CONTENTdm
C.P.R. steamships
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Travel
Tourism
Steamboats
Tourism--Great Britain
Tourism--Europe
Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Booklet with information for tourists in England by Canadian Pacific ships. Cover by Kenneth D. Shoesmith. Two copies.
application/pdf
% OLD COUNTRY H OLD COUNTRY HSSPS i CANADIAN PACIFIC^^Rjl CANADIAN PACIFIC 1 GUIDE TO GREAT BRITAIN . GUIDE TO GREAT BRITAIN Canadian Pacific Canadian Pacific Principal Railway and Steamship Passenger Agencies Principal Railway and Steamship Passenger Agencies CANADA EUROPE—continued. Brandon, Man. Calgary, Alta. Edmonton, Alta. .. Fort William, Ont... Fredericton, N.B. .. Gait, Ont. Grand'Mere, Que. .. Guelph, Ont. Halifax, N.S. Hamilton, Ont. Hull, Que. Kingston, Ont. Lethbridge, Alta. .. London, Ont. Medicine Hat, Alta... Montreal, Que. Moose Jaw, Sask. .. Nanaimo, B.C. Nelson. B.C. North Bay, Ont. Ottawa, Ont. Pembroke, Ont. Peterboro, Ont. Port Arthur, Ont. . Prince Rupert, B.C... Quebec, Que. Regina, Sask. St. John, N.B. St. John's, Que. St. Thomas, Ont. .. Saskatoon, Sask. .... Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Shawingan Falls.Que Sherbrooke, Que. ... Toronto, Ont. Trois Rivieres, Que... Vancouver, B.C. Victoria, B.C. Windsor, Ont. Winnipeg, Man. C.P.R. Station 124a Eighth Ave., W. C.P.R. Building .404 Victoria Ave. .410 Queen Street ,25 No. Water St. .C.P.R. Station .30 Wyndham St. .117 Hollis St. .Cor. King and James. .180 Wellington St. . C.P.R. Station .417 Richmond St. .C.P.R. Station .Windsor Station .141 St. James St. .Can. Pac. Station !Baker"& Ward Sts. I .87 Main St.. W. .83 Sparks St. .Pembroke St. .George St. .C.P.R. Station .Palais Station .C.P.R. Station .1812 Scarth St. .40 King St .72 Richelieu St. .372 Talbot St. .115 Second Ave. 529 Queen St. .C.P.R. Station 91 Wellington St., N.. Can. Pac. Building . .178 Notre Dame St. . .434 Hastings St., W.. C.P.R. Station .1102 Government St. .34 Sandwich St., W.. Main and Portage .B. F. .C. .A. .F. J- •J- ,.W ..A. ..A. A. •J- .H. .H .E. ..R. ..F. .T. .W J. ,.L. J- ,.W J- .F. .W ..C. ..J. ..w .w ,.c. ..T. .G. •J- ..W ..D ..C. ..w L. Patterson Ticket Agent. J. Hurkett ...City Passenger Agent. S. Fyfe ...City Passenger Agengk. J. Boreham.-.City Passenger Agent. B. EdgecombeCity Passenger Ageriflp Campbell ...City Passenger AgenjE D. Pelletier ...Ticket Agent. . C. Tully ...City Passenger Agent. C. MacDonald City Passenger Agent. Craig ...City Passenger Agent. Guertin ...City Ticket Agent. H. Welch ...City Passenger Agent. G. Stretton ...Ticket Agent. J. McCallum City Passenger Agent. Schmid ...Ticket Agent. G. Amiot ...District Pass'r Agent. C. Lydon ...City Passenger Agent. J. Colton ...Ticket Agent, m. McGirr ...City Passenger Agent. S. Carter ...District Pass'r Agent. O. Tremblay District Pass'r Agent. A. McGill ...Gen'l Agt..Pass'r Dept. . F. Behan ...City Passenger Agent. Skinner ...City Passenger Agent. C. Gibbs ...Ticket Agent. . C. Orchard ...General Agent. A. Langevin...Gen'l Agt.,Pass'r Dept. W. Dawson ...District Pass'r Agent. . D. Buchanan City Passenger Agent. . H. C.Mac Kay City Passenger Agent. A. Laberge ...City Passenger Agent. G.M.Jamieson City Passenger Agent. B. Hill ...City Passenger Agent. O. Johnston ...City Passenger Agent. H. Ladouceur A. Metivier .. in. Fulton Chenevert .. H.Daly '.'. D. Chetham. . C. Elmer . B. Andrews . . C. Casey Ticket Agent. .City Passenger Agent. .District Pass'r Agent. .City Passenger Agent. .City Passenger Agent. .District Pass'r Agent. .District Pass'r Agent. .City Passenger Agent. .District Pass'r. Agent. . Gen'lAgt. .OceanTra ffic. UNITED STATES Atlanta, Ga. Boston, Mass. Buffalo, N.Y. Chicago, 111. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Detroit, Mich. Indianopolis, Ind. Kansas City. Mo. Los Angeles, Cal. Milwaukee, Wis. Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Portland, Ore. St. Louis, Mo. St. Paul, Minn. San Francisco, Cal. Seattle, Wash. Spokane, Wash. Tacoma, Wash. Washington, D.C. Antwerp, Belgium Basle, Switzerland Belfast, Ireland ... Bergen, Norway ... Berlin, Germany .49 N. Forsyth St. ...E. .405 Boylston St. ...L. .160 Pearl St. ...H. .71 E. Jackson Blvd. ...T. R. .201 Dixie T'm'l Bldg. M. .1010 Chester Ave. ...G. .1231 Washington Blvd.G. .Merchants' Bank Bldg.J. .601 Ry. Exch. Bldg. ...R. .621 So. Grand Ave. ...W .68 Wisconsin St. ...F. .611 2nd Ave. So. ...H .Can. Pac. Building, ...F. Madison Ave., at ...E. 44th St. .Locust St., at 15th .. .338 Sixth Ave. .55 Third Street .420 Locust St. .Robert and Fourth Sts .675 Market St. .1320-22 Fourth Ave... .Old National Bank .. .1113 Pacific Ave. .905 Fifteenth St. G. Chesbrous R. Hart 1 R. Mathewsoi J. Wall S. Elworthy. , E. Malone . H. Griffin . G. McKay . A. McKinney . G. Norris . . Mcllroy . T. Sansom . . M. Tait R. Perry . T. Stebbing. hGen. Agt.Pass'r Dept. ..Gen.Agt.,Pass'r Dept. i Gen.Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen.Agt., Rail Traffic. ..Gen.Agt.,Ocean Traffic. ..G:n. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. Travelling Pass'r Agt. ..City Passenger Agent. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..City Passenger Agent. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Rail Rraffic. ..Gen. Agt., Ocean Traffic. R. C. Clayton . C. L. Williams. W. H. Deacon . G. P. Carbrey . W. H. Lennon. F. L. Nason E. L. Sheehan . E. L. Cardie . D. C. O'Keefe . C. E. Phelps . ..City Passenger Agent. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt.,Soo Line. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Gen. Agt., Pass'r Dept. ..Traffic Mgr., S.I. Rly. ..City Passenger Agent. ..City Passenger Agent. EUROPE .25 Quai Jordaens A. L. Pawlinson, Pass'r Agent. .9 Place de la Gare Centrale Dr. A. Im. Oberstcg. .41-43 Victoria Street ...Wm. McCalla. .Guldskogaarden 2 ...L. D. Kirkwold. .Unter den Linden 39 ...p. Kayser. Birmingham, England Bristol, England ... Brussels, Belgium Bucharest, Roumania Budapest, Hungary Cherbourg, France Cobh, Ireland Copenhagen, Denmark Dundee, Scotland Glasgow, C.2, Scotland Hamburg, Germany Havre, France ... Lemberg, Poland... Libau, Latvia Liverpool, England London, S.W.I, England London, E.C.3, England Manchester, England Naples, Italy Oslo, Norway' ... Paris, France Prague, Czecho-Slovakia Riga, Latvia Rome, Italy Rotterdam, Holland Southampton, England Stockholm, Sweden Vienna, Austria ... Warsaw, Poland Zagreb, Jugo-Slavia .4 Victoria Square ... .18 St. Augustine's Parade .98 Boulevard Adolphe-Max .Calea Grivitei 157 .Baross Ter 12 .46 Quai Alexandre III ... .10 Westbourne Place .Raadhusplads 47 ... .88 Commercial Street .25 Bothwell Street .Ginsemarkt 3 .2 Rue Pleuvry .Grodecka 93 .9 Grossestrasse .Pier Head .62/65 Charing Cross .103 Leadenhall Street .31 Mosley Street .Via Agostina Depretis 62... .Jernbanetorvet 4 ... .7 rue Scribe Poric 22, Legio Bank .L. Smilsu iela 18 .130 Via del Tritone .Coolsingel 91 .Canute Road .Drottninggatan 10 .Operating 6 .117 Marszalkowska .Petrinjska ulica 40 W. T. Treadaway. A. S. Ray. L. H. R. Plummer. D. Kapeller. G. von Braun Belatin. Canadian Pacific. J. Hogan. Bennett's Travel Bureau, Ltd. H. H. Borthwick. Wm. Stewart, Pass'r Agent. T. H. Gardner. J. M. Currie & Co. G. Hyna. L. Callaghan. R. E. Swain, Pass'r Agent. C. E. Jenkins, Booking Agent. G. Saxon Jones, City Agent. J. \V. Maine. Wilmink Borriello, Ltd. E. Bordewick. A. V. Clark, Managing Director E. Schimtz. A. W. Bradshaw. B. T. Paget, Managing Director. J. Springett. H. Taylor, Passenger Agent. J. H. Kuhander. A. W. Treadaway. H. V. Gard. Dr. Ivan Shvegal. 11 ) Westminster Abbey. ( iii ) ® INTRODUCTION CONTENTS THE object of the " Old Country " Guide is to enable the Transatlantic visitor to Europe to become familiar with the network of railway systems and subsidiary steamboat and automobile services, before attempting to follow out a route through the intricacies of the ordinary Time Table. With this object in view, each railway has given an account of itself, in which the array of places of historic interest, of delightful health and pleasure resorts, of important business centres, and of world-renowned manufacturing districts, cannot fail to attract the attention of travellers of all classes. Another point which the Transatlantic visitor should not overlook is the fact that the Canadian Pacific has a network of offices all over Europe, always ready to help the tourist on business or pleasure. The European Head Office is in London, where there is a writing room, containing files of Canadian papers, a tape machine, and suitable accommodation for such callers who would rest awhile from the continual roar of London streets. Letters may be addressed to c/o that office, 62-65 Charing Cross, S.W.I (facing Trafalgar Square), and Canadian Pacific offices at Liverpool, Southampton, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol, Birmingham, Dundee, Belfast, Cobh (Queenstown), Paris, Antwerp, Brussels, Hamburg, Berlin, Rotterdam, Rome, Cherbourg, Vienna, Prague, etc., are similarly at the service of the traveller. RAILWAYS, Great Britain and Ireland. PAGES. 121 Belfast and County Down Railway Cheshire Lines Railway ... ... ... ... 113-115 Great Northern Railway (of Ireland) 120 Great Southern Railways (of Ireland) 117-119 Great Western Railway 93-112 Isle of Man Railway ... ... 116 London Midland and Scottish Railway ... 3-46 London and North Eastern Railway ... ... ... 69-92 Southern Railway ... ... ... ... ... ... 47-62 MISCELLANEOUS. London, Art Galleries, Museums, Termini, location of, etc. 67-68 Cinemas in and around, Places of Interest Map of principal thoroughfares Map of Underground Railways ... Sight-seeing Theatres and Concert Halls Some important Old Country Events 123 124 .. 63-66 127-128 127-128 122 125-126 Trafalgar Square, London. ( i i The Tower of London. ( 2 ) J r London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way " <^> ® ( 3 ( 4 London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way" Useful Travel Information. "THE following officers of the Ix>ndon Midland and Scottish * Railway Company will be pleased to give the fullest information as to travel facilities in Great Britain : J. Fair man, General Agent in America, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York. S. J. Sharp, Canadian Agent, 86 Yonge Street, Toronto. C. R. Byrom, Chief General Superintendent, Derby. AGENCIES IN AMERICA AND CANADA. American and Canadian Travellers intending to visit the districts served by the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company and connecting lines are advised, before commencing their journey, to communicate with the Company's Agents, shown above, who will give them all information and assistance in arranging the programme of the tour, so as to include the most noteworthy places with the minimum of trouble and expense. These agents will also, if desired, issue all the necessary travel tickets in Great Britain. A folder, specially printed for the convenience of American and Canadian passengers, giving useful information about services, fares, travel facilities, etc., will be supplied on application to the Company's Agents in America or Canada. ALONGSIDE THE STEAMER. The Riverside Railway Station, adjacent to the Landing Stage at Liverpool, enables the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company at that port to run trains direct from the steamer's side, and this great convenience has helped to make Liverpool the favourite port of landing for American travellers. LANDING AT ENGLISH PORTS. On disembarking at the landing stage at the English port, passengers will find Railway Officials specially detailed to attend to the requirements of those wishing to continue their journey to London or any other destination in the British Isles. BAGGAGE. The free allowance of Baggage on British Railways is 150 lb. per passenger, first class ; 100 lb., third class. Overseas visitors are permitted excess luggage over that weight, which is charged for at rates varying according to the distance travelled. On arrival at Liverpool, baggage labelled " London" is transferred direct from the steamer to the platform at Riverside Station, where it is sorted out in alphabetical order under the initial letter of the owner. To expedite the transfer and Customs examination, passengers en route to London are asked to see that their baggage is labelled " London " by the Steamship Baggage Master or by the steward on board. Baggage other than for London, is transferred to the Customs House shed, and must be claimed thereat by the owner. Similar arrangements are adopted at the other English ports. The official Time-table Book published by the London Midland and Scottish Railway contains complete information as to Carriers' Liabilities, Insurance, etc., governing the free allowance and the conveyance of passengers' luggage. RAILROAD FACILITIES. Special trains are usually run to London in connection with the arrival of Transatlantic liners. ARRIVAL IN LONDON. On arrival in London, passengers will find an ample supply of taxi-cabs to convey them and their luggage to their hotel or across London to the various railway termini. RESTAURANT CARS. Breakfast, Luncheon, Tea, and Dining Cars are attached to the principal express trains, in which the best food is provided and may be enjoyed in the greatest comfort. A2 ) RESERVED COMPARTMENTS FOR LADIES. A number of first and third-class compartments are reserved on the principal through trains for " Ladies only." INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENT. A Railway Passenger Post Card insuring against railway accidents can be purchased at any London Midland and Scottish Railway booking office, where particulars of insurance against all accidents may also be obtained. INSURANCE OF BAGGAGE. Travellers and tourists can insure their baggage whilst travelling in Great Britain and Ireland for a small premium covering all risks of accidents by land and sea travel, also whilst staying at hotels, and under all conditions, including also the risk of fire, theft, pilferage, etc. Insurance tickets are issued at all stations on the London Midland and Scottish Railway. Rates of premiums and other information can be obtained at the booking offices. TELEGRAMS. Telegrams addressed to passengers or their friends at Euston or St. Pancras Station, London, may be called for at the Telegraph Office ; or may be addressed c/o The Stationmaster at any L.M.S. station " to be called for." '\Stop Over" Facilities. The London Midland and Scottish Railway has arranged a comprehensive programme of " Stop-over " facilities. American passengers when travelling between Liverpool and London (Euston), or between Windermere (Lake District) and London (Euston), may break their journey at the following places : Chester, Leamington for Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon, Northampton for the Washington country, and Bletchley for Oxford and Cambridge. Holders of Through Tickets between Liverpool and London (St. Pancras) may break their journey at Matlock or Matlock Bath ; Bakewell or Rowsley for Haddon Hall and Chatsworth ; Miller's Dale for Eyam, Buxton, Tideswell, and the Derbyshire Dales, and certain other stations, including Manchester and Derby. Holders of Through Tickets between Glasgow (St. Enoch) and London (St. Pancras), " The Burns's Route," are allowed to stop over at any station in Scotland on the direct route via Carlisle, Appleby (for Penrith and the Lake District), and certain other stations. The following routes are also optional for passengers between Liverpool (Central) and London (St. Pancras) by " Midland " trains : 1. Via The Peak of Derbyshire, Matlock, Derby, Leicester, Bedford, and St. Albans (the direct route). Fares : First class, 41s. 3d. ; Third class, 24s. 9d. 2. Via Hope and Hathersage (for Eyam, Castleton, and the North Peak District), from Derby the same route as Route 1, etc. Fares : First class, 41s. 3d. ; Third class, 24s. 9d. 3. Same as Routes 1 and 2 as far as Derby, thence via Nottingham (for Newstead Abbey, Sherwood Forest, " The Dukeries," Cathedrals of Southwell, Lincoln, etc.), Melton Mowbray, Bedford (for Bunyan's and Cowper's country), and St. Albans (Ancient Minster). Fares : First class, 41s. 3d. ; Third class, 24s. 9d. 4. Same as Routes 1 and 2 as far as Derby, thence via Repton, Tamworth, Birmingham (for Stratford-on- Avon and Shakespeare's country), and Leicester, etc. Fares : 41s. 3d. ; Third class, 24s. 9d. ( 6 ) J London Midland and Scottish | THE BEST WAY " TO THE PRINCIPAL RESORTS OF BRITAIN. 11 The Best Way " THE average Transatlantic visitor to " The Old Country" has probably spent many years in learning of Great Britain, its history, literature, great men, and great places. It is not surprising, therefore, that the majority of visitors to Europe prefer to spend most of their time touring England, Scotland, and Wales, visiting possibly their own ancestral homes ; moreover, the fact that they are in a country where their own language is spoken makes for added interest and a feeling of security in travelling in a strange land. Railway travel in Great Britain is without equal for speed and comfort in Europe, and the majority of places of special interest to Transatlantic visitors can be easily reached via London Midland and Scottish Railway. Known as the LMS, it is the largest and most important railway in Great Britain. Of the forty counties of England it penetrates no less than thirty-two. North and South Wales are also directly served by the line, and the whole of Scotland's industrial areas and principal tourist resorts are, with a few slight exceptions, similarly brought into connection with London and the inland centres of population in Great Britain. Further, it provides the principal means of industrial and holiday intercourse with Ireland. The LMS extends to Transatlantic visitors exceptional facihties ; tourist tickets, for instance, between London and towns in Scotland not only permit " stop-over " facilities, but give the option of alternative routes, enabling visitors to see the many points of interest in easy sequence. It is, without exception, " The Best Way." There are numerous places to be seen in England alone, without mention of Scotland, Wales, or Ireland, but there are, among those places, some that claim prior attention—some that must on no account be missed. There is the locality known as the Chilterns, famed for St. Albans and its Roman remains—a corner of early Britain set in sylvan loveliness ; there is Bedford, the home of John Bunyan, author of the immortal " Pilgrim's Progress," Northampton, with its wonderful Norman Church and the cross erected by Edward I to Eleanor, his queen—this town is a good centre from which to visit Sulgrave and Washington's country; there is Stratford- on-Avon, the great Shakespearean shrine, and close at hand Warwick and Kenilworth, with their memories of Earl Guy ( 7 ) and Queen Elizabeth. The ancient and picturesque towns of Shrewsbury and Chester have interests of their own, besides' forming the gateways to North, Central, and South Wales. Further north, the traveller comes upon Liverpool, Manchester, and Preston, the way to Lancaster, " Gaunt's embattl'd pile."- From here it is but a short step to the glorious Lake District of Cumberland, while another short step brings one to the famous Border City of Carlisle, the Gateway to Scotland, the country of the Roman Wall of Hadrian and incidentally the ancestral home of Mr. Woodrow Wilson. On the forward or return journey, according to route travelled, no visitor should fail to visit Derbyshire, whose rock and dainty river scenery, old castles and abbeys, and rich pastures are without equal anywhere. Here you can walk, wheel, or motor, as you desire, and be sure of finding good comfortable inns wherever your fancy may lead you. One of the great advantages of Great Britain as a holiday ground is the fact that distances are short and places within easy reach. Scotland, even the wild Highland country, is under a day's journey fiom London, while the Emerald Isle of Ireland takes but little longer to penetrate. The Washington and Shakespeare district, for example, are but two hours from London (Euston Station), Bedford, one hour from London (St. Pancras), and to other places of interest the time is but little longer. England is pre-eminently the land of the poet and of the novelist. Should he feel so minded, the traveller can make easy pilgrimages to the districts described by George Eliot, Dickens, the Bronte Sisters, Dr. Johnson, Sir Walter Scott, Robbie Burns, and Tom Moore ; nor must we omit the land of the Lake Poets headed by Wordsworth and Coleridge. It is the joy of the unexpected that makes English landscapes so attractive. One finds it difficult to decide between the rival charms of town and countryside. To those interested in history and antiquities, the cities great and small make an appeal that is not easy to resist; the tale of our island story may be traced not merely in musty documents, but in glorious cathedrals, venerable castles, and picturesque old houses. On the other hand, the rural districts of England provide a field no less rich in memories alike to the antiquarian and literary student. The secret of including these and other places in a tour through Great Britain is to possess a properly arranged itinerary such as Mr. Fairman, General Agent in America, London Midland and Scottish Railway, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York; or Mr. S. J. Sharp, Canadian Agent, London Midland and Scottish Railway, 86 Yonge Street, Toronto, will gladly supply to intending visitors without charge. ( 8 ) London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way" SHAKESPEARE'S COUNTRY. i t SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE, STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Anne Hathawavs Cottage. OTRATFORD-ON-AVON is a perfect model of an English ** town ; it has an ancient and noteworthy history dating from the Saxon era, and obtained a charter of incorporation from Edward VI. It was the site of a monastery, and fairs and markets were held there. But it is not for these things that Stratford-on-Avon has become noted in the world's history; it is because within its boundaries William Shakespeare was born and died. The house in which the immortal bard first saw the light of day is a beautiful old half-timbered building in Henley Street, and has, of course, undergone many changes since that time. traversed when on his way to win the affections of his future wife. Nor should a visit to Charlecote, Henley-in-Arden, Wilmcote, and Snitterfield be omitted. Kenilworth. The immortal genius of Sir Walter Scott has added special interest to the mouldering ruins of Kenilworth Castle. The WASHINGTON & FRANKLIN COUNTRY. The Poet's House. The house where the Poet was born consists, on the ground floor, of three rooms. On the right of a large room, which used to serve as the shop, is a small room, and beyond it the old kitchen. Passing up a winding wooden staircase, one enters the room in which Shakespeare was born. Other Memories. The grammar school where the Poet's early days were spent was founded in the reign of Edward IV, and received a charter from that King. Trinity Church, a large and handsome cruciform structure, is beautifully situated on the banks of the Avon. On the north side of the chancel is the Poet's grave. On the wall above is the monument to the Poet, which represents him writing upon a cushion, while a Corinthian column on either side supports a tablet bearing his coat-of-arms and the figures of two children. The bust is considered to be one of the best existing likenesses of Shakespeare. The Memorial Theatre was erected for the purpose of annually celebrating the Poet's birthday by a series of Shakespearean performances. Shakespeare's Country. A trip to Stratford-on-Avon would not be complete unless it included a visit to Shottery, the scene of Shakespeare's courtship of Anne Hathaway. The village is about a mile away, across pleasant meadows which Shakespeare must have often AS a place of pilgrimage for tourists, especially American, **■ Northamptonshire is held in venerated honour because of its ancestral associations with families whose descendants helped to build up the New World. Not only did the ancestors of George Washington five here, but the forbears of three other Presidents—John Adams, John Quincey Adams, and Warren Harding—are also claimed to have sprung from this country; while at Ecton, five miles from Northampton, is the ancestral home of that great genius, Benjamin Franklin, whose father emigrated from there in 1685. For three centuries the Franklins carried on the business of blacksmiths and bell founders, and the appropriately named " Three Horseshoes Inn" forms part of their old home. Not only was Shakespeare a near neighbour, but Harvard, William Penn, Oliver Cromwell, and John Milton all lived within a few miles of the borders of this fair county of " spires and squires " in the heart of England. Starting from Northampton we pass through rural scenery, amid which the celebrated Pytchley Hunt holds sway, with the Royal Princes as enthusiastic members. Passing through the picturesque village of Harlestone, embowered in hills and dales, we come to the beautiful park of Althorp, the seat of Earl Spencer. The mansion has been the scene of many Royal visits, from the days of King Charles I, who, with his retinue, used to come down to play at bowls from the mansion of Holdenby, seen on an eminence on the right of the road, where he was kept a prisoner four months after the battle of Naseby, and taken from thence to be beheaded. ( 10 ) r London Midland and Scottish it The Best Way" " The Cradle of the Washingtons." On ascending the hill to those charming twin idyllic villages, Great and Little Brington, a panorama of pasturage, glen, and glade, " as fair as any this grass-green isle can show," is exposed to view. The villages, with their thatched roofs, grey walls, pretty gardens, and porches over which roses and honeysuckle cluster, are full of an old-world'charm and restfulness. They both belong to Earl Spencer, whose ancestors were united to the Washingtons by bonds of friendship and kinsmanship. They now sleep together within the ancient church of St. Mary, where both families worshipped for centuries. Facing the gates of the church is an ancient preaching cross, from which Wesley used to pour foith his silvery-tongued eloquence. To the antiquary an attractive feature of the church is the old oak pews and the diversity of armorial bearings with which they are embellished. Here can be seen the Washington pew bearing the family coat of arms, and in the centre of the middle aisle is a stone slab covering the entrance to the Washington vault. A brass tablet embedded in the slab is reproduced below: " Here lies interred ye bodies of Elizab: Washington, widdowe who changed this life for immortalite ye 19th of March 1622. As also ye body of Robert Washington Gent ber late husband, second sonne of Robert Washington of Solgrave in ye county of Northampton, Esqr. who dept this life 10th of March 1622 after they lived lovingly together in this parish." This Robert Washington was a younger brother of the two Virginian emigrants. Just below the inscription is another biass coloured with the armorial shield of the Washingtons, showing the stars and stripes from which the motif for the American flag is derived. In the chancel, and adjoining the magnificent mortuary chapel of the Spencers, is the north entrance to the Washington vault, also bearing the Washington arms and the following inscription : " Here lieth the body of Laurence Washington sonne and heire of Robert Washington of Soulgrave in the Countie of Northampton Esqier, who married Margaret the eldest daughter of William Butler of Tees in the Countie of Sussex Esqier, who had issues by her 8 sonnes and 9 daughters with Laurence deceased the 13th December 1616." ' Thou that by chance or choice of this hast sight, Know life to death resigns as day to night; But as the sunns retorne revives the day So Christ shall us though turned to dust and clay." Washington Cottage. A mile drive along a pleasant country lane brings us to Little Brington, containing the cottage where Robert Washington and his wife Elizabeth lived. Over the doorway is a stone slab on which the following inscription is carved : ' The Lord Geveth, the Lord taketh away. Blessed be the name of the Lord. Constructa 1606." This is supposed by some historians to have referred to the fallen fortunes of the family and a subtle allusion to the hereditary lords of Althorpe. In reality, however, it refers to the death of an infant son immediately after his baptism. Floore. A glorious drive down a typical Northamptonshire lane for three miles brings us to the village of Floore, named after the goddess Flora because of the wealth of flowers and orchards that flourished there. After leaving Floore we pass on to the old Watling Street road, built by the Romans from London to Chester, and travel through tiny hamlets, pretty villages, and rural landscapes on every side, among them being Litchborough, Maidford, Adstone, and Canons Ashby. Sulgrave and Washington Manor House. Lovers of the historical must feel a thrill at the sight of this grey historic pile, associated as it was for so many generations with the Father of the American Republic. On passing over the portals one feels to have stepped back centuries, so well has the old Tudor mansion been restored inside and out. The property was bought in January, 1914, by the British Peace Centenary Committee and handed over to the Sulgrave Institution, composed equally of British and Americans, "to be for ever maintained as a place of pilgrimage for all who venerate the name of the Father of the American Republic." Once a forlorn ruin, and used as a farm house, it has now, with its mulhoned windows, grey gables, oak-panelled rooms, and old- world gardens, revived its ancient grace. Copyright] [RischgUz Washington. Inside the porch the Royal Tudor arms—the Lion and Dragon—have been restored from the despoilers' covering of plaster and whitewash. Many valuable relics of Washington, including autograph letters, personal possessions, portraits, ancient deeds, etc., are enshrined here, together with many valuable gifts of Jacobean furniture by societies and individuals. The visitors' book contains many notable names, including members of the Royal Family, ex-President W. H. Taft, American Ambassadors, and distinguished visitors from all parts of the Empire and America. The church of St. James is only interesting because the Washingtons worshipped and are buried here. Laurence WTashington, who built the manor house, is buried beneath a stone slab which originally bore six brasses, three of which have been stolen. The inscription runs : " Here lyeth buried ye bodies of Laurence Washington Gent and Amee his wyf by whome he had issue four sons and seven daughters October 14th 1564." The date of the wife's death is inserted, whilst that of her husband, who died twenty years later, was left blank, as was the custom, to be filled in later. The son and heir, Robert Washington, is buried in the same vault. Towcester.—On the return journey we pass through the quaint old .villages of Helmdon, Wappenham, and Slapton. A journey of four miles brings us to the old country market town of Towcester, which, as its name implies, is of Roman origin. Relics of their occupation have been unearthed here, in and around the " Bury " at the back of the church. Their Watling Street runs through this town, which in the palmy days of coaching was noted for the multiplicity of its good inns, and a favourite stopping-place for our forefathers on their tedious journeys between London and the North. The most famous of the old coaching inns remaining is the " Pomfret Arms," formerly 'The Saracen's Head." Charles Dickens used to stay here. He wrote part of the " Pickwick Papers " in a room still preserved, and the hotel is named in " Pickwick Papers " as the scene of a fight between the rival editors, Pott of the " Eatanswill Gazette " and Slurke of the " Eatanswill Independent." The room in which the scene was laid is still to be seen. ( ii ) ( 12 ) London Midland and Scottish ii The Best Way" \ OXFORD. KfiAKE your way to the High Street—the renowned " High " —and pace it the whole distance from Carfax to Magdalen Bridge. You may search Europe in vain for a more picturesque bit of street scenery. Look only at the diversity of architecture in this noble avenue of colleges. University on the right, frowning in thirteenth-century gloom ; on the left, quaint Brasenose, with its charming old-world quadrangle ; Queen's, rejoicing in the semi-classic elegance of the Renascence ; and, lastly, the glorious tower of Magdalen. Go on to Magdalen Bridge and glance up and down the sluggish stream of the Cherwell, which, if it be a fine day in summer or autumn, will be gay with light pleasure craft. Note the rich meadows on either side, the well-planted botanical grounds, and the de- liciously-shaded gardens of Magdalen College. Nowhere in England—possibly in the world—can you find richer, softer, more elastic turf than in the college gardens of Oxford. o o Oxford, from Magdalen College Tower. The charm of Oxford is that everything, or nearly everything, is old, but still preserved in pristine beauty, the hoary colleges being in active use, filled with the vigorous life of young manhood. If you now retrace your steps to the other end of the " High," and turn to the left down St. Aldate's, you will reach the river by Folly Bridge. On the left you pass the grey walls of Christchurch College and its fine quadrangle. If you turn to the right on leaving the High Street, you find yourself in St. Giles, wherein are the Martyrs' Memorial (where Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer were burnt at the stake in the reign of Mary Tudor) and the colleges of St. John and Balliol. Among other sights that should not be omitted at Oxford are the chapels of Christchurch and New College, the architecture of Oriel College, the Bodleian Library, and the gardens of St. John's and Worcester Colleges. The antiquarian will find much to interest him in the three towns of Brackley, Bicester, and Buckingham ; they are easily reached from the Oxford branch line, and are well worth a visit, apart from their associations with Saxon England. The whole district is an old part of an old country, for Oxford was known as a teaching centre in the days of Alfred the Great. ( 13 ) CAMBRIDGE. ^^LAIMING almost equal age with its sister city, Cambridge is younger as a centre of learning than Oxford. If you come to it fresh from Oxford, the first impression of Cambridge will probably be less striking than that made by the city on the I Silver Isis." But as you penetrate the town the charm of the place grows irresistibly. In spirit with Milton you can " sport with Amaryllis in the shade," for even the slow-moving and sleepy Cam acquires a beauty of its ©wn as it winds along amidst the lovely gardens and noble architecture of the old colleges. On leaving the station the best way of seeing the place is to take a car and drive to the Pitt Press (the rival to Cambridge, Bridge of Sighs. Oxford's Clarendon Press) in Trumpington Street, and there alight. The first colleges you will see are Peterhouse and Pembroke ; next to be noted are Corpus Christi on your right and St Catherine's on your left. As you proceed, the colleges cluster thick together. On your left, in the King's Parade, are King's College, the University Library, the Senate House, and Gonville and Caius ; farther on, in Trinity Street, are Trinity College and St. John's. Trinity is the greatest of all the Cambridge colleges. It has a splendid gateway, three fine quadrangles, a chapel containing statues of Sir Isaac Newton and other famous scholars of the college ; and an admirable library and dining hall, designed by Sir Christopher Wren. At the back of the University Library lie Clare College and Trinity Hall. Other notable features of the town are the Chapel at King's (the glory of the University, and perhaps the finest example of the later English style of architecture in the country—the " chapel beyond compare " of the poet), Milton's ( 14 ) J London Midland and Scottish ■■ The Best Way " The Midland Hotel, Manchester. mulberry tree in the garden at Christ's, the venerable college of St. Peter's, and the Fitzwilliam Museum. If time and weather permit, take a boat from the gardens of Queen's College, and row leisurely along the delicious " Backs " of the Cam ; from that point of view you may realize to the full the glories of Cambridge. The 1 Peak District," a tract of country in North Derbyshire, is one of the most fascinating parts of England. Its delightful landscapes have been the theme of great writers from Sir Walter Scott to John RusHn. Ruskin, who was, perhaps, the greatest authority on " the picturesque," described North Derbyshire as " the most educational of all districts of beautiful landscape, a lovely child's alphabet, an alluring first lesson in all that is admirable and powerful, chiefly in the way it engages and fixes the attention." Passengers may stop over to see the various points of interest. The following stations afford convenient access : Ambergate. Typical Derbyshire scenery. The southern threshold of the " Peak District," abounding in charming hill and valley prospects. One of the most dehghtful stretches of wooded valley scenery lies between Ambergate and What- standwell. " Crich Stand," the Derbyshire landmark so familiar to all tourists, was a tall stone tower crowning the highest point of Crich Hill, near Matlock. It was erected in 1788 for signalling purposes, and was recently taken down owing to quarrying operations. It has now been rebuilt some little distance further back on the hill by subscriptions from the public of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire as a memorial to the fallen of the Sherwood Foresters Regiment during the Great War. Whatstandwell, on the Derwent, is within easy reach of Wingfield Manor, for some time the asylum of Mary, Queen of Scots, under the guardianship of the Earl of Shrewsbury ; Crich Stand, a noted geological eminence ; and Lea Hurst, the home of Florence Nightingale (the subject of Longfellow's " Santa Filomena "). Cromford. Original cotton mills in which Sir Richard Arkwright invented and worked the famous " spinning jenny," and where was first inaugurated the modern factory system of labour. Willersley Castle, Lea Hurst, the Via Gellia. Matlock and Matlock Bath. This district is the centre of a wealth and diversity of scenery rarely met with. The ( i5 ) bold face of the High Tor, midway between Matlock Bath and Matlock Bridge, rises precipitously from the bank of the river Derwent to a height of about 400 feet, composing a perfect picture of natural beauty; the Black Rocks summit between Cromford and Wirksworth affords extensive views of the beautiful Derwent valley; the Via Gellia, another dale of great loveliness, runs parallel to the Matlock valley, which it enters at Cromford a mile to the south. The waters of Matlock Bath have some reputation for their medicinal properties. They appear to have been first used for curative purposes in 1698. Matlock claims to be one of the healthiest inland watering-places in England. The atmosphere contains a much smaller quantity of moisture on the average than most other districts, and the town is effectually sheltered from the cold winds of the north and east. Many remarkable caverns and petrifying wells exist in the neighbourhood of Matlock, a feature not to be found in other parts of the kingdom. The opportunities for beautiful walks and drives are manifold. It is a convenient centre by road or rail for all parts of the Peak district—Buxton, Bakewell, Rowsley, Haddon Hall, and Chatsworth. An eighteen-hole golf course is one mile from Matlock Station. Bakewell, 400 to 500 feet above the sea, has some claims to be regarded as the capital of the Peak. Haddon Hall, Chatsworth, and other points of interest in the Peak district are easily accessible from here. Among its chief attractions is its fine old church. The town is the centre of magnificent scenery. Miller's Dale, 900 feet above sea level, is situated in the centre of lovely scenery, near Buxton, Monsal Dale, and Bake- well. Magnificent views of five dales. Typical Derbyshire scenery. Tideswell. Quaint old market town near Miller's Dale. The parish church, " The Cathedral of the Peak," is one of the most interesting country churches in England, rich in old brasses and carved oak. Buxton. The capital of the " Peak District," the Mountain Spa of Derbyshire. In the month of June the district is robed in its fullest freshness and beauty, and the Buxton Gardens present a series of delightful pictures probably unequalled by those of any other watering-place in England. Situated on the mountain limestone, 1,000 feet above the sea level, and encircled by a belt of hills shielding it from the cold winds of winter, but with a fine, invigorating atmosphere, Buxton possesses exceptional advantages as a health resort, and offers numerous sources of enjoyment in the shape of ( 16 ) London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way ■ 9 Photo] Haddon Hall. [Photochrom delightful walks and drives, high-class concerts, a theatre, tennis courts, hunting, shooting, cricket, golf, etc. The new Cavendish Golf Course is about half a mile from the station, and is destined to become one of the best in the country ; the older Buxton and High Peak Golf Course on Fairfield Common lies 1 100 feet above the sea. Both courses are of eighteen holes. The dales surrounding Buxton are numerous, and the district abounds in fine scenery, the locality in this respect having no equal outside Scotland. Most delightful walks and drives may be made to places of interest in the immediate neighbourhood. The country between Buxton and Macclesfield is remarkably wild, and is part of a very ancient forest. To the south of Buxton is the bold and rocky scenery of the Roaches. Edale commands extensive views of the Castleton and Hope Valleys, the locale of Mrs. Humphry Ward's David Grieve. Picturesque ruins of old Peveril Castle. Hope Station gives access to the villages of Castleton and Bradwell. Surrounded by moor and mountain. There are many beautiful dales in the Peak District, but none more beautiful than the Vale of Hope. Castleton, a short drive from Hope, is chiefly known to fame by its castle and caverns. Peveril Castle, built in 1068 by William Peveril, a son of William the Conqueror, dominates the village, and has been made famous by Sir Walter Scott's Peveril of the Peak. The weird and wonderful caverns were little known previous to the opening of the railway. They were twice visited by the late Queen Victoria. Speedwell Cavern, with its " bottomless pit," the magnificent " Peak " Cavern, and the Blue John Caverns, the only places in England where Fluor Spar or " Blue John " is obtained, and Bagshaw's Cavern, the " Wonder of the Peak." Hathersage. The "Druid's Circle," on the moors, about a mile and a half distant, one of Pulpit in Mellor Church, North Derbyshire. the highest points in the Peak ; the view from it is extremely beautiful. In the churchyard is the reputed burial place of " Little John," Robin Hood's famous lieutenant, requiring nearly 8 feet of earth. Grindleford. Close to the Station are the remains of Padley Chapel. Some fine Scripture carving and the piscina are worthy of examination. Distant three miles from Grindleford is Eyam, one of the most famous villages of the world, with its imperishable memorials of Mom- pesson and his wife, the heroes of the great plague of 1665-6. Mompes- son's chair is preserved in the church and near by is Cucklet Dell, the scene of his open-air services. The churchyard contains some quaint epitaphs, as well as an excellent specimen of a tenth-century Runic cross. "The Merlin Cavern" was discovered as recently as 1895 in Eyam Dale. It runs under the village a distance of 4,000 feet from the entrance, and at intervals opens out into large chambers, 40 feet high, studded with fine stalactites. On Eyam Moor are some Druidical relics, and the district shows many evidences of Roman times, while the scenery and beautiful walks round about add greatly to its charm. Mellor, near Glossop. The old Church of St. Thomas contains a unique example of a fourteenth-century pulpit cut out of a sohd block of oak. Photo] Runic Cross, Eyam. [Photochrom ( 17 Photo] [Photochrom London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way" Photo] Southwell Minster, [Photochrom. Memorials of Mediaeval England. NOTTINGHAM, NEWARK, and SOUTHWELL. Ti Copyright] [Rischgitz. Byron. RAVELLERS from the United States and Canada to London by the LMS Railway can make the journey via Nottingham through the heart of " Merrie England " of the time of Robin Hood. Here the visitor finds himself in the centre of " Ivanhoe " land, from which Sir Walter Scott drew the scenes of his most popular novel, and can examine the sites of Torquil- stone, Rotherwood, Copmanhurst (Friar Tuck's chapel), the remains of Sherwood Forest, with its ancient oaks— " Parliament Oak," the "Major Oak," and " Robin Hood's Shambles "— which have withstood the storms of centuries ; Nottingham Castle, overlooking the town and the beautiful valley of the Trent ; and Clifton Grove, the haunt of the ill-fated Henry Kirke White ; Southwell, with its famous Minster ; the ruins of Bishop's Palace and the Old Saracen's Head Hotel, with its memories of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell; Lincoln Cathedral; the ancient stronghold of Newark Castle, where King John died ; the exquisite Gothic pile of Newstead Abbey, home of Lord Byron, where much of Childe Harold was written; Hucknall Church containing Byron's mausoleum ; and the stately homes of Thoresby House, Clumber, and Welbeck Abbey; Melton, the Metropolis of English foxhunting, and other scarcely less notable places. LEICESTER. Leicester, too, has ancient and interesting landmarks of English history. Its old Castle is now used as an Assize Court, and there is the Abbey Park, in which are the ruins of the ancient foundation of St. Augustine, where, 300 years ago, Cardinal Wolsey, after his fall, " came to lay his weary bones." On the Bow Bridge a stone tablet tells that " near this spot he the remains of Richard III, the last of the Plantagenets, 1485." From Leicester tours by LMS branch fines may be made to Rugby, Lutterworth, with its memories of Wycliffe, the historic battlefields of Bosworth and Naseby, the remains of Charnwood Forest, and its ancient Monastery; the classic Cathedral of Peterboro' ; and the Abbeys of Thorney and Crowland, celebrated in Kingsley's Hereward the Wake. At Kettering a branch fine leadsto Cambridge through Huntingdon, the birthplace of Oliver Cromwell. Bedford and the Country of Bunyan and Cowper. Ti Photo] (Rischgitz. John Bunyan. "HE old town of Bedford, in the prison of which John Bunyan wrote his immortal " Dream," is within an hour of London, on the LMS Main Line. The dungeon in which Bunyan was thrown has long ago disappeared, with the old Bedford Bridge, but other relics remain, and the "inspired tinker's" haunts are pointed out by latter-day students and admirers. Close to Bedford is Olney, another sacred spot, where the saintly Cowper spent the last part of his life, and where he wrote many of his best-known works. Beyond Bedford, half-way to London, is St. Albans, where the earliest Norman Cathedral, on a higher ground than any other minster, dominates the city originally founded by the ancient Britons. Here Britain's "warrior queen," Boadicea, routed the Roman legions in a.d. 61. To Canadian and American Visitors. \A/HEN you visit Europe, time ^ * may not permit you to explore the many nooks and by-ways of the " enchanted land of Derbyshire " of which Ruskin the Master speaks; but, in order to escape " vain regrets" when you return home and indulge in the pleasures of memory, at least make an effort to get a peep at a few. Oliver Wendell Holmes, of illustrious memory, when he came to record his reminiscences of England, wistfully reflected what he would do if he Said he, againfyisited our shores. Copyright] [Rischgitz Oliver Cromwell. Copyright] [Rischgitz William Cowper. "I should make a solemn pilgrimage to the little village of Eyam in Derbyshire, where the Rev. N. Mompesson and his wife, the hero and heroine of the plague of 1665 and its victims he buried. I should like to follow the traces of Cowper at Olney and of Bunyan at Elstow —and, of course, the haunts of Burns and the home of Scott would be so many shrines to which I should make my pilgrimage." All these things, and many others equally interesting, you, the reader, may accomplish if you will make the LMS your guide, philosopher, and friend. ( i9 ) ( 20 ) London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way IS St. Pancras Station. London Tilbury and Southend Section. ~T*HE London Tilbury and Southend Line, now part of the * LMS Railway, provides the shortest and quickest route to Southend-on-Sea, London's nearest important seaside resort. Westcliff-on-Sea, Leigh-on-Sea, and Thorpe Bay are popular suburbs of Southend. The frequent service of fast trains between London (Fenchurch Street, St. Pancras, and Mark Lane Stations) and these resorts has tended to increase the popularity of this part of the Essex coast, not only as a holiday resort for Londoners, but as a desirable place of residence. In the summer season many pleasure steamers call at Southend Pier, affording numerous facilities for short sea trips. Round Southend the sea fishing, which is very good, attracts a large number of anglers. Shoeburyness, the terminus of the line, and one of the oldest towns of England, now mainly owes its importance to the Gunnery School there. Westcliff-on-Sea. Between Shoeburyness and Southend—a pleasant walk—are suitable and favourite sites where Territorials camp in the summer, the air being particularly good. Tilbury has always been a place of importance. As everybody knows. Queen Elizabeth reviewed at Tilbury the troops gathered together to repel the Spaniards in case the Invincible Armada succeeded in landing there. Much has happened since then, and Tilbury has now a world-wide reputation as a seaport, the vessels of some of the largest British shipping companies using the port regularly. The biggest liners may enter and leave at all states of the tide, and can load or unload night or day. Special express trains are run by the LMS Company between St. Pancras and Tilbury for the convenience of passengers arriving or departing by the ocean liners of the Orient and other Companies. Passengers arriving at Gravesend by homeward bound ships not going into Tilbury Docks are conveyed by steam tender to Tilbury Docks and Station. ( 22 ) ^/ f London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way " Tilbury and thence by special train to London, when the ordinary trains do not form convenient connections with the boats. In summer large pleasure steamers sail regularly from Tilbury Pier to the holiday resorts on the Kentish, Essex, and Norfolk coasts. Travellers returning from India and the East. Travellers returning to England from India, and the East generally, via Tilbury, may address letters of inquiry to the LMS Railway Co., Tilbury Docks or Tilbury, in reference to all matters respecting travel to London and provincial towns .in England, Scotland, and Ireland. THE ENGLISH LAKE DISTRICT. T—IERE, within a comparatively small area, will be found ■ most varied and beautiful scenery, embracing hill and dale, mountain, lake, and waterfall, the beauties of which have inspired the minds of many eminent literary men and women, such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, Canning, Sir Walter Scott, Ruskin, Christopher North, Thomas de Quincey, Mrs. Hemans, Harriet Martineau, and Dr. Arnold. The London Midland and Scottish Railway runs into the heart of the district, affording excellent facilities for reaching it from Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Nottingham, Leicester, all parts of Scotland, Bristol, London, and the South. The trains run direct to Windermere, a short distance from the lake of that name ; to Penrith for Ullswater, and Keswick for Derwentwater and Buttermere. There is an alternative route to Windermere, via Carnforth, travelling to Lake Side Station, Windermere, and sailing up the Lake to Bowness and Ambleside. From Carnforth a visit may also be made to Furness Abbey. A service of comfortable steamers' runs between Lakeside and Waterhead (Ambleside), a distance of 10 miles, stopping at several intermediate spots of which the principal is Bowness. Close to the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company's station at Windermere is Orrest Head, a notable point from which many grand views may be obtained. 'Buses from Bowness meet the trains at Windermere Station and convey passengers to the various hotels. The village of Bowness is beautifully situated on the shores of the lake about a mile and a half from Windermere Station, and the view of the lakes and mountains from this point is very fine. From the station at Windermere, coaches and motor cars run to Ambleside, Grasmere, Ullswater, and Keswick. Ambleside is a good centre for excursions, and trips may readily be made to Coniston, the home of Ruskin. The IMS Railway Company have a steam gondola plying on this lake also. Near to Ambleside is Foxhow, the residence of Dr. Arnold. A trip of eight miles from Windermere or four from Ambleside should be made to Grasmere, celebrated for its annual sports. In a corner of the Churchyard here is the much-visited grave of Wordsworth. Passengers travel by coach from Windermere and Ambleside to Ullswater and Keswick, over romantic passes, or they may proceed direct by rail to Penrith, and thence by coaches (which meet the trains) to Ullswater, or through by rail to Keswick. In the neighbourhood of Penrith itself are many beauty spots. The coaches for Ullswater run in connection with steamers plying between Pooley Bridge at one end of the lake and Patterdale at other, the passing through scenery of exceptional beauty. From Penrith passengers proceed by rail to Keswick, a distance of 18 miles, for Derwentwater, or to Cockermouth, 13 miles farther, for Loweswater and Crummock Water. Keswick is a pleasant little town nestling amongst the hills, and the only real town in the district. There are many good hotels, and Derwentwater is within a few minutes' walk of the town. Many charming tours may be made through the lake country from Keswick, including the famed Lodore Falls, Honister Pass, and the Lakes of Buttermere, Crummock, and Bassenthwaite. Lovers of mountaineering will find plenty of ■ , UPll r^^gjl!H lEsss • | j 1 i atflb- ■ 1 "|*S* '■4i » Sk Ear -"^Slf* \\ l..-W*gLJa ^ Friar s Crag, Derwentwater. ( 23 ) The Rows, Chester. ( 24 ) London Midland and Scottish ii The Best Way ss The Cross, Chester. exercise for their hobby in the ascent of Scawfell Pike (3,210 feet), Scawfell (3,162 feet), Helvellyn (3,118 feet), and Skiddaw (3,058 feet). All the ascents may be made from Keswick: CHESTER AND NORTH WALES. CEW old towns can show such a wonderful collection of remains as Chester ; it is unique in that it is the only British town of which the walls are still complete ; these walls comprise a circuit of nearly two miles and form a pleasant walk for the visitor. Another very interesting feature of the place is the series of " rows," a kind of cloister which forms a covered way along the sides of the principal streets ; these rows occupy the space in front of the first floors of the picturesque timbered houses. A Roman hypocaust, or heating apparatus, and the ruins of the Norman church of St. John are among the other beauties of the city. The church is most charmingly placed in a tree-covered pleasance near the graceful suspension bridge which spans the Dee at this point. The cathedral is a magnificent pile, built of the red sandstone found in the neighbourhood ; unfortunately this is not a good wearing material, and many restorations have been found necessary. The first church on this site was erected in the latei period of the Roman occupation, dedicated to the two great apostles ; there were many changes of patron saint for the edifice, for it was afterwards placed under the protection of St. Werburgh, St. Oswald (the conqueror of Cadwallador), and St. Peter at subsequent periods ; at the Reformation it was dedicated to Christ and the Blessed Virgin. The great church is cruciform in shape, with an imposing central square tower. There is some Norman work, but the greater part of the fabric is Gothic, of the various styles adopted in England. The nave, choir, transepts, and cloisters do not require the attention of the visitor being called to their glories. Other points to be noticed are the sixth-century font, the mosaics in the nave, the arms of Cardinal Wolsey in the north transept, the remains of the shrine of St. Werburgh (dating from the tenth century), and the colours of the Cheshire Regiment borne at the taking of Quebec in 1759. HOLIDAY RESORTS. ^HESTER is the gateway to the famous North Wales district, which is as fascinating to the student of history as it is beautiful to the artist. Among the livelier places in this district may be mentioned Rhyl with its golden sands, Colwyn Bay with its verdant dells, Llandudno on one of the most beautiful bays in the world, and Beaumaris in the Isle of Anglesey. Other resorts of a quieter nature are the Vale of Clwyd, the Conway and Lledr Valleys, the Anglesey Coast, and the parts around Snowdon, the centre for which is Llanberis. Bettwys-y-Coed is the centre of a countryside particularly rich in natural beauty. Here there is a curious old stone bridge, built in 1468 by a mason at his own expense because he was annoyed at floods preventing his crossing the river. Towards Blaenau Festiniog, the terminus of the branch, are two old stone bridges near Pandy Mill; one of these is about 600 years old, while the other is of Roman work. Festiniog is where the great slate quarries are. From here a two-foot gauge line runs down to the coast. It looks like a toy, but it is very soundly constructed and conveys an immense traffic, for, in addition to the slate traffic, the fine scenery tempts a large number of visitors to make a trip over it. Returning to the main line and the coast we cross the River Conway, whose estuary, to quote an old appreciation, " has its beauty concentrated at its mouth almost in a single view." Conway Town (the full name is Aber-Conway), the Conovium of the Romans, is rich with a thousand beautiful details : the old-world streets ; the two bridges, Telford's road bridge and Robert Stephenson's railway bridge, lying across the river side by side ; the glorious old castle, in a magnificent state of preservation ; last, but not least, the wonderful situation of the whole of the mouth of the most lovely of all the Welsh rivers. The town is famed as the scene of many a fierce conflict between the English and the Welsh, but fortunately the battles have merely scarred the venerable ruins. On the coast again we pass Penmaenmawr, a conical hill of imposing aspect, upon whose summit is one of the early British (pre-Roman) fortifications ; the neighbourhood is exceedingly rich in these early relics of wild Britain. The coasts of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire now begin to converge, narrowing the channel at last into the Menai Straits. Telford's great suspension bridge soon appears, quickly followed by the Britannia tubular ( ) Snowdon from Llyn Llydau. ( 26 ) London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way SS bridge, which carries the line over the island to Holyhead. Bangor, the Welsh university town, on the mainland, and Beaumaris, with its charming old castle, on the island, claim attention, and there is much pretty country to be seen across the water. The old Welsh capital, Caernarvon, sings its own praises as the visitor approaches it ; delightfully situated at the narrow southern bend of the straits, it presents an aspect of antique beauty seldom equalled. In Roman times it was called Segontium and was the terminus of the Via Occidentalis, a branch from the Watling Street at Chester. Its history is too long to be told here, so I will confine myself to reminding the traveller that in the grey old castle the newly-born son of Edward I was introduced to the Welsh as the first English " Prince of Wales." The King promised the people of WTales that they should have a prince who was unable to speak a word of English ; they, suspecting no trap, welcomed the idea, whereupon Edward came forth with the infant in his arms, saying (according to a tradition) " Eich dyn—this is your man ! " Some antiquaries trace the origin of the motto Ich dien to this occasion. The infant prince could not speak English ; neither could he speak any known language. The castle, where you may still see the room in which the prince was born, is one of the finest mediaeval castles in the world ; the space enclosed by the walls, which are from eight to ten feet thick, is very large ; thirteen towers rise above the main buildings, and from one of the three highest, the Eagle Tower, a magnificent prospect can be surveyed. From Carnarvon the parts around Snowdon, the highest mountain in South Britain, can be reached, via Llanberis ; the drive through the pass of that name should not be omitted. The ascent of the mountain may be made by a rack railway. On the other side lie Aberglaslyn, Capel Curig, and Beddgelert, the last-named being the place where the faithful hound Gelert was slain by its too-hasty master. The story tells us that Prince Llewellyn, thinking that the dog had killed his child, plunged his sword into the animal's heart, only to discover, five minutes later, the child safely sleeping under the overturned cradle, while close by lay the dead body of an enormous wolf. Realizing, too late, that Gelert had saved the child's life at the loss of his own, Llewellyn erected a sumptuous tomb. Carnarvon Castle. ( 27 ) Pandy Mill, Bettws-y-Coed ANGLESEY. I HIS beautiful island county is separated from the mainland by the Menai Straits. The channel is spanned by two bridges, the wonderful Menai Suspension Bridge, and the Tubular Railway Bridge. Anglesey has a fine rocky and indented coast for long stretches, alternating with charming sandy bays. The highest hills are near Amlwch and Holyhead ; but a considerable part of the island is undulating, whilst some tracts are pastoral and agricultural land. There are several lakes, and a number of streams and brooks enliven the valleys. The winter climate is remarkably mild. All round the coast there is sea-fishing and boating, while many of the streams hold trout and other fresh-water fish. There are good roads in all parts of the island diverging from the main highway, Telford's famous Holyhead Road. One of the most charming seaside places in Anglesey is Beaumaris, which faces Bangor and Aber on the mainland. Holyhead is the point of departure for Ireland, and here is an admirably constructed harbour. In every direction the coast of Anglesey is delightfully varied and picturesque. Many of the crags are wooded and ivy-clothed. About three miles stands the well-known Cliff Hotel overlooking a long stretch of from Holyhead is the beautiful Trearddur Bay. Here are golf links and tennis courts, and within reach there is trout fishing. Yachtsmen, sea-anglers, wild-fowl shooters, golfers, tennis players, campers, naturalists, and lovers of marine scenery will find full facilities for enjoying their holidays in Anglesey. Many artists visit the island, and find a great variety of subjects along the coast and in inland dells. The fish most abundant around the coast are bass, pollack, mackerel, gurnet, plaice, and wrasse. There is good fishing from the reefs in many places, and from boats in the bays. ( 28 ) London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way SS SHREWSBURY, the WELSH BORDER, and CENTRAL WALES. Shrewsbury. Shrewsbury, the capital of Shropshire, is of great antiquity, having being built by the Britons on the ruins of the ancient Uriconium, near Wroxeter, which was a celebrated Roman station on the Watling Street. From its position on the Marches of England and Wales, Shrewsbury was the scene of almost continual conflict. Here occurred the famous battle described in Shakespeare's " Henry IV." Part I, where the King and Prince Hal defeated Douglas and Hotspur, the latter being slain. Among the many antiquities of the town are the Castle, the Square, Wyle Cop—with its fantastic black and white houses— some of its old wall, the ancient church of St. Mary, and the beautiful red stone Abbey Foregate Church. This last was the conventual church of the abbey founded in 1083 for Benedictine monks from Normandy. A distinguished member of the community was Odericus Vitalis, born in 1074, one of the ablest of the early historians. Shrewsbury possesses one of the great public schools, founded by Edward VI in 1553. Sir Fulke Greville and his friend Sir Philip Sidney were educated here. William Wycherley, one of the most famous of the Restoration dramatists, was another of its scholars. Yet another famous resident was Admiral Benbow. The Severn is spanned at Shrewsbury by two fine stone bridges, that on the west being called the Welsh bridge and that on the east the English. The Grammar School, Shrewsbury. Church Stretton. Situated amid high wooded knolls that are really of very considerable height, Church Stretton has strong claims upon the traveller's time. The little township is modern, but by no means distasteful to the eye, while the church—a venerable cruciform structure—is exceedingly beautiful and contains some good Norman and Early English work. Among the hills round the town is Caer Caradoc, which drives its name from Caractacus. On this hill the British chieftain, early in the first century, carried out extensive defence works, the remains of which can easily be seen. Church Stretton. Ludlow. Beautiful Ludlow Castle was once the strongest fortress that guarded the Middle March of Wales ; the Norman castle, held long by the de Lacy family, replaced an earlier British fortification. Ludlow sheltered the " little Princes of the Tower," who were removed hence, from the care of Earl Rivers, by order of Richard III and cruelly put to death in London. In addition to the castle, Ludlow possesses several other features of interest. There is a quaint Market Hall, the Gateway in Broad Street, and the old chapel in the castle grounds ; there are two fine bridges, the more picturesque of the two being situate in the neighbouring village of Ludford ; a local beauty spot is Mary Knoll Valley with its tree-clad sides. A visit should be paid to two old hotels, the " Angel" and the " Feathers " ; the latter was licensed in 1521, the year in which licences were first granted. Hereford. Hereford is an historic and picturesque town on the River Wye, dating from early Saxon times ; it is said to have been an episcopal see before the Romans withdrew from England. In 655, Oswy, King of Mercia, made it part of the diocese of Lichfield ; and Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a synod there in 673. The cathedral is said to have been founded by Offa, in expiation of the murder of Ethelbert, in 782. Shortly after this, the town was heavily fortified ; but the Welsh, led by Grufydd, Prince of Wales, reduced it to a heap of ruins in 1055. In revenge for this crime, Harold, the hero of Senlac, marched into Wales and punished the marauders severely; on his return he rebuilt the defences and enlarged the castle. The cathedral is an exceedingly interesting building, dating from 1107 ; it was copied from the church at Acahen (Aix la Chapelle) by Bishop Raynelm. The nave is Norman, as is most of the choir ; the north transept is Early English with Decorated windows, having a triforium of exquisite beauty and trefoiled circular clerestory windows. ( 30 ) J London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way" Among the old manuscripts kept here (Hereford is very- rich in early books) is Sir John Mandeville's " Mappa Mundi," which shows the world in the year 1300 ; the map is circular, with Jerusalem as its centre. Hereford is also celebrated as the birthplace of two famous thespians : David Garrick and Nell Gwynn, whose respective birthplaces were the Angel Inn and a small house in Pipe Lane. The Central Wales Line. The journey from Shrewsbury to Carmarthen is one of the most delightful railway rides in Britain, on account of the great beauty of the country and the many interesting places through which the train passes. After leaving Shrewsbury, we pass through the lovely hills round Church Stretton, parting company with the Hereford line at Craven Arms, whence a short run up a valley enclosed by dome-shaped and thickly-wooded hills brings us to the pretty little town of Knighton. From here there is a stiff climb across Knucklas Viaduct, from which a very fine view is obtained, to Llangunllo Summit, from which a rapid descent is made to the Four Welsh Spas. The Four Wells. These spas are Llandrindod Wells, a flourishing and lively town, perhaps the best centre for the Central Wales district; Builth Road (for Builth Wells), beautifully placed on the lovely river Wye—a fine fishing stream; Llangammarch Wells among the pines ; and Llanwrtyd Wells, which has, perhaps, the finest situation of the four. We are now very much among the hills ; after breasting the next summit, we descent over the Cynghordy Viaduct to Llandovery. From the viaduct an exceptionally fine view of the curiously-shaped Sugar Loaf Hill is obtained. After this, the scenery becomes more peaceful, but the whole valley is very beautiful, culminating in Llandilo, a town whose quaint houses are picturesquely grouped on the side of a wooded hill. Here a graceful stone bridge, a single arch of 145 feet span, completes a picture in which man has assisted Nature to make things beautiful. From Llandilo our journey lies along a valley flanked with hills luxuriously covered with fine trees, from among which the striking ruin of Carre g Cennen Castle peeps out; the river Towy accompanies us down to Carmarthen ; as well as adding to the beauty of the landscape, it provides fine sport for fishermen. The fine farms and generally flourishing air that marks rural life in the Vale of Towy has a most cheerful effect in these days of agricultural ugliness. Carmarthen. A place of remote antiquity, Carmarthen is thought by some to have been the capital of a British kingdom in pre- Roman days. In the old church of St. Peter, which dates from 1100, there is preserved a Roman altar; other remains of large buildings have been excavated recently. St. Peter's Church is a beautiful piece of work in the various English styles. The bridge, a curious stone arched structure of great age, plainly shows its three successive widenings ; on the river may be seen coracles, ot the same pattern as those used in the country five hundred years before the Christian Era. From the riverside, the castle presents an imposing appearance, but it has not been well preserved. The chief charm about Carmarthen lies in its beautiful situation ; river, forest, and hill combine to give a most pleasing impression, while the view from the town looking either up or down the Vale of Towy is fine indeed. Two or three miles away is Merlin's Hill, near Abergwli ; this is the place, according to the old tradition, where Merlin, the Wizard of Wales, had his famous cave. THE LANCASHIRE COAST. 'THE two important counties stretching across England from * sea to sea served by the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company, whose fine connects Liverpool and Hull, contain within its boundaries holiday districts and holiday towns, famous historical cities, and modern seaside resorts and watering-places calculated to suit every possible variety of taste or inclination. Blackpool occupies first place amongst the Lancashire Coast Resorts. Health-seekers and holiday-makers in quest of tonical pleasures find in Blackpool all the ideal elements ; so healthy is it that the death rate stands at a remarkably low figure. This is largely due to the sea and the sands : they are really magnificent in point of firmness and cleanliness, as well as extent; they are the finest in the kingdom. The magnificent Promenade, with its sea-wall tramway and carriage drives and marine esplanades to the north, is to-day without a rival. Upwards of half a million of money has been spent on this great engineering work. Supplementary to the promenade are the esplanades at North Shore, three fine parades Blackpool. on different levels, forming admirable vantage grounds from which to refresh the eye and enhven the mind with the ever- changing panorama of the ocean and the ever-shifting throngs along the shore. Lytham St. Anne's is undoubtedly one of the very prettiest of the many watering- places that have of recent years sprung up on the Lancashire coast. The town has aU the advantages of modern science in its construction and nene of the disadvantages of older seaside towns, and on this account mainly it has become a popular resort with the weU-to-do, middle, and aristocratic families of the North of England. ( 3i ) ( 32 ) London Midland and Scottish The Best Way The sands are broad, clean, firm, and absolutely safe from the dangers so common to seaside resorts. Here children may romp for hours whilst they inhale the ozone-laden breezes. TrwwfcMii n i TdwrTiiiiBLLL^ Plioto] [Photochrom Pier and Hotel Majestic, St. Anne's-on-Sea. The town stands on a site commanding extensive views of marine and land scenery, and has a singularly picturesque appearance from whatever direction it may be viewed. Though standing high, it is in a sheltered position, protected from the cold north winds, and has a south and west aspect, facing the broad estuary of the river, and looking out on the great expanse of the Irish Sea. Fleetwood is a remarkably clean and attractive town. From the handsome parade one can enjoy to the full the glorious sea, the refreshing and invigorating ozone-laden breezes, while a charming picture of marine and landscape scenery is unfolded to the eye. Fleetwood has-developed most remarkably into one of the leading centres of the deep-sea fishing industry, and the landing of catches is always of interest to visitors. The town occupies no mean place in the scale of pleasure resorts in spite of the fact that it is somewhat dwarfed in this respect by its neighbour, Blackpool. Indeed, many good judges prefer the more sober pleasures of Fleetwood to the gaiety of Blackpool. Southport stands a little apart from the main group of the Lancashire seaside resorts both in character and situation. Half-way between Preston and Liverpool, it is a beautiful and admirably planned town spread over an extensive area, and, although the country hereabouts is generally flat, except for a few miles of sandhills, architects and gardeners have managed to give the town a picturesque appearance. Southport is a new town with a real life of only some sixty years, but its newness has been skilfully toned down by gardens, greensward, and trees. From a general survey one gets an impression of spaciousness, of air, of distance, and of room to move about, but it is quite perceptible even in the shopping centre to the observant. The principal street discloses itself as a boulevard. On one side visitors to the shops are protected by a " public umbrella " which, among other things, gives a sheltered promenade of half a mile in wet weather, with hanging baskets of bright flowers and ferns to diversify it. Opposite, many of the houses preserve their long gardens, and when the march of improvement comes along—nowadays usually in the form of new picture- houses—the garden space is never allowed to be built on. Photo] The Municipal Buildings, Southport. Avenues of trees, miniature gardens, fountains, and rustic seats mark the line of the road, and in the biggest and fairest flower gardens a municipal band plays two or three times a day in the summer. To bring these things up as far as divergencies of national taste will permit to the Continental usage, the band also plays on the Sunday. An open-air tea room finds a place in the enclosure, and in the evenings garden and avenue are illuminated by coloured lamps. NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE. CTOKE-ON-TRENT, with the adjacent towns of Tunstall, *^ Burslem, Hanley, Longton, and Fenton, forms the district so widely known as the Potteries, famous all the world over for the excellence of its manufactures of all kinds of domestic and artistic china and earthenware. It is the principal seat of the ceramic industry in England, and, if space permitted, much might be said of the beautiful work of many English Potters, from the great Josiah Wedgwood, who was born at Burslem in 1730, down to the present time. It must, however, suffice to refer those interested to the principal manufacturers, such as Wedgwoods, Mintons, Copelands, Cauldon, Limited, all of whose works are within easy distance of Stoke Station, and Messrs. Doulton, of Burslem. These firms courteously allow inspection of their showrooms, which will reveal such treasures of the ceramic art as could be found in no other town in Europe. The greater part of the district is very picturesque, and has literary associations which cannot fail to interest the visitor. Within a short walk of Mow Cop Station, easily reached from Crewe, stands Moreton Old Hall. It is a perfect specimen of a half-timbered Manor House of the 16th century. The moat is crossed on the south side by a stone bridge, the Arms of the ( 33 ) ( 34 ) London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way" Moreton family being carved on the centre panel. To the spectator passing through the gateway into the courtyard, the beauty of the building at once appeals. Two magnificent bay windows, with their glass exquisitely leaded, are opposite the entrance. The visitor to Moreton Old Hall should not fail at the same time to see Astbury Church, and this can readily be done by returning via Congleton. The church was erected about 1250. The chancel is formed of Gothic screens of great beauty, one of which, of the Tudor period, is skilfully carved in oak, and the roofs are a marvel of woodwork. A short journey of fourteen miles from Stoke will bring the visitor to Rudyard, a very widely known holiday resort. The great attraction of Rudyard is, no doubt, the lake, which is a splendid sheet of water some two or three miles long, set amidst the most beautifully wooded hills. The water affords ample opportunities for boating and fishing, and, in addition, at the north end of the lake, an excellent eighteen-hole golf course has been laid out. There are excellent hotels at Rudyard, the chief of which is the Hotel Rudyard, where the best accommodation may be obtained. Dovedale is quite easily reached from Ashbourne, and it may truthfully be described as the most beautiful dale in England. Here Izaak Walton, the author of " The Compleat Angler," spent much of his time with his friend Charles Cotton in fishing the waters oi the Dove. Rudyard Lake from South End. Rudyard is a convenient centre from which visits may be paid to many places of great beauty and interest. The Dane Valley and Ludchurch are not far away. Also, by way of Leek (the capital of the Moorlands), the Manifold Valley may be easily reached. This beautiful valley, until recently hidden away and almost unknown, is now rendered accessible to all by means ol the " Toy " Railway which, for a distance of about nine miles, winds through some of the most charming and romantic scenery of the Midlands. The visitor, and especially the visitor with literary tastes, travelling between Crewe and Derby, should leave the main hue at Uttoxeter to make an excursion into the beautiful Ashbourne and Dovedale country. Ellastone, a village not far from Norbury Station, is the " Hayslope " of " Adam Bede," and here Dinah Morris, the heroine of that world-famous book of George Eliot's, lies buried. A few miles farther on we reach Ashbourne, where an inspection of the Church of St. Oswald— often, on account of its extreme beauty, called the Cathedral of the Peak—should by no means be omitted. ( 35 ) Beeston Tor. Manifold Valley. THE VALLEY OF THE EDEN. THE Eden Country has been described as "a perfect El Dorado of dehght—a valley of surpassing loveliness." The river teeming with fish, flows through a land of rich pasturage, deep down through the red sandstone hills, and forms a succession of beautiful views for the greater part of the run from Kirkby Stephen to the Border city of Carlisle. Kirkby Stephen. A small market town near the head of the Eden Valley, contains many antique and interesting features. The church with its Gothic tower is an imposing structure. Near the station are the rocks of Stenkrith, where the Eden winds through the deep gorge of freestone rock. Crosby Garrett. Is three miles from Kirkby Stephen, and stands in the valley at the foot of Crossby Fell. The church is an interesting structure and occupies a steep eminence just to the north of the village. On this hill the early missionary raised the cross, symbol of Christianity, and the village rose in the valley, hence Crossby, the village by the cross. Appleby. A quaint and interesting little town, the Capital of Westmorland, and the smallest county town in England. There are some high fells in the neighbourhood, and here the angler will find plenty of trout in the River Eden. It is a place of great antiquity. Numerous relics of a prehistoric race of people, which inhabited this district long anterior to the Roman period, are to be seen scattered within a few miles of the town. ( 36 ) I London Midland and Scottish "The Best Way 11 i The venerable and majestic keep, known as Caesar's tower, stands at the west end of the quadrangular green. The views of the winding Eden from the battlements of Caesar's tower are both extensive and beautiful. Four miles away is the village of Sowerby, granted in the reign of the second Henry to the Knights Templars, hence its present name, Temple Sowerby. It is a beautiful village and the scenes along the River Eden, which here slightly bends to the north-east, are very charming. Another picturesque village is Langwathby, where everything is so defightfully irregular, curious nooks, the most primitive and ancient gables, broom-thatched cottages with deep overhanging eaves. Samson's Chambers, Armathwaite. Armathwaite. Some five or six miles further down the river Armathwaite reposes dreamily in the bosom of the vale. The church is a most primitive structure, one curious feature being the bell, which is rung from the outside, and a cover is raised to protect the ringer during stormy weather. The bridge, of three arches and long angular buttresses, is most charmingly situated. The water above and below the bridge is a famous fishing length and holds good salmon and trout. BONNIE SCOTLAND. NTO tour of the British Isles or Europe is complete without * ^ a visit to Bonnie Scotland. Due to the excellent travelling facilities offered by the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company to suit the convenience of Transatlantic tourists, the land of picturesque and grand scenery—-of Wallace and Bruce, of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Bonnie Prince Charlie, of Burns and Scott—may be visited in little more than three hours from Liverpool. A splendid service of express trains fly northward over the Border daily. These trains are the latest in build and the equipment is on the most up-to-date lines, the luxurious fittings ensuring comfortable travel. Luncheon and dining cars are on all Day Expresses, and a sleeping car service is provided on the principal Night trains. The Tourist tickets allow stop-over privileges at many places in Scotland on the direct route. The journey from the great shipping port on the Mersey is a remarkably interesting one. The route lies through the most C2 ( 37 ) tinued through the romantic Border and Ballad Land. [Photochrom. Sir Walter Scott. picturesque part of England, the English Lake District, rendered famous the world over as the home of the Lake poets. Passing through the pretty Border city of Carlisle, the journey is con- Gretna, where many a runaway marriage has been made, being passed, the train runs through the lovely vale of Annandale and stops at Beartock. Beattock is the place at which change those bound for Moffat, the capital of the Southern Highlands and the starting point for the tour through Yarrow and Ettrick, the Scott and the Ettrick Shepherd country. Leaving Beattock the way is upward, ever upward, to the famed Summit, from which point the fine descends through the lush countryside of Upper Clydesdale, a district rich with memories of the deeds of the Black Douglas and with stories of the Covenanters. The River Clyde, a mere infant compared with the stream which farther down bears on its bosom the argosies of commerce, is frequently seen winding through lovely landscapes. Numerous pretty hamlets, such as Crawford, Abington, and Symington, where a fine runs to Peebles and the storied vale of the Tweed, are passed. At Carstairs, the Edinburgh portion of the train branches off. For those who wish to visit the historic Capital of Scotland it may be mentioned that tickets via Carlisle and the LMS Railway to Glasgow and beyond enable passengers to travel to Edinburgh either going or returning without extra cost. Edinburgh, which has been touched with the fairy finger of romance, is a beautiful city, particularly interesting because of its association with all the principal figures and outstanding incidents in Scottish history. At Carstairs, too, passengers for Lanark and the Falls of Clyde also change. From Carstairs, a short run brings us to the Central Station of Glasgow, undoubtedly the finest and most convenient railway terminus in Great Britain. Glasgow, the commercial capital of Scotland, is an excellent centre from which to visit the beautiful and romantic countryside of the West of Scotland. It is especially convenient for anyone who wishes to spend a day on the noble estuary of the Clyde. Taking train from Glasgow, the tourist, after a journey of fifty minutes, reaches the charming seaside resorts of Gourock or Wemyss Bay, from which numerous passenger steamers of the latest type sail hourly, or the steamer may be joined at Greenock (Prince's Pier). Such glorious trips as up Loch Long (a Norwegian fiord in miniature), up Loch Fyne, at the head of which is situated Inveraray, the family seat of the Duke of Argyll, or through the fairyland of the Kyles of Bute, a narrow strait, the scenery of which combines the beautiful with the sublime, may be made at remarkably moderate rates. A trip to Loch Lomond, a glorious inland loch, set amid heather-clad mountains and gemmed with numerous picturesque islands, is another admirable tour which may be conveniently made from Glasgow. From that city, too, a short but interesting run is to Stirling, in whose noble castle Mary, Queen of Scots, was born. The town is surrounded by the sites of famous battlefields of Scotland. Bannock- burn is only two miles off, while the site of the Battle of Stirlinsr [Photochrom. Robt, Burns. Brig, where Wallace defeated the English, is but a stone's throw from the castle ramparts. ( 38 ) J London Midland and Scottish sA John Knox s House, Edinburgh. From Stirling, the tourist may go on to Oban, passing on the way Bridge of Allan, Dunblane, and Callander, whence the route is through the Central Highlands of Scotland, for ever peopled with the characters of Sir Walter Scott. The district is the scene of " The Lady of the Lake," and the atmosphere of that poetic romance dowers every aspect with charm. It is Oban. a land of great beauty—of beetling precipice and towering mountain ; of gloomy defile and delightful glen ; of placid loch and brawling stream. Through wild and picturesque passes the railway threads its way on to Oban, whence, in addition to inland tours to such impressive places as Glencoe, " the Glen of Weeping," steamer excursions may be enjoyed to Iona, the Sacred Isle of Scotland, Staffa, and the other delectable ( 39 ) "The Best Way Bl islands, whose appeal to the Gael is so poignantly expressed in the fines : " From the lone shieling in the misty island, Mountains divide us, and a waste of seas, But still our hearts are true ; our hearts are Highland And we in dreams behold the Hebrides." GLENEAGLES. Just twelve miles north of Dunblane on the Main North Route is Gleneagles, Scotland's newest and greatest golfing resort. Gleneagles Hotel. Gleneagles possesses two of the finest countryside golf courses in the world—the King's Course, a championship course and the Queen's Course. Gleneagles is situated in one of the prettiest parts of Perthshire, Scotland's loveliest county, and, in addition to the sporting and scenic attractions of its own, it hes within easy distance of Loch Leven, Loch Earn, Loch Tay, Loch Awe, The Trossachs, and all the other famed show places of the Central Highlands. A palatial hotel has recently been opened alongside the golf courses at Gleneagles. A finer prospect than that of a visit to Gleneagles could not await you at the close of a tour through the Trossachs, nor, for the matter of that, as a preliminary to such a tour. With its modern and palatial hotel, owned and managed by the London Midland and Scottish Railway, Gleneagles is the ideal centre for touring Scotland and the Central Highlands. It draws to-day all to whom golf counts among paramount holiday pleasures, for as it has been said in Scotland for years past, " Golf is Golf at Gleneagles." Pilgrim golfers from England or from abroad will be surprised, no doubt, when they learn that entry to Perthshire brings them to a province where golf has been played for five centuries ! It is an astounding record when considered in the light of modern enthusiasm for the game. Especially so when we think for a moment how in the main the characteristics of play have altered but little since early times when Scottish Royalty and the nobility were ready to join issue with " commoners and cobblers" in a round of the finks. The democratic influence of such sporting encounters may not be plainly reflected in Scottish history, but that is, perhaps, the fault of the historians who were wont to treat of grandiose events rather than of the simple ( 40 ) London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way " pleasures of the people. What they do tell us is that " gowff " engaged the minds of early Scots to an extent that threatened seriously to lessen business activity and undermine the religion of the country. Edicts restricting the pursuit of the pastime, and, in instances, forbidding it entirely, were issued under authoritative seal, yet such was the love for golf that these were overridden and with an ultimate scorn which never troubled to have them repealed. It could hardly have been otherwise in a country where perfect conditions of play are in Nature's scheme of things. Nature was the architect of the wonderful countryside golf courses at Gleneagles. She planned them out of her infinite bounty, nurturing them throughout the centuries, adorning them with ineffable beauty at the near-hand, gracing them with the glory of a setting of opulent colour, the gold of gorse and broom, the royal purple of the heather, the variegated charm of wild flower hues, the fresh green of wooded hollows and grassy heights, the silver shimmer of little lochs and streams and the softened splendour of the far blue hills. It has been said, and with no thought of irreverence, that the links at St. Andrews, ranking as they do in golfing annals as the acknow- ledged centre of the Royal and Ancient game, are " sacred ground." To that statement has been added this other—■ " Gleneagles is enchanted ground." as also are Kilmarnock, where the first edition of his poems was published, and Dumfries, where his last years were passed and where his mausoleum is erected. Tourists will also find many reminiscences of the struggles of the Covenanters, historical old castles, and abbey ruins, in the counties served by this railway. \/ISITORS to the Highlands of Scotland can see the best of the scenery and the most romantic parts of the country only in one way, and that is by travelling north from Perth by the Highland section of the LMS Railway, via Dunkeld. The Pass of Killiecrankie. Northward from Perth past Dunkeld and its ruined Cathedral, founded in 1318, and through the famous Pass of Killiecrankie to the famous hills of Atholl, the line passes through a constant succession of magnificent scenery. The Pass of Killiecrankie is the most beautiful bit of scenery in the British Islands ; once through it the line rises to a height of 1,4S4 feet above sea level and thus takes its place as the highest railway in Great Britain. The Land o' Burns and the South-West of Scotland. "HE London Midland and Scottish Railway the counties lying in the south-west of Scotland- THE London Midland and Scottish Railway permeates all 4-r^ *» y^y~»it t^4*i *-ici Wtiti *~i- i t-» 4- l-k rt i-n~v«-»-l.T-* ■.*. ^ r-. 4- j-\-C Cfl/-i+fn -*-«r4 __o /-4 i CT'TI f*T^ most richly endowed with scenic beauty, and teeming with association of history, poesy, and romance. The Scottish National heroes, King Robert the Bruce and Sir William Wallace, were closely identified with this part of Scotland, the early home and struggles of the former having been located in Ayrshire, while the birthplace of the latter is at Elderslie, in Renfrewshire. Birthplace of Burns, Ayr. Inverness Castle and Bridge. Bonnie Prince Charlie. Inverness is the capital of the Highlands and the best point from which to make excursions. Loch Ness, Culloden Moor (where the last battle ever fought on British soil sealed the fate of the Stuarts, and the romantic effort of Prince Charlie to regain the crown of his fathers was finally defeated), and many other spots famous in Highland history can be conveniently visited. Very comfortable accommodation will be found in the Station Hotel. But perhaps the chief interest to tourists in the call to visit this corner of the Globe is the fact that it was here that the poet Robert Burns lived and sang. At Alloway may still be seen the " Auld Clay Biggin " where Burns first saw the light, and, close by, Alloway's Auld Haunted Kirk and the Brig o' Doon, immortalized in " Tam o' Shanter." Ayr—the Mecca of the Poet's admirers—is full of interest to Burnsonians, ( 41 ) Ultima Thule. Away to the north and the west, travellers will find scenes awaiting them even grander than most of those enjoyed farther south. The railway to Thurso is the route to the Orkney and Shetland Islands ; from Scrabster Harbour, a short drive from Thurso, the steamer starts for these Islands every day. ( 42 ) London Midland and Scottish ■I The Best Way' Where Good Canadians come from. But best of all is the lot of the traveller who, having paused at Inverness, continues his Highland explorations to Western Ross-shire and the Island of Skye, whence so many Highlanders have gone to seek their fortunes in Canada. Starting from Dingwall, the Western Branch of the Highland Line runs past the famous Sulphur Spa of Strathpeffer, now patronized by Strathpeffer Spa. many people who used to go to the Continental Spas, but who have now found greater comfort and more certain cure here in the heart of the Highlands, and along the shores of Loch- carron to Kyle of Lochalsh, whence the steamers sail for the Hebrides. The Island of the Mist. In no other part of the British Islands does a railway run for over sixty miles continuously through scenes of such Newtonmore and Spey Valley. ( 43 ) surpassing beauty as between Dingwall and Kyle of Lochalsh. Certainly no tourist can have any pretension to know Scotland until he has visited and dwelt among the hills and lochs of Western Ross-shire and the Island of the Mist, the land of Prince -Charlie and Flora Macdonald. In so brief a description of the exquisite charms of Scotland there is no space to permit of any detailed mention of such delightful and picturesque spots as Perth, a city of romance on the silvery Tay ; Blairgowrie, on the slopes of the lower Grampians ; Kirriemuir, the " Thrums " of Sir J. M. Barrie ; Montrose, on the east coast, a famed golf resort; Aberdeen, the Silver City by the Sea, famous for its magnificent buildings ; and Deeside, the highland home of Royalty. The LMS Railway Company have arranged excellent travelling facilities to those places, and the tourist who wishes to see all that is best in Scottish scenery and Scottish life cannot do better than travel bv the LMS Railway. IRELAND. T"HE L.M. & S.R. gives the choice of travelling to Ireland * from England via Holyhead, Fleetwood, Heysham,. Stranraer, or Liverpool. The Holyhead route is the main highway between England and the Irish Free State. Serving, as it does, Dublin, the historic capital of Ireland, it is largely patronized by all descriptions of travellers. Between Holyhead and Kingstown the Mail Steamers of the Company ply daily, connecting at Holyhead with trains to all parts. The Company's fleet of express passenger steamers on the Holyhead and Dublin service accomplish the open-sea passage within three hours. To-day the Company's mail and express trains cover the 264 miles between London (Euston) and Holyhead in less than six hours, giving a total timing of ten hours (inclusive of the time occupied in the transfer from train to steamer at Holyhead) between the English and Irish capitals. The splendid steamers, fitted up with a view to giving the greatest possible comfort, thus fink up the fife of the two islands in a very efficient manner. Many travellers, especially those pressed for time,»use the night services, via Holyhead, a good rest being procurable by the provision of Sleeping Cars on the trains. The Heysham route to Belfast and Northern Ireland is well served by turbine and twin-screw steamers, the open-sea passage being only 5£ hours. The service is nightly in each direction (Sundays excepted), in connection with trains to and from Heysham and all parts of the country. The services between Stranraer and Larne provides the shortest open sea passage between Great Britain and Ireland. The north coast of Ireland, on account of its low average rainfall, is known as the " Dry part of Ireland." Also the influence of the Gulf Stream is noticeable in the equable character of the climate. Dublin. Dublin forms an admirable base from which to tour the east, south, and west of Ireland, and is served by LMS Royal Mail Steamers from Holyhead to Kingstown. It is the capital and seat of Government of the Irish Free State. It has many fine buildings, and several pleasant seaside resorts on Dublin Bay are within easy reach. ( 44 ) London Midland and Scottish " The Best Way " Dunleary (Kingstown). The port of arrival of the LMS Royal Mail Steamers. Seven miles from Dublin. A noted yachting centre with a fine harbour. Bray (12 miles from Dublin). A popular seaside resort with promenade, bathing, and boating, and a good golf finks. Glendalough. With the seven Churches- -relics of a very early stage of Christianity lying beside a beautiful lake set amid towering mountains. Glendalough is easily reached from Rathdrum. Seven Churches, Glendalough. Cork (165\ miles from Dublin.) Cork is the second city of the Irish Free State, and is pleasantly situated on the River Lee. Is in the heart of an agricultural country, but has many industries, notably the Ford Works. Golf, tennis, cricket, and boating are amongst the many recreations. Cobh (Queenstown). Port of call for American liners, some eleven miles from Cork. Many pleasant excursions in Cork Harbour and on the River Lee. Killarney (185J miles from Dublin). The Lakes are, of course, one of the show places of the world. A wonderful diversity of woodland, lake, and mountain scenery exquisitely combined. Next to the three lakes (with a total length of some 9| miles), the Gap of Dunloe and the Tore Waterfall claim most attention. Glengariff (69f miles from Cork). Has a wonderfully equable temperature, giving it a climate milder than that of the south of France. The scenery is very beautiful, and there are many dehghtful expeditions to be made to Killarney, etc., or along the coast. Belfast. The capital of Northern Ireland and one of the principal ports of Ireland. Seat of the Irish linen industry; famous for its great shipbuilding yards, the largest liners in the world having been launched at the Queen's Island yards on the banks of the Lagan. Noted distilleries, rope works, tobacco factories, and fine public buildings. Carrickfergus (9f miles from Belfast). Of considerable antiquity and historic interest. The castle where King John resided in the year 1210 is still used as a military fortress. Whitehead (14| miles from Belfast). Popular seaside resort near Belfast. An interesting circular walk embracing the base and top of the cliffs can be made in about an hour. The sea bathing is good. Lame (23 J miles from Belfast) Is a favourite summer resort and watering-place, with numerous boarding-houses, ample hotel accommodation, and excellent sea bathing. In the immediate neighbourhood are many interesting and picturesque localities. Antrim (2If miles from Belfast). Site of one of the battlefields of the rebellion of 1798. Near to the station may be seen one of the best preserved specimens of the ancient round towers ; Lough Neagh, the largest lake in the United Kingdom. Parkmore (47J miles from Belfast) Is the nearest railway station for Cushendall and the beautiful Vale of Glenariff, with its magnificent waterfalls and lovely sylvan scenery. Portrush, for Giants' Causeway (67J miles from Belfast). The most renowned seaside resort in Ireland. Splendid stretch of strand and excellent sea bathing. Fine air. Classic golf course on the adjacent sandhills : the " St. Andrews " of Ireland. Blarney (5 2 miles from Cork). Famous for the stone in the wall of its castle which is supposed to bestow the gift of eloquence on all who kiss it. Youghal (26J miles from Cork). A popular watering-place at the mouth of the Blackwater River. The house where Sir Walter Raleigh lived in the sixteenth century can be seen. ( 45 ) The Giants' Causeway. One of the geological wonders of the world, is about eight miles from Portrush and can be conveniently reached by motor. Londonderry (95 miles from Belfast). Renowned for its siege in 1688-9. The old walls form a fine promenade from which excellent views of the city and surrounding country can be obtained. ( 46 ) ImJ Southern Railway Southern Railway Southern Railway Map of System SHOWING CONTINENTAL CONNECTIONS LONDON OftH VIADUCT ON BRIDGE y^,'. •'. •'. •'. •'. - ■: ■:'.; -:•; '•;"; .> '.rSabrTtuci* ^^«J^::;:i::::li#::::::;: ::::-: feROADS TAI R$ ■ * • :^:::::^:::^::::':.:.:':.S:r::'r:r-:;ijj»A>^ CCENES unique in the dawn of civilization on the Mother "^ Country, which no oversea visitor should miss, will be found in Southern England, between the coast of Kent on the east, where the Romans under Caesar, and, later, the Jutes under Hengist and Horsa, first set foot in this country, and King Arthur's Land, facing the Atlantic seaboard of North Cornwall on the extreme west. As will be seen from the map, the whole of this territory is served by the Southern Railway, and is easily accessible from the ports of Southampton, Plymouth, or London. The interesting cities, towns, and hamlets of this historic region will give the world traveller what is probably the finest and most impressive story of the rise of the British Empire. Canterbury, in mid-Kent, with its magnificent Cathedral, is^famous as the birthplace of the Christian faith in England, spread in a.d. 597 by St. Augustine, the first Archbishop. The Cathedral contains the shrine of the murdered prelate, Thomas a Becket, the tomb of the Black Prince, and many other noted monuments. In the surrounding district are Rochester, for the Cathedral and scenes connected with Dickens ; Leeds Castle, where Richard II and Queen Joan of Navarre were imprisoned ; the grim fortress and castle of Dover ; the ruins of Saltwood, Chilham, and Tonbridge Castles, and the Henry VIII castles of Deal, Sandown, Walmer, Sandgate, etc. These, and also Ightham Mote (old Manor House) ; Chislehurst Caves, of great archaeological interest; Tunbridge Wells, where the leafy Pantiles have been a fashionable promenade since the times of the Stuarts ; the one-time port of Rye, with its old Land Gate, Ypres Tower, and Gun Garden ; Cobham, for the ( 47 ) " Leather Bottle'' and other haunts of Dickens, and the recently discovered Roman remains at Folkestone, are all within one or two hours of London. Canterbury Cathedral, ( 48 ) Southern Railway Southern Railway Scattered throughout Sussex are many imposing Norman castles built by William the Conqueror and his followers after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Roman Camp at Chanctonbury Ring, on the Downs (800 feet high), and parts of Pevensey Castle, however, bear witness to the earlier invasion. The ruins of Hastings Castle and its remarkable dungeons attract many tourists ; also Battle Abbey (built where the Saxon king, Harold, fell), and Lewes Castle, near the scene of the memorable and sanguinary battle, in 1264, between Henry II and the Barons under Simon de Montfort, which resulted in the famous treaty, " The Mise of Lewes." At Lewes also are the ruins of the Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras, and Anne of Cleves' House. Tunbridge Wells. The Pantiles. Hurstinonceux and Bodiam Castles, well-preserved strongholds of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and Groom- bridge Place, a beautiful moated Jacobean mansion, are other interesting relics in East Sussex ; while in West Sussex are stately Arundel Castle, the home of the Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England, overlooking the quaint town and the lovely Arun Valley; Amberley Castle, once the fortified palace of the Bishops of Chichester, now just ruined walls and an ivy-clad gateway; and Cowdray Castle, near the " Glorious Goodwood " racecourse, a picturesque ruin in a lovely park. Chichester, the " Regnum "of the Romans, with its graceful Cathedral and its Market Cross (erected in 1502), the finest of its kind in existence, and Winchester, the " City of Kings," are two cathedral cities of absorbing interest to the stranger. Egbert, the first King of England, was crowned at Winchester in 827. Here, besides its grand old Norman Cathedral, 'are I Chichester Cathedral. Wolvesey Castle, the Round Table of the Knights of King Arthur, and Hospital of St. Cross. Salisbury Cathedral dates from 1220, and is said to be the finest specimen of Early English in the country. Other architectural features of Salisbury are the Poultry Cross and St. Ann's Gate, while some very ancient manuscripts, including those of the Venerable Bede and St. Augustine, are in the Bishop Jewell Library. ( 49 ) Salisbury Cathedral from River. Near Salisbury, beyond the interesting remains of the ancient city, Old Sarum, is probably the earliest and at the same time most wonderful of the Old Country monuments—- Stonehenge, whose mysterious stone circles are credited by l( 50 ) —^ Southern Railway Southern Railway experts to date from 2000 B.C. Sherborne, with its grand old Minster Church and castle ruins ; Glastonbury Abbey, connected by legend with Joseph of Arimathea ; and the thirteenth century Wells Cathedral, remarkable for its beautiful exterior, the magnificent sculptures of the western front, the tracery of the windows, and the carvings of the central towers, will amply repay a visit to these three picturesque Somerset towns. Stonehenge, Druidical remains. Southampton, the premier passenger port of England, is also a most interesting and attractive town. From here the " Pilgrim Fathers " embarked on the Mayflower on their voyage to the New World in 1620. A fine memorial near the Dock Gates commemorates this famous event. Other historical and architectural features are the massive Gothic Bar Gate, the well preserved old Town Walls ; the quaint Domus Dei in Winkle Street, and the house where Dr. Watts, the great hymnologist, was born. Close to the town is Netley Abbey, described by Walpole as " the ruins of Paradise," and across the water are the outskirts of the New Forest. Within easy reach are the Cathedral Cities of Winchester and Salisbury, also Stonehenge. Sandown. Just beyond is Portsmouth, the great naval centre, with Southsea, the popular holiday resort, its fashionable suburb. In the ancient High Street at Portsmouth is the " George Hotel,'' where Nelson stayed the night before sailing for Trafalgar. The Dickens Museum, where the famous novelist was born, and the Victory, Nelson's old flagship, are other of Portsmouth's historic relics. In the beautiful Isle of Wight is Osborne House, the late Queen Victoria's favourite home, near by Whippingham Church, designed by the Prince Consort; Carisbrooke Castle, where Charles I was imprisoned before his trial and execution, and where his daughter, the saintly Princess Elizabeth, died; and the great yachting centre of Cowes, the headquarters of the Royal Yacht Club. Ventnor, from West. ( 51 ) East Cliff and Sands, Bournemouth. Bournemouth, the " Atlantic City of Southern England," about 30 miles from Southampton and just over a two-hours' rail journey from London (Waterloo), besides being one of the most fashionable resorts, is also an ideal centre for a region rich in historic attractions. Within a short distance is the New Forest, ( D* Southern Railway the sports ground of ancient kings, with its 1,000-years-old trees and famous Rufus Stone, marking the spot where the Red King was slain in 1100 ; Beaulieu Abbey, built by King John ; Lyndhurst Church, with its beautiful fresco by Lord Leighton, " The Ten Virgins " ; Romsey, with its fine Norman Abbey Church ; and Canada, where Florence Nightingale was born. At Christchurch is the 11th centurv Priory Church, Beaulieu Abbey. with its massive Rood Screen and famous Shelley Memorial; and inWimborne Minster is the remarkable " chained library," which includes Raleigh's " History of the World." Dorset, the " Hardy Country," besides its literary interests, is famous for its many historic relics. Dorchester is the '' Duna- vora " of the Romans, and its museum contains a splendid collection of prehistoric and Roman relics, also of Judge Jeffreys and the " Bloody Assizes." The tremendous earthworks of the Britons at Poundbury Camp and Maiden Castle and Maum- bury Rings, the vast Roman amphitheatre, are in the vicinity. Just beyond is Weymouth, the noted watering place favoured by King George III, with its famous White Horse landmark. Southern Railway The beautiful Swanage Bay is where King Alfred gained the first naval victory against the Danes ; the picturesque ruins of Corfe Castle are in the vicinity. Here the boy king, Edward II, was treacherously murdered at the instigation of his stepmother, Queen Elfreda, and was buried at Wareham, close by. Later, Lady Banks held the castle for thirteen weeks against the Roundheads. Combe Martin Bay and Hangman Hills, North Devon. Devonshire is the birthplace of many of the adventurous sea kings, the most notable being Drake, Raleigh, and Gren- ville, who " sailed the Spanish Main." Of these, Sir Francis Drake was born at Tavistock, where his statue can be seen, as well as at Plymouth, on the famous Hoe, where, it is said, he continued his game of bowls while the Armada was approaching. Sir Walter Raleigh's birthplace is at Hayes Barton, close to Budleigh Salterton and Sidmouth, where Queen Victoria's childhood was spent. Ottery St. Mary was the home of Coleridge, the writer of " The Ancient Mariner." Westward Ho ! in North Devon, immortalized by Kingsley, is also noted for its world-renowned golf course. The famous novelist's room can be seen at Bideford, and also the house of Sir Richard Grenville. h i Corfe Castle. ( 53 ) Exeter Cathedral. ( 54 ) Southern Railway Southern Railway Widgery's Cross, Dartmoor. Quaint Clovelly is world renowned for its steep High Street and its donkey carriers. Wild and romantic Exmoor, the background of Blackmore's famous classic, " Lorna Doone," is adjacent to Lynton and Lynmouth, two pretty little holiday resorts. Another excellent centre for this attractive region is Hfracombe, from where trips to Lundy Island and the Welsh Coast can be made. Exeter, the city of many churches, has numerous historic attractions, including the magnificent Cathedral with its' elaborate facade, beautiful interior and massive transeptal towers ; the ruins of the Castle Rougemont, the quaint Elizabethan Guildhall, etc. Dartmoor, with its lovely glens and rugged tors, strange stone circles,menhirs and dolmens, is conveniently reached from Exeter by motor bus. King Arthur's Land, by the Cornish sea, and the ruins of the Castle at Tintagel, around which is woven Tennyson's wondrous romance of the King, his fair Queen and the doughty Knights of the Round Table, attract tourists from all parts of the world. Boscastle, adjoining, boasts a picturesque little harbour, a replica of the old harbour at Sebastopol, and near by, Pentargon Caves, Knighton's Kieve, Crackington Haven, Rocky Valley and Dosmary Pool (wherein was cast the good sword " Excalibur"). At Launceston, in the old castle, George Fox, the Quaker, was imprisoned for distributing religious literature. Pleasant resorts at which to stop-over for these parts are Bude (for Kilkhampton Church with its wonderful carvings ; Morwenstowe for ancient church and vicarage connected with the famous Cornish vicar-poet, R. S. Hawker) and Padstow (for Bedruthen Steps, Harlyn Bay, etc.). Port Isaac and Port Gaverne are typical Cornish villages. Mont Orgueil, Showing St. Catherine's Bay, Jersey. The Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, etc.), easily reached by turbine steamers from Southampton, are far famed, not only for rugged and beautiful scenery, but King Arthur's Castle. Cross-Channel Steamer leaving Boulogne for Folkestone. ( 55 ) ( 56 ) \ Southern Railway Southern Railway Guernsey, from the Castle Emplacement. also for many old-world attractions, quaint customs, etc. Mont Orgueil Castle, the famous Corbie re Rocks, Plemont Caves, are well worth visiting. The many historic spots of Brittany, Normandy, Picardy, and Belgium are also brought within easy distance by the Cross-Channel services from the various ports served by the Southern Railway. Many interesting and enchanting scenes are to be found within easy distance of London. Windsor Castle, the home of England's monarchs for many centuries, overlooks one of the prettiest reaches of the Thames, while on the opposite bank is Eton College, with its famous playing fields. Other up-river resorts include Richmond, with its Park and renowned view from the Terrace ; Kew, where are the Royal Botanic Gardens ; Hampton Court, with the grand old palace where lived Henry VIII, placed amid the most entrancing gardens—here the rooms of Cardinal Wolsey and Queen Anne are well worth inspecting; Staines and Datchet for Magna Charta Island, and Virginia Water, a sylvan retreat of surpassing loveliness. jft*^*-' iyfe^l^i2li§iyigj -lj| ^SSftH i fir ,'*^jjf -jg*ip*$\ -"" "'~^*?f? m ^^^^^^t .,gp?ai^a9^-^^gg —rjjaf^ "^i™." ricijyf i'*J"'f?"{—- '—■ . . "-"Hi r-. '----- ".'--'?- ^^.^^g^A&^M^gj. ^^^^^I^l^3 m»S3B*#w3!^^K5^^S Ei^^S53i ^^^^'v^>- -12? lsiil§18 IJliiS^-PBBpSiP' ~ _-^=--!U' l^§fe^. Sts; " --^^fe^ ~# Windsor Castle. Haslemere (Lord Tennyson's home) ; Hindhead, with the Devil's Punchbowl, familiar to Dickens readers ; Godalming, for the famous Charterhouse School; Guildford, for its old- world high street and ruined castle; Selborne, which provided material for Gilbert White's " Natural History" ; Farnham, for the castle, and, near by, the picturesque remains Wimborne Minster. of Waverley Abbey ; and, east of Basingstoke, the ruins of Old Basing House, famous for its four years' siege and ultimate capture by Oliver Cromwell; all these are conveniently reached from Waterloo, the finest station in Great Britain, and headquarters of the Southern Railway. South-east of London is the Crystal Palace and Greenwich Observatory, from whence standard time is supplied all over the world. Winchester Cathedral. 0/ >8 ) Southern Railway Southern Railway The visitor to London will find a trip out of town to any of the charming resorts served by the Southern Railway a very welcome respite from the round of sight-seeing. Fine weather is generally admitted to be essential for holiday enjoyment— and the South holds the sunshine record, besides providing a wide variety of scenes to suit all moods, whether contemplative or pleasure-seeking. There are long stretches of golden sand beneath the white walls of old England ; wild, rocky coasts, where the seagulls scream above the crash of breakers. There is a countryside of pastoral calm in the South, and there are breezy uplands clad in purple heather. The cloistered calm of cathedral cities or the gaiety and life of great watering places may be experienced within a comparatively short distance by train from London. The principal resorts are- Bexhill Broadstairs Eastbourne Hove Lyme Regis St. Leonards Seaton Southsea Weymouth Bognor BuDLEIGH- Salterton Folkestone Hythe Margate Sandgate SlDMOUTH Worthing Bournemouth Deal Hastings Isle of Wight Portsmouth Sandwich Whitstable Tunbridge Wells Brighton Dover Herne Bay LlTTLEHAMPTON Plymouth Ramsgate Seaford SWANAGE Etc Vestibuled Restaurant-Car Expresses. London (Waterloo) to the South-West and West of England. Pullman-Car Trains. Victoria, Charing Cross, London Bridge, etc., to the Kent and Sussex Coasts. For all information regarding passenger train services, fares, etc., apply Advertising Department, Waterloo Station, S.E.I. Southern Railway Company's Hotels. The Company's well-appointed hotels include : LONDON.—Charing Cross Hotel, Cannon Street Hotel, Grosvenor Hotel (Victoria), Craven Hotel. DEAL.—The South-Eastern Hotel. HYTHE.—The Imperial. NEWHAVEN— London and Paris Hotel. SOUTHAMPTON.—South-Western Hotel. SOUTHAMPTON DOCKS. The Southampton Docks cover some two hundred acres of land bounded by the rivers Itchen and Test. Their primary advantages are attributable to the endowment by Nature of the very sheltered harbour, and the crowning gift of the formation of the Isle of Wight off the entrance to Southampton Water, causing the phenomenon of double tides ; the period of high water being thus extended to two hours, during which there is practically no tidal flow or fall. A further very considerable help in the development of the port is the close proximity of Southampton to the Metropolis, the distance of 78 miles being covered by rail in if hours. These natural facilities, reinforced by commercial enterprise, have rendered Southampton without a rival in the kingdom as a passenger port, and as a cargo distributing centre of the first importance. The Floating Dock is the largest of its kind in the world, and is capable of accommodating the biggest vessels now afloat or building. There are forty-two miles of railway on the Docks Estate extending to all quays, sheds, and warehouses, and linking them up with the main fine of the S.R. Co's. system, and thus giving direct communication with every railway in the kingdom. The Passenger and Mail Steamers are served alongside by Special Trains on the days of arrival and departure, thus saving passengers considerable time and inconvenience. s.s. ' Paris ■ Southampton Docks. SOUTHERN RAILWAY ROUTES TO THE CONTINENT. The Continent is brought within easy access of England by the various Continental Services of the Southern Railway, which operate by eight routes. No less than seven services run daily between London and Paris, and regular daily services also run to Brussels, Berlin, Amsterdam, Bale Geneva, Rome, etc. The journey by land is made by Pullman Car or corridor express trains in England, and corridor express trains in France, the sea being crossed by powerful turbine steamers. The Continental Services from London start from Victoria Station, with the exception of those via Southampton, which leave from Waterloo terminus. Through bookings are in force to most towns on the Continent, and baggage can be registered throughout to one's destination. The routes are as follows : ( 59 ) ( 60 ) Southern Railway Southern Railway To Paris, with connections for all parts of France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, etc. Via Dover—Calais. Folkestone—Boulogne. Newhaven—Dieppe. Southampton—Havre. To Belgium, Germany, and Central Europe. Via Dover—Ostend. D over—Calais. To Holland. Via Gravesend—Rotterdam. To Normandy, Brittany, and Western France. Via Newhaven—Dieppe (for Normandy). Southampton—Havre. Southampton—St. Malo. Southampton—Caen (Summer only). In addition, services are run daily in the summer season and on alternate days throughout the winter to the Channel Islands via Southampton. Full particulars of times, fares, etc. can be obtained of the Chief Commercial Manager, Continental Department, Southern Railway, Victoria Station, London, S.W.I. The Company's Continental Agencies are : PARIS.—14 Rue du Quatre Septembre. BRUSSELS.—19 Rue de la Regence. BALE.—£ Centralbahnplatz. BOULOGNE.—Gare Maritime. CALAIS.—Gare Maritime. CHERBOURG.—Vve Cottel & Cie, Quai Ancien Arsenal. COLOGNE.—Domhof, 6. DIEPPE.—Gare Maritime. HAVRE.—67 Quai de Southampton. HONFLEUR.—Quai de la Gare. OSTEND.—30 Avenue du Vindictive. ROME.—48 Via Pola. ST. MALO.—Rue des Cordiers. THE CANADIAN BATTLEFIELDS OF FRANCE AND FLANDERS. "THE proximity of the Channel ports (Calais, Boulogne, and Ostend) to the scenes of some of the most famous of the Canadian war exploits on the Western Front has decided the Southern Railway, with its direct services from Eng land, to give a brief resume of the principal engage- .ments in which the Canadian regiments took part, and to indicate by means of a small sketch map the areas where the troops of the Canadian Expeditionary Force fought and shed their blood for Freedom and Honour. JDON S-- v/m. W^$!x^Syyy0**0^ '•OSTEND ilijjiSRo,,T' f^*53^ YPRES < ^•CALAIS •rOMER ) BOULOCNE i 0 BRUGES GHENT£ X I BRUSSELS© • LILLE IETAPLES FeSTDBfRTXO Give**"* »* 110r ELLS ^>Oci^vV\ IDOUAI •*7 KMIENS BReTOHTIEUX PARIS THE BATTLEFIELDS ARESMEW/V THUSX Map of Canadian Battlefields. ( 6i ) It will be seen that the railway line Ostend to Lille, thence to Amiens, and finishing at Boulogne, affords easy access to the battlefields. Ypres, April, 1915. The Germans used poison-gas for the first time at this, the second battle of Ypres. The Canadians met the full force of the attack, inflicted a disastrous defeat on the enemy, and, in the words of the Commander-in-Chief, " saved the situation." Festubert, May, 1915. The Canadians took part in the first stages of the offensive at the Aubers Ridge, where, attached to the First Army, they continued the sanguinary battle which had for its objective the capture of " Quinque " Street, K.5, and the " Orchard." Givenchy, June, 1915. The Aubers Ridge offensive came up from the south and extended. The Canadians renewed the attack at d'Ouvert Street, Chapelle St. Roch, and Violaines. Loos, September, 1915. The Canadians only took a small part in this battle, but, by their artillery fire, a series of small attacks, and a feigned offensive, they stopped the German reserves coming into action. St. Eloi, April, 1916. During the whole of this month the Canadian 2nd Division were engaged in a terrible but indecisive struggle to occupy the mined craters before the village. Sanctuary Wood, Hooge, June, 1916. The third great German fight for Ypres. On June 2 the enemy attacked our forces and repulsed them, but, on the 13th, the Canadians counter-attacked and regained their lost positions. Courcelette, September, 1916. The Canadians won a brilliant victory, took the village, and went beyond their original objectives. Regina Trench, October-November, 1916. One of the most sanguinary episodes of the War. The Regina Trench was taken by the Canadian 4th Division on the 11th November. Vimy Ridge, April, 1917. The Germans regarded the position as impregnable. The Canadians carried it in one of the best conceived and most brilliantly executed actions of the War. Hill 70, Lens, July-August, 1917. After many weeks of continuous struggle the Canadians prepared for the capture of Lens. The final attack was postponed owing to the Pass- chendaele operations. Passchendaele, October-November, 1917. Four separate brilliantly executed battles distinguished this operation, and finally, on the 10th November, the Canadians gained all their objectives. Villers-Bretonneux, March, 1918. At this engagement the Canadian machine guns contributed materially to the first effective check to the great German advance. Amiens, August, 1918. The Canadians advanced 22 kilometres, took about 10,000 prisoners, captured 190 field guns, 1,040 machine guns and trench mortars, and 25 towns and villages. Drocourt Queant, August, 1918. The Canadians penetrated into the enemy fines to a depth of about 20 kilometres, took Monchy, and broke the Hindenburg Line. 11,242 prisoners. Cambrai, September-October, 1918. Taken after an extremely, hard struggle. The Canadians reached Mons in their pursuit of the enemy the day the Armistice was signed (November 11, 1918) \ 62 ) Map of the principal LoncionThorcui^hfarcs showing approxmiate (For key to Map Bttions of Places of Interest, Art ages 67 and 68.) T Galkrks. Museums, Ete. LONDON: Art Galleries, Museums, Concert Halls, Railway Termini, etc. Westminster Bridge and Houses of Parliament. Key to Map showing location of London Art Galleries, Museums, Railway Termini, etc. Map Ref. Map Ref. 1 Academy of Arts, Royal, Bur lington House, Piccadilly, W 2 Admiralty Arch, The Mall, S.W 3 jEolianHall,NewBondStreet,W. 4 Agnew Gallery, 43 Old Bond Street, W 5 Albert Hall, Royal, Kensington Gore, W. 6 Albert Memorial, situated in Kensington Gardens, W. 7 Alpine Club Gallery, Mill Street, Conduit Street, W. ... 8 Arthur Tooth &, Sons, 155 New Bond Street, W. 9 Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, E.C 10 Bethnal Green Museum, Bethnal Green Road, E. 11 Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W 12 British Museum, Great Russell Street, W.C. Daily, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.; Sundays, 2 p.m. till dusk 13 Broad Street Station, Broad Street, E.C.2 14 Brompton Oratory, Brompton Road, S.W 15 Buckingham Palace, St. James's Park, S.W 16 Cannon Street Station, Cannon Street, E.C.4 17 Central Hall, Westminster,S.W.l 18 Charing Cross Station, Strand, W.C.2 19 Charterhouse, Smithfield, E.C. Admission 6d.; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 3 to 5 p.m. ... ... 20 Cleopatra's Needle, Victoria Em bankment, W.C. 21 Colnaghi Gallery, 144-6 New Bond Street, W 22 D2 23 24 E2 D2 25 D2 26 C 3 27 C 2 28 D2 29 D2 30 G2 31 32 Gl 33 Dl 34 El 35 36 Gl C 3 37 D3 38 F2 E3 39 E2 40 41 Fl 42 E2 43 D2 Corporation Art Gallery, Guild- - hall, E.C Covent Garden Market, W.C.2... Custom House, Lower Thames Street, E.C.3 Earl's Court Exhibition, Lillie Road, S.W.5 Euston Station, Euston Road, N.W.I Fine Art Society, 148 New Bond Street, W General Post Office, King Edward Street, E.C Goupil Gallery, 5 Regent Street, S.W Grafton Galleries, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W. Green Park, Piccadilly, W. ... Guildhall, King Street, Cheap- side, E.C. Horse Guards, Whitehall, S.W. Changing Guard, 11 a.m. daily ... Horticultural Hall, Royal, Vincent Square, S.W. Hyde Park Corner, Hyde Park... Imperial Institute, Imperial Institute Road, South Kensington, S.W. Admission free, weekdays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.... Johnson's House, Dr., 17 Gough Square, Fleet Street, E.C. ... Kennington Oval, Kennington, S.E Kensington Palace, Free daily, except Wednesdays, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. King's Cross Station, York Road, N.l King Edward Memorial, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S.W. ... Lambeth Palace, Lambeth Palace Road, S.W Law Courts (Royal Courts of Justice), Strand, W.C. Fl E2 G2 B3 El D2 Fl E2 D2 D2 Fl E2 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Map Kef. E3 D2 56 C 3 F2 57 E4 58 59 B2 60 E 1 61 E2 E3 E2 62 63 64 65 66 Leighton House, 12 Holland Park, W. Admission Is., 11 a.m. to 3 p.m.; closed Sundays A 2 Liverpool Street Station, E.C.2 G 1 London Bridge Station, London Bridge, S.E.I G 2 London Museum, Lancaster House, St. James's, S.W. Admission free daily, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., except Friday and Sunday, 2 to 6 E 2 Lord's Cricket Ground, St. John's Wood Road, N.W C 1 Mansion House, E.C F 2 Marble Arch, Hyde Park, W.... C 2 Marlborough House, The Mall, St. James's Park, S.W. ... E 2 Mint,Royal,Little TowerHill,E.C. G 2 Monument, The, Fish Street Hill, E.C G2 National Gallery and National Portrait Gallery. Admission free, Mondays, Tuesdays,Wednesdays, and Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sundays, 2 to 5 p.m. ... ... ... E 2 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, W. Admission free daily, 10 a.m. till dusk ; Sundays, 2.30 to 6 p.m. ... ... ... C 3 Nelson Column, The, Trafalgar Square, S.W.... ... ... E 2 Olympia, Addison Road, W. ... A3 Paddington Station, Praed Street, W.2 C 2 Parliament, Houses of, Westminster, S.W ... E3 Philharmonic Hall, Great Portland Street, W Dl Queen's Hall, Langham Place,W. D 1 Royal Exchange, Cornhiil, E.C.3 G 2 St. James'sPalace, The Mali, S.W. E 2 St. Paneras Station, N.l ... El St. Paul's Cathedral, E.C. ... F 2 Map Ref 67 Sir John Soane's Museum, Lin coln's Inn Fields, W.C. Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, & Fridays, 10.30 a.m". to 5 p.m. E 2 68 Somerset House, Strand, W.C. E,2 69 South Kensington Museum, Cromwell Road, S.W. ... C 3 70 Stafford House, The Mall, St. James's Park, S.W D2 71 Steinway Hall, Lower Seymour Street, W D2 72 Spurgeon's Tabernacle, Newing- ton Butts, S.E. F3 73 Tate Gallery, Grosvenor Road, S.W. Admission free, Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 5 or 6 p.m.; Sundays, 2 till dusk... E 3 74 Temple, The, Fleet Street, E.C. F 2 75 Tower of London, E.C G2 76 Tower Bridge, E.C G2 84 United Service Museum, Royal, Whitehall, S.W. Admission daily, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., 6d E 2 78 University College, Gower Street, W.C El 79 Victoria & Albert Museum, Crom well Road, S.W. Free daily, 10 to 5 (Thursday and Saturday. 10 to 9) ; Sunday, 2.30. to 6 C 3 80 Victoria Station, S.W.I D3 81 Victoria Memorial, Queen, The Mall, St. James's Park, S.W. D 2 82 Wallace Collection, Hertford House, Manchester Square, W. Open Sundays, 2 to 5 p.m.; other days, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. D 1 83 Waterloo Station, S.E.I ... E2 77 War Office, Whitehall, S.W.I ... E 2 85 Westminster Abbey, Parliament Square, S.W. ... E3 86 Westminster Cathedral (Roman Catholic), Ashley Grdns., S.W. D3 87 Wigmore Hall, Wigmore Street, W Dl 68 ) Il London and North Eastern Railway (So <§> <§> ® & ® <$> ® ® <%) ® <&&&&&§> * * -»r -ivFBASERBURCH PETERHEAD •lYAHMOUTH HLOWESTOFT SOUTHWOLO NEWMARKET ff Vx.L gURYjTEDMUNDj/JpHORPENESS ALOEBURCH TO TAUNTON. EXETER. PLYMOUTH. PENZANCE le LUTON XWlETCHWORThVPjSWICH *>. iQhitch^n colche^e^ -* AfLESBUR.Yh STALBfNS|/ ~""\>C^~-iV HEUjSFWD)g^) CLACTON OH SEA,-^*l —••'40IDC0T "V^^NJ^^^^™ ^^*!P ** ""^U^**. ,»•*" i ^*^Jt^^^~v_j-^*50UTHENO en SEA \^"«i». •? Tbjtbiirg.. ELIXSTOWE HARWICH rh0 FOR THE-- 4{ 4bb. * CO NT I KENT ~», j^-^^W • . _.-*/D0yER \ *T7FOLKESTONE <8> <8> <5> (5) (fS) (SI) (ST) <2> <$> <$) (TS) (fS) ® ® (SI) ® ■2» (SI) ( 69 London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway WHAT TO SEE IN EAST BRITAIN. COR the traveller who delights in gazing upon time-worn * relics of antiquity or upon scenes of stirring events of a thousand years ago, the Eastern side of Britain has a strong appeal. Of noble monastic ruins in every variety of beautiful site there are very many, and some of the most glorious cathedrals in Europe are situated along the trunk route from King's Cross to Edinburgh and the heart of Scotland. If the visitor is interested in spots associated with some of the great men of the island, there are the homes of the Washingtons and of the Pilgrim Fathers, of William Penn, John Bunyan, and Milton, all easily accessible. Literary shrines are met with throughout the whole district; the land of Scott is, perhaps, the most important, but to this great name may be added those of Charles Dickens, Laurence Sterne, Tennyson, Hume, Dryden, and others. Great figures in history are associated with a hundred places ; the soil has been trod by famous Roman Emperors, the fathers of Christianity in Britain, by kings and queens, warriors, usurpers, reformers, and martyrs. From Hadrian to Cromwell, from Boudicca (wrongly Boadicea) and St. Hilda to Mary Queen of Scots, the land is haunted or hallowed by the memories of famous men and women who make up the strangely fascinating pageant of history. Jordans, Chalfont St. Giles, Stoke Poges, Sulgrave, and St. Albans. Some twenty odd miles from London, in a most sequestered corner of Buckinghamshire, is Jordans, the burial-place of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. The great English Quaker and philanthropist was laid to rest in the little burying- ground of the Quaker meeting house. It is a plain brick structure, surrounded and heavily overshadowed by trees, and its quiet seclusion is a fitting resting-place for the man who founded a colony in a primeval forest. Five of Penn's children were buried at Jordans, and also two great Quaker leaders, Isaac Penington and Thomas Ellwood. Penn was born in 1644, became a Quaker about 1667, and sailed for America in 1682 with a small body of colonists. He wished to call the new territory Sylvania, but Charles II insisted on adding the prefix. He left America finally in 1701 and died at Ruscombe in 1718. Near Jordans is the pretty little village, of Chalfont St. Giles, famous for its association with John Milton. At one end of the pleasant street and facing sloping elm-shaded meadowlands, is the half-timbered cottage where Milton lived. The poet left London in 1665 on account of the Great Plague. It is probable that he was accompanied by his devoted young third wife and his daughters. Through public purchase it is possible to see the interior of the cottage where the blind poet lived and where he dictated some of his stately verse. All the other houses Milton occupied have vanished. Stoke Poges church has acquired immortality through its association with the poet Gray. Here, after her fortunate widowhood, lived his beloved mother, who died in 1753. The world-famed " Elegy written in a country Churchyard," was completed in 1750. Gray died in 1771, and lies, with the mother to whom he owed so much, in a red brick altar-tomb outside the east wall of the church. Near the little village of Sulgrave in Northamptonshire is the 16th-century manor house built by Laurence Washington, the ancestor in the seventh generation of George Washington, the first President of the United States of America. It had ( 7i ) become a farmhouse, but is now restored and maintained as a shrine to the memory of the great American. In the spandrels of the Tudor arch of the entrance are the arms of the Washington family, i.e., two bars gules and three mullets of the same on a field argent. From this, but quite erroneously, originated the idea that the stars and stripes of the United States flag were based on the arms of the first President. Sulgrave church is also notable on account of its memorials to the Washingtons. St. Albans, a town of immense historic importance and a place of very great architectural charm set in the pleasant wooded hills of Hertfordshire, cannot fail to be a powerful magnet to all who would find their way to the places where the history of England is written in bold and beautiful characters. Therefore it is imperative that all who visit London should set apart a day for visiting St. Albans, where, beneath the charming old town still full of the glamour of the Middle Ages, lies the ghost-haunted site of its predecessor, the Roman Veru- lamium. Peterborough. If one could walk down a great street flanked by the west fronts of all the English cathedrals, there is little doubt that the two which would most impress the passer-by would be Peterborough and Lincoln. The former gets nearer to the feeling of St. Mark's at Venice than anything else in England, although from the point of view of colour there is no remote comparison. The Early English designers of Peterborough decided on the bold scheme of three immense and very deeply- recessed arches in which there is at most hours of the day a notable play of shadows. Entering the Cathedral from in the late Norman nave roo vaulting of the 12th century, the style changes to the work of an apsidal end, around which times between 1438 and 1528, for processional purposes. The tion is exceedingly fine. the west end, one finds oneself fed with the painted wooden Going eastwards to the choir, the Early Norman period, with was added, in Perpendicular the very beautiful retro-choir fan vaulting of this late addi- Peterborough Cathedral. ( 72 ) [Photochrom Co., Ltd. London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway So many Norman central towers fell that it is not surprising that the collapse of that at Ely should have caused anxiety at Peterborough, and, to avert such a catastrophe, the momentous decision was made to replace the tower then standing with a shorter and safer one. Thus, the disaster which befell so many of the mightiest fanes of the land was averted. York. To visit England and fail to see York is impossible to anyone possessing a sense of values and a reverence for the history of the English-speaking peoples. If the magnificent cathedral had never been built, and if none of the mediaeval glories of the northern capital of England had survived the vicissitudes of the last three centuries, York would still claim our urgent attention on account of its importance in Roman, Saxon, and Danish times. When, therefore, the city offers, in addition, the mediaeval glamour associated with an encircling rampart of battle- mented walls whose gateways are as picturesque as any in Europe, a cathedral of such splendour that it ranks among the finest achievements of the Gothic builders, the ruins of a stately monastery, a score of interesting churches from Saxon times onwards, a Norman Castle, a Guildhall belonging to the Middle Ages, narrow and picturesque streets full of overhanging timbered houses, a most curious Merchant Venturers' Hall, and many other buildings of the greatest charm belonging to the Tudor and later periods, one can scarcely believe that there have been folk who have travelled far to see the homeland of the English people and have yet overlooked York. To Petilius Cerealis, a Roman general, it is probable that we owe the founding of Roman Frontinus and Agricola as successors. This was or soon afterwards. exceedingly York, with in a.d. 70, In the fifth century, the people of Britain, being left to defend themselves against the invading Anglians or English, were gradually overcome, and those who did not die fighting or migrate westwards were probably absorbed by the newcomers as wives and slaves. York resisted, but after about a century (a.d. 547) fell and became Eoforwic. Early in the following century, Edwin became King of Northumbria, which included the eastern side of Britain between York Minster. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. York. ( 73 [Photochrom Co., Ltd Humber and Forth. Through his wife Ethelberga and Paulinus, her chaplain, and perhaps stimulated to action by the attention paid to him by Pope Boniface, who sent a letter accompanied by presents, Edwin decided to abandon his old gods and embrace Christianity. The High Priests of Odin and the other gods of the Baltic shores became Christians too. Idols were burnt and temples had to make way for churches. In York, therefore, close to Edwin's palace, which was probably the praetorium of the Roman castra, arose the first Christian church of the northern capital. It was a hurriedly built structure of timber, and was completed by Easter Day, 627, when Paulinus baptized its royal builder in the new faith. This early and temporary church soon gave way to a structure of stone—the materials certainly taken from ruined Roman buildings—and this in turn was replaced by the much more ambitious minster consecrated in 780. Although even this has disappeared, its foundations were discovered nearly a century ago. In 735, York became the metropolis of an archbishopric, a distinction which London has never enjoyed, and has had an ecclesiastical life detached from Canterbury ever since. If evidence were required to prove the importance and virility of the place in the Dark Age, this should be a substantial contribution. In spite of fearful times of savage warfare and such civil disruption that it is difficult to imagine how a town could continue its corporate existence at all, York has persisted, has grown and become beautiful. Rievaulx Abbey. It is easy to run to superlatives when writing of Rievaulx Abbey, for its unique position on the steep slope of an exquisitely wooded valley watered by a musical stream has attractive qualities which are always fresh to the eye. In the first half of the twelfth century, Cistercian monks came to this very- beautiful spot, then described as a vast and horrible solitude, and, after the amazing fashion of the Middle Ages, soon began to produce, in conditions which seem almost overwhelmingly difficult, a most imposing church with a great pile of domestic buildings adjoining. Encouraged by Walter Espec, the great Norman baron of Helmsley, the monastery prospered, and eventually the valley possessed one of the finest religious ( 74 ) London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Rievaulx Abbey. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. structures in the north of England. Where, before the arrival of the little colony, no sounds broke the silence of the valley save the notes of birds or the cries of wild animals, the hillsides echoed to the tolling of bells, and from the great church came the solemn sounds of Gregorian music. The valley is again almost silent, save for the music of Nature, for the village of Rievaulx consists of a few scattered cottages and a small church, and it is possible to study the splendid ruins of the abbey in the ideal atmosphere of seclusion from the busy world. Byland Abbey. It is curious to read that at one time the monks of the Cistercian Abbey of Byland selected a position for their monastery so close to Rievaulx that they removed from it a few miles further off to the present site on account of the annoyance of the sound of the bells of the neighbouring house. That two great Cistercian monasteries should have existed and flourished so close to one another reveals the fervour of religious zeal in the Middle Ages. The local population appears to have always been small, and yet the funds for rearing two vast churches came in from a variety of sources other than the gifts of land which were generously bestowed by local owners of the soil. Towards the end of the twelfth century, the abbey of Byland began to appear in its present form, and the western front with its great circular window was achieved by the mediaeval craftsmen. This feature, now half-destroyed, gives the ruins a very distinctive character, one curve of the big semi-circle being accentuated by the presence of a turret which points to the heavens in a very impressive manner. Close to Byland Abbey is the charming old village of Cox- wold, where Laurence Sterne was vicar, and where, in the quaint stone vicarage, still standing, he wrote " The Sentimental Journey," and part of " Tristram Shandy." The situation of this village between two most attractive groups of hills, where history is written on every side, is one of the most beautiful in northern England. Ripon Minster. The present cathedral of Ripon, for the more pleasant sounding " minster " was superseded in 1836, is mainly the Transitional-Norman work of Roger, Archbishop of York, who rebuilt the pure Norman creation of Thurstan, his predecessor. Byland Abbey. ( 75 ) Ripon. One has to go as far back as the seventh century to find the beginnings of Ripon. Wilfrid, Archbishop of York (afterwards canonized), founded a monastery there, and of this early structure, built scarcely more than two hundred years after the collapse of the Roman Government of Britain, there remains the remarkable crypt entered from the nave. The Central chamber has walls pierced with a narrow slit which fights a narrow passage outside. This opening is called " St. Wilfrid's Needle," and has become associated with a tradition that it was at one time used as a test of female chastity. When the church was rebuilt by Archbishop Roger, being only Collegiate, it had an aisleless nave. The adding of the aisles in the sixteenth century gave Ripon the distinction of being one of the broadest and also one of the shortest cathedrals in the country. ( 76 ) London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Internally there have been a number of alterations of the early work, and the most remarkable of these is the conspicuously unfinished task of remodelling the Transitional-Norman arches of the central tower in the Perpendicular period. Fountains Abbey. Four miles from Ripon by a pleasant road is the beautiful park of Studley Royal, in which is situated the most complete, and in many ways the finest, monastic ruin in Great Britain. It is hard indeed to think of the ruins of any religious house on the Continent which for beauty of position and completeness of both church and domestic buildings excels Fountains. Fountains Abbey. [Photochrom Co., Lid. The stately Norman nave and the transepts of the church are roofless, but otherwise complete. In notable contrast to the plain and massive character of the rest of the structure, are the Perpendicular tower, without which the whole group of buildings would, from without, lack distinction, and the Early English choir, including " The Chapel of the Nine Altars," which possesses two of the tallest and slenderest columns in the whole world. Durham Cathedral. structures then being built in Normandy and elsewhere. In 1096 he died, only three years after the work had been started, but his successor, Ranulf Flambard, the notorious fighting bishop called " Exterminator of the Poor," carried on the work, and when, he too, was dead, the church was to a great extent complete, the western towers being then carried as high as the roof of the nave. The early English period saw the reconstruction of the apses at the east end, and in their place arose the Chapel of the Nine Altars, forming an eastern transept as at Fountains Abbey. Finally, in the fifteenth century, the culminating achievement of the cathedral builders took the form of a superb tower in the best period of Perpendicular. On the Durham bank of the Tees stand the picturesque tower-studded ruins of Barnard Castle. It was founded by Bernard Baliol, a son of one of the feudal lords who flocked, to the Conqueror's standard. A descendant at the end of the thirteenth century was the John Baliol who became king of Scotland, and, having severed relations with Edward I and Durham and Barnard Castle. In choosing the site for Durham Cathedral, the earlv builders were guided not so much by pictures queness of effect as by security of position. Later on, it cannot be doubted that the artists in stone who flung aloft those great walls and towers were fully alive to the magnificent natural advantages of the site. Whether the great pile is seen as a pale grey silhouette with the smoke of the town filling the ravine, or in the clear afternoon light of a summer's day bathed in the golden glow of the west, the least impressionable observer feels that here is something rarely met, here is a building planned on unfamiliarly grand lines What, then, is its story ? How came it to be ? To answer these questions it is necessary to go back to 995, when Bishop Ealdhune is found seeking a place of safety from the bloodthirsty Danes, and having with him the famous relics of St Cuthbert. The Bishop's little party took refuge on the peninsula of Dunholm above the windings of the river Wear. It was an admirable spot for defence, and by 998 the first church of Durham was built. It has quite vanished, its place being taken by the cathedral, whose foundations were laid by the Norman Bishop Carilef, who wished to emulate the scale of the huge Romanesque ( 77 ) Barnard Castle. ( 78 ) [Photochrom Co., Ltd. J London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway allied himself with the French, he was naturally deprived of his English estates. Later, the Barnard Castle lands came to the Earls of Warwick, and finally to Richard Neville, " the Kingmaker," who married Anne of Warwick. When their daughter, the Lady Anne Neville, married Richard III, the castle was again a royal possession. Northumberland. HADRIAN'S WALL. To some it is, I fear, not easy to stir the emotions when describing the remains of Rome in this country. Too often the impression is fixed that the Romans came here for a very short time and left behind them a quantity of dusty stones and broken pottery. That they controlled the destinies of Britain The Roman Wall. for four centuries, that is, for a period as long as that stretching back to the days of Henry VIII, is scarcely realized, and that they left behind them such an amazing monument of their determination to hold the southern half of the island as a wall eight feet in thickness and about twenty feet in height, stretching from the Tyne to the Solway, is hardly quite believed. Through the depredations of those in search of ready-made building stone, the wall has suffered painfully, but, notwithstanding fifteen centuries of such treatment, it stands to-day for many miles at about a third of its original height and at its full thickness. BAMBURGH CASTLE. Bamburgh Castle is a magnificient relic of the feudal age, and its fine position, proudly planted on a tongue of basaltic rock just above the restless fretting of the North sea, gives it that picturesque quality which is required by a stronghold with such a stirring past. Only a few miles along the cost from Bamburgh is the low sandy islet of Lindisfarne or Holy Island, a place of hallowed memories on account of the pious men who ruled the monastery established there in the early days of Christianity, when it kindled the light of the new religion in the darkness of pagan England. It was in 634 that Oswald, King of Northumbria (afterwards canonized), established a monastery on the island and installed there the monks who had come from Iona. Alnwick Castle stands complete. It is occupied by the Duke of Northumberland, and still maintains within its hoary ( 79 )] Bamburgh Castle. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. walls something of the state and the forms and titles of the Middle Ages. It is to be regretted that Algernon, the fourth Duke, some seventy years ago spent vast sums on the interior of the' keep in order to convert it into a Roman palazzo. Fortunately, the exterior has not been spoiled, and fine Norman arches, a picturesque gateway, and other good features remain. Alnwick Castle. Edinburgh. Search England, Scotland, Ireland, or the whole length and breadth of Europe, and where will you find a city (except, perhaps, Athens) to compare with Edinburgh for splendour of situation ? It is very doubtful, too, if you will succeed in discovering an urban thoroughfare which rivals Prince's Street. From the ramparts of the Castle, if one takes a position by the formidable old canon called " Mons Meg," the view spread out to the north and right over the Forth eastward explains at once the reason for calling Edinburgh " the Athens of the North." The magnificent groupings of volcanic hills and scarps close at hand and across the estuary make picturesque and inspiring every view, and the singularly fortunate incompleteness of the national monument on the Calton Hill ( 80 ) London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway I Edinburgh. Linlithgow Palace and Loch. adds a fine note of classic dignity in just the right position. The presence of a great arm of the sea shining like silver between the green woods and hills near at hand and more distant Fifeshire, supplies all that is required to complete the grandeur of the great panorama. Edinburgh Castle. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. Eighteen miles west of Edinburgh stands the imposing roofless palace-fortress of Linlithgow, one of the favourite residences of the later Stuart kings. It was begun about 1495 by James IV, and, having become the favourite home of James V and his French wife, Marie de Lorraine, it was here that the birth took place on December 7, 1542, of their ill-fated daughter Mary. great house Abbotsford, and was the scene of his death, is the Eastern Border along the beautiful windings of the River Tweed, There stands mighty Norham's gaping keep, the subject of a masterly painting by Turner, and near by is the Field of Flodden, where James IV met defeat and death in 1513, an event which called forth some of Scott's finest battle music. Higher up the valley are the ruins of Kelso's Abbey and the shell of Home Castle, visible from afar on its lonelv height. At Melrose the very heart of the Scott country is reached. It is the " Kennaquhair" of " The Monastery " and " The Abbot," and in " The Lay of the Last Minstrel" the poet describes Abbotsford. The Scott Country. The portion of Scotland which is most associated with the writings of " the Wizard of the North," which contains his ( 8i ) in matchless word-painting the beautiful ruin beneath the triple shadow of the Eildon Hills. Three miles off is Dryburgh Abbey, where Scott lies in a spot which could scarcely have been better chosen. He died in 1S32, after a life of heroic endeavour ( 82 } J London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Melrose Abbey. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. and great achievement. Abbotsford, the home which he built on the banks of his beloved Ettrick, is two miles from Dryburgh, and all who count themselves among the great multitude of Sir Walter's admirers can visit the pseudo-Gothic mansion where he passed his latter years. The house is filled with relics of his life and interests. The town is certainly ancient, and probably dates back to 736, when the relics of St. Andrew were deposited there. But tradition connects the place with a much more ancient personage, a fourth-century saint named Regulus. The cathedral was founded by Bishop Arnold in 1147, and completed in 1318. In 1378 it was burned, and afterwards rebuilt. Seriously injured at the Reformation, it gradually fell into ruins, so that to-day it is a somewhat fragmentary shell which still endures the severities of a Scottish winter. Close to the cathedral are the far more interesting remains of the early church of St. Regulus. They consist of the tower and a portion of the choir. The building is known to have been standing about 1040, and may quite possibly be three centuries older. Tall, severely simple, and dignified stands the tower, a basilica- campanile which may have been erected in the eighth century. St. Andrews Castle, like most of the Scottish strongholds of the east coast, is placed so that the sea forms a defence on three sides. It is now a picturesque ruin, with its best preserved portions facing landwards, and has retained its oubliette, or bottle-shaped dungeon, as a reminder in the twentieth century of the fate of many unhappy creatures whose path led them counter to authority or caprice in some form or another in pre- Reformation da vs. The Trossachs. No one cares to miss the country of " The Lady of the Lake," when visiting Scotland, and, even if Scott had never penned a line of poetry on Loch Katrine and the romantic scenery in which it is set, the charm of the district would invite the traveller to explore its lovely recesses. St. Andrews. On a picturesque corner of the coast of Fife, stands St. Andrews, at one time the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, and now a university town of considerable importance. To many lovers of a relaxation which is indigenous to Scotland, St. Andrews conjures up little besides golf, but, however much this royal game appeals to the visitor, it is unnecessary to dilate upon it here. St. Andrews, Golf Club House. Ellen's Isle, Loch Katrine. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. ( 83 ) But " The Wizard of the North," decided to take the three lakes, Katrine, Achray and Vennachar, as the country in which to place his romantic poem, and he also selected the same part of Scotland for the stage of his novel " Rob Roy." The attention thus drawn to what had been a remote and very little visited part of the Highlands soon gave the Trossachs an importance in the eyes of visitors which has never waned. The background of " The Lady of the Lake," is limited to the hills between Vennachar and Katrine and by the banks of Achray, and there is found the rough and precipitous area of rock and forest which is called the Trossachs. ( 84 ) London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Lincoln. For many miles in every direction the grand cathedral of Lincoln is the one notable feature of the landscape. The three splendid towers in general outline and arrangement recall York, but there the comparison ends. Lincoln possesses one of those astonishingly original and daring conceptions which, here and there in a pilgrimage through England, almost leave one breathless. Flung across the west end is a facade of great breadth, consisting of rows of superimposed arcading, broken in the centre with a deeply recessed arch to accommodate the west window of the nave. At each end of this gigantic screen are octagonal towers. This great work was conceived and executed in the Early English period and masks to a great extent the Norman work of the western towers. It is fitting that so great an achievement of the first period of Gothic should be seen at Lincoln, for in the western portion of the choir, Lincoln Cathedral. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. called " St. Hugh's," one sees what is generally regarded as the first example of any importance of the pointed style extant in England. When Britain was being subjugated by the Romans, Lincoln became the base for some years of the IXth Legion, which later was transferred to York. The place became a colony and was eventually walled. Fortunately, parts of this Roman work are still to be seen, and one of the gates, that leading out to the north, is still standing, a solid and most impressive reminder of the genius of the Roman people which turned a country occupied by warring tribes into an ordered and peaceful unit of the great empire of the Old World. Boston. The decayed little English town of Boston, which gave its name to the capital of Massachusetts, was in early times a very important seaport. The name is an abbreviation of Botolphs- town, from St. Botolph, the patron saint of the place, and to whom also is dedicated the famous church. It is certainly one of the noblest of the parish churches in the length and breadth of the land, its wonderfully graceful Perpendicular tower crowned by a beautiful lantern being its ( 85 ) chief feature and a landmark for a great distance. The calling of such a lofty and graceful tower " Boston Stump," is singularly incongruous. In the church is the chapel dedicated to the memory of John Cotton, the Puritan vicar of the town during the early seventeenth century. He became incumbent in 1612, but his Puritan tendencies were remarked by Laud, and in 1633 he fled to join his fellows in Massachusetts, becoming " Teacher" at the church of New Boston. It was from Boston that the Puritans' emigration, which presently became world-famous as the migration of the Pilgrim Fathers, really began in 1607-8 by the flight to Holland of the little band of separatists led by William Brewster. The first attempt failed, and Brewster himself was imprisoned for a time, emigration without governmental permission being regarded in the seventeenth century as a misdemeanour. A second effort resulted in the escape of Brewster and a few men, all the rest being seized. Eventually, the whole of the band were united in Holland, when in 1620 they at last sailed, touching at Plymouth and elsewhere before they finally set forth to cross the Atlantic and found Massachusetts. Scrooby—The Home of William Brewster. The manor house at Scrooby, at one time inhabitedHby William Brewster, is still to be seen. It is now a farmhouse near by the L.N.E.R. main line from London to Scotland. i Boston "Stump ( 86 ) [Photochrom Co., Ltd. +J London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Scrooby, Old Manor House. Born in 1566, Brewster began life as secretary to Elizabeth's minister Davison, and lived at Scrooby between 1590 and 1607. His founding of a Puritan assembly at the village led to his flight to Holland, where he became Ruling Elder of the congregation. He sailed in the Mayflower and died in the new colony in 1644. In Scrooby church Brewster's pew is still pointed out. Four miles north of the village is Austerfield, the birthplace of William Bradford (1590-1651), the strong and successful governor of New Plymouth. Cambridge and Ely. On a certain day in May in the year of Grace 1669, Samuel Pepys was dining at the Spanish Ambassador's, and there he relates how the company became " very merry at my defending Cambridge against Oxford." To-day there are large numbers who would be ready to join the diarist in his advocacy of the charms of Cambridge, and the more one knows the slightly less ancient University, the more one feels that it has possessions which deserve unqualified superlatives. Has any university town other than Cambridge made quite such good use of its river ? The Cam has a scholarly character utterly removed from the taint of commercialism. It has been possessed by the Colleges to such an extent that it is now the collegiate river of England more absolutely than the rivers of Oxford. The velvety lawns which border the Cam and the bridges which span it are dignified and beautiful and almost without rival. It is a pity the gardens and lawns of the colleges were ever called by such an unsatisfying name as " The Backs," for the term suggests nothing but ugliness to the average mind, and until one has seen them in summer time, their glories cannot be appreciated. It was in Norman times that there was a very strong influence emanating from the continent which encouraged the founding of monastic schools, and no doubt at this early period small colonies of canons and friars were established at Cambridge for the training of youths for the claustral life, and there, in 1284, Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded the first college on an academic basis. It became known as Peterhouse. Forty years passed before the next foundation was made, but after that they followed in quick succession. Ely Cathedral. [Photochrom Co., Lid. [Photochrom Co., Ltd. Cambridge, Clare College and King's Chapel. ( 87 ) The beautiful courts of St. John's College have spread to the western side of the river, and the wonderful covered bridge of red brick is the exquisitely beautiful link which unites them. Henry VIII was the founder of Trinity College, for which two of the very early colleges had to die an unmerited death. The huge courtyard is unique. King's College has a chapel famous in Europe, for it is one of the very small group of Perpendicular structures of the type of Henry VII's chapel at Westminster, and is a masterpiece for the wonderful grace and delicacy of its fan vaulted roofs and for its marvellous range of windows which have reduced the wall space to the smallest possible dimensions the choir are both remarkable. The gate of honour of Caius College is one of the architectural gems of the university, and another is the stone bridge of Clare College. Magdalen College preserves the original of Pepys' Diary, and the libraries as a whole have many volumes which are rare and important. Ely is so near to the university town that it is almost inevitable that one should try to include the great Fenland cathedral in the same visit as that paid to Cambridge. ( 88 ) The stained glass and the woodwork of London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway The magnificent pile crowns a low hill rising above the broad levels of Fenland, and on account of this the building stands out with great importance in the landscape. It was right back in Saxon times that the monastery was founded by the wife of Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria, and it became the last rallying point of the English five years after the Norman Conquest. Kingsley's " Hereward the Wake," throws such a glamour over the Isle of Ely that it should be read before the scene is visited. Norwich Cathedral. Norwich was at one time the second city in England. It is still of some importance, and possesses one of the noblest cathedrals in the country. Nave, transepts, the central tower and other features are Norman, and the Perpendicular choir retains the apsidal form of the Norman period. A beautiful crocketted spire rises above the tower and gives to Norwich that splendid silhouette which makes it comparable only to Salisbury. The cathedral close is large and beautiful and its charm is enhanced by the possession of three gateways. One of them was built by Sir Thomas Erpingham, marshal of the English army at Agincourt, in 1415. The city is famous for its churches, more than forty in number. That dedicated to St. Peter Mancroft is one of the most notable in the country. The huge Norman keep of the castle contains the museum and the art 111 Hiif?^^^ Norwich Cathedral. [Special Press. gallery. Other notable buildings are the Guildhall and the Grammar School. Although a busy manufacturing town, Norwich has preserved so many of its mediaeval buildings that those who neglect to visit the place miss a great deal. Health and Pleasure in East Britain. The tourist who wishes to forsake the purely historical spots for a time in order to visit any of the popular seaside or inland resorts can do so very easily. For instance, Scarborough, Scarborough, South Bay. England's foremost seaside resort, is within an hour's journey by rail from York, and a visit to the town makes a delightful break in the tourist's round of inspection of the scenes of history. Scarborough has to the full the qualities so rarely combined of being up-to-date and unspoilt; there are two lovely bays with delightful sands, and the surrounding country consists of rolling moorland, tinged with purple heather, which vies with the blue of the sea ; in summer the public gardens are a blaze of flowers and the air is made delicate with ( 89 ) ! London and North Eastern Railway London and North Eastern Railway Harrogate. their perfume. Excellent concerts are given daily by first-class artistes in the Spa and the Floral Hall; kinema theatres are, of course, in abundance, and the lover of gaiety is catered for equally as well as the lover of nature. Other resorts near by are Whitby, Bridlington, Filey—indeed the whole of the Yorkshire coast may be described as one long seaside playground, where even the most humble village has its individual charm. Harrogate, conveniently reached from York or Ripon, is a surprise to most overseas visitors. The old idea that Spa treatment can only be had at Belgian Spa and its continental namesakes is very difficult to destroy, but a visit to Harrogate soon rids the visitor of this impression, for here he will find the best equipped baths in Europe offering waters from no less than 87 natural springs, and staffed by certificated attendants. Harrogate, however, by no means appeals to invalids alone, for the visitor may make his choice of several golf courses, tennis courts, etc., while so far as indoor amusements are concerned, the municipal Orchestra plays twice daily in the Royal Hall, and excellent entertainments are given in the Opera House, the Variety Theatre, and various Picture Theatres. Practically all the East Coast resorts are within easy reach of one of the historic towns previously mentioned. Yarmouth and Lowestoft are less than an hour's journey from Norwich ; Skegness and Cleethorpes are within 50 miles of Lincoln ; and York itself is an excellent centre for exploring the Yorkshire Coast and Dales. No genuine lover of the beauties of nature can visit England without also allotting a few days at least to exploring the lochs and glens of Scotland. Loch Lomond and Loch Katrine, beloved of poets and artists ; the Trossachs, known far and wide for its rugged beauty—who can miss an opportunity of seeing the wild grandeur that brought forth Scott's wonderful lines ? Truly he is dead of soul who can visit, without being moved, the magnificent scenes of " Caledonia, stern and wild, Meet nurse for a poetic child ! Land of brown heath and shaggy wood, Land of the mountain and the flood." For the golfer, Scotland is the home of his favourite game and almost every little village has its links—in many cases very fine ones—on which visitors can play for a merely nominal sum. The angler will find many a stream where trout will rise to the fly, and really good sport may be had on some of the burns in the valleys. Photochrom Co., Ltd. Luss Glen. Loch Lomond. Peterborough, York, and Durham are on the main East Coast Route, the shortest and quickest from King's Cross to Scotland, and other cathedral cities are connected by convenient branch lines. The Continent via Harwich. The Harwich Route to the Continent, with its through train connections from Scotland, the North of England and the Midland Counties will be found most convenient for the holiday- maker—particularly to Holland, Belgium, North Germany, and Denmark. There are also excellent connections to South Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, and other parts of Europe. Intending visitors to Northern Italy are advised to travel via Antwerp for a comfortable and quick journey. The Company's R.M. Turbine Steamers are specially equipped for night travel, including cabins de luxe, single and two-berthed deck cabins, and handsomely appointed dining, smoking, and ladies' saloons. In connection with these steamship services, the trains running between Harwich and London have restaurant cars attached, and a through corridor restaurant car train runs every week-day between Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, and Harwich (Parkeston Quay). ( 92 ) I Great Western Railway The Holiday Line of England. wftP.fl*Sflr**fry to ;■■ 'test SKETCH MAP OF THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY AND CONNECTIONS. "THE territory served by the G.W.R. has a special appeal for Canadians. It is rich in association with the Elizabethan Sea-kings who opened up North America, the three most intimately connected with Canada being John Sebastian Cabot, the explorer of Newfoundland, whose expedition was financed by the citizens of Bristol, and Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who set sail from Plymouth to take possession of the newly-discovered territory in Queen Elizabeth's name. Martin Frobisher, explorer of Labrador, is buried in St. Andrew's Church, Plymouth. Most Canadians are intensely interested in the history of the Mother Country, and the history of our race becomes an entrancing study when carried out in the West Country. Every succeeding.stage can be followed with ease by even the most hurried and heedless traveller. Prehistoric fossils abound in Somerset, and relics of the Danish colonists who settled on the shore of the Severn Sea are numerous. Traces of the Phcenecian traders are found in Cornwall and Devon. Ancient British pit and cave dwellings are carefully preserved in many counties. The Druidic circle at Stonehenge and other Druidic survivals scattered over the West of England and Wales carry the story a little further. Glastonbury was the birthplace of Christianity in England and St. Woolos of the Faith in Wales. The Roman remains at Bath are the finest outside Italy, and the knowledge of that splendid era is furthered by the discovery of Roman remains at Caerleon and Chedworth. At Woodstock is the site of one of the first British palaces, and all the places made famous by their association with King Arthur, the last British King to hold out against the Saxon invasion, are served bv the G.W.R. In the Channel Islands, the old Norman French language of William the Conqueror's followers, long fallen into desuetude in Normandy, and many of the Norman customs and laws are still preserved. The extraordinary number of Cathedrals, Abbeys, and Castles are an alluring guarantee of the rich store of relics of every century, from the Saxon era to the present day, awaiting the tourist in the West Country. The literary associations of the fair countryside served by the G.W.R. vie with the historical remains in their multiplicity and interest. Foremost is, of course, the rich pastoral country of " Shakespeareland." Kenilworth is associated with Sir Walter Scott's novel of the same name. Stoke Poges has been immortalized by Gray's Elegy. Milton wrote part of " Paradise Lost" at Chalfont St. Giles, and also lived at Horton, both villages in Bucks. Thomas Hardy has popularized Wessex in his novels, and Eden Phillpotts has skilfully depicted the lure of Dartmoor. The list of popular modern novelists who have laid the scenes of their plots in G.W.R. territory is almost endless, the best known being "Q," John Oxenham, Allen Raine, Conan Doyle, the Rev. A. D. Crake, R. D. Blackmore, the Rev. S. Baring- Gould, Louis Tracy, A. E. W. Mason, Morice Gerard, Joseph Hocking, and Maurice Hewlett. The thousand miles of sea board, stretching from Weymouth in Dorset to Pwllheli, in North Wales, is known as " The Ocean Coast," owing to the fact that the sweet sea breezes reach it straight from the West Indies, without passing over any land, and this, combined with the beneficent influence of the Gulf Stream, has resulted in an ideal climate. ( 93 ( 94 ) Great Western Railway The Holiday Line of England World famous beauty spots are brought within easy reach by the splendid service of trains maintained to all parts. Torquay, Queen of the English Riviera, with its brilliant colouring and riotous luxuriance of sub tropical plants, is in vivid contrast to the wild grandeur of its hinterland—Dartmoor. Nearby are the typically English Cockington Village, known world-wide through its seemingly irresistible attraction for painters ; Clovelly, resembling a lovely Italian village ; and Brixham, with its famous fishing fleet. The wide heather-clad moorlands and woods of Exmoor are familiar to many through the pages of " Lorna Doone." The Cornish Riviera Express, the longest daily non-stop run in the world, whirls tourists to such lovely scenes as Kynance Cove and Mullion, and the rugged cliff scenery of Land's End. The exquisite loveliness of the Wye Valley attracts countless visitors every year, and those who feel the lure of high places will find contentment in North Wales, " The British Tyrol." The G.W.R. Company was originally incorporated in 1835 for a railway 118 miles long from London to Bristol, but has grown by various amalgamations to nearly 4,000 miles, serving an area of such scenic beauty that it is known as " The Holiday Line." Special facilities are afforded to Colonial and American visitors at Liverpool Landing Stage Station, and every assistance is given to travellers by the Company's officials, who meet the liners on arrival. IRELAND. Most Colonial and American visitors plan a tour of Ireland as an essential part of their itinerary. The short sea-route via Fishguard and Rosslare gives a through connection to Killarney Lakes, and the less-known but equally lovely Bantry Bay, besides providing connections to every part of the Emerald Isle. ff THE ISLE OF MAN. The widespread popularity of Hall Caine's Manx novels will lead many Overseas visitors to feel that a tour of the British Isles would be incomplete without at least a glimpse of the glorious scenery which forms the background for so many of his stories. A special service is given by the Great Western Railway from Paddington by the Isle of Man Boat Express, and from the principal provincial centres by convenient services. TRAVEL BOOKS. The G.W.R. make a special feature of beautifully illustrated and informative travel books dealing with every section of their fine. Copies of these attractive booklets, together with timetables, fares, and any other desired information, can be obtained from the General Agents to the Company— K. W. C. Grand, General Agent, G.W.R. of England, 505 Fifth Avenue, New York, U.S.A.; and Thomas Cook & Son, 245 Broadway, New York, U.S.A. When in England, visit the Great Western Railway's West End Travel Bureau, 7 and 8 Gharing Cross, London, S.W.I, where additional information can be obtained. Complete tour tickets covering all journeys are obtainable at this office, and the staff will place their expert knowledge of the country at the disposal of all Overseas visitors. A G.W.R. Representative from this Bureau (Telephone, Regent 5928) will call at any address in London on request. Booklets and information may also be obtained from— The Superintendent of the Line, G.W. Railway, Paddington Station, London, W.2. ( 95 ) ARRANGEMENTS FOR DEBARKATION AT LIVERPOOL. The G.W.R. Company's representatives meet all steamers at Liverpool and render passengers every assistance. No expense need be incurred after passing baggage through the Customs House, for passengers holding Steamship Companies' orders to London, as through tickets are obtainable at the G.W.R. office in the Customs House Waiting Room on the landing Stage. Passengers other than those holding the orders referred to pay Is. per package for their luggage (Landing and Porterage charges payable to the Port Authorities). The following routes are available between the Port of Liverpool and London, covering the following places of interest: 1.—The Direct Route—passing through Chester, Shrewsbury, Birmingham, Leamington Spa, Bicester, etc. 2.—The " Royal " Shakespeare route—skirting the border of Wales and passing through Shrewsbury, Chester, Birmingham, Warwick, Leamington Spa, Stratford-on-Avon, Oxford, Reading, Slough, and Windsor. 3.—The Severn Valley, or Kidderminster and Worcester route—passing through Chester, Shrewsbury, Bridgnorth (or Wolverhampton), Kidderminster, Worcester, Stratford- on-Avon, Oxford, Slough, and Windsor. 4.—The Wye Valley Route, at higher fares—passing through Chester, Shrewsbury, Ludlow, Hereford, Ross, Monmouth, Tintern, Chepstow, Gloucester, Slough, and Windsor. 5.—The Hereford, Bristol, and Bath route, at higher fares— passing through Chester, Shrewsbury, Ludlow, Hereford, Abergavenny, Bristol, Bath, Slough, and Windsor. TICKET OFFICES AND AGENCIES. G.W.R. tickets are issued on board Canadian Pacific Liners, and can also be obtained from the following offices : New York—K. W. C. Grand, 505 Fifth Avenue. Thomas Cook & Son, 245 Broadway. Liverpool—G.W.R. Office on the Landing Stage. G.W.R. Offices, 11 James Street. Thomas Cook & Son, 51 Lord Street. London—Chief Depot, Paddington Stadon, W.2. West End Inquiry Office, 7 and 8 Charing Cross (Whitehall), S.W.I. BAGGAGE. Passengers are required to attach securely to each article a label with their name and destination legibly written thereon ; and are requested to remove all old labels and addresses, and to see each packa ge properly labelled with the Company's labels to the Station to which they have taken their tickets, as the Company will not be responsible for the care of the luggage unless it is fully addressed with the name and destination of the passenger, and the owner has seen it properly labelled with the Company's printed labels ; neither will they be responsible for articles accompanying passengers in carriages. As an extra precaution it is suggested the owner's name and address be placed inside the package. First class passengers are allowed the free conveyance of personal luggage (except on the Road Motor Cars or Omnibuses) not exceeding 150 lb., and third class 100 lb. For charges for luggage on the Road Motor Cars and Omnibuses see special bill. CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS' LUGGAGE IN ADVANCE. For the convenience of passengers their personal luggage will be collected at hotel or residence in the principal towns on the G.W.R. and forwarded in advance of the owner's journey, and delivered at their hotel or residence if within the Company's ordinary cartage area, at stations where this service is performed, at a charge of 2s. per package, which must be prepaid. ( 96 ) Great Western Railway The Historic and Scenic Line The usual weight of luggage according to the number and class of tickets held will be allowed, and any excess charged for at the ordinary excess luggage rates. Passengers desiring to avail themselves of these facilities must purchase tickers to cover the journey beforehand, but these can be dated to suit their convenience and will be sent by post on receipt of a remittance covering their cost. For further particulars apply at the stations and offices of the Company. DELIVERY OF PASSENGERS" LUGGAGE AT HOTELS. Luggage of passengers travelling by the G.W.R. and intending to stay at the Great Western Royal Hotel, Paddington, the Tregenna Castle Hotel, St. Ives, or Fishguard Bay Hotel, Fishguard, will, on application at any Great Western Station, be accepted and forwarded direct to the Hotel free of charge, if within the weight allowed. BAGGAGE OR CLOAK ROOMS are provided at principal stations and at Paddington Terminus, London. Paddington Station, the famous London terminus of the G.W.R., covers an area of 70 acres, and is most accessible from all parts of the Metropolis. The Metropolitan and Bakerloo Railways are connected by subway, and within a few minutes' walk is Lancaster Gate Station, Central London Station. It is from Paddington that visitors whilst in London start for Windsor, Stoke Poges, Oxford, Stratford-on-Avon, the Cornish Riviera, etc. CABS AND PRIVATE BROUGHAMS. Public cabs are available at the principal stations at all times, and the scale charges is conspicuously displayed. Private Broughams are also available at Paddington at fixed charges. o o o LUNCHEON AND TEA BASKETS. For the convenience of passengers, baskets containing Hot or Cold Luncheons or Tea can be obtained at the Refreshment Rooms at the principal Stations, on notice being given to the Guard at a preceding stopping station. RESTAURANT AND SLEEPING CARS. Breakfast, Luncheon, Tea, & Dinner Cars are run on the important express trains. Moderate tariff Sleeping Cars for first class passengers are run on certain through night trains. I Tintern Abbey. the abbeys by name, but each is well worth a visit. The exquisite ruins of Glastonbury stand supreme as a relic of the Benedictine Order, apart from their often-disputed connection with St. Joseph of Arimathea and King Arthur. Tintern is pre-eminent as an example of the monasteries of the Cistercian Order, and the extensive ruins at Much Wenlock of the Cluniac Order. Each cathedral has its distinctive charm. Hereford Cathedral, one of the oldest in the British Isles, has the finest chained library in the country. The great west front of Wells is awe-inspiring in the multiplicity and perfection of its sculptured figures. Exeter Cathedral is unsurpassed for richness of detail, and Oxford Cathedral for its exquisite proportions. The chief glory of Birmingham Cathedral is the windows, by Sir Edward Burne Jones, and of Manchester, the splendid carving of the woodwork. Liverpool Cathedral, when it is finished, will be one of the world's largest cathedrals, though at present Winchester Cathedral, 'where Isaac Walton is buried, is the longest in England. The tapering spire of Salisbury Cathedral is the Jf> >¥» Cathedrals and Abbeys. r* HRISTIANITY owes a debt of gratitude to Lucius, the first ^ Christian King of Britain, for he built the first church in Wales at Llandaff—the present Cathedral marks the site— in a.d. 180, and restored the little church which was the forerunner of the splendid Glastonbury Abbey, which was undoubtedly the first Christian church in the world to be built above ground. The second oldest church in Wales was on the site of the present Cathedral of St. Woolos at Newport (Mon.), whose founder, Gwynlliw Filwr, a Welsh Prince, died 100 years before St. Augustine arrived at Canterbury, though the distinction of being " the birthplace of the Christian faith in England " is often claimed for Canterbury. Thus the G.W.R. has the distinction of serving the sites of the three earliest churches in the British Isles. It is not, therefore, surprising that the territory served by the G.W.R. can claim more cathedrals and abbeys than any other part of Britain. There are no fewer than eighty important abbeys and eighteen cathedrals within its bounds. It is impossible even to mention ( 97 ) Wells Cathedral. ( 98 ) Great Western Railway The Royal Holiday Line Exeter Cathedral the Nave. Chester Cathedral. most perfect specimen of pure English Gothic. The imposing tower of the Norman Cathedral at Gloucester is on the site of a seventh-century monastery. St. David's is famed for its remote situation, its wonderful relics, and the beauty of its carving, and for the fact that the King of Britain automatically becomes a Canon of St. David's when he ascends the throne, a special choir stall being kept there in which only the reigning monarch may sit. The See of Worcester was founded in 679, the present building being commenced in 1084. The extensive Norman remains incorporated in Chester Cathedral indicate the size and form of the previous edifice. Bristol Cathedral will repay a visit—founded in 1142 as an abbey, it became a cathedral under Henry VIII after the suppression of the monasteries. Truro, though a nineteenth-century building, incorporates much of the ancient parish church which formerly occupied the site. Brecon Cathedral is simply the former parish church, which was considered the finest in Wales. Castles. The G.W.R. territory is similarly rich in castles, of which eighty-one are described in the Company's " Castles " book. Many are still the stately homes of noble families, others the wind-swept relics of princely owners, conjuring up visions of fair ladies and gallant knights, wistful tales of romance and splendid deeds of daring. The Royal Castle of Windsor, founded by William the Conqueror, has been reconstructed and added to, until it is a harmonious blending of the loving labour of almost every succeeding century until the present day. Almost its only rival in point of size, picturesque beauty, and eventful history is the splendid castle of Warwick, where the tourist will realize the power and luxury of the mediaeval English barbns. The ruins of Kenilworth Castle are celebrated through Sir Walter Scott's romance of the same name. The grass-covered remains of Tintagel are invested with a magic charm by Tennyson's St. David's Cathedral from East. ( 99 ) Warwick Castle. ( ioo ) Great Western Railway The Royal Holiday Line in Shakespeareland, but Oxford, England's oldest University town 'The City of the loveliest ' Spires "— reach " of Harlech Castle. description of it as King Arthur's Castle, and the sparse ruins of Monmouth Castle have a glamour thrown over them by the fact that is was the birthplace of the valiant warrior King Henry V—as the Welsh Fluellen in Shakespeare's play is sa fond of reminding his fellow-captains. Harlech Castle has, of course, become celebrated through the stirring song, " March of the Men of Harlech." The Marches of Wales, the scene of. innumerable fierce border fights, have many castle ruins, whilst the castles of South Wales are so numerous it is often called " The Country of Castles." Pembroke Castle. The Shakespeare Country. " The Royal Shakespeare Route" from Liverpool to London passes through the Marches of Wales, and not only includes Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwick, and I^amington Spa ( ioi ) the Thames, from the Penn Country. Oxford to Windsor : Stoke Poges ; and Shakespeareland teems with interest. The rich pastoral country, watered by the quietly beautiful Avon, forms an ideal background for the quaint Tudor houses and thatched cottages of Stratford ; the romantic ruins of Kenilworth; the stately splendour of Warwick ; and the sunny spaciousness of Leamington with its healing spa. Stratford-upon-Avon might almost be termed a museum of Shakespearean relics. There is Shakespeare's own house— now more a museum than a home ; and Anne Hathaway's picturesque cottage, preserved exactly as it was when she lived there. The gardens of both houses are planted with the sweet old-fashioned flowers and herbs of Shakespeare's day— a quaintly arranged mass of glowing colour. Charlecote Park, the scene of Shakespeare's poaching exploits • the school he attended ; and the church in which he is buried, may also be visited. SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE, STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Dramatic Festivals are held twice a year in Stratford—■ the " Birthday Festival " in April, and a nine-weeks' " Summer Festival." Tourists will also be interested in the fine old timbered house where the mother of the Rev. John Harvard, who founded Harvard University, was born ; the " Red Lion " Inn, so beloved by Washington Irving ; and " Welcome House," where the late Mr. Theodore Roosevelt was entertained. Two of the ancient gates of Warwick remain. Beside the West gate is the sixteenth-century Leicester Hospital, founded by Elizabeth's favourite in the shadow of the great castle. Guy's Cliff, with its quaint Saxon mill and charming legend, lies on the road between Warwick and Royal Leamington Spa. This town, one of the most delightful of the English Spas, first became fashionable in the reign of George III, since when it has grown in popularity until it is now one of the best-known and most progressive health resorts in England. 102 ) J Great Western Railway The Royal Holiday Line. Plymouth Pier and Mount Edqcumbe. Torquay. Devon. Devon is particularly rich in associations with the Elizabethan era, though interesting relics of other periods also abound. Plymouth, Devon's great seaport, has many links with her long and troubled history. Round the Barbican, from which the Pilgrim Fathers finally set sail for America, are many picturesque remains of the ancient town. Broad oak staircases, Tudor doorways, and oriel windows with deep window seats, are survivals of the days of " good Queen Bess " and her gallant sea-captains. The great Carolean Citadel is a reminder of the fact that Plymouth's citizens were such stout Parliamentarians that Charles II deemed it prudent to have a fortress which could not only defend the port from foreign invaders, but suppress any signs of rebellion. Dartmoor has been defined as a natural Druidical temple, and many remains of prehistoric settlements may be found among its wild, heather-clad moorlands and rugged granite " tors," as the hills are called. In almost startling contrast to the grandeur of Dartmoor, the coastline is a symphony of brilliant terra-cotta cliffs, shining sapphire sea and sky, dazzling white or golden sand, and the green of sub-tropical vegetation, forming a background for masses of vivid flowers—a riot of colour scenting the soft, ozone-laden breezes. The enchantment of Torquay's bays— Babbacombe, Oddicombe, and Torbay—and the exquisite Anstey's Cove, is world-famed. The Cornish Riviera and the Scilly Isles. The Duchy of Cornwall is a land apart from the other English counties. Descended from those Celts who traded with the Phcenecians in the days before the Roman invasion, the inhabitants have many alien traits and customs. This St. Ives, Cornwall. ( 104 ) Great Western Railway 1 The Line to Historic Shrines 1 Land's End. Cornwall. St. Michael's Mount, Cornwall. aloofness has invested them with a strange, compelling fascination, which is shared to the full by their charming villages and magnificent coast scenery. The tiny hamlets of Cornwall are quaintly named. Polperro, Polkerris, St. Just-in-Roseland ; Mevagissey, ablaze with rhododendrons; Newlyn, Marazion, and Mousehole, with their views of St. Michael's Mount; Mawgan and Llanwern Abbey; and Cadgwith, perhaps the loveliest of all, are only a tithe of the picturesque Cornish villages. The towns of Cornwall still retain the intimate charm of village life. Fowey, immortalized by " Q " in " Troy Town " ; Falmouth, with its wonderful gardens ; Penzance, on lovely Mount's Bay; St. Ives, with its narrow tortuous streets and its air of Bohemian insouciance ; and Newquay on its magnificent cliffs, are all splendid centres for visiting the beauty spots of the " Delectable Duchy." Beyond the rocky ramparts of Land's End fie the Scilly Isles—believed by many to be the hilltops of lost Lyonesse— indescribably lovely all the year round with masses of flowers which are cultivated for export. Somerset. England at its The countryside of Somerset is typical of best. The rich pastureland, heather-clad moors, fields of golden corn, great apple orchards, cool green woods, and the wonders of the Cheddar Gorge, are the embodiment of every exiled Englishman's dreams. A quiet peace broods over her grey old towns and picturesque villages—a mellowness born of her age-old history and traditions of piety and chivalry. The first missionaries to England trod its greensward. King Arthur and his perfect knights carried out their precepts in the Vale of Avalon and at the court of Camelot. Even the Romans laid aside their arms at Bath, and made it a splendid city of pleasure and healing. At Kynance Cove. ( I05 ) Newquay, Tolcarne Beach. ( 106 ) / Great Western Railway The Holiday Line of England Roman Baths, Bath. To enumerate all the links with past ages to be found in Somerset would be equivalent to compiling a catalogue and writing of many events which have altered the course of history. Prehistoric men and beasts, Danish sea-rovers, brave knights and gentle ladies, tournaments and jousts, the opulent life of the monasteries, and the austerity of hermits, the laughter-loving lords and ladies of the Georgian period— all will pass before the explorer in a never-ending procession, each bearing stories far stranger than any to be found in novels. SSL "LtCi { ,',, ^^M HtfLurnp] WtiKK&iK^m ^$&A j^2if ^1 siasa ^^^SS «JWI ^^Bw mJk... £'.*L.J* Bjjjlj i^mP?,? Ross-on-Wye. The Cotswolds. From the vantage-point of the Cotswold Hills a broad plain of rich pasturage and fertile orchards stretches out on either hand. Many of the peaceful villages and quiet towns discernible through the trees can boast a long and varied history. Oxford, the great University town on the Isis, has the charm of antiquity. First mentioned in 912, it has a bewilder- ( 107 ) Oxford. ing array of mediaeval buildings. Part of the old city walls still remain ; it has a mill that has been working for a thousand years, and, loveliest of all, the University buildings dating from the twelve century, and the beautiful College buildings, quadrangles, and gardens. Within easy reach of Oxford are Sulgrave Manor, the ancient home of the Washington family, and Chedworth Roman villa. Gloucester is founded on the site of the Roman camp, " Glevum," and the business portion of the city is closely modelled on the plan of the Roman city, the four main streets meeting at Gloucester Cross being identical with the Roman main roads. Cirencester, " The Capital of the Cotswolds," founded by the Romans ; Malvern Spa and its great abbey ; Cheltenham Spa, a spacious town of eighteenth-century buildings ; the famous Norman Abbey of Tewkesbury; Evesham Abbey; the stately palace of Blenheim, and many other mteresting places, all lie in the Cotswold district. Dorset, Wilts, and the Channel Islands. The Wessex novels of Thomas Hardy have lured many visitors to the beautiful country he depicts. The ancient kingdom of Wessex included Somerset, but Dorset and Wilts are more intimately associated with the veteran author's works. Winchester was the ancient capital of the West Saxon chiefs, and its origin is lost in the mists of antiquity. Several mediaeval inns have survived at Salisbury, the Barchester of Anthony Trollope's novels. Stonehenge, the great stone circle on Salisbury Plain, still mocks at the efforts of the antiquarians to unravel its origin and purpose. " Royal Weymouth," beloved of George III, is the port for the Channel Islands. The valleys of Jersey, Guernsey bays, and the precipitous cliffs of Sark are all haunted by artists—sure sign of their unsurpassed loveliness. Among the unspoilt works of Nature, picturesque traditions dating from before the Conquest are jealously preserved by the sturdy islanders. The Chiltern and the Thames. The stately River Thames flows through a peaceful and fertile countryside past quaint villages and lordly castles, thatched cottages and great abbeys. ( 108 ) Great Western Railway The Royal Holiday Line The Thames at Maidenhead, The royal castle of Windsor gazes proudly down from its eminence at the venerable college of Eton on the opposite bank of the river. A few miles from the Royal Borough are the quiet churchyard of Stoke Poges, where Gray wrote his " Elegy," and the tiny cottage at Chalfont St. Giles where Milton lived. Near by the Chalfonts is Jordans, with which the name of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, is inseparably bound up. The great statesman, Edmund Burke, was born among the Chiltern hills at Beaconsfield ; Edmund Waller is buried in the churchyard near Hall Barn ; Disraeli lived at Hughenden Manor; and John Hampden's " brick parlour " is carefully preserved at Great Hampden House. Denham Village, tucked into a secluded corner of Bucks, is a picturesque hamlet with an ancient wistaria-bowered inn. It lies in the shadow of two great houses—Denham Place and Denham Court, the latter of which has associations with the poet Dryden, who loved the beautiful garden bordering on the River Colne. The great forest of Burnham Beeches, and the breezy moorlands of Gerrard's Cross are two well-known beauty spots of this district. St lift* North Wales and the Cambrian Coast. Tourists to Mid and North Wales are enabled to travel with every comfort by the magnificent express of the G.W.R. Through carriages run daily from Liverpool (Lime Street Station) to Aberystwyth, with connections to Aberdovey, Towyn, Fairbourne, Barmouth, Harlech, Criccieth, Pwllheli, and the other resorts on the shores of Cardigan Bay, and to the delightful inland resorts of Llandiloes, Rhayader, Builth Wells, Talgarth, and Brecon on the Mid-Wales section of the Railway. The route taken by the express trains is via Crewe and Whitchurch (Shropshire), thence through Oswestry, Welshpool, and via the Upper Severn Valley route to Machynlleth, and on to the coast, or passengers may cross from Liverpool to Birkenhead and travel by G.W.R. the whole way, through trains running daily from Birkenhead (Woodside) to Dolgelley, Barmouth, Pwllheli, and Aberystwyth. To those tourists visiting Great Britain who are now turning their thoughts to the question " Where shall we spend the holiday," we would this year advise the shores of Cardigan Bay, for the resorts on this beautiful coast offer advantages which are not to be found elsewhere. A few minutes after leaving Oswestry the train crosses the border of England and Wales. At Llanymynech, six miles from Oswestry, a small branch line runs up to Llanyfyllin Station, from whence a coach trip should be taken, a distance of about twelve miles, to Lake Vrynwy (Liverpool Corporation Water Supply). The lake is five miles long and 825 feet above the sea level. Excellent fishing can be obtained in the lake, and the Lake Vrynwy Hotel is available for the convenience of visitors. The G.W.R. route from Liverpool to London is the only one passing through North Wales. The way lies through the " Marches," which were the scene of incessant fighting, not only between Welsh and English, but between rival Welsh princes. Almost every inch of the borderland has a long and tragic history of fierce battles and bitter struggles for supremacy. Among border towns Shrewsbury and Chester stand supreme in beauty and historic interest. Either is a convenient " gateway " for exploring Wales. Chester, an old Roman station and powerful mediaeval city, teems with relics of its long history. Its venerable walls are the most perfect in Great Britain. The " Rows "—quaint gabled houses with arcades— are particularly interesting. King Charles I witnessed the defeat of his army at Rowton Moor from the walls of Phcenix Tower. God's Providence House, Bishop Lloyd's Palace, the Town Hall, and the Roman Baths are also of great interest. St. George s Chapel, Windsor. ( 109 ) Aberystwyth. ( no ) Great Western Railway Llangollen—View from Dee-side Walk, Shrewsbury, almost encircled by the River Severn, is another old world town of narrow streets and timber built dwellings. The ruins of an old Benedictine Abbey, a once strongly fortified castle, and the quaint substantial market place prove the town's importance in the Middle Ages. The Roman city of " Uniconium," and the scene of the great fifteenth century battle of Shrewsbury described in Shakespeare's King Henry IV, lie just outside the town. From these two centres it is possible to explore the whole of Cardigan Bay, and the mountainous region of North Wales. The Pass of Aberglaslyn, with forests of pine and silver birch watered by a rushing, brawling stream, is a veritable fairyland. Within an hour's journey, the bleak mountains of Llanberis conjure up visions of a thousand wild and desperate fights. Many pleasant towns lie scattered round Cardigan Bay. Barmouth, with its magnificent panorama of the estuary ringed by mountains, is amazingly lovely. Criccieth and Harlech are dominated by their castles. Aberystwyth is the centre for the " Devil's Bridge " and other famous beauty spots. Berwen, the scene of Allen Raine's novel, " By Berwen Banks," is the centre for many charming excursions to the Horse Shoe Falls, and the swiftly flowing River Dee, the scene of the poem, '* The Sands of Dee." Portmadoc is a splendid centre for exploring Snowdonia, the beautiful countryside surrounding Wales's highest mountain. Beddgelert, the scene of the legend of Gelert, the faithful hound, lies close to the foot of Snowdon. Cader Idris, the second highest peak in Wales, is reached from Barmouth or Dolgelley, and the view from the summit fully repays the exertion of climbing. The fathomless lake of Bala, Trawsfynydd with its Roman remains, the Vale of Llangollen, the precipice walk at Dolgelley, and the magnificent waterfalls at Tynygroes are favourite resorts for tourists. South Wales. South Wales is a land of silvery rivers, picturesque valleys, and hills mantled with flaming orange gorse and. intensely purple heather, sweeping down to the golden sands where gleaming white sea gulls wheel and glide overhead, discordantly voicing their disapproval of the laughter of happy bathers. The joyous landscape, swept by the ozone laden breezes of the ocean, provides a fascinating contrast to the often tragic history of the venerable castles and churches, the dark tales of smugglers, and the eerie legends related by the country folk. ( "i ) The Historic and Scenic Line The southern portion of the country of Pembrokeshire is known as " Little England beyond Wales," owing to the fact that it is mainly peopled by the descendants of a colony of Flemings settled there by Henry I in the twelfth century, who to this day preserve their characteristics and speak the English language adopted by their forefathers, having little or no knowledge of Welsh. In north Pembrokeshire lies the village city of St. Davids, and its cathedral, the shrine of the Patron Saint of Wales. St. David's is within easy reach of Fishguard, the port for the short sea route to Ireland, where the G.W.R. have a hotel nestling on a pine clad hill overlooking the sea. The two great ports on the south coast of Wales, Cardiff and Swansea, set in the heart of glorious scenery, combine an intensely interesting history with the progress and luxury which follow in the train of industrial development. On the site of Cardiff Castle, the remains of a massive Roman wall and gateway have been found, which had been used as the foundation of an earthwork fortification of a later period. The Castle has been completely restored in the mediaeval style, and the only remaining portion of the Norman castle is the ruined keep built by Robert, Earl of Gloucester. The interior is richly decorated and well worth a visit. The recorded history of Swansea does not commence until the tenth century, when the Danish leader Sweyn conquered the district and founded " Sweynseie." From that day until the seventeenth century followed a wild and stormy history of siege, war, oppression, and pillage. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw the foundation of Swansea's commercial wealth, which has been fostered and consolidated by the extensive dock-building carried out during the last two centuries. Two of the loveliest rivers in Great Britain flow through South Wales—the Wye and the Usk. The former passes through such ancient towns as Rhayader, Builth Wells, and Hereford in its upper reaches. The scenery below Hereford changes from mountains to the beauty of softly-rounded, luxuriantly wooded hills, and flower-decked valleys. Passing through the world- famed loveliness of Symond's Yat, it flows by the ancient town of Monmouth; the exquisite ruins of Tintern Abbey, and the remains of Chepstow Castle, perched on a cliff high above the river. The Usk flows past Abergavenny and Caerleon, where excavations of Roman remains are still being carried out. ?*% S.S. ' St. Patrick.' ( 112 ) Cheshire Lines Railway Cheshire Lines Railway HPHE Cheshire Lines offer unique facuities to visitors to * England, landing at Liverpool, to reach all points of commercial and picturesque interest on their own system and those of the London and North Eastern Railway and London Midland and Scottish Railway. LIVERPOOL. The second port of the British Isles and the. " Gateway to the West " is the usual designation of Liverpool. It is certainly not a manufacturing place, but it has been termed the Mecca of the agent. It is one of the world's finest ports and a very fine city. The ferry service across the river Mersey to Birkenhead, Seacombe, and New Brighton is a source of interest and pleasure to visitors. The Mersey Tunnel Electric Railway has made rapid progress these last few years, and provides excellent facilities for visiting the Wirral District 'twixt Mersey and Dee. The following short notes of the various points of interest served by the Cheshire Lines will, no doubt, be useful to the reader. Southport ranks as one of the prettiest resorts in England, and in Lord Street possesses one of the finest thoroughfares in Europe. The Cheshire Lines station is at the western end of this broad highway, fringed with noble trees, and, during the season, is one of the busiest in Lancashire. Southport is situated on the Lancashire coast, at the edge of a plain extending from Preston to Liverpool and enjoys a remarkably healthy climate. Warrington, being mentioned in the Doomsday Book as Walintine, brings one back to very ancient English history; whilst only 150 years ago the first regular stage coach ran from London to Liverpool through the town. It is the seat of varied industries, notably iron and steel works, and all over the civilized world it is known for its wire-drawing mills. Stockport has a very ancient history, and was an important town in the old Roman days. In the fifteenth century Stockport was one of the most important towns in the North of England. It is built irregularly, and very precipitous in some places. The bridge over the river connects Lancashire with Cheshire. Manchester is one of the most important towns in the British Isles, and is the centre of one of the staple industries of Great Britain—the cotton tra.de. It is symbolic of this Ruskin Rooms, Knutsford. ( 113 ) Oakmere—Delamere Station. industry, and its buildings reflect in no small measure the solidity of this vast trade. True, Manchester has manufacturers other than cotton millers, and it is really one of the greatest manufacturing centres in the world. Since the opening of the Ship Canal in the year 1894 it has become a rapidly increasing and prosperous port. Knutsford, a quaint little town within easy reach of Manchester, occupies a position practically unique. Its buildings, of such varied ages and of all degrees of importance, mirror the natural and tranquil growth through the quiet generations of a prosperous country town. Delamere station is the highest point on the Cheshire Lines, whilst Eddisbury Hill, close to, is the highest point in Cheshire, from which a glorious view of the Forest (8,000 acres) and surrounding country can be obtained. Chester is a city abounding with historical associations and interests. The fame of its Walls, its Rows, and its Cathedral is world-wide. The charm of Chester is found in the fact that the whole of the City within the Walls is built over and upon the remains of another city in which for centuries the Roman legions lived and died. The Rows are a remarkable feature of Chester architecture and are, it is believed, unique. The special characteristic of the Chester Rows is not the piazzas, which are common enough in Continental cities, but the rows of shops one over the other. The Cathedral has associations which carry us back more than a thousand years. This lengthy period is marked by the many different periods of architecture in the group of buildings. The Cheshire Lines serve the Delamere Forest and the Vale Royal of Cheshire, Liverpool, New Brighton, Manchester, Southport, and Chester, and cheap tickets are issued to all points during the holiday season. Through tickets are also issued during the season from Manchester and other points to Llandudno, Beaumaris, Bangor, and Menai Bridge. Passengers for these and other places on the North Wales coast travel by fast express trains to Liverpool and then by the splendid saloon steamers of tbe Liverpool and North Wales Steamship Company. Through tickets are also issued to the Isle of Man, and passengers can book to Douglas. Ramsey, and other parts of the island via Liverpool, going forward from that point by the palatial steamers of the Isle of Man Steamship Company. ( "4 ) Cheshire Lines Railway Isle of Man Railway The route to Ireland via Liverpool is a very popular one, and passengers can be booked to Dublin, Cork, Killarney, Limerick, Galway, Sligo, Londonderry, Giant's Causeway, Belfast, and all parts of Ireland. The journey from Liverpool is made by the fast steamers of the British and Irish Steam- packet Company. Tourist Tickets are issued to all principal Holiday Resorts from May to October inclusive. Full particulars of through arrangements can be obtained on application at the Railway Stations or from— A. P. ROSS, Manager and Engineer, Central Station, Liverpool. ■ ® W> 3B PUNCTUAL SERVICE OF EXPRESS TRAINS Between LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER in 45 minutes, . as under: (Central Station) (Central Station". LIVERPOOL (C) dep. Warrington „ „ M'CHESTER „ arr. LIVERPOOL (C) dep. Warrington „ „ M'CHESTER „ arr. LIVERPOOL(C) dep. Warrington „ „ M'CHESTER „ arr. LIVERPOOL (C) dep. Warrington „ „ M'CHESTER „ arr. a.m. 5 5 5 36 6 40 a.m. 6 25 7 20 8 3 7 48 8 23 a.m. SX 10 30 11 30 10 55 11 55 11 15 12 15 S.O. 11 35 12 8 12 46 a.m. a.m. 8 30 9 30 8 55 9 55 9 15 10 15 p.m. p.m. 2 30 3 30 3 55 3 10 4 15 p.m. 7 20 7 52 8 20 p.m. 4 30 4 55 5 15 p.m. 12 30 12 55 1 15 p.m. 5 20 5 50 6 10 S.O. 1 25 1 55 2 15 p.m. p.m. 8 30 9 30 8 55 9 55 9 15 10 15 p.m. 2 0 2 25 2 45 p.m. 6 30 6 55 7 15 p.m. 10 45 11 27 11 52 M'CHESTER (C) dep. Warrington „ „ LIVERPOOL „ arr. M'CHESTER (C) dep. Warrington „ „ LIVERPOOL „ arr. M'CHESTER (C) dep. Warrington „ „ LIVERPOOL „ arr. M'CHESTER (C) dep. Warrington „ „ LIVERPOOL „ arr. a.m. a.m. 7 10 8 30 7 50 ... 8 50 8 35 9 18 a.m. p.m. 11 30 ... 12 30 11 50 ... 12 50 12 15 1 15 p.m. p.m. 3 30 4 30 3 50 4 50 4 15 5 15 p.m. p.m. 8 0 8 30 8 20 8 50 8 53 9 22 a.m. a.m. a.m. 9 30 10 7 10 30 9 50 10 50 10 20 10 47 11 20 p.m. p m. S.O, 1 30 2 15 2 30 1 50 2 35 2 50 2 15 3 0 3 15 p.m. p.m. 5 30 6 30 5 53 6 50 6 20 7 20 p.m. p.m. 9 30 10 20 9 50 10 52 10 15 11 32 SX—Saturdays excepted. S.O.—Saturdays only. For full Weekday Service .and particulars of Sunday Trains, see Time Tables. ( H5 ) ~T^HE Isle of Man Railway Company provides good travelling * facilities for visiting the principal places of interest in the Island, amongst which the following may be mentioned : Port Erin.—The Gem of the Island, with its pretty bay and bold headland of Bradda. Close to it is the quaint old village of Creg Neish, from which can be viewed the Calf of Man Island. Farther on you come to the Chasms—huge fissures in the precipitous rock-bound coast. A walk from Fort Erin, passing these places and continued on to Port St. Mary, a charming little seaport and favourite resort of tourists, well repays anyone. Port Erin From Golf Links. Castletown.—The former capital of the Island, with its ancient Castle Rush en and Fortress, recently visited by their Majesties King George and Queen Mary. The clock in the South Tower was presented by Queen Elizabeth in 1597. King William's College is close at hand. Peel.—At Peel is to be seen the renowned Castle and Cathedral of " Sodor and Man," now in ruins, but glorious in decay. Their Majesties the late King Edward and Queen Alexandra visited and lunched amongst the ruins of this castle in Aug., 1902. St. John's.—For famous Tynwald Hill. Close at hand are to be found Glen Helen and Glen Maye, both delightful. Ramsey. —The most northern town in the Island is charmingly situated. Mountains, glens, rivers, boating and bathing, all contribute to make it a place of resort for a pleasant and enjoyable holiday. Peel. Sulby Glen.—Described as the Manx Switzerland. Here anglers are sure to find trout in abundance. Here are also the beautiful glens and waterfall of Tholt y Will " and " Alt. ( n6 ) — * Great Southern Railways Great Southern Railways TOURING IN IRELAND Via the Great Southern Railways. A VISIT TO THE SUNNY SOUTH. ^^R. S. C. HALL, in his well-known book of travel through * * Ireland, declares: " Language utterly fails to convey even a limited idea of the exceeding beauty " of the district, " which merits to the full the enthusiastic praise that has been lavished upon it by every traveller by whom it has been visited. Black and savage rocks embosom, as it were, a scene of surpassing loveliness, endowed by Nature with the richest gifts of wood and water ; for the trees are graceful in form, luxuriant in foliage, and varied in character, and the rippling stream, the strong river, and the foaming cataract are supplied from a thousand nils collected in the mountains. The Artist cannot do it justice, and the pen must be laid aside in despair." ' What," says Thackeray, " sends picturesque tourists to Switzerland and the Rhine ? Here is a country of the magnificence of which no pen can give an idea." Similarly, the Poet Laureate on a recent visit gives expression to his feelings in the following descriptive terms : " Such varied and vigorous vegetation I have not seen elsewhere ; and when one has said that, one has gone far towards awarding the prize for natural beauty. But vegetation, at once robust and graceful, is but the fringe and decoration of that enchanting district. The tender grace of wood and water is set in a framework of hills—now stern, now ineffably gentle, Meeting of the Waters, Killarney. now dimpling with smiles ; now frowning and rugged with impending storm ; now muffled and mysterious with mist, only to gaze out on you again with clear and candid sunshine. Here the trout leaps ; there the eagle soars ; and there beyond the wild deer dash through the arbutus coverts, through which they have come to the margin of the lake to drink, and, scared by your footsteps or your oar, are away back to crosiered bracken or heather-covered moorland. But the first, the final, the deepest and most enduring impression of Killarney is that of beauty unspeakably tender which puts on at times a garb of grandeur and a look of awe only in order to heighten by passing contrast the sense of soft insinuating loveliness. How the missel-thrushes sing, as well they may; how the streams ( ii7 ) and runnels gurgle and leap and laugh ! For the sound of journeying water is never out of your ears ; the feeling of the moist, the fresh, the vernal, is never out of your heart. My companion agreed with me that there is nothing in England or Scotland as beautiful as Killarney—-meaning by Killarney its lakes, its streams, its hills, its vegetation ; and if mountain, wood, and water—harmoniously blent—constitute the most perfect and adequate loveliness that nature presents, it surely must be owned that it has all the world over no superior." I Blarney Castle, Co. Cork. PARKNASILLA-ON-SEA.—Situated on the Altlantic seaboard, Parknasilla is linked up with Killarney, Kenmare, Glengarriff, Bantry, etc., by a splendid Motor Service which conveys the tourist through charmingly picturesque districts. One's first impression of Parknasilla is a garden of the tropics dropped upon the Atlantic seaboard, a languorous Garden of Eden nodding and drowsy with palms and exotics—and with the beautiful hotel grounds equalled only perhaps in the world by the famous hotel at the Golden Gates of 'Frisco. GLENGARRIFF.—In a fair spot above the waters of the Bay of Bantry, Glengarriff, as a health resort, vies with its charming rival, Parknasilla. Its climate, too, is softened by Glengarriff Harbour, Co. Cork. ( H8 ) Great Southern Railways Great Northern Railway (Ireland) its nearness to the Gulf Stream, and yew and arbutus, as well as tropical cryptogamia and Alpine plants overgrow every available spot along the sides of the rough defile. Apart from the beauty of the situation and the mildness of its climate Glengarriff possesses splendid facilities for sea bathing and boating. Recent Press Opinions of the Parknasilla District. " Scenes that throw every sentimental or impressionable visitor into rhapsodies of delight."-—Daily Telegraph. " Parknasilla is a place from which Nature seems to have withheld very few of her most beautiful gifts."—The Times. " As for Parknasilla itself, words cannot picture a place so fair."—Morning Post. There are first-class hotels under the management of the Railway Company at Parknasilla, Caragh Lake, Kenmare, and Killarney, also a second-class hotel at Killarney, where accommodation may be had at reasonable terms. There are also excellent hotels at Glengarriff. COME to the GLORIOUS WESTERN LANDS of MOUNTAIN, LOUGH, and STREAM. Of all parts of Eire, the West assuredly possesses a peculiar attraction and charm for those who wander a little from the beaten tracks in search of new impressions and a healthful contact with Nature in some of her noblest manifestations. CROAGH PATRICK, WESTPORT. No longer "wild " except for the majestic boldness of its scenery, this romantic district has been opened up in recent years to all the amenities of modern travelling. First Class Hotels, under the direct management of the Railway Company, are situated at Galway and Mallarany. Full particulars of travel arrangements in force, and descriptive booklets will be furnished on application to Commercial Manager, Kingsbridge Station, Dublin. "THE Great Northern Railway (Ireland) gives direct connection with the whole of the County Donegal, and reaches the best centres in the North and North-West of Ireland for GOLFING, FLY-FISHING, MOTORING, BOATING.etc. Rosapena, Portsalon, etc. (Donegal Highlands).—The direct route, for the Donegal Highlands is via Strabane, Raphoe, and Letterkenny. Rosapena and Portsalon.—Famous health and pleasure resorts. At both places there are first-class hotels. Golf (eighteen-hole courses). Burtonport, Gweedore, Dungloe, and Carrick.—Well- known angling resorts. Bundoran (on the Atlantic coast).—Warmed by the Gulf Stream; the finest health resort in the North of Ireland. Within easy reach are Lough Melvin and the Rivers Erne and Bundrowes ; famed for salmon and trout fishing. Four hours from Belfast or Dublin by through express trains. The Great Northern Hotel, Bundoran (Co. Donegal). The Great Northern Hotel is situated in its own grounds of 110 acres, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. Splendid eighteen- hole golf course in the grounds of the hotel. Rostrevor.—A delightful old-world beauty spot at the foot of the southern spur of the Mourne Mountain Range. Kingsbridge Terminus, Dublin. M. F. KEOGH, General Manager. The ureat Northern Hotel, Rostrevor (Co. Down) Warrenpoint—One of the most popular seaside resorts in the country. It is situated in the far-famed district of the Mourne Mountains ; unexcelled for scenic attraction, and the climate is healthy and bracing. For Time-tables, Tourist Programmes, etc., apply to the Traffic Manager, Great Victoria Street, Belfast; or District Superintendent, Amiens Street Station, Dublin. Dublin, 1927. J. B. STEPHENS, General Manager. 119 ) I20 ; Belfast and County Down Railway London Concert Halls, Theatres, etc. TOURIST DISTRICT. To Tourists, Golfers, Antiquarians, and Health Seekers. The District served by the Belfast and County Down Railway comprises— Portaferry and Strangford Lough, Ardglass and Killougb, Bangor and Donaghadee, Ballynahinch and its Spas, Newcastle, Castlewellan, Bryansford, Rostrevor, and the justly celebrated Mourne Mountains. SB; SB SB Direct Route to Newcastle, Co. Down, " The Queen of Irish Watering-Places," is from Queen's Quay Station. Belfast. Punctual and, Expeditious Train Service. Immediately adjoining Newcastle Station is the " Slieve Donard Hotel," owned and managed by the Railway Company. Tariff on application to the Hotel Manager. 05 SB ' as For the Golfer. The famous Links of the Royal County Down Golf Club, at Newcastle, Co. Down, are admittedly the finest in Ireland. Golf Links have also been provided at— CHIEF CONCERT HALLS. Bangor, Craigayad, Carnalea, Saintfield, Ballynahinch, Ardglass, Holywood, Knock. Donaghadee, Helen's Bay, Newtownards, For the Antiquarian. Downpatrick, the Burial Place of St. Patrick, St. Brigit, and St. ColumbMlle. The Ancient Castles and Abbeys of Strangford Lough. The Castles, Cromlechs, Stone Circle, and Stone Dwellings in the Ardglass District. The Donjon and Keep of the Ancient Castle of Dundrum (Co. Down). The Abbeys of Inch, Bangor, Greyabbey, Movilla, and Loughinisl and. SB SB" SB Through Bookings to Newcastle, Ardglass, Downpatrick, Donaghadee, Newtownards, and Bangor, from the principal English stations. 88 SB SB The Revised Edition of Official Guide to County Down and the Mourne Mountains may be had on application to the undersigned. Copies 1/6 each, post free. WILLIAM F. MINNIS, General Manager. Queen's Quay Terminus, Belfast. ( 12! ) /Eolian Hall ... Central Hall ... Kingsway Hall Philharmonic Hall Queen's Hall ... Royal Albert Hall Steinway Hall... Wigmore Hall Adeiphi Aldwyeh Ambassadors' ... Apollo Barnes Carlton... Comedy Court Covent Garden... Criterion Daly's Drury Lane Duke of York's Everyman Fortune Theatre Gaiety Garriek Globe Haymarket His Majesty's ... Kingsway Little Lyceum Lyric Opera House Lyric New Old Vic. Playhouse Prince of Wales's Prince's Queen's Royalty St. James's St. Martin's Savoy Scala Shaftesbury Strand Vaudeville Winter Garden Theatre Wyndham's ... New Bond Street Westminster, S.W.i ... Kingsway, W.C.2 Great Portland Street Langham Place, W. Kensington Gore, W. Lower Seymour Street Wigmore Street THEATRES. Strand, W.C.2 Aldwyeh, W.C.2 Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C.2 ... Shaftesbury Avenue, W. i Opposite Ranelagh, S.W. 13 Haymarket, S.W.i Panton Street, Haymarket, S.W.i Sloane Square, S.W.i ... Bow Street, W.C.2 Piccadilly Circus, W.i ... Cranbourn Street, W.C.2 ... Catherine Street, W.C.2 ... St. Martin's Lane, W.C.2 ...Hampstead, N.W.3 facing Drury Lane Theatre, W.C.2 ... ... Strand, W.C.2 Charing Cross Road, W.C.2 ... Shaftesbury Avenue, W. 1 ... Haymarket, S.W.i Haymarket, S.W.i Great Queen Street, W.C.2 John Street, Adeiphi, Strand, W.C.2 Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.2 Hammersmith, W.6 28 Shaftesbury Avenue, W.i ... St. Martin's Lane, W.C.2 Waterloo Road, S.E. 1 .. Northumberland Avenue, Charing Cross, W.C.2 ... Coventry Street, Piccadilly, W. 1 Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C.2 ... Shaftesbury Avenue, W. 1 73 Dean Street, Soho, W.i ... King Street, S.W.i West Street, Cambridge Circus, W.C.2 Strand, W.C.2 Charlotte Street, W.i ... Shaftesbury Avenue, W. 1 Aldwyeh, W.C.2 Strand, W.C.2 ...Drury Lane, W.C.2 Charing Cross Road, W.C.2 VARIETY THEATRES and MUSIC HALLS. Alhambra Leicester Square, W.C.2 Coliseum St. Martin's Lane, W.C. 2 Hippodrome Cranbourn Street, W.C.2 Holborn Empire High Holborn, W.C. 1 Maskelyne's Mysteries St. George's Hall, Langham Place, W.i Palace Cambridge Circus, W. 1 Palladium Argyll Street, Oxford Circus, W.i Pavilion Piccadilly Circus, W.i C 122 ) J Leading London Cinemas In and Around London Astoria ... Capitol ... New Gallery Marble Arch Pavilion Plaza Rialto Stoll Picture Theatre ... Tlvoii C haring Cross Road, W.C.2 Haymarket, S.W.i Regent Street, W.i ... Marble Arch, W.i Piccadilly, W.i Coventry Street, W.i ... Kingsway, W.C.2 Strand, W.C.2 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC IN LONDON i i i !! ■■ ii \SMktmi tan H Ml0 III I iHll'lll III mBm &U1 ii 1 Canadian Paoific Offices in Trafalgar Square, London, by night. Sir GEORGE McLAREN BROWN, European General Manager. H. G. DRING, Wm. BAIRD, European Passenger Manager. Asst. European Passenger Manager. T. J. SMITH, European Freight Manager. €2*65 Charing Cross (Trafalgar Square), London, S.W.I ( "3 ) PLACES OF INTEREST Alexandra Palace, Usually open daily. Free. By rail from King's Cross, Broad Street, and Moorgate Street Stations. Burnham Beeches. By Gt. Western Railway from Paddington. Crystal Palace, Sydenham. By rail from Victoria and Holborn. Dulwich, College of God's Gift and Picture Gallery. Open 10 a.m. to 4, 5, or 6 p.m., according to season. By rail from Victoria or London Bridge; 'bus, or tram. Greenwich Hospital. Painted Hall open except Friday, 10 a.m. till 4, 5, or 6 p.m., Sundays from 2 p.m. Reached by train from Charing Cross, tram, or motor-'bus. Hampton Court Palaee. State Apartments and Great Hall. Open daily, except on Fridays, »10 a.m. to 5 or 6 p.m., Sundays, from 2 p.m. By rail from Waterloo, tram, or steamboat. Horniman Museum and Library, London Road, Forest Hill. Open 11 a.m. to 5.30 or 6 p.m., except Tuesdays ; Sundays, 2 to 8 p.m. By rail from Victoria or London Bridge, or by 'bus or tram. Kew Gardens. Open daily, 10 a.m. to sunset. Admission Id. (except Tuesdays and Fridays, 6d.). Royal Botanic Society's Gardens, Regent's Park. Open daily, 9 a.m. (Sundays 9.30 a.m.) to sunset. Admission 1/-; Thursdays and Saturdays, 6d. Windsor. State Apartments generally open to public when Court is not in residence, every weekday except Friday, 11 a.m. to 3 or 4 p.m. By rail from Paddington and Waterloo. Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park. Weekdays, 1/- (except Monday, 6d.). Winchester Cathedral Nave, looking East (Southern Railway). ( "4 ) \ Some Important Old Country Events Some Important Old Country Events 1927 Mav June July -Civil Service Sports, Stamford Bridge. Cambridge Yale and Harvard, ATHLETICS. 14—National Road Walking Championship, St. Albans 14—Woolwich v. Sandhurst, Queen's Club. 28—Marathon, Windsor to Stamford Bridge. 11 9—Oxford and Stamford Bridge. 16—•Triangular Match, Stamford Bridge. 16—Inter-County Schools Championships, Stamford Bridge. 30—'International Match, England v. France, Stamford Bridge. CRICKET. May 11-13—M.C.C. v. New Zealand, Lord's. 14-17—Essex v. New Zealand, Leyton. 18-20—Cambridge v. New Zealand, Cambridge. 21-24—Middlesex v. New Zealand, Lord's. June 4-7—Middlesex v. Sussex, Lord's. 18-21—Surrey v. Oxford, Oval. 18-21—Middlesex v. Yorks, Lord's. 22-24—Surrey v. Cambridge, Oval. July 2-5—Yorkshire v. New Zealand, Bradford. 4-6—Oxford v. Cambridge, Lord's. 6-8—Gentlemen v. Players, Oval. 6-8—Notts v. New Zealand, Nottingham. 8-9—Eton v. Harrow, Lord's. 13-15—Gentlemen v. Players, Lord's. 30-Aug. 2—Yorkshire v. Lancashire, Leeds. Aug. 3-5—Surrey v. New Zealand, Oval. 17-19—Lancashire v. New Zealand, Manchester. 24-26—Middlesex v. Kent, Lord's. 27-30—Middlesex v. Surrey, Lord's. GOLF. May 7-12—Open Championship, Bournemouth. 21—England v. Scotland (Amateurs), Hoylake. 23—Ladies' Championship, Newcastle. 23, etc.—Amateur Championship, Hoylake. July 11—Open Golf Championship, St. Andrews. MOTOR RAGING. June 6—Brooklands. 13-17—Motor Cycle Races, Isle of Man. Aug. 1—Brooklands. Sept. 17—Brooklands. POLO. May 17-22—Whitney Cup, Hurlingham. 23-28—Whitney Cup, Hurlingham. June 6-11—Hurlingham v. India, Hurlingham. 6-11—Hurlingham v. California, Hurlingham.. 20-25—Champion Cup, Hurlingham. , 27-July 2—Inter-Regimental Tournament, Hurlingham. 27-July 2—Oxford v. Cambridge, Hurlingham. July 4-9—Empire Cup, Hurlingham. 25-30—Cowdray Week, Hurlingham. HORSE RAGING. May 4—Chester Cup, Chester. 7—Jubilee Handicap, Kempton Park. June 1—Derby Day. 3—The Oaks, Epsom. 10—Manchester Cup, Manchester. 15—Royal Hunt Cup, Ascot. 16—Ascot Gold Cup. July 15—Eclipse Stakes, Sandown Park. 26-29—Goodwood Meeting. 1927 HORSE RACING—(continued). July 26—Stewards' Cup, Goodwood. 28—Goodwood Cup. Aug. 24—Great Ebor Handicap, York. Sept. 7—St. Leger, Doncaster. Oct. 8—Duke of York Handicap, Kempton Park. 12—Cesarewitch, Newmarket. 26—Cambridgeshire, Newmarket. Nov. 26—Manchester Handicap. REGATTAS. June 29-July 2—Henley Regatta. Aug. 2-15—Cowes Regatta. 22-24—Torbay Royal Regatta, Torquay. SHOWS. May 2-Aug. 6—Royal Academy Exhibition. 3—-Terrier Club Show, Olympia. 4-5—Ladies' Kennel Club Show, Olympia. 18-20—Chelsea Flower Show. 18-June 4—Royal Tournament, Olympia. June 9-11—Richmond Horse Show. 10—Polo Pony Show, Hurlingham. 16-25—International Horse Show, Olympia. Aug. 2-5—Dublin Horse Show. Sept. 5-16—Eashions Fair, Olympia. 8-24—Shipping and Engineering Exhibition, Olympia. 28-29—Kennel Club's Championship Show, Crystal Palace. Oct. 14-22—Motor Show, Olympia. 31-Nov. 5—-Cycle and Motor Cycle Show, Olympia. Nov. 4—National Chrysanthemum Society's Show, Horticultural Hall. 9—Lord Mayor's Show, London. 15-17—International Show of Poultry and Pigeons, Crystal Palace. Dec. 5-9—Smithfield Club Cattle Show, Agricultural Hall. TENNIS. May 9-14—Spring Tournament, Phyllis Court. June 13—London Championships, Queen's Club. 20-July 2—Championship Meeting, Wimbledon. July 4—Army and R.A.F. Tournament, Queen's Club. 11-16—Irish Championships. 11-16-—Welsh Championships, Newport. Aug. 29-Sept. 3—Autumn Tournament, Phyllis Court. Sept. 9-14—Roehampton. Oct. 10-15—Covered Court Championships, Queen's Club. GENERAL. June 14-18—Aldershot Tattoo. 18—League of Nations Festival, Crystal Palace. 18—Ascot Ball, Phyllis Court. July 2—Royal Air Force Display, Hendon. 5—Bisley Shooting Meeting. 11-Sept. 10—Shakespeare Summer Festival, Stratford-on- Avon. 12—Grouse Shooting begins. Aug 5-7—Barnet Annual Fair. 24—National Band Festival, Crystal Palace, Sept. Oct. 21—Trafalgar Day ( I21 ) ( 126 ,£DGWAR£ burnt oak )UNCAl£ 1ENOON(CENTRAL> iiimi&fet^ RAILWAYS OF LONDON OVAL STOCKWELL LAPHAM NORTH APHAM COMMON CLAPHAM SOUTH OOTING BROADWAY COLLIERS WOOD SOUTH WIMBLEDON MORDEN. SIGHT-SEEING IN LONDON. *T*HE methods of travelling about London are many. The * various " tube" railways, the District and the Metropolitan railways form a network of lines to all parts and bear the general title of " The Underground." Motor omnibus services operate in every direction in conjunction with the " Underground," also certain tramway systems. The most elaborate tramways system is, however, that of the London County Council. By these three transportation organizations there are facilities for reaching every conceivable place of interest in and around London. For those who prefer a more exclusive method of travel, there -is no lack of motor taxi-cabs, whose drivers possess a ( 127 ) most remarkable knowledge of the great city and its suburbs. Private cars can, of course, be hired by the hour, day, or week, and a more recent development in the nature of public conveyance during the summer months is the motor char-a- bancs. By the latter, half-day or whole-day trips can be made in and around London. River trips can be made on the Thames from Westminster to Kew, Hampton Court, etc. The number of " sights" to be seen in London is really only limited by the length of the visit, while the Canadian Pacific office in Trafalgar Square is a very convenient centre from which to start a sight-seeing trip in any direction. ( 128 ) Canadian Pacific Express Co. operates exclusively over the entire system of the CANADIAN PACIFIC AND ITS CONNECTIONS and is The quickest and best method of forwarding Samples, Parcels, Merchandise, Valuables, and Live Stock to or from Canada, Central and Western United States and Europe. Mark your packages "Via CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPRESS," and send them to any of the Agencies shown on next page. For safety of funds, Canadian Pacific Express Travellers' Cheques, Foreign Cheques, and Money Orders should always be used. Money transferred by Cable. Full particulars on application to any of the Agencies shown on next page, or to any Canadian Pacific Office in Canada or United States. Canadian Pacific Express Co. CHIEF EUROPEAN OFFICES AND AGENCIES: Sir GEO. McLAREN BROWN, European General Manager. EUROPEAN HEAD OFFICE: 62-65 Charing Cross, Trafalgar Square, LONDON, S.W.I Telegraphic Address : " DOMEXCOM." Telephone: REGENT 5103 (6 lines). W. S. STOUT, President. T. E. McDONNELL, Vice-President & General Manager, Canadian Pacific Express Co., Toronto. Antwerp ... Basle Belfast ... Birmingham Bristol Brussels ... Como Copenhagen Dundee Genoa Glasgow ... Grenoble Hamburg Havre La Chaux de Fo Berlin Liverpool... London Lyons Manchester Milan Mulhouse Oslo Paris Rome Rotterdam Roubaix ... St. Etienne St. Gall Sheffield... Southampto: Strasbourg Turin Zurich 25 Quai Jordaens ... 45 Rue St. Elizabeth 41 Victoria Street 4 Victoria Square 18 St. Augustine's Parade ... 98 Boulevard Adolphe Max Via Cinque Giornate 22 47 Raadhusplads ... 88 Commercial Street 1 Piazza dei Greci 25 Bothwell Street Rue de Palais and 7 Rue Genissien 1 Chile Haus ... 2 Rue Pleuvry Rue Leopole Robert 76 Unter den Linden 39 Royal Liver Building, Pier Head ... 62/65 Charing Cross, S.W.I ]03 Leadenhall Street, E.C.3 31 Rue de l'Hotel de Ville 31 Mosley Street 34 Via Principe Umberto 13 Rue Huguenin Jernbanetorvet 4 7 Rue Scribe 25/6 Piazza S. Nicola de Tolentino Coolsingel 91 61 Rue de la Gare 8 Rue du Treuil and 25 Rue de la Bourse ... 18 Poststrasse 43 The Wicker ladian Pacific Building, Canute Road .... ]6 Rue du 22 Novembre 10 Piazza Statu to 12 Frcigutstrasse The Law Courts, London. ( iv ) St. Paul's Cathedral, London. ( V ) ;3£=3E=^g==@=^^g==3E==^ Wl ay w iSJ Wl m w 1 Canadian Pacific Chateau Frontenac Hotel, Quebec w £& wi © THE JOYS OF TRAVEL can only be experienced when the booking arrangements are simple and through connections assured. The Canadian Pacific is the one line operating its own Steamship, Railway, and Hotel Services between Europe, Canada, and the Far East, thus making travel free from worry and giving a high standard of service all the way. oNADlANiiEAClEi STEAMSHIPS - HOTELS- greatest) ^highway/ -RAILWAYS - EXPRESS iSJ I Is March, 1927. j EUROPE : CANADA, U.S.A. JAPAN, CHINA NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA &=&=*=^^=s&=® :«B=aS=3^^!^^ 3^^ J Printed in England.
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Guidebooks
Great Britain
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
England : Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Box 230
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-230-27-5
The old country : Canadian Pacific guide to Great Britain
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