CONTENTdm
C.P.R. steamships
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Travel
Tourism
Steamboats
Ocean travel
Ocean liners
Menus
Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Canadian Pacific Steamships
Menus, postcards, pamphlets and Canadian Pacific sheets featuring sketches of places visited and calendars of cruise events and activities housed in a large C.P.R. folder.
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8 10 TEN IMPORTANT POINTS (Continued) HOTEL ACCOMMODATION When hotel accommodation ashore is included in tickets, due regard will be given, as far as practicable, to Members' requests for one hotel or another, consistent with priority of application and the amount of accommodation available, but no guarantee can be entered into. Attention is drawn to the fact that rooms with bath are not included in Cruise fare. The Cruise Office should be given early advice of any special hotel requirements when every effort will be made to secure same, but no guarantee can be entered into thereon. OPTIONAL SHORE EXCURSIONS Members holding Exchange Orders issued ashore for Optional Shore Excursions are respectfully requested to turn them in at the Cruise Office promptly when called for, in order that final arrangements may be made in respect of each party. As the Optional Excursions are limited In respect tu numbers, Members desirous of availing themselves of such, and who have not already purchased orders for them ashore, should enquire at the Cruise Office as to vacancies available. The Canadian Pacific makes arrangements in advance for the Optional Excursions and Overland Tours and is required to pay for all facilities ordered, therefore no cancellations or alterations may be made in connection with such Excursions and Tours after the books are closed, the date for which will be announced aboard ship. MEALS ON BOARD Two sittings will be arranged for meals on board ship, to be served at fixed hours. Necessary alterations in meal hours to conform with shore excursion arrangements will be notified on ship's Bulletin Boards. Where a continuous or running meal is notified, Cruise Members should take any seat available and not wait until their own becomes vacant. Regular meal hours on board will be as follows: First Second Sitting Sitting Breakfast 8.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. Luncheon 12.30 p.m. 1.30 p.m. Dinner 6.15 p.m. 7.30 p.m. PORT DEPARTURES Cruise Members are respectfully requested to advise their Room Stewards of their re-embarkation on the ship preparatory to its sailing. Sailing date and departure hour from each port will be conspicuously posted. The ship will sail promptly at the hour advertised to meet tidal or other urgent reasons of operation and the Company cannot accept any responsibility for members failing to re-join the ship. CRUISE OFFICE The Cruise Office will be open daily from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. except while the ship is in port, when the Staff is engaged with shore excursion duties. Firearms are prohibited everywhere PLEASE WATCH THE SHIP'S BULLETIN BOARDS FOR ANY ALTERATIONS IN SHORE PROGRAMMES AND FOR OTHER MATTERS ESSENTIAL TO THE COMFORT OF MEMBERS AND GENERAL CONDUCT OF THE CRUISE. CANADIAN PACIFIC SOUTH AMERICA-AFRICA CRUISE Duchess of Atholl, 1929 FOR THE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE OF ALL AND GENERAL CONDUCT OF THE CRUISE, MEMBERS ARE REQUESTED TO STUDY CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING TEN IMPORTANT POINTS PORT REGULATIONS—ARRIVAL Landing at most ports is prohibited until after the ship has been 1 passed by the Health, Immigration and Police authorities. Due notice will be given regarding attendance of Cruise Members and delay and discomfort to all will be avoided by prompt attention to these important m fitters PARTY REGISTRATION Cruise Members are respectfully requested to note the following, which will apply generally when making up parties for shore excursions: It is realized that Cruise Members will wish, when travelling ashore, to move with friends. For this reason it is not desirable that allotments to Party A, B or C, etc., should be made at the Cruise Office without giving members an opportunity to voice their preference for one party or another. 2 Prior to reaching each port, shore programmes will be distributed, to enable members to study shore and party arrangements. Members should then decide with whom they would like to go sightseeing and register for the party of their choice. As the various parties are restricted in number, party allotments will be made in the order in which applications are received. Timely notice will be given members of the date, place and hour at which each port party registration will be opened. When registration is made party allotment cards will be issued. Non-attendance at Party Registrations Shore excursion features are identical for all parties. To many, therefore, it will be a matter of indifference with which party they move. Should Cruise Members not register for any party, it will be assumed by the Cruise Office that the matter of party allotment has been left in their hands and allotment will be made and party card sent to member's room. SHORE EXCURSIONS 3 To avoid congestion and confusion and to ensure their own comfort, Cruise Members are respectfully requested to adhere to the hour shown for the movement of their party and to move only with that party. DISEMBARKATION Members will best study their own comfort and convenience by avoid- A ing crowding in the corridors or at the gangway. Fifteen minutes before the assembly hour for each party, a gong will be sounded throughout the ship. Members should remain on deck or other convenient place pending such notification. MOTOR CARS In filling motor cars for shore excursions, the Cruise Management work, wherever possible, on the rule of placing four persons in each seven- seated car and three persons in each five-seated car, in addition to the driver. Cruise Members constituting themselves into small party groups for motor car trips should proceed ashore promptly together to give them- 5 selves every opportunity of securing the desired space, keeping in view car loading as already stated. It is respectfully notified that conveyances cannot be held for those arriving late, as the common comfort and convenience of all must be studied by the Management. The co-operation of Members of the Cruise is earnestly solicited by the Management, looking to the convenience, comfort and pleasure of all concerned. AA EM OG7Z AM T=~ROM M6A1QGRAM "PROAA CANADIAN VAClflC §OUTH /\M£#/CA -Africa cruise /sAEAAOGr'RAM FTSOAA ,.ddA-Td- < ■'..', :■■ >. --its.-,.*-.: -. ftTd ■- zy. "222' j\ Ad ' T ' : ;r, '■• •'-' %>& '2-3 -:M " ■'.>:. ydZyy* ..yy.- ■'•z-ftzd:-^ did MEMOGUAM TkOM Si fiABMOGRAM FROM MEMOgr-RAM or v^THE LOK*£LV ISLAND" MEMOGKAAA FROM A Friendly Native of Africa *n tf >V, c*/>j ■-'••> <,■*■*■■•■#;? ■' ft- . f.>v S. dTi m mm ■y.2*"\T 7/22 '3Z:i -Mh^ ft -3''. '■ • Z-''H\ zi'3,Vz f r W M% 4 CANAOIAN PACI F IC r POST ON BOARp AAeAAO<ST*A/V\ pacific [( AkFJ n ^Having- a Joy-Ride " "RIO ee JANEIRO CANADIAN t*AC»P!C { .-~, — v>. POST issuer? ON B0AR£> CAWAplAN/ Tac/fic -/KF&ICA CARD ' VUCHGSS If /1 \ Li -\ 3ft, Na-Uve Life of Vivid Hue.,. POST I $5U£D 7SS? ICARD South AfziE/vcA I ^~" M v ^ ~/*F/*/CA | X>uchB3S CmjlSB ? Of* ATHOU. II ?\ I J Na-fcive Life of Vivid Hue... Zanzibar r POST. 1 SSO £ D OH DOAWP H\ e*A*KS~ IK A AA South Amex/ga CARD 1>UCm£3S of* ATHOLL i % ii II ■ ^"ft'^^L A A S-ttxdy irx Sartorial Splendor,.. EGYPT AA.eAAO ©•« AAA POST issu eo\ SouthAtAe/ztcA \\—.r\\\U O&U/SE JDUCHBSS OfZA-r&CfJLL S3 > > ^^ -J r ^*^ 5'd^^^^ff^^: ■:■'■ — • * — "• .. r*iiiux..i^,r.r.J^-^-^w\3-i . 3* *£**.-. 1. -- fra^a smu^.. t CANADIAN PACIFIC r MtMOGRAM o.vj BOARP ^an/apiAm , } j Pacific tjCARD 1 T*uczd e ,5 s >>:■-:-.'.- Greeting? from ±he Tip o£ Soixtk Africa '^v '* •'" rv d 2/^22.: 22^ VTdryd -^yz y*&3Z;., ftvZT- di^^id^-:^^ "C:^y, " r.- x , ". ^'2'.ft^^>'2d \^^2d2d'2dz d7. \-Hr "^^W.... ^.ftft-Td-y^22^dftft'dz ^'- ~2ZzZ33id.2332l 2-ft --dyr-.d&d^ & -*&T: *fsy--yd **] CAM'A"OfAM \^^\TZ*dlZ£- POST I SSUfD ON &OATZ& /\AB /wO <3 f^ AV> CA^ACVA>W -pA.Clf=IC Soor/i At^tRlQA ■AP72ICA C7ZU/S£ CARD &vchess O/^- ATHOLL, y /I 01 i AlLA Shore Arrangements at Dar-es—Salaam m CANADIAN PACIFIC SOUTH AMERICA-AFRICA CRUISE Duchess of Atholl 1929 HOUSE FLAG OF CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 4 Watch for thld Flag oris All Our" Conveyances PLEASE REMEMBER THE NUMBER OF YOUR CONVEYANCE TEN IMPORTANT POINTS PORT REGULATIONS—ARRIVAL Landing at most ports is prohibited until after the ship has been passed by the Health, Immigration and Police authorities. Due notice will be given regarding attendance of Cruise Members and delay and discomfort to all will be avoided by prompt attention to these important matters. PARTY REGISTRATION Cruise Members are respectfully requested to note the following, which will apply generally when making up parties for shore excursions: It is realized that Cruise Members will wish, when travelling ashore, to move with friends. For this reason it is not desirable that allotments to Party A, B or C, etc., should be made at the Cruise Office without giving members an opportunity to voice their preference for one party or another. Prior to reaching each port, shore programmes will be distributed, to enable members to study shore and party arrangements. Members should then decide with whom they would like to go sightseeing and register for the party of their choice. As the various parties are restricted in number, party allotments will be made in the order in which applications are received. Timely notice will be given members of the date, place and hour at which each port party registration will be opened. When registration is made party allotment cards will be issued. Non-attendance at Party Registrations Shore excursion features are identical for all parties. To many, therefore, it will be a matter of indifference with which party they move. Should Cruise Members not register for any party, it will be assumed by the Cruise Office that the matter of party allotment has been left in their hands and allotment will be made and party card sent to member's room. SHORE EXCURSIONS To avoid congestion and confusion and to ensure their own comfort, Cruise Members are respectfully requested to adhere to the hour shown for the movement of their party and to move only with that party. DISEMBARKATION Members will best study their own comfort and convenience by avoiding crowding in the corridors or at the gangway. Fifteen minutes before the assembly hour for each party, a gong will be sounded throughout the ship. Members should remain on deck or other convenient place pending such notification. MOTOR CARS In filling motor cars for shore excursions, the Cruise Management work, wherever possible, on the rule of placing four persons in each seven- seated car and three persons in each five-seated car, in addition to the driver. Cruise Members constituting themselves into small party groups for motor car trips should proceed ashore promptly together to give themselves every opportunity of securing the desired space, keeping in view car loading as already stated. It is respectfully notified that conveyances cannot be held for those arriving late, as the common comfort and convenience of all must be studied by the Management. The co-operation of Members of the Cruise is earnestly solicited by the Management, looking to the convenience, comfort and pleasure of all concerned. ♦ DAR-ES-SALAAM TANGANYIKA SUNDAY, MARCH 24 The Duchess of Atholl is due to arrive at anchorage outside Dar-es-Salaam harbor about 6 a.m. After harbor formalities have been complied with landing will be made by the ship's boats in tow. The entire day will be free for independent action— no conveyances provided. To facilitate debarkation, Cruise Members will be divided into two parties—A and B. The following boat service will be maintained between ship and shore:— A Party (Red Card) 8.00 a.m. —Leave ship 9.00 a.m.—Arrive jetty 12.00 noon—Leave jetty 1.00 p.m. —Luncheon on board 2.00 p.m. —Leave ship 3.00 p.m. —Arrive jetty 5.00 p.m. —Leave jetty 6.30 p.m. —Dinner on board B Party (White Card) 8.30 a.m.—Leave ship 9.30 a.m.—Arrive jetty 12.30 p.m.—Leave jetty 1.30 p.m.—Luncheon on board 2.30 p.m.—Leave ship 3.30 p.m.—Arrive jetty 5.30 p.m.—Leave jetty 7.00 p.m.—Dinner on board For the general comfort of all, Cruise Members are respectfully requested to adhere to the schedule for their party and move only with that party. MONDAY, MARCH 25 The Duchess of Atholl will leave promptly at 3 a.m. for Zanzibar. East African money is the currency for Dar-es-Salaam and may be obtained at the Purser's Office prior to landing. Agents—Smith Mackenzie & Company Dar-es-Salaam Memoranda Memoranda 3 TEN IMPORTANT POINTS (Continued) HOTEL ACCOMMODATION When hotel accommodation ashore is included in tickets, due regard will be given, as far as practicable, to Members' requests for one hotel or another, consistent with priority of application and the amount of 6 accommodation available, but no guarantee can be entered into. Attention is drawn to the fact that rooms with bath are not included in Cruise fare. The Cruise Office should be given early advice of an^ special hotel requirements when every effort will be made to secure same, but no guarantee can be entered into thereon. OPTIONAL SHORE EXCURSIONS Members holding Exchange Orders issued ashore for Optional Shore Excursions are respectfully requested to turn them in at the Cruise Office promptly when called for, in order that final arrangements may be made „ in respect of each party. • As the Optional Excursions are limited in respect to numbers, Members desirous of availing themselves of such, and who have not already purchased orders for them ashore, should enquire at the Cruise Office as to vacancies available. MEALS ON BOARD Two sittings will be arranged for meals on board ship, to be served at fixed hours. Necessary alterations in meal hours to conform with shore o excursion arrangements will be notified on ship's Bulletin Boards. Where ** a continuous or running meal is notified, Cruise Members should take any seat available and not wait until their own becomes vacant. Regular meal hours on board will be as follows: First Second Sitting Sitting Breakfast 8.00 a.m. 9.00 a.m. Luncheon 12.30 p.m. 1.30 p.m. Dinner 6.15 p.m. 7.30 p.m. PORT DEPARTURES Cruise Members are respectfully requested to advise their Room Stewards of their re-embarkation on the ship preparatory to its sailing. Sailing date and departure hour from each port will be conspicuously Q posted. The ship will sail promptly at the hour advertised to meet tidal or other urgent reasons of operation and the Company cannot accept any responsibility for members failing to re-join the ship. CRUISE OFFICE The Cruise Office will be open daily from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. 1Q except while the ship is in port, when the Staff is engaged with shore excursion duties. Firearms are prohibited everywhere PLEASE WATCH THE SHIP'S BULLETIN BOARDS FOR ANY ALTERATIONS IN SHORE PROGRAMMES AND FOR OTHER MATTERS ESSENTIAL TO THE COMFORT OF MEMBERS AND GENERAL CONDUCT OF THE CRUISE. r~ Memoranda THIS PROGRAMME IS ISSUED SUBJECT TO GENERAL CONDITIONS IN SHORE EXCURSIONS BOOK. 66 omihe tickets of.0tho> 99 25^392$ THE ONE HUNDRED 6SEVENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF ROBERT .BURNS THE POET IMMORTALLY ENSHRINED IN THE AFFECTIONS OF HIS COUNTRYMEN 'mmmm 'obert Burns ^ JAN. 25th, 1759 - JULY 21st, 1796 Hums' Gjrace "Some bae meat who canna eat, Rnb some wad eat who want it, But we bae meat ano we can eaiy flnb so the Corb be tbanfcit." sical Selections "Here's to the hills, the heath and the heather, The bonnet, the plaid, the kilt and the feather, Here's to the heroes that Scotland can boast, May their names never die, that's a Hic'lan' man's toast." Little Neck Clams Consomme Deslignac Potage Cockte Leekie Salted Nuts Celery Green Olives Fillet of Sole Meuniere, Doria Lobster, Thermtdor Fresh Asparagus en Branche, Mousseline Vol'au/Vent of Sweetbread, Talleyrand Mignon of Beef Tenderloin, Nicoise French Beans au Beurre Garfield Potatoes Haggis wf a' the Honours " Fair Fa your honest Sousie face Great Chieftain o' the Pudditi' race." Roast Squab Chicken, American Candied Sweet Potatoes Heart of Lettuce, Thousand Island Dressing Scotch Shortcake Bombe Nesselrode Petits Fours COLD SELECTION Essence of Tomato in Cup Medallions of Foie Gras, Rossini Scotch Beef Ham, Salade Gauloise Raised Melton Mowbray Pie Demi Tasse 4k Happy we are a' the 'githcr Happy we'll be yin and a' Time shall see us a' the blyther Ere we rise to gang aw a." MOUNT ASSINIBOINE CANADIAN PACIFIC ROCKIES MENU Plateau of Hors d'CEuvres, Varies Amieux Sardines Cauliflower, Vinaigrette Smoked Salmon Meli Melo Liver Sausage Salami, Mtlanaise Bismarck Herring Chow Chow Artichoke Fonds, Remoulade Consomme Brunoise, Profiteroles, Petits Pois, Japonaise Potage Hodge Podge Cold^Essence of Chicken in Cup Baked Cod, Duglere Fresh Herring, Mustard Sauce Curried Prawns with Rice Plain or Mushroom Omelette Poached Egg, Astoria Egg, Norfolk Cold"Chicken Salad, American Nouilles, Caponi Blanquette of Veal, Stanley Boiled Leg of Mutton, Caper Sauce Puree of Turnips Boiled Rice Spinach en Branche au Beurre Fried Sweet Potatoes Baked, Boiled, Mashed and Lyonnaise Potatoes TO ORDER Grilled Pork Chop, Savoury Dressing Calf's Liver Saute with Smothered4Onions Welsh Rarebit Grilled Philadelphia Squab with Bacon COLD DISH SELECTION Salmon, Mayonnaise Mousse of Foie Gras Premium Ham Pressed Ox Tongue Roast Beef Galantine of Turkey Leicester Brawn Roast Lamb, Mint Sauce Parfait of Game Terrine of Duckling Veal and Ham Pie Pressed Spiced Beef Lettuce Tomato Beetroot SALADS Potato Chiffonade Spring Onions Rice Custard Pudding Deep Plum Pie Compote of Mixed Fruit with Custard Almond Cakes Vanilla or Maple Walnut Ice Cream Lemon Water Ice CHEESE Cream Gruyere Roquefort Gorgon^ola Moonraker Ehlendale Oka English Cheddar Port Salut Camembert Gruyere Little Wilts American Cheddar Chedlets Cheshire Cream of Cheshire Stilton Cream of Cheddar Little Dutch Tea Iced Tea Coffee Iced Coffee Luncheon " Duchess of Atholl,'' at Rio de Janeiro, February 10, 1929 SOUTH AMERICA - - AFRICA CRUISE CANADIAN PACIFIC SOUTH AMERICA-AFRICA CRUISE SS. DUCHESS OF ATHOLL 1929 * MUSICAL SELECTIONS* Val se Selection Request Medl ey " M avoureen " Shamrock' "Irish1 Henderson Myddleton Somers "% ♦ MENU * HONEY DEW MELON, EMERALD ISLE CAVIAR, ACUSHSLA ESSENCE OF CHICKEN IN CUP CREAM OF SPINACH, KILLARNEY GREEN OLIVES SALTED NUTS SUPREME OF TURBOT, ERIN G' BRAGH FLAKED CRAB MEAT, KILKENNY NOISETTE OF LAMB, COLLEEN BAWN FRESH GREEN BEANS O'BRIEN TATTIES BRAISED WEXFORD HAM, POTHEEN SAUCE ASPARAGUS, MOUSSELINE ROAST IRISH TURKEY, AULD SOD STUFFING KINSALE SAUCE PEET REEK SALAD BALLYMINA PUDDING, EILEEN PISTACHIO PARFA1T, ALANNAH SHAMROCK LEAF MIGNARDISES DESSERT DEMI TASSE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20th, 1929 Plantation Cocktail Canapes, Moscovite Carolines au Fromage Radishes Ripe and Green Olives Consomme Renaissance Cream Marie Louise Essence of Tomato in Cup Supreme of Turbot au Chabhs Tranche of Lake Trout, Beyrout Julienne of Sole au Paprika Vol'au/Vent, Toulouse Mousselines of Ham, Carmen Asparagus Points, Milanaise SPECIAL TO ORDER French Lamb Chop Saute, Braised Celery Centre Fillet of Beef, Corn Fritter Fresh Green Beans au Beurre Cauliflower, Bechemal Boiled, Fondante and Pont Neuf Potatoes Roast Milk Fed Chicken a la Grecque Saratoga Potatoes Lettuce SALADS Tomato Dumas Chinoise Souffle Pudding Creme Rubaine Almond Cheese Tartlets Coupe Jubilee Petits Fours Dessert Coffee Dinner " Duchess of Atholl/' April 11, 1929. CflNflPlflN PACIFIC SOUTH AMERICA - - AFRICA CRUISE P* ecU PROGRAMME OF MUSIC Valse " Mistakes " Nichols Selection "Virginia" Rodgers Request Entracte u Moonshine " Jacobs 0=0 .cD CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise SS. DUCHESS OF ATHOLL Washington's Birthday Dinner February 22,1929 m \# # * MUSICAL SELECTIONS * Mzxtli "$>iav& anfr Strips ° SXUt0a Ssfeciixm " Kmittteotnaeg xrf fQ^ $>Iantafixm " GUufemt ;^irf ^mtrrt "Gtempim Memxxrtea" Hi*tM*B " mmstrican " Xafre Smiths* "* * * MENU • TT^Zzx/^ rJ^dyyyy^ <~22T/^y6cdyzziZdV€Z> tSTftZiz/y^d/ ^/j/yyyd2 <£T2>&/ez33z// Td/'ze&yys Cd%t7t2&& ^d&?zrfz24ri3?2vez ^^d7y7^^€d^ ^>0&// <£22&eaz?yv> c^ t^cwwcz&y, ^yc&yj&T2e2 tS^zitef Q^/ddizy^czy^A- of <^>0e&fr C22^22^^a^zyi^ ~7yy&c7yzyiz ^A^e^dy^iJT cyyc> ^d0ezyc<&Ze2 1ZrfrPlZ22 c=^dd^/azyy2z22^^ //dtA^^ <^/oe> 27rya> *^ydyeyz<2yf czd ^&&id7c2£3&rzs, /yitgzyir/dc <J2zyy2&ez<f ^^W, /S^&b&eit 2<2y/z7^d^y2Ayiyi2 *_i2>4i22^iz3&&yz&iydf-, t^Slewidte&i Oj yzi2Z//yrt3yy,/dz52yZ' zzy33yydy2d/c2/e22 *=^'edt2t&'zzlf~ w/ee/ #1 %\ /^^HOUSANDS of years have, in passing, left a I rich, heritage in the Land of The JsFile... Jib "We are entering a vast treasury -which contains a wealth of antiquities hoarded firom the early dawn of civilization.. The city of Cairo iksel£ fairly dazales Otxar eyes He-re are the JvSosq^S* -the great; Egyptian 2vkxsetx:m; £7 Azhar, Moslem. University- -the Citadel, Tomhs of the Manielukes and-the Native Bazaars / We visit the Pyramids andL fhe Sp^inX- •near Cairo. Included also in outr excursions is a steamer -trip xvp the 2<file to Bedrechein. Some of txs are making an oxr&rlajrxiL ojrtional excursion from JPort Sudan to Khartum, Ondurman,>*Wady Haifa, and down the Valley of -Bie Kile., .to Abu Simhel, "EHilae, AsSuan, X-uXor. Others are going -to Jerusalem and BetKleKem. Tiaere is in addition an optional excixxsion -fco iixctfor, Karnalc and Tlaehes. s^^@gs^ 2>UCrtES& ap ArHo/Ll cWorld cWbnder"Places.. "WHAT aaxd WHERE are ikese ■? <§££" THEM on £he * Empress or Australia * I^ound-the- World-Cruise 1929 - 1930 'Om Day \ .Strqmboli r rDAm n (3035 FEer high) /EOXIAKf ISLANDS ^"^ \ AUCURl * FlUCUKJ C$< \/\UNA S I C f L Y ETNA I^-V* Ql/PAW \ m^T-TTdT Friday, April 12th [ODAY AT NOOISF, on oxxr way across the Mediterranean from Port Said to Naples, the DuCH&SS or ATHOLL was abotit 130 miles from Capo del Armi -which we shall pass at J-p-m. During out approach, we sho\xb3L he able to See Snow-capped INAT. ETNA, the recently erctptive volcano. ~Fro?n. 'Jpzm- to 8p**xx. we. are passing through the 7ARO or STRAITS OF A4ESSINJA -about ob miles long. The lights of the City of Messina, which has heen Tebixilb since the destruction hy earthquake in 1903, will he visible on our port heam. Just hefore clearing' the STRAITS at Ca£c? cfe Fclto^ we pass the two whirlpools often mentioned in fahle and iiistory. xNScylla* (or Scilla) is on the rig'Kt, just off the Italian coast, and ^Charyh dis''lies on the left,-the Sicilian side* STROMBOJL1, an active volcano that has served as a^lightho-use* for several centtxrles will he on otxr starhoard side at lOp.^n. Tloe £lare iro^i its crater may be seen 2/3 of the -way helow the snnxrnit. ISSUED OM BOAKD ^^55^/M 2DU CHESS or A THO/L L Canadian PACIFIC Sourrt/\M£&CA ' -ArWCA CfZL/'S£' (323 One have already visited Kiiags-ton, Jamaica; Port of Spain, TtfiJiicSad; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Santos, Brao.il} Buenos ikL-re£, Argentina; a*v£ Montevideo, Uruguay. We also called at -#xe *Xcmely Island'' of T?ris-fcan da. Cunba -« • • AT Capetown £—G «£ fGfZTS£?ffi/G AND AROUND >p£TOWM ITJNERARV 5U3JE CT TO C M A M G~ £ CANATMAW •PACIFIC ~/\pT2/CA JQ, jpj^3||^ $SKS® SUNG** fihON0/KY 1 7X/eS£>/*y lA/EDh/£S22Ay THC/fiZSDAy 7Z&U&AV I SACTV/Z&AT* ,?i p^taA Atz&id& i*t2dv*£L IOa^ VO&dT PORT T£WFH< C3U&2T) VA/v\ SPec/Au ■••• ''v.-.s ♦•";;;;tai,^«' tf/KPU£S ^i LBAde Ate-tZ'^^T MONACO 6^ "222 ^<~*- AiS>*SA/£ •fcAAA 6pm CHG&BOURG ~7a** SOUTH/WpTDN 3paa *^a€ MONACO I AAA ***S£S Qoessc ftryft-i -j. ZjJ-TTdJve Second Anzxixal y'^y^?2727Tk -zz Canadian pacific ■:22772f2fd727^Jf2F3RrcA C&uiste 33333333ft 3. 1929 )TIWCR.AJ5tV SUB-<ecT TO OHANffg Starting- from LIVERPOOL, 4w JANUARY rne VuaJZSS oa Atholl first viSrrEo KINGSTON, ISth^ANuARV Starting from N£W VORkTon JANUARY 22nd, we WAve ai-i^ady stoppep at Jamaica aw*> tt?in ix>ax>. lecture on <&%c$J?l% Nos- ta?u*3Z> MEPTUNG COURT <2£&eMOWl& /A/ THZTAFT&RyZOOM eaOATOjt^BOXZARCC /*• T/^£- £V&sV'Zs/<S- LECruRe oh/ U No. 3 W rn6 Ev£a/>/V<3- PROGRESSIVA ;PA nc/^ MOVING- *PicruR£S P/iA/C/A/6^ LECTU^e om -2/0 z?e JA/y£//%o, SANTOS*"° Sao Paolo ASHOP.E AT filO Z>e dAMGlftO ORcnesTftAL CONCERT /A/ T/V£? d^*Z. l€av^ - — - — At S P/A w V^TTT-T-T-T/ N 1 77 1« r ^ ASHCNZg AT $AMTOS~$AO PAULO /*• we apte/vzoo* LECTUfCE *v BU&VOS AfH€S Montevideo ASHOR.B AT Buenos Ames tig Of^CHeST^AL CONCERT IH THE v/Wt LCAve AT 6f»M iL£A/^ Ar A$HOnZ AT 8?M MONTBViDBO LECTURE o/v pBDPLt PINNCR AND X>ANJCe *PR£*crR£35tV£ LECTURE o/v ^vges^ \ A\N<xfONS ■P PINNER feASC€ t^V in Aro OF IN. . CHARtr>rs LECTURE oa/ MOVI NG- PlCTUReS mb English *I/laxjpo2e // JLECTURE o/* *"%*£W S*$HO&& AT cAr&rQyv+y VLB*5* ' WATCH THE BULLETIN gOAI^P, OtyrSWB T&tAZz/dG- S/^^OA^ FO^ ANNOUNCEMENTS r CANAXMAM ) T>AeiF-ic v -Africa J f OTZU/S& < LTdLJ SUNDAY N^OWr>AV Starting from Liverpool, 4^ January, the J>UCHES$ of ATHOLL £^st visited Kingston) Ja^naica, 35^ January Starting' firotn New Vorlc, January i2>d "We have stopped at Kingston azulPori: of Spaisv I>A^ At P&R.T O *£quatok z>aY" ITINERARY 5UBJ£CT TO CHAN&£ FE3RUARV 4,19X9 *pJZ£$ Y/xll he awarded t:o tKe Lady and Gentleman who guess the greatest* naniber o£ titles {^e^3§^/^ TDUCH&SS &?zATHOjL4~ February TZotH ^fi YOU GIVE MS * P I woro EQUATOR ? j**,*"** equator 6o£e" ^ U*^,Vi& **aUNDJ^e ****** !'f: - r 1 "Over The Line * Ml»P Vw "■ • ToTrdftdTdTZ:^''. :^T •'■MU\^w» tl-^1 ""j, y-d"' - ; " ' '0, '"'3--"~X<x; ,'-'Ki >J J-tHilf ill 111 AT 5.45 am AT NOON ^ TOUAV A rotxt T 5.45 a-m. TODAY, Sunday, February 3,1929, 3^ days ir< 1 Poxt of Spain, Trinidad, on our way to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the jDt2UCH£SS orA7TMOX.JL passed, from tbe Worth Atlantic Ocean ACROSS THE EqiiA^OR into the South Atlantic Ocean. Our latitude -was ZERO, otor longit^^de 4a°56'West. Air Temperature was only 80~ -water tennperature also ©O? NEAREST LA2S3D (other than that helow ixs) is abouut 132 miles away* Ou* speed is 17V* Knots, but the Equatorial Current is retarding ixs aJbout l1/^ knots. ISSUED OH BOARD s€AAOG7^M CANADIAN PACIFIC SOU THAtSiGtl/CA, -AF&/CA * QRJUISE J 92-9 ■A*ARTi( ©**<# Z>UC"H£$S OP ATHOLL ON SUNDAV, February 26,1928, the SS. EMPRESS OF FRANCE delivered io the people of the "Lonely island * approximately TWENTY" TONS of donated Supplies, among which were the following items : ISOOIbs. FLOUR; MOO lbs.SUGAR ; 400 Jbs.TEA; SOO lbs. SOAP; SOO )bs."ROLLED OATS; I SO lbs. TOBACCO; FiYst Aid Kits; Safety Matches; Jams; Baking Powder; Raisins; Butter; Candles; Candy; Malted Milk; Assorted Drugs; Castor OK; Bpsom Salts; Needles; Calico; knitting Materials; Drapery; Ladies Hose; Cotton Materials; Magazines; Books; Toys; Bolts; Nails; Pots and Pans; Carborundum; Knives; Bales of Cotton, Cord, Rope; 3 Wheelbarrows; Picks; Mattocks,- Lead Pencils; F/sh Hooks and Lines; Harmonicas; Gramaphone Records and Needles. Our good ship Duchess of Atholl called atTRiSTAN^ACUNHA on Sunday, February 24,1929. Within the remarkably short time of 3 hours and 20 minutes, stores estimated at more than THIRTY TONS were landed. There were 55 bags of MAIL; 2*8 CASES or BOXES; B bags of FLOUR.; 14 PARCELS f \S pieces of BAGGAGE TOTAL 314 PIECES. £>yyl£ INTERESTING ITBMS ' The HARMONIUM from Queen Mary; A WIRELESS RECEIVING SET with complete outfit, including- Batteries, Loud Speaker, Jars and Sa)amoniac(2 Years'SuppJy); A WIRELESS STAFF (and flag-pole) made on board; Jams, Preserves, Baking powder, Matches, Corn Flour, Custard Powder, Biscuits, Cigarettes, "Flour, Soap, Glycerine, Cocoa, ChocoJate,Tea, Sugar, Drugs, Candy, Salt, Candies, Tinned Fruits, Sewing Machine; Communion Wafers, Communion Wines ; Brooms, Clocks,Books, Paints, Boots, Shoes, Balls, Cricket Supplies, Flags,Toys, Hats, Musical instruments, Enamel Ware, Scout Clothing, Axes, Wall Pape.r, Hardware, Kitchen Utensils, Trousseaux, Gobbler's Kit, Camera and Plates, "Rat Traps, Crockery, Stationery.-.. In addition to these donations were many contributions from individuals On board the DtlCH^SS OTF9AT2H.OJLZ.* ON SUNDAV, February 26,1928, the SS. EMPRESS OFFRANCE delivered to the people of the * Lonely Island "approximately TWENTY TONS of donated supplies, among which were the following items : l800Jbs. FtOUFL; f IOO lbs. SUGAR ; 400fbS.TEAj SOO lbs. SOAP; SOO lbs. "ROLLED QATS; ISO lbs. TOBACCO; First Aid Kits; Safety Matches; Jams; Baking' powder; Raisins; Butter; Candles; Candy; Malted Milk; Assorted Drugs; Castor Oil; Epsom Salts; Needles; Calico; knitting Materials; Drapery^ Ladies Hose; Cotton Materials, Magazines; Books; Toys; Bolts; Nails; Pots and pans; Carborundum; Knives; Bales of Cotton, Cord, Rope; 3 Wheelbarrows; Picks; Mattocks,- Lead Pencils; F/sh Hooks and Lines; Harmonicas; Gramaphone Records and Needles. I JkJL Our good ship Duchess of Atholl called at tristan da cunha on Sunday, February 24,1929. Within the remarkably short time of 3 hours and 2G minutes, stores estimated at more than THIRTV TONS were landed. There were 55 bags of MAIL; 2*8 CASES or BOXES; a bags of FLOUR.; 14 PARCELS^ IS pieces of BAGGAGE TOTAL 314 PIECES, qM£ INTERESTING ITBMS : The HARMONIUM from Queen Mary; A WIRELESS RECEIVING SET with complete outfit, including- Batteries, Loud Speaker, Jars and Saiamoniac(2Years'supply); A WIRELESS STAFF (and flag-pole) made on board; Jams, Preserves, Baking" powder, Matches, Corn Flour, Custard Powder, Biscuits, Cigarettes, Flour, Soap, Glycerine, Cocoa, Chocolate,Tea, SugSr, Drugs, Candy, Salt, Candles, Tinned Fruits, Sewing Machine; Communion Wafers, Communion Wmcs ; Brooms, Clocks, Books, Paints, Boats, Shoes, Balls, Cricket Supplies, Flags,Toys, Hats, Musical Instruments, Bnamel Ware, Scout Clothmg, Axes, Wall paper, Hardware, Kitchen Utensils, Trousseaux, Cobblers Kit, Camera and Plates, Rat Traps, Crockery, Stationery.... In addition to these donations were many contributions -from individuals On board the DtlCHJESS OTT2/\T2EiajL2L. CLOTHlK/G- CAfZe ,e(^S3^ CANADIAN PACIFIC South AMBfiucA "AFTZ/CA CJZU/SS ceae TDucH£&s of Atholl )EE THEM cm -the ^Empress or Austbalia * I(ound-the- World-Cruise 1929 - 1930 ±V QOLETTE ,, AT Ti&TZS , "OW we come to the leading metropolis o£ South America *B.A'' 5s also the second largest 'Latin city of the world and truly oneo£ the beauty spots'" In tk Southern Hemisphere, Oixt three half-day sightseeing eouxxrsions by taaotorcar in tke city itself reveal to xxs many masterpieces of architecture amd landscape that- chaarm beyond erxpecfcatioxi. Nowhere else has so mxxch artistic taleaat and lavish expenditure heen employed in the designing of a city beaut&f-ul, IsJotahly interesting ate Calle Florida and Avenida. d^elvlayo., the Ca.pitoi* Coloix Theatre, the Cathedral and JRecoleta Cemetery, "We are making a hal£day ^xcixrsion to Tigre, fashionahle stxanixxer and hoating resort. Saturday is free ior shopping. • On S-unday after noati we have the opportunity o£ seeing the races at Hipodromo ArgerutinOt liaxxxe. of the ianaous Jockey Club. issuer* on boat^b fAB^^^-; CAMADIAN \ South/\M£n'G*^ ~J\FRlCA (929 I?UCH£SS OT=r ATHOLL '■•:.:':*f~3- --...r- . 2.2.r 3. " - .-'d1:::';::y^'" >j2d^Tftft\2Tft.. '~3-'-.3:\2'. Can yotx picttxre 3. sheer mountain-sidle dropping down out of the clo-uds to a. narrow plateatx one K-ixncLrecI feet ahove tke s<5£l? Here, a. desolate little grrotxp o£ ISO qxxaint English-speaking- people fights for existence agaioast ±v eimen clous nat-u-T al odds * ¥or this is -the site of the settlenient of Edirrihtxrgh on the ^Lonely Islana'of TRISTAN DA CUNHA, more than 0.3oO miles from 'the nearest inhabited land... far o££ the beaten track,... a mere Speck im tKe South Atla-ntic, Where a ship rarely calls. If our present good weather continues, we shall stop at the ""Lonely Islamd^duuring the coming -week,,.. prohahly on Sunday, the 2.4^ of Fehruary* Among us is a missionary who plans ta remain at Tristan several years. Tlie DuchjCSs of/ltmolz, also has ort Jboard tnany tons of donated Supplies, such ais food, clothing and naedicine^ for the Tristanites. XHJCHBSS OF ATMOLL pEMOGRAMS are pictorial memoranda L produced by artists on hoard and issued from time to time at luncheon azicl dinner during the entire crxtisz,. The complete series of more than one hundred. memogr&ms 'will include inf orn^ative sketches explaining foreign products and customs; maps and diagrams for reference ciuring lectures and on shore excursions; souvenir artists-proofs of original drawings depicting scenes along the way; entertainment announcements; topical cartoons; postcardsy illustrated letter-forms to save time in correspondence) and decorated envelopes for posting extra copies to friends at home. JlrfVO'RTAisi'T: cruise Members are advised to start individual files of mernograms NOW in order to preserve a unique record of their travels. Special portfolios are ohtadnaCble at 'the Shop, Promenade Deck Square. This is an exclusive?, CANADIAN PACIKIC Feature. issued oim Board CANADIAN PACiPlC S0UTHj\hAZRlC/\ \ ~J\FfLlCA I QUU/SE I X2UCHSSS OF ATHOLL COPYRKSWT, 1929 <5SUSD ON BOA7?P JDUC/ileSS OF ATHOLL CANADIAN PAC J\\ South AMERfCA A -Africa 1 cnutss { ON SUNDAV, February 26, (928, the SS. EMPResS OF FRANCS delivered to the peop/e of the vVLonely Island* approximately TWENTV TONS of donated Supplies, among which were the following items : ISOO lbs. FLOUR; MOO Ibs.SUOAR ; 400 \bs.TEA; SOO lbs. SOAP; SOO )bs."ROLLED OATS; 150 lbs. TOBACCO; F»Yst Aid Kits; Safety Matches; Jams; Baking-powder j Raisins; Butter; Candles; Candy; Malted Milk; Assorted Drugs; Castor OH; Epsom Salts*, Needles; Calico; Knitting Materials; Drapery^ Ladies Hose; Cotton Materials; Magazines; Books; Toys; Bolts; Nails; Pots and Pans; Carborundum; Knives; Bales of Cotton, Cord, PTope^ 3 Wheelbarrows; Picks; Mattocks,- Lead Pencife; fish Hooks and Lines; harmonicas; Gramaphone Vtecords and Js/eedles.... • • -IE JL-JL X Our good 5HfP Duchess of Atholl called atTRisrANr>AcuNHA on Sunday, February 24,1929. Within the remarkably short time of 3 hours and 20 minutes, stores estimated at more, than THI RTV TONS were landed. There were 55 bags of MAIL; 2/8 CASES or BOXETS; 3 bags of PLOUR.; 14 PARCELS; SO pieces of BAGGAGE TOTAL 3/4 PIECES, ^QtfiB INTERESTING ITEMS s The HAraaoniuM from Queen Mary$ A WIRELESS RECEIVING SET with complete outfit, including' Batteries, Loud Speaker, Jars and Salamoniac (2Years'Supp)y); A WIRELESS STAFF (and flag-pole)made on board; Jamsj Preserves, Baking Powder, Matches, Corn Flour, Custard Powder, Biscuits, Cigarettes, *Flour, Soap, Glycerine, Cocoa, Chocolate,Tea, Sugar, Drugs, Candy, Salt, Candles, Tinned Fruits, Sewing Machine; Communion Wafers, Communion Wihes ; Brooms, Clocks, Books, Paints, Boots, Shoes, Balls, Cricket Supplies, Flags,Toys, Hats, Musical Instruments, Enamel Ware, Scout Clothing, Axes, Wall pap^x, Hardware, Kitchen Utensils, Trousseaux, Cobblers Kit, Camera and Plates, "Rat Traps, Crockery, Stationery..-. In addition to these donations were many contributions from individuals On board the DtlCHJE'SS O/F9 J\T2HOJL2L. ISSUep OH BOAT?r> 'OW we come to the leading metropolis of South America *B.A'' 3s also tLe second largest Latin city of the world and trixly one of the beauty spots* in the Southern Hemisphere- Oxxr three half-day sightseeing e^ctxrsions hy wcLotorcarr irt the city itseUF reveal to tas many masterpieces of architecture and landscape that charm beyond expectation. No Where else Has so mxxch artistic talent and lavish exp^ndittrre heen employed in the designing1 of a city heatitiAd* Notahly interesting a**e ^ Calle Florida, and Avenida deMayo., tlie Ca-pitox^ Colon Theatre, tlie Cathedral and .Recoleta Cemetery. "We are. making a half-day epoaursiori to Tigre, fasHonaHe sttm-mer and boating resort. Saturday is iree ior shopping. On S-umday afternoon we have the opportunity of seeing the races at Hipodromo Ar$en±i?iOi hjorae of the fanaoixs Jockey Chsb. . CAMAD'AN [ PACIFIC South $M£R/C* mS "A^R-iCA Q.TUJISE issuer on BoA'Rt) { 029 h^^^M TI?UCH^SS OTT ATHOLL <f « 3ey°^ -&e Edge o£ ?h.^s " ^1| .Tristan daCunha *TKE LONELY ISLAND* Sunday, February .24,1929 M \*w* Ffflb -were those 156 native inhahitants and two missionaries -when the Ditlchess otf Atholl. called today at the Island of Tristan da Cunha, in the hroad. expanse of the South Atlantic, amidway hetween Jvfontevideo in South America and Capetown in Sotoih Airica. We sighted thevXonely Island'' he-Sore 5-OOam, (Thanks to our navigating officers who performed a really renaarlcahle fsat /) Our ship lay at anchor from 7.31 a*rx. to 2.22,p.m. ahouir one *nile from the ieach of Edinburgh Settlernentr. An estimated amount of more than thirty tons of donated supplies -was landed hy the ships boats and hoats froxn shore. Included in this collection of gifts was a wireless receiving set capahle of listening to pTogranvxn.es m London, NewYork and other distant places ♦ Kev. Mr. Pooley was hrought away Bronx the island after residence o£ 23 months. His assistant, Mr. "Lindsay, plans to remain another year. Rev. Mr. Partridge was landed to talce charge of the mission worlc. ru Many of the Tristanites canxe on hoard. They enjoyed their reception as nuxch as did their hapyy hosts. Tonight o-utr lecturer will review the outstanding- teatujres o£ this day'k wonderful Ixappenir^s. Tomorrow our photographer will display most unusual pictures. Our sraends at home have inuch to hear ahotrt when We see them ag^in. ^cMoe^/^ issued ON boarp pEMOGRAMS are pictorial memoranda u produced hy artists on hoard and issued from time to time at luncheon and, dinner during the entire cruise. The complete series of more than one hundred memograms will include inf ornxative sketches explaining foreign products and customs? maps and. diagrams for reference during lectures and onshore excursions; souvenir artists-proofs of original drawings depicting scenes along the way} entertainment announcements; topical cartoons; post-cards} illustrated letter-forms to save time in correspondence) and decorated envelopes for posting extra copies to friends at home. Jj^TpO^TAiN'T: Cruise tvlemhers are advised to start individual files of tnemograms NOW In order to preserve a unique record of their travels. Special portfolios are ohtainahle at the Shop, Promenade Deck Square. This is an ex/zlusive, CANADIAN PACIFIC Feature. ISSUED ON SOARJD ^ej^S^/v, VUCHSSS OP ATHOLL COPYRIGHT, 1929 r# \Q\\xxtih\xB Sailed in I^oj; ^Kursday, 3^kjenuftry^ l<$l$. On our second day from New Yorlc, v*e are approaching the Bahama Islands. At to.4£p**> this evening, we shall he about eight miles cast of Saxsi Salvador or "Watlimg IsxakDi which Is Said to be the land discovered hy Coluxnhu-S, I2th Ocfcoher, 149Z. A light or^ shore will he visihle. G7SEAT* oul" l=beVfc:i©rt i >" a± 8.00p.m. Our pi^esent speed is UV4 Knots. We are dus to make mira.-Por-'Vos PASS, west of ACKX,Z*T ISLAND, about 430a.m. tornorrovv? morning and at 10.30 a.m. ou* ahlp Will be near CAPEMAYSI, the eastern tip o£ Cuba, Early Saturc^ moaning We shall arrive at our ft^st: port -of - call, KINGSTON, JAMAICA.. lb & -1$n iS *&&rn 1 9 1SSUCD ON BOARD MEMOG^AAA. AAAp Port-of-Spain - • AT ANCH O RU-vv.-.-.«5.~vA-.:A-™> 7bm». -raesoA^ januarv :23th~227.2.72 7p.M,, WfDNfcStfAY, UANUAteV 30tH ISSUED ON BOARp "Music h'h chasms <? E are looking forward to our arrival in. Port o£ Spain , Trinidad^ temotrow afternoon., Tuesday, the 29th of January. Just Imagine how different our reception will he from that given to Christopher Goluntbus when he discovered Trinidad In 14^9 #• He is said to Jbaveheen fearful that the natives -were going to he unfriendly -jbossihly because he had not discovered ih-eir island, in 14:9X. Hoping that music would Soothe the Savage hestr, Columbus commanded i^is musicians to play a lively tune BUT, contrary to expectations, the natives let fly a floch- of arrows and then fled fleetly to the Hills. CANADIAN , Pacific issued on sqardj y^frjca \lduchess of atholl Gruise (929 OF (3&EAT pYKAMlD OF QffiSOPS near Caibro At>Aprei> BALcedOts %GYPT AM£> THK 35UJ>S\H" ABOUT ^8/ FE£T H/GH NOVd BUJLl PY&AtAlO SMOOTH* G*$/HG WAS V MOSLEMS COrtSTTXJCriCrK/ l&vgth of e&cHS/jze AT T/tBT&ASB /& about 7SS peBT a AXOCAfX? Tfft* &ASTS THE GREAT PYRANUD (Cheops) > the Second pyramid (Khafre), and the Third PS/ramld {,Merblca.u,ru} Were huilt during the Fou/r&x JDyncusiy (373S-360OB.C.) to serve as tombs for the royalty oi: hower Egypt. The shorues, weighing ahoui: rz1/^ tons each, were hrought from the iNAbkl^tam Hills (east of Carxrd)* issu&o on BOAter> CANADIAN PACIFIC S°%fe™CA -/^FFZjCa QmuiSB (929 TOUCHBSS OF? ATHOLL o. I 18 <g*7H *'•.:* -rrac I ' ft M T TNDOUBTEDLY one of the finest royal estates kJ in existence - a worthy rival of Versailles ** is twenty-five miles north of Naples at Caserta, visited on an optional half-day motor trip- Caserta Palace, which was built In 1692 for Charles the Third of Bourbon, is renowned for Its extensive gardens "with their Sumptuous displays of rnarhle statuary terraces.. - casce des and -fountains — dreams of fairyland come true / The Palace contains more than a thousand rooms, many of them recently opened to public inspection for the first tine the Royal Hails o£ Audience, the Chapel, the Theatre and the Royal Private Apartments retain many of their original decorations and furnishings. ISSUED Ohi BOARX) CANADIAN PACIFIC OOuih/\mQricd AFWCA cnuisz DUCHESS OF ATHOLL ti ^Uie Gr&die of Givilization How many countries :i on th<2 Mediterranean can yo\x locate. ? ;;.;.; tjTlHJE MEDITERRANEAN, Secz-Bebween-ikz-Landz, has a i length, of 232Q miles and. a maximum breadth of about JL loSo miles. Its greatest depth is 14,400 feet. The Adriatic, Aegean, Balearic, Ionian, Levantine and Tyrrhenian Seas are divisions of the JVlediterraneaxi* Chief trihufary rivers are the Ebro, Nile, Po and V3non&. .Largest islands are the Balearic grotxp, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, Sardinia and Sicily - The Mediterranean, practically ti-deless, is more Salty than the Atlantic Ocean. its surface evaporation causes a rapid inflow of water through the Straits of Gibraltar, where, scientists believe, Europe and Africa were formerly joined together. There is also belief that the Mediterranean was at one tirne divided, by land extending between Italy and Sicily and across the shallow -water to Tunis. issued on boai^d ^*J£^5^M BUCHSSS OF ATHOLL STff^N^woLo/^^••- >^ / /y JO / A A/ "HLoCfAA/ MAINLAND ISSUED OKI BOARD ID^C/V£SS or ATHOLL -pASSiWG KVEH... 40* VIEWGD rreQM THE 6AST ~~ AS WG APPROACH tars fti$?f.w&4) (7oOFT.H(C4#) 6<^//F O^ ADEN /tt.Z^7C Lighthouse «Q^e QtbrMar ri OMORROW AloxtNlNG-; March 3lsfc, between 530 a.m. and 6<ooa^zi., we are due to pass Aden Peninsula. The Arab nameisjeie/ Shamshart. Aden, area about 80 square miles, 15 British Territory under adnxinistratiorL of a Political ^Resident, subject to the government of Bombay- Population of the Territory is about SO,ooo. The Peninsula, much lihe Gibraltar, is about 5r miles long, east and west, and abo-ut 3 wiles losig, north and South-, is high and rocky (Summit 1725&etjj Composed almost entirely of limestone. The IsthnxuS is aboui 2.Vz miles long'. The, Town (population about 2o;ooo)5s a coalrng Station and port-of-call fbr ships passing to 2xxd Srom the Suez Canal. Imports are limited mainly tx> salt and cigarettes. YZater is Secured from rain, sheds. Part o£ the Town lies inside the wall of am eoc&n&br volcanic crater. It is repxxted to he one o£ die hottest Spots on the earth's Surface. JSSU£D ON BOAT2H CAWADfAN PAcmc -ATKICA CRUISE «929 Q*4m Duchsss of Atholl MeMOSKAAA XJIA&KA/SA ^lt (5keat Pyramid of Gheops near Cadro apaftbo tft&ex&z's TH£35d&W ABOUT <?€/ FFCT H/G# A/OW PY&AtAID WAS MOSLEMS COt>/ST7ttfC.rmr&Kl l&^gth of eacHsyjze AT THBTj&ASe /& ABOUT 7SS TZT&T CH**fiA&&C a about y^Mfce: A&QVAfX* THC BASS THE GREAT PYRAMJlD (Cheops), the Second Pyramid (Khafrei), and the Third Pyramid {Mervlcczu.ru) V/ere built dutririg the Fotcr&x Vynasiy C3733-3^0oB.C.) to Serve as tombs for the royalty o£ Lower Egypt. The stones, weighing about; zfa tons each, were hrought &am the Afckl^atam Halls (east of Cairo)* fj£SUE£> om boai^d CANADIAN "PACIFIC -y^FlzjCA C7euiS£ (929 3DUOHBSS OF- ATHOLL 0. t>>\AgAA« A/. » AA^ M » AA dM ° AAv\A *AA*AA~AX*( «~ 0ll fl^Sl^^fe 4l%°lffl> -<J -4 ?v>y\«yv<«yv»yv<oyv« y^yy-yvoyy+yvoyy+yy+ro over is represented h.ere as in -that: other great;xxcross-roads^ Singapore. It: has l>een said -that hy sfthing in feontr of the Cafe" de la Paix £rt Paris yo-u. will eventually S£^ everybody jyotx have ever Icncovvn. In Cairo may he seen types o£ people you. never lenew were in ecfcishence. d>>nXoAA^AA<>A/<.^/sA'>AA^AA> AAv\A *aA»ax*>ax«>(> Si of rail0© K * H & »y\«yy-ysc»yyoyv« y y «yy«yy«yv«yy«yy »yyo<« /HEN in Cairo, -we. shall see a strange array of nationalities- Pfumanity the world over is represented Ixere a^ in -that: other greah *cross-roads* Singapore. I-fc has heen said that hy sathing in :£rontr of the Cafe" de la, P<aix in Paris yo-u, will eventually &®z everybody you. have ever loat>wn. • - • In Catera may he seen types of people you. never lenew were in existence. f§|M UP — A CAMGC AFTE72 EIGHT DAYS WITHOUT A DlRlNkL CoaainG- / DOVVNJ / ISSUED ON BOARD So%h&vca -AFTZICA QRUtS£ { XHJCrtESS OF ATHOLL *- A T~72lCA ISSUED OK BOARD > ORU^S^ 2DOCHBSS OF ATHOLL MEMOG7*AM ^ •R-EAAJTvtlSC^NT OF South Africa m. ^/xt>*C£ 2 ■//ft tf/ViE OF US AT CATE POINT" AT PORT£H2aB6^H/ AtThe ^bjG HOL.^/' AT A MATIV6PANC6, efC- £TC- ^.OF THE. KiuLCD^NAKe fc^ m 3*»g / ■M III* ,,, ' ,N fa M.OOM Another pat^t __, OP THE 5NAK£ Killed in rHg £^1 dR^u MiceASe sqi 3/4. ■P/AMO/VO Mi- i/ste At- THg B*G- SHOW1 y* ieio«SNA ^. J£30r vvmo loSt A CUSTOMER game -Reserve iiViiU'i'iiHii'! l^on£sr i AtvvAVS WH1STI~£& JOH ANNiESB^ Gr AA MM EI . A TREE teAAAH "ResG-RvE ACeo«piA/<3. TO THC zucas 15SUEP ON-POARO ) CRUd/SB this Ux*i-C GiXZ<± 3JLJO/*£'S& C?F ATTdC^LL UT7INE pleasant journey to I you entirely - mister gentleman and hind most charming lady likewise.. w Please LISTEN please LISTEN ME - one moxmnh -perhaps no doubt you, have hear already how when once dr irxlc of water of River KILE must always lilce drink water from* KTILE again.., u So yotx likewise come hack Qvrieo oth&r -time again - very nic£, yes - have more good time • *. " And PLEASE yotx not: jporget remember your friend DjRAGOA^AT3 - yes- please heep yoox my card... H"Yes3 thank, [yovt, V£Ry MUCJtf A lllTINE pleasant journey to 1 you entirely -mister gentleman and hind most charming lady likewise... tf Please LISTEN please LISTEN ME - one moment -perhaps no doubt you, have hear already how •when once drink o£ water of River NIX,!? must always like drink water from. NIhE again... w So you. likewise come Back Cairo other time again - very nics, yes - have more good time.-. 11 And PLEASE you not jporget remember your iriend DJ3AGOAAA2NF - yes- please Jkeep yoiu my card... * Yes 5 thank- ;yoa,, VERYMTU-Cli/'* ^^2i¥mvmm ™$d'ti< - 3d "J CANADIAN mmm south A )&m£$M£^$£k r{Z.Zy-'-.u!?) J a^eW-" dnMrX-W3*-yyr^y%:\C£ .".'.VA\\| L. "VR/Z£S tor Costumes voted most beautiful or most original FHBRUARV 4,^9X9 "VR/Z£S *oT* GoStu/saes voted Most Beautiful or most criminal FEBRUARV 4,19X9 fefc H 99 The more we are io -getter, t°;g&er, H^g^^M^ *c«~»to-gtf*r - ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^*^3 »y fcends ana my _friends ^e yc^^^^^^^e^^^^^ _ £he TRY THIS on your Table. Coxn-p3.xxioTis... Then come to -the *HAPPY CRUISE MEMORIES" DANCE, 7!hzs Evening, Saturday, April 20&. ISSUED ON BOARD !^2^5^M TPUCHESS OF ATHOLL {2 99 Theiiwreweareto-ge&er, ^gjer, to-ge&er, ob,ihz more v/e are fo-ge&er - -fte Ue**'iCt we 5lial1 -be.. - :pbr :ybwr£ri&ia3s are »y feends ana my fiends ^ey^frjen^So/&2«^we(areto.ge^er - the ~ TRY THIS on your Tahle Compaxiioans... Then come to the °HAPPY CRUISE MEMORIES" DANCE, This Evepiwg, Saturday, ApriX TLOiTk. issued on Board hA^AOG^AM DUCHESS OF ATHOLL d 32>A%< -a * iSLe ar /v\ak/y r< vees M CA WAS CALLED v*XAY/WACAy/ SV FO&M&Z INHASITANTS, THE ARAWAK JN1>IAN5. 144 Mt ces long--4-3 miles Wfp€ -no part MOR6 THAN 2.5/vMlES PROM SHA. AACa^VOG-T^AAA A'VAT* ^ % ISLAND ofJAMAICA-^ FOR REFERENCE PURtMG LECTURE JANUARY T2LSf 1^2.9 ^^J E A N S £ CAV/VWO ISLANDS IN I503, WAS FOfcC^O SY C STOR/YS TO l-ANI> AT PRY HARBOUR A HO RSVsA»M£0 *S _.%<*- AT ST. ANA/S BAV ^A*/*' ^^ PORONt ^ elP^ JAAAAICA HAS g£0,000 fNHABITANTS ONfL.y !S,0OoC2%) WWlt€ P£OPL£ S6o,ooo e lacks CAFceicArvj oescef^T^ 1^0,000 CoconiCD CA*»x€il> 0UDOD) Wednesday, April IO, 1923. *HIS has beeoa ANOTHER GR^AT DAV< — We left Cairo cm otxr special train 45his zzborriixig and came -fco "Port Said where we re-eirjCbaa^ecl an -£ke iDi2iCM£SS or ATM02LL. Xfc -was JiXe xvcorn.ing home t AFRICA Is behind txs. We arrived Capetown, SouAk Africa, on £h& 2g£k o£ "Febrixary since -that date we have seen and done and BOUGHT many thing's. ^Naples is otxr next port-of-ptircKases* !S£U£C> OM BOATtD CAM ADIAN PAnCITIC -AFJZ/CA CRuise 0*^| JPVC/VJE'SS OF ATHOLL v" • -ft jif.3 2jve Second Anxitial 5E^^SSTk-,—^ GAK?ADlAJSr PACIFIC • '... :.3^jItetr.2CA C&uisz: 132-9 tTtu«:rtA«.V SUBJECT TO CH«NCg ,uanP •$%s?-r th TO GALLGRlES we v»s nbu-t^al G«OUNT> WOOKIKTG- EAST Bram otxr ship in the 'Bay o£ Gibraltar; we behold an impressive view of the mlgK-by rock. jL-£ It is a peninsula less -than one mile -wide extending •feree miles south £rom Spain. Connecting Gibraltar W-tfh the mainlaaod. is a low IsthrmxS on which lies Nentnal Ground, guarded on its two sides, one-half nxile apart, By 'British Qnd Spanish sentries. svGr5bnaltar//is a corn-a-ption of J~ebet Turtle — (Motxrxfcairi of Tarih) ~ n33msad a£terr -the htoorisHx general} Tarik., who built i-fcs first fbrtrfica^fclon. The roclc Has been besieged move -than 3l doz&n tinaes. A British Jtleet captured it im VJ04:. Tlie ^Peace Treaty of Versailles, 1783, confirmed Great Britain in.possession* Otxr shore excursion includes a. visit to some or* the fbrtiJKcatlons which Have only in receaat years "been open for Inspection 2>y visitors. GiBraltars profile tears veseyribl'&ixce "bo sl lion coxachaint, Great "Britain's symbol of empire ■ The Spanish call it ITZ Cu3erpo {the. body) because its appcacrance ? seen from. Algeciras, ibtxr miles west across the Bay; is that of a shroxxdszd corpse. ISS«j€D ON BOARD CAHAPIAM PAC(F<C Sourn Af«e#-tcA ^ I -ATRdOA 7 <32fZ(d'5£- Q>. &UCHE.SS OF ATHOLL Kf^e ^ galleries T° 3 WE VISIT* neutral Ground WOOKIN& EAST £cvxn otxr ship in the "Bay o£ Gibraltar, we behold an impressive view of the mighty rock. JIL-£ It is a peninsula less -than one rnde wide extending' three miles sooth from Spain • Connecting Gibraltar waih the mainland is a low IsthrmxS on which lies Nctxtral G^ouaad, guarded on its two sides; one "half mile apart, by ~Briti£h. and Spanish, sentries • NVGribraltar//is a corr-uption of Jehzt Tctril<. — (iMo-untain of Tarihi) - named after the Moorish, generalj Tarils-, who built its first fortification. The roclc haLS been besieged more than £L dozen times. A British. Jrleet captured it in 1704-. The Peace Treaty of Versailles, 1783, confirmed Great Britain in possession. Our shore excursion includes a visit to some or the fortifications which Ixave only in recent years been open for Inspection by visitors. Gifcr^altars profile iears resemblance -to a. laon cot^chant, Great Brita Sns symbol of empir e - The Spanish call it ITZ Cuuerpo {the, body) because its appearance, seen from Aigeeiras, totxr -miles west across the Bay; 5s that of a shrovidjzd corpse. issued on BOARD ^&+gG%AA« CANADlAM ■PA.C(T=«C Sourn <2>. Z2UCHESS OF ATHOLL lahp v&>d0^ GALLERIES we v»sir' NBuTr^AL Ground 'OOKIN& EAST £com oxjlt ship in the "Bay o£ Gibraltar, we behold an impressive view of the mighty rock. It is a peninsula less than one mile wide eocbzriding feree miles south £rom Spain. Connecting Gibraltar with the mainland is a low Isthmixs on which lies Neutral Grroxzmd, g^ardizd on its two sides, one-lialf mile apart, by T&ritisfa and Spanish, sentries. VN Gibraltar "is a corruption of Jefoel TctriU ~ (Motxixtain of Tarilc) - named after tbe Mborish. general, Tarik-, who built its first fortification. The rooJc Kas been, besieged more than oL dozen times. A British fleet captured it in 1704. The Peace Treaty of Versailles, 1783, confirmed Great Britain in possession. Our shore excursion includes a. visit -fco some or the fortifications which, fiave only in recent years beean open for inspection 2>y visitors. ,M rtVj'miii^iMNii^mYi' vrvr:;i.-*.r;>-.l;Vi;;"w-?>;'l'-:;r-rrfr-v.iiy>i Gitraltars profile hears reserr&laiice -fco sl lion coixcliant, Great Britain's symbol of empire. The Spanish call it jETZ Ctxerpo {the. body) because lbs app&a£raxioe>, seen from Algeciras^ dfbtxr miles -west across the Bay; is that of a shroviduzd corpse. ISS**£D on BOARD ^e^0^^ CANAP/AM PACIFIC Sol/t/v 0. X2UCHBSS OF ATHOLL •|"OOKIN& EAST Qcom our ship in the "Bay of Gibraltar, we behold an impressive, view of the mighty rock. M-~£ It is a peninsula less -than one mile wide extending' three miles south £rom Spain. Connecting Gibraltar with the mainland is a low isthmus on which lies Neutral. Ground, guarded on its two sides, one-half mile apart, by ^British and Spanish, sentries. * Gibraltar" is a corruption o£ J^ehel ToriI< — ("Motxritain of Tarilc) - named after the Mborisht general, Tarikj who built its first fortification. The rode ixas been, besieged more ^than 3l dozen times. A British, fleet captured it in 1704. Tlie Peace Treaty of Versailles, 1783, confxrnoed Great Britain in possession. Our shore excursion includes a visit to some of the fortifications -which Ixave only in recent years been open for inspection by visitors* QibraVtarr's profile bearrs resemklaxxce -to a. laon couchant, Great Britain's Symbol of empire. The Spanish call it jETZ Cvuerpo (the body) because its appearance, seen from Algeeiras, dfctxr miles -west across the Bay^ is that of a shrouded corpse. v.^2^5^/ JSSti^P ON BOARD CANAPIAM PACCFIC *> South Af*C*-lcA 1 -A^RdOA C23fzui5& <929> <5X &UCHSSS OF ATHOLL d MHAAO<S-RA/V\ AAAp ^ GAPE PENINSULA Sou.th.J2frica ISSUED ONBOARD AT -AMANZlMTOTI-NEA-stDTjUBA^-gouTH AFRICA DAR-ES-SALAAls/i. ZANZIBAR... MOMBASA;.. Names to conjuure with in "Where strange races min- in a strange and colotxrf^ poptxla.fcioja. Hatighty Arab, lithe East Sturdy Malay and everywhere the dark natives of darkest Afir ... SwalxiliS, Zoxluts, Sudaunese. ISSU6D ON BOARD X>UCHESS OF ATHOLL -AFfZ/CA cieufSz ^H YO" GIVE M£ * P I SN'O^O EQUATOR ? u£ th£ equator "Over The Line" s*v& T H g E QU AT Q R, " ^K^^'v AT &-4&*1* AT NOOM ^ ror?AV An .T 5.45 a.m. TODAY, Sunday, Febr-uary 3,1929, 33/^ days from X Port of Spain, Trinidad, on our -way to Hio de Janeiro, Brazil, the DuucHZSS ofAtmotll, passed from the North Atlantic Ocean ACROSS THE EQ.UATOR into the South Atlantic Ocean. Our latitude was ZERO, our longitude 4a°5G'West. Aix Temperature was only 80~ water temperature also 80? NEAREST LAND (other than that below us) is ahou±. 132 miles away. Our speed is 17Va. Knots, butt the Equatorial Current is retarding' us about 1V2. knots. ISSUHD ON BOATtn tJs.eN^oG7?^M CANADIAN , 1 PACIFIC r SouthJiws/vcA -JiFR/CA i ) QRUtSB \ «929 ^ J /WARTO ■£>*# DUCHESS OF ATHOLL OUR NEXT port-ofcall, after Capetown is I Part. TEZlzabtthi one of the five chief ports of £ke Union of South A&uca. It is situated on AlgoaBay, wbich Bartkolrnew Diaz discovered in I486 and named Bahle da Lagoa, Bay of the Lagoon- Here landed the British Settlers of 1820 who laid the foundations of the present day city. Growth during tlie past twenty years has heerx extremely rapid. Although, the population is less than £*o,ooo, Port Elizalretla will undoubtedly Continne ber progress. We mow loolc upon a, rLew metropolis in the malting. Our shore excursion by nxobor car includes a city drive via Town Hall, Cape Road, Frames Drifts ....through Walmer we proceed to Schoennxatcers Kop $ th.en.ce via Evlairine Drive in Humewooci, -the welld<nown bahhing resort, where we stop for luncheon at the Hotel Elizabeth. "We return by way of the Esplanade and shop ah the Snake Park and Tsfaisexxrxi.. Vronx there, -we go to Teathjer IVlarlcet H all > Which contains war pictures TKe last tender leaves shore ah 5. IS p.m. Oxxr ship leaves at e.oOp.m. fbr Parban. ISSUED ON BOATIP CANADIAN* -pACtTlC <$outh America j QJZUISE • 919 G T>UCH£TSS OP ATHOLL /•/ \>\ "South of ilxe gun" en Wednesday, February S^1 ^ THE EQUATOR £tf£* I ARoua/o EASTER WfWOST M:T:^^ - W,?WT POINT or THE American . - CONTINENTT222%1 J/KT NOON , TOPAV / FEBCtm VtAT.J6°42,S -pro OT-; ;:;:::.Sahto5 T&OPtC OF CAf>R.tCORN A LTHOUGH we crossed tke Equator /\ last Sunday mornings it was not ii not until 10.00 a.tn. -today that we crossed the Suns path* Those Handsome officers on die bridge who^lcnow all abotut the Southern cross* (so say the pretty girls) today observed that the declination of the sun was almost identical with our latitude (16°4-2'S.) - nearly lOOO miles south of the Equator. In other words, if it had been ten o'clock at noon (Just supposing/); the Sun would have been momentarily in our zenith (directly overhead) and all objects on deck (including members of the ^reducing classes * itx the Gym.) would have cast the leash possible shadow Hooray/ Otl deck tomorrow and on shore during our excursions at Rio de Janeiro, it can be noticed that objects such as telegraph poles and thin people cast Very short shadows at ixoon. * When we are in South Afirica neoch month, we must look north to See the sun and our shadows will fall on our south Side. The reverse will he true when we are back in the Northern H-emisphere again in April * Ox counse we had cool weather -today. • ♦ ■ only 89° af noon yes* *k co\jdd have i>een mxzch warmer. ^eA^oG^^ ISSUED OM BOARU r#*// yfa^&r-^. X>UCH£SS OF ATHOLL ON SUNDAV, February 26, \92B, iUzSS. EMPRESS OFr#ANC£ delivered to the people of the "Lonely Island ''approximately TW6NTV TONS of donated supplies, among which were the following items : 1800 lbs. FLOUR; f IOO lbs.SUGAR ; 400|bs.TEA; SOO lbs. SOAP; SOO lbs."ROILED OATS; i 50 lbs. TOBACCO; First Aid Kits; Safety Matches; Jams; Baking Powder; Ra/sInS; Butter; Candles; Candy; Malted Milk; Assorted Drugs; Castor Oil; Epsom Salts*, Needles; Calico; \Cmtt\r\g Materials? Drapery, Ladies Hose; Cotton Materials; Magazines; Books-, Toys; Bolts; Nails; Pots and Fans', Carborundum; Knives-, Bales of Cotton, Cord, Rope; 3 Wheelbarrows; Picks; Mattocks; Lead Pencils; F/Sh Hooks and Lines,* Harmonicas; Gramaphone Records and Needles E JkJEL Our good ship Duchess of Atholl called atTRiSTAN^ACuNHA on Sunday, February 24,1929. Within the remarkably short time of 3 hours and 2Q minutes, stores estimated at more than THIRTV TONS were landed. There were 55 bags of MAIL; 2JS CASES or BOXES; B bags of FLOUR.; 14 PARCELS y \B pieces of BAGGAGE TOTAL 3{4- PIECES. qA4£ INTERESTING ITBMS : The harmonium from Queen Mary; A WIRELESS RECEIVING SET with complete outfit, including' Batteries, Loud Speaker, Jars and Salamoniac (2. Years'supply); A WIRELESS STAFF (and FLAG-POLE)made on board; Jams j Preserves, Baking powder, Matches, Corn Flour, Custard Powder, Biscuits, Cigarettes, Flour, Soap, Glycerine, Cocoa, Chocolate,Tea, Sugar, Drugs, Candy, Salt, Candies, Tinned Fruits, Sewing Machine; Communion Wafers, Communion Wines ; Brooms, Clocks,Books, Paints, Boots, Shoes, Balls, Cndtefc Supplies, Flags,Toys, Hats, Musical Instruments, Enamel Ware, Scout Clothmg', Axes, Wall Pape.r, Hardware, Kitchen Utensils, Trousseaux, Cobblers Kit, Camera and Plates, Rat Traps, Crockery, Stationery In addition to these donations were many contributions from individuals On board the DlACH£SS OTT J\T2HTOls2L- MEMOG-12AA\ PANORAMA Z>34 aail£S /r,Ot*>T£VtUBO /STLB WLJELS FfZOrA CAPETOWN Edinburgh Settlement on TRISTAN i>a CUNfHA *THe Lonely Island* INnlCATING LOCATIONS OF FAAAiLV HOUSES O in UJ Zw OX o D ZOO*7A/£L Nor*rrH\A/£sr FfZOAA M OUMTAI/V S ITPE o I F < si j o «- M3 fSgSS tf o < x w >■ tf 2 -» x & o o y fv^ tf ° £ g < £ x 3 IhHO)U o uj -= M 2o ff 11 Z UJ 0 0 tu z z I < £ 3 z Ul UJ IM «D 5 < 2 UJ Ui U CD a z Ui X 2 IU Ul 2: x o 0 ail ClO 2 UJ u>tn ^, Si CO Z Z Ul PC P m 3 UJ 2 < O 2 < m s9 o > r < < o is O z i ca 8 f s 5 or o AU. HOUSES ARE "ON SLOPING GTCOUNO .ALL BUT TWO HAve -THATCH£P ROOKS JL5S NATIVE INHABITANTS THDR AIMCeSTI^V IS EN/CHJSM, SCOTCH, IRISM, ITALIAN AND U. S. AMERICAN. TDUCHBSS OF ATHOLL <3T ^TUTANKHAMI TERRACE \ TEWPLE. \ OF * HATSHSpSliT *'W\ SETIL ';A%S> Ram esesSL !^ -+ Sft* /^Ar the tomb Sf>-:: :> ■- * ^,. IjJWT KING- *&. "^ ainaenhotepji/ tut-amk:h -. SHORT •<■■ TZOUTS2 H/Lt~ ftd. I <23\ ■Aki ^-'VTHOTHMeS / ^^ramesseum tHEBES M6DIHET" HAHU . / 13)46 \jJHOUB NECROPOLIS v ^ V /S KNOWN AS TH&B& v^opULETTE **^ Jfafi* icfr NOW we cotme to the leading metropolis oP Sotxtlx America *B.A'' 5s also the second largest Latin city of the world and trtxly one of tkeN\hea-tf£y spots'"In the Southern Be*n5s;phere* Our three half-day sighhseeing excursions by motorcar in the city itself reveal to xxs marry 3masierpieces of architecture and landscape that* chaxtn beyond e;xpectatiori. KTo where else lias so rnxxch artistic talent and lavish, expenditure heen employed in the designing of a city beatitidPixl. :Notal>ly interesting a*e Calle Florida, and Avenida. delvlayo., the Capitol > Colon rHheakre7 iihe Cathedral and iRecoleba Cemetery, "We are making a half-day <a^zxxrsion ho Tigre, fa^Monahle summer and boating resort. Saturday is Sree ior shopping- On S-unday afternoon we have -the opportunity of seeing -the races at Hipodromo ArgervtifiQ, home of the fatnous Jockey Chsh. ... ISSUEI> ON BOAT^B ^AB^5^A;rv CAMAD'AN VACIT^IC South /\m£izica -A'F&lCA Ctujise (929 TDUCH&SS (D7=r ATHOLL E are looking forward to oxxr arrival in Port o£Spam, Trinidad, -tomorrow afternoon, Tuesday, the 2.9-Lh of January. <J<osfc imagine how d^fferexit our reception will he £ro*n that given to Ck-risiopKer CoUtxttthixs -when he discovered Trinidad in 14-9^. He is said to Jhaveieen fearfnl that the natives "were going to he -unfriendly -jhossihly beosnxse he had not discovered ■their island in 149X. Hoping that muLSic would Sootlxe the Savage hest, Colutmhixs commanded ius nrutsicians to play a lively tune J3lZTi contrary to expectations, the natives let fly a flock of arrows and -then Sled £l&ztly to the hiUs. iStpZ^M CANADIAN ) PACiriC issuer* on BoAROj y^-FTZtCA yduchess of atholl > CnuiSE I 1929 WI—T-" ^^/>Si^&Sf^C; • ^Wi' r~ -V: ":v\:. 'vd'd'ft' I.^*^ 5r**l- ^-^^-> 22 2T22'3T2i^:32dip3^23_ y^t^dTT^d: THE TOMB of King Tut-Anldi-Amen in the Valley of the Kin gs on the. west bank of the iSIile is bxxb one of many places of Inter<>st visited on the optional excursions in Upper Egypt. Ancient Thebes/the hundred-gated!', once ranked as the wealthiest, mightiest city of all the world...,, her peak of prosperity was reached about 1411 B.C., -when "both Lnxor and Karnak were Inol-uucLed in "her glory. Now only r\xins remain. "We look -upon splendid architectural fragments that have withstood the destruction of time aadwan. Some of these antiquities are expected to survive modem monuments. Qtxeer hold-overs from a distant yesterday are the two colossi, Tayyia. andSha-ma,. The one to the right in the sketch helow is Tar^ta, known as the Vocal Memnon, reputed to have emitted Sounds like Sin-ging daring snnrise ~ txntil XJ&.C. when an earthqixake made it dnrnb. !S9U£D ON BOA-PtD CANADIAN! ■PACIFIC I South America -AFfllCA ) CRU(S£ TDUCHESS or ATHOLL cWorld cWbnder "Places. "WHAT and "WHERE are #iese ? mgM i- W:: ■.■.-.>.-$»* if v**?-^^?:: :,ft w m <§E£ THEM on the *£aiprfss of Australia * j^ound-the-World-Cruise 1929 — 1930 ^Ssfia Q£g£gS^^ 3Mm33 3m3M o e> o o Ml lili ISSUED ON BOARD [^-^'^^^-J DUCHESS OF ATHOLL j&S&^ ISSUEO OH BOARD 2DucH£ss of Atholl ^o you believe in Witch "Doctors? M TANY TRIBES of Africa, still adhtere to -their L native cuatoms and superstitions old and Strange. Witch doctors, adept -with terrifying tricks of sorcery, continvue ho practise -their eraffc. ^Violent stamping op-feet is believed to &igrrfcen tKe evil spirits out of the earth. In -times of drought5 -the official ^rain-malcers* come to the resctxe by performing th/a N'gotina-rain-5ome- more"' dance, which consists mostly of .spearing the air and sKrielcirtig' wildly. ISSUED OM BOARP M&AAOOR.A.AA. pacific N^ ^^^ ""N^/ ^^TWC**1 ^ai/NV^UiiV^UiJS^ CRUiSg © VUCHFSS OF ATHOLL Tlrougk &/BATTLE WATERS'tf East Africa <l JO PO/LT SUOAN 2253 AA//LG& do. t» 3 fND/A A/ OCBAN . -. •* —.d3. ■■-■■■ .l^tOTESTAMT HQ"**J!X •^^icS^S^^^aBft-. -Sit yPJ&l* CU5TC H0USS-.£&I-AN1>I M<S \ PLACE £jl«j TDAR3ES-SALAAM HARBOUR, SUWKEN / ^*TJOCK ...igjGMAC" ~- STATION 'KON/G Ut*STt*€*NK 1 THE NEXT few days will find txs in that section of East Africa which, Skgvred importantly in ihe recent "World War DAR-ES-SALAAM, where we call on Sunday, 24£2t of March, was the Capital of German East Africa and suffered laeavy bombardment*. Wrecks of warships may still he seen here. lndhe Harbour of 'Zanzlhar, our port- of-call on the 05*\ ~£he *pEGA5US'> was sunl^ by #ie*KQNlGSSER£t There was frghtiwg afc Tan^a. KilwaKIvmje, Kilwa Klsiwani and Kiswere -were also places of conflict. TKe ^Kq^IIGSBKBG " was sunk in the R-u£y i. A British Naval Base was established atrLindi. TsLiver, scene of Jheavy ixs^bing* &* issubo o^i :BOAreo CAAiAOlAM -PACIFIC Sour£e/ziCA CRU/SS o. X)UCH£$S of ATHOLL issuer? on boat^e? OPTIONAL EXCU&S/QhS BY TR/\ttJ to ]ZO/y\E 11% RUlNS op CUM AS CASE7*TA PALACE HALF-DAY QpTfONAL BXCU&S/ON 2$ M/ceS SAC// WAY BYMoroxz, ^PTPL^s /dCLUoe/y LA2/2T&.1 SOLFATARA -'/EXCURSION T - AV&RNB * . £*■*: 'N C/TY *~2r 2ft-ft^i\o%-'^ .\&>c SAY OF N A P t. es *' DO YOU LIKE i, NAPLES ? *r>o?r2¥T* h//kJLF-&AY VESUVIUS"" bxcurs/oh s O^ERC U LAN eu^ /nccugSo BXCU/2S/ON aPOA4PEII FULL-&AV ~*-^ OPTfOtsAL ^ EXCU&^fON * TO ^< AdSiJ^L/z/ ANd> SORRj£AtTor BY A^oro/^ > issuer? on BoAi^r? £fAO(£jR^ CANADIAN PACmC I Sou7£' _A cnu/SB 19x9 CAPRI £ • 'PrtaM PQ&3T SA ID dx. //JLO s*'£-£S Q^j TOUCH ESS OF ATHOLL OPTIONAL EXCURSION BY TR2MM TO JZO/V\£ ' CASBTITA PALACe HALF DAY QPT/ONAL EXCU&S/ON 2$ M/teS FACU WAY BYMOTOfiL ilPTPLEs jdCiUDED ~\iexcursion ; :-=: :(N CITY 2-f-r^ ;\ ISCHIA Tf ISLAND It'rocix^a ; %Vl CV^fLAN?^ f>&2d>* 10^2 ■ 3-3,e5 SAY OF N A P i- ES like /, ^g,y£J; NAPLES ? ,<v£ NG&% TA$T£P VESUVIUS- %$2'u°rs1£a, 3^H ER.C U LAN CUM /MCt.ua££> SXCO/ZS/ON ^AOa^ issuer? on boatz.;d TeA at ^ SORRENTO^ OPT/o/^AC \ EXCURSION TO ANd> soR/zEAf toby AAOTOAZ. *y LUNCHSON j AMjPiLFI'fa v j*■••'WdM" POR3T SAID ?v //.20 /v\/*.j£S Z>UCHESS OF ATHOLL OPTIONAL EXCURSION BY TR/MtV TO JZQ/V\£ RUtNS oA CUM AS L/fk&l Av^nNS A ' CASSP3XA PALACE HALF-PAY QPT/ONAL. EXCURS/ON 25 Mil £5 SACU WAY BYMQYOXZ, * DO YOU L1KS /, gH^ NAPLES? 24/33 SOLPATARA itPTPLEs thicLuoezz ~*m excursion ; - >r:. ://v c/TY *~2^ iSCHfA Yp INLAND |> J^, VOZLUOU ^AlAE*Vi^:.^.^-i-\ hdftJ>T:y^d ?n»ocir>A •'"•"v..-.. . ^" (/i cv <slanc> .;;; '"■•• di. .d&W% 3232m. -O'' %rg\ dp" BAY OP N A P L £ S w.t\L.F-I2>/\Y OPT Q A/At. BdTCURS/OH H/\LF'UAY fNcc.ua so excu/^s/OA/ Pompeii OPT/OSSAL • EXCURSION TO ■AM/\Lf=t ANd> SORREAfTCk" BY A4QTOR TEA AT lunchSon V. AT AAA/UJFI t*' e^OG^y ISSuEI? ON BoA^D CAN/Ar>,'AN PACfFfC CRU/SB \ T3-3y' ' >*\ /,.••' '• • \ ;;;; . \> dT/2 ' '■ '■ ^: ( jC... *?■'■ ■ **? SORREN3 "Sddl oP ia>* WZ;$$p CAPRI *^\ jewoiM PQR.T SA/O JI2.0 S*'£-ES <5V**£. Z>UCHESS OF ATHOLL OPTIONAL EXCURSION BY TR2\/AS TO JZOME A ' CASBnTA PALACE HALF-DAY QpT/ONXU. EXCURS/OA/ 25 MIC £$ SAC/s WAY BYMoroA, * DO YOU LIKE ,, M> NAPLES ? frH*w" £f?LEs RU/h/S OF CUM AS IhfCLUOED lM£1 solfataka 'Cexcursion : ~ av SPINS • . C"r =?. *<W C/rK^. •PD22UOLI 36* ^ALP-DAK _ OPTIONAL. BXCURS/OH H/\LF-£)frY fNccuaSo EXCO/2S/ON Pompeii /V FO L L - Z>A V~ "* - - OPT/OA/AL \ EXCURSION | AASl/\L/=/ ANd> SORREA/To- BY MOTOR. "p ISSUHO ON BoATCt? erAO^^/ CANADIAN PACfT^c Soot" ^ -AFTZ/CA CRU/SB CAPRI £■ »**££** Port SA id yK.... //2.Q s*it~&S £W^ duchbss or ATHOLL OPTIONAL EXCURSION BY TR/dw TO ]ZO/y\E RUiNS OF CUM AS fi ' CASSPTA PALACE HALF-DAY OPTIONAL EXCURSION 25 Mft£S SACU WAY BYMoroxz, * DO YOU . fi0^r *S* like H %£,re£i NAPLES ? we N&Jg TASTED 3$/ iSCHlA ISLAND MU ■) y. L/fHi.1 SOLFATARA AV£RN£ ' "FOZZUOU ^4 ■^PTPLEs INCLUDED -'2 EXCURSION ; - Z~-2} SN CITY %~2? W/kJLF-ZXAiY OFTIOA/Al. BXCURS/OH HALP-JDAY fNccuaSO EXCO/zS/OA/ Pompeii SAY OF N A PLSS FULL'&Ay*-^^ OPT/OA/AL EXCURSION TO ^ AtMALP/ ANd> SORRENTO- BY MOTOR *Z ef>AOS^ i, CAfNfAIPiAN PACI"F/C \ South AM^7^' 1SSU£I? ON BaA'PP . y-frdaNi. PoR-r SAID d //2LO y^/LBS <^>4a -AF7Z/CA CRU/SB 49x9 22UCHESS OF ATHOLL rEMQ GRAMS are pictorial memoranda produced hy artists on hoard and issued from time to tim<s at luncheon and dinner during the entire cruise. The complete series of more than one hundred memograms will include informative sketches explaining foreign products send customs; maps and diagrams for reference during lectures and on shore excursions; souvenir artists-proofs of original drawings depicting scenes along the -way 3 entertainment announcements; topical cartoons; post-cards} illustrated letter-forrns to save time in correspondence) and decorated envelopes for posting extra copies to £riends at home* IMPORTANT: Cruise Members are advised to start individual files o£ nomograms JVOW in order to preserve a vxnioQjjz record o£ their travels. Special portfolios are ohtainable at the Shop, Promenade Deck Square. This is an exclusive. CANADIAN PACIFIC Feature. ISSUED ON 8OARD ^AOGT?^ S0UTHj\MmtCA G&U1SE I COPYRKSHT, I92S Q**£J TDUCNESS OF ATHOLL THOUSANDS of years have, in passing, left a rich, heritage: in -the Land of The Mile... We are entering a vast treasury -which contains a wealth of antiquities hoarded Scorn -the early dawn o£ civilization. The city of Cairo itself £airly dazzles Our eyes Here are the IVSoscfcueS; -the great Egyptian Museum; 'El Azhar", Moslem University; the Citadel, Tombs of the Mameltokes and the Native Bazaars / We visit £he Pyramids and *£he Sp^«i06 near Cairo. Included also in our excursions is a steamer -trip -up thte Kile to Bedrechein. Some of us are making an overland opiiona? excursion from. Port Sudan -to Khartum, Ondurman., Wady Haifa, and down the Valley of the Kile... to Abu. Sirnbel, PJxilae, AsSuan, Xuo<or. Others are going to Jerusalem and BethleHem. TJhere is in addition an optional excursion to iuocor, Karnak and Thehes. 11 I 1 I I 1 foil I T>UCHE.S& Of= AT Ha I. L i I !3l THOUSANDS of years have, in passing, left a rich, heritage in -the Land of The Mile... We are erd:<zring a vast treasury Which. contains a -wealth of antiquities hoarded Scorn 41ie early dawn of civilization. The city of Cairo itself fairly darzles Our eyes Here are the MosqueS; the great Egyptian Museum; El Azhar^ Moslem. University; the Citadel, Tomhs of the Mamelukes and the Native Bazaars / We visit -Bae Pyramids and tile Spliinoc near Cairo. Included also in outr excursions is a steamer -trip tip tlie Nile to ISedr&chzin. Some of us are making an overland ofi-itonal excursion from Port Sudan to Khartum, Ondurm&n., Wady Haifa, and down the Valley of -the Kile., .to Abu Sirnbel, PKilae, AsSuan, Xuxor. Others are going to Jerusalem and BethleKem. Ttxere is in addition, an optional excursion to hao^or, Karnalc and Thehes. I Mi m « /•'II^HOUSANDS of years have, in passing, left a | rich, heritage, in -the Land of The Mile... JL We are entering a vast treasury -which contains a -wealth of antiquities ho&rdexd Scorn -the early dawn of* civilization. The city of Cairo itseldf fairly dazsles Our eyes Here are the MosqueS; -the great Egyptian Museum; El Azhar, Moslem University; -the Citadel, Tombs of the Mamelukes .■ «. .and-the Native Bazaars / We visit -Ehe Pyramids and -fhe ^phdrvyr, tteerr Cairo. Inclixded also in oxxr er^cursiorxS is a steamer -trip -up tlie Nile to Bedrechein. Some of us are making an overland optional excursion from Port Sudan -to Khartum, Ondurman^Wady Haifa, and down the Valley of -the Kile., .to Abu Simbel, PHilae, AsSuan, Xuxor. Others are going to Jerusal^rn and BethleKem. THere is in addition an optional excursion to Xruxor, Karnak and T-hehes. SI 1 1 I i i 1 1 CANAPfAro 2>UOHE.S& OF ATHOLL I : THOUSANDS of years have, in passing, left a rich, heritage in -the Land of The 3s7ile... "We are entering a vast treasury -which contains a wealth of antiquities hoarded Scorn -the early dawn o£ civilization. The city of Cairo itself fairly dazzles our eyes Here are the MosqueS; -the great Egyptian Museum; El Azhar, Moslem University- -the Citadel t Tombs o£ the Mamelukes and the Native Bazaars / We visit the Pyramids and -the Sp^^^ near Cairo. Incltxded also in o-ur excursions is a steamer -trip <up the Nile to ~Bzdre,chein. Some of us are making an overland optional excursion from Port Sudan -to Khartum, Ondurman,Wady Haifa, and down the Valley of ihe Kile... to Abu Simbel, PJailae, AsSuan, Xuxor. Others are going to Jerus^em and Bethlelxem. THere is in additian an optional excursion to Luxor, Karnak and TJaehes. ^£J±£G*AA\ CANADIAN* PACTRC ^^r^^A I ^ I ISSUED ON T&UCHE/S& OF ATHOLL [5pVVVVVV\7VVV\7^^ "ALIGHT ON THE DESERT0 : > ffi VAAA/WSA/ v/wA/s/yyvAA^ :S^f^r: "GO"-*- _ ,-2-3 'ia £7te Sti&dow of ths, Pyramids -y/here Romance CaUs" N RESPONSE to numerous requests, arrangem.en.ts _ Have keen made for -byvo op-bionaZ excursions (on tlie nights o£ April 7£b and 8-&o) to -the pzserk o-utsi&e Cairo I 4.30 p.m. Automobiles will leave Slxepheards Hotel. S.OOp.m. Arrive ai Men a House Hotel, -whence camels -will be taken to the Desert Camp, ahenxh 3 to 4 miles beyond the Pyramids ► 530 jvm. Tea-will be served at the Camp. 7-3op.-m. Dinner will be served at the Camp. 9.oo &> n.OOp.in. TMatlve Entertainment:* NEXT MOSK^G 730a.m. Breakfast. 8-30a.m. Leave Canvp hy camels. 9.oo am. Leave IViena Hoxise Hohd ly antomohile. 9.30 a.ra. Arrive Cairo. 'Each tent will contain two heds and other necessary equipment. Tickets - ^15.00 each person - may he purchased this afternoon (April 3rd) at -the Cruise Office* CANADIAN PACiPIC { Sout'H ^. -AF/ZJOA C&U/SE ISSUep OA4 BOATS!? TPljCd/SSS ORATA/02-L- I "A "NIGHT ON THE DESERT'1 . In &vz St^akow ofifa Pyramids • - ^yfkeveRomancer Calls" TN RESPONSE to numerous requests, arrangements 1 have heen made for two opiionaZ excursions (on the nights of April yth and Qth) to the peserb outside Cairo 4.30p.m. Automobiles will leave SJbtepheards Hotel. S.OOp.m. Arrive at Mena House Jrl&tel, whence camels -will be taken to the Desert Camp, ahoofc 3 to 4 miles beyond the Pyramids* 530 p.m. Tea will he served at the Camp. 7-3op.tn. Dinner wiU be served at the Camp. 9.oo £> n.oop.m. IMative ^Entertainment;. NEXT M.o:EUSU;NJ G 7<30au:m. breakfast. 8-30a.m. Leave Camp hy camels. 9.oo am. Leave Mena* hioxxse hlotsl ly antomohile. 9.30 &r*n. Arrive Cairo. Each tent will aonhaln two heds and other necessary equipment. Tickets - ^15.OO each person - may he purchased this afternoon (April 3rd) at -the Cruise Office- CANADIAN PACIFIC -AF/2/CA issuer> om i3oaj3£7 2PidC2iESS OF ATA/CN-L. /ASAAOORA/A PANORAMA (ojke (^or nlclie J)rive MONACO TO NICE AND RETURN lava sometimes'1 ''..,.. overflows outegl- ' ''"' Wall through cracks. FLOOR-LBdZL WAS 22.300 F££T BBLOW SUAAAA1T ^/UST AFT&/Z /DOS &&U&TION /T^T TKSWVlllQ changed its conical form in 1906* when *ft / an eruptioxa l>lew off 350 feet from the Summit v and enlarged the crater to a depth of shoxxk 2350 feet. Suhsequent falls of rock £rom the visits have increased t£je jraxlmum diameter te 2AOO -feerh. Avalanches and lava-flow from -the eruptive conelet and secondary vents have gradually raised the floor-level. The volcano's''breathing* hecomeg unsteady occasionally. Wesxxsriu.s periodically % clears its throat* after ahout OO years following an eruption. Tiie most recent eruption, "wa^ 2.3 years ago. CANADIAN PACIFIC -AFJZICA CRUISEi 1929 issuep ON BOARO 0. DUCHBSS OF ATHOLL 33d-"ft 44YES, Meesk, X,acii^s and-a GzniirxdiTi VVanna "iime-a wanna poet lie say-a 'See-a Naples anda die5... and-a rvu£ba wanna time-a -wanna s^art-a -fella Ke say-a'See Naples Snd-a LEEVE"' TvTe all-a-so same-a iThing-a -wanna sniari-a -£ella. -too Say l See Naples and-a L^EvF BUT please-a Imrra -u£> come-a hacTk. cju-eeck. rigli-i- away Soon .....'" Z>UCH£SS OF ATHOLL -time-a wanna poet . 'See-a Naples anda and-a txiaJTha. wanna wanna Snaart-a Say-a 'See Naples LEEVE' ■a-SO Same-a iTriimg-a Smari-a fella "ioo e Naples and-a LEEvE please-a Imrra tz£> hac'k. queeck. rlgM Soon .... ^^^^^^^^^^ T&UCHFSS OF ATHOLL ^ 'Yes, Mees^» l.a.S-eS a.nd-a G^tittrxBm \A/arma time-a wanna poet lae say-a 'See-a Naples anda. die5... and-a n-u-tHa wanna -fcinve.-a wantia Stnart-a -fella Ke say-a ' See Naples ana-a leeve ' Tvfe all-a-so same-a tking-a •wanna sniari-a fella "too Say l See Naples and-a LE'Sv.E' BUT please-a inxrra -u£> come-a. hack. OjU.ee.cl-c rigl^i- away Soon . -. . * t^'^E^M XHJCHBSS OF ATHOLL 44"YES, M^eS^a, L^dieS And-a Gznittxa-n VVanna time-a wanna poet h.e say-a 'See-a Naples anda die5... and-a rx-udha. wanna -time-a -wanna s^art-a fella Ke Say-a 'See Naples ana-a leeve » Tvfe all-a-so same-a -tking-a •wanna swari-a fella -too Say l See Naples and-a LEEv£ 'BUT please-a Imrra -up come-a 2?acl<: c\uezdk. Tight away Soon ., . . "> Ta in u VA«^^AM X>UCH£~SS OF ATHOLL 44Yes Mees^ j^aciieS and-a G^tittrx^n "Warma time-a -wanna poet he say-a 'See-a Naples anda die5... and- a txxx£ha- wanna -fcim<e-a -wanna s^art-a fella Ke say-a'See Naples an6L-a LEEVE' Tvfe all-a-so same-a iTkimg-a -wanna s^arc-a fella -too Say l See Naples and-a LEEvE KUT please-a hixtra -up come-a hack. Qjwz&c'k. Tight away Soon ... . TDUCHBSS OP ATHOLL 44Yes, ^ses^> Vvarma time-a -wanna poet lie say-a 'See-a Naples andb. die5... and-a -n-xzATha. wanna -time.-a -wanna s^art-a fella Ke say-a ' See Naples andL-a LEEVE' Tvfe all-a-so same-a -Qii-ng-a ■wanna smart-a fella -too Say l See Naples and-a LEEvE* BUT please-a hurra, up come-a hack c\uz&cl<. Tight away Soon ....".* mata CUt/1 SB <929 X>UCHFS$ OP ATHOLL 'One Day Before \ .Stromboli r rr,/ r>T n (3035 FE£T HIGH) iEOXIAW ISLANDS ^T4 \ ^ 1&AUM* \ X■■"HhE TOE/' m.*M**s*a? F/L/Cy&j ?\ > fe 0*F AZ/C6/*/ QL/PAW \ fgz )TAL y;.:::: &£FARC>X Ife! :-:::;:.•. ETNA T-yf f ^^C :E:3v;S::::~.. ("10,880 f^.H!$$y ^^1 Friday, April 12th., ~*QDAY AT NOON, on our way across the Mediterranean from Port Said to Naples, the X)ucHJSSS OFATJ&OZL wais abotxt 130 miles from Capo del Armi -which we shall pass at J-p-m. During out approach, we shotdd he able to See Snow-capped iyiT. ETNA, tke recently erixptive volcano, 'From 'J?**1- to Sp^m. we are passing* throngli tlie FARO or STI2A1TS OF A4ESSIKFA -aboxiut ao miles long. The li^ats of the City of Messina., which has been rebrxllh since the destrvLction l>y earthquake in 190,3, will i>e visible on our port hearn. Jvnst before clearing the. 5XRATTS at Capo de F/xro^ we pass the two whirlpools often mentioned in fable and history. *Scylla* (or Scilla) is on the right, jtxst o£f tke Italian coast, and vvCJiarybd£s''l£es on tlie le£t,-hkuz Sicilian side. STROMBOL1, an active volcano that lias served as a^ligixtlxoixse^ jror several centtxrieswill i>e on o-cur starboard side at lOp.^n. The £lare ironi its crater may be seen 2/3 o£ tke way l>elow tlie sunarriit • ISSUED ON BOARD ^^/M TOUCH ESS or ATHOLL UT7INE pleasant journey to 1 you entirely - mister gentleman and Icind mosb charmixig lady likewise... w Please LISTEN please LISTEN ME - one twomgnl: -perhaps no doxxbt yoiz nave Hear already how when once drirxjk of water of Kiver MILE rmnst always lilce drink, water froiax HI LE again.., u So yotx likewise come hack CXiko otker hlm<z agaioa - very nic&, yes - iiave more good-time •.. <( And PLEASE yoix noh £oraek rremerhher yenxr friend DSAGOMAra - yes- -please Jkeep yoix my card... * Yes, thank yoix3 VERY M&C&/'' J\;d 3:\-y.\\i^\ ]\ iV'3,32dAM\ 3} CANADIAN PACIFIC So2V2*<CA -AFK/CA CKUISE 1929 ~3dy3<3ft3ft3d3d3\ ■TT':r2dd i J 3& )Y SPECIAL TRAIN leaving directly from the wharf lynmcLcolaiella hftzova in Naples, -we journey about fifteen miles southeast through the Neapolitan countryside to tKe excavated town of Pompeii. h-nkering at Porta ivtarina, -we shop at the Museum wtiere interesting relies discovered in -the eoozavations ere displayed. Our Naples Sightseeing includes the Pompeiian Rooms op the National Museum containing fine statuary and ornaments, hut at Pompeii itself we see a collection of articles which tells vls ±he story of Pompeii as it existed just he£ore it was covered hy pumice and ashes from an eruption of Vesuvius, August 24, JBa.T). In small groups, we accompany the gnides through the ancient Poruna and various temples. We also visit what -were, long ago, most lavishly furnished homes. The inner courts of some of these have been restored. The Ttew excavations in the eastern part of the town are especially interesting. issuer* on boated DUCHESS ot Atholl TO SPH *NX I I (3§i£o 1 OAAAAAAA A A A A A> A A ^A.A^'S 0OK HOUSE AT HOfA£ FURNiruiee ISLAND STArno*4 5 SHEPHEA^DS | HOTEL dm CONTINENTAL, HOTEL landed i*i 97?A'Ov was-named J5Z BABLRA uThe ^icborxotis'' mm r 0 EGYPTIAN MUSEUM OP£RA SQUARE nSEMtRAAA<S HOT£U I 6K CA&RJ+GBJ SS± KNAKrf £t- KHAi.H.1 §&, JrVM©S€£ FOUND ifesft **£$ ? * >WtLOM« ^z> ^f*^ TOAA3^ OF THE AAAAABLUK^^ OLD CAfctO \t ISSUEO ON BOAW ' UP 7H€ WL£ TO BtBReCH&N CAr>AA*PIAN -PACIFIC <?OuTH ° AhK£.frlCA - AFRICA <2RUtSB VUCHBSS OT ATHOLL T A Ti & A TOVVM OF La UneadeLa Conception . NEU TRA'. GROUND. \ c< algsci^as On Spain) fS OL»£ WEST 4 Mlt£5 ACROSS THS BAV IKLCT-iJESS OF" ATHOLL, \ % / /-? %%J^2- caso-E . x~ '. ;• ft2T2\ PR\°? r ••• TCwtitr :T .. .;■■;. J %X A3CKJT i^-Vf 1C,-^J?^^:^ -^^y/ Catalan gallery es we visjt- TH«S SCARP STATION. .-* 1255*. ^^J^MP^ CM ASUS?.-:;S &AROEWJS-;.;-; ^. C' 'sriSAvpy fe Environs of Gibraltar^ Trafalgar^ SPAIN V ty %^&^0Ti&bratta? STMTS'3 33 ^Tangier i SPANISH'; pMoaocco ytdv-- -,-y %& y-■ * * d:fd-3^ \"r- 2 32' . f £ .BRfcAKNECflOJ vX \ ->>#,, 6TAtRS^.i^> ROSiA BAY W?™*1d t4Q9L<2 BUeNA V<ST< " >oimt /r.-2 f « % £t//*OPA-: FLATS point ISSUeX? ON BOARD CANADIAN PACIFIC -AFRICA Cr<uiS^ i919 morocco 0W Africa) IS i»Va aA<l£S SOUTH 4, X 2DUCWESS CV^ ATHOLL dP Oy SPECIAL TRAIN leaving directly from the I B w^ar^ Jynmacolaiella Ntzova in Naples, we sLB journey about fifteen miles southeast through the Neapolitan countryside to tke excavated town of Pompeii. Entering at Porta Tvlarina, -we stop at the Museum where interesting relics discovered in the eocavatioaos are displayed- Our Naples Sightseeing includes the Pompeiian Rooms of the National TvSuSeum containing fine statuary and ornaments, hut at Pompeii itself we see a collection of articles which -tells us ike story of Pompeii as it existed just hefore it was covered iy pumice and ashes irorn am eruption of Vesuvius, August 24, 7^ A.t>. In small groups, we accompany -J&te g-uides through the ancient Portion and various temples. We also visit what were, long ago, most lavishly furnished homes. The inner courts of some of these have heen restored. The ?tew excavations in the eastern -part of the town are especially interesting. *!&M&. ^Lm^mS: M CANADIAN PACIFIC 5o^w< A -AFR/CA CIZU/S£ 1919 i&&*^^ ■•-•^■'c^.Z:: -^iG^?1*^? HA» touch ess ot Atholl j x2r>n 33,■ \ i BY SPECIAL TRAIN leaving directly from the wharf Inrmacolaiella frftiova in Naples, we journey about fifteen miles southeast through the Neapolitan countryside to the excavated town of Pompeii. Entering at Porta ivlariha,-we stop at the Museum where interesting" relics discovered in the excavations are displayed. Our Naples Sightseeing includes the Pompeii an EoomS of the National lvlu.seu.rn containing fine statuary and ornaments 3 hut at Pompeii itself we see a collection of articles which tells us ±h-e story of Pompeii as it existed just hefore it was covered hy pumice and ashes from an eruption of Vesixvius, August 24, JB a.P. In small groups* we accompany the guides through the ancient Porum and various temples. We also visit what -were, long ago, most lavishly furnished homes. The inner courts of some of these have been restored. The new/ excavations in the eastern part of the town are especially interesting. i« u# J£ issuer* on board no CHESS op Atholl ROM NAPLES one. of our optional excursions takes us H on a day's outing hy motor curving along the X Bay shore and around the base o£ Vesuvius by way of historic Pompeii and Herculaneum through many quaint, picturesque villages climbing' steadily up the ridge oF Monte St. Angelo ... winding back, and forth among- terraced vineyards reaching the Summit and then gently descending the Southern slope. In Aroalix we stop for luncheon at the famous old Capuccinl Monastery.. •looking down upon the -turquoise Gulf of Salerno. Then on another winding1 drive along the cliffs ... to Sorrento on the northern side of the peninsula tea shopping / Then jbacl& -to Naples '—what happy memories^outs.... ISSUED ON BOARP CANADIAN PACIFIC South Amgwca -AFRICA CRxj/se tsas 2DUCHESS of Atholl jHriHJE MEDITERRANEAN, Sea~3etwzen~£kz~Lands, has a H length of 2320 miles and a maocinaum breadth of about JL logo miles. Its greatest depth is i4-,4oo feet- The Adriatic, Aegean, Balearic, Ionian, Levantine and Tyrrhenian Seas are divisions of the Mediterranean* Chief trljbutary rivers are the Ebro? Nile, Po and "R-hone. Largest islands are the Balearic group, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, Sardinia and Sicily. The Mediterranean, practically tideless, is more Salty than the Atlantic Ocean, its surface evaporation causes a rapid inflow of water through the Straits of Gibraltar, where, scientists believe, Europe and Africa •were formerly joined, together. There is also belief thai; the Mediterranean was cat one time divided by land extending' between Italy and Sicily and across the -Shallow water to Turds. ISSUED ON, TBO/\iej2> ^,^^^AM TDUCHSSS OP ATHOLL _^^ /"AEAAO<£r*A*A 'PANORAMA d)/ke QqV niclie Y)vive MONACO TO NICE A NO TZeTUftN s~*- A\£AAO^f*A/vA 'PANORAMA Qor niclie J)rive MONACO TO NICE AND T2€TUftN ^World cWbnder Places. "WHAT and "WHERE are Uiese ? See THEM o~^z * Empress ot Austjzalia * I^OUND-THE-WORLD-CaUISE 1.929 — X930 r^ssr ,v.f~ 222T/r^2T2^dT^32d. d T2^oVlCS OF THE rRopiCS^Ti Thursday, January 3\s£ \ | —^O On the. Shore Tender at Port Of Spain we were li Accompanied by the Orchestral mm i2c=^ MtDNIGHT PICTURE OP A PITCH-BLACK PITCHER PITCHING PITCH FROM PITCH LAKE, TR/Nt&ATO if® 2T&M '^lO'PlCAL^UN CARRIES A STRONGr PUNCH - H£ LOVES TO STROKE VOU OM THB HEAD AND OFTEN OWES A *PAfN IN THE NECK*/ 2SpTrl * CRUClS(o»- CRUX),popularly known as the Southern cross, may be seen each night now It Is said to be seen best from THE BOAT DECK AFTER 12 MIDNIGHT There is a /a/se Southern cross of larger $}-ze. but lesser b^f/iancy not far from the constellakfon <af or/on. The true cross may be identified by the two bright stars of ^-t^^^A/^ ~CENTAUR on the left. w- .// We Ai*e mow PROCEEDING FROAA TRINIDAD TO *RIO' AT A Sre&O OP \&% KNOTS, FOt-lOWING A (20°TRU£COURSe (s.Gope.) W£ SWAUC CONT/NU6 TW(5 SAM6 P/aeCT<ON PO** FOUR- PAV.S (about 1800 m(c-cs) ^eroRe w^ TR!W(t>AP CDRMeR * AT cA^e SAN ROQUE (ssueo on boarx> m M /^W^HOUSANDS o£ years have, in passing, left a S rich, heritage in the Land of The IsFile..* Jib "We are entering a vast treasury -which contains a wealth of antlcjul-ties hoarded from -the early dawn of civilisation- The city o£ Cairo itself fairly daxzles Our eyes Here are the JvIosqueS; the great Egyptian TVIxxsetxm; 2TZ Azhar, Moslem University* the Citadel, Tombs of the Manielukes and the Kative Bazaars / We visit the Pyramids and -the Sp^d^X- near Cairo. Inxduded also in our excursions is a steamer trip up the INfile to Bedrechein. Some of us are making an overland op-hionol excursion £rom Port Sudan to Khartum, Ondmrmanr>~Wady Haifa, and down the Valley o£ -the Kile., .to Abu Sirnbel, Vhil^e, AsSuan, Xu^or. Others are going to Jerusalem and ^Bethlehem. There is in addition an optional excursion to X»u*or, Karnak and TtieheS. **J {Number One] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE OUR acknowledgment is due to many sources for the information assembled in this series of notes. We are deeply obliged to many, but especially to the following: DeBeer's Consolidated Mines, West India Committee; United States Chamber of Commerce; Gold Producers Committee; Johannesburg; American Chamber of Commerce for Brazil; The Sudan Government; British Chamber of Commerce, Sao Paulo; The Rockefeller Foundation; His Majesty's Eastern Africa Dependencies; Union of South African Government; British Library of Information, New York City; Royal East Africa Automobile Association; Durban Publicity Association; Booth Line; Sao Paulo Railway Company; Coffee Institute of Brazil; National Geographic Society; Pan American Union; South African Railway Company; The Statesman's Year Book; The London Times; The New York Times; The Barber Asphalt Company; United States Rubber Company; Firestone Rubber Company; Sudan Almanac; Whit- aker's Almanac; World Almanac; General Motors Corporation; National Automobile Chamber of Commerce; Ford Motor Company; Transvaal Chamber of Mines; The Honorable Mayors of Capetown, Pietermaritzburg, Durban, Bloemfontein, Kimberley, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth and their officials; Benguela Railway Co., Lobito Bay; National Jewelers' Association of the United States; Governor of the Panama Canal; Detroit News. The following table shows the time in New York when it is 12:00 o'clock noon at the principal points of the "DUCHESS OF ATHOLL" Cruise: Noon In In New York Trinidad ....it is... 11:00 A. M Rio de Janeiro.... it is... 10:00 A. M Santos it is... 10:00 A. M Montevideo it is... 11:00 A. M Buenos Aires ....it is... 11:00 A. M Capetown it is... 6:00 A. M Port Elizabeth ....it is... 5:00 A. M Durban it is... 5:00 A. M Zanzibar it is... 4:00 A. M Mombasa it is... 4:00 A. M Aden it is... 4:00 A. M Port Sudan it is... 4:00 A. M Cairo ....it ....it is... 5:00 A. M Naples is... 6:00 A. M Monaco ....it it is... 6:00 A. M Gibraltar is... 7:00 A. M Southampton it is... 7:00 A. M United States. Brazil has 3,275,510, Argentine 1,080,- 900, and Uruguay 72,210 square miles. The Atlantic Ocean has 41,321,000 square miles, the Pacific 68,634,000, and the Indian Ocean 29,430,000. The deepest place in the ocean yet found is 145 miles southeast of Tokio, Japan, 32,644 feet. Visibility at sea depends on the elevation above the level of the sea. At 20 feet elevation one can see about 5 miles, at 50 feet 8 miles, at 100 feet 11 miles. One lineal mile is 5,280 feet, while a nautical mile is 6,086 feet. A knot is 1 nautical mile. The excellent South American Hand Book published by the South American Publication, London, gives much and accurate information regarding the conditions of South America. It will be found of much service to every member of our cruise. Another publication, a most superior one, which should be in the hands of every member of our cruise, not only for their pleasure but for their future reference is "The South and East Africa Year Book and Guide," from the press of Sampson Low, Marston and Company, Ltd., London. It contains a wonderful lot of concise, valuable and dependable information concerning the continent of Africa and we esteem it as one of the best guide books we have ever read. SOUTH AMERICAN AND AFRICAN RIVERS Area of Basin Rivers Length Sq. Miles Amazon, in Brazil 4200 4,200,000 Rio de la Plata, in Argentine... 2300 1,900,000 Zambesi, in Africa 1600 800,000 Niger, in Africa 2700 1,500,000 Nile, in Africa 3800 1,700,000 Congo, in Africa 2900 2,250,000 POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL CITIES WE VISIT ON OUR CRUISE The total land surface of the Earth is 57,255,000 square miles, of which 11,514,000 is in the African Continent, 9,323,000 in North America, 6,889,000 in South America, 3,729,665 in Canada, and 3,026,789 in the Kingston 62,707 Port of Spain... 65,016 Rio de Janeiro. .1,442,000 Santos 145,000 Sao Paulo 790,000 Montevideo 430,000 Buenos Aires 2,500,000 Capetown 223,556 Kimberley 39,702 Mafeking 2,297 Bulawayo 7,650 Pretoria 82,728 Johannesburg .. . 301,155 Bloemfontein . .. 46,087 Pietermaritzburg 40,894 Port Elizabeth... 52,888 Durban lS0,994 Mombasa 17,431 Zanzibar 38,700 Dar-es-Salaam . . 25,000 Khartoum 30,797 Omdurman 78,624 Aswan 11,293 Port Said 91,090 Alexandria 444,617 Cairo 790,939 Naples 784,464 Rome 746,783 Nice 155,839 Monaco 2,247 Monte Carlo 9,627 Gibralter 18,540 The National Automobile Chamber of Commerce in 1927 reports that there are 27,646,508 motor vehicles in the world, and 80 % of the total being in the United States. The following passenger cars are in the countries named: Abyssinia 100 Angola 700 Argentine 205,000 Belgian Congo. . .. 825 Brazil 60,800 British E. Africa. . 5,500 British W. Africa. 3,232 British Somaliland. 60 British S. W. Afr. 630 Egypt 14,842 Eritrea 95 French W. Africa. 2,101 Liberia 39 Palestine 1,427 Portuguese, E. Af. 500 Rhodesia 4,000 Sudan 600 Union of S. Africa 71,000 Uruguay 25,050 There are no automobiles manufactured in South America, practically the entire supply being furnished by the United States in the following percentages of American cars as compared with others: Brazil, 95 % ; Argentine, 95%; Uruguay, 89%; Paraguay, 100%; and other South American and Central American countries maintaining about that proportion. The United Fruit Company is planning to invest about $12,000,000 on the Pacific Coast of Panama. The plan provides for an annual production of 4,000,000 stems of bananas by irrigation, which is necessary on the Pacific side of Panama, which has a longer dry season than the Atlantic side. "The Panama Canal Record/' official publication of the Panama Canal, in analyzing the movement of commercial traffic through the Canal for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1926, says that the most important route was the trade between the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States, more than 10,000,000 tons of cargo having passed through the Canal during the year in this trade. Cargo moving between the East coast of the United States and the West coast of South America ranked second in volume, the tonnage in 1926 being greater than for any preceding fiscal years; 3,240,076 tons of cargo passed through the Canal on this route; 423,730 tons moving from the East coast of the United States to the West coast of South America, and 2,816,346 tons going in the opposite direction. The Panama Canal runs Northwest to Southeast, the Pacific end being about 27 miles east of the Atlantic end. The mean level of the Pacific Ocean at the Canal is eight inches higher than the mean level of the Atlantic Ocean. The Gatun Lake, even in a relatively dry year, receives an inflow of about 200 billion cubic feet of water, of which about one-half pours over the spillway. Plans are extant for a high-level reservoir, the Alhajuela Dam, to feed the lake and facilitate traffic through the locks. The lock machinery is electrically operated, and much power is used in opening and closing the 23 lock gates (aggregate weight 25,000 tons) raising and lowering the 12 fender chains, and opening and closing the valves. Power for this and other purposes is derived from the hydro-electric station, worked by the spillway from Gatun Lake. The number of tourists to visit Panama during the dry season, which corresponds to the winter months of the Northern Hemisphere, is expected to surpass the 10,406 travelers who arrived last year. Already 8,250 tourists are assured by the 21 cruises planned for this season, while the regular weekly sailings will bring others. An American firm has under consideration the erection of a $6,000,000 hotel in Panama. Some remarkable statistics were given in a report to the League of Nations Economic Committee at Geneva. Despite the growing importance of the United States, says the report, Great Britain still holds first rank among the creditor nations by the magnitude of her foreign investments, now roughly estimated at £4,000,- 000,000, a sum equal to the pre-war figures. The foreign investments of the United States are given as £2,800,000,000, 30 per cent being invested in Europe, 28 in Canada, 16 in South America, and 25 per cent in Central America and the Far East. Last year Great Britain contracted foreign loans for £150,000,000, the highest figure since the war. The world's total gold reserves at the end of 1927 are estimated at £2,519,800,000, the principal holders being America, £874,400,000, Britain, £147,800,000—a figure which exceeds that shown by the Bank of England report—France, £169,000,000, and Japan, £125,- 800,000. Contrary to that of most other nations British maritime traffic showed a big increase over recent years, the amount of idle tonnage in 1927 being much smaller than for a considerable time past. COMPARING TWO GREAT CANALS Panama Suez Length, Miles 50V2 103 Depth, Feet 41-45 36 Excavations, Cubic Yards 521,000,000 80,000,000 Cost $368,543,000.00 $95,000,000.00 Ships through in 1927-28 6,959 (1926) 4,980 Tonnage, Tons 29,458,634 26,060,377 Tolls $ 26,944,499.77 $37,318,000.00 The Suez Canal reduces the sea route to the East by 6,000 miles. The Suez Canal is 103 miles long (including 4 miles of approach channels for the harbor), connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea. It was opened for navigation November 17th, 1869. The concession to the Suez Canal Company expires on November 17th, 1968. The Panama Canal reduces the distance of New York from San Francisco by way of Straits of Magellan from 13,135 miles to 5,262 miles. The traffic through the Panama Canal in the fiscal year which just closed (June 30th, 1928) was greater than any preceding fiscal or calendar year. The traffic in 1928 exceeded 1927 by 18% in number of commercial transits, 12% in net tonnage, 11% in tolls and 7% in cargo carried. This growth of traffic has brought to the front consideration of the possibility of its exceeding the capacity of the Canal. Also considerations as to how the capacity may be increased. The present traffic is considered to be between 45 % and 50 % of that which the Canal can handle as constructed at present. {Number Two] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE The total net revenue from combined Panama Canal and Panama Railroad operations for the year were $20,621,314.82, the best showing for any year to date. During the year an average of 19 seagoing vessels per day passed through the Canal. Investment in the Canal is partly commercial, and partly for national defense. Arbitrarily the figure of $275,000,000.00 has been adopted as representing the investment in the Panama Canal in a commercial sense (exclusive of the Panama Railway Company) and approximately $115,000,000.00 including the $40,000,- 000.00 paid to the French has been charged off as expenditures for national defense. The Panama Canal has no interest charge, but there is a fixed annual charge of $350,000 for amortization of canal fixed property having a life of 100 years, and $640,000.00 covering depreciation at 2% per annum on property having a life of less than 100 years. The expense account of the Canal also includes a charge of approximately $750,000.00 per year for depreciation of Canal equipment and plants. To June 30th, 1928, operating expenses of the Canal since its opening amounted to approximately $104,000,- 000 and the revenues amounted to over $196,000,000. During the year ending June 30th, 1928, the Panama Canal Ice Cream and Milk Bottling plant manufactured 43,130 gallons of ice cream, and 186,023 Eskimo pies; bottled 441,319 quarts of milk and 16,823 quarts of cream. The total value of this output was $194,- 903.21. The ice plant manufactured 37,112 tons of ice, valued at $323,532.43. The first land of the New World sighted by Columbus was Watling Island among the Bahamas, and on its shore he knelt to give thanks to God on October 12th, 1492. The first settlement was established at Santo Domingo, the fort built for that colony was constructed from the hulk of his wrecked flag ship, the Santa Maria. It has been proposed to build at Santo Domingo on the island of Haiti, an adequate and dignified Pan American Union Monument to the Great Discoverer, Columbus. It is proposed that the 21 countries that constitute the Pan American Union, not only contribute financially, but also supply the native stones from each country to build the monument. It is proposed that the Pan American Memorial to the immortal discoverer be an enduring tomb upon which superimposed will rise a beacon tower, perhaps 300 feet high, on which would be installed one of the greatest of maritime lights, as an aid to the present day navigator. Columbus in his last request, asked to be buried in Santo Domingo, and there in the ancient Cathedral, it is claimed, rests his mortal remains. On August 26, 1926, the Argentine Senate approved an appropriation of 10,000 gold pesos as Argentine's gift toward the erection of the Columbus Memorial Light House. At its session on October 29, 1926, the Congress of the Dominican Republic voted an appropriation of $300,000.00 toward the erection of the Columbus Light House. The Virgin Islands of the United States were purchased from Denmark in 1916 at a cost of $25,000,000, consist of St. Thomas (28 square miles) ; St. Croix, (84 square miles); and St. John, (20 square miles). They lie sixty miles east of Porto Rico and have a total population of 26,000, which is overwhelmingly negroes. It is costing the United States $500,000.00 a year to maintain the islands. On St. Croix Island is a modern monument erected by an American woman to Rachael Fawcett Levine, who was the mother of Alexander Hamilton. Jamaica lays claims to being the loveliest of the West Indian Islands. Without doubt it offers an unrivalled variety of scenery and climate. The island rises from the Caribbean Sea to an elevation of 7,388 feet—Blue Mountain Peak. It is heavily wooded and possesses an abundance of springs and rivers which add to its climatic and scenic charm. Scattered about the island are many delightful villages and towns hauntingly reminiscent of the English countryside. Aside from its scenic beauty, Jamaica provides unsurpassed tourist attractions. The island, whose coves and bays once were the haunts of the daring buccaneers and adventurers of the seventeenth century, probably possesses more romantic appeal than any similar spot in the Western Hemisphere. You may enjoy horseback jaunts over mountain trails, golf, motoring—1,000 miles of perfect motor roads, bathing, both fresh and salt water, fishing and boating; sightseeing in historic surroundings. Jamaica, the "Isle of Many Rivers." "Xaymaca" was the name given to it by the Arawak Indians, who formerly called it home. At no portion of the island is it more than 25 miles to the sea. As you round the head of the Palisadoes you may see where the vanished city of Port Royal was before it was destroyed by earthquake on June 7, 1692. The island has 860,000 inhabitants, only 15,000 are white. Of the blacks 660,000 are native African descent, while 160,000 have an admixture of white blood. Since the beginning of East Indian immigration in 1845 more than 36,000 contract laborers have come to Jamaica; also some 1,200 Chinese. Many return to their native land to enjoy the earnings of their hard labor. Today about 23,000 Asiatics thrive in the colony. The Mysore Cattle which are tick-resisting were first brought to Jamaica in 1840. Many are exported annually to Cuba. In the market you will find pepper-pods, cocoa, mango, bread fruit, pimentos, "jackass rope" as native tobacco is called, shark back bone canes, lace bark whips, dagger-work fans, coolie bangles and fern albums. Jamaica's "Blue Mountain" coffee is one of the best in the world and commands a high price. Oysters attach themselves to the roots of mangrove trees and are exposed to view at low tide, hence appear to grow on trees. In Jamaica there grows a tree called "Silk Cotton" or Ceiba Tree, which the natives will not cut or injure as they are believed to be inhabited by "duppies" or spirits. Jamaica has been shipping recently half a million bunches of bananas each week and has exported 17,- 500,000 bunches in the last year. A banana war is on, occasioned by competition for European fruit trade. Americans have become a great nation of banana eaters. Last year the United States imported more bananas than ever before in its history. There were 47 million bunches of them, or approximately six billion bananas, and to consume your share each of you should have eaten at least one banana each week. Jamaica is 2 days nearer the American market than any other banana producing country, raises fine large bunches which command high prices. During the year 1927 shipments of bananas from Jamaica to England again increased, as did oranges and grape fruits. It is reported that the fruits not only increased in quantity but in quality, and that Jamaica fruits are becoming popular with the public. While they may not be so attractive in appearance, they are generally procurable at more reasonable prices. Illustrating the growth of the Jamaica fruit industries, it is mentioned that leading importers have added about twenty steamers to their fleet since 1919 and three more steamers are to be added shortly to cope with the steadily increasing trade. The entrance of Brazil in the banana business has given a fresh source of competition to Jamaica, but the beautiful fruit from the British Colonies has held its own. The popularity of grape fruit is still increasing in the United Kingdom, where a few years ago, it was almost unknown. As many as 2,000,000 grape fruit Asphalt 180,950 tons Cocoanuts 5,041,036 nuts Copra . 13,858,996 lbs. Crude Petroleum 117,926,413 gal. Petrol Spirit 20,801,413 gal. Rum 71,233 gal. Sugar 65,680 tons Cocoa pods contain about 40 beans, arranged in rows. After the coca beans are removed from the pods they are put to ferment for a few days and are then sunned and cleaned. They are covered with a slimy substance called "muck" and this is removed by the dancing in them with the bare feet. The origin of asphalt has been a subject of much discussion in the past and recent developments in the region of the lake enable one at last to make a definite statement on the subject. Strata of clays and slate that extend from east to west in Southern Trinidad, carry asphaltic oil in liquid form. Many wells have been drilled in recent years and quantities of this maltha won. The asphalt lake fills a natural depression into which asphaltic petroleum from one of these strata found its way ages ago. There is evidence that the mass contained in the lake is in constant, but very slow, motion. A geologist might say that the origin of the deposit of asphalt is recent, but in saying that he might mean not more than a few thousand years had passed since its occurrence. The asphaltic petroleum comes from the depth, after which such parts of the substance as were light ana gaseous volatized, the heavy base remaining. were imported into Great Britain in one week during the year from various sources. South Africa also participates in this trade, although the bulk of the supply is obtained from the United States. The production of orange oil made from the skins of the fruit is of importance in Jamaica. Both bitter and sweet oranges are used, but sweet oranges are best. It takes 500 oranges to supply a pound of filtered oil. The Island of Trinidad lies about 700 miles north of the Equator and 2,000 miles from New York. It is less than one-fourth the size of New Jersey. Trinidad, which lies immediately north of the mouth of the Orinoco and includes Tobago administratively, was discovered by Columbus in 1498 and colonized by the Spaniards in the 16th Century. About the period of the Revolution a large number of French families settled in the island, where the French element is still preponderant. In 1797, Great Britain being at war with Spain, Trinidad was occupied by the British and annexed in 1802. The area of Trinidad is 1,862 square miles; Tobago, 114. Population, census 1921, 365,913. Estimated population 1C24, 381,753. Capital, Port of Spain, population, 63,954. The white population is chiefly composed of English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. The large majority of the inhabitants are natives of the West Indies, of African descent, the balance being made up of East Indians, estimated at 123,903, and a small number of Chinese; English is spoken, generally throughout the Colony. The world's consumption of cocoa, or chocolate, for 1926, is computed to have been over 482,000 tons. One of the principal exports of Trinidad is cocoa, as about 57,000,000 pounds is exported annually, valued at $7,279,590.00. In value it is the largest item of all exports from the island. Other exports and their value are: Value $2,259,835.00 Value 125,675.00 Value 831,315.00 Value 6,125,030.00 Value 3,062,225.00 Value 54,765.00 Value . 5,016,250.00 The Asphalt Lake at Trinidad is near La Brea, about 60 miles from Port of Spain. It lies 138 feet above sea level, and covers 114 acres. Since 1888 about 5,000,000 tons of asphalt have been taken from the lake. Almost two hundred million square yards of pavement have been laid in the United States of Trinidad Asphalt. The Pitch lake at La Brea was first leased as a whole in 1888 for 21 years. In accordance with the terms of the lease, it was renewed for a further period of 21 years from February 1st, 1909, to January 31st, 1930. On February 19th, 1925, a fresh demise of the pitch lake comprising 109 acres was made to the Trinidad Lake Asphalt, Ltd., for 21 years from February 1st, 1930. In Trinidad there is an Imperial British College engaged in the training of students in tropical agriculture, to be sent to all parts of the British Empire, but especially to those which lie within the tropics. Every year the dependence of the Empire on the tropics for food supplies and raw materials become more pronounced so this means has been taken to develop and increase production in tropical territories. Already they have sent out their trained students to the Sudan, the Gold Coast, Ceylon and Nyasaland. {Number Three] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE The United States Department of Commerce report, which is an encouraging statement of the healthy economic situation in this country, contains important statistical and interpretative material. In the section of the report prepared by Dr. Julius Klein, director of the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, there is an analysis of world markets in which the importance of Latin America as a field for development is clearly indicated. "The increasing proportion of manufactured goods in the trade has carried with it a decided shift in the geographic distribution of our exports," Dr. Klein remarks. "Europe, itself highly developed in manufactures, but a great importer of foodstuffs and raw materials, was formerly by far the largest buyer of United States goods. On the average from 1910 to 1914 almost exactly five-eighths of all American exports went to that continent. Although Europe itself has taken steadily increasing quantities of our manufactures, the expansion in this class of trade has naturally been far greater with the continents less developed industrially, and as a consequence the share of Europe in our exports has fallen to less than half. The greatest gain in the export trade has been in sales to South America, Asia, Oceania and Africa. To each of these continents our exports in 1927-28 were from three and one-half to four and one-half times as great in value as during the average pre-war year." Although there has been a large increase in exports to Asia, Oceania, and Africa, the bulk of the sales to those continents is far below that to Latin America, according to Dr. Klein's statistics. So Latin America appears to be the field for the attention of American exporters, who should not be content with a static or even gradually increasing foreign trade, but should seek markets where there is opportunity for abundant expansion. "No figures relating to any great trade region of the world are more eloquent than those pertaining to Latin America," says Mr. Ernest B. Filsinger in the Pan American Bulletin. "The imports and exports of the 20 Latin American Republics practically doubled in the 12 years between 1913 and 1925. Curiously enough there is only a slight disparity between the growth of imports and exports. Of extraordinary significance is the growth of imports from Latin America into this country. In 1901, scarcely 26 years ago, we took only 8 per cent of its exports. In 1926 this percentage had arisen to 35. Indeed, almost 69 per cent of the exports of the Republics lying nearest to us—that is Mexico, the West Indies and Central America—are now consigned to the United States. But even more extraordinary is the volume of exports from our country to the sister Republics. In the year which closed December 31 these reached the total of $900,000,000—to be exact, $872,800,000. Considering the marked decline in the prices of many items, which figured in our exports, it is amazing that these figures register a decline of only about 1 per cent over 1925. It is, therefore, entirely justifiable to speak of Latin America as a billion-dollar market. Equally interesting i«s the fact that as regards exports from Latin America the United States may also be known as another billion-dollar market. This figure has already been exceeded because the imports last year from the 20 Latin American countries reached a grand total of $1,045,- 000,000 as compared with $1,009,200,000 the year before. If the same rate of growth obtains during the next dozen years that has been shown during the past 12, the business of the vast region which we are discussing today, imports and exports by 1937 will reach the extraordinary total of eleven or twelve billion dollars. By that time, as regards our own participation in the trade of that region, we shall be purchasing annually over two billion dollars worth of products of all sorts and shipping to them practically an equal quantity of American manufactures." No other region on earth possesses a river system so extensive and so adequate to transportation and to industrial development as Brazil. The majestic Amazon River surpasses in volume all other rivers of the world. Its waters are yellow, but its tributaries are clear, exhibiting a variety of colors, some being black, others white and brown, chestnut, red, green or blue. So great is the volume of water discharged by the Amazon that it flows to a distance of 400 kilometers out into the ocean—about 250 miles. Vast plains of the Amazon are covered by forests and for part of the year so flooded by the tropical rains that much of it can only be traversed by boat. Travelers tell us, within a radius of 80 yards, forty kinds of trees may be found growing side by side, species belonging to different families with different shapes and hues of leaf and flower. The Amazon Plain, or Selvas, meaning woods, is the forest region of the Amazon valley, in which are trees of all kinds, interlaced with creepers and climbers of prolific growth, and enormous density. The Pampas are the grassy plains stretching nearly 1,000 miles from the Lower Parana to south of Buenos Aires. They are nearly treeless, but rich in grass and flowers. To the north of Chile and Peru, along the coast is the rainless desert of Atacama. The greatest tableland is found in Bolivia. Brazil has 30 thousand miles of navigable rivers, and uses them, as on over 17,000 miles of them is maintained a regular vessel service. Her greatest river and the world's greatest river, the Amazon, extends 3,270 miles into the interior from the sea coast. Ocean ships ascend 2,500 miles up the river from its mouth. It is 4 miles wide 1,000 miles from its mouth and is 1V% miles wide 2,000 miles from its mouth. The fall of the river is only 200 inches in its first thousand miles from the sea, and for this distance its average depth is 150 feet. One thousand miles from the sea the difference between low and high stage of the river is 60 feet. The tide of the ocean rises 18 feet at its mouth and is felt 400 miles up the river. The Amazon and its tributaries form the largest river system in the world. The navigable length from Para on the east to Huallaga (Peru) on the West is 3,000 miles, and there are hundreds of navigable side channels parallel with the main stream. The river spreads over a plain so wide in many places that the appearance is rather that of a sea than a river, making the name "Mediterranean of South America" not wholly fanciful. The Orinoco River, rising in the highlands between Venzuela and Brazil, flows west and north turning eastward to the Atlantic. Dense forests cover the banks of its lower course, and the water is navigable during certain seasons for 1,000 miles. The Amazon, Orinoco and La Plata Rivers together drain some 3,686,400 square miles. The River Plata estuary, forming one of the greatest trading harbors of the world, is formed by the confluence of the rivers Parana, Uruguay and Paraguay. "The River of Doubt" in Brazil which was explored by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, is now officially known in his honor as the "River Theodore." "In these days of modern travel one may journey from Liverpool across the Atlantic and a thousand miles up the great Amazon river—"The River of Mystery"— to the quaint, isolated, hospitable town of Manaos. The heart of the South American Continent is penetrated through the equatorial forests of Brazil. Curious natives in palm thatched dwellings of their jungle homes are passed at many points. Hours speed swiftly by in gliding on tropical rivers through forests of vivid coloring alive with bright plumed birds and gorgeous butterflies. Vistas of twilight equatorial forests, open cam- pos, little known mountains and fringed beaches of golden sands are seen before one reaches this inland city. Wonderful and mysterious is the whole Amazon. As your vessel winds her way along this great river through lanes of yellow flood, with immense equatorial forests sometimes within twenty or thirty yards on both sides, natives in their dug out canoes cease paddling to gaze at the vessels towering above their frail craft. Families of naked children stand on the platforms (raised above the floods on poles) which with palm thatched roofs serve as shelter from the tropical sun and rain. There is mystery in the Amazonian night. Scarcely has the sun disappeared in golden glory behind the interminable walls of the forest, before all around is plunged into darkness. Troops of howling monkeys hold a conversation before retiring. Sometimes the moon rises and silhouettes the line of palms—ghostly in their loveliness—and often the indigo vault is ablaze with lightning, from horizon to zenith. These soundless electric storms, illuminating the dark jungles and streaks of silver river and igarape, although harmless, are awe-inspiring and seldom forgotten in the years that come after. During the daytime gorgeous butterflies flit about the decks and birds of brilliant plumage, disturbed from their afternoon siesta, cross the river, or fly along the forest-covered banks. At night, immense moths of delicate coloring are attracted from the shadowy banks by the tiers of lighted decks. Floating logs and tiny islets of green make admirable resting places for the vulturelike Urubus and other strange birds. In some places as one passes up the river it is comparatively narrow and both banks are visible without the intervention of islands. For many miles little is seen except the ever-changing and truly wonderful walls of the great Amazon forests. The river shines like molten gold in the bright rays of the noon day sun, although the stream is full of colored weed. This changes to silver when the large, mellow, tropical moon which seems to infuse an almost sunlike life in the Wcike of the ship. There is something comparatively fascinating in being in the heart of an equatorial jungle with the tall palms or giant trees almost blotting out sun light. Such an experience one can have following some of the waterways through the dense equatorial jungle of the Amazon and the traveler may become an explorer threading his way behind the native guide in the heart of the great forests. Trees almost covered by the nests of the Oriole, which builds its home upside down, giant ants nests and brilliant orchids may often be seen in the forest aisles. Occasionally one's little vessel emerges from the dull green light into the bright sun glare of a lake with its surface literally covered with the broad leaf of the Victoria Regia—the glory of Amazonian flora. No more unique or beautiful sight could well be imagined. Here in the depth of the great jungles are watery fields of these giant lilies, whose saucer like leaves are often capable of supporting the weight of a child. The Victoria Regia grows in its natural state in the Amazon region and the fields are among the largest and most beautiful yet discovered. When one returns from a cruise up the Amazon River, he will feel that he has been in fairyland, so many and most unusual have been the sights, sounds and sensations. The Amazon is a river of mystery and provides food for thought and romance long after trips to other lands have faded from memory." The world's production of rubber in 1926 was 625,000 long tons. The world's consumption was 542,000 tons, of which the United States of America consumed 366,- 000 tons, 70% of which was used in the manufacture of automobile tires. Prior to the development of rubber cultivation in the East, Brazil was the chief source of supply, and the best rubber to be found on the world's market, "the fine hard Para," comes from Brazil. It is hard India-rubber, and is a great natural product of the country in the principal rubber growing district in the Acre territory and the States of Ama- zonas and Para. The depression of recent years has handicapped the production in Brazil, the export falling to 23,527 tons in 1925; 23,253 in 1926, and 26,186 in 1927. While Brazil in 1926 produced 52,000,000 pounds of rubber, the Federated Malay States, where 1,231,257 acres were under rubber cultivation, produced 818,000,- 000 pounds, and the Dutch East Indies, produced 270,- 000,000 pounds. The rubber industry of Brazil began 100 years ago, and in 1827 the Province of Para exported 34^ tons. Greater demand soon resulted in the discovery of the vulcanizing process, and in 1853, the export of rubber from this district had risen to 2,607 tons. Another section of the Amazon basin began to produce for export as a result of the increased demand, and in 1908 the entire Amazonian Brazil States and contiguous countries swelled the total export of that year to 40,164 tons. Manaos, in this period was known as the "Paris of the West," and in its lavishly adorned Opera House, the world's greatest actors and singers were richly paid for coming to the new city of Amazonia. Her people lived like princes and entertained like kings. Then, the bubble burst, and Amazonia once at the height of prosperity, because of rubber, has steadily and pitably slumped from her pinnacle of wealth, because of rubber, for it is the index of the economic wealth of Amazonia, and will doubtless continue to engage her economic progress, or lack of it, for years in the future. {Number Four] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE All Amazonia, which includes not only the greater part of Brazil, but portions of Venzuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, is, to speak frankly, economically flat, waiting for help from without, for domestic capital is not capable of reviving the now dormant, but once flourishing chief industry—production of rubber. In 1912 Brazil, desirous of bringing back her lost trade position with respect to her most valuable natural resource, the Federal Government promulgated a decree called "Defesa Borracha"—Defense of Rubber. This decree provides exemption from import duties on tools and materials to be used in the rubber industry; offers premiums for planting rubber trees, establishing factories for refining rubber and manufacture of rubber goods; exempts vessels in river navigation in the rubber producing region from customs and other duties. To Mr. A. M. Smith of the "Detroit News," who accompanied a party from the Ford Motor Company to Brazil, we are indebted for information as to the entrance of the Ford Company into the rubber producing market of the world. From his recent articles, we quote the following: "The Ford Motor Company has secured a concession of 4,000,000 acres close to the Tapajos River with a 12-mile frontage on the river. The frontage has been purchased from the small owners who for many years have lived in their scattered huts on the river banks, finding their chief income from the wild rubber trees nearby. In the center of this 12-mile stretch on the East bank of the river where the stream is not less than five miles in width, the Ford plantation water front rises to an elevation of 50 feet within 100 yards of the water's edge, and continues on a sharp upgrade, the ground varying from 100 to 200 feet elevation within one mile of the river. On this sloping area, originally densely covered by tall trees and jungle growth, about 60 acres of the trees have been felled, and here will be built the warehouse, saw mill, power plant, company stores, quarters for unmarried labor and ample room has been provided for future expansion, also public parks, a library, theatre, schools and churches. The Ford settlement has been named "Boa Vista." There are 1,600,000 natives in the rubber bearing district of the Amazon, who are more or less dependent upon the rubber crop for existence. They hail, with delight, the coming of the Ford interests to develop and renew the rubber production of the country, and revive the industry and prosperous days of old. This will not be accomplished without facing and overcoming certain conditions and handicaps, especially hook worm and malaria, the two diseases which take heavy toll of the vitality of the people of Amazonia. Happily, however, both of these are preventable diseases. Hook worm is said to be a disease of poverty, caused by no shoes and no sanitation about the home, poorly selected diet and insufficient food. The simple, but effective preventive is good food, shoes and sewers. A simple and easily administered medical treatment quickly cures one suffering from the disease. The location of the Ford plantation base is one of the most healthful regions in the Amazon Basin, because of higher ground and good natural drainage. A liberal supply of quinine will rout the malaria which is usually contracted in other section. The native laborers, who are called "coboclos" gather latex, the milky fluid of rubber which flows from the tapped bark of the tree, coagulating it by adding a small dipping gradually to a turning stick or paddle, held in dense smoke. These parcels, or balls of crude rubber reach the market for conversion into the commercial product. The most of the rubber is obtained from wild trees. They will average on the Ford plantation four to the acre, making a total of approximately 16,000,000 trees. As it is about 80 miles across the concession in either direction, it will be some time before transportation facilities can open up the remote inland area, though here is the choice soil and climate for the growing of rubber. The generally known figures of from 400 to 600 maximum yield of rubber per acre per year of the plantations in the Orient make it difficult for one to realize that on the Tapajos, the native habitat of the Heva Brasiliens, it will easily yield two or three times this amount. There are some trees in the district known to have been tapped regularly for 60 years without decrease in yield, and some trees more than 300 years of age are known to exist in the region. The Ford Motor Company is paying at present three milreis or 37c per day, and providing housing, board and medical care to employees at common labor. They will be paying more than double the wages paid by plantations in the East, but it is claimed that the class of labor in the Amazonia is a better type than the workmen on the Oriental plantations. Another fact will contribute to the success of the Ford venture, and that is the relative distance from the market. It is 12,800 miles from the Oriental plantations to the port of New York, while it is only 3,600 miles from the Ford plantation at Boa Vista to New York. The soil of the Ford plantation is very fertile and can produce, says Mr. Smith, "such growtn of forests, trees, frequently of 10 to 15 feet girth and reaching to a height of 100 feet. Everything was lush, full leaved, richly green. Nothing in the entire jungle seemed to be stunted, except only as huge vines twist about trees of smaller growth and gradually and literally choke them to deformity. The air was close with tropical moisture and the odor of green things, though above the canopy of tree tops there was a clear sky. Clear skies, plenty of sunshine, eight feet of rain a year, temperatures never varying beyond the limits of 64 and 86—but for all that, there must be an amazing strength of soil which can maintain such growth year after year, and through every month of the year, and for years mounting into centuries as some of these great trees attest. The soil of the Ford plantation on the Tapajos is almost uniformly a rich alluvial deposit silt, clay and sandy loams, nowhere very compact, accumulated, doubtless, through the centuries of flow of the Amazon and its tributaries from the highlands of the interior and the west. I am told that most of the soil in the great Amazon basin is of this character. It is rich in iron and limestone. In the forests many of the trees, like the Hevea Braisilliensis (Para rubber tree) are deciduous, though many others, and undergrowth of vines and shrubbery, are perennials. A heavy leaf mold is added to the red soil." It is not assumed, nor is it contemplated by the Ford interests, that the concessions will all be planted in rubber trees. A plantation of that size in this locality where the trees bear so readily would produce about ten times the amount of rubber at present consumed by the entire world. Aside for the Hevea Braisilliensis trees, Castanha trees, (the Brazil nut tree) abounds, growing to great size, and at a distance resembling the white oak. During the season of recent low prices on rubber, the natives have abandoned tapping the rubber trees, and have been engaged in gathering Brazil nuts, which has proven very profitable on account of the immense demand for them from all English speaking people. Also there is indigenous to this region not less than twelve species of trees which produce oil bearing seeds, the oil either edible or commercially valuable in the arts. One of these trees, the ucuuba, will yield an oil from which a tallow or wax is manufactured, valuable in the manufacture of candles, soap, etc. One acre of ucuubas will yield 3,200 pounds of wax per year. And all of these oil yielding trees are heavy producers. Likewise, there are not less than 14 classified palms of the region which also produce oilbearing seeds, the oil edible and in demand in the commercial arts. The pulp of the caiahue palm produces an excellent oil for cooking, illumination, mixture with paints, and for manufacture of soaps and stearin, while the nuts of this palm produce a valuable fat for cooking purposes. Another palm, the Babassu, is a prolific yielder of edible oil, the oily kernel of the seed forming 6 to 9 per cent of the weight of the nut. The State of Maran- hao shipped 22,000 tons of this product in 1922. Mar- anhao borders the State of Para on the east, but babassu palms thrive in any part of Amazonia, as do also all of the 14 classified varieties of palms, which are heavy producers of valuable commercial oils. No soil and climate in the world will yield more quickly or more generously to the touch of capital and organized cultivation. Fruit, of any of the tropical varieties, grows in profusion, if given a minimum of care to provide space, and sun. At Boa Vista there are orange and lemon trees, avocados and mango trees of great height and spread, laden with fruit. Mamao (the Hawaiian papia) and bananas grow anywhere in Amazonia. The area in square miles of the three countries of South America we shall visit are as follows: Brazil, 3,275,510; Argentine, 1,080,900, and Uruguay, 72,210. Brazil covers an area of 3,275,510 square miles and ranks as the fourth largest country in the world, only after China, the United States and Canada. It is larger than the United States, not including Alaska, and slightly larger than the greater part of Europe lying east of France. It measures 2,691 miles from north to south and has a sea coast on the Atlantic of 4,060 miles. The coast line of South America is short relatively to the area of the continent—averaging 1 mile to every 435 square miles of surface, as compared with the 1 mile of coast to each 190 square miles of Europe. This shortage is compensated for by the great navigable length of the rivers, about 25,000 miles. Gulfs, bays, capes and islands are few. The estuaries of the Amazon and La Plata form the only bays or gulfs of real importance in the continent and the only strait of note is that of Magellan. The people of South America like to be called "Americans," and they resent the citizens of the United States monopolizing the term "American." They claim to be American citizens as well as those of the Northern Hemisphere. In the windows on display in South American cities, fruit and other produce will be seen with signs reading, "Product of Nord America." In agricultural development the South American lands are destined to lead the world. Even today Brazil and Argentine rank high as producers of such commodities as sugar, coffee, rubber and grains of all kinds. Argentine alone exports over three million tons of wheat annually in addition to large amounts of corn and other cereals. In both Argentine and Brazil the timber resources are enormous, and the forests abound in hard woods and dye woods of many species. In the Argentine district of Chaco, there are over 60,000 miles of forest having a value of ten billion dollars. Fruit growing is also increasing in importance in these countries. On the plains of Argentine there are over 35 million head of cattle, and the meat packing industry is conducted on a vast scale. Argentine also ranks next to Australia as a sheep country. Millions of sheep graze on the Argentine ranges, and exports of mutton and wool make up a big item in the nation's commerce. The neighboring republic of Uruguay is also famous as a stock raising country, and in many parts of Brazil this industry is making rapid headway. The mineral resources of Brazil, Argentine and Bolivia offer many attractions for capital. In these countries the deposits of gold, silver, copper, antimony, iron, lead and asbestos have scarcely been scratched. In recent years, oil has been found in several districts and is likely to form another important addition to South American wealth. The Brazilian diamond fields are also undergoing renewed development, and some of the world's finest gems have come from that region. South America has been termed the continent of plains, and the stretch of country between the estuaries of the Orinoco and the La Plata is one vast plain, dividing itself into three parts. That of the Orinoco is known as the Llanos, and is twice as large as the British Isles. During the dry season it resembles a desert, but in the wet season is covered with beautiful grass and vegetation. {Number Six] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE The United States buys today half of Brazil's exportable production, and sells to Brazil half of all that Brazil buys abroad. The British investment in Brazil was calculated recently by the United States Trade Commissioner, H. C. Long, at Rio de Janeiro, as £284,265,268 or $1,380,276,- 000. Of the total British investments over £121,000,000 or $587,000,000 consists of industrial enterprises. The greater part of the British capital coming into Brazil in recent years has been invested in coffee, textile industries and cotton plantations. An industry which should be very attractive to American capital in Brazil is the electrical. Brazil is one of the richest countries in hydro-electric power. Its waterfalls were estimated to yield over 50,000,000 H. P. without the use of dams, which is double the American hydro-electric reserve. The development of Brazil is being retarded by lack of railroad facilities, and the British Financial Mission to Brazil, in their report, regard the extension and improvement of railways as a matter of urgency. The railways are theoretically vested in the State and are either directly operated as Federal or State Railways, or worked on concession or lease with or without guarantee of interest. The so-called British railways comprise these different forms of tenure and some of the companies have acquired a number of lines originally constructed on independent concessions. The BRITISH CAPITAL invested in Brazil according to "Wileman's Brazilian Review," includes £270,- 000,000 as follows: Industrial, Commercial and Loan Capital. .£254,113,766 Five British Banks 2,970,000 Fourteen Insurance Companies, 10,000 contos, at 15d exchange, equivalent to... 667,000 To this should be added the capital of private companies, not quoted on the London Stock Exchange, and capital employed in Brazilian enterprises, estimated at not less than £10,000,000. The United States and England take practically the entire Brazilian production of Brazil nuts. The trees grow without cultivation, attaining such height as 150 feet and a wide girth. Brazil has one and one-quarter million cocoa nut trees producing 50,000,000 nuts a year. The "BRAZIL FERRO CARRILL" for June 2, 1927, states that the firm of Bernard Baudier and Sons has obtained a thirty year concession to operate the Black Diamond Mine of the Piranha District of Bahia. These mines are valued at $50,000,000. Herva Matte, or Paraguayan tea, is grown in Brazil, the export in 1925 amounting to 86,540 tons. AMERICAN CAPITAL INVESTED IN SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES In 1928. In 1912. Argentine $484,000,000.00 $45,000,000.00 Bolivia 110,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 Brazil 417,000,000.00 50,000,000.00 Chile 520,000,000.00 15,000,000.00 Colombia 211,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 Ecuador 30,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 Guianas 9,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 Paraguay 15,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 Peru 150,000,000.00 35,000,000.00 Uruguay 67,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 Venezuela 172,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 £257,750,766 $2,185,000,000.00 $177,000,000.00 LEADING EXPORTS FROM BRAZIL -1926 Articles Tons Coffee 13,751,000 Cacao 63,310 Hides 40,554 Yerba mate 92,657 Rubber 23,253 Tobacco 27,898 Oil producing seeds 87,451 Skins 3,759 Cotton, raw 16,687 Frozen and chilled meat 6,994 Carnauba wax ' 5,768 Wool 7,206 Sugar 17,169 Timber and lumber 107,292 Manganese 319,825 Value Tons Value $335,329,952 15,115,000 $304,555,397 14,804,170 75,543 22,161,286 11,890,872 59,117 15,484,923 16,314,812 90,092 12,997,635 16,408,655 26,186 12,548,303 9,390,944 31,885 8,352,370 9,041,708 81,613 8,224,665 4,712,326 5,065 5,857,750 5,897,728 11,917 4,958,732 1,325,953 32,604 4,777,935 3,350,378 7,033 3,743,289 6,050,421 5,014 3,451,578 1,236,394 48,461 3,084,781 3,047,136 119,611 2,863,426 3,614,340 241,823 2,509,755 The Brazilian nation was built on romance, culture and adventure, supplemented by the efforts of hardy pioneers seeking freedom and looking far into the glorious future, which is today dawning upon this beautiful and wonderful country. The forest area of Brazil is computed at 1,000,000 acres, and in the forests a large variety of wood, ranging from the hardest to the lightest kind is found. Rosewood ranks as the most valuable form of timber. Difficulty of transportation impedes the development of this, a large sources of wealth. The annual export in 1925 was 130,458 tons. Cocoa is produced upon a scale which makes Brazil the second largest grower in the world. The moist climate and light rich soil being best adapted for the cultivation. 64,544 tons were exported in 1925. The coal that is taken on the ships at Rio is not native coal, but comes from Wales and costs about $12.00 per ton at Rio. Portuguese as spoken in Brazil differs greatly from that of Portugal. A Portuguese writer once said that the Brazilians "spoke Portuguese with sugar," an apt description of that almost feminine suavity of the Brazilian language. The hard sounds of the mother tongue are softened on this side of the Atlantic. The Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Brazil as amended September 3, 1926, provides as follows: All persons shall be equal before the law. The Republic does not recognize either privilege of birth or title of nobility, and abolishes all existing honorific orders, their prerogatives and decorations, and all titles of nobility and of council members. All individuals and corporations of a religious character shall have the right to exercise, publicly and freely, their respective religious cults, to associate themselves for that purpose and to acquire property within the limitations of the common law. Civil marriage only shall be recognized within the Republic, and its solemnizations shall be gratuitous. The death penalty for political crimes is hereby abolished, save in those cases which come under the provisions of military legislation in time of war. No Brazilian citizen shall be deprived of his civil or political rights, or exempted from the performance of any civic duty whatsoever, on account of his religious belief or office. All those who allege religious beliefs as a reason for exempting themselves from any duty imposed by the laws of the Republic upon its citizens and those who accept foreign decorations or titles of nobility shall forfeit all their political rights. Negroes are very numerous in Brazil, and this is one place where the color line is not drawn, nor does color- prejudice exist. The Superintendent of the Insane Asylum at Rio de Janeiro, which has 1,400 patients, is a negro, a man of high intelligence, culture, and ability, and is generally considered one of Brazil's representative men. Brazil was discovered by the Portuguese navigator, Cabral, in 1510, who called it Terra de Santa Cruz, "The Land of the Holy Cross," a name afterwards changed to Brazil in honor of the famous dye wood found in its forests and signifying purple. Portugal settled it and developed it through two centuries until a hundred years ago, it became independent. Today its traditions and institutions are those of the mother country, as is also its language. Physically it justifies the statement of Amerigo Vespucci, "If Paradise exists on earth, it must be somewhere along the shores of Brazil." While Brazil is justly proud of her culture, her citizenship and her educational institutions, there is much illiteracy as Federal statistics indicate 79 per cent of her people cannot read or write. While education is free, certain districts have such restrictions that make it difficult. Portuguese is a language especially rich in expression, said to be the nearest to the classic Latin of any living dialect. As a people, the Brazilians are fond of elaborate and flowery expression, and in this land of superlatives, they find great opportunity for natural outlet, especially in the description of their charming country. While there is no state religion, and all religions may be practiced, privately or publicly, the Roman Catholics predominate, as all Brazilians, excepting possibly one hundred thousand are Catholics. MOUNTED BUTTERFLIES: There is scientific authority for calculating the variety of Brazilian butterflies at over 30,000 species. Some 3-4,000 lepidoptera are found in the Federal district alone. The capture and preserving of butterflies, chiefly of the "morpho" and "blue silk" varieties for use in jewelry and ornaments makes an auxiliary source of income to settlers in Southern Brazil. Colored beetles and other insects are valued as decorative objects, and the mounting and sale in response to fashion is a thriving small industry. Pineapples are especially abundant in the Pernam- buco district. Bread fruit flourishes in the coastal region. Guavas, from which jelly is manufactured, grows in profusion in the tropical parts, and near Rio de Janeiro. The lemons are small and thick skinned. Navel oranges grow in Bahia, and tangerines of a large size are common. Bananas flourish from north to south, and there are plantations as far south as Santos. Stone and soft fruits of the kind familiar in England, yield good crops of good flavor in the temperate regions. Melons grow freely in all parts. Grape vines suffer from fungi, but fine grapes, both for table use and wine making, have been produced in the south for many years. The South American-African cruise presents a wonderful opportunity for the souvenir gatherer. While Africa presents the largest opportunities for the accumulation of new, novel and queer souvenirs, a list of which will be given later among the African notes, still many beautiful souvenirs can be bought in South America. At Rio de Janeiro the ladies can indulge in embroidered dresses to their heart's content, but they are all imported from Paris or London, and they can be bought cheaper in London, Paris or New York. In Rio there are also beautiful gems to be found, more or less precious, diamonds, sapphires, colorless tourmalines, opals, cat's eyes, false topaz and other gems in large profusion. Yellow Brazilian diamonds, emeralds and aquamarines will be found in large quantities. Feather flowers will attract many buyers. Beautiful mounted butterflies, especially the "blue silk" variety, will be found in a large assortment in ornaments and jewelry and colored beetles and other insects are shown as decorative objects. At Buenos Aires large department stores similar to those in the large cities of the world offer assortments of choice merchandise for sale. There are also very fine Japanese and Chinese stores which specialize in good's from their countries. An extensive list of African souvenirs will be furnished before reaching that continent. [Number Five'} Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise S. S. Duchess of Atholl 1929 Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Owing to the large number of deaths caused by snake bites many of which could have been avoided by proper treatment with the use of serums, the Government of Costa Rica issued a law on May 25, 1926, concerning this subject. It requires: Prohibition of sale of unauthorized drugs and charms for snake bites; possession by owners of agricultural or mining enterprises located outside the central plateau and which employ more than 10 day laborers at one time, of sufficient serum and means of using it; publication of names of such estates for the benefit of the public; provision of hospitals with serum, free supply of serum in villages and other places; free passage on train to persons bitten to places where they may be treated (the last three provisions to be covered by Government expense) ; publication of articles concerning the treatment of snake bites; and the obligation of the employer whose negligence to provide serum results in death from snake bite of a laborer to pay for a year afterward the salary of said person to his relatives. There are two seasons in Brazil, the dry and wet, which vary in the different States, but as a rule the wet season begins in October and lasts for six weeks. In the vicinity of Pernambuco it rains from April to June. In Rio de Janeiro the so-called summer or dry season begins in May and lasts until November, while the winter or rainy season extends over the balance of the year. The months of heaviest rains being November and April. The average rainfall is given as about 44 inches. The mean annual temperature is 75° F., the maximum 80° F., and the minimum 70° F. February being the hottest and July the coldest month. In the interior the rainfall is somewhat late, seldom earlier than December. The rainy season continues from January to May and the dry from May to December. In the vicinity of Para and on the Upper Amazon there is absolutely no regularity. It rains all the time. South America remains sparsely populated and when a comparison was made in 1905 the population (then 38,500,000) represented about 11 persons to the square mile, as against 104 persons to the square mile in Europe. Large tracts of country carry probably no more inhabitants than they did 400 years ago, and the chief increase that has taken place occurs in certain well-defined regions, as in Argentine and the River Plata area and around the larger cities of Brazil. The population of the principal South American countries is as follows: Argentine 10,348,189 Ecuador 1,562,509 Bolivia 3,464,945 Brazil 39,870,000 British Guiana. 306,844 Chile 4,004,014 Colombia 6,617,833 Falkland Islands 2,271 French Guiana. 47,340 Paraguay 828,969 Peru 5,550,000 Uruguay 1,720,468 Dutch Guiana.. 142,896 Venezuela 3,026,878 The total of 77,493,156 evidences the fact that smce 1905 the population of South America has doubled. As in North America, the automobile or motor ve hicle in general is exerting a wonderful influence, and the more wide-awake Brazilians and Paulistas have begun to realize, as the North American did a few years ago, the great value of good roads and road transport. As a result of this, increase in public clubs and road associations of a similar type to those existing in the United States are springing up all over the country. In Brazil immigration has been given decisive support on the part of the Government since the law of April, 1835, was sanctioned. In that year appropriations were made for the introduction of colonies into the State of Santos. In 1852, 90 pounds of sterling were paid to those who sent immigrants from Europe. In 1854, a board was appointed to aid, promote and direct immigration, and many business men were authorized to obtain loans for the payment of transportation of European colonists to Santos. The foreign residents in Brazil are as follows, and over half of them are in Sao Paulo State: Germans 52,870 Austrians 26,354 Belgians 1,937 French 11,894 Spanish 219,142 British 9,637 Italians 558,405 Portuguese 433,577 Other Europeans.. 77,698 Argentines 22,117 Immigration to Brazil for the years 1921-1925 was as follows: 1921, 60,784; 1922, 66,967; 1923, 86,679; 1924, 98,125 and 1925, 84,883. In 1925, the following nationalities predominated: Portuguese, 21,508; Spanish, 10,062; Italians, 9,846; Germans, 7,185; Jugo Slavs, 6,286, and Japanese, 6,330. The German government in 1927 estimated that there are over a million German settlers in Brazil at this time. The "Brazil Ferro Carril" for August 26, 1926, publishes a report from Tokyo that this year about 5,000 Japanese immigrants will leave their native country for Brazil. The same report states that the steamship service at present is inadequate for Japanese emigration to Brazil. The Commercial Association of Rio de Janeiro received in December a notification from Kobe, Japan, that a Japanese-Brazilian Association has been formed there to increase trade relations between the two countries. The association has over 3,000 members among leading business men, financiers and other prominent citizens, including the former Japanese minister to Brazil, Fouma Horiguchi, and the Brazilian consul in Kobe. The Immigration Service of Brazil during 1926 inspected 948 vessels from foreign ports, of which 799 brought to the port of Rio de Janeiro, 67,171 immigrants (intermediate, second and third class passen- Chileans 445 North Americans (U. S. A.).... . 3,429 Paraguayans . 17,329 Uruguayans . 33,621 Other Americans. . 13,200 Japanese . 27,976 Asiatic Turks . 50,251 All other races. . . . 6,069 Total 1,565,951 gers), including 1,169 Brazilians. The greatest number of immigrants came from the following countries: Germany, 4,021; Spain, 3,156; Italy, 3,752; Lithuania, 1,101; Poland, 2,056; Portugal, 22,334; Rumania, 9,379, and Turkey, 3,123. During this same period the immigration service sent to the interior of the country by rail and boat 34,426 immigrants and laborers, national and foreign, with their baggage. Brazil has been colonized chiefly from Southern Europe. Of some SV2 million immigrants received in the first century of the Independence of the country, approximately one million arrived from Portugal, one million from Italy, and half a million from Spain, with about 100,000 each from Germany and Russia and a rather small number from Austria, and some 35,000 from Japan. Immigration has accelerated largely within recent years, and in the period 1908-24 reached a total of 1,399,455. The arrivals within that time from Portugal (524,305) exceeded the combined total from Spain and Italy, and there were 81,741 from Germany. The highest annual total was 192,683 (1913) ; a total of 84,883 was recorded in 1925, while 111,351 arrived in the first 9 months of 1926. The Federal Government encourages especially the immigration of agricultural workers with families. Privileges are offered in passages, accommodation after landing, and in land purchases. The State of Sao Paulo has an official Employment Agency formed to promote agriculture by engaging foreign labor. The State of Rio de Janeiro offers privileges to suitable settlers. The International Labour Bureau (Geneva) interests itself actively in settling Russian refugees and others in Brazil. In the new regulations regarding immigration and colonization in Brazil, provision is made for granting free parcels of land to qualified immigrants if they marry, before they have completed a two-year residence in the country, a Brazilian or a foreign woman who has been in the country as an immigrant less than two years. The amount of land assigned to each settler is 25 hectares (61.75 acres). There are farms with houses and without houses, these being sold for the cost of improvements. The Immigration Service provides temporary quarters for settlers wishing to erect a dwelling themselves. It also provides for free transportation from the port of disembarkation to place of destination, as well as for free seeds and tools, such as hoes, spades, picks, axes and scythes. If circumstances require, immigrants are given, during the first six months from the date of their arrival at the colony, means for the maintenance of their families, and medical attention and medicines for one year. Those brought by the Government are given third-class passage from the port of embarkation to any Brazilian port properly equipped with a department for their reception and housing, or the Government credits on the nominal value of the land given and of the seeds, agricultural implements, and tools furnished, the cost of the fare paid by immigrants coming on their own initiative. The country also provides immigrants at the above mentioned ports with free lodging and food for such period as may elapse before they are settled at the point to which they may choose to go; and their baggage, including tools, necessary to agriculture or for the trade to which they belong, is admitted duty free. As a reward to the well-behaved and zealous immigrant who has resided not under three and not over six years in Brazil, and who owns definite title to real property, the country gives a round-trip ticket to enable him to visit the land of his birth. Rio de Janiero and Santos are the principal ports of entry for immigrants. Schemes have been mooted for populating Amazonia with Orientals. Japanese immigrants are welcomed and arrive in large parties. The conditions of immigrant life in Southern Brazil have been found much more adapted to the peoples of Southern Europe than to those of English upbringing. Three classes of immigrants are especially required: (1) Colonists, with families, to take up small holdings; (2) agricultural labourers under contract of engagement; (3) trained men and industrial workers. The most suitable immigrants are persons of constitution strong enough for active labour under tropical conditions. Two Japanese capitalists, one in Tokio, and one in Brazil, have received a concession from the Brazilian Government for an extensive area of land, the concession to run for two years, during which time a contract for fifty years is to be signed granting the companies to be organized freedom of operation. A certain amount of capital is stipulated. Each ship from Japan arriving at Santos brings four to five hundred Japs to work on the coffee plantations. The most important manufacturing industry in Brazil is cotton weaving. In 1926 there were 329 cotton factories employing 124,619 workmen with 2,528,611 spindles. The manufacture of silk is also being encouraged and the Federal Government grants premiums to silk cocoon producers. There are 13 silk mills, 35 woolen mills, 16 jute mills and 23 paper mills in Brazil. BRAZILIAN IMPORTS BY COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN Countries 1926 1927 United States $113,384,802 $111,040,795 United Kingdom ........ 73,148,407 82,133,854 Argentina 38,059,134 46,061,960 Germany 48,851,306 41,151,472 France 24,686,044 24,481,494 Belgium 16,625,910 15,850,538 Italy 14,354,949 13,385,242 Portugal 8,095,986 7,226,677 Netherlands 4,659,620 6,781,838 Mexico 4,636,194 4,938,276 Switzerland 3,952,722 4,513,658 Uruguay 3,277,961 3,616,175 Spain 4,613,913 3,484,333 Norway 2,9C9,000 2,682,629 Canada .. . 7,120,982 492,019 Other countries 17,985,474 19,194,986 Total ................. $386,452,404 $387,035,946 BRAZILIAN EXPORTS BY COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION Countries 1926 1927 United States .$218,024,567 $199,102,873 Germany 38,061,134 44,772,259 France 39,754,035 41,432,541 Argentina 28,889,015 25,941,941 Netherlands 28,104,270 24,386,898 Italy 24,565,490 19,737,377 United Kingdom 15,925,296 14,658,863 Belgium 10,799,171 12,007,686 Uruguay 13,130,981 11,843,444 Sweden 11,862,305 9,302,235 Denmark 5,195,972 3,835,284 Spain 1,084,703 3,375,902 Portugal 1,930,868 1,765,401 Other countries 18,401,277 18,736,905 Total $455,729,084 $430,899,609 {Number Seven] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Rio de Janeiro, the Capital City of the United States of Brazil has a population of lx/2 million, and is the second largest city of the South American continent. Its full name i-s San Sebastian de Rio de Janeiro, but we welcome and adopt the custom in such universal use, and call it "Rio." The city proper occupies about 60 square miles and is located in the Federal District which corresponds to our District of Columbia at Washington, except that it is larger for it contains 430 square miles. In longitude it lies on a line half way across the Atlantic from New York to London. It is the largest city in the world where Portuguese is spoken, being three times as large as Lisbon itself. It is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world. It is not necessary to travel to the Amazon to see the wealth of vegetation growing there, as almost every species may be found in the botanical gardens of Rio, among the 6,000 varieties of plants, including the Victoria Regina water lilies, whose leaves measure from 10 to 21 feet in circumference. One hundred and twenty years ago, Rio was designed to become the Capital of the Portuguese Empire and the most beautiful spot along the Brazilian coast, was selected as its sight and city built accordingly. With a population of one and one-half million people, Rio requires an enormous organization to feed its population. In cold countries practically all kinds of food stuff can be kept for days without deteriorating, but in the tropics nothing keeps fresh for any length of time. All the perishable food like meat, fish, fruit, eggs and vegetables are supplied only for the daily need as none of these things keep. At least. 80 per cent of the cattle that are killed for consumption are steers as the Brazilian law prohibits the killings of cows in greater ratio than from 5 to 20% of the total amount killed in order to protect the cattle breeding industry of the country. Recently one of the public schools in "Rio" was christened the "United States School." Several schools are named after various nations, and it was stated at the christening that it was the desire to inculcate into the heart of the Brazilian children a love for the United States. Hanging on the walls of the rooms of the -school bearing their names were portraits of Washington, Lincoln and Horace Mann. The official organ of the Prefecture of Rio de Janeiro recently published a resolution of the Municipal Council providing for the construction of 3,000 houses of two types, one containing a living room and one bedroom, and the other a living room and two bedrooms, both with sanitary conveniences and garden to furnish suitable homes for persons of small means or wages. These houses are to rent at 1 per cent of the cost, the fund for which will come from a surtax on licenses for banks, insurance companies, distilleries and luxuries. The Botanical Gardens of Rio are world-famous and are open daily, 6:30 A.M. to 6:30 P.M. Transverse avenues of 100 feet, palm trees are the main features of the design. There are over 6,000 varieties of plants, a museum, herbarium, aquarium and library. There are Victoria Regina water lilies of 21 feet circumference. The National Library in Avenida Rio Branco, founded 1810, houses over 500,000 printed books and many rare MSS. from the royal archives of Portugal. The building is open 10 A.M. to 10 P.M. on week days and 11 A.M. to 3 P.M. on Sundays. Coffee, which has become important only in the last 300 years, was originally a native of Abyssinia. The annual consumption of coffee by the greatest coffee drinking nation of the world per head, is United States, 12 pounds; Great Britain, 2^ pounds; Union of South Africa, 9% pounds, and Holland, 19 pounds. The coffee picking takes place from May to,September. The blossom lasts only 4 days. Three or four crops are picked from the same plant during the year. The life of a coffee tree is about 20 years. The State of Sao Paulo which produced 103,000 bags of coffee in 1850 now averages 12 million bags yearly. From the BRAZILIAN AMERICAN of June 4th, 1927, we quote the following: "Two hundred years ago, according to Brazilian historians, the first coffee plant was brought to Brazil by a Brazilian soldier, Capt. Francisco de Mello Palheta, who brought it into Brazil from Cayenne, French Guiana. History further states that coffee was first brought to South America by a French navigator, who landed in French Guiana. He brought two coffee plants from the old world and guarded them carefully on the long voyage across the Atlantic." The coffee berries grow on trees from eight to ten feet high. They are cut back to this height because they grow better berries when trimmed, and also because it is easier for the pickers to gather the berries from a bush than from a tree. In the wild state coffee trees may.grow to be thirty feet tall. The pickers live on the plantations or farms. One family has full charge of a number of trees. The following figures on the growth of Brazilian coffee production, also taken from the BRAZILIAN AMERICAN, are of interest in this connection: Average Annual Production All Other Years Brazil Countries Bags Bags 1871-1880 3,785,000 3,925,000 1881-1890 5,628,000 4,324,000 1891-1900 7,327,000 4,425,000 1901-1910 13,730,000 3,817,000 1911-1920 13,529,000 4,518,000 1921-1925 13,227,000 6,410,000 The visible supply of coffee in the world on June 30, 1928, was 5,710,018 sacks, of which 2,841,000 were in Europe, 1 381,000 were in the United States of America, and 1,488,018 were in Brazil. The owners of a large coffee plantation in Brazil have experimented with the irrigation of coffee trees with excellent results, the irrigated trees being said to have yielded five times as much coffee as those not irrigated. The red soil (terra roxa) of the coffee plantations in Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santa States is in places two or three yards deep, and in this the plant grows luxuriantly. Seedlings are planted out from November to February, and yield their first crop in their fourth year. Picking chiefly takes place from May, to September. The Coffee Institute, a cooperative body controlling large funds, exists to regulate the market by advancing money to cultivators, checking speculation, and promoting propaganda in favor of coffee drinking. The exports of coffee have been: Average Price Per 60 Kilo Bag £4 11 0 £2 16 0 £3 10 0 £3 5 0 £5 0 11 £5 9 9 Year 1920 £52,800,000 1921 £34,700,000 1922 £44,200,000 1923 ...£47,078,000 1C24 £71,833,000 1925 £74,020,000 Mr. C. F. Blanke of St. Louis, Missouri, a tea and coffee importer, after studying the beverage consumption says that Americans drink 75,000 cups of coffee every second; 5,000,000 every hour and a total of more than 121,000,000,000 cups of coffee a year. Some ranch owners in the State of Sao Paulo are offering land to Austrian immigrants settling there within the next five years. It is stated by the Austrian Minister to Brazil that there are now between 40,000 and 50,000 in Brazil, of whom from 10,000 to 15,000 reside in the State of Sao Paulo. Brazil is maintaining a supremacy as to the number of coffee trees in the world, possessing as it does two- thirds of the grand total, one-third of which represents the trees in the Sao Paulo district. The total number of coffee bearing trees in the world is 3,366,896,774, and Brazil's share is 2,029,516,151 and in Sao Paulo there are 133,750,000 non-bearing and 1,047,233,000 full bearing trees. As to quantity of production Brazil maintains equally a foremost position, as in 1927-28, in which the world's total production of coffee was the greatest known, and amounted to 36,337,000 bags, Brazil contributed a total of 28,333,000 bags, or 77.97% of the world's production, while other countries produced only 22.03 % of the total. The export of coffee from Brazil in the five years, 1923 to 1927 amounted to 72,450,625 bags, an annual average of 14,490,125, of which total shipments, 48,- 397,671, passed through the port of Santos, making a yearly average of 9,679,534 bags, or 66.8 of the total export from Brazil. During the period the exportation of coffee from Santos reached the maximum in the year ending June 30, 1928, when Santos port was responsible for 63.58% of the total exported, or 9,990,693 bags. The State of Sao Paulo has about 3 million cultivated acres of coffee with 1 billion trees in bearing. It is estimated that only one-fourth of the total area of the state is tilled, while 37% of the balance is covered with forests. If all the land in this state suitable for coffee growing was used, it would produce more than the world's total consumption. The vast estate of Col. Francisco Schmidt, "The Coffee King of the World," is located in this state. Coming to Brazil as a poor immigrant boy 50 years ago, he has achieved signal success, and owns 8 million coffee trees, and has marketed as high as 23 million pounds of coffee in one year. 8,000 tenants live on his 32 coffee farms. Most of the coffee is grown upon the plateau about 1800 feet above sea level where the temperature averages 70 degrees. A family of 3 or 4 persons can care for 10,000 coffee trees. The workers, who are largely European immigrants, and mostly Italians, are paid an agreed price per 1,000 shrubs for cleaning, weeding and pruning the coffee plants. For gathering coffee berries, they earn a fixed price per alqueria (a bushel measure of some 50-55 litres). In addition, they work for daily wages for probably fifty days per year, and in their free time cultivate crops either upon plots set apart for the purpose, or between the lines of coffee plants upon the estate. Beans and maize are thus grown for food, and pigs, cows, goats or chickens are fattened. The Department of the Interior of the State of Sao Paulo has received from the Rockefeller Foundation 350 contos ($50,000) as the first installment of a donation for the purpose of constructing an institute of hygiene which is to cost 1,650 contos. The Rockefeller Foundation will also contribute 4,500 contos ($650,000) for the construction of a new $1,500,000 building for the Faculty of Medicine. As a condition of this donation the State Government has bound itself to construct hospitals in connection with the medical school. Dr. Alfranio de Amarel, Director of the Butantan Institute, has lowered the average yearly death rate from snake bites in Brazil and has not only relieved many of a horrible death, but removed a barrier to the opening up of Brazil's frontier. He also discovered that the mussurama is a great destroyer of poisonous snakes, and under his direction they have been bred in large numbers and distributed free in Brazil. He also discovered that the teguexin lizard was a great destroyer of snakes by striking them a heavy blow on the back with its tail. The Snake Institute at Butantan has seven hundred acres and there thousands of snakes are kept and from the Laboratory is sent out yearly 6,000 phials of serum for snake bites. Before the Institution began its work in 1902, from four to five thousand people died annually from snake bites in Brazil. Most of them were agricultural laboring men in the prime of life. In the State of Sao Paulo alone, snake bites were formerly responsible for three out of every thousand deaths, which has now been reduced to one per thousand. From 1C21 to 1925 the Institute received 48,542 serpents and distributed 29,332 tubes of serum. The Sao Paulo Railway is small, as far as mileage is concerned, but of great importance on account of the traffic carried, and its construction. The main line is only 139 kilometers long, is double tracked, of five foot three gauge, stone ballasted. Eleven kilometers divided into five sections, each with its separate cable and engine, raises the train 2,500 feet on inclines averaging eight per cent. On account of excessive rainfall, sometimes over 40 inches per month, extensive protection works occur along the lines. The railroad has carried as much as 900,000 tons of coffee, more than one-half of the total world's production down over this line from Sao Paulo to Santos in a single year. The Sao Paulo Railway carried 8,347,166 passengers in 1926, and 9,492,683 sacks of coffee (132 pounds), as well as 427,- 243 cattle. {Number Eight] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Uruguay is one of the smallest of the South American Republics, about the size of our State of Pennsylvania. It is a buffer state between Brazil and Argentine, to both of which countries it formerly belonged. While it is one of the smallest, it is one of the richest Republics in the world. There is not an acre of sterile ground in its confines, and on account of its climate the land is capable of cultivation throughout the year. Each Uruguayan is a patriot, a fervent believer in peace and friendship of all nations, and is ever faithful to the legend of his national insignia "With Liberty, I neither offend or fear." Montevideo, the capital of the Republic is a city of 400,000. It is called the "City of Roses" and rightly so, for in one of its parks may be seen in bloom thousands of varieties of roses. One-third of the entire population of the country lives in the city of Montevideo. It is located 120 miles from B. A. Education is free and attendance in the public schools is compulsory. The President of Uruguay has authorized the purchase of a large broadcasting station which will be installed by an Argentine Company. The station will be devoted entirely to cultural ends. The Minister of Public Construction of Uruguay has been authorized to formulate plans for a series of symphony concerts to be given by the National orchestra and in order that the concerts might be given at popular prices he is authorized to expend 8,000 pesos, if necessary. The City of Montevideo recently borrowed $5,000,000 in the United States at 6% to construct a boulevard along the southern water front known as the Rambla Sur. In Uruguay the following privileges are granted the immigrant: Free entry of all his personal property and housekeeping utensils, tools or other instruments used in his work; unloading of all his possessions and free employment agencies to find him occupation in the industry he wishes to engage in. Immigrants, who before hand have been given their transportation are granted the following privileges: Lodging and support during eight days after their arrival, free transportation for themselves and their personal property to point of destination, and medical attendance. The latter are also granted by the Executive to immigrants coming on their own initiative, whenever he deem it advisable. Steamers carrying immigrants to Uruguay enjoy more advantages and privileges than otherwise granted them under the respective laws. The climate of Uruguay is one of the best and healthiest in the world. Epidemic diseases are rare, and the Atlantic breezes temper the summer heat delightfully. The annual rainfall amounts to 43 inches, and the lowest temperature is 35 degrees. There are normally 225 sunny days in the year. The spring months are September to November, the summer, December to February, the autumn March to May, and the winter, June to August. Seals are caught in large numbers on the Uruguayan coast, Montevideo is the anchorage during the winter months of various whaling flotillas owned by British and Scandinavian firms operating in the South Atlantic. Up to 77,000 barrels of whale oil has been secured in a season. Droughts in Uruguay are possibly less severe than in Argentine, though there is probably little difference in this respect. Locusts come in swarms from the north, settle over the lands, strip trees of their leaves, gardens of their plants, orchards of their fruit; consume even the grass and the very weeds. Few species of trees and plants are untouched by the destroyers. They come at irregular periods, and after a time disappear for another period. In Uruguay, as in Argentine, the superintendents of estancias, are often paid large salaries and are very skilled, intelligent men, often British or American in origin. The peons are natives, and the superintendent's salary often equals the combined wages of the peons. It is customary in South America to furnish food to the laborers on estancias, who are often married men, living in small houses with their families. The food is chiefly mutton. An estanciero has furnished the following estimate of food required for a peon keeping a puesto, or pasture, living with his family, per month. Thirty-three pounds of Herva Matte, six to eight sheep, according to size of family; galletas (hard biscuits) about six per day or 35 pounds of farina; salt. The home consumption of meat is large, and a man with his family may consume 70 to 100 sheep in a year. The ordinary estancia has at least four peons and a manager, and the five families consume about 400 sheep in a year. ECONOMIC CAPACITY OF ARGENTINE COMPARED YEAR OF Activities Argentine Foreign Trade $1,590,000,000 Railways (kilometers) 37,800 Railway tonnage 48,000,000 Passengers 130,000,000 Telephones 157,041 Automobiles 125,000 Pieces of Mail 1,726,778,000 Telegrams 21,785,000 Gold, 1921 505,675,000 Newsprint (kilograms) 91,000,000 TO THE REST OF SOUTH AMER1 CA FOR TH 1924. Other Total of % OF Republics S. America Argentine $1,578,400,000 $3,169,000,000 50.10 50,585 88,385 43.00 32,000,000 80,477,000 60.00 101,917,000 231,917,000 57.00 191,806 348,847 45.00 89,026 214,026 58.40 1,146,375,000 2,873,153,000 60.00 14,429,188 36,214,188 61.00 189,324,000 694,999,000 72.80 72,800,000 162,800,000 55.60 The Argentine form of Government is modeled on that of the United States, or the "representative, republic, federal" system. Presidents hold office for six years, and cannot remain in power for two consecutive terms. The Vice-President of the Republic is President of the Senate. The general election takes place about March or April, and the President takes office on October 12th of the year of election. The Senators and Deputies in office when the President takes office retain their seats. Senators hold office for nine years and Deputies for four years. Salaries are paid to these representatives and the 30 Senators and 158 Deputies draw 1,500 paper dollars per month. The salaries of the higher posts are: President $8,000 per month, paper, with $2,400 entertainment expenses; Vice-President, $3,000 and $2,000 expenses; Ministers $2,400 and $900 expenses. The electoral law prescribes a fine of $10 for citizens who fail to cast their votes, but the compulsion is not exercised. The Argentine Bureau of Statistics recognize 58 crops, i.e., 6 cereal; 3 fodder; 15 "industrial" crops (cotton, sugar, tobacco, etc.) ; 15 fruits and 19 vegetables. Approximately three-quarters of Argentine is classified as suitable for agriculture, and less than 10 per cent is cultivated. The chief crop, alfalfa, occupies about 37 per cent of the cultivated area, wheat, 29 per cent; maize, 14 per cent; linseed, 8 per cent; oats, 4 per cent, and orchards, 3 per cent. The remainder is given over to other cereals, vegetables, vines, sugar-cane, cotton, etc. The amount of British capital invested in Argentine and quoted upon the London Stock Exchange exceeded £395,000,000 at the end of 1924, or £40,000,000 more than in 1913. Of this sum, £233,000,000 is represented by railway securities. The rainfall of Argentine averages some sixteen inches a year in the southern part; from 20 to 39 in the central region and from 40 to 60 inches in the northeastern section. While the population of Argentine in 1914 was about 8,000,000 the estimated total December 31, 1924, was 10,000,000. Fifty thousand British live in the Argentine, as well as 3,000 Americans from the United States. It is estimated 73% of the population are Argentine born and of European descent, while 23 % are foreign born and generally of European parentage. The balance are of mixed and inferior blood. The estimated total of sheep in the Argentine in 1926 was 35,000,000 and about 5,000,000 goats abound in the Northern provinces. It is estimated that there are from Wz to 3 million hogs in Argentine, and their carcasses are exported frozen. There are at present 205,000 automobiles in use in Argentine. In 1910 the Argentine Republic celebrated the centennial of the Revolution de Mayo, by which the people renounced allegiance to Spain. Many countries presented the republic with commemoratives statuary, symbolic of the occasion, the gift of the United States being a life size bronze figure of George Washington. Few people realize the national importance of Argentine's wine making industry, which in the province of Mendoza alone includes 100,000 hectares of vineyards with an annual production of 185,000,000 gallons. Argentine's sugar industry was established by the Jesuits in 1646. Now there are 36 enormous and splendidly equipped "centrals" of the Republic, which establishments have been producing sufficient to satisfy the National demands for more than 20 years past, the total amounting to 5,200,000 tons in that period. Argentine is a world granary. One of the two colossal fundamental industries of Argentine is grain growing with its concomitants of milling, storage and exportation. The grain elevators and docks of Buenos Aires are second to none in the world, and the same may be said of her flour mills, which are equipped with the finest and most up-to-date machinery obtainable. In 1925 the exports of Argentine were 2,993,400 tons of wheat, 2,934,000 tons of corn, 960,700 tons of linseed, 433,000 tons of oats and 59,400 tons of barley. The pampas, or plain land of Argentine, affords pasture for immense herds of cattle and produce great crops of cereals. Upon it exist great agricultural colonies. In the northern territory, between the Salada and the Pilcomayo Rivers, are forests containing timber for cabinet work and rougher purposes. The northern part of the country is specially suited for cattle raising, and in the hilly region, for goats. The central and western districts are admirably fitted for cattle, horses, sheep and pigs. The cooler south is excellent sheep country. The 5,740,000 immigrants who have entered Argentine during the last 70 years are, in the majority, Latins —inhabitants of the States of southern Europe. The Italians and Spaniards alone constitute 79.6 per cent of the total, while the immigrants from all non-Latin countries form scarcely 15 per cent. The Italian immigration was formerly the most numerous. Up until 1870, 70 per cent of all the immigrants were Italians; later this proportion was reduced to 60 per cent, and today it remains stationary at about 45 per cent. But the emigration of Italians from Argentine has always been active, amounting to 50 per cent of all the people leaving the country. It has always been a feature of the Italian migration that they have left the country in large numbers whenever the country has been in one of its periodical periods of crisis. Spanish immigration as contrasted with the Italian shows a steady increase year by year. At first it formed only 15 per cent of the total and later, just before the war, it constituted 49 per cent. It has fallen off heavily in the last few years, probably because of the events that have taken place in Spain, and at present constitutes only 25 per cent of the total immigration. The large balances of Italian and Spanish immigration during the last 70 years have produced important modifications in the characteristics of Argentina's population. According to the census of 1914, there were then in Argentine 929,863 Italians and 829,701 Spaniards, these two nationalities forming 23.46 per cent of the total population. The Transcontinental, or Transandine Railroad, connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific Oceans between Buenos Aires and Valparaiso, Chili, opened on May 25, 1910. May 25 is the day celebrated by Argentine and Chili as the date of the revolution which gave independence to both republics. The road is 888 miles long. Cog roads are used a portion of the way. It furnishes a quick and extremely picturesque way of crossing the continent, the journey occupying 38 hours. Christ of the Andes. As one approaches the line and passes the frontier between Chile and Argentine, it is announced by the automatic ringing of a bell. On the summit of the pass, 12,796 feet above sea level, on the boundary this statue has been erected to Christ the Redeemer, which bears the inscription: "Sooner shall these mountains crumble into dust than the people of Argentine and Chile break the peace which they have sworn to maintain at the feet of Christ the Redeemer." It was cast from the brass cannons used in the last war between these two nations. {Number Nine] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE By the opening on August 20, 1925, of the Atocha to Villazon Railway owned by the Bolivian Government— a new transcontinental connection is made across the South American Continent connecting Mollendo, Arica and Antofagasta on the Pacific Coast and Buenos Aires on the Atlantic coast. The distance from Mollendo to Buenos Aires is approximately 2,240 miles. By a new arrangement of trains, travelers landing at Mollendo will soon be able to surmount the Andes and arrive at La Paz in 35 hours, making a daylight trip across Lake Titicaca. From La Paz, whose altitude is 12,126 feet, to Buenos Aires the running time for through service will be approximately 72 hours. The magnificence of the mountain scenery beggars description. As a connecting link between the rich mineral bearing plateau of Bolivia and the extensive agricultural prairies of Argentine, the Atocha-Villazon railway, which completes the Bolivian section of the Pan-American railway system, has every prospect of great commercial importance. * The Jewish Colonization Company founded by Baron Hirsch in 1892, owns over half a million hectares in Argentine. The Association sells land to colonists at cost prices in lots of 25-400 hectares and makes advances of funds. Of the 691 million acres composing the area of Argentine about one-fifth are accounted for by forests, towns, villages, rivers and mountains; more than 384 million acres are available for agriculture or stock farming, or enough to support about 100 million people. In August, 1927, Argentine returned to the gold standard. The conversion office closed at the outbreak of the World's War, has been reopened, and the paper peso once more is convertible into 44 cents gold. The President of Argentine has approved the building of seven macadamized highways leading out from Buenos Aires, a total of 266 kilometers, estimated to cost 17,920,000 pesos. Argentine is importing goods to the annual value of $80.00 to $95.00 per capita and her absolute and relative consumption capacity is constantly increasing. At present her purchase of automobiles from the United States exceeds that of any other country. Fifty-six years ago Argentine had 1,200,000 white inhabitants in a total population of 1,800,000. Today it is claimed she has 10,200,000 inhabitants of white European stock, whose annual consumption of meat is probably the highest known, namely, 198 pounds per capita. Thirty years ago England and Argentine accomplished the great task of railroad construction involving the investment of $1,500,000,000 English capital. Today the Argentine railway system includes 38,000 kilometers (23,560 miles). England is selling to the Argentine, coal and manufactured goods to the value of $250,000,000 each year. It is asserted that with the proper construction and financing of good roads in the Argentine, there will be the opportunity for the United States to sell 1,000,000 automobiles in the country within the next six years. The Government of Argentine owns state lands and sells same at low prices. The prices vary according to location. Land may be purchased at from $5 to $80 an acre. Large farms or tracts, are being divided into small farms. In 1912, there were 85,300 small agricultural holdings in Argentine which had increased to 120,000 in 1924, and 70 % of them ranged in size from 25 to 250 acres. About 36% are owned by the farmers, 55 % are rented and 9 % worked on shares. In Argentine there are estates of as much as 300,000 to 500,000 and even 1,250,000 acres. This system of land distribution has created an exclusive and wealthy governing class, which holds practically all of the power, and a poverty stricken class, which until recently was greatly neglected. Buenos Aires recently contracted in London for 26 miles of new subway which will cost $50,000,000. There are no strap hangers in the street cars in Buenos Aires. When the sign "Completo" appears, all seats are full and you must wait for a car with room. B. A. is well supplied with policemen, having twice as many in proportion to its population as New York City. Public buildings of the city are highly artistic. They are let after keen competition in regards to their designs. The Jockey Club is not only one of the richest clubs in the world, but one of the most exclusive. Government House at Buenos Aires, on the east of the Plaza Mayo and called because of its pink color, "La Casa Rosada," is the official residence of the President, and headquarters of several Government departments. It is notable for its statuary, the rich furnishings of its halls, and for its libraries. The Cathedral on the north of the Plaza de Mayo is flanked by the residence of the Archbishop. On this site was built the first church in Buenos Aires, a building which was under repair in 1618. After reconstruction in 1677, the edifice collapsed in 1753, and the building was not completed until 1804. One of the two towers and domes was subsequently removed so that the architectural proportions have suffered. A frieze upon the Greek facade represents Joseph and his brethren. The tomb of General San Martin is imposing. There are large and elegant marble carvings and in the central nave mural paintings of interest. The Congress Hall (Palacio del Congreso) at Buenos Aires, facing Government House, of great size and in Greco-Roman architecture, is the seat of the legislature. It contains the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, and limited accommodations for the public is available for the sittings of either. The National Gallery of Buenos Aires, in the Plaza of San Martin, formed part of the Paris Exhibition, 1889, and was re-erected on the present site. In addition to modern European works, there are oils attributed rightly or wrongly to old masters; paintings representing the Conquest of Mexico executed three or four hundred years ago, and wooden carvings from the Argentine Chaco. The Race Course, or Hippodrome Argentine, in Palermo Park near Buenos Aires, seats some 30,000 persons. There are Sunday races throughout the year, and upon all holidays other than May 25 and July 9. Betting is by totalisator only. A percentage of all winnings is taken by the Jockey Club, and in the surplus beyond expenses the Government and the Municipality take equal shares. Argentine is making great progress in growing Yerba Mate. The annual quantity of Yerba consumed in the Argentine Republic amounts to about 90,000,000 kilos (approximately 90,000 tons), of which total some 85% is imported from Brazil and Paraguay at a value of about 50,000,000 pesos. Continued progress has been made in Argentine in the growing of Yerba since the year 1903. In 1923 the already existing plantations were augmented by a further 1,525 hectares (one hectare is equal to about two and one-half acres), containing 1,546,642 plants, and in 1927, a census taken of the Yerba plantations in the territory of Misiones developed the fact that the total area planted with Paraguayan tea plants was 20,124 hectares, with 19,712,093 plants, of which 4,748,- 484 plants were producing leaves ready for use; since then the area planted has increased, and it is estimated that during 1928, 7,000 hectares more will be planted, and by the close of 1928, the total area under Yerba cultivation will be some 30,000 hectares with about 30,000,- 000 Yerba plants in all. There are also some 3,000,000 bearing plants in the Province of Corrientes. At the present time the 2,236 planters engaged in raising Yerba in Misiones are employing about 15,000 men, and the importance of the industry for that territory is demonstrated by the fact that 90 % of the entire cultivated land in Misiones is under cultivation of Yerba. While there seems to be ample scope for the development of Yerba cultivation in Misiones and Corrientes, and while the quality compares most favorably with Paraguayan and Brazilian Yerba, the production of Argentine Yerba is far from sufficient to supply the demand. Less than half the meat consumed in Great Britain is home raised. The meat from foreign countries is sent in either a frozen or a chilled state. The frozen meat is actually frozen hard throughout at a temperature of from 10 to 15 degrees, while chilled meat is kept at a temperature of from 28 to 30 degrees, or just below the freezing point of water. In the United Kingdom, chilled beef is preferred to frozen and on account of the distance, Australia and New Zealand do not send chilled beef in quantities. For this reason, most of Great Britain's supply of chilled meats are drawn from South America, namely from the Argentine, and the meat arrives ready for consumption. Frozen meat has to be defrosted before it can be passed into distribution. In 1927 Great Britain imported 63,535 tons of meat from Australia; 153,409 from New Zealand; 45,281 from Uruguay; 3,901 from the United'States; 25,901 from other countries and 654,740 tons from the Argentine. Between the years 1913 and 1927 there has been an increase of 226,519 tons in the annual import of frozen and chilled meats of Great Britain, as well as a larger import of live cattle for killing. Argentine has increased her shipments to Great Britain from 409,211 tons in 1913 to 654,740 tons in 1927. Receipts from New Zealand have risen from 122,234 tons in 1913 to 153,409 tons in 1927, but imports of meat from Australia have declined. {Number Ten] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Tristan da Cunha is the largest and the only inhabited of a group of 3 islands situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, and were named after their discoverer, a Portuguese Admiral, Tristan de Cunha, who discovered them in 1506. Tristan, an extinct volcano rises to a height of 7,640 feet, the crater summit now being- filled with fresh water. St. Helena, 1,320 miles north, is the nearest inhabited land while Capetown is 1,400 miles east, Buenos Aires 2,500 miles west and the South Pole about 3,200 miles south. Until the middle of the last century the neighboring waters were visited by American whalers, but with the decline of the whaling industry, these visits have ceased. Since 1900 the annual visit of a war ship with mail and supplies has been discontinued. Lying as does this island without the trade routes and channels of commerce, it is seldom visited by ships. It has been called the "loneliest populated spot on all the earth's surface," and also designated as the "furthest flung of all Great Britain's outposts." The Tristan islands were discovered by Dutch in 1643 and by the French in 1767. Captain Patten, of the American ship, "INDUSTRY," and a part of his crew resided there temporarily collecting seal skins, in 1790- 91. Captain Heywood, an Englishman, who visited the islands in 1811 found three Americans there who were going to remain there for a few years collecting seal skins and oil, for sale to vessels touching at the island. One of these men, Jonathan Lambert, on February 4th, 1811, by a curious edict, declared himself proprietor of the island. He cleared a quantity of land and planted various seeds, some of which, as well as sugar cane and coffee, were supplied to him by the American Minister at Rio de Janeiro. The whole was later abandoned, but formal possession of the island was taken in the name of Great Britain by troops of the transport "FALMOUTH" on August 14th, 1816. Tristan Island, which is circular in form, is upwards of seven miles in diameter and rises from the sea in the form of a truncated cone at an angle 45 degrees with a center peak of 7,640 feet above the sea, and may be seen on a clear day for a distance of 75 miles. Its sides, as far as the central dome, are covered with long grass, ferns and brushwood, but higher up consists of bare rugged rocks while the summit is covered with snow the greater part of the year. The cone consists of black and deep red lava ashes in the center of which is an extinct crater, nearly circular, a quarter of a mile in diameter, and partly filled with fresh water, but its depth is unknown. No ancient lava streams are visible, nor any signs of former sea levels; no corals or shells have been found, and there are no thermal waters. The only indication of volcanic activity during the residence of the late Governor Glass was a slight shock of earthquake in about 1849, when a portion of rock was precipitated from the mountain side, and motion imparted to articles of furniture. Several persons heard a noise at the time of the occurrence, though the day was fine and not in the thunder season. The Canadian Pacific Steamship, "EMPRESS OF FRANCE," on her "South America-Africa" Cruise, stopped at the Tristan da Cunha Island on February 26th, 1928, to land supplies for the islanders, which had been assembled by the Independent Order Daughters of the Empire and other British organizations, to which King George and Queen Mary had made generous contributions and donations. The occasion gave the 436 passengers of the cruise the opportunity of seeing the "furthest outflung sentinel of the British Empire" and gave to the 149 inhabitants of the island, a most happy interruption to their dreary, desolate, lonely existence, as the "EMPRESS OF FRANCE" was the first ship they had seen for 11 months. The stop at the island was one of the outstanding, gripping incidents, as well as one of the greatest thrills of this "Cruise of Contrasts." Edinburgh, the only settlement on the island, named after the Duke of Edinburgh, who visited the island in 1867 is on a plateau 9 miles long and Wz miles wide, on the northwestern part of the island. The plateau is about 100 feet above sea level. The settlement is 114 years old. Its population in 1824 was 25; in 1836, 42; in 1853, 95; in 1880, 109; in 1893 it had declined to 52; in 1907 it was 80; in 1920, 119; while at this time it is 149. The following nationalities are represented on the island: English, Scotch, Irish, American and Italian. They are all proud of their native land and ancestry, and boast of it. The supplies landed on the island by the "Empress of France" consisted of 124 cases and one barrel, which contained the following: 1,800 lbs. of flour, 1,100 lbs. of sugar, 400 lbs. of tea, 500 lbs. of soap, 500 lbs. of rolled oats, 150 lbs. of tobacco, also coffee, soda, baking powder, jams, raisins, butter, candy, malted milk, safety matches, candles, assorted, drugs, castor oil, Epsom salts, clothing, blankets, thread, yarn, woolen and cotton materials, needles, drapery, 10 boxes of ladies hose, first aid kits, magazines, books, toys, 1 bale of rope, 1 bale of cotton, 1 bale of cord, pocket knives, carborundum, nails, bolts, pots and pans, picks, shovels and wheel barrows, gramophone records and needles, harmonicas, fishing lines and fishing hooks. In addition to the above, most generous donations of clothing and useful supplies of every kind were given to the people by passengers on the "EMPRESS OF FRANCE." There are 149 people on the island at this time, 73 of them children. There are 5 widows and 1 widower. There are 9 more men than women, but the sexes, children included, are nearly equally divided. There are 33 homes on the island and 3 being built for 3 young couples, who have been united in marriage by the Rev. Pooley since his arrival. The year's accumulation of mail brought on board the "EMPRESS OF FRANCE" consisted of 54 letters and 3 packages. The islanders are not required to put postage stamps on their letters or packages, as the frank of the missionary is sufficient to carry the letters to their destination. There is no regular mail to or from the island. Rats landed by a shipwreck in 1882 have rendered it impossible to grow corn. Recently they had a "ratting" day in the potato patch and by digging the rats out of their holes they succeeded in killing 550 of them. The rats are large, measuring from 9 to 12 inches from tip to tip, and they put up a good fight. Mr. Lindsay said there were more rats than fleas and there were millions of fleas, but rats are the worst pest of the island. Rat traps and rat poison are badly needed, and the appeal of the islander is, "Give us rat traps or we perish." The Island Church of "St. Mary the Virgin" was commenced in October, 1922, and completed in July, 1923. Missionaries had tried for 50 years to build a permanent church, but building was slow on account of material being scare. Outside base measurements of the church are 50 feet in length and 13 V2 feet in width. Inside measurements, 40 feet in length and 11 % feet in width. There are 6 windows, the interior woodwork is painted white and the floor has been made from scraps of wood of odd sizes that apparently came from packing boxes. The home made benches seat about 100. Children sit on the floor at the services. In 1885 all of the men of the island, with the exception of two, who were ill, were at sea fishing. A great storm arose and the entire number were drowned, and thus the island was left a population which consisted mostly of widows and orphans. This led to quite a decline in population and accounts for the number of the islanders reported as only 52 in 1893. Since that time, however, the population has continued to increase until it reached its highest point in 1928, when it was reported as 149, at the time of the visit of the Canadian Pacific Steamship, "EMPRESS OF FRANCE," at the island on February 26th, 1928. There are only a few family names on the island, and most all of the people are related, owing to intermarriage. There are four families named Glass, eight named Green, four named Rogers, seven named Swain, two named Hagan and five named Laverello. There has been no restriction preventing intermarriage of color or nationality and they have married as they pleased, whom they please. Contrary to the general understanding with regard to intermarriage, these people have not become degenerates, as might be expected. Generally, the people of the island live to a ripe, old age, and the oldest on the island at this time is Martha Green, age 94; Susan Swain, who is 90 and Susan Glass age 84, all of whom are widows of the men drowned at sea in the disaster of 1885. Men from 65 to 70 years of age seem just as nimble as the younger ones and skip up and down the mountain just as rapidly. It is their custom to go up the mountainside 3,000 feet, twice a week after wood. When Napoleon Bonaparte was confined on St. Helena Island, the British fearful that the French might attempt to rescue him from the island stationed a detachment of artillery on Tristan Island. Upon the death of Napoleon in 1821, Corporal Wm. Glass and two companions obtained permission to remain on the island. They were accompanied by their wives, and being satisfied with the life on the island, wished to establish a permanent residence there. Later they were joined by some sailors who were cast ashore from a wrecked whaling boat, and also by the mutinous sailors who were placed ashore, and from these settlers the present inhabitants have descended. The whalers and sailors envied Glass and his two friends the possession of wives and requested the Captain of a sailing vessel to bring them women from Capetown. Upon his return the Captain brought nine negro women, and upon their arrival, they were promptly married to the white whalers and sailors. In March, 1927, the Rev. R. A. C. Pooley of Waver- tree, Liverpool, left England to take up the work of the late Rev. H. M. Rogers, who served in that lonely outpost from 1922 to 1925. Rev. Pooley was accompanied by Mr. Philip Lindsay, a theological student, who was attending St. Boniface College in England. They were sent by the "Society for the Propogation of the Faith," and will remain for three years, and are serving without pay. They share the poverty and hardships of the islanders and are doing a noble work on the island. Upon the arrival of the Rev. Pooley at Tristan, the island automatically became a part of the diocese of Liverpool. When the Rev. Pooley came to the island last year, the settlement was without any form of government, and as Mr. Lindsay expressed it, it was "each man for himself, and God for all." A new order of living and government was established through a "House of Parliament," as it is called, composed of the heads of the families, and all matters of general interest and concern are taken up, considered and decided there. {Number Eleven] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE While many men have given much of effort and have made great personal sacrifices for Africa—four men especially, Livingstone, Stanley, Gordon and Rhodes measured up to what Gladstone said was needed— "able, upright, patriotic men as remarkable for their ability and fitness for their work as any men that were ever in the political service of the British Crown." They were four strong personalities—Livingstone, the missionary explorer with a real mission; Stanley, the explorer with a vision of the future; Gordon, the brave soldier with a purpose; and Rhodes, the Empire builder with a colossal vision and conception of a magnificent project. David Livingstone, the greatest missionary pioneer the world has ever seen, gave 33 years of his life to Africa and traveled 30,000 miles in the continent on his mission. Stanley said of Livingstone "not only did he weave by his journeys the figure of His Redeemer's Cross on the map of Africa, but scattering ever his Master's words and patterning his life after his Master's, stamped the story of the cross on every African tribe, he visited." His life was filled with hardships and suffering, and in six months, he was attacked by fever 31 times. His heart was buried in Africa by his faithful native followers. "The Boers, by taking possession of all my goods, have saved me the trouble of making a will," he wrote. Stanley won, and surely deserved the title "Stanley Africanus." He was a man of hard metal, of indomitable will and courage, and he initiated routes of travel, suggested new commercial fields and organized stable forms of government. His hunt for, and finding of Livingstone, gave him the inspiration for, and foundation of his brilliant and successful career. His life had an everlasting effect upon the course of international politics. The portioning of Africa might have been delayed for many decades, but for his sudden and startling revelation of the interior of the Continent. His place is among those who have set the landmarks of nations, and moulded their destinies. Mr. Sidney Low said: "The map of Africa is a monument to Stanley! He solved the secret of the centuries. Geographical science has still its unfilled task to finish it, but there can never again be another Stanley! He is the last of the discoverers. No other man, until the records of our civilization perish, can lay bare a vast unknown tract of the earth's surface, for none such is left." "A famous company of strong men gave the best of their energies to the opening of Africa during the nineteenth century. It was Stanley who gathered up the loose threads, brought together the loose ends, and united the discoveries of his predecessors into one coherent and connected whole." Stanley not only completed but corrected the chief of all Livingstone's discoveries. Stanley regarded himself, and rightly, as the geographical legatee and executor of Livingstone. His four months in the company of Livingstone created in him the passion for exploration and the determination to clear up the unsolved enigmas of the Dark Continent. The finding of Livingstone made Stanley an. Explorer. Stanley wrote when on his expedition to relieve Emin Pasha, describing his journey through the jungle: "Take a thick Scottish copse, dripping with rain, imagine this copse to be a mere undergrowth, nourished under the impenetrable shade of ancient trees, ranging from 100 to 180 feet high; briars and thorns abundant; lazy creeks meandering through the depths of the jungle; and sometimes a deep affluent of a great river. Imagine this forest in all stages of decay and growth— old trees falling, leaning perilously over, fallen prostrate, ants and insects of all kinds, sizes and color murmuring around, monkeys and chimpanzees above, queer noises of birds and animals, crashes in the jungle as troops of elephants rush away; dwarfs with poisoned arrows securely hidden behind some buttress or in some dark recess, strong, brown-bodied aborigines with terribly sharp spears; standing poised, still as dead stumps, rain pattering down on you every other day in the year, an impure atmosphere, with its dread consequences, fever and dysentery; gloom throughout the day and darkness, almost palpable throughout the night, then you have a fair idea of some of the inconveniences endured by us for many months." Bula Matari was the great African name given to Stanley by the natives, and signified "The Breaker of Rocks." So, we leave this man, whose master passion was that, not of the discoverer, but of the civilizor, with these two verses by Sidney Low: "Large shall his name be writ, with that strong line, Of Heroes, martyrs, soldiers, saints, who gave Their lives to chart the waste, and free the slave, In the dim Continent where his beacons shine! But far away his monument shall be, In the wide lands he opened to the light, By the dark Forest of the tropic night, And his great river, winding to the sea." Cecil John Rhodes, who has been called South Africa's greatest friend and most celebrated statesman, was born July 5, 1853. He came to Africa at the right time to develop the unknown resources as well as his own gigantic genius. It was in Kimberley between the years 1873 and 1881 by his successful speculations in diamond mines, he began to amass the wealth without which his political career on the lines he had mapped out for himself, would have been impossible. After 13 years of effort, on March 13, 1888, he amalgamated the diamond interests into the DeBeer's Consolidated Mines, Ltd. He was a dreamer of dreams, but unlike many dreamers he possessed the gift, or power, to materialize his dreams. No matter what scheme or issue was in his mind, it broadened into something larger before he had done with it. He knew Africa from the Mediterranean to the Cape as no one else knew it, and was always eager to learn more of it from anyone who could inform him. He was a great reader of human nature, and almost invariably was governed by his first impressions. He was proud of the fact, and much pleased when the Imperial Government approved the name "Rhodesia." He was essentially an Imperialist, and as a loyal British subject, he was second to none and his effort was ever toward making the British Empire the supreme power in the world. He was not an eloquent orator, such as Gladstone, and is described by one of his auditors after he had made a long speech in London: "He does not make a speech at all. He gets up and has a sort of a confidential chat with the chairman for the benefit of those who happen to be listening." His character was a strange blend. On the one side is the thoughtful student, and philosopher, imagining big schemes, while on the other is the cool-headed financial genius who can provide the means whereby the great schemes evolved by the other side of his character are rendered possible. In the prime of life, at the age of 49, the useful career of this Empire Builder of great originality, a colossus, who left such a vast monument behind him was ended but his death has only increased his fame. He stands out a gigantic figure in modern history, a man of immense force, dominated by a lofty idea, and his last words were, "So little done; so much to do." Cecil Rhodes left $250,000 a year to maintain scholarships at Oxford, the beneficiaries to be selected among the English speaking peoples. He also provided that fifteen scholarships were to be placed at the disposal of the German Emperor. On the outbreak of the war with Germany, the trustees were empowered to cancel the latter, and to set up in their place scholarships alloted to the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, Alberta and Saskatchawan and (alternately) Kimberley and Port Elizabeth. A further eighteen scholarships have been established out of the residium of the estate. During the past twenty years 1,269 Rhodes scholars have gone to Oxford, 576 from the British Dominion and Colonies; 634 from the United States; 59 from Germany. Under the Rhodes will, each State of the United States maintains always two Rhodes scholars at Oxford. Each scholar stays three years so that each State elects two years out of three, elections being so arranged that thirty-two scholars go to Oxford each year. No restrictions are placed on a Rhodes scholar's choice of study. They are elected without examination on the basis of their record in schools and colleges with special reference: First, to literary and scholastic ability; Second, quality of manhood, character, public spirit and leadership; Third: physical vigor shown by interest in outdoor sports, or in other ways. The Academic record of the American and English Rhodes scholars groups for the last twenty years have been almost equal. Publication of Cecil Rhodes' will on April 4, 1902, astonished the world. Why should this man of politics and affairs be concerned with the classical education of future generations? Rhodes' underlying motive was concerned not so much with education, but in molding succeeding generations to a sense of racial solidarity. He selected the atmosphere in which he believed young men, from Arkansas or Australia, from Tennessee or Tasmania, from Nebraska or Natal, might best learn— "an appreciation of the advantages which I implicitly believe will result from the union of the English- speaking people throughout the world." The Rhodes Estates, 5% miles from Bulawayo, is now a Government experimental farm, with a total area of 115,000 acres. In accordance with Mr. Rhodes' idea, a number of farmers have been settled on different portions of it. The Matopos Dam, commenced by Mr. Rhodes was completed in 1903, and has a capacity of 910 million gallons. The embankment is 1,200 feet long, 80 feet high and 15 feet wide at the top and 390 feet wide at the base. The catchment area is about 26 square miles. The dam cost £30,000 to erect, and was estimated to irrigate 2,000 acres all year round, but owing to intermittent rainfall, only 700 acres have been brought under cultivation. The Zoological Gardens will be found to contain many native animals who roam at large inside a four-mile fence. The nurseries, 1800 acres, contain many thousands of trees and plants cultivated for purposes of observation. Like Livingstone some of General Gordon's efforts were directed toward putting the slave traders out of existence. Gordon tried by active measures to put them out of business. The enormous cruelty of the slave dealer is exhibited by an instance cited by the author of "The Arab in Central Africa" who told of an Arab Caravan which in eleven months ravaged a country about 30,000 square miles in extent. At the end of that time about 2,300 captives were obtained, but in capturing these, 118 villages were destroyed and about 4,000 people killed. The caravan was the fifth of its kind to scour the same country, and it was computed that about 30,000 lives have been sacrificed in the attempt to obtain a very much smaller number of slaves. A writer in the early days declared that 400,000 slaves annually were brought into the market, and that as many as 2,000,000 of lives must have been sacrificed in capturing and bringing this number to the coast. Gordon was a man of great courage, absolutely without fear. A friend visiting him one evening at the Palace at Khartoum, during the bombardment, found the Palace brilliantly lighted from top to bottom. At his suggestion that the Palace would be safer with less illumination, Gordon became angry, and calling a servant asked for candles and lanterns to be brought, and lighting 24 candles, placed them in lanterns on a table at one window and compelled his friend to join him and sit at that table. Gordon said, "When God was portioning out fear to all the people in the world, at last it came my turn, and there was no fear left to give me. Go tell all the people of Khartoum that Gordon fears nothing, that God created him without fear." In the midst of, and at the hands of a fanatical mob, the life of this gallant English soldier came to an end. As we visit the African Continent we should remember these four great personalities who helped develop the Dark Continent, and also remember that less than 10 per cent of its present population is white, and not forgetful that those white people number less than one-half of the citizens of our United States of America in 1776. At Groote Schuur, 6 miles from Capetown, please note over the porch and entrance a fine bes-relief sunk into the small gable representing the landing of Van Riebeeck on the shores of Table Bay in 1652. The house is of pure Dutch design brought to the colony by the former Dutch Governors and has now become known as the Cape Colonial Architecture or Cape Gables. {Number Twelve] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE AFRICA AREA AND POPULATION BY PROVINCES OR COUNTRIES Countries or Area Population Provinces Square Miles Total Union of South Africa, Cape Province 276,966 2,910,686 Transvaal 110,450 2,087,636 Orange Free State 49,647 628,827 Natal 35,284 1,429,398 Total 472,347 7,056,547 (This exceeds total area of France, Switzerland, Germany and Portugal.) Swaziland 6,678 114,107 Basutoland 11,716 543,078 Bechuanaland 275,000 158,152 Southern Rhodesia 150,344 899,187 Northern Rhodesia 291,000 983,539 Southwest Africa 322,400 227,739 Kenya 246,822 2,803,721 Uganda 110,300 3,132,312 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1,014,400 5,825,247 British Somaliland 68,000 344,000 French Somaliland 5,790 208,000 Italian Somaliland 154,000 650,000 Nyasaland 39,956 1,201,983 Tanganyika 373,494 4,124,438 British Cameroons 31,000 660,000 British Togoland 12,600 188,265 Tripolitania 350,000 570,716 Egypt 383,000 14,055,000 Nigeria 365,602 18,707,000 Gambia " 4,130 210,530 Gold Coast 91,690 2,299,267 Sierra Leone and Protectorate 27,250 1,541,311 Belgian Congo . 909,654 10,512,795 French Equatorial Africa 982,049 2,845,936 French West Africa 1,443,706 13,579,931 Algeria 222,180 5,806,090 Liberia 43,000 2,500,000 Angola 510,670 4,119,000 Mozambique 428,132 2,925,903 Eritrea 45,754 407,394 Tunis 48,300 2,095,090 Morocco 231,500 6,000,000 Abyssinia 350,000 10,000,000 Spanish Possessions 194,000 1,119,419 ADJACENT BRITISH ISLANDS Zanzibar and Pemba, 1,020 square miles with a population of 221,925; Mauritius, 720 square miles, with a population of 398,236; Seychelles (101 islands and islets), 156 square miles, with a population of 26,397; St. Helena, 47 square miles, with a population of 3,728; Ascension, 34 square miles with a population of 360; Tristan da Cunha, 21 square miles, with a population of 149, and Gough Island, 40 square miles, uninhabited. Whites Blacks, Etc. 650,609 2,260,077 543,485 1,544,151 188,556 440,271 136,838 1,292,560 1,519,488 1.) 5,537,059 2,300 111,807 1,603 540,778 1,743 156,409 33,620 865,567 3,634 979,905 19,432 208,307 9,651 2,794,070 1,261 3,131,051 49,000 5,776,247 2,205 341,795 354 207,646 750 649,250 1,486 1,200,497 2,447 4,121,991 77 659,923 20 188,245 20,716 550,000 205,998 13,849,002 3,900 18,703,100 147 210,383 2,165 2,297,102 1,161 1,540,150 12,795 10,500,000 2,932 2,843,004 8,567 13,571,364 829,828 4,976,262 2,500,000 4,109,000 10,000 3,033 2,922,870 4,601 402,793 156,170 1,938,920 132,385 5,867,615 2,000 9,998,000 13,000 1,106,419 MADAGASCAR Madagascar is a French possession with 241,094 square miles and a population including Mayotte of 3,621,343. Africa's rich story of the past, its resplendent promise for the future, its glorious progress since the days of Livingstone and Stanley, its gold and diamonds, and its millions of interesting natives, charms one as does no other land. Africa, with 11,500,000 square miles, has one-fifth the territory of the globe. It has almost four times the area of the United States. Africa is 234 times the size of New York State. The coast line of Africa is equal to the earth's circumference. Africa has three times China's area, one-third her population, and a far greater wealth of raw material. Half the gold in the world lies buried in Africa. The copper fields of Africa are greater than those of North America and Europe combined; its iron ore exceeds that of North America. Africa has 800,000 square miles of coal fields hardly touched yet. Five hundred thousand picked men from Mohammedan villages in Africa fought for the allied cause in the World War. The "witch doctor" is both physician and priest to the African. Hundreds of thousands of natives in Africa are 100 to 200 miles from the nearest trained physician. The simple hand-plow will relieve African womanhood of its great physical burden. One plow can do more work than ten women. The territorial interests of European Countries in Africa since the Mandate adjustment is as follows: France, 4,474,000 square miles; Great Britain, 3,854,600 square miles; Belgium, 928,900 square miles; Portugal, 927,200 square miles; Italy, 591,000 square miles; Spain 128,100 square miles. More than a million square miles of territory in Africa, or over one-eleventh of the Continent belonged to Germany prior to the war. These vast regions are now administered under mandates of Great Britain, France and Belgium. As a result of the war, the tri-color of France now flies over more territory in Africa than is under the control of any other nation, a territory which exceeds by nearly 80,000 square miles the area of the United States, including Alaska, and insular possessions. Only three countries in Africa, Egypt, Liberia and Abyssinia, with an area of 776,000 square miles of territory, are independent. The balance with an area of more than one-fifth of the earth's land surface is ruled by European Nations. On March 31, 1924, the forest reserve areas of the Union of South Africa, comprised 2,042,666 acres demarcated, and 593,443 acres undemarcated, total 2,- 636,109 acres. The "Rand Daily Mail" is authority for the statement that the United States shipped automobiles into South Africa in 1924, to the value of $7,404,935; the next largest shipment being from Canada, $3,456,330. Of the 61 types of motor cars manufactured in the United States, 36 have agencies established in South Africa. The conditions in Africa are not so different from those in the United States, and do not necessitate any radical alteration in designs, although South African cars have a right hand steering wheel. The American car is suitable to the conditions in South Africa on account of the high power of the engine, and its flexibility. Every year about 500,000 negroes are induced by wages and promises to leave their kraals and go to work in the mines that surround Johannesburg. Seven furnaces in the Elizabethville, Congo mines, produce 30,000 tons of copper per year. The gross public debt of the Union of South Africa at March 31, 1925, was £214,332,683 and the net debt, £202,020,364. The estimated expenditure for 1925-26 on railways is £24,040,400; harbors, £1,189,346; steamships, £185,398. Tea culture flourishes in the Natal in gardens about 1,000 feet above sea level, where the ideal climate is found—plenty of heat and moisture being necessary. A Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope receives both American and European time signals. Museums supported by the Government grants are to be found at Capetown, Pretoria, Pietermartizburg, Bloemfontein, Port Elizabeth, Kimberley and Durban. South Africa did its noble duty early in the World War. When Great Britain had only 120,000 men in the field, South Africa out of its one and one-quarter million sent over 40,000 men. The Boers were unquestionably related at least distantly, to Theodore Roosevelt, and believed strongly in at least one of his principles as they were very prolific, many of the women bearing upward of twenty children, while the average was from twelve to sixteen to the family. Cape Province of the Union of South Africa is a little larger than our State of Texas, while Natal is the size of Indiana; the Orange Free State larger than New York State and the Transvaal almost as large as Iowa and Illinois combined. Thirty years ago in these four provinces, there were only 400,000 white people, but now there are over 2,000,000. Africa, while three times the size of Europe, has a coast line only about three-fourths as long. The first auto was imported into South Africa in 1896, a Wi H.P. Benz, and was exhibited to many thousands at half a crown a head. Speaking commercially, South Africa has definitely embarked upon her inevitable career as a manufacturing and exporting country, and is destined for many reasons to become an important factor in the world's commerce. She is so situated as to possess a remarkable advantage as both a manufacturing and distributing center, in regard not alone to the African continent, but to South America, Australia, England and the East Indian Countries as well. About the middle of the late war, the country, as was the others, was thrown to a large extent upon its own resources, resulting in a forced development and dependence upon and the utilization of raw products and natural resources within her border. Thus, discovering that she possessed potentialities for industrial development remarkable in variety and extent; and being free from that serious deflating period from which many other countries suffered; and emerging from the war with resources intact and with added industrial strength, a very small war debt, and with a system of taxation probably the lightest in the civilized world, it is not surprising that many lines have become successful and self-supporting to a degree not thought possible a few years ago. There are many sections of this continent as yet unknown to the white man. While civilization is gradually extending inland from the shores and from the railroads, still in many parts a hundred miles into the jungle one finds conditions as primitive as they were 1,000 years ago. Many sections, especially in the great Congo and Sudan countries are so unknown that maps might rightly show them peopled with elephants and wild animals as they pictured our Great American desert in the olden days, inhabited by buffaloes and Indians. {Number Thirteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE AFRICAN SOUVENIRS No other portion of the world offers a greater assortment of novel, unique and curious souvenirs than does Africa. The country abounds in rarities which cannot be found elsewhere. The following list will give an idea of some of the mementoes you can purchase at various points. At CAPETOWN: Skins, furs, rugs and Karosses (native cloaks) of Lion, Leopard, Tiger, Hyena, Tibbie Cat, Silver, Blue and Golden Jackal, Spotted Cat, Das- sie, Springbok, Durkerbok, Cheeta, Angora, Grey Lynx, Otter, Mole, Maclusi, Tsepa Lynx, Sebala, African Silver Fox, Monkey Skins, Dinker Squirrel, Red Lynx, Se- palora, Meerkat and other animals. Elephant hair, jewelry, rings, bracelets, bangles, sleeve links, charms, watch chains, necklaces and ear rings. Ebony carved elephants of all sizes. Ivory bangles, necklets, pendants, shoe horns, card cases, figures and vases. Hand carved Lions, Monkeys, Elephants and Tigers. Native curios, trays, baskets, wooden carvings, dolls, Zulu war shields, spears, assegais and knobkerries. Sjambok sticks, Rhino and Hippo whips and sticks. Basuto baskets and pots. There are large stocks of gems and jewels in Capetown, also valuable antiques, many of them hundreds of years old. Beads of numerous kinds are found everywhere. PORT ELIZABETH: Is the home of the Ostrich, and a large assortment of Ostrich feather fans, plumes, stoles, wraps, dusters and capes are found there; also Ostrich feather floss capes, Paris mounts, Marabout stoles, and capes, Marabout trimmings, Ospreys and Birds of Paradise, as well as Ostrich skin, Python and Cobra skins, Water Lizard and other skins, made into purses, ladies' bags, pouches, belts and other articles. Also a large stock of ivory ornaments, wooden warriors, carved animals, native beadwork, Zulu curios, including shields, battle axes, hardwood kerries, assegais, fibre hand bags, hats and table mats, raffia hats, purses, wallets and mats; barotse baskets and trays; native pottery, including Zulu blackware, Basuto and Bechu- analand ware. A specialty here is the Ostrich feather floss cape, a reliable reversible and washable novelty. There is also offered a variety of polished hardwood ornaments, stinkwood stools and folding chairs. At DURBAN most any article of this entire list can be purchased; also Shark's Teeth, Elephant's tails, Rhino tusks, Elephant hoof waste baskets; Whale's teeth, Lion's teeth and claws; also native beaded belts, bracelets, anklets and breast straps, undressed skins are very cheap in the native market and other novelties will be found there. At BULAWAYO one finds Somabula gems, Malachite, Barotse basketware, Love and Mahogany beans. Diamonds can be purchased fromJicensedjealers only, the best assortment being at Johannesburg and Kimberley. An African novelty, typical of the country, is sold at Kimberley, consisting of a Kimberley diamond mounted in a setting of Johannesburg gold, forming a unique souvenir of both cities. Horns and heads of South African animals can be bought at various points and a good selection of native skins and curios of many kind are obtainable at the native kraals, and at the stations along the railway in Bechuanaland. At ZANZIBAR, there are many native shops and bazaars with large assortments of curios and souvenirs of ivory, silver, ebony and tortoise shell. There is a number of Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Turkish and Arabian curios for sale, and also workshops where one may see how many of these articles are made. Here also can be found an assortment of precious stones from Ceylon, opals from Australia, and chains, necklaces and rings with zircons, topaz, aquamarines, tourmalines, blue sapphires, star stones and others. There are also many shops at DAR-ES-SALAAM. The South African Minister of Finance has made a plea that the Imperial Forestry Conference in 1933 should be held in South Africa, which of all the Dominions was the most poorly endowed with forests. Dense forests only occupy one-fourth of one per cent of its area compared with Canada's twenty-five per cent. The condition, however, is being improved and in the past three years, 40,000 acres have been planted by the State alone, and from the Government nurseries, between three and four million trees have been sent out annually. Among the passengers who sailed from New York recently for London was Dr. Ricardo Fernandez y Grou- terez, who said he was a tonquin bean merchant from Kikara on the upper Orinoco River, and was on his was to the tsetse fly district in Central Africa. The doctor said he was taking with him a steel lined box containing some ferocious flies given to him by the Warooma Indians, who used them for hunting and attacking their enemies. Four of these savage insects would drive the fiercest jaguar in the South American forests to commit suicide by jumping into the river within fifteen minutes after their attack. These flies, he added, were the only insects that could rout the Australian bulldog ants. The doctor added that he would have liked to undo the case and let the reporter see the flies, but did not consider it quite safe, as he might not be able to get them back into the case. On his arrival at Lake Tanganyika the doctor said he will go into the districts where the tsetse flies abound and then let his insects loose on them and watch the result. The difficulties of establishing air service across Africa from north to south are very great. A Mr. W. F. Willis, who had much flying experience writes, "Climatic and atmospheric conditions in Equatorial Africa are most unfavorable for flying; sand storms traveling at a terrific speed, more dense than the thickest London fog, and changing the whole face of the ground, occur frequently in the summer between Wadi Haifa and Khartoum. South of Khartoum electric storms are particularly violent, and the rain, while it lasts, seems like a solid sheet of water. Farther south still, one meets with the waterspouts of Victoria Nyanza, and along the Equatorial portion generally terrific "bumps" are encountered owing to the high hills, extreme heat and sudden changes of temperature between night and day. Bush fires which occur frequently and cover enormous areas are another difficulty to be contended with. The whole route from Kosti to Broken Hill in Rhodesia is so bad that a forced landing means almost inevitably a "crash," or at least, serious damage. Swamps, ant hills, scrub, outcropping of rock and tall elephant grass combine pretty thoroughly to make landing places exceedingly rare." In 1876 there were only 400 miles of constructed railway in the whole Continent of Africa. Bartholomew Diaz discovered the Cape in 1486, five years before Columbus discovered America. Vasco da Gama another Portuguese followed in 1497. The Cape remained in the hands of Portuguese for 100 years when the Dutch appeared. The Dutch Voortrekkers were like the Mormans, they went into the wilderness with their oxen and their Bibles, and both were equally religious in a narrow sense. They loved solitude and space, and they found both under the blue African sky. Many valuable woods grow in the wonderful forests around Knysna. Cecil Rhodes once said he could supply all the hard wood the world would require from the forests of Rhodesia. The chief species are the Yellow Assegai, Stinkwood, Black and White Ironwood, Kamassi wood and African boxwood. The Stinkwood is a very beautiful species, very strong and used in making wagons, but makes very beautiful furniture. It takes a good tree 100 years to grow, when it will cut a plank 45 feet long by 3 to 6 in. wide. Ironwood is very slow in growing and is very solid as a cubic foot of it will weigh 75 pounds as against 38 pounds per cubic foot of white pine. Kamassi wood or African boxwood is a yellow wood resembling English boxwood and is used to make shuttles for the cotton mills at Manchester, England, having been found the best wood obtainable for that purpose. There are ants in Africa called Warrior Ants, who travel in armies. They bite tenaciously and when they get their pincer jaws into you it's hard to get rid of them. They travel along streams devouring every living thing that falls into their way. A live rat thrown into their path will be killed and his bones picked in two minutes. When a stream of them come through a village the natives decamp and give them the right of way. Locusts are so plentiful in Africa as to impede the railway trains, dropping on the track and making the track slippery so it is impossible for trains to proceed. The greater part of South and South-Central Africa is subject to visitations of brown locusts. They are most destructive insects. They are supposed to breed in swarms in the Kalahari Desert. According to the official Mines Department statistics, there were during August, 1927, 32 collieries producing in the Transvaal. The tons of coal sold were 666,600 and value at pit's mouth, £169,816. In the Witbank- Middelburg field 17 collieries sold 469,575 tons of coal during that month. The Witbank District is the greatest coal field in the Union of South Africa. Apart from the existing collieries and the area controlled by them, Dr. Mellor, in his survey of boreholes put down four or five years ago, estimated that at least 1,000 million tons of coal of an exceptional quality are available, and only awaited developments and markets. Furthermore, there is an immense tonnage of coal in the upper seams, suitable for internal use, but its quality would not bear the cost of transport to overseas market. The world still knows Africa as the "Dark Continent." Yet, it is not the Dark Continent, but an awakened, progressive civilization, accomplishing much under the patient and careful efforts of the white people among its black, brown and chocolate millions. In South Africa, especially the native thrives and progresses under European civilization, though each of the many races maintains its own identity of interests and preserves its own characteristics. As a whole, the native population is undergoing a profound change, and is keenly alive to the necessity for improvement, and is gradually though very slowly accepting the white man's civilization. Many grave and serious problems yet confront these people. Wise administration of the white man carefully avoids as little interference as possible with native customs. Generally speaking, these customs have not changed in the last three centuries. North Africa has 40 million people, mostly Mohammedans. South Africa has 10 million people, nominally, at least, Christian. Between them is the great mass of 80 million blacks of pagan Africa. The late Prof. Drummond in describing the African said: "This man is apparently quite happy. One stick pointed makes a spear; two sticks rubbed together makes him a fire and fifty sticks tied together makes him a home." The African native thinks neither of the past nor the future. His great sense of humor is his saving grace, and he is blessed with an ear for music. The first missionary to South Africa was George Schmidt, a Moravian, in 1737, who became known as the "Apostle of the Hottentots." He met with opposition of all classes of the Dutch who drove him from the country. Missionaries were denied privileges until 1792, when missionaries were permitted to teach the Hottentots the manufacture of knives, as well as religion. Permission to build a church was refused until the arrival of the British. After 1800 missionaries developed religious work freely and rapidly. Apart from religious work, South Africans are indebted to the missionary for the speed of civilization northward and for the record they left of the past conditions of South Africa. One writer says, "The key to the native question in South Africa is a knowledge of the religion and the religious practices of the natives. They are all intimately connected with witchcraft or rather witchcraft is the pivot on which they rest. All Kaffirs and Hottentots are spiritualists who worship, fear and revere the spirits of their ancestors. The go-between is the witch doctor." In 1857 some 60,000 Kaffirs died of starvation after following the commands of their witch doctors and destroying their cattle and corn. {Number Fourteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE The native population in many of the sections is surprising in numbers. In Portuguese East Africa there are over 21/2 million. In Tanganyika there were IV2 million in 1912, but now about 4% million in the territory included in the Belgian Congo. They are divided into 71 tribes. In the Uganda in 1922 there were 1261 whites, 5529 Asiatics and 3 V± million natives. Some years ago the native population was largely decreased by sleeping sickness which is now under control. These natives are far more intelligent and trustworthy than most negroes. Zululand has been described as drenched with the grossest superstition. There are spirits everywhere— usually evil spirits, the Zulu contends—and the witch doctor is a natural corollary of such belief. To be lord over the superstitions of these people is to be lord over their whole lives. The witch doctor, or diviner, is reputed to perform many remarkable feats at will. For instance, when a tottering and bony veteran seeks conquests among youthful maidens, the witch doctor's love potions are professed to overcome opposition on the part of the damsels. The diviner is also credited with the power to ward off or bring evil to the native village, to cause rain to fall, and indeed, to control the elements generally. The Zulus of Natal are a magnificent physical type, a large percentage of the warriors are more than six feet tall and the women are almost as tall. Their color is a brownish chocolate shade. They have many a likeable trait, and are described as the "white souled children of a savage." The Zulus are few in number but courageous beyond any other people in southern Africa. They are Kaffirs, intelligent and aggressive, yet, what they were in 1813, before they were overcome by the British. The Zulus still practice polygamy, considering women as chattels. The typical home today, as it was 100 years ago, is the bee hive kraal from two to ten hay stack like huts, windowless, all but doorless, standing within an enclosure. The Kaffir lives happily and contented with his wives to till his field of maize and sorghum and mealies. In the past Zululand was torn by factions. Torturous warfares waged, sometimes black man against black man, sometimes between European and Zulu, in which the terrible Zulu paramount Chief, Chaka, figures prominently. The country passed through a long drawn- out maelstrom of barbaric greed, despotism and cruelty. But out of the battered warrior armies, and from the often tormented women folk and children, European governing influences long since created a peace-abiding —and for the most part, peace-loving people, and a land of contentment. There is nothing perhaps more remarkable in the Zulu people than the great power of memory possessed by those who are accustomed to deal in important affairs. Having no writing there has been no records from time immemorial, no record of events except those impressed upon the mind, and these im pressions have become a habit. Communications between authorities and the Zulu Kings has almost invariably been conducted by means of verbal messages conveyed by natives who have not failed to accurately deliver the words entrusted to them. South Africa has produced warriors fitted to rank with the greatest of the mighty. "Chaka, the Terrible," the Zulu, was the greatest of all. The discipline, which this Napoleon of South Africa had introduced into his army rendered him invincible and his policy of extermination nearly swept away those tribes occupying large portions of the country. . It is estimated that over 1,000,000 people were slain during the successive raids of the Zulus West of Tugela. His operations affected the history of South Africa, and of the world, and he also prepared the way for the advent of the whites. He made the Great Trek possible and turned Natal into an unoccupied desert ready for settlement by civilized races. Had the Orange Free State, the Transvaal and Natal remained filled with millions of aborgines, who peopled this before Chaka's time, the Voortrekkers would never have dared to enter them for there would have been no land for them to take up without they had exterminated the aborgines. Chaka married 12,000 wives. He refused to call them wives, and perhaps that is how he "salved" his conscience. It must have been the largest family in the history of the human race, and Tippoo Tibs 300 wives and Solomon's 1,000 wives were small in comparison with the number he possessed. They were called "The Women of the Great House." His family was not as large as might be supposed for he had the amiable habit of killing all his male children. It is suggested that he probably did this so he would have no rival claimants near his throne. Chaka had a custom of killing off the men who were too old to go to war, as he regarded them as an incumberance. Chaka was assassinated in 1828 by his brother, Din- gaan, who reigned in his stead. Chaka, whose memory is still venerated among the Zulus as "The Old Lion," is buried near Stenger. The natives called Rhodes the "Great White Chief." All Africa loves the story of the man who so richly and completely dedicated his life to the service of others and reveres the memory of sacrifices made and deeds so nobly done. Noted travelers who have made a study of the native women of Africa, claim that the women's faces are mutilated into ugliness in Africa as a source of theft insurance, and that the present mutilation is in consequence of the former practice when the beauty of the women was marred in order to prevent them being captured by the slave traders. It is claimed that holes pierced in the lips of youth, are dilated through years, until old age, and that the wooden discs worn in the orifices were sometimes seven inches in diameter. Native dancers have been known to break open their heels in their vigorous stamping in the native dances. A recent writer states with reference to the disappearing Bushmen of South Africa that there are living today a far greater number of Bushmen than is generally supposed. They are entirely dependent for their living upon game, roots, berries and t'sama melons. The t'sama melon which grows in the desert is a small desert water melon, which springs up after the first thunder storm of summer, often constitutes the only water supply of the native. They have learned to extract the moisture from the melon, to eat the pulp, crack open the seeds and grind the kernels into meal. They often roast the seeds and a beverage is brewed therefrom, somewhat resembling coffee. The t'sama melons are most prolific, growing in patches covering many acres and producing millions of melons. They are unaffected by exposure for many months, and when hidden in the sand, as they are by the Bushmen, will remain in good condition for a very considerable time. The Bushmen belongs to some unknown prehistoric ages, and are physically inferior, and in mental development are thousands of years behind the rest of mankind. In the equatorial district of Africa there are forest pygmies, small, slight, round-headed folks, probably the earliest inhabitants of the country, who live in huts of trees and grass; do not work the field, but live on roots and berries and what game they can catch in traps or can secure with poisoned arrows and spears. African natives are blessed with an abnormally cheerful and care-free disposition. They enjoy the good things of today without worry as to what tomorrow may bring. Their laughter is easily provoked and their grief soon effaced. They have a folk lore which shows a charming familiarity between man and beast. Their stories resemble our own fairy tales, Jack the Giant Killer, and others. Most of the dark skinned people believe in one God, and many have embraced the white man's religion, though seldom does it become a part of their nature. The singing of hymns is what appeals most to the black man, for, as a rule, he has a good voice, a perfect ear, as well as that intense enjoyment of melody which is so apparent in our own native colored people. These natives are beset with superstitious fears, and the witch doctor and the sorceress continue to wield a wide and powerful influence. They believe that every death not due to war or old age is the work of some evil spirit. It is claimed that there are some 800 languages or dialects spoken among the many millions of negroes and negroids of Africa, only 130 of these languages having been reduced to writing. In many sections both the language and customs change with each fifty miles. Happily there is a basic strain or foundation so that an intelligent native can make himself understood in almost every section of the black man's continent. In one district in East Africa, in Inhambane, there are three principal tribes, speaking three languages. The entire scripture, a hymnal of 200 hymns, the Creed and all catechism were translated for all of these. These are but three of the 800 dialects and languages of Africa, of which only 130 have been reduced to writing. Largely because of missionary enterprises, supplemented by State grants in aid, native education in South Africa has been probably more extensive than any other territory in Africa except Basutoland and Sierra Leone—about one-fourth of the native population of school age attend school. The birth of twins was formerly considered a great misfortune and it was the custom to put them to death. By the efforts of the missionary and the teachers this has largely been discontinued. As late as 1921 a woman in Bechuanaland was convicted of killing her twins by boiling them in oil. The natives are now compelled by law to wear a certain amount of clothing when they appear in the towns, and as a result of education and contact with civilization, are assimulating in a steadily increasing degree the tastes of the white races. Natives are not content with plainer food, and his luxuries of ten years ago have become his present day necessities, for his standard of living continues to improve with the march of civilization. Indian corn, called maize, and by the natives in Africa, called "mealies" is the staple food of African natives, constituting about 90% of their food. In some places in Africa, it is possible to grow three crops in one year. In the Transvaal the medium of instruction up to the fourth standard is the home language (English or Dutch) of the pupil, but parents may request that the other language be gradually introduced as a second medium. Above the fourth standard both languages may be used at the parent's option, or as occasion allows. Bible history is taught in every school, but no doctrine or dogma peculiar to any religious denomination or sect may be taught. In August, 1927, the Governor General of Southwest Africa opened a new deep water wharf at Walvis Bay. It will accommodate ocean liners in 33 feet of water at the wharf. New cold storage works have been added which enable the export of beef to be handled with the maximum of efficiency. West Africa is not a health resort and long leave out of the country is advocated. Malaria with its concomitant, black water fever, is the largest factor in the health of the population. If the native population could be convinced that mosquitoes carry disease, the death rate would fall rapidly. It has been improved, as the death rate of the European officials has fallen from 20% per thousand in 1903 to 12% in 1924. In Southwest Africa large areas of the country are uncivilized, and it has been impossible to enumerate the natives. In particular, it has been difficult to estimate the number of Bushmen who still exist in considerable numbers in the country. The total length of the railroad lines in Southwest Africa is 1,018 miles of 3 ft. 6 in. gauge and 315 miles of 2 ft. gauge. There are 98 miles of private lines, most of which was constructed for the service of the diamond fields south of Luderitz. Certain territories were ceded by Germany and Turkey at the end of the war to the Allied and Associated Powers. These are now operated under mandates prescribed by the League, according to which the inhabitants of these territories are put under the tutelage of "advanced nations who by reasons of their resources, their experiences, or their geographical position, can best undertake this responsibility." These nations act as mandatories of the League on the principle that the well being and development of the people under their tutelage form a "sacred trust of civilization." {Number Fifteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE The former German colonies in Central and East Africa are administered under mandates which will "guarantee freedom of conscience or religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses, such as the slave trade, traffic in arms and liquor traffic." "Telepathy as practiced in West Africa attains reaches of sheer marvel that defy explaining. The most straightforward and common telepathy in the jungles has been witnessed by nearly every white traveler who has gone among the hidden towns where Africa's identity still survives: namely, the uncanny pre-warning of a visitor's approach relayed invisibly from one witch doctor to another." This is the story brought back from the Dark Continent by John W. Vandercook, writer and explorer, who during the past three years has made a careful study of Negro life in Africa, Haiti and South America. "Sometimes code drum beats convey news," he points out in Harper's. "On rare occasions, special messengers. Incontestably, however, many natives can deliberately convey by mental projection the most elaborate and minute details of an event of importance or of a person for whose arrival preparations are to be made. A witchdoctor 'sends' and another witchman five or thirty or a hundred miles away 'receives,' perhaps to send farther on. Explorers, and especially leaders of punitive expeditions have had innumerable proofs of this power. An African village is rarely surprised. The magicians admit the gift, see nothing extraordinary in it and, what is most intriguing, say it can be taught to any intelligent pupil * * * but never, of course, to a white man." "Those natives of Angola who have not come under the influence of the missionaries are very superstitious," says a recent traveler in that country. "They believe in an hereafter and in reincarnation and many believe in the transmigrations of souls. Many of the tribes will not eat the flesh of a lion, saying that the spirits of some of their ancestors might have migrated into its body. It is useless to argue with them on this point. They have also little wooden gods, painted red and white, through which they pray to the spirits of their forefathers. Before setting out on a hunting expedition they pray most fervently. Most of those with whom I have come in contact have been fairly friendly and decent. Some of them eat the flesh of dogs, which they consider a great delicacy. There are quite twenty different native tribes in Angola, each speaking a distinctly different language. I have been told by missionaries that some tribes have a sort of garbled account of the Tower of Babel, which they passed down long before the missionaries ever came to the country. The missionaries teach them Portuguese and their own languages, as well as building, carpentering, and so on. They are not allowed to carry or acquire firearms, their weapons for the hunt being spears and exceptionally large bows and arrows. They perform the most wonderful dances with drums beat ing and wearing all sorts of weird-looking masks—real works of art and enough to frighten any European children out of their wits." Southwest Africa prior to the 12th century was inhabited by wandering bodies of Bushmen who were driven from the territory by Hottentots and other tribes and frequent wars with each other and with Germany reduced the several native tribes from about 150,000 to near 35,000, of .which 10,000 were Bushmen, and 20,000 Hottentots. Colonization by Germany had never proven very successful in the territory, and the Union of South Africa formally accepted the mandate of the League of Nations to administer the Protectorate, which became an integral portion of the Union under the title of the "Territory of Southwest Africa." At the end of 1919 the white population was larger than at any previous date. This colony, which always showed a deficit was a losing proposition to Germany in many ways as the total cost prior to the war is said to have exceeded 50,000,000 pounds. German Southwest Africa, under the mandate of the Union of South Africa, is classed as a territory which "can be best administered under the laws of the mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards mentioned in the interest of the indigenous population." The soil of British Cameroons in the coast region is fertile. In Victoria, experiments are being made towards the cultivation of cloves, vanilla, ginger, pepper, and other products; there is an active trade in ivory and palm-oil; hardwood and ebony are abundant, and gold and iron have been found. There has been some agitation with reference to Germany regaining her colonies in Africa and elsewhere. It is claimed that prior to the war only 30,000 Germans chose to live in the colonies, whereas a great majority of their emigrants preferred the United States. In 1913 Germany imported from the colonies commodities to the value of 57,000,000 marks and exported to the colonies commodities to the value of 53,000,000 marks. This was only a small proportion of Germany's total foreign trade, which amounted to about 11,000,000,000 marks in imports and about an equal amount in exports. Within the limits of the Congo 150 languages are spoken, all related, but too distinct to be called dialects. Dress is scanty, but there is plenty of ornament. Hair dressing is an elaborate art. The dandy smears his body with camwood powder and oil, puts on a neck band of beads and completes his costume by thrusting a plug of stone through a hole in his upper lip. If he can secure a strip of European cloth in place of his own grass garment he is well dressed, indeed. The price of a wife in the Congo varies, but in most sections one should be able to buy a nice plump young wife for not more than ten cows. Recently one sold for ten garden hoes. Mrs. Stella Court Treatt, in her most excellent story, "Cape to Cairo," tells of finding a little fellow who had fallen foul of a cow while milking her. He had been treated by the native method of doctoring, which are primitive in extreme, and they had plastered up the wound with cow dung. After getting the little fellow cleaned up, she found he had a tremendous gash from Jh^ top cf his head to his chin, and she dressed the o. llSua] way and no doubt saved tho brave i ttl'e fellow's life. At another point near Mongalla, she reported that "the native's bodies were covered with scarifications, the designs of which are sometimes very intricate and beautiful. They have designs of flowers and great fronds of fern on their backs and chests. Some of them have markings right round their bodies in the form of corsets, and we saw how these markings were made. They cut the skin into the desired design, then wood ash is inserted and kept there until a scar is made. It is amazing that these people do not die of blood poisoning, for many of them during this process have horrible looking festering sores, and flies settle on them in masses. They do not trace the whole design at once, but do a few inches at a time, until the whole thing is completed. I must confess that the finished article is in some cases very effective." The population of French West Africa in 1921 in the colonies of Senegal, Mauretania, French Guinea, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, French Sudan, Upper Volta and Territory of the Niger was 12,283,216. Of this number 7,742 were French, other foreigners 1,908, and natives 12,273,566. "In Nigeria, the city of Kano, occupied by 60,000 people garbed in the flowing robes of Biblical times, is an immense beehive of picturesque mud houses and compounds. The city is enclosed by a mud wall twelve miles in circumference, and broken by some thirteen gates through which farmers drive their caravans of donkeys or of camels on the way to market, or through which the gaily caparisoned horses of the Emir gallop, bearing the Emir's messenger to the house of the Resident a mile or so away. At the gates of these walls, the blind, the beggars, and the lepers sit and beg for alms. Within the city, the visitor finds what is probably the largest market in Africa. Here one sees salt from Lake Tchad being exchanged for dates from Algeria. On one side of the street are the cheap trinkets of European merchantdom; on the other, are delicately made native earthen ware and highly dyed native cloth. In the dry season, naked youths carry pigskins full of water into the city, drawn from wells several miles away, to quench the thirst of the Kano inhabitants. At the market hundreds of cattle and sheep are bought and sold; and native butchers do a Nourishing trade, despite the thousands of flies which swarm over the carcasses! For some unknown reason, Arab traders have been allowed to establish themselves within the city walls. No European, however, whether officials, missionaries or traders can live within the city. Along with Syrians and 'stranger' natives they must live outside in the European reservation, where they are administered by a European magistrate." British West Africa, including Nigeria, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone, has a population of 22,500,461, with imports of $24,632,700 and exports of $28,348,711. British East Africa, exclusive of Zanzibar, including Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika, has a population of 9,875,451, with imports of $13,144,534 and exports of $10,829,723. The Belgian Congo is one of the richest provinces of Africa, and is being developed very rapidly. Its mineral deposits constitute one of its greatest sources of wealth, and the "Union Miniere" is the fifth largest producer of copper in the world. In the Katanga district the copper bearing belt is from 25 to 50 miles wide and 250 miles long. The mines in 1912 produced only 2,492 tons of copper, but in 1925 they produced 89,323 tons. In the year 1920, the 12,000 natives working in the mines produced 19,000 tons of copper, but owing to the improved methods that have been installed, 14,000 natives produced over 89,000 tons in 1925. The world's consumption of cocoa or chocolate in 1926 was computed at 482,000 tons. The Gold Coast of Africa produced 230,000 tons or almost one-half the total, while Nigeria contributed 37,000 tons and Trinidad Island 30,000 tons. In 1882 the export of cocoa from the Gold Coast was valued at $20. Today it is valued at $15,000,000. The British Government has made a beginning of destroying the insect dangers in Sierra Leone, and the Gold Coast. That means all Africa can be made healthy in time. The Gold Coast exported cocoa, the staple product of the country, in 1927, £9,181,235, and in 1926 exported diamonds amounting to £362,833, as compared with £98,760 in 1925. Two companies, the African Selection Trust and the West African Diamond Syndicate, are the main producers, both working in the Birim Valley, the only locality in which up-to-date diamonds have been found in any quantity. The diamonds are very small —about 26 to the carat—but find a ready market. Among other articles exported were rubber £53,473; raw gold, £850,042; manganese ore, £684,852 and mahogany, £213,928. Nigeria exported 10,558 tons of tin in 1926. The seals caught in African waters are brown, the skins being considered as among the finest found in the sea. Each seal is reputed to eat its own weight in fish every day. Lobito Bay, the port of Angola, Portuguese West Africa, is called the "Great West Gate to Central Africa." It is 4,889 miles from Lobito Bay to Southampton; 5,987 miles from Capetown to Southampton, and 7,576 miles from Beira to Southampton. With the construction of the Benguella Railway the development of Angola is rapidly proceeding. This railroad extends from Lobito Bay to the Angola-Belgian Congo border, a distance of over 800 miles, and marks the dawn of a new epoch in the history of Africa, which will be realized when the junction with Tshilongo and Elisabethville is established. This extension is to be completed by 1930. The Benguella Railway will provide an economic outlet to the sea for the copper mines of Katanga, and will also play a vital part in the development of Angola, the Belgian Congo and British possessions in Central Africa. Lobito Bay will become the great harbor for their enterprises, and will considerably reduce the cost of transport of their produce to the world's markets, both by land and sea. Over 15,000 miles of good motor roads have been built in the districts served by the line. {Number Sixteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE A recent expedition which crossed French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa discovered as they were on their way from Lake Chad to Zinder, that all the country surrounding Zinder still conserves very vividly the customs of the ancient Orient, and one finds there as an instance, in the house of Sultan Bar- mou, harems like those in the story of a Thousand and One Nights. Certain state costumes, authentic coats of mail, are still worn by the horsemen in the black Sultan's escort. They also discovered astonishing specimens of primitive life among the natives, wonderful African fauna, birds streaked with several colors, herons in the fields, giraffes in the woods and panthers in the bush. They hunted the antelope, the lion, the hippopotamus and the elephant. As the expedition entered the Belgian territory they found inextricable tropical creepers and giant trees of the forest, as well as the densest thickets, which were the refuge of myriads of monkeys and the home of the most primitive of men still existing. These were pygmies who do not measure more than fifty inches in height—miserable, timid creatures who hardly know how to make a fire, who live in a constant semi-darkness, and in a perpeutal fear of the wild animals and of men who are stronger than themselves. They also discovered that the African elephants, who have not yet been domesticated since the Carthagianans, have not resisted the Belgian influence, for at the training school at Api, they found they were gradually winning over the colossal strength of these intelligent animals for the purpose of breaking up the land for the agricultural work of the Belgian Congo. The Portuguese Colony of Angola on the West Coast of Africa has up to now been little frequented by the hunter after big game. To the uninitiated this must seem remarkable when it is known that elephant, hippo, rhino, eland, bush buck, roan reed buck, klipspringer, oribi, water buck and that coveted trophy, the Giant Sable, to mention only a few, are to be found in vast numbers in the country. There are lions, leopards and other carnivorous beasts for those who find a special pleasure in shooting animals whose instincts have a spice of ferocity and destructiveness, and make them capable of retaliation in no mean fashion should an error of judgment, lack of nerve, or failure of marksmanship overtake the hunter at the critical moment. A visit of far-reaching importance was made to the Gold Coast by Professor Diedrich Westermann in 1926. Hitherto the various vernacular languages have been reduced to writing by the efforts of various unconnected missionary bodies. Each has used its own system of orthography, and published its own text books, from which its own pupils have been taught, with the result that Africans of different tribes who can converse fluently with each other are often quite unable to communicate in writing except through the medium of English. Professor Westermann, on account of his acknowledged pre-eminence as a scholar of Gold Coast languages, was invited by Government to undertake the production of a script which would be common to all languages and dialects without unduly differing from the scripts already in use. This difficult task, in which the local Missions united in giving enthusiastic support, has, it is believed, been successfully accomplished, such opposition as existed having generously yielded to the demands of the public interest. Nana Amoah III, ruler of 30,000 African negroes, recently came to the United States to spend several weeks, traveling through the North and South, his aim being to secure first-hand information about the industrial and social life of negroes in America. The Chief says that it is his desire to bring about a closer understanding between the negroes of the two continents. He hopes to familiarize Americans, both black and white, with the customs and the needs of the Fantis, his people. The Fantis constitute one of the tribes inhabiting that rich and historically picturesque corner of the world known as the Gold Coast. Though the land and its inhabitants are under the suzerainty of Great Britain the natives have been left free to rule themselves after their own fashion, matters of taxes, laws and education alone receiving outside direction. They are a peace-loving and somewhat poetic people. Originally the Fantis came from the north and working their way toward the sea, conquered the inhabitants of the coast. They have forgotten their old war-like ways. We frequently hear of the native "wireless" methods of communications, and in speaking of it, Amoah said, "They are carried through the air—over mountains, across lakes and rivers, through the jungles—by beating of drums." There is, it seems, "a language of the drums," a native African equivalent of the Morse code, beaten out on small drums and large drums—some as high as a man that boom into the stillness of the bush. Telegraphic drumming is an art and a profession in Africa. Messages carry from twenty to thirty miles, are picked up by the sharp ears of a sentinel and relayed to the next station. In this manner news spreads as fast as sound can travel. Chief Nana Amoah is a Christian and was educated in the Wesleyan College. He is widely traveled and has spent many years in England, where his two daughters are now in school. Nana Amoah is 49 years old and has four children. The estimated number of children of school age in the Gold Coast colony is 300,000. Only about 35,000 are getting any education. It is said that although the educated natives do not constitute more than half the population of even the coast cities, they dominate the thought and action of their people. Like Nana Amoah III, those Africans who have come in contact with European culture speak English with a British accent. Like him, they look to America for inspiration and assistance in the completion of their struggle for self- development. Belgian Congo is one of the richest of African provinces. It has a coast line of only 25 miles, but the interior is a vast inland territory. Naturally, the bulk of the import and export trade is with the home country. There are forests which are very dense and the lands teem with animal and insect life. The plains have been built up by the decay of ages of vegetable life. In the forest grow the climbing shrubbery which yields the African variety of Indian rubber, mahogany, ebony, teak, lignum vitae, red wood, palm, camwood, bamboo and resin yielding trees. The chief industry is copper mining in Katanga, where the copper bearing belt is 250 miles long and from 25 to 50 miles wide. The output in 1925 was 89,323 metric tons. The reserves are estimated at 40 million tons. In this district there is a large deposit of pitchblencl ore, from which the factory, at Oolen, Belgium, products about four grams of radium a month. Belgium carries the diamond and gold products of the Congo by airplane to Brussels. The gold mines in 1924 employed 18,500 natives, the output being 3,664 kilos. The Kasai Basin in the Belgian Congo produced 393,- 379 carats of diamonds in 1924, and 502,226 carats in 1923. There are 150 diamond cutting plants in Antwerp, Belgium, where the industry gives employment to a large number of skilled employees. In the last 20 years, there has been a remarkable growth in the exports of the Gold Coast. It has doubled every seven years. Last year its total export was nearly $100,000,000 in value as compared with $10,- 000,000 in the period 1897-1905. In the Gold Coast country of Africa, the medium of currency for small purchases is still cowries, or money made of shells. The natives are inclined to melt down the silver and nickel coins for ornaments. The Colony of Sierra Leone originated in the sale and cession in 1788 by a native King to English settlers, of a piece of land intended as a home for natives of Africa who were waifs in London; and later it was used as a settlement for Africans rescued from slave- ships. The chief articles of import are cotton goods, spirits, hardware and tobacco; the chief articles of export are palm kernals, kola nuts, palm oil and ginger. The resources of French Equatorial Africa are quite undeveloped. There are about 30,000 square miles of tropical forest extending to the Gabon coast, containing many species of industrial value. Wild caoutchouc is the most important export, 1,434 tons in 1921. Palm oil is also produced to some extent 5,345 tons were exported in 1921. Coffee is also cultivated. In the Chad Colony large numbers of cattle, sheep, asses, camels, horses and ostriches are raised, but there are no facilities for export. At the beginning of 1922, there were calculated to be 712,468 head of cattle in Chad. Copper, zinc and lead are found. The president and the House of Representatives of Liberia are elected for four years, and the Senate for six years. The natives of the country are not excluded from the franchise, but except in the centers of civilization, they take no part in political life. The official language of the Government is English. Liberia has about 350 miles of coast line extending from the British colony of Sierra Leone on the West to the French Colony of the Ivory Coast on the east, and it stretches in land to a distance, in some places of 200 miles. Liberia is not only the only negro Republic in Africa, but except for Haiti, it is the only negro Republic in the world. One of its leading tribes, the Vai, are apparently the only people in Africa who have developed a written language without European aid. Within the coastal area, the descendants of the Amer- ican-Liberians who founded the country, now live. It is estimated that through the efforts of the American Colonization Society, 18,858 negroes before the Civil War emigrated from the United States to Liberia. During the first fifty years of its existence, the American Colonization Society expended $2,141,307. Of those settled by the Society, 4,541 were born free; 344 purchased their freedom; 5,967 were emancipated to go to Liberia; 1,227 were settled by the Maryland Society; 5,722 were recaptured Africans settled by the United States Government. Their descendants number according to most estimates 10,000 to 12,000. Altogether there are between 50,000 and 60,000 people living along the coast who, as a result of the settlement of the American-Liberians have become civilized. The Americo-Liberians are all Protestant (Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist or Methodist). There are several American missions at work and one French Roman Catholic. The Government educational system is supplemented by mission schools, instruction being given both to American and native negroes. The Government has 22 schools with 700 pupils, and the missions 67 schools with 3,200 pupils. The Methodist Episcopalians have a college at Monrovia, as also have the African Methodist Episcopalians. The Protestant .Episcopalians have a college at Cape Palmas. The Government has a college with (1925) 3 professors and 139 students. A criminal code was enacted in 1900; the customs laws were codified in 1907. The agricultural, mining and industrial development of Liberia has scarcely begun. The soil is productive, but cultivation is neglected, cocoa and cotton are produced in small quantities only, and indigenous coffee is the staple product. Piassava fibre, prepared from the raphia palm, palm oil and palm kernels, kola nuts, chillies, beni seed, coffee, anatto seed and rice are also produced. Beeswax is collected and gumcopal is found but is not collected. In the forest there are rubber vines and trees of 22 species. Iron is worked by the natives. Gold in small quantities, tin, copper, zinc, monazite, corundum, lead, bitumen or lignite, and diamonds have been at different times found in the interior, but not as yet in payable form or abundance. There are no railways or vehicular means of transport in Liberia, except motor and oxcarts. There are (1925) three motor roads from Monrovia towards the interior. The river St. Paul is navigable for 25 miles from the sea northwards, and various Liberians maintain steam launches thereon. The Liberian Government has a revenue cutter. There is direct cable communication with Europe and New York. Of the two wireless stations at Monrovia, only one is in operation. The Liberian Republic, which is three times the size of Holland, had its origin in the effort of several colonization societies of Europe and America io make permanent provisions for freed American slaves. Its constitution is on the model of that of the United States with trifling exceptions. Its proper name is the "Free and Independent Republic of Liberia." The President must be at least 35 years of age, and have real property to the value of $600.00. Electors must be of negro blood and owners of land. The number of American Liberians is estimated at about 20,000, but the entire population, about 2% million people, are all of the African race. There is a British negro colony of about 500 and there are about 200 Europeans. Negro Methodists from America, planning a Negro Republic in Africa (now Liberia), organized a Methodist society on board the first pilgrim ship. That was in 1820. {Number Seventeen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE "The first attempt on a large scale to grow rubber for American use, has been successfully launched in the jungles of Liberia," says the "New York Times" of December 19, 1926. "White engineers and black laborers are building roads, clearing away masses of jungle growth, selecting seeds, planting seedlings and introducing a new phase of life in this primitive part of Africa, a few degrees above the equator. Recently the Liberian legislature ratified the agreement whereby the Firestone Rubber interests were to lease 1,000,000 acres of land for rubber growing, but this was largely a formality. The new rubber empire is already a fact. Thousands of trees have been planted and will yield five years hence. This year 100,000 pounds of rubber were obtained monthly from a plantation established by British interests, and now the nucleus of greater development. Ultimate production upon the 1,000,000 acres is expected to accomplish 250,000 tons a year, more than one-half of the present American consumption. The hand of civilization has at last touched Liberia, a country without railroads, and without roads. For a thousand miles in either direction along the coast, there is no worth while road. Occasionally a tramp steamer creeps in through the glassy swells, and let go her anchor with a rattle of chains to rouse Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Otherwise, Liberia remains much as it was in the beginning, remote from the world of today, an Empire awaiting its builder. Of the world's supply, America consumes about three- fourths of the world's production of rubber. Not so many years ago Brazil furnished most of the world's supply of rubber, but today it is of no importance in the rubber market. For the present the plan calls for gradual development of the rubber industry in Liberia as five plantations of 10,000 acres or more will be the first unit. Other acreages will be added as needed. Two thousand acres of bearing trees are on a plantation not far from Monrovia, set out by the British in 1910, but abandoned during the war and restored to the government. When the new interests took over this plantation, the jungle had again grown up around the rubber trees, but the trees were in fine condition, actually yielding more rubber than cultivated trees in the East. An average yield of 500 pounds to the acre is expected, and careful planting in the future and selection of seeds are expected to give some acres yielding 1,000 pounds or more. The character of the Liberian native is looked upon as one of the guarantees of success, 5,000 being now employed and reported as more dependable than Asiatic labor. While the possibility is far in the future, it is possible that 300,000 will be needed to cultivate the full grant of land. Experience and observation have shown the soil and rainfall of Liberia exactly suited to the cultivation of rubber. The country lies between four and six degrees North latitude, and extends inland some 200 miles. It has four important rivers, rugged mountain ranges, a broad upland plateau and dense forests. The size of the country is about the same area as the State of Ohio. There were no worth while roads in the country, but 40 miles of modern highway have been built and engineers are planning others to link the plantations together, and provide access to Monrovia from the interior. The waterway will be the principal means of transport for supplies. Plantations so far established lie within reach of the rivers. There are 100 Americans on the job, and others are going and almost every requirement of the white man's life must be provided for them and as the water was understood to be unsuited for drinking, it has to be boiled or mineral water brought from Europe. A force of well drillers with electrical dynamos and motors are sinking wells on the several plantations so before long an adequate supply of pure water will be available. The Americans regard Liberia as not an unhealthful country, and although it is close to the equator, has a moderate heat and little fever. Ice machines, laundry equipment, pumping apparatus, saw mill equipment, road machinery, rock crushers, 60 automobiles and trucks and a well equipped commissary supply the white men with the necessities in the black man's country." Mr. Firestone has made three agreements with the Liberian Government: First: He acquires the lease of the Mt. Barclay, Ltd., rubber plantation of 2,000 acres of bearing rubber trees, which was abandoned by this British Corporation during the World War, as they did not wish to pay the 12 cents per pound rubber tax. His lease for this plantation is for 99 years, and he pays $1.00 an acre rent for the first year and $6,000.00 annually for the entire plantation thereafter during the term of the lease. Second: He leases for 99 years 1,000,000 acres of land suitable for rubber production which he will select in any section of Liberia, that he deems best. All products of the plantation, as well as machinery is exempt from custom duty and internal tax with the exception of the revenue tax on rubber exports. Third: Mr. Firestone agrees within five years to construct docks and keep in repair the harbor of Monrovia—in return the Liberian Government agrees to pay Mr. Firestone a sum not to exceed $300,000.00 aside from the cost of the repairs. The opening of this door to Africa through Liberia is expected to make Liberia one of the most important spots in Africa, its thousands of unemployed natives will be given work and its people benefit by the new development in agriculture and the modern methods to be installed by the Firestone interests. The world's production of rubber in the year 1926 was 625,000 long tons. The world's consumption of rubber was 542,000 long tons of which Americans consumed about 366,000 long tons. The Yale University School of Forestry has begun an extensive study of the various types of wood found in the virgin forests of Liberia, specimens of which are being used in the school, from the Firestone Company's rubber plantation in Liberia. As trees are cut down in the tangled jungles to make way for the rubber industry, specimens of vegetation^ including barks, leaves, flowers and fruits, as well as the wood itself, which hitherto has been unknown to American industry will be sent to the Yale Laboratory. Yale's active interests in the tropical forests date back to 1916, when a tropical department was established in the School of Forestry. Its purpose has been to assist the tropical countries in the utilization and conversion of their natural resources, and also to provide information regarding the timbers available for use in this country. More than 11,000 tropical wood samples are housed in the school for study, and eventually, it is proposed to bring specimens of every known wood in the world to the University for observation. Owing to the depletion of our own forests, it is important to know which of these woods are suited for various purposes, and which are not. The exhibits to be sent from Liberia will contain specimens of the trunk, the foliage of various trees as they appear in life, and photographs, illustrating their growth, maps showing their distribution and monographs containing the most important data regarding their growth, their properties and their use. "South Africa is in truth, 'The Land of Blood.' Full of beauty; full of grandeur; full of unsurpassing interest; full of animal, mineral and botanical wealth, its soil is blood-stained throughout. Wild men in their millions, creatures of beauty to the physiologist, models to the artist, and to the sculptor; physically perfect, have flown at each other's throats to the extermination of their races, which, but for their prolificness would long ago have depopulated the millions of acres of the country. The gorgeous flora, more numerous far in species, than of any other country of our globe, has been manured with blood. The innumerable liliaceous plants, springing up everywhere with their glorious blooms of blue, scarlet, pink, lavender, crimson, yellow, brown, white, every conceivable hue, in fact, have times out of mind, had their resplendent masses of color stained with it, "and all the wealth of the composite, labiate and geraniaceous plants have grown up from its putrescence. The rivers have run with it, and the plains reeked with it; Nature red with tooth and claw, has put on her most ferocious aspect in this, the real distressful country. The country was saved by the advent of the white man, and but for his coming the natives would have been reduced to two surviving warriors, fighting in the midst of the great plains for the lordship over five million square miles of depopulated country. Dassen Islands, about 30 islands in all, lie about 40 miles up the west coast from Capetown. They are called the Government Guano Islands. Thousands of penguins inhabit the islands. The African Penguin is called by the natives the "laughing jackass," on account of its peculiar bray or call. From the islands about 600,000 eggs are collected each season and sold upon the mainland. They are sold for a "tickie" each (three pence). They are about the size of a duck egg} have a very strong fish flavor and require 20 to 25 minutes to cook, and are seldom eaten by the white folks, but are important to the natives. About 1,000 tons of fertilizer is gathered and sold for $60.00 a ton. It is one of the strongest fertilizers known. At times the wind blows for a quite a time at Capetown. It is called the Cape Doctor, as it blows away to the sea the bad smells as well as blows the dust from the streets. They last sometimes as long as three weeks. In 1814 Simon's Town became, and since has remained the English naval base, the most important strategic naval base of the Southern Hemisphere. The bay is well sheltered and affords protection during the severest weather. When the Dutch settled South Africa, land was so plentiful that their farms were large and the old measurements were made by the time required to ride around it at the rate of about six miles per hour. A rider would ride a half an hour in each direction so as to describe a square supposed to measure a little more than three miles each, thus apportioning about ten square miles to a farm. A natural tendency to use the whip and spur was met by a prospective tax on excess land, a deterent that was fairly effective. One good requirement was that a settler must plant a certain number of trees in proportion to his land holdings and you will observe some of these large groves of trees as you drive around Capetown. The Common Law of the Union of South Africa is the Roman-Dutch Law, that is, the uncodified law of Holland, as it was at the date of the cession of the Cape in 1806. The sources of the law are the Dutch Commentaries and text books of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries. The Law of England as such is not recognized as authoritative though by Statute the principles of English Law relating to mercantile matters, e.g., companies, patents, trade marks, insolvency and the like, have been introduced. In shipping, insurance and other modern business developments English Law is followed, and it has also largely influenced civil and criminal procedure. In all other matters, family relations, property, succession, contract, etc., Roman-Dutch Law rules, English decisions being valued only so far as they agree therewith. The prerogatives of the Crown, are, generally speaking, the same as in England. The great source of labor supplied within the Union of South Africa is the Bantu race. In the last available census they number about 5,000,000, all other colored races including half-casts and about 200,000 Asiatics being under 700,000. The Kaffir is generally speaking a happy irresponsible child of nature, one who looks not beyond today and trusts to Providence in all things. Suffice to say, the Kaffir when unspoiled by "Cape Smoke" or liquor, is one of the happiest creatures under the sun. Polygamy is a recognized institution among the Bantu, but it is the exception. In 1911, of 607,762 married males, no less than 516,607 had only one wife. 69,846 had two and 14,538 had three. The greatest number of wives belonging to one man recorded is 46. Mixed marriages between white and colored are regarded with disfavor in South Africa, but there were 79 in 1922. In Capetown the European death rate is 10.15, other death rates 28.81, while the birth rate is, European 21.22, colored, 55.28. Figure the white and black population of 1950 at these rates. The City Hall of Capetown contains as its most striking feature the grand hall which is 130 feet long, 61 feet wide and 55 feet high and contains a four manual organ, the best south of the equator. The hall has a seating accommodation for 2,000 persons, and the orchestra platform will seat about 400, while the gallery at the other end of the hall provides seating for a like number. The city mace is very artistic and beautiful, but has also its historic association, as a piece of wood for the staff was from Lord Nelson's battleship, "The Victory." {Number Eighteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Bloemfontein is veritably a city of the "great open United States. The increase over 1924 was more than spaces." It is the metropolis of the Veldt—that vast $2,000,000.00 and a further increase was predicted for treeless plateau where Hottentot flock-boys tend sheep the year 1926 of ten per cent. In 1925 South Africa and scattered Dutch settlers speak a strange language exported to the United States goods amounting to more of their own. Politically Bloemfontein is the capital than $10,000,000.00—the increase over the previous year of the Orange Free State and historically it is filled being almost $4,000,000.00. The United States provides with memories of Kruger and Roberts and Milner. the largest ultimate market for South African diamonds Here the South African Union was worked out in 1909. and is one of the most important factors in the mar- ket for £rol d " In Pretoria you may visit the Dutch Reformed Church where President Paul Kruger preached regu- A recent article from Port Elizabeth in regards a visit larly during his lifetime. Here also is to be seen the to the snake farm furnished the information that the old Government Building, the Raadsaal, where Presi- venom of the deadly puff adder in dilution has been dent Kruger, and his executive council decided to send injected into the epileptic with most beneficial results. the ultimatum to Great Britain which resulted in the ManY doctors in different parts of South Africa are Boer War. ' using that diluted poison. Bloemfontein, the progressive capital of the Orange The whaling industry was commenced at Durban in Free State Province, with an area in the city of 3160, 1908. From that year to and including 1924, 13,428 and a commonage of 18,000 acres, has tried an experi- whales were captured. One Thousand and thirty-eight ment with reference to the segregation and location of was the number in 1924, when fifteen boats were oper- the natives. In the city all lands between the Durban ating and 6,119 tons of oil were produced. The proline and the Cape line have been reserved as a native duction in that year in oil, fertilizer, boiled bone, etc., area. There location houses have been provided for was valued at about $1,000,000. The industry is regu- 15,000 people, the plots measuring 50x75 feet, the plans lated hY the Provincial Government as indiscriminate supplied by the Council. Materials to build these houses slaughter was driving the whales away from South were purchased by wholesale and advanced on loans African waters. to the natives who supplied the labor under the Coun- A diamond i>s a precious stone or gem excelling in cil's supervision. These homes were built out of what brimancy and beautiful play of prismic colors, and re- is called Kimberley brick, made of mud and straw markabIe for extreme hardness. It is found in many about 12 inches long, 4 inches wide and 4 inches thick, hues—green, rose, straw, yellow, etc., but the straw- Public baths, recreation grounds, such as football and col0red is the most common. The diamond is a native tennis courts, as well as vegetable gardens, have been carbon, occurring in isometric crystals, often octahed- supplied to the black man. There is a fine community rons> with r0Unded edges. It is the hardest substance hall built by the natives and a moving picture theatre known. Diamonds are said to be of the first water seating 600, as well as a free dispensary, a disinfect- wben very transparent, and of the second and third ing station and numerous schools. The development and water as the transparency decreases. After being success of this commendatory action will be of much mooted for several years, an Act of Parliament to es- interest to all concerned. With reference to the char- tablish the diamond cutting industry in South Africa acter of the moving pictures shown at the Bioscope, the was passed in 1919, without appreciable result. The writer was informed that these were especially selected, promise of an effective measure was one of the planks as it was not considered wise for the negro to see all of the Nationalist platform in 1924, to which effect of the trash that the white people see on the screen. may be given in the future. "The Rand Daily Mail" of Johannesburg on March 6, Since 1903 the iargest year of the diamond output in 1926, states as follows: the Transvaal was 1913 when 2,156,897 carats consti- "South African trade during 1925 in round figures tuted the output, valued at £2,726,663. In 1926, the amounted to $46,000,000.00 to the manufacturers of the output was 1,698,534 carats, valued at £4,487,921. GREAT DIAMONDS OF THE EARTH Name Carats Uncut Carats Cut Possessor Cullinan 3025 825 King George V. Rajah of Mattan 787 367 Rajah of Mattan (Borneo). Braganza 1680 uncut Among Portuguese Royal Jewels. Koh-i-noor 186 106 Royal Family of England. Porter Rhodes 150 ... , Found in South Africa. Star of the South 254 127 Gaekwar of Baroda, India. Pitt, or Regent 410 137 King of Prussia. Light Yellow 288 ... Stewart Diamond. The Star of South Africa 83 ... Countess of Dudley. Kimberley is the city of diamonds—for half a century the chief source of the world's supply. The "Big Hole"—a crater half a mile wide—yawns in the middle of the town. All around are compounds where the Kaffir laborers are confined—vast enclosures, surrounded by entanglements of barbed wire that are illuminated by searchlights and patrolled by armed guards. There thousands of laborers represent every tribe from the Cape to the Congo, and their dances and music are of primitive Africa. Kimberley is the sunniest town of any importance in the world, its total yearly possible sunshine being 78% against 56 % for New York. FAMOUS AFRICAN DIAMONDS The famous Cullinan diamond, the largest diamond ever found, was found on January 26, 1905, at the Premier Mine in the Transvaal, Africa. In September, 1917, a diamond weighing 442 carats was found in Du Toits Pan Mine, in Griqualand West, Africa. In January, 1919, a diamond weighing 388 carats was found in the Jagersfontein and Kollyfontein mines in the Orange Free State, Africa. The Porter-Rhodes diamond was found near the center of the Kimberley Diamond Mine. The largest stone found in the De Beers Mine was an imperfect diamond of 503 carats found in June, 1896, but the best diamond from than mine weighed 428 carats and cut to 228 carats. The "Star of the South" was found in Brazil and sold for $400,000.00 to the Gaekwar of Baroda, India. The Premier Diamond Mines situated about 30 miles east of Pretoria is one of the largest diamond mine ventures in South Africa. The system of open working by levels is followed here and will probably be continued. The present depth is about 300 feet. Over 10,000,000 loads of dirt removed during 1913 only lowered the surface 30 feet. The walls are practically perpendicular. It was in this mine on January 26, 1905, that the largest white diamond ever found, the Cullinan, was discovered. This diamond in the rough weighed 3,025 carats, or about 1% pounds, measuring 4 inches long, 2 inches wide and 2V2 inches thick. Of the De Beers, 2,700 white employees, over 1,300 men enlisted in the late war and received half-pay from the company. The diamond fields were first called "Voornitzigt" for the farm upon Voornitzigt, which diamonds were first found and signified "New Rush." Eventually the fields were called Kimberley after Lord Kimberley. The Voornitzigt estate was purchased from De Beers for $30,000.00 and was sold to the Colonial Government for $500,000.00. Although South Africa is the world's greatest producer of diamonds, much of the actual cutting and polishing of the stone has been in the hands of experts in Amsterdam and Antwerp. For sometime there has been a determination on the part of the South African Government to establish a diamond cutting industry in Africa. It is their opinion that such a profitable industry should be carried on in the same country where the diamonds were produced, although experts argue that diamond cutting and polishing was a traditional trade, and naturally belonged to Holland. Negotiations, however, with a large diamond syndicate in Holland were had, looking toward the establishment of such an industry at Kimberley. It is understood, however, that a large company has been formed in London preparatory to establishing at Kimberley, a large diamond cutting and polishing industry. This company, in which the largest producers of diamonds in Africa—the De Beers Consolidated Diamond Company, Ltd.—is interested, proposes to carry on its business under the diamond laws as amended by recent legislation in South Africa. It is proposed, however, to cut only a portion of the stones in Kimberley, as it is not desirous to kill the diamond cutting business and close down the mills at Antwerp and Amsterdam. It is intimated that the new industry will mean prosperity to Kimberley, and while the organization will start with fifty mills, for which they will import highly skilled workmen, who will engage apprentices to be trained in Africa, it is estimated that eventually $1,- 000,000 a year will be paid in salaries. A section of the factory will be used for experimental work, where experimenting in polishing various classes of diamonds, irrespective of size or quality, can be carried on, so as to prove which quality can be profitably worked on. The National Jewelers Publicity Association is authority for the statement that Americans spend many millions of dollars for diamonds every year, and buy three-fourths of all the finest stones annually taken from the great South African diamond mines. The diamond in the rough is usually a very homely object, and looks like a small piece of soda. Only by highly skilled and laborious cutting are its glorious colors and brilliancy revealed, and diamond cutting, as it is practiced today, is an extremely modern and chiefly an American invention. It was not until the year 1456 that the hidden beauty of the diamond was discovered. A Belgian named Ludwig Van Berquem found that by rubbing the stone with a composition of diamond dust and oil, it could be cut and polished into some forms to reflect the light in a sublime manner. It was two centuries later, however, before the brilliant cut was discovered—that cut which gives the stone 58 facets, or separate little angles bringing out its full light and purity. Previous to 1728 when diamonds were first discovered in Brazil, nearly all of them had come from India. In the latter half of the 19th century, when the Brazilian mines were beginning to show the strain of overwork, came the news of a surprising diamond discovery in South Africa. E.ach wagon load of blue clay or diamondiferous ore containing twenty cubic feet, averages just one quarter carat of diamond, and that may, or may not be, a good color. The stones vary enormously in grade, in purity and color, but they must come within a certain standard in order to be selected for jewelry purposes, otherwise they are destined for drill points and used mechanically, where hardness alone is the essential quality. Fine white diamonds, free from flaws are extremely rare. Even rarer are flawless blue diamonds, so much like sapphires that only their hardness and specific gravity distinguishes them. In spite of the limited content of each wagon load, over 38,000,000 carats of diamonds have been recovered from the South African mines in the space of sixteen years. During some 200 years the Brazilian mines produced only 13,000,000 carats. Diamond stealing in Africa is heavily punished, as a workman caught with a diamond outside the mine is sent to break rocks in Capetown for seven years. {Number Nineteen] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Holland has developed a very large diamond cutting industry and many of the diamonds, especially the smaller stones which require infinite pains, are sent there. Others, including the finest quality stones, are shipped directly to New York, which has also become a big diamond cutting center. An American invention of the diamond saw enables one workman to do the work of twenty or more and turn out a more perfect product. This marvelous little tool measures but one-thousandth of an inch in thickness and is turned at a speed of 6,000 revolutions to the minute, but even such an amazing device as this can cut through only a single carat of diamond in a day. Formerly a diamond could be cut only by splitting it along its line of cleavage, while the saw cuts its way through the stone at any angle. There is a dramatic element ever present in the process. As the saw, whirling at bewildering speed, slowly cuts its way through the diamond, it sounds a characteristic humming note which the expert learns to recognize. If the saw should strike a flaw in the gem, this note changes ever so slightly, sounding a note of warning. Let the saw continue for a slight fraction of an inch, and that particular stone will never get into a lady's ring or necklace. Each diamond is the object of separate study and analysis to determine the nature of its latent beauty. The larger stones are often cast in solder and the proposed lines of cutting marked on the model, which is kept for future references. The brilliancy of the finished gem depends, of course, upon the relation of the facets and the amount of refraction. Sometimes it is necessary to sacrifice a large portion of the stone in order to place the facets to best advantage and bring out its maximum brilliancy. The earliest gems were cut or polished by the simple expedient of rubbing two surfaces together. The polishing is now done by holding the diamond against a horizontal surface, revolving at high speed. The actual cutting is done by diamond dust applied to a metal disk. Here again American ingenuity has greatly improved upon the methods of the past. It is the practice to place the diamond in an arm called in the trade a "tong," which holds it firmly against the polishing surface. When a new facet is to be polished the workman judges the angle of the facets by his eye and adjusts the stone accordingly. Still another American invention reduces the polishing of the face facets to an exact science. The "tong" is now constructed so that the facet of the diamond is determined with mathematical accuracy. When one of these brilliant little facets has been polished the workman turns the diamond in the clutch of the tong by means of a gauge, which fixes the angle of the new facet. No matter how experienced the diamond cutter may be, his eye proves less accurate than this instrument, so that the new practice eliminates the element of chance—always costly. The diamond is a very tricky bit of raw material to handle. Although so hard and generally indestructible, the mistake of a single stroke in cleaving the stone may shatter it to pieces. Any diamond in the rough is full of imperfections, with only certain parts clear and the skill comes in saving as much of the stone as possible. The discovery of the famed Cullinan diamond presented the greatest problem in diamond cutting the world had ever known. Up till that time, the largest stone found had weighed 971 carats. It was decided to cut the Cullinan into several stones, one very large and others of various sizes. Accordingly it was sent to Holland and a certain old cleaver of special reputation was selected to cleave it. The preliminary slits were made, and at length the day came when the cleaver was to do the job. A doctor and two nurses were on hand, so great was the strain on this poor man. Just a little rap in the wrong place and the whole stone might splinter in his hands, like ice, but as it turned out, it was very skillfully done, and a whole colony of little Cullinans was the result. The great parent stone was presented to King Edward VII, while the others were sold in various quarters—some of them to Americans. EXPORTS OF SOUTH AFRICAN PRODUCTS DURING 1926 Articles Value Gold: Union of South Africa £32,559,637 Gold: Rhodesia 1,925,158 Specie 10,143,873 Diamonds 12,597,050 Other Articles 27,650,030 Imported Goods ex-exported 877,220 Totals £85,752,968 The following table shows the approximate gold output of the world during 1926: Country Fine Ozs. Transvaal 9,962,852 Southern Rhodesia 593,429 Rest of Africa 390,000 Australia and New Zealand.. 635,006 Canada 1,748,364 Mysore and British India 383,952 United States 2,288,089 Mexico 772,661 Other Countries 2,700,000 Percentage of Total 51.2 3.0 2.0 3.3 9.0 2.0 11.7 4.0 13.8 19,474,353 100.00 From the figures issued by the Gold Producers Committee of the Transvaal Chamber of Mines at Johannesburg, July, 1926, we quote the following: "The working results of the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in 1914 show a total of 25,701,954 tons milled, 8,007,782 fine ounces of gold, or 6.23 dwts. per ton. The figures for 1925 show 28,303,108 tons milled with a yield of 9,250,361 fine ounces, or 6.53 dwts. per ton. In 1914, the mines other than the Far East Rand mines, made a total working profit of £9,168,556. The working profit per ton was 8s 3d and they paid in dividends £6,355,158 out of a total dividend declaration by all the mines of the Rand of £8,070,661. During 1925, the mines other than the Far East Rand mines, made a total working profit of £3,436,964, the working profit per ton was 4s, and they paid in dividends only £2,002,174 out of a total dividend declaration for the whole Rand of £8,157,917. Their working costs per ton were 19s 8d, as compared with 17s Id in 1914. The mines of the Rand, excluding the Far East Rand, are therefore in a much worse economic position than in 1914, and yet, on the basis of the estimate of the Low Grade Mines Commission, approximately 170,000 Europeans and 700,000 natives depend for their livelihood on the working of these particular mines. No less than seven mines, employing 3,693 Euro- a 1 spending nearly £4,750,000 per annum in working costs, are making little or no profit, whilst ten mines, employing 4,548 Europeans and spending £5,723,- 248 per annum in working costs, paid no dividends in 1925. In this connection the following further extract from the Departmental Committee's Report is interesting: "The great importance to the country of encouraging large low-grade mines to operate is illustrated by the case of the Simmer Deep, which distributed in twelve years about £8,500,000 in capital and operating costs, without the shareholders receiving any dividends at all. It may be noted, incidentally, that the annual production of a single large low-grade mine—the East Rand Proprietary Mine—is greater than that of the wealth agricultural Division of Malmesbury. If the East Rand Proprietary Mines closed down, this event would therefore be comparable to the turning of the Division of Malmesbury into a desert and the cutting adrift of all its inhabitants." Wages are the most important item in the working costs of the Witwatersrand gold mines. For the year 1925 the total costs were made up as follows: Per Ton Milled Salaries and wages to Europeans.... £6,445,688 Wages to colored £5,610,899 £12,056,587 8 6 Stores 11,606,660 8 3 Miscellaneous 3,418,763 2 5 Totals £27,082,010 19 2 The gold reef extends to depths of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet below the surface although no shafts exist at these levels. The three deepest mines on the Rand are the Village Deep, 7,000 feet; the City Deep, 6,000 feet; and the Crown Mines, 6,100 feet. In 1922 there were 276 companies operating with 255,000 employees, only 24,000 of whom were white. It is estimated that the mines of the districts still contain 2,871 million dollars worth of gold. The Crown Gold Mines at Johannesburg covers 18 square miles, has 29 levels, and 9,000 men working underground. The stratum which contains the gold starts near the surface and points like a jagged flash of lightning towards the world's axis. The stratum of ore rock cuts through the 29 levels and enables the miners to work the ore bearing vein at different levels. Up to date (November, 1927,) the Rand has produced over 208,000,000 fine ounces of gold, having an approximate value of £915,000,000, and it is calculated that in one way and another, seventy per cent, (or say, £640,- 000,000) of this vast amount has been expended in South Africa. This is the paramount feature in the economic history of South Africa during the past forty years. Although half a century ago, there were numerous stories and rumors afloat with regard to the presence of gold on the Witwatersrand, it is indisputable that the Main Reef Series was not discovered until 1886. Johannesburg, which lies roughly in the centre of the gold-bearing formation, was founded in September, 1886, and, very quickly, development of the gold-bearing formation lying to the East and West of the town was initiated. In the pioneer days of the Witwatersrand the rich outcrop reefs only were worked. These had been enriched by a process of natural concentration, and in order to recover the gold contents (often yielding ounces to the ton) the pioneers erected small stamp batteries and sank shallow shafts. Working costs were abnormally high, general economic conditions were unstable, there was an acute shortage of water and the problem of bringing supplies to the gold fields was a difficult one because at that time the nearest point to the Rand on the railway was Kimberley. It has been exceptionally fortunate for South Africa that this, the world's greatest gold field, was discovered in the heart of the Union and not nearer the coast. By virtue of its roughly central situation, Johannesburg and the gold-bearing Reefs have been able to spread wealth throughout all portions of South Africa; railways have converged on the Rand from all the coastal termini, and, on account of its geographical relationship to the rest of the Union, it has indeed proved a centre of industry and productivity which has benefited every portion of the Sub-Continent. The progress made in Johannesburg during the past few years has been truly remarkable. Since 1904, a sum of about £36,000,000 has been spent on buildings. It has become a great scholastic, as well as an industrial centre, and it constitutes the most vital point in the railway system in the whole of southern Africa. Similarly, Reef towns have sprung up along the greater portion of the gold-bearing beds, and places like Benoni, Krugersdorp, Brakpan and Springs, which twenty years ago were mere hamlets, have grown in importance until they have become among the important towns in South Africa. All of this has been achieved because of the discovery of the gold-bearing conglomerates or bankets. The whole industrial structure has been built up on an edifice of gold, and Johannesburg has become the biggest all-mining city in the world, a distinction formerly held by Butte, in Montana. When the Rand was discovered, the value of the annual output of gold in the whole of the world was approximately £20,000,000. (value in 1887, £21,735,000, Transvaal percentage 0.8). It is a significant fact that today eight Rand properties, covering an infinitesimal portion of the earth's surface, namely, Government Areas, Crown Mines, New Modderfontein, Randfontein Central, East Rand Proprietary Mines, City Deep, Brakpan and Springs, produce as much gold as the whole world was producing forty years ago. {Number Twenty] Canadian Pacific Second Annual South America-Africa Cruise 1929 S. S. Duchess of Atholl Notes of Interest Concerning the Countries Along the Way By H. G. MOORE Prior to the discovery of the Main Reef Series, virtually the whole of the gold output of the world was derived from rich alluvials and "leads," as in California, Australia and the Klondike, and from quartz veins, such as those worked in Australia, North America and India. None of these propositions possessed any great extent of ore, or prospects of permanence. When the Rand was discovered and gold was found in a sedimentary deposit extending over a very large area, it was something very novel in mining. So novel, indeed, was the finding of gold in the conglomerates of the Witwatersrand that in the earliest days of the field some of the most prominent mining experts of that time were very skeptical as to whether the formation was an enduring one. Several of them, indeed, condemned the fields. The Rand, however, has proved itself to be the most permanent and enduring gold field in the world. It has also proved itself to be the most consistent gold field ever discovered. This last statement, must not, however, be interpreted as meaning that the amount of gold contained in the ore is of uniform grade throughout. Marked fluctuations in value occur in limited areas; there are poor mines as well as rich and medium grade mines, and in all the higher grade mines a certain amount of low-grade ore is also found. The phenomena presented by the remarkable gold field many years ago led to the commencement of an argument as to whether the Reef was becoming poorer as greater depts were reached. This has been the experience of most other gold fields of the world, and it was freely alleged that the reefs of the Rand would eventually "peter out." There is no conclusive evidence available, as to whether the average gold content per ton of the Rand at say 5,000 feet, is less than it was at say 1,000 feet. Neither can anyone say what the ultimate working depth will be. We know, however, that the Main Reef Series continues down to a depth of at least 7,000 feet, because ore is encountered at this depth and over in the Village Deep and City Deep mines. The gold mines of the Witwatersrand afforded direct employment at the end of August, 1927, to 21,186 Europeans and 188,449 colored persons. These figures do not take into account persons employed in head offices, timber yards, refinery, smelting works, the native labor recruiting staff, etc. At the end of December, 1926, 58.7 per cent of the total number of European employees in the service of the Witwatersrand mines were of South African birth. The policy of the mine managements has always been to treat their employees, both European and colored, fairly and equitably, to pay them reasonable wages, to afford them facilities for recreation when the day's work is done, and to help as far as practicable in maintaining them in good health. It is also the aim of the mine managements to minimize as far as possible the dangers and risks inseparable from mining. On the way to Dale's Kopje at Victoria Falls, is the Big Tree, a baobab or cream-of-tartar tree, measuring 88 feet 6 inches in circumference at the base. Though undoubtedly a large specimen, it is by no means the largest, in Rhodesia, baobab trees being known with a circumference of 105 feet. They grow to a great age. Standing close to the baobab tree is a muveba or "German Sausage" tree, which generally has scores of huge sausage-shaped fruit suspended from its branches. The fruit, which by the way, the natives never eat, is bright gray in color, and contains a sort of a bean. There are four main features of interest at the Victoria Falls, the river and islands above the gorge; the palm grove below, the rain forest and the actual falls. The waters of the Zambesi River seven miles above the waterfall average a mile and a quarter in width. The greatest volume of water over the falls is in April when the volume of water is 50 feet higher than in November, which is the driest month of the year. Baobab trees are seldom found in groups or near other trees but seem to prefer to spend its life alone. The natives strip it of the bark out of which they make rope. When the pods of the baobab tree are opened it is found to contain about 50 small beans the shape of an almond. They are bitter but when dried are not unpleasant and resemble in taste cream of tartar, hence the common name given it in Africa, the Cream of Tartar tree. The Kegelias tree (sausage tree) is very graceful. Its seed pods which look like sausages often weigh 10 or 12 pounds, measuring 10 inches long and 12 inches in circumference. Palms along the Zambesi grow very luxuriant, often 60 feet in height. It is said if the Zambesi were utilized for power it would produce 600,000 horsepower; at the falls it is 3,000 feet above sea level and in the 280 miles to Bul- awayo it falls 1,500 feet. One of the spectacular phenomena of the falls is the "Smoke that Sounds" as the natives call the cloud spray. The sound of the falls can be heard 25 miles away. The Zambesi rises on the border of the Congo about 1,000 miles above the falls. The material for the bridge across the river was all brought to the eastern side of the river and the necessary portion required on the other side was transported across by cable. There was no crossing over the river within 150 miles. The volume of water over the falls is estimated at 36,000,000 tons per hour for the entire 1% miles of its width, and within 1,000 yards from where it drops this tremendous volume of water is squeezed between walls less than 500 feet in width. Bulawayo, a hospitable frontier city in the north, is the metropolis of that vast territory of 440,000 square miles that was long the palatinate of the British South Africa Company, and is named Rhodesia, after the tireless empire builder who garnered it for his nation. The memory of Cecil Rhodes pervades the city. His statue stands at the crossing of the principal streets; the Government House is on land that was his. Once a krall of Lobengula, last chief of the Matbele nation, son of Mosilikatze, who, condemned to death together with his entire band for disobedience by the great Zulu chief, Chaka, fled into what is now the Transvaal, crossing to Matabeleland in 1837-38. The indaba tree, under which judgment was rendered by Mosilikatze and Lobengula, still stands in the grounds of Government House. From it can be seen the hill of Thabus Induna where executions and suicides took place in accord with the royal decree. Freely translated, the name Bulawayo means "the place of killing" and Mosilikatze, "the pathway of blood." Barbarism and sheer savagery reigned unchecked until Cecil Rhodes, after superhuman effort and sheer cold courage, brought civilization into the wilds and today Bulawayo, the largest town in Rhodesia, stands as a living testimony to his courage and faith. Cecil Rhodes, whose unnamed statue stands in the main street of Bulawayo, lies buried at his own request, amid the Matopos Hills, 27 miles from Bulawayo, in a grave hewn in the living granite, covered by a simple bronze plate bearing the words: "Here lies the remains of Cecil John Rhodes." There are many ruins of pre-historic nature in Africa, the largest and most noted being the ruins of the Great Zimbabwe, near Fort Victoria. The buildings were evidently erected for the protection of those engaged in the gold industry as the discovery of crucibles and other implements, indicated that ore was smelted within the walls. No mortar was employed in building, but the stone was dressed and squared by the hammer. The Khami ruins lie on the Khami River 14 miles west of Bulawayo. They are scattered over an area of some two square miles and the buildings are of four different periods. There are many other ruins more or less interesting in South Africa. The Zimbabwe ruins are 90% of the masonry of properly squared stones and in general character are similar in character to the Great Pyramids of Egypt and it is thought by some that probably the Egyptians built the walls. There is positively no known history attached to the ruins, nor any date which may be ascribed to them. The suggested dates vary from 1000 B. C. to 1200 A. D., and even the 14th or 15th century. The Rhodesian Railways link up the places of chief importance in Northern and Southern Rhodesia with the railways of the South African Union and Cape Town on the South, and with the Port of Beira on the East, having a total mileage of 2,462 miles. These railways serve the mines and extensive farm lands of Southern Rhodesia, transporting chrome, lead and asbestos, together with maize, tobacco, citrus fruits, and other agricultural products to Beira and other ports for export. Passing through and serving the important coal fields at Wankie, the line proceeds through Northern Rhodesia to the Belgian Congo. From the Belgian Congo, large quantities of copper are exported, being carried over the Rhodesian Railways to Beira and South Africa ports. Bechuanaland Protectorate has an area of about 275,- 000 square miles, a population in 1921 of 152,983 of whom 1,743 were Europeans. There are many tribes of natives under the various chiefs living in the territory. Swaziland lies at the Southeast corner of the Transvaal with an area of 6,678 square miles and a popula tion in 1921 of 133,563, of whom 2,200 were Europeans. The manufacture of "native curios" is an industry in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Animals, birds, etc., are carved by the natives from a soft wood (the mon- yelemyele tree) and decorated by burning with a hot iron. These are sold in large numbers to tourists who are passing through the territory. Basutoland is a native Protectorate and on account of the mountainous nature of the country, may be regarded as the "Switzerland of South Africa." Within this territory are the famous Drakensberg Mountains, many of whose peaks reach the 12,000 feet line. Its area is about 11,716 square miles, and the territory which is well watered, and has a fine climate and is stated to be the best grain producing country in South Africa, and the abundant grass enables the Basutos to raise large herds of cattle. The new native tax law compels adult natives to pay £1 5s per annum and if he has more than one wife, he pays that for each wife up to a maximum of £3 15s. Basutoland until about 1820 was inhabited almost solely by the degenerate Bushman tribe. The natives that have replaced them are perhaps the most intelligent colored race in South Africa. Basutoland is a sort of an Indian Territory of South Africa. It is an area the size of Belgium, entirely reserved for natives and whites are not permitted to own land in it. The few whites in the sections are officials, missionaries and traders. The British have in a large measure practiced a "hands off" policy. Under British tutelage the Basutos have forged ahead to the position generally recognized of being the most enlightened group of South African natives. In a century their number has grown from 40,000 to nearly a million and there are almost as many cattle as people in the country. By petition of the natives, the country was placed under British protection and is now subject to the control of the Imperial Government through the High Commissioner. The Basutoland Council, whose duties are advisory, consist entirely of natives with the Resident Commissioner as President. Basutoland is not at present included in the Union of South Africa, and future incorporation is not regarded favorably by the natives, but the Act of the Union provides for its possible inclusion at a future date. Land is divided on the Commual principle and there are no individual owners. Whites are not allowed to settle in the country without special permission. The natives spontaneously raised 50,000 pounds to present to the King as an indication of their loyalty during the recent World War. For its wild animals Africa has always been remarkable. When first discovered by Europeans, South Africa, especially, swarmed with a variety never equaled elsewhere. From one end of the land to the other the names given to rivers, plain and farmstead attest the presence of a host of noble and beautiful Fauna, which have now been driven from most of their former resorts. The country both north and south of the Zambesi abound with game and there are no unreasonable restrictions. The game include elephants, eland, sable, and roan antelopes, buffalo, koodes and waterbuck as well as many other kinds. A titled young Englishman shot a cow elephant and captured its young one alive. In camp it was found that the baby elephant was consuming a gross of small tins of milk a day, so in some mysterious (?) way the baby elephant died. Elephants make good eating for the natives, the feet and trunks are especially appetizing. -v ulnnimmnCfflC: miiiimimiinmc iiniimiiiimiiiiii: iiimiiiiiimiimiii'C iiNimimi CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 1929 Received from Rugby. New York.—-American Telegraph and Telephone shareholders, provided they approve of the directors' proposals at the General Meeting on April 20th, will receive a windfall in the form of rights to subscribe for the new record $22,500,000 bond issue. Montreal.—The market staged a quick recovery following yesterday's break. Smelters recovered 25 points, now 425 ; Nickel 4, now 47f ; Brazilian Traction 5, now 58. ~ •• •• •• London.—The purchase by a national trust of the land surrounding Stonehenge is now assured. London.—Efforts have been made by a broadcast appeal from 2LO to trace another British subject who is held for ransom by Mexican bandits for £2,500. The appeal was in the following terms : Mr. John Wilmot Reid, Scottish-Canadian mining engineer, has been kidnapped in Mexico and is being held for ransom there. His mother, who is believed to have married again and whose present name is unknown, is requested to communicate with Mr. Reid's brother-in-law, Arthur Cuinmings, 17, Gloucester Terrace, London, W. Mr. Cummings says Mr. Reid was captured nearly a month ago. j Joseph C. Conn, of Boonton, N.J., won j the award for possessing the largest I sized pachyderm on the ship. Tientsin.—Reports indicate that there is a movement to restore Peking as capital and declare the Northern Provinces independent. Developments are being watched elsewhere in China. Twew decks m At the Elephant Parade yesterday the winner of the prize for the biggest herd of elephants was Miss Rosella Ames, of MarslihekCMass., with a total of 52. Mrs. Albert O. Selby, of San Francisco, with 22, won the prize for the largest number of ivory elephants, and Mr. London.—-A message in yesterday's Court circular stated : Craig weil House, Bognor. u The King and Queen have received with great sorrow the news of the death of the Dowager Marchioness of Cambridge, Her Majesty's beloved sister-in-law." EGYPT AND CHINA. Linking Egypt and China together ! seems about as sensible a proceeding as the recent attempts to prove that many of the Indian tribes in British Columbia are related to an earlier Chinese civil- I ization. Yet it now appears that there \ are many links between-the B.C. Indian j tribal lore and Chinese traditions. Eth- j nologists also trace a Mongolian cast, to ! the Indian facial characteristics. The tracing of a relation between Chinese thought and medical science and that of Egypt is equally simple—or far-fetched, according to one's credulity or sceptism—when proverbs and medi-' cines are compared. For instance the following aphorisms culled from early papyri might have been the wise teachings of Confucius himself : Come to the African Equatorial ! Fancy Dress Ball this evening dressed I in any sort of costume. Be a Hindu, Moslem, Zulu, Parsee, Swahili, I Arab, Turk or Portuguese, or wear any other appropiate dress. Prizes will be awarded for the most comical and most original costumes. u He who speaks evil, reaps evil." y- Converse with the ignorant as freely as with the scholar, for the gates of knowledge should never be closed." And prescriptions like this, written six thousand years ago, are matched at the present time by Chinese practitioners : ' raw meat, nitre, beer, milk and blood boiled up and swallowed hot." Other ingredients much favoured by ancient Egyptian medicos were bones, fat and skins of vultures, bats, lizards and crocodiles. It wouldn't take even one apple to keep that doctor away from us ! STORAGE OF BAGGAGE. Passengers wishing to store heavy baggage at Cherbourg or English ports in readiness for the Homeward journey, also passengers transferring to " Empress of Scotland," sailing April 27th, are kindly requested to make their arrangements with the Ship's Baggage Master. Lists will close on the arrival of the vessel at Gibraltar, in order that the necessary information can be wirelessed ahead. Stateroom checked baggage will not be removed until completion of Cruise. niiirmmimmrnnnr miiiiimnmnmmn 3mmamnnmnx =annsEnmxnmn] IMimmilHITTTTTTZ HHH1IUHU1I iimummmnn- HiiiwiinimimuB ':■■:■" ■ : ^ ' '' '' ■:'■"■ '■. ' '. ■' "-. Chateau Lake Louise—View from the Air One of the Famous Resorts in the Canadian Rockies H iiiiiiiiiininiuiini mniiiiiiiiiiinmc iHiiiiniiiiimiimc iiimimiiiiiiiniunc HDimniiiMinima CANADIAN PACIFIC South America--Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 1929 Received from Rugby. Berlin—Incendiarism is suspected in connection with the destruction by fire of the new German 46,000 ton liner, ■' Europa," valued at ten million dollars. It was one of the most luxuriously equipped vessels and was nearing completion by 2,500 workmen. Only the stern and machine and boiler section were spared. Paris.:—With the supreme honours of his church and country yesterday Marshal Foch was borne from Notre Dame Cathedral to Les Invalides, where he is to rest beside Napoleon. The procession was two miles long. While it passed, Madame Foch, the Marshal's wTidow, stood bravely for two hours. Fully 250,000 were massed in front of the last resting place of France's great commander. New York.—Wall Street had the biggest day in all it's history. Money, the life blood of speculation, reached famine prices. Pinacled stocks toppled writh a dreadful crash and last night hundreds of thousand of people through out the country were contemplating the ruins of paper houses of fortune. A hurricane of selling began when call money rose to 15 per cent. Outside the market it reached 20. When the Exchange closed 8,246,700 shares had changed hands and the tapes were 75 minutes behind. Among the important declines were Brooklyn Edison 35 ; Adams Express 26 ; Wright Aero 23 ; American Telegraph and Telephone 16-18. Many others lost 10-12. Montreal.—Influenced by the jump in New York call money the Montreal Stock Exchange Sustained the worst break in years. 3s^es«3s^sisgBfe'^-^^syssgasiSigg9« Tfmmdechs m V u There are two worlds: the world that we can measure with line and rule, and the world that we feel with our hearts and imagination "—Leigh Hunt. Many a time we have wondered just wherein lies the real and lasting value of a cruise. That cruises are of concrete value we were ready to admit, but just, where that concrete value lay was something of a facer. Howrever, this quotation from Leigh Hunt seems to solve the problem for us. Often we have sat down to an atlas or travel book by some good author and have travelled in imagination over the route we are now following. But what a world of difference ! How the part of our journey that we have' so far accomplished has differed from the page-parade. Perhaps that was the result we ex- | expected ; but our reception of the ! facts that bear out our anticipation has j been livelier than we expected. Feel is the right word, of course. j We are feeling the world with pur | hearts and our imagination and are dis- | covering that the old platitude about I the broadening effect of travel is as ; forceful as if it were original. YvTe are now on our last long voyage, the third longest of the cruise : 2,253 miles to Port Sudan, where on April 2 we shall say au revoir to the Khartoum optional party, and another 708 miles to Port Tewfik, where the rest of us are due to arrive on April 4. Decimal Pool addicts should therefore be on the mark each day. The swimming pool will doubtless be well patronised. At 3 p.m. to-day we cross the equator again, this time without ceremonies. Mr. Moore will lecture on Rome, Genoa, Milan and the Italian Lakes in Main Lounge at 9 o'clock to-night. Cruise Members when on deck are again advised to be careful not to expose their heads to the sun. The head should be covered at all times on deck, even when under an awning, as sunstroke is both unpleasant and dangerous. Information as^to where Cruise Members intend leaving the Cruise is required as early as possible. Will Members wno have not yet completed the forms provided for this purpose kindly do so without delay and hand the same to their bedroom stewards. Deck Sports will be held at 2.15 p.m. to-morrow afternoon on the Top Deck. Among the events scheduled are : Pototo Race, Sack Race, Needle and Thread Race, and Tug-of-War. Entries for each event by presentation to Sports Committee at time and place indicated. Prizes will be awarded. ELEPHANT SOUVENIR PARADE. Bring all your elephants on the Promenade Deck, Starboard Side, before 3 p.m. to-day. They should be tagged with your name and stateroom number. Parade Mil be over at 4 o'clock. A prize will be awarded to the owner of the largest herd of single elephants. mumnmmmsnz niiKiiimiiiiiinmmr ninimtiinnnlniiiiC immimmnrrTTrr iiimiiirminimmt- mnHummiTTTTr mmmuMmimiwC ihiihihmimiic umiiimimimira + : Empress Hotel, Victoria, B. C Hotel Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask. Palliser Hotel, Calgary, Alta. Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, B. C. Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg FIVE OF THE CHAIN OF FAMOUS HOTELS OWNED AND OPERATED BY THE CANADIAN PACIFIC pmmininiHUBE: n ii n mm imimi in iffimimiMiimmc iiiiiiimnimiiiiQfflC iiiir.iiiiimiiiicsm CANADIAN PACIFIC South America--Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS nniii'inni)'iiiLiiL. imimii OBEC S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1929 Received from Rugby. New York.—War to the knife threatens between the Federal Reserve Board and New York banks when the bottom dropped out of the Stock Market this week. Charles E. Mitchell, president of the National City Bank, came to the rescue of distressed borrowers with the offer of a loan of 25 million dollars, although the rate was 16 per cent and upwards. His action saved the utter demoralisation of the market but drew the wrath of Senator Carter Glass, one of the authors of the Federal Reserve Board, wdio accuses Mitchell of having slapped the Board squarely in the face and demands his immediate resignation as a director of the New7 York Federal Reserve. Mitchell made a statement warning the public to be conservative, adding that the crisis which sent call money up to 20 per cent had now passed and that New York banks would endeavour at all times to avoid such a critical situation occurring. New7 York.—-All United States and and Canadian markets were closed yesterday. The New York stock exchange, curb market and cotton exchange will be closed to-day. Newr York.—The Chemical National Bank and United States Mortgage and Trust Company are amalgamating. Their combined assets are 40 million dollars. Paris.—Messages received from Spain state that Gene Tunney, the ex- heavyweight boxing champion, who is staying with Matador Algabeno, has been taking lessons in bull fighting. He killed his first bull. His side stepping was very clever, according to eye-witnesses, and he dispatched the animal with a neat sword thrust. Washington.—The United States Attorney-General is considering the legality of the American Petroleum Institute's oil curtailment plan under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. he cried to Premier Taschereau, "I can sign." The Speaker ruled that it would be in order to read the bills without the actual presence of the Lieutenant- Governor, who would try to complete them later, but Sir Lomer died before this could be done, leaving Quebec without an official head. Sir Lomer's term of office was the shortest on record. He took the oath on January 10th, succeeding Lieutenant-Governor Perodeau. London.—Brilliant sunshine throughout the country yesterday produced record temperatures in many places. At Ilkley, Yorkshire, 74 degrees exceeded July's mean maximum for the British Isles. London.—The first Imperial air service between London and India opens to-day. ,,,...im.uni.inT 'iihimiimii'iirmTT Montreal.—Sir Lomer Gouin, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, was seized with a heart attack as he was entering his .office on his wiy to a prorogue of the Provincial Legislature, and died twenty minutes later in his wife's arms. His first thought when he recovered consciousness after his collapse was for the day's duties. In addition to prorogation he had to give Royal Assent to a number of bills, and, foreseeing complications, with dying breath mtiiimnmmitn tnnnnimiimnn: 3335SaC£SSS3$£86Kl! Twemdecks Opportunity for showing your appreciation o* the Duchess of AtholVs orchestras will present itself at the concert to-night in the Main Lounge* The Concert wall be given in place of the Vaudeville programme which was scheduled for to-night. First sitting Cruise Members should take places on the starboard side of the Lounge, and second sitting Members on the port side. The Concert will begin at 9 o'clock. EASTER SUNDAY SERVICES Holy Communion will be celebrated in the Observation Lounge at 7.15 a.m. Morning Service will be held in the Lounge at 10.45 a.m. Cruise Members are reminded that orders for photographs should be handed in as soon as possible, to ensure delivery before leaving the ship. Pictures do not forget. The most valuable souvenirs of this Cruise will be your pictures. The Photographer can give you all infornation regarding albums of selected pictures, which will be made up to your order, titled and mounted, and sent to your home address on the completion of the Cruise. Make your selections any time before reaching Gibraltar. The recent census shows that the total number of elephants brought on board by Cruise Members at African ports is 1,028, approximately 2.94 elephants per Cruise member. nmHiimiuiTTTTr nmmnnmmn iHiHiiumnmc MimiminHD An Important Addition to Canadian Pacific Chain of Hotels The Royal York at Toronto, Ontario To Be Opened in June, 1929 L*mminii mining: Miiinimiiiiiicmc iHiiiiimiiiiiiiinc IHIIIiMllllllllllllliaC mnnmniHmintTi CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS lllllllllllllllllll S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. SUNDAY, MARCH 31, 1929 Received from Rugby. New7 York.—The Radio Corporation and International Telephone and Telegraph Company issued a joint statement yesterday saying that the agreement reported to have been reached between the two companies was merely a tentative plan under wmich consolidation might be accomplished. In an earlier report the Telephone Company was said to have acquired Radio Communications, Limited, a subsidiary of the Radio Corporation. —o— New7 York.—Sir Hubert Wilkins, the famous explorer, who has returned here from the Antarctic, is planning a Polar seas exploration by submarine, if he can obtain a submarine. The exploration of North Polar waters could be completed in a month, he explained, and information obtained regarding ocean depths, force, temperatures, Arctic currents and drifts of ice. --o— Victoria, B.C.—Two men and one woman were arrested on their arrival from Australia yesterday. They are suspected of being concerned in the theft of naval plans and will be appre hended following a cable for instructions from Australia. —o— London.—British national accounts for the year ended March 30 show a surplus of £18,394,463, as compared with the Chancellor of the Exchequer's budget estimate of £14,502,000. —o— London.—Permission to visit Russia has been refused the Dean of Manchester by the Soviet Authorities. The Dean is puzzled by his exclusion, for which no reason is given. He said he had arranged to go with a friend, an eminent scientist, on a sight-seeing tour, and was anxious to see what Russia was doing in science and education. Now a message has come via Berlin that his friend may go but he may not. —o— London.—Rosslyn Mitchell, the Socialist M.P. for Paisley, who defeated Lord Oxford in the General Election of 1924, is not seeking re-electicn owing to his solicitor duties not allowing him to give full time to Parliamentary duties. He made many speeches against the new Prayer Book measures in December, 1927, which contributed largely to its defeat. —o— London.—Road travel facilities which will connect almost the whole of industrial Wales, will result from a big merger of interests between the Great Western Railway and South Wales Commercial Motors. A newr company is being formed with authorised capital of £500,000. Four of eight directors are nominated by the Great Western Railway. Paris.—Whilst Easter crowds were promenading the boulevards, thieves entered a jeweller's shop on Boulevard Haussman and escaped with $40,000 worth of jewelery. —o— Paris.—According to advices from Teheran Persia and Japan will will sign a provisional commercial treaty on the basis of the " most favoured nation " clause. wemdechs Mr. Mocre will lecture on Rome at 9 o'clock this evening in the Main Lounge. SHIP'S ACCOUNTS. As an audit of Ship's accounts will be made at Port Tewmk, Cruise Members are respectfully requested to settle all accounts before disembarking at that port. Wine accounts will be presented at luncheon on Monday, after which all transactions will be for cash until departure from Port Said. A Masonic meeting will be held tomorrow afternoon at 2-30 in the Observation Lounge. It is hoped that all Masons will attend. The proceeds of the concert for the orchestras' benefit last night amounted to $470. While on Easter Day the Duchess of Atholl makes swTift progress from the Gulf of Aden to the Red Sea and Egypt, 10,000 miles away in the western hemisphere the Canadian Pacific Empress of Australia is steaming from San Francisco towards the Panama Canal, near the completion of her Round the World Cruise eastwards from New York, where she is due to return on April 15th. In European waters is the „Empress of Scotland, whose Mediterranean Cruise Members are spending Easter in Naples. Their voyage will terminate in South- anpton on April 8th. Lake Windermere Bungalow Camp—Canadian Rockies Dufferin Terrace—Chateau Frontenac, Quebec The Algonquin Hotel—St. Andrews, N. B. pmsmommxmc ininiiiniiiiimiiiL, iniiiiiiiiumii niiiiimiiiiinimcac iniimr iiniinmnp CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS niiiiiiiiiiiiiin S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1929. Received from New Brunswick, N J. Miami.—It was made clear yesterday that President-Elect Hoover does not intend to announce the members of his Cabinet until after his inauguration on March fourth. Speculation may continue as to the constituency of the official family but nothing definite will be learned until the Senate receives the Cabinet list soon after Mr. Hoover becomes President. The impression has gained considerable ground that Mr. Hoover has already selected his cabinet. Those mentioned as near certainties for posts so far, are, Secretary Mellon, Colonel William Donovan, William Jardine, Doctor Ray Wilbur and Walter Brown. —o— London.—General Bramwell Booth won the first major engagement in the war within the Salvation Army, when the Court upheld his injunction pre- yenting the High Council from electing his successor as commander of the Army. London.—Major H. O. D. Segrave the automobile racer, has sailed with his machine for the United States. He will try to set a new speed record on Florida sands. New? York.—Following a rise of more than eight points in the stock of the Standard Oil Company of Indiana on the curb market, it was reported that Colonel Robert Stewart and John D. Rockefeller, Junior, had resumed their fight for proxies in the open market. Received from Rugby. New York..—The Hippodrome, New York's most famous hotel, has been sold for about six million dollars. It is stated that the building was purchased by a syndicate proposing to erect a large block of offices on it's site. iiiiimn'jiiinrrr iiiniiiiiiiiimiiiiii New York.—The will of Mrs. Ruth, wTife of ' Babe" Ruth, disposes of personal estate of over 55,000 dollars. ■:: Babe " Ruth was cut off with five dollars. —o-— Belgrade.—The Yugo-Slav Government is taking strong measures against the excessive consumption of alcohol. Owing to the affects of oyer drinking wines are so cheap in Yugo-Slavia that one can get drunk on twelve different kinds of brandy at a cost of 25 cents. Received from Louisburg. Ottawa.—During the last five years the output of electricity from central electric stations in Canada has almost doubled, and during the last six years it has increased 136 per cent. iiiiiiimmmiminH Ottawa.—Thirty-two aeroplanes will this year be given to flying clubs by the Government. This is the estimate made by flying officials in the National Defence Department. -ssssrarer-flgs-s&sssssssss^^ Tweendechs ~epsba&&i*&\^MWhSSM^^ I iiiniiiiiiiiiHiim mama Introductory Tea Dance and Informal Reception ji will be held this afternoon :8 between 4 and 5 p.m., and in the evening there will be an u Identification" Dance All of us are expected to pin the name cards, which we will find at our places at dinner to-night, to our evening dress. CRUISE MEMORIES. Looking ahead, when this cruise will be a memory, no'hing will be more interesting than your collection of pictures. Albums suitable for Cruise pictures and informal snapshots are obtainable at the Photographer's Office. —o— The following signal has been received by the Captain from Neptune's Secretary of the Interior :— ■\ I am commanded by His Majesty King Neptune to ascertain the purpose of your mission through the Equatorial Zone as there is no record of permission nullum z having been granted. Stop. Also desire full particulars of those members of your passengers and crew who are not Freemen ot the Equatorial Domain, as it is His Majesty's pleasure to hold investiture on board your ship when she crosses the Equator into the Southern Hemisphere." Davy Jones. In order to comply with above, the Purser will be obliged if all passengers who have not hitherto crossed the Line will kin dly register at the Bureau as soon as possible. In reply to signal received from Davy Jones the following has been despatched by the Commander :— u In reply to your 1320 beg to report Duchess of Atholl bound from New York on Cruise to South America and Africa. Stop. Regret oversight on part of Agents-in not applying for free passage but beg to request permission to proceed. Stop. Am carrying 346 passsengers and 446 crew many of whom have not been initiated as freemen of His Majesty's Domains and of whom a full list is being prepared and will be forwarded as soon as possible. Stop. Reference to proposed Investiture beg to submit that some of our members have conscientious objections against initiation and shall be glad if you will signal reply as to whether it is proposed to adopt any form of compulsion." Griffiths—Master. iMifflimmiimc anm minimiiiiimic umiuinitntinmil Lake'Windermere Bungalow Camp—Canadian Rockies Dufferin Terrace—Chateau Frontenac, Quebec The Algonquin Hotel—St. Andrews, N. B. ramnmanmnnc iiimminiiHngBC nimiiiiiiniiiiianc -mnnniiiininimuu. imimimiiiHian CANADIAN PACIFIC South America--Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS R.N.R. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13,1929. Received from Rugby. San Francisco.—Chinatown was decked with flags and lanterns and a litter of exploded firecrackers as the Chinese celebrated two notable events : the dawning of the year 4639 of the Chinese era and the 16th anniversary of the Chinese Republic. —o— Havana.—Colonel Lindbergh, due here on his second hop homeward from Panama Canal Zone, had not arrived late yesterday afternoon. He may have stopped at a refueling station which is outside the reach of communication. —o— .j Mexico City.—The United States Ambassador here, Dwight B. Morrow, has announced the engagement of his daughter, Anne, to Colonel Lindbergh, the famous American airman. —o— New York.—Noel Coward, the English dramatist composer actor, who with Beatrice Lille has been plaj'ing to packed houses in New York in the revue, " This Year of Grace," is ill. An operation was performed on Monday but the hospital authorities refused to disclose the nature of his illness. They is sued a reassuring statement that Coward should be able to resume his role next I I week. His part for the present is being taken by Billy Milton. —o— Montreal.—A British expedition will again attempt to conquer Mount Everest, led by Professor Odell of Harvard, who was a member of the 1924 expedition. The greatest difficulty about making another attempt is the refusal of the Dalai Lama of Thibet to grant permission for fear of displeasing the Goddess resident on the summit of Everest, to whose anger the Thibetans attribute the deaths of Mallory and Irvine, who were lost in the previous attempt. " We hope this difficulty will soon be overcome," said Odell. —o— Sydney.—-Stadiums, Ltd., have announced that they have accepted Bushey Graham's terms to fight Fidel la Barba for the world bantam weight championship in Australia. It is understood that Graham will receive 20,000 dollars for the match. —o— London.—£4,300 was realised at a book sale at Sotheby's, London, on Tuesday. The chief price was £900 for a copy of the first collected edition of Chaucer's works, printed in London by Thomas Godfray in 1532. A fine copy of the first edition of Milton's poems, printed in 1645, sold for £475. London.—The maximum temperature at KewT yesterday was 26 degrees, the lowest on record for the second ten days in February. London.—The Stanhope gold medal for the bravest deed of the year has been awarded to Andres Mullcr Heyns, a South African, for the rescue of a 17 year old student from a shark in deep water at Littlebrak, Rivers Beach, Mossel Bay, South Africa. —o— Amsterdam.—The famous centuries old Town Hall at Leyden, with it's precious archives and art collection, was destroyed by fire yesterday. —o— Athens.—The Chamber has finally ratified the pact of friendship and arbitration with Italy. Cape Town.—There was a joint sitting of both Houses yesterday when Premier Hertzog introduced the Natives Representation bill and the Coloured Persons Rights bill. The Opposition strongly condemned both bills. The formal debate was adjourned until to- day. —o Riga, Latvia.—A portrait of Pope Pius XI and a brass plate, commemorating his visit there in 1910 as Papal Legatee to the Latvian Government, have been stolen from the vestibule of Petersburg Hotel, Riga. Intense frost gripped nearly the 1 whole of Europe yesterday. Traffic is seriously delayed in many places. Jneeadechs '8 Winners of the Child- rens Party were :- Original j Girl and Boy, Miss Blos- I som Harding, of Montreal, ; Quebec, and Mr. George Mitchell, of Larkhall, Scotland. Comical Girl and Boy, Miss E. Patriarca, of Newport, Mon., England., and Mr. William Spengler, Jr. of East Orange, New Jersev. —o— Rotarians are invited to a meeting in the Observation Lounge at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ,—o— Progressive Bridge will be held this afternoon at 3 o'clock in the Dining Saloon. —o— The Photographer announces that photographs of Rio de Janeiro are now on display in the Cruise Office, and that early photographs of the Cruise are being removed to make wray for more recent pictures. Lecture at nine o'clock this evening ir\ the Dining Saloon on Buenos Aires and Montevideo by Mr. Moore. ranmmmmmc niimiiimininiir lumiMMmiiunTmr iiimimimiinmr" HinniiHmiiirmnr imimmimuuiL. nmtmitiitni miMiimiiiiniic mmniHimmiiHiil Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, B. C. Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg five of the chain of famous hotels owned and operated by the Canadian pacific CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS iimiimmmumniii iiiiiiiiiiMiimiM S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS R.N.R. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1929 Received from Rugby. New York.—Commander Byrd, who is making explorations by air in the Antarctic, states that he has discovered and mapped out vast new territory \vhich he has claimed for the United States. In a dispatch to the . ■ New York Times," Byrd, wTho says the region has been named Marie Byrd Land, after his wife, also claims to have discovered a second mountain range to the east and south of the range discovered by him recently and named it Rockfeller range. —o— Washington.—It is stated from an authentic source that the following posts in the new United States Cabinet have been definitely filled : Secretary of State Henry Stimson, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, and for the Interior, Ray Lyman Wilbur. Washington.—It is learned that the United States Consul at Chefoo has requested naval protection for United States citizens in N'shantung, following the rebellion of Provincial troops at Hwanghsien. —o— London.—Unless his doctors ad vise otherwise the King will \T,o to Sandringham as soon as it is considered perfectly safe and advantageous for him to do so. London.—Captain Edward Leicester Atkinson, who commanded the expedition which found Captain Scott's body in the Antarctic, has died. He was the youngest surgeon-captain in the Navy. London.—It is stated that Churchill, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is now in possession of nearly all information he requires for the Budget, and indications are that that the total estimates cannot be far short of last year's total "of £805,195,000. Members in a position to estimate with some accuracy declare Churchill will have no surplus on the year's working, even if he escapes a deficit. —o— mimmiin- niiiiuuimiimiimnr Budapest.—The Municipal Council yesterday resolved to accept with the deepest gratitude the offer by Lord Rothermere to erect in Budapest a monument to the late Eugenede Rakosi, the Hungarian patriot. It will probably be erected in Rakoczi Place, one of the chief squares in the city, near the People's Theatre, with which Rakosi wras closely associated for some years. nimiiiHiiniiimim $ssgss-S^$ssssggssssgsx&egss& Iweea decks fiSS*533SS5SSBS38855SS5aS» imniMMiniiimiL. ininimiiiiiniimr George Washington's anniversary will be celebrated to-night by a special dinner and dance. All who have old fashioned costumes are invited to wear them. Indian dress or any other garb reminiscent of early days in North America would be appropriate. By way of granting tlie wish of Britishers among our number, who have expressed a desire to have and know the words of " The Star Spangled Banner," they are reproduced here. The words of "God Save the King " will be published to-morrow for Americans who have voiced a similar sentiment. Oh say, can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming ? And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting on air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh say, does that star spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.?" If weather permits, group photo- imiMummmm zz: graphs scheduled for yesterday afternoon will be made to-day at the following times ; 2-30 p.m. Michigan, 2-45 p.m. Massachusetts, 3-00 p.m. New Jersey, 3-15 p.m. Pennsylvania, 3-30 p.m. Illinois. Deck Sports Competitions are now in progress. Deck Tennis (Doubles) on the Top Deck, Deck Quoits (Doubles) on the Promenade Deck, Port Side, Shuffleboard (Doubles) on 'A' Deck aft. Lists of the draw for partners are posted near where the games are played, and entrants who have not yet played off should get in touch with their partners as soon as possible and report to the Sports' Committee, who are : for Deck Tennis, Mr. William Spengler, Jr.; for Deck Quoits, Mr. John Bourne ; for Shuffleboard, Mr. F. H. Jordan. —o— RETURN WESTBOUND RESERVATIONS. miHiuiiinhniinr A selection of accommodation on Canadian Pacific liners is held in the Cruise Office for the benefit of those Members who have not made definite return bookings. The Booking Office for Atlantic westbound accommodation is situated in the Cruise Office, and will be open each day at sea from 10 a.m. to 12 noon until further notice. _ miiiiiiiiiiimiii uiiiiiUHiinimim Schreiber District Creek Between Catherine and Louise Lakes A Wild Stretch of Nipigon River French River The Result of Two Hours Fishing FISHING IN CANADA ALONG CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. MONDAY, APRIL 1, 1929 Received from Rugby. Bognor.—The King, in a message from Craigweil House to the Territorial Army, points out that the Territorial force Was formed 21 years ago to-day and recalls the inestimable services they rendered during the great war and concludes with best wishes for future Territorials. •• •• •• •• •• •• London.—A mail bag for the u Leviathan" on the Waterloo to Southampton boat train on Saturday was ripped open and a registered package consigned by a London diamond merchant to a firm in Colombia, South America, stolen. Detectives think that possibly members of a well-informed gang gained access to the bag before it left the G.P.O. or while it was waiting to be put on the train at Waterloo. Paris.—Myron T. Herrick, the United States Ambassador to France, died at 5.15 p.m. yesterday from a sudden heart attack. He caught a slight cold a few days ago but had been seriously ill only since Saturday. His daughter-in-law, Mrs. Parmely Herrick, was at his bedside. His last public appearance was at the funeral of Marshal Foch. Paris.—The British motor cyclists who set off on March 8th on Montlhery speedway, near Paris, to cover 25,000 miles, equivalent to circling the globe, without stopping their 2\ horse power engines, have succeeded in their record breaking attempt. They pulled up a few minutes after 9 a.m. yesterday, after having driven their motor cycles 15,789 times round the course in 554 hours 8 minutes, during which time they covered 25,144i miles at an average speed of 45f miles per hour. meeadeehs Why is the Red Sea so called ? Many suppose that it is because of the gorgeous desert-like sunsets, or sandstorms that blow red dust on it's surface, or that it is derived from a perversion of it's old Biblical name, Reed Sea. But the Royal Geographical Society will have fll. * ApM0» Rome.—The British air mail aeroplane that inaugurated the weekly mail service between England and Karachi, has arrived at Rome from Genoa. none of these theories, and states that The Red Sea abounds with islands and coral reefs, and is supposed to have derived it's name from the red coral and pink coloured fuci which it yields, or from the blood red colour frequently imparted to it by swarms of small animals." The Red Sea is 1,450 miles long and varies in width from 16 to nearly 200 miles. It's salinity '(4.3 per cent) is higher than in any other body of water communicating with the ocean. From October to May, when south winds blow, it is from two to three feet higher than during the rest of the year, but careful measurings disclose that it's low-water level is identical with that of the Mediterranean. Masons ! Don't forget the Masonic meeting in the Observation Lounge at 2.30 this afternoon. To-morrow morning we arrive at Port Sudan, to land Cruise Members who are participating in the overland optional trip to Cairo via Khartoum and Luxor. As a special Sudanese visa is required for Port Sudan, only those taking the optional excursion will be permitted to go ashore. Forty-four of our number are leaving us temporarily to go from Port Sudan on the six day trip to Khartoum, Wadi Haifa, Assuan, Luxor, etc. They will rejoin us in Cairo next Monday. Upon request of those of us who are leaving at Port Sudan on the Optional excursion to Khartoum, Mr. Moore will lecture on '' Cairo, Luxor and King Tut- ankh-Amen " lo-night instead of Wednesday as scheduled. The . Rags and Tatters" dance is postponed until further notice. Paradoxical as it sounds, the outstanding feature of King Tut-ankh- Amen's life was that he died and was buried. Very little of his life is known. From the fact that he changed his name from Tut-ankh-Aten to Tut-ankh-Amen we know that in his early days he was an Aten worshipper, but later returned to the old orthodox religion of Egypt. He also abandoned the heretical Court at Tell el Amarna, and, establishing his Court at Thebes, restored that ancient city to it's former eminence. I^ianznznmmxnx: iiiiiniiiiiiiimiinimr: nmsnnmmnnmnc imiimniminmr: -umjii'iiiiiiiiiinnn mmimifliunui ■ niiiiiiimnniinnr iHimimiiHHi'C minimi n DUII] Latest Type Passenger Locomotive Canadian Pacific Railway Windsor Station, Montreal, Que.. Canadian Pacific Railway Headquarters iummuiimniiiiim tn'Miinnmmmm— iinninnMintihiiir; IHIIIIIIIHIHillllB TrmFfmrc CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1929 Received from Rugby. New York.—War to the knife threatens between the Federal Reserve Board and New York banks when the bottom dropped out of the Stock Market this week. Charles E. Mitchell, president of the National City Bank, came to the rescue of distressed borrowers with the offer of a loan of 25 million dollars, although the rate was 16 per cent and upwards. His action saved the utter demoralisation of the market but drew the wrath of Senator Carter Glass, one of the authors of the Federal Reserve Board, who accuses Mitchell of having slapped the Board squarely in the face and demands his immediate resignation as a director of the New York Federal Reserve. Mitchell made a statement warning the public to be conservative, adding that the crisis which sent call money up to 20 per cent had now passed and that Newr York banks would endeavour at all times to avoid such a critic. 1 situation occurring. New York.—All United States and and Canadian markets were closed yesterday. The New7 York stock exchange, curb market and cotton exchange will be closed to-day. New York.—The Chemical National Bank and United States Mortgage and Trust Company are amalgamating. Their combined assets are 40 million dollars. Washington.—The United States Attorney-General is considering the legality of the American Petroleum Institute's oil curtailment plan under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Paris.—Messages received from Spain state that Gene Tunney, the ex- heavyweight boxing champion, who is staying with Matador Algabeno, has been taking lessons in bull fighting. He killed his first bull. His side stepping was very clever, according to eye-witnesses, and he dispatched the animal with a neat sword thrust. gum ttimrjnniu ini'i'WiHiiiiiiiiiinmr; iiniimiiiimmrmB Montreal.—Sir Lomer Gouin, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, was seized with a heart attack as he wis entering his office on his way to a prorogue of the Provincial Legislature, and died twenty minutes later in his wife's arms. His first thought when he recovered consciousness after his collapse was for the day's duties. In addition to prorogation he had to give Royal Assent to a number of bills, and, foreseeing complications, with dying breath iHirimiiiniiiinii — he cried to Premier Taschereau, "l can sign." The Speaker ruled that it would be in order to read the bills without the actual presence of the Lieutenant- Governor, who would try to cbmplete them later, but Sir Lomer died before this could be done, leaving Quebec without an official head. Sir Lomer's term of office was the shortest on record. He took the oath on January 10th, succeeding Lieutenant-Governor Perodeau. London.—Brilliant sunshine throughout the country yesterday produced record temperatures in many places. At Ilkley, Yorkshire, 74 degrees exceeded July's mean maximum for the British Isles. London.—The first Imperial air service between London and India opens to-day. -5£SSS£ES9££SS$! Twemdecks Opportunity for showing your appreciation o* the Duchess of AtholVs or- | chestras will present itself at the concert to-night in the Main Lounge. The Concert wall be given in place of the Vaudeville programme which was scheduled for HimilltllHIIIIIIUlf ■" to-night. First sitting Cruise Members should take places on the starboard side of the Lounge, and second sitting Members on the port side. The Concert will begin at 9 o'clock. EASTER SUNDAY SERVICES Holy Communion wall be celebrated in the Observation Lounge at 7.15 a.m. Morning Service wall be held in the Lounge at 10.45 a.m. Cruise Members are reminded that orders for photographs should be handed in as soon as possible, to ensure delivery before leaving the ship. Pictures do not forget. The most valuable souvenirs of this Cruise wall be your pictures. The Photographer can give you all infornation regarding albums of selected pictures, wThich wall be made up to your order, titled and mounted, and sent to your home address on the completion of the Cruise. Make your selections any time before reaching Gibraltar. The recent census shows that the total number of elephants brought on board by Cruise Members at African ports is 1,028, approximately 2.94 elephants per Cruise member. iimuuiimninir: Miiiiim mimmimimiL iimiinninimiuiM * *a 3% * $£l <| As? ?Q\^i; ^|§* -^ 0 R K*Pf H * f I 1 # r | An Important Addition to Canadian Pacific Chain of Hotels The Royal York at Toronto, Ontario To Be Opened in June, 1929 - Latest Type Passenger Locomotive Canadian Pacific Railway Windsor Station, Montreal, Que.. Canadian Pacific Railway Headquarters uutnitnnmmTTTTT iiummiL mniiimivr.nmi» iiimiimiiiiiin 1111 " lllll,1Br miiMum'iHg CANADIAN PACIFIC South America-Africa Cruise WIRELESS NEWS S.S. Duchess of Atholl. Commander E. GRIFFITHS, R.N.R. SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1929 Received from Rugby. New- York.—War to the knife threatens between the Federal Reserve Board and New York banks when the bottom dropped out of the Stock Market this w7eek. Charles E. Mitchell, president of the National City Bank, came to the rescue of distressed borrowers with the offer of a loan of 25 million dollars, although the rate was 16 per cent and upwards. His action saved the utter demoralisation of the market but drew the wrath of Senator Carter Glass, one of the authors of the Federal Reserve Board, who accuses Mitchell of having slapped the Board squarely in the face and demands his immediate resignation as a director of the New York Federal Reserve. Mitchell made a statement warning the public to be conservative, adding that the crisis which sent call money up to 20 per cent had now passed and that New York banks Would endeavour at all times to avoid such a critic; 1 situation occurring. be closed to-day. New York.—The Chemical National Bank and United States Mortgage and Trust Company are amalgamating. Their combined assets are 40 million dollars. Paris.—Messages received from Spain state that Gene Tunney, the ex- heavy weight boxing champion, who is staying with Matador Algabeno, has been taking lessons in bull fighting. He killed his first bull. His side stepping was very clever, according to eye-witnesses, and he dispatched the animal with a neat sword thrust. New York.—All United States and and Canadian markets were closed yesterday. The New York stock exchange, curb market and cotton exchange will "inrrrimmiinniinmr Montreal.—Sir Lomer Gouin, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, was seized with a heart attack as he was entering his office on his way to a prorogue of the Provincial Legislature, and died twenty minutes later in his wife's arms. His first thought when he recovered consciousness after his collapse wras for the day's duties. In addition to prorogation he had to give Royal Assent to,a number of bills, and, foreseeing complications, with dying breath nmitim.mmmun ■ ■ Washington.—The United States Attorney-General is considering the legality of the American Petroleum Institute's oil curtailment plan under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. he cried to Premier Taschereau, UI can sign." The Speaker ruled that it would be in order to read the bills without the actual presence of the Lieutenant- Governor, who would try to complete them later, but Sir Lomer died before this could be done, leaving Quebec without an official head. Sir Lomer's term of office was the shortest on record. He took the oath on January 10th, succeeding Lieutenant-Governor Perodeau. London.—Brilliant sunshine throughout the country yesterday produced record temperatures in many places. At Ilkley, Yorkshire, 74 degrees exceeded July's mean maximum for the British Isles. London.—The first Imperial air service between London and India opens to-day. Twemdecksl Opportunity for show- *8 ing your appreciation o* 1^1 the Duchess of AtholVs orchestras will present itself at the concert to-night in the Main Lounge. The Concert will be given in place of the Vaudeville programme whith wTas scheduled for to-night. First sitting Cruise Members should take places on the starboard side of th© Lounge, and second sitting Members on the port side. The Concert will begin at 9 o'clock. EASTER SUNDAY SERVICES Holy Communion will be celebrated in the Observation Lounge at 7.15 a.m. Morning Service will be held in the Lounge at 10.45 a.m. Cruise Members are reminded that orders for photographs should be handed in as soon as possible, to ensure delivery before leaving the ship. Pictures do not forget. The most valuable souvenirs of this Cruise will be your pictures. The Photographer can give you all infornation regarding albums of selected pictures, which will be made up to your order, titled and mounted, and sent to your home address on the completion of the Cruise. Make your selections any time before reaching Gibraltar. The recent census shows that the total number of elephants brought on board by Cruise Members at African ports is 1,028, approximately 2.94 elephants per Cruise member. mmmnmnmnr: niiiniiiMii'iiinnnc HUHnnimnira: 1 iiiniiiuimniimn iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniii- immiiniiiumnM nnnmnmrnn ft.. ■.:■:. ;::;:-.. . >-;-,, . .■,■.,, . ^fe-AORK*! # j^^p/^i # An Important Addition to Canadian Pacific Chain of Hotels The Royal York at Toronto, Ontario To Be Opened in June, 1929
Ephemera
Postcards
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Box 247
Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy or otherwise use these images must be obtained from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://rbsc.library.ubc.ca/
Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-247-3
Book of memograms, envelopes, postcards, pamphlets and menus from the Duchess of Atholl's second annual South America-Africa cruise in 1929
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