CONTENTdm
Travel and tourism on the C.P.R.
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Travel
Tourism
Tourism--Canada
Railroads--Canada
Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Public Relations & Advertising
Pamphlet to accompany eastbound journeys through the Canadian Rocky Mountains via the Canadian Pacific Railway. Includes information on sights and destinations.
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t/tAoup/L, t&& CANADIA ROCKIEc ^ ™-, , pi ililli fit ~ PI*-. mm >■ ail 111% ft'tWl' I 1 i # 9 Pub!Jshed hy Canadian Pacific News Department Price 25 cents CANADIAN PACIFIC Spans the Vr orld • 39% Less Ocean to Europe AIR-LINE ROUTE . . . Frequent sailings via the smooth St. Lawrence Seaway from Montreal and Quebec (summer) . . . Saint John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S. (winter) ... to and from British and Continental ports . . . the majestic Empress of Britain and other great Empress, Duchess and "Mont" ships of the CANADIAN PACIFIC fleet set new standards of trans-Atlantic service. FAST FREIGHT SERVICE provided by Empress, Duchess, "Mont" liners and "Beaver" cargo ships. • Canada and United States THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY (comprising 21,235 miles of operated and controlled lines) reaches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, across Canada and into the United States. The main line, Montreal to Vancouver, 2,886 miles, passes through the heart of the famous Canadian Rockies, with their crowning jewels of Banff, Lake Louise and Emerald Lake, unsurpassed as vacation resorts. Modern and comfortable trans-continental and local passenger train services link the important cities, industrial sections, agricultural regions and holiday resorts. Fast and efficient freight service. Convenient coastal and inland steamship services. Builds and operates own sleeping, dining and parlor cars. ALASKA—Frequent service by Canadian Pacific "Princess" liners from Vancouver (connections from Victoria and Seattle) to Skagway and return via the sheltered "Inside Passage." GREAT LAKES—Canadian Pacific inland steamships sail semi-weekly during the summer months between Port McNicoll and Fort William via an attractive lake and river route. • Honolulu, Orient and South Seas Regular sailings between Vancouver, Victoria and Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila, provide convenient passenger and freight schedules. DIRECT EXPRESS ROUTE TO ORIENT . . . swift sister ships, Empress of Asia and Empress of Russia . . . Yokohama in 10 days flat! VIA HONOLULU . . . The mighty Empress of Japan and her running mate, Empress of Canada, make Honolulu in 5 days, Yokohama in just 8 days more. SOUTH SEAS . . . Canadian Australasian Line fast modern liners to Honolulu, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia. • Round-the- World ANNUAL WORLD CRUISE on the famous Empress of Britain, perfectly timed to see world-renowned beauty spots at their best . . . Other attractive cruises to West Indies, Norwegian Fjords, etc. INDEPENDENT ROUND-THE-WORLD TOURS, choice of over 200 itineraries ... 179 offices maintained throughout the World to assist CANADIAN PACIFIC patrons. • Hotels, Express, Communications, Colonization HOTELS ... A chain of comfort across Canada from Atlantic to Pacific . . . Fifteen hotels in leading cities and resorts, including Chateau Frontenac, Quebec; Royal York, Toronto; Banff Springs; Empress Hotel, Victoria . . . Eight rustic lodges in the Canadian Rockies and at Ontario fishing resorts. COMMUNICATIONS AND EXPRESS . . . owned and operated by the CANADIAN PACIFIC ... trans-Canada service . . . worldwide connections . . . travellers' cheques—good the world over. COLONIZATION . . . Canadian Pacific land-settlement policies, together with the large acreage of fertile agricultural land still for sale in the West, are helping to develop a richer Canada. CANADIAN PACIFIC WORLD'S GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM fi^ Your Journey THROUGH THE CANADIAN ROCKIES From Victoria and Vancouver in British Columbia, to Calgary, Alberta T5he Canadian Rockies, which by their giant bulk divide the Prairies and the Pacific Coast, form one of the most remarkable mountain regions of the world. Composed of some five ranges, they offer over 600 miles of magnificent scenery—snowy peaks, glaciers, rugged precipices, waterfalls, foaming torrents, canyons, and lakes like vast sapphires and amethysts set in the spruce-clad mountains. Five National Parks are located in this Alpine wonderland, and the Canadian Pacific is the only rail route serving them; they are: the Banff, Kootenay, Yoho, Glacier and Mount Revelstoke national parks. .jl^he Canadian Rockies are visited ^l^/^every year by thousands of tourists, for whom attractive hotels and rustic mountain lodges provide comfortable headquarters. A Canadian Pacific Publication Published by the News Department Canadian Pacific Railway PRICE 25 CENTS Printed in Canada 1937 CANADIAN PACIFIC HOW TO READ THIS BOOK This book is written for the reader travelling eastward; a companion booklet is written for readers travelling westward. At the head of almost every page is a list of stations identified by mileage from the previous divisional point. Underneath, those places are described. Travelling eastward these divisional points are: Vancouver, North Bend, Kamloops, Revelstoke, Field, Calgary. North and South of Track. If you ride facing the locomotive, the north is: On your left—travelling eastward Contents Text Map Victoria to Seattle and Vancouver 3 Vancouver to Kamloops 10 13, 18, 19 Kamloops to Sicamous 18 19 Okanagan Valley Branch 20 Sicamous to Revelstoke 21 22 Branch Line Arrow Lakes 23 Revelstoke to Golden 24 24, 27 Lake Windermere Branch 30 Motor Drives in the Rockies 31 Golden to Field 34 34 Field to Lake Louise 40 Lake Louise to Banff .. 48 51 Banff to Calgary 60 58 Victoria The Empress Hotel, Victoria Although the Canadian Pacific CHARMINGLY situated at the rail services do not begin until we southern end of Vancouver Island, reach Vancouver, and although Victoria—the capital city of Brit- there are some Canadian Pacific ish Columbia—gives a bright wel- steamer services which travel afield come to the arriving traveller, much farther than Victoria, we will Although its enterprising business begin our journey through the district speaks of a rich commerce Rockies at this beautiful city. drawn from the forest, mineral and agricultural resources of Vancou- Victoria Victoria (Population ver Island, Victoria is essentially 62,000) stands on a pro- a home city, with beautiful houses, montory overlooking the Straits of bungalows, gardens, lawns, boule- Juan de Fuca across to the snow- vards and parks; and it has fur- capped Olympic Mountains on the thermore a distinct charm of its mainland. Owing to the charac- own that has made it a favorite teristic beauty of its residential dis- residential and vacation city for trict, it has often been called "a bit both summer and winter alike, of England on the shores of the Pacific." Victoria's beauty lies in its residential districts, its boulevards, parks, public buildings, numerous bathing beaches and semi-tropical foliage. Empress Hotel The Empress Hotel, most western of the chain of Canadian Pacific hotels, overlooks the inner harbor, within a stone's throw of the Parliament buildings. It is an hotel of stately architecture, hospitable spirit, spacious atmosphere, and social warmth. Its beautiful gardens are a fitting accompaniment of its own ivy-grown walls. Crystal Garden Adjoining the Empress Hotel an amusement casino, the Crystal Garden, contains one of the largest glass-enclosed salt-water swimming pools in the world, together with dancing floors, promenades, etc. Parliament Buildings Victoria is the capital of British Columbia. The Parliament Buildings, which rank among the handsomest in America, overlook the inner harbor. Adjoining them is the Provincial Museum, very complete and interesting, and containing a large assortment of specimens of natural history, native woods, Indian curios and prehistoric instruments. The Provincial Library contains a large collection of historical prints, documents, and other works of great value and interest. Beacon Hill Park One of the city's public parks, Beacon Hill Park, contains 154 acres laid out as recreation grounds and pleasure gardens, fifteen minutes' walk from the Empress Hotel Victoria imm® ^ik:m&^:i>::::w:^ m n ^.^ f ill 1 The Crystal Garden, Victoria and included in all sight-seeing trips in the city. Magnificent views can be obtained from Beacon Hill across the Straits of Juan de Fuca and of Olympic Mountains on the mainland. Brentwood Near Brentwood, a charming resort on Saanich Inlet about fifteen miles from the city by street-car or automobile, are the beautiful and famous gardens of Mr. R. P. Butchart. In no part of America can any more diversified gardens be found than these, for besides sunken gardens there are acres of rose gardens, stretches of velvet lawns bordered with flowers of every description, and a Japanese, or fairy, garden. Visitors are admitted without charge every day. Saanich Mountain Reached by automobile or street-car. The new Observatory telescope,, which has a 72-inch reflector, is the third largest in the world. The observatory, in addition to being of interest itself, commands from its site one of the finest views on the Pacific Coast. Golf Victoria can be considered as an approximation to the ''golfer's paradise," for in its equable climate golf can be enjoyed every day of the year. Three 18-hole and two 9-hole courses are open to visitors and are all convenient to the city, well kept and of fine location. Guests at the Empress Hotel have special privileges at the Colwood Golf and Country Club. Sporting The fishing and shooting on Vancouver Island are of the best—trout, salmon, pheasant, grouse, cougar, bear, deer and moose being the prizes. Shawnigan Lake, Cowichan Lake, Sproat Lake, Great Central Lake and Campbell River are amongst the most famous fishing waters of this continent. There are also excellent bird shooting and big game hunting. Sportsmen wishing fuller information should communicate with the Victoria and Island Publicity Bureau, Victoria. Motoring There are as many good motor trips radiating from Victoria as from any other place in America. The roads are excellent. Among the popular trips is the famous Malahat Drive to Shawnigan and Duncan; Nanaimo, via Parksville to Cameron Lake, on over Alberni Summit; another is the Grand Island Highway Tour— Victoria, Duncan, Nanaimo, Cameron Lake, Port Alberni, Qualicum and Campbell River, and the entire Georgian Circuit International Tour, the greatest and most complete scenic tour on the continent. fciiimtiimiiiiii/iimi imiuhek wmuutm i Butchart's Gardens, Victoria QUllUZZZElllftllg (SlfffllOE zjciHtiimn ■ ■ MiuivvS ■* i mm Malahat Drive, Victoria Seattle A Canadian Pacific *'Princess'' Steamship from Victoria to Vancouver The Triangle Route British Columbia Coast Steamship Service In connection with its trans-continental rail service, the Canadian Pacific operates an extensive steamship service on the British Columbia Coast as far north as Alaska. On Puget Sound four magnificent \ Princess steamships, the fastest in the North Pacific coastwise business, ' operate on the "Triangle Route" between Vancouver, Victoria and Seattle. Nautical Miles 0.0 VANCOUVER 72.0 VICTORIA 142.0 SEATTLE 126.0 SEATTLE (direct) Full particulars of this service may be found in the Company's time tables or consult any Canadian Pacific agent. Vancouver Island From Victoria delightful excursions may be made into the interior of Vancouver Island, either by the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway or by automobile. Excellent hotels are to be found at Cameron Lake and elsewhere. Splendid fishing can be enjoyed at numerous places, for salmon and trout. The immense Douglas fir forests of the interior and the balmy climate make a trip into the interior wonderfully attractive. Seattle Seattle is the largest city in the State of Washington, and one of the most important on the Pacific Coast. It is a beautiful and progressive city, with a rapidly increasing population. Situated on the east side of Puget Sound, up the slopes of the hills that front the latter, it has a fine harbor accessible to the largest vessels afloat. Lake Washington, a body of fresh water about twenty miles long and three miles wide, bounds the city on the east, and is now connected with the Sound by the Lake Washington Canal, a very notable feat of engineering that has a great and important bearing upon Seattle's future. The downtown business section of Seattle has many skyscraper buildings. Seattle has a very pleasing residential section, especially in the vicinity of the University of Washington, and many beautiful parks and summer resorts. A large number of enjoyable trips can be made from Seattle, by train, steamer, and motor, such as to Bellingham, Everett, Tacoma, Mount Rainier, the Olympic Peninsula wonderland, and to many resorts in the Cascade and Olympic mountain ranges. Vancouve r Vancouver (Population with suburbs 360,000) is situated on Burrard Inlet, which here is over two miles wide. A long peninsula, within which is embraced beautiful Stanley Park, curves round north-westward from the city, and almost landlocks Vancouver Harbor. On the north side of the Inlet is a magnificent mountain range;the most prominent features thereof are two peaks which, silhouetted against the sky and remarkably resembling two couchant lions, are visible from any point in the city or harbor and have earned it its appropriate name of "The Lions' Gate." Hotel Vancouver The Hotel Vancouver, situated on Granville Street about one-half mile from the Canadian Pacific station, is the finest hotel of the North Pacific. From its roof- garden some wonderful views of the Strait of Georgia can be obtained. Adequate sight-seeing services, visiting all parts of the city and its environs, are operated and leave the hotel daily. Hotel Vancouver A Summer Vancouver is a favorite summer city, for its mild climate, City floral luxuriance and closeness to water make life there very pleasant. There are many bathing beaches, parks, boulevards, automobile roads, and short and long steamer trips. All kinds of water sports are available, and are encouraged by a mild climate. The roads around the city are famous for their excellence, and there are many fine drives, varying from an hour to a day in time. Stanley Park Amongst the shorter drives may be mentioned Stanley Park—one of the finest natural parks in the world, a primeval forest right within the city limits and containing thousands of Douglas firs and giant cedars of a most amazing size and age. The park is encircled by a perfect road, nine miles in length. "Marine Drive," which girdles Point Grey, is one which leads through Vancouver's most interesting residential sections and gives a wonderful opportunity to enjoy the run through luxuriant woods which crowd down to the very tide mark. Capilano, etc. The North shore of the harbor offers the visitor the awesome Capilano canyon, where suspension bridges hang hundreds of feet over a torrent which has carved its way down through perpendicular walls of granite. West Vancouver, with its cosy little rock-clinging gardens and its impressive sea cliff drive, offers the visitor another tempting trip. 8 Vancouver Vancouver Harbor Grouse Mountain, rising nearly four thousand feet above North Vancouver, is a unique trip. A fine motor road climbs the mountain to a comfortable chalet,where guests can be accommodated for short or long visits. From this height one looks directly down on Vancouver and the view extends, in clear weather, to Vancouver Island, forty miles distant. Still another fine drive is to New Westminster. (See page 12). The Pacific Highway, including Kings- way, runs through Vancouver, connecting up with the main American roads of the Northwest. This road runs all the way from Vancouver to Mexico. Bathing There are numerous fine bathing beaches around Vancouver. The most easily reached are English Bay and Kitsilano—both on the street-car line. The scene on a sunny afternoon at English Bay, which lies at one entrance to Stanley Park, is one of great animation. Burrard Inlet, English Bay, and the North Arm are excellent places also for boating. Vancouver boasts of one of the finest yacht clubs on the Pacific Coast. VANCOUVER, terminal of Canadian Pacific trans-continental rail and trans-Pacific steamship routes is the largest commercial centre in British Columbia. In and around Vancouver are immense lumber and shingle mills. Mining, lumbering, farming, shipbuilding, and shipping, with a vast Oriental business, form the reason of the city's remarkable growth and prosperity. From a forest clearing forty years ago it has become one of the most important seaports of the Pacific Ocean. Vancouver is also one of the great vacation objectives of the Pacific Coast, and because of its beauty and hospitality has become very popular in this regard. Golf Vancouver has many good golf courses, all of them 18-hole courses and all open to visitors. Included in these is a public course, "Langara," owned by the Canadian Pacific. There are a number of good tennis clubs. Steamer Trips Some fine steamer trips can be made from Vancouver. Chief amongst them, perhaps, is the 4-hour trip across the Gulf of Georgia to Victoria. Then there are a particularly interesting trip to Nanaimo, a cruise amongst the Gulf Islands, and others to Comox, Powell River, etc. An excellent circle tour may be made by taking a "Princess" steamer to Victoria, the E. & N. train from Victoria to Nanaimo, thence back to Vancouver by steamer. %VU1UUK mxunisff iiinmiirmtriKiiiiiHimuifiiiiiiiiininnfiiii Lynn Canal, near Skagway' 10 Vancouver English Bay, Vancouver Many delightful short excursions are made by Canadian Pacific Coast steamers during June, July and August, including one-day cruises to Jervis Inlet, afternoon cruises to the Gulf Islands, Newcastle Island, etc. These are advertised in the Vancouver newspapers. The West Coast of Vancouver Island may be called the Canadian Norway, with its rugged coast line, and heavy-timbered slopes that drop sheer into the water. Little villages and Indian settlements are found along the coast. The Canadian Pacific steamships "Princess Norah" and "Princess Maquinna," built especially for this service, sail regularly from Victoria during June, July and August. They visit numerous ports en route, on their five-hundred-mile journey to Port Alice in Quatisino Sound. Sporting A great variety of fishing can be obtained around Vancouver. In season, salmon, spring, cohoe and tyee, steel- heads, Dolly Varden, rainbow, cut-throat, and sea trout are plentiful. Within easy reach there is also wonderful shooting. Grouse, duck, teal, mallard, snipe, pheasants and partridges are plentiful in season. A Busy Port Vancouver is a highly important port. From here the well-known Canadian Pacific "Princess" steamers provide local services to Victoria, Seattle, and Northern British Columbia. Another very popular trip is by "Princess" steamer to Alaska— a nine-day two-thousand mile journey there and back through the fiord-like scenery of the Northland. There is a huge trans-Pacific business, with services to the Oriental and Antipodean countries via several routes. The Canadian Australasian Line runs regularly from Vancouver to Honolulu, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia. Its high-speed motorship "Aorangi" and her running mate "Niagara," have many devices for comfort in tropic waters. Empresses The fastest trans-Pacific service is that of the Canadian of the Pacific Pacific Steamships, which maintain regular services to Honolulu, Japan, China and the Philippines. This well-known "White Empress" fleet consists of four magnificent passenger ships, the "Empress of Japan," the "Empress of Canada," the "Empress of Asia" and the "Empress of Russia," and comprises the largest and fastest vessels on the Pacific. A large proportion of the silk trade of the Orient passes through Vancouver. Grain and Tramp ships from the seven seas ply into Vancouver. Lumber Lumber from the forests of British Columbia is a great item in her exports; but the giant elevators around the harbor indicate the growth of grain export, for much of Western grain finds its way to Vancouver elevators. Pulp, paper, canned goods, fruit and hundreds of manufactured lines are handled. MMtm/m Suspension Bridge, Capilano Canyon, Vancouver 12 N e w W e s t m i n s t e r South Side of Track Mileage east of Vancouver Altitude above sea-level North Side of Track VANCOUVER 14 Hotel Vancouver 12.6 Port Moody 14 Reach the head of Burrard Inlet. Branch to New West 16.5 Coquitlam 34 The Coquitlam River is minster crossed after leaving this point. Three miles further and the Pitt River is crossed. 21.7 Pitt Meadows 38 Fraser River. 23.9 Hammond 26 32.7 Whonnock 23 Cross Stave Creek. Branch to Huntingdon. 41.7 Mission 27 Burrard Inlet Returning to Vancouver after our triangle trip, we begin our journey eastward, forsaking the beauties of the Pacific coast for the promise of the majestic grandeur of the Rockies. Leaving behind the throbbing activity of the great Pacific outlet, we pass through its suburbs and follow the shore line of beautiful Burrard Inlet. Soon we reach Port Moody at the head of Burrard Inlet. Port Moody was the original terminal of the Canadian Pacific in 1886 for Vancouver had not then been founded. The first cargo ever carried across the Pacific Ocean for the Canadian Pacific arrived in Port Moody from Yokohama on the brig "W. B. Flint" on July 26th, 1886. With the tang of the salt sea air still in our nostrils, we speed on to Coquitlam which offers junction facilities for New Westminster. New Westminster so named by Queen Victoria, is known as "The Royal City"; but makes other claims for recognition. It is the third city of the province and its industries are growing constantly. Ocean shipping makes its way to New Westminster docks up the deep Fraser. It ships much lumber and wheat. It is connected with Vancouver by several fine highways (12J^ miles). Mission With Coquitlam left behind, Stave River is crossed, the waters of which help to supply Vancouver with electrical power, then comes prosperous Mission, a fruit growing and diary centre. At Nicomen on a clear day it is possible to see snow-capped Mount Baker, a solitary peak standing over the U. S. border directly south. Fertile Fraser flats have extended along the route from salt water. From Mission, a branch line runs 10 miles south to Huntingdon, on the International boundary between Canada and U.S. From Coquitlam another branch runs 8 miles south to New Westminster. Harrison Some seventy miles after leaving Vancouver, about Hot Springs five miles from Agassiz Station, is the delightful resort of Harrison Hot Springs. Situated on Harrison Lake, a large and picturesque body of water that flows into the Fraser River from the north, this resort has sulphur and potash hot springs of great curative and medicinal values; and recently a new and attractive hotel, with which are combined a covered swimming pool and private Turkish baths, was opened to serve as a focus for the district. Splendid opportunities are available for fishing, hunting trap shooting, golfing, boating, tennis and horseback riding. Harrison Hot Springs Hotel Photo A- Curiis Harrison Hot Springs 13 The Route from Vancouver to Petain Agassiz Harrison River is reached and crossed and we pass through rich orchards, beautiful pastures and hay meadows which will soon disappear as the Fraser River narrows. Racing along its wide reaches, it is hard to picture it as the roaring terror it is soon to become at Hell Gate. Agassiz is next reached, the station for Harrison Hot Springs. There is a Government Experimental Farm at Agassiz and from the town there is a ferry service to Chilliwack. The Chilliwack Valley comprises over 55,000 acres of rich agricultural land and is well known for its dairying. Ruby Creek The double track from Vancouver extends to Ruby Creek which obtains its name from the garnets found in the neighborhood. Petain is the junction of the Canadian Pacific more southerly route through the Rockies with the more northerly. Looking across the Fraser one sees the canyon from which the turbulent Coquihalla pours into the larger river and joins the majestic roll of the Fraser to the sea. The southerly line furnishes an alternative to the more popular northerly route from Vancouver to the Prairies. It has some spectacular scenery, especially along the Canyon of the Coquihalla River. This southern route is linked to the main line by branches at Sicamous, Revelstoke and Golden. Yale As we approach Yale, we prepare for our introduction to the mountains. An occasional glance at the Fraser shows a less placid surface and soon the railway will be compelled to burrow into the rock for its foothold; but Yale slumbers in its peaceful vale of apples, plums and cherries. It lives in memories of its historic greatness. Once the head of navigation on the Fraser and the "kicking off" place for the Cariboo road, it was one of the first incorporated communities on the mainland and boasted of a population estimated variously from seven to ten thousand. Behind the station the Historic Sites and Monuments Branch of the Dominion Government has marked the spot where British army engineers started the famous gold trail to the Cariboo. A rough stone bears a tablet which sets out: "Here began the Cariboo wagon road which extended four hundred miles to northward to the gold mines of Cariboo. Built in 1862-5. In the olden days of Cariboo, over this great highway, passed thousands of miners and millions of treasure." The way to the mountain passes is through the canyons of the Fraser and the Thompson rivers and now the Fraser will reveal some of its wild scenes. Passing through five miles of rugged grandeur we see a great rock rising in the middle of the river and standing like an island fortress against the rush of the current. Another three and a half miles and the canyon closes in, great barriers of rock curbing the river in its drop. Stages where the Indians net salmon can be seen and on the high rocks are the racks where they smoke the fish. 14 Hell Gate South Side of Track Mileage east of Vancouver Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level Mount Baker. The Harrison River is crossed at this point. 52.3 60.9 70.1 The line from Vancouver 81.0 to this point is double tracked. Jet. with the southern 87.3 route through the Rockies The site of an old trad- 101.9 ing post of Hudson's Bay Company. 7 miles from Spuzzum, Hell Gate, the climax of Fraser Canyon, is reached. 113.5 Nicomen Harrison Mills Agassiz Ruby Creek Petain Yale Spuzzum 129.0 NORTH BEND 30 47 60 Government Experi mental Farm. 103 183 220 399 493 After passing a series of tunnels, we bridge fine rock gorges at White's Creek and Skuzzy River. Spuzzum Spuzzum, crowding a bench above the river, is reached— once a Hudson's Bay Company trading post and a place of some importance when the Cariboo road crossed the Fraser on the old suspension bridge. The floods have taken out the old bridge and the other historic landmarks have disappeared in the luxuriant vegetation. The modern highway crosses the river here on a new suspension bridge. Hell Gate Between the numerous tunnels the traveller sees signs of that age-old fight of water against rock as the Fraser batters its way seaward. White's Creek and Williams' Creek are passed with occasional glimpses of the old Cariboo trail. Two jutting promontories suddenly compress the river and force it to escape in a roaring cataract through a bottle-necked outlet. This is the famous Hell Gate. Hell Gate, Fraser Canyon The Fraser Canyon 15 The Fraser River Canyon—showing the Old Cariboo Road In this narrow neck the water boils through on a wicked crest and the rock markings plainly show to what almost unbelievable heights the river rises during flood periods. North Bend Roughly two and a half miles past Hell Gate the Skuzzy river drops into the Fraser under the railway bridge in a series of basins up which the salmon vainly struggle during the running season. The track, hewn from the solid rock, not only crosses from side to side in the great canyon but tunnels through great rock spurs. As we approach North Bend, the foliage becomes less luxuriant. Here, on the limited bench above the ever-roaring Fraser, the company has established divisional point yards, leaving room for bright gardens which greet the summer visitor. North Bend is a desirable stopping place for those who wish to see more of the Fraser Canyon than is possible from the train. After leaving North Bend there can be seen here and there a garden or orchard struggling for existence on tiny benches grudgingly left by the roaring Fraser. There are Indian reservations all along the river, and often Indians may be seen spreading saknon or scooping them out with their dip reeds. Lytton Six miles before reaching Lytton we cross the canyon by a steel cantilever bridge. This is the first and only crossing of the Fraser. The scenery grows wilder than ever. The great river is forced between vertical walls of black rock where, repeatedly thrown back upon itself, it madly foams and roars. The little trading town of Lytton is the junction of the Fraser and Thompson rivers; the former has come down from the north between two great lines of mountain peaks and from now on we shall follow the Thompson. The difference between the two rivers is noticeable; the Fraser was a muddy one, the Thompson is bright green. Both rivers are historic, their names commemorating two of the earliest and most famous explorers who sought the Pacific Ocean overland from the east. The Fraser, the chief river of British Columbia, is 800 miles in length and is navigable from its mouth to about Yale. 16 The Thompson Canyon Mileage South Side of Track east of North Bend Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level Note the old Cariboo road on the opposite side of the valley. Canyon scenery fine mile after leaving Kanaka. Fraser crossed 140 feet above the river. 5.0 17.6 26.6 NORTH BEND Chaumox Kanaka Lytton 493 568 613 31.6 Gladwin 35.9 Thompson 758 673 2K miles further Salmon River is crossed. Note fine gorge up stream. The Fraser River comes in from the North and joins the Thompson. l^i miles further note the striking pinnacle (Botanie Crag) on the opposite side of the river. Thompson Canyon very fine east and west of this point. A mile past Lytton the scene is one of wild grandeur as Botanie bluff looms up across the river with its great green granite crest hanging over a many colored gorge. Soon we find ourselves running upon a ledge cut out of the bare hills on the irregular south side of the river. The mountains draw together and we wind along their face and gaze upon the boiling flood of Thompson canyon hundreds of feet below. About seven miles from Lytton we see The Jaws of Death gorge. Rail, river and highway seem to fight for space in the Thompson canyon. At low water j agged teeth of rock, the terror of the first river travellers, can be seen vainly trying to stem the torrent which foams through narrower openings. ky .; Spence's Spence's Bridge Bridge is at the junction of the Nicola and Thompson rivers and is the business centre for the Nicola Valley, a country with varied industries, such as ranching, lumbering and mining. The track opposite Spence's Bridge leading up country is none other than the old wagon road to the famous Cariboo gold country. The Thompson River Canyon Kamloops Lake 17 Kamloops Mileage South Side of Track east of North Bend Altitude above sea-level North Side of Track Valley of the Nicola. 48.8 Spence's Bridge 774 66.7 Basque 74.2 Ashcroft 96.2 Savona 101.7 Munro 121.4 KAMLOOPS 892 Two miles east the Black Canyon of the Thompson is seen. 1004 The gateway to the Cariboo country. 1163 Thompson opens out into Kamloops Lake. 1143 The Painted Bluffs, brilliantly colored rocks, are seen across the Lake. 1159 Ashcroft Passing through the gloomy gorge of the Black Canyon we speed on to Ashcroft, once a busy gateway to the Cariboo gold fields, but now exporting prosaic carloads of fruit, vegetables, cattle and sheep. It is, incidentally, famous for its potatoes. In addition to fruit farming, the surrounding country is admirably suited for cattle raising. At Savona the Thompson opens out into Kamloops Lake, a beautiful sheet of water. Early morning and evening scenes on this lake equal anything seen in the course of the mountain journey for vividness of color and splendid perspective. The railway runs along the south shore of Kamloops lake for twenty miles and, because of the series of mountain spurs projecting into the lake, a number of tunnels punctuate this twenty miles. Eleven miles from Kamloops frowning Battle Bluff rises abruptly from the water across the lake. On the bluff, close to the high water line, a careful observer can see a spot of red—a painted reminder, often renewed by present day Indians, of the fierce tribal struggle from 18 Kamloops which the height takes its name. Difficulties of railway construction are realized as the train passes through this section between Ashcroft and Kamloops. Looking north across the lake one sees the Tranquille Sanatorium of the British Columbia government. Five miles from Kamloops the train passes the loading station for the Iron Mask mine, a big copper producer from which the concentrates come down a thousand feet to the track through a pipe line. Kamloops After the run of twenty miles along the south shore of Kamloops lake we reach Kamloops (population 6,100). Kamloops, bearing an Indian name which means "the meeting place of the waters," traces its history back more than one hundred years to the time when the old Hudson's Bay Company fort was the scene of thriving fur-trading and centre of the then meagre white population of the interior. Here the South Thompson joins the North Thompson to form the main Thompson River. Both rivers drain fertile valleys. Kamloops is a beautiful city, with a climate that makes it a most desirable resort. Looking north from the station the summer glory of the community, the great valley of the North Thompson can be seen, guarded on the right by Peter Peak, which hides behind its arid shoulders the beautiful wooded valley of Paul Lake and half a dozen other lakes known to anglers who prize the game- ness of Kamloops trout. Back from the main valley of the Thompson, north and south, the country holds rich surprises for the traveller who investigates. There are many lakes and streams, most of them well stocked with game trout; irrigated farms and vast grazing reaches for cattle and sheep are the locale for some of the largest ranches in British Columbia— a country surprisingly different from that seen in the Thompson valley. Gold, copper and iron come from mines in the Kamloops area, and the city is a distribution centre for a big district. It has well-paved streets, a fine water supply, and electric power from a hydro plant on a tributary of the North Thompson. About two miles east of Kamloops, between the railway and the South Thompson River, are sites of semi-subterranean pre-historic Indian houses, which can be seen from the passing train. with its gardens which are The Route from Petain to Ashcroft Lake Shus w a p 19 The Route from Ashcroft to Sicamous Mileage Altitude South Side of Track east of above North Side of Track Kamloops sea-level KAMLOOPS 1159 The North Thompson joins the south Thompson at this point, the two rivers forming the Thompson River. 33.2 Shuswap 1153 Follow the shore of the South Thompson to Shuswap Lake. 35.1 Chase 1183 41.0 Squilax 1288 Pass along the shores of Little Shuswap Lake. 49.8 Notch Hill 1691 Railway climbs over Notch Hill. 58.2 Tappen 1158 A fine fruit district 65.4 Salmon Arm 1157 The railway follows the adjacent to railway. Salmon Arm of Shuswap Lake. 84.1 Sicamous 1154 We are now approaching Lake Shuswap, a large body of water of irregular shape which affords wonderful trout-fishing. With its bordering slopes it reminds the traveller strongly of Scottish scenery. It has the reputation of containing more varieties of trout and other fish— including steel-head and land-locked salmon—than any other water in British Columbia. Chase Chase is the gateway to an extensive territory for big game hunting, bird shooting and fishing. The various waters in the vicinity are plentifully stocked with trout. Notch Hill To avoid the circuitous course around the lake, the railway strikes through the forest over the top of Notch Hill. Salmon Arm Salmon Arm is a very prosperous fruit and mixed farming community, situated on a long arm of Shuswap Lake. Sicamous Sicamous is the junction of the main line with the Okanagan Valley branch. (Main Line Journey resumed on page 22) 20 The Ok a n a g a n Va 1.1 ey Mileage Altitude south of above Sicamous sea-lev el f 0.0 SICAMOUS 1153 Connecting east or west. 23.0 Enderby 1160 By Rail { 31.8 Armstrong 1182 46.2 Vernon 1250 ( 79.6 1 Kelowna Kelowna Peachland 1133 1133 1133 By Stage 1 Summerland Naramata 1133 1133 I PENTICTON 1133 Connecting west to Vancouver or east to Nelson and Calgary. Branch line to Okanagan Valley Enderby is a progressive town in a fertile fruit-growing and mixed- farming country, with considerable dairying and also an enormous lumber output. Fishing is good and the big game plentiful. Armstrong is another flourishing town with a large central creamery and several industries, and a prosperous tributary agricultural country; it is particularly noted for the production of celery. Vernon is the largest town, the judicial centre, and the central distributing point of the northern Okanagan Valley. Near here is the famous Coldstream Ranch, with about 13,000 acres of fruit lands. At Okanagan Landing we board a Canadian Pacific steamer for the remainder of the trip. ■ft iHHH Okanagan Lake Okanagan Lake 21 Mileage Altitude South Side of Track east of above North Side of Track Kamloops sea-level Branch line to Okanagan 84.1 SICAMOUS 1153 Shuswap Lake. Valley. Hotel Sicamous Hunters Range. Shuswap Mountain. Follow the valley of 100.5 Craigellachie 1225 Monument to commem Eagle River from Sica orate completion of the mous. Canadian Pacific at this point. (See page 22). 104.6 Taft 1279 Griffin Mountain (7,072 Eagle Pass Mountains. feet). Three Valley Lake. 114.2 Three Valley 1636 Mount Macpherson 120.3 Clanwilliam 1820 Eagle Pass is reached (7,893 feet). here. The railway follows the narrow valley of the Ton- kawatla River. Mount Begbie (8,956 128.8 REVELSTOKE 1494 Shortly before reaching feet). Revelstoke, we cross the Columbia River. Okanagan Lake This is one of the most famous fruit-growing regions of Canada. Journeying by rail and stage, one sees striking examples of "bench-land" formation—orchards rising tier by tier in what look like gigantic steps. On these bench-lands, on the occasional bottom lands, and even on the hilly slopes that descend into the water, grow all kinds of sub-tropical fruit, peaches, apricots, cherries, apples, plums, walnuts, almonds and grapes of superfine quality. Irrigation is practised, the flume that carries the life-giving water being a conspicuous feature of the orchard country. At Killiney on the west shore at the north end of the Okanagan Lake and at other points, attractive arrangements can usually be made for summer guests. It is reached by stage from Vernon. The Okanagan Valley is renowned for the quality of its produce, and fruit from this district has on several occasions taken championship prizes at international shows. Kelowna is an important city, with some fifty thousand acres of first- class fruit lands, much of which is under cultivation, tributary to it. The city has several packing plants and canneries. It is a pretty point, with a park with a lake frontage. Peachland, Summer- land and Naramata are fertile fruit-raising districts, with a certain amount of cattle-raising a few miles back. Penticton at the southern end of the lake, is a very prosperous city, centre of a rich fruit-growing district, and very attractive to the tourist. It has a good hotel in the Incola. The Canadian Pacific line from Vancouver to Nelson passes through Penticton, and affords an alternative to the more popular route through the Rockies. The Hotel Sicamous 22 Craigellachie The Route from Sicamous to Revelstoke Main Line Journey Resumed (Sicamous to Revelstoke) Sicamous Sicamous is also a favorite stop-over point for travellers who, having traversed the canyons, wish also to see by daylight the wonderful mountain scenery that lies between here and Calgary. To accommodate this traffic, the Canadian Pacific owns a comfortable hotel on the shore of the lake, which is operated by a lessee. Craigellachie From Sicamous, in three quarters of an hour we reach Craigellachie, where an obelisk alongside the track commemorates the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was here, on November 7, 1885, that the rails from the east met the rails from the west and the long cherished vision of a Canadian transcontinental railway became a reality. The first through train from East to West left Montreal on June 28, 1886, and reached Port Moody —then the Pacific terminal of the road—on July 4. Eagle Pass Between Sicamous and Revelstoke is the Monashee mountain system, the most conspicuous peak being Mount Begbie. Eagle Pass, through which the railway crosses, appears to have been cut purposely for it, so deep and direct is it. Several lakes occur at short intervals, and in turn force the railway into the mountain sides. Open-top observation cars are attached to the rear end of Canadian Pacific passenger trains through the mountains, during the summer season. These cars afford superb opportunities or viewing the magnificent scenery. Revelstoke a flourishing city, with a population of 3,500, lies in the beautiful Columbia River Valley, surrounded by lofty and picturesque mountains, some clothed with trees and verdure to their very peaks, others crowned with rugged and rocky spires or glistening glaciers. It is the gateway to the Kootenay and Arrow Lakes, and is the centre of large timber and mineral districts. Revelstoke is in the heart of very fine hunting grounds, and the Alpine climber will find whole worlds to conquer. Besides the drive up Mount Revelstoke, there is also the beautiful excursion along the Columbia River. In winter, a very popular winter-sport carnival is held here, and as a matter of fact some of the finest ski-jumpers of Canada have graduated on the "Big- Hill" at Revelstoke. Mount Revelstoke 100 square miles in extent, is bounded on the National Park south by the lllecillewaet River. It includes not only the striking mountain from which it derives its name, but also the Clachnacudainn Range. The park, altogether a mountain-top one, provides a wonderful automobile trip. A road, as hard and smooth as a city boulevard, has been constructed by the Dominion Government to the summit. The road ascends by an easy grade through a virgin forest, winding The Arrow Lakes 23 ■SflHuH Revelstoke, from Mount Revelstoke along rocky ledges and on the verge of deep chasms. The glory of the ride is the remarkable view that can be obtained all the way up of the valley below—the Selkirks towering on the one hand, the Monashee Mountains on the other, and the Columbia and lllecillewaet Rivers twisting like ribbons around the city. (Main Line Journey resumed on page 24) Branch line to Arrow Lakes By Rail Mileage south of Revelstoke / 0.0 REVELSTOKE \ 27.5 Arrowhead Altitude above sea-level 1196 Connecting east or west. 1405 By Lake Steamer f Arrowhead 40.4 Halcyon < 64.4 Nakusp 1156.4 Robson West 1414 Branch line to Kaslo, on Kootenay Lake. 1422 By Rail / Robson West \183.8 NELSON 1774 Connecting east to Calgary or west to Vancouver. From Revelstoke this branch runs south to Arrowhead, whence a delightful trip is made down the Arrow Lakes to Nelson. The service down this lake is provided by the excellent and comfortable steamer service of the Canadian Pacific. The Arrow Lakes, lying in a long deep valley between the western slopes of the Selkirks and the Monashee Mountains, are formed by the Columbia Valley's broadening out on its way south. These beautiful lakes, although virtually one, are classified as two, Upper and Lower, very much the same size and connected by a wide but circuitous channel. The surrounding country has supplied lumber from the forests that clothe its slopes to many a sawmill, while of recent years settlers have come in and made clearings for orchards. The population, however, is still comparatively sparse. Halcyon Hot Springs are well and favorably known owing to the curative properties of the waters, which contain a high percentage of lithium. There is a comfortable sanatorium hotel here. Nakusp is the distributing centre of the upper lake, which is here about three miles wide. There are some excellent hot springs in the hills, about nine miles from the town. Nakusp is the headquarters of the Arrow Lake lumber industry, the shipping point for vast quantities of lumber, poles, fence posts, and other timber products. A branch line runs from here to Roseberry. 24 T h e IK ootenays The Route from Revelstoke to Glacier Mileage South Side of Track east of Revelstoke Altitude above sea-level North Side of Track Branch line to the Arrow Lakes. Revelstoke National Park. Mount Mackenzie (8,064 feet). Valley of Flat Creek. Mount Green (8,870 feet). Ross Peak (7,728 feet). Mount Bonney (10,215 feet). 6.1 20.9 27.5 32.4 36.1 REVELSTOKE Greely Albert Canyon lllecillewaet Flat Creek Ross Peak 1496 1667 2226 2713 3094 3434 Western end of the Selkirks. A stop is made (in summer only) to see Albert Canyon, a fine rock gorge about 150 feet deep. At this point we pass the western boundary of Glacier Park. Along the lower lake there has been some development in fruitgrowing, very fine cherries, apples and melons being produced. At Robson West rail connection is made to Nelson or westward to Penticton and Vancouver. Nelson is charmingly situated on a commanding eminence overlooking the West Arm of Kootenay Lake, and is the commercial centre of the Kootenay district. At the convergence of lake and rail systems, it is an attractive city in which life passes very pleasantly. Nelson is the centre of a very large mining district: immediately behind it is the mountain in which is located the famous * 'Silver King" mine. Connection for the Crow's Nest Pass route to Lethbridge and Calgary is made here. Main Line Journey Resumed (Revelstoke to Field) We now ascend the western slopes of the Selkirk Range, the second largest of the various great mountain systems that compose the Canadian Rockies. The scenery is magnificently impressive, a foretaste of what we shall traverse for nearly three hundred miles. From Revelstoke to Glacier we follow the lllecillewaet River, which presently owing to the presence of glacial mud grows pea-green in color. Twin Butte takes its name from the double summit nearby to the right, now known as Mounts Mackenzie and Tilley. In this district is the home of the woodland or blackfaced caribou, the mountain goat and the grizzly, cinnamon and black bear. Glacier 25 Mount Sir Donald, near Glacier Albert Canyon is a deep fissure GLACIER PARK, covering an in the solid rock, area of 521 square miles, differs its walls rising straight up on both very noticeably from the other sides to wooded crags. The railway parks of the Canadian Rockies. It runs along the very edge of this has an atmosphere of austere ma- gorge. We see the river nearly 150 • . , , . , , ,. „r<L, .^ feet below, boiling angrily in a nar- Jesty and hl^h loveliness With its row twenty-foot flume. Continuing massive peaks and giant glaciers, the ascent to Glacier, the line Glacier Park has somewhat of an touches for a moment on the base air of isolation and mystery. Sur- of Ross Peak and confronts Mount rounding it, too, are some dense Cheops, on the other side of the forests of fine trees, of great age; lllecillewaet. these will be particularly noticed on the way to Nakimu Caves, in Glacier Glacier is the station for the Cougar Valley. Glacier National Park— the features of which include the lllecillewaet Glacier, the Asulkan Valley, the Nakimu Caves, and some magnificent climbing. At the present time some of the peaks in the Park have still to be climbed. The lllecillewaet Glacier This great plateau of gleaming ice, framed in a dark forest of giant cedar, hemlock and spruce trees, scarred by immense crevasses of great depth and covering an area of about ten square miles, is about four miles from the station. It affords some remarkable opportunities of observing the movements and recession of glaciers. Mount Sir Donald, a magnificent peak named after Sir Donald Smith, later Lord Strathcona, can be reached by an extension trail from the glacier trail, and furnishes one of the most attractive climbs of the region. The return trip may be taken along the alternative trail on the east bank of the river. The Nakimu Caves These curious caves, discovered in 1904, are situated on the lower slope of Mount Cheops and Ursus Major, in the Cougar Valley. A series of subterranean chambers, formed by water erosion, they are characterized by beautiful interior marble markings, and have been explored for a distance of nearly a mile from the entrance. Nakimu is the Indian word for "grumbling caves." 26 Connaught Tunnel Mileage South Side of Track east of Revelstoke Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level Mount Sir Donald (10,- 818 feet), the pyramidal- shaped peak. Glacier is stopping place for lllecillewaet Glacier and many fine mountain trips. Leave Connaught Tunnel. 40.3 46.8 49.1 51.1 57.9 GLACIER Connaught Stoney Creek Rogers Mount Cheops (8,516 feet) and road to Nakimu Caves. 3778 Immediately on leaving Glacier we plunge into the Connaught Tunnel. Hermit Range. Cross Stoney Creek, 270 feet above stream. Cross Surprise Creek, 170 feet above stream. 2592 Connaught Tunnel Immediately we leave Glacier station we plunge into the Connaught Tunnel. Until the year 1916, the railway crossed the Selkirks through Rogers Pass (altitude 4,342 feet), following Bear Creek and then bending round to Glacier and back again to the lllecillewaet River in a series of sharp loops. This was a most spectacular route, affording some magnificent views of Mount Macdonald, Mount Tupper, and other giant peaks; but it had many disadvantages, amongst which were the enormous track curvature and the necessity of maintaining long stretches of snow sheds. These difficulties were finally overcome by the construction of the Connaught Tunnel under Mount Macdonald, named in honor of H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, Governor-General of Canada at the time of its opening in 1916. It was until recently the longest tunnel in America, measuring slightly over five miles from portal to portal; and it not only eliminated track curvature to an amount corresponding to seven complete circles, but also lowered the summit attained by the railway by 552 feet, reduced the length of the line by 4^ miles and dispensed with 43^ miles of snow- sheds. The tunnel is double tracked, cement-lined and measures 29 feet from side to side and 21^ feet from the base of rail to the crown. Its construction involved the tunnelling of a pioneer bore paralleling the centre line of the main tun* nel—a feature that was new and aroused the interest of tunnel engineers the world over. The lllecillewaet Valley, Glacier The Selkirk Range 27 The Route from Glacier to Golden Stoney Creek Rogers Pass was named in honor of Major Rogers, one of the pioneer surveyors of this region, who discovered this route. Mount Macdonald (9,492 feet) towers nearly a mile above the railway in almost vertical height. The principal difficulty in constructing this part of the line was the torrents, many of them in splendid cascades, which came down through narrow gorges cut deeply into the steep slopes along which the railway creeps. The greatest of all these bridges crosses Stoney Creek—a noisy torrent flowing in the bottom of a narrow V-shaped channel 312 feet below the rails—the highest bridge on the Canadian Pacific main line. A little farther on, Cedar Creek is crossed, a little east of where a very high bridge, spanning a foaming cascade, affords one of the most beautiful prospects of the whole journey. So impressed were the railway builders with the charm of this magnificent picture that they named it The Surprise. Beavermouth From Connaught to Beavermouth we follow the Beaver River, crossing it about two miles before reaching the latter as well as crossing six streams flowing from the north. A last look back will reveal a long line of the higher peaks of the Selkirks, in echelon, culminating in the exceedingly lofty pinnacle of Mount Sir Donald. At Beavermouth, the farthest north station of the transcontinental route, we practically leave the Selkirks proper, although for some way we follow the Dogtooth Kicking Horse Canyon, near Field, B.C. Range, a spur of the system. 28 The Columbia River Mileage Altitude South Side of Track east of above North Side of Track Revelstoke sea-level 54.8 Cross Mountain Creek, 150 feet above stream. 57.9 Rogers 2592 At this point we meet the Columbia which has flowed in a Big Bend around the Selkirks from Revelstoke. 63.0 73.0 Beavermouth 2433 Farthest north station of the transcontinental route. Cross the Columbia River. 74.3 Donald 2580 78.3 Forde 2563 Dogtooth Mountains, a part of the Purcell Range. 84.3 Moberly 2558 Moberly Peak (7,7 31 feet). 90.8 Golden 2583 Edelweiss, winter home of the Swiss Guides. Columbia River Next we are in the upp er can1 yon of the Columbia River which, with but one exception, is the largest river on the west side of America, and which, rising in Columbia Lake and flowing through Lake Windermere, makes the famous Big Bend, paralleling the railway for several miles until it leaves it at the lower slopes of the Selkirks to re-appear at Revelstoke on its way south to the United States. This is the solution of a problem that sometimes puzzles the traveller, that the Columbia River should apparently be flowing towards the mountains instead of away from them. The mountain ranges force the river through a narrow gorge to the high slopes above which the railway clings. The Columbia River is nearly 1,400 miles long and drains a basin of nearly 300,000 square miles. It is the route of history, the path by which some of the earliest explorers reached the Pacific Ocean. Moberly About two miles before reaching Moberly, on the south just before crossing Blaeberry River, is the site of the oldest cabin in the mountains—the cabin where the government survey party, under Walter Moberly, engaged in the preliminary survey for the railway, passed the winter of 1871-2. They wintered their stock on the shore of what is now Lake Windermere. Moberly takes its name from Mount Moberly, one of the most prominent peaks for some miles along the river valley. Edelweiss To the left of the track, shortly before reaching Golden station, can be seen the model Swiss village of "Edelweiss," erected by the Canadian Pacific for the Swiss guides whom it employs for the benefit of mountain climbers. Previous to the erection of this village, which lies on the slopes of a hill and reproduces with remarkable verisimilitude the characteristic architecture of the Swiss chalet, the guides had always returned to Switzerland at the end of each season. Now they live in Canada the entire year. Golden Golden is an interesting town with large lumbering and mining interests. It commands the trade of the fertile Windermere Valley to the south. MJf///A^MIUMli"))illlHlSlillUL!B £ is Near Connaught Tunnel 5 xsiimw Beavermouth Canyon 30 Lake Windermere Branch line to Columbia Valley and Crow's Nest Pass Mileage south of Golden Altitude above sea-leve I 0.0 GOLDEN 2583 Connecting east or west. For Radium Hot Springs Lodge. 41.1 65 3 Spillimacheen Radium 2590 2606 73 9 LAKE WINDERMERE 2615 143 7 Fort Steele 2510 157 7 Bull River 2462 166 7 Colvalli 2653 Connecting east to Cal 194.5 CRANBROOK 3013 gary or west to Nelson. Lake Windermere From Golden this branch line runs south through the fertile Columbia Valley, touching for a considerable part of the journey the beautiful Lake Windermere, and joining the Crow's Nest Line at Colvalli. From Golden we travel past many new settlements, from the clearings of which smoke is sometimes still rising, until we reach Spillimacheen, where there is a wonderful view of the Purcell Range. The Banff-Windermere motor road (see page 57) joins the Columbia River Highway near Radium Hot Springs, about 60 miles from Golden. The scenery of this valley is splendid, and the canyons and creeks on either side furnish excellent sport. On the left is the slope of the Rockies; on the right, the panorama of the Purcells. Lake Windermere is a popular centre for excursions into the beautiful country surrounding. One of the most delightful warm water lakes in British Columbia, it is the starting point for excursions up Toby Creek and Horse Thief Creek to the great ice fields of the Purcells, notably the Lake of the Hanging Glaciers. There are curative hot springs at Radium and Fairmont. Bathing, riding, boating, fishing, motoring can be enjoyed on the shores of this lake, and alpine climbers can make expeditions into the Purcells. There is good trout fishing in nearby creeks and some of the smaller lakes. Lake Windermere was discovered by the famous explorer, David Thompson, in 1807; and a memorial fort, reproducing his stockaded post, has now been built. Fort Steele has grown up to meet the needs of the ranching and fruit-growing districts surrounding it. Lead, copper, silver, gold and iron are found in the neighbourhood. Bull River is a lumbering town, with some important sawmills, and the source of power supply for the Sullivan Mines at Kimberley. Good fishing and hunting may be obtained in the vicinity. Cranbrook is the trading centre for a rich mining and agricultural region in the Crow's Nest Pass country. It is an important point on the more southerly Crow's Nest Pass line of the Canadian Pacific, from Lethbridge to Kootenay Lake and Nelson, whence there is an alternative route to Vancouver. MOTOR DRIVES IN THE ROCKIES 31 MOTOR DETOUR: Banff-Golden The Motor Detour is designed to give Canadian Pacific eastbound or westbound passengers an opportunity of seeing the scenic highlights of the Canadian Rockies in the limited time they may have at their disposal. Going WEST, passengers leave their train at Banff and make the Detour to Golden in the comfortable buses of the Brewster Transport Company. From Golden they resume their rail journey. Going EAST, passengers leave the train at Golden, resuming their rail journey at Banff. Highlights of the Motor Detour include Banff, Lake Louise, The Great Divide, the Kicking Horse Canyon, Yoho Valley and Emerald Lake. Stop-over privileges are allowed at any point en route. Passengers may therefore spend three or four days, or even longer, on the Detour. It can, however, be made in 24 hours by those whose time is strictly limited. THE LARIAT TRAIL: Three Days—Three National Parks This magnificent 300 mile ride not only follows the same route as the Motor Detour mentioned above, but also includes the far-famed Banff-Windermere Road. Overnight stops at Emerald Lake Chalet and Radium Hot Springs Lodge. RAWHIDE TRAIL TRIP: Emerald Lake—Waterton Lakes This 23^ day trip runs between Emerald Lake and Waterton Lakes (in both directions) through the Kicking Horse Canyon, Columbia River Valley and the Crow's Nest Pass. Overnight stops are made at Radium Hot Springs Lodge and Blairmore. BANFF GENERAL DRIVE A comprehensive 2j/£ hour drive round Banff including the Sulphur Springs, Buffalo Park, Tunnel Mountain and the Golf Links. 22 miles. BANFF—LAKE LOUISE An enchanting 42 mile drive with a stop at Johnston Canyon. Operated in both directions. LAKE MINNEWANKA A combined 3 hour motor and launch trip to Lake Minnewanka, from Banff. LAKE LOUISE TO EMERALD LAKE VIA YOHO VALLEY Across The Great Divide and along the Canyon of the Kicking Horse River. 42 miles one way, 3 hours. Return, all day. LAKE LOUISE TO MORAINE LAKE AND VALLEY OF THE TEN PEAKS Unsurpassed scenic drive mid mountains towering ten and eleven thousand feet above the sea. 18 miles, round trip, 2% hours. YOHO PARK CIRCLE TOUR FROM FIELD Comprehensive tour of Yoho Park for those with limited time at their disposal. 4 hours. Operated by BREWSTER TRANSPORT COMPANY Banff Springs Hotel and Golf Course © A.S.N. 34 Kicking Horse Canyon The Route from Golden to Field Main Line Journey Resumed Kicking Horse Canyon At Golden we begin ascending again. From here to Field we shall climb 1,500 feet in 35 miles, for we are now entering the Rockies proper, taking that name in its scientific sense of meaning one range only. For a considerable distance we follow the noisy, turbulent Kicking Horse River on its way to join the Columbia. The spectacular new "Kicking Horse Trail" motor road can be seen. This is the route of the new. "Motor Detour." For full information regarding this spectacular motor run, and other motor trips in the Rockies, see page 31. A TRAIL TRIP into the depths of the mountains forms the most enjoyable way of visiting beautiful spots that would not otherwise be easily accessible. The mountain pony, mountain- bred, fool-proof, untiring, can be ridden by practically anyone, whether he or she has ever before been on a horse or not. From all Canadian Pacific hotels and mountain lodges, there are good roads and trails radiating which are kept up by the National Parks Department. Some trail trips are of one day's duration only; others stretch over several days. Several circle trail rides are arranged for visitors' convenience. The canyon rapidly deepens until, beyond Palliser, the mountain sides become vertical. The roar of the river as it rushes from side to side of the narrow gorge, the thunder of the train as it follows the river—pandemonium increased a thousandfold by the reverberations of the canyon walls—give an indescribable sensation. Whether seen from the railway or from the motor road which is often at a considerable height above the line, the canyon presents an awe-inspiring sight and thrills the modern traveller as it thrilled the pioneers who were laying the ribbon of steel across the continent and making Confederation possible. At the base of Mount Hunter we leave the canyon and the river widens somewhat. The narrow valley of the Kicking Horse divides the Ottertail Range on the south from the Van Home Range on the north and a vivid contrast in mountain formation is evident between the two ranges. The Yoho Valley 35 Mileage South Side of Track east of Revelstoke Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level The Kicking Horse River enters the Columbia, the wide valley of which is seen to the south. Branch to Lake Windermere and Cranbrook (see page 30). 90.8 GOLDEN 2583 Western end of Rockies. Motor Detour to Emerald Lake, Yoho Valley, Lake Louise and Banff. See page 31. Beaverfoot Range. 98.0 Glenogle 103.2 Palliser 108.7 Leanchoil Mount Hurd (9,275 feet). 117.5 Ottertail 121.5 Emerald Mount Stephen (10,495 125.7 FIELD feet) and Mount Dennis (8,336 feet). 3008 From the train we have a fine view of the new "Kicking Horse Trail" —a very spectacular motor road from Golden to Emerald Lake. 3288 Slopes of Mount Hunter (8,662 feet). 3685 Two miles before reaching Leanchoil we enter Yoho National Park. Looking eastward, there is a very striking view of Mount Chancellor (10,761 feet). 3702 Van Home Range- Mount King (9,466 feet^. 3900 4075 Emerald Lake Chalet Yoho Valley Lodge Entering Yoho Park At Leanchoil we enter the Yoho Park. On the right, Mounts Vaux and Chancellor are seen, the glacier on the former plainly visible. Mount Chancellor (10,761 feet) is one of the giant peaks of the Ottertail Range. One mile before reaching Emerald we can see Mount Goodsir (11,786 feet) on the right, the highest of the Ottertail group. Field Field is the divisional point between the British Columbia and Alberta districts of the railway. Towering 6,000 feet higher than the little town is seen Mount Stephen (10,495 feet) at the base of which roars the turbulent Kicking Horse River which the railway will follow for a considerable distance. YOHO PARK (area 507 square miles) immediately adjoins Banff National Park on the west, and lies, broadly speaking, on the descending slopes of the Rockies, with the President and Van Home ranges as its western boundary. It is a region of charm and winsome beauty, of giant mountains and deep forests, of rushing rivers and sapphire-like lakes. Its principal river is the Kicking Horse, with the Ottertail and Yoho as main tributaries; its chief lakes are Emerald, Wapta, McArthur, O'Hara and Sherbrooke. The Canadian Pacific runs through the middle of Yoho Park, following the Kicking Horse River. Yoho National Park Field is the gateway to the wonderful mountain resort area, the far-famed Yoho Valley, which stretches away to the north between great glacier-bound peaks. Yoho Park, another of the National Parks reached by the Canadian Pacific, has an area of 507 square miles. All points in the Park at which accommodation is provided are linked up either by road or good trail. 36 Emerald Lake -ROADS . TRAILS Scale of Miles 12 3 4 CANADIAN PACIFIC RY. Yoho National Park Emerald Lake From Field it is seven miles out by motor to Emerald Lake, by a fine road through the hush of a scented pine-forest. Soon you reach Natural Bridge—an ineffective effort on the part of nature to curb the foaming passage of the Kicking Horse by choking the river bed with huge boulders. The road becomes Snowpeak Avenue—because at either end of its straight cathedral-stiff avenue can be seen a towering snow-capped mountain. The superb green of Emerald Lake is almost beyond Nature's achievement in any other lake in the Rockies. Tall pines crowd to the water's edge to see their perfect reflection, and to see inverted in the emerald mirror the snowy giants that surround it. Burgess looms at one end of the lake, while more distant are Wapta, Michael, President, Carnarvon and Emerald. The Chalet Emerald Lake Chalet is built of great squared timbers fortress-like in their solidity, surrounded by rustic design chalets. The settlement now consists of three units—the original Chalet, the Club House, and the bungalows. The Chalet, recently enlarged, is along Swiss Chalet lines, with deep overhanging balconies. The Club House is what its name implies; it is an especial favorite at nights, either the verandah, with its magnificent sunset and moonlight views, or indoors, where a good floor for dancing, comfortable chairs for lounging, card-tables, a library and a great log fire provide enter^ tainment for all. 38 Emerald Lake Emerald Lake Chalet The bungalows are of various sizes, most daintily and comfortably furnished, with hot and cold running water, bathrooms, stoves and good sized cupboards. All of them have their individual verandahs, and the larger ones are "en suite" with connecting doors. Many Excursions Emerald Lake has a fair supply of trout, and its vicinity affords many charming excursions on foot or by trail. There is a good trail all around the Lake, which is the shortest four and a half miles you've ever walked, and perhaps the loveliest, and another to Hamilton Falls. A boat-house provides skiffs for water excursions. RUSTIC LODGES are located at several points in the Canadian Rockies, both to supplement the capacity of the hotels and also to provide accommodation of a somewhat different kind. These lodges make a special appeal to the climber, the trail rider or the hiker; they are, on the whole, less formal than the hotels. The accommodation provided consists of a large central building, serving as the dining and community house, and of separate sleeping bungalows of various sizes; Lodges are now established at Lake Wapta, Lake O'Hara, Yoho Valley, Moraine Lake, and Radium Hot Springs. Yoho Pass One of the finest trail trips from Emerald Lake, on the back of a sturdy sure-footed mounted pony, is to the Summit—the pass leading into the Yoho Valley. The return journey can be made in four hours afoot or by pony, but many people prefer to make it an all-day affair. Following the road to the end of the Lake, you begin to climb up an eighteen-hundred-foot treeless cliff, while more and more of the world spreads out beneath you, and Emerald Lake far below grows smaller and greener. A last stiff pull and you are over the top, cantering gaily through a cool moist forest, and then Yoho Lake, green like Emerald, but not so large, flashes in the clearing. From Yoho Pass there is a good trail leading down to the Yoho Valley, coming out near the Lodge. The view from the top is a magnificent one of wide vistas, with Takakkaw Falls on the far side of the Valley. The Yoho Valley 39 Yoho Valley Lodge Yoho Valley The Yoho Valley can be reached also direct from Field, by a good motor road (11 miles) that follows the Kicking Horse River and then turns at the Yoho River, near the entrance to the valley at Mount Field, round which it swings, and up the valley until some precipitous cliffs are reached. The pine forest gives a welcome shade and fragrance, and, as the way winds up the cliffs to a higher level, the Yoho torrent foaming below shrinks with distance. Up these it zigzags to a still higher level, ending a short distance past the Takakkaw Falls. Takakkaw, the stream that comes down from the Daly Glacier, is 1,200 feet high. Yoho Valley Lodge The Lodge with accommodation for 64 people, is situated in a meadow within sight and sound of Takakkaw Falls, It is an ideal place for hikers and riders; and, like the other lodges of the region, consists of a central club house with separate wooden sleeping bungalows. Upper Valley The Yoho Valley is one of the most beautiful in the entire Rockies. From the Lodge a fine trail winds into the upper part of the valley, past Laughing Falls and the Twin Falls (two vast columns of water that drop almost perpendicularly), to the Yoho and President Glaciers and the Waputik ice fields. The Yoho Glacier is one of the most interesting in the Canadian Rockies, and is highly picturesque. The High Trail You can return by the "High Trail," mounting through Alpine meadows, carpeted with purple and white bryanthus, till you come out of the scent of wild flowers and balsam high over Yoho Valley. Across the valley, the great Waputik snowfield and Takakkaw Falls glisten in the sun and you can pick out in that clear air the faint black of the Canadian Pacific track going into the Spiral Tunnels beyond the Kicking Horse River. Soon you reach Yoho Lake. 40 The Spiral Tunnels South Side of Track Mileage east of Field Altitude above sea-level North Side of Track Mount Stephen feet). Monarch Silver on slopes. (io,495 Mines Enter Second Tunnel. Cathedral Mountain (10,464 feet). 4.2 6.4 11.7 FIELD Cathedral Yoho Wapta Lodge Hector 4075 4495 Mount feet). 5219 Burgess (8,473 Mount Field (8,655 feet). Enter first of the famous Spiral Tunnels. (See below). Mount Ogden (8,805 feet). Between the two Spiral Tunnels a view is obtained of the celebrated Yoho Valley. Kicking Horse River rises in Lake Wapta. Station Lodge. for Wapta Burgess Pass Or from Summit Lake you can turn in another direction, round on to Burgess Pass (altitude 7,160 feet). It is a wonderful journey. The great crags of Wapta flaunt up to the left, and to the right, at every step, there appear higher up new visions of the President Range. The guide can point out to you the way to the now well-known Burgess Pass Fossil Quarry, which was discovered by Dr. Walcott in 1910. Descent to Field can be made from the Pass. The Spiral Tunnels From Field to the Great Divide, a distance of fourteen miles, the railway has to climb nearly a quarter of a mile though the Kicking Horse Pass. Formerly this was a difficult track, the gradient being 4.5 per cent, but by two wonderful tunnels, forming one of the most notable engineering feats in existence, this difficulty has now been eliminated and the grade reduced to 2.2 percent. These tunnels are the famous"Spiral Tunnels." From the west the track enters the first tunnel, 2,900 feet long, under Mount Ogden (8,805 feet), and after turning a complete circle and passing above itself it comes out 50 feet higher. The track then turns westerly and, crossing the river, enters the second tunnel, 3,255 feet in length, under Cathedral Mountain. Again turning a complete circle and emerging above itself, it runs out into daylight 45 feet Field—The Spiral Tunnels higher. JOcff4ff/£ IniniHiH'iinimEnm^M/na: Mount Stephen, from tunnel KH1U\\€ 42 Wapta and O'Hara Lake Wapta Lodge Lake Wapta Hector is the detraining point for Wapta Lodge on Lodge the shores of Lake Wapta. The lake itself is most beautifully set in an old glacier cup and, like most lakes in the Rockies, its color is an indescribable green, varying with every whim of the atmosphere. The Lodge, with its community house and log cabins, can accommodate 54 guests. From the lodge you can see stern Mount Stephen, Victoria with her gleaming opalescent scarf of snow and ice, Narao and Cathedral crags. Two and a half miles of beautifully wooded trail will take you to Sherbrooke Lake which lies in a depression between Mount Ogden and Paget Peak. Here there is excellent fishing. In another direction is Ross Lake hidden between Niblock and Narao. Lake O'Hara Lake O'Hara lies eight miles south of Wapta, and can be reached by a splendid trail. The trail winds on, now ascending, now descending, first through a dense forest, thence into an Alpine flower garden. Lake O'Hara Lodge is situated on the very edge of the lake. The lodge consists of a central building and a group of log cabins, which together accommodate 43, the former on the Swiss Chalet style, decorated in a rustic fashion. O'Hara does not advertise modern luxuries, but its grate fires, comfortable chairs, hot and cold water baths, simple but well-cooked meals and insomnia-proof beds take away the rough edges of camping life. The lake is well stocked with trout. Everybody who visits O'Hara takes the trip to Lake McArthur. It is cupped in the Biddle amphitheatre, absolutely barren of trees and overhung on one side by Schaffer and on the other side by Park Mountain. Where time permits, the journey should be continued to Lake Oesa over which the very spirit of silence broods. The Great Divide Six miles before Lake Louise and fourteen miles after leaving Field is at once the highest elevation of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the boundary between Alberta and British Columbia, and the very backbone of the continent. It is marked by an arch spanning a stream under which the water divides. The waters that flow to the east eventually reach Hudson's Bay and the Atlantic Ocean; the rivulet that runs to the west joins the Kicking Horse River and adds its mite to the volume of the Pacific by way of the Great Columbia River. Lake Louise 43 South Side of Track Mileage east of Field Altitude above sea-level North Side of Track 11.7 13.9 Mount Niblock (9,764 feet). This is the highest elevation reached by the railway, the boundary between Alberta and British Columbia and the watershed. (See page 46). Mount St. Piran (8,691 20.0 feet). Lake Louise is 3 miles from station. Moraine Lake Lodge is 9 miles from the Chateau. Hector Stephen 5219 5332 Mount Bosworth (9,093 feet). Mount Daly (10- 342 feet). 14.4 The Great Divide 5338 LAKE LOUISE 5050 Waputik Peak. Chateau Lake Louise Trail to the Ptarmigan country, with its magnificent Alpine flower gardens. On the left is the granite shaft erected to the memory of Sir James Hector, the discoverer of the Kicking Horse Pass, which permits the Canadian Pacific Railway to cross the Rockies. The pass owes its name to an incident of exploration days, in which a "kicking horse" which lashed out with its legs at one of the explorers figured literally. Lake Louise Twenty miles from Field we reach the charming rustic station of Lake Louise. The famous lake and the equally famous Chateau are invisible from the station as they are some 3 miles distant. To reach them we must ascend another 630 feet, which we do by motor bus or private automobile. This trip is through a deep forest, with the sky a narrow strip above the tall tree-tops; and turning a shoulder of the mountain, across a rushing mountain torrent, we come suddenly into full view of the lake. (Railway Journey resumed on page 48) Lake O'Hara Lodge 44 Chateau Lake Louise Chateau Lake Louise The Chateau On the margin of LAKE LOUISE—probably the this most perfect most perfect gem of scenery in the lake, in a wonderful Alpine flower known world—bears the liquid garden where poppies, violets, col- music, the soft color notes of its umbines, anemones and sheep laurel name, almost into the realm of the slope through terraced lawns to the visible. It is a dramatic palette water's edge—the Canadian Pacific upon which the Great Artist has has placed its great Chateau Lake splashed his most gorgeous hues, a Louise (altitude 5,680 feet). This wonderful spectrum of color, has been repeatedly enlarged to meet the demands of an ever- increasing stream of tourists, until today a fire-proof modern and luxurious hotel with accommoda- Deepest and most exquisitely colored is the lake itself, sweeping from rosy dawn to sunset through gieen, blue, amethyst and violet, undershot by gold; dazzling white tion for seven hundred guests now is the sun-glorified Victoria Glacier at the farther end; sombre are the enclosing pine-clad peaks that dip perpendicularly into the lake; and magnificent are the stark immensities of the snow-covered peaks stands there (open summer months). Across the front of the hotel extends a vast lounge that commands an uninterrupted view of the Lake through beautiful, single-pane that enclose the picture except for windows of enormous size. The the fleecy blue sky overhead, dining-room, in the right wing, has the same wonderful windows and view. From the ballroom in the left wing the lake may be seen through the arches of the cloistered terrace. The Chateau has many attractions. Two fine hard tennis courts are attached to the hotel, and a boat-house supplies rowing boats to the many who cannot resist the magnetism of the clear blue water. Below the dining-room and overlooking the lake is an attractively terraced concrete swimming-pool filled with heated glacial water and with an instructor in attendance. A Circle of Peaks The peaks that surround Lake Louise form such a magnificent background that many visitors ask nothing better than to sit on the hotel verandah watching the marvellous kaleidoscope of beauty and color that they present. From left to right they are:—Saddleback, Fairview, Lefroy, Victoria, Collier, SUiiic 46 Moraine Lake Popes Peak, Whyte, the Devil's Thumb, the Needles, Big Beehive, Niblock, St. Piran, and Little Behive. At the far end of the Lake, catching for the greater part of the day the full glory of the sun, their snowfields standing out in dazzling whiteness, are the glaciers that drop down from Mount Victoria and the lofty ice-crowned head of Mount Lefroy. Along the westerly shores of Lake Louise a delightful mile-and-a-half walk along a level trail affords splendid views of further peaks—Mount Haddo, Aberdeen and The Mitre. Moraine Lake Another pearl of the Rockies is Moraine Lake, 9 miles from Lake Louise at the end of one of the finest short motor rides in the mountains. This lovely mountain lake, exquisitely blue-green in color, lies in the Valley of the Ten Peaks— a tremendous and majestic semi-circle that with jagged profile encircles the eastern and southern end of the lake. Not one of these peaks is less than 10,000 feet in height—the highest, Mount Deltaform, is 11,235 feet. Standing off a little, as a sort of outpost, is the Tower of Babel, an interesting rock formation of unusual shape. Beside the lake is Moraine Lake Lodge, an admirable centre for trail- riders and walkers who wish to explore the valley's surroundings, and for mountaineers who aspire to the peaks. An attractive excursion is to the Consolation Lakes, within easy reach of the Lodge and a good place for trout-fishing. Lakes in the Clouds One of the finest and most popular excursions, either by walking or on a sure-footed mountain pony, is to the Lakes in the Clouds, nestling a thousand feet and more higher up in the mountain ranges. The trail, leaving the west end of the Chateau, rises gradually through spruce and fir forests to Mirror Lake, thence upward to Lake Agnes. These lakes are good examples of "cirque" lakes—deep, steep-walled recesses caused by glacial erosion. The view from the edge of Lake Agnes—where a charming little rest and tea house has been established—is magnificent. Plain of the Six Glaciers Besides the mighty tongue of the Victoria Glacier, many smaller glaciers descend into the cirque, and on the right side of the cirque is the Plain of the Six Glaciers, where a spacious tea-house with broad verandahs has been placed at the head as an excellent resting place. The Plain can be reached by trail from the Lake Agnes tea-house or directly from the Chateau. Saddleback Another excellent walking or pony excursion is to Saddleback. Crossing the bridge over Lake Louise creek, the trail rises rapidly on the slopes of Mount Fairview, between that mountain and Saddleback. The view of Paradise Valley and Mount Temple from this point is one of the finest in the Rockies. Paradise Valley Between Moraine Lake and Lake Louise lies Paradise Valley, carpeted with Alpine flowers. Great peaks rise around it like citadel walls. The valley can be reached from the Saddleback down a steep zig-zag trail to the "Giant's Steps," and continued across the valley to Lake Annette. From the Giant's Steps a trail leads across the valley to Sentinal Pass, whence descent can be made through Larch Valley to Moraine Lake. Easy Climbs Lake Louise is one of the recognized mountain climbing centres of the Rockies, and has many good climbs both for the novice and the experienced alpinist. Some short and easy climbs will be found in the Beehive, Mount St. Piran, Saddle Mountain and Mount Fairview. For the expert alpinist there are plenty of climbs around Lake Louise that will provide him with sufficient opportunity to use his skill. Swiss guides are attached to the Chateau Lake Louise for those who wish to visit the glaciers, climb mountains, or make some of the more strenuous trips through the passes. Lake Louise 47 :ROADS ■ TRAILS Scale of Miles I 3 4 CANADIAN PACIFIC RY. Lake Louise and its vicinity Abbot Pass From the Victoria Glacier there is a fine climb over Abbot Pass, between Mounts Victoria and Lefroy, descending to Lake O'Hara (see page 42). This should not, however, be attempted by the novice, unless accompanied by skilled guides. Trail Trips Lake Louise is a good starting point for riding and camping trips over the trails maintained by the National Parks Department through the magnificent Alpine country of this region of the Great Divide. The Ptarmigan Valley, Hector Lake, Bow Lake, the Molar Pass, The Skoki Valley, Baker Creek are but a few suggestions. The Pipestone Valley, some nineteen miles from the Chateau, is a splendid camping trip ending at an Alpine meadow amid high glacial surroundings of spectacular grandeur and beauty. It affords some good trout fishing. 48 Lake Louise Mileage South Side of Track east of Field Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level 20.0 LAKE LOUISE A fine view of the great peaks in the Valley of the Ten Peaks, Delta- form (11,235 feet) being conspicuous. A glimpse of Mount B i d e n t (10,119 feet) through gap in the peaks. Storm Mountain (10,- 372 feet) and Vermilion Pass. Motor road to Lake Windermere. Copper Mountain (9,170 feet). Pilot Mountain (9,690 feet). Rustic bridge leading to Redearth Creek. Mount Massive (7,990 feet). Mount Lougheed (8,888 feet). Bourgeau Range (8,415 feet). 26.0 30.1 Temple Eldon 5050 4918 4822 37.5 Castle Mountain 4676 43.7 48.6 Massive Sawback 4585 4543 . 7 BANFF 4534 Banff Springs Hotel Castle Mountain (9,040 feet). Sawback Range (10,4 000 feet). Mount Corey (9,19- feet). Mount Edith (8,380 feet) is the pointed spire-like peak. Motoring Visitors to Lake Louise will find a number of very attractive motor excursions available. Besides the one to Moraine Lake mentioned above, there is the drive to Banff. The road from Banff to Lake Louise has been continued to Field, Emerald Lake and Golden. This leads west on a high line to the Great Divide and, crossing the tracks near Wapta Lodge at Hector, follows the Kicking Horse River. It is a spectacular ride and links up with established roads in Yoho National Park. IT IS difficult to imagine anything more fascinating than to start out in the early morning, stepping in half an hour from the perfect civilization of a luxurious hotel into the primitive glory of cliff and crag, winding waterway and frozen grandeur, to spend the day among the mountains. With a blue sky overhead, the air soft with the sweet resinous spice of the forest, and all cares left far behind, one sees only beautiful sights, hears only wonderful sounds, and for a whole long day lives close to the very heart of Nature in her most splendid mood. The Canadian Rockies present to the mountain climber one of the most extensive and interesting fields of any easily accessible ranges of the world. Noted climbers make their way thither from all parts of the world. There are easy climbs, too, for the novice to graduate from—on some, indeed, he or she can ride or walk good trails almost to the summit. (10,372 feet) and the snowy dome of Mount Ball (10,865 feet). Loftiest and grandest of all towers Temple Mountain (11,636 feet). This great snow-bound mountain, whose crest exhibits precipitous walls of ice flashing blue in the sunlight, is the most conspicuous and admirable feature of the wonderful valley. Next we see to the left the bare, rugged and sharply serrated Sawback sub-range, with a spur called the Slate Mountain, in the foreground towards Lake Louise. Leaving Leaving Lake Louise Lake Louise we have magnificent views of the sur- rouding panorama of mountains. In front we see Pilot Mountain, Copper Mountain, Mount Brett and Vermilion Pass where the continental watershed sends the Vermilion River westward into the Kootenay. On the south is Storm Mountain The winding Bow River 50 Castle Mountain On the Banff-Windermere Road Castle Mountain Castle Mountain is a sheer precipice of over 4,000 feet above the valley floor, named for its resemblance to a giant mediaeval keep. Turrets, bastions and battlements can easily be distinguished. The mountain is eight miles long, and its highest point is 9,040 feet above sea-level. Back in the eighties there was a mining camp at its base, brought thither by a boom that died a sudden death; and during the Great War a large internment camp was here. Just beyond Castle Mountain station the Banff-Windermere road turns south, crosses the river, and heads away over Vermilion Pass to Lake Windermere. (See page 30). A COLOSSAL UPHEAVAL— Hundreds of thousands of years ago, in some huge upheaval toward the end of the Cretaceous Age, these mountains were lifted up; some sections were thrust high in the air, others remained almost as level as before. Others were tilted more or less toward the west, and still others bent and crumbled under the tremendous pressure from the sides. We see today only the colossal fragments of the original thrusts. The principal mountain ranges of Banff National Park are the Vermilion, Kananaskis, Bourgeau, Bow, and Sawback ranges; its principal river is the Bow. Of the many beautiful lakes within the Park, the principal are Louise, Moraine, Minnewanka, Hector, Spray, Kananaskis and Bow. Proceeding, we round a sharp turn and on the right see Pilot Mountain, visible from either end of the Bow. Hole-in-the-Wall Mountain has an interesting cavern running into the mountain which has been used as a meeting place by the Masonic Lodge of Banff. We follow the Bow River into Banff through a beautiful forested valley, skirting the Vermilion Lakes and obtaining an excellent view of Mount Bourgeau on the right. Far to the south these snow peaks enclose Simpson Pass. A few hundred yards west of Banff Station the first view of Banff Springs Hotel can be had to the right. Banff is the administrative headquarters of Banff National Park. The town lies embowered in pine forests and lawns, in a pocket of a wide circle of pearly-grey limestone peaks. Warmed by clear sunshine and kissed by clear air, exhilarated by the glacial-green Bow River, that flows through its centre, Banff is the summer social centre of the Canadian Rockies. Banff 51 The Route from Lake Louise to Banff The Panorama of Banff From the station a magnificent panorama is to be witnessed. To the north is the grey bulk of Cascade Mountain, towering above the town like a grim old idol. To the east are Mount Inglismaldie and the heights of the Fairholme sub-range. Still farther to the east the sharp cone of Mount Peechee closes the view in that direction. To the left of Cascade rises the BANFF National Park, in which are situated Banff and Lake Louise, is bounded on the west by the interprovincial boundary between Alberta and British Columbia, and on the east by, approximately, the first big ranges of the Rockies. It has an area of 2,585 square miles, its greatest length being about one hundred miles. No part of the Rockies exhibits a greater variety of sublime and romantic scenery, and nowhere wooded ridge of Stoney Squaw. To the west and up the valley are the are good points of view and fea distant snowy peaks of the main tures of special interest so acces- range above Simpson Pass. To the sible, with so many good roads left is Sulphur Mountain; to the and bridle paths. south-east the isolated wooded bluff of Tunnel Mountain and the long serrated spine of Mount Rundle. From the Bow Bridge the view is even more magnificent, for the river runs through the centre of the picture, and one who has caught his first glimpse of this picture close to sunset will never forget its breath-taking beauty. From the high elevation of Banff Springs Hotel a somewhat different view is obtained, looking across the junction of the Bow with the smaller and darker Spray River to the distant snow-clad barrier of the Fairholme Range. Johnston Canyon, near Banff 52 Banff Springs Hotel Banff Springs Hotel Banff Springs Hotel Banff is one of the most popular mountain resorts on the continent—due not only to its environment but also to the beautifully situated and splendidly appointed Banff Springs Hotel. It has been characterized as probably the finest mountain hotel in the world. The entire first floor is given over to public rooms, artistically decorated and furnished, in which the architect has provided a Scottish baronial atmosphere. Among the features are the period suites—the Vice-Regal, Georgian, Jacobean, Tudor, Swiss, Italian and others; the period influence also dominates the lounges, of which the finest is the Mount Stephen Hall. At the hotel there is entertainment all the time. One could be perfectly happy just looking out towards the enclosing mountains, watching the swimmers in the warm sulphur-water pool, swimming oneself, playing tennis, or studying the cosmopolitan types which one meets at this great caravanserai. Hot Springs Had Banff not become famous for its beauty, it must have become famous for its hot springs, which are amongst the most important of this continent. The five chief springs have a total flow of about a million gallons a day, and issue from the ground the year round at a temperature of over 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Excellent swimming in warm sulphur water is afforded at the Upper Hot Springs (on Sulphur Mountain), the Cave and Basin Bath House, and at the Banff Springs Hotel. At the Upper Hot Springs and the Cave and Basin the Government has erected handsome swimming pools and bath houses. Banff Springs Hotel has its own large and beautiful open-air pool. Here, where the temperatures of the summer air and water are delightfully blended, and spring diving boards offer opportunity for sport to expert swimmers, the sloping depth of the bath gives confidence to beginners at the shallow end; while the enclosed cold fresh-water pool adjacent to the warm bath provides an invigorating plunge. Expert masseurs are in attendance at the Turkish baths attached. Boating and A few minutes from the bridge is the Bow River Launch Trips Boat-House. From here motor launches set out on a 12-mile trip in which the surrounding mountains are seen from a unique and advantageous point of view. Here, also, canoes and row boats are obtainable. itimiiiiii/JiJiiimniiiimiimiiiiifiriiiffiiiiiiiti Cascade Mountain, the Bow River, and Banff MainvS ■tm^iiiiiiniffrfi 54 Banff Sight-seeing from an open observation car The Animal Corral The tourist will find plenty of interest in the little town of Banff itself, with its churches, cinemas and shops, interspersed with groups of cowboys in woolly chaps and gay-colored kerchiefs, sloe-eyed Indians in buckskin coats and moccasins, packers, trappers, guides and other truly mountain men. Near the fine bridge over the Bow River are the Administration Offices of the Park, the Museum, Zoo and Royal Canadian Mounted Police headquarters. The animal corral is lj^ miles from the town, an immense fenced-in area where a herd of buffaloes, Rocky Mountain sheep and goat, moose, antelope, elk and other kindred of the wild roam at will through the vast forested pasturage. You can drive into this corral quite close up to the buffaloes and enjoy studying them in these surroundings. Golf and Tennis An eighteen-hole golf course, superbly located on the banks of the Bow River and guarded by huge bastions of rock, turreted and pinnacled like the fortified castle of old, is open to all visitors to Banff for a small fee. The course has been entirely reconstructed by the Canadian Pacific, under the supervision of Stanley Thompson, and now offers one of the finest, most perfectly balanced and most scenically beautiful courses in the world. An attractive club-house, at the first tee, with a "Pro." in attendance, has a supply of balls, clubs, etc. For tennis players there are several admirable hard courts, and because the exquisite summer climate of Banff is very conducive to both golf and tennis, a large number of people may always be seen enjoying the games. Recreation Grounds This section of the park, by the Bow River, is not far from the bridge and can be reached by a delightful road by the river, or from the Cave and Basin motor road. There is a building for recreation purposes, also spaces for baseball, tennis, football and cricket. The club house of the Banff Gun Club is not far distant, and here trap shooting competitions are held. "Indian Days" "Indian Days" at Banff is one of the most colorful spectacles on the North American continent. Between three and four hundred Stoney Indians come from the Morley reserve, 40 miles east of Banff, for their tribal sports. Each morning they have tannic Ski Meet at Mt. Norquay near Banff 56 Banff a parade in which the majority of the Indians take part; the tribe is all mounted, while many splendid horses are used, resplendent in gorgeous trappings and headpieces. The costumes of both men and women are creations of white buckskin, bead work and ermine, their color schemes being exceedingly wonderful, and they ride with dignity and poise. Walking and Riding There are a large number of beautiful trails and roads leading from Banff, offering delightful rides, drives and walks of almost any desired length. Just three minutes from the Banff Springs Hotel is one of the most beautiful spots in Banff, the Bow Falls; and from here one may keep on going down a lovely pine-canopied avenue which leads from the Bow Bridge to the foot of the falls below the hotel. On the east side of the Bow Falls is the road which runs up Tunnel Mountain. It affords splendid views of the Bow Valley and the surrounding mountains. Another beautiful walk is past the Cave and Basin to Sundance Canyon. Sulphur Mountain, a long wooded ridge, at the summit of which is an observatory, and on the slopes of which is the clubhouse of the Alpine Club of Canada; Cascade Mountain, a massive giant facing the station; Mount Rundle, the sharp pointed edge of which forms one of the most striking features of the landscape; Mount Norquay and Stoney Squaw—are all within easy walking distance, and afford climbs not exceeding one day. Motoring Many of the walking trips mentioned may be taken by saddle-pony or automobile, and in addition there are scores of other trips too lengthy for the ordinary walker. A short motor run of eight miles brings you to the shores of Lake Minnewanka, a beautiful sheet of steel-blue sheen where you can catch huge lake trout. A well-graded road leads out from Banff westward for sixteen miles up the Bow Valley to Johnston Canyon, where a series of waterfalls, ending in a final foaming cascade, is most attractive. This road continues to Lake Louise, the Yoho Valley, Field, Emerald Lake and Golden. (See also Banff-Winder mere Road, page 57) Trail Trips Numerous as are the motor drives about Banff, beautiful as are the spots reached by car, there are many places, which can only be approached by trail, that rank amongst the most attractive playgrounds of the Rockies. There are 700 miles of good trails in Banff National Park, many of which radiate from Banff. With guides and ponies the visitor may find his way to Mystic Lake, in the heart of the Sawback Range, to Ghost River, and through the Indian Reservation to the town of Morley, the Spray Lakes, the Kananaskis Lakes, and dozens of other magic places. Mount Assiniboine A particularly fine pony trip from Banff, and one on which a week can be profitably spent, is that to Mount Assiniboine—the "Matterhorn of the Rockies." This can be reached over the spectacular new trail by way of Brewster Creek, or by way of the Spray Lakes, and the return made by traversing the beautiful summit country in the vicinity of the mountain, through the heather and flowers of Simpson Pass and down Healy Creek. The route has been well established, with overnight accommodation at convenient points en route, while camp facilities are available at Mount Assiniboine Lodge, at the foot of the Mountain Banff 57 ROADS 9 ■ TRAILS Scale of Miles 12 3 4 5, CANADIAN PACIFIC RY. J Banff and its vicinity Winter Sports Banff is rapidly be- KOOTENAY National Park (area coming an impor- 587 square miles) tucks in between tant centre for winter sports, the the southern portions of Banff Annual Winter Sports Carnival in and Yoho National Parks, and February attracting large crowds, comprises the Vermilion, Mitchell Ski-ing, tobogganing, skating and and Briscoe Ranges. The Koote- bob-sledding are amongst the attractions. nay River flows through its southern part, with a large tributary in the Vermilion. At the southwest interest end it almost touches the eastern bank of the Columbia River a Banff-Winder- Of great mere Road to automobile en thusiasts is the little below Lake Windermere. Banff-Windermere automobile road The Banff-Windermere Road across the Canadian Rockies. This traverses the centre of this park, spectacular journey through a hundred miles of the most magnificent mountain scenery of America can be commenced at either Banff or Lake Louise, the road being at first that which connects those two points. At Castle Mountain it crosses the Bow River, turns south past Storm Mountain, where it crosses the Vermilion Pass (altitude 5,264 feet). Here it enters Kootenay Park. From Marble Canyon, (about nine miles from the summit of the pass) a remarkable fissure three hundred feet deep, there is a trail to the curious Ochre beds. 58 Banff - w indermere Road Mileage South Side of Track east of Field Altitude above North Side of Track sea-level Headquarters of Banff National Park. 54.7 BANFF 4534 Cascade Mountain (9,836 feet). Sulphur Mountain (8,040 feet). Mount Rundle (9,675 jeet). 57.0 Bankhead 4581 Coal mining town now abandoned. Railway- crosses Cascade River. A coal mining town. The Three Sisters (9,744 feet). 69.5 74.3 Canmore The Gap 4296 4248 Fairholme Range. Grotto Mountain (8,880 feet). Cement mills. 79.3 Exshaw 4260 The road then follows the Vermilion River to its junction with the Kootenay River. Crossing the Kootenay, it leads through a beautiful avenue of virgin forest, and, ascending the Sinclair Pass between the Briscoe and Stanford Ranges, reaches Radium Hot Springs, long famous for their radium qualities; there the Canadian Government operates a fine swimming pool. Emerging through the gap of Sinclair Canyon it meets the Columbia River and — nine miles beyond—the beautiful Lake Windermere. Radium This drive has Hot Springs been rendered Lodge even more de lightful by the construction of a rustic lodge at Radium Hot Springs, perched above the road so as to command a wonderful view of the Purcell range through the Canyon Gap. Lake Windermere can be reached also by railway from Golden. (See page 30). The journey can be continued along the east or west side of Lake Windermere and the Kootenay River, through Canal Flats and Fort Steele, to Cranbrook. There the road connects with other highways leading south across the international boundary, thus forming the last link in the "Grand Circle Tour" to California. IN THE various mountain ranges that make up the Canadian Rockies—the Rockies proper, the Selkirks, and the Monashee, Coast Cascade and Purcell Ranges— there are, according to Government measurements, not including innumerable mountains that have not yet been named or measured, 630 peaks over 6,000 feet above sea-level; 308 between 7,000 feet and 10,000 feet; 161 between 10,000 feet and 12,000 feet; 4 over 12,000 feet. Many of the principal mountains seen by the traveller from the train or at the most popular mountain resorts—at and around Banff, Lake Louise, Moraine Lake, Lake O'Hara, Field, Emerald Lake, and the Yoho Valley, etc.— average a height above the floor of the valleys at their base of almost a mile. The Canadian Rockies, being rich in glaciers and neve fields, are generally snow- covered the year round. %\v* ?';„: M% o ""'^^Cs 'f ^tt\W % Lake . i % Banknea^//'- '^Sg^^tMinneivanka 711* ^P0 #** .JUfe «%:. _xshaw^ /VllWy ^"''^ Lacde&Arcs ",v '* - The Three Slstehy^f^J A #k- 0 //x Pigeon Mtn.^?\^ >—'—'—>- Scale of Miles 5 10 The Route from Banff to Calgary muumm 1 Mount Rundle, Vermillion Lake 60 The Three Sister: ■r - .sip, "1 Mount Edith Excursions are available from NATURE has thrown up the both Banff and Lake Louise during Canadian Rockies on so vast a the summer months for this trip to scale that the human mind can Lake Windermere—including the with difficulty grasp their greats-day Lariat Trail" to Radium ness, except by some comparison. Hot Springs and thence back over The "Dominion," fastest Canadian the Columbia River Highway to Pacific train, takes twenty-three Golden and the Kicking Horse Trail, hours to pass from Cochrane, at . the entrance to the Rockies, to Leaving Banff Leaving Banff, we Mission,where it enters the coastal leave the Bow plain. Two of the best known River for a time and strike up the railway routes across the Swiss valley of the Cascade River. Alps are the St. Gothard and the Looklng behind, we can see Cas- Simplon. It takes an express train cade Mountain towering above the five hours to travel from Lucerne valley. On the right is Rundle, to Como, or from Lausanne to named in honor of an early mission- Arona. ary to the Indians. The Three Sisters When, therefore,Edward Whymper, the hero of the Matter- At Canmore is horn, described the Canadian obtained a Rockies as fifty Switzerlands striking^ profile of the "Three thrown into one, this certainly Sisters,' companion peaks that was no exaggeration. The form one of the last notable sights Canadian Rockies stretch from of the journey. The highest peak the Gap practically to Vancouver reaches a height of 9,733 feet. The —over six hundred miles of Alpine curious group of pillars on the right, scenery, some of them ten times as tall as a man, are made of hard enough material to withstand the weatherings that have played havoc with the surrounding bank. Thev are called "hoodoos." The Gap Presently we rejoin the Bow River, which we shall follow all the way into Calgary. A bend in the road brings us between two almost vertical walls of dizzy height, streaked and capped with snow and ice. This is "The Gap" by which we leave the mountains. On our left is the Fairholme Range, opposite it is the Goat Range. The prominent peak is Grotto Mountain, while those on our right are Pigeon Mountain, Wind Mountain and the Three Sisters Contrast the ranges behind. Those on the left are fantastically broken and castellated; the ones opposite are massive snow-laden promontories, rising thousands of feet and penetrated by enormous alcoves imprisoning all the gorgeous hues of the prism. The Foothills 61 Exshaw Exshaw has a large Portland cement mill, with an average output of 4,000 barrels a day. It draws its supplies of limestone and shale from the excellent deposits close to the mill. Kananaskis The district surrounding Kananaskis is rich in Indian lore. Seebe is the site of two hydro-electric power plants which supply Calgary with its electrical power. The lower plant was completed in 1911, the upper one in 1915. The latter can be seen from the railway. These two plants, with the sub-stations and transmission lines, represent an investment of about five million dollars. Generators with a capacity of 31,000 horse power are installed in these power houses, supplying a current of 55,000 volts which is transmitted over two high tension transmission lines to the city of Calgary. A supply of 4,000 horse power at 12,000 volts is also transmitted to the cement mill at Exshaw. The upper dam consists of a solid concrete structure 600 feet in length, capable of discharging 40,000 cubic feet of water per second. The company has completed a third transmission line to the city of Calgary, to meet the growing demand for power. Morley is the modern home of the Stoney Indians, once a very warlike race but now the most industrious of red men. The foothills are full of Indian lore. The whole district was conceived as a great giant; hence there are the Knee Hills, the Hand Hills, the Elbow and the Ghost Rivers, and other names equally picturesque. Kananaskis Falls, on the Bow River, were named after a mythical Cree chief, the word meaning "a tall straight pine with branches near the top." Cochrane Still following the course of the Bow River, we enter the roll ing, grassy foothills, r rising tier upon tier to the base of the great ranges to which they are the outposts. At Cochrane we are well within the foothill country. In the lower valleys can be seen huge ranches, for this is a great stock-raising country, and on the higher terraces can be seen great herds of cattle and sheep. These transverse valleys are the grooved courses of ancient glaciers. Presently the foothills too give place and are succeeded by the first great stretches of level prairie and we run in between low hills to Calgary. The Gap 62 Calgary Calgary Mileage Altitude South Side of Track east of above North Side of Track Field sea-level 84.5 Seebe 4218 Site of hydro-electric plants. In the heart of the 95.0 Morley 4078 Stoney Indian Reserve (see page 6i). 103.6 Radnor 3896 The valley of the Ghost River enters the Bow River at this point and is dammed to form a lake - Ghost Lake - for power development. In the foothill country. 113.8 Cochrane 3750 Many stock ranches may be seen. 127.2 Keith 3563 The motor road between Banff and Calgary may be seen now and again. 136.6 CALGARY 3438 Hotel Palliser At the west end of the station block is the imposing Canadian Pacific hotel, the Palliser. This handsome structure comprises fourteen floors in an "E" shape, which makes every room an outside room. From the roof garden one can obtain a beautiful view of the Canadian Rockies. CALGARY (population 84,000) the most important city on this route between Vancouver and Winnipeg, is the business centre of southern Alberta. Founded a little over fifty years ago, it is a flourishing industrial, agricultural and educational centre, with fine buildings and many manufacturing establishments. Natural Resources At the east end of the platform is the building of the Natural Resources Department of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which administers all the company's land, mineral and timber interests in the west. The Canadian Pacific has a very simple but excellent method of settling experienced irrigation farmers on the land, giving thirty-five years for payment of the cost of the land, and after a down payment of 7% of the purchase price, first year's use of the land is free. This method has been the means of creating many fine homes and contented settlers. Calgary 63 A Beautiful City Calgary has municipally owned water works, electric light and power system and street railway and asphalt paving plants. Natural gas is piped at very cheap prices, principally from the Turner Valley. The city has some beautiful parks and many golf courses. The city is well supplied with clay and building deposits, and is close to immense developed coal areas, large developed water powers, and large gas and oil deposits. A 2,500,000-bushel Dominion Government terminal elevator is located here. Amongst the important industries of the city are meat packing, flour milling and oil refining. Immediately to the east of Calgary, and extending close to the railway, and on both sides, for about 140 miles, is a large irrigated land project developed by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Drawing its water supplies from the Bow River, this block consists of over 3,000,000 acres, of which a great portion will later be brought under irrigation. The Stampede Alberta, still a country of considerable stock-raising interests, was until recent years one of the principal ranching sections of Canada; and in the "Stampede" held every summer at Calgary—a famous frontier-day celebration that draws competitors from all parts of the continent—the glories of the Old West are revived annually in a week's carnival of cowboy sports and contests. Tributary to Calgary is a most prosperous agricultural, beef-raising and ranching district, in area some thousands of square miles, and by virtue of the nutritious and abundant grasses growing throughout this territory, cattle raised are of excellent quality. Grain and vegetables produced in this district are also very fine. Calgary is an important railway centre. Branch Canadian Pacific lines run (a) north to Edmonton, the capital of Alberta, through a prosperous mixed farming country; (b) south to Lethbridge and Macleod. The main line continues eastward from Calgary to Regina, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. Calgary—The Hotel Palliser LODGES IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES Lake Wapta Overlooking beautiful Lake Wapta, just west of the Lodge Great Divide. Fishing, boating, centre for Alpine climbing, drives, pony rides and hikes to Lake O'Hara, the Yoho Valley, the Kicking Horse Canyon, etc. Postal Address: Lake Wapta Lodge, Hector, B.C. Lake O'Hara This Alpine lake, of exquisite coloring and charm, is a Lodge 'splendid climbing, riding, fishing and walking centre. Excursions to Lake McArthur and Lake Oesa, or over Abbot Pass to Lake Louise. Reached by trail from Lake Louise and Wapta. Postal Address: Lake O'Hara Lodge, Hector, B.C. Yoho Valley At the most delightful location in Yoho Valley, facing Lodge Takakkaw Falls. Excursions to the upper valley or to Emerald Lake. Hiking, climbing, riding. Postal Address: Yoho Valley Lodge, Field, B.C. Moraine At the head of the Valley of the Ten Peaks. Good Lake Lodge trout fishing, climbing, riding and hiking to Consolation Lakes, Paradise Valley, Wenkchemna Pass, etc. Postal Address: Moraine Lake Lodge, Lake Louise, Alta. Radium Hot Second stop on the Banff-Windermere Road. Swim- Springs Lodge ming in Radium Hot Springs Pool, hiking, fishing and climbing. Wonderful view of the Selkirks. Postal Address: Radium Hot Springs Lodge, Radium Hot Springs, B.C. Mount Assiniboine Two-days' trail ride from Banff (34 miles), Lodge stopping overnight at half-way camp. Rates on application. Postal Address: Mount Assiniboine Lodge, Banff, Alta. These attractive lodges are open during the summer months and the rates are extremely reasonable. CANADIAN PACIFIC HOTELS Empress Hotel Victoria, B.C. Hotel Vancouver Vancouver, B.C. Hotel Sicamous Sicamous, B.C. Altitude, 1,153 feet (Operated by lessee) Emerald Lake Chalet near Field, B.C. Altitude 4,272 feet Chateau Lake Louise Lake Louise, Alta. Altitude 5,680 feet Banff Springs Hotel Banff, Alta. Altitude, 4,625 feet Hotel Palliser Calgary, Alta. Hotel Saskatchewan Regina, Sask. Royal Alexandra Hotel Winnipeg, Man. The Royal York Toronto, Ont. Chateau Frontenac Quebec, Que. McAdam Hotel McAdam, N.B. The Algonquin St. Andrews-by-the-Sea, N.B. The Pines Digby, N.S. Cornwallis Inn Kentville, N.S. Lakeside Inn Yarmouth, N.S. Halifax, N.S. THE PACIFIC COAST In the Garden City of the Pacific Coast. An equable climate has made Victoria a favorite summer and winter resort. Motoring, yachting, sea and stream fishing, shooting and all-year golf. Crystal Garden for swimming and music. (Open all year). European plan. Facing Inner Harbor. The largest hotel on the North Pacific Coast, overlooking the Strait of Georgia, and serving equally the business man and the tourist. Situated in the heart of the shopping district of Vancouver. Golf, motoring, fishing, hunting, steamer excursions. (Open all year). European plan. One-half mile from station. THE ROCKIES Junction for the orchard districts of the Okanagan Valley, and stop-over point for those who wish to see the Thompson and Fraser Canyons by daylight. Lake Shuswap district offers good boating and excellent trout fishing and hunting in season. (Open all year). American plan. At station. A Chalet hotel situated at the foot of Mount Burgess, amidst the picturesque Alpine scenery of the Yoho National Park. Roads or trails to the Burgess Pass, Yoho Valley, etc. Boating, fishing, hiking. (Open summer months). American plan. Seven miles from station. Facing an exquisite Alpine Lake in Banff National Park. Alpine climbing with Swiss guides, pony trips or walks to Lakes in the Clouds, Saddleback, etc., drives or motoring to Moraine Lake, boating, fishing. (Open summer months). European plan. 3J^ miles from station by motor bus. A magnificent hotel in the heart of the Banff National Park, backed by three spendid mountain ranges. Alpine climbing, motoring and drives on good roads, bathing, hot sulphur springs, golf, tennis, fishing, boating, riding, hiking. (Open summer months). European plan. \y% miles from station. THE PRAIRIES Suited equally to the business man and the tourist en route to or from the Canadian Rockies. Good golfing and motoring. (Open all year). European plan. At station. In the old capital of the Northwest Territory, headquarters of the Mounted Police. Golf, tennis. (Open all year). European plan. A popular hotel in the capital of the Province of Manitoba, appealing to those who wish to break their transcontinental journey. The centre of Winnipeg's social life. Good golfing and motoring. (Open all year). European plan. Subway connection with station. EASTERN CANADA The largest hotel in the British Empire. (Open all year). European plan. Subway connection with Union Station. A metropolitan hotel—in the most historic city of North America. (Open all year). European plan. A commercial and sportsman's hotel. At station. The social centre of Canada's most popular Atlantic Cqast surnmer resort. Unsurpassed golf. (Open summer months). American plan, (Open all year). American, pfan, Nova Scotia's premier summer resort. Golf, swimming jn glass-enclosed sea-water pool. (Open summer months). American plan. In the Annapolis Valley near Evangeline's Grand Pre". (Open all year). American plan. Delightful summer resort — all outdoor recreations. (Open summer months'*. Arner\can plan. Lord Nelson Hotel. (Open all year). European plan. Operated by Lord Nelson Hotel Co. For further information, reservations, etc., apply to hotel management or nearest Canadian Pacific agent. ^ou^^kru/tJte^ tA/c<<Hc$A*ti£& CANADIAN ROCKIES ■»»-_ *^WJ CANADIAN PACIFIC
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-201-9-6
Your journey through the Canadian Rockies : eastbound
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