CONTENTdm
Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Railroads--Canada
Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Annotated guide to stops along the Canadian Pacific Railway Western Lines, heading east.
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Save the Forests! Canada's timber reserves are national assets of incalculable value. To neglect to take ordinary precautions which ensure them against destruction from forest fires is to rob civilization. Quite apart from the danger to the lives, homes and property of settlers, every acre of forest burned means labor turned away, reduced markets for manufactured products, heavier taxation on other property, and higher lumber prices. Passengers on trains should not throw lighted cigar or cigarette ends from car windows. Those who go into the woods—hunters, fishermen, campers and canoeists—should consider it their duty to exercise every care to prevent loss from fire. YE 2 Across Canada An Annotated Guide to the Country served by the Canadian Pacific Railway and its Allied Interests EASTERN LINES First Issued in 1887 This Edition Revised to 1925 Canadian Pacific Railway MONTREAL PRINTED IN CANADA Across Canada by Canadian Pacific THE Canadian Pacific Railway is the world's greatest transportation system. With a total length, including lines owned and controlled, of over 20,100 miles, it serves all the important industrial, commercial and agricultural sections of Canada, as well as many parts of the United States. Practically every large city of Canada is on its system. It reaches famous historic spots, wonderful vacation and sporting resorts, and some of the most magnificent scenery in the world. Its steamship services reach out across the Atlantic to Europe, and across the Pacific to the Orient. Its telegraph system extends along the entire length of the railway and reaches as well every point of importance in Canada away from it. Its thirteen fine hotels set the standard for hotel accommodation in Canada. Its express system (the Dominion Express Company) has a world-wide service. Its land-settlement policy, coupled with the large areas of fertile agricultural land that it still has for sale in the west, is helping to accomplish the development of a richer and bigger Canada. I § This "Annotated Guide" is a description of the Canadian Pacific system and of those systems allied or associated with it. While principally dealing with the various cities and resorts from the viewpoint of the pleasure-traveller, it also pays some attention to the industrial activities and natural resources of Canada: and while the latter information is not—because of the nature of this publication—of an exhaustive character, yet it is hoped that it will be stimulative as indicating the potentialities of this great Dominion. "Across Canada" is in most cases written as though the reader were travelling westward, but it can be used equally as easily in the reverse direction. At the head of nearly every page, in italic type (like this) is a list of stations and a general description of that section of the country; one has but to turn to the later pages, and to read the station names upwards instead of downwards, to trace the journey eastward instead of westward. Below this general description is a more detailed story of the important cities, towns, or sights that are embraced within that section —set in roman type, like this. The story of the main line is begun from both Montreal and Toronto, with branch lines interposed at the appropriate places. Secondary main lines, and branches not linked with the main line, are arranged roughly by provinces and as radiating from the principal cities concerned. JtiiiiiiiiiiiDUNiiiiiiiiniiHiimmniiiiiimiiir "Across Canada"—which is also called "The Annotated Time Table"—is issued in two parts, Eastern Lines and Western Lines. Copies can be obtained from porters on transcontinental trains, Canadian Pacific passenger agents, or from the General Publicity Department, Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal. Table of Contents / MAIN LINE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST \ Page Montreal to Sudbury. § 4 Iforonto to Sudbury | 14 Great Lakes Steamship Route 65 Sudbury to Fort William 20 Fort William to Winnipeg 24 OTHER THROUGH LINES Montreal to St. John and Halifax 26 Montreal to Toronto (and branches) 49 Toronto to Windsor (and branches) 61 Montreal and Toronto to Sault Ste. Marie 66 NOVA SCOTIA Halifax to Yarmouth 36 NEW BRUNSWICK St. John to Halifax. 33 West St. John to St. Stephen 30 McAdam to Fredericton, St. Andrews and Edmundston 28-29 QUEBEC Montreal to Quebec (and branches) 40 Montreal to Sherbrooke and Megantic 26 Quebec to Sherbrooke 43 Montreal to Mont Laurier, Ottawa (via North Shore), etc 45-46 Branches from Ottawa 48 Mattawa to Angliers 11 ONTARIO Toronto to Hamilton and Niagara Falls.. 55 Toronto to Wingham, Owen Sound, Goderich and Bobcaygeon. .57-60 Toronto to Ottawa 60 Renfrew to Kingston 10 TO THE UNITED STATES Montreal to New York, Boston and Portland 44 Montreal and Toronto to Chicago 64 Toronto to Buffalo and New York 55 Montreal and Toronto to St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth 68 MAPS Page Montreal to Sudbury 9 Toronto to Sudbury and Winnipeg 19 Montreal to Quebec and McAdam 39 McAdam to St. John and Halifax 31 Montreal to Toronto and Detroit 51 Index to principal stations 71 Distances by Canadian Pacific 70 Across Canada Dominion Square and Windsor Station, Montreal Montreal Montreal is the chief city and commercial metropolis of Canada and the gateway to most of the Province of Quebec. It stands on an island formed by the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, on the site of the ancient Indian village of Hochelaga; and not only enjoys the distinction of being a great ocean port nearly a thousand miles inland, but in point of foreign commerce is the second port of North America. The city is 150 miles above salt water, but the broad St. Lawrence forms a highway upon which ocean-going steamers ascend. The city has a far-reaching trade and great manufacturing establishments, with many miles of fine concrete wharves, vast warehouses, huge grain elevators with a total capacity of over ten million bushels, and a large floating dry-dock. Mount Royal Prominent from every part of Montreal is Mount Royal, a large and beautiful public park. From the Look-out a wonderful panoramic view can be obtained of the city and river. Nestling in the shelter of the mountain is McGill University, one of the most famous educational institutions of this continent. A sister university, the Universite de Montreal, ministers to the French-speaking population. Montreal has many fine public buildings, and numerous churches, convents and hospitals. Notre Dame is perhaps the largest Catholic church of America, for it can easily accommodate ten thousand worshippers and has been known to have housed fifteen thousand. Montreal is the largest bi-lingual city and the fourth largest French-speaking city in the world; over half the population of Greater Montreal (900,000) speak French as their mother tongue. Historic Historically, although it lives so strictly in the present, Montreal Montreal is as interesting as Quebec. The village of Hochelaga was visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535; in 1642 Maisonneuve established a settlement called "Ville Marie." Wars with the Indians and later wars with the English did not interfere with Montreal's growth. In 1760 it was the last stand of the French after Wolfe had defeated Montcalm at Quebec. The section between Notre Dame and the St. Lawrence is full of quaint old buildings and ihstorical memories that go with them. (Continued over page). The correctness of the figures of populations at the different cities and towns mentioned has been checked with the latest information available, but is not guaranteed. ' X ■MmhUW^^& ="»- :' -laf''"' -111' M* \#&20i&£i (Above) The Place Viger Hotel (At side) Notre Dame (Below) In the Angus Shops Montreal Harbor MONTREAL Across Canada Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal Montreal (continued). Chateau de Ramezay Not far from the river-front, near Notre Dame. stands a quaint old rough-cast building known as the Chateau de Ramezay. This was the residence of the French governors, and many a brilliant and historic gathering assembled in its rooms during the old regime. Later in its life it became the property of the Compagnie des Indes, and was the centre of the fur trade; but in 1763 it again housed the Governor, this time British. -Thus it remained more or less for a hundred years, with the interval of 1775-76, when it was the headquarters for the Continental Congress. Here Benjamin Franklin tried to persuade the Canadians to forsake the British flag, and the printing press he brought with him to start a newspaper is still preserved. The building is now used as a museum. The Place Viger The oldest church in Montreal is quite close to the Chateau de Ramezay. This is Notre Dame de Bonsecours, which was particularly the shrine of sailors. In this historic section, too, the Canadian Pacific Hotel, the Place Viger, is situated—one of the city's numerous good hotels. This imposing structure is named in honor of the first mayor of Montreal, and faces the quiet and graceful square of the same name, about a mile and a half from Windsor Street. It is only a few minutes' walk from the business portion of the city and the steamship docks. At the rear of the hotel is the Place Viger Station. The city has beautiful suburbs—Westmount, which runs part way up Mount Royal, Outremont, Notre Dame de Grace, Montreal West and, across the river, St. Lambert and Longueuil. The Canadian Pacific Montreal is the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the greatest transportation system in the world. The company has two stations, Windsor Street, the principal, facing Dominion Square, and the Place Viger. From the former start the transcontinental trains to Western Canada and the Pacific Coast, and important lines to Ontario and the Maritime Provinces; from the latter, trains to Quebec, the Laurentian Mountains, and other points north of the St. Lawrence River. In the east end of the city are the company's Angus Shops, the largest on the continent, with the most modern equipment for locomotive and car building and repairing. They cover an area of 200 acres, with 37 acres of shop floor space and 33 miles of trackage. The number of men employed is 9,500 and a complete passenger and freight train can be turned out every day. The shop capacity for new freight cars is 6,000 per annum. Montreal to Winnipeg (Main line)—Next page. Montreal to St. John and Halifax—Page 26. Montreal to Quebec—Page 38. Montreal to New York, Boston and Portland—Page 44. Montreal to Mont Laurier—Page 45. Montreal to Ottawa via North Shore—Page 46. Montreal to Toronto via Lake Shore—Page 49. Via Peterborough—Page 53. To the Nation's Capital Montreal to Sudbury: 439 miles (For Map, see page 9) Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Montreal Westmount Montreal West Dorval Beaconsfield Ste. Annes Vaudreuil Hudson Rigaud Vankleek Transcontinental trains from Montreal depart from Windsor Station and run through to the Pacific Coast without change. West of Montreal are several charming suburbs, many of them independent municipalities but included in Greater Montreal. Westmount, with a population of 18,500, is the most important of these; its fine residential district on the mountain-side affords a magnificent outlook over the city and the river. Leaving Greater Montreal at Montreal West we continue across the Island of Montreal, passing a succes- Caledonia Springs sion of charming settlements which front on Lake St. Pendleton Louis, an expansion of the River St. Lawrence. Hammond Several of Montreal's finest golf courses may be seen Navan here—courses that in the summer season are extremely Ottawa popular. At Ste. Annes the line leaves the Island of Montreal and crosses the Ottawa River to He Perrot and then to Vaudreuil, a magnificent view of the river being afforded from the railway bridge. Beyond this the river expands into the Lake of Two Mountains, which the railway skirts for several miles and on whose shores are the popular summer resorts of Como, Hudson Heights and Rigaud. Rigaud Mountain is a prominent landmark known as the "Devil's Playground"; in its rocky bareness it is sharply contrasted with the luxuriant vegetation of the surrounding country. On the opposite shore of the lake stands the Trappist monastery of Oka. Five and one-half miles beyond Rigaud the train crosses the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. Running into the Union Station, Ottawa; we catch a glimpse of the Rideau Canal, which connects Ottawa with Lake Ontario at Kingston. |g|j Ste. Anne de Bellevue (or Ste. Annes) lies at the extreme end of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence Rivers. There is a fine steel bridge here, directly under which are'the locks which lift steamers traversing the river over the rapids. Not far from the station is Macdonald College, where courses in practical agriculture, household science and pedagogy are conducted. The college grounds overlook the river and are very beautiful; the numerous buildings with their attractive red-tiled roofs and the well-cultivated fields and experimental plots surrounding them form an imposing picture. A large military hospital is also located here. Students of literature will be interested to learn that it was at Ste. Annes that Moore wrote "The Canadian Boat Song." Vankleek (Population 1,500) is a thriving town with various sawmills and industries depending on the lumber-trade. Caledonia Springs, in the centre of a fine farming district, is widely known because of the medicinal value of its waters, which are now bottled and widely marketed. Branch Line Rigaud to Point Fortune.'a summer resort 7 miles away on the Ottawa . . . River. On the opposite shore is the village of Carillon, in which a mem orial indicates the point where Doilard des Ormeaux and a little band of French-Canadian heroes withstood, in 1660, the attacks of an army of Iroquois—one of the finest episodes in early Canadian history. !iiasL Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Bellevue 8 Across Canada Dominion Parliament Buildings, Ottawa Ottawa The capital of the Dominion of Canada stands at the junction of the Rideau and Ottawa Rivers, its site being characterized by a picturesque grandeur appropriate to its national importance. Ottawa is the residence of the Governor-General, the meeting place of the House of Commons and the Senate, and the headquarters of the Government administrative departments. The Parliament Buildings, the first foundation stone of which was laid in 1860, were partly destroyed by a disastrous fire in 1916, but the reconstructed central building, which has just been completed, is a magnificent pile that fitly replaces it. Rideau Hall, the Governor- General's house, is a charming residence within the city limits and the centre of much of Ottawa's brilliant social life. A Lumber City Amongst the many interesting places that Ottawa has to visit are the Royal Mint, the Victoria Museum, and the Hall of Fame, but by no means less engrossing are the many lumber mills in the Chaudiere district, through which pass the thousands of logs floated down the Gatineau and other tributaries of the Ottawa River. Because of the wonderful water-power furnished by the Chaudiere Falls, which here interrupt the navigation of the Ottawa River, these mills can easily handle all the lumber from its large tributary districts. Beautiful Parks The city stands on high ground, and has a large mileage of well-laid driveways as well as many beautiful parks, of which two of the finest are Major's Hill and Nepean Parks, both overlooking the river. From Major's Hill a beautiful panoramic view of the river, the city of Hull, and the dark blue Laurentian Mountains in the background can be obtained. The population of the city is 120,000, which is, of course, considerably augmented during the legislative seasons. Near Ottawa are many popular summer resorts, including those along the Gatineau River to the north. Hull is across the river from Ottawa, in the province of Quebec. Its population (35,600) is mainly French-Canadian. It is actively engaged in the various industries arising from the lumber trade. Pulp, paper, steel, cement and textile establishments are also located here. Branch Lines Ottawa to Maniwaki—Page 48. Ottawa to Waltham—Page 48. Ottawa to Prescott—Pages 4849. Ottawa to Brockville—Pages 48-49. Ottawa to Toronto—Pages 48-49. II II,. II Indicates Double Track Checked CP.Ry.Feb. 1925 MONTREAL to SUDBURY 10 Across Canada Lumbering in Quebec Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Hull Leaving Hull West Ottawa, the Stittville transcontinen- Ashton tal trains cross. Carleton Place by the Inter- A Imonte pr ovincial Pakenham Bridge io the Arnprior north shore of Braeside the Ottawa Sand Point River and the Renfrew city of Hull, which lies in the Province of Quebec. But from Hull West the line returns to the south shore and, except where the railway swings south to Carleton Place, the route followed is along the beautiful valley of the Ottawa River. This region is well-settled and prosperous, and many fine well-cultivated farming areas are passed. At points where the railway skirts the river, travellers will be interested in the enormous quantities of saw-logs to be seen along the shores, these being held in boom for use in the mills below. The numerous small towns along the river also show signs of lumbering activities, and at many points favorable to the establishment of sawmills due advantage has been taken of the fact. Numerous streams of clear rushing water join the Ottawa; most of these are excellent fishing streams, maskinonge, trout and bass being abundant. Hull—see page 8. Carleton Place (Population 3,900) has railway shops, textiles and other industries. Nearby is Mississippi Lake, a summer resort which offers good fishing. Almonte (Population 3,000) with a large supply of available water-power, has several flourishing industries, including iron works and woollen mills. It is the distributing centre of a prosperous farming community. Pakenham is a small but busy manufacturing centre. Arnprior (Population 4,100), situated at the confluence of the Ottawa and Madawaska Rivers, has one of the largest lumber yards on the continent. Large woollen mills and saw-mills are also located here. Renfrew (Population 5,000) is a thriving town on the Bonnecheer River, eight miles from its junction with the Ottawa. Several flour mills are located here. Deposits of graphite and molybdenite are found in the vicinity. Branch Lines Carleton Place to Smith's Falls (on the Montreal-Toronto line) and Brockville on the St. Lawrence River—Page 48. Renfrew to Egan ville. Branch Line—Renfrew to Kingston From Renfrew a branch runs south to Kingston on the St. Lawrence River, crossing the two Montreal-Toronto lines at Sharbot Lake and at Tichborne. (See pages 50 and 53). Sharbot Lake, one of the most charming lakes in the region, is a well-patronized summer resort. Near Tichborne are Bob's Lake and Crow Lake, tributaries of the Rideau system. This is a very fine fishing country, especially for bass and pickerel (dore). In the Calabogie district and near most of the stations north of Sharbot Lake excellent deer hunting and duck and partridge shooting may also be had. Renfrew Calabogie Sharbot Lake Tichborne . Kingston The Ottawa Valley 11 Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Haley's Cobden Meath Pembroke Petawawa Thistle Chalk River Moorlake Mackey Stonecliff Adelard Deux Rivieres Klock. Mattawa Continuing along the Ottawa Valley, between Renfrew and Pembroke the line runs through some choice farming country. Speeding westward, however, we soon find ourselves in the typical north country—a land of rock, lake and timber. Here and there may be seen clearings of enterprising farmers, but agriculture is no longer one of the main pursuits. The chief industry in this district . is lumbering, and each village has its sawmill or is engaged in shipping pulpwood to the mills. Fishing and hunting may be obtained in abundance, particularly in the neighborhood of Stonecliff, Deux Rivieres and Klock. Petawawa, on the Ottawa River, was the site, during the war, of a large military camp and the training-ground, notably of many crack artillery batteries. Chalk River is the end of the Quebec District of the railway and the beginning of the Algoma District,^phich was formerly known as the uLake Superior Division." Pembroke (Population 8,000) is the chief town of the Ottawa Valley and the centre of a good farming district. Many industrial enterprises operate here, including lumber mills and the various other industries related thereto. Situated on Alumette Lake, an expansion of the Ottawa River, Pembroke is an attractive residential town. A good boat service on the Ottawa River (which is navigable for fifty miles west) affords access to the many summer resorts in this section. Mattawa (meaning "the meeting of the waters") stands at the confluence of the Ottawa and Mattawa Rivers. Formerly an important Hudson's Bay trading post, it is to-day the base of all expeditions into the primitive country of Lake Temiskaming. Near the town are some large deposits of mica. Branch Line—Mattawa to Angliers Mattawa From Mattawa, winding along the bank of the Ottawa Timiskaming River, a branch line runs north towards the new Rouyn Kipawa mining regions. At Timiskaming we encounter the great Ville Marie pulp and paper industry of the north, and an interesting Lorrainville visit can be paid to the large mills established here. The Angliers country around Kipawa is well known to the experienced sportsman, for the "hiding place," as its Indian name signifies, is the centre of an intricate network of lakes and rivers, and the angler need be neither very patient nor very skilful in order to take from the Kipawa district a f e w of i t s abundant pike, pickerel, trout, whitefish and bass. Hunting, too, is very good, especially for moose. Ville Marie, thelargest settlement of the district, is very picturesquely situated on Lake Timiskaming, and is ihe centre of a large trade up and down that waterway. Lorrainville is a prosperous agricultural territory. Angliers, the present terminus of this line, is situated on the rocky shores of Lac des Quinze. Steamer and airplane services connect it in summer with the gold mining districts situated some distance north. Timiskaming—The Paper Mill 12 Across Can ad North Bay Station The Province of Ontario The province of Ontario, through which we travel on our way west continuously for nearly 1,300 miles, covers an area of 407,262 square miles. It is three and one-half times the size of the British Isles and twice the size of France. Its population is three millions. Of all the provinces of Canada, Ontario is one of the most richly endowed with natural beauty. For five-sixths of its southern border, it has a twenty- five-hundred-mile coast line upon four of the Great Lakes—Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario—and upon the St. Lawrence River. It has, furthermore, numerous smaller lake systems and several noble rivers. Lake Nipissing and the Mattawa and French Rivers roughly divide the province into two main geographical divisions—Northern Ontario and Old Ontario. Northern Ontario is mainly a vast region of forests, mineral lands and lakes. Its immense production of minerals, particularly nickel and copper, has already made it world-famous; it is rich in timber, and it possesses a great clay belt containing many million acres of farming land of great promise. Agriculture in this district, however, is still in the pioneer stage. For Old Ontario—see page IS Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Eau Claire In our westward journey from Montreal we have beenfollow- Rutherglen ing, for the most part, the trail of those hardy adventurers Bonfield who first penetrated the northern half of the North American Thorncliffe continent. In 1615—-five years before the Pilgrim Fathers North Bay landed at Plymouth Rock—the heroic French pioneers, led by Samuel Champlain, discovered this route up the St. Lawrence, the Ottawa and the Mattawa Rivers, across Lake Nipissing, and by the French River into Georgian Bay. By this route, too, long before they dared the risk of the upper St. Lawrence, Lake Michigan was discovered and explored, and missionaries were sent out while the English settlers were still trying to obtain a precarious foothold on the Atlantic coast. North Bay is the headquarters of the Algoma District of the railway. A city with a population of some twelve thousand, located on the north shore of Lake Nipissing, it is a centre from which six lines of railway radiate. One of these is the Timiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway, which co-operates with the Canadian Pacific in a through sleeping-car service to the well-known sporting and camping centre, Temagami, and the famous silver and gold mining districts of Cobalt and Porcupine. From a vacation standpoint the great charm of North Bay lies in Lake Nipissing and the beautiful French River. The lake is a magnificent sheet of water, fifty miles long by t\n enty miles wide, plentifully dotted with rocky islands, and connected with the Georgian Bay by the French River, which flows out of its south-western corner. Among the maze of rocks and islands in this region the bass fishing is excellent. In the clear cold lakes in the country immediately north of Lake Nipissing other varieties of game fish are to be found. (For a full description of French River, which is travelled both from its southern and northern ends, see page 18). Branch Lines (T. 4N.0. Ry.) North Bay to Temagami, Cobalt, Haiieybury, New Liskeard. Timmins and Cochrane. Northern Ontario Em k ,*Jr m m .1 .■^JKfcMip ? ' &■ j ;y* wSL f; WuMm^ ■ - <"*"/. v(^1j# Nickel Smelting at Sudbury Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Sturgeon Falls Westward from North Bay, the railway skirts the sandy Cache Bay north shore of Lake Nipissing. For a considerable dis- Verner tance the line runs through the bush country of one of the Warren many Indian reservations scattered throughout the prov- Coniston ince. Westward, again, the character of the country Romford suddenly changes, and the bush land of the reserve gives Sudbury . way to a well-settled prosperous farming district ex tending along the line for over twenty-five miles. Some ten thousand people, most of them French-Canadian, live in this farming community, the land having been taken up nearly half a century ago by settlers from Papineauville who came to Ontario with the railway construction gangs. At Coniston we are in the nickel belt, evidenced by the big smelter which may be seen south of the line, shortly after crossing the tracks of the Canadian National Railways. For some distance before Sudbury is reached, the line winds around bays and thunders through rock- cuts past the winding shores of little Lake Ramsay. Sturgeon Falls takes its name from the falls on the river of the same name. The falls provide the power for the plant of the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company which produces large quantities of newsprint and sulphite annually. Sudbury (Population 9,000) is in the centre of the world's greatest nickel deposits, a source of incalculable wealth. A belt of some thirty miles by sixteen miles is estimated to contain anything up to five hundred million tons of combined nickel and copper. Smelting is carried on a short distance from the city, the process removing the large iron content and producing nickel-copper matte suitable for refining. The nickel content averages 3.09 per cent and the copper content 2.12 per cent. From mines and smelters in this district the International Nickel Company, the Mond Nickel Company and the British American Nickel Corporation ship to their refineries in Canada, in New Jersey, and in South Wales. Sudbury supplies over two-thirds of the world's consumption of nickel. Close by is the immense Moose Mountain Iron Range, which contains one hundred million tons of iron ore. Backed by these tremendous resources, it is not surprising that the streets and buildings of Sudbury are those of a city. Sudbury is also the chief distributing centre of an agricultural region of 300 square miles, lying within two miles of the city, and it serves large lumbering interests in the surrounding district. Branch Lines Romford Junction is the point of connection with the Canadian Pacific main line from Toronto to Sudbury and the west—Page 16. Sudbury to Sault Ste. Marie. St. Paul and Duluth—Page 66. Transcontinental Journey continued on page 20. 14 Across Canada Yonge Street, Toronto Toronto Toronto The transcontinental journey can be commenced at Toronto as well as Montreal, for there is a through Canadian Pacific daily service from here to the Pacific Coast. Toronto (population 634,000) is the capital of Ontario and the second largest city of Canada. Beautifully situated on the shore of Lake Ontario, it is affectionately called the "Queen City" by its citizens. It is the seat of the University of Toronto and of the provincial government. A Manufacturing City Toronto has immense manufacturing establishments, large and small, numbering over three thousand, and some of the largest commercial houses and banks in the Dominion are located here. Its population is largely of English and Scottish extraction or of United Empire Loyalist descent, but the city is distinctively North American in the intensity of its activity and energy. Through its crowded streets throbs a vast hum of commerce. Its educational institutions are well-known; so too is the charm of its residential districts. The city has magnificent harbor accommodation, in addition to which a thousand acres of waste land adjacent to and on the harbor front has been reclaimed and beautified. Electric power for its industries is obtained from Niagara Falls, over eighty miles distant. Toronto is a very important railway centre, with branches radiating in every direction. Toronto Fair Toronto's famous Exhibition is a magnet which draws visitors from all parts of Canada and the United States every fall. It is the biggest thing of its kind on the continent, and the attendance during the two weeks the exhibition runs is well over the million mark. Representative displays of every kind of Canadian product are brought together here, while there are numerous lighter attractions in the Grand Stand and Midway. The U.E.L. Toronto is very interesting historically. The name Fort Toronto was given, after the British conquest of Canada, to a post taken from the French. But the real growth of the city began with the immigration of the United Empire Loyalists into Ontario after the American War of Independence. These settlers left the United States because they preferred to remain under the British flag, and it was their sturdy patriotism, and the undaunted tenacity of their descendants, that transformed the province of Ontario from a wilderness into what it is now, the most populous province of Canada. Seeing Toronto Among the things which the visitor should see are the Parliament Buildings, the University, the various museums and art galleries, the downtown sky-scraper district, the crowded beaches, the delightful residential sections and suburbs— especially Rosedale—the churches, harbor, theatres and stores. Yonge Street is one of the best known shopping streets of Canada. Some pleasant lake trips, also, can be made from Toronto. Toronto to Sudbury and W. Canada—p 16. Torontoto Montreal—via Lake Shore—p 49. Toronto to Montreal—via Peterboro—p 53. Toronto to Hamilton and New York—p 55. Toronto to Wingham and Teeswater—p 57. Toronto to Owen Sound—p 57. Toronto to Goderich—p 58. Toronto to Lindsay and Bobcaygeon—p 60. Toronto to Ottawa—p 60. Toronto to Windsor and Chicago—p 61. mm : ^'-ttirv.^sji.;.;;^ ,.;.^ &fefc.. TORONTO The Parliament Buildings—University of Toronto—Toronto "Fair' North Toronto Station 16 Across Canada Bala—Gateway to the Muskoka Lakes Toronto to Sudbury: 260 miles (For Map, see page 19) Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Toronto West Toronto Woodbridge Kieinburg Bolton Tottenham Beeton Alliston Baxter Craighurst Eady Medonte Severn Falls Bala Leaving Toronto, the railway line strikes away to the northwest, passing several busy manufacturing suburbs with large plants adjacent to the tracks. Then for a considerable time the line traverses some fine farming country, with many attractive looking orchards. Turning more directly north at Bolton we enter the prosperous agricultural country of Simcoe, and pass a succession of small towns, centres of fine farming areas. After leaving Medonte the character of the country through which we pass changes abruptly, the placid meadowlands giving place to forests, rocky formations and frequent lakes. The Muskoka Lakes and Georgian Bay districts which we are entering are two of the finest regions of Canada and attract summer visitors from all over the North American continent. Near Bolton is Camp Borden, which, during the war, was one of the most famous training grounds for aviators on the continent, and still is a large flying centre. Alliston is a busy centre with flour mills and several fine nursery gardens. Toronto—see page 14. Severn Falls a tourist resort near Severn River, affords excellent pickerel and bass fishing. In the vicinity are good camping sites, while the Severn River forms a picturesque route for the canoe or launch trip from the station to Gloucester Pool and the lower Georgian Bay resorts. Bala is the gateway to the popular summer resorts of the Muskoka Lakes. The principal lakes are three in number—Muskoka, Joseph and Rosseau. Round their shores are a large number of summer settlements, ranging in size to suit all tastes and in price to suit all pockets, and connected by an excellent steamer service. All kinds of aquatic sports can be enjoyed at Muskoka to the heart's content, and the elevation of the region, which is about 1,000 feet above sea level, ensures a healthy atmosphere always charged with ozone; while the healing balsamic odors of great forests of pine, spruce, hemlock and cedar give to this district a wonderful reputation for the cure of hay fever. Bala is situated on Bala Bay, a part of Lake Muskoka. Direct steamer connection may be secured here for all points on the lakes. Bala connects with Georgian Bay by the Moon River, this route affording a most interesting canoe trip for experienced paddlers. Branch Lines Bolton is the junction for the Owen Sound line—Page 57. Medonte is the junction for the line between Dranoel and Port McNicoll—Page 54. The Georgian Bay 17 Pointe au Baril Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. MacTier The peculiar rock formations so characteristic of the Barnesdale Muskoka and Georgian Bay regions are outeroppings of Parry Sound what is known as the Upper Laurentian formation, and Nobel according to geologists they are part of the oldest Pointe au Baril rock strata in the world. A fine steel bridge spans the waters and valley of the Seguin River and leads into the pleasant, leafy town of Parry Sound, from which the first glimpse of Georgian Bay waters may be obtained. Georgian Bay, in reality a magnificent inlet of Lake Huron, is dotted with 30,000 islands, some of them of considerable size and heavily wooded. Beautiful channels, often resembling inland lakes, separate these islands and the district offers every inducement to the camper and fisherman. MacTier is a I divisional fpoint, the?end» of. ftheT Ontario and the beginning of the Algoma Districts of the railway. Parry Sound (Population 3,600) situated on one of the finest inlets of Georgian Bay, is the most important town between Toronto and Sudbury. Large lumber interests are located here. For charm of natural beauty there are few places more favored. Near by are many picturesque sites for summer camps, many of which have already been utilized for the erection of fine cottages. Rose Point, a charming spot about three miles from Parry Sound, reached by motor road or by motor boat, is a popular resort for the vacationist and the fisherman. Seven miles north is Nobel, with large explosive works, Pointe au Baril is one of the most charming regions of Georgian Bay and hundreds of Canadian and American vacation-seekers are attracted here each year. Its atmosphere, with its combination of lake-purified winds, sun-heated rocks and resinous pine trees, is peculiarly invigorating, and to those who love the wild and picturesque it spells real adventure. Within a short distance of the station and fringing the shore for from five to ten miles toward the open bay are literally hundreds of islands. Fascinating canoe trips may be taken, threading the waterways between nearby islands or exploring further afield amid surroundings as primitive as when Champlain paddled southward from the French River through these same channels, three hundred years ago. Fishing expeditions are equally interesting, the rocky shoals that form the outer rim of the islands providing inexhaustible breeding places. Bass, the Great Northern pike, maskinonge and pickerel are common, while in October the great salmon trout furnish exciting sport trolling among the reefs in the open bay. The wild life abundant in the district gives added interest to every venture afield and in turn provides certain sport for the hunter in the shooting season; while in the autumn in their southward passage the black ducks assemble in flocks in the secluded wild rice-filled bays. Pointe au Baril possesses excellent hotels and boarding houses, and a daily steamer service is operated between the station wharf and the hotels and cottages of the district. During the summer a special sleeping car service is maintained from Toronto to Pointe au Baril three days each week. 18 Across Canada Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Byng Inlet Pakesley Pickerel French River Bigwood Rutter Paget Burwash Romford Sudbury Not far beyond Pointe au Baril the railway skirts the shores of the beautiful Six-Mile Lake. At Byng Inlet the Magnetewan River district is reached. This river, which has many lake expansions, lies almost due east from Georgian Bay, about twenty-five miles south of the French River, which for some distance it practically parallels and with which connection can be made through intervening waters. The whole region, inYfact, is a maze of land-locked waterways many miles in length. Magnificent bridges span the Pickerel and French Rivers. Beyond French River, farming and stock-raising are carried on, as well as lumbering, eight cheese factories being located at Rutter. North of Burwash, where is the Provincial Prison Farm, we enter a land of great rock hills and tall pines, the railway winding through deep cuts which challenge our admiration for the men who conceived and built the line. At Romford we meet the main transcontinental line from Montreal to Winnipeg and Vancouver and continue seven miles west to Sudbury. Pakesley is the gateway to the newly-opened playground of Ka-Wig-A-Mog, the centre of a maze of land-locked waterways many miles in length. Pakesley has extensive lumbering interests, with an annual output of about thirteen million feet. French River richly endowed with natural beauty, historical interest and sporting advantages, is one of the most desirable vacation districts in Ontario. Since the establishment of the French River Bungalow Camp, it has become a highly popular resort with both Canadian and American vacation-seekers. It has a peculiar appeal to anglers andhuhters, for it is within easy access of splendid fishing and shooting grounds. In these vast fishing and hunting wilds, bass, maskinonge, pike and pickerel offer great sport for the fisherman, while for the hunter there is the best of deer shooting to be had, some bear, and an abundance of small fur-bearing animals and game birds. The district has great historical interest, since it was by the French River that Samuel Champlain, one of the French pioneers of Canada, reached Lake Huron from the St. Lawrence River, via the Ottawa and Mattawa Rivers, in 1615—five years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth Rock. The Bungalow Camp is charmingly located on a rocky bluff which commands a magnificent panoramic view of the river for about two miles. It consists of a number of small bungalows accommodating one, two, or four people and a larger central building for dining and recreational purposes. It is close to good fishing grounds, and supplementary camps have been established at two other fishing spots at some distance from the main camp. Sudbury—see page 13. Branch Lines Sudbury to Montreal—Page 7. Sudbury to Fort William and Winnipeg—Page 20. Sudbury to Sault Ste. Marie, St. Paul and Duluth—Page 66. French River Bungalow Camp Indicates Double Track TORONTO to WINNIPEG-LAKE and RAIL ROUTE 20 Across Canad Sudbury to Fort William: 553 miles (For Map, see page 19) Going, west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Sudbury Murray Azilda Chelmsford Larchwood Levack Cartier Pogamasing Metagama Biscotasing Ramsay Woman River Nemegos Chapleau For the first few miles out of Sudbury the line climbs steeply, while the district continues to show evidences of the nickel industry. The Murray Mine of the British American Nickel Corporation is located near the railway not many miles west of Sudbury, and from Levack a spur runs to the Mond Levack mine, which contains over five million tons of nickel and copper ore. In the valley near Larchwood is a stretch of rich farming country unusual in this rocky, hilly region. Climbing again beyond this, we pass the high falls of the Vermilion River—creamy, foaming water cascading far below the train. In this bush country, where rivers, lakes and muskegs are frequent, game of all kinds is abundant, moose and red deer being plentiful. Note the melodious Indian names. Pogamasing means "shallow gravel rapids" Metagama "a river widened into a lake," Biscotasing "a narrow filled with water lilies, connecting two lakes." Nemegosanda, the name of the river we cross shortly before reaching Chapleau, means "the river where the trout live." §j|| Biscotasing was established before the first spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven, for here the Hudson's Bay Company maintained—and still maintains—a trading post on the canoe route to Flying Post and James Bay. To-day a sawmill is operated. From Biscotasing one of the finest canoe trips to be found anywhere on this continent is commenced, namely, down the Mississauga River to Blind River, on Lake Huron. The trip is not a hard one for those who have had experience in canoe work, and can be made in two weeks. MM***;**' BHHMHHHHHhH HHHHHHHI Chapleau Chapleau Station IS a railway divisional point of some 2,000 people. Here the Dominion Government has built an Indian School at a cost of $100,000, and here is the only hospital between Sudbury and Port Arthur, maintained by the people of Chapleau, Nicholson, and White River, and named in memory of Lady Minto, wife of a former Governor-General of Canada. Nicholson is a lumbering village with a large saw-mill. From here, and from Dalton come many of the jack pine ties on which the track is laid. Missanabie (meaning "the pictured waters") is near the divide which separates the waters flowing south to Lake Huron from those which run north into Hudson's Bay. From Missanabie most interesting canoe trips may be taken north or south into a country of wild and fascinating beauty. Capital trout fishing may also be secured near here. Franz is a railway town. Here we cross the Algoma Central Railway which runs south to Sault Ste. Marie (see page 68). White River is a railway subdivisional point where cattle in transit are rested, fed and watered in the Canadian Pacific Railway stockyard. Around Lake Superior 21 Peninsula Coldwell Jack Fish Schreiber Rossport Nipigon Around Lake Superior Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Nicholson FromChapleau Dalton to the shores of Missanabie Lake Superior, Franz the character of White River the country is Heron Bay much the same as that we have been traversing, but from Heron Bay (so named from a blue her on which was shot down into the bay), no traveller can afford to miss the magnificent panoramas of grand and impressive beauty which are unrolled before him. The train runs upon a ledge cut into the face of huge rock cliffs which rise steeply from the deep cold waters of Lake Superior. It plunges into deep cuts and rock tunnels, and out suddenly again into dazzling sunshine which turns to blue the distant islands fringing the shore and the distant promontories ahead and behind. Far from the bustle of cities, this Lake Superior district is a paradise of forest wilderness. Here roam the moose and red deer; here are found the grouse, partridge, duck and goose; in these streams lurk the elusive speckled trout and gamey bass, the pickerel and maskinonge. The territory west of Heron Bay, the many large islands of Lake Superior and the Nipigon Lake region which we are approaching, may be said to be the finest in Canada for caribou and moose. On many of the islands these stately animals wander at will, undisturbed except when the sportsman comes in the late fall. Jack Fish takes its name from Jack Fish Bay, around which the train winds so sharply that the engine may be seen from the rear platform of the observation car. Schreiber is a railway divisional point. Not far from here is a country with good mineral prospects. Rossport is the headquarters of the lake-fishing industry. Here are caught many of the lake trout and whitefish so tastefully served in the Canadian Pacific dining cars. Nipigon The little village of Nipigon is situated near the tumultuous rapids at the mouth of the Nipigon River. Two miles from the village, with a station of its own, is the Nipigon River Bungalow Camp, delightfully located on the southern shore of Lake Helen, an expansion of the Nipigon River. The Bungalow Camp, like those operated at French River and Kenora, is characterized by an atmosphere of freedom and informality consistent with its surroundings; at the same time it provides certain comforts and conveniences of life which are particularly welcome on returning from fishing or camping trips. A community building which contains the dining, living and recreation quarters is surrounded by a cluster of charming rustic sleeping bungalows. There is an excellent beach in front of the camp, and highly attractive trips by launch and canoe may be taken to to points of interest in the neighborhood. One of the attractions at the Nipigon River Bungalow Camp is a side trip upstream as far as Virgin Falls. These waters are already widely known for the size and fighting qualities of the red speckled Nipigon trout. The Nipigon River is forty miles long, with numerous lake expansions and surging rapids; its water is pure, clear and very cold. Thunder Bay Nearing Port Arthur we catch frequent glimpses of Thunder Bay, with mighty Thunder Cape standing out into the lake in its solemn and impressive aloofness. The "Sleeping Giant," a huge promontory of basaltic rock on the other side of the bay, is said by Indians to be the image of the Great Spirit, keeping 22 Across Canada Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Hurkett The shores of Lake Superior between Nipigon and Port Dorion Arthur are deeply indented by Black Bay and ThunderBay, Loon and the straight course followed by the railway makes only Port Arthur occasional glimpses down the bays possible. Three miles Fort William beyond Nipigon the line turns sharply around the base of Red Cliff. West of this point considerable farming has been developed, though there are also a number of summer resorts at the head of the bays, Pearl and[Loon\being1the most popular centres. watch over his ancient treasure trove, and it is his voice which gives the magnificent mount the name of Thunder Cape. Just behind Thunder Cape, to give the legend verisimilitude, lies Silver Island, a mine which in its day, before it was flooded, yielded much wealth. Port Arthur The "twin cities" of Port Arthur and Fort William Fort William together constitute Canada's greatest grain port. The bulk of the huge grain crops of the Canadian West are hauled hither by freight cars, transferred to lake steamers and carried down the Great Lakes to Port McNicoll, Buffalo and other ports. As many as 369,000,000 bushels of grain have passed through these two cities in one year. The total capacity of the thirty-six public terminal elevators is 64,610,000 bushels. Port Arthur (Population 17,000) is the judicial centre for the District of Thunder Bay. It has a shipbuilding plant, pulp and paper plants, lumber mills, blast furnaces, and ore and coal docks, as well as elevators. It is a modern city with substantial buildings, hotels, wholesale houses, factories, fine hospitals and an extensive school system. A fertile country suitable for all agricultural pursuits, with large areas of lumber and pulp-wood, surrounds it. Fort William (Population 23,000) is situated at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River, and is the divisional point between the Eastern and Western Lines of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and also the terminal of the Canadian Pacific's Great Lakes steamer services (see page 65). Fort William was formerly a very important Hudson's Bay Company's post, and was the great rendezvous of the himters, voyageurs and chief factors of the company. Previous to that, a fort was established in 1731 at the same spot by La Verendrye, the French explorer. A Summer Resort As a summer resort the Twin Cities have many attractions. They are the gateway to a vast area of forest, lake, stream and mountain. Excellent big and small game hunting, including moose, red deer, caribou and brown bear, and superfine fishing—trout, bass, maskinonge—is to be obtained. There are a number of popular summer resorts in the vicinity, of which Silver Island, some twenty miles to the east, is the best known. Kakabeka Falls, twenty miles west of Fort William. along the Kaministiquia River, can be reached by a good automobile road. It is also possible to motor over the Scott Highway all the way from Port Arthur to Duluth. Industrial Power is supplied to the Twin Cities from Kakabeka Falls, and from Nipigon. The surrounding district is well mineralized, discoveries of iron, copper, silver, gold and pyrites having been made. Pulp-wood is abundant, and much pine, tamarack, poplar, birch and jack-pine is cut by the lumber mills. Ignace is a railway divisional point. Dryden (Population 1,000) is a busy centre with a large pulp and paper mill, serving a fairly considerable agricultural area. Near Hawk Lake, not far from Kenora, there are large areas of granite which have been mined from time to time for construction purposes. Lake of the Woods A little more than half-way between Fort William and Winnipeg is Lake of the Woods, one of the finest tourist resorts in America. This wonderful body of water, fringed with woods unspoiled by the lumberman's axe, covers an area of nearly two thousand square miles. Its scenery is distinctly primitive—bold rock and innumerable islands associated with a wealth of forest growth. (Above) Port Arthur At side) Nipigon River Bungalow Camp (At side) Devil's Gap Bungalow Camp, Kenora (Below) Portage Avenue, Winnipeg Fort William Harbor 24 AcrossCanada Fort William to Winnipeg: 419 miles (For Map, see page 19) Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Fort William Leaving Port Arthur and Fort William behind, the rail-. Westfort way traverses for nearly four hundred miles a wild, Kaministiquia uncultivated region of primeval beauty, with rapid rivers Upsala and many lakes. This region was first visited by La Ignace Verendrye in the first half of the eighteenth century Dyment when making his explorations in search of the western Dinorwic sea. Later exploration established it to be a country rich Wabigoon in mineral possibilities. At one time great activity was Dryden displayed by prospectors in this area, and considerable Oxdrift mining is still carried on in the neighborhood of Murillo, Eagle River Bonheur, Wabigoon, and Dryden. During this journey Vermilion Bay a fairly considerable ascent is made to cross the water- Kenora shed between Lake Superior and the Red River Valley. Several interesting rivers are passed—the Kaministiquia with its beautiful Kakabeka Falls, the Mattawan and finally the Wabigoon River—and many beautiful and extensive lakes which offer excellent trout fishing. Kenora (Population 5,500), stands at the principal outlet of the Lake of the Woods, where the lake pours its waters into the Winnipeg River by three distinct cataracts. It derives its name from the first two letters of each of three districts, Keewatin, Norman and Rat Portage. The town is of great importance industrially, with large flour mills, pulp and paper mills, lumber yards, boat building, and other industries. The tributary country is well settled with farmers, and mining prospectors draw their supplies from here, making it an active wholesale and retail centre. The abundant water supply has been utilized for electric power, but much development is possible. The lake affords fine bass, pickerel, jackfish, and maskinonge fishing. Devil's Gap Bungalow Camp Situated at the end of the deep narrow channel known as the Devil's Gap and within twenty minutes of Kenora station by launch is a delightful Bungalow Camp. It consists of a cluster of attractive rustic cabins built on the slope of a gentle hill, some of the cabins nestling amid a grove of slender birches and others amid murmuring pines. On the crest of the hill stands the club building, containing recreation hall, dining room and kitchens. All kinds of water sports are possible at the camp, ideal canoe trips may be taken, and fish and game abound in the immediate neighborhood. There is also a good nine-hole golf couise within easy reach of the camp. Keewatin three miles west of Kenora and also situated^upon Lake of the Woods, is a well-patronized summer resort, with many cottages. It is also a large flour milling and lumbering centre, surrounded by good timber and unlimited supplies of pulp-wood. Extensive power development can be undertaken here. Winnipeg is Canada's third largest city. Greater Winnipeg has a population of 283,100, the city itself of 199,500. La Verendrye, the first white man to set foot in Winnipeg, arrived in 1738, and built Fort Rouge, now part of the city. In 1806 Fort Gibraltar was built by the North-West Trading Company; in 1822, when the North- West Company amalgamated with the Hudson's Bay Company, that fort was rebuilt and named Fort Garry. In 1835 Governor Christie rebuilt Fort Garry in stone. Though this was an important trading centre for the Western plains, the population of Fort Garry, as late as 1871, was only two hundred and fifteen. Winnipeg is beautifully situated at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. The city is handsomely built, one of the most notable structures being the provincial Parliament Buildings; it is also the seat of the University of Manitoba and the Manitoba Agricultural College. It is a city of fine boulevards and parks, many golf courses, and summer and winter sports of all kinds. The Gateway to the West 25 Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Keewatin Ingolf Rennie Whitemouth Molson Beausejour Tyndall East Selkirk Bird's Hill Winnipeg At Ingolf the western boundary of Ontario is passed, and we enter the first of the prairie provinces, Manitoba. A gradual change will be noted in the characteristics of thi country; the rocks and lumber are left behind and are succeeded by the prairie bush and level plains. We are now, in fact, entering the great prairie region of the Canadian west, which, beginning a few miles east of Winnipeg, stretches roughly speaking as far as Calgary, nearly 900 miles distant, and due north from the international boundary for at least 300 mile3. This vast region forms a mammoth agricultural area of almost limitless possibilities. Of the land area of 466,000,000 acres, the conservative estimate has been made tfiat at least 200,000,000 acres are first class agricultural land that will raise the finest of crops. At the present time scarcely more than 35,000,000 acres are actually under cultivation. Crossing the Red River by a long bridge, we enter Winnipeg, which claims for itself, and quite justly, the title of the Metropolis of the"Prairies. Winnipeg (continued) Winnipeg is the greatest grain market and grain inspection point in the British Empire. It is the railway centre of Western Canada, and commands the trade of the vast region to the north, east and west. Branch lines radiate in every direction. The Royal Alexandra owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway, ranks amongst the finest hotels in the world. It was erected at a cost of $1,250,000, has been extended to twice its original size, and is most handsomely decorated and furnished. The hotel is adjacent to the railway station, a magnificent building which is the headquarters of the company's western system. Immense workshops of the Canadian Pacific Railway are situated in Winnipeg, and the railway has also the two largest train yards in the world. One yard has 121 miles of track. The second is even larger, as it includes seventy tracks with a total mileage of 165 miles. In connection aEE with this yard develop- ];•?*) ment the Canadian Paci- > . fie has a transfer elevator . ,^? of a million bushels capacity. A land office of the railway is located in the city, and here also are the chief western immigration offices of the Government, and the immigration sheds. The Canadian Pacific owns large areas Of good agricultural land, Royal Alexandra Hotel and Station, Winnipeg and has a comprehensive colonization policy for facilitating the settlement of practical farmers. An Industrial Centre Winnipeg has made remarkable strides as an industrial centre. Nine hundred industrial plants are now located there, with an annual output of $135,000,000. In Winnipeg and St. Boniface are the largest western stock yards and packing houses, with enormous flour mills, mills for other cereal products, rolling mills, iron and steel works, and automobile assembling plants. Branch Lines From Molson a subdivision runs to Lac du Bonnet (21 miles) adjacent to the Winnipeg River. This is the site of some of the magnificent power plants supplying electric energy to Winnipeg, St. Boniface and other points. From some eight possible power sites there can be developed about 480.000 h.p., although so far only about 100,000 h.p. is actually used. The journey beyond Winnipeg is continued in the "Western Lines11 edition of this publication. 26 Across Canada Montreal to St. John: 482 miles (For Maps, see pages 39 and 31) Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. Montreal Montreal West Highlands Adirondack Jct. St. Constant Delson St. Philippe St. Johns Iberville Farnham Brookport Adamsville West Shefford Foster The Canadian Pacific route from Montreal to the Maritime Provinces is through the pleasant country south of the St. Lawrence, through the Eastern Townships, and, across the State of Maine. Before a direct eastern course is taken the line swings due west as far as Montreal West and then south. The Lachine Canal, which is used by vessels to overcome the dangers of navigation in the Lachine Rapids, is crossed by means of an electrically operated swing bridge that opens to permit the passage of canal traffic. Not far beyond the canal is the pretty little village of Highlands and the majestic St. Lawrence River. The St. Lawrence is the grandest of all Canadian waterways, a river of charm, beauty and history. To its springs at the head of Lake Superior this noble river has a length of 1,900 miles. It carries to the sea all the waters of the five Great Lakes and of scarcely less important tributaries, draining thereby over 500,000 square miles. From Montreal to Newfoundland it forms a protected waterway, unimpeded by any obstacle to navigation, 970 miles long. Shortly after crossing the river one of the finest farming areas in Canada is entered, thriving towns and villages being frequent.\ Montreal—see page 4. The St. Lawrence River Bridge To cross the St. Lawrence River the Canadian Pacific Railway uses a fine steel bridge, 3,657 feet in length and about 60 feet above water level. This bridge, which is double-tracked, contains twenty spans, of which the two longest are 408 feet each, and has nineteen piers. A little below the bridge are the famous Lachine Rapids. Old Fort Lennox, near St. Johns St. Johns (Popula- tionl 1,000) is a busy industrial town, prettily situated on the west bank of the Richelieu River; for many years it has been a gariison town. The Richelieu River flows through a country rich with historical associations. In the early days it was known as the "River of the Iroquois"; and when the French and English were battling for the supremacy of North America it was of immense strategic importance. Lake Champlain, the source of the Richelieu, twenty miles south of St. Johns, has a picturesque setting of high cliffs, forests and beaches. Farnham (Population 3,400) is a prosperous railway town on the Yamaska River, with cigar factories, textiles and other industries. jj| Branch Lines Adirondack is the junction for the New York Central line to New York. Delson is the junction for the Delaware & Hudson line to New York. Farnham to Stanbridge, in Mississquoi County. Farnham to Abbotsford, St. Hyacinthe and St. Guillaume, in Yamaska County. St. Hyacinthe (population 8,500) has leather, woollen and machinery industries. A famous organ factory is also located here. Brookport to Cowansville, Sutton and Newport, one of the border cities in the State of Vermont. This is the route of the through service from Montreal to Boston and Portland— Page 44. Foster to Waterloo, Actonvale and Drummondville (population 2,000) on the St. Francis River. Foster to Knowlton and Enlaugra (also reached from Sutton). Knowlton, near Brome Lake, is a favorite resort for Montrealers. It is a pretty town with several good hotels, excellent boating and bathing and a sporty golf links. The Knowlton Conference attracts hundreds of visitors each summer. The Eastern Townships 27 I **"*■ 1 Sherbrooke Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. South Stukely Eastray Orford Lake Magog Sherbrooke Lennoxville Birchton Cookshire Bury Scotstown Spring Hill Megantic The "Eastern Townships," which we are traversing and of which Sherbrooke is the metropolis, is an old and well- settled section of Quebec that has a very prosperous agricultural system as well as a flourishing industrial life distributed through numerous small cities. The region was originally settled by Scottish soldiers after the conquest of Canada in 1759, but these intermarried very largely with the French-Canadian inhabitants, with the consequence that one finds nowadays many French-speaking people bearing good old Highland—and also some Irish—names. East of Sherbrooke there are no industrial centres; prosperous agricultural towns and well-settled farming areas are still in evidence, however, though as we travel on they become less frequent. Soon the country begins to take on a wilder aspec] and we enter the outskirts of a wonderful sporting region. Magog (Population 5,000) is the station for Lake Memphremagog, a magnificent sheet of water thirty miles long, dotted with many islands, surrounded by rugged, heavily wooded hills, and justly popular with tourists. Its two famous mountains, Orford (2,860 feet) and Owl's Head (2,484 feet), are the highest of the whole region. From Magog a steamer makes trips down the lake daily during the summer season, touching, according to the day, at all important points. Newport, Vermont, is at the southern end. Sherbrooke (Population 25,000) is a beautiful residential city, situated at the confluence of the Magog and St. Francis Rivers and in the heart of a very rich dairying district. It has a large industrial life, with a production of over fifty million dollars a year, deriving power from the falls of the Magog River, in the centre of the city. Its cotton and woollen factories are among the largest and best in Canada. It has also fine machine shops. In close-proximity are a number of highly popular summer resorts. Lennoxville is the seat of Bishop's College and Bishop's College School, two very well known institutions that give a leisured, cultured air to the town. Cookshire and Scotstown are prosperous little towns, centres of fine dairying areas. Megantic (Population 3,500) is a rare spot for campers and sportsmen, its Indian name signifying '/the resort of fish." Bass and trout are plentiful, moose is also to be found, and plenty of deer, as well as an abundance of small game. The lake (altitude 1,200 feet) is twelve miles long and from one to four wide. Twelve miles north of Megantic are Spider Lake^ind Trout Lake, at the former of which is located the Megantic Fish and Game Club. Megantic is the end of the Quebec operating district of the railway, and the beginning of the New Brunswick district. Branch Lines Eastray to Mansonville and North Troy. Eastray to North Stukely and Windsor Mills. Sherbrooke to Quebec, via the Quebec Central Railway—see page 43. Connections at Sherbrooke with the Boston and Maine Railroad. Megantic to Levis and Quebec—via the Quebec Central Railway. 28 Across Canada McAdam Station and Hotel Going east, read station names downward. Goii ward. Lowelltown Skinner Holeb Jackman Long Pond Somerset Moosehead Greenville Onawa Brownville Jci Lake View Mattawamkeag Danforth Vanceboro McAdam At Lowelltown we enter the St through the same fine sporting parative wilderness. Its sc Us game is very abundant. We its chain of lakes, including t Lake, one of the grandest of all forty miles long and from one j wild and varied scenery; its wai trout, salmon and togue of great are admirable shooting grounds game as moose, bear and deer Mc Mi eRi Mo id id id Mc Mt Im Ia Oi Pe Ti Kennebec River leaves Moosehe is also a beautiful stretch of wt River, which is crossed at M inducements in Ihe way of canoe trips andfis outlet of this boundary chain of lakes is the beautiful St. Croix River, which is not far from, Vanceboro. At Vanceboro the international boundary is crossed, and we are again in Canadian territory, this time in the Province of New Brunswick. The country which we first approac dotted hi \ rugged one, heavily timbered, d there with little lumbering vit lakes and streams and McAdam is important as the railway centre from which the surrounding areas of fine sporting country may be reached. At the station is a convenient hotel operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Connections Steamer servicesfrom Greenville Junction on Lake Kineo; or MaineCentral Railway from Somerset to Kineo, further up the lake. Mattawamkeag to Portland (via Maine Central). From Portland connection is made for Boston by the Boston and Maine Railroad, the line running through several well- known beaches, Kennebunkport, Old Orchard, etc. Through cars are run by this route between Boston and Halifax. Branch Line—McAdam to St. Andrews-by-the-Sea Aj »a. From McAdam a branch line runs south to S a pretty and very fashionable seashore resort sit quoddy Bay. As a summer resort this is not surf on the Atlantic Coast. Here the visitor finds agi bathing, tennis, riding, driving, a fine eighteen- salubrious climate, and enjoyable social pleasures. The Algonquin n Passamc- v any point ) o at ing and course, a IR Ci Pacific ie centre of Andrews to Hotel—the most eastern of the chain of lux hotels that span Canada from Atlantic to P social life at this resort. A through servic] Montreal is maintained in the summer. It is interesting to note that this railway is one of the oldest in Canada. It was incorporated in 1836, with the idea of being carried through to Quebec, thus to afford a through route from the Atlantic Ocean to the St. Lawrence. Construction was not, however, commenced until 1852, and the ambitious scheme fell through. New Brunswick 29 Y Vi; nm ,» in t'""'y. , "lyillllsra^lil^ffiS^wiSiffli^i liHlii£iii*sisi ■ Algonquin Hotel, St. Andrews New Brunswick The province of New Brunswick comprises an area of 27,985 square miles, which is somewhat less than the area of Ireland. It is bounded on three sides by the sea and has a coast line of about 600 miles, deeply indented with bays and the finest of harbors. The province was originally one vast forest; the greater part of it still remains so, but is interspersed with lakes and a network of rivers, some of considerable size. The St. John River, 400 miles long, runs through territory famed alike for its productiveness and its scenic beauty, flowing into the Bay of Fundy at the city of St. John. The basic industry of the province is agriculture; the soil and climate are admirably adapted for every kind of farming, and grain-growing, stock- raising, dairying and fruit-growing are all carried on. With such a large extent of coast line, it is but natural that fishing should rank as an important industry and the value of its fisheries and canneries is considerable. New Brunswick is rich in minerals, coal mining, gypsum quarrying and natural gas being the most important of the mining industries. Lumbering is also an important industry, and manufacturing is carried on in several of the larger towns. The vast majority of its population (388,092) are English- speaking, although there are still 98,000 of French descent. New Brunswick is a veritable hunters' paradise, and its network of streams and lakes make access to hunting and fishing grounds very easy. Some of the finest salmon streams in the world are here, and trout are also found in abundance. Branch Line—McAdam to Edmundston: 163 miles McAdam Debec Woodstock Perth Jct. Aroostook Grand Falls Edmundston Another branch runs north to Edmundston, traversing a forested country alternated at intervals by well-populated farming communities and prosperous villages. Passing through Carleton County, one of the finest agricultural counties in Eastern Canada, we reach Woodstock, a prosperous little town with a population of some five thousand. Beyond Woodstock is a rich agricultural area, with large fruit-growing interests and a tremendous amount Continuing north, Grand Falls, which is at the head of navigation of the St. John River, has enormous hydro-electric resources, only partially developed so far, and a big lumbering business. Edmundston, at the end of the line, is a large town with a French-Canadian population, a fine sporting centre with extensive lumber activities. Branch Lines Debec to Houlton, Maine. Perth Junction to Plaster Rock, reaching the famous Tobique River, one of the greatest salmon fishing regions of Canada. Aroostook to Fort Fairfield, Caribou and Presque Isle through a big pulp producing country. of lumbering. . 30 Across Canada Lumbering in New Brunswick Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. Prince William Harvey Rooth Fredericton Jct. Hoyt Welsford Leaving McAdam, we soon reach the basin of the great St. John River, which is,450 miles long and navigable for 100 miles; it passes through a region of great beauty and fertility, possessing rich natural resources in timber, coal, lime, gypsum, etc., At Westfield Beach, a beautiful summer resort, we come within sight of the river which Westfield Beach makes a big bend from Fredericton to its outlet at St. Grand Bay John into the Bay of Fundy. The Bay cf Fundy is noted Fairville for its tremendous tides. Of these, the most marvellous is St. John at the Reversing Falls at St. John. The St. John River, flowing into the bay, has a drop of from seventeen to twenty-five feet, in a narrow gorge of great beauty; but when the tide rises, the water more than overcomes this difference of level. The salt water rises steadily and forces its way up the river bed; as it ebbs again, the half-fresh half-salt water has to find its way out, and does so at speed comparable to that of Niagara Whirlpool. At half-tide a level of the two waters is reached making the Falls area navigable for vessels. The railway crosses the Falls by a steel cantilever bridge, built in 1921, and enters the city of St. John. Branch Lines Fredericton Junction to Fredericton and the northenfpart of New Brunswick. Fredericton (Population 8,000) is the capital city of New Bruns wick, the site of a Dominion Experimental Station and the University of New Brunswick. The city has a beautiful residential section, is a big wool centre, and is rapidly gaining prominence for its industrial activity. It is a well-known base for hunters and fishermen, the moose country of Queen's County being within easy access. From Fredericton the line continues north-westerly to North Devon and Newburg, passing through a busy agricultural region that has also some very large cotton mills. At Newburg the branch from McAdam to Edmundston is joined. A branch runs from Southampton to Otis. The Fredericton & Grand Lake Coal & Railway Co. and the New Brunswick Coal & Railway Co.'s line runs from Fredericton to Norton, passing through Minto, N.B., where there are laige areas of coal lands, and where several ccal mining companies are operating. It crosses the Salmon River at the town of Chipman, and the Washademoak River at Cody's. Boththese places have freight and passenger boats ruining to and from St. John, N.B. The line runs through heavy timber country where there is good hunting jiordeer and large game. ^ Indicates Double Track MeADAM to SAINT JOHN and HALIFAX 32 Across Canada Canadian Pacific Bridge, Saint John St. John (Population 66,000) is the largest city of New Brunswick. Located on the northern shore of the Bay of Fundy, at the mouth of the great River St. John, it is essentially a maritime city, the alternate winter port of Canada, and its fine docks and harbor are always interesting. It is the winter terminus of fourteen lines of ocean steamers operating to all parts of the world. It has three grain elevators, two of which, with a million-bushel capacity each, are operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway; fifteen ocean berths, nine of which are provided with grain conveyors; a dry dock, 1,150 feet in length; oil and coal bunkering plants, cattle shed, frost-proof potato warehouses; direction-finding wireless station, and other aids to navigation. St. John has many industries, including foundries, sugar refining, cotton mills, lime kilns, etc., and huge lumbering interests. The city was founded early in the seventeenth century by the French, but its growth dates really from 1783, when five thousand United Empire Loyalists settled here. In 1877, the greater part of St. John was destroyed by fire, but it has since been rebuilt. The site of Fort La Tour, the Champlain Monument, and the Martello Tower are amongst the reminders of an historic past that still exist. Across the harbor is West St. John, reached by a steam ferry. The principal ocean piers are on this side of the harbor. West St. John to St. Stephen: 83 miles Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. West St. John Prince of Wales Musquash Lepreaux St. George Brunswick St. Stephen From West. St. John an important branch line skirts the shore of the Bay of Fundy and reaches an attractive fishing and hunting region. West St. John has a number of interesting historical associations, and possesses a striking Martello Tower on its heights. A number of industries centre in this area of the city, which has also the Immigration Sheds that receive incoming Atlantic ships. Musquash is a port and a lumbering centre. A hydro-electric plant has been established by the Provincial Government here, this plant providing electric power for St. John, West- field, Sussex, Moncton and other adjacent centres. Lepreaux also has fine potential water-powers. St. George (Population 2,000) is situated on the Magaguadavic River, which empties into Passamaquoddy Bay, and is a port of call for coasting steamers in the summer season. TheMagaguadavic Falls supply power for a pulp mill and several granite works, and there are lumber mills within the town and good lake and sea fishing nearby. Patronized by moose hunters and trout fishermen, Brunswick is a junction point for St. Andrews-by-the-Sea (see page 28). St. Stephen (Population 3,600) contains some of the largest manufacturing plants in the province, and lies at the head of St. Croix navigation. It is also the southern gateway for automobile tourists entering the province of New Brunswick. A small branch runs down to Milltown, where lumber mills and a large cotton mill are located. Branch Line A short branch connects St. Stephen with McAdam. The Bay of Fundy 33 m •-■-■■ ', . *w SC'"; Sfcd W** ,r - , -55 7-':.. Wm>. HK as J C± Saint John, from the Harbor St. John to Halifax: 196 miles Dominion Atlantic Railway From St. John the CanadianPacific Steamer "Empress" crosses the Bay of Fundy to Digby, N.S., reaching that town in three hours and there connecting with the Dominion Atlantic Railway both north to Halifax and south to Yarmouth. Descriptive notes of the Dominion Atlantic Route will be found on page 36. St. John to Halifax: 278 miles Canadian National Railways (For Map, see page 31) Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. St. John Hampton Norton Sussex Petitcodiac Salisbury Moncton Dorchester Sackville Amherst The all-rail route from St. John to Halifax takes us over the lines of the Canadian National Railways, following the two arms of the Upper Bay of Fundy, Chignecto Bay and the Basin of Minas. Soon after leaving St. John, we pass the Kennebecasis River, which opens out into a deep and wide estuary of the St. John River, with both shores fringed with wooded uplands. The valley of this river contains some of the finest farms in the province; to the east and south are found a great many small lakes where trout are abundant. Fine farming country continues until Amherst and the Isthmus of Chignecto are reached. Between Sackville and Amherst the boundary between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia is crossed. Petitcodiac is mainly Dutch, having been originally settled by Dutch loyalists from Pennsylvania. Sackville is the seat of a fine group of Methodist educational institutions, including Mount Allison University. Moncton (Population 20,000) is situated on the Petitcodiac River in the midst of a very fertile farming region. It has several important industries and is a large shipping centre for the Maritime Provinces. The city is supplied with natural gas from wells eight miles from the city, and in the same territory oil in paying quantities has also been found. An interesting feature of the river is the "bore" of the incoming tide, when the water rushes in with great force in a huge wave, occasionally seven feet high. Moncton is an outfitting point for hunters for northern New Brunswick. Amherst (Population 11,000) is a handsome little city at the head of Chignecto Bay with several manufacturing establishments. Near by are the remains of Fort Cumberland, of historic interest as the scene of hard-fought battles between French and English in the early days of Canada. Branch Lines Norton to Fredericton—via the Fredericton and Grand Lake Railway— Page 30. Sackville to Cape Tormentine, from which Prince Edward Island is reached by a car ferry, that maintains rail connection between the mainland and the island the year round* 34 cross Canada Nova Scotia is a peninsula thrust conspicuously out into the Atlantic Ocean from the south-eastern extremity of New Brunswick. Save for the isthmus, thirteen miles wide, connecting it with that province, it is surrounded on all sides by salt water. The eastern portion is really an island—Cape Breton Island—separated from the mainland by the Strait of Canso. The peninsula is divided into two nearly equal parts by a range of hills running through its entire length. The section facing the Atlantic Ocean is rocky, with numerous lakes and streams, while that facing the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St. Lawrence is exceedingly fertile. From the nature of the country the rivers are not. large, but their mouths provide many fine harbors. Many of them are tidal and are notable for having the highest tidal flow of any rivers in the world. Agriculture is the leading industry of Nova Scotia. The soil, especially along the bays and rivers of the northern slope, is exceedingly fertile. The Annapolis Valley, on the southeastern shore of the Bay of Fundy, is very famous for apples and other fruits. Dairying and stock-farming have also become important industries. Mining ranks next in importance to agriculture. There are great coal fields throughout the province, particularly in Cape Breton. Gold, of high quality, and iron ore are also mined, but the production is now somewhat limited. Fisheries are also of great importance, cod, lobsters and haddock contributing two - thirds of the total output. The manuf ac- tures of the province are many, and some of them are of considerable importance. The great majority of the inhabitants are of Canadian birth, with English and Scottish ancestry. There also remain many descendants of the original French settlers. Hunting and fishing may be had in many parts of the province. Moose and caribou are found in the southern part; the lakes and rivers are filled with trout; and snipe, partridge, wild geese and wild ducks are plentiful in season. Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. Spring Hill Jct. Between Amherst and Oxford Junction the height of land over the Cobequid Mountains is crossed. Forest- clad hills run all through this section, generally in the direction of the coast line. Though the elevation of the railway is not high, these mountains, along the north shore of the Minas Basin, reach the height of 1,200 feet. Soon we find ourselves again in good farming country, which continues until, skirting the shores of Bedford Basin, a great spacious inland extension of Halifax Harbor, we reach the outskirts of the city of Halifax. Truro (Population 6,200) is a delightful thriving town in the midst of most picturesque country, and possesses one of the finest natural parks of the Dominion. It has an experimental farm, several flourishing industries, and in the vicinity lumber, iron and coal. Good trout may be obtained nearby, and in the"Stewiacke Mountains there are moose, as well as grouse, ducks, aiid other birds. Truro is the junction point with the Canadian National Railways to Cape Breton Island. Branch Lines Truro to Windsor—via the Dominion Atlantic Railway. Windsor Junction to Windsor, Kentville, Annapolis, Digby and Yarmouth- An Acadian Vista Oxford Jct. Londonderry Truro Windsor Jct. Halifax *v SCENES IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES 36 Across C anada ■»><-i~v* ;.sm~«* .*»», Evangeline's Well, Grand Pre Halifax to Yarmouth: 217 miles Dominion Atlantic Railway Going south, read station names downward. Going north, read upward. Halifax Windsor Jct. Mount Uniacke Windsor From Halifax, the Dominion Atlantic Railway, a subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway, crosses the peninsula of Nova Scotia and follows the western shore line of the province down the Bay of Fundy. This line traverses one of the most beautiful and romantic sections of Canada—the famous "Land of Evangeline," scene of the poetic tragedy of Longfellow. At the town of Windsor, on the banks of the Avon, we enter the sphere of the Fundy tides, for the river drains into the Basin of Minas, an arm of the Bay of Fundy. Two hundred miles distant from the mouth of the inlet, the river rises, twice a day, forty or fifty feet, and, ebbing, leaves the bed exposed. Halifax (Population 70,000). Capital and commercial centre of the picturesque province of Nova Scotia, Halifax is charmingly situated on one of the most magnificent natural harbors of the world. It is one of Canada's two Atlantic winter ports, with an important trade to Europe, the United States, the West Indies, etc., and is also a large naval and military station. It is strongly fortified, chief of the fortifications being the Citadel, elevated 256 feet above sea-level, and commanding the city and harbor. Halifax was founded in 1749, when 5,000 British immigrants established themselves in an enterprise promoted by the Earl of Halifax. It speedily became a great naval station, from which campaigns were launched against the French and the "Thirteen Colonies." When the independence of the latter was acknowledged, Halifax grew suddenly by the immigration of some thousands of United Empire Loyalists. Halifax is beautifully situated, with two large expanses of water available for all kinds of aquatic sport, Bedford Basin and the North- West Arm. Across the harbor is the charming suburb of Dartmouth. Halifax is the seat of Dalhousie University, which has recently been moved to the shores of the North-West Arm, some very fine buildings having been erected. Since the catastrophe of 1917, a large part of Halifax has been reconstructed. The Dominion Government is expending over thirty million dollars in the construction of new terminals, which will make Halifax one of the best equipped ports in North America. Halifax has about eighty factories, including a large oil- refining plant. Windsor (Population 3,500) is a charming old-world town with a very picturesque water-side. King's College, the oldest university in the British Empire outside of Great Britain, was originally established here. It is a large lumber-shipping port and has valuable mineral deposits in the vicinity. Branch Line Windsor to Truro, a distance of 59 miles. \ Nova Scotia 37 Going south, read station names downward. Going north, read upward. Hantsport The Minas country through which we are now travelling Grand Pre is one from which mists of memory rise, for it was the Wolfville scene of the Expulsion of the Acadians in 1755. Whether Kentville or not Evangeline ever lived, whether the "Great Banish- Berwick ment" were a justifiable military act, can now be left Middleton in the mists of history; sufficient if we say that the Bridgetown memory of Evangeline has endowed all this country Annapolis Royal with a singular graciousness. For some distance the Bear River country, which has an unusually charming pastoral Digby atmosphere, slopes gently to the Minas Basin. From North Range the heights above one beholds a noble sweep of country Weymouth extending twenty or thirty miles in all directions, Meteghan the rugged Cape Blomidon standing sentinel far to the Yarmouth north by the Minas shore. The district is famous for apple-growing, and in blossom season the scene is one of great beauty. Grand Pre If a link were needed to connect this beautiful country with the Evangeline story, it has been supplied by a statue of Evangeline that has been erected at this spot. The field containing the old-fashioned well that local legend calls "Evangeline's Well" has been purchased by the railway and consecrated as Evangeline Park. An heroic bronze statue of the heroine, by the distinguished French-Canadian sculptor Henri Hebert, forms the principal feature of the park, while a chapel, resembling as nearly as possible the eighteenth century architecture that Evangeline would have known, has been erected by the descendants of the Acadians. Wolfville is a college town, the seat of Acadia University and Acadia residential schools for boys and girls. Kentville (Population 2,700) is the business centre of the Annapolis Valley. The Cornwallis Inn, a modest but comfortable hotel, is operated here by the Dominion Atlantic Railway. Annapolis Royal is one of the most historic towns in Canada. Built by the French in 1606, under the name of Port Royal, it was for 150 years the scene of part of the long bitter struggle between French and English for the possession of the New World. Until 1710, when it passed into the hands of the English, its story is a succession of captures, re-captures and changing masters; and even for forty years afterwards it was in an almost continuous state of siege. The fort is still in good repair, though used only as a museum. Annapolis Royal is the starting place for many excursions into the lake-strewn regions of central Nova Scotia. Bear River, a popular summer resort, is famous for its cherries. Digby is another well-known resort, famous equally for its cherries and its delicate small smoked herring, known as "Digby Chickens." It does a large business, too, in catching, drying and exporting cod, haddock, and finnan haddie. June brings the summer tourist. Digby has long and lofty piers jutting far out into the tide, forming a favorite promenade; it has pleasure boats, fishing boats, yachts, and is abundantly equipped with summer cottages and hotels, the chief of which is the Pines, operated by the Dominion Atlantic Railway. There are some fascinating drives in the neighborhood, and for the golfer Digby has a capital nine-hole course. Yarmouth (Population 7,200), the second largest lumber-exporting port in Nova Scotia, has a somewhat English air, with its hawthorn-hedge enclosed lawns and its extensive shipping and shipbuilding. Branch Lines and Steamer Service. Kentville to Kingsport, on the Basin of Minas, A branch also runs from this one t© Weston. Digby to St. John—via the Canadian Pacific Steamer "Empress," a comfortable three- hour trip—Page 33. Yarmouth to Boston—Steamer service twice weekly in winter and daily in summer. 38 Across Canada Montreal from Mount Royal Montreal to Quebec: 173 miles Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. Montreal Mile End St. Martin Jct. St. Vincent de Paul Terrebonne Mascouche L'Epiphanie Lavaltrie Lanoraie Berthier Jct. Louiseville Yamachiche Pointe du Lac Leaving Place Viger Station, we travel north across the Island of Montreal, over the foaming waters of the Riviere des Prairies to He Jesus, and then in a few minutes to the Riviere des Milles lies, which is crossed to the mainland. From the bridges, magnificent views may be obtained; the rivers, which in reality are two forks of the Ottawa River, are broad and swift at this point, with tumultuous rapids and deeply-indented, heavily-wooded shore lines. Once the mainland is reached, the route lies across the lowlands which stretch between the St. Lawrence and the hills lying at constantly increasing distances from it. This plain is cut into the long narrow strips characteristic of French-Canadian farmlands. There are two reasons for the peculiarly shaped farm. One is that the continual sub-division of bequeathed estates left no alternative, the other is that a waterfront was absolutely necessary to each farm, so they extended in long strips, thus giving each farmer a narrow frontage on the river. All along one is struck by the conspicuous part the church plays in village life. Everywhere the church and the presbytery are the most prominent buildings in the compact little villages one flies past so quickly. Montreal—see page 4. St. Vincent de Paul has a charming site on the Rivieres des Prairies, and many interesting old French houses. The Provincial Penitentiary is located here. Terrebonne is on the Riviere des Milles lies. Limestone quarries near the town furnish most of the stone used in the district for railway bridges and other heavy masonry. Branch Lines Lanoraie to Joliette, St. Felix and St. Gabriel. St. Gabriel (on Lac Maskinonge) is a well-known summer resort with very fine fishing. Berthier Junction to Berthier, a populous river-landing with steamer connection to Sprel and other points along the St. Lawrence. Indicates Double Track MONTREAL to QUEBEC *"° MeADAM 46 Across Canad The Province of Quebec The province of Quebec occupies the largest territory of any province in Canada, with an area of 706,834 square miles, extending from east to west a distance of 1,350 miles. North of the Saguenay, between Labrador and Hudson's Bay, the country is very little explored. The St. Lawrence Valley, which includes the lowlands extending along the river from the city of Quebec to the western extremity of the province, is a very fertile plain in which are situated the chief cities and towns. This section is also settled with prosperous farmers, the Eastern Townships possessing some of ihe finest farming and grazing land in Canada. About five-sixths of the population of Quebec are descendants of the original French settlers, and speak the French language as their native tongue. The remaining one-sixth, chiefly of British descent, are found principally in Montreal and in the Eastern Townships. The rivers of Quebec are most important; there are many large rivers, which as highways of commerce are of incalculable value. Foremost stands the St. Lawrence, which is navigable to Montreal, a city 300 miles nearer Liverpool than New York. There are limitless water-power sites almost everywhere in the province, and in the amount and value of its manufactures Quebec ranks very high. Products of the soil are abundant, and large quantities of hay, oats, eggs, butter and cheese are shipped abroad. Tobacco is grown extensively in Quebec, which also is a large producer of maple syrup and maple sugar. The timber resources of the province are very great. Lumbering is one of its important industries, and pulp and paper mills are located in many parts. The most valuable mineral resources are found between Sherbrooke and Quebec; here are the largest and most productive deposits of asbestos in the world. In the northern sections, valuable gold deposits have been located. In its interest for sportsmen, no province in Canada surpasses Quebec. The forests abound in game, large and small; the rivers and streams teem with fish, while wildfowl are innumerable. Piles Jct. Batiscan La Perade Lachevrotiere Portneuf St. Basile Pont Rouge Belair Lorette Quebec Going east, read station names downward. Going west, read upward. Trois Rivieres Between Three Rivers, to give the city its English equivalent, and Quebec we pass through a number of ancient settlements, originally seigneuries fronting upon the St. Lawrence. Frequent rivers tumble down from the hills and so supply these villages with abundant water-power. The fishing in these useful streams is not to be despised; one of them, the Jacques Cartier, is a noted salmon river. All the villages are quaint and picturesque, and French is the universal language. Portneuf (population 1,000) is on the Portneuf River, thirty-five miles before reaching Quebec. It is a thriving factory town deriving power from the Shawinigan Power Company, and operates several paper mills. Lorette is mainly a settlement of Christianized Huron Indians, founded two hundred and fifty years ago. After leaving Lorette, we are soon in the outskirts of Quebec, arriving shortly at the beautiful Palais Station. Trois Rivieres (Population 26,000), so called because it is situated at the triple mouth of the St. Maurice, is at the head of tidal water in the St. Lawrence. Founded in 1634, it played an important role in the early history of Canada. Trois Rivieres has a fine harbor, and can accommodate any sized vessel afloat. It is the shipping point of a large agricultural district. The city has important Catholic institutions, and is the centre of the paper, pulp and lumbering industries of the region. It has six large lumber mills, a cotton mill of 75,000 spindles, iron foundries, shipbuilding plants, steel foundry, wood-turning plant and other industries. Quebec—see page 42. Branch Lines Trois Rivieres to Shawinigan Falls and Grand'Mere, on the west shore of the St. Maurice River. Shawinigan Falls are 165 feet high, and 250,000 h.p. is now being developed from them. This electric power is widely used in the various industries of the city, prominent among which are pulp, carbide, aluminum and textiles. Power is also transmitted to Montreal, Quebec and other municipalities along the transmission lines. Grand'Mere (population 8,000) has also enormous water-power resources and a big pulp industry. Piles Junction to St. Maurice, St. Narcisse and Grandes Piles. This district is interesting not only for its enormous production of lumber but also because its streams are well stocked with fish, especially the gamey speckled trout, while moose are plentiful also. ^w The Chateau Frontenac QUEBEC 42 Across Canada Quebec and the Chateau Frontenac Quebec {Population 120,000) was the birthplace of North America. It was the cradle of New France, and with its name are linked those of the heroic priests, soldiers and pioneers who established civilization in the New World. The grandeur of its site, the beauty of its scenery, and the poignancy of its checkered history, endow it with a special appeal. No other city on this continent has such individual charm or such definite personality. It might be described as the Spirit of Romance in an unromantic age. Memories of the Past The first white man to visit Quebec was Jacques Cartier in 1535, but it was not until 1608 that a city was founded by Samuel de Champlain. For a century and a half thereafter Quebec was the headquarters of French rule in America, contending with the New En glanders for domination. Laval, the first bishop, La Salle, the explorer, Frontenac, the intrepid governor, Marie de 1'Incarnation, founder of the Ursuline Convent, and countless others belong to this glowing period. In the middle of the eighteenth century the destiny of Quebec changed abruptly. Part of the wide world drama known as the Seven Years' War was played in America; and in 1759, at one of the most famous battles in history—that of the Plains of Abraham—the British defeated the French, and four years later were ceded Canada. The French Tradition The city retains much of its olcj French tradition. The architecture of the city is French, with some buildings of the eighteenth century which no vandal hand has attempted to destroy, others more modern but carefully built in an artistic attempt to duplicate the essentially French strain of the old. Then the quaint older part of Quebec, with its steep cobbled streets, its confusion of high gabled roofs, its quiet alleys bringing one suddenly to a dim historic spot, its convents, its churches, its monks, its habitants, its leafy squares and countless statues, has an individuality which cannot be duplicated on the continent. Chateau Frontenac On the site of a building far-famed in Canadian history, the Chateau St. Louis, now stands the Chateau Frontenac, at once a perfect hotel and an architectural gem. Remembering the traditions and practice of French builders, its creators have reproduced in every stone, of its irregular shape, towers and cupolas, the architecture of an eighteenth century. The Chateau Frontenac is one of the splendid trans-continental chain of hotels operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Summer and winter it is thronged with visitors, winter sports adding to its various other attractions. In front of the Chateau is Dufferin Terrace, a popular quarter-mile board walk which extends as far as the Citadel, and from which one may obtain a succession of wonderfully fine views. Ste. Anne de Beaupre Amongst the charming excursions within a short distance of Quebec is that to Ste. Anne de Beaupre, which is reached by an electric line in about an hour's ride. Here is situated one of the most famous shrines of the New World, with remarkable curative powers. Montmorency Falls, where the Montmorency River plunges into the St. Lawrence over a 274-foot leap, are passed on the way to Ste. Anne's. Quebec has some large industries, chief of which is the shoe industry. It is also a very important port, for several trans-Atlantic lines dock here, including the liners of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Services. The Asbestos Country • Quebec to Sherbrooke: 148 miles Quebec Central Railway (For Map, see page 39) Going south; read station names downward. Going north, read upward. Quebec The Quebec Central Railway serves the choicest portion (Levis) of the immense arable land that lies south of the St. Valley Jct. Lawrence River, between Quebec and Sherbrooke. Fur- Tring Jct. thermore, though originally intended as a colonization East Broughton railway, it has become part of the trunk line between Thetford Mines Quebec and Portland, Boston and New York. Shortly after leaving the Palais station we are on the Quebec Bridge, which takes us across the St. Lawrence River to Levis. The Quebec Bridge has the longest span of any cantilever bridge in the world and the largest ships can pass under it. For immensity, uniqueness of design, excellence of detail and boldness of organization, it is a notable construction in the annals of engineering. After leaving the St. Lawrence we run through a succession of typical French-Canadian villages conspicuous by their white cottages and ever- recurring churches. After passing the Chaudiere Valley, we approach the absestos mining district, East Broughton being the first of the mining centres. Several of the mines are near the railway line, and as the asbestos is mined in pits a fine view of the mining operations can be obtained from the car windows. Copper is also mined in this district, the largest copper mines east of the Great Lakes being located at Weedon. Soon we reach the St. Francis River which we follow into Sherbrooke. Black Lake Coleraine Weedon Dudswell Jct East Angus Sherbrooke Levis Until the Quebec Bridge was built, Levis was the terminus of the railway and Quebec had to be reached from this point by ferry. From Levis a magnificent view may be obtained of the St. Lawrence River, the beautiful Isle of Orleans, Montmorency Falls, and the city and citadel of Quebec. The Chaudiere Valley is the valley by which Benedict Arnold reached Quebec in 1775. The valley affords a panorama of highly cultivated fields, which, in autumn, with the glorious coloring of the maple woods, present a picture of great beauty. Thetford Mines is the headquarters of the Thetford mining district which includes East Broughton, Leeds, Robertson, Black Lake and Coleraine. It is the principal seat of the asbestos mining industry of the world. The mines in this district constitute one of the most prosperous industries in the Dominion of Canada, and are the chief factor in the control of the asbestos industry, the production aggregating 90 per cent of the world's consumption. Valuable chrome iron deposits are also found at Black Lake. At East Angus is a large paper mill. Sherbrooke—see page 27. jp| Branch Lines Tring Junction to Megantic, this branch forming with the Canadian Pacific from Megantic a short line between Quebec and St. John. Valley Junction to St. Joseph, Beauceville, St. George and Lake Frontier. Asbestos Mine at Thetford Mines 44 Across Canada ■Bill IHlIllll IHllllimll St. Lawrence River Bridge, Lachine Montreal to New York, Boston and Portland Montreal to New York: 384 miles Delaware and Hudson Route Skirting the west shore of Lake Champlain and the rugged slopes of the Adirondacks, the route runs through a land of scenic wonder and storied romance via Saratoga Springs to Troy; thence by New York Central to New York. This trip may be varied in summer by a steamer trip through Lake Champlain and Lake George, at an expenditure of about twelve hours' additional time and a slight increase in the cost of the ticket, affording a trip of exquisite natural beauty and great historic interest. Montreal to New York: 469 miles New York Central Route From the Windsor Station the line runs west to the Canadian Pacific bridge which crosses the river above the Lachine Rapids; thence through the Adirondack Mountains passing the attractive summer resorts of Loon Lake, Paul Smith's and Saranac Lake, via Utiea to Albany, N.Y. From Albany the line follows the east shore of the picturesque Hudson River to New York. The trip may be pleasantly varied in summer by taking the steamer from Albany down the Hudson to New York. Montreal to Boston: 340 miles From Montreal to Boston there is a through service by Canadian Pacific trains. Leaving Windsor Station and crossing the St. Lawrence by the Canadian Pacific bridge west of the city, the line runs through the English-settled portions of southern Quebec and along Lake Memphramagog. From here, with the Green Mountains in view, the line runs through the rich valleys of northern Vermont, skirts the White Mountains of New Hampshire and traverses the most interesting parts of New England. Montreal to Portland: 283 miles From Montreal to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the same route is followed as to Boston; thence to Whitefield, Fabyans and Crawfords, through the wonderful Crawford Notch and the famous White Mountains to North Conway. From St. Johnsbury the Maine Central runs to Portland, where connection is made with both Boston and Maine and Canadian Pacific trains. The Laurentian Mountains 45 Montreal to Mont Laurier: 158 miles Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Montreal Mile End Ste. Rose Ste. Therese St. Jerome Shawbridge Piedmont Within easy reach of Montreal lie the beautiful Laurentian Mountains, with their many delightful summer resorts. Leaving Place Viger station the route takes us north across the Island of Montreal, the Riviere des Prairies, He Jesus and the Riviere des Milles lies to the mainland. At St. Jerome one catches a first glimpse of the mountains, a long blue line against the sky, and a Ste. Marguerite climb of almost one thousand feet is begun. The Riviere du Nord is our companion for some time; just beyond Ste. Marguerite we see it in one of its most turbulent moods, brawling and fretting among towering fir-clad hills dark with pine and spruce. At Val Morin, Lac Raymond fills in a great hollow in the path of the river, making it navigable for two miles. At Ste. Agathe the altitude is 1,207 feet and we continue to climb until we reach St. Faustin, which is fifty feet higher. Between St. Faustin and St. Jovite, however, the altitude decreases, the line dropping five hundred feet in about ten miles. From Tremblant on, the countryside begins to assume a different aspect; the hills are lower, plains are more frequent and there are fewer signs of civilization. Every station along the line leads to a region of picturesque beauty, with innumerable lakes and every attraction for tourists and fishermen. Fine hunting may also be had in this district. Val Morin Ste. Agathe Ivry St. Faustin St. Jovite Lac Mercier Labelle Nominingue Mont Laurier mm '^2_ -~-~x&*m»« "7 w-'' .^^^E?- 7-; X e-~y ~<^r^->-..>^ ~ Ste. Therese (Population 5,000) is a quaint little French- Canadian town, the junction point with the Montreal-Ottawa North Shore line. St. Jerome (Population 5,500) is a busy French-Canadian town, the business centre for a large number of agricultural and lumbering Fishing in the Laurentian Mountains villages. Large M lumber mills are located here and several manufacturing plants. Ste. Agathe (Population 2,800) is, from the standpoint of summer and winter sports, the capital of the Laurentian region. The town is located on the shores of beautiful Lac des Sables. Within a distance of eight miles there are thirty-three lakes, the picturesque and winding Lake Manitou being the nearest. The road north-east from Ste. Agathe runs to two of the largest and most beautiful lakes in the Laurentians, Lac Archambault and Lac Ouareau. Lac Mercier is on the shore of the lake of the same name and is overshadowed by Mont Tremblant. It gives access to Lac Tremblant, one of the larger lakes, which is surrounded by a fine palisade of hills that stretch from the head of the lake to where the hump-backed mastodon sleeps, seven miles beyond. Mont Laurier is the terminus of the line and gives access to Lac des lies and a very fine territory offering numerous attractions to those who seek the wilds—fishing, of the very best, and hunting. Other popular resorts are situated at or near Ste. Marguerite, St. Faustin, St. Jovite, etc. 46 Across Canada Chaudiere Falls, Ottawa Montreal to Ottawa via the North Shore: 120 miles Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Montreal Mile End Ste. Therese St. Augustin Ste. Scholastique Lachute Staynerville Calumet Fassett Papineauville Plaisance Buckingham Jct. East Templeton Hull Ottawa Besides the main line, the Canadian Pacific Railway operates a branch which links up the old towns and villages on the north shore of the Ottawa River with Montreal and Ottawa. From Place .Viger station, the line runs north across the Island of Montreal, the Rivieres des Prairies, He Jesus and the Riviere des Milles lies. The two rivers, which are two forks of the Ottawa River, are swift and full of tumultuous rapids where the line crosses, and magnificent views may be obtained from the two railway bridges. Many fine summer homes have been built along the beautifully wooded shores of the rivers. At Ste. Therese the North Shore line takes a westerly direction, while the Laurentian line which follows the same course to this point continues north. The railway skirts the Ottawa River, sometimes coming quite close, again drawing away so that one moment our eyes rest on the leafy green of the forest trees while the next they catch a glimpse of the silvery river. The trees in many places are especially lovely, and at Calumet, where the railway crosses the Riviere Rouge, the scenery is particularly pleasing. The villages are quaint and typically French-Canadian, and most of the industries are dependent on the lumbering trade. Not far from Buckingham Junction we meet the Riviere du Lievre as it flows into the Ottawa. With the exception of the Gatineau, this is the most important river draining the western Laurentian Mountains. Rising in the north, beyond Mont Laurier, it flows toward the south-west, roughly paralleling the Gatineau at an average distance of about twenty miles. Not far from Hull the line crosses the Gatineau River, and then the Ottawa River, the latter by a fine bridge which connects Hull with the city of Ottawa. Montreal—see page 4. St. Therese—see page 45. Lachute one of the most important points between Montreal and Ottawa, is the centre for all the little lumbering towns in the district. Its population is 2,400; it has several factories connected with the lumber trade. Lachute is well known as a training centre for school teachers. Buckingham Junction (Population 3,800) is the station for Buckingham, a few miles up the Riviere du Lievre. In the neighborhood there are phosphate, plumbago and mica mines, all of which are worked. Abundant electric power is also available. Hull—see page 8. Ottawa—see page 8. Branch Lines Ste. Therese to St. Lin, a prosperous agricultural town. Ste. Therese to St. Eustache, a popular summer resort on the north branch of the Ottawa River. i I I THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC Lake Memphremagog—Fishing in the Laurentian Lake District- Old-time Cottages—Kipawa—Winter Sports at Quebec City 48 AcrossCanada Ontario (Continued from page 12) "Old" Ontario is that part of the province south of the Ottawa River and Lake Nipissing, and lies like a wedge between Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron. The importance, commercially, to Ontario of these Great Lakes and the River St. Lawrence can scarcely be over-estimated. Old Ontario is one of the most beautiful and prosperous sections within the British Empire. For varied and high class agriculture the natural conditions are ideal. With excellent soil and a climate suited to a wide variety of products, farming has been the chief industry of its people since the first settlers started their primitive operations over one hundred years ago. Manufacturing is also an important industry; its cheap power, its abundance of raw material, combined with ample facilities for transportation, have made Ontario the chief manufacturing province in the Dominion. Lumbering also takes a high place among its industries, and exceeds that of any other portion of Canada. All the economic minerals, with the exception of coal, are found in the province. The silver mines at Cobalt, the gold mines at Porcupine and the nickel mines at Sudbury are among the richest in the world. Its fresh water fisheries, also, are valuable and extensive. The delightful climate of the province, the abundance of fishing, the natural beauty of many of its lakes and rivers, attract thousands of tourists each season, many of whom are permanent residents during the summer season. OTTAWA TO MANIWAKI: 82 miles (For Map, see page 9) Ottawa From Ottawa a branch line runs north through the beautiful valley of the Hull Gatineau. Crossingfrom Ottawa to Hull, one enters the valley, which present- Chelsea ly takes on the appearance characteristic of the whole—low rolling hills on the Cascades one hand, and on the other the silvery Gatineau, with "dead heads" here and Wakefield there serving to remind the traveller that the river carries one million logs to Alcove the mills at Ottawa every season. The railway line twists and turns with the Kazubazua windings of the river. Though summer gives the traveller but scant idea of the Gracefield enormous activity of the lumber trade which brings the shantymen from far Blue Sea and near to spend the long winter months in the forests which clothe the Burbidge Laurentian hills to their rounding summits, history tells us that even in the Maniwaki days of the "voyageur" lumbering was the industry of the Gatineau Valley. To-day, with the improvements made by modern ingenuity, it still holds first place; and though to the outsider the Gatineau Valley is a place to spend long, happy summers, to those who know it, it represents untold wealth and untiring effort. Chelsea, Cascades and Wakefield are popular summer resorts in the midst of a good agricultural territory. At Kazubazua is one of the best ticut streams in the Gatineau district. Blue Sea Lake is as blue as the Italian lakes; here and there one catches a glimpse of the pretty summer homes that line its edge. Maniwaki is exclusively a lumbering town, but with its pictuiesque bridges and beautiful church tower is very interesting. OTTAWA TO WALTHAM: 80 miles (For Map, see page 9) Ottawa From Ottawa an important line crosses the river and follows for a con- Hull dderable distance the north shore of the Ottawa River, reaching the Aylmer Waltham district. This region, like the Gatineau, is a great lumbering Quyon one: it is also a fine sporting country that affords excellent fishing, Aylmer, Wyman on Lake Deschene, is a popular summer resort for Ottawans. Quyon, one Shawville of the oldest settlements of the district, has back of it many lakes and Campbell's Bay streams offering fine fishing. The surrounding country is a rich and pro- Fort Coulonge ductive agricultural one, with Shawville as' one of the principal centres. Waltham Between Shawville and Campbell's Bay is a very beautiful valley, con sisting of rolling dowx s, dotted with large farm-houses. Campbell's Bay, facing Calumet Island, has fine pike, pickerel and bass fishing. Fort Coulonge is prettily situated at the junction of the Coulonge and Ottawa Rivers; the Ottawa is very calm and narrow here, and one mey ferry across to Pembroke, on the main line (see page 11). Waltham is within a short distance of some wonderful fishing waters, as well as being near Fort William, the summert resort opposite Petawawa. OTTAWA TO BEDELL: 32 miles Ottawa From Ottawa a branch runs south to Bedell and forms the route for the Ottawa- Kemptville Toronto service, through trains, day and night, being operated on this line. Bedell Close connection may also be made with the Peterboro-Toronto line. The line follows the Rideau Canal and River, from which it is never at a very great distance. Kemptville (population 1,300), on a branch of the Rideau River, hasa Government Demonstration Farm and Agricultural School. Bedell is on the main line of the Montreal- Toronto service. For Prescott—see page 49. OTTAWA TO SMITH'S FALLS: 49 miles Ottawa From Ottawa a branch runs south to Smith's Falls, providing Carleton Hull Place and other centres along the line with direct service to Toronto and Carleton Place also providing an alternative route between Smith's Falls and Ottawa. Smith's Falls From Smith's Falls close connection may be made via the Lake Shore or via Peterboro to Toronto. Connection may also be made to Montreal. For Brockville—see page 49. Eastern Ontario 49 Montreal to Toronto via Lake Shore Line: 340 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Montreal Vaudreuil St. Clet St. Polycarpe Jct Dalhousie Mills Apple Hill Finch Chesterville Winchester Bedell Merrickville Smith's Falls The traveller to Toronto, the second in importance of Canadian cities, is offered his choice of two routes— one via Belleville and the Lake Ontario shore line, the other via Peterboro and the Kawartha Lake district. Leaving Windsor Street station, the train follows the transcontinental main line as far as Vaudreuil (see page 7), after which it turns in a more south-westerly direction, passing through a beautiful farming country with many orchards and with here and there splendid tracts of original forest. The province of Quebec is left at Dalhousie Mills, and the province of Ontario entered. The counties of Glengarry and Stormont, through which we pass, were settled originally by British soldiers whose regiments had been disbanded in Canada. Amongst these were some Highland regiments; and therefore good historic old Scottish names are to be found plentifully in this part of the country. Rich pasture lands on either side of the line, and many fine herds of dairy cattle, are seen. Montreal—see page 4. Smith's Falls (Population 7,000) is the end of the Quebec operating district of the railway and the beginning of the Ontario district, and a junction point for many branches. It has a number of important industries; superior bricks are made here, and good building stone abounds. Agricultural machinery and other things are manufactured, the falls in the Rideau River affording ample water- power. This river, which rises near Lake Ontario and flows north into the Ottawa River, which it joins in the city of Ottawa, is the most important river of Eastern Ontario. Between its source and Rideau Ferry, near Smith's Falls, it expands into a beautiful series of lakes, forming one connected waterway that provides the summer cottager, motor-boater and fisherman with remarkable opportunities for enjoying whatever is his favorite pastime. Branch Lines St. Polycarpe Junction to Cornwall, on the St. %^|; Lawrence. This charming little city (population 8,000) is situated at the foot of the Cornwall Canal, a waterway built to overcome the Long Sault Rapids, and was established in 1784. It has a number of industrial establish- j ments utilizing the plentiful water- power that is available. Bedell to Ottawa—Page 48. Bedell to Prescott. This branch runs south through a prosperous mixed farming country to Prescott, an old historic town at the foot of lake navigation on the St. Lawrence. In 1812 the town played an important part in the war with the United States. It has a large elevator with a million-bushel capacity. A car ferry operates across the river to Ogdensburg, N.Y. Smith's Falls to Ottawa—via Carleton Place—Page 48. Smith's Falls to Brockville. This branch runs south-easterly to Brockville, at the eastern end of the famous \^^^^^^^^^^_ .^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^— Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence, Kingston which can be traversed in either direction by steamer. Brockville (population 9,500) is a prosperous town with a number of flourishing industries. It is the centre of a large dairying district, over two hundred cheese factories being represented on its cheese board. Brockville took its name from Sir Isaac Brock, the hero of the 1812 War, and is closely identified with the history of Canada. 50 Across Canada Belleville Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Perth Glen Tay Tichborne Roblindale Shannonville Belleville Trenton At Glen Tay the division takes place between the two routes to Toronto. Following the Lake Shore line, we take a south-westerly course toward the Bay of Quinte. The country through which we pass on leaving Glen Tay is in parts rugged and rocky, dotted with many lakes; in other areas, however, there are prosperous farms with stretches of field, meadow and scattered woodland. The railway skirts Crow Lake and Christie Lake, both stations for pretty summer resorts. After leaving Shannonville we approach the Bay of Quinte, a long narrow arm of water that winds in from Lake Ontario and into which several rivers fall. The bay is very beautiful and at several places may be seen from the train. Large deposits of marl, which is composed of ancient sea-shells disintegrated and is very valuable in connection with the manufacture of building materials, are found in this district, particularly near Roblindale. Perth (Population 4,500) is a prosperous town with pharmaceutical laboratories, textile mills and other manufacturing establishments. Quarries of fine building stone and deposits of feldspar, mica and phosphate are worked in the vicinity. It is also the centre of a fine cheese-producing area. Rideau Ferry, on the Rideau River, is about seven miles from Perth. There are a number of lakes within easy reach of Perth, which is becoming a popular summer resort. Belleville (Population 12,500) is the commercial and educational centre of a fertile dairy, grain and fruit-growing country. It has a busy industrial life, including large cement works, and there are talc and feldspar mines nearby, and limestone quarries. The city is beautifully located on the Bay of Quinte, and has fine black bass and maskinonge fishing. Samuel Champlain, the ubiquitous and insatiable discoverer, is reported to have wintered at Belleville, but it was not until United Empire Loyalist days that any considerable settlement was made. Trenton (Population 7,000), at the mouth of the Trent River, is near the west end of the Bay of Quinte. It is the southern terminus of the Trent Valley Canal, which links the Georgian Bay with Lake Ontario. North of the town and in the vicinity of Rice Lake were formerly the headquarters of the Mississauga Indians, a branch of the Ojibways. The neighboring waters afford good black bass and maskinonge fishing. There is a summer line to Twelve O'Clock Point Park, three miles distant on the western end of the Bay. Trenton is the seat of extensive lumber, milling and chemical industries, and the neighborhood also affords iron, limestone and marble. Branch Lines Tichborne to Renfrew—Page 10. Tichborne to Kingston. Kingston (population 22,000) is one of the oldest cities in Canada, having been founded by Count Frontenac as Fort Frontenac in 1673. Situated at the mouth of the Rideau River, and at the point where the St. Lawrence River expands into Lake Ontario, at the head of the Thousand Islands, it is an important port, with a number of large industries, including knitted goods and cottons. Queen's University is located in Kingston, also a well-known military college and a school of mines. In the vicinity are found large feldspar and mica mines. Kingston is a popular summer resort and the gateway to splendid fishing grounds. Indicates Double Track MONTREALto DETROIT 52 Across Canada Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Brighton Colborne Grafton Cobourg Port Hope Newtonville Newcastle Bowmanville Oshawa Whitby Agincourt Leaside Jct. Don Toronto out has a very After leaving Trenton we are soon within sight of Lake Ontario, with its sparkling, wind-swept reach of blue waters. Lake Ontario has neither the spaciousness of Lake Huron nor the limitless horizons of Lake Superior; it is a smaller, milder lake, tamed to human companionship by the settlements that dot its shores. But the tonic of the lake-purified breezes, and the wonderful stretches tf safe sandy beach along its prettily wooded bays, are great attractions for summer cottagers, and a succession of summer resorts alternate with prosperous manufacturing towns. The shore line of Lake Ontario is the oldest settled part of the province. The towns through which the line passes are solid well-established communities, embowered in trees and surrounded by rich agricultural regions. The district is well-known for its fine apples, and the country through- attractive appearance. Brighton (Population 1,500) is a beautiful town close to Presqu'Ile Point, with a splendid bathing beach, good bass fishing, duck-shooting and a fine breezy atmosphere. It has become a popular summer resort. Cobourg (Population 5,500) a picturesque little town, is a popular summer resort, especially for Americans, with fine-sanded sloping beaches, good boating and golfing. Twelve miles north is Rice Lake, which can be reached by auto stage (see page 54). Cobourg has a fine harbor, and is a busy grain-exporting port. The Beach at Cobourg Port Hope (Population 5,000) is the most important harbor on the Canadian side of Lake Ontario between Toronto and Kingston. The surrounding district is a good fruit-farming one, and the town has several industries. Port Hope possesses a good bathing beach, while, as one of the gateways to the Kawartha Lake region, it is a stop-over point for devotees of the rod and gun. Bowmanville (Population 3,500) is the centre of a rich apple-growing, mixed farming and dairying country, with a large rubber industry and other factories. It has a fine natural harbor, capable of accommodating large lake vessels. Oshawa (Population 16,320) is a busy manufacturing city, with large carriage, automobile and other plants, and is supplied with power from the Trent River. Here, in pioneer days, was the beginning of the portage from Lake Ontario to Scugog Lake, and the name of Oshawa is an Indian one, meaning "the carrying place." Whitby is the site of a well-known educational institution, the Ontario Ladies' College. Toronto If we are going into the Union station at Toronto, we cross the River Don and then turn abruptly westward along the shore of Lake Ontario. Some Canadian Pacific trains, however, use another station, Yonge Street (North Toronto) situated on the well-known thoroughfare of that name. Yonge Street Station is one of the handsomest in Canada, combining beauty and artistic properties with utilitarian features, and designed in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The building is of grey limestone, and has a beautiful clock-tower 140 feet high. (For descriptive notes of Toronto, see page 14; and for journey from Toronto to Chicago, page 61). V Old Ontario 53 Lift Lock, Peterboro Montreal to Toronto, via Peterboro: 339 miles Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Montreal Smith's Falls Glen Tay Sharbot Lake Ardendale Kaladar Sulphide Tweed Havelock Norwood Montreal-Toronto trains which go by the Peterboro and Kawartha Lakes route use the same line as the Lake Shore trains as far as Glen Tay. Branching off at Gley Tay on what is the older and northerly route, we travel for about one hundred miles through country that is more or less broken by rocky uplifts and largely covered with timber. North of the railway line, at an elevation varying from one to two thousand feet, are the "Frontenac Highlands," presenting a type of country that is not found elsewhere in the older parts of Ontario—wilderness country, where settlement is comparatively sparse but wild life very undisturbed, where extensive stretches of almost virgin forest and large lakes of rugged and picturesque beauty together form a "backwoods" region within easier reach than usual of civilization. Iron, phosphate, asbestos and other valuable minerals are found here. Toward Tweed the country becomes more settled and we enter a rich farming and dairying district. Montreal—see page 4. Smith's Falls—see page 49. Sharbot Lake is a railway centre on one of the most charming lakes of the region. It gives access to fine fishing country, especially for bass and pickerel (dore). North from Sharbot Lake is the Calabogie country, reached by the Renfrew branch (see page 10). At Calabogie itself, on the Madawaska River black bass fishing has always been good; this is also good country for deer, duck and partridge. Kaladar is the station for Lake Mazinaw, a fine sporting region about eighteen miles north. Bon Echo, a charmingly situated tourist resort, reached by motor trip over a good road, is located on this lake. On the east side of Lake Mazinaw, rising abruptly from its surface, is an unusual and dominating feature—a magnificent cliff of granite, two miles long and about 400 feet high. Mazinaw affords safe bathing on several fine beaches; many interesting canoe trips may also be taken. Good fishing (small-mouthed bass, lake trout, etc.), and deer and partridge in season may also be obtained. Within fifteen miles are almost seventy lakes accessible by road or canoe. Tweed (Population 1,400) on the Moira River, a logging stream, has deposits of granite in the neighborhood. It has numerous small industries and is the centre of an extensive agricultural district. Havelock " is a railway sub-divisional point. The finest part of the Trent River may be reached from here. The Trent River forms the last link in the Trent waterway system which connects Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. The river runs from the eastern end of Rice Lake in a circuitous course toward Lake Ontario, which it enters at Trenton. Branch Lines Sharbot Lake south to Kingston—Page 50. Sharbot Lake north to Renfrew—Page 10. 54 Across Canada Grain Elevators, Port McNicoll Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. At Peterboro we reach the Otonabee River. The river is part of the Trent waterway system, two hundred and fifty miles of channelled lakes and rivers from Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario. At this point there is a drop of 150 feet within a few miles, affording an immense water-power that is utilized by numerous industries. The connecting link between the two levels is overcome by an immense lock— the highest hydraulic lock in the world—which will lift a vessel from the lower to the higher level in two minutes. Peterboro Dranoel Pontypool Burketon Jct Claremont Agincourt Toronto Peterboro (Population 22,000), on the Otonabee River, is the birthplace of a famous canoe which has carried the name of "Peterboro" to all parts of the world where youth enjoys itself in water sports. The city is the home of many industries, including a large milling plant, electrical factory, woollen mills, dairy machinery, etc. One of the Provincial Normal Schools is located here. Peterboro is the eastern gateway to the Kawartha Region. (See also page 60). Motor bus services connect Peterboro with some of the lake-side points, supplemented by motor boat services, while good roads also connect Peterboro and Lakefield with many other resorts. Rice Lake usually considered as one of the Kawartha chain of lakes, is reached by a delightful sail down the Otonabee River from Peterboro. The immense wild rice beds of Rice Lake make it a natural home for wild duck. Toronto—see page 14. Branch Line—Dranoel to Port McNicoll Dranoel Lindsay Orillia Medonte Port McNicoll This branch runs in a northwesterly direction and affords direct connection between Peterboro, Lindsay, Orillia and Georgian Bay. Until Medonte is reached the line runs through splendid agricultural country. From this point, however, the farming areas are tess frequent and less extensive, the land becoming rougher and rockier. Medonte is on the Toronto-Sudbury line (see page 16). Lindsay—see page 60. Orillia is one of the most attractive summer towns of Old Ontario. Situated at the junction of Lakes Simcoe and Couchiching, the town has thirteen miles of water-front within its municipal borders. On the lovely strait which connects the two lakes are several good summer hotels and charming summer homes nestling among the trees, while there is good boating, bathing, fishing, duck-shooting and golf. Port McNicoll on Georgian Bay, is one of the two eastern terminals of the Canadian Pacific Great Lakes Steamship service. A large grain elevator with a capacity of 4,200,000 bushels and all the latest facilities go to make this new port one of the finest of the Great Lakes. Fishing and shooting in the vicinity are good; and the boating amongst the islands cannot be surpassed. Branch Lines Burketon Junction to Lindsay, Bobcaygeon and the Kawartha Lakes— Page 60. The Niagara Peninsula 55 Toronto to Hamilton and New York: 539 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going south, read station names downward. Going north, read upward. Toronto From Toronto through trains run to New York via the Cana- Sunnyside dian Pacific Railway, T.H.&B.Ry., M.C.R., and N.Y.C. Hamilton Leaving Toronto, a rapid run is made to Hamilton, in full Welland view all the time of Lake Ontario. From Hamilton to Well- . and we run over the rails of the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway. The line climbs the height of land which extends eastwards from Hamilton and from the elevation thus secured a magnificent view may be obtained of the fruit and grape orchards along that part of the Niagara Peninsula, their regularity and symmetry giving the country much the same appearance as a huge green checkerboard. Toronto—see page 14. Hamilton (Popu- lati on 121,000) is beautifully situated at the head of the navigation of the lake, on a landlocked arm named Hamilton Bay. It is one of Canada's most progressive cities, sufficiently so to justify its claim to the title of the "Ambitious City." It is the third manu- facturingcityof Canada as regards value of output, for in recent years, in addition to the large number of native industries that have established themselves here, there have also been numerous branches established of important United States factories. With cheap electric power, natural gas, and excellent shipping facilities by both rail and water, the city has close to 800 manufacturing plants. It is situated, also, in the heart of the productive fruit belt of the Niagara Peninsula, in the centre of the Provincial Government's system of permanent highways, and as a distributing centre serves a large area. To a great extent, however, Hamilton has escaped being a mere "factory town," for it has preserved the characteristics of a charming residential city. It nestles in a green valley at the foot of what is by courtesy called "The Mountain," with beautiful water vistas obtainable at many points. It has handsome public buildings, very attractive residential- sections, and tree-bordered streets. Burlington Beach, where the bay joins the lake, is a very popular bathing and boating resort, with many other beauty spots in close proximity, such as Dundurn Park, the Stony Creek Battlefield, etc. The site of Hamilton was discovered by the French explorer LaSalle in 1669, although no settlement was attempted until about a hundred years later. George Hamilton, who gave the city its name, made the first survey in 1813, at which time the village numbered only 130 souls. The Niagara Peninsula is one of the most beautiful and fertile fruitgrowing districts in the British Empire. Here peaches and grapes are grown extensively, and cherries, apples, plums, pears and small fruits yield bountiful crops. Probably nowhere else in Canada are scientific cultivation, exceptional soil and climate, Branch Lines Hamilton to Guelph Junction on the Toronto-Windsor line—Page 61. Hamilton to Biantford—via Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway—Page 61. Hamilton 56 Across Canada Niagara Falls Going south, read station names downward. Going north, read upward. Welland Niagara Falls Buffalo New York From Welland we may go direct to Buffalo via Bridgeburg and the Michigan Central Railroad; or we may go via Njagara Falls. From Buffalo the New York Central carries us through Rochester, Syracuse, Utiea and Schenectady to Albany, and thence down the eastern shore of the Hudson River to New York. Several through trains a day are run in each direction. easy transit, co-operative marketing, and nearby markets found in such favorable combination as in this section of Ontario. Large canning factories handling both fruit and vegetables are to be found in many centres. Welland (Population 9,500) is a flourishing industrial centre on the Welland Ship Canal, which provides a safe waterway for vessels between Lakes Ontario and Erie, the Niagara River being of course unnavigable. Niagara Falls (Population 12,000) is an important industrial city quite apart from its proximity to the famous Falls. The district is vividly associated with Canadian history, for it was near, here, at Cayuga Creek, that LaSalle launched the first sailing vessel to spread sail on the Great Lakes, while the War of 1812 produced the outstanding figure of General Sir Isaac Brock, hero of the battle of Queenston Heights. The Falls of Niagara Niagara Falls still retain their hold upon the imagination and interest of everyone, and are annually the Mecca for hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, not only from North America, but from all parts of the world. There are, it is true, waterfalls of greater height in the world, as well as some which are situated amongst scenery of greater splendour, but the immense volume of water and the sheer descent of the unbroken plunge give to Niagara a grandeur which height alone cannot impart. The tumultuous rapids above the falls, and the deep gorge and rapids below, add much to the impressiveness of the scene. In addition to their aesthetic and spectacular value, Niagara waters now play a most important part in the domestic, commercial and industrial life of communities in both Canada and the United States because of the enormous amount of electrical power that is developed. The actual amount of water available at the Falls for the generation of power is governed by a treaty between Great Britain and the United States; the present diversion permitted totals 56,000 cubic feet per second, or about one-quarter of the total flow in the Niagara River. The total amount of power generated on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in 1924 was about 700,000 horse power. Branches from Toronto 57 Toronto to Wingham and Teeswater: 130 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Toronto Streetsville Jct Brampton Cataract Orangeville Fraxa Arthur Mount Forest Harriston Wingham Teeswater Leaving Toronto we follow the Toronto-Windsor line for 21 miles as far as Streetsville Junction, where we leave it to turn in a north-westerly direction. Just beyond Cataract we join the Owen Sound line and travel over it as far as Fraxa, where we turn directly west, continuing to pass a succession of prosperous small towns. Brampton (population 4,600) is the centre of a very rich dairy and apple-growing district. It has numerous industries, including several cut- flower nurseries, one of which covers an area of 24 acres. Mount Forest (population 2,000) has manufactures of threshing machines, etc. Harriston (population 1,500) on the Maitland River, makes caskets, stoves and furniture. At Wingham Junction the line divides, one branch running north to Glenannan and Teeswater, the other south to Wingham. The latter is a very busy town of 2,500 inhabitants with several small industries. Branch Line Cataract to Fergus and Elora. Fergus (pop^ation 2,000) on the Grand River, has manufactures of farm accessories and building stone. Elora has also deposits of. limestone of very high quality and manufactures furniture. Toronto to Owen Sound: 121 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Toronto Bolton Caledon Melville Orangeville Fraxa Shelburne Dundalk Saugeen Flesherton Markdale Chatsworth Owen Sound Leaving Union Station, the route is for some miles that to Sudbury, until at Bolton we branch off and turn eastward. From Caledon onwards we find ourselves in one of the highest parts of Old Ontario—"the roof of Ontario," as it has been called. Orangeville (population 3,100) is a very prosperous community with several industries, including woollen mills. In fact, the country through which we are passing is a succession of very thriving small industrial centres, set in the midst of a rich and fertile agricultural area. The line continues in a north-westerly direction through several fine towns, and terminates at the city of Owen Sound, situated on an arm of Georgian Bay at the mouth of the Sydenham River. Owen Sound (Population 12,500) is one of the two eastern terminals of the Canadian Pacific Great Lakes Steamship services, and splendidly equipped steamers leave here regularly during the summer season for Port Arthur and Fort William. The city has a fine, well-protected harbor, the sound being twelve miles long and navigable for the largest vessels. The beach nearby is a popular summer resort. A large number of industries are located here, the principal being iron and steel, furniture, agricultural implements, woollen mills, brick making, etc. Electric power is obtained from Eugenia Falls, 30 miles distant on the Beaver River. Branch Lines Saugeen to Durham, Hanover and Walkerton, all situated on the Saugeen River, which falls into Lake Huron. Furniture manufacturing is an important business ia each town, in which there are also ■3^^^m.. ,_, _ several other industries. Inglis Falls, near Owen Sound 58 Across C anada ■IF *3% iff^m SL + * Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph Toronto to Goderich: 135 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going north, read station names downward. Going south, read upward. Toronto Guelph Jct Guelph Elmira Linwood Millbank Goderich The branch to Guelph and Goderich serves one of the most prosperous agricultural and industrial sections of Ontario. The Toronto-Windsor line is followed as far as Guelph Junction, whence the branch leads in a north-westerly direction to Guelph; thence it continues in a westward direction through a very fertile and productive country towards Lake Huron. Huron County has many fine farms. The growing of flax, for seed and for its fibre, has recently received a great deal of attention in this region. Guelph (Population 19,000) is the home of one of the best known institutions of its kind in the world, the Ontario Agricultural College. This college, which has large grounds and handsome buildings just outside the city, has an average of 1,200 students, both men and women, from many countries. The city, which was named after the British Royal Family, was founded as far back as 1827, and in its laying-out a very successful attempt at town-planning was made, with the result that Guelph has a much more spacious atmosphere than numerous cities that are considerably bigger. It is built on a series of hills around the River Speed, one of the hills dominated by a very striking church. Guelph has a very busy industrial life, and is a noted centre for grey iron castings; it also has a large linen mill. TheOntario Wmter Provincial Fair, held at Guelph, is an annual event which attracts a large attendance, and is one of the best sheep shows in Canada, through trams between Hamilton and Guelph via Guelph Junction are run daily. Elmira (Population 2,250) is a busy industrial town, making several manufactured articles. It is the centre of a thriving: agricultural area. Goderich (Population 4,500) is situated on the east coast of Lake Huron, at the mouth of the Maitland River, which is crossed by a fine bridge just before entering the town. Situated on a high plateau Goderich gains the full benefit of the breezes that make summer by the lakeside so refreshing, and has become a popular summer resort. There is a lovely park overlooking the harbor, and both bathing and fishing are good. Large deposits of salt are found in the yicnnty, and provide one of the principal industries, another of which is that of flour milling. Many of the large grain steamers deposit their cargoes here. Branch Line Linwood to Listowel (population 2,500) which has a large dyeing industry in THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO Golf at Kenora—Lake of the Woods—Bass Fishing, French River Ontario Ladies' College, Whitby—Brantford 60 Across Canada On the Kawartha Lakes Toronto to Lindsay, Bobcaygeon and the Kawartha Lakes: 85 miles Toronto Burketon Jct. Lindsay Bobcaygeon This branch follows the Peterboro route of the Toronto- Montreal main line as far as Burketon Junction, where it turns north to Lindsay and then north-east to Bobcaygeon, the central gateway to the Kawartha Lakes. Kawartha is an Indian word signifying j 'Bright Waters and Happy Lands. \ \ The Kawartha Lakes comprise fourteen beautiful stretches of water— Scugog, Sturgeon, Cameron, Balsam, Pigeon, Bald, Sandy, Buckhorn, Chemong, Deer, Lovesick, Stony, Clear and Katchewanooka, to which may be added Rice Lake, twenty miles down the Otonabee River from Peterboro. This chain of lakes aggregates over one hundred and fifty miles and constitutes one of the most popular of Ontario's summer playgrounds. The lakes, six hundred feet above Lake Ontario, enjoy climatic conditions that are both agreeable and healthy. There are almost unlimited opportunities for sailing, canoeing, yachting, and motor-boating, while the district is well served by good roads for motoring. Pigeon Lake has an altitude of 806 feet above sea-level, and Stony Lake an altitude of 774 feet. The Kawartha Lakes are particularly attractive to the fisherman, especially for small- mouth bass and maskinonge, which are caught in the larger lakes, while there is good fishing for speckled trout in some of the smaller lakes. Toronto—see page 14. Lindsay - (Population 8,000) on the Scugog River is a busy little manufacturing point with a Dominion Government arsenal. The neighborhood provides fine scenery and good hunting and fishing, making the town a popular summer resort. Bobcaygeon stands near the narrow channel that connects Sturgeon Lake with Pigeon,-and is itself a resort unequalled for the city family. Good motor roads radiate in every direction and boating, bathing, golf and tennis are at one's doorstep. From Bobcaygeon west one can quickly reach Sturgeon Lake, which in beauty rivals any in the Kawartha chain. Within fairly easy reach either by launch or by automobile are Sturgeon Point, Sandy Point, and Fenelon Falls, which last-named stands at the junction of the lake with Cameron Lake. From the southern end of Sturgeon Lake the Scugog River flows into Scugog Lake. Branch Line Lindsay to Peterboro, Orillia and Port McNicoll—Page 54. Toronto to Ottawa: 263 miles Direct service, with first-class equipment, is provided between Toronto and Ottawa, several day and night trains being operated. The routes are via either the Lake Shore or Peterboro, according to the train (see pages 49 and 53). Western Ontario 61 Galt Toronto to Windsor: 226 miles (For Map, see page 51) Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Toronto West Toronto Lambton Islington Cooksville Erindale Streetsville Milton The journey from Toronto to Windsor, through the Western Ontario peninsula, is pleasant and extremely interesting and introduces the traveller to a well-settled territory, including some exceedingly fertile and prosperous farming country and a number of thriving industrial centres, several of considerable size. Leaving the Union station, the train for some time runs through the suburbs of Toronto. Lambton and Islington, though not an integral part of Campbellville Toronto, are outlying residential suburbs, the train service Guelph Jct. bring supplemented by tram and auto-bus service to these Galt points. Lambton has a well-known golf club. The old village of Cooksville had the first vinery and urine-making establishment in the district. Streetsville was once the scene of great lumbering activity, being located beside what were once the rapids of the River Credit. -4.- Toronto—see page 14. From Toronto to Montreal—see pages 49-54- Galt (Population 13,000) is a city which is not only a busy indus trial centre but also an attractive residential community. The industrial section, comprising some seventy_manufacturing plants, is located in the valley along the banks of the Grand River. The products of these industries include engines, boilers, iron and woodworking machinery, woollen and knitted goods, paper boxes and many other varied products. The residential districts on the higher slopes above the valley are very attractive. Many of the public buildings, churches and residences are built of stone, giving the city an air of substantial permanence. Several beautiful parks enhance the attractiveness of the residential districts. Branch Lines Streetsville Junction to Elora, Orangeville, Wingham and Teeswater— Page 57. Guelph Junction to Guelph and Goderich—Page 58, and Hamilton—Page 55. (Grand River Railway) Galt to Preston, Hespeler, Kitchener and Waterloo. This line, operating in close connection with the Canadian Pacific, serves an intensive industrial section and a magnificent agricultural district. Preston has some very well-known mineral springs. Kitchener (population 22,000) and its sister city, Waterloo, besides possessing other industries, together form the principal furniture centre of Canada. (Lake Erie and Northern Railway). Galt to Paris, Brantford, Waterford, Simcoe, and Port Dover. Paris (population 5,000) has a large knitted-goods industry. Brantford (population 33,000) derives its name from a celebrated Indian chief of the Six Nations tribe. It is also noteworthy in another direction as the birthplace of the telephone, and a monument commemorating Dr. Alexander Graham Bell and his invention has been erected at the inventor's old homestead. The city is an important manufacturing one, with a very large output of agricultural implements. Simcoe has a large canning factory. Port Dover, on Lake Erie, has fisheries and nurseries, and is also a popular bathing resort. 62 Across Canada London, Ontario Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Ayr Splendid farms, flourishing villages and thriving towns Drumbo are found all along this route, the whole country showing Innerkip evidences of prosperity. Most of this Western Ontario Woodstock peninsula is of fairly old settlement. Old Country names abound, and reveal the nationality of the pioneers as English and Scottish, who perpetuated their affection for their motherland by bestowing such names upon what were then dense forests. London, for example, is on the River Thames in Middlesex county. Zorra was settled by a colony of Highlanders in 1820. Zorra Thamesford London Woodstock (Population 11,000) is situated in the rich agricultural county of Oxford, at the east end of the beautiful Thames Valley. It is a great market place, the produce of farm and garden being handled in large quantities, while its industries have a big output. Noteworthy amongst them are organs, pianos, furniture, and textile products. Woodstock is regarded by its admirers as the prettiest inland city of Ontario, its tree-shaded streets being delightful. London (Population 61,800) suffers somewhat by the inevitable comparison which the visitor makes with the Old World metropolis, for it not only carries the same name but also pushes the parallel much farther, possessing many streets with names famous in the English capital, such as Cheapside, Piccadilly, and Pall Mall. This condition is due partly to the fact that the site of London was originally intended by Governor Simcoe, in the early days of last century, for that of the capital of the province of Upper Canada. But the parallel ends in these names, for London is essentially a Canadian city. It is the commercial, financial and educational centre of the prosperous Western Ontario peninsula, and a manufacturing and distributing point of considerable importance. Its industries number over 450; these include rolling mill products, motor trucks, agricultural implements, boots and shoes, petroleum refineries and brick and tile works. It is the seat of the Western University and of one of the Provincial Normal Schools. Surrounding London is a fertile and well-cultivated agricultural country. The city is a very attractive one, with fine public buildings, large parks, and a charming residential section. London "grew up" as a backwoods settlement created by pioneers, and attained the rank of a city in 1855. During the last thirty years it has witnessed a very striking growth in its industrial life. Within an hour's ride on an electric line is Port Stanley, a very popular bathing and summer resort on Lake Erie. Branch Lines Woodstock to Ingersoll and St. Thomas. Ingersoll (population 5,500) is a pretty town that is linked with a well-known brand of cheese that bears its name; it also produces other kinds of dairy products and textiles. St. Thomas (population 18,000) is a busy city at which a number of railways concentrate, with several thriving industries. From Ingersoll a branch runs to Tillsonburg (population 3,500), an old-established town with both agricultural and industrial interests, and Port Burwell, a coaling station at the mouth of the Otter River, on Lake Erie. Zorra to St. Mary's, a town (population 4,000) that is beautifully situated on the Thames River, with several large industries and large stone quarries and cement works. -■j . The Border Citie 63 Windsor Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. London Glencoe Chatham Tilbury Belle River Walkerville Windsor The counties of Middlesex, Kent and Essex, which lie between London and Windsor, are very prosperous. Many salt wells are found in this area, from which brine is obtained and evaporated to obtain the commercial product. In Kent and Essex tobacco is extensively grown. Both the soil and the climate are found to be suitable to its cultivation and the product is a very fair quality. Continuing westward we reach Lake St. Clair and the southern extremity of Canada. Lake St. Clair is very shallow, and only by dredging is the channel kept open between the St. Clair River, which connects it with Lake Huron and the Detroit River, which connects it with Lake Erie. Glencoe (Population 1,000) serves a fine farming district. Several sawmills and door factories are located here. Chatham (Population 16,000) is the centre of a prosperous agricultural section producing large crops of fruit, tobacco, sugar beets and flax. It has the second largest sugar beet factory on this continent, with a capacity of from 1,200 to 1,500 tons per day, a large packing plant, wagon-manufacturing plant, and large automobile industries. It is a pretty city, with charming maple-lined streets, fine parks, and many educational institutions. Tilbury (Population 2,000) is the centre of a fertile farming district which also supplies timber, crude oil, flax, fruits and vegetables. There are large natural gas wells in the vicinity from which upwards of twelve million feet a year are produced. Border Cities These comprise Riverside, Ford, Walkerville, Windsor, Sandwich and Ojibway, the total population being 67,000. They are situated along the shores of the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair, opposite the American city of Detroit. During the past ten years this community has increased more rapidly than any other in Canada. Hydro-electric power is available; coal may be brought in at a low rate via the Great Lakes. Civic service facilities are strictly up-to-date and the district is easy of access from the United States. This has resulted in marked industrial development, there being two hundred and six operating plants in these centres. It is not surprising, in view of the fact that Detroit is "America's Great Motoropolis," that over forty cf these plants in the Border Cities are engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, motor-trucks, etc. Windsor is the largest city, with a population of 40,000. Ferries operate between Windsor and Detroit and also serve a number of charming summer resorts along the river. The trains, however, use the Michigan Central Tunnel underneath the river. The surrounding district is exceedingly fertile and picturesque, with a most genial climate and a long growing season. Agricultural prosperity in this district is as marked as the industrial development of the cities. 64 Across Canada iP*sp Detroit Windsor to Chicago: 286 miles Michigan Central Railroad Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Windsor Detroit Ann Arbor Jackson Battle Creek Kalamazoo Niles Gary Chicago The journey to Chicago is continued from Windsor to Chicago over the Michigan Central Railroad. Passing under the Detroit River from Windsor through reinforced steel tubes, we reach Detroit. The journey continues thereafter through a succession of very prosperous smaller cities. Ann Arbor is a great educational centre. Jackson is a rapidly developing industrial and commercial city. Battle Creek has a Well known sanatorium and manufactures many brands of health food. Kalamazoo has extensive manufacturing industries, and is the centre of a large celery and peppermint growing territory. Niles, on the St. Joe River, is one of Michigan's oldest cities, and was, in the early days, the western terminal of the Michigan Central. Gary, widely known as the Steel City, was a desert of sand less than twenty-five years ago, but now boasts of a population of almost 60,000. Detroit (Population 1,234,000), the fouith largest city of the United States, is an attractive and rapidly growing city that is famous as the centre of the automobile business of that country, and almost of the entire world. It has an immense production of cars, and also of drugs, tobacco and shoes. Chicago is the second largest city of the United States. Beautifully situated overlooking Lake Michigan, it has the high skyscrapers and busy streets that endow it with the typically American atmosphere. It has a great industrial area, many very attractive residential sections, and rapidly developing extensions of the central commercial district. It is one of the most important railway centres of the continent, has imposing public buildings and office structures, and a fine shopping district. It is the headquarters of the meatpacking industry of the continent. The journey beyond Chicago is continued in the "Western Lines" edition of this publication. Across the Great Lakes 65 Great Lakes Steamship Trip Port McNicoll and Owen Sound to Fort William (For Map, see page 19) Toronto During the summer months an extremely agreeable Port McNicoll variation to the railway journey to western Canada is a Owen Sound trip up the Great Lakes on board a Canadian Pacific Sault Ste. Marie steamship. These ships ply from Port McNicoll to Port Arthur Fort William twice a week, and from Owen Sound Fort William once a week. The trip takes a little less than two days. The steamers are Clyde-built, offering luxurious accommodation for three hundred passengers. They have spacious decks, airy cabins, daintily furnished ladies' rooms, splendid smoking rooms, and commodious dining rooms, with a sheltered after-deck which is a verandah- cafe, lounging place, and outdoor dance-room. Port McNicoll—see page 54. Owen Sound—see page 57. Across the Great Lakes Plenty of breezes, beautiful scenery, and a comfortable ship-life make this journey one to have a permanent place in the memory. The route is across the Georgian Bay through the Thirty Thousand Islands into Lake Huron, past Manitoulin Island, the largest of that lake, through the Soo Canal, and thence across Lake Superior. In the long twilight the dark islands slip past, while the cries of the birds and the soft lapping of the waves against the side of the ship lull one into a dreamy repose. Morning breaks over the still, green banks of the St. Mary's River, gay with cottages. Soon we enter St. Mary's Channel, and the well-known canal and locks which are identified with Sault Ste. Marie, otherwise and better known as "The Soo." The Soo To overcome the long, dangerous rapids of the St. Mary's River which at Sault Ste. Marie is compressed into a very narrow channel two canals have been built, one on the Canadian and one on the American side. The Canadian Government canal, built from 1888 to 1895 at a cost of about four million dollars, is 7,472 feet long, with a lock 900 feet long and 60 feet wide, raising the water level eighteen feet. The traffic through the canal is mostly western grain and iron-ore coming down the Great Lakes. Sault Ste. Marie could really be called the pulse of the grain traffic, for all the vast volume of water-borne grain traffic passes through one of these canals, in long steamers built especially for the business. This fleet, in fact, can move more than eight million bushels of wheat simultaneously in one voyage. A greater volume of tonnage has in some years been registered in these two canals than in either the Suez or the Panama. Across Lake Superior Leaving the canal, we sail under the large bascule bridge over which the Soo branch of the Canadian Pacific from Sudbury crosses the river. Swinging into Whitefish Bay, we enter the majestic Lake Superior, across which we travel for over eighteen hours, losing sight of land entirely. This is perhaps the most delightful part of the journey, for we have made numerous acquaintances, we have cooled off, and we have acquired some startling appetites. Presently, however, we begin to near shore. One of the most striking headlands is Thunder Cape, a huge promontory that juts out into the lake. In a short time thereafter, we sight the giant elevators of the "twin cities" of Port Arthur and Fort William, the outlet of the great grain crops of Western Canada. Port Arthur—see page 22. g$£ Fort William—see page 22. 66 Across Canada A Pulp and Paper Mill Sudbury to Sault Ste. Marie: 179 miles (For Map, see page 19) Going west, read station names downward. Going east, read upward. Sudbury Copper Cliff Whitefish Worthington Espanola Webbwood Massey Cutler Blind River Thessalon Desbarats Sault Ste. Marie An important branch line leaves the main line at Sudbury, and runs in a south-westerly direction to Sault Ste. Marie. It traverses the great Mississauga Forest Reserve, a block of land 4,896 square miles in extent, exceedingly rich in lumber resources and to some extent in minerals. The country here is wild and broken, a land of stern rocky hills and swift eddying rivers, and the enthusiast for outdoor life will find through this region some of the finest opportunities anywhere on this continent. After leaving Webbwood, a railway sub-divisional point, we enter the country on the shore of Lake Huron. Evidences of its chief industry, lumbering, are to be seen all along the line. All the rivers which the railway crosses—the Spanish, the Blind, the Thessalon and other important streams—carry great quantities of logs to the waters of Lake Huron, on whose shores they are converted into commercial products. Soon we find ourselves in pleasant farming country, and through trees and cottages catch the silvery gleam of the St. Mary's River, which we follow for some time to Sault Ste. Marie. Sudbury—see page 13. Copper Cliff is the location of the Creighton Mine, owned by the International Nickel Company. It is the largest nickel mine in the world. It is linked up with Copper Cliff by about eight miles of good auto road. Whitefish is the gateway to Lake Penage, which affords some of the best bass fishing in Canada. At Worthington one of the Mond nickel mines is located and near by, at Turbine, the International Nickel Company runs a standard railway into their power plant. Espanola (Population 4,000) has a large mill operated by the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, 300 tons of newsprint being produced daily. Cutler affords a convenient point from which to take steamer to Manitoulin Island, another great sporting district that lies in the North Channel of Lake Huron. Blind River is the usual terminus of the long canoe trip down the Mississauga River from Biscotasing (see page 20). It is a great lumbering centre, with planing mills, and box and door factories. Desbarats is a popular summer resort, not far from Sault Ste. Marie, and is the port for St. Joseph's Island. ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES Canadian Pacific Bridge at the Soo—On Lake Superior The Canadian Locks, Soo Canal—Thunder Cape — Steamship "Assiniboia" 68 Across Canada Sault Ste. Marie (Population 28,000) is an important city that lies on the St. Mary's River, which separates it from the twin'city of the same name situated in the State of Michigan. Historically Sault Ste. Marie has great interest. The first settlement was formed by French fur-traders and Jesuit Fathers about 1632.1 The city has great steel mills, paper mills, and large tar and chemical factories. Sault Ste. Marie is a port of call for the Canadian Pacific Great Lakes steamship service. (A description of the remarkable Sault Ste. Marie Canal will be found on page 65). The St. Mary's River, a very rapid one with dangerous rapids, is bridged by nine 240-f t. through truss spans. On the Canadian side the Canadian canal is crossed by a swing span 410 feet long, and on the American side, the United States canals are crossed by a 98-ft. swing span and a 430-ft. bascule span. This latter span is the only one of its kind in the world; the two arms are so locked together in the centre, when the bridge is closed, that the trusses act as a single span from pier to pier, but when canal traffic demands it, this huge span automatically uncouples in the centre and the two halves open upwards on their trunnions like two gigantic cranes. 500 Line Sault Ste. Marie to St. Paul and Minneapolis 501 miles Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. From Sault Ste. Marie the Minneapolis, St. Manistique Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway, better known Gladstone as the "Soo Line," crosses the St. Martfs Rhinelander River to the duplicate city of the same name that Prentice lies in the State of Michigan. Leaving it behind, Cameron we run through a prosperous and settled farming Osceola territory. Shortly before reaching St. Paul, St. Paul we cross the St. Croix River, the boundary line Minneapolis between the States of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Dalles, which may be seen from the train, have been set aside by both states as an interstate park. Connection is made at Minneapolis and St. Paul for points north, south and west. I Sault Ste. Marie to Duluth: 420 miles Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. The Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway Marquette affords a direct line from Sault Ste. Marie to Negaunee the fast developing commercial centres of Duluth Ishpeming and Superior, at the extreme south-western Nestoria corner of Lake Superior. The territory traversed Superior is historic, much of it having been explored by Duluth the early French voyageurs, who were the first to map the south shore line of Lake Superior. It is a country, too, which is rich in minerals, particularly iron and copper. Many of the mines may be viewed from the train, and form an unusually interesting scene for those who are making their first step through a mining country. Minneapolis Canadian Ilteiflc Twenty Thousand I miles of railway in Canada and the United States—reaching the principal agricultural, industrial and commercial regions, as well as the most wonderful mountain scenery and hunting and fishing territory in the world. Two Fleets j of ocean steamships—the Empresses of the Pacific from Vancouver to China and Japan, and the Empresses of the Atlantic and the Monoclass Cabin Steamships from Eastern Canadian Ports to Europe. Thirteen Magnificent Hotels —in the Canadian Pacific Rockies, at the Pacific Coast, on the Prairies, and in the East—Eleven delightful Bungalow Camps in the Rockies and in Ontario. {See back cover for list.) TELEGRAPHS — EXPRESS (Dominion Express Co.) Canadian Pacific /i 70 Across Canada Table of Mileages Principally in Eastern Canada (By Direct Route unless otherwise stated) Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver Chicago Bala. Ont 119 1113 2587 632 Belleville, Ont 221 119 1352 2826 632 Boston. Mass 340 598 1752(a) 3226(a) 1110(b) Brantford. Ont. Cc) 419 78 1311 2785 476 Brockville. Ont 156 239 1472(b) 2946(b) 751 Buffalo.N.Y 441 101 1333 2807 613(b) Calgary. Alta 2244 2065 832 642 1612 Chapleau, Ont 609 430 802 2276 Chatham. Ont 519 179 1411 (b) 2885 (b) 333 Chicago, 111 853 512 913 2254 .... Cobourg, Ont 264 77 1309 2783 589 Cornwall, Ont 69 329 1481 (a) 2955 (a) 841 Detroit, Mich 569 229 1197 (d) 2537 (d) 283 Duluth, Minn 1038(f) 859(f) Edmonton, Alta 2260 (e) 2081 (e) 848 (e) .... 1806 (h) Fort William, Ont 992 813 419 1893 .... Fredericton, N.B 459 799 1870 3344 1311 French River, Ont 555(b) 215 1017 2492 727 Galt, Ont 398 57 1289 (b) 2764 (b) 455 Goderich, Ont 475 135 1367 (b) 2841 (b) 647 (b) Grand'Mere, Que 122 463 1534 3008 975 Guelph, Ont 395 54 1287(b) 2761(b) 567(b) Halifax, N.S. (g) 678 1018 2089 3563 1530 Hamilton, Ont 380 40 1272 2746 552 Hull, Que 113 .... 1299 2773 Ingersoll, Ont 437 97 1329 (b) 2803 (b) 433 Joliette, Que 55 395 1466 2940 907 Kenora, Ont 1286 1106 126 1600 Kingston, Ont 208 209 1442 (b) 209 (b) 721 (b) Kitchener, Ont. (c) 410 70 1302 2776 467 Lindsay, Ont 409(b) 69 1301 2775 581 London, Ont 455 115 1347(b) 2821(b) 398 Magog, Que 88 429 1500 2974 941 Megantic, Que 175 515 1587 3061 1028 Minneapolis. Minn 1119 (f) 939 (f) 453 1794 460 Montreal, Que 340 1412 2886 853 New York, N.Y 384 539 1796 (a) 3270 (a) 1052 (b) Niagara Falls, Ont 432 92 1324 2798 604 Nipigon.Ont 923 310 489 1963 North Bay, Ont 360 339(f) 1052 2526 851(f) Orillia, Ont 383 (b) 42 1275 (b) 2749 (b) 555 Oshawa, Ont 303 37 1270 2744 550 Ottawa.Ont Ill 265 1300 2774 777 Owen Sound, Ont 461 (b) 121 1353 (b) 2827 (b) 633 (b) Pembroke, Ont 220 1191 2665 Peterboro, Ont #262 76 1309 2783 589 Pointe au Baril, Ont 520 (b) 180 1052 2526 692 Port Arthur, Ont 988 809 424 1898 Portland, Maine 283 624 (a) 1695 (a) 3169 (a) 1136 (a) Quebec. Que 173 513 1584 3058 1025 Regina. Sask 1768 1589 357 1117 Renfrew. Ont 186 236 1226 2700 St. Andrews, N.B 439 780 1851 3325 1292 St. Hyacinthe, Que 67 408 1479 2953 920 St. Jerome, Que 33 374 1445 2919 886 St.John, N.B 482 822 1893 3367 1334 St. Johns, Que 29 370 1441 2915 ..882 St. Paul, Minn ' 1109(f) 929(f) 464 1805 449 St. Thomas, Ont 463 122 1355 rb) 2829 (b) 450 Sault Ste. Marie. Ont 618 439 1152 (f) 2626 (f) Shawinigan Falls. Que 116 457 1528 3002 969 Sherbrooke, Que 106 447 1518 2992 959 Smith's Falls. Ont 129 212 1444 (b) 2918 (b) 724 Sudbury. Ont 439 260 973 2447 772 Thetford Mines. Que 173 514 1585 3059 1026 Toronto, Ont 340 .... 1232 2706 512 Trenton. Ont 231 109 1341 2815 621 Trois Rivieres, Que 95 436 1412 2981 948 Truro, N.S. (g) 690 1030 2101 3575 1542 Vancouver, B.C 2886 2706 1474 .... 2254 Victoria, B.C 2969 2789 1557 83 2337 Welland, Ont 418 78 1310 2784 590 Windsor, Ont 567 226 1458(b) 2932(b) 286 Winnipeg, Man 1412 1232 .... 1474 913 Woodstock, Ont 428 88 1320 (b) 2794 (b) 424 Yarmouth. N.S. (g)..' 593 933 2004 3478 1445 (a) via Montreal, (b) via Toronto, (c) via Galt, (d) via Chicago, (e) via Saskatoon, (f) via Sudbury, (g) via St.John and Digby, (h) via Calgary. "V Across Canada 71 Index to Principal Stations Page Abbotsford, Que 26 Actonvale, Que 46 Adamsville, Que... .26 Adirondack Jct.,Que.26 Alliston, Ont 16 Almonte, Ont 10 Amherst, N.S 33 Angliers, Que 11 Annapolis Royal, N.S 37 Arnprior, Ont 10 Arthur, Ont 57 Aylmer, Que 48 Ayr, Ont 67 Bala, Ont 16 Batlscan, Que 40 Battle Creek, Mich. .64 Beaconsfield, Que... 7 Bear Biver, N.S 37 Beausejour, Man 25 Bedell, Ont 48,49 Beeton, Ont 16 Belair, Que 40 Belle Biver, Ont 63 Belleville, Ont 50 Berthier, Que 38 Biscotasing, Ont.... 20 Blind River, Ont 66 Blue Sea, Que 48 Bobcaygeon, Ont—60 Bolton, Ont 16,57 Bonfield, Ont 12 Boston, Mass. 32, 37,44 Bowmanville, Ont... 52 Braeside, Ont 10 Brampton, Ont 57 Brantford, Ont..55, 61 Bridgetown, N.S 37 Brighton, Ont...... 52 Brockville, Ont.. 10, 49 Brownville Jct., Me. 28 Buckingham Jct., Que 46 Buffalo, N.Y 56 Burbidge, Que 48 Bury, Que 27 Byng Inlet, Ont 18 Cache Bay, Ont 13 Calaboeie, Ont...... 10 Caledonia Springs, Ont 7 Calumet, Que 46 Campbell's Bay, Que 48 Caribou, Me 29 Carleton Place, Ont 10,48 Cartier, Ont 20 Chalk River. Ont.. .11 Chapleau, Ont 20 Chatham. Ont 63 Chelmsford, Ont 20 Chelsea, Que 48 Chesterville, Ont 49 Chicago, 111 64 Chipman, N.B 30 Cobalt, Out .12 Cobden, Ont 11 Cobourg, Ont 52 Cochrane, Ont 12 Colborne, Ont 52 Coniston, Ont 13 Cookshire, Que 27 Copper Cliff, Ont.. .66 Cornwall, Ont 49 Cowansville, Que... .26 Danforth, Me 28 Debec, N.B 29 Delson, Que 26 Detroit, Mich 64 Desbarats, Ont 66 Deux Rivieres, Ont. .11 Digby, N.S 33,37 Dorval, Que 7 Drumbo, "Ont 62 Drummondville,Que.26 Dryden, Ont 24 Duluth, Minn 68 Dundalk, Ont 57 Durham, Ont 57 East Angus, Que 43 East Templeton, Que 46 Edmundston, N.B.. .29 Eganville, Ont 10 Elmira, Ont. 58 Page Elora, Ont 57 Erindale, Ont 61 Espanola, Ont 66 Fairville, N.B 30 Farnham, Que 26 Fassett, Que 46 Fergus, Ont 67 Flesherton, Ont 57 Fort Coulonge, Que. .48 Fort Fairfleld, Me.. .29 Fort William, Ont. 22, 65 Foster, Que 26 Franz, Ont 21 Fredericton, N.B 30 Fredericton Jct., N.B. 30 French River, Ont... 18 Galt, Ont 61 Glencoe, Ont 63 Goderich, Ont 58 Gracefield, Que 48 Grand Bay, N.B 30 Grand Falls, N.B....29 Grand'Mere, Que 40 Grand Pre, N.S 37 Grandes Piles, Que. .40 Greenville Jct., Me. .28 Guelph, Ont 58 Halifax, N.S 33,34 Hamilton, Ont 55 Hammond, Ont 7 Hanover, Ont 57 Harriston, Ont 57 Harvey, N.B 30 Havelock, Ont 53 Hespeler, Ont 61 Highlands, Que 26 Houlton, Me 29 Hoyt, N.B 30 Hudson, Que 7 Hull, Que..8. 10,46,48 Iberville, Ont 26 Ignace, Ont 24 Ineersoll, Ont 62 Islington, Ont 61 Jack Fish, Ont 21 Jackman, Me 28 Jackson, Mich 64 Joliette, Que 38 Kaladar, Ont 53 Kalamazoo, Mich.. .64 Kazubazua, Que.... 48 Keewatin, Ont 25 Kemptville, Ont 48 Kenora, Ont 24 Kentville, N.S 37 • Kingston, Ont 10 Kipawa, Que 11 Kitchener, Ont 61 Knowlton, Que 26 Labelle, Que 45 Lachevrotiere, Que. .40 Lachute, Que 46 Lambton, Ont 61 Lanoraie, Que 31 La Perade, Que 40 Lavaltrie, Que 38 Lennoxville, Que 27 L'Epiphanie, Que.. .38 Levack, Ont , .. 20 Levis, Que 43 Lindsay, Ont 54, 60 Listowel, Ont 58 London, Ont 62, 63 Lorette, Que 40 Louiseville, Que 38 MacTier, Ont 17 Magog, Que 27 Maniwaki, Que 48 Mansonville, Que... 27 Markdale, Ont 57 Marquette, Mich 68 Mascouche, Que 38 Massey, Ont 66 Mattawa, Ont 11 Mattawamkeag, Me. 28 McAdam, N.B. 28, 29, 32 Megantic, Que.. .27, 43 Merrickville, Ont... .49 Metagama, Ont 20 Meteghan, N.S 37 Page Middleton, N.S 37 Mile End, Que. 38, 45, 46 Millbank, Ont 58 Milton, Ont 61 Minneapolis, Minn..68 Minto, N.B 30 Missanabie, Ont... .21 Moncton, N.B 33 Mont Laurier, Que. .45 Montreal, Que. 4, 38, 44, 46, 49, 53 Montreal West, Que. 7, 26 Mt. Forest, Ont 57 Newburg, N.B 30 Newcastle, Ont 52 Newport, Vt 26 New York,N.Y.44, 56 Niagara Falls, Ont. .56 Nipigon, Ont 2l Nominingue, Que.. .45 I orth Bay, Ont 12 North Devon, N.B. .30 N orth Stukely, Que. 27 North Troy, Vt 27 Norwood, Ont 53 Orangeville, Ont.... 57 Orillia, Ont 54 Oshawa. Ont 52 Otis, N.B 30 Ottawa, Ont. 8, 46, 48, 60 Owen Sound, Ont. 57, 65 Pakesley, Ont 18 Papineauville, Que. .46 Paris, Ont 61 Parry Sound, Ont.... 17 Pembroke, Ont 11 Pendleton, Ont 7 Perth, Ont 50 Perth Jct., N.B 29 Petawawa, Ont 11 Peterboro, Ont 54 Pickerel, Ont 18 Plaisance, Que 46 Plaster Rock, N.B... 29 Pointe au Baril, Ont. 17 Pointe du Lac, Que. . 38 Point Fortune, Que.. 7 Pont Rouge, Que 40 Port Arthur.Ont. 22, 65 Port Burwell, Ont... 62 Port Dover, Ont.... 61 Port Hope, Ont 52 Portland, Me 28, 44 Port McNicoll, Ont. 54, 65 Portneuf, Que 40 Prescott, Ont 49 Presque Isle, Me 29 Preston, Ont 61 Quebec, Que 42, 43 Quyon, Que 48 Renfrew, Ont 10 Rigaud, Que 7 Rossport, Ont 21 Rutherglen, Ont 12 Ste. Agathe, Que 45 St. Andrews, N.B.. .28 Ste. Anne de Beaupre, Que 42 Ste. Annes, Que 7 St. Augustin, Que...46 St. Basile, Que 40 St. Boniface, Man... 26 St. Clet, Que ..49 St. Constant, Que.. .26 St. Eustache, Que.. .46 St. Faustin, Que 45 St. Felix, Que 38 St. Gabriel, Que 38 St. George, N.B 32 St. Guillaume, Que. .26 St. Hyacinthe, Que. .26 St. Jerome, Que 45 Saint John, N.B. 30, 32, 33 St. Johns, Que 26 St. Joseph Beauce, Que 43 St. Jovite, Que 45 St. Lin, Que 46 Ste.Marguerite, Qu«.45 Page St. Martin Jct., Que.38 St. Mary's, Ont 62 St. Maurice, Que.... 40 St. Narcisse, Que... .40 St. Paul, Minn 68 St. Phillippe, Que.. .26 St. Polycarpe Jct., Que 49 Ste. Rose, Que 45 Ste. Scholastique, Que 46 St. Stephen, N.B 32 Ste.Therese, Que. 45, 46 ?t. Thomas, Ont 62 Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 65, 66, 68 Sault Ste. Marie, Mich 68 Schreiber, Ont 21 Severn Falls, Ont.. .16 Sharbot Lake, Ont. 10, 53 Shawbridge, Que 45 Shawinigan Falls, Que 40 8hawville, Que 4S Shelbourne, Ont 57 Sherbrooke, Que. 27, 43 Simcoe, Ont 61 Smith's Falls, Ont. 48, 49 Staynerville, Que.... 46 Streetsville, Ont 61 Streetsville Jct., Ont. 57 Sturgeon Falls, Ont.. 13 Sudbury, Ont. 13, 18, 20, 66 Superior, Wis 68 Sutton, Que 26 T eeswater, Ont 57 Terrebonne. Que.... 38 Thetford Mines, Que.43 Thessalon, Ont 66 Tichborne, Ont.. 10, 50 Tilbury, Ont 63 Tilsonburg, Ont 62 Timiskaming, Que.. .11 Toronto, Ont 14, 49 54,55, 58, 60, 61, 65 Tottenham, Ont.... 16 Trenton, Ont 50 Trois Rivieres, Que..40 Truro, N.S 34 Tweed, Ont 53 Tyndall, Man .25 Vanceboro, Me 28 Vankleek Hill, Ont. . 7 Vaudreuil, Que 7, 49 Verner, Ont 13 Ville Marie, Que.... 11 Wakefield, Que 48 Walkerton, Ont 57 Walkerville, Ont 63 Waltham, Que . . 48 Warren, Ont 13 Waterloo, Ont 61 Waterloo, Que 26 Webbwood, Ont 66 Welland, Ont 55, 56 Westfield Beach, N.B..! 30 Westfort, Ont 24 Westmount, Que.... 7 Weston, N.S 37 West St. John, N.B..32 West Shefford, Que. .26 West Toronto, Ont. 16, 61 Weymouth, N.S 37 Whitby, Ont 52 White Fish, Ont 66 Whitemouth, Man. .25 White River, Ont. . .21 Winchester, Ont.... 49 Windsor, Ont 63, 64 Windsor, N.S 34, 36 Windsor Mills, Que.. 27 Wingham, Ont 57 Winnipeg, Man 25 Wolfville, N.S 37 Woodbridge, Ont 16 Woodstock, Ont 61 Woodstock, N.B 29 Yamachiche, Que.... 38 Yarmouth, N.S 37 BUREAU OF CANADIAN INFORMATION The Canadian Pacific Railway has established a Bureau of Canadian Information as a branch of its Department of Colonization and Development, with the object of disseminating reliable and up-to-date information as to agricultural and industrial openings in all parts of Canada. W$M Well-equipped Canadian reference libraries have been establishedat Montreal, New York, Chicago, and London, England. These libraries contain the fullest information on all matters relating to Canada and her undeveloped resources, and are kept supplied with the latest information pertaining to new developments through the medium of a news service organized through the co-operation of the other departments of the Company's service. The information on hand in these libraries is available without charge to those interested, and inquiries addressed to any office of the Department will receive prompt attention. DEVELOPMENT BRANCH If you are interested in the mining wealth and ever-increasing mining industry of Canada, or in the development or supply of the very great variety of industrial raw materials available from resources along the Canadian Pacific Railway, you are invited to consult this Branch. An expert staff is maintained to acquire and investigate information relative to these resources and to make examinations of deposits in the field. Practical information as to special opportunities for development, use of by-products and markets, industrial crops, prospecting and mining, given on application. WESTERN CANADA FARM LANDS The Company has yet for sale many acres of choice farm lands in Western Canada at low prices and on long 34-year amortization terms. In certain districts lands will be sold without settlement restrictions, but the Company is prepared to grant special concessions to those who will settle upon and develop their farms. In its irrigation district in Southern Alberta, the Company also has irrigated lands for sale at reasonable prices and on similar terms. EASTERN CANADA FARM LANDS Lists of selected improvedf arms, available for settlement in the Maritime Provinces, with the names and addresses of their owners, may be obtained on application at any office of the Department. DEPARTMENT OF COLONIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY MONTREAL... WINNIPEG.... NEW YORK... . Bureau of Canadian Information, 347 Windsor Station. .J. N. K. Macalister, Supt. of Colonization, C.P.R. Station. .L. F. Mowrey. Asst. Supt. of Colonization, Madison Ave. at 44th Street. .C. A. Van Scoy, Asst. Supt. of Colonization, Hackney Bldg., 4th and Jackson Streets. .Bureau of Canadian Information, 167 E. Ontario Street. . R. C. Bosworth, Asst. Supt. of Colonization. 702 First Ave. . L. P. Thornton, Asst. Supt. of Colonization, 208 Railway Exchange Bldg. LONDON. Eng...A. E. Moore, Manager, European Organization, 62-65 Charing Cross. ST. PAUL... CHICAGO... SPOKANE.. PORTLAND A. B. CALDER, M. E. THORNTON, J. S. DENNIS, Special Representative, Asst. Commissioner, Chief Commissioner, MONTREAL. MONTREAL. MONTREAL. Canadian Pacific Hotels Name of Hotel Altitude Season Recreations St. Andrews, N.B. A 150 June 28 Golf, Bathing, Boating, Yachting. McAdam, N.B. to Sept. 6 (Passamaquoddy Bay, SL Croix River.) McAdam Hotel A 445 All year Hunting in Season. Quebec, Que. Chateau Frontenac. E 300 All year Scenic and Historical interest, Golf, Motoring (Plains of Abraham, SL Montreal, Que. Anne de Beaupre). E 57 All year Historical Monuments and buildings. Mount Royal, St. Lawrence River, Golfing, Boating, Yachting, Motoring, Winnipeg, Man. City founded by Maisonneuve 1642. The Royal Alexandra E 760 All year Golf, Motoring, centre of Canadian, Calgary, Alta. West. (Site of old Fort Garry.) Hotel Palliser E 3425 All year Golf, Motoring, Fishing (Trout). Banff, Alta. Banff Springs Hotel E 4625 May 15 to Sept. 30 Mountain drives and climbs, Golf, Bathing, Fishing, Boating, Riding (Rocky Lake Louise, Alta. Mountain Park). Chateau Lake Louise E 5670 June 1 to Sept. 30 Boating, Mountain climbs, Pony trails Fishing, Lakes in the Clouds, Moraine Emerald Lake (near Field), B.C. Lake, Glaciers. Emerald Lake Chalet A 4262 June 15 to Sept. 15 Boating, Fishing, Pony trail3 to Yoho Valley, Takakkaw Falls, Riding to Giaoler, B.C. Summit Lake and Twin Falls. A 4086 June 15 Pony trails, Climbs, Exploring Glaciers, Sloamous, B.C. to Sept. 15 Great Nakimu Caves. A 1146 All year Rowing, Canoeing, Motor boats, Trout Vancouver, B.C. Fishing. (Sicamous Lake.) ; ...1 100 All year Golf, Motoring, Fishing, Steamboat Victoria, B.C. excursions. -.Empress Hotel E Sea Level All year Golf, Motoring, Yachting, Sea and Stream Fishing. CAMPS AND HOTELS (reached by Canadian Pacific) Digby, N.S. The Pines A Kentville, N.S. Cornwallis Inn jjj A French River, Ont. French River Camp JV Nipigon, Ont. Nipigon River Camp A Kenora, Ont. Devils Gap Camp A Banff or Lake Louise, Alta. Storm Mountain Bungalow A Camp Banff or Lake Louise, Alta. Vermilion River Camp A Banff or Lake Louise, Alta. Radium Hot Springs Camp..A Lake Louise, Alta. Moraine Lake Camp A Hector, B.C. Lake O'Hara Camp A Hector, B.C. Wapta Camp a Field, B.C. Yoho Valley Camp a Lake Windermere, B.C. Lake Windermere Camp A (Operated by Invermere Hotel Penticton, B.C. Hotel Incola a (Owned and operated by the Okanagan Hotel Company.) Cameron Lake, B.C. Cameron Lake Chalet. A Vancouver Island. Strathcona Lodge Stn., B.C. Strathcona Lodge , Vancouver Island. 5600 3952 3456 6190 6664 5190 5000 2700 Co.) 1132 604 600 June 20 to Sept. 15 All year June 15 to Sept. 15 June 15 to Sept. 15 June 15 to Sept. 15 Julyl to Sept. 15 July 1 to Sept. 15 Julyl to Sept. 15 June 1 to Sept. 15 Julyl to Sept. 15 July 1 to Sept. 15 July 1 to Sept. 15 July 1 to Sept. 15 All year May 1 to Sept. 20 May 15 to Oct 1 Golf, Tennis, Sea- into the Land of In the heart of the Motor boating, Swimming. Motor boating, Swimming. Motor boating, Swimming. Hiking, Motoring, •fishing. Excursions Evangeline. Land of Evangeline. Canoeing, Fishing, Canoeing, Fishing, Canoeing, Fishing, Mountain climbing. Hiking, Motoring, Fishing, Mountain climbing. Hiking, Motoring, Fishing, Mountain climbing, Swimming in hot radium pools. Head of Valley of Ten Peaks, Consolation Lake. Trout fishing, Pony trails, climbs, etc. Riding, Walking, Mountain climbing. Trips to Lake McArthur and Lake Oesa, also Alpine Hut, Abbot's Pass. Centre for Explorations. Excursions to Lake O'Hara, Yoho Valley, etc. Drives, Kicking Horse Canyon. Half-way between Wapta Camp and Emerald Lake Chalet, by road and trail. Takakkaw Falls, Twin Falls, Summit Lake, Yoho Glacier, etc. Centre for Riding, Camping, Motoring, Bathing, Boating, Fishing, Excursions to the Glaciers of the Selkirks. Boating and Fishing, Okanagan Lake. Splendid Motor roads. Fishing (Trout), Boating. Splendid forests. (Salmon fishing adjacent.) Fishing (Trout), Swimming, Tennis, Mountain climbing, Motoring. A—American Plan. E—European Plan. % I Jl Amt u TRANSCANADA TRANSATLANTIC TRANSPACIFIC BSSH ftfi?
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English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Montreal : Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Box 213
Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy or otherwise use these images must be obtained from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://rbsc.library.ubc.ca/
Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-213-4-3
Across Canada : Western Lines, east bound
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