A message of 19 June concerning special investigations of Inner Mongolia was sent from Ishimoto (Chief of Staff, Japanese Army in Mongolia) to TOJO, Vice Minister of War. The document deals with the investigation of im- portant districts on the Mongolian border, natural resources of the country, etc. The Chief Secretary of the Cabinet, Kazami, notified ITAGAKI, the War Minister, on 23 June, that the problem of acquisition of foreign ex- change for acquisition of essential materials was very serious. He advocated enforcement of urgent measures vital to general mobilisation. On 28 June Grew protested to Ugaki concern- ing the attack by Japanese pianos on an American Southern Baptist Mission at Pingtu, Shangtung. Extract from pages 516-517 in the Existing Law and Ordinance,of the Education Ministry entitled "for the cultivation and enlighten- -72- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye K C F T B T T •iL: I I ' R E F E R E N C E ment of students anc! pupils through the faculty members of the schools concerned in view of the present situation", dated 29 June (ARAKI Minister) increased the efforts by both teachers and students for greater deve- lopment of study and culture and domestic training for women. 6585 591 Pro Momoria (Berlin) of 29 June, regard- ing the promotion of close economic co- operation between Japan and Germany in China. German foreign trade in China should bo on the same footing with the Japanese, same custom treatments and German interests to be 6588 592 awarded most favourable treatment. On the same day Ribbentrop in a memorandum gave an explanation of his discussion with TOGO by the Pro Memoria on the subject of economic co-operation in China. Japan, TOGO said, would grant Germany first priority on her interests, but would not commit herself in definite treaty form. Ribbentrop mentioned probable withdrawal of German military advisers from Hankow on 5 July, but stated that the publicity given in Japanese press to Germany's recognition of Peking Government could be withheld. On 1 July, KAYA became Adviser to Finance Ministry, 1774- Tereshkin On 3 July, a patrol on the Zaozenaya Hill saw Japanese approaching the hill. Subsequent investigation found that villagers had been evacuated in the vicinity on 6 July and -73- Document 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6591 593 7334 671 7807 753 7807 753 7759 754 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye REFERENCE strengthening and reinforcement of Japanese troops in this area continued steadily through- out the month. Memorandum of Wichl of 6 July concerning conversation with TOGO on the subject of trade in China. TOGO persists that the Japanese Government cannot agree to give Germany equal treatment with Japan on the subject of taxes, etu., while Germany maintains Germany should be granted concessions above other powers. A newspaper report from the Japan Advertiser 11 July relates to a speech by ARAXI in which he stated "Japan's determination to fight to a finish with China and the Soviet Union is sufficient to carry it on for more than a decade". On 15 July SATO appointed Colonel, Army Spokesman, War Ministry. Extract from a report of the Frontier Corps Dep. dated 15 July, states that Japanese gendarmes violated the border and penetrated deep into Russian territory, whereupon Russians opened fire and one gendarme was killed. 1 Extract from report of the Frontier Corps Dep. of 16 July states that Japanese demon- stratively captured 'the border hill 406.1 (Mt. Shirumi) on Thursday. On 20 July, MATSUI became Cabinet Adviser. Gist of talk between Litvinov and SHIGEMITSU on 20 July, concerned the occupation by the Russians of the Chang-Ghu-Feng District west -74- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT ,-AGE WITNESS ^ J S E N Q E of Lake Chang Ghi and fortification of same which they maintain is in agreement with border set up by Khunchum Agreement. Japan requested USSR to evacuate area, Russia refused, SHI- GEMITSU tried threats of force and still they failed„ 7814 757 Extract from battle actions of the Red Army General Staff gives information that several violations of frontier were made by Japanese forces on 22 July. 6604 595 Account to Wiehl dated 24 July, of the situation concerning German economic interests in Japanese occupied China; it shows that once Japan acquired military control of the areas in China, she subjugated the Chinese economy in those areas. 7755 753 Extract from report of Frontier Corps Dep. of 25 July states that Japanese troops on Manchurian territory fired at Russians, who did not return fire. 7807 753 Extract from report of Frontier Corps Dep. of 26 July states that a Japanese detach- ment captured border hill of Mt. Ghartova while the Russians were handing to the.Japanese two Japanese trespassers. 6597 594 Memorandum by Wiehl dated 28 July relates to trade in China. Continuation of discussion on German demands in Pro Memoria on the lines of freer trade concessions for Germany in North China. -75- Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye REFERENCE Subsecuent to preparations commenced on 3 July, on 29 July, the Japanese attacked the Russian troops in the Zaozenaya Hill area. Forth China Telegraph and Telephone Company, Ltd., was established on 30 Jul}/, capitalised at 35 million yen, made up of investments by Provisional Government of China amounting to 10 million yen. Remaining 25 million by the Forth China Development Company. On 30 July, the Japanese-sponsored regime combined with the Provisional Government of Peiping following the adherence of Committee of Maintaining Peace in Peking District, Committee of Maintenance of Peace in Tientsin, etc „ Under the regulations for enforcing the Oil Resources Exploitation Law (Commerce and Industry Ordinance Fo. 722) of 30 July, it was necessary for the owners of oil rights to make renorts to the Government concerning the progress of oil exploitation. 7777 Tereshkin Japanese troops kept on firing throughout 30 July, but Russian troops did not return the fire. 7777 Tereshkin Japanese troops again violated the border on 31 July and tried to encircle Zaozenaya Fill and capture Russian guards stationed there. USSR troops returned fire. 7815 757 Extract from Journal of Battle Actions of the Red Army General Staff states that 5000 Japanese troops were observed at Dunnin on 1 August. - 7 6 - Document 0001 EXHIBIT P * GE 7"rITFESS .'/o Tereshkin 5269 461-A 5300 463 8289 Liebert Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet s 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PASS WITNESS REFERENCE 7782 Tereshkin Japanese engaged Russian troops with artillery as well as infantry on 1 and 2 August. 7816 757 • Extract from the Journal of Battle Action of the Red Army General Staff states that the movement of 40 tanks was observed on 30 August from ;,Verhnya Pad Sannaya" in the direction of Suifunska Hill. 7813 756 Affidavit of Batarshin states Russians launched an offensive against invading Japanese troops on 6 August, 3684 273 On 7 August the bombing of airfield at Nanchang took place. 7817 758 Record of talk between Litvinov and SKIGEMITSU of 7 August states that Litvinov informed SHIGEMITSU that the Japanese were continuing their attacks and that the USSR would cease hostilities if Japanese would cease attacks. Otherwise Russians would be forced to retaliate and even bring air strength to bear. 3684 273 On 9 August the bombing of Chian airfield by the Japanese took place, 3685 273 OnlO August it was decided to terminate hostilities between Japan and Soviet Russia on 11 August. 3684 273 On 11 August, the bombing of Wu-Hang San Chen by the Japanese took place. 3685 273 On 11 August hostilities between USSR and Japan ceased. 7813 756 Affidavit of Batarshin stated that by 12 August all Japanese had been driven from Russian territory and stopped on former j r77- Document No: 0001 Year: 1938 • Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFER' ..NCE state frontier. C-555 981 On lb August, Grew made an emphatic re- presentation to Foreign Minister Ugaki, con- cerning Japanese attacks on American property at ruchang, 3612 270 Gist of a talk of 25 August and 29 August by SATO, Chief of the Press Section of the War Ministry regarding policy in dealing with China Incident. 9556 982 On 26 August a press release of the State Department stated that tho United States had protested concerning the unwarranted attack on 24 August near Macao by Japanese planes upon a commercial plane of the China National Aviation Corporation, resulting in the danger of the life of the American pilot. 7824 759 Record of talk between Litvinov and SHIGEMITSU on 31 August concerned SHIGEMITSU's admission that the Japanese government's de- mands had no grounds and accepted the Soviet proposal of the redemarcation of the frontier based on the Khunchun agreement. 8473 Liebert The Japan Gold Production Enterprise Company was formed pursuant to the 16 September Law for the purpose of developing the production of gold in the dominated areas as well as Japan proper. One half of the original capital was supplied by the government. 9511 972-C In a communication from Foreign Minister 60 Ugaki to Secretary General Avonal of the 61 League on 22 September, he acknowledged the 62 invitation by the League for Japan, but de- -78- Docirment No: 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye DEFERENCE clined the invitation. On 22 September SHIRATORI became Ambassador Plenipotentiary to Italy and SHIGEHITSU to Great Britain. 9573 989 On 3 October Grew informed Konoye, who had temporarily taken over the Foreign Ministry, that despite numerous assurances regarding •lie respecting of American interests in China, and assurances that the principle of the "open door" would be maintained, violations of these assurances have continued. 9531 973 On 3 October Grew told Konoye that despite assurances, the open door principle in China and the respecting of American rights was be- ing ignored. He demanded prompt action in carrying out the guarantee that had be^n made. Konoye states Japan's attitude regarding China was unchanged and that he would study commer- cial and trade problems and comply with Grew's reouest. 5207 4-57 Letter from American Ambassador in Japan to Japanese Pri: e Minister dated 6 October conplairod. of Japan's monopoly of trade in Manchuria and the forcing of U. S. enterprises to withdraw. On 8 October OSIIIi-A, Lt. General was ap- pointed Ambassador Plenipotentiary to Germany. 9512 972-D On 12 October the Japanese Foreign Office spokesman stated that the Japanese operations in China wore merely undertaken to destroy - 7 9 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet s 1st Konoye """BIT PAG:;] 1 'llNESS REFE. \i C Z important points of hostile machinations against Jap;. n and reiterated her regard for rights of third powers. On 15 October TOGO was appointed Ambassador to USSIl, 6802 616-A On 26 October Japan objected to the ship- ment of Chinese war supplies through French Indo-China. Franco denied shipments and re- fused to adopt measures demanded. 3377 Tada On 27 October Fankow fell. 486l 382 On 30 October an agreement was established for the Iranian Opium Purchasing Association to be formed between Mitsubishi Trading Company and Bussan Taisha. 9557 983 On 31 October Grew informed Arita, who had become Foreign Minister, of the bombing of a mission at Tungpeh, Honan, resulting in the death of an American child and the wound- ing of two U. S. nationals. On 2 November HIROTA, NAGANO, CSHIMA, SKIMADA, TOGO and TJ'.T:,ZU were rewarded for services in conclusion of the Anti-Comintern Pact. 3641 271 Minutes of the Privy Council Meeting at- tended by HIRAFUMA, ARAKI, KIDO and ITAGAKI of 2 November concerned the termination of cooperative relations between the Japanese Empire and the League of Nations. It was 66 pointed out that Japan in March 1933 had notified the League of its withdrawal but it had not been recognized for two years. Mean- -80- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT ^ REFERENCE while Japan, although not a member, had ad- hered to the principles of the League. Nov;, in view of the recent appeals by China and the attitude of the League towards Japan, the Privy Council decided unanimously to pass the resolution withdrawing from the remain- ing Committees of the League. 11695 1291 On 3 November, an official declaration of the Japanese Government was issued which stated that Japan had practically achieved her end in China with the national government reduced to a local regime, and the main territory conquered, but she would fight on until it is completely destroyed. Japan's aim is a new order in East Asia and that other powers should realize Japan's intentions and change their attitude to suit the situation. 5253 460-A On 3 November Prince Konoye gave a speech following the capture of Canton, Hankow and so- called "Middle Plain of China", in which he stated that Chiang Kai Shek's regime was now but a local regime. He stated Japan at home was silently preparing for protracted hosti- lities and speeding of war production. 9558 984 In a communication from Grew to Foreign Minister Arita of November, the exclusion of American shipping from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is noted, while Japanese vessels are carrying merchandise between Shanghai and Nanking. This not only violates American rights, but is contrary to repeated -81- Document No: 0001 Year: 1938 Cabin-t s 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS Japanese assurances that she would support the "open door" principle in China. 8475 Liebert The Central China Development Company was formed pursuant to Law of 10 November to accomplish the same purposes as the North China Development Company by operating within the Central China Area. 5222 457 Letter dated 18 November from Japanese Foreign Minister Arita to American Ambassador to Japan in answer to letter of 6 October, excuses Japanese economic action in Manchuria on ground of values of new and old currency. 9576 989 On 18 November the Japanese informed Grew, in reference to his discussion with Konoye on 3 October that the United States must realize that difficulties may occur in carry- ing out Japan's intentions towards U. S. rights and interests, in view of the military situation, and she feels that at the moment urgent problems in East Asia cannot be solved by gauging the present situation by ideas or principles in their original form as applied prior to the incident. 9515 972-3 On 18 November, the Japanese, in reply to the American protest of 6 October concern- ing rights and interests In China, stated in great length the fiscal policy adopted by Japan as an explanation as to why there should be interference with United States interests in China. 9565 987 A memorandum from Counsellor of Embassy - 8 2 - Document No: 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE in Japan, Dooman, of 19 November stated that Arita had said that there was feeling Janan had adopted a new policy of closing the open door of China. He stated this was not so, and full consideration would bo given to foreign enterprises which did not interfere rTith Japan's objectives to provide a market secure from economic sanctions and acquire a safe source of raw materials. 9577 989 On 19 N0vember Dooman told Arita that his reply represented a denial of American demands. Arita stated the application of the open door policy today to China alone was illogical and felt that the previous belief that prevailing conditions could be made to harmonize with the open door policy was no longer possible to expect. 9563 986 On 21 November Grew denied that the United States had ever tried to exploit China and stated that equal opportunity was the basic principle of the United States. 6573 589 A conference was held on 22 November con- 37 sidering the conclusion of cultural agreement with Germany. HIRANUMA, ARAKI, and ITAGAKI were present. Japan is in favor of similar agreements with other countries. Japanese comment that Germany would unify people of other nations by race, while banning some from her own country, opposes Japanese spirit of eauality of all races without prejudice. Remark that this agreement may have some political influence. -83- Document NO: OOOl Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 9590 990 On 24 November Grew, on behalf of the United States, protested to Arita on the recent mea- sures at the Chinese Maritime Customs at C ant on <> wherewith Japanese permission had to be obtained for the transfer of customs funds owing or in banks since Japan had taken over the customs on 9 November. 6731 612 On 25 November a 5-Minister Conference, at- tended by ITAGAXI was held where decision for new Sino-Japanese relationship adjustment was discussed and agreed. Hainan Island to be captured by military action if necessary. 3580 269 Report of 29 November contained (a) material for private report to the Emperor by Ugaki when Foreign Minister and (b) report of Foreign Minis- tor Arita to the Privy Council at meeting held on this day. Document deals with Japanese- British relations regarding China and Chiang Kai Shek's position. 1018 135 On 30 November the ordinance concerning the inspection of military training at young men's schools was amended (ARAKI, Education Minister). 9583 989 At a conference on 8 December between Grew and Arita, the latter handed him a note setting forth Japanese policy with regard to the "open door" principle and stated that it was intoler- able that the setting up of economic relations between Japan, Manchukuo and China similar to those of the British Empire could not be recognised because these three were not a simple political unit. -84- Year: 1938 Cabinet: 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE '03 6l6-A After obtaining approval for bonbing of Yunnan Railway from the Minister, Ishizawa re- plied to Lt. Condr. Kami on 9 December that the Foreign Ministry, had no objection to the bonb- ing of Yunnan railway so far as the Army and Navy required it. Previous investigations had brought the assumption that the bombing, be- cause of its so-called justification, could not cause too much alarm in France, Britain and the United States. On 10 December T0J0 was appointed Director- General of Military aviation. 4866 418 Report of the Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 10 December relates that the sale of Persian opiur in Shanghai is sponsored by Japanese Special Service Organ and the Chinese Puppet Regimes. On 12 December ITAGAKI became concurrently Vice Pr esident of the China Affa irs Board and SU.-'UKI became Director of its Political Depart- ment (16th Deer.) 4709 381 bccerpt from the document "Business Report of 1938" which states that on 12 December suggestion was submitted to Cabinet that the quantities of raw opium should be shipped or transferred to the Gov. Gen. of Formosa (1.IINAKI)« Kwantung leased territory and the Gov. of Manchukuo and the acreage of poppy-growing necessary to produce the required quantities of opium should be decided upon after consul- tation with the authorities concerned. -85- Document No: 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet : 1st. Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 4901 381 • On 12 December the plan was approved whereby- stock of hydrochloric cocaine manufactured by Formosan Pharmaceutical Company in excess of requirements could be shipped to Japan proper and other countries, used in Formosa and sup- plied to Manchukuo, and China Board of Managers of Opium Committee approved this plan. 5183 455 Ordinance No. 758, regulations governing the 458 organization of the China Affairs Board, was promulgated 16 December. 9578 989 Grew, in rn oral statement to Arita on 21 December stated that America \ had never sought to exploit China and her fundamental foreign policy was one of equal opportunity. He also again requested the' cessation of bomb- ing and interference with American property, 9527 972-E A statement by Premier Konoye on 22 December 268 stated Japan's resolve to exterminate the 458 Kuomintang Government and establish a new order in the Far East. He visualized the unifica- tion of Japan, China and Manchukuo as a common defense against communism and China's casting off of all anti-Japanese views and resentment for Manchukuo. Desire for economic monopoly was denied and Japan's true object said to be the extension to Japan facilities for develop- ing China's natural resources, especially in North China and Inner Mongolia. 4709 381 Suggestion concerning the growth of opium acreage necessary for poppy cultivation in Manchukuo, etc., submitted to government on 12 December was passed by the Cabinet on 22 December. -36- Document No. 0001 Year: 1938 Cabinet s 1st Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REPP" 'PCE 11900 1326-B A letter of 24 December from the official report of the Netherlands Indies Government on Japanese subversive activities in the Nether lands refers again to the establishment of Japanese sponsored newspaper in Netherlands East Indies. 9587 989 On 26 December Grew was informed that it was regrettable that although Japan had made clear that she did not intend to close the China market, the American press showed that Japan's real intention was not understood. 4868 419 Report of IT. S. Treasury Attache Shanghai on 27 December states that the institution of General Opium Suppression Bureau for Aiangsu • Chekiang and Anhwoi and enforcement of uniform system of opium monopoly has been effected, 5233 457 A letter was written from IJ. S. Ambassador in Japan to Arita dated 30 December again stressing American position in China and Man- churia and answering letter of Arita dated 18 November. 9592 991 On 30 December Grew strted to Arita that the United States was again forccd to conclude that by the monopolistic actions of the Japanese in China regarding exchange control, compulsory currency circulation, tariff re- vision, etc., they are assuming sovereignty rights and in so doing disregarding established rights and interests of other countries. He stated that the United States cannot consent to the abrogation of any of her rights or -87- PC 01 Year: 1938 Cabinet; 1st Konoye, HIRAMJMA EXHIBIT PAGE nriTNASS REFERENCE or obligations by arbitrary action of another country. 5268 461-A Copy of Tokyo Gazette for January 1939 gave details of the program for Economic Development of China - Board of Planning Part II, On 5 January EIRAFUMA was appointed Prime Minister, President of China Affairs and Supreme T,rar Councillor. ITAGAKI and ARAKI retained former offices. KIDO became Home Minister. 6092 499-A Excerpt from Ciano-'s diary of 7 January shows SHIRATORI's personal wish for Italy to join the alliance. SHIRATORI stated HIRAMJMA was openly in favor of the alliance. 4870 420 The report of the U. S, Treasury Attache at Shanghai dated 12 January concerned the hand- ing over of administration of opium trade to the Reformed Government to avoid international criticism of narcotization of Chinese. Also instituted propaganda measures to suppress their narcotization crimes. 4874 422 The report of the U. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 14 January gave details of camouflaging Japan's narcotization policy by establishment of "charitable organizations" under the General Opium Suppression Bureau, with the function of carrying out an effective opium monopoly in China. 4778 382 On 26 January the provisional regulations of the Druggists' Trade Association Union of Ghinan City was issued and trade association established under temporary Chinese Government. - 8 8 - Document NOi 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet : HIRANUMtA EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 8389 840 Outline of the plan for the expansion of 842 productive po^er by the Board of Planning January 1939 was realized in accordance with its real object of everyone united, and the entire nation's strength backed by perfect cooperation. Government to promote industrial development, devise special measures in regard to the control and encouragement of enterprises, supplying of technicians and laborers, ac- commodation of funds, etc., approved by tho Cabinet. 4745 385 A letter dated 29 January was sent from the American Consulate General at Mukden to the Secretary of State at Washington regard- ing the financial importance of the opium and narcotics traffic to the government of Manchu- kuo . 6026 489 On 31 January a conference was held between 0SHIMA and Himmler discussing the disintegra- tion of Russia by secret German-Japanese activities from the Ukraine to tho Caucasus, to be effected in case of war. Despatch of 10 Russians by OSHIMA to kill Stalin. Propaganda pamphlets distributed by various means by tho Japanese to the Russians. 6095 501 Excerpt from Ciano's diary of 6 February gave Japanese objections to draft of Tri- partite Pact as merely anti-Russian and doubts as to concluding same. Decision to be made soon and signing expected in March. - 8 9 - juiioat NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet: HIRANUMA EXHIBIT ^ G E ^ITT'-SS REFERENCE K> On 10 February the Japanese seized Hainan Island by "forcible landing of Japanese forces". '733 613-A According to an extract fron the Tokyo Gazette of April 1940, the French Ambassador no.de representation on 10 February 1939 to the Japanese Government concerning the occupation of HaInan Island. 6733 613-A Extract from Tokyo Gazette of April 1940 states that the British Ambassador on 14 February 1939 made representation to the Japanese re the occupation of Hainan. Japanese naval forces occupied Samah, Yulinkan and Ai-hsien in Hainan. 6733 613-A Extract from Tokyo Gazette of same date stated that on 17 February the U. S. Ambassador adopted similar steps to French and British re Hainan Island. 6093 500 Telegram from Ott to State Secretary (Berlin) of 18 February gave foreign reactions to re- port of intensification of the Anti-Comintern Pact. Agitation of British Ambassador and warning by former Japanese Ambassador to Wash- ington as to alienating .Anglo-Saxon powers. 4871 421 The report of the Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 21 February concerned the control of opium supply through Shanghai port to the whole south- east. The various costs of opium are quoted. The Japanese have not managed to secure the cooperation of the right opium merchants, hence opium is being sold in a very disorganized way. - 9 0 - Docunont NO: OOOl Year: 1939 Cabin:it : HIRAMJMA .rLrCTBIT ? ,GE TOI'PiSS R ?•]!< 1FG.] 6037 491 Minutes of the nrivy Council Mooting at- tended by defendants, IIIRAKUMA and IT AG. .XI of 22 February concerned protocols for th~ parti- cipation of Hungary and Manchuria in the Anti- Cor Intern Pact. Discussion as to whether these countries be adrittod was decided by unanimous vote of the council. Advantage gained - closer cooperation between Manchukuo and Hungary. 6045 493 On 24 February Planehukuo was admitted into the Anti-Comintern Pact, 8803 864 Excerpt from Jap n Year Book 1941-42 shows that the amendment of Military Service Law was promulgated on 8 March which amended regulations for military service, conscription of L-X- servicemen, postponement of conscription for students, abrogation of the short tern con- scription service system end recognition of th privilege of postponement of conscription for Japanese students in Manchukuo Government schools. On 9 I larch HASIMOTO was att .chec1 to Head- quarters, 12th. Depot Division. 9598 992 On 11 March Grew called Arita's attention to the restricting of American shipments of r j rcbandisc, ' nd unwa r r an ted r o s t r i c t i o r.s on U. ". personnel an^ business interests in Tientsin. The control measures imposed by the Japanese sponsor d regime in I"rrth China ere considered most discriminating against the United States nd others ."nd favorable to Japan. -91- Document NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet: HIRANUMA EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6623 596 Letter from Ott to Wiehl dated 15 March concerned Germany's preferential treatment in China advocated by 0 SHI MA in repeated telegrams to Foreign Minister. Ott has impression treat- ment afforded by Japan is not very encouraging. * % 4750 387 Excerpt from dispatch of 20 March gives Manchukuo Budget for 1939? showing receipts, etc. 7909 780 On 23 Ear.ch a telegram was sent from Ott, Gorman Ambassador to Japan, to Berlin concern- ing the forthcoming Tri-Partite Pact, and its purpose of being directed against Russia. 6577 38 On 23 March the agreement for cultural co- rporation between Japan and Italy (similar to agreement between Germany and. Japan) was con- cluded . On 24 March MATSUOXA resigned from the South Ma n c hu r i a Ra i 1 wa y. 8664 Liebert Lav/ No. 25 of 25 March concerned safe- guarding secrets of military material resources. Article 1 of the law aims at the prevention of leakage of information on manpower and material resources to be employed for military purposes to foreign nations. 6046 494 On 27 March Spain was admitted into the Anti- Comintorn Pact. On 28 March ARAKI was appointed President of General National Mobilization Committee. 9560 985 On 30 March Grow protested to Arita con- cerning the continued disregard, by Japanese forces of American property and lives in China. - 9 2 - Document NO: OOOl Year: Cabinet: 1939 HIRAMJMA. EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6145 512 8532 Liebert 4866 417 8804 Liebert 1315 155 On 31 March Japan seized the Spratley Islands. Since 1917 the Japanese have cul- tivated the economic development of these reefs which caused many disputes with Erance. Finally, 31 flare h the J-p-mese placed them under jurisdiction of the General of Taiwan and offin1illy notified the French Ambassador of the sc.re. On 1 April the Japan Electric Power Compan^r was formed for the purpose of effecting a unity in the production and distribution cf electric power in Japan proper. The company was given monopolistic powers by law under governmental control. Capital came from private sources. The report of the Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 1 April established the identity of two Persian opium ships as the Zunyu Maru and Tanghan Maru. The ships were Japanese and route was Dairen to Shanghai. On April 1, there was a further revision of the Military Service Law, facilitating registration of young nen for military service outside cf Japan and eliminating the difference between active and reserve officers, when active service was completed, they immediately enrolled in the reserve. The Motion Picture Law of 1939 passed on 5 April related to the control and censorship of motion pictures. A permit must be obtained to produce or distribute motion pictures; no picture can be shown before being passed by -93- f ' .ceunent NO: OOOl Year: 1939 Cabinet : HIRANUMA EXHIBIT PAGE T7ITNESS REFERENCE noces sary adnini strative office; puni shnents m i fines provided for violators, etc. 4878 424 The report of the U. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 5 April revealed the establish- ment of the General Optun Amelioration Bureau for the enforcement of opium monopoly under cover of opium amelioration work. 8320 Liebert The Shipbuilding Industry Law (No. 71) was promulgated on 5 April to sanction and provide subsidy and loss indemnification to encourage shipbuilding. Basically it allowed the Imperial Government to make contracts with banking organizations that provided funds for shipbuild- ing or for buying ships and to indemnify the loss they might incur by accommodation of the funds. The same law authorized the Government to issue ptiblic loans to necessary limit or pev indemnity in bonds. On 7 April KOISO was appointed Overseas Minister. 4926 433 Aide Memoire from U. S. Ambassador to Japan of 14 April 1939 concerned the "Narcotic Drug Traffic in Occupied Area in China". 6112 505 A memorandum of Ciano dated 16 April doals with a meeting of Goering and the Duce which he attended. Goering advised Axis powers to rearm and prepare for war until the time was ripe for general conflict - 2 or 3 years. 3689 274 Regulations were issued on 1 May for the strengthening and expansion of the Mongolian Army. - 109 - Document NO: OOOl EXHIBIT P/GE TVITNESf 610? 'j 5 03 6103 504 9604 995 7846 766 6115 486-K Year: Cabinet : 1939 HIRANUMA REFERENCE Telegrans from Ott to the German Foreign Minister dated 4 May concerned HIRANUM." ' s message to Italy and Germany concerning the negotiations for the Tri-Partite Pact and the Japanese Army objections to certain provisions of the Pact regarding obligatory military aid. On 6 May Ott cabled the State Secretary relating that Premier HIRANUMA had obtained a compromise in the conflict of the 5-Minister Conference (War, ITAGAXI and Finance Ministers against Foreign and Navy Ministers). He then quoted the Army declarations on the obligatory military aid suggested in the proposed treaty and stated that it is hoped that the HIRANUMA declaration would offer the opportunity for the final conclusion of the treaty. On 11 May Grew in an oral statement to Arita protested once more against the indiscriminate bombing of U. S. nationals and property in various parts of China. The jeopardizing of U. S. lives and the disregard for American marked property was reiterated. On 14 May the Japanese violated the Mongo- lian People's Republic with a force of 300 men strong, according to a memo of the Red Army General Staff "on the provocative attack of the Japanese in the Mongolian Area in 1939". Berlin telegraphed the German Embassy at Tokyo on 15 May stating the importance of im- mediate participation by Japan in a tri- partite military alliance with Germany and Italy. -95- Document NO: 0001 EXHIBIT PAG: m EXHIBIT 7846 766 11907 1326-D 5103 449 Year: 1939 Cabinet : HIRANUMA REFERENCE On 15 May five Japanese bombers made an attack on the 7th outpost on the Mongolian People's Republic border. Damage and casual- ties were caused. On 20 May a letter from the Southwest Develop- ment Company to its branch manager related the progress of Japanese enterprises in the Nether- lands East Indies; he stated that the time had now come when the Company should take an active part in the expansion in Great New Guinea by Japan and the best will be done for the ex- ploitation of this area. On 25 May HATA was appointed Chief A.D.C. to the Emperor. In May SATO was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the South China Expeditionary Force. On 30 May SUZUKI, Major-General, became Councillor of the Planning Bureau; Member of the Opium Committee (21 June); Secretary of China Affairs Committee and Acting Chief of China Affairs Bureau (16 August). Article of Tokyo Gazette of June entitled "Progress of Economic Construction in Man- chukuo". In view of the natural richness of Manchukuo, it plays an important part in the comprehensive program surrounding Japan. The results which the 5-year plan obtained in the progress of development of coal, iron, steel, etc., are excellent. - 9 6 - Document NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet : HIRANUMA EXHIBIT r- "> T " T r "j O n "TJ —1' it-. T' -L i . _ 1 ' 6791 614- Telegram from the German Ambassador in Tokyo to the German State Secretary dated 5 June concerns Japan's desire to partici- pate in war against England and France with the proviso that they wish to choose a favorable t ine. 9617 1003 In a letter of 15 June from Ambassador Craigie to Arita, he complained of the treat- ment of British nationals in Tientsin such as searching them when leaving or entering the concession, and requested these actions be discontinued. 8475 Liebert On 19 June a law was passed forming the Korea Magnesite Development Company for the purpose of developing magnesite mining and the control and sale thereof. 9618 1003 On 25 June Craigie again wrote that gross indignities had been inflicted on the honorary New Zealand Government agent by the Japanese Army at Tientsin, when a member of that govern- ment had been forced to strip and submit him- self under pressure to a search by Japanese guards at the entrance to the concession. On 5 July MAISUI was appoints a member of the East Asia Commission. 9609 998 Hull telegraphed Grew on 6 July stating that the Department of State had informed the Japanese Embassy by memorandum of the bomb- ings of June 23, 24, 25 and 29. 9610 999 On 10 July Hull, in a memorandum, referred to a visit from the Japanese Ambassador at - 9 7 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 19^9 Cabinet : HIRANUMA EXHIBIT PiiGE WITNESS 3655 272 4894 426 8532 Liebert 9602 994 53 8402 Liebert R Y I--;-. T N N J I T R I T - ' iuj. •Jl .1.'/ i which Hull reported to hir.i the bombings of July 6 and 7 near II. S. property at Chungking. . On 20 July the Ha. China Expeditionary A m y issued a situation estimate on the China Expedi- tionary Amy, giving policies and methods to be followed in conducting this war. Report of the U. S. Treasury at Shanghai of 21 July concerned distribution of narcotic drugs for medicinal and scientific purposes being granted monopoly by Japanese authorities. On 25 July the Japan Rice Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a monopoly in the purchase and sale of rice. Main method in control of price of foodstuffs, since rice constitutes major item of Jap diet. On 26 July Ambassador Horinouchi was noti- fied by Hull of the United States' Intention to terminate the treaty between Japan and the United States of 21 February 1911 effective six months from that date. On 26 July was promulgated the ordinance concerning the plan by the promoter of a busi- ness for general mobilization. This ordinance provided that tho Ministers of War and Navy could call in the owners or promoters of selected businesses, named pursuant to ordinance under the National General Mobilization Law, and order such persons to make plans for production following a set national produc- tion schedule. - 9 3 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1939 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 7849 766 8543 Liebert 4899 428 8298 Liebert 7889 775 6122 486-L Cabinet : HIRANUMA REFERENCE In August the attack launched by the Japanese on 14 May on Mongolian People's Republic was stopped, the Japanese invaders routed, and the Mongolian People's Fiepublic cleared of the enemy by USSR forces. In August the yen, after depreciating rapidly since 1932 was stabilized in terms of 1 pound sterling at one shilling and two pence. The report of the IT. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 8 August concerned the investiga- tion into the Formosan cocaine factory, re- vealing production and monopoly of same. On 14 August ICAYA was appointed President of the N„rth China Development Company. By decree of the Commerce and Industry Ministry, the Coal Sales Control Regulation was promulgated on 16 August. These regula- tions provided that Commerce and Industry Ministers had to sanction rales of coal producers or coal agents above 250 tons per month, or privileged government distributors. This indirectly made producers of certain industries manufacture products desired. Excerpt from KIDO's diary of 22 August ex- pressed astonishment at rumoured non-aggression pact between Germany and USSR, referring to the treachery of such an act considering the existence of the Anti-Comintern Pact and Secret "'act. On 25 August Ott cabled the State Secretary expressing Japanese disapproval of German-Russo Document NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet : HIRANITMA, Abe EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE Non-Aggression Treaty and that the Foreign Minister had instructed OSKIMA (Japanese Ambassador to Germany) to inform German Government that the conclusion of this pact would be interpreted as terminating negotiations with Japan. Also, it viclat4s secret agreement attached to Anti-Comintern Pact. 6814 616-A Chief Administrator De Taste informed Acting Consul General Urabe at Hanoi that at eleven o'clock on 26 August a Japanese sea plane drooped bombs, causing about thirty casualties in the vicinity of Tha "Che near the border of French Indo-China. 7911 782 On 26 August the Japanese Embassy in Berlin wrote to the German Minister of Foreign Affairs protesting against the Pact between USSR and Germany and considering it contrary to secret agreement of Anti-'omintern Pact. On 30 August EIRANUMA Cabinet resigned owing to Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and USSR. Abe Cabinet succeeded. RATA was War Miniter, President of Manchurian Affairs Board, and Vice President of China Affairs Board. 9600 993 On 1 September Dooman protested to Premier and Foreign Minister Abe concerning the oc- cupation of the Chinese Maritime Custom's premises by Japanese military forces at Swatow. 4148 On 1 September Germany invaded Poland. -100- Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT H I'lS H'FEREHCE 7858 766 On 5 September a proclamation was issued by the Commanding General 6th Army, concern- ing the failure of the 6th Army's attack on the Mongolian People's Republic. The pre- parations to be undertaken to avert another failure and the importance of the "sacred war in China" was stressed. Army will meet in autumn and deliver the great blow. On 7 September UM3ZU became Commander-in- • Chief of the Kwantung Army and Ambassador to Manchukuo. 6082 498 On 8 September Ott cabled the State Secretary giving news that SHIRATORI will return from Rome where he had been for the purpose of concluding the Japanese-German military alliance. Reiteration of German confidence in OSHIMA in telegram from Ott to State Secretary. 6126 507 On 9 September Ribbentrop cabled the German Ambassador at Tokyo showing that notwithstanding temporal set-back to the conclusion of Japanese-German-Italian military alliance, Germany continued her efforts to promote German-Japanese closer relations. Also reauest that OSHIMA remain in Berlin since he enjoys confidence of Fuehrer and understands German policy. 6124 506 Memorandum of Weiszacker of 18 September reveals OSHIMA did not carry out orders, but held up the Japanese Government's protest of 28 August concerning the conclusion of -101- -onment NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet : Abe EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE the Gernan-Russo Non-Aggression Pact, until and of Polish Campaign, then tendered it un- officially. 4834 412 A letter of the Secretary of State to the Secretary of the Treasury incloses a copy of a report made by the American Consul at Amoy on 20 September concerning legalization of opium use in Amoy as method of obtaining funds for puppet Amoy Municipality. 6133 509 On 20 September a meeting took place between Terauchi and the Reich Foreign Minister and also Terauchi and the Fuehrer. Both conversations were predominantly Germany's efforts towards closer Japanese-German colla- boration. At dinner at the Foreign Ministry later, OSHIMA said Japan would be ready for advance in South-East Asia. He also gave opinion in favor of tearing Netherlands from England and gaining control of the Netherlands East Indies. The Reich Foreign Minister let it be understood that he was ready and willing for Germany to collaborate with Japan against England. 8512 Liebert Ordinance No, 53 of 20 September provided that certain designated commodities were not to be exported to yen bloc areas without approval of the export association. Commodi- ties included drugs, paper, glass, paint, toys, and similar items. These items on open market produce maximum foreign exchange. -102- Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 8327 Liebert Cast Iron Manufacturing Facilities Restrict- ing Regulation of 23 September provided that permission of Commerce and Industry Ministries must be obtained before expansions or altera- tions in cast iron manufacturing facilities can be done, Certain exceptions made for government agencies, shipbuilding and aircraft, etc. 6814 616-A On 25 September the Japanese Consul General apologized for bombing in the vicinity of Tha Xhe on 26 August and expressed desire for local settlement of the incident. 6138 510 Memorandum of Knoll of 25 September con- cerning Count Terauchi1s attitude towards Germany. It appeared to be evasive and non- commital. On 28 September DOHIEARA was appointed Supreme War Councillor. 6625 39 An informal trade agreement between Japan and Germany valid until 30 September 1941 was effected as of 1 October 1939. On 12 October MUTO was appointed Chief of Military Affairs Bureau, War Ministry, Secretary of the National General Mobilization Council, and member of several Government bodies, in- cluding the Planning B0ard, Manchurian Affairs Board and the Cabinet Information Bnard. 6814 616-A According to report of Consul General of 14 October the Governor General of French Indo- china made demand for 62, 550 piastres for damage and loss of life incurred in the 26 August Incident. -103- Document NO: 0001 Year: 1939 Cabinet : Abe 2XIIIJIT ? AGE WITNESS .REFERENCE 860.5 Liebert On 24 October the Japanese Cabinet decided to change the basis for determining the exter- nal value of the yen from the pound sterling to the United States dollar. 6131 508 Telegram from Woermann to German Ambassador in Tokyo dated 27 October related to OSHIMA's return to Japan and the Reich Foreign Minister's request of support of OSKIMA since he will work further for Japanese-German friendship. All telegrams and letters delivered to the Embassy by OSHIMA will be transmitted unopened and coded 7345 673-A Excerpt from book "The Japanese-English- Chinese War", 1 November, claiming Japan has been motivating power in modern world history, fall of modern Europe will mean the rise of Asia; propaganda for the Imperial Way which will unify the races. 4711 382 On 9 Npvember a resolution was passed approving additional increase of 12,250 acres of poppy cultivation. Result of Cabinet decision of 12 December 1938. 684 80 On 11 November the Emperor enacted the Ordinance of "Daihonei" (Imperial General Headquarters) and established the Supreme Command and designated the Chiefs of General Staff and Naval Staff as the Chief of each staff, taking part in high momentous affairs and to plan operation and considering last object to arrange cooperation and unity of Army and Navy. -104- V I » J Document NO: OOOl Year: 1939 Cabinet : Abe EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6815 616-A 8475 Liebert 6815 6l6-A 6806 616-A REFERENCE Total indemnity of 62,550 piastres for damage incurred in 26 August I cident in French Indo-China was transmitted to French authorities via Consul General on 17 Novem- ber. On 25 November a law was passed forming the Korea Rico Exchange Company for purpose of controlling the rice exchange in Korea. Deficiency in Japan's rice production is in great part made up from Korea's excess. On 29 November the Governor General of French Indo-China acknowledged the receipt of 62,550 piastres and the Incident was closed. In conversation of 30 November between Minister Nomura and Ambassador Henri, it was stated that Japan made first proposal regard- ing diplomatic rapprochement. Japanese-French relations had been trying since China Incident and Japan did not approve of France's as- sistance to Chiang Regime, and the continuous passing of supplies through Indo-China for Chiang despite Japanese protests. Unless these obstacles are removed, Japan deems it impossible to bring about the realization of mutual diplomatic rapprochement. No alternative but to resort to bombing if attitude continues. Japan virishes to send Foreign Ministry official and military adviser to Hanoi to inform French on military activities in Southern China and hear French viewpoint on situation in border districts. French Ambassador promised to transmit this last matter to his government and got a definite answer. - 1 0 5 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE On December 1 ARAXI again became Cabinet Adviser. 9612 1000 Grow informed Minister Nomura on 5 December of the further borbings of American property in Chungking and the resulting death of a U. S. national. 6810 616-A On 12 December the reply was given by Am- bassador Henri to Minister Nomura concerning point asked at meeting of 30 November. France denies sending munitions through French Indo- china and has no objection to frank discussion with tho Japanese Government on subject of oc- cupation of Hainan Islands and other border incidents. In view of fact that there is a Japanese Consul at Hanoi, France can see no reason for sending Foreign Ministry representa- tive and military adviser, but has no objection to dispatch of Japanese couriers in order to arrange for special contact with consul general in question. France would like explanation of bombing operations in Xuanghsi districts and their probable duration. Nomura replied that munitions were being shipped through French Indo- china, and Japan again requested that France would refrain from shipping commodities to Chung- king through French Indo-China, although in view of non-declaration of war between Japanese and Chinese, they wore not legally forced to do so. Concerning Kuanghsi incidents, Nomura said duration could not be given, but these military operations were executed in order to effect block- ade to bring about fall of Chungking regime. - 112 - Document NO: >301 Year: 1939-40 Cabinet: Abe, Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 8606 Liebert On 15 December molybdenum and aluminum were added by the United States to the moral embargo list. 4896 427 Report of the U. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai on 15 December referred to the fall in arrival of Persian opium to Japan, subsequent increase in price - this was due to hazards of shipping resulting from European war. 8403 Liebert Use and Expropriation Ordinance of Factories and Workshops (Ordinance No. 901) was promulgated on 28 December, giving War and Navy Ministers authority to authorize expropriation of materials lands, buildings, constructions, machinery and equipment deemed necessary for the national general mobilization. On 29 December C3HIMA resigned as Ambassador to Germany. 11769 1308 On 12 January 1940 the Japanese Government informed the Netherlands Government of the abroga tion of the Japanese Netherlands Arbitration Treaty. On 16 January the Yonai Cabinet was formed; FATA retained office and KOISO again became Overseas Minister. 5021 439 The Imperial Ordinance No. 20 cf 19 January states that Japanese and Manchukuo Governments or their nationals shall jointly own and share Manehurian Ra ilway. On 23 January MATSUOKA resigned as Cabinet Adviser. - 107 - Document No. 0001 Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 8606 On 26 January the Japanese—American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of 1911 expired. 11780 1309-A Excerpt from Van Mook's Book, "The Netherlands Indies and Japan, Battle on Paper, 1940-1941", states that on 2 February Ishii, Japanese Am- bassador to the Hague, submitted a list of de- mands to the Netherlands Foreign Minister re- questing th3 lessening of restrictions on ex- ' ports from the Netherlands East Indies to Japan and the existing measures of import restrictions on Japanese goods to be abolished or moderated in return for Japan's refraining from prohibiting or restricting the exportation of principal goods needed by Netherlands East Indies. The mutual lessening of entry of nationals of both nations into Netherlands East Indies and Japan, the extension, of Japanese enterprises in Netherlands East Indies in return for facili- tating the Dutch enterprises in Japan, Manchukuo and China and the controlling of anti-Japanese propaganda in Netherlands East Indies and anti- Dutch propaganda in Japan were some of the measures set out. 6857 618-A On 5 February the French Ambassador protested about the second bombing of Yunnan Railway, requesting compensation for damage and casualties involved as soon as circumstances are clarified. 9614 1001 In a statement of 6 February from Grew to Arita, ho protested against the collecting of taxes on imports and exports and collection of tax on local products by the Japanese - 114 - Document NO: 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai IT PA.CE v.UtiASS REFERENCE sponsored Tax Bureau of the Rehabilitation Conmisrion at Swatow, China. 513 52 On 10 February the Japan-Netherlands Judicial Settlement, Arbitration and Mediation Treaty was renounced by Japan. 6973 1015 A telegram from SHIGEMITSU to Arita dated 13 February referred to an interview with Vice Minister Butler, and the similarity between Lo-d Halifax's foreign policy and that of Lord / Lansdowne who had 'proposed to open negotiations with Germany in 1917 - he stated it was interest- ing to find that there were common facts on both cases, 7661 736 On 16 February document was drawn un by military mission in Harbin concerning reform of anti-Soviet sabotage activities. Plan to establish a Far East anti-Comintern self- government simultaneously with commencement of hostilities to unite sabotage, in lieu of individual sabotage units heretofore used. 7661 736 On 16 and 17 February a conference of Japanese chiefs of military organizations in Northern Manchuria was called in Harbin. 6141 511 In a cable from Ott and Stahmer of 23 February to Secretary of State the attitude of Japanese to Germans was reviewed. Japanese are not inclined to be led into the European confederation and no decision can be expected until effect of military actions in Europe. Influence of Army growing again and they are attempting to strengthen pro-German factions in Foreign Ministry and the Army. - 109 - JOcument NO: 0001 Year: 1940 C' binet : Yonai i ' -TI 'IT FAGjg •• II ..ESS REFERENCE 9635 1007 In an economic policy to be taken in conn ction with the diplomacy towards the United States, dated 3 March, it was stated that the United States had since the incident tried to maintain the 9-Power Treaty and ignore the establish- ment of a new order in East Asia. In view of the p o s sib ility of the United States imposing a moral or legal embargo on exports to Japan, and Japan's dependence on the United States for re- sources necessary for carrying out the Divine War, Japan must eliminate her reliance on the United States by perfecting her manufacture of iron and importing from a third power (Straits, India, Australia and China). Petrol, too, must be obtained from a third power other than the United States, and aviation gas, electrolytic copper, molybdenum and vanadium must also either be produced by Japan or imported from another power. Thus, if Japan rids herself of dependence on the United States, she will no longer be threatened. 7526 705 In March the Emperor sanctioned the plan drawn up by Tominga, Chief of Operation Department of General Staff, for aggression against USSR. Plan of attack to OD & P' ;L te from Lake Hanka area towards Kharbarovsk to separate Maritime Province from USSR. In event, of success western front forces were also to open their attack in direction of Chita. 6848 618-A In March Japan proposed that France cease transportation of shipment through French Indo- - 110 - Document NO; OOOl Yer.r: 194-tf Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT ?AGE WITTERS REFERENCE China to Chiang during period of negotiations taking place at this time, while Japan in re- turn would refrain from force during this period. However, displeased with French attitude, the negotiations were suspended and France continued the transportation of supplies. 3700 276-A On 4 March Haichaw in Shantung Province was occupied by the Japanese. On 9 March SHIRATORI resigned as Ambassador to Italy. A report dated 11 March from American Consul, Canton, to Secretary of State related the re- sponsibility for increased drug traffic. Although secrecy is maintained, reports indicate that Japanese are responsible. On 13 April HIROTA became Cabin.t Adviser. On 20 March the Japanese Consulate was newly opened at T7oumea, capitol of New Caledonia. 9626 1004 On 20 March Grew complained to Arita that Japanese naval authorities in South China refused to permit American oil companies to ship kerosene to Manhoi District near Canton. 6148 514 On 2.3 March German Ambassador Ott cabled to Germany reporting stiffening in Japanese-British- American relations on account of protest of the British Ambassador, the announcement of American Ambassador's trip to America, and debate in the Diet. Closer unity of Axis powers suggested by Diet members to Foreign Minister. Array spokesmen in Diet strongly urged that Japanese progress in China cannot be stopped by "obsolete" 9-Power - Ill - 4837 413 6143 Document NO: 0001 Yea?: 194-0 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE Treaty. Their attitude due to Anglo-Saxon opposition to Central Government. 9674- 1016 In a telegram from SHIGEMITSU to Arita on 23 March stating he had informed Butler of the establishment of Wang's regime in China on 30 March and the sotting up of the administrative policies, etc., Butler stated whereas England could not change her policy towards the Chung- king regime, he hoped the new government would be successful. He quoted Butler's statement concerning growing anti-Soviet feeling and brought up the subject of anti-Japanese speech by Lord Cecil. 4 3701 276-A On 30 March the Central Government of the Chinese Republic established under Wang Ching- Wei at Nanking with Japanese in important positions in Government. 6578 590 In a speech by Weizsacker at' meeting of German-Japanese Cultural Committee on 3 April, he stated widest number of people of each country should participate in each other's cultural understandings. An example of such co- operation exists, i.e., Reich Youth Board represented in Japan. 8299 Liebert Coal Distribution Control Law was passed on 6 April, providing for the establishment of Japan Coal Company. This Company obtained monopoly of all coal and was charged with the purchase import-export of all coal, together with related enterprises and with matters concerning demand, supply, and price. - 112 - Document NO: 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 1019 137 War Ministry Ordinance No. 10 was issued on 12 April and is a revision of the regulations regarding inspection of military training courses in the Youth Schools. 9662 1012 On 15 April a press release from the Foreign Office expressed concern over the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies in the event of the European conflict extending to that region and thereby producing repercussions in Netherlands East Indies unfavourable to Japan, since Japan is economically bound with the South Seas region, especially the Netherlands East Indies. 9667 1013 In a press release of 17 April issued by the Department of State, it is stated that any inter- vention in the domestic affairs of the Netherlands East Indies or alteration of their status quo would be prejudicial to peace in the Pacific. 11673 1284 On 18 April a Foreign Office statesman again spoke considering the questions of the Netherlands East Indies. He quoted a meeting betwe "in Am- bassador Ishii and Netherlands Foreign Minister Vein El off ens, in which the latter expressed the Netherland's appreciation of the Japanese at- titude towards tho Netherlands East Indies and stated that the Netherlands Government was determined to refuse any offer of protection or intervention made to the Netherlands East Indies. - 113 - 7 :cumont ITO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 9614 1002 In a pro memoria of 28 April from the American Embassy to the Foreign Minister, it was stated despite numerous American protests, Japanese military continued the movement of American citizens and property at Tientsin. On 29 April various decorations "for meritor- ious service in the China War (or incident)" were awarded to the accused: DCHIHARA, HASHIMOTO, HATA, HOSHINO, KI1URA, MUTO, OKA, OSHIMA, SATO, SHIMADA, SHIGEMITSU, SHIRATORI, SUZUKI, TOGO, TOJO and UEEZU. MATSUI received First Class Order of Golden Kite, the highest military decoration. 6156 517 In May Ribbentrop cabled the German Embassy concerning the declaration to bo made by Germany on Netherlands Indies- there is no objection to tho Japanese arriving at the certainty that Germany has declared her disinterest in the Netherlands 1,-dies question. 6364 618-A On 7 May Ambassador Henri was instructed by the G0vernor General of French Indo-China to demand 175,030 pesos as compensation for the bombing of the train on 1 February, 6150 515 On 10 May the German Embassy in Tokyo cabled the Reich Foreign Minister regarding the in- creasing tension in relations with America and Britain. German successes make great impression on the Japanese. Discussions with Soviet Am- bassador regarding possible Russo-Japanese agree- ment but stressing mutual distrust. Attempted - 114 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT 1 . M REE ERE EC E "feelers" to overcome this. Discontent among domestic Japanese politics, but a new cabinet may solve this. 13 675 1235 On 11 May the Japanese Foreign Office issued a statement in effect that Japan earnestly hopes the Netherlands Government will firmly maintain its said determination regarding the question of the Netherlands East Indies and again de- clared that the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies should not be changed. 11679 1237 On 11 May the Department of State issued a press release stating that various countries including Great Britain, the United States, Japan, had given official declaration regarding the maintenance of the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies. In view of the fact that inter- vention in the integrity of the Netherlands East Indies would endanger the security and peace of the entire Pacific, expressions of intent regarding this region cannot too often b-3 reiterated. 9683 1017 In a telegram from SHIGEMITSU to Arita on 13 May he gives details of the present European situation with regard to Belgium and Holland. In view of this situation SHIGEMITSU states in re- gard to the Netherlands East Indies that Japan should make clear that she has no intention of changing their status quo, nor allowing inter- ference by belligerent or neutral nations and that the interests of the natives should be - 115 - Document NO: 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 11677 1286 4667 372 11677 1286 11678 1286 11681 1288 first considered. Japan must apply her-national policy for China and the South Seas in accordance . with the policy to make Japan's situation in East Asia firm and stable. On 13 May Great Britain issued a statement regarding the safeguarding of the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies. From 13 May to 17 May the League of Nations held the 25th Session on Traffic in opium and other drugs. On 15 May a statement was issued by the Foreign Office spokesman stating that the Netherlands Minister had visited Foreign Minister Arita and informed him his government believed that Great Britain, the United States and France had no intention of intervening in Netherlands East Indies. On 16 May the Foreign Office issued a state- ment saying that the French Ambassador had visited Arita and given agreement to the policy of maintaining the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies. On 16 May the Japanese Ambassador visited Cordell Hull and a discussion was held regard- ing the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies. The Secretary of State queried the fact that despite public declarations by many countries, news of additional discussions was still coming out of Tokyo as if these declarations had not been made. The Ambassador stated his Government - 116 Document NO: 0001 Yea i 1940 Yonai Cabinet EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE was quite satisfied with the situation and unless British or French troops should land in Nether- lands East Indies there was no further controversy. Hull said he would Inquire what British and French intent was, but thought they h..d no ideas of in- tervention whatsoever. Hull interpreted the visit as one to develop a pretext to support Japan with its plans and purposes towards the Netherlands • East Indies under instructions. 11783 1309-A On 18 May the Japanese Consul General at Batavia visited the Director of Economic Affairs and delivered condolences,requests and veiled II783 1309-A Van Mook states in his book, "The Netherlands Indies and Japan, Battle on Paper, 1940-1941", that on 20 May Foreign Minister Arita handed a note to the Mini ster in Tokyo referring to the letter's statement that the Governor General of Netherlands East Indies had informed him that the Netherlands East Indies had no intention of restricting the export to Japan of mineral oil, tin, rubber and other raw materials. Arita pointed out that there were other commodities vital to Japan which he was submitting with the note and would like as- surance from the Netherlands East Indies that the.se commodities would be exported each year to Japan by the Netherlands East Indies. threats 117 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT - • RR, -JRR R^SS REFERENCE 6159 513 In a telegram from the German Ambassador in Tokyo to the Reich Foreign Minister of 22 May, he stated that Germany's attitude towards the Netherlands East Indies had been conveyed to the Foreign Ministry, who in turn has issued a communique that Germany declared her disin- terest in the Netherlands East Indies problem. 6l6l 519 A telegram from the German Ambassador in Tokyo to Berlin dated 23 May reported that Japanese Press gave great publicity to German declaration of disinterest in Netherlands Indies and emphasized that this directly opposes view- points of England, Franco and Holland, who dis- sented to Japanese viewpoint of protection cf status quo of Netherlands East Indies and implies Germany will also support Japan in the future. 9688 1018 On 26 May SHIGEMITSU cabled Arita again on the European situation and stated although it was not clearly defined, Japan should establish her responsibility for the stability of East Asia and strengthen her position in. order to play a part in the future international arena. The China situation should be clarified and de- clare the "300 miles principle," that is, no active warfare to be permitted in the area 300 miles off the coast of Japan, China and Manchuria. 62b9 On 1 June KIDO was appointed Lord Keeper cf the Privy Seal. - 118 - I-., i 0 0 0 1 Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai ( EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 4779 390 On 3 June the U. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai reported that when Japanese troops arrived in Chahar and Suiyuan in 1936 poppy- grcwing was introduced everywhere. Moral pressure was brought to bear on Catholics to force them into line, since it was prohibited by their conscience. When the price at which the peasants had to sell to th authorities became so low, even the pagans objected, and in the Spring of 1940 the authorities compelled the peasants, including Catholics, to cultivate poppies on 8 mow out of every 100 mow. 6799 615-A On 4 June the Vice Foreign Minister made a strong representation to the French Ambassador for cessation of shipment of supplies to China. 8600 Liebert On 4 June machine tools were added to the United States moral embargo list. 11789 1309-A On 6 June the Netherlands Minister in Tokyo answered Arita*s note of 20 May and stated that Holland was aware of Japan's concern in these difficult times and that she sees no concern about Dutch-Japanese relations, particularly in the Netherlands East Indies, Holland adheres to her promises made in the Martishizawa Agree- ment of 9 April 1937 and states that it is hoped Japan will appreciate the fact that Holland was forced into war, which will have repercussions on the economic situation in Netherlands East Indies. The Minister appre- ciated Arita's statements regarding the safo- - 119 - Dot A «t 0" 0 Year: 1940 t-Eoinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 7849 767 6148 9669 1014 513 41 6147 513 6152 516 guarding: of the status quo of the Netherlands East Irdi s and states the importance of the Netherlands East Indies as a world-supplier of various raw materials and food products. On 9 June an agreement was reached between TOGO, the Japanese Ambassador to USSR, and Molotov, Poo le's Commiss ..r for Foreign Affairs, whereby the frontier line between the Mongolian People's Republic and Manchukuo was established once more. Italy declared war on Britain and France on 10 June. A memorandum of Grew dated 10 June showed that the Foreign Minister Arita had commented on the retention of the United States Pacific Floet at Pearl Harbour and stated it implied a suspicion of Japanese intentions towards the Netherlands East Indies and that Japan had no territorial intentions towards the Netherlands East Indies. Grow stated Pearl Harbour was the United States' most important port and the retention of the floet there represented no threat to Japan. On 12 June a treaty was signed concerning the continuance of friendly relations between Japan and Thailand and the mutual respect of each other's territories. The German Embassy in Tokyo cabled Berlin on 12 June concerning German Embassy's attempt to stir up anti-American feeling among Japanese by 120 Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE subtle means. German Ambassador made sugges- tions personally to Konoye, Suetsuzu and Kuhara that American activities in Pacific area will make conflict "in the long run unavoidable". Within Japanese circles 0SII1MA and SHIRATORI were co-op rating with these German attempts. 6795 615-A On 12 June the Japanese Expeditionary Forces in Soutnern Cnina announced that French Indo- china was still allowing the shipment of war materials to Chiang Kai Shok through Eaipong- Yunnan Railway, and that they disapproved of this action. 9658 3 010 In a press release of 13 June the United States Department of State stated that Chungking had again been bombed, causing civilian casual- ties and damage. 6796 615-A On 16 June the Japanese forces again drew French attention to objection of 12 June and re- quested firm resolution to bring an end to such hostile action. 6148 On 17 June France asked armistice terms of Germany. 6850 618-A On 17 June the Governor General of French Indo-China, on his own authority, decided to suspend the transportation of arms, ammunition, trucks and gasoline to China. 6824 619 An extract from KIDO's Diary of 19 June re- lated to a talk with the Foreign Minister Arita - 121 - " Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabin-: t: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE in which discussion was held on two plans de- bated at the four Minister's Conference (HATA War Minister) the previous day, Plans were that request be submitted to the French regarding pro-Chiang acts; if this is refused, force will be used, or force will be used at oncc without preliminaries. Military ministers did not want second r>ian adopted at cnce and the first plan was therefore decided upon. 6162 520 Telegram report dated 19 Juno from the German Embassy at Tokyo to the Reich Chancellery con- cerned confidential information from the Japanese Foreign Minister relating to Japan's desire for a free hand in Indo-China, and the prospects for replacement of the Cabinet by one with greater sympathy towards Germany. Also shows that the idea of occupation of Yunnan railway was being propagated. 6796 615-A On 19 June the Japanese made a strong re- presentation to France concerning prohibition of materials for Chung-King regime through Indo-China. 8022 439 Imperial Ordinance No. 416 dated 19 June states that Southern Manchurian Railway shall have one nresidjnt, two vice presidents, four or more directors and three to five auditors. 6l66 521 Memorandum from Wiehl of Economic Division, German Foreign Ministry, dated 20 June, com- plained of Japan's attitude towards Ger." any - 122 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet : Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE of late. Ho pointed out the co-operation of Japan with the Allied blockade, the fact that Japan refused to allow transit of vital goods through Japan, the cut down in exports to Ger- many and refusal to ship home the ere?/ of Columbus since she considered them combatants. 6170 522 A memorandum from Knoll of German Foreign Ministry dated 20 June related to a conversation with the Japanese Ambassador wherewith he (Am- bassador) seems anxious to come to a better understanding with Germany. An improvement in Japan-Russo relations is cited since enemy in north must now be made a friend since Japan's future is in the south - Japanese-Chinese and German-Italian friendship necessary. Japan must alter attitude regarding transit questions and provision of raw materials for Germany. 6797 615-A On 20 June the passage of wide range of materials and goods through French Indo-China for Chiang Kai Shek was stopped in view of Japanese objections. This severed China's main supply line. - 123 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE v.'"ITNES5 REFERENCE 9691 1019 SHIGEEITSU stated in a telegram to Arita on 20 June that the tine is now advantageous tc use the European situation to strengthen Japan's position in East Asia. Attention must be paid to the position of French Indo- China and a statement made that Japan is gravely concerned with the stability of East Asia, including the South Seas. 6851 618-A On 22 June Japan proposed dispatch of thirty military experts and two Foreign Office officials to Hanoi, together with interpreter, to inspect circumstances of suspension of transportation cf supplies tc China. Observers (as they were referred tc) to be sent from e ither Japan or China. Desired same facilities and goodwill be extended to seven army . and navy officers also to be sent from China. The list of banned materials will be decided on after inspection by this party and until then French Indo-China is requested to continue the com- plete blockade cf frontier. Franco agreed to these proposals. 11703 1292 In a memorandum cf 22 June, Hull requested Grew to explore the possibility of an exchange cf notes between Japan and the United States regarding their common desire to maintain the status quo of possessions of belligerents in the Pacific. Hull wanted it made clear that this was not to imply any withdrawals - 124 - 1 Document No. 0001 PAGI EXHIBIT WITNESS 11703 1292 11706 1293 6174 523 11708 1294 Year; 1940 Cabinet: Yonai REFERENCE frcn former positions but a preventive measure to avoid any future complications. On 24 June Grew informed Hull that he had put his suggestion cf the 22nd before Arita, who' inquired whether Mandated Islands were included; Grew said he would inquire of Fashingten. The Foreign Minister informed Grew he would study the situation and reply soon, but thought the tine would be more opportune after the settlement cf a number of outstanding differences between the United States and Japan. The absence of a commercial treaty was quoted as one cf the difficulties. On 24 June the German Ambassador in Tokyo cabled the German Foreign Ministry regarding Japanese efforts through MUTO and KOI SO tc obtain Germany's views concerning military aggression in Indo-China. Germany and Japan will support each ether against America. Japanese-Russc non-aggression pact wculd make Japan economically free cf America. On 27 June KIDO stated in his diary that Arita had reported the proposals presented by Grew fi_r a treaty between Japan and the United States regarding maintenance cf the status quo of the .Netherlands East Indies. Etwever, in view cf the fact that Japan did net want to have her activities restricted, including those in Netherlands East Indies, prompt acceptance would be limited. - 125 - 1 r current Nc. 0C01 Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE '7 IT HE So REFERENCE 11712 1296 On 28 Juno Arita in an oral statement to Grew stated that in view of the present situation and the effect that the war in Europe may have on possessions of belliger- ent nations in the Pacific, he did not consider it opportune to conclude any agreement. Any such move night give rise tc a delicate situation fcr Japan. He did consider, though, that it night be timely tc discuss the problems of Japan and the United States only. 6233 529 On 29 June Arita delivered a speech on the air relating to "new order in East Asia," Japan's desire fcr world peace and the importance cf the countries of Far East and South Seas being united under single sphere cf their natural close relations. 6853 618-A On 29 June the Japanese Observation Party headed by General Nishihara and con- sisting of forty officials arrived at Hanoi 6233 530 On 1 July Ott cabled, remarking on . Arita's speech which he said was originally coined in stronger political development terms, but due to Army influence, which holds strong military attitude towards Hong Kong and Indc-China, the original text was changed. 11710 1295 KIDO recorded in his diary cf 1 July that he had spoken to Arita abcut his broad cast, the tense situation in Hong Kong, and - 126 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: Ycnai PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 11710 1295 6239 531 6240 532 6852 618-A 6179 524 REFERENCE the status quo in the Pacific proposed by Grew. Arita did net consider the tine opportune to settle the natter and stated that had it been limited tc Japan and the United States it could have been considered. A telegram from Ott of 3 July related the fact that the intended speech of Arita had been disclosed by Press Chief of Foreign Ministry. It stated Japan had always been in full sympathy with Axis. Disclosure of text caused great indignation in army circles An extract of KIDO's diary of 5 July disclosed arrests made of participants in attempts on cabinet members and plot thwarted Plot organized by Maeda. Later on the same day HIRANUI A suggested that in view of present rumours of political rife, there wculd be no better appointment than Prince Konoye. As of 7 July Japan requested France to ban the importation of all materials from China for one month. France accepted the request. In a conversation of 8 July between Ambassador Sate and Ribbentrop, Sate by flattery and offering cooperation in economic sphere, put forward feelers for closer German-Japanese understanding. Ribbentrop advised Sato that a new foreign policy was tc be adopted in view cf the - 127 - Dc cur.crvt No. 0001 Year; 1940 Cabinet: Ycnai PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 6179 524 6242 532 9695 1020 REFERENCE new order in Europe in which there were further possibilities for friendly cooperation with Japan. Sato stated Japan wished tc end China affair and hor main difficulty with United States lay in the struggle against system of 9-Pcwer Treaty, although she was in agreement \ economically with principle of "open door" but wished to be host in East Asia and other nations to M guests. An extract from KIDO's diary cf 8 July stated that the Vice War Minister Anami assented change in Cabinet is inevitable, since Yonai Cabinet is not suitable tc negotiate wit! Germany and Konoye would be unanimously sup- ported as candidate by army. In a telegram from Kurusu in Berlin to Arita on 10 July he gave details cf an Inter- view with Ribbentrcp concerning the problems now arising in the East resulting from the European situation. Sato outlined Japan's fundamental policy cf seceding from the 9- Pcwer Treaty and outlined Japan's dissenticn with the United States as being mainly based on Japan1s situation In China. He also ! i stated that Japan is still eccnaateelly <!e# pendent on the United States and if the supply cf oil should cease, Japan would be obliged to turn her eyes towards the South Seas. Sato could get no definite German attitude regard- ing the Netherlands East Indies and French Indo-China. - 128 - Dc cunent Nc. 0001 Year: 194-0 Cabinet: Ycnai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 9704 1021 On 10 July Kurusu cabled Arita, stating that he would continue his talks with Ribbentrcp, He is under the inpressicn that an over-anxious attitude should not be shewn tcwards Germany, although when he had ques- tioned Ribbentrcp on repcrts of Germany's cocl attitude to Japan, Ribbentrcp had denied, theru Stahmer told Kurusu about Ribbentrcp, considering pest-war situation, thinking cf cooperating with Japan and he wants it to extend over bcth the diplomatic and economic fieldo 619-1 527 On 12 July a joint conference of War (HATA Navy and Fcreign Ministries rfas held cn strengthening of harmcny between Japan, Germa and Italy, showing the existence cf a strong Japanese demand fcr conclusion cf military alliance between Japan, Germany and Italy as means cf realizing the Japanese Empire's plan for expansion in East Asia and the South Seas Agreed to make agreement in form cf diplcnati* note tc be strengthened to agreement if Germany rcccgnized Japan's positicn in French ln.de-China and the Netherlands East Indies. * Gist of agreement to be Germany keeps cut of French Indc-China and the Netherlands East Indies, supports Japan in China, end favour- ably considers Japanese economic relations; while Japan in return supports German European policy, checks British in the Far East and supplies essential materials. - 129 - Document Nc. OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT V L Eljj-. S REFERENCE 6868 618-A On 12 July the French-Thai non-aggrossicn pact was concluded. 6186 525 On 13 July Arita cabled to Sato (Ambassador tc Germany), in which he expressed doubts regarding German intentions to Netherlands East Indies and Indo-China and requested clarification. With regard tc America Arita was anxious to find cut whether Sato pointed cut to Ribbentrop that war between Japan and the United States would cause Germany un- favourable reflection upon her European policy or did he give impression that v.ar with United States would inevitably mean Japanese march on South Seas and hence difficulties in accomplishing German object. Arita also questioned whether Sate pointed out that Japanese-United States war would develop into German-United States war. 6259 534 Extract from FIDO's diary of 14 July refers to audience with the Emperor, who asked if plans for heavy artillery mobilization in Southern China campaign had been fully cleared with the Government. KIDO agreed tc investi- gate this. Emperor stated he realized in view of the changing conditions Yonai Cabinet would have tc be replaced, but stated he had faith in Yonai Cabinet and wished to have his feeling expressed tc Yonai. 6189 526 On 15 July Sate replied tc Arita's cable c.f the 13th saying that Ribbentrop gave the - 130 - r Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: Yonai EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6189 526 9627 1005 4788 394 6212 528 11795 1309A RI FEREWCE impression that Germany attached little importance to Japan's national power at the moment, except her naval strength. Sate played on Ribbentrop's weak point that United States-Japanese war possibly roan U.S.-German v*ar which uld hamper her present operations against Britain, In aide nemoire cf 15 July the American Embassy again called the attention of the Japanese Foreign Ministry to the fact that the United States was receiving discriminatory treatment in respect of trade rights in North China. It was pointed cut that Japanese controlled authorities have now established full exchange over imports ns well as exports in North China, thus completing full control. The report cf the U. S. Treasury Attache at Shanghai of 16 July states in Chahar and Suiyuan the production and cultivation cf poppies is being strenuously encouraged. On 16 July a Conference of the Army (HATA), Navy and Foreign Ministries was held at which the strengthening cf coalition and cocperation between Germany and Japan was discussed and the profitable guidance of Soviet friendship. On 16 July, Japan informed the Netherlands Minister in Tokyo of their intention to send an economic delegation to Batavia. On 16 July, the Yonai Cabinet fell owing tc the Army withdrawing HATA from the War Ministry. - 131 - Document No. 0001 Year: i Cabinet: JfosSaF 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS EEF "ERENCE 6249 532 In his diary of 17 July, KIDO recorded that a meeting cf ex-premiers (.including HIRANI!"la and HIROTA) was held tc choose the new premier, Konoye who was favored by the Military was appointed. 6257 533 On 17 July the German Ambassador in Tokyo- cabled the German General Staff concerning Japanese increasing anti-English policy and preparation for attack on Hong Kong. Japanese Ar; y asks German Ambassador if they can count on future delivery of captured arms in settle- ment fcr Japanese delivery cf raw materials. 6261 535 On 18 July, Ott informed the German Foreign Ministry that MATSUOKA had -ccepted the posi- tion as the new Fcreign Minister, 6266 539 KIDO stated in his diary cf 18 July that HATA had secretly recommended TOJO for the pest of new War Minister and the Emperor did not approve cf this procedure since Kcnoye was still in the midst cf forming a cabinet. KIDO hoped fcr liaison with the War Minister in order that the present instance might not set a precedent, 6261 536 On 20 July Ott cabled stating that Konoye is building up his government in sections. He then quoted appointments in the new cabinet. On 22 July second Kcnoye Cabinet was formed; MATSUOKA became Foreign and Overseas Minister, Vice President of China Affairs - 132 - Document No. 0001 Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHI B I T PAC-E W I T N E S S R E F E R E N C E Beard; HOSHINO became Minister of State and President cf the Planning Board; HATA became Military Councillor. On 22 .July Woermann cabled the German Foreign Ministry concerning a meeting cf Konoye, MATSUCKA and TOJO and Ycshida tc draw up authoritative foreign policy programme, this included rapprochement with Axis powers. On 26 July, the Cabinet decided on change cf policy tc provide a national defence structure by (1) plans for Greater East Asia, (2) increase cf armaments and (3) unification cf domestic policy. 8606 Liebert By an embargo of 26 July by the President, limitations were placed on the quantity of expert licenses for aviation gasoline, tetraethyl lead, lubricating oils and no. 1 steel scrap. 11793 1310 On 27 July, at a Liaison Conference decisior were made concerning policies tc improve con- ditions at home and abroad. A swift settlement cf the China Incident and the settlement cf the southern problem within limits so as not tc cause a war against a third power were two policies decided upon, While festering relations with the Axis, it was decided to adjust diplomacy towards the USSR, maintain firm diplomatic frcnt with the United States and to strengthen the diplomatic policy toward the Netherlands East Indies to obtain important raw materials. / 6262 537 6271 541 - 133 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6293 546 In a telegram from Ott to the Reich Ministry cf 31 July he related the strong Japanese efforts to promote Japanese-German coalition, particularly aggravation cf Anglo- Japanese relations to hasten action against British possessions« 11797 1311 The "Drafts of Alternative Demands to be made on Netherlands East Indies" cf August states that whereas the Netherlands in their ncte cf 6 June appear to accept Japan's desir fcr supply cf essential goods, they do not appreciate the importance cf freedom cf entrance cf Japanese into Netherlands East Indies nor the development of the ccuntry. 4 While once using an ropen door' policy in Netherlands East Indies, the Dutch now seem to be giving preferential treatment to a few distant nations instead cf opening its doors to the races of East Asia. Japan has been prevented by restrictive measures from obtaining mining rights while the United States and Britain are mining on a large seal Japan wishes tc undertake new enterprises sue- as mining in petroleum regions and fcr other minerals and demands that these requests be granted. Air rcutes, fishing facilities, forestry and agriculture endeavours are also needed and should be considered. Freedc to run newspapers is requested to afford rebuttals fcr the natives' lack cf under- standing of Japan and the anti-Japanese vein - 134 - Doc. Ni. . 0001 PAGoi LXuIEIT " JITKE33 11797 1311 11714 1297 6278 542 6886 620 Year: 1940 !abinet: 2nd Kcncye REFKRENCJ in Dutch newspapers. -Japan's mission is the establishment cf a new order in Asia and con- siders it unreasonable that the Netherlands East Indies sc naturally rich should be ex- cluded frcm Japan, In view cf this Japan considers the Netherlands East Indies should sever itself from Europe and beccne a member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. A Foreign Office announcement cf 1 August, reiterated Japan's aim cf "The World Under One Roof"o Japan wishes tc establish a Great Asian chain of common prosperity to pave the way for wcrld peace, and will strive to ful- fill her idea and mission. On 1 August, the German Embassy in Tokyo cabled the Foreign Office concerning the Japanese 4 Ministers (Army Minister (TOJO) Conference with stressed German-Japanese friendship and cooperation as being very important. On 1 August, a meeting was held between IfATSUOKA and Henri, concerning political and economic, cooperation between Japan and French Indc-China, such as passage of Japanese shipments, use of air bases in French Indo- China, and provision cf all types cf facilities. Henri thought such actions would constitute war against China, whereas Japan herself was net at war. MATSUOKA contradicted this and the request for such - 135 - Dcc. i\Tc . 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6886 620 6286 54-5 6264 538 6282 543 9712 1023 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Koncye REFERENCE measures was merely made because cf Japan's obligation tc dc so in view cf circumstance; Henri agreed to transmit requests to the French Government. In a conversation between MATSUOKA and Ott on 1 August, MATSUOKA stated he was neither pro-German nor pro-British, but pro- Japanese. He stated that Japan intended to establish a new order in Greater East Asia with Japan, Manchukuo, China, including the South Seas. They did not wish to expel the Europeans from these regions• On 2 August, Ott cabled the German Foreig Ministry concerning the appointment of OhasL as Vice Foreign Minister, which seemed to signify the strengthening of the Manchurian group in the new government, as Ohashi formerly held significant posts in the Manchurian Governmentc In a telegram from Weizacker tc the German Embassy of the same day, he stated that at the 4 Minister (TOJO, War Minister) Conference, Kurusu expressed hope that Japan might belong to "New Order" after the war and Japan would not be forgotten in the "new apportionment cf the world". On 3 August, ARAKI and HIROTA ceased to be Cabinet Advisers. SHIGEMITSU cabled MATSUOKA on 5 August, congratulating him on his establishment of a policy for Greater East Asia, and the - 136 - ; Docu. ent No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 9712 1C23 setting out of his ideas on foreign policy towards the United States, Great Britain and Russia. Japan's aim in East Asia will benefit nore if directed at snail or weak nations first (e.g. France and the Nether- lands) and his advice is tc dispose of enemies one by one. 6284 544 On 7 August, the German Foreign Office cabled Tokyo stating that Kurusu's main poixat was net Japan's relationship to Russia, United States, or the United Kingdom, but the new crdor in East Asia. Kurusu repeated I£AT SHOE A's statements in greater detail, namely that Japan wants to organize the East Asia Sphere including the South Seas. Sato had been given impression of unchanged friendly German attitude, but methods cf encouraging this frienship were not clear. Before MATSUOKA and Konoye could adjust their foreign policy, they would clearly have to see how Germany stood on these matters. While he did net refer tc the German expression cf disinterest in Overseas problems in May, it was clear what he was aiming at. 9707 1022 On 9 August, Grew informed Welles of the anti-Anerican attitude of Japan in China, especially in Shanghai, where Japanese controlled papers have conducted an anti-American and anti-foreign campaign. - 137 - Document Nc. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Koncye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6889 620 On 9 August, a meeting was held between P'ATSUOIIA and French Ambassador concerning Japanese demands for stopping' shipment of supplies to China, bases etc. Japanese stand firm in requests and Henri points cut that the utilization cf air fields etc. anywhere in French Indo-China may result in Japanese landings about Cambodia, therefore, he would like clarification on actual points Japan desires to use. Japanese consider this impossible and stated they have no intention cf abusing French concessions tc them. 11718 1298 KIDO stated in his diary cf 10 August, that he had received a report that the Government wishes tc avoid force against Netherlands East Indies and Singapore at present, and since 8 months are needed to prepare, after a decision for war is made, the later war comes the better. 6891 620 In a ccnversation between the French Ambassador and the Japanese Vice Minister on 10 August, Ambassador Henri was given notice that the Japanese wished tc "pass through Province.cf Tonkin". When he complained cf the broadness of this request, Japanese stated secrecy of actual air- fields etc., tc be used had to be observed and French Indo-China wculd play a large part in the establishment of the New Order - 138 - Document No. OOOl Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE A'ITEESJ REFERENCE 6891 620 in East Asia. The Vice Minister then re- iterated that Japan had no intention cf transgressing on French Indo-Chinese territory and hcped the French Government would grant their request. If it is refused Japan may be forced to take military action. Henri feared that the Chinese nay come down into Indc-China from the ncrth and make the country a Sino-Japanese battlefield. 6295 547 On 15 August, Ott cabled the German Foreign Ministry and reported that MATSUOKA had advised hin that the French Ambassador has changed the previously announced basic acceptance cf the 3 Japanese demands regarding Indc-China, tc the position that France first wanted a Japanese guarantee of renouncement cf all territorial demands. They had been advised tc maintain their previously announced basic agreement and the territorial guarantee would be adjusted. The Foreign Minister requested Germany to support the Japanese demands by influencing the French Government. 6914 620 On 20 August, the French Ambassador handed to MATSUOKA the French counter- proposals which Japan would consider. After investigating them Ohashi visited the Ambassador on the evening cf the sane day and after stating Japan's objections to - 139 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Kcnoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6914 620 the ccunter-prcpcsals, he stated that it was France and net Japan who was delaying the negotiations, 6919 620 On 21 August, a meeting took place between the French Ambassador and the Chief cf the Western Eurasian Bureau, whe stated that although it is not preferable tc reveal Japanese secret military items since France was dcubtful of Japan's military demands as a result of Conference with the Army tc speedily dissolve French suspicion, Japan had decided unofficially to notify her the outline cf her request. He asked for quick approval without alterations. 6296 548 On 23 August, Ott cabled the Reich Foreign Ministry concerning recall of various Japanese Ambassadors and Consuls in order tc coordinate Japanese foreign policy, mainly, to eliminate pre Anglo- Saxon diplomats, SHIGEMIT3U and TOGO sur- vived this purge. 6921 620 On 25 August, Ambassador Henri held another conference with Ohashi on second French counter-proposal regarding French Indo-China. France will accept Japan's three military requests regarding (1) use of airfields, (2) number of troops to be stationed in To^nkin province and 1 - 140 - ^pF-ent ¥: PRPI Years 1Q40 r - • • -. , J EXHIBIT PAGE WITNI I3 6921 620 8476 Liebert 11796 1309A 6936 620 - iv REFERENCE (3) course t.f passage for these units - but fcr reasons of prestige cannot put this in an official letter. On 26 August, the Korea Mining Develop- ment Company was formed fcr the purpose of controlling mining and sale of all minerals except magnesite, already controlled on 19 June, 1939. This company was the effective instrument by which the Govern- ment more rigidly controlled the output cf mines in Korea. On 27 August, Japan informed the Netherlands Minister that Kcbayashi, Minister cf Commerce and Industry would head the economic mission to Batavia, tc establish closer economic relations aided by 24 assistants and would leave on 31 August. On 28 August, SHIR ATOP. I, Toshio was appointed as Diplomatic Councillor in the Foreign Office. On 30 August, MATSUOEA sent a letter to Henri regarding acceptance of French proposals which satisfy Japan's demands in French Indo-China. - 141 Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFER!NCE In an oral statenent by MATSUOKA on the sane day bo said Japan agreed to accept tve letter as Franco's intention to ccr.ply with tcri.s of their agreement. General Nisbibara is to becone representa- tive of the Supreme Connandcr of A m y and Navy t^ be sent. On 30 August, The MATSUOKA-Fenri Agreement was concluded whereby Japan's predominant interests in political and economic circles in East Asia v/as recognised. On the sane day an official report was issued by the Japanese Foreign Minister concerning advance into French Indo-China. and final signing of agreement concluded by Jftpar.tse persuasive efforts. On 31 August, Major General Nisbibara called on Governor General of French Indo-China. and proposed to start military negotiationse The Governor had received no instructions from France. If French failed to answer by 2 September, Nishiba.ra had orders to evacuate Jrpanose nationals. MATSUOKA wired to the Japanese Ambassador in France tc urge the Immediate giving cf instructions. On 2 September, Nisbibara. again visited the Governor, who could not give him an answer since although he had received - 142 - r Document No. 0001 X w t i j. . > 0 luXFIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6925 620 9718 1025 11820 1314 11821 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE instructions they were very complicated and be asked leave to give then to Nisbibara on tbc next day. Governor declined to accept immediate negotiations. Nisbibara tben banded Governor notice that Japanese residents would be with- drawn and troops stationed after 5 September, After perusing instructions, Governor sent note to Nisbibara stating that they differed from Japanese and advocated a. revision tc begin from tbc 3rd, Nisbibara tiring of further delay informed him that bis instructions for 5 September still remained. On 3 September Full cabled Grew instruct- ing bin to confer witb tbe Foreign Minister concerning current rumors tba.t Japan was presenting an ultimatum to French Indo- china demanding passage of troops and air bases for military operations against China, On 3 September, a telegram was sent by order of MATCUOKA to Saito Consul- General at Batavia instructing bim in tbc: oil negotiations with Netherlands Last Indies to emphasise tbe acquisition of oil fields and if t>e Netherlands East Indies lay stress on Japan's oil purchases be was to distinguish clearly the acquisition of oil fields and tve purchase cf oil. - 14 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Koncye REFERENCE On 3 September, Nishihara net the Commanding General of the Frcncb Indo- China A m y and the latter told vin bo bad wired Vicby that the negotiations bad ended in failure, bo bad no authority to negotiate, end tvat as a counter- proposal is being drafted, meeting with tve Governor-General is desired. Counter proposal was submitted the same, evening an" further negotiations postponed tc next day. At a. 4-Minister Conference on 4 September and a lia'isen conference of 19 September discussion was be Id conccrning tve strengthening of tvc Japan-Gem"ny- Italy lxis, TOJO attended the first meeting. On 4 September, the Japanese Consul General retained 2 ships to prepare fcr evacuation of Japanese from French Indo- China, and once more Japanese tried tc make the Embassador to France exert -SI pressure on the French Government5 to accept terms. Finally at eight o'clock on 4 September an agreement was signed between Nishihara and the French Commanding General. On 6 September, a. unit of the Japanese Army crossed the border and on the next day the Governor proposed to drop - 144 - Year: 1940 Crbinct: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE negotiations, on the grounds that tvis was a contravention of the Factt. Nisvihara said, it was a front line incident by unit which did not know of Pact? but Governor would not e'range his attitude» Japan then again requested the Ambassador to France to hurry French Government in instructing the Governor-General of Froncv Indo-Crina to settle negotiations immediately, On 9 and 10 September, MATSUOKA and Stahmer hold, an informal conversation re importance of keeping t^c United States cut of war> Japan to restrain and prevent United States intervention while Germany will restrain United States in the Atlantic0 War materials to be supplied to Japan for arming In preparation for conflict and Germany hopes Japan will safeguard her interests In Greater East Asia* Although United States Axis conflict is to be avoided if possible, all preparation must be made to face possible'strife. Axis must stand united against Anglo-Saxonclom„ Entry from KIDO's diary of 9 Septer ber, states Cvief Aide-dc-Camp reported the military agreement parley, wMch had been making sncoth progress with the Governor- General of French Indo-Cbina took a turn - 145 - Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye RIFEFu.NCE for tbe worse when one battalion of Japanese troops novod into French Indo- China* Between 10 and 26 September, an Imperial Conference was bold regarding tve conclusion of tbe Tri-Partite Pact. Draft of Pact was drawn up, and discus- sions conducted concerning Japan and America's differences in opinion. On 11 September, t^e Frencv Ambassador visited Obasbi and stated that be bad received information tbat tbe Thailand Army was likely to invade French Indo- China along with tbe Japanese and ho asked tbat Japan stop Thailand's plan. On 12 September, Obasbi told the French Ambassador that Japan would, not intervene between French Indo-China and Thailand and French proposal was merely move to postpone negotiations. Thailand demanded in note of 13 September tbat tbe Mekong river frontier be revised by ceding to Thailand tbe areas along the right of River Mekong across from Luang Probang and Bakuse, which were ceded by Thailand to French Indo- China in treaty of 1904, also hoped tbat a guarantee would be given to return Cambodia and Laos to Thailand when France renounces sovereignty over French Indo- Cbina. These requests were made in view - 146 - Document No., 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 6869 618A 11813 1312 8606 Liebert 9659 1 0 1 1 6971 627 634-5 551 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE of abnormal circumstances in Frencv Indo- C^ina. Cn 13 September, Kobayashi cabled MATSUOKA. stating that he bad interviewed the Governor-General who kept to diplomatic formulas and stated that the Netherlands saw no serious situation and that in Netherlands East Indies an equal opportunity was afforded all in that country® Kobayas'hi stated it was useless to negotiate with such & Governor-General who evaded political problems and was not interested in sounding out Japan's Intention towards Netherlands East Indies* On 13 September, a. Presidential embargo was placed on equipment for production of aviation motor fuel and tetra-ethyl lead or any plans of specifications useful in the design5 construction or operation of sucht Grow protested to MATSUOKA on 1 3 September concerning the destruction on 19 August of a Methodist Episcopal Mission in Chungking by the Japanese forces, Fe asked for a prompt reporta Entry from KIDO's diary of 14 September, states that MATSUOKA plans to send ultimatum to French Indo-China» Meeting of the Privy Council of 16 September, discussed the effect upon Japan of t>~e proposed Tri-Partite - 147 - Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE Part, tbe possibility of war with tbe United States and tve improvement of Japanese-USSR relations due to German influence r on 16 September, tbe French Ambassador accused tve Japanese of delaying negotiations because tbey bad backed Thailand» Chasbi denied tbis mel said tbe situation was critical and Japan night well walk in at any morion4" without an agreement* Governor-General of French Indo-Cbina and Commanding General of tbe Army gave Japanese general consent to request on 17 September, but in view of uncertainty of clashes, it was decided to evacuate Japanese residents on tbe 20th0 On 18 September, General Nisbibara notified tbe French that in view of wide difference in opinions between French and Japanese on negotiation subject, all members of Japanese Observation Party would leave Fanoi on tbe 20the 18 September was the basic date for conclusion of Japanese-French military agreement. No Japanese troops may enter Hanoi; French administrative and military to retain posts; Japanese to bear all expenses of any occupation or carrying - 148 - Yc-ar: 1940 Cabinet.- 2nd I, an ye REFI RLNCE of troops and reimburse for damages; Japan may select certain strategic bases and use specified railroad and highways; throe airfields to be used by Japanese. Then cites threatening actions on part of Japanese. On IS September Kobayas^i cabled MATSUOKA requesting that in view of Japan' urgent need for oil; and the failure of the Tokyo negotiations? Hurai carry on nc-ctiations in Batavia. If this is done, the Netherlands East Indies would aim for tvoir success since a failure would, mean that world opinion would charge tho Netherlands East Indies with moral responsibility for failure. Failure t.o make the purchase could be utilised to browbeat the Netherlands East Indies on the enterprises problem, For these reasons he advocated that the negotiations be cvanged to Batavia, On 18 September Grew complained to MATSUOKA concerning widespread inter- ference with UcS = trade in China in particular products, despite.numerous representations to Japan by the U,S. On 19 September. Grew complained, tc MATSUOKA concerning the use. cf ai;r bases and passage of troops through French Indo-China in order to aid the Japanese war agaInst Oina a - 149 - Yean 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE On 19 September, France agreed to establish a committee for resolution of pending questions, but flatly refused territorial demands made by Thailand on 13 September- Excerpt from Ciano's Diary of 19 September stated tbat Ribbentrop arrived with the Japanese military alliance which was to be signed in Berlin. Alliance will be stroke against Russia and tbe United States according to Ribbentrop, but Ciano is of tbe opinion tbat anti- Russian guarantees are fine but anti- American note will merely induce Washington to increase ccmr itrients to Britain. Memorandum by United States Under Secretary of State Wells of 20 September concerning ultimatum of General Nishihara to tbe French Governor-General of French Indo-China to tbe effect tbat if it did not permit occupation by tbe Japanese troops, such troops would on 22 September stage an invasion of French Indo-China 0 Memorandum of same date by Grew concerned a conversation with MATSUOKA who defends this ultimatum by stating Japanese and French Government had signed agreement permitting occupation by Japanese troops and French Indo-China was not complying therewith; such occupation was merely - 150 - Docuricnt No. 0001 Yt a r i 1940 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye RuGI U l i £ 8 RZFLKLNCL 6964 624 for the purpose of striking against Chiang's army to close China conflict and upon such event troops would bo withdrawn. Grew advised MATSUOKA such occupation would be considered by the United States as infringement of the "status quo" which Japan was pledged 6969 625 to preserve in Asia, In a telephone- conversation between German and French delegates to Armistice Commission on the same day the landing cf Japanese troops in French Indo-China was discussed. Frcneh wished to negotiate first, but had ordered Admiral Decoux to resist by force if nccessary should large numbers of Japanese troops march in. 6830 621 On 22 September, after negotiations between Franco and Jrpan, France- agreed to allow all military facilities required by the Japanese Navy and Army in Northern French Indo-CMna for execution of ca.rpa.igr in China, 6829 621 On 23 September, tve Foreign Office 6831 42 issued a statement concerning conversation? at Tokyo in August between MATSUOKA and the French Ambassador on basic matters regarding the question cf French Indo- China. As a result of these conversations an agreement was reached between French Indo-China and Japan on 22 September. - 151 - Year: 194-0 Cabinet: 2nd Kcnoye REFERENCE The announcement went on to say that despite a local skirmish In the border region, due to a misunderstanding by French Indo-China. ? it is expccted that the agreement will bo carried out. On 23 September, all Japanese residents and diplomats evacuated from Saigon arrive; in Raikon after evacuation from French Indo-China by Japanese authorities« On 24 September5 the final plans were made by General Nishihara with representa- tive of French Indo-China Army re Japanese forces landing in Indo-China5 evacuation of Japanese residents. A Conference of the Investigation Committee of the Privy Council was held on 26 September - TOJO, F0SFIN9 and IiUTO were present. Members discussed the conclusion of the Tri-Partite Pact, the fact that in the event cf War with the United States and Japan although Army was in good position, supplies of oil and petrol might prove troublesome in long war. Conclusion of Japanese- USSR pact was discussed and also watch to be made on USSR•- US relations. Pact was unanimously approved with attention to be paid not to incite the United States and Britain and improve USSR and Japant-so relations. - 152 - Document NO: OOOl Year- 1940 Cabinet : 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 6379 553 On 26 September, a Privy Council Meeting 1030 attended by TOJO and HOSHINO, was held sub- sequent to the meeting of the Investigation Committee discussing the Tri-Partite Pact and approving draft with unanimous vote. 6865 618-A On 26 September, a Japanese bomber dropped 4 bombs on the City of Haipong, causing 33 killed and injured at time of entry of Japanese into French Indo-China. 7049 643 Extract from KIDO's Diary of 26 September related that a Japanese unit under orders to make a peaceful landing in French Indo-China carried out'a landing, in face of enemy and bombed Haipong in spite of orders from Navy Support Command to contrary. 7928 786-A On 26 September, Kurusu, Japanese Ambassador in Berlin sent a telegram to MATSUOKA - excerpt shows that at time of signing of Tri-Partite Pact, Japan had already been informed that Germany had begun military preparations for war against USSR. 43 27 September is the official date of signing of Tri-Partite Pact and secret, letters. On 27 September the following positions were held by the Accused: ARAKI, no office, DOHIHARA, Lt. General in - 153 - Dccuncnt No. 0001 EXFIBIT PAGE WITNESS Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REEI HENCE command 5tb Army, Sup re: x War Ceunc 'tier (28 September) FATA, General in com-and Expeditionary Force Central China; ÎR/'.NL" A, no office (Minister of State, 6 December, F-ne Minister 21 December)5 FIROTA, Ex-Premier; FOS^INO, President Planning Board; ITAGAKI, Lt. General - no appointment; KAYA, President North Cbina Development Company; KIDO, Lord Keeper of Privy Seal; KIMUBA, Lt. General in coia and 32nd Division; KOISO, General on reserve list; MATSUI, General retired; Adviser to Last Asia Promotion Federation; MATSUOKA, Foreign Minister and Over- seas Affairs Minister; Vice President, Cbina Affairs Board, Suprerc War Councillor. 1INAMI, Governor-General of / 7 Korea; MUTO, Cbief of Military Affairs Bureau (War Ministry) 5 NAGANO, Special Inspector of Navy; OKA, Pioar Admiral, Member of Naval Staff Imperial headquarters; OKAWA, Director General, East Asia fie search Bureau, South Manchuria Railway; OS^IMA, Fx-Amba ssadcr to Germany (re-appointed 20 December) SATO, Colonel, Deputy Chief cf Staff South China Pxpeditionary Force; ST"IGM IT£U, Ambassador to Great Britain; SFIMADA, Adi iral in command Cvina Fleet; StTIEAT0EI, Diplor.atic Councillor, - 154 - Document No. 0001 i- t EXHIBIT PAGL Y/ITNISS 7897 77.7-A 8606 Liebert 6400 555-C Year: 1940 HEFIIOJCI foreign Ministry; SiFTJKI. Lt. General, Secretary of Cabinet Political Committee on China Affairs, Director, Cvina Affairs Board; TOGO, Aibas sad or to USSR; TOJO, War Minister, President Manchuria . ffairs BOTCI, Vice-President Cine Affairs Board; UNLZU, Commander- in-Chief, Kwantung A m y and Ambassador te Manchukuo; Pre! ier, Konoye, An extract from PATSUOIu.'s specch at tbc conclusion of tbe Tri-Partite Pact on 27 September was quoted tr show tbat the Pact divided, the world int^ two carps between which war would inevitably be waged. As of 27 September United States exports cf iron and steel scrap tc Japan equals million tons for the past 6 ""ears. Letter from Ott to MhTSUOIG' of 27 September premised tvat Germany "will do their utmost to aid Japan" - with all means in th^jr in the event of war between Japan ' nd '-ngland in Greater Last LsIf. A letcei from the German .-.oassr.'u to i'i/.-I-AJOFA of tve same date refer'' c^ Japanese mandated terr:' ' cr>- Ir 3 r.v'h ocas cciicerning wt-icr rl'-i jU'.-D >?• d r t rested confirmation EL G ,.»T an GR meat's agreement that - 155 - cumont No. 0001 Year: 194-0 Ca bine t: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE HTlirSS RUERENCE 6400 555-0 Germany be compensated fo:r less c.f Japanese mandated territories b'.v'- Jap?n should retain them. Ambassador confirmed tvis. 6394 554 Imperial rescript issued on 27 September was addressed to the Japanese people and attempted to gain support of Tri-Partite Pact, giving the impression It was concluded for peace and security amongst nations. TOJO, and ^OSFINO's names appeared as principal officers cf the government„ On the same day the German Ambassador in Tokyo thanked MATSUOKA for favorable participation in Pact negotiations and generally extending hand of friendship. On 28 September MATSUOKA resigned as Overseas Minister but retained other posts. - 156 -ft IB \< P DC s l Y ^ / E . U V C 0 / eminent No. 0001 C O R R E C T E D COPY P L E A S E D E S T R O Y P A R T I I O F DOCUMENT N O . 0 0 0 1 A L R E A D Y D I S T R I B U T E D AND R E P L A C E B Y CORTTECTID C O P Y A T T A C H E D . ( f t nt No. 0901 Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Koncye EXHIBIT PACE WITNESS EEEEHENCE 6870 6l3-;. On 28 September Thailand again requested revision cf River Mekong boundary but dropped subject cf Laos and Cambodia until the position of French Indo-China is altered. 6975 628 Statement of Japanese foreign policy up.3 made by Japanese Foreign Ministry on 28 September con- cerning establishment cf Greater -̂ ast Asia Cc- Prcsperity Sphere; economic agreement with French Indo-China and the Netherlands East Indies; in- creased coalition .ith Thailand; plans for Japa- nese control cf areas in southern .usia; instigate independence movement in French Indo-Chiua so France will renounce its right therein; plans for bases in Thailand; Strcits Settlements to be placed under direct control cf Japan. 6817 868--. On 1 October the T0tal tfar Research Institute i was promulgated under the Frime Minister's ad- ministration to control basic study and research in connection with national total wrr and shall control the education and training cf officials and ethers in connection .viva national total war; personnel requirements, etc. On 1 October HCSHINO was also Director of Total <«cr Institute. Pcctjmcnt No.0001 I-V.GE 3560 EXHIBIT .IT-3 S3 86l 6365 618- 6627 537 9723 1027 Year: 19I4.O Cabinet: 2nd Konoye KEF^REjvOE i. cabinet meeting ef 3 October was held en "Outline fcr the Economic Construction of Japan, Manchukuc and China." Decisions were zns.de tc accomplish this con- struction by perfection of reorganization of national occncay organization and strengthening of sphere of self-existence, expansion and or- ganization of the Ecst i.sia Co-Prosperity Sphere. On 7 October a councillor cf the Erench Embassy at Tokyo notified the Japanese cf the 26 September bembing and' they paid French 33,000 pesos compen- sation money. Memo from -v'iehl cf German Foreign Ministry of 8 Cctcb^r related to trade between Japan and Germany. It shows close economic cooperation between J •.-pan and Germany in var material field and also that Japan contemplated at time cf signin_ the •'•ri-Partite Pact that such a treaty would react unfrvorrbly against Japan's trade. On 10 October in a message from the Japanese Embassy to the United States Department of State, the former stated that it is difficult to concede that U. S. measures with re^crd tc iron and steel scrap were modified solely in the interests cf national d.fonse - in view of the situation of iron and steel, their supply and demand, and the volume shipped tc Japan. -158- ^ _ Document No.0001 PiiGE 6S?0 EXHIBIT .II'INESS 618-A 9768 1031 11826 130 Year; like Cabinet: ."nd Konoye HSFHffi. ,CE On 11 October, France again refused Thailand's demands of 13 September; thus situation grew tense and Thailand concentrated troops on the French Indc-China border. Grew informed MAT&U0K.'* on 11 October that the setting up of a complete and discriminatory con- trol of exchange had caused ..merican trade in North China to ccme tc a virtual halt, faeriean enterprise had been driven from Manchuria, reduced tc insignificant proportions in North China, and now it appears Japan intends tc force the United States out of Shanghai. On 15 October, OKw, Rear Admiral, v/cs appointed Chief of General and Military Affairs Bureau of Navy Ministry and assistant to Navy Minister in the Imperial Headquarters; also (3 November) Sec- retary of the National General Mobilization Council. The Van Mock bock states that tbo .Dutch and Japanese delegations mot from 14-16 October under the chairmanship of Kbbayashi and Van Mcok. , The Japanese delegation stated that despite the Tri- partite Pact, Japan wantod firm friendly relations with the Netherlands East Indies and wishes for cr—existence and co-prosperity. The Netherlands, stated that while the Tri-Partite Pact raised serious misgivings, they were -filling to continue negotiations if it could be understood Japan had 110 hostile intentions nor claims leadership over Netherlands East Indies. The Netherlands requested -159- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT ?.'.G3 -JIINSSS 11826 1309-A 8607 Liebert 11817 1313 8^53 Liebert 11329 1309-- 11829 1309-v. Ytarj 1340 Cabinets 2nd Konoye KEEEBENC" Japan to sub.:;it a list of points to bo discussed but oil could bo treated separately if desired. On 16 October by Presidential proclamation an embargo '/as placed on all iron and steel scrap except t. th~ western hemisphere and Great Britain. Octobcr 18 telegram from Kobayashi to RuTSUOKA regarding the urgency of placing the Netherlands East Indies within the Greater East Asia Cc- Pror-.erity Sphere end in order to accomplish this Japan's economic powers should be deeply implanted in the Netherlands Indies. Certain items requested in the budget cf th.. next fiscal year should mate- rialise, An ordinance concerning operation of funds of banks and other financial institutions wore pro- mulgated on 19 October and provided that all financial institutions were required to adjust their investment policies in accordance with the directives of the minister cf Finance. On 20 October, two days after accepting the Netherlands proposals regarding negotiations, Hohnyashi, the Chief Japanese delegate, loft for Japan, On 21 Octobcr a note was given by the Japanese delegation to the Netherlands, stating their ap- preciation for the Netherlands explanation of the petroleum situation on 7 October. It went on t:: state that Mulrai had found wide differences in the proposals of the twe countries and that the proposed quantity of aviation gas and crude -I60- r 1 Document No. 0001 PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 11829 1309-^ 97-9 1032 11337 1317 Year: 1943 Cabinet: 2nd Kcnoye REFERENCE oil to Japan is almost nil. Japan would like the Netherlands to comply with her proposals. Also Japan is hindered in her exploitations of oil wells 011 account cf the Netherlands policy of allocating spheres of interest to existing companies and is anxious to obtain rights to unexplored territories as well as government reserves. Murai is ready to enter into negotiations. On 24 October Grew informed LL.TSUOEA that since 1 October Japanese regulations governing control of inspections and shipments of raw materials for light industries in North China arc destined to result in large financial losses unless modified. A Cabinet decision cf -'5 October stated that the Netherlands East Indies must from the economic standpoint become a part cf the Greater East -sia Cc-Prcsperity Sphere. Measures must be taken to stop Netherlands East Indies depending on the European-American economic bloc and all restric- tions removed which hinder Japan's economic activi- ties. Japan must be allowed to purchase agricul- tural products, obtain special cooperation from Netherlands East Indies in export of merchandise, obtain entry to unopened ports, have more freedom in fishing industry, inaugurate an air service, and- although net including Netherlands East Indies in the yen bloc, must try'to ple.ee exchange control under Japan's guidance and Netherlands East Indies -161- Document No. OOOi Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye E X H I B I T p;,cs W I T N E S S H S F E R I K C E 11837 1317 banks should establish credit to the Japanese and give them financial facilities. Third Powers' interest in the Netherlands East Indies must be stopped and newspaper propaganda on j»nti-Japanese view controlled. Various measures such as in- viting influential natives to Japan and by propaganda oi-o t<r, be res. rted to, and the economic policy is aimed tc establish the Co-Prosperity Sphere and expand Japanese interests. II834, 1316 On 2j October Saito cabled IvL'.TSUOKA referring 11835 to wlurai : s telegram to the Chief of Fuel ..ffairs Bureau that from the standpoint cf the indus- trialist it is most reasonable, but it is neces- sary that further consideration bo given from the strategical standpoint, x'he application for prospecting in indicated areas may arouse Netherlands Fast Indies' suspicion, end those in Batavia think it necessary that Japan fortify certain areas in Dutch New Guinea etc. with plenes and plain-clothes troops for r strategical bcc-G for operation against the Dutch. large investigation is necessary and Saito advocated that prospecting rights be acquire! for whole areas, taking into consideration strategical standpoint when selecting districts. -162- Document No* 0001 Year; 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE 7ITIS33 HEFEHENCE 11734 1299-i. 4-.1i article in Yemiui newspaper of 27 October written by O S H m justifying the "Tri-Part?te -lliance as a peaceful instrument and stating that Japan must establish a new order in East 4.3ia - relationship of mutual harmony end prosperity must be established with French Indo- Chiua, Netherlands East Indies and the South Sea Islands to be settled with the new order in Europe and consultations with Germany and Italy. The ioda must unite in their efforts since the prosecution of the war in Europe is closely bound with the a&.i order in Eas-t Asia. 11331 1309-4. On 29 October Murai requested thct certain uncommitted oil territories in Borneo, Celebes, Dutch New Guinea, -roo. Archipelago and the Schouten -rchipolago be considered as Japan's Sphere of interest, Japan would like acknowl- edgement of these spheres of interest for her in order to explore rnd exploit them and requests that the necessary steps according to the mining law be taken. Ja^an may consider the capital participation of Netherlands Erst Indies in these enterprises. Jr^an Tjculd also like shares in the N* V. Neclerlandshe Indische -i.rdolio Maatschappij end requests terms and conditions. -I63- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 5284 68?3 3004 3005 9771 462 6l8-A 244 244 1033 11844 1309-^ Year: 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Xonoye PZFEPENCE Announcement cf Cabinet Information Bureau N :. 5, November stated that new a net; phase has been entered since the signing cf the Tri-Partite Pact. Cabinet Council have decided on summary of the program for economic construction embracing Ja^an, ̂ ancLukuc and China. At a ministers' conference on 5 November (T0J0 War Minister)- it was decided to help Thailand in her boundary fight with French Indo- china and isak-; her cooperrte politically and economically in establishment of a new order in East Asia. The Chief of Staff of the Kwantung r̂.ay on 5 November cabled the Vice Minister cf War Anami concerning change cf ambassadors to Manchiikuo. On 7 November KIMUBA was appointed to Japan- MancLukuo Economic Joint Committee, and Lrnd Development Committce. Vice ar Minister telegraphed to the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung -urny on 8 November stating change in ambassadors tc Manchukuo was approved. On 15 November Grew complained tc MATSUCSA that merchandise owned by U. S. ictcrests is being refused to re-export permits from Indo- Chinr. as a result of Japanese pressure, and re- quested stops be taken to' put an end to this interference. On 15 Ncvember the Netherlands Minister recom- mended tc the Vice Foreign Minister in Tokyo that the negotiations be discontinued, since they were at a standstill for lack cf subject matter. -164- Document No. 9001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNE3S 6874 6873 9724 9773 6873 613-.. II844 1309-A 6270 6444 563 6lS- 1028 1034 618-A Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Koncyo HEFERFNCE On 19 November France refused Japan's request to cede territory to Thailand. On 20 November a verbal note stated that a new specirl envoy had been appointed by the Japanese for the Netherlands negotiations in order to speed up the proceedings. On 21 November OKA was appointed Councillor tc the Cabinet Planning Board. « telegram from Ctt to German Foreign Ministry of 21 November was introduced to show how German aid to Japan against French Indo-China and Siam served as a springboard for attack on Singapore. Discusses Japanese and Anglo-Saxon efforts to win Thailand over to their side. The second Four-Minister (T0J0, A'ar Minister) conference was held on 21 November where it wrs decided to help Thailand tc gain control cf Pro- bang and Pakuse as well, provided she agreed to Japanese demands. On 22 November, Sir -Robert Craigie in a memo- randum to the Japanese Foreign Minister, gave a survey of the very large number of outstanding Anglo-Japanese cases in china, acme d: ting back to 1938, and Japanese laxity in settling them, he enumerates many by date and location. On 26 November, Gr0w protested to MAT3U0KA on the arresting of the •"merieon vice Consul and United Press correspondent in Hanoi. Cn 23 November a clash occurred between French Indo-China and Thailand troops in the vicinity of Laos. -165- Document No. 0C01 Years 1940 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye - )• m EXHIEIT WITNESS REFERENCE 1x345 13C)— On 26 November, Yoshizawa was appointed Japanese special envoy for the Netherlands negotiations. 6427 56l i. conference between ffeizsackcr ana -^nbassadcr Kurusu cf 29 November showed th. t within several months after the conclusion _f the -'•'ri-Partite alliance, collaboration between the three powers was taking the definite course of preparation for Japanese advance through the region south of China as a prerequisite-for an attack on Singapore. Conclusion cf Sine-Japanese and Russo-Japanese agreement would pave the way for these advances. 5323. 464 On 30 November a joint tretty was concluded 5327 465 between Japan and the new Japanese controlled 40 government of China, and joint declaration of governments of Japan, Manchukuo and Japanese controlled China as part . f plan of establishing a "New Order in ̂ ast Asia." 4793 39o On 9 Docember, the U. S. consul at Tsinan made a report on the cultivation, sale and use of opium in the Tsinan Consular District. 8607 Liobert On 10 December, the U. S. embargo on iron -ud steel was placed under licensing system. 560 telegram from Ctt of 13 December concerned the invaluable work O S H m and SHIPu.TORI have done and ccn do as ambassadors in Berlin and Home, and urged OSHIwL. to once more accept post as am- bassador to Germ?ay because of his understanding cf German-Japanese policy. -166- ' No. 0001 Y E A R ; 1 9 4 0 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT P A G E W I T N E S S K S F E R E I I C E In Decenber 1940 SHERATORI, Toshio wrote an article entitled, "The Three Power Pact and the World of Tomorrow" which was published in the publication "Contemporary Japan", regarding the treaty between Japan-Germany-Italy concluded in Berlin on 27 September. 3001 243 A telegram was sent on l6 December from the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army to the Vice Minister of War and Vice-Chief of the ay General Staff concerning trade pact between Japan, Manchukuo and China and Germany. 9778 1036 On 17 December Grew reiterated to MATSUOKA his complaint of 15 November concerning export permits from Indo-China for United States goods. 7930 787 * Privy Council meeting attended by TOJO was held on 18 December at which MATSUOKA stated that relations with USSR should be regulated at the moment when USSR sees no menace in Japan. 6449 567 Telegram from Ott to -"eich Ministry on 19 December tells of Japanese Foreign Minister's plans to visit Rome and Berlin to coordinate Tri-Partite Pact and overcome deadlock in negotiations with China and Russia. On 20 December 0SHE.IA was reappointed Envoy Extra-ordinary and .Ambassador Plenipotentiary in Germany. -167- •CLment I,Jo 0001 Year; 1940-1941 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT WimraSS REFERENCE 41'if io:J On 20 December an agreement was made providing. for the establishment of a general commission and two technical commissions to be formed under the provisions cf Article IV of the Tri-Partite Pact. on 21 December HXBiJSTLMA. was appointed Home Minister. SUZUKI, Lt. General, was appointed Director General cf China Affairs Board and Councillor of ̂ 'otal ̂ ar Research Bureau. 6269, On 26 December MUTQ w;:s appointed Councillor 6270 of the Scuth Seas Bureau cf the Overseas Affairs Ministry and OKA was appointed Councillor of the Bureau of Southern Colonization, the Overseas Affair Ministry. 6451 568 Telegram from Ott to Reich Ministry cf 31 December stated that the Foreign Minister was preparing to leave for Berlin. 10194 1123-A SHIM-'-BA stated in interrogation that Yamamotc submitted his plan for Pearl Harbor to the General Staff in January 1941. 8096 Sejima Sojima stated in direct examination that he incinerated plans f~r the Japanese attack on the USSR planned tc take place in 1939* t h Q plan, it appeared that Japan had contemplated an attack against "Far East-Russia" occupying Voroshilcv, Vladivostok, etc. His position at the time was in Military Operation Section whore he was in charge of the safeguarding and burning of secret papers; in-this Capacity he was told in the Spring of 1941 to destroy aforesaid plans, which he rood befcre doing; sc. -168- Document No, ft 001 EXHIBIT ' 'T vmr -'Tf -•0 97 1315 10057 6;, 23 3451 rrnr —Tf ̂ OJimS 154 1103 261 352 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye KEEEHSNCE Sejima testified to the plan for the attack en the Maritime Provinces and agaicot Russia prepared in 1941* Offensive to be taken in Sui Ren Ho district and extended towards Blagoveshchensk and Rubyshevska. Plan wes an offensive plan, and the one for the following year was on the same lines. The :rders of Restriction of Publication in newspapers and others, otherwise known as.Imperial Ordinance Number 37 was enacted on 10 January and prohibited publication cf any news which might hinder conduct of foreign affairs or national policies, cr conduct of financial and economic policies and that which must be kept secret from foreign countries. On 13 January a Liaison Conference was held attended by T0J0, MUTO and OKA. Address made by MATSUOKA on the occasion of a farewell party f^r OSHIMA en his departure for » Germany on 15 January. MATSUOKA wished OSHIMA well and reiterated the confidence CSHUvlA had gained from the German government, their pleasure at his appointment and the importance of his mission to further cement German-Japanese rela- tions . Communication from Chief of Intendance Bureau, War ministry to Ministry of Finance - Chief Finance Bureau, 16 January', requested confiden- « tial preparation of original plates cf military currencies to be used in unspecified areas. -169- Document No. 0001 E X H I B I T P I I G E W I T N E S S 11845 1309-A 11057 1103 10301 1157-B Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye HETEEEMCI On l6 January, the new Japanese delegation to the Netherlands East Indies headed by Yoshisawa presented a memorandum on their requests- It stated that in view cf the fact that the Netherlands East Indies is thinly populated a^A undeveloped, Japan is of the opinion that if she participates in the ex- ploitation and development cf these islands great benefit will be reaped by both countries, therefore she makes the following proposals: That the entry cf Japanese nationals into Netherlands East Indies be greatly facilitated, restrictions on medical practice be removed so Japanese medicos can practice in Netherlands East Indies, Japanese be afforded favorable treatment in Japanese-Netherlands East Indies joint enterprises, mining projects be allowed, unrestricted fishing permitted, air service established by Japanese, ports opened to Japanese, submarine cables laid, establishment of Japanese businesses facilitated, import quotas arranged, and friendly customs treatment afforded Japanese imports. Liaison Conferences were held on l6, 17 and 19 January, attended by HHUiTOM*. and TOJC. TOJC stated in interrelation, that at the time he had agreed with M^JJSUOKA'e speech cf January when he stated the' Tri-Partite Pact was the realisation of the ideal of Hakko Ichiu. -170- Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabineti 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 4386 425 On 21 January the U. S„ Treasury Attache in Shanghai issued a report on the opium monopoly distribution there. He attached a Chinese Enclosure signed by Lee Ming. 11740 1300 In a speech to the Diet by MATSUOEA on 21 January t.e stated that the Netherlands East Indies and French Indo-China should be intimately and inseparably related with Japan. Kobayoshi (Minister of Commerce and Industry) had been sent t. the Netherlands East Indies tc discuss nego- tiations for purchase of oil, but had been obliged te return when the negotiations were at a definite stage and had been replaced by Yoshizawa, 9613 1003 On 22 January, Ambassador Nomura was instructed tc try to make the President and other people appreciate the fact that if, as it seems, there is no means cf finding mutual understanding between Japan and the United States, then Japan has to join with countries other than the United States and Great Britain. Japan, in crder te prevent war, and fcr her own defense, had decided to contract an alliance with the Axis. Whereas, Japan's actions in China were considered to be aggressive and unjust, her actions there were based entirely on the desi're to build the Greater East Asia Cc-Prosperity Sphere on the principle of "The World Uixder One Roof0 and she x *• was not thinking of excluding foreigners from this region. -171- Document No., nool EXHIBIT I.xC: WITNESS 380 865 698I 629 11057 1103 9379 1067 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE On 22 January, tiie Cabinet decided tc enforce a population increase policy tc insure a source of military strength as part of Japan's General Military Preparations - Goal was set as 100,000,000 domestic population by i960. On 23 January, MATfUOKA, rdUTO and 0KA were appointed Japanese members of joint Japan-German- It alj, Ccnmittee in Tokyo, and 0SHBL» to similar Committee in Berlin. Memo of Weizsacker dated 23 January which stated the Japcne^a AQbass^cHr mentioned a con- versation between Ott and the V i ^ For^i^n Minister, the British influence on Vichy must be prevented since Japan's advance in the direction of Singapore necessitates use cf Malacca Penin- sula and the passage through Indc-China and Siam. Liaison Conference of 23 January attended by HHUNUMA and T0J0. An extract from the Japan Times and Advertiser of 23 January stated that the fundamental princi- ples of Japan's population policy were decided at Cabinet meeting after H0SHIN0, President cf the Cabinet Planning Board and the Welfare, Education and War (TOJC) Ministers gave explanations and 8451 852 Communication No. 2. Top Secret Sanctioned, 24 January bee ring seals of several prominent officials referred tc the subject of prepara- tion and printing of military currency notes -172- Dccunent No. 0001 p f, n— 1 j.l>jr.<- 3451 E X H I B I T WITNESS 852 11356 1313 1174 o 1302 11057 1103 6932 630 6429 562 Year: 1941 Cabinet 1 2nd Kcncye KSFSP^NCE and is acknowledgment of the communication and the matt rs contained therein by the several officials. On 27 January 1941, Yos-izawa cabled M^TSUOKA that since the more favorable positicn of the -Hies through the defeat of Italy in the Mediterranean and increased United States aid, Netherlands East Indies had evidenced a strange attitude towards Japan and is even expressing her opposition on every ueasure. Unless Japan adepts determined pleasures not only the nego- tiations development, but also the development of relations would be difficult. MATSUOKA instructed the Japanese delegate in Batavia en 23 Janu-.ry that Yoshizawa should absolutely refrain from using expressions that wculd deny Japan's hegemony within the Greater East Asia Sphere when speaking te outsiders. A Liaison Conference was held on 30 January attended by T0J0, HIR JTCMA, MUTC and OKA. Telegram from Leahy in Paris tc Secretary of State, Washington, cf 23 January re German re- fusal .to allow French troops to enter French Indo-China, as if they do not wish t: have French defense strengthened there. Telegrams frem German Ambassador in Tokyo tc the Reich Foreign Minister, dated 31 January, shewing that the Japanese Government and people were united behind 'the Tri-Partite Pact and SHIRATOPI led the demand for attack on Singapore 190 Document NC. 0001 Years 1941 Cabinet; 2nd Koncye E X H I B I T P A G E W I T N E S S P E F E P E N C E 6429 and thu:j inspired the rooking cf a research study cf such an attack by the Military Specialists of the German Embassy in Tokyo. Scnflicticn with United States increased. 11744 1303 KIDO stated in his diary cf 1 February that Prince Fushimi, Premier Koncye and General Sugiyama reported to the -^mpercr the policy which wes decided at the Liaison Conference of 30 January regarding French Indo-China and Thailand. 44 The use „f naval and air bases was decided and the grasping cf the opportunity afforded Japan by French Indc-China and Thailand having accepted arbitration would contribute to the preparation fcr the southward policy. 11057 1103 A Liaison Conference was held cn 3 February attended by TO JO, HIRANUEa/i, MUTQ and OKA. 11852 1309-A Cn 3 February the Netherlands answered the Japanese proposal of lo January. This memoran- dum stated that while the Netherlands wished tc afford neutrals improved economic relations, consideration must be given to the progress and emancipation cf the Netherlands East Indies people and the maintenance of a strict non-dis- crimination affording' nc preponderance of foreign activity in any economic field. The Netherlands refuted the Japanese statement that the Netherlands East Indies were net developed and stated it was self-supporting. While there ia naturally room for improvement, it was pointed -174- Document No. 9001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 11852 1309-A 86c7 Liebert 6446 564 11858 1319 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Koncyo REFERENCE out that agricultural emigrants to Java were 50,p00 persons a year and still increasing and Netherlands East Indies is not in need of immi- gration. Japan's share in imports is larger due to the buying power by exports by Netherlands East Indies to third countries. On 3 February copper, brass, zinc, nickel, and potash were placed on the embargo list by Presi- dential proclamation. On 5 February MATSUOKA was appointed Japanese mediator in dispute between Prance and Siam. Telegram from Ott to German Foreign Office, dated 6 February regarding Japan's plans to obligate Ft iico' a ad Thailand by secret _:gree..ient ,,hereby they Third Power. va.ll make no 'military or political agreement with a/ Yoshizawa cabled MATSUOKA on 6 February reporting that MATSUOKA1s speech on the Co-Prosperity Sphere had caused a great shock in the Netherlands East Indies end has been greatly publicized. He went on to complain of other irritating press re- leases and stated that the Dutch Minister, doubt- ing Japan's intent, has requested recognition by Japan of the exiled government as the de jure and de facto government. Armed force seems to be the only way to make the Netherland East Indies a member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere and full preparations must first be made to meet thi3 eventuality. Otherwise Japan will have to choose peaceful economic negotiations, however unsatis- factory. If the latter case is so then speeches -175- Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye E.HTIB.TT wriKsaa pĵ i-tijuo.E; II858 1319 and actions must conform to this policy to aid negotiations. The most recent developments in Tokyo do rot cover this aim. 9782 1039 In a proposal from An.hony Fden to SHIGEMIT5U on 7 February it is stated that a lthough at the outset the British Ambassador had hoped the new cabinet would cooperate and settle problems peacefully, subsequent happenings reported to him did not illustrate this intention. The signing of the i'ri-Partite Pact and the attitude that only Japan is entitled to mediate in affairs in the Far East can not be overlooked. In regard to the Far Eastern situation, Britain wishes to moke it clear that although she has territories in the F a r East, she harbors no aggressive intent, and has no objection to Japan formulating her own policy, but hopes that it will not lead to a terrible di saster. 9739 1040 On 7 F e b r u a r y 3HIGEMITSU replied to Eden, stating th't he was r.ct awar... of such a critical situation and that England failed to understand Japan's intentions. -Vhile Britain accused Japan :f cooperating with her enemies, she had con- sistent ly cooperated with Japan's enemies. Geographically, Japan should lead Asia, and this does not differ from the special interests which Britain and the United Ctftes feel to their neighbourIng countvie3. - >;'•- Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye HEgE'BEI'CE Telegram MATSUOKA to Nomura of 7 February tells him to impress upon the U. th. t Japan is not so exhausted by the China fighting as ir. supposed there. Japan has no intention of fighting the 13. and they should co-operate lest the U.S.S.R. should bolshovize all China. Telegram from German Ambassador, Tokyo, dated 9 February regarding Japanese desire to assist Germany in getting rubber end other raw materials; telegram from Berlin approving Japanese intention in agreement with F r a n c e and Thailand and these countries would make no agreements with third powers, awaiting further news on affairs in Indo- China. \ Telegram from Ott to Reich Minister d .ted 10 February states that MATSUOKA is to leave shortly for Berlin to discuss mainly: tsl) attitude of Tri-Partite partners to Ai:er;'.ca; (2) ; ttempts to keep America out of the war. If this is unavoid- able, Japan is considering a preventative attack on Singapore to eradicate the United States from the Pacific. (3) termination of china conflict. On 13 February Yoshizowa cabled MATSUOKA, stat- ing that the Netherlands East Indies were now much closer to the United States and Great Britain and that the South Seas problem, particularly Nether- lands East Indies, is an important cause for United States expansion of naval ships. Nether- lands East Indies is more inclined towards being in United States hands than Japanese, since they Document No. 9001 " E X H I B I T P.:,C-E W I T I E 5 5 11361 1045 4793 393 9794 ie4i 11057 1103 9793 1043 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Koncyo F T E R E N C E can expect positive aid from United States and Britain. Success of the negotiations, due to Netherlands East Indies following United States attitude, seems remote and the only means of settlement left is for Japan to exercise her real power. No success can be obtained in negotiations by Japan shouting for a co-pros- perity sphere under her leadership. •Hi article from the Japanese-owned newspaper "Little Critic" of 13 February gives indication that Japanese residents at Tsingtao were opposed to present Japanese narcotic policy. Cn 13 -February MATSU0KA cabled SHIGMITSU, in- forming him that he intended to see Crr.igie a few days and asked 3HIGEMITSU to hand Eden his telegram No. 47 and explain the reason he expressed so unreserved an opinion is that he felt so close tc him. He stated ^raigie's report was a fantasy and groundless. SHIGEMITSL1 is tc make verbal representation that Japan has no intention to mj.ke trouble with England. Liaison Conference was held on 13 February attended by T0J0, HIRANTMA, M U T 0 and CKk. In a memorandum of 14 ̂ ebruary of Hull, he stated that the ̂ resident had informed the new Japanese Embassador on his visit to him that Americans were concerned about Japanese move- ments south to -'ranch Indo-^hina, etc., and her entry into the Tri-Partite' Pact. In view of these situations it might be wise for the State -178- Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabineti 2nd Konoye i oyn EXHIBIT P.. .GE W I T N E S S R E E E HE I TC E '798 1043 Department officials to frankly conf r with him (the embassador) to see if relations could be improved. 9797 1042 Grew informed mTSUOKA on 13 February that Japanese officials in Indo-China continued their interference in granting permits to United States firms„ 9804 1045 On 14 February MATSUOKA cabled Nomura in Washington and stated that he had urged at a recent Diet session reconsideration of Japan's attitude towards the United States; He set out a list of points which Nomura was to make clear to the United States Government. These points embraced the natioLal policy of Japan and her determination to carry it out, also the fact that the China war had not exhausted Japan's supplies. 6446 565 Telegram from German Ambassador, Tokyo, to German Foreign Ministry of 17 February concerning difficulty or arranging treaty due to Thailand's o::cei::'.:ive demands. Hope to effect compromise and press Vichy Regime to accept. 10043 H O I M.TSU0KA, in a reply to Eden of 17 February, stated that Japan is surprised at Britain's con- cern over the Ear Eastern situation, based on reports of embassador Craigie. He stated that Japan was also anxious over British and United States movements in the Pacific and South Seas, and some quarters aro advocating the.* Japan take stops to meet the worst in these regions. He again stated Japan's peaceful intentions and her -179- Document No. 0001 PAGE 10043 EXHIBIT WITNESS 110.1 9801 1?44 9811 1046 11057 1103 Year: 1941 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye REFERENCE motto is "no conquest, no oppression, no exploi- tation." Japan is ready to act as a mediator anywhere, and he hoped England would agree that there is a grave responsibility to restore peace, which can only be fulfilled by a wise and courageous statesmanship willing to be accommo- dating and generous. MATSUGKA stated in a telegram to SHIGEMITSU on 17 February that Craigie's report seemed to be based the idea that Japan wanted military bases in French Indo-China and Thailand, and he did not know en what grounds Craigie had based this report. When the Vice-Minister stated this was based on speeches and actions of military men who controlled Japan's diplomacy, MATSUOKA stated he could find nothing to substantiate this. On 18 February MATLUOKA cabled SHIGEMITSU concerning a conversation with Craigie to dis- cuss Japanese-English relations. Japan accused England of misinterpretation of her actions and when Craigie inquired*if Japanese mediation policy / in the French Indo-Chint'se-Siam conflict would not reap exorbitant compensation, MATSUOKA stated that Japan's real reward would be in the restoration of peace. On 19 February SHIGEMITSU was appointed Ambas- sador to China. A Liaison Conference was held on 20 February attended by TOJC, HIL-.NUMA, MUT0 and OKA. -180- ' Document Nc« 3001 PAGE 9316 EXHIBIT WjT G SO 1047 6456 570 11057 69^2 7862 1103 6:-3-A 769 9821 1049 Year: 1941 Cabinet s 2nd Konoye REFERENCZ Craigie wrote MATSUOKA on 21 February with respect to the presense of British troops near the Malaya-Thailand border. A communique which had been issued by Thailand regarding their presence stated in effect rboth countries still respect the Treaty and pact of non-aggression concluded between one another*, while the Japanese press had misquoted this by stating, ''Great Britain should respect the Ncn-Aggression Tre ty "hich she concluded with Thailand." Report of conversation at Berlin between OSHIMA and Weizsaeker on 22 February shows close Gennan-Japan collaboration plans for Russian Pact, settlement of China matters, and plans for capturing Hong Kong and Singapore. Liaison Conference, of 23 February attended by TCJOr HIPANIMA, MUTO and OKA. Excerpt frcm conference of Ribbentrcp and OSHIMA of 23 February in which Ribbentrop refers tc Germany's victory cn continent as conclusion of Tri-Partite Pact being greet advantage to Japan. Whereas in former times Japan's friend- ship enabled Germany tc re-arm after Anti- Comintern Pact, Germ:ny:s victory has e?*ainated France as a power in Asia and greatly weakened English strength, allowing Japan to advance closer to Singapore. An interchange of communications between Japan and Britain of '24 February stated that Churchill was pleased to see that MATSUOKA sees -161- - ' ' •<"• Document Nc. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE 1ITNESS EEFEFENI 9821 1049 no reason to feel any untoward developments in the 15a. There is no question of Britain's attacking in the Ear East end Britain's concern was not only based on Cpaigie's reports, but on events in the Ear East. Britain is fighting to overthrow a system of lawlessness and violence abroad and tyranny at homo and to gain no personal advan- tage. 9819 1048 ExiIGEvmToU cabled MATSUOKA on 24 February and related a conversation with Premier Churchill in which the latter expresses regret at the present worsening of Anglo-Japanese relations. He stated that measures in Singapore were merely defensive, and Britain had never taken any offensive policy towards Japan. England would emerge victorious from the present conflict and the mediation sug- gested by MATSUCKA would not arise. 9826 1050 OSHUvL; informed MATSUQKA in a telegram of 25 February that he had stressed various matters con- cerning Japanese-German relations with Pibbentrop. He told the latter that Japan is absolutely faithful tc the Tri-Partite Pact and everyone is moving forward to the realization of the national policy with the pact as a keynote tc foreign relations. 9328 1051 On 25 February SHIGEMITSU cabled MATSUQKA and told him that he had informed Churchill that MATSUCKA ' s offer was not one of mediation. SHIGEMITSU pointed out that most problems be- tween England and Japan had arisen out cf the China situation and he regretted England had -132- Document No. 0001 Years 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS BEFEH5NCE 9o23 1051 been giving concrete assistance to China. The time had come for a constructive policy in the Pacific through goodwill and mutual understand- ing. Churchill stated Britain had kept strictly neutral in this situation and that Japan's in- tentions after the Tri-Partite Pact had been so « vague that both Britain and the United States had become suspicious. 479? 393 Report from American Consul Tslngtao to Secre- tary of State on 2b February regarding New Opium Prohibition Bureau inaugurated at Tsingtao. Criticism of enforcement of opium restrictions. 9835 1G53 Proposition of 27 February by SHIGEMITSU to Churchill stated that MATSUOKA wished to state that there was no hint of his readiness tc act as mediator. MATSUOKA wished to reiterate what he had said before on the Tri-Partite Pact; it was a peace pact to prevent a third power frcm entering the European Wa r c r Siao-Japanese con- flict. 9833 10.52 On 27 February Grew cabled Hull and related a conversation with MATSUOKA, who had interpreted the stationing of British troops on the Malaya-Thailand border, amd the reinforcement of Singapore, as offensive measures. Grew ex- pressed amazement at thi3 and stated that the United States should be guided by facts and ac- tions relating to Japan's 'southward advance and her occupation of many par*ts of Indo-China. -183- 1 Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT - tv -nnn Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE iHiZ> , 2 Telegram from Ribbentrop to German Ambacser. r, Tokyo, dated 27 Februaiy regardiag encouraging Japan at all costs to take early possession of Singapore, 6456 571 Extract from report of conversations between GSHIMA and Ribbentrop on 28 February states that after agreement made with Russia, Germany felt herself secure on the continent; bombing cf England caused sericus retard in her war effort; Japan needed by Germany in order to cut off England's possessions in the Far East, advocation of early attack en Singapore. On 1 March HATA was appointed Commander-in- Chief of the China Expeditionary Army. 7568 721-A Excerpt from Military Topographical Data for the purpose of landing operations in the Northern Sea, Vol. 2, March - which contains military topo graphical data necessary for landing operations in 15 districts of the Soviet peninsula Kanchatka Seizure planned by Japanese eneral Staff. ll057 II03 Liaison Conference cf 2 March attended by TCJO, HIRiNUMA & MUTO. .6469 573 Directive issued by Hitler's headquarters, 3 March, concerning collaboration between Germany and Japan, showing directives for cooperati >_a with Japan which directly resulted from the OSHIMA-Ribbentrop conference: (1) mutual pla:.s cf action; (2) Japanese seizure of raw materials; and (3) conquest of Singapore. -184- .1 '..n̂ eat No. 0001 Year: 1941 °abinet: 2nd Konoye E X H I B I T PAGE W I T N E S S R E F E R E N C E 9841 1054 MATSUOKA cabled Nomura on 4 March desiring that Nomura, in answering certain types of questions act in concert with him since he had answered affirma- tively when asked whether Japan would participate in the war if the United State.? should attack Germany. 6635 600 Letter from1 German Ambassador to Vice Foreign Minister of 5 March showing that Boltze replaced Ott as German Ambassador, when latter was absent in Germany. 110^7 1103 Liaison Conference of 6-7 March attended by MUTO, IIIRANUMA, T0J0. 9842 1055 A newspaper announcement with respect to the new mobilization law of 8 March stated that de- tailed regulation of the National Mobilization Law will be enforced on March 20. 98 On March 8 new Peace Preservation Law was pro- mulgated, 9843 I056 A memorandum of Hull of March 8 related to a conversation with Nomura in which Hull inquired whether he considered the United States could sit back and watch two or three large military forces being assembled, Nomura was evasive and played on the subject of U. S. embargos. Hull expressed the United States concern at Japanese aggressive policies. 6993 &33 Exchange of letters of 11 March between MATSUOKA and Henri - to Henri; Japanese offer to mediate dispute between French Indo-China and Siam. To -185- Document No. 0001 PAGE EXHIB1 W TINES . 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye ''ENCE •6993 633 8550 Liebert 11057 1103 6447 566 9347 1057 8290 Liebert MAT3U0KA: French Government accepts plan of mediation by Japan and for protection of its colonies will not enter into agreement with th ird powers. Promulgation of the National Savings ̂ ssocia- ticn Law 12 March, under provision cf National General Mobilization Law, with purpose of pro- viding for establishment of °avings Associations to encourage thrift accounts, and associations in turn bought up national bonds with their assets. Liaison Conference of 11 March attended by TCTO, HHUNTlJi, MUTO. On 12 March MATSUOKA was appointed to visit Europe. Telegram from German Ambassador, Tokyo, to German Foreign Ministry of 12 March re visit cf OhasLi tc express thanks for German support in mediation of Thailand-French Indc-China dispute. 14 M ch memorandum of conversation between the President and Nemirrr , stresses American an- xiety os v.. Japan-tc j nce.it; ons due to MATSUQKA's loud talk, and tae uauxpl->ined presence cf Japanese forces near Srjpon and Thailand. The .il'peiia] Oi j Comiany Law cf 15 March (Law No, 73) oil, IVf ifid -he Taperiel Fet:oleum Com- pel.y, a na+^nal policy company, to survey and dovv. V, j. oil tUi'V; .ind to rontrol the nurchase end -fi'; (..." a... ;et 'i;urr .xl oil products. -Ifct - Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS HEFSHSNCB 6474 57! Report dated 13 March of Cm tander-in-Chief of Gor an Navy to Hitler, giving suggestion that Japan should speedily attempt to eliminate Singapore. J\_ an is making such pirns but withholding action until Germany invades En, land; Japan wishes to ovoid war with the United States and can do so if she takes Singapore socn, seya C?jjman.l?r-in-Chief. MATSUOKA should be advised regarding the designs on Russia. On 18 March SATO wrs appointed Chief cf Military Affairs Section, Military Affairs Bureau (War Ministry), Secretary cf Manchuriun Affairs Board and Liaison Committee of ̂ ast Asia Development Board. 4801 400 Report Treasury ^tt-che, shanghai, dated 19 March, giving infcrmc.Li.~n thct two Chinese were controlling numerous herein dens operated by Chinese in Peiping. They work in cooperation 7/ith Japanese. 11748 1304 In a memorandum of 21 March :" r the G3rraari Foreign Minister, it is stated that tie subject of obtaining rubber and tin for Germany from Netherlands East Indies and 1'hailand through Japan in exchange for foreign bills cf exchange will have tc be discussed with MATSUOKA. Germany feels that freest possible trade should be afforded her, and as yet no aggravation has arisen to the Japanese conception that Germany deal with China, Indo-China and Netherlands East Indies through Jepan alone, since Germany is dependent on Jepanese imports during the War. -187- Document Wo. 3001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT "".Cn XTTiTSS REFERENCE 1- ' .'' On 24 March the U. 3. jimbassador to Russia cabled the U. s. Secretary of State regarding a conversation with MaTSUOKA, who stated emphatically Japan had no territorial ambitions and would on no account attack Singapore, or any United States, British or Dutch possessions. Japan would not go to war with the United States, and MATSUOKA stated that such a conflict would take place only as a result of affirmative action by the United States. 6476 575 Memorandum from Weizsacker tc Reich Foreign Minister dated 24 March, regarding debate on when Japan will enter war against England. Germany will agree tc forfeit the Netherlands East Indies claim and other South Seas possessions, yet Japan apparently awaits further German success agai 1st England. MATSUOKA still friendly to Russia but should be advised of change in German policy towards Russia in order to control Japanese policy through him after his European journey. 6477 5 76 Memorandum by Ott for German Foreign Minister cf 25 March regarding situation of Japan. Japanese Army and Navy planning for attack; air force at- tack of Singapore aided by German dive bomber specialists advising Japanese; promote good terms with -^ussia to avoid fighting on that side; sug- gest German specialists assist Japan's war economy in conquered areas to maintain free flow of raw materials from Netherlands East Indies and Malay. 6485 577 Minutes of conference between Hitler and MATSUOKA 7943 790 of 27 March, Ott and OSHBJA present, outline of - 1 8 8 - ; ^OCULlGUt No. 0001 Years 1941 Cabinets 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT nmi^ZS REFERENCE 6405 577 points favorable to an attack; MATSUOKA's mention 7943 790 of circles in Japan opposing, this until actually forced to do so - he believes only matter of time till Japan will attack and cannot promise anything for his Government, but will promote to the utmost the goals indicated. MATSUOKA insists 3-Power Pact was not concluded on basis of expectation Germany "lould win, but rather on belief in a new order. This belief was hi3 life's labour and he devcted all his energies to it. MATSUOKA then wishes to discuss his visit to Stalin in Moscow - he impressed Stalin that Japan was opposed to Anglo-Saxon capitalism in China and also that the Anglo-Saxons 7/ere greatest menace to New Order in Asia. The Anglo-Saxons were a mutual enemy of Japan, Germany and Russia. Conference ended with MATSUOKA1s praise of Hitler's leadership and the unity of German people behind him. 6498 578 Record of conversation between Reich Foreign Minister and MATSUOKA of 27 March, in which Reich Foreign Minister gave survey of situation from Germany'3 point of view as fellowss Germany has had high successes cn land and sea and her own production is likewise high; she has practically subjugated her enemies. Smaller countries of Europe are agreeable to Tri-Partite Pact. Fool in Germany will nevir become critical; raw materials have certtin set-backs, such as rubber. Reich Minister beli'oves Axis have practically won the war - he expects English capitulation this year, -189- u :iO, 0001 Year; 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Kcnoye EXHIBIT P.'GS • WITNESS REFERENCE . - ..', • Eiiglr.nl might have given up sooner except Roosevelt gave them much hope. America promises aid to England, but it will be long time till she can produce modern war materials. Tri-Partite Pact aims mainly at frightening America to keep her out of war. Hitler discusses advantage Japan's entering war, especially to strike at Singapore which would also restrain Roosevelt. Hitler believed it advantageous for Japan to enter the war. The seizure of Singapore would be r decisive factor. 7913 7 83 Excerpt of talk between MATSUOKA and Ribbe..trop of 27 March, in which it is stated that Germany concluded pact with Russia because Japan at the time could not join in pact with Germany. In view cf approaching war had tc conclude pact with USSR. 4795 397 Report of 28 March from American Consulate at Tsinan regarding Japanese Army profits through sale of heroin tc renegade Chinese troops. 6513 579 Notes on conversation between German Foreign Ministry and MATSUOKA on 28 March, regarding closer co-operation between Germany and Japan. Hitler pleased with MATSUOKA's activity in this matter. Great Britain must be utterly defeated, particularly Singapore must be taken to insure Japan's control of the South. Germany would help Japan in event of attack by Russia. As to the United States, it would not risk its fleet beyond Hawaii, attack on Singapore would ensure American -100- •v cu * it » o:,ol Years 1941 Cabinets 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE REFERENCE _ i. 5' . ' neutrality. Germany was four times her strength in First World War, she and Italy would rule Europe, England might collapse sooner than expected. MAT- SUOKA asks Germany's attitude to America if England were beaten. Reply; If England were beaten, Ger- many has no interest in war with United States. If England were beaten, Germany-Italy would control Europe, Japan control Far East and United States limit herself tc the American continent. MATSUOKA plans coLamercial treaty with Russia, but Japan is against Russia joining Tri-Partite Pact. Germany agrees to commercial treaties, but would not have Russia in 3-pewer pact. Japanese look with concern at war with the United States as it might last 5-10 years. If Japan conquered Singapore and took the Philippines, she would control the Far East. MATSUOKA favours German Minister's line cf thought end said if Japan did not risk attack on Singapore, she would be relegated to being third-rate power, so that blow would have to be dealt one day. If 3he kept United States quiet for six months, all difficulties would be overcome. 11864 1320 On 28 March Konoye cabled Yoshizawa, stating that he agrees that Ycshizawa's ideas on the settlement are only reasonable ones, but states that if the negotiations fail the impression that Japan is easily dealt with will be given to the enemy, and the latter will thus intensify operation. In view of the changed situation since MATSUOKA's visit to Germrny. end the proposed visit cf the -191- { ' Document No. 0001 PAGE 11864 E X H I B I T WITNESS 1320 8452 862 6522 7939 580 789 Years 1941 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye KEElvEENC-E Foreign and Colonial Ministers, Japan's original demands for acquiring resources should be pushed. Care must be paid to the fact that the negotiations do not fall into the Dutch plan to get rid of the Japanese representatives, since their presence there is imperative. Top secret communication of 29 March referred to printing of "Ha* and "Ni" series currency notes, pursuant to conference of 24 January. Report of conversation between Reich Foreign Minister and MATSUOKA dated 29 March, regarding pending discussion of MATSUOKA with Russians. Germany asks he not go too far. Genoany promises aid to Japan should Russia ever strike. Germany's largest array was on the eastern front and should Russia conflict with Germany, it would be beaten in a matter of months. Japan could always attack Singapore without fear of having Russia at her back, Also regarding such an attack, Japan need have no fear of the British Fleet as it was already tied up in home waters. Japan states no fear of British or American Navy,'as she could smash either, but battle with the United States Navy might drag five years. Germany insists America could do nothing if Japan attacked Singapore. If Japan took the Philippines, - eric., because -f in- -,dec:u jt ; . r. a ;ent uld h -.ve n thing to offset such a loss. MATSUOKA meanwhile was doing everything to assure sngland she had no designs on Singapore. Germany believes Japan's declaration -192- Document No. 0001 PAGE 6522 7939 • EXHIBIT WITNESS 560 789 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye RL-EEIiENCE of war on England should be attack on Singapore. Looki .g to trade after the war, Genaany and Japan would co-operate as between European and Ear East- ern spheres; America would be self-sufficient in her own sphere. Possibility cf three powers trad- ing with South America. Japan would need Gqpyi assistance in development cf China potentials; Japanese business feared German competition more than American or British; German business felt exactly the same way. MxiTSUOKA brings up his discussion with Russia regarding Japan-Russia non-aggression pact. Also, Japan d-sired tc purchase part of Sakhalien for oil resources which Russia took "as a joke." Germany did not care tc go deeply into Japanese-Russian affairs but again pressed the point that Japan could b4*> • assist 3-pewers pact by attack on Singapore. With a resultant joint victory, Japan wculd then have all she desired. MATSUOKA asks if Germany would assist her in attack on Siti^aporej Germany would have to study maps, refer it to Hitler; her aerial advices would always be available to Japan. Japan was assured she wculd alsc get control of the Netherlands East Indies upon the fall cf Singapore. Germany would'do as much as possible to assist Japan in the Ear East, but it must be remembered that she was fighting Britain and the British fleet in the Mediterranean, whereas Japan was only fighting on the durfaca. -19.- Years 1941 Cabinets 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE wsac-ss CTEHb^'.qi; $533 53] Discussion between Goering and MATSUOKA of 29 March - Germany will nake available to Japan all her military tactics, and especially air force improvements made during the war. Germany re- quests promised shipment of rub! ;r, which she says she needs to supplement her synthetic rubber. M..T3U0EA said he had done as much 1 s he could to expedite this matter and did net know the exact t situat on just nov.. 1040 141 Extract from "The Way of a Subject," 31 March - 1047 denunciation of J*nglo-American imperialistic union since World War I, national development and expan- sion of Japan gave rise tc jealousy among European and American nations and they attempted eccncmic pressure on Japan. 11751 1305 A decision by Imperial Headquarters of April states that Japan must establish close military, political and economic relations with French Indc- China and Thailand, and close economic relations with the Netherlands East Inaies. i-ras are only to be resorted to in the ^vent the embargos or anti-Japanese encirclement cf United States, Britain, the Netherlands and China became so tense they cannot be-tolerated. 3452 852 On 1 April the Chief of Cabinet Printing Bureau ordered the manufacture of "Ha" and "Ni" series cf military currency immediately in Dutch and English, tc bo completed in early April. -194- ' Document No. 0001 PAGE 8545 EXHIBIT Liebert 8803 864 9 8 5 0 864 6537 7945 & 5 82 791 Years 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye KEFEPENCE La?; concerning Extraordinary Exception from Application of C0ilVertible Bank Note Law was passed on 1 -kpril, which suspended the provisions which governed the monetary reserve of the Banks of Japan, Chosen and Taiwan and dissolved 'the distinction between specie reserve (gold and silver) and judiciary reserve (commercial paper and government bonds). Those provisions and others had the effect of giving completely artificial value to yen. Excerpt Japan Year Book 1941-1942, giving de- toils of further revised Military Service Law of 1 wapril with main points: (l) enrolment of new conscripts in overseas districts into garrisons nearest to their residences; (2) abrogation of 2nd reserve Service System; (3) prolongation of days of call for the education of supplementary reservists. Extract from KIDO's diary of 3 April refers to the appointment of SUZUKI as President of the Planning B0ard end T0yada as Minister of Commerce, with which KIDO agreed. On 4 April SUZUKI was appointed Minister of State and Chief Director Cabinet Planning Board; H0SHIN0 became a member of the House of Peers. Conversation between Hitler and MATSUOKA of 4 April, in which MATSUOKA Expresses thanks for gifts and friendliness showered on him during his stay in Berlin, and upon his re:turn tc Japan would seek to assure his people that 'they are treated by Germans with "honest friendliness and respect." -195- Document No, 0001 PAGJ E3TIJBIT WITNESS 6537 7945 ^82 j 791 Year? 1941 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye REFERENCE MATSUOKA requests German help in submarine warfare matters. In the event of war with England and the United States they would fight guerilla warfare in the Pacific and also request Germany's aid on this. Hitler promised this, and said Germany likewise considered war with the United States undesirable. Such war would depend on transportation, and Ger- many had extensive plnns for U-Boat and Luftwaffe to prevent American landings in Europe. Germany would strike in the event of war between Japan and America. MATSUOKA again requests Germany's inventive aids as Japan feels Japanese Navy must prepare for immediate conflict with America. He has always believed conflict with America unavoid- able, sooner or later. He personally argued Japan should strike scon and decisively a nd then per- haps avoid war with •"•morica for generations. She would then have firm hold in the South Seas. if she waited, she would hove to fight anyway, and perhaps under less favourable conditions. MAT- SUOKA says America implies by notes she will not fight Japan unless Japan attempts to aid in the destruction of England. Reich Foreign Minister interjected that the United States and England would always help each other against the world. MAT3U0KA requested no cables be sent regarding Singapore matter, but ho would advise by courier of Japan's decision in thie matter. -196- r Himcmt No. 0001 ' "0Ui- Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE HTS&ZJ Reference 6545 583 Conference of R^ich Foreign Minister and MATSUOKA in Berlin of 5 ^pril, where at the foreign Minister assured MATSUOKA Germany is full of vitality and absolutely certain of victory. MATSUOKA replies •what he saw in Germany and Italy far exceeded his expectations; he was convinced Germany and Italy wore united and would always remain so; remarked on high German morale. MATSUOKA questions Reich's intention towards smaller states; reply that they would be independent within the European whole, even maintain small armies and police force; England never again to meddle in the affairs of smaller nations. A basic mistake cf the Versailles Treoty was increasing the number of European statos-, they should have been der-.x-̂ ised. Reich Minister asked MATSUOKA tc bring these pouvto b&̂ vc -to japan 1 (1) Germany had already won the war; (2) there were no conflicting interests between Japan and Germany; Germany-Italy rule Europe; Japan rule the East; (3) Germany would win the war, but Japan's entry into the war would hasten this. On 9 April NAGANO was appointed chief of Naval General Staff. 9852 1059 On 9 April a proposal whs presented to the Department of ̂ tate through the medium of private American and Japanese individuals. This plan out- lined methods to reach a peaceful settlement of the present difficulties between the two countries. On 10 April KB7JRA was appointed Vice War Minister. -197- 1 .Document No. P001 Years 1941 Cabinet s 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS EEFEPENCE 11057 1103 Liaison Conference of 10 April attended by ToJ ' , H23UNIMA, MUTO end OKA. 9369 1062 In a letter from Churchill to MATSUOKA on 12 April, he stated he had certain questions to ask. They wercs will the Germans, without command of the sea or daylight air, be able to invade and conquer Britain in the first nine months of 1941? Will the Germans try tc do so, and would it not be bettor for Japan, until these questions arc answered, to wait? Etc. He then said that the answer to those questions might enable Japan to avoid a serious catastrophe and bring about an improvement in Anglo-Japanese relations. 65.53 45 On 13 April the Japancse-Russicn Neutrality Poet was signed. 6553 5 84 Telegram from Boltze of ̂ orarm Embassy in Tokyo, dated 14 ̂ pril, regarding the signing of the Neutrality Pact between Japan and ^ussia. It would 'acilitate Capon's expansion policy in South Asia and attack on Singapore. 9873 1C64 Grew complained to Konoye on 14 **pril of the aerial bombardment of Kunming, China, and the re- sultant damage to United States property. 9861 I060 On 14 April a memorandum cf Hull stated that N mura might like to explore the question of im- proving United States-Japanese relations. Hull informed Nomura of the document cf 9 April sub- mitted by private individuals and suggested that it could be used as a basis for preliminary negotia- tions, Nomura agreed one. stated his desire to do -198- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 9866 1061 11057 1103 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye REFERENCE anything within his power to preserve peace. In a memorandum of Hull dated l6 April he again referred to the document of 9 April, being a basis for negotiations, and there were many points on which the United States agreed, and some which would require further discussion. Nomura stated he could answer the questions, or submit them to his government for answer. Both agreed that they had not reached the stage of negotiations, but were only exploring in a preliminary and unof- ficial way the action which might pave the way for later negotiations. The four principles as to which the questions were submitted by Hull were: 1. Respect for the territorial integrity and the sovereignty of each and all nations. 2. Support of the principle of non-interference in th:. internal affairs cf other countries. 3 . Support of the principle of equality, including equality cf commercial opportunity. 4. Non-disturbance of the status quo in the Pacific except as the status quo may bo altered by peaceful means, Liaison Conference vas held on 17 April attend- ed by TCJO, HIR-UtMA and MATSUOKA. -199- Document ITo. OfcOl PAGE EXHIBIT W I T H F S 3 9875 1066 9872 1063 8452 852 6630 598 0877 ' 1066 11057 1103 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd IConoyc P E E E R S U C E At. extract from KIDO's diary of 19 April stated that after reporting to the Throne and conversing with Konoye concerning IToaura's instructions, they concludod that evrry effort must be mr.de to keep good faith with Germany and Italy, while realizing new order in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In a telegram from MATSUOKA to Churchill of 22 April, he acknowledged his note of 12 April and stated that Japan's intent wa.s to bring about the Hakko Ichiu, and th-re would be no conquest, oppression or exploitation, and that Britain may rest assured concerning Japanese Foreign policy. Top secret communications of 23 April referring to arrangements for the manufacture of "Ha" and "Hi" series military currency notes. Draft of p. work programme for the economic sub-commis- sion of the Tri-Partite Pact in Berlin dated 28 April concerns cooperation by signatories of Tri-Partite Pe„ct in economic field, war and post-war period. Exchange of economic information between governments, mutual support in procurement of raw materials, etc. KIDO's diary of 28 April relates to a question by the EnpoSor con.ccrning who should be consulted on diplomatic matters when the Premier, Foreign Minister and lord Keeper of the Privy Seal were ill, and asked about the progress on deliberation on Germany's policy towards the United States. XIDO expressed his opinion on these questions and had the Chief Secretary submit them to the throne. On 2 May HOSEDTO became Councillor of Total War Institute. : Liaison Conference' of 3 Jny att'inded by TO JO, HIRANUMA, -.liTO, and OKA. -200- Document Ho. 0001 PAGE 8607 EXHIBIT winass Liebert 986,4 1068 9891 9892 7159 7140 1069 46 658 11057 1103 6999 47 6999 634 Year J 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye B.SF73RE1TOE On 5 May the U. S. State Department revoked all licenses for shipment of scrap rusher to Japan and oocupie China. Ott in a cable to Ribbentrop of 6 May reported a con- versation with MATSUOKA., the general outline of which was the proposal by America, which MATSUOKA thought originated through a report from the United States Ambassador to Russia, whom MATSUOKA had told that Japan would join with the Axis if the United States joined the war. Dealing wit the United States proposal will lead to strained relations in economic circles er.d MATSUOKA wants to make the United States pledge not to participate in the European War. Regarding Russia, MATSUOKA abated thn Ruseo-Japanoso neutrality Pact was an offshoot of Russian fear of Germany and in the rvont of Gernan-Russo conflict, Japan would be forced to attack Russia, .and no neutrality pact could change this. On 6 Kay Grow reported to MATSUOKA that the Consulate of Kunmin-- had brer, seriously damaged in. a raid of 39 April. On 6 May treaties of residence, navigation and customs system were concluded between Japan and French Indo-China, giving Japanese equal rights with nationals of tha.t countr.. Liaison Conference of 8 May attended by MUT0, EIRAiJUMA, OIL., TO JO. On 0 May t>ea.ee agreement between France and Thailand signed. Memorandum from Chief of Staff, Frnnch Indo-China ospeditionary Forco to KIMURA, dated 10 May, concerned incident of assault on Japanese military employee by French Indo-Chinese soldier as one which mir?ht cause -201- PAGE ...... vcJ-l Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye bsfs '"H • SXHIPIT JflTETSS 11057 1103 8805 864 1038 9894 1070 11867 1309—A' 7fc84 807 severing relations of the ti-o countries (rei .nee o outbreak of Chins, Incident in sane way)« Suggest Japan demand right to increase troops and area of its activity, freedom of housing and travel and free use of airfields. Liaison Conference 12 May attended "by KOTO, HIMHUKA, OKA, TOJO. On 10 May the National lefea^e Security Law was enforced to safo.ua.rd the secrecy of high state secrcts regarding diplomatic, financial and economic natters. Or: 12 May Nomura submitted to Hull a draft proposal of an agreement between the two countries. This draft concerned policies to be followed; that the United States should request Chiang Zai Shok to negotiate peace with Japan alonr- the lines of Konoye's plan, "bearing in mind that Japan's expansion in the southwest Pacific is of a peaceful nature; and declare the Philippines independent / with non-discriminatory treatment for Japan. These are some of the main points brought out. On 14 Kay the Jappnnse delegation to the Netherlands ~asb Indies presented a now order, stating in reconsider- ing their Memorandum of 16 January they are presenting a new proposal by which to clarify that the Japanese viewpoint expressed in the preamble was still firmly hold. On 15 May P.ibbentrop cabled the German Ambassador to Tokyo concerning the fact that the present time was the most opportune moment to seize the Siberian Coastal Province and Yladivostock, since Russia's combined strength is strained to the utmost on the European front. Japan must be made a,ware of this fact without directly forcing the iisue. -202- . VC..V :ont Fo. 0001 Year! 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye PAGE $904 EXHIBIT 1071 11057 1103 9908 1072 9910 1073 BEEEBErCE draft surest ion from Hull to JTonrure of 16 May showed that the United States made certain amendments to the draft plan. They wished a change wherewith Japan would declare the purpose of the Axis alliance dofensive, and would only adhere to the military obligations in the event one of the parties hereto were ag-Tessively attacked by a power not involved in the European War, whereas the United States would declare its attitude based on con- siderations of protection, self—defense, and national security. An amendment concerning the termination of the Chin«. War was submitted end a ruarantee of equal opportunity for economic activity in the southwest Pacific. Liaison Conference of 15 May attended by TOJO, HIBAFJMA, MUTO, OKA. C-rew informed MATSUOKA on 17 May that the consulate at Kunming Iiad a£ain been de.ne.red on 13 May. Ott in a cable to Pdbbentrop of 13 May reported on a conversation he had had with MATSUOKA. Ctt told MATSUOKA that Germany wished America to give a clear assurance that she would not participate in the European conflict. MATSUOKA ststcd he would not jilt the Tri-Partite Pact and his motive in the negotiations is to postpone or prevent the entry of the United States into rar and eliminate the incres.se of United States assistance to Enri?.nd. MATSUOKA. stated he would inform Germany of the United States reply and as far as possible consult with German an<? Italy on further negotiations. MATSUOKA ateted there were elements who are uncertain of Russia's actions, to whom he had to yield in the face of alleged United States entry into the War. HIEAEUMA, -203- \ Document Fo. 0001 Year! 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT 9318 1075 9933 1076 11057 1103 11866 1331 Eli'-. " '• 31; he stated, had to resign when the German-Sussian non» a-.-rension pact w b signed. 0SHIMA cabled MATSUOKii on 20 May statin? that he was ceeply troubled concerning the many rumours of negotiations between Japan and the United States and finds it his duty to inform MATSUOKA of the opinion of the German Staff and himself. Ee then ~ave a lone survey of German reactions and decisions on the proposed pact between the United Stains and Japan and stated in conclusion that such a pact night cause bewilderment concerning Japan's true policy. If it had to be, ho su:::;oetod that Japan should make clear her adherence to the principles of the Tri-Partite Pact and demand the United States neutrality in the European War. In order to avoid any misconception regarding Japan's intentions, she should thoroughly convince the Axis about the nomine of the agreement. OSKIMA cabled MATSUOKA or. 21 May and stated that the nev agreement is thought to be an important change in Japan's policy and it is of "reat concern to the plans of the J'P'ncse militar- and naval attaches in Germany.(Attaches received copies) Liaison Conference held 22 May attended by T0J0.MUT0 and OK. On 23 May KaTSUOKA cabled Yoshizawa, SHIC-EKITSU and ronjlra regarding an interview f 1 bh the British Ambassador, Orrigia. MATSUOKA told hi:, that Fe'hierlandr; East Indies •still refused to supply the demanded tin and rubber to Japan, stating former supplies euuld be cut since Japan obtains some from French Indo-China. Holland claims that there is danger of Japan re-exporting these commodities to Germany; but while MATSUOKA insisted that the exports from French Indo-China and Netherlands Bast Indies together -204- Document No. 001 Year: :941 Cabin-1: VX.H Konoye EXHIBIT WITNESS EM2SICE are insufficient for Japan'-3 needs, Japan consic-Ts it humiliating to ?ive assurance to a small cjontry like Netherlands East Indies that she will r.o u re-export. If the negotiations fail, tarn situation r*y incite not oaly anti~I>utch but anti-British and anti-United States sentiment. 6557 585 Secret :n tru«tions of 24 May from Headquarters German . r y tased on report by attache in Tokyo: (1) if Unites? States pad Japan are to fight, question o*? how Japan ..hould open the war; (2) possible «?r bet we- Germany and. USSR caused United States te join trm*; (3) conclusion of Chin." conflict before any other new tasks for Japanese amy. 10752 Eallantine On 38 M-y lull raadu it clear that the pro- posed formula wfth respect to the Axis did not adeqi.ip.tely clarify Japan's peaceful intention toward? the United States should the United States become involved in a • nr with Germany/ 9935 1077 A memorsr un dated 2P May concerning a convert'.- "iien tjtw. 1 afbfcueac'or Nomura, and Hull rel-•-d that Hull had informed Nomura that M/.T-T'oiu. on his roturn to Japan had been declaring Japan's support of Germany in the event of v. -r between Perm-ny and the United States, and "teted t'at, unless Japan clarifies -205- Document Fo. 0001 Year; 194-1 Cabinet: 2nd ICor.oye R X K I 2 I T ~T>!: ,ss 11057 1103 11910 1326IU her obligations under the Tri-Partite Pact if the United States enters the war, there is no assurance of Japan's position. Hull also asked if Japanese troops were to b" retained in China and Nomura replied he thought a permanent forcc would be stationed there, but he did not know how strong. Hull stated this would not add Japanese-United States friend- ship, since their presence mia-ht tend to produce incidents. A Liaison Conference WE.S hold on 29 May attended by TO JO, EIRA1UMA, MUTO and OKA.. On 30 May, Chue.n." at British Panang wrote to Rayashi, President of the Japan South- Seas Association, Batavia, report in-.- on his activities to stir up trouble by spreading rumours and commit tin/: sabotage. The:/ have decided to corrupt soldiers and organize 5th column activities in readiness for when the fighting bar-ins. -206- Jocument 1̂ 0. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE An informal oral statement by Hull to Nomura on 31 May stated that the U, 3. will at some proper time prior to any definite decision talk over in strict confidence with China the general subject matter of the discussions, especially as it relates to China. * 9938 1078 On 31 ̂ ay another American draft of the 1079 proposal to adjust relations was handed to Ambassador Nomura, bringing out the same points mentioned in previous drafts and stating in regard to China that the U. S. will, on the basis of the Konoye principles, suggest to China she enter into negotiations with Japan* A statement was also handed to Nomura ut the same time as the draft, saying that they were giving an unofficial exploratory and without commitment oral explanation to the amendments proposed. 9961 1081 Hull in a memorandum of 2 June stated that he had asked Nomura if he seriously believed Japan was seeking a peaceful settlement with the U. 3. on Pacific matters, or whether the ne- gotiations .were merely a method of finding a wayto , •r / i ;gct out of China, Nomura stated that Japan was honest in her intent and that an earnest and fair settlement was desired. 9963 1082 Grew complained to L U T S U O K a on 4 June that on the 1st of June the Episcopal mission at Chungking had been seriously damaged for the fifth time. -207- - - ib Afp» auui Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE VJITNES5 RVFE/rjrC^ - ?' A memorandum of Hull dated 4 June referred (.-• c conversation between Hull, Nomura and others regarding the pact negotiations. It was stated that Japan was prepared to drop the suggestion that the U. S. state that it would not resort to any aggression aimed to assist one nation against another, if the U. S. would drop the statement in its draft requiring Japan to state that the provisions of the Tri-P^rtite Pact do not apply to involvement through acts of defense, .amendments regarding cooperative defense of China against injurious communistic activities were suggested by the Japanese, as well as the acceptance by tne U, 8. of Japan's declaration as to their peaceful aims in the southwest Pacific. 9982 1085 In an informal statement of 6 June from Hull to Nomura he stated that Japan, by her many revisions to the original text of the proposed pact, seems to have strayed from the fundamental points which the U. 3. considers involved in establishing peace in the Pacific. Japan has stressed alignment with the .axis to avoid giving a dear indication cf its intentions to make peace with China on a lasting basis„ 10753 Ballantine On 6 June Hull told Nomura that ho had the impression from the various revisions to the proposal a nd from recent manifestations that Japan was disposed to stress her alignment with the Axis. -208- Juouhsnt No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoys PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS i , n i o.. v L L i. X. . A 11057 1103 9979 1084 11875 1322 xlO In a memorandum of 6 June the Netherlands d Japan's memoranda of the 4th and 22 May. While stating that Japan had modified £ome of her demands she still adhered to the preamble of the 16 January memorandum, which advocated a special position for J^pan in Netherlands last Indies since it was not adequately developed. The Netherlands reiterated her policy in Netherlands East Indies as stated on 3 February 1940 and stated that during war economic activities in the Netherlands 3ust Indies would inevitably be affected since the defence of N.E.I, adst be safeguarded and the Dutch war effort promoted. Liaison Conference 6 June attended by EIR.Ĵ a:,̂ , TO JO, 1.IUT0 end OKA. A11 extr. ct from KIDO's diary ol 6 June referred to OSHIMA's report from Hitler ti**.t Germany would attack Russia _nd Hitler h-.d inti rated a desire for Japan's participation. Konoye called a Liaison Conference that lorning to consider this. KED0 reported this to the Throne. MATSUOKA told KID0 that he did n-at think an outbreak of War very likely in spite of OSHIAiU' s message, -nd the /far minister endorsed this. On 7 June Yoshizawa cabled .;:/ATSU0KA stating th-.t although the Netherlands reply of 6 June had some points in favor of Japanese demands, -209- Document No. 0001 Ye«r: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye iiXEIBIT P....GS WITH.,03 R^IM.HCL tiie prospects for obtaining the full demands on immigration, important commodities, etc., were not bright, In view of ..LJrsU0K.i.'s protests to the British and Dutch it is im- possible to ^ccept the Dutch reply but it appears that the Dutcn vri.ll not accept Japanese demands since their attitude is firm. Failure of the negotiations would result in the loss of lany vital supplies, such as petroleum, and only strengthen the bond with the United States „nd Jngland and the situation would be grave. The probability that the Japanese delegation may be sicca to leave must be considered and Yoshizawa asked for instructions immediately. On 9 June DOIILJLv, General, was appointed Chief of the Air Inspectorate General, remain- ing Supreme 'mar Councillor. 6560 586 On 10 June in a telegram from T/voermann to the Reich For^i^n xlinister, it is shown how execution of Japanese plans of aggressive action in southern areas haa progressed by this date, The Japanese mrmy desired bases in south Indo-China for the purpose of strategic position with Singapore. 11880 1309-A The Netherlands delegation met the Japanese delegation on 10 June at the letter's' request. Technical matters .,-ere discussed w.nd it ;/uS clear that Japan wis nod to wind up the business. -210- Doc a iei.it Wo. EXHIP" M E 9981 1086 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye :T ;rn 11057 1103 11879 1323 9983 1087 11057 1103 REIT j ili 'XTOS On 11 June in a Lulegram fro.il Ott to Ribbentrop he st-ted that General tJMEZU welcomed the Japan-Ruoso neutrality Pact the . ioment, but ./hen German-Russo relations cnaiiged Japan's attitude uust do so, too, oince the 'Tri-Partite Pact is basis for Japan's foreign policy, Liaison Conference of 11, 12 June attended by TO JO , HIR hTOM..., ITUT0, OKk. On 14 June *L.TSTJ0Ka cabled YoshiZaWu • stating th-t Jap_n ii~d decided to break off the conference and witiidraw the delegation. On 15 June u draft of a proposal Was received from i.\io.aura, wherein it w<-& proposed that the United States _nd Japan jointly conclude a declaration for resuming traditional relations, it being the desire of both govern- ments that the deterioration of relations between them be corrected, and that by such cooperation establishment and preservation of peace in the Pacific could be realized. Both agree on isolation from European War, except where it affects their own national defense, and a resumption of trade negotiations of all co.i.ioditias except those needed for their own security aiid defense. Liaison Conference of 16 and 17 June 1 attended by TO JO, HntotflM;., MUTG and OK.,. J..pan declared its willingness to enter into treaty with the U. 5. ,,f. till--, for neutral- ising Philippine Islands "'".en they become independent. -211- Jocument 1^0. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye LXSI3IT P.vGE MTXaSo 7155 660 9996 1088 11880 1309-A HliFijxiANCE On 16 Jane, a ideating of Investigation Committee of the Privy Council was held con- cerning Treaty between Japan and France for residence ~nd navigation relating to French Indo-China, -nd the Treaty between France and Japan concerning the Tariff System and trade and method of its settlement between Japan and lido-China, was presented for ratification. The non-official proclamation of the protocol w,.s explained by the fact that it Was to be enforced gradually ...nd Japanese influence to bo extended by degrees, On the 16th of" June, Grew in a telegram to Hull stated that at -n appointment -with iiJISUOK^, he had delivered a note in regard to the recent bombing of Chungking, which had resulted in heavy damage to the U. 8. limbassy and jeopardized lives of the U, s. .»mbassador -nd others, pointing out the gruvo danger to U.S.-Japanese relations in consequence of such action. On 17 June Yoshizawa visited the Governor General of iSfetherlands 15-st Indies end both concurred that an agreement could not be reached. The negotiations, while not n.-ving been unproductive, would h-ve to ba discon- tinued. Yoshizawa presentee, a joint co.imunique which was agreed upon and stated both nations' regret at the failure in the negotiations, but the discontinuation would -212- Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye XriI3IT WITNESS K'.F. RLNO-i not lead to a change in normal Netherlands Last Indies-Japan relations, 9998 ' 1089 On 18 June, KIDO stated in his diary that at a visit with xvonoye and .L-.TSUOKri., the latter had told him that instructions nad been sent to Germany to negotiate v/ith Vichy in connection ..ith the French Indo-Cnina problem. on 19 June SUZUKI was appointed member of the Thought Control Committee. 9998 1090 On 20 June, KIDO in nis diary stated that Konoye informed him in viev<r of strained international relations and outbreak of war between Germany and the USSR, it was difficult to understand UTSUOKk's opinion. When xionoye referred to Cabinet responsibility, KIDO promised they /vould discuss matter with HIR.-hWI'.L-i, home Minister, at earliest opportunity. 8607 Liebert On 20 June, an executive order was issued banning all petroleum exports except to Great 3 itain and South America (by the US). 7910 781 On 20 June, KIDO relates a discussion between Konoye, HIRANUiL* and himself in which Konoye said that if war broive out between Germany and the USSR his Cabinet would have to take the responsibility and resign, as the HIRANUIL* Cabinet had done in 1939 .vhen Germany made a pact -,'j fi the USSR while the Tri-Partite Pact w-. a a,idei negotiation, .KIDO opposed this, say;ug c h t ie circumstances jere different. Document No. 0001 Y ar: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye PmGI EXHIBIT .'ITNHSS 7008 635 10001 1091 10009 1092 R^FNRENCE Telegram from .»mb^ssador in Tokvo to German Foreign minister, 21 June concerning conversa- tion 'with LLiTSUOxC. and plans for air buses in French Indo-China in preparation I or attack on Netherlands j^st Indies. On 21 June, in a statement to Nomura, Hull said although he had no reason to doubt that many Japanese leaders shared Nomura's views, accumulating evidence showed some influential official Japanese leaders support Nazi Germany and its policies, envisaging Japan's fighting with Hitler in tne event of U.S. becoming involved in the European Viiar. The U.S., in view of Japan's -wish to provide in its settle- ment ,/itn China the stationing of troops in parts of Inner -longolia and North China to cooper-ate in resisting communism, while not desiring to enter into the merits, did not feel that the policies to which the U. 8. is committed would permit it to associate itself with a course inconsistent with these policies and must await a clearer indication from Japan to pursue a course of peace. No-aura was then handed a revision dated 21 June to the document handed to him on 31 On 21 June the draft proposal of a settle- ment between the U. 3. and Japan was handed by Hull to Nomura. This draft was substantially the same as the one of 31 .-̂ y with certain amendments - one being that with regard to the European war there be an exchange of letters -214- Document No. 0001 Year: 194-1 Cabinet; 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PhGE WITNESS in place of the annex and supplement. Also that question of economic cooperation between China and Japan could be more advantageously settled when all points in that respect had been worked out end that the entire Pacific area be substituted for the western urea. 10021 1093 On 22 June, KJD0 stated in his diary that he was informed of the outbreak of war between Russia and Germany and he spoke to the Emperor'presenting his opinion based on talks with Konoye and EIR^TUMh and there had been difference of opinion between Konoye and .IhTSUOKA regarding Japanese foreign policy in case of war between Germany and Russia. It was desirable that the Emperor ascertain whether ivL.TSUOKu had consulted the Premier and •upon try to prevail,him to follow Konoye's opinion. KID0 again saw the Emperor after K.JTSU0KK had had audience when the Emperor was doubtful whether government and Supreme Command would agree that LL.TSUOKK1 s policy for Japan's advance to north and south would ever be appropriate, 3\LJI3UOiw explained to Konoye that hie report to the Emperor was his prospect for the future. 6561 Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June. 7958 795 Telegram from Ott to 3erlin, 22 June, it was shown that on first day of German attack on the USSR, MATSUOKA refused hostile attitude to USSR, JLJTSU0K.X received telegram from OSKLC, stating rmuours Russia had withdrawn her forces frcm the Far East; m^TSUOK^ explained he would immediately propose counter-measures. Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye P-GE EXHIBIT V:ITFr-iS 10024 1094 11057 1103 956 793 10026 1095 REFER-NCE On 23 June KID0 in iiis di_ry stated that et en audience with the Emperor he had expressed his opinion on the Foreign minister' report. He also discussed with Konoye end SUZUKI oI the Planning Board the changed situation caused by the German-Russo War and agreed in principle with SUZUKI'S opinion on the unifying end reinforcing of the Imperial General Headquarters. Liaison Conference held on 23 June attended by IilR^OTL., TO JO, .IUTO end OIL.. Extract from Diary of Smetanin, USSR embassador to J-pan on 25 June, states that :L.TSU0K-> was asked if war occurred between Germany end Russia would Japan remain neutral and he replied Japan's foreign policy is based on the Tri-Partite Pact and supersedes the neutrality pact with Russia. On 25 June KIDO stated in his diary that Konoye had discussed privately with Wang Ciiing Wei his opinion with regard to the question of general peace. U.S. assistance "would be needed to win over certain Chinese and carry out political demarche to Chiang, but in order to leet the situation and avoid pro-amierican politicians again gaining influence, they would have to properly post people in the government. The adjustment of relations between Chiang and Wang would be placed in Toyama's hands. Although senior officers in - 2 1 6 - Docu_icnt No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd ivonoyc L J 1 H I 3 I T r .G: VIT^L, .3 IA.F...R. ATCL tiie Japanese ĵ r.dy Hq in Chine understood Chinese policies, contacts between superiors mid inferiors were bad end corrupt practices of ^r ly were rife. KIDO saw the Lmperor and Konoye and Chiefs of the ^rmy and Navy General Staffs reported to the Lmperor on decision of Liaison Conference as to entry of Japanese troops into French Indo-Cnina. 11753 1306 Liaison Conference attended by T0J0, LXR^ARLL-, .IUT0 and 0Kn on 25 June decided to accelerate ell preparatory measures in Thailand and Frencn Indo-China, such as stationing of troops in the southern part, acquisition of air and navel buses. Diplomatic relations will be opened to accomplish this; failing that, Japan will obtain her object by arms. 11057 1103 Liaison conferences were held on 26, 27 and 2 8 June attended by T0J0, Z I T L - N T I Ma, I.KJT0 and OXa.. 10029 1096 On 28.June telegram from Ribbentrop to Ger. ian Lmbassy at Tokyo stating that Ribbentrop had agreed with 03ED1*. that he should influence his government towards speedy military action against Soviet Russia, and requesting German Lmbassy at Tokyo to use their influence to the same end. Ribbentrop outlined arguments to be used. 10034 1097 On 28 June Ott cabled Ribbentrop stating that so far no clear cut decision had been reached by the Cabinet regarding Japan's Jocument 1^0. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye P...GL L2HIBIT «iTic:ci5 6561 5B7 10037 1093 11057 1103 7962 797 ji* jj-'.u eij attitude to tiie German-Russo ".far. Preparations for an attack m i l take at least 6 weeks unless USSR weakens. Ott asks for instructions regarding activity m the south in view of the fact that southern expansion may be limited to FIC _nd thus hinder Japanfs activity in the North; he also stated that 0 S H L , L . had advised Japan to attack Russia soon. Ribbentrop cabled ott on 28 June stating he agreed with O S E I M a that Japan should attack Russia soon. He should use as arguments to furtner this tno fact that the annihilation of x̂ ussia would make Germany's victory over England possible, would solve the China problem, would protect Japan's rear in order to expand southwards, and be the best way of convincing the United States of the futility of entering the war. In his aiary of 28 June KID0 stated that T0J0 had explained the Zwantung .>rmy should be calm and prudent in dealing with the German-Russo Har. They also discussed the China lar, political moves in China and the strengthening of the I.G.H, Liaison Conference held on 30 June attended by HIRnNUM.-, T0J0, liUTO and OKA On 1 July in a telegram from KacKensen, German ^obassador in Rome, sent to Berlin, he relates a conversation mth the Japanese / embassador who said that Japan's intention was to advance actively against Russia but -218- Document Wo. 0001 Year: 1941 Geb'inet: 2nd Konoye E j H I ' O T P..GE T.TTNES3 O j O K that such a policy would necessitate the resignation of Iv.mTSUOK.i since the latter had recently concluded a pact of non-aggression with Soviet Russia. Japan's politics should ai.i at preventing .Clerica from entering the war. 10145 H O S On 2 July KID0 stated in his diary that that morning the national policy regarding the * Russo-German war hod been decided at an Imperial Conference. Konoye complained to KID0 he found it difficult to understand m.JT3U0KKTs true intent. KID0 also had a conference with the Emperor and arranged to establish headquarters within the Imperial Court. 6566 588 .it the I iperial Conference of 2 July 1107 779 attended by T0J0, SUZUKI, HULJTOih, and OK.., relating to the Greater East ...sia Co-Prosperity Sphere, the disposition of tus China Incident, and dealing with the Northern problems according to the situation; Japan rill remove all obstacles in attaining this policy. Japan will pursue her schemes egainst FIC and Thailand, continue negotiations with relevant nations in the soutn and take measures, while not taking up arms against the Soviet, Japan will secretly arm - and if that war progresses favorably, Japan will take arms to solve the problem. Japan must prevent U.S. intervention in the war, and if this -219- Document No. 0001 Yo,r: 1941 G c b i xi e t: 2n d jiu no ye EXHIBIT j? JGT. "..-ITM: "J r^F^NCE fails she will follow the Tri-r&rtitd iact, deciding independently the time -_<nd method. Japan will continue pressure through southern regions to hasten surrender of Chiang's xegime uiid prep^rs for war with Britain and the United States. 7008 636 Telegra:x 1 rem German ^.abaSSador in Tokyo to German Foreign Minister doted 3 July concerning Japanese plans to secure "points" in French lido-China to strengthen her pressure on Britain and .mierica; that Japan has and will continue vigilance over the southwest Pacific against these two powers. 7009 637 Report of proceedings of Privy Council leeting of 3 July on ratification of Franco- Japanese Protocol. Outlines terms of protocol: - maintenance of friendly rmictions between two countries; respect eac other's integrity; » no regional restrictions on plans with Third Powers; maintain the peace of East ̂ .sia, etc. ..IJTSUOiL- explains Germany's treaty of non-aggression with Russia was . or expediency only. -JL.TSUOKE. mentions political superiority over France, since its defeat in war in Europe and giving of 80°/o 'demands made by Japan. 7961 796 On 3 July, Ott Cabled the German Foreign .minister stating that immediately upon receipt of his tela^ra 1 of the* 2nd, he had called on M.ED3U0XE personally _nd brought his attention to the Cabinet resolution, wnich will certainly not bo underst^ od by the people . . l.TSUOKL. said - 2 2 0 - 1 - ^J Document No, 0001 LXHIBIT PAGES WITNESS .: ,?. ',3. ,N0L t the eon for the formulation of the a >c.:,c statement to the Soviet _ ambassador i'jS the necessity to deceive the Russians or at least to keep them in a state of uncertainty, owing tc tno armaments still being incomplete, -.t present Smotaiiin (USSR .nibassador) wus not- aware of speedy preparations being made against the USSR as is hinted at in tne government resolution. 3 July stated that when he had drawn OSKIMa's attention to a periodical describing Japan's attitude as irridsscent; OS.1111- stated that ho had received reports iron Tokyo indicating that Japan wanted to continue fi tting the co. i runists with Germany, strangtn.su her iilit-ry preparation, . no brmig p^et sure to bear on British and U.S. possessions in the' southwest Pacific to tie the : down. Japan's foreign policy Was stili based o.i the Tri- partite PaCt, Bangkok concerned the preparation ..nd Carrying out of certain military operations in tx*e Netherlands'Last Indies m d French Indo-China by Japanese forces. Failure of economic negoti tions with the Netherlands Lost Indies would necessitate use of force to take over oil resources, military occup. tio-.. of Fre.aCa Indo-China envisaged in order to provide a stopping-off point for Netherlands L st Indiec attack. Occupation of Thailand not envisaged. 10154 1111 Weizsacker in a re .ort to Ribbentrop on 7031 639-: Telegram dated 4 July fro i T-iomas . t -221- Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye 3XHIBIT PAGE WITNESS RiiFJaaiCE 7030 638 Telegram of 4 July from the German Ambassador in Tokyo con- cerned personal impression received by military attache in con- versation with Japanese General Staff. Impressions are that Japanese Army is secretly .and zealously preparing. The occupa- tion of Saigon is imminent, which is preliminary condition for further southward move which is not yet discernible. 7955 792 Telegram from Ribbentrop to German Ambassador in Tokyo of 5 July concerning his talk with MATSUOKA on 28 March on the subject of Japanese-Russo Neutrality Pact, MATSUOKA is quoted as saying in evjnt of German-Russian war, nothing, neither Japanese ministers'rpr a Neutrality Fact, could keep Japan neutral* 8087 833 Affidavit of Matsumnura states that on the return of Lt.- Matsummura General Amakusu, General Okanuwa and Colonel Kaburagi from Peiping on 5 July, they called all the commanders of forces together. Amakusu had apparently received directives at the meeting concerning preparations for war against the USSR. 10156 1112 KIDO's diary of 5 July stated that the negotiations regard- ing entry of Japanese troops into Southern French Indo-China has been postponed for five days in view of the fact that the information had leaked out, and the British'had lodged a protest with the Vice Foreign Minister, considering this a serious problem, 7965 798 Memo of Kramerets, Foreign Ministry official, composed in Berlin, dated 6 July, states that Colonel Yamamoto called on Gorman Counter-intelligence Section, and advised Japan was ready to carry out sabotage attacks against the USSR in the Far East, especially from Mongolia and Manchukuo against area adjoining Lake Baikal. -222- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE li'flTNiiSS 10157 1113 10040 1099 10041 1100 7033 639-B 8476 Liebert Year: 1941 Cabinet ' 2nd Konoye itEFECTCB On 7 July IlAGLJCI, General, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Korean Amy. On 7 July Ott cabled itibbentrop stating that SHIKATOIiI had said that on his recovery he would advocate an active course for Japan and that he regarded Japan's entry into the war against Hussia as the most important goal. • Grew again protested to IJATSU0KA on 8 July concerning an air raid on Chungking on 29 June. On 8 July Grew complained to MATSUOKA regarding the seizure of certain cargo at Hanoi and Haiphong by the Jap- anese, that it was impossible to check it because the owners wore not permitted to inspect the warehouses. However, a substantial amount cf American cargo had been ta,ken away. A telegram from Gen an Ambassador in Tokyo on 10 July concerned the imminence of a Japanese move against French Indo-China. Utterances by luToUOKA demonstrate that Japanese Kill first ask German Government to obtain Vichy consent to move. Excuse tjO be used will be proposition of joint defense of French Indo-China by Japanese and French. Anglo-Saxon countries are not expected to interfere and no serious French resistance is .anticipated. A law forming the Karafuto Development Company was passed on 10 July with the purpose of developing and controlling mining, forestry and agriculture of that territory. -223- Document No: 0001 Year: 194-1 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS INFERENCE 7901 771 Telegram from Ribbentrop to the German Am- bassador in Tokyo dated 10 July showed how partici- pants of pact considered that with the collapse of Russia the Tri-Partite Pact powers would be so strong that the annihilation of the British Isles would only be a matter of time, and the United States would be left to face the world alone, cut off from the rest of the world. 7966 799 On 12 July in a telegram from Ott, German Am- bassador in Japan, to Berlin he enumerated the Japanese preparations for war believed to have been taken. 7037 640 Telegram" to'Ambassador Kato of 12 July concerned the Government's decision to occupy military bases in French Indo-China and dispatch Japanese forces to Southern French Indo-China. Kato was requested to open negotiations at once with the French on the point and request an answer of Yes or No. In the event of "Yes" a peaceful advance will be effected, and if "No" a military occupation. Keep these plans secret from the British and Americans otherwise difficulties may arise. 8813 867 On 13 July Ambassador Ott cabled Ribbentrop stating that there were perceptible symptoms that Japan was taking mobilization measures. By in- fluencing MATSUOKA and the military elements, « the Military Attache is endeavoring to inveigle Japan into war with Russia. Preparations reveal Japan's participation will soon take place, the only obstacle being the disunity of the activist groups. - 224 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Konoye EXHIBIT P :J5-E WITNESS EmMLNCE " 1 • — — — — • 7043 641 Intercepted message from Odnton to Tokyo of 14 July concerned peaceful occupation of French Indo-China if possible; if resistance is offered it will be crushed by rorce. Navy will play main part in Singapore occupation. With air arm and submarine fleet crushing of ..nglo-U.S. po.ver -fill be effected. Military Headquarters for -Japanese forces will be at oaigon, 7061 647-* On 14 July a memo -/as sent by the Japanese to France demanding bases, etc., and requesting answer by 22 July 1941. 7957 794 Ott on 15 July cabled Berlin stating that » the Russian ^.nba&sador called on ..L.TSUOXH to ask if Japanese would apply the Neutrality Pact in view of the (present) G-erman-RuoSO war. lies much taken aback by i.I-T3U0IL.1 s refusal based on the fact that Japan had concluded this pact when Ger aan-Russo relations were essentially different. 8079 Takabo Takabo, stated that he had heard of the existence of the Kwantung -rmy Special Maneuver (Kan Toku En) fro a Korokawa and UME3U, Com lander-in-Oxxief of the Kwantung ^rmy in July. He knew that Kan Tohu En was the Kwantung ~rmy reinforcement plan and UMEZTJ had told him .bout the increase of troops of Kwantung .,*rmy and demanded food for these troops. -225- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT 10159 H H 10162 1 1 1 5 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 2nd Koncye R E F E R E N C E Ott cabled Berlin on 15 Jul;.' stating that the Vice Foreign minister had os^ed him to send on a request to influence Vicxiy m the matter of French Indo-China, he stated that negotiations were going on to obtain naval bases in Southern French Indo-0-.mna and Saigon and several air b-ses. Japan iiaS no territorial intentions ixi Frencn Indo-Cnina cut '••111 suffer no interference from England and the United states witn regard to her desires, and if France asks German nelp against these requests, Japan would li^e Germany to influence Vichy towards a peaceful settlement. In nis diary of 15 July, K I D O stated that while a L . T S U O K K wanted to reject hull's oral statement as disgraceful to Japan, and then send the compromise formula; he (KIDO) wanted the formula to bo wired simultaneously, lost tae Jnited States taice it as Japan's intention to discontinue negotiations. KIDO sent Saito to -UTSUOKh to try to persuade him, and when no answer had bean received by the morning of the 15th, it became clear after o visit to I 1 . T S U 0 K . by Terazaki, that &.JS3BQK-. had aent instructions to Nomura by himself and not through the competent director. KIDO .ranted - ' I . T S U O K H to resign, and if he refused the whole Cabinet to resign. ~"io re:01 tad this plan to the Emperor, but - 2 2 6 - \ Konoye thought that if IL.TSUOK.. resigned no would use it to make propaganda th-t his resignation hud been compelled by pressure of the United states on J-pan. On the 16 July the 2nd Konoye Cabinet resigned. telephone conversation with ̂ atsudairu in which the latter informed hi i that the resignation of the a..binet "en bloc" had baen decided upon at a special Cabinet meeting. Th- Lord Cnambarlain h-d been ordered to invite the President of the Privy Council and the Ex-Premier to meet and the Lord Keeper of the Privy Coal /ould consult them as to a suitable person to select as Premier of the next Oabinet, a conference of ex-premiers ufld the President of the Privy Council (including :1IPlOT.J was held. KIDO was advised whom to recommend to the Emperor as the new Premier. Konoye was the choice and that evening ne received the Imperial Command. On la July the T .ird Konoye Cabinet was formed; L.TSUOK. was replaced by Toyodu, ZI imT01»i.. reverted to minister of State and the other Defendants retained their former offices. 10165 1116 On 16 July KIDO in his diary related a 10166 1117 on 17 ouly, KIDO atatad in -..is diary that -227- Jocurrnt No. 0001 'AGE 705? EXHIBIT VITIvFoS 645 7046 64: 10170 Ills 7051 644 Year: 1941 Cabinets Konoye IQSFFRFITCS T--Ingram from Bangkok dated 18 July deeding w'th. p defensive front Ving -rect-d aimed ?t suoorossion of De Gaulle *--, Vr^.Crt' through the occupation of French Indo-Chena. T'le^ror signed Rintelon to G-rman Foreign Minister of 19 July concerned negotiations with French Govern- ment for naval and air "bases in French Indo-China. This plan is the first move in southern push and Japanese Government believes Germany end Italy v m uphold Japanes: demands since in pursuing this end Japan v 1. create diversion for Anglo-United States forces end render valuable assistance to Germany, therefore any entreaty to Germany by France for intervention would be useless. Jar)an wishes billeting, foreign excharsa facilities, etc., to be provided for h r forces. In a telegram from Ott to Berlin on 20 July, it wes st-ted thrt the policy of n-w government, as rev3al5d by the new Foreign Minister, was to be the same as previously, based on the Tri-Partite Pact. The ne'- Foreign Minister will continue MATSUOKA's foreign policy and strengthen the close unity with G~rmany pnd Italy. T-Ingram from German Ambassador to Tokyo of 30 July which deals with inquiry by Ambassador whether cho.nge in gove-rnr~nt might alter Jr-oanese policy towards French Indo-China. Japanese denied this. Regarding Vichy answer to Japanese demands on French Indo-China, in event of refusal, Japan will resort to force. -228- I current ilo. 0001 EXHIBIT PaGE WITFE5S 10064 110? 7054 546 7057 643 10175 1120 leer: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye BE" 5FE5C5 On 21 July, it was decided that the Premi r *>nd tl. Foreign and other Ministers should ra-et with the High Commend occasional!- and exchange v- ews and national nolicies '-T-'th the ITavy ana War Ministers and staffs of the High Command. This meant no more press announcements of Liaison or Inoerial Confer- ences, as had previously been made. On 21 July a. telegram was s;nt from Paris quoting Jaopnes o demands n 14 July on French Indo-China and Japanese regard for French integrity. Further stated that Prance, although fore d by viol nee to give in t' Japan, thought England and U. S. would interpret this as hostile action and asked Jê ar- te consent tc temporary "nd limited occupation for duration of on rations only. On 22 July SEIHATOPI resigned from the Foreign Ministry o"-\ng to ill health. Telegram from C-man Ambassador in Tokyo on 22 July states that the Foreign Minister states that unconditional acceotanc -• of main Japanese demands was imminent. Estimated occupation "ould take I s veral "e^ks. On 23 July Nomura cabled Toyada stating that the situation ,,re.s no" nearing a. diplomatic break. The change in U.S. opinion is due t" the southward moves by Japsn, which is considered as a step towards Netherlands East Indies and Singapore. He suggested J'-oan dispel United States doubts by informing Grew of Japan's real intentions in occupying French Indo-China. -229- Document No. 000.: PAGE EXHIBIT •̂riTFsss 1^048 1102 10176 1131 8071 830 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye On 24 July, the U. S. Department of St*te issued a. -r-ress release stating that although Jaoan had pxoressr-d a desire that no disturbance should spread to the Ppcific rnd the U. S. had mede it cl'-rr that she concurred, Ja.pan was establishing bas«s in French Indo-China and making changes there under duress*. This seems to -point to the fa.ct that Japan is obtaining bases in French Indo-China for further and more obvious movements of conquest into adjacent areas. Ott informed Berlin on 24 July that an agreement had be?-n reached bet^r n Vichy and Japan regarding the occupation of baees in French Indo-China on 20 July 1941. ©tt sent t*l'*gre;n to Reiih Minister for Forign Affairs concurrently to High Command, (OK!'') rnd Army Genrrrl Staff (CXH) on 20 July. This telegram concerns its--If with multiple Japanese mobilization •preparations, quot-in?; number of men under arms pnd due f r call up, draft ins: of Russian speaking men and technicians, limitation of use of foreign languages in communication, restrictions on travel, and transportation of trooos to Seishun, Bashin, and Shanghai. Impression from conversations is thet » besides Maiichurie and Korea., o^rts ef North China, are to be usrd for action against the USSR. Goal not clear, but it does not appear it will be an attack limited to Vladivostok area, but will start simultaneously in direction of Lab.- Baikal. Time of start unknown, but -oossibly an the arrival of German troops ft the Vclea. -230- : e'jr.-nt Hoi 0001 PAGE "XHIEIT m~msr- 10763 Ballantin3 11883 1334 7069 649 7074 650 707S 651 10130 1132 Ye- r: 1941 Cabinet: ^rd Xonoy- ?5FERF~CE Japanese assets in the TJ. S. «"re frozen .n 25 July. On 26 July Japonoso aecdts in t;ho British Empire ;\mra frozen, On 38 July the U-therlrnds announced the sus- pension ,f tho Jp-opn-N'-thrrlrnds Piru?ncicl Agra-ment m d the freezing of Japanese assets in the wh-..le Netherlands East Indies. On 38 July, Privy Council :v*etin • VPS held. Amongst t h o s e nres-nt v r r 'TOJO, VUTO, OKA, and SUZUKI. Discussion regarding protocol lj.-twfn Franc--' m d J--ppn concrnin? military co.n-reti n "p.s c o n d u c t e d . Clarification t mr.de t h P t occupation ,ras in rgreer--nt *»itfc France and not ®xecut>ad "by force, so ' s to evoid misunderstanding "by foreign nowrs, esoecially U. S, A. Currency at disposal jf forces as provided bv French Indo- China vQ-ald b e adequate. 2nd Privy Council tin1?: concerning exchange of off "lei-1 documents on military cooo^ration pnd the necessity of close Jap-France relations in Pilitary field. Agreement "ith France unanimously pnnrov d. Frat col b-etV-an France pnd Japan 0 ?• 9 Jul1 ccncr-raiti'- joint dofen.se f French Indo-China. »nd tw letters fr ;m V* chy. Jananes demands f.r air pnd naval basf s granted, quartering of troops end freedom cf movem-nt to be rrrragd pnd recognized. An official statem-nt of the Bur-au ,f Information on 29th Jul" r^rrrt^d that Protocol betve-n Japan and France had been ratified, thr s i g n i n g had be n done -=n 29 July pt Vichy—it '"ill be effective immediately. Document Ho. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 79R7 80« 10184 V 35 10192 1127-A 8930 870-A Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye ESFEEMCE In a telegram dated 31 Jul-"- from Tokyo to Wash- ington it '-'as indicated that Jppen wp.s pleased VTith the vpy the P.us so-German var **as goino, since it ••"PT? her add'd tin- f r preparations. In his diary on -31 July, KIDO stated that NAGANO had concurred vith former Chief -f General Staff Fushirai that Japan should try to avert war as much as possible. NAGANO is opposed to the Tri-Partite Pact, since it makes the adjustment f US-Japanese rel-tions impose.ihle. If these relations cannot he adjusted, Japan "il1 he cut off fron her c.il and would have only sufficient supplies ^f oil to last for 1-? years; in the event of T-rar with the U. S., NAGANO told the- Enroeror a sweeping victory is doubtful. KIDO disagreed with NAGANO and stated that if the Tri-Partite Pact was annulled th-; United States w.-ild net hr^e ~ny m>re faith in Japan than before. NAGANO stated in interrogation, that the fl-et had started training for Pearl Harbor in the Summer of 1941—possibly July. The r e c o r d of Table Top Maneuvers held by the Total War Research Institute in the first half of A u g u s t 1941, showed that u n d e r the maneuvers the g e n : r a l policy of Japan concerning t h i r d pow- r problems vas that Japan did not sire tc the United States proposal r c l e a r expression cf h e r position nor ex~ ct a peaceful settlement but would adopt a delaying policy by diplomatic negotiations, w h i l e com:, let in" her preparations for war. -232- Document Nc. 0001 leer: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd . EXHI3IT PAGE WITNESS ' RTEPENCE 89*8 871 Records of the Progress of Theoretical Maneuvers for Total War No. 1, bein? the results of the third period, August 1941-the ninth period October 1943, shov-d that during the third p-riod (Aug 1941) .Tapan through tha Cabinet- decided to take measures to delay U. S. conciliatory proposals to Jap .-a and to inform Soviet that as long as she observes the Neutrality Pact, Japan will not attack her. The strengthening .f relations '-rith French Indo-China and Thailand **as dec dad as wall as --ha acceleration cf imports from U. S., Great Britain and the Nether- lands last Indies, and preventing further deteriora- tion regarding the latter. Censorship measures, regulations f food c nanrotion, increased production and revised capital mobilization plan were also accounted fur. 796^ 800 Tele-gram fror Ott to Berlin of 1 August, conc rn- in-- remarks of Colonel Yemen©to to the effect Japan'" ncw power in Asia worries Anglo-Saxon oo'-ors, particularly since increasing her pre-ssure in favor of Axis powers. Japan is mobilizing for action against USSR. SHIRATORI said Japan intended to start active advance on Russia through demands such as for territory which Russia could not concede; it was all Japan c< uld do n w in fa.ee of the neutrality pact. -233- I Year: 194-1 Cabinet* 3rd Konoye REFERENCE KIDO stated in his diary on 2 August, that Konoye wrs annoyed at the tendency of the tough naval el orients to he cone strongo There must "be no mistake in Japan's diplomacy to allow Japan's oil supply to be cut off, An understanding must be reached between the Wer and Navy Ministers and if this could not be reached the government would have to resign and t't-c Navy ?nd Army assume charge of the administration of the country* In his diary of 7 August, KIDO stated he had net with Konoye and discussed the current problen0 KIDO stated that oil was the most serious problem, Japan nust occupy the Philippines and Singapore before a successful landing on Netherlands East Indieso Since Oil wells would be destroyed during ection5 it would be years before Japan could obtain oil in sufficient quantities0 If Japan attacks Netherlands East Indies, then the UeS„ would declare war and make the shipnent of oil fron these islands virtually impossible* Japan nust restore friendly relations with tbe U. S. The ultimate aim of Japan is to advance south and to attain this, a 10-year plan has been napped out to establish every machine tool industr Synthetic oil industry and expansion of ocean lines and shipping,, - 234 - Document No 0001 EXUIBIT PAGE WITNESS 11199 Richardson 7303 667-A 8913 686-E 7977 803 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye T,r FIRENCE A map dated 10 August showed that Jrpan had. already at this tine created extensive fortifications of Wotje. Newspaper cutting from Kokunin Svininbun of 14- August contained record of General ARAL I' s talk with Is^ iwr.tr. Secretary General of Imperial Rule Association, shoY/ing that APAKI regretted that during tvcir intervention in tbe east against the Soviet Union in 1922, the Japanese failed to accomplish their plans in Siberia. Also shows tvrt ARAKI felt in 1941 that tine was ripe to carry out that wMcb failed in 1922. On 14 August, the 6th FK-sc of Theoretical Maneuvers for Totrl War was prepared which again set forth the imaginary advancc-s of tve Axis forces and rec-ounted the declaration of war by tve United States on the Axis as 1 November 1941. A tele gran frori the Japanese Govern- ment tc Berlin on 15 August concerned a conversation with tvc Soviet Ambassador in wT ich >>0 inquired as to Japan's attitude to tve Gernan-Russo War. In reply Japan stated she was following the Neutrality Pact; however, if (1) Russia ceded, sold or leased any property in East /.sia to a f'ird pc-r;ojj 'or (2)tt>bk any. steps to' ' extend sphere of a 3rd power into East Asia, Japan vrould - 235 - Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye KLFLRLNCI consider this a threat. The Soviet Ambassador replied tvat faissia was strictly obeying tve Neutrality Pact and gave assurance that Russia would never act in tve two courses outlined above. Japan still adhered to tve three-power pact as MATSUOKL had told the Soviet Government on 2 July. In a telegram of 15 -August from the Japanese Foreign Minister to Berlin, he said thr.t in response to a question by Ott about the talk between the Japanese Foreign Office and tve Soviet Ambassador, whether the Soviet does not have the impression that Japan will not take part In the Geman-Soviet war, had told Ott that in view of the military expansion by Japan under present conditions the present arrangement with the Soviet is the best means of taking first steps toward carrying out future plans concerning the Soviet, together with the German Government and that it is in harmony with the Tri-Partite Pact, Fe hoped that tTe German Government would fully understand that Japan's action is a restraint tipon the Soviet until prepara- tions c-n be c or -pic ted, Lxcerpts commencing 16 August from thc first table top maneuvers, a top secret symposium of the first total-war - 236 - Do current No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 8895 636A 10203 1131 8032 814 10204 1132 10205 Year: 1941 Ca. bine t: 3 rd Konoye HI.FEBI.NCE Military Games of tvc Totrl War Research Institute, imagining end forecasting the events loading up to the Docenter attack and subsequent grins by Jap amies. Relates tactical, strategic novos, preparations and manoeuvres in visualising t K attrcLs. Nonura inforned Toycda on 16 August tvat relations between the United States and Japan were critical and the next novo by Japan night load tc. a sudden change p M c V both Japan and America fear night happen in case Japan advances into Thailand. Telegran fron Foreign Ministry to Japanese Ambassador in Washington of 20 August, stating that if the United States is shipping iron, planes, etc. to Russia by way of Japanese coastal waters, this would endanger American-Japanese relations and for t>o Ambassador to call Anerican attention to the fact that Japan would like such further action restrained. A newspaper iten of 23 August, shows that at a Cabinet nee. ting of 22 August, t3 e national connodity mobilisation plan for the second quarter cf 1941-2 proposed by SUZUKI, president of the Planning Board was decided. The plan's key points en- braced expansion of war material production. - 237 - Document Nr. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10766 1245E Ballantine 3404 Liebert 8476 Liebert Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd' Konoye REFERENCE On 27 August, tve Japanese Government issued a statement which was handed to the President cn 28 August. Referring to the U.S.1s reply of 17 August, it stated that Japan's policy was determined by considerations of self-protection for retting national requirements and removing obstacles against national security. Japan is eager to exchange views on basic policies with tve United States and a neetine of the two heads of tve countries would aid to solve tve prcblcns, Japan stated that hCr actions in Indc-Chin? wore to solve t1-c China Incident, and that as long as the USSR maintains the Scvi^t- Japanosc neutrality treaty, Japan will take no military actions in that direc- 1 tion. Promulgation of key industries Control Ordinance on 20 August, based cn provi- sions of Article 18 of National General ; obilisaM- n Law was serve as founda- tion for the corplete control by govern- ment of all major industries, using the oxistin,.; cartel structure as guiding principlee Tx-e Imperial Potrolcun Co., forned on 1 September, had prrpose of surveying and developing oil fields in Japan and dominated territories and f-e control Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT GE WITNESS 8476 Liebert 7107 652 11917 1327 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, REFERENCE of purcre.se and sale of all petroleum and oil products. TVis company was effective government instrument for complete control cf petroleumc Telegram from Neumann at Bangkok of 1 September states that occupation of French Indo-China s^ows signs of being for a long period, contemplated that 45}000 Japanese will be tvere within several reeks, all strategic points, large towns, etcc are occupied0 Attack on Siam is envisaged in November when additional troops have arrived and rainy season ends* Seizure of raw raterials and economic measures parallel to military occupation have been effected. The Japanese are attempting to buy rubber and rice plantations, to acquire real estate, etc. in Frencv Indo-China. On 2 September Jshiz^wa in Batavia cabled Tokyo the increased anti-Japanese tendencies in the NEI pursuant to tve occupation of French Indo-China; the strengthening of schemes with regard to tve Chinese and a plan whereby influential Chinese be sent to NEI to advocate the doctrine that the Chinese and Japanese are one and influence Chinese opinion are some r casures suggested. It was requested that Ambassador Fonda be informed of this message. - 239 - Document Wo. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10773 1245c Ballantine 7971 801A 10214 1134 1 10215 1135 Years 1941 Cabinet: Konoye \ REFERENCE On 3 September t^e President replied to Konoye's message of 27 August expressing M s appreciation at Japan's desire to improve Japanese-U.S. relations. The U.S. recognise t^e swiftly moving character of world events and Is proceeding as rapidly as possible towards consummating arrangements for a meeting at wMch Konoye and Roosevelt could exchange views and adjust relations, Telegram from Ott to Berlin of 4 September, after MATSUOKArs dismissal as Foreign Minister, states the thjrd Konoye Cabinet still planned far-reaching mobilisation. Japanese Army was reserved on t^e subject of attack on Russia due to being weakened in CTinese War and not expecting to be able to make decisive victory before winter sets in„ Plan to take action when numerical force of Japanese Army is increased* On 5 September, KIDO stated in his diary that Konoye advised the Emperor to summon a meeting of the Chiefs of Staff. This was done, On 6 September, KID0S in his diary related a visit he paid to the Emperor in response to the Imperial summons. KILO advised tbe Imperor that since Fara, the President of t>e Privy Council, would - 240 - Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10215 1135 8814 588 1107 Yerr: 1941 Obinct: 3rd Konoye IZID--JCZ csk important questions on vis Majesty's behalf, tve Emperor should only issue a warning, In conclusion, to t^e effect that rs tve present situation was one wvich might lord to war, the Supreme War Command should make every effort to bring about a diplomatic success. KILO visited the Emperor again later in the day and learnt tvat t>-e Cupreme War Command vad not answered the questions put by President Fara concerning diplomatic moves but that the Navy Minister Oikawa, ?rd made an answer to Hara. The Emperor had expressed regret t-~at tve Supreme War Commend did not give a reply and emphasized tve need for whole-hearted efforts in diplomatic negotiations with the United States„ At Imperial Conference of 6 September, attended by TOJO, SUZUKI, MUTO and OKA, it was dccided tvat Jap^n would execute her Southern advance policy, Japan would therefore, complete ver prepara- tions, by the end of October aiming at war with t>e U.S., Great Britain, and the Netherlands. In tve meantime end in pace with tvis decision, Japan would strive to obtain fulfillment of her demands through diplomatic means. If the negotiations did not lead to success by - 241 - Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 1107 10779 1245D Balla.ntine 10213 1133 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, REFERENCE the beginning of October, Japan would immediately determine on war against UcStj Great Britain and the Netherlands. There would be a strong endeavour to check tve formation of a Russo-American combined front against Japan. On 6 September, Nomura handed to Hull another draft proposal setting out the various concessions w'-ich Japan will agree to including not advancing in French Indo-China or resorting to military action in the southern region, and withdrawing troops from Cvina as soon as possible. The United States reciprocal measures were set out and included suspension of any military measures in tve Far East and in the South West Pacific area. The Tokyo Nichi Nichi of 7 September, showed that concrete plans were being drafted by the Communications and Railway Ministry, based on the traffic mobilisa- tion plan for 1941-1942. The Railway Ministry will embark upon construction of freigvt cars and the Communications office will establish the shipbuilding control association to systematise t?e shipbuilding industry. On 5 September, the Cabinet decided a traffic mobilisation plan to place land and sea transportation on a wartime basis. - 242 - Document No. 0001 EXFIBIT PAGE WITNESS fci m l • il Bin 10222 1138 10224 1139 10229 1140 10226 1131 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, REFERENCE On 11 September, KIDO stated in bis * diary that TOJO visited vim after seeing the Emperor and explained the results of an investigation concerning the prepara- tions for war with the United States. In a telegram from Nomura to Toyoda on 12 September, it was stated that the main problem In the United States-Japanese negotiations was Japan's wish to keep troops stationed in China. Tve United States wants Japan to completely withdraw from China within two years. Since there is a possibility of tve negotiations failing in the final stages of this problem, Nomura suggested tvat Toyoda deliberates on tve proposal how to evacuate troops within 2 years after the peace. On 12 September, tve Cabinet adopted a plan, formulated by the Planning Eoard and Welfare Office, for tve people's labour mobilisation. Toyoda's reply to Nomura on 13 September, stated that ve understood tve United States wanted Japan to acknowledge the so-called 4 principles, Japan is not in a position to swallow tve evacua- tion problem, since the world might think it was due to United States pressure. It seems that the United States have - 243 - Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10226 1131 8452 852 8080 832 8455 352 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, REFERENCE conferred with Britain, Holland and CVina beforehand, and although Japan can not hinder the United States from negotiat- ing with others, she will refuse to be induced into a council or an agreement among numerous countries. Secret communication dated 13 September contained request to make arrangements immediately for tve manufacture of "Ho" series notes in denominations of pesos, and "Ni" military currency in denomination of dollars. Again requested preparation of notes in denomination of guilders* Manufacture of pesos to be completed bjr 20 October, dollars one half by 30 Oct and guilders by 20 November (one half). UMEZU, tve Commanding General of the Kwantung Army, issued a. directive on 16 September, which ordered that students of foreign language schools wvo have been Array Russian interpreters under K~n Toku En should be given supplementary education. Top Secret communication of 16 September, concerned t>~e manufacture of "Ho" and "Ni" scries military currency, gives order to manufacture these notes and is technical communication regard- ing the piinting of them. - 244 - Document No. 0001 I X IEIT PAGE WITNESS 10792 1245F Ballantine 11207 Richardson 10782 1245E Ballantine 30230 1141 6412 558 10231 1142 Year: 194-1 Cabinets 3rd Konoye REFERENCE On 22 September, Japan communicated to Grew a statement of the terms of peace which it is proposed to offer to China, From 24 September onwards, Japan ordered her consuls to make reports concerning vessels along certain routes embracing Pearl Harbour. On 25 September, Japan presented Grew a completely new draft of Japan's pioposal and requested an early reply. On 26 September, KIDO stated in M s diaiy, that Konoye had told him that he had no confidence and tvere was' n$ c1oice but for him to resign if the military insisted on starting the war on 15 October. KIDO hoped for prudence. Radio speech by Dr. Nobumi on 26 September, first anniversary of Tri- partite Pact, enumerated Hungary, Rumania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Croatia as having joined the pact, restating tve peaceful intentions of the pact and tve realisa- tion of new world order as ultimate aim. On 29 September, KIDO stated in his diary that the Iriperor had requested an estimate of the U.S.'s rubber and tin resources and stock. KIDO contacted the President of the Planning Eoard. President of the Privy Council advocated - 245 - Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10231 114 2 10189 1126 7404 684 7608 731A 7157 654A Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, 5EFERENCE that in the event of failure of the Washington parley, the Imperial Conference should not be so formal and a full discussion should be held with the senior- statesmen present* KIDO promised to look into the matter, NAGANO stated in interrogation that he had heard of the plan to attack Pearl Harbour in October,, Excerpts from report of the Committee for the Administrative Measures, October, s'-ow that limits of Japanese aggressive plans of expansion into Soviet territory depended only upon place German expansion would stop; plans to run transcontinental railway partly by Japanese and partly by Germans; complete annihilation of USSR and dividing territory between Germany and Japans The 8th all-Manchuria.n Congress of the Kyo Wa Kai was hold in October0 *Bongst those present was UMEZU0 TMs was the first congress since the beginning of the Russo-German War and Russian delegates were invited» A telegram signed Hemmen, a member of the German Armistice Commission for Economic Affairs dated 1 October, stated that the French had requested German support in order to obtain Japanese approval to deliver 5?000 tons of raw - 246 - Document .No. 0001 .. * - - Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE rubber to United States in exchange for vital goods obtain- able only in the United States. Germany upheld Japnn:s objection, pointed out that German requests for rubber were urgent and requested the release of additional .5? 000 tons be obtained for Jupan during October* 10795 1245G On 2 October Full gave Nomura a Ballantine memorandum of an oral statement reviewing the developments in the conversations and explaining the United States attitude towards various points in the Japanese proposal vihic1̂ did not appear to the United States to be consistent wit1- UaS. principles® 7932 788A Excerpt from telegram, Ott to Eerlin, of 4 October, states that from careful sounding of the Army leaders it has been concluded that the inherent aim of the Tri-Partite '/act Is to overpower the British Empire, keep the United States at bay and eliminate USSR, thus bringing about new distribution of power in hi;rope and the Far East0«- 10233 1143 In his diary of 7 October, KIDO stated that there was dissention between the Army and Navy concerning the Washington parley which the Navy wanted to continue and the Army to stop. The Navy wanted Konoye to declare his policy and a - 247 - Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT page w i t n e s s 10233 1143 10236 1144 10234 1145 10241 1146 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Konoye, REFERENCE meeting of the Premier, War and Navy Ministers was held to settle Japan's national policy with respect to war with the United States. In a telegram from Washington to Tokyo on 8 October, the- United States expresses dj satisfaction at the negotia- tions since h?par; does not appear to express a desire to go into a detailed discussion* The United States adheres to the 4 principle:-; and wish-:-3 tc bring about unanimity on the Cundan.-.ntal questions on which the owo h-r.-e failed to see eye to eye, tven turn go other matterso Cn 8 October Nomura cabled Tokyo regarding tve curtailing of guaranties concerning the principles in the proposal of the otho The Americans are still makii demrndi -n the question of stationing and evacuating tr:>ops in French Indo- China to which Jppr.n objects In principlec FIDO expressed Konoye7 s concern regarding the fail'.ire of the Washington talks in his diary of 9 October and KIDO stated that 6 September Imperial Conferenc resolution was too outright. War with the United States would have little hope for victory at the moment, and KIDO advocated completion of the CVina Incident followed by 10 - 15 years preparation. - 248 - Document NO: OOOl Year: 1941 Cabinet : Konoye EXHIBIT ; in ; wr. 9012 309 9013 809 9014 809 10246 1147 REFERENCE It is shown in the document "Japan's Deci- sion to Fight" that on 10 October, Colonel Ryuto, Commander of an anchorage group, wrote a report on conditions showing that the mobilization order had been issued on 12 September. They reached Palau on 10 October and established anchorage head- quarters and prepared for leading opera- tions to accompany v̂ ar. It is shown that on 11 October, in a diary of Pvt. Kashino of an Infantry Regiment, his unit landed at Shanghai and prepared for the Malaya operation from 12-14 leaving for Thailand on 22 November and arriving there on 8 December. In a diary of an unknown soldier of the 41st Infantry Regiment, it is revealed that his unit arrived at Shanghai on 12 October, was given jungle training and left on 2 Decern bor for Sama, and on 13 December was the firs unit to enter Gubun Street. On October 12th KIDO gave details of a meeting of the War Minister TOJO, Navy Minister Oikawa, Foreign Minister Toyoda, President of the Planning Board, SUZUKI, ana Premier Konoye. The War - 249 - Document No. 0001 i xFiriT PAGE WITNESS 10246 1147 10251 1148 10272 1136/ Year: 1941 Or binet: 3rd Konoye REFERENCE Minister TOJO colled for a great resolu- tion since there was no hope of an understanding with the United States ' lie tve Navy wanted to avoid war. A strong leadership by tve Premier was urgent. The Foreign Minister Toyoda, stated that he was unsure of tve outcome, of tve talksa They had agreed, on the advice of TOJO tvat Japan's demands for stationing of troops in Chine should not be altered. Tve successful results of the Chinese Incident should be made secure by all means 5 and the parley should be further based on the fact that these agreements should cease Japan's prepara- tions for war. Konoye also wrote a full account of tve meeting end other events leading up to the resignation. (Soon after it took place.) The effect is substantially the same, except that, according to him, no decision was reached on t^is occasion. TOJO recalled in an interrogation, the fact tvat the War, Fnvy, Foreign Minister and Premier attended the meeting of 12 October* At this meeting United States negotiations were discussed and the fact that the middle 10 days of October which had been set for a time limit for a. favourable diplomatic turn 250 - Year: 194-1 •Cabinet: 3rd Konoye REFERENCE bad arrived. The United States had turned down the meeting between Konoye and Roosevelt and the situation was tense. TOJO felt that there was no hope for a diplomatic success and tine had come to make up Japan's mind for war. Telegram from Neumann at Saigon on 12 October concerning 5"th columnist activities of Pan Asiatic League as a tool of Japanese expansionist policy in French Indo-China, Branch offices of league ordered to advocate agitation for Annamite independence, encourage anti- French uprisings, foster pro-Japanese sentiment through picked units of J a panose Army and to spy on Frcnc^ troop movements and locate raw material and foodstuff storage place, Annamites to be incorporated into Japanese occupation army5 time for striking appears to be the end of the year or early spring. The leaders and a great part of the Annamite: fighting units were ex-convicts. The heir to the Annamite throne fled to Japan at the beginning of this century and as early as 1935 presided over the Pan-Asiatic congress. KI1/0 stated in his diary of 13 October that he conferred with SUZUKI on the political situation and their cenelusion - 251 - Document Nr. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd' Konoye EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 10274 1149 was that the Premier should make an effort to promote mutual understanding with the War and Navy Ministers, 10258'- 1148 Before and at a cabinet meeting on 10263 14 October TOJO maintained the same view, and there was a deadlock. But later the A m y (through MUTO) offered to give way if the Navy would come out definitely against war. OKA, for tvc Navy, refused to do this and loft it to Konoye, v/hich TOJO and MUTO would not accept. 10276 1150 On the 15 October, KIDO stated in his diary that SUZUKI delivered War Minister TOJO's message to hin which stated that unless Konoye changed his mind the general resignation of the Cabinet would be un- avoidable. The succeeding Premier should be able to unite tve A m y end Navy and follow the Imperial will. Prince Figashikunifs name was mentioned as a possibility. KIDO replied tvat this would involve a working-out of a common policy between the Army and Navy beforehand and asked whether War Minister TOJO had any accurate forecast to make on tve fact that the establishment of a prudent policy would take preccdcnce over all other questions. The Premier, Prince Konoye, visited KIDO snd asked his opinion on the Figashikuni Cabinet. Prince Konoye said - 252 - Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinets 3rd Konoye EXFIBIT T'W WITNESS REFERENCE 10276 1150 that tire breach between himself and the War Minister TOJO was very great. Later President of the Planning Board, SUZUKI, telephoned to KIDO to say that TOJO's purpose was to establish harmony between the A m y and the Navy by tve influence of Prince Figashikuni, and KIDO objected to the plan. Later, tve Premier, Prince Konoye, said he wished to secure the informal con- sent of Prince Figashikuni and KIDO said he had no objection so long as Konoye acted in his capacity as Premier. Prince figashikuni, however, wanted a few days for consideration and wished to have a meeting with War Minister TOJO and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal KIDO. 7113 654A Telegram from German Ambassador to Tokyo on 15 October, concerned Japanese occupation of French Indo-China which, according to reports was not without friction. Japanese intend to increase strength there to 40,000 and wrest concession from French colonial administration through local military authorities. Fe says open conflict will be avoided despite all this. The Japanese Foreign Ministry denied a Japanese-Siamese argument concerning the border zone. 8455 852 Secret communication from Chief of Intendance Bureau, War Ministry, to Chief of Financial Bureau of 15 October, requested the forwarding of certain currencies to the - 253 - •CU ' • ' .'1 A EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 8555 852 10310 1159 10282 1151 I02o5 1152 Veer I 1?U1 Cabinet: 31'! Konoye Bank of Japan* Shanghai agency,to arrive by 22 October,. On l6 October, Toyed.;, telegraphed Nomura that Japan had repeatedly affirmed the aim of the Tri- partite Pact to the United States, which is the prevention of the European war spreading. However, should Gorman and United States relations become aggravated, th-re would be a distinct danger of war. It is desired that German-United States relations stop deterioration and Japan requests the considera- tion of the United States. Oil lo October, KIDO stated in his diary that he was opposed to tho Higashikuni Cabinet, such a Cabinet would show that Japan lacked suitable per- sons, and in the event of war a problem would arise. He told TOJG of this opposition and urged a rescission of the previous decision and a unified policy of tho Art?- and Navy. Konoye telephoned tc say be was resigning and did so at 5 o'clock. KIDO1 in his talk with TOJG, urged a revision of the 6th September decisions. On'16 October the Konoye Cabinet resigned and Konoye issued a statement on his resignation. This stated that Army minister TOJO judged negotiations with the United States on friendly terms could not possibly materialise before the desired time (middle or latter part of October); that it was impossible to consent to the withdrawal of troops from China and that the time had come to open war agaii.st the United States. Prime Minister Konoye, however, thought that all negotiations with the United States vero not hopeless and that the stationing of troops in China could be achieved in substance while appearing to yield to the United States. - 254 - 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: 3rd Y.onoye TOJO BI-'FEREF OS '' rtated in an intorrog- tion that on or about 17 October he :.olt the time.* opportune for fighting was i danger of being lost, and that the Konoye Cabinet fell because ' 0-J0 favoured war with the United States while Kono"re still thought a diplomatic snl -.tion possible. EIDC stated in hi? diary of 17 October, that an ex- premiers' Conference \ -roceclive as on 17 July 1541) attended by Eiyoura, '̂ akatsi-.ki, Okada., i-ayashi, TBOTA Abe, Yonai, and Mara, ir was finally decided on lil.'O1 s suggestion that ho should recommend TOJO as the new Premier '*ith additional position of Var Minister. On le October the Accused helo the following positions DOHI-APA, C-eneral, Chief of Air Inspectorate, Supreme :,rar Councillor-; FATA, ' omnander-in-Ohief, Ixoedition- ary Fore. , Central China: FI3AFUih.., Sr-Frfjaier; 'IE, A Mx-Pre. .ier; "OS..-. 11,0, Chief Secretary el Cabinet; ITAGAIQ, General in commend Korean Army-; KAYA, Finance Minister, Vice President China Affairs Board; KIDO, lord he per of Privy Seal; EII'JIEA, Lt. Q n.-.'al, Vice Minister of ar; KOISO, General on reserve list; MATS"TI, General, retired; MINAhl, Governor-General of Morea; ;JrT0, Chief, Military Affairs Joard (' ar Ministry); AGAFO, Chief cf Naval General Sta.fi, Supreme 'ar Councillor; OMA, Chief 5--.r6.an. of ..aval and Military Affairs in ' avy Ministry, Assistant to Navy Minister in Imperial head quarters, Councillor, Bureau of Manchurinn Affairs, Imperial Member of German—Italian-Japanese mixed experts Committe in Tokyo; 0TA"'X, Director-Gereral ox last Asia. Research Institute, South Manrhurian Railway; - 2 5 5 - Document Eo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EX '13 IT 2. .Oh ¥I'.Lri. hSS R" iFEEEHCE OS" I' a, Ambassa. or Plenipotentiary in Berlin; Imperial ••.ember of the G-eroan-Italian-Jaoenese Special Council in Berlin; SI TO, Maior-General, Chief of Military Affairs Section, Military Affairs Bureau (War Ministry), Secretary of several Government Committees; S' ISli-HxS", Attached to foreign Ministry; SEIMADA, Navy Minister, Vice rresident China Affairs Board; S'r3UKI, It. General, I-resident of the Planning Board, Minister of State, Councillor, Total War Investigation Institute, Member Committee on Thought Control, Chief Director, .China Affairs Board; TOGO, Foreign Minister, Overseas Minister, irice "resident, China Affairs Board, Supreme War Councillor: TOJO, Prime Minister, War Minister, Home Minister, President China Affairs 3oard, Supreme War Councillor; TJMEZU, General, Commander-in- Chief, ZVantung Army and Ambassador to Hanchukuo, ABAZI, I-IASFIKOTO, and SEIRATOP.I held no official positions. 102=3 1155 On 16 OctoVr KIDO recorded in his diary that the Emperor sanctioned the xoetition to allow TOJO to remain on activ service and promoted him to a full general. 102S5 1155 On 20 October KIDO recorued tin Emperor1 s con- gratulations to him on the new Cabinet. KIDO told the Emperor that one mistake, might have meant war, this vas the only way to give the situation a new turn and so . e had recommended it. 10312 11-1 On 22 October ITomura requ.ested that TOGO grant permission for .him 13 return to Tokyo. Ee felt that to resign was the only way open lor him as a man of honor. - 256 - Document Eo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO .XrlBIf PIGS VI'.NESS EEFERH'CE 118B5 1325 An official report by the bureau of East Asiatic Affairs of the Netherlands East Indies on the organisation of the Japanese Intelligence Service in the life the -"lends In .ies, 27 October, stated that the Japanese Intelligence Service of the Netherlands East Inoies consisted of 4 organisations, the E00, P50, PAG, and 000. These organisations were under the Foreign Office, Na.va.l Information Service Tokyo, Military director in Central Formosa and Japanese Consul General as receiving centre respectively. 1031-i 1162 Cn 25 October, KILO stated in his diary that SUZUKI had reported cn the progress of the Liaison Conference, the extension of the Anti-Comintern Pact and Manoeuvres against China. 8458 852 Top secret communicati n "o. 10, dated 31 October, referred to the institution of procedures for handling military currency notes in foreign denominations for the southern regions. Syst m of military currency will defray expenditure in event of operations in the south Seas area. Issuance of such currency decided by J-r.--r.i-.--r (TOJC), Finance (j'AYA), Vt-r (TOJO), and "-'e.vy (SHI:ADA) ministers. 7346 674A Excerot from i.agazino "Kaino" (Eeconstruction) written by Tancka (not the - itness) entitled "The Few Development in the P.usso—German T"*ar and Japan", states world-"ide struggle between Axis and anti-Axis is gradually approaching: Japan re .jo ices in and hopes for victory of Germany over P/ussia and Britain. 11923 1328 A list of questions was drawn up for the liaison Conference between the Government and Imperial - 257 - Document Fo. 0001 Year: 1S41 ' alinet: TO JO ILL LJIT P--1.~F WITK5SS KBFKRFFCF Foa^euarters at the end of October. These Questions relate to reactions to Japan's Foreign Policy and that repercussions -"ill result from war, particularly 11S2S 132? if Japan attacks in the south, "hat help can be expocted from the Axis etc. After consideration by the Favy, Army, Porei.-.n, and Finance Finis tries under the Accused SF.IMADA, ' 0J0, TOC-C, and KAYA, respectively, answers to these questions were decided. 10462 1197A SDiGAFO stated in an interrogation that he approved the plan for the attack on Pearl Harbour either at the end of October or the beginning of November. 5105 450 Tokyo Gazette extract, 7ol. V, Fo. 5 of November, entitled "Ten Years of the Fe>r State", relates to richness of Fanchukuo, its abundanco of iron, coal, and non-ferrous metals a.nd its natural resources, the success of the five-year industrial development plan and the industrial and cultural development in border districts* 8980 8741 The monthly Wartime 3c .or t 5o, F of the H. A. Corps, November, gives details of the preparations for operations against Hong Kong and intensification of the blockade. 8482 853 Procedure for dealing vith military ourrency ex- pressed in Southern Region Foreign Currency Order from Finance Finister KAYA to Bank of Japan on 1 Fovember. The Bank of Japan was to acknowledge receipt of not,-3 from the Cabinet -Printing Bureau and notify the Finance Ministry wh/:n they had disbursed any of these notes. 3043 809 The diary of Impto of the French Indo-China Expedi- tionary Army "hô 's that his unit reached Saigon on - 258 - Document No. 0001 Year: 19f.l Ge."binet: TOJO ip i t PAGE WITNESS EEFSSEEOE 1 November, left on 27 November en route to Hainan, leaving there on 4 December. They reached Singora (in Siam, near Malayan border) on 7 December, landing at 0600 on 8 December. 10315 809 On 1 November, the final text of Combined Eleet Secret Operational Order No, 1 had been agreed upon and was being printed: It contained schedules and plans for attacks on Pearl Ee.rbour and various British and Dutch possessions. 10315 1153 TOGO telegraphed Nomura on 2 November stating' that the Imperial Conference scheduled for 5 November expected to reach a final decision for improving relations between the United States and Japan. Ho would inform Nomura of the results, which would be Japan's last effort to improve diplomatic relations. When negotiations were resumed it was urgent that a d cision should be reached at onc<.. This information wa~ stricoly for Nomura1 s information and ' 0G0 trustee, him to exercise great prudence in handling everything before negotiations were taken up. 10317 609 On 3 November, it was decided oo attack Pearl I-arbcur and Chief of Naval General Staff NAGANO set the date. 10318 1164 TOGO cabled i.onura on 4 November, stating that Japan-United States relations were very critical. The Cabinet and Imperial Headquarters had decided on a counter proposal for resuming negotiations which was to be submitted to the conference for sanction on 5 lovember. The telegram then goes on to justify Japan's attitude and accuses the United States of shunning and overlooking J a .an'r position. - 259 - Docume' t No. COsJj Year: 1941 CABINET: SO JO P-X-.--1 '1032 s'- EXHIBIT WITNESS 1165 10323 113S 10330 1167 10333 1169 1107 ESESREVCE On 4 November, TOGO cabled hcnura concerning the revised ultimatum to meet the wishes of the United States. Nomura was to make clear that Japan did not intend to expand her sphere of self-defence and desired to avoid the European 'far's expansion into the Pacific. Ee China.: Japan would withdraw her troops from North China over a period of two years except for the areas of the Mongolian border and on Hainan, where they were to remain for a suitable period (if questioned to be vaguely quoted as 25 years). He wants Nomura, to give the idea that unlimited occupation does not mean perpetual occupation. On 4 November, TOGO formed Nomura that Kurusu was being despatched to help him in the parley®. Kurusu's activities were being ke >t secret for the time being. A cabinet decision of 4 November, agreed on the Policy lor Guiding Public Opinion on British and American Problems. This policy is to 'orovide for the suppression of any war preparation information, etc., and to make the people hold hi pe for the future. At the Imperial Conference of 5 November, attended by TOJO, V.0C-0, SEIMADA, KAYA, SUZUKI, H0SEIN0, MUT0, and OKA, national ' olicv was again decided. It showed that at the Liaison Conference a decision was made to notify Germany and Italy of Japan's intention to start war against the United States and Britain when the present negotiations "ith the United States break down and war is inevitable (presumed to be 25 November) and as soon as preparations are ready they will open negotiations for participation by the Axis in - 260 - Document Ho. 0001 Tear: 1'-' 41 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAG5 VI . 135 BEFIiBSNCI] the war age Inst the United States and for a no-separate peecc pact. The advance throu .h Thailand was decided, first passage of troops to "be demanded, if this is refused they vill advance without it, "but Japan will respect Mia.ilar.d1 s sovereignty (in regard to decision of Liaison Conference of 1 February) and will try to turn negotiations to her advantage by suggesting the cession in the future of 38rt of Burma or Malaya, this depending on Thailand's attitude. Plan for dealing with International settlements made, and a decision not to declare war against Chiang, but obtain same effect by a declaration of war against the United States and Great Britain. 10415 118b On 5 November, the ̂ mbasse.dor at Bangkok reported to TOGO on measures to be taken in the event of Japan taking decisive action in the south. The co-operation of Thai (on. which he had already undertaken work) is important and although in the event of an attack on Burma and Malaya, a temporary infringement of Thailand night happen, the independence of Thailand would be more respected after the objective had been obtained. 10347 809 On 5 November, Yamamoto issued the Combined Fleet 1252 Top Secret Order No. 1, which stated that op rations against tn.e United States, Britain and the Nether- lands will be conducted in accordance with the pro- visions for preparations for wr.r, communications, supply, allocation of forces, etc. 10345 1171 TOGO wired Nomura on 5 November, informing him that arrangem nts for the agreement were to be completed by 25 o-Berber. Docume.it Fo. C0C1 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO KBgBBEiiCE 10343 1170 103^9 609 10332 1168 10913 1246 10348 809 1252 On 6 November, TOGO cabled Honiara that the counter proposals wired to him on the. 4th had been 'approved by the Imperial Conference and talks were to begin. He then advised T'omura on the policy to be adopted in submitting the proposals. Combined Fleet Secrct Operation Order of 5 November stated that Y Day would be 23 Fovember, and Order 3 of 10 Fovember stated that X Day would be 8 December. On 5 Fovember KIDO stated in his diary that an Imperial Conference decided the oolicy towards the United States, England and the Netherlands. TOJO advised KIDO of the formation of the southern Army and the dispatch of Kurusu to the United States. On 7 Kovember Fomura stated in a memorandum to Hull that withdrawal of troops stationed in China will be completed within 2 year?, to proceed gradually according to special arrangements. Japan "ill guarantee territory sovereignty of French Indo-China and with- draw troops as soon as China affair is settled. Japrn will recognize non-discrimination of trade in China and Pacific areas orovided principle will apply to rest of world. On 7 Fovember Admiral Yamamoto issued an order which stated that the Task Force would gather at Eitokappu Wan and remain t.«orfc under great secrecy until 22 • ovember (a combined Fleet Order on operation was issued simultaneously). / German Foreign Office cabled Washington on 8 .'ovember that TOGO had stated that Kurusu had been instructed to take a firm attitude a.nd was gi^en a 262 Document No. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE limit which he could not cross. 10350 80S On 10 November Striking Force Operation Order No, 1 was iss-ed to ell ships to complete battle preparations by 20 November. Rendezvous of fleet to be at Kuriles; strict secrecy to be maintained. SO14 80S Captured copy of a pamphlet entitled, "Just read this and the war will be won,-" stamped 10 November (although actual date of preparation is thought to be prior to this date) gives a map of Southern China, French Indo-China, Thailand, Burma, Malay States, Netherlands East Indies, and a small section of the northwest Australian coast on the front. This was issued to each soldier before: he left for overseas. 8372 872 Group of charts and telegrams show that quantities of munitions, ammunition, machinery, fuel, oil, grease for motor cars and parts for repairing munitions were to be delivered to various seaports in Japan and dis- tributed on 10, 12, 13 and 15 November to the 55th, 56 th and 16th Divisions, and that in October noti- ficatior was dispatched to various governmental agencies to keep s cret the general plan for operation which was to be out into effect in French Indo-China. 10363 1175 At a Liaison Conference of 11 November the principal S261 319 reaso is alleged for the commencement of hostilities against the United States a.id i>roat Britain stated that it is Japan's mission to establish a. new order in Greater last Asia. Although for eight mo- the Japan and the United States have negotiated fof a peaceful settlement, they car. not concur, and Japan can not pAo _ Document No. 0001 Tear: 1341 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS EEEEEENCE realize her policy end bring about stability if she accedes to the United States. Greater East Asia is at a crisis and Japan's future it? in jeopardy and she is compelled to take up arms to smash all ob?tacl s. 10355 1174 A telegram from TOGO to Nomura on 11 November related a conversation between CraigE and TOGO on thf matter of United State"? negotiations. Craigie was of the opinion that they were still at the preliminary stages vl.ile TOGO pointed out they had reached the realm of actual negotiations. The Ambassador is to make the United States realize this fact and bring about an agreement at the earliest possible moment. 10352 1173 On 12 November Tokyo llichi Nichi printed Churchill's declaration that England wan ready in the Pacific and will fight if imerica. does. 8385 67SA Eeport of Military Administrative Measures to ba taken in event of Japan's entering the war, dated 12 November gives: plans for military operations in (a) Sino-Japanese war, (b) Eusso-Japanese ^ar, and (c) Pirst World War, (d) Siberian Expedition, to Ice taken into consideration a.s a guide. 10375 117 D The general outline for hastening the conclusion of war aga-inst the United States, Britain, Netherlands and Chungking, dated 12 o^ember, provider in essence the plan to be adopted towards foreign powers of 5 November. 8933 878 On 13 November a Liaison Conference considered the measures to be taken towards foreign countries decided a,t the Council in the -presence of the Emperor on 5 November. - 264 - Document HO. 0001 Yeai: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXl13 XT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 10377 1177 8977 873 11207 1256 9023 809 10381 117S 7117 655 Nomura cabled. TOGO on 14 November, stating that he would fight to the end and believed he would win out in "the negotiations. American policy was based on stopping Japanece expansion in the Pacific and if Japan moves to the South, she will have to fight England and the United States, and possibly Hussia, r-'Cret telegram da tod 14 ho ember, from Nanking (Chief of Third Air Group) to Vice Ministers of War and General Staff regarding plans for aerial group to leave Nanking on 15 November, to establish command post at Saigon in South Indo-China on or after 16 Novemb er. In a telegram from TOGO in Tokyo to Riyoji at Honolulu, dated 15 November, it is stated that in view of the critical situation between the United States and Japan, report on ships in harbour should Be sent twice a week, observing secrecy. On 15 November a pamphlet entitled "Message to Warriors in the South Seas" was issued by General Horii, Commander of the South Seas detachment de- tailed to attack Guam. TOGO cabled Nomura on 16 November requesting Nomura fight harder than ever before, In Nomura's opinion Japan ought to wait and seo what turn the war takes e.nd remain patient. TOGO was sorry but he had set the deadline for solving the negotiations as 25 November. 3n 17 November iSrdsannsdorff, former member of German Legation at Bangkok, cabled Foreign Minister of Reich - 265 - Document ho. 0001 Year: 1S41 Cabinet! TOJO SXiiLD IT PAGE WITKBSS REFEREFCE concerning conversation with OSHIMA on possibility of Japanese action in northern and southern direction. After initial expression of ignorance, OSHIMA said there was a possibility of invasion of Thailand in order to secure a springboard for attack on Singapore, but increas3 of Japanese troops in French Indo-China would have to be effected first. 11210 1257 On 18 Fovember Kite. in Honolulu cabled Tokyo reporting chip movement in the harbour. 10383 1173 On 18 November Eurusu cabled TOGO expressing faith in Roosevelt's desire to continue negotiations, and stated t/at Japan might give the United States sufficient security so that they could concentrate more deeply in the Atlantic, enabling Japan to occupy a more favourable position in the post-war inter- national situation. 9032 309 T: e diary of a member of the South Seas Detachment shows that on 18 Fovember group war exercises were held under Several Eorii, the unit arrived at Hahagima on 28 Fovember, landing there on 3 December. On 4 December there wa.s an announces rt of a. Japanese- American war. 10387 1180 TOCO t»legraphed Fomura on 19 Fovember, giving more amendments to the pact proposal, one of which was that Japan could not agree to nSm-discriaination in trade being applied only to China, and also that Japan wished to decide independently whether there had been an attack and was not bound by the interpre- tation of other parties to the Tri-Partite Pact, in the event the United States should enter the European War, - 266 - Document No. C0C1 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXKIB IT NIGE WITNJSS KP'EEREl'CI 10389 1131 In his diary of 19 November KIDO stated he pointed out to the Emperor various conditions which, might arise if the Emperor resolved on war by the end of November. Por war to come just because November had expired might be very difficult ••'ith public opinion, and KIDO suggested that when t 'e Premier make- s his final decision he order a. congress of senior statesmen to convene before the Emperor. 898c 877 In a Liaison Conference of 20 November a decision- regarding "Details of the Execution of Administration in the Southern Occupied Territories" was made. It r. lates to the setting uo of a military administration in occupied aree,s using existing organs a.s much as possible end ordering co-operation of United States avid Dutch ne.tiona.ls with Japan's military. Pinal dis- position of territories is to be decided later. The occupation forces will control all facilities and communications. All important matters on locrl adminis- tration are to be decided a.t Liaison Conference s. In Drench Indo-China and Thailand a military administration is not to be set up, b t measures are to be taken later. 10811 1245-H On 20 November Nomura handed Hull another draft Bellantine proposal incorporating the various points of the previous proposals. 119=3 1331 On 20 November it was decided at a Cabinet Con- ference to establish a new Committee within the Cabinet - the Sixth Committee under Chairmanship of the President of one Planning Board, SUZUKI. This com- mittee was to draft elans ior the economic exploiter- tion of the southern areas. The establishme t of the committer . nd its deal inns were secret. The regulations - 267 - Document No. 0001 leer' IP Cabin. TJ.'O F NIP IT PAGE WITNESS HIIKEEtSi'OE for the establishment of this co-^ittee wore approved "by the Premier on 2 Dece her. 902? 609 Prom the diary of So erior Private Yamashita of the 41st Infantry Peginent it is shown that i is unit anchored in sight of Takao on 21 November. 10c."2 1182 On 21 '\ovoaber an Investigation Committee meeting of t.-e ?riT",- Council attended, by TOGO and TOJO was held on Prolongation of the -inti-Comintern 1- act. It was decided unanimously to approve the v.act and to request the government to «>e - very effort to make it effective. 6637 601 Telegram from Pibbentroo 21 November, shoving that on 18 Ivovember Japan sought advice from Germany as to whether Germany v/ould a ree not to conclude a. separate peace with the United States in event of the United Sta ,gs-Japanese Var, and that Germany would not con- clude a separate peace regard! ss of reason for war and in the event Japan commenced it. 8984 875 In a cable from Tsukada, Chief cf Staff of the Southern Arm:', to KIK03A, Yice Minister of War 22 November, it is stated that the Southern Army will leave Tokyo oil 2': November, larding a.t Zee lung on 29 November and the establishment of the '\eadquprters a.t Taihoku on 2 December. 10400 1183 TOGO in a. cable to i-omura on 22 November explained the difficulty of altering the deadline date of the - 268 - Y r 9 4 1 Ca.bir. T~JO INFERENCE agreement, but stated that if the signing co"lc. be completed by the 2Sth, and an understanding with Britain r nd the Neth- rla:.ds be readied by an exchange of notes by that date, Japan would make arrangement* to wait. After t::at things will automatically happen, 6540 602 Telegram from German Ambassador at Eokyo to Reich Foreign Minister of 23 November states Japanese War Minister1s gratitude for the fact that Germany would not leave Japan in the lurch in case of Fnited States conflict, and also inquired if Jenan-United States war would mean German-United States war Operation intentions of Japanese in the event of war gave the impression that Thailand, North and East Borneo would be occupied, but Philippine decision has not been reached. 10402 1134 On 23 November Nomura cabled TOGO that he had met with Null and Ballantine concerning the negotiations, Britain, Australia and the Nether- lands representatives had been conferred with on the 22nd and tnoir opinions on Japan's proposals obtained. He gave a general survey of the conversations, ending by informing TOGO that the United States will submit a counter proposal on Monday. Doctuaeno No. 0001 PnGE AXLIBIT WITNESS - 269 - Document !To. 0001 PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 10408 1185 10411 1187 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO REFERENCE TOGO cabled Konmra on 24 November, telling him of p conference with Grew concerning the movement of troops in French Indo-China. Japan objected to intervention with Japan's efforts for peace when Roosevelt acts e.s mediator in connection with the Chinese problem andjhas Chiang Kai Shek propose peace with Japan. Clarification must bo obtained on this point before negotiations between United States and Japan can be settled. On 25 November the Japanese Ambassador at Hanoi stated that he had boon advised that the United States w'.s to reply by the 25th; failing this, he presumed war will result. However, if they fail, Japan's forces arc ready to move. He queried whether status quo of NIC would be maintained in war. 8407 Lishort 6046 6043 495 496 kQ 10418 1189 The law entitled, "Law Concerning Industrial Equipment Corporation" was passed on 25 November, by virtue of which the Government created a special equipment corporation, having as its object in tines of war to have war and essential industries equipped with necessary plants for increased production on definite lines of the government program. On 25 November the Anti-Comintern Pact was renewed with the provision for admission of new participants - Japanese - controlled China., Rumania, Bulgaria, Finland, Slovakia, Croatia and Denmark. Nomura and Xurusu called TOGO on 26 November, stating that there was hardly any hope of the United State3 accept inn the "B" proposal in toto. - 270 - Document Eo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE UITxTFSS REFEFEFCE Situation was tense and all they could suggest to save it was that Roosevelt cable Japan stating that he hope3 that Japan and the United States will cooperate in maintaining pcace and Japan replies with a cordial message* If Japan approved, they would begin negotiations on receipt of tho wire. It seems to them that the rupture, although possibly not causing war, would result in the occupation of Netherlands East Indies, wherewith Japan would be forced to attack. They asked TOGO to consult KIDO (at least) on this point. 10815 12451 Hull replied to the Japanese on 26 Hove rubor out- Ballantino lining a tentative form of the proposed basis for agreement. 10429 1190 In his diary for 26 Fovember KIDO stated that he conferred with the President of the Privy Council about a senior statemon's conference. The Emperor feared the worst and said that final decision for war should be carried out after another senior statesmen's conferoncc with a broader discussion of the matter. 10461 1197A SAOA2TO stated in interrogation that the Hoots started for Pearl Harbour either on 36 or 27 November. 10432 1191 Record of a telephone conversation between Eurusu and Yamanoto of the Foreign Office on 27 Fovember reveals that the negotiation? do not seem to be getting along any better. Yamamoto tele1 Kurusu not to break them off and that he would carcfully road the President's message. Kurusu said they wanted to keep on negotiating but the Army is champing at tho bit and there is a crisiB. - 271 - Document !To. 0001 PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 10437 1192 10442 1193 6644 603A 6652 604 10444 1194 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EEEEE3NCE On 28 November the Cabinet approved a plan for establishing a now system in press circles. An Imperial Ordinance creating a new system will bo issued under the National Mobilization La«r. It is aimed at placin-o the newspapers on a wartime bo,sis. TOGO informed Nomura on 28 November that in view of the latest United States proposal, there is practi- cally nothing left but to break off the negotiations. However, Nomura andNurusu are not to convey the impression that the negotiations are broken off and to say that they oro awaiting instructions from home, and while not clarifying the Government's intent, they are to give personal opinion that Japan's claims have been just and the United States has not co-operated. The measures suggested in their telegram are considered improper, although they had been referred to the parties mentioned. Intercepted message from Berlin to Tokyo of 20 November stated that if Japan should fight the United States, Germany would join war immediately, also no possibility of Germany entering into separate pea.ee with the United States. Excerpt from interrogation of OSHIMA in which he stated that around 29 or 30 November he received word that Hull's reply of 26 November with regard to Japanese-United States negotiations had been extremely severe in tone. Tl'OC cabled Nomura on 29 November, instructing the Ambassadors to make one more verbal attempt by - 272 - Locument So. 0001 Tear: 1»41 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT FAQS UITNN5S EEFEBENCE stating traditional United States fairness, and Ja< an can not understand why United States rejects her new proposals. They were to ask careful reflection on what has "become of the basic objectives that the United States has made the basis for negotiations for 7 months (with this change of front on the China problem) and to exercise care that this does not lead to breaking off relations. 11938 1330 On 29 November the Japanese Consul General in Batavia instructed all Japanese consuls in Netherlands East Indies to report the arrival, departure, nationality, port, etc. of all foreign merchant men or worships operating in the Pacific, Indian Ocean and South China Sea zones. 10452 119^ On 29 November KIDO in his diary described a meeting of Senior Statesmen (ex-premiers etc., in- cluding EIEANTJMA and KIROTA) to give the Emperor thoir individual, views on the question of peace or war. The Government . xplained that in their view war was inevitable. According to TOJO the members of the Government present besides himself were SHIMADA, TOGO and SUZUKI at the first part of the conference when the explanations were given; himself only in the later stages when the Senior State smen spoke. KIDO surmiarizes the views of the Senior Statesmen; none dissented from the Government view. 1(3468 1198 KIDO stated in his diary of 30 November that in view of Prince Takamatsu's statement that the Navy wished to avoid war, he advised the Emoeror to ask opinions of the Navy Minister (SHIMADA), - 273 ~ Document !To. 0001 P-iC-E FITFESS 7974 302 10449 1195 10469 1199 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO KEFEREFCE Chief of Faval General Staff (EAGMO), and the Premier. I^ter, the Emperor told FIDO that in view of the fact that the Navy Minister and Chief of Favy General Staff had given affirmative answers to the success of war, he had told the Premier to act accordingly. Telegram from Tokyo to Berlin of 30 November showed that the Japanese wore ready to turn on Soviet Russia should it join with England and America. On 30 For. TOGO cablcd Fomura setting out tho linos alonr which Fomura is to make one more attempt with the negotiations. The Imperial Government cannot understand the proposal of the 26th and holds a doubtful attitude towards the fundamental plans of the United States government in tile negotiations. IOGO cabled OSHIMA on 30 Fovember and informed him that tho Tri-Partite Pact had throu.gh.out formed the corner stone of Japanese Foreign Policy. He- warding th" negotiations, the question of evacuation of troops on which, the negotiations rested had been violently opposed, and it has become c l e a r that Japan could no longer continue negotiations. The .american proposal of 26 Fovember which aimed at attempting to trick Japan into agreeing that if United States enters the European war Japan cannot assist Germany and Italy has made their attitude dearer than ever. The United States is now in collusion with Australia, England, Holland and China and has decided to regard Japan as well as Italy and Germany as an enemy. - 274 - Do v urn, r. No, C PAC-E EXHIBIT WITNESS 10475 130© 10506 to 10513 1206A 1207A lOij.82 1202 10483 1202 1201A \c--i 19 ix -j'CJO EEEERENCI P.ecord of a telephone conversation "between Kurusu and Yamamoto on 30 November showed that Kurusu stated that a reported speech by TOJO had caused much publicity end comment in the United States and the President was returning, possibly on account of it. Yamamoto told Kurusu to continue negotiations and Kurusu said to stretch them out they would ne-ed help from home. Kurusu said that more discretion should be exercised in speeches by the Premier and Foreign Minister and that he would see Hull the next da.y. TO00 in his interrogation stated that the contents of the final note from Japan to the United States we re- decided at a series of Liaison Conferences on or before 30 November and confirmed by the Cabinet shortly after- wards, and that the instructions as to the time of its delivery were known to all the members of the Liaison Conferences. These included in both cases the accused TOJO, SEIMAHL, NAGANO, KA.YA, SUZUKI, HOSKINO, MUTO, and OKA. The accused are-There of the Cabinet were TOJO, SHI:ADA, KAYA, SUZUKI and HOSHINO. He claims that all the above mentioned were responsible in both respects. T08O admitted and excused the non-delivery of any warning whatever to Great Britain until after 0700 hours on 8 December when he handed a copy of the note to Ambassador Craigie, by saying that he thought Washington would pass it on to London. According to TOJO it was decided at one of these Lieison Conferences to leave it.to TOGO, NAGANO and Sugiyama to decide the time of delivery of the note. In accordance with the repeatedly expressed wishes of the Emperor it wes to be before the attack. He agree* - 275 - Document !To. 0001 PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS 1201A 10498 1204n 10493 1204A 1C488 1203A 10484 1202A 10173 1119A 104-91 1203A Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO P-EFEPENCE that the gist of the contents of the note was approved hoth by the Liaison Conference and the Cabinet; he denies that the time of delivery was reported to the Liaison Conference, but says that SUZUKI also knew it. Ideas as to the length of the interval between the delivery of the note and the attack varied from half an . hour to one and a. half hours, but it was not to be such as to interfere with tho success of the "surprise attack". TOJO admitted that the note was not a declaration of war, but he says he thought it was a breaking off of diplomatic relations. He and the Cabinet studied the relevant treaties and he says they thought they were justified, in spite of the Hague Convention and the Kellog-Briand Pact, because Japan had been challenged militarily and economically by the other countries and was acting in self-&ffense. Ha and TOGO expressed the same opinions to the Liaison Conference and they all agreed. TOJO agreed.that owing to the shortness of time allowed there was danger of a. hitch, but trusted the Foreign Min- istry to see that it did not occur. The War (T0J0), Navy (SHIMADA), Planning Board (SUZUKI), Norcim (TOGO), and Finance (KAYA) Ministers were among the. members of the Cabinet who wore always preset at Liaison Conferences. The decisions of the Imperial conferences as a rule merely confirmed decisions previously taken at Liaison Conferences, according to TOJO. TOJO said that the Pearl Harbour plan was kept secret in tho Navy Ministry until it was disclosed at the Liaison Conference of 30 November. - 276 - Document L-o. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet• TOJO EXHIBIT * - . 1 > . J . B1:.?ERE 0E 11365 1334 The Fundamental Principles of Remedial Measures in Southern Regions to be occupied through Great East ..°ia a.r, dated December, states that wh"n all American, British and "utch southern regions are occupied, Ja.jan will alone di aide their sovereign, political, cultural and economic futures. iivi_edial measures should accord with statement in Imperial/ R. script declaring war. Indopen.de.,ce is to be afforded various countries, but even so their defense and foreign r relations will bu indirectly controlled by Japan. 13516 1205 On 1 December TOGO cabled "onura, stating that the deadline da.te had core and.gone and the situation was increasingly difficult. To -orevent "nited States suspicion they had advised the press that though there we re wide differences between the TJnited States and Japan, negotiations were continuing. The note would bo withhold from th ,S. Ambassador to Tokyo and repro- s stations made in Washington only. They were ask3d to make investigations concerning the President's return. 10519 565 On 1 Dec mbor an Imperial Conference was held at 1107 which it was decided that sine the negotiations * itA the United Stat s rtgarding th execution of national policy decided on 5 "ev :ib«. r have failed, Japan will op n hos- tilities against Britain, the United States and the Motherlands. According to T0J0 (and as shown ir Exhibit 2107) there ^ere present on this occasion himself, all or nearly all the Cabinet m mbi rs (who included SEEAILi., TOGO, EAYA, and STTZUEI) ixAGAFQ, H0SHIN0, MUTC, A.;D OKA. 10523 1210 EIJO's diary of 1 Dec mbor stated that the Council, in the presence of the Emperor, was held that da.y and decided on war between Ja -an and the United States; the - V -277- Document No. 0001 Year: 1541 Cabinet: '10 JO EV 13 IT PAT.. WIJ" LAI RDPhRNIvCE Premier consulted ZIDO about the declaration of war. 10523 1011 On 2 December ~0C-0 instructed Nomura and consuls in the United States territory by cable to burn al". codes, secret documents, etc., without raising suspicion from out sire. 11214 Richardson Bernard "uehn admitted that on 2 December he gave Kite., Consul General Honolulu, documents concerning full details of United States shipping information in Pearl harbour. 11193 1252 On 2 December Combined Pleet Top Secret Order "To. 7 T; S issued. 11211 135a Jn 3 December r'0C-0 cabled Honolulu statin thrt in view of the present sit" ation, he would like a dan by day report on whether balloons have been installed above Pearl iarhour and if warships are provided with anti- mine nets. 6654 6C5 ' In a telegram sent -.n 2 December from OSI-I-A. to TOGO h stated be had been unable to get Hitler's opinio . on the subject of German participation in American War with Japan, out would do so as soon as possible. 0SHIKA had assured Gaus that the agreement would be mutual. 0SHIMA suggested that a German- Italian- Japan* se declaration of joint non-conclusion of separate .eace r_ould be best. On 2 Dc comb or TOGO consod to bo Overseas ."r.nistor, but retained other offices.. 6557 606 Intercepted message from Rome to TOC-O of 3 December concerned the fact t. at United States-Japanese nego- tiations are not ,rorking out and Mussolini backs up -278- Document "So. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITfrTSS BEFERENCE for the moment. Since she is closely hound with Japan, and England, United States and Holland hare not recognized her, she will consider them as de facto enemies and treat them accordingly. 10559 Shireo 3n 4 December witness Shirao stated that on orders from f e war Ministry he issued written instructions to all branch offices in Tokyo and to other sections of his censorship staff concerning 5-hour delay for cables to and from abroad. 6551 507 Extract from Ciano's diary of 4 December states that Berlin does not like the i ea of United States inter- vention in war, while Mussolini appears pleased about it. 6663 608 Telegram from German Ambassador Tokyo to Eeich Foreign Minister of 5 Tecember, concerning impending break—off in United States-Japanese negotiations. Deliberations in Poreign ministry on how Japan will open co _flict, whether by declaration of war simultaneously with, or after the beginning of hostilities. 10b32 1215 On 5 December Nomura handed a statement to Hull, giving the explanations regarding troop movements in French Indo- China as instructed by TOGO in his cable of 3 December. 1121': 12S2 A message from Honolulu to TOGO dated o December gave specific mention of the movements of ships in and out of the Harbour. 6662 607 Extract from Ciano's diar- of 5 December related that Ribbentrop, after two days' delay, sent a m< ssage and sub- mitted a plan for triple action on Japanese intervention and the pledge not to make a separate peace. 7381 805 Telegram from Tokyo to Berlin of 6 December states that -280- Document No* 0001 PAGE EXHIBIT WITNESS Year: 1941 Cabinet: 10 JO EZPHEIEL CD 10534 1216 10536 1217 11224 1264 Japan hesitates to bring about a clash with Soviet until circumstances arc right and wants this explained to German Government so it will not insist on exchange of notes on this natter at the present time. TOGO cabled Nomura ^n 6 December and stat. d that tho Government had deliberated on the United States proposal of 26 November and hod decided on a memorandum. Inis memorandum may be delayed until the next day and the exact.time for handling it will be telegraphed lat er. On 6 December T GO informed Nomura again of the strict secrecy of th memorandum. A m. 8sage was sent from Honolulu to TOGO on 5 December, giving the location of ships in tno Harbour and that im air reconnaissance was being conducted by the Fleet Air Arm. 10825 1245-J On 6 December tho President of the United States telegraphed a personal appeal to the Emperor that the tragic possibilities in the situation be avoided. By the President's instructions the telegram was in gray cod., easy to decipher. The alerting message 0 was dispatched at 2000 hours on 6 December and the message at 2100 hours on the same day, all Washington time. A message of December from Honolulu to TOGO gave direct information for the surprise attack and dealt with important subjects of barrage balloons end. torpedo nets. On 6 December Shirao, Chief of Censorship Depart- ment, Communications Ministry, stated his orders to Ballantine 1221 11222 1263 1056 9 Shirao -281- SottUiiy-siAii 1 1, C I : 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXEiB IT PASS WIT; ESS BE' EREECE delay t degrams were changed from 5 hours' delay to 5 and 10 hours on alternate days: 7 December became a "ten-hour" day. On 7 December (6 December in Washington) • a (CX^O c a b l e d t h a t the reply was to be giv^n to the United States at 1:00 PK on 7 December, Washington time. A telegram from TT-0 of 7 December stated measures to be taken in the event of a national crisis, in regard to China. British concessions to be occupied, Shanghai International Settlement, Peking Legation compounds to be taken over. On declaration of war the Nanking Government is to be directed (contrary to previous in- structions) not to nartioipate, but to maintain close relations with Japan. KIDO stated in his diary on 7 December that E0SHIE0 visited him to consult about the war with the United States and England. 10330 Ballantine At 7:40 PM on 6 December the White House informed the Press that a note was being dispatched to the Emperor. 10544 1222 Synchronized Time Chart for 5, 7, 6 December showed that events occurred in the following order, according1 to Tokyo time: December 7 0940 American Pre~s told telegram on way to Emperor 1000 Hull cabled Crew the cable was on way 1100 Hull sent President's message to Emperor to Crew, cable marked "Triple Priority" and message sent in easily decipherable code - 2 8 2 - 10537 1218 10538 1219 10542 1220 Document No. COoI Yea.-: 1541 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE VITMBSS REFERENCE 1200 President's message received in Tokyo 1500 U. S. radio annou oes message on way 1800 "by this time at latest the. contents of the President's message were known in Japanese Government offices. 2230 Grew received the message December'8 0015 Grew sees TOG-O, reads message to him, and asks for appointment to deliver it to the Emperor personally 0045 The Shanghai Bund occupied 0140 Kota Bohrn shelled 0200 Nomura asks to see Hull 0205 Japanese land at nota Bahru 0300 Nomura asks for postponement of meeting with Hull 0305 Japanese land at Singora and Patani (Siam) 0320-25 attack on Pearl Harbour 0405 Nomura arrives at Hull1s office 0420 Nomura hands Hull the document terminating negotiations C53A H.I'.S. Peter el sunk 0530 Japanese troops invade Siam from Prcnch Indo- China 0610 air raid on Singapore 0700 Tokyo radit gives first notice that hostilities have ho gun 0730 Grew cells on TOGO, who ,hand3 him copy of document handou "by iomura to Hull, stating it was 3nrperor: s answer to President's message 0800 Crai'ic sees TOGO at his request and is handed a copy of the last-mentioned document 0805 Guam attacked - 2 8 3 - .Document lo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WIT1IESS EEE^RT^OT? 0900 Hong Kong attacked between 114"» and 1200 Imperial Bescript issued. 10552 1224 Affidavit of Joseph Clark Grew stated that about 1500 1247 cn 7 December it was announced by radio in the United States that the President had sent a message to the Emperor, but no information was given as to its substance or the channel of transmission. At 2100 he received a telegram marked "Triple Priority" from Hull, sent at 2000 6 December, Washington time (1100 7 December Tokyo time), stating that a telegram was then being encodcd containing a message from the President» which Grew was to communicate to the Emperor at the earliest possible moment. About 2230 the actualtfiiê sage was delivered at the Embassy. It %vas stamped as having been received in Ja.Jfn at 1200 and was marked "Triple Priority" sent 6 December, 2.100 Washington time (1100 7 December, Tokyo time). Grew immediately telephoned to TOGO asking for an urgent appointment at midnight. TOGO attempted to put it off until the next day, but made the appointment. A- soon as the telegram was decoded and typed, Grow took it to T^G0!s residence and saw him on 8 December at 0015. He requested an audience with the Emperor to present the message, which he read aloud, and of which he gave a copy to TOGO. TOGO said at first he would study the document, but whon Grew asked if this meant some doubt as to whether he would ask for the audience, ho replied he would present the matter to the Throne. TOGO made some further remarks about the Washington conversations, but when Grew said he had not received a report of the 5 December talk and it would complicate -28/4- Document Ho. 0001 Tear: 1341 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS SEFEEENCE matters if he tried to repeat talks in his comments to the Department, TOGO said it was not necessary. Grew left at 0300. At about 0700 Grew received a telephone call requesting him to come and 3ee the Minister at once. The person speaking seid he had tried to get Grew since 0500. Grew arrived at the Minister's residence at about 0730. TOGO said he had seen the Emperor and handed Grew a copy of the memorandum entitled, "Memorandum handed by the Japanese Ambassador to the Secretary of State at 2:20 PM on December 7, 1341." TOGO said he had seen the Emperor at about 0300, and thi<= memorandum is the Emperor's reply. Grow reminded TOGO that he had asked for an audience and still wished to present the President's message personally. TOGO said he had no desire to stand between the Throne ana Grew. He then thanked Grew for cooperation during the conversations and saw him off. TOGO said nothing to Grew about war having broken out any- where, or about Pearl Harbour. Shortly after returning to the Embassy Grew learned through a newspaper bulletin that Japan was at war With the United States ana Great Britain. Later that morning an official of the Foreign Office called at the Embassy and read the official announce- ment that war had broken. 10570 Shirao Shirac stated that on 7 December before 6:00 PM, possibly between 4 and 6 - he knew of the contents cf Roosevelt's aeena^e to the Emperor from the War Ministry. 10831 1345-IC Text of the memorandum handed on 7 December at 2:20 PM, Ballantine Washington time, by Ambassador Nomura to Secretary of State Hull, breaking off negotiations with the United States. -285- Document "So. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 10629 1232 10627 1232 10680 1238 10673 1236 10676 1236 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO REFERENCE 10571 Shirao 10637 Tateno 10572 Shirao 1240 10683 1239 At 1:20 PM, 7 December, Washington time, Japan attached Pearl Harbour. Nomura and Kurusu arrived to see Hull at 2:05 PM on 7 December (Washington time) and were received by him at 2?20 PM. They presented the memorandum breaking off negotiations and apologized, saying it should have been delivered at 1:00 PM, but decoding had delayed its delivery. Shirao stated that at 0430 cn 8 December ho was told by the Chief of the Foreign Telegram Section to stop all communications v/jth foreign countries. .At C645 on 8 December, General Mai thy was informed that war existed between Japan and Britain and at 0800 Japanese aircraft bombed Hong Kong airfield. Witness Tateno, radio announcer, stated that at 0700 on 8 December he broadcast the first publication of Japan's attacks. It was not true as stated in the broadcast that there had been a previous announcement at 600, At 0800 on 8 December (Tokyo time) TOGO handed the same reply to Craigie at which time Craigie stated he had received no information of any state of war or attack on Britain or the United States, and was relieved to find the document did not suggest it. At 1130 on 8 December an official of the Japanese Foreign Office informed Craigie that war existed between Great Britain and Japan. At 12 o'clock midday on 8 December the Imperial Rescript was read according to testimony of Shirao. On 8 December KIDO in his diary stated that at 12:40 AM Foreign Minister TOGO reported that Ambassador Grew had brought a personal telegram from President to the Emperor. -286- Document Bo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: .«:0J0 EXHIBIT PACE WITNESS BEPHP-SNCD KILO advised TOG-O to deliberate carefully with. Premier TOJO as regards its diplomatic effect. The Emperor would grant an-audior.ee even at midnight. KILO went to the palace at 2:40 AM and talked with TOCO, hack home at 3:30 AM. As he s returning to his office, which he reached at V; 15 AM, he saw a fine sun rise and reflected that this was the day on which Japan was to enter the war against the United States and Britain, and that at day- break a mass air attack had been carried out at Hawaii. Knowing this, and being anxious about the result, he prayed. At 7:30 AM on arrival at the office, he heard of the grand success of the surprise attack from TOJO, NAGANO and Sugiyama. Prom 11:40 to 12:00 midday, KIDO was received in audience. The Imperial Proclamation of War was is sued. 10642 1235-A 8 December 1140 Japan announced her attack on Hong Kong 1150 " " 11 on Malaya 13CO " " " air raid on Hawaii and others 1700 " " air raid on the Philippines 2100 " " air raid on airdromes in the Philippines and advance into Thailand. 10690 1241 At an Inquiry Committee Meeting of the Privy Council at 7:30 AM on 3 December, attended by TOJO, SHIMADA, TOGO, KAYA, SUZUKI, MUTO and OKA, while SEEMADA was re- porting on the starting; of war against the United States and England, the Emperor1s reference bill for their deliberation, on the subject arrived. In answer to a question as to the time of declaration of war, TOJO replied it shall be done as soon as the Imperial Sanction -287- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT FAC-E WITNESS Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO REFERENCE 10700 1242 7122 656 11304 1266 is obtained. He also said since 1 December the ne- gotiations were continued only for the srke of strategy, and that Japan would not declare war against Holland in view of future strategic convenience. KAYA said there would be a Special Emergency War Expense Account. TOGO spoke of the form in which the announcement would be made to enemy countries. The Secretaries reported that at 8:00 PM on 7 December they were informed at Premier's residence that the action would begin in the early morning next day, and that during the day the declaration of war against America and England would be presented for Imperial Sanction. On 8 December Berlin cablod Tokyo reporting that 0 SHI Hi had stated to Ribbentrop Japan1 s wish for a formal declaration of war by Italy and Germany. Ribbentrop agreed to transmit TOGO's wish to Hitler. Local Military Treaty between French authorities and the Japanese Army was enacted on 9 December con- cerning the .joint defense of French Indo-China. By this agreement Japanese troops are granted all facilities of movement, etc. France and Japan agree to collaborate for defense of French Indo-China with all their resources and various measures concerning air defense, ship move- ment s.plane movements, transport communications and counter-espionage a.dopted, all of which benefit Japanese and give them virtual control. On 10 December the Investigation Committee of the Privy Council met to discuss the matter of no-separate peace. TOJO, SHIMADA, TOGO, HCT0 and CXA were present when it was queried whether the treaty should not be deferred until Germany and Italy had actually entered I Document No. 0001 Year: 1 j41 Cabinet: TOJO « EXE II IT PACE WITNESS REFERENCE the war; TOGO ana TOJC answered that it had "been arranged with Hitler to announce German participation as soon as he signed the agreement and they could trust the Germans. 11305 1257 On 10 December a Privy Council Meeting was held attended by TOJO, SHIMADA, TOGO, KAYA andSUZUKI on the ratter for the conclusion of the agreement between Japan, Germany and Italy regarding the waging of a common war against the United States of America and the United Kingdom, non- separate peace and collaboration for the establishment of the new order. 6668 51 On 11 December the Board of Information announced the conclusion of an agreement between Japan, Germany and Italy with respect to t/eir joint prosecution of war against the United States and British Empire, abstention from concluding peace and cooperation for the establishment of a new order. 8060 826-A Excerpt from newspaper "Asalii" of 12 December giving text of statenont of TOJO on occasion of declaration of war by Germany and Italy on the United States and of the conclusion by Japan of the military agreement with Germany and Italy. TOJO states the world is divided into two groups, one fighting to maintain the status quo and the other for a new order; he believes victory will come to the latter. Offers hearty congratulations on the alliance of the throe countries. 11948 1332 On 12 December the first report of the Sixth Committee (SUZUKI, Chairman), "Outline of the Economic Counter-Plans for the Southern Areas," was made. Principal policy stated to be meeting demand fer important national resources so as to help war, to establish self-sufficient system for co- -289- .Document lo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT \"-GE 1£IT"'':.;SS EEEEREivCE Japan in the Ear East, would declare war himself li Japan were involved, and give Japan all assistance possible- by holding England in the Mediterranean. 866," 507 Extract from Ciano's diary 3 December related to a meeting between the Japanese Ambassador and the Du.ee, in which the former asserted that United States-Japanese negotiations were at a deadlock. He asked Italy to declare war immediately after Japan din so, and Mussolini said he would, reserving right to confer with Berlin first. 11216 1251 Cn 3 December Kita in Honolulu cabled Tokyo, report- ing a change in his method of communicating by signals. 10525 1213 TOGO cabled Nomura on 3 December and instructed him concerning- the rumour of strengthening of troops in Drench Indo-China to state that it was caused by cxaggerated reports of strengthening troops there against Cninese•troops which have been carrying on activities in French Indo-China and China border districts. 1052B 1213 Cn 3 December Nomura acknowledged TOCO's cable and stated that he assumed it was a result of consultations and considerations. He stated that the United States considered it important and that this reply will the key to peace or war. He could not anticipate the United States reply. Nomura asked for a clearer ex- pression of Japan's intent, and intimated that the suggested explanation was unsatisfactory. 10i?30 1214 In a cable from ' OGO to Ksinking on 4 December steps to be taken by Manchukuo in case the situation becomes critical are stated, reversing previous instructions. Vhen Japan commences war, Manchukuo will not participate -289- .Document lo. 0001 Year: 1941 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE prosperity sphere, and to strengthen Japan1 s economy, fwo areas are named for this purpose: one to include Netherlands East Indies, Malaya, Borneo, Philippines, and the other French Indo-China rvid Thailand. 11961 1333—A On 14 December a summarized plan for the management of the sorthern area was made. Purpose to guarantee Japan's security and establish necessary/organization for Co-Prosper- ity Sphere with Japan as leader. Basic policies are acquisition and utilization of military bases, ac- quisition of resources for national defense, tightening economic cooperation, severing European and American political shackles and respecting local desire for emancipation and independence. The plans for the inde- pendence or occupation of the southern areas are then set forth, taking into consideration the cooperation afforded to Japan, 6671 609 At a meeting between OSEIMA and Hitler on 14 December, at which Hitler decorated OSEIMA with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the German Eagle in gold. Hitler expressed hiu delight at the method Japan used to declare war. Hitler stated that if the other party only puts one off when negotiating, then one should strike and not waste time declaring war. The entry of Japan into the war was a gree.t relief to Germany; it facilitated her submarine warfare now that the United Sta.tes position was clear. Hitler excused the set-back in Russia. as due to weather and gave information on contemplated Mediterranean attack with U-boats. OSHIMA gave the Fuehrer a survey on the Pacific war situation, stating that after the fall of Singapore, Japan will turn on India; he also revealed - 2 9 0 - Document Ho, 0001 EXE IBIT PACKS WITNESS Year: 1941-42 Cabinet: TOJO REFERENCE that Japan liad been carrying out landing exercises on Hainan Island for some time. 9073 879-A On 16 December TOJO made a ministerial address to the Diet, stating that Japan owes the Army and Navy debts of gratitude and unbounded admiration for the demonstration of their great prowess. For years they had been silently pre- paring for this great day. 11308 1268 On 16 December FIDO stated in his diary that Prince Konoye visited him and expressed his feelings about political responsibility. KIDO asked him to be prudent. 11309 1259 On 18 December KIDO stated in his diary that the Chief of the Naval General Staff (NAGANO) reported to the palace the res-alts at Hawaii. 11315 1270-A Soon after 8 December, a collection of Essays on Problems of International Law related to the Greater East Asia War was prepared by a committee of well known Japanese inter- national lawyers in cooperation with, the Foreign Ministry. Amongst these was "A Report of Study concerning Hostilities on the Outbreak of War." It was delivered on 26 December. 12184 doWeerd In 1942 the Japanese initiated the AAA Movement, tho theme of which was Asia for the Asiatic. 13043 1339 In January Major G. L, Reinderhoff was taken prisoner by the Japanese in Tarakan. He states in his affidavit that he and two other Dutch officers were sent by the Japanese Commanding General to the Dutch Commander of Balikpapan. He was informed that if the oil works in Balikpapan were destroyed or a Japanese landing resisted, all soldiers and all Europeans of both sexes in Balikpapan would be killed. Matsumura stated in affidavit existence of plan of operation for 1942 against USSR which contained: 8141 Document No, 0001 Year: 1942 Cabinets TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE ariH.au> R&P'ruiNCE (l) general tasks of Kwantung Army; (2) distribution of . .1 iJ x'Vy strength; (3) tasks cf different fronts and armies. Plan was signed by UihSZU, Commander Kwantung Army, and others and witness stated it was not clear to him whether war against USSR would actually be carried on. 7352 677-., In the book "Thailand", of January, a map is shorn en- circling territory 'which Japan, expects to encompass under her control of the new East Asia, including Maritime Province, .deutians, Hawaiian Islands, Australia and New Zealand, 7532 706 According to Rod Army reports, the strength of the Kwantung Army on 1 January was established as 1,100,000 men strong, 22 times the strength in 1932 and 4 times the strength in 1937; 1000 tanks, 500 pieces of ordinance; 7 divisions; arid 1500 planes. 7348 675-"- Excerpt from .newspaper "Tokyo Dai Nippon" of 5 January states that Greater East Asia Sphere includes these coun- tries? Japan, Manchukuo, China, Soviet Far East, French Indo-China, Bun a, il day, Dutch East Indies, India, .Lfghanistan, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Philippines and islands of Pacific and Indian Oceans; they may not be included at once, but for purposes of defense Japan includes them in its sphere of influence. This article, 12021 675-A which is entitled "The Greater East Asia Sphere under Imperial Influence" by HASHIIDTQ goes on to state that careful consideration should be given to the divisions and administration of the countries in the Sphere, The principles tc be followed were independence to be given to each race in its proper place and incorporation into Japan for th se areas where the inhabitants have no -292- Document No. 0001 Year: JL942 Cabinet: TOJO IXHIBi:' PAGE WITNESS BEPERENCE i. .. capacity for independence or where the areas were of strategic importance. There should also he a supreme Council for the Greater East Asia Sphere undor Japan's leadership to he set up in Tokyo. The article advocatod the launching of anti-American and British movements and the development of superior races in preparation for the great future fight between white and colored raccs. 12024 1337 On 12 January there was a declaration by the Board of Information concerning the opening of hostilities against Netherlands forces. This stated that, in spite of the previous declaration of war on the United States and Great Britain, Japan had wished to avoid war against the Nether- lands East Indies, but Holland had notified Japan that, in view of Japan1s war against the United States and Great Britain, a state of war did exist between Japan and the Netherlands. In view of the need for protecting Japanese interests, therefore, Japan opened hostilities against the Netherlands forcos on 11 January. 6681 49 Cn 18 January a military agreement was signed by Germany, Italy and Japan in which the Axis, acting in the spirit of the Tri-Partite Pact, di"ided the world into zones of military operation. 7424 Excerpt from secret publication of the Institute of Total War of 27 January entitled, "Plan for Establishment of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere," defines extent of co-prosperity sphere as within limits of Pacific Ocean, Central Asia and Indian Ocean; plans for development of Manchukuo and fortifying it for military operations against US5E; plans for annexation of Soviet Maritime Provinces; provisions for Mongolian defense wall against USSR. -293- Document Ho. 0001 Year: 1942 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PACE WITNESS BEEEPENCE 12047 1340 On 20 January the Dutch Commander of the town of Balik- papan received from Captain Beinderhoff the Jap̂ -neea ..ultima,V He replied that he had received the necessary order and that the oil installation would he destroyed.. 12050 1341 On 24 January the Japanese occupied Balikpapan as is stated in the affidavit of J. T. Anstel. Cn 20 February it was pumourad that all Europeans would be murdered by the Japanese on 24 February and this was duly carried out, the number of Europeans killed being from 80 to 100. The native, population wan compelled to attend. 12023 1338—A On 22 January Foreign Minister TOGO made a spocch in the Diet. In this speech, TOGO stated that Japan's task was the emancipation and prosperity of East Asia and the sotting up of a new world order. The Axis connection had become increasingly tight and there was close economic, military and diplomatic cooperation. The neutrality Pact with the Soviet Union remained unchanged. Japan wished to keep on good terms with noutral statos but Japan was watching t?ie situation in South America. Japan had begun fighting against the Netherlands East Indies because Britain, Holland and Chungking had made the Netherlands East Indies their strategic base. TOGO then outlined the aim of the war, which was to establish the Co-Prosperity Sphere and decido the dostiny of all East Asia. It was, thorefore, natural that areas necessary for defending East Asia should b.- grasped by Japa.n. 12035 1338-B On 22 January TOJO made a speech in the Diet. TOJO stated that the cardinal principle for directing the war was to secure strategic points in Greater East Asia and -29 'If- Lecvne^; "v, <'.i l«»s.t ? 194*, Cabinet: TOJO EXELTIi PAGE VITAS GS REFERENCE gain control of areas containing important resources, to fight out the war until the United States and Britain were defeated. Japan would carry out aggressive operations closely with Germany and Italy. While Japan was pushing her military operations, she was engaged in establishing the East Asia Sphere. Japan would establish eternal peace in East Asia and construct a new world order absolutely indispensable for the defense of Greater East Asia. TOJO then enumerated the territories captured and outlined Japan1s intentions towards them. 12009 1336 On 27 January the Total War Research Institute drafted the basic plan for the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. It stated that the States, Citizens and Resources belonging to the Pacific, Central Asia and the Indian Ocean, \irere to be established as an autonomous zone on behalf of the peoples of East Asia. The area was to include Japan, Manchuria, North China, lower Yangtze River and the Russian Maritime Province. It was Japan's duty to be leader of this Union. There would be the Inner Sphero, vital for Japan. The Smaller Co-prosperity Sphere weulbe the smaller self-supplying Sphere of East Asia, and the Greater Co-prosperity Sphere would be the c:.l'~ supplying sphere and would include the smaller o-' p'.'ui Australia, India and the Islands in the Pacific. Tho points v" ioh should be made the primary starting point-; ft.*- j -,li+.i.(. i const, notion aore explained. 11339 1271 On 29 J...nv Of: x -po-'.ed to Ie?lii t ie various (7583) (806) speeches mdf? by TOTC , D 010 ano .Sl'ZUK'I at the Diet and Budgev Commib .lion re-.-.s nvly v'nich bronght f^rth many interesting and important aeslern". i »i.s concerning Japanese -295- Docuac.it Ho. 0001 Year: 1 42 Cabinet: TOJO EXENT. l̂ 1 PAGE WITNESS ;REFE3ENCE ains and the execution of tie war. Future moves towards the Netherlands Seat Indies, Australia and the Soviet are mentioned. The military occupation of the conquered countries is to "be a benevolent one. (Greater East Asia under Japanese management) and the main object to be the acquisition of sources of raw materials. The countries conquered, or to be conquered, were divided into groups: some (Hong Xong and Malaya) to remain in the possession of Japan, and others (Philippines and Burma) to bo granted independence on the model of Me.nch.ukuo if they cooperate with Janan; Netherlands East Indies, Australia and Chuneking, China, to be conquered if they persist in resisting. TOGO' stated relations towards Eussia to be unchanged, but very confidential information showed military preparations agai rt USES to be already underway in Manchuria. Japan must turn against Eussia, seize Vladi vostok, the coastal rovinces and North Sakhalin in order to feel secure in the north. 7349 676-A Article by Tanaka, Naokiti in paper "Osaka Ji Ji," dated 31 January, stated the purpose of Groat Union of Asia is first to unite morally Japan, China, and Manchuria under Japanese leadership; second, then include Thailand, Annan, Philippines and Pur ma; and third, to effect emancipation of Australia., India and Siberia. 7991 810 Excerpt from symposium of Institute of Total War en- \ titled, "Tne Program of Total War in the First Period," The Construction of East Asia" of February 1942. If prospect of peace between Germany and USSP. would causo Soviet alienation from England an 1 nmerica and thus reduce t. rent to Japan, Jap.: n would attempt to mediate, or she -296- Document Fo. 0001 Y-ar: 1942 Cabinet: TOJO SXHI3TT PAG? WITME3S EEFERMuE might threaten to attack Russia if Russia refuced to suspend hostilities. If war situation is unfavorable to Germany, no efforts will be made to bring about peace. 7S1G 731-A All Manchurian Extraordinary Congress of the Eyo-Wa-Eai (Gen eral UMEZU was present) was held on 8 February. UMEZU' s speech relates to Japan's aim to liberate East Asia from baneful influence of England and the United States and delegates must contribute to cause of national defense so Mppon might bs euro as far as rear is concerned. On 17 February TOJO resigned from Home Ministry, remaining Premier and War Minister. 7410 632 An extract from the plan concerning scope and structure of Greater East Asia Co-pi asperity Sphere of 13 February plans for German-Japanese occupation of Russia and Japanese counter plans to keep Slavs from German occupied territory out of Japanese sc-.ction of the USSR. 7430 689 A top secret publication of the Total War Research Institute dated 18 February entitled, "Outline of the First Period of the Total War for the Establishment of East Asia", introduced to show Japanese plans for war against USSR and capture of Soviet territory east of Lake Baikal. 8410 849 In March SATO in his epeech made clear that prior to 1341 Japan had expanded her production far in excess of need for China War, and had carefully gathered all controls in hands of government, effectively chaining all industry to the national policy of industrial preparation for a far greater conflict. 12150 de Weerd 7 March Japanese military neper currency was introduced and the guilder reduced to the value of the yon. -297- Document No. 0001 Year: 1942 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT RAGE WITNESS REFERENCE. 12053 1342 Tho discussion and agreement of the surrender of troops to 12064 in Netherlands East Indies to Japan wa3 conducted on 8 March. 12183 deWeerd On 20 March the Japanese prohibited discussion or activities in the organization and structure of government and certain Indonesian leaders were arrested. In December 1942 to January 1943 there was a large scale round-up of Indonesians and those who vers not executed or who did not die in prison remained in captivity until September 1945. 12140 de Weerd In April a ban on listening to the radio from outside Netherlands East Indies was enforced, and in July some persons who had listened to broadcasts and spread news wore sentenced to death by court martial. 12143 de Weerd In April all existing law courts were abolished and Ordinance Nos. 2 and 3 of March 1942, all meetings and associations were forbidden in the Netherlands East Indies. On 20 April SATO becamc Chief of the Military Affairs Bureau, War Ministry, MUTO being appointed Commander of the Imperial Guards Division. 12145 de Weera On 23 April the first daily newspaper in the Malay language appeared and all forms rf propaganda came under Japanese control. 7384 807 Tel ;gram from Ribbentrop to German Ambassador in Tokyo of 15 May stated that if Japan feels unable to capture Vladivw^ock and penetrate into Siberia successfully, without weakening her position against England and America (as in Burma), then she should maintain friendly attitude to Russia. By maintaining neutrality the risk of long-drawn out war and attack on Japanese home islands may be avoided. In short, a sudden and successful attack against Soviet Russia would be great boon for -293- Document No. 0001 Y~ar: 1942 Cabin-1: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS . REFERENCE her conduct of war, "but should only he undertaken if success can he assured. 11352 1272 On 17 May Ott cabled Ribbentrop suggesting that SUZUKI, SEEPATORI, Sugiyama, KIMURA, MUTU, SATO, Kasahara, andDOHIHARA be recommended for decorations by Germany, in view of the important contributions they had made towards German-Japanese cooperation, details being given in each case. On 29 May MINAMI was appointed a Privy Councillor. 12154 de Weerd On 1 Juno so-callod private estates in the Netherlands East Indies were appropriated without payment and public utilities seized. 7900 778 In a talk between Ribbentrop and OSHIMA on 24 June Ribbentrop stated that the strength of the Tri-Partite p wers had been in their offensive war. OSHIMA agreed and stated that neither he nor his government believed in defensive war, but that victory was based on further attacks. 5023 439 In Imperial Order 613 of 14 July it is shown that the Government had power to issue orders for supervision of enterprises of South Manchurian Railway; the Kwantung Army may direct military affairs concerning business affairs of company, - in wartime, may issue orders involv- ing business affairs of company. 12161 do Weerd On 5 August an entirely new system of local adminis- tration was sot up. The composition of the Administration Corps was later modified according to TOJO's promise but leading positions remained with the Japan se and they did net hand over authority until August 1945. Witness de Weerd then explained the reorganization of the Jud ic ial Syst e u. -299- Document No, 0001 Year: 1942 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT VI::I.-JJSS REFERENCE 11359 1273 KIDO related in his diary on 1 September that friction had arisen between TOJO and TOGO, who objected in principle to the establishment of the Greater East Asia Ministry. TOGO had been asksd to resign, and after intervention by SEIMADA had agreed to do so, thus averting a resignation of the Cabinet en bloc. On 1 September TOGO resigned; TOJO temporarily was also appointed Foreign Minister. On 1 October UMEZU, General, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army (previously Commander), 12070 587 On 9 October there was a meeting' of the Privy Council cn the Greater East Asia Ministry at which MINAMI, TOJO, E0SEIN0 and SUZUKI were present. TOJO made a report and explanation of the draft bill and made a statement to the offect that victory was an absolute necessity for Japan and that in order to achieve this the combined fighting power <-.f East Asia must be strengthened. It was, therefore, desired to establish a Ministry which should be known as the "Greater East Asia Ministry". TOJO then gave his opinion as to the effect of this on foreign countries which was that their misunderstanding would be solved since the draft aimed for the benefit for all, but that close attention should be paid to the alienation of the relative countries. At the fourth meeting of the Privy Council on 14 October, there were present MINAMI and SUZUKI, the question of naming the new Ministry, greater East Asia Ministry was discussed and SUZUKI approved of this name. The extranormal diplomacy with countries within the Sphere was discussed as well as the intimate relationship between foreign policy and -300- Document No. 0001 Year: 194-45 Cabinet: KGISO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE extra-normal diplomacy in the areas and it was decided that the new Minister should take charge. At the fifth meeting on 14 October, which MI11AMI attended, the relations of Japan with countries in the Sphere and the diplomacy to he used wan discussed. The overseas affairs would cone under the superintendence of the Foreign Minister. At the meetinn on 20 October, MINAMI, SHIMADA, and OKA. were present and at the 8th meeting on 21 October MINAMI, TOJO and OKA were present. Bccord of second conference of Privy Council attended by HOSHIKO, MINAMI, SUZUKI and TOJO on 12 October concerning Greater East Asia Ministry - excerot on Japan's plans for economic advancement by diplomatic means, last resort vrould be armed warfare, Greater East Asia Sphere defined as including Kwantung, South Sea Islands, Manchuria, China, Siam, French Indo-China and any now occupation aonvs resultin - from Greater East Asia War. 5136 90 Imperial Ordinance No. 704 of I November concerning establishment and organization of the Greater East Asia Ministry. Greater East Asia Ministry established to cxecute various political affairs concerning Greater East Asia protect commercial interests, affairs concerning Japanese subjects resident there. Document No. 0001 Year: 1942-43 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE 5191 456-A Extract from "Official Announcements Concerning Foreign Relations, - 1942", concerning East Asiatic Affairs refers to statement by Aoki, Minister of Greater East Asiatic Affairs on 1 November, concerning the establishment of Greater East Asia as a new order based on morality and righteousness, on basis of "Hakko Ichiu" (World Under One Roof). Necessary to win war and urgently required that nation's power be replenished and strengthened to do this by cooperating with high command. Hoped for cooperation from French Indo-China, China and Thailand. On 1 November Greater East .̂ sia Ministry was created; took over all duties of Overseas Ministry and Manchurian and China Affairs Boards and some of Foreign Ministry (reason for TOGO'S resigna- tion). On 25 November TOJO was also again appointed temporarily Home Minister. 8055 825 On 21 January 1943 the Board of Information announced the 50 conclusion of economic agreements between Germany, Italy and Japan; also they are considering an extension of the Tri-Partite Fact to enable three countries to prosecute war against their common enemy and promote permanent economic cooperation after the war. 7993 812-A Excerpt from record of Ribbentrop's talk with OSHIMA of 6 March in which the 1 itter reported to the German Foreign Minister that the Japanese Government did not feel strong enough to open up hostilities against Russia at that time as such action might endanger operations on other fronts. Germany points out that all forces under the Tri-Partite Pact should join forces against Russia as well as England and America; Japan should make full use of her strength now as Germany is already strained to the li at. If Germany becamj weak, Japan alone would face a world -302- Document No. 0001 Year: 1944-45 Cabinet: KGISO .EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFERENCE coalition of not only iiigland, America and Russia, but all bolshevizod Jurope. OSHIMA replied Japan did not have sufficient army and material to successfully engage Russia and also did not wish to split her Array. Japan would prejudice the southern front if she fought Russia. 12186 DeWeerd On 9 -•Nrch the "Futora" -••iover.ent was begun '//hose aim was to arouse tho strength of the people for victory, to establish a » nea Java, and eliminate occidental influences. On 11 March KEHJii'i was appointed a Supreme ;.'ar Councillor on resignation as Vice rfar iiinister. 7434 690-A Summarized Research Papers for Year 1942, published by the Research Institute cf Total War on 30 March 1943, introduced to show Japanese made plans for possible occupation of Siberia. 8174 839-a Talk between Reich Minister ond Ambassador OSHIMA of 18 April shows that Germany considers this the bejt time for Japan's assault on Russia, who was now weakened by assault from west. Germany estimates Russian force in Siberia as considarably less than Japan's estimate. OSHIMA did not know his Government's views on the subject and for the past 20 years Japan had been preparing to attack USSR. On 20 April SHIGi&.ITSU became Foreign J inister. On 1 May DOHBLJiA was appointed Commander of the Eastern District Army (in Japan) and a Supremo Nor Councillor. 11363 1274 On 13 J fay KIDO recorded that SHIGSiJTSU visited the palace and spoke of the critical situation in Germany. The overwhelm- ing of the Nasi Party by the Amy may cause a similar situation to that which arose ?t the end of the last war, and SHIGEMITSU suggested that a powerful person be sent from Japan to establish liaison between the two countries. Document No. 0001 Year: 1942-43 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS hiFEhENCE 12096 1345 On 16 June TOJO made a speech at the 62nd Session of the Diet and stated that Japan was making arrangements to launch decisive operations. TOJO then outlines Japan's intentions towards the populations of Mai-ay, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebe and other places. 7663 737 Conference of Kwantung Array Information Department at Harbin conducted on 16 June by Major General Doi, Chief cf Information Department, showing th-at the vnr of sabotage against the USSR was continued by Japan even in 1913 when Japan was bound by the Neutrality Pact. On 21 June N.;G.JJ0 became Supreme War Councillor and Admiral of Fleet. II364 1275 On 18 August a meeting of the Investigation Committee of the Privy Council was held to discuss the treaty between Japan and Thailand. MIN..MI, TOJO, SHIGEJITSU, SATO and OKA were present. This provided that Thailand should annex the Shan States from Burma and that although this was contrary to International Lav/, Japan would overcome the difficulty by releasing her military occupation and allowing Thailand to annex them. TOJO said Japan would recognize International Law as long as the enemy did so but would interpret it from the viewpoint of the war according to her own opinions. 12192 De Weerd On 5 September by Ordinance No, 3? the . dvisar System was sit up whi«.h was established to advise th'i Resident on local government- in the Netherlands East Indies, 8061 773-A Radio adoress by SHIGEMITSU on 27 September, the occasion of the second anniversary of the Tri-Partite Pact, which states that the Axis Alliance remains unshaken, despite British and American maneuvers to induce the Badcglio regime to fresh acts of betrayal, and the Fact of Alliance shines forth illuminating the road to victory. -304- Document No. COR . Year; 1943 Cabinet: TOJO AXH1EI? PAGE v'flANAA- MgSKENCE 12195 Devveerd In October an army of volunteers for the defence of the home- land was sot up to persuade the Indonesians to defend Java as part of the joint defence of Greater East Asia. On 8 October 'IOJO became temporarily also Commerce and Indus- try Minister. 5010 466 On 30 October a Pact of Alliance between so-called Republic of China and- Japanese was concluded. This effected non-validity of former treaty of 30 November 1940. 12103 1347-A On 5 November TOJO gave an address at the Assembly of the 12104 Greater S'.st Asiatic Nations in which he stated that a success- ful conclusion of the war meant the completion of the construc- tion of the new order. TOJO tT.en g^ve his views on the condi- tions necessary for world peace and the ties which bound the nations of Greater East Asia together. While the nations of the Sphere mutually recognise their autonomy and independence there must be mutual trust and cooperation. 12106 1344 un 5 November, at the time of the decision of the assembly 12107 of the Greater East '.siatic Nations, TOJO was in favor of in- 12332 dependence and was supported by the Foreign Minister, The Supreme Command and others, however, were against it ?nd it was finally decided that the territories should be incorporated. The Japanese Army on the spot was dissatisfied with the deci- sion but made no representations of their position. Soon after, 12232 DeWeurd Sukarno who visited Japan i.ftor the Conference, requested TOJO to grant East Indies their independence. The meeting got no definite reply. Later, SHlGEi 1 i ;r supported a reauest for the independence of the East Indies, «.t the first War Supervision Conference it wis decided to moke a statement of independence. The -Wavy still maintained such strong opposition that the pro- motion of independence was defe.-ved entirely so far as areas under the Navy's Administration were concerned. -305- Document No. 0001 Year: 1945 Cabinet: KOI JO, juzuRI (Kantaro) EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS INFERENCE 1 The Cairo Conference was hald on 1 December. 12178 Deweerd In Dacaubar an organization for tha training of the youth of Java was established. 7876 773 On 11 December SHIGSJITSU made a radio speech in which he accused England and the United States of baing "forces of aggression" and having boen driven out of East Asia during the past two years by the "irresistible might of the Japanese army and navy." 12138 DeWaerd By the end of 1943 it was stated by witness that all Occi- dentals not born in the Netherlands East Indies had ieen in- terned except people of 65 and over. All Occidental military personnel> some 45,000 man, were also interned. 12283 De»/eard In 1944, although witness did not see the atrocities to 1,200 Indonesians, he had learned of than from hundreds of reports and seen confessions by the Japanese chiefly respon- sible for them. 12213 Deufcerd During 1944, Japanese propaganda was increased and all ' sections of tha community were worked upon, using the slogan "Asia for the Asiatics" and an increase of tha campaign of hate against tha west. H367 1276 un 6 January KIDO discussed with his Chief Secretary measures Japan must take in the evant tha situation in Germany grows worse. Tha TOJO Cabinet, in their opinion, would not ba able to cope with the situation. A plan was envisaged for the settlement of the Pacific war by coming to an understanding with tha Allies which would not c 3 t jo drastic for Japan. In February TOJO bee.-...;; Chie*' of Army G?ner <1 Staff. On 19 Februaiy KAYA resign 3d and became Adviser to Finance Ministry. On 21 February SHL,i/:DA bxamv. ^iaj li :eneral Staff and Supreme War Co'mcillor« -306- Document No, 0001 Years 1944 Cabinet5 TOJO .EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS REFER fflJCE 122OS DeWeerd On 9 ̂ arch the "Putera" was officially dissolved and the corporation for communal services in Java, comprising all Asiatics, was installed. The organization was to enlist everyone in support of the military. The new organization abolished all others and anyone who attracted suspicion was tortured. On 22 -/larch DCHIHuiit. become Commander-in-Chief of 7th ...rea Army in Malaya. 8062 827 On 15 April Prima Minister TOJO made a speech at a meeting of j.±xed specialists' commission< convened in accordance with the provisions of the Tri-Partite Pact, in which he stated that although the allies were hammering tho .ocis powers in East and Western Europe, firm conviction of victory still re- mains. Japan's solid camp has not even shown the slightest stir. Despite separation of western .and far eastern battle- fields, close concert must be maintained between Axis powers and Japan must smash all plots to segregate Japan from other Axis nations. On 2 June H .TA became Field Marshal. 4848 350 Witness Wang Shi Ziang stated in his affidavit that on 4 July Japanese Kojo troops arrived in the village of Hiang Doong of the Shan District and subsequently indulged in arson, robbery, slaughter and other atrocities. 11372 1277 On 17 July an unofficial Senior Statesman's Council was 1278 held at HIR ilUMA's house to discuss the reorganization of the Cabinet. HIRQTA and Yonai declined to jcin the TOJO Cabinet (Yonai had been asked by 0101 .and SATO) and Wakatsuki stated that the present Cabinet had lost the sympathy of the public and the situation was serious. Decision: "to build a powerful national cabinet which will surge forward unswervingly." -307- Doeutonb No, 0001 FAGE EXHIBIT JESS 11377 1278 11381 1279 11383 1280 12216 DeWeerd 1352 Year: 3r44 Cabinet: TOJO, KOISO REFERENCE On 18 JuDy KIDO reported the meeting of the 17th to the Emperor. TOJO informed KIDO that ha had decided on a resig- nation of the Cabinet en bloc. On 18 July UMEZU became Amy Chief of Staff; OKA became Vice Navy Minister. At .an official meeting of the Senior Statesmen convened by KIDO, a long discussion centered round the reconciliation of differences between the Array and Navy. HIiiDTA proposed the Imperial Prince, HlkJNTJMA objected and insisted on a military man, so did KIDO. ffakatsuki several times suggested Ugald. but got no support, axe >pt from Konoye. HIiiDTA said the prosecution of the war was first and foremost and no one dissented. They recommended Terauchi, KOISO or HATA. On TOJO's advice the iiaperor selected KOISO. On 19 July Konoye suggested to KIDO the new Cabinet should be a coalition between KOISO ana Yonai; KIDO agreed to this proposal. On 20 July the Senior Statesmen met and KIDO explained the development regarding the coalition. KOISO and Yonai were ordered by the Emperor to form a Cabinet. Cn 22 July KOISO became trine Minister; SHIGEMITSU remained Foreign Minister and became Great East Asia Minister; TOJO, SUZUKI and HOSHINO lost Cabinet office. On 2 August SHIM ADA ceased to be Chief of Naval Oreneral Staff and became Supreme War Councillor. On 30 august KIMUnA became Commander-in-Chief, Burma Army. In September an order from the Chief of Staff of the 16th Army stated that based on KuISO's proclamation on granting ^ independence of the East Indies the Army would meet the situati n with certain stipulations. The interpretation of -308- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS Year: 1944 Cabinet: TOJO, KOISO 12109 1348 12110 12226 DeWeerd KEFEHENCE independence and the time that it would come into operation were set forth. On 2 September the Minister concerned proposed that the policy in regard to the independence of the East Indies was to announce that the East Indies would be made independent in the future. The Navy's approval was reserved. The form and tine of independence would be determined separately. The measures to be taken in Java were then set forth. 3703 277 On 5 September KOISO made a speech before the 35th Diet 12215 DeWeerd Session, on the occasion of his appointment as Premier. On 7 September KOISO's promise that the East Indies would have independence, although it was not made clear what region, was announced in Javr., In this he said that the matter would be a link in the Co-Prosperity Sphere and contribute to the development of Greater East Asia under Japan's leadership. At the same tine the 16th ,irmy was instructed to advise the Vfer Ministry as to the areas to be declared independent and the time when it would be put into operation. On 7 September an order from the Military Administration stated that the policy was to promote racial consciousness and incite feeling against the United States and Great Britain Measures for independence would be left to the Army. Un 5 October ISJT0 became Chief of Staff to Tamashita, 14th Area Army (Philippines). Discussion took place between 1£ENAMI and Tanaka on 19 November, regarding the dissatisfaction in Mongolia - Tanaka asked MINIMI to become President of a Mongolian Society. MINIMI refused on grounds of his being a Privy Councillor. On 22 November HATA became Director-General of Military Education. -309- 12221 DeWeerd 1353 2143 Tanaka Document No. 0001 Year: 1944-45 Cabinet: KGISO EXHIBIT îlGii WITNESS INFERENCE 0O65 828-A A telegram was sent by SHIGEMITSU to Ribbentrop on 11 December (contained in copy of Nippon Times of 12 December). This telegram stated the determination of Axis to fight for common idea of establishing new order. Japan has faith in Europe's salvation by Germany and Italy and is confident of victory of Japan in Far East, and as long as the Axis is xinited there is no doubt of successful outcome of the war. In December, S.i.10 became Deputy Chief of Staff, China Expeditionary Force. 5026 439 At Shareholders Extraordinary General Meeting of Southern Manchurian Railway cn 20 January, it was decided to allot the Manchukuo Government 175,000,000 yen (in addition to 50,000,000 yen of 2 January 1930) and issue 3,5<X 000 shares for thorn. 8067 829—A 3HIGEMITSU made a speech at the 86th Diet Session on 21 January, saying that the combination between Japan and her \llies was becoming firmer and firmer, and that it is their sacred mission to continue fighting to make clear and accom- plish common war aim, of international justice in war of self- oxistonce and self-defense, (This shows the tenacity in the realization of the aims of the conspiracy and the unity in aggressive war, despite fact that it was only three months prior to Germany's unconditional surrender.) 7166 661 On 1 February "Measures towards French Indo-China to meet the sudden change in the situation" were decided at the Supreme War Leadership Council. '"!65 662 Telegram from Saigon, Ambassador Matsumoto to SHIGJLTTSB dated 3 March, referred to the ultimatum to be handed to the Governor-General of Indo-China, with a view to placing the whole of French Indo-China under the Japanese Army Control. On 5 March KIMUAA became General. -3IO- Document No. 0001 Year: 1942-43 Cabinet: TOJO EXHIBIT • - • id'-I-i' >2 REFERENCE 7177 663 Ambassador Matsumcto visited Governor-General of French Indo-China on 9 March, and requested strengthening of common defense of French Indo-China by France and Japan, in view of possibility of American landings. France rejected the proposal and so the Japanese therefore set about disarming French troops and using force. 7183 664 Proclamations were issued by the Japanese on 10 March, relating to measures Japanese took to obtain control of military and .administration of French Indo-China. Orders were issued to civilians regarding behaviour, and the fact was impressed upon them that this "coup" was merely directed against the anti-Japanese Government and not the people as a whole. 11385 1281 On 4 April KIDO reported In his diary that KOISO stated his intention to resign. KIDO suggested he postpone it until next day in order to give the Emperor time to consider and he agreed. 54 USoIi denounced the Neutrality Pact on 5 April. 11390 1282 KIDO stated in his diary of 5 April that KlISO teniered his resignation because Cabinet must be strengthened in view of war situation and it was to be .announced that night. KIDO first interviewed (among ethers) UHEZU, who stressed need of fighting it out to the bitter end, and need of a special cabinet for that purpose. He then called a Senior Statesmen's Conference. TOJO said there was now a section of opinion in 1 favour of accepting unconditional surrender and demanded a decision on that. HIRANUIIi said several times that Japan must fight to the bitter end, HIBQTA agreed and was hopeful of victory. No one expressed dissent openly. HIRANUMA wanted to recommend cabinet members as well as the Premier. He -311- Document No. 0001 Year: 1945 Cabinet: KOI JO, juzuRI (Kantaro) SXHIPJX i -Ojs ••-"Ii: RJFi'RHIC-3 finally suggested a4.ii.ral Suzuki Kantaro, President of the Privy Council, who spoke of being prepared to die fighting for the Etaparor ana country'. KIDO supported and he was recommended. TOJO suggested that if the army was ret snhisfiec it might "stand aloof" — to the general indignation, On 7 April Suzuki became Prime Minister; TOGO again became Foreign Minister, Greater East Asia Minister and Supreme War Councillor; ô T0_, Lt. General in command of the 37th Division in Indo-China ana (later) Siam; DOHIrLiKA became Chief In- spector of Military Training ana again Supreme War Councillor; IT'iGAKI, General, Commander-in-Chief 7th Army (Malaya); HATA, Commander-in-Chief 2nd Army, On 9 April HliaUhMA again became President of the Privy Council. 7193 665 On 11 April the Provisional Government of French Republic issued a warning to the Japanese Government concerning the treatment of French and Allied nationals in French 1 lao-China, any people who permit or perform injuries to nationals will be considered as war criminals. 7179 663 On 15 May the Japanese troops in French Indo-China finished the "mopping up" and armed operations against French troops in French Indo-China, although in vie.v of activities of Viet Nam Party, Japanese were forced to employ considerable strength in cleaning this up until the surrender. 12234 DeWeerd On 15 May Marshal Terauchi's Headquarters requested views on independence and on May 25 a meeting was called of all Chiefs of Staff at Singapore. Recognizing that the war was going against Japan, it was decided to allow Java to study preparations for independence, but the territory was narrowed do™ to Java as the naval territories were not represented at the Conference. -312- Document No. 0001 EXHIBIT PAGE WITNESS 12121 1350 12115 1349 12236 DeWeerd 12237 DeWeerd 64 12241 DeWeerd Year: 1945 Cabinet! Suzuki (Kantaro) REFERENCE On 17 July there was a Decision of the Supreme War Plans Council No. 27 regarding the measures for the East Indies independence stating that preparations for independence should be hastened. The area to bo independent was the Netherlands East Indies ana the independence as a new nation would be proclaimed as soon as preparations were completed. In areas where prep .rations wore not complete, steps would be taken to transfer them by degrees to the jurisdiction of tho new nation. On 17 July, in the Data for Foreign Minister's explanation on measures for Netherlands East Indies independence, move- ments widen had existed in the East Indies since the Dutch occupation had cooperated wholeheartedly with the Japanese in the expectation of realizing that independence. Tho Greater East Asia Joint Declaration was issued in November 1943 and this clarified Japan's position with regard to the independence of each country in Greater East Asia, and Japan considered it proper to carry out the spirit of this declara- tion. On 17 July tho Supreme War Direction Council decided to grant independence to the East Indies as soon as possible to comprise all Netherlands East Indies. The Potsdam Declaration was signed on 26 July. On 7 August, on orders from Tokyo, Terauchi set up a preparatory committee for independence. . USSR declared war on Japan on 8 August. On 9 August Terauchi received three leading nationalists and transmitted to them the contents of the Imperial Decree. Tho decree stated that Japan was setting up a committee to prepare for the independence of the Netherlands East Indies. -313- P >cuncnt No. 0001 Year: 1945 Cabinet: Suzuki (Kantaro), Higashikuni, Shidehnra EXHIBIT PAGL3 aimSSS REFERENCE The day uf independence was to be decided by Japan end the Gov -rnment would bo installed first in the place where prepara- tions wore complete and other areas would follow when they were ready. 11323 1283 On 9 August KIDO recorded in his diary that Premier Suzuki informed him that the supreme War Guidance Council had de- cided to accept the Potsdam Declaration with four reservations- (1) preservation of the Imperial Dynasty; (2) Independent evacuation of troops; (3) handling in- our own country of persons responsible for the war; end (A) no guarantee occupa- tion. 3 The Japanese qualified acceptance of -10 August contained only the reservation with regard to the Saperor. 4 The Allies replied on 11 August. 5 Final Japanese acceptance was 14 August. 12242 DoWeerd On 14 August 2 Committee was formed with representatives from the various areas and the first meeting was fixed for 19 iiUgUSt. On 15 August they were secretly informed cf Japan's capitulation. Japan's defeat was kept secret until 21 August. On 17 -.ugust Frince Higashikuni became Prime Minister; SHIGELalTSU again became Foreign Minister, Greater East Asia Minister and Supreme War Councillor. On 25 August DGHULJiA became Commander-in-Chief 12th Area ..my,, and again of Eastern District Army (japan), and Supreme War Councillor. 6 The Instrument of Surrender was signed 2 September On 9 October Shidehara became Prime Minister. 7 The Moscow Conference Agreement was signed 26 December. -314- AT-peiidix a._ The following'phases of the Prosecution Case are not fully dealt with in the Summa_y, oning to their general character. Oral testimony relating to there and other phases is only covered so far as it records a dated event. The following Exhibits are not referred to for the above -oason. There ai"; also a number of Exhibits mentioned in the Summary 'iich bear upon phases in adlition to those in which they were introduc- I. 1. "reaties; Exhibits 12 ~ 35* 2. " oanese 'cnrtitution; "Record pp.517 - 68^. Exhibits 68-99, 3. Prepâ . - Japanese opinion for war; Record pp. 807 - 1678. Exhibits 1 , ( Q f vhich only 135-8, 141, 148, 15.L, 155, 1&3 are mentioned in th- Summary), 182, 267, 4. narcotics; Eecord pp. MX)?~kli22r i&J-l&k, 4993- Exhibits: 17 , 345J 372-2',35,'all of which are mentioned in the Summary except 17, 389. 401-4, ':-l6t 423(2), 429, 430-2, 434-5. 5. Economic A-^-'ssj on in Chir i (including lianchuria); Record pp. 4999- 535c» Exhibits 43 6-471* 474, of which the following are omitted from the Summary, 441, A 7-8, 454A, 467 - 472, 474. 6. Preparations f <-.„.• '.for: Record pp. 8182 - 9263. Exhibits 840-919, of nich the following are omitted from the Summary, 843-8, 854-5, 858-60, 8 6, 869, 30-}08, 913-13. 7. lass E 0 Offonc-es; (a) in China: Record pp. 2527-2708, 3353- 342 , 4455-4734: Exhibits 204-10, 213, 249 - 54, 306-347. (b) Elsc.here: Record pp. 5351-5847: Exhibits 472 , 473, 475 "6( col. Wild) Record pp. 11403-11528 (It. Col, Coates), II529-II65I (Brig. Blackburn), (c) All evidence given after December 10th, 1946. I. In addition the following Exhibits, dealing generally with other phase's, "Save b .en emitted or only incidentally mentioned: 174-6, 199-201, 220, 221, 22;5, 247, 267, 275, 377, 339, 666, 668-70, 678-81, 683, 685, 6 9 1 - 7 0 , 707-18, 722-30, 732-3, 735, 738-43, 750, 755, 763-5, 311, 813, 815-24. 831, 835-0, 1029, 1104-6, 1249, 1253-5, 1265, 1342, 1351 III. The following is a list of extracts (in order of date) from -315- "Eoreign Relations Series, United States anu Japan" (Exhibit 58), which relate to the negotiations in 1941, the break-down of which led to the Pacific War.- "Xhibits 1059, lo6o, 106lr 1070, 1071, 1074, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 10.. 1, IO83, IO85, 1037, 1091, 1092, 1245A (comparison of 1070 and 1092), 1102, 1245b-I inclusive, 1215, 1245J, 1221, 1245k, 12J2, (124G, 1247» put in by Defence from pearl Harbour Report Exhibit 174). Affidavits and statements Exhibits* Hull llOo, pallantine 1245» Grow 1105 ani 1224, Graigie 123 6, Byrnes 1233, Sargent 1231.APPENDIX B The folloT/in；^ rages contain under the name of eac' a c c u w l , v.here applicable: 1 . A l l the pages of the Surmnary on which he is naned. 2. A. "1.isiJ て some of the offices, etc., held 、:_ him, with the dates, and '"tLe pages of the Pir-narv recording tha events of that per 7 ' J . (•: ,o degree of his responsibility fOu all or sorae of those events will- of couri o vary greatly with the circumstances both ci the office and of the events.) 3. The exhibit numbers of extracts from his interrogation. 4. . レrid writings (other thar corres一 por"lence) by him. 5. Decor t-'.ons which he is recorded to have /ceived in res-oect of specific matters dealt with in the Summary. . -317- ARA'rrI 1 . P ? g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 3 , 1 3 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 23， 24， 26， 45, 55, 56, 7 1 , 7 3 , 74, 80. 83， 84, 88, 92，106, 136, 1 5 3 , 2 3 5 , 256. 2. Offices, etc., with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 103.) Offices, etc. ハJar Minister Cabinet Councillor Education Minister Dates 13 Dec 1931-23 Jan 193^ 15 Oct 1937-26 May 1938 26 May 1938-30 Aug 1939 (Also Pres. General Nat- (28 Mar-3〇 Aug 1939) ional Mobilization Committee) Cabinet Councillor 1 Dec 1939-3 Au^ 1940 Pages 13-24 55-71 71-100 (92-100) 106-136 3. Extracts from his interrogation are Exhibits: 187A-W,188A-E, 229. 4 . Speeches and writings by irVm ore F^'JrLbits 148A, 760, 5. Created baron 26 Fov D0FIKA3A 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 3 , 1 0 , 1 1 ， 1 2 , 1 5 , 1 7 ， 24, 35， 43, 45, 72，103, 114, 153, 210， 255, 299, 303， 307,312, 314. 2. Offices, etc., with dates and pages of the Summary; (See Exhibits 102 and 104) Offices, etc Colonel employed by Chinese Government Dates Pages 17 胞r 1928-15 Mar 1929 1 Attached Army General Staff Attached H. Q. Kwantung Army Major General attached H.Q. Kr.antung Army Lt. General i/c 14th Division Attached General Staff Commander ^th Army Supreme War Councillor Chief of Air Inspectorate Gen- eral 22 Dec 1930-1 Aug 1931 2 1 Aug 1931-11 Apr 1932 2-17 16 Oct 1933-7 liar 1936 24-35 1 Ifer 1937-18 Jun 1938 43-72 18 Jun 1938-19 May 1939 72-96 19 May 1939-9 Jun 194-1 96-210 28 Sep 1940 153 9 Jun 19^1-1 iiay 1943 210-303 Commander Eastern District 1Ifey 1943-22 Ifer 19^4 303-307 Army in Japan Commander 7th Area Army in Malaya 22 Ifer 194-4-7 Apr 1945 307-312 Chief, Inspectorate General 7 Apr 25 Aug 1945 312-314- of Military Training Commc.Rder 12th Area Army 25 Aug-14 Sep 194-5 314 3. Decorated 29 April 1934 for services in 1931-4 "incident"; also 29 April 1940 for services in the China "incident". Recommended 17 May 1942 for German decoration (Exhibit 1272). -319- FASHIMOTO 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 1，2， 3， 5， 9， 4 1 , 4 5 , 58, 9 1 , 1 1 4 , 256， 292. 2. Offices, etc., with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibit 105). Offices r etc. Dates Pages Major, Military Attache, Embassy in Turkey Lt. Colonel, Member Army- General Staff Colonel,Commander 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Commander 13th Heavy Field Artillery in China ' 28 Sep 1927-30 Jun 1930 1 3 Jul 1930-12 Dec 1931 2-13 1 Aug 1934-1 Aug 1936 26-39 before December 1937- 9 Mar 1939 57-91 3. Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit 258. 4. Extracts from his writings and speeches are Exhibits: 177A, 264, 675-A, 866， 1290. 5. Decorated 29 April 1934 for services "disturbances" and 29 April 1942 for China "disturbances". in the 1931-4 services in the -320- EAT：'：- 1 . P a ' - o s of tho Surmnary on which he is named s 3, :,9，45，52, 65, 67, 96，100, 114, 129, 131, 132， 1 3 3 ， , 1 8 4 , 255， 307， 309, 312. 2. Offices, ;itc., with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 106). Offices, etq, Lt. General,Inspector of Artillery Commander 14th Division (also Cabinet Councillor) Comiri-arer in Chief Expedi- t ionar;； Vorce to China Kilitar, Councillor Chief A.D»C. to the Snperor ”/ar Minister Military Gouncillor C -in-C Sx-ooditioへ.ry Force to Nov.1944 Field Marshal Inspector General of Ililitary Fducation Dc.tes Pages 1 Aug 1931-lAug 1933 2-23 1 Aug 1933-2 Dec 1935 23-33 33-39 39-50 52-65 (13 Dec 1937-14 Feb 1938)(58-6ヲ） 14 Fob 1938-15 Mar 1938 65-67 15 Mar 1938-25 Fay 1939 67-96 25 May-30 Aug 1939 96-100 30 Aug 1939-22 Jul 1940 100-132 22 Jul 1940-1 Mar 194-1 132-184 China 1？Jar 1941-22 "184-309 2 Jun 1944 22 Nov 194-4-7 Apr 1945 309-312 Chief, Army Air For.” ： 2 Dec 1935-1 Aug 1936 quarters Commander, Formo; ">n Army 1 Aug 1936-2 Aug 1937 In:ヴ.ctor General of Lilitory 26 Aug 1937-14- Feb 1938 Edi. '...tion and Military Councillor 3. Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit 2^0. 4. Decorated 29 April 1934- for services in the 1931-4- "incident" and 29 April 1941 for services in the ';hina "affair". -321- HIR/'FJM 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 2， 3 , 1 9 , 30, 32， 35, 40, 42, 45, 56, 80, 83， 88, 91, 95，100， 127, 132, 154, 168, 170, 172， 173, 174, 178, 180, 181, 184, 185, 186, , 1 9 8 , 199 , 2 0 0 , 2 0 1 , ,202 ，203, 206, 209, 211， 213， 215. ，216， 217 ’ 218 ,219： ’ 227 ’ 255， 273, 307， 308， 311， 312, • 2. Offices, etc., with dates (See Exhibits 102 and 107 Office, etc. Vice President, Privy Council President, Privy Council (also Cabinet Councillor) Premier Minister of State Eome Minister Minister of State President, Privy Council and pages of the S u m a r y : ) Dates Pages 12 Apr 1926-13 Mar 1936 1-35 13 Mar 1936-5 Jan 1939 35-88 (6 Apr 1936-5 Jan 1939) (36-88) 5 Jan-30 Aug 1939 88-100 6-21 Dec 1940 166-168 21 Dec 1940-17 Jul 1941 168-227 18 Jul-17 Oct 1941 227-255 9 ADr-15 Dec 1945 312-314- 3 . Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit ?6B. 4. Granted set of gold cups 29 Apr 1934. -322- HIROTA 1 .？ a g e s of the Summary on v/hich ha is named ； 3 , 1 4 , 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35， 36, 39, 40, 42， 45， 5 1 , 5 2’ 5.3，55，56, 57, 60，61，62，64，65，68，70, 71, 8 0 , 1 1 1 , 132， 136， 154, 227, 255, 273, 307， 308, 311. 2. Offices, e t c” r;ith dates and pages of thG Summary: (See Exhibits 102 c.nd 108.) Office Dates Pages Ambassador to USSR 15 Oct 1930-19 I :ov 1932 2-20 Foreign Minister 14 Sop 1933-2 Apr. 1936 24-36 Premier 9 Mar 1936-2 Feb 1937 36-42 Foreign Minister 4 Jun 1937-29 May 1938 45-71 Cabinet Councillor 13 I'fcr-•3 Aug 1940 III-I36 3. Speech by him is Exhibit 972-G. 4 . Decorated 29 April 1934 for services in the "Showa 6-7 Incidont," and 2 Nov 1938 for services ro the Anti-Comintern ？act. -323- HOSHINO 1 . P a g e s of tho Summary on which he is named s 3，18， 20， 37, 45,114， 133, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 172， 1 9 5 , 200， 2 5 5 , 260, 2 7 5 , 2 7 7 , 282, 300, 3 0 1 . 2. Offices, etc., with dates c.nd pr.ges of the Sunniarv: (See Exhibits 102 and 109.) Office Dates Pages Chief of General Affairs 17 Jul 1932-16 Dec 1936 19-41 Manchukno Chief of General Aff-.irs 16 Dec 1936-21 Jul 194-0 41-132 Manchukuo ？resident, Planning Board and 22 Jul 1940-4 Anr 1941 132-195 Minister of State (also Acting Director of the (16 Oct 1940-11 Jan 1941)(160-169) Total War Strength Experiment- al Station) Councillor of the Totr.l War 2 I'-y 1941-22 Jul 1944 200-308 Strength Experimental Station (Member National Mobilization (12 Jul巧 Nov 1941) (224-260) Investigation Corariittee) Chief Secretary of Cabinet rぶ.118 Oct 1941-22 Jul 1944 255-308 Minister of State 3. Extracts from his interrcgi.tlo - are Exhibits ： 453A, 454A. 4. Decorated 23 and 29 April Feb 1937 for services in 1940 for services in the 1931-4 "affair", China "affair". -324- 'T Pages of "»，.•つ S11/ ハ!"一 on 'vbich he is named ： 3, 5，12,1、28, 3?, 43, 45, 72, 80，83, 84, 85, 88, 91 95，154, 223, 255， 312. Offices, ei c., v/ith dates and pages of the Summary： (See Exhibits 102 and 110). Offices, etc. Various posts on Si: of Xr/p.ntung Army (Colerr?ニ rising to Lt. Genei-al), (ri' .ng to Chief of St だ） Attached Army General Staff T7ar Mi"ister and President MancM-.^ian kfi airs Board D-̂ .tes 14 fey I929-.I Kar 1937 3 5 3 2 2 /• ;Jar 1936-1 Mar 1937) Llay 1937-3 Jun 1938 Jun 1938-30 Aug 1939 Pages 1-43 (35-43) 45-72 72-100 General,Comraarler Korean A m y 7 ComEr.nde：''1 7th Army (Malaya) 7 July 1941-7 Apr 19巧 223-312 Apr 1945-2 Sep 194-5 312で314 0 J Speech by- is Exhibit 761. 4. Decorated 29 :nril 1934 i、or services in the 1931-4 "war" 7 Jul 1937 bi';her docoration for same service, and 29 April 194-0 . Ci： service? in the China ni7-..r". -325- KliYA 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is ramed: 3, 42, 43, 45， 56, 7 1 , 7 3 , 9 9 , 1 5 4 , 255， 257， 258, 260， 275， 276, 277， 287， 288， 289， 306. 2. Offices, etc。, with .dates (See Exhibits 102 and 111 Office_s Secretary and other posts in Finance Ministry Vice Minister of Finance r.nd Member of many official com- mittees including Opium Finance Minister Adviser to Finance Ministry President, North China Deve- lopment Company Finance Minister Adviser to Finance Ministry and pages of the Summary: ) Dates Pages 10 lifer 1930-2 Feb 1937 1-42 2 Feb 1937-4 Jun 1937 42-45 4 Jun 1937-26 May 1938 45-71 1 Jul 1938-14 Aug 1939 73-99 14 Aug 1939-18 Oct 1941 99-254 18 Oct 1941-19 Feb 1944 254-306 4 Ho.r 1944-29 Sev 1945 307-314 3. Decorated 29 April 1934- for services in the 1931-4 "incidents". -326- Pages ； o f the Surimary on v;h:'-ch he is named: ^ 1 ？ 5, ？, 8, 9, 46 い55 ， 6 0 , 71, 80, 99, n e i, 1 2 1 , 125 , 126, 127, 128, 130, i• 0 丄-;••"ラ 133, 145 ， W , 153, 154, 174, 195, 200, 209， 213, 215, 216 5 217, 218 , 2 1 9 , 222, 226, 227, 232， 234, 240ラ 245, 2A-6, 247, 248 , 2 4 9 , 251, 252, 253， 254， 255， 256, 257, 262, 26?, 271, 273 , 2 7 4 , 277， 278, 2:82， 286， 287, 291, 300, 303, 306, 308, 311 ？ 3丄ど？ 314. 2. etc,, with datas and pr.gss of the Sunmary： Offices, (See Exhibits 102 and 112バ Offices Dates Pag..cs 2 8 O c t 1930-22 O c t 1 9 3 7 2 - 5 5 Chief Secretary to Lord Keeper of Privy Seal Education Minister Welfare Minister (concurrent ’arrcil 26 May 1938) Home Minister Lord Keeper of Drivy Seal 22 Oct 1937-26 May 1938 55-71 11 Jan 1938-5 Jan 1939 60-88 5 Jan 1939-30 Aug 1939 88-100 1 Jun 1940-10 Oct 1945 118-314 3. Extracts from his diary (Exhibit 178) are Exhibits (in order of date): 179A, B, F , G, C, E, D，H, R，I, J, K, L, M, ？了，0，P, Q， 775 ? 619, 1294, 532, 534, 539, 1298， 626， 627, 643, 1303, 781， 1093, 1094, 1095, 1125，1129, 1130, 1134-, 1147, 114-9,1150, 1151, 1190, 1196,1198, 1210， 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1058， 1065, 1066, 1084, 1089, 1090, 1098, 1108, 1112, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1135, 1138, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1146, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1162, 1168, 1181, 1220, 1239, 1268, 1269, 1273, 1274, 1280. 12.81， 1282, 1283, 1295. 4. Decorated 29 April 1934- for services in 1931 一 4 "affair". -327- KII.iURA 1 . P a g e s of the Fiu;.mnry on which he is named 3， 39， 4 6 , 1 1 4 , 154, 164， 197, 201, 255， 268, 299， 303 308, 310. 2. Offices, etc., with dates (See Exhibits 102 and 113 Offices Colonel,CoHiinander 22nd Field Artillery- Ma jo r-General ,Director of Ordinance and pages of the Summary: Dates Pages 1 Aug 1931-8 Aug 1932 2-19 1 Aug 1936-9 Mar 1939 39-91 Lt. General,Commander 32nd Division Member of Japan.： se-Manchurian Committees Vice War Minister Councillor, Planning Board, Total町ar Strength Institute, etc. C-in-C Burma Area Army 9 Har 1939-7 Nov 1940 91-164 7 Nov 1940-10 Apr 1941 164-197 197-303 30 Aug 1944-2 Sep 1945 308-314 10 Apr 1941-11 Mar 1943 3. Decorated 29 Aisril 19J4 for services in the 1.931-4- "incident", and 29 April 1942 for services in the China "incident". Recommended 17 llfey 194-2 for German decoration. (Exhibit 12'72). -328- KOI SO 1 . P a g e s of the Fiu;.mnry on which he is named 1 6 , 1 8 , 1 9， 20, 25, 33 ？03, 309， 311. 46, 9 4 , 1 0 7 , 125, 154, 255, 2. Off'oes, etc., with dates (See Exhibits 102 and 114 Qffio'P I.fejor General,Director, ^.r Service Bureau,フ:ir ilir"1. stry, and Chief Secretary, Si: pro me •War Council and pages of the Summary： Dates Pages 21 Aug 193C-29 Feb 1932 1-16 Lt, Generai, Vice 了,ar Llinister 29 Feb - 8 Aug 1932 Chief of Staff, TCマant:上：An.:：' 8 Aug 1932-5 Mar 1934 Commander, 5th .,)ivision Ccnraander, —:orenn Army General,C—erseas Minister General,Overseas Mnister Gov(.._ nor-General of Korec. Preffl f 5 Mar 1934-2 Ejc 1935 2 Dec 2.935-15 Jul 1938 7 A^r-30 Aug 1939 16 Jan-22 Jul 1940 29 May 1942-22 Jul 1944 22 Jul 194-4-7 Apr 1945 16-19 19-25 25-33 33-74 94-100 107-132 298-308 308-312 0 J Spe-、c、by liin is Exhibit 277. 4. Decor .md 29 April 1934 for services in 1931-4 "affair1 -329- MATSUI 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 3 , 1 2 , 1 3， 22, 23， 46， 52, 56, 58, 67， 74, 9 7 , 1 1 4 . 154， 255. 2. Offices, etc., with dates and pages of the Suraraary: (See Exhibits 102 and 115). Offices Lt. General, Commander, 11th Division Plenipotentiary to the Geneva Conference (concurrently Army General Staff) Supreme War Councillor General,Conmandar Shanghai Expeditionary Force Commander Chine. Expeditionary Force Cabinet Coiincillor Dates Pages 1 Aug 1929-1 Oct 1931 1-8 9 Doc 1931-4 Feb 1933 12-21 (1 Oct 1931-18 Il-r 1933) (8-22) 18 Mar 1933-15 Aug 1937 22-52 15 Aug-30 Oct 1937 52-56 30 Oct 1937-5 Mar 1938 56-67 20 Jul 1938-23 Jan 1940 74-107 3. Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit 257< April 1934 for services in 1940 (with 1st class Order for services in China l,ii：lcidentl,. 4. Decorated 29 and 29 April 1931-4 "war" of Golden Kite) - 3 3 0 - MINAMI 1.P.ages of the SuiTinary on which he is named ； 2, 4, 6 , 1 3 , 1 6， 21，23, 35, 39, 46, 8 5 , 1 5 4 , 255, 299, 300, 301, 304, 309. 2. Offices, et2 ,, with dates (See Exhibits 102 and 117 Offices General,War Minister Suprerae War Councillor (also Cabinet Councillor) Comnander, Kw? ntung Army, snd Ambassador to Manchukuo Governor-Generr.l of Chosen Privj'' Councillor 3. Speech "by .him is Exhibit : and pages cf the Sumnary: ) Datj^ Pâ ej-; 14- ijpr-13 Dec 1931 2-13 13 Dcc -1931-10 Dec 1934 13-28 (9 Fab 1933-10 Dec 1934) 2] -?8 10 Dec 1934-6 Maマ1936 28.-35 5 Aug 1936-1 Apr 1939 39-93 29 l&y 1942-29 Mar 1945 299-311 .85 (see also 184). 4. Decorated 29 April 1940 for sorvices in Chinr. "affairs". -33-1- MJTO Pages of the ； Siiramar̂ ァon which he is i named； 3 1 , 4 3 ,4-6 ，io?, 114 ，125, 15?-, 154， 168, 169， 172, 173, 174, 173 , 1 8 0 , 181 , 1 8 4 , 185， 186, 198， 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 , 2 0 6 , 209 ，—[^ 216, 217, 218， 231, 240， 252, 255， 260 , 2 8 7 , 288 5 C. y ̂ a 299, 309. 2. Offices, etc., with dates (See Exhibits 102 and 118 Offices Major, Meiyiber Army General Staff Colonel, Staff Officer Kw .antung Army Section Chief, Military Affairs Bureau (also Member Naval General Staff) Vice-Chief of Staff, North China Army Director, Military Affairs Bureau, War Ministry, and Chief Secretary, Supremo ,!rar Council 30 Sep 1939-20 Apr 1942 103-298 (Many concurrent posts in otlicr ministries, including Japanese member of the Italo-G3rm?n Jnpanese Mixed Commission) ComnandGr, Imporird Guard 20 Apr 1942-5 Oct 1944 298-309 Division Chief of Staff, 14th Area Arrnĵ 5 Oct 1944-2 Sep 19^5 309-314 (Philippines) and pages of the Summary: Dates Pag:es 27 Nov 1930-5 Mar 1934 2-25 29 J皿1936-1 Mar 1937 38-43 1 Mar 1934-date unknown 43-? (1 Apr-30 Oct 1937) (44-56) date unknown-30 Sep 1939 ？一 103 3. Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit 2ヲ5。 4 . Decorated 29 April 1924 for services in 1931-4 "war", and 29 April 1940 for services in the China "affair". Recommended 17 May 1942 for German decoration (Exhibit 1272). -332- 1 , P a g e s of th _ ’、：バマン on でhich he is named s 4, 46，114, 154’ lh'9, 165，16?，172，173, 174, 178, 180， 181, 198, r o o , 201， 202, 203, 204, 206, 209， 211, 216, 217, 118, 219, 231, 240, 252, 255, ?-60, 287，288, 301, 304, ？07. 2, Offices, etc., '7ith dr.tes s.nd pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 120.) C,上、:ices Dates P:\gp s C o m m a n l , Member of Wnval General Staff 10 Oct 1931-25 Oct 1932 9-20 Captai: » Meinbcof General Staff Chief of No.1？oction, Bu- reau of Naval.ごfairs (also Secretary, ""rirenu of I,,r' .nchnrlan Affair O rj O O O J Chief of Bureau of Naval Affairs, attacl i. to Navy Minister in 12.-ン-、ial Tし:’d- qu^rtcrs 5 5 5 112 V\ Nov 1933-1 Dec 1936 24-41 Jan 1 9 3 S - 1 5 Oct 1940 61-153 Jan 1938-21 Oct 1939)(62-103) 15 Get 1940-2 Sep 1 9巧 1 5 3 - 3 1 4 (also Secretary, I.feticマ。.Gen rp.1 Mobilization Counc'.'L ^ru "umorcus other pos'v3) (8 I'ov 1 9 H 8 Jan 1941) 164-170 3 . Decorated 29 Api.i?‘ 1L93-; for services in 1931-4 "incidents", nd 29 April 1940 for services in the China "incident". -17- QKA7JA 1 . P a g e s of the Smrjnary on which he is named: 2， 4， 5, 9, 26, 4 6 , 1 5 4 , 255. 2. Throughout the period, ho v/as Director-General,East Asia Research Bureau of the South Manchuria Railway. -334- OSHIM I* Pages of the Summary on which he is named: ky 25， 46, 79， so, 89, 92，100, 101, 102， 104, 107， 114， 121， 154, 163, 166, 167, 169, 181, 182, ISA, 188, 204, 209, 215, 217, 218, 221， 256, 266, 212， 274, 278, 288, 290, 299, 302, 3〇3 2. Offices^ etc.^ with dates and pages of the Summary: (See i&hibits 102 and 121.) Offices Section Chief Armty General Staff， and Member Navy General Staff Military attache, Berlin Ambassador to Germany Ambassador to Germany Dates Pages 1 Aug, 1931-5 Mar. 1934 2-25 5 Mar. 1934-8 Oct. 1936 25-79 8 Oct. 1938-29 Dec. 1939 79-107 20 Dec. 1940-19 Feb. 1945 167-310 3. •Extracts from his interrogation are Scnibits： 477, 478, 487, 4S8, 490, 497， 604, 776• 4. Writing by hini is Exhibit 1299. 5. Decorated 25 April 1934 for services in the 1931-4 "incident"， 2 November 1938 for services in the conclusion of the Anti-Comintern Pact， and 29 April 1940, -335- SATO 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 4,19， 46, 53, 74, 78, 96,114, 154, 187, 256, 297, 298, 299， 304, 307， 310, 312 2. Offices, etc” with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 122,) Offices fejor, Coramnder 8th Medium Artillery Battalion Lt. Colonel, Mjniber Military Affairs Bureau (Secretary, Planning Board) (Colonel， Army Spokesman， Cabinet Information Board) Dates Pages 8 Aug. 1932-1 Aug. 1933 19-23 1 Aug. 1936-May 1939. 39-95 (26 Nov. 1937-29 July 1938) (56-76) (15 Jiily-12 Dec. 1938) (74-86) Deputy Chief of Staff, South China Expeditionary Force Chief of 1st Section, Military Affairs Bureau, War liinistry Chief of Military Affairs Bureau, n'/ar Ministry Deputy Chief of Staff, China Expeditionary Force Commander 37th Division in Indo-Ghma and Siam May 1939-March 1941 95-176 liar. 19A1-20 Apr. 1942 176-298 20 Apr. 19A2-Dec.194A 298-310 Dec. 1944-7 Apr. 1945 310-312 7 Apr.-2 Sept. 1945 312-314 3, Speeches by hira are Exhibits 270, 849. 4. Decorated 29 April 1934 for services 1931-4, and 29 April 1934 for services in the China "affair". Recommei.ded 17 May 1942 for German decoration (Exhibit 1272). -336- SHIG 服ITSU 1 . P a g e s of the. Summary on which he is naiiied: 4,17, 29， 40, 46， 74， 75, 77, 7S, 79，109, 112, 114, 115， 118, 124, 136， 154, 176, 178， 180， 182, I83, 204, 256， 303， 304, 305， 306, 30S, 310, 314 ム Offices， etc” with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 123.) Offices Councillor of Etubajこマン arid Consul-General, Chi:,a Councillor^ ^oard of Iviar.oiiuriaii Affairs^ etc. Ambassador to U.Ŝ S.jR̂ Ambaso"1or to Great Britain /imbassd "or to China Foreign Minister (also Greater East Asia ItLnister) Foreign Ki:rister and Greater East Asia kin丄ster Dates Pa^es / 21 Jan. 1930-10 July 1934 1-26 IS Jin. 1935-10 Apr. 1936 29-36 27 Aug. 1936-22 Sept. 1938 40-79 22 Sept. 1938-19 Feb. 1941 79-180 19 Feb. 1941.-20 Apr. 1943 180-303 20 Apr. 1943-7 Apr. 1945 303-312 (22 July 19A4-7 Apr. 1945) (308-312) 17 Aug.-17 Sept. 1945 314 3. Speeches by him ars S>±ibits 7 7 % , 829A. 4. Decorated 29 April 1934 for services in 1%1-4 ”affairs1し and 29 April 1940 for services r.n China "affair". -337- SHr:\D i 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 4，15,IS, 33, 46, 56， 80,114, 154, 168, 256， 257, 258, 260, 273, 275； 276, 277, 287, 288, 289, 300, 301, 306, 308 2., Offices, etc” with dates a.nd pages of t.ha Summary: (See 她ibits 102 and 124.) Offices Chief of Staff of 1st and Combined Fleets Chief of Staff, 3rd Fleet Naval General Staff (rising to Vice-Chief) Commander 2nd Fleet Conuiiander China Fleet Navy Minister Chief of Naval General Staff Dates Pages 1 Dec. 1930-2 Feb. 1932 2-15 2 Feb.-28 July 1932 15-19 28 July 1932-1 Dec. 1937 l?-$6 1 Dec. 1937-15 Nov. 1938 56-82 1 Hay 1940-1 Sept. 1941 114-237 18 Oct. 1941-19 Feb. 1944 255-306 19 Feb.-17 July 19A4 306-307 3. Extract from his interrogation is Exhibit 1128. 4. Decorated 29 April 1934， and 29 Arril 1940 for services in the China "incident". -338- SHIK;iTC:a 1 . P a g e s of the Sunimary on which he is named: “ ， 9 ， 23, 32, 44, 46, 79, 101, 111,11‘121， 154, 166， 167, 173, 223, 229, 233， 256， 299 2. Offices^ etcリ with dates and pages of the Suiumary: (See Exhibit 1 2 $ 0 Offices Chief, Inforination Dept.^ Foreign Ministry In Foreign Ministry Ambassador to Italy Councillor in Foreign Ministry Dates Pa^es 31 Oct. 1930-2 June 1933 2-33 28 Apr•—22 Sept. 1938 69-79 22 Sept. 1938-9 Har. 1940 79-111 26 Aug. 1940-22 July 1 % 1 141 -229 3. Writing by him is Exhibit 557. Decorated 29 April 1934 for services in the "iianchurian affairつ and 29 April 1940 for services in the China "affair". Recommended 17 May 1942 for Gernan decoration (Exhibit 1272). -339- SUEUKI 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 4, 8, 39, 46, 65, 96，114, 155， 168, 195, 213， 216， 219， 231, 237, 240, 251, 252， 253, 256, 260, 267, 273， 2 7 2 7 6 , 277, 287, 28% 295, 299, 300, 301,308 2. Offices, etc” with dates and pages of the Summary: (See Exhibits 102 and 126.) Lt. Col.,Member of Bureau of iaiitary 'affairs, rfar ministry，etc.1 Aug. 1931-1 Aug. 1936 Colonal, Commander li;.th Infantry fejor-General, 16th Division Hsadouartdrs Section Chief in China .jffairs Bureau rising to Commissioner General (Leaiber of Opium Committee) Minister of State and President, Planning Board (also Councillor of the Total Wafc Investigation Laboratory) (Member Thought Control Committer' Cabinet Councillor 1 Aug. 1936-1 Nov. 1937 1 Nov. 1937-10 Nov. 1938 16 Dec. 1938-4 April 1941 (21 June 1939) 4 i'.pr, 1941-5 0c-c. 1943 (21 Dac. 1940-8 Oct. 1943) (19 ,une 1?41) 17 Nov., 1943-28 Oct. 1944 Pa^es 2 - 39 39-56 56-82 86-185 185-305 168-305 305-309 3. Decorated 29 April 1934 SecomniGnded 17 May 19厶2 for services in the IS:”--ム incident", fox- German dec^r? Lion (iixhibit 1272). TOGQ Pages of the P’ •..iniary on which he is namea: U,12, 21, ，40, 46, 56， 59， 60」 ’ 73, 74， 80,114, 120， 140， 155, 256， 258， 259, 260， 261, 262 ,264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271， 272, 273, 21k， 275, 276， 277， 276 ，279, PoU ̂ 281, 282, 283, 284, 2S5, 266, 207, 288, 289, m ， 295, •296 ，300， 312' 2. Offices^ etc” with dates and pages of the Summary: (See lixhibits 102 and 127.) Offices Member of delegation to League of Nations and Disarmament Conference Chief of SuropeaiトAoierican Bureau， Dates 30 July 1930-1 Feb. 1933 Foreign Minister and Greater East Asia Kinister Pa^es 1-21 Foreign Ministry 1 Feb. 1933-1 June 1934 21--26 Chief of European-Asiatic Bureau 1 June 1934-27 Oct. 1937 26--55 Ambassador to Germany 27 Oct, .1937-15 Oct. 1938 55--80 Ambassador to U tS.S.R, 15 Oct, .1938-16 Oct. 1941 80--255 Foreign and Overseas i.Hnister 18 Oct, ,1941-1 Sept. 1942 255-300 7 ipr.-17 Aug. 1945 312-314 3. Sxtract from his interrogation is Exhibit 1207. 4. Speech by him is exhibit 5. Decorated 29 ム pril 1934 for sorvices during 193ェ一and 29 April 1 % 0 . -341- TOJO 1 . P ? g e s of the Summary on which he is named: 4, 31,43 ,46, 60, 61，64, 71 ，72, 85, 114, 132, 133, 135, 136, 144, 152, 153， 155， 156, 164， 165, 169， 170, 172, 173， 174, 178, 180, 181， 18な， 185， 186, 198, 199， 200, 201， 202, 203， 204， 206, 209, 211, 216， 217, 218， 219, 231, 240, 250, 251, 252, 253, 25k, 255， 2 5、 251, 258， 260, 268， 273， 275， 276， 277, 287, 288, 289， 291, 294, 295, 299, 300, 301， 302, 304, 305, 306， 307, 30S， 311, 312 2. Offices, e t c” with dates and pages of the SumiTiary: (See Exhibits 102 and L28.) 0111003, Colonel, Section Chief ̂ Army- Gene ral Staff iiJajor-General^ Commander 24th Infantry Brigade Conunander, Kwantuiig Ililitary Police Chief of Staff^ Kwantung Japanese 上心eirib。r Maiichukuo Joint Economic Committea Vice War Minister (and numerous posts connected with other Departments) Inspector-General^ Army Air Force War Minister Premier and War Minister (also at various dates Home， Foreign, Education， Commerce and Munitions Minister) Dates Pages 1 Aug. 1931-5 J&r. 1934 2-25 1 Aug. 1934-1 Aug. 1935 26-31 21 Sept. 1935-1 Ifer. 1937 31-43 1 Kar. 1937-30 May 193S 43-71 30 Jfey-1〇 Dec. 1936 71-85 10 Dec. 1938-22 July 1940 85-132 22 July 1940-18 Oct. 1941 132-255 18 Oct. 1941-22 July 1944 255-308 4 3. Extracts from his interrogation are Exhibits： 1110A, 1119, 1123-4, 1136-7, 1153, 1157-8, 1201-6, 1209, 1243-4 k. Speeches by him are Exhibits: 826, 827， 879, 133SB, 1345， 1347. 5 # Decorated 29 April 1934 for services in "Manchurian incident, 1931-4，" and 29 April 1940 for services in the China "affair”• 一 3 4 2 - mfflzu 1 . P a g e s of the Summary on which he is named: k, 25, 30, 31,35, 46, 56, 60, 61,62, 63, 64, 71,80,101， 114, 155, 210, 225, 24A, 246, 256， 292, 297， 300, 308, 311 2. Offices, etc., with dates and pages of the Svanmarj?！ (See Exhibits 102 and 1 2 9 0 Offices fejor General, Chiefj General Affairs Dept.,人rray Gdnaral Staff Commander of the irmy in China Lt. General, Vies War Minister (and on numerous committees of other Departments) Commander, li Army Commanderj Kvrantung .:my and Ambassador to」':anchukuo General Chief of Army General Staff Dates 1 Aug. 5 Mar. 23 Mar 1931-5 JIar. 1934 193A-1 Aug. 1935 ,1936-30 May 193S 30 i'ky 1938-7 Sept. 193? 7 Sept.1939-18 July 1944 1 “ug, 19A0 18 July 194A-2 Sept. 1945 Pa^es 2-25 25-31 35-71 71-101 101-308 308-314 3. Decorated 29 April 1934 for 1938 f o r services in the 1931-4 "incidentつ 2 Wovjriber services in the .jiti-Gomintern Pact^ and 29 ^pril 1940 for ser- vices in the China "affair". -343-
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