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C.P.R. steamships
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
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Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Booklet advertising Canadian Pacific cruises on the Empress of France and Empress of Scotland, with paintings of people and destinations.
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.^-■aar , f- VUf I** inadian r« EMPHESS of SCOTLAN THE stately, spacious flagship of the Canadian Pacific fleet, the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND, has been chosen for the Round the World Cruise, leaving New York on December 3rd, 1925. Her great size (25,000 tons gross register and 37,500 tons displacement), her airy rooms, her three ample promenade decks one of which is partly enclosed, her Empire dining saloon with a capacity of 436 people at one sitting, her inlaid satin wood ballroom, immense oak smoking room, winter garden, palm garden, cardrooms, lounges, and gymnasium give to this giant cruise ship all the attractions of an exclusive club. She has the variety of comfort and cuisine so essential to a four months' trip. Passenger elevators connect the eight decks of the vessel and the oil-burning engines mean that there is freedom from dirt, dust and soot, and the annoyance caused by coaling or shifting coal at ports. The itinerary includes twenty-five ports in twenty separate countries with fifty-four and a half days on shore. The Riviera will be visited at the season's height. Christmas will be spent in the Holy Land, New Year's Eve in Cairo, India at the most pleasant season of the year, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java and the Philippines under congenial weather conditions, and China and Japan in cool clear weather. The Panama Canal will be made before the torrid heat of summer commences. Page Two EMPRESS of FRANCE SWIFT, graceful, seaworthy and delightful in every respect is the vessel selected for the Mediterranean Cruise leaving New York on February qth, 1926. Selected for voyages by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the EMPRESS OF FRANCE has spacious public rooms of unusual distinction. The lounge-ballroom follows a scheme designed by Sir Christopher Wren, from the Royal Apartments at Hampton Court Palace, with carved woodwork by noted craftsmen in the style of Grinling Gibbons. The Jacobean smoking room reproduces fireplace and furniture from celebrated baronial halls, and the book cases in the library are replicas of those in the Pepys' Library at Cambridge. The old English atmosphere of the interior is carried out in the dining saloon and cardrooms. Combined with this artistic setting are all the comforts of an up-to-date hotel, with handsome staterooms most of which are equipped with four poster beds. Five of the seven decks will be used for passengers, all served by an elevator. A well equipped gymnasium offers a great variety of exercise. The Empress of France has a gross register of 18,350 tons and a displacement of 27,500 tons. She has a speed of iqj^ knots, is oil-burning, and has twice circled the globe. Page Three FOREWORD TO cruise or not to cruise—that is no longer a question with those who desire to see unfamiliar countries with the greatest travel comfort, and without waste of time. For combined with the charm of the sea voyage in a spacious vessel are shore excursions, carefully planned under expert guidance, with the convenience of hotel reservations which are otherwise often difficult to arrange for the individual at the seasons usually favoured for Cruises. So many are travelling together that one has ample choice of companions, and friendships are made of a lasting character. Combined with the pleasure of seeing new worlds is the educational value of such a trip—widening one's horizon, adding to one's culture, providing an inexhaustible variety of experiences. The two Cruises described and illustrated in this brochure have the advantage of being under the management of one transportation company, the Canadian Pacific, which has had. long experience of world travel and of catering under every condition of climate to the desires of the fastidious. The Canadian Pacific has offices and agencies all over the world, ■ ..._._ :-_ __...—,„u;~ ^f o rr^of- roiiu/Qv cv-Qf^ro a orpAf sfpamshin organization with ROUND THE WORLD CRUISE LEAVING NEW YORK DECEMBER 3, Iq25, BY THE EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND AN ADDITIONAL PORT OF CALL WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE The Empress of Scotland will now call at San Francisco as well as Los Angeles. Following is revised itinerary: Nautical Miles 1370 631 852 780 * 346 Madeira Gibraltar Algiers . Monaco . Naples . Haifa * . Port Said Suez . Bombay . Colombo Padang . Batavia . Singapore In Port Arriving Days Hrs. Dec. 10 1 1 Dec. 13 . Dec. 15 . Dec. 17 . Dec. iq . Dec. 25 . Dec. 26 . Dec. 27 . Jan. 10 . Jan. 20 . Jan. 28 . Jan. 30 . Feb. 2 10 17 7 Nautical Miles 2765 615 425 461 364 1196 170 1 13 11 11 6 2961 Q05 1354 582 526 Manila . Hongkong Shanghai Kobe Yokohama Honolulu Hilo . San Francisco Los Angeles Balboa . Cristobal . Havana . New York . * Cruise members proceed by train from Haifa to Jerusalem, Bethlehem, etc., where 1V2 days are stent \htnc, to Cairo by train. Eight days in the Holy Land and Egypt. y P ' thence MEDITERRANEAN LEAVING NEW YORK FEBRUARY 9, 7926, BY THE In Port Nautical Arriving Days Hrs. Miles Madeira Lisbon . Cadiz Gibraltar Algiers . Syracuse Athens . Const ant 1 nople Beyrout Feb. 16 Feb. iq Feb. 21 Feb. 24 Feb. 25 Feb. 28 Mar. 2 Mar. 4 Mar. q 23 2765 7 532 IQ 242 12 76 22 425 13 OQO ioy2 4OO 6 360 17 848 Haifa Alexandria Venice . . Naples . Monaco Cherbourg . Southampton Page Four In Port Arriving Days Hrs. . Feb. 7 . Feb. 10 . Feb. 16 . Feb. 21 . Mar. 1 . Mar. 13 . Mar. 15 . Mar. 20 . Mar. 23 . Apr. 2 . Apr. 3 . Apr. 6 . Apr. 10 CRUISE EMPRESS OF FRANCE In Port Nautical Arriving Days Hrs. Miles . Mar. 10 . Mar. 17 . Mar . Apr. . Apr. . Apr. 13 . Apr. 13 MADEIRA-LISBON MADEIRA, an island of mountains thrown up as high as six thousand feet above the sea by volcanic action from the still un- fathomed ocean bed was known to the Romans as the Purple Islands on account of a local dye, and colonized by the Portuguese early in the fifteenth century. Precipitous slopes flank the island, fluted with deep ravines, which give an almost architectural richness to the pedestal of cliff-bound shores. The fruity wine produced from its abundant vineyards has given to Madeira a particular fame. Funchal, the capital and port of call, is radiant with gaily colored houses, lovely gardens and brilliant costumes natural to a sunny climate. The traveller may traverse the streets in a litter carried by bearers or be hauled over the cobbles on the curious native sleds. In the evening the Vigia gardens lit by countless lanterns tempt the visitor with the magic of colour and the attractions of a Casino. It was at Funchal that Christopher Columbus wooed and won his wife, and in the Rua Dereita a tablet marks the site of his home. LISBON—the name itself is a description of the site—was the friendly harbour of the Phoenicians, who called it "alis ubbo." Here the Roman triremes took shelter, here the Moorish galley and the Spanish galleon rode at anchor, here the ships of the crusaders were provisioned for the Holy Land. Lisbon saw the great Armada in all its glory, and the battleships of the last war. Terraces of white and tinted buildings, gaily tiled and set amid the vivid foliage of semi-tropical gardens, rise behind the twelve miles of waterfront where Lisbon sits enthroned at the mouth of the Tagus. The Se or Cathedral, founded in 1150 A.D., has a sumptuous Gothic portal, and the Monastery adjoining the church of Santa Maria or Jeronymosis is enriched with lovely ploisters. The church itself, adorned with carved stone columns, fan vaulting and altars inlaid with precious metals, contains the tombs of Vasco de Gama, the explorer, and Camoens, the epic poet. The Castello de Sao Jorge, in the same old part of the city, is a Moorish citadel, now used as a fort and barracks. Page Six CADIZ-SEVILLE CADIZ, SEVILLE. Cadiz, gleaming white on an azure sea. and guarding with heavy ramparts the delta of the Quadal- quivir from the head of a long and narrow peninsula, was known to the Phoenicians, a thousand years before Christ as Gadeira or Gades. About 500 B.C. it became a Roman outpost on the Atlantic, famous for its luxurious life, its wines and its dancing girls. As a city of Spain it grew in wrealth and importance after the discovery of America and the Indies. The terraced houses, with view towers and balconies, the charm and pic- turesqueness of the people, the clean, busy streets, make Cadiz a delightful introduction to old Spain. The two cathedrals, the Church of Los Capuchinos, the Academy of Fine Arts, and the view from the signal tower are points of particular interest. Unfailing entertainment is found in the promenades and public gardens, the Muralla del Mar, the Alameda, the Parque Genoves and the Botanical Gardens. The railway trip to Seville passes through the fertile plains which even in Roman times were known as the garden of Europe. Seville, contains in the Alcazar, in the rose-red observation tower of the Giralda, and in the solitary golden tower, memorials of Moorish splendour dating from the days when this was the capital of Europe. The houses are Moorish still, white with green balconies and central court and fountains, set in narrow streets or around spacious squares fragrant with orange groves. The stately Cathedral incorporates both a Roman temple and a Moorish mosque, seen particularly in the Court of Oranges, and in the Giralda. Page Eight GIBRALTAR GIBRALTAR stands on guard like a rock-mounted policeman on an ocean trail. This famous fortress of the British Empire was originally named after a Moorish invader of the Eighth Century, whose castle still remains. Known to the ancients as one of the Pillars of Hercules, it was formerly considered as the Western extremity of the world. The legend runs that Hercules raised the crags on each side of the Straits while breaking through a channel between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The Rock itself is three miles long and from a half to three-quarters of a mile in breadth, its height reaching to 1,400 feet. Pitted with vast caverns, it reveals natural corridors of stalactites. Captured by the Moors in 711 A.D., Gibraltar was for seven hundred years the key to Moorish domination in Southern Spain. For thirty years after its fall in 1462 it was held by the Duke of Medina-Sidonia and for two centuries after that reverted to Spain. Great Britain secured possession in 1704. In the war which broke out 17 79, between Great Britain and Spain, Gibraltar underwent its famous four-year siege. As Gibraltar is primarily a fortress and a naval base, every effort, in view of war contingencies, is made to prevent any increase in the population. Sanitary laws modelled on English statutes, but drafted with a very different object in view, are used with some ingenuity to reduce the available space for housing. The working classes are thus being pushed across the border to the Spanish town of La Linea de la Concepcion, from where they come daily to the fortress-city. The permanent residents, of whom about thirty thousand still remain, are of a very varied origin. Turbaned Arabs in burnous mingle in the street with British soldiers and Jewish merchants. The Alameda, a public park, planted with beautiful trees and flowers, is much favored as a promenade. The Spanish population delights to attend the bull fights at the neighbouring town of Algeciras. Page Ten Page Eleven ALGI EFLS ALGIERS. Algiers for 300 years was the stronghold of the Barbary pirates, until France took hold, and the Kasbah at the crest of the hill still recalls the rule of the once terrible Barbarossa and the Deys of Algiers. For over three hundred years these corsairs exacted terrible tribute in ships, in merchandizing, in men and women from their Christian brothers. Cervantes the author of Don Quixote, was one of countless thousands thrown into the penthouse of the Souk-El-Abeed, or slave market of this piratical city. In 1815 the Americans, in consequence of a dispute over the tribute to be paid, refused to contribute, and sent a naval force, under Decatur, to attack Algiers. In a short time he compelled the Dey to sue for peace, and extracted from him a pledge that American traders would be immune. Great Britain did the same in the following year, and France captured the City of Algiers in 1829, since which time it has been a French possession. A vivid picture of Algiers in Corsair times may be found in Rafael Sabatini's romance "The Sea Hawk." The Boulevard de la Republique fronts a harbour which Barbarossa built for his piratical galleys and which now gives shelter to over sixteen thousand ships a year. Parallel with this is the cosmopolitan shopping street of Bab-Azoun (Gate of Grief), where the veiled charmers from rich Algerian harems and the dusky beauties of the Sahara study the latest things from Paris through the alluring plate-glass windows. The city now is half Europeanized, but up the steep narrow streets of the native quarter, one finds oneself already in the world of the Arabian Nights. Its crowning point is the Kasbah, or Palace of the Deys, about five hundred feet above the sea. The French dismantled the fortifications, cut a roadway through the Mosque which was connected with them, and permitted the entire building to fall to ruins. One can still see traces of the treasure vaults and slave dungeons of the Deys. Page Twelve MONACO NAPLES MONACO is the high-stepping principality of the south-eastern coast of France, at which all the Puritan world shakes its finger. Within its tiny area more fortunes have been lost and won than lives have been squandered on the battlefields of Europe. The tables at the Monte Carlo Casino are forbidden to the twenty thousand local inhabitants, who, however, have the consolation of being exempt from taxes. Monaco is traversed by the splendid Corniche road, with its panorama of the Cote d'Azure to Nice, with its vistas of lovely gardens and of cliffs surmounting the azure sea. NICE brings us back once more to the pirates of Algiers, for in 1543, after a fierce bombardment, the city was sacked by the terrible Barbarossa. To-day, however, its principal battles are fought with flowers and confetti during the annual Spring Carnival. The flower market of Nice is a favourite of local artists. Beautiful villas line the famous Promenade des Anglais and nestle in the sheltering hills. NAPLES. No aspect in the Mediterranean is more captivating than that of the Bay of Naples, with its azure sea, its embankment of buildings, and its amphitheatre of volcanic mountains culminating in the still live crater of Vesuvius. Here was originally a Greek Colony, which Rome conquered and established as a residential city for its wealthy nobles. In the Middle Ages, Naples played a vigorous role of independence, as many of its castles and churches still testify. Its chief pride to-day is the splendid National Museum, with unique collections of Greek and Roman sculptures and of wall paintings and bronzes from the buried cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Fascinating also is the Aquarium, with its strange wild life from the waters of the Mediterranean. The Neapolitan is seen at his or her best and gayest in the adjoining park of the Villa Nazionale. Of particular human interest are the arches of the SanCarlo Theatre where the public scribes take dpwn the love letters of the girls who cannot write. Page Fourteen ! % .r#^ POMPEII- ROME AT POMPEII, the House of the Fawn, the House of Glaucus described in "The Last Days of Pompeii," the Street of Tombs, the Temple of Isis, and many other resurrected ruins help to visualize the daily life in a Roman City shortly after the time of Christ. * Pompeii, which was overwhelmed by an eruption of Vesuvius in yq A.D., was forgotten until the site was accidentally rediscovered in 15Q4. Systematic excavations undertaken since 1763 have gradually revealed the city in which 50,000 people once lived, with its temples, shops, houses, public baths, amphitheatre seating 20,000 spectators, and barracks of the gladiators. Herculaneum was a smaller, though richer city, the site of which is mostly covered by the town of Resina. ROME. The Coliseum and the Catacombs recall the persecution and martyrdom of the early Christians and the Arch of Constantine their ultimate triumph. The Arch of Titus celebrates in vivid sculpture the Capture of Jerusalem. Fourteen obelisks remind the student that Rome at one time held and drew tribute from Egypt. The luxury of the Imperial City is seen in the Baths of Caracalla, more than a mile long, with rooms for 1.600 bathers, famous statuary, and art galleries. The glory of the Roman Catholic Church is written in the spacious buildings of the Square of the Lateran, the Church of St. Peter and the Vatican. The galleries and collections of Rome are the largest in the world. The Vatican, the Lateran, the Capitoline, and the national museums and galleries contain remarkable collections that have a world-wide celebrity. There are numerous private collections of pictures in the Borghese, Barberini, Doria. Sciarra, Torlonia and Corsini palaces, and masterpieces of painting are also to be found in almost every church. The libraries of Rome are unrivalled. Modern Rome has now as many hotels as it had churches in times gone by, and they are excellent. The artistic industries of the city have been revived in recent years. The most important are Roman silks, Roman pearls, reproductions of ancient vases, statues and paintings, mosaics and jewellery. Page Sixteen SYRACUSE ANCIENT stronghold of a warrior race which defied Carthage, crushed the Athenians and succumbed only before the power of mighty Rome, Syracuse, once one of the busiest ports of the Mediterranean now slumbers through the swift-passing years. Gone are the golden days when crowded and laden galleys swarmed about the harbour, carrying ivory, and precious ores and crusted gems and dusky, big-eyed slaves from the African coast to be bartered for the spice and fruits and purple wines of sunny Sicily. The olive-clad hills that stretch back, blossom-garlanded, from the sea, once shook to the tramp of a forgotten Caesar's legions, and over the blue water that laps the shore was fought the great battle in which the Athenians sank to defeat and death before the stalwart fighting men of the Syracusan fleet. Incoming steamers now anchor at the Porto Marina; and the approach to modern Syracuse, which is on the island of Ortygia, is defended by a dilapidated citadel which dates from the time of Charles V. On the south extremity broods the grim gray pile of a castle named after Maniaces, the last Byzantine general, and held by him until captured by the Saracens in the eleventh century. Unexpectedly one comes across relics of brave ages gone. Picturesque beggars in unbelievably colorful tatters sit in the corners of doorways in which, perhaps, Thucy- dides stood, and exchanged with a crony gossip of forgotten wars. The dark turquoise of the heaving sea creams to snowy foam against the cliffs and shoreline, and the Temple of Diana and the Via delle Tombe shimmer in the mid-day heat. Squeeze past the merry old lady on her diminutive donkey in the narrow lane, dodge noisy children with their round, black, velvety eyes and the clear rose-olive skins of Sicily, and visit the Greek Temple at sunset, when the shadows lengthen, and heaven lights in flaming splendor, and the ghosts of the immortals steal back and take possession of your soul. Stand by the Fountain of Arethusa on the west side of the island and watch the flow of water that has bubbled for a dozen centuries- water that was turned salt in an earthquake seven hundred years ago. School your mind to solitude and dream by moonlight upon that Sicilian hill whereon the lovely twin columns of the Temple of Zeus—that temple built to preserve the memory of weak Nikias, long blown to dust—stand mute against the stars. Page Eighteen VENICE THRONED in the turquoise of her wide lagoon, Venice, Bride of the Adriatic, sits dreaming of her ancient splendors. In the rippling harbor where, in the year of grace 998, Pietro Orseolo annihilated a marauding pirate fleet, her islands shine like pale amethysts in the morning light, and the color of her palaces is mirrored in broken beauty on the bosom of the sea. All the art of Carpaccio and Tintoretto pulses in the wonderful harbour and the twisted skeins of the canals. Landing quays and marble steps lead to the crumbling homes of the old nobility, and striped gondola posts repeat themselves in the narrow ribbons of blue water, laid out like strips of celestial carpet for mortal use. Dark-eyed urchins in picturesque rags peep over the warm- hued brickwork of an aged bridge, and answer with quick impudence the laughing jibe of a passing gondolier. Tall, narrow windows and tiny balconies hang over the stream upon a background of lemon-yellow wall overgrown with lichen, the waterside shop of a statue-maker is brave with pastel shades of pink, and yellow, and fading green, and a blaze of scarlet creeper splashes the smooth cream surface of a baronial house. The mounting sun beats upon the bronze well-head, with its three broad shallow steps, designed by Alberghetti, in the courtyard of the Palazzo Ducale. Out across the San Marco basin the masts of the fishing fleet hoist patched sails of russet and saffron and move slowly out between the islands. The great horses of San Marco rise, epitome of arrested power, and pigeons wheel in a fluttering cloud in the shadows of the Campanile. The sun creeps down the vineyards of the mainland, pomegranates burst in royal crimson between the fingers of careless children, and light dust settles on the bushes of golden thorn. The blue of the bay, caught in the curve of the Shiavorri, turns to moving gold and whispers to the feet of San Giorgio Mag- giore. Night—and on the Grand Canal the first sandolo of the water police glides, lampless, to meet the breathing tide. The moon soars and turns the world to silver, and above the darkened, twisting waterways windows open to the soft night air—tall, latticed and shuttered windows which might hide the chink of a Shylock's gold or the sigh of a poet to the love-warmed night. Pag$ Twenty-one I musms ATHENS SO beautiful is ATHENS that although Greece was many times overrun by barbarians these refrained from their usual vandalism, and surprisingly little damage was done to the Attic temples except by age. Dominating Athens is the Acropolis. The western front of this is entered by the gateway of the Propyiaea, near which is the temple of the Wingless Victory. On the north is the Erechtheum, notable for the famous porch of the Caryatides or sculptured maidens who support the roof. The ruins of the Parthenon occupy the summit. Among the other interesting places is Mars Hill, where St. Paul preached Page Twenty-two to the Athenians. The Theatre of Dionysius. where the immortal tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were played, and the new Stadium, provided for the Olympic Games of 1906. The National Archaeological Museum has a unique collection of Mycenean antiquities discovered by Dr. Schlie- mann, the excavator of ancient Troy. The Hill of the Pnyx, with the rock platform from which Athenian orators addressed the Assembly on matters of moment, affords a view of the Acropolis which should not be missed. Page Twenty-three wr% &: WWffW 3*T^Wf" TSTS m ^"^^S^imffi/Z^mmm • mm m DARDAN ELLES - CONSTANTINOPLE THE Strait of the DARDANELLES, known to the Greeks as the Hellespont, which was swum by Hero and Leander and later by Lord Byron, is guarded at the entrance by the castles of Sedil Bahr and Kum Kaleh, and farther on by the Old Castle of Anatolia and the Old Castle of Rumelia. The land on the right is the land of Troy, famous for the great siege, the incidents in which are sung in Homer's " Iliad." At the entrance to the Sea of Marmora, on the left, is the town of Gallipoli, a name of tragic memory in the recent war. The Strait of the Dardanelles is 47 miles long and from 3 to 4 miles broad. Most beautiful of all is the vision of the city on the Golden Horn, with its domes and minarets, palaces and ancient walls. "Formed by Nature," says Edward Gibbon, the historian, "for the centre and capital of a great monarchy," CONSTANTINOPLE was the creation of a Roman Emperor who ransacked the temples of Italy, Greece and Syria to enrich and adorn this, his Eastern throne-city. The oldest of these imported trophies, the Serpent Column, taken from the Oracle Sanctuary at Delphi, still stands in the Hippodrome. The splendor of the city one sees to-day is, however, due more to the later Emperor Justinian, who, in the sixth century, with the aid of a great architect, Anthemios, made Constantinople the wonder, just as it was the centre of the civilized world. Of the Turkish Sultans, the greatest of the builders was Suleyman, whose magnificent mosque is a reminder of the luxurious Court to which in the sixteenth century every bazaar in the East paid tribute. "Stamboul the immemorial, still the same as when the old Khalifs had looked out on it; as when Suleyman the Great had imagined and created its noble outline by adding the finest of the cupolas—a ghost, a magnificent ghost of the past, is this city, still standing, with its endless spindles of stone, so slender, so light, that how they have lasted is a marvel." (Pierre Loti, in "Disenchanted.") The Ay a Sophia Mosque, as the Turks call the immense church of St. Sophia, erected by the Emperor Justinian in the 6th century is still a beautiful sight despite the ravages of time. It is accounted the second largest place of worship in the World, being exceeded only by St. Peter's at Rome. On arrival at Constantinople, on the Mediterranean Cruise, the EMPRESS OF FRANCE will proceed up the Bosporus as far as the entrance to the Black Sea. THE HOLY LAND BEYROUT, although situated in the oldest part of the world, is essentially a modern city. An important seaport in the great Phoenician Empire, and for long the seat of a well-known school of jurisprudence in the Roman Empire, recognized as one of the three official law schools by the Emperor Justinian, Beyrout had fallen from its high estate, and in 1844 had become a small town of perhaps 8,000 people. Its rapid growth since then to a population of 160,000 is the result of its new-bom commercial importance, created by the genius and patience of nineteenth-century Frenchmen. It is the centre of the Eastern silk industry, and in addition is a large exporter of olive oil, sesame seed, tobacco and wool. The harbour of the new town was built by French capitalists, who desired an exporting terminus for their railway through northern Palestine. The City of Beyrout is beautifully situated on the slopes of Ras Beirut and St. Dimitre looking north over St. George's Bay, an inlet of the Mediterranean. The old town is immediately behind the landing place and the principal buildings are in the Place des Canons, about a third of a mile distant. The mosques and antiquities in Beyrout are interesting, and there are several Mission Stations here. About a mile outside Beyrout a ruined church of St. George marks the site of the combat with the Dragon. HAIFA is on the Bay of Acre, not very far from the town of Acre, famous in the annals of the Crusades. The ruins of the Crusaders' Wall at Acre may still be seen. It was from the sands of the Bay of Acre that the Tyrian purple was extracted. Mount Carmel, where Elijah challenged and defeated the 450 prophets of Baal, is also close at hand. , Many places.in NAZARETH are identified with the boyhood of Jesus—Mary's Well, the fountain of still sweet water to which the women bring their jars, the grotto of the Carpenter's Shop found under an old church built by the Crusaders. "However deep the builder may be obliged to dig to reach it, no other foundation than the virgin rock contents the Nazarene. The craftsmen ply their several trades, always seated, if it be possible, either at their doors, or in the street. Most of the old-fashioned tools are still in use; but in carpenters' shops the modern innovation of a work-bench Jiasbeen introduced, so that the carpenter stands at his work instead of sitting with his plank on his lap, as it is possible that Joseph the carpenter did nineteen hundred years ago. The dwellings, as elsewhere in the East, are not cumbered with much furniture." (Dr. John Fulton, in "Palestine, the Holy Land.") Tiberias, Magdala, the steep places down which plunged the Gadarene Swine, the slopes on which Christ preached his Sermon on the Mount, all these-are^still pointed out beside the SEA OF GALILEE. At Cana of Galilee, the Greek Church contains an earthen jar which is claimed to be one of those in which the water was turned into wine at the marriage feast. The spring is still shown from which the water is said to have been drawn for Christ's first miracle. The fishermen are still hauling in their nets as in the days of the Apostles "The soil of the plain of Gennesareth is wonderfully rich, j&ijd flowers spring up everywhere. Tulips, anemones and irises carpet the ground. The plain is almost a parallelogram, shut in ow- th%#orth and south by steep cliffs, nearly a thousand feet high, broken here and there into terraces, but nowhere easily to be climbed. On the west side the hills recede not quite so precipitously, and streams of black basalt boulders, encroach upon the plain. The shore line is gently embayed and the beach is pearly white—one mass of triturated fresh-water shells— and edged by a fringe of the exquisitely lovely oleanders." Dr. Tristram. Page Twenty-seven THE HOLY LAND JERUSALEM has been destroyed and rebuilt so often (sixteen times at least) that some of the original streets in David's Royal City are now eighty feet underground. Traces of the wall built by Herod may still be found at the Wailing Place of the Jews. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is built on the traditional rock of Calvary and in the centre of the church is the traditional tomb of Christ. The Mosque of Omar, or Dome of the Rock, covers the rock on the summit of Mount Moriah on which Abraham offered the sacrifice of Isaac. Here was the original Temple of Solomon, and here, according to the Mohammedans, the Angel Gabriel will blow the Last Trumpet. Below it is the Garden of Gethsemane, now much frequented by pilgrims. David's Tower is one of the buildings that was standing in the days of Christ. Very impressive is the view from the neighboring Mount Olivet, with its panorama of Jerusalem, Judea and the Dead Sea. "Jerusalem is the pilgrimage city of the world. Sacred to the Christians, the centre of Jewish religious devotion and national dreams, it is also a second Mecca to the Mohammedans . . . The prophet Mohammed himself said that one prayer was worth a thousand elsewhere. The Christians of the Eastern churches are brought up in much the same faith . . . From the wilds of Abyssinia, from the flat plains of Egypt, from the mountain fastnesses of Greece, and from all over Russia, even to the borders of Siberia, they come to drop their tears upon the tomb." (Frank G. Carpenter, in "The Holy Land and Syria.**) f .Ti msrib c44 THE HOLY LAND BETHLEHEM is only a few miles from Jerusalem. The road from the Jaffa gate follows the route taken by the Wise Men from the East. It passes the field of Boaz where Ruth gleaned her wheat, and the field in which the Shepherds watched their sheep. It passes near the spot where David slew Goliath. It passes a square building with a dome known as Rachel's Tomb, built on or near the pillar that Jacob set up on his wife's grave. The Church of the Nativity is built on the site of a grotto which tradition identifies with the birthplace of Jesus. This was built by the Emperor Constantine in 330 A.D. and is thus the oldest Christian edifice in the world. It is held jointly by the three sects of the Latin, Greek and Armenian churches. The Shrine of the Nativity is lit up with fifteen lamps which are never allowed to go out. To-day Bethlehem is busy with the manufacture of rosaries and of crufixes of olive-wood and mother-of-pearl. The women have a distinctive, and picturesque costume, with head-dress richly ornamented. DAMASCUS is a city which was contemporary with Sodom and Gomorrah, and is the oldest city in the world. You can pass along the "Street called Straight" and see the very wall down which St. Paul was let in a basket. The bazaars are the most fascinating in the Orient, made up of vaulted streets with niches for stores. Shoes inlaid with mother-of-pearl, sugared almonds, brass and silverware, rugs, inlaid woodwork, rubies, silks, these and a thousand other things attract and tempt the passer-by. Not the least attractive of the many wonders of this city is its extraordinary population. Here are to be found representatives of every nation of the world, all crying their wares and asking you just six times the price which they are willing to accept. Page Thirty it* ■■'■ Jr1^ ■ -!_# ■ '.y^mm'r, EGYPT ALEXANDRIA was founded about 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great, and remained the capital of Egypt for the Greeks and the Romans over a thousand years. Under the Caesars it grew to be second only to Rome. To-day the Royal Palaces where Cleopatra once reigned in voluptuous splendour have sunk, with the land they were built on, under the sea. The train journey of 130 miles from Alexandria to CAIRO passes through the fertile Nile Delta, the soil in which, silting up at the rate of four inches in a century, is over 70 feet deep. No wonder that from time immemorial there has been "corn in Egypt." PORT SAID is the port from which those on the Empress of Scotland Round the World Cruise who do not wish to travel overland by way of Jerusalem will entrain for CAIRO. While the steamer leisurely proceeds to Suez, its passengers will spend the time in the Land of the Pharaohs. CAIRO itself, "The Mother of the World" according to the Arab phrase, is the largest City in Africa, with nearly a million inhabitants. Its magnificent Museum contains the treasures of four thousand years of Pharaohs, including the recently discovered marvels of the tomb of Tut-ankh-amen. Among the buildings of exceptional interest are the Mosque of El Azhar, "The Resplendent," greatest of Mohammedan Universities, dating from the year 971, thronged each year by ten thousand students from the Gold Coast to Java and Sumatra, the Mosque of Amr, the Domed Tombs of the Mameluke Sultans, the tall slender minarets of the Mosque and Fort of Mohammed Ali, in the centre of which is Joseph's Well, the Mosques of Tulun, Kalaun, Barbuk, Kait Bay and that of Sultan Hassan, dating from 1358. In the streets of Cairo the snake charmer will make his cobras dance on the sidewalk. In the native bazaars you can buy exquisite gold and silver embroideries, hammered brass, inlaid furniture, the red and black glazed pottery from Assiout, silks. Egyptian mats or applique sail cloth. Here are the water-carriers you have seen in so many pictures, the red- aproned sellers of sherbet with their ornamental jars. The first Arab settlement at Cairo was Fustat, the City of Tents, dating from about 641 A.D. This was near the modern tower of Heiiopolis beside the fortress of On, the ruins of which still remain. At On there was once a University at which Moses and Plato in their day were students. Cairo itself, the City of the Caliphs' Palaces, was established in 969 by Saladin, the chivalrous leader of the Saracens against Richard Cceur de Lion and his Crusaders. Page Thirty-three ■W* EGYPT AUTOMOBILES, carriages and guides will be provided for a drive round this fascinating city, and excursions are arranged for passengers by both Cruises, for the Pyramids of Ghizeh and the Sphinx. This marvelous piece of sculpture, carved from a ridge of rock reinforced with masonry, guards the Cemetery of Memphis, once the Metropolis of Egypt. There will also be an excursion on the River Nile by steamer to Bedrechein and return for passengers on the Empress of Scotland Round the World Cruise. "Egypt is the gift of the Nile," said Herodotus, the old Greek historian. According to legend, the Nile is the oldest river in the World. 3.473 miles long, and drains an area of over a million square miles, although there are no branches from within 1,700 miles of its outlet, On the river banks Abraham pitched his tent, but two thousand years before that the Sphinx was carved out of the solid rock, and civilization has been traced into a "still remoter antiquity of four thousand years before even the Sphinx lifted mysterious eyes over the desert. The train from Cairo to SUEZ passes through the Biblical Land of Goshen. Near Zazazig are the ruins of Bubastis, a city built by theTsraelites. From the car windows one looks over the wide plains through which two thousand years ago Joseph- and Mary fled from Palestine with the infant Jesus. Page Thirty-four V_4 v VALLEY OF THE KINGS // / AN optional excursion, in connection with the Mediterranean Cruise of the Empress of France, has been arranged for those who desire to visit THEBES and the VALLEY OF THE KINGS, where the sepulchres of Tut-ankh-amen, Rameses III, VI and IX, Seti I and others have yielded marvellous records of the past. It is four hundred and fifty miles from Cairo to Luxor, and a.pleasant way of making the trip is to go by train and return by boat down the broad water highway of the Nile. The waters of the River Nile are the life-blood of the country, and now, as in the time of the Pharaohs, the life, health and prosperity of the people are governed by their flow. When Great Britain undertook the government of the country of the people of Egypt half a century ago, they were content to starve or feast, just as the river flooded or ran dry. The British immediately commenced operations designed to control as far as possible the flow of water. The construction of the Assouan, the world's largest dam, has permitted the storing of flood water in great artificial lakes until it is needed in dry years. Luxor, just across the river from Thebes, is a modern city and possessed of excellent hotels. It is the usual city of residence for those who are visiting the tombs of the Kings. The. Colossi of Memnon, two gigantic seated figures, are the first landmarks on the plain of Thebes. Then "that strange fascinating strip of barren land which is strewn with temples and honeycombed with tombs. At the foot of these tiger- colored precipices Theodore M. Davis found the sepulchre of Queen Hatshepsu, the Queen Elizabeth of the Old Egyptian world .... here to the north is the temple of Kurna, and over there the Rames- seum; those rows of little pillars close under the mountain are the pillars of Hatshepsu's temple, which bears upon its walls the pictures of the expedition to the historic land of Punt . . . beyond to the west is the temple of Deir-el-Medinet. with its judgment of the dead . . . This turmoil of sun-baked earth and rock, grey, yellow, pink, orange and red, awakens the curiosity, summons the love of the strange, suggests that it holds secrets to charm the souls of men." Robert Hichens, in "Egypt and its Monuments." To these celebrated memorials have recently been added the tomb of King Tut-ankh-amen, richer perhaps in treasure than all the other tombs combined. The excavations here are still in .progress. Page Thirty-six / / A \ ^ \ M \\\\ / j 4T ( a. *_. \ a ,v lr^. W- fk*?k / / in, Ss at $&:.■ IX V JL JL^f JL-/ JL jlIl BOMBAY, the next port of call, is one of the great seaports of the world A stay of a week has been allowed here, so as to enable those who take this Cruise, not only to see the sights in this fascinating city of the Orient, thronged as it is with the peoples of a hundred races, but also to tour inland to see Delhi, the exquisitely beautiful Taj Mahal at Agra. and Benares, also to cross India, rejoining the ship at Colombo. In the Great Bazaar the native merchants offer their richly decorated wares and handicrafts. Not far off are the Hanging Gardens and the Towers of Silence, where the Parsee Worshippers of Fire dispose of their dead. The Victoria and Northbrook Gardens are set out with flowers in tropical profusion. DELHI, with its celebrated street, the Chandni Chauk, was the capital of the Afghan and Mohammedan Empires and is now the official Capital of British India. Here is the Fort and Palace of Shah Jehan, superbly decorated with inlaid work and carving, notable for the Painted Pajace of the Chief Sultana, the Royal Baths, and the Audience Hall with its inscription "If there is a Heaven on Earth, it is this—it is this!" Here, too, is the Jarna Masjid, claimed to be the finest mosque in India. The battered walls of the Kashmere Gate recall the historic days of the Indian Mutiny. S\ AGRA, another walled city, was the Capital of the Mogul rulers before it yielded place of honour to Delhi in 1658. Deeply interesting are the Fort with Shah Jehan's Glass Palace and the Pearl Mosque, the Anguri Bagh or Grape Garden, and the various palaces. But exquisite above all is the Taj Mahal or Peerless Crown, built for Queen Nur Jehan in 1630. Twenty thousand workmen took twenty-two years to build this marvelous structure. Page Thirty-nine mmm im "Iinflux INDIA-CEYLON ti BENARES, the Holy City of the Hindoos and the capital of Brahminism, has fifteen hundred temples and mosques and is visited by over a million pilgrims every year. From the Ghats, or bathing steps, the pious wash away their sins in the sacred waters of the Ganges. At the Burning Ghats the dead are burned and thrown into the river. The Masjid of Aurungzebe, marked out by its two minarets, commands a notable view of this amazing city. CALCUTTA, on the Hooghly, is a hundred miles inland from the Bay of Bengal. The splendid houses of the rich merchant princes vie with the palaces of the Indian potentates, With its swarming population of a million and a quarter, Hindoo, Mohammedan and Christian, Calcutta offers endless fascination to the student of the human race. The present Post Office covers the spot once known as the Black Hole of Calcutta. Most thrilling of all railroad trips is that to DARJEELING, the famous summer resort in the Himalayas. The train climbs up 7,000 feet in fifty miles, with glorious views of Mount Everest and Kinchinjunga. CEYLON. As the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND approaches COLOMBO, Adam's Peak looms in the background, famous for the titanic footprint which the Mohammedans say was made by Adam after his banishment from the Garden of Eden, when he stood on one foot for a hundred years by way of penance. The harbor of Colombo is protected by a splendid breakwater against which the wildest storms of the south-west Monsoon break themselves in vain. Since 1795, Ceylon has been a Crown Colony in the British Empire. To-day it is one of the great tea producing countries, and owing to the wealth of its pearl fisheries is known as the "pearl garden of the world." Four days are scheduled for Ceylon. Drives are arranged to Victoria Park, through the Pettah, or picturesque native quarter, and through the luxuriant avenues of palms to Galle. The red roads, the brilliant vegetation and the gay costumes combine to make a picture of intensely vivid color. The streets are thronged with Singhalese, shaven Tamils from Southern India, Arabs, Parsees and white-capped Moormen. Highly picturesque are the bullock-bandies or two wheeled carts with hoods of cocoanut leaf drawn by yoked oxen. A trip will be made to Mount Lavinia, and an excursion to KANDY, the ancient Capital, on the shores of a lovely lake, celebrated in particular for the temple containing Buddha's Tooth. The road into the interior climbs through a succession of romantic gorges, and overlooks the great plantations. The island is rich in rubies, sapphires and moonstones, and the natives are skilful in the crafts of jewellery. At Kandy the botanical gardens of Pera- deniya are particularly interesting to the lover of tropical flowers. *s%_* »% Page Forty SUMATRA JAVA m The EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND now enters the Malay Archipelago with its picturesque and romantic seacraft and skylines of volcanic mountains soaring over 11,000 feet high. Padang—Pandjang is probably the least European of all the places visited on this World Cruise. Its quaint steep-roofed houses of carved wood and native Sumatran costumes are a delight to the photographer. The scenery traversed from the port of Emma Harbour to Padang itself is entranc- ingly beautiful. Unique are the native dances and the shadow pantomimes; alluring indeed are the curios, the batik and the masterpieces of native craft. In Sumatra and Java we are in the mysterious country and sub-tropical paradise of Joseph Conrad's romances. Pa&e Forty-two THE next port is BATAVIA, capital of the Dutch East Indies, on the island of Java, According to.the geologists, this island is essentially volcanic, for volcanic forces made it, occasionally devastate it, and continue to fertilise it. The Botanical Gardens of Buitenzorg are unrivalled for the study of tropical flora, and the island contains over 5,000 known species of plants, including 562 varieties of orchids; So luxuriant is the vegetation that even tall trees are found in blossom. The Ethnological Museum at Batavia is of fascinating interest. Among the crafts for which the Javanese are noted, that of the decorated cloth, known as batik, appeals particulary to the artist. Page Forty-Three /Aterf r^* ^BRflLv *M-B* % o 9 d 9 <*% -, © & © © $_ f m « «* & «£ ■ | m « * * %% *-*. : SINGAPORE SINGAPORE, known in Malay history as the City of the Lion, is essentially a city of the British lion. It is the Gibraltar of the East, and owing to its position between India, Hongkong and Australia looms large in the naval expenditure of the British Empire. Its harbour is one of the most fascinating in the world, owing to the variety of the craft that take shelter in its roomy shelter, for it is the chief entrepot for the East Indian traders. Ships of every nation are to be found lying off its docks; most picturesque of all being the Malay sailing vessels, for the Malays are a great sea-faring race and owing to their peculiar characteristics have been termed sea-gypsies. Singapore, on an island, at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, is'the busy capital of the Straits Settlements, with a population of over 300,000. Tin and rubber, spices and gums, rattan and copra, are some of the exports of this Malaysian port. Half the tin of the world is said to have passed through the smelting works on the island of Pulau Brani, and the rubber plantations are of enormous value. The population is a highly colored epitome of the Orient. In 1911 there were in the Straits Settlements 240,000 Malays, 370,000 Chinese and 82,000 natives of India. The Chinese, who are steadily immigrating into the country, are particularly successful as gardeners and farmers. In the Tanglin Botanical Gardens part of the original jungle is enclosed. Particularly interesting are the tropical lilies in the lake. Native culture can be studied in the Malay Theatre, and European culture in the famous Raffles Hotel. The porticoed shops provide endless entertainment to those on the look-out for oriental fabrics and curios. One of the most interesting features of the Singapore programme will be the fifteen mile motor drive to JOHORE BAHRU, capital ot the State of Johore, known as the Oriental Monte Carlo and dominated by the splendid palace built by the Sultan Abubakur. Very picturesque is the contrast between the luxurious gum foliage of this tropical island (only 78 miles from the equator) and the red coloured roads. The race course, polo ground and golf courses provide ample entertainment for the Europeans; the ladies have their own golf links. The dominating figure in Singapore history is that of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who in 1787, at the age of sixteen, became a clerk with the East India company, learned the Malay tongue and revived an old. trading post at Malacca. At thirty he invaded and captured Java from the French, but five years later was recalled by the English who returned the island to the Dutch, its original governors. Then, believing the Dutch were attempting to extend their suzerainty over the entire East, he purchased the island of Singapore from the Sultan of Rhio, who also was Penghulu of Johore, on February 6, 1819, and placed it under the jurisdiction of Bengal. Seven years later the Straits Settlements were formed, and in 1867 they became a crown colony , of Great Britain. Thus, Sir Thomas founded the city whose position destined it to become not only "the Key to the East" but also its "coal hole," for it is said that a ship can be coaled more quickly here by hand, than anywhere else in the world. v II V •'- ::,.- : Page Forty-four MANI LA The Spanish discoverers called the PHILIPPINES the "Pearl of the Orient." Magellan, the heroic and ill-fated explorer, set foot on these islands in 15 21. In 15 70 the first permanent settlement was made and Manila founded. In 1898 they passed into the possession of the United States. Today they form an interesting object lesson in what twenty-six years of American efficiency have made in comparison with three centuries of Spanish government. There are 1,000 miles of first-class roads, and irrigation plans are under way to water 1,000,000 acres. Modern Manila is being laid out under a town planning scheme designed by that distinguished architect, the late D. H. Burnham. There are now 600 miles of railway. The archipelago (which comprises over 3,000 distinct islands, of which 350 are over a mile square) is hilly and mountainous. Two- thirds of its land surface is covered with forests: gutta percha, India rubber, and other gum-yielding trees abound. The climate, more salubrious than most tropical climates, varies little throughout the year. Manila, pn Luzon Island, the capital of the group, with a population of about 300,000, has a deep and safe harbour with an enormous commerce, and is the largest hemp market in the world. During the days spent in this interesting port, an automobile drive will be taken round the city along the Escolta, or main street, with its bazaars and European stores, to the Luneta, or fashionable driveway, and the old Spanish walled city with its convents, monasteries, palaces, mediaeval moats and picturesque Spanish houses. The Carabao, or water buffalo, still shares the road with the high-powered motor car. Very impressive is the stately pile of the Cathedral. Cockfighting, although prohibited in Manila, is still the chief sport of the natives, and "in the average country town the cockpit shares with the church the distinction of being the most conspicuous building in the place." Page Forty-six HONG KONG HONGKONG, established as an outpost of the British Empire, is one of the great seaports of the world, swarming with steamers, sailing ships, junks and sampans. This is not surprising when one realizes that of cotton goods alone, China has an annual consumption "which would carpet a roadway sixty feet wide from here to the moon." Founded in 1841, the City of Victoria has grown to be an amphitheatre of substantial edifices round one of the busiest harbours in the Orient. "It sheers up out of the water—a huge rock, green to the top, where it isn't stone-grey with streets and houses. Great Britain's other Rock, Gibraltar, may be more impressive, but Hongkong stands at the crossroads of the East, and the trade that flows in and out of this marvellous harbour at its feet would turn Gibraltar dizzy. For at one time (not so long ago), it was the greatest port in the world in point of in and out tonnage." Hongkong is a free port with a delightful freedom from customs formalities, and has its own currency. The curio shops maintain an inexhaustible fascination for the traveler, and the stores are rich in Canton black wood furniture, Swatow lace and porcelain. A well built military road winding round the island on which Victoria is built offers a delightful motor trip. The Peak, 1,800 feet above the sea, commands a magnificent view, and no one should miss visiting the Flag-staff, with its wide panorama of city and harbour. So pleasant is the winter climate that Hongkong is becoming one of the most popular winter resorts in the Orient. CANTON, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, where, 2,000,000 people live on land and 200,000 on water-craft, is eighty miles from Hongkong. In addition to the famous Canton furniture, the local wares include tortoise shell, lacquer, fans, pottery, ivory carving, lanterns, inlaid ware, ebony and silk. The Chinese city is a labyrinth of dark and narrow streets. "He dreams afterwards, as a nightmare, of this city of Oriental riches and barbaric splendor, the city of the greatest wealth and the direst poverty, and he sees again the narrow, seething thoroughfares, the blaze of gold and vermilion, the glitter and glow of showy interiors, where if the Queen of Sheba did not live, she certainly went a-shopping." Among the sights are the Temple of Honan, the houses for sacred pigs and poultry, the Flowery Pagoda, the Temple of the Five Genii, and the Calamity Bell. Highly decorated barges, known as Flower Boats and used as restaurants, add gaiety to the night. Page Forty-nine s '*/ Page Fifty SHANGHAI SHANGHAI is the commercial capital of North China, and the largest foreign settlement of the Orient. The French Settlement is a separate municipality, while the British and Americans are united in the International Settlement. Every nation in Europe and most of the nations of Asia are represented in this, the most cosmopolitan city in the world. Shanghai is built on a tributary of the Yangtse Kiang, and taps for its trade a population of 200,000,000 people. The Bund is a street consisting chiefly of modern six-storey buildings. Its most famous edifice is the Shanghai Club, with a bar 110 feet long, said to be the longest in the world. Nanking Road is the great shopping street, with Chinese department stores and amusement palaces. The Bubbling Well Road, famous in many a romance, is a continuation of this road, and leads to the Race Course. In the native city the Thieves' Market is notable for its curios, although the best and most reliable curio shops are to be found in the International Settlement, and the Willow Pattern Tea House is the objective of every tourist in China. Shanghai is the dramatic capital of China, and the theatres are well worth a visit. PEKING PEKING has been the Capital of China for 900 years, and is on the same parallel of latitude as Madrid. The opening of the Forbidden City to the foreigner has made it one of the most fascinating tourist objectives in the world. The best view of the city is from Chien Men, the tower on the South Wall of the Tartar City, from which one can look down on the gaily colored tile roofs of temples, pagodas and palaces, and also upon the swarm of human life. The springless mule-drawn Peking cart, the sedan chair, the ricksha, the double-humped Bacterian Camel, are still to be seen along with the automobile. Porcelains, silks, embroideries, cloisonne, lanterns, rugs, carvings and curios can be secured here as in no other Chinese City. In the south of the Chinese City is the Temple of Heaven, containing the Palace of Abstinence, the blue tiled Temple of the Happy Year and the Altar of Heaven, the most sacred object in China. Fascinating is the famous Summer Palace, with its beautiful grounds and halls with yellow-tiled roofs and brilliantly decorated eaves. "And the whole of six hundred years of Chinese history has gone into the making of the quaint palace doors and windows shaped like vases and fans and teapots; the boathouse where the imperial barge used to lie; the spring that trickles through its intricate stone tracery, made to go slowly so that it won't carry good luck away; the rock gardens, so strange to our western eyes, where all the flowers are twisted stone; the Bridge of Ten Thousand Years; the theatre where the Empress watched the classic three-day plays; the Throne Hall of Purple Effulgence where she gave her last audience to the Dalai Lama in his gorgeous yellow robes, and went to join her august ancestors at the Place of the Nine Springs." An excursion will be made to the Great Wall of China. Page Fifty-two JAPAN KOBE is the climax of the entrancing voyage through the Inland Sea With a population of over 600,000, Kobe presents a typical picture of modern Japan, while at the same time the Buddhist temples and Shinto Shrines preserve the character of the old. The "ricsha" of China is in Japan known as the jinricksha, but is always the same private portable throne. Excursions have been arranged to Kyoto and Nara. KYOTO. This sacred city, for a thousand years the Capital of Japan, illus-- trates in its temples, shrines, museums and palaces the history and art of a fascinating people. Beautifully situated in an amphitheatre of mountains, its parks arid gardens provide a calendar of floral festivals unrivalled anywhere in the world. The plum-blossom will be in flower at the time when the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND reaches Japan. On March 3rd is the Girls Festival or Feast of Dolls when every Japanese town or village is prettily decked out with dolls and the sweet beverage of Shiro-Zake is drunk. The skill of the Japanese excels in Kyoto silks, crepes, fans, porcelains, bronzes, lacquer carvings, damascene, cloisonne and embroideries. Teapot Hill has half a mile of curio shops, each with its fascinating treasures. Of the 950 Buddhist temples and Shinto Shrines, it is hard to select those most worth a visit. Kiomidza Temple, thronged with pilgrims, has a platform 150 feet high from which jealous husbands used to throw their wives. The Hall of 33,000 Buddhas, Higashi Hongwangi, the largest temple in Japan, with a rope made of the hair of 3,500 women, and the Nishi Hongwangi, said to be the most perfect example of Buddhist art in Japan, and the Kuro- dani Temple in its setting of cryptomerias, pines and flowering trees, are each world famous. The Mikado's Palace on its garden, and Nijo Castle, the moated palace of the Shoguns, illustrate the historic past. NARA, still more ancient capital of Japan than Kyoto, has been less influenced perhaps than any other of the cities by European culture. The Kasuga no Miya, a Shinto shrine founded in A.D. 710, the Ni-Gwatser-do or Second Moon Temple, with its roof of swinging lanterns, the Big Bell and the great bronze Daibutsu, are but a few of many relics of the Eighth Century. Wonderful sculptures are to be found in the Nara Museum. Page Fifty-five J A PAN YOKOHAMA and TOKYO, devastated in 1923 by a great earthquake, are rapidly being reconstructed by a courageous people. While it must be many years before the scars left by this great tragedy have been effaced, the progress already made is remarkable, and the study of the reconstruction is in itself an education and an inspiration. KAMAKURA, once a military stronghold, is now little else than a fishing village. The huge bronze Buddha, nearly 55 feet high, with eyes nearly four feet long, has stood for nearly a thousand years, the most impressive image of its kind. NIKKO. Five hours from Tokyo by train, the marvelous shrines of Nikko—"Sunny Splendour"—are set in a semi-circle of towering mountains. Here are grouped the most richly decorated temples in Japan, and the tombs of two great Shoguns. The sacred Red Lacquer Bridge spans a roaring torrent and the roads and mountain slopes are shaded with stately cryptomerias. Broad stone steps, magnificently carved and gilded gates, spacious terraces, lanterned enclosures surrounded with walls of lacquer and gold, lofty roofs with carved gables and crested ridgepoles, panelled ceilings and a multitude of gilded images, silk bordered mats underfoot, the fragrance of incense, the resonant music of gongs and the clang of bells—these are a few of the imperishable memories carried away from a visit to the mausoleums of Jegasu and Jemitsu. The visit to Nikko is a shore excursion available for all passengers on the World Cruise. "Nikko has been a holy place, up in its mountains, since the year 766. It is beautiful the year around. 41 We of the West think in straight lines (or so it seems to us), think symmetrically. But this place is as strange as the other side of the moon, for nothing is colored or carved as we would have done it, nor does one thing lead to another as we would have had it lead Each court, each terrace, each gate draws us farther and farther away from reality as it comes to the mind of the West, till we reach at last to the holy of holies, and are given our green gown, and a little sacred sake in a tiny red and gold lacquered cup." Page Fifty-six S****\ TOgk 0k, L " 4 1 HAWA11 -£T I L.O THE PACIFIC COAST HONOLULU. Fifteen volcanoes rising out of the Pacific to form islands, each with its necklace of coral reef, have made the group known as Hawaii. The natives are the most affable of people, and are best known for their contribution to American music. The first Hawaiians arrived at Honolulu a thousand years ago from Samoa, speaking a language akin to that of the Maoris of New Zealand. The population now comprises all the races of the Pacific. Honolulu, the capital, with its avenues of royal parms, gives the impression of being garlanded with flowers and laden with luscious fruit. At the unrivalled bathing beach of Waikiki, thousands ride the waves in surf canoes or on surf boards. Very impressive is the precipice of Pali, twelve hundred feet above the sea, down which King Oahu's warriors hurled themselves when defeated by Kamehameha. Passengers will enjoy the 90-mile motor drive around the Island, including Pali and the principal points of interest in the City. Coasting along the cliff-bound shores, the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND steams on from Honolulu to HILO, the port from which an easy ascent can be made to the crater of the still active volcano, Kilauea, the largest lake of fire in the world. The road from Hilo to the crater is of. tropical beauty, flanked with titanic ferns and a rich profusion of exotic flowers. In the intervals between eruptions, the lava floor of the crater carries in spots a luxuriant vegetation, though the general impression is one of vast and desolate waste. The pit is three miles across. Leaving Hilo the Empress steams straight across the Pacific towards the United States, and in a little under six days reaches LOS ANGELES. In this beautiful city, with its spacious parks, fine buildings, busy streets and background of orchards, flowers and beaches, the whole region of Southern California is epitomized. The first settlement here was made by Spaniards in 1781. Built upon the plains sloping seaward from the foothills of the Sierra Madre, the northern and western suburbs of Los Angeles reach altitudes that afford inspiring views of surrounding valleys, with the ocean in the distance. The business district, with its many handsome shops and modern buildings, is striking. The many beautiful hotels are also of interest to visitors. Within the city limits, there are twenty-one parks, and these together with the many tree-shaded boulevards and avenues lined with villa homes set amidst greenery and bright blossoms, will charm the visitor. At any time of the year the Los Angeles region has a strong appeal, but particularly so during the winter and spring months, when Nature is verdure-clad and orange trees are aglow with golden fruit. Famous for its part in the development of the "movie," Los Angeles is also a growing industrial point, and its connection with the oil industry has only to be mentioned. Los Angeles is especially favored in its location, between the mountains and the sea— a region of pleasantly diversified landscape, with broad valleys, snow-capped peaks and magnificent stretches of smooth beach. There are picturesque old Franciscan missions, orange groves, vineyards and orchards, cozy bungalow homes and the villas of the affluent, all in a setting of vines and palms and flowers. Paved highways afford delightful motoring through miles of orange groves and through the numerous communities which cluster along the shore. Hollywood is one of the attractive and most noted of the residential sections; a few miles west is Beverley Hills. Among the resort cities nearest to Los Angeles is Pasadena, charmingly situated in the San Gabriel Valley. Page Fifty-eight PANAMA FOR 43.84 nautical miles, passengers on the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND will have the opportunity of studying the engineering miracle of this artificial waterway between two oceans. Gatun Lake is the summit level—85 feet above the sea, it is reached by means of Miraflores Locks (slightly over a mile in length), Miraflores Lake and the Pedro Miguel Locks (5-bth of a mile long), As these locks are of the double-barrelled type, each containing two distinct chambers, ships may be passed in opposite directions at the same time. Each of the twin chambers in every lock has a usable length of 1,000 feet, a width of 11-0 feet, and is 70 feet in depth. Passing through the great Culebra Cut, which is itself eight miles long, the Empress steams a further 24 miles through the picturesque Gatun Lake,— the largest artificially formed lake in the world. Gatun Lake has an area of 164 square miles and a maximum depth of qo feet. The great ship threads a tortuous path in and out of new formed islands,—the hills and mountains of the time before the canal. The Atlantic is reached through the three steps of the Gatun Locks. On our left, as we descend, is the great Gatun Dam, the pivot and centre of the entire canal system. It is built across the historic valley of the Chagris River, which formed the old explorers' and gold-traders' route to Panama and the Pacific. A remarkable system of buoys and lights has made this marvellous canal as safe by night as it is by day. It is thus possible for forty-eight ships to be transferred from one ocean to another in 24 hours. BALBOA, the Pacific terminal port of the canal, takes its name from Vasco Numez de Balboa, the famous Spanish adventurer, who in 1513, 400 years almost to a day before the first test was made of the Gatun Locks, crossed the Isthmus and saw for the first time, the great Pacific. The shores of the Atlantic outlet were visited by Alanzo de Ojeda in 1499 and skirted by Columbus in 1502 while he was searching for a route to India. In that year he actually founded the first colony at Nombre de Dios, close to Cristobal. The old city of Panama, six miles from Balboa, was founded in 1519 and sacked by the buccaneer, Sir Henry Morgan, in 1761. Its ruins.are interesting as the relics of the oldest European town on the mainland of America. Although the Canal has just completed its 11 th year of service, it is old in the thoughts of men. When the discovery of the Straits of Magellan and the consequent mapping of South America convinced the explorers that there was no waterway to the West, in the central latitudes, the Canal-was at once thought of. Alvaro de Saavedra, the companion of Balboa in the discovery of the Pacific, drafted a plan for the cutting of the strait, in 1529. From that time the Canal was an international hope; Spaniards, PVench- men, Britons and Americans, through the centuries, made surveys and developed schemes, formed companies and failed. The Canal made an inescapable appeal to the popular as to the commercial and naval imagination. The American Government was perhaps fortunate in attacking the Isthmus at a time when the mechanical progress of the world had justified the attempt. Page Sixty-one l> HAVA N A LAST port of call on the World Cruise is HAVANA—the Paris of the western hemisphere, rich in history, eternal monument to the one-time greatness of Spain and the daring of her navigators. With Punta castle on the one side, Morro castle and la Cabana on the other, majestically the EMPRESS OF SCOTLAND steams into one of the most beautiful harbours of the world and offers her passengers the entrancing vision of picturesque Havana. Swiftly, memory races back over the pages of history—the Spanish-American war, which grew out of the sinking of the Maine at the very spot over which the Empress will pass; the many Dutch and English attacks upon the port; the sackings and despoilings of pirates; the visit of Sir Francis Drake, Elizabeth's champion of the seas who flouted the power of Spain and finally overthrew the Great Armada. Almost a hidden power seems to turn one's eyes to the very fortresses that were built after Drake's unsuccessful attempt to sack the city. Back, back goes the mind to the discovery of the Island of Cuba by Columbus, in 1492, To the visitor of to-day there are really two Havanas, equally attractive and as different as the old world is from the new. The old city grouped about the Plaza des Armas in the customary Spanish fashion is a curious mixture of the majestic and the squalid. Here is to be seen the famous Columbus Cathedral, which held the bones of the great discoverer until they were removed to Seville on the termination of the disastrous war with the United States. The old Governors Palace and the civil and military administrative buildings, mute evidences of the almost forgotten power of Spain, occupy the other sides of the square. Here too, is to be seen the oldest European building in the new world, the fortress of la Fuerza which was constructed in 1538 and was for many years the chief defence of the city. From its roof, an old-time look-out, the visitor obtains a truly magnificent view of the harbour, the city and its environs. There is another Havana, a monument, not to hoary age, but to the genius and generosity of a modern nation. When the Americans occupied the city in 1898 they found a beautiful relic of other times crusted unfortunately with the dirt and decay of age. The old city they swept and garnished, gave it the sanitation, lighting and transportation of a modern metropolis and left an ornament to the whole world. About it they erected a city on their own model—a city of wide streets, great spaces and beautiful parks. Page Sixty-two I Page Sixty-three
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-237-8
Canadian Pacific cruises : round the world and Mediterranean, 1925-1926
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