CONTENTdm
Clandonald and Scottish immigration to Canada
Clandonald
Canada--Emigration and immigration
Colonists
Scots
Land settlement
Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
MacDonell, Father Andrew
between 1915 and 1944
Clippings book consists of newspaper articles predominantly from the Edmonton Bulletin and the Edmonton Journal during the period leading up to the settlement of Clandonald and during its settlement--between 1923 and 1925. Also includes one issue of The Western Scot, the newspaper of the 67th Battalion "The Western Scots", based in Willows Camp, Victoria.
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o EDilOKTON BULLETIN Pot. 16, 1923. THREE THOUSAND JOBS O Alberta Offers the British Harvesters Plenty of Work for the Winter There are three thousand jobs in Northern Alberta awaiting thr2e thousand British harvesters, as a result of the campaign put on by the 'Soldier Settlement Board at thi I behest of the Department of Immigration. This should serve to il- j lustrate the fact that Alberta has ] "come back" a_id should at the same time be a fine tonic for the pessi- I mists. The majority of the men a^e I still engage^ in harvesting and j threshing and so far there has been I no large movement towards the all- ! winter work which they so heartily ' and emphatically demanded, but 1 those who have commenced are giving the best satisfaction. Major H. Gordon., superintendent of the local "S..S.B. office has interviewed a number of those who have come back from the harvest fields, and states that he has found them keen as mustard, satisfied with what what has been done for them by the Canadian government and anxious to get to work and stay at it. The employers are apparently of the same mind, and "send me more of the same kind" is the burdei of their conversation. This applies equally to the rural as well as urban areas and as far -as can be seer, no "wasters" have straggled through into Alberta. Last week ©_ie local mine got six of the British islanders, and yesterday isent in a request for thirty more of the "same brand", while much -the same story come-, from the farms. Throughout the north at ever^ railway station there are lists posted by the &■ S. B.; showing whe.e work can be obtained, at what wages, with further particulars as to the class of employment and so on; the men from the United Kingdom can scarcely fail to see thesa a .id those who are toiling in Alberta must know by this time that what has been promised has been fulfilled and that none of them need be cut of employment thi* ' winter. Q ^m<{yrrm^mPn\yLm^7u W- /■* J-L£A SOLDIER FARME TO STAWD TRIAL Accused of Selling Grain Which Was Assigned to S. S. B. (Special to Edmonton Journal) CALGARY, Feb. 18.—Wanted in Edmonton to answer a charge of con- . verting to his own use $500, the par» ! tial proceeds of the sale of a quan- i tity of grain said to belong to the Soldier Settlement Board, Robert B. S. Taylor, a farmer of the Wain- wright district, was arrested by Detective Davidson of the R.C.M.P.here Tuesday. He will be taken back for hearing. • The.arrest of Taylor was made, It is stated at tlie re commendation of the field inspector of the Soldier ; ! Settlement Board, According to in- ! formation in the hands of the officials ' of the board the accused is alleged to have made an assignment of the grain to the board to meet a pay- ment and to have later disposed of it and taken the cash for his own use. His trial will take place at Wainwright. 85,925 HELPED BY SETTLEMENT SCHEME FUNDS Half That Number Left Britain for Overseas in 1924 (Canadian Press cable) LONDON, Feb. 18.---Replying to a question in the house of commons last night, L. C. Amery, secretary for the colonies, stated that 85,925 persons were assisted under the Empire Settlement act up to December 31 last, of which 41,584 were handled in 1924. Tho expenditure for 1923 and 1924 was £447,000 ovt of the estimate of £1,159,000, while up to December 31 £227,000 had been spent out of the estimate of £853,000 forHhe years 1924 and 1925. The unexpended balances, he said, reverted to the chancellor of the exchequer in accordance with the usual practice. ^\ CAMERA SNAPS AT THE FARM OF LORD RODNEY SOUGHT FOR WORK AT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE IN 1919; NOW SUCCESSFUL OWNER OF NINE HUNDRED ACRE FARM The top illustration snows the farm residence of Lord and Lady Rodney, near Fort Saskatchewan. The house is situated on the high river bank? looking westward. In the centre is the magnificent outlook from th© house towards the Fort. At the bottom is shown a group of faVm buildings where the pure bred stock is housed. —Photos by Journal staff photographer,, NAVAL VICTORY OF FIRST LORD RODNEY SAVED THE EMPIRE Battle Fought Off the West Indies In 1782 Was Momentous One—In Recognition of His Services, Rodney Was Given Title and Pension , v.. , ; _.;_#: :^__#^i«tt^il. -7 This is from a drawing of th© great naval battle of the Saintes, West Indies, on-April 12th, 1782. It shows th© British fleet, under Admirals Rodney and Hood, breaking the line of the French fleet. The'first Lord Rodney was born in 1719 at Walton-on-Thames and died in 1792. The earliest naval engagement with which he was prominently connected was in 1747, when he took an effective part in Lord Hawka's action off Finisterre. In 1761 he was appointed commander-in-chief at Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands and the following year brought those territories formerly held by the French under the British flag. Lord Rodney becamO an admiral in 1778, and in 1780 captured five Spanish men-of-war and later defeated the Spanish fleet off Cape Vincent. Next he relieved Gibraltar, then besieged, and afterwards proceeded to the West Indies, engaging a French fleet under Admiral de Guichen, and defeating It. He captured St. Eustatia in 1781 and the next year won a great victory over the French fleet in the battle off the Saintes. It was for this engagement that the pension was granted. The object of the French commander, De Grasse, leading up to this battle, was to form a junction with Spanish ships and then, between them, effect the capture of the Island of Jamaica. To prevent this, Rodney exercised all his ingenuity with success. Battle Began April 8 On the morning of April 8, de Grasse sailed with thirty-five ships- of-the-line, followed at once by the British fleet c__> thirty-six ships-of- the-line. At nightfall, Rodney had the French ships in sight, and- at daybreak of the 9 th the greater part of the fleet were visible from the decks of the British. De Grasse, finding It impossible to avoid an action by superior speed while handicapped by his convoy, signalled It to put into Gaudeloupe, which order was promptly obeyed. The British fleet was to close, however, for de Grasse to evade an engagement, and on the 9th several skirmishes took place between the French rear and the British van. On the 10th and 11th, the pursuit continued, a badly of Alberta, illustrates their desire to start at the bottom and learn all that they could before embarking upon HERE Is Lord Rodney, eighth baron of that name, who is successfully conducting a nine hundred acre farm two miles down the river from Fort Saskatchewan. His latest experiment Is a school for well-to-do English young men who are desirous of learning farming in Alberta without too much attendant hardship. managed or slow ship from th© French fleet from time to time drop ping back. © Early on the 12th, the flagship of de Grasse collided with one of the largest of his ships -of- the-line, the Zele, damaging the latter to an extent which made it necessary to send it into Guadeloupe under tow of a frigate. De Grasse had taken his fleet into the passage between Dominica and Guadeloupe, which required the ships to beat to windward. Hood, being signalled by Rodney to pursue the Zele, did so, which served to draw de Grasse hastily to her support, signalling his fleet to form line-of-battle. The two fleets shortly passed each other in approximately parallel lines In opposite directions, the French fleet to windward, and the conditions un favorable for Rodney to force a close action. A fortunate shift of the wind from the east to the southeast served to weaken the French formation, and enabled the British ships to stand to the French line. This was effectually done, Rodney in his flagship, the Formidable, followed by a portion of his fleet, breaking through about the middle of de Grasse's line, separating his , Jfleet into several groups and putting the main body of the British fleet to windward. Feeble hreezes and calms during the rest of the day gave added advantage to the windward position obtained by Rodney. At nightfall the Ville de Paris, the flagship" of de Grasse was struck. Enemy Was Scattered The defeated French fleet was scattered and disabled, but owing to lack of a continuous and sustained attack by the British ships, managed to escape, and in part proceeded towards Cap Francois, where finally some nineteen ships came together. The remainder in due course reached Curacao. Upon Lord Rodney's return to England, he lived for the greater part of the time with his family in retirement in the country, although occupied to some extent with legal matters growing out of the seizure:! at St. Eustatia. He continued to be troubled with gout, which had annoyed him during his later voyages, and on the 23rd of May, 1792, he died, at the age of 73. He had been in the navy sixty-two years, about fifty of which had been in commission, an. extraordinary period of active service. Lord Rodney, With Distinguished Military Record and Descendent of Famed British Admiral, Is Making Good In His New Occupation — Likes Alberta Best By D. S. McRAE Situated in one of the most picturesque spots on the Saskatchewan, two miles beyond Fort Saskatchewan, and looking down from the heights over the river with a magnificent view to the west* is the home of George Bridges Harley Guest, eighth Baron Rodney, the descendant of one of the most famous of the galaxy of British warriors, whose*~~ deeds in the eighteenth century made solid the foundation for England's supremacy of the sea. A scion 6f the English nobility with a distinguished war record, Lord Rodney takes his greatest pride in the fact that in the five years since he came to Alberta he has become a successful farmer and is rapidly building up a farm estate that in livestock and in yields of grain and other crops will compare favorably with many of those who have had a much longer experience in farm life. It was Lord Rodney's advent into the limelight of the British news dispatches this week that Induced the Journal representative to make a visit to Cottesmore Farm, as his residence is known, and get a closer view of this typically English farm land on the banks of the Saskatchewan. As was explained in the London cables, the British treasury is to ask parliament to commute Lord Rodney's pension of £2,000 a year and convert it into a capital sum of £42,000 being the total of the pensions over a period of twenty-one years. This pension was first granted to the original Lord Rodney, famous admiral of the British fleet, for himself and his heirs as a recognition for his victory over the French fleet in the West Indies in 1782. A peerage was also conferred upon him and both this distinction and the pension have passed down from generation to generation until the present time. Lord Rodney with Lady Rodney and their two children are spending the winter In the old country but will be back to their Alberta home in the course of a month or two. In the meantime the work is in charge of M. C. P. Vereker, who has been farm manager with the baron since he first entered into agricultural life in Alberta. Mr. Vereker Is a veteran of the war, having enlisted from Alberta where he was farming himself before hostilities broke out. When the call for men came he sold out the holding that he had operated for some years and proceeded overseas, entering the artillery branch of the service. Training School fop Young Men , Cottesmore Farm is more than a producer of pure bred stock and of grain. It is a school of training for young Englishmen whose parents in the Old Country have means and are desirous of giving them some experience In farm life in Canada, without all the hardships that are usually endured by the newcomer to Canada when he hires out to learn the business of agriculture. This new venture was entered upon a year ago by Lord Rodney, who last spring brought out four ex-army young men to have a try at farming. One of them, Captain Philpotts, formerly of the Indian army, quite recently decided to branch out for himself and has bought the Calder farm Of nearly four hundred acres, southwest of Strathcona. He is now back in England, and when he returns in the course of a few weeks he will bring wit! nti-his bride. Two more, Messrs. ^ v,d Haggard are still c assist ifig-lfflr.-. $ ' — -~rip_v xied to i_u. .dodney's in- o__ng others out this an enterprise of their own. Following demobilization they cam© to Alberta and turned their eyes to Edmonton. Without delay they proceeded to the government employment office in this city and sought to hire out as farm help. Their services were taken by a farmer of the district but later he changed his mind and Lord and Lady Rodney decided to go out by themselves. They proceeded to the Fort Saskatchewan district where they camped for the summer and lost no chance to learn everything that they could about Alberta farm life. In the fall an opportunity was offered to buy the Fiset farm and the deal was soon closed. This marked the beginning of their farm life, in the fall of 1919. Married In 1917, Baron Rodney is thirty three years old, having been born on November 2nd 1891. His early life was spent in the British regulars and during the war he was a captain in the Royal Dragoons and afterwards a major in the Tank corps. He was married in 1917, to Marjorie, the youngest daughter of the Hon. Lancelot Lowther and a brother to the Earl of Lonsdale, one of the most distinguished of the British peers. They have two children, one §fcge"cT" three and the other five, both boys. The younger is a real Albertan, having been born on the Fort Saskatchewan farm. They left for their spring trip to England on February 8. The family of Rodney is a very ajicient one. In the time of Queen Maud, Walter de Rodney is shown by contemporary records still in exis- tance to have received a grant of land in Somersetshire named after him, Rodney Stoke. Another Rodney was one of the fellow Crusaders of Richard Coeur de Lion a.id was killed by his side at the siege of Arce. Total Pension Payments The hereditary perpetual pension paid out of the British national treasury for the services of Admiral Sir George Rodney, one of the greatest of the naval commanders of the empire, has been in effect since 1783, the year following his defeat of the French fleet under Admiral De Grasse in the momentous batye off the West Indies. During that time it is computed that the government has paid sbme $1,800,000 to the various heirs. With the final sum now to be given, two hundred thousand dollars more will be added as a trust fund for the heirs, the bequest in all making a sum of a million and a half dollars. The victory for which this" was the reward was said at the time to have saved the empire and ended the war with the Bourbons. FIRST OF THE RODNEY PEERAGE Here is the original T'ord Rodney ae taken from a drawing. An enlargeiment of this likeness is one of the outstanding, features of the work. TI England, tention to spring* Lord Rodney's Idea The idea that the founder of the scheme had In view was set out by himself in an interview with the Journal when he arrived with his first party. "Men with some capital/9 he said, "are not likely to come out and rough it for a year or so on farms as hired help. It doesn't pay them, not in the end. I believe I have the right way to bring men in with enough capital to settle comfortably in this country and make a very fair living out of it without growing rich. I am content. Lady Rodnev and I wouldn't stay in England. We love it here and will stick to our home at the Fort. We have with us a few men who have means but no knowledge of conditions. They have been in the army but they want to makes homes when they feel justified in buying land in western Canada. Their people would not allow them to come out on their own, merely to rough it for a year or so and then to buy blindly. But after they have learned what I know and have seen how things are run on an ordinary farm like we run, they will feel safe in settling on their own account. I intend bringing over a small party of such settlers from the old country every spring." This sets out in brief form the underlying Idea and while it met with some criticism from eastern papers it seems to have worked out pretty satisfactorily to those who have stayed on the farm as they are well pleased with their experiences. Farm of 900 Acres The farm itself embraces about nine hundred acres, three hundred of .which were purchased last summer. The original holding was formerly owned by Judge Fiset of Rimouski, Quebec, who spent a number of summers with his daughter here. It was acquired by Lord Rodney in 1919 and the year after, a new home on the bank of the river, was built, giving a much better view than the first residence. Farm buildings have also been added to and made | more modern as the work of develop- J ment proceeded. Mixed farming is carried on. The cattle include purebred Shorthorns, the horses purebred Clydes, and there are also a large number of Large Black pigs. Four crops have been taken off the farm by the present owner, and last year twenty-five thousand bushels, of wheat, oats, and barley were threshed. How They Started Farming The way in which Lord and Lady Rodnev entered into the farming life The Horning Alberts-, Calgary. June 27th.1923. o. HEORDNOT YET JILL LOCATED; STILL ATRED DEER All But Six Heads of Families Either Permanently or Temporarily Settled by Government "Settlement of the Hebrideans in' the Red Deer district is proceeding satisfactorily, and up to the present time all but six heads of families have been settled .either permanently or temporarily," said W. ;S. Woods, superintendent of the local branch of the Soldier Land 'Settlement board, who paid a visit of inspection to Red Deer recently. Mr. Woods stated that the Edmonton branch of the Soldier Land (Settlement board is co-operating with the Calgary branch of the board in looking after the new settlers, with satisfactory results. "L. B. Boyd, chief inspector of the board in western Canada, is in charge of the settlement work among the Hebrideans in the district and the new settlers are satisfied with conditions at the present time," Mr. Woods said. "How many of the settlers remain to be settled?" Mr. Woods was asked. "When I left on Friday all but six heads of families had been settled; either permanently or temporarily, and they will be looked after by the board officials/" Mr. Woods said. Mr. Woods was not inclined to discuss the question further but stated that he was satisfied that everything possible was being, done- for the new settlers. While discussing crop conditions, Mr. Woods said that farmers in the southern part of the province are very optimistic. The districts ' have been soaked with copious rains and the crops are growing' fast. In some places they are beginning to head out. Mr. Woods has been invited to address a big reunion of returned soldiers at Lousan, July 2. There is a considerable number of soldier settlers in this district and he will describe various phases ' of land settlement work. Work at the local office of the soldier settlement board is proceeding apace and' a number of new applications for land from returned men are being considered. \ THE EDMONTON JOURNAL. fy^i,ii»3 Mebrideans Had Mistaken Idea of Preparations For Their Colonization Plan (Expected to Find Improved Farms at Their al; Are Not Disheartened and Are Slowly But Being Located; Personal Interviews By Journal Reporter Conflicting reports concerning the settling of the Hebridean immigrants at Red Deer prompted the Edmonton Journal to send a staff representative there on Thursday. Newcomers, both men and women, and those handling the arrangements were interviewed and the results of this investigation are given in the following article, BY T. A. MANSELL /rile "someone has blundered" in andling of the Hebridean at tiers who arrived in Alberta three weeks ago, these immigrants are not downhearted. Some of their dreams of a land of promise have been proven fanciful, they have possibly been victims Of their own over- enthusiasm as the result of glowing reports, but the determination to "stick" and make new homes in this province is firm. Things have not turned out as the Hebrideans anticipated, and naturally they are somewhat dejected. They have not Hound improved farms ready for all to locate on; they have found that the talk of sufficient loans to. enable them to carry on- operations was largely mythical. Hoping For Best Housed in the old Indian industrial school at Red Deer, these fine prospective settlers and their families numbering some two hundred are waiting. They hope for the best, knowing that something will turn up and it may possibly be a solution of their difficulty. Some of the party have already been placed on farms, others have urrtf. employment for their grown hildren and are planning to go out to service With farmers themselves. Through the efforts of the Soldier settlement board numbers have been provided with salvaged. S.S.S. farms and are at present engaged in making arrangements to remove their families. It is stated that the S.S.B. is making every effort to settle the newcomers on the land offered at most attractive terms. The term for payments is as long as twenty-five years while purchases are to be based on present agricultural values. Sold Their Holdings It is quite apparent that the Hebrideans sold out their holdings in the old country and left for Alberta under a very -mistaken idea as to what provision would be made for them here. They say positively that they were to be settled in a colony, which would be near a railway, and each could get 160 acres of land. There would be no payments required on this land for the first two years and at the commencement of the third year the first of the thirty- year instalments would be due. Another point they emphasize, and a most vital one, was that they were to receive loans to assist them in farming operations. Also, they were to receive assisted passage to this country. In-regard to the latter, it was learned subsequently that all received free passage. Misled by Publicity Publicity broadcasted by the Western Canada Colonization association as to splendid prospects for settling in the west was evidently largely responsible- : for the exodus on a larger scale than was justified at the time. Large announcements as to the company's plans for settlement and easy terms for repayment got over to the Hebrides; in fact, those promoting the emigration scheme were very favorably taken with the plan and it possibly resulted in a speeding up of recruiting. "I was certainly very favorably impressed with the Colonization company's plan and it looked good." said one of the promoters of Hebridean emigration on Thursday. While steps had been ta&en' to keep in touch with the colonization association, nothing1 much had been accomplished and other action had to be resorted to. Set Sail for Canada Receiving assurances by letter and verbally from Father Macintyre, some fifty families sold their holdings and made ready to set sail for Canada. Many of them were crofters operating on small farms of from ten to twenty acres which were leased. Some had two and three cows and as many as forty head of sheep which were sold. The proceeds were added to earnings and as a result some accumulated $500, while others had less and some more. One man is said to possess $5,000. "Is it correct that there was a rush to sell out?" asked the reporter. "Why, the whole of Scotland was invited," shot back one hardy looking "_v|ae7* Became An Epidemic From information gathered at other sources, it appears that two or three hoisted "for sale" signs and the movement was soon in epidemic form. "Why, it could just as easily have been 1,000 as 300," said Angus McLeod. It appears that there was no attempt made to restrict the number of the first contingent, so far as action at the embarking point was concerned. Receiving letters from Father Macintyre concerning fine prospects in Canada, the Hebrideans concluded that they should not delay any longer in making the trip. "Would you rather be back In the Hebrides?" one woman was asked. "Why, we have too much pride to go back," she replied. "We have sold out all we had, so what is there to go back to? No, we are going to stay here and we want to get located." Taking Plowing Lessons Arriving at the industrial farm, the reporter found several of the newcomers engaged at plowing lessons, although some admitted that it was more for exercise than education, as they had long training in this work at home. However, they guided the plow through the stubble with the finish of experts. T^ngusTTMcLeod wasTbne of tfie~first in^ terviewed. He said that the party was tiring of waiting for places, besides being misinformed as to what they were to receive. On account of his disappointment, he had not written home and would not do so until he was permanently located. He had not secured a place yet, although he had looked at several. One reason for refusing to take some land offered was that the interest rate would make it too heavy a | burden for a farmer to carry. This was i particularly so in the case of one $5,000 '< farm that he had looked at, because in buying it he would be undertaking an I obligation that would take years to dis- ] charge. "If we pay several hundred . dollars down for a farm, there .will be jj nothing left to get along with," said ff | another. y Want to Qet Located [^ Several expressed the opinion that j Alberta looked good as a farming coun- ] try and there appeared to be lots of j land.' But they wanted to get located. | it Was nearly two months since they I had left Scotland and they had felt certain of being on new holdings by now. "We did hot come out here to idle away our time," said one woman. Free homesteads appeal to quite a number of the immigrants, for they believe that if a number can settle in one community, assistance can be exchanged and some progress made. While they at first had the desire to all settle in a colony, that has been "scrapped" to a good extent, and if a group scheme can be worked out there is no doubt that they will be satisfied to a considerable extent. Faced with the necessity of pioneering, they are prepared to make the best of it, while rather regretful that they did not have a clear idea of what they were to receive in lands before they quit' the Hebrides. s Await Word From Ottawa pr On Thursday, there were one hundred and thirty-five children, with ninety men and twenty-five women, at the industrial farm. Some of these men had made selections of farms and were) awaiting word from Ottawa concerning! their qualifications for soldier settle- ] ment board lands. Sturdy looking youngsters, ranging in] age from four to nine years, played j about the farm and made the welkin | ring with their childish shouts. While talking in Gaelic, they showed know-1 ledge of * English, which is spoken fluently by some of their parents. These has been some sickness since the party arrived, while one young boy died recently of pneumonia. At present there are three measles cases and two chicken pox, which are isolated. It was stated that the patients suffering with measles came from Winnipeg. On the whole the party appeared to be quite healthy and of the hardy type which has made the Hebrides famous. There has been little sickness since the party left their former homes. Are Well Treated "We have been well treated since coming to the farm/' said McNeil Joiner. "The accommodation is good and there is plenty of good food. There is no complaint at all in that respect." Mr. Joiner, who is a cafpenter by trade, said that the clothing and shoes were sufficient for the summer, but they were not prepared for winter I conditions yet. He and others were wearing suits from homespun, made by their wives, which were of a quality to challenge Alberta winters. Just Matter of Time Father R. A. MacDonell, who is in charge of the settling of the newcomers in this country, says that he is greatly encouraged by the progress made, despite certain unforeseen delays. He feels certain that within a short time all will be located and if present plans are successfully carried out, all but eight or nine families will be settled within a few days. Various factors have contributed to the delay in getting the Hebrideans settled, so it was learned on Thursday. One point is that original plans were for twenty families to be sent out first and these would have been placed without difficulty. Instead, fifty fami- j lies came and it is fortunate that that j number was not doubled. Then, negotiations were opened in | order to secure a large tract of land, composed of some forty quarter sec- I tions near Innisfree. This land was involved in a court action and as a : result of various negotiations wMch j ultimately fell throng*., there was & 1 delay of two weeks/' It is understood that the price offered at,' one time was $75,000. ; Many War Veterans There are twenty-ftyje men in the party who have military service to their credit and these are being placed by the soldier settlement board as rapidly as possible. Som \ of the.se men have come from the wast ■ and have farming service to their credit, while others have been in the inereantile service and are awaiting- word as to whether that will count fto their credit in securing places under the jsoldier settlement board. Another^ factor that hais also resulted in some delay in getting the families settled is that they arrived here too late for the seeding operations on farms. Consequently there was little for fanners to offer in the way of employment although a number have been placed. Different to Ontario At one time there was a hope that some farmers would be willing to take a Hebridean and his family, at least for some months until he could get a start on his own farm. But it was found that conditions here .were different to Ontario, where there are extra cottages on farms and required accommodation available for the families of farm help. It is now understood that j£3^-»soi_?jj. idea of settling these immigrants is being put into effect. Already several have been placed in, the Ohaton district, some more near Camrose and ethers- west of Red T>eer. On Thursday several of the Hebrideans looked over an extensive area near AJham-bra where possibly forty families could be settled. Tfeere are a numiber of Finns and Russians in that district who are desirous of returning to the old country and are talking ef disposing of their improved holdings. It is therefore [possible £J*at a deal will he made. Prices Are Reasonable After 'looking over thatjjand th© Hebrideans expressed satisfaction with It, while prices were not considered -euc of the way. Further negotiations are expected to take place, as purchase of 'the land on a wholesale scale would be involved. Opinions expressed by those who are promoting this emigratioh Is that these people will be a great deal better off in this country. In their haume land many were on the verge of poverty and that led many to seek new (homes in the west. There was also (the fact that they would be with thela. children that also actuated them to favor a colonizing plan. In the settling of these people, the soldier settlement board hasf done a lot of fine word/ says Father MicGDonell, while the people of Red Deer Wve also rendered splendid assistance rrl-<=> board has been placing civilian' "p "i" well, as ex-service men, most attractive terms. Arrived with \ A case is cited where a ily, without funds, was farm and given a start, said tc have arrived in th. but $14. One difficulty met wi men on the soldier set farms is that it is hard them that a re-appraisal They assume that the fig. is the final price and const deductions that are erron "These men can only tt What is stated as a poss to them only as a fact," is closely in touch with. pointed out that this prot ed for them hastily or to cepting information as tc pects in this country. Generous treatment ace soldier settlement board quite a number of the shape fcr next season's op felt. Get Ready fop W They will be in a positic gardening this year and houses ready for winter .._ be on leased farms and give every opportunity for- on operations successfully of the crop usually requ . be asked for. Officials of the setUemer that there is no desire t the newcomers but rather most generous coi-ditions. out that the board had n ever to do with bringing tiers but when called u] every possible endeavor to established. Some reports ing $30 an acre for land to be unfounded while it is '"'•^tad that purchases are •^-"1. agricr I va THE TIMS, OBAN, SCOTLAND. July 7th, 192 3. .O THE HEBRIDEAN EMIGRANTS. ' O O THEIR SETTLEMENT IN CANADA, A newspaper known as the " Morning Bulletin," which is published in Ecfcmonton, ■ Alberta, contains some interesting information regarding the settlement of tbe He«b- ridean emigBants on lands in Alberta. In an issue of the newspaper of date 9th June details are given in regard to the settlement of the emigrants on farms of their own at Red Deer. In the course of an article dealiffg with the subject the writer says-:—Never before did any newcomers to the Dominion receive such universal assistance as the islanders, and those who homesteaded in Alberta in the years gone by can only gaze in open-mouthed amazement at the efforts which are being expended to jaatisfy these men, who are possibly the forerunner's of many thousands from northern Scottish mainland and the islands. These ment know nothing of the difficulties and disappointments which beset the settlers in the north during the past seventeen years. The Work of Settlement. To discover first-hand what is actually being done in the settling of the islanders, the writer travelled out to Westlock, where for two days previously five of the Hebrideans had been taken throughout the district inspecting the various farms. Three oars belonging to the Soldier Settlement Beard were at their service as well as the advice of J. A. Milligan, C. S. Bear, and F. L. Walker of the board. The party from Edmonton included Father McDonell. Major Gordon, and J. Gallegher of the S.S.B., and Mr Conroy, and as the Government Ford fled ovetr the smooth north road other days and other modes were brought back to memory. Over this same trail, we who settled the north from 1905 onwards, had "punched" our y bull teams through the morasses which then were designated in courtesy as " uoads ; ■' we had cleared'' the brush, laid the corduroy, and cleared the path for^those to follow. And so the Hebrideans can travel by auto to their new-found farms. Small wonder that they are satisfied! Travelling out I had the opportunity of a lengthy talk with. Father McDonell. the mainspring of the new immigration, Aside from his calling the cleric is a man of parts ; a farmer of many years stancMng, and well- known to those' who served in France, as padre of the 72nd Vancouver Battalion. There as here he was always with the advance party; he does not like remaining at the base and issuing orders, but oan always be found in the front line. The quiet little clergyman, speaking the pure English of Inverness, is furthermore possessed of a broad mind, and though the majority of his immigrants are of the Catholic faith, he appears to think that Protestants can f_?rm too, and he is endeavouring to make arrangements with a Presbyterian confrere to conduct parties of Hebrideans from the northern islands, w'he'ue the Protestants are in the majority. Fifty Families. The Father had made arrangements in Scotland for twenty families to come out to Alberta this year; but fifty arrived, which added to the difficulty of the situation. They insisted on all being located together, and much time was used in the endeavour to accomplish this. To locate them in this manner a large area of land had of. necessity to be secured, and endeavour was made to purchase several ranches for the purpose, but after much, negotiation it was found impossible, and it was recognised that the islanders would have to scatter. Many of them possessed very slender means: all of them were* land hungry, and after a life of living on other men's farms their one idea was to get on to their own property and get there in a hurry|. Father McDonell admitted frankly that there was disillusionment, but after a few weeks the settlers recognised that it were better to go slow in the selecting of a permanent home, than rush in on land which when the newness of ownership had worn off, and the glamour of being landowners had disappeared, might be disappointing. Selection of the Farms. The farms chosen for the islanders by the S.S.B. are selected view a view to moderate price, yet with sufficient buildings ,and improvements to make an immediate start possible. The five heads of families who located on Thursday are all within a six- mile radius of Westlock, and the perpetual question of " How far is it to a school " was solved to the satisfaction of the immigrants in every instance. Thef are all men with families, and with every father the thought of school appeared uppermost in their minds. The first farm visited was that chosen fey Angus Macintyre, and consisted of 50 acres broken, fair buildings, and on a* main road. It had been chosen and passed on by the S.S.B. supervisors; Angus liked it, Mr Conroy, Major Gordon and the rest of us all declared it suitable, but not until Father McDonell gave the final word did this islander definitely abandon his demeanour of doubt, and decide that this was to be nis home for all time. As with Mr Macintyre, so with the rest of the five, with ome* exception. Roderick Macdonald picked on a low-lying quarter with a light soil; apparently a cheap farm, which was the idea which prompted the selection despite the advice of the S.S.B. men, and Roderick clung to his idea, until a flow of Gaelic expostulation from Father McDonell cleared the matter up and he appeared satisfied to abide by the decision of the clerical farmer. \^ Judgment Endorsed. ■ U^ All the others chose well, their judgment being endorsed by the party. Each took a well-improved quarter section, with the exception of Neil McNeill, who indulged in a half-section, ia large portion of which was brush. Neil has three big sons, and he intends to turn them loose in the brush with axes; he has enough land to give him a crop this year, some small buildings and a cheap farm. Going to make Good. Half of them are now settled to their satisfaction, thanks largely to the efforts on their behalf by the Soldier Settlement Board, which locate many hundreds with equal facility. The islanders themselves are not saying much, what they do announce is pithy, to the point and comiiionsense, and they are not imagining vain things. On parting Gilbert McLellan summed up their views:—"■ We have got to work hard to pay for our farms, but if we do well there are many of our people who will.: follow us." Thus the spearhead of the new immigration is placed. These hardy men from the rocky island farms have every qualification to make good, acid they are going to do so, if one could judge from their demeanour. It is a movement which means much to Canada, and a realisation of Father McDonell's schemes will he fraught with much good for the Dominion and for the men, whose forbears did so much to hold Canada for the British crown. EDMONTON JOUFNAL - 27th June,1923. O ON JOURNAL. HEBRIDEAN. AR GAIN SUBJECT M ENQUIRY Colonel Buckley Quotes Hon, Charles Stewart In Replying to Questioner (Canadian Press Cable) LONDON', June 27.—^Replying to a question in the house of commons yesterday regarding the emigrants from the Scottish Hebrides said to have. bee*, stranded at Red Deer, Alberta, Colonel Albert Buckley, parliamentary secretary of the overseas trade department. quoted the statement of Hon. Charles Stewart, Canadian minister of immigration, in the hous*e of commons at Ottawa that th® settlement of the Hebrideans was satisfactory except in the ease of five persons, who it was expected would also be .satisfactorily settled. Colonel Buckley pointed out that the settlers from the Hebrides went out to Canada under the joint auspices of the British government and the Canadian government, the latter undertaking to make all arrangements for their settlement. Colonel Buckley's questioner then asked if it was not the case that about two hundred of these immigrants had been living in a hall at Red) Deer, for which they paid no rent but had to maintain themselves some weeks while waiting to be settled on the land-. Colonel Buckley replied that he had no information regarding such a report.. __»]__>_ JOUEHAI - 3um 18th.192; 'a Should Serve As Warning In the course of the debate on the arrangements that were made for the reception of the people from the Hebrides, the Honorable E. M. Macdonald spoke of those who came from these same "misty islands" to Nova Scotia one hundred and fifty years ago. They cut their farms, he recalled, out of heavy bush country as others from the Hebrides had done in Ontario, and had no government agencies to look after them when they arrived. Does Mr. Macdonald intend to argue that, because one hundred and fifty years ago the government did nothing to help settlers get a good sftart and let them shift for themselves as best they could, the administration of which he is a member should do nothing now? We had an idea that the opinion was now held unanimously, that it was in the interests of the country, as well as of the newcomers, that the state should j accept responsibility for establishing j them under the right conditions. Many have come through successfully without such help, but many who, if it had been given them, would have made good, have suffered unnecessary losses and, becoming discouraged, have driflted to other places and to other occupations. Experiences in the west following the last great tide of immigration Should leave no one in any doubt as to the necessity of doing more than merely dump the settlers on the land. Thanks to the effort made within the last week or so, the problem constituted by the Hebrideans is now in a fair way to being solved. Locations are rapidly being found for them. But it is quite clear that adequate preparations were not made by government agencies in advance of their arrival, and the organization of the department must be perfected so that a similar state of affairs will not arise again. From now on we may expect the immigration movement to increase rapidly and, in order to cope with it, a well I coordinated plan for the placing of ^p.e settlers should be worked out. Forager Residents of Hebrides on Way to Red Deer at St. John Impress Onlookers as Just Right Type, Physically and Mentally, to Make Good in This Country- Are Well Supplied with Funds ST JOHN, N.B., April 29. — Ta the merry skirl of the pipes, the Hebrideans who left their native land on the steamer Marlooh to seek their fortunes in the Red Deer district of Alberta, stepped briskly down the gangway this morning* and marched from the dock to the Immigration sheds. There they were formally welcomed to Canada by Mayor Fisher, of St John, who accorded to tho new-comers not only (the cordial greetings of the city, but also words of salutation and good wishes on behalf of Hor__ James Stewart, acting minister ot iro -ration, in the federal govern- and Hon. D. "Wl Morriseres* ial minister of agriculture. The large group of Scots who* came to St John today, the __r_,t group of (Britishers to come here in years as a body, was most favorable in comment by local people who watched the debarking. Alert, rugged, self-reliant and showing 'a a pronounced degree the color which comes from good health, tho Hebrideans impressed onlookers aa. just the right type, physically and men tally, to make good In this, country. St An&r'ews Olves Welcome, St Andrew's Society was repre« in force among- the welcome % ^^1 their piper was present ^ fo*e o^>n<3, costum© fl-nd played t*'00*>fo& landing, during ith© H to the immigration building iring the routine of examina^ jy the government officials. cb among the Hebrideans also iished music in the immigration. ids. The Hebrideans are in charge of .lev. John McMillan, who will remain with them at Red Deer, as pastor, and Rev. Alexander J. Oil- lies, who will; when the party ia finally I©uat£dft Jteturn to- the He- b*' *ea_ e Marloch left Stornaway, Henri April 14, and for three daysVv.e^ vessel travelled at the usual rate of speed. Then she was enveloped in a blanket of fog $o thick that, according to passengers, the surface of the water was not visible, while officers of -the ship said that the masts were not visible from the bridge. For four days, It was said by a passenger,, he Marloch merely drifted. ;____qp^e__.cetl in __^am_lng* The Hebrideans comprise one hundred and ninety eight adults; eighty <three children and seven infants. All those of school and adult age are fairly educated and are experienced in operating _*ma<_ farms and in fishing. The women are experts in the manufacture of all kinds of clothing, from the forming of wool into yarn .to the fashioning of the finished product, all by hand. Samples of their work show* that the women are very skilful. South Uist, Banbouls and Banna, are the native places of the majority of the party*. They are nearly all well supplied with funds, many having a thousand pounds sterling to a family. Rev. John McMillan, speaking? of the Hebrideans, said the young men ^ho comprise a considerable pfo- on of the newcomers, are iff.'*1 J active individuals and are proficJu^ not only in farming and. Ashing, but aiso in- sport. Small farms averaging from ten to thirty acres ore the land areas with which the Hebrideans are familiar, he, said. In addition, they carried on common pasturage operations. The stock consisted of from twt> to eight cattle and ten sheep. .Hope for Bejtlter Times. ~~p The party expect to do well here, as they believe that they will in th!* country escape the drawback of profitless seasons which in the Hebrides come closer together in the last few years. Hopeful, -therefore, of betterment* in their new homes In Red _>eer, where an area has been chosen for j some of them which compares in its | physical features with their homeland, the Hebrideans went out this afternoon with smiling countenances, glad that their long voyage was over and keenly expectant in their outlook towards the country which they believe offers them greater prosperity than they have previously known. Mr McMillan emphasized &n$ po'nt in his conversation. It was that the Hebrideans did not propose to give up Gaelic. They would retain their own language as well as speaking English, he said. He hoped that they would soon have at Red .Deer their own church and school- -TDI-ONTOg BULLETIN - go/4/25. ^ / THE SmomOS JOURNAL - MARCH 10, 1924, o Q • Editor, The Journal, Sir,—Will you allow me space to tell of the conditions of the Soldier Settlers who purchased in 1919? Land values were inflated before the S. S. B. began purchasing, but rose much higher when it was known that the government, through the S. S. B was in the market as a cash buyer for many thousand of acres. ' Soldiers who bought at that time found themselves heavily burdened with debt, and before anything could bo sold to relieve their burdens, prices of farm commodities fell-"to almost pre-war prices. The hard winter of 1919-1920 put many into private debt for feed as the S. S. B. refused to buy feed till spring of 1920 when it was too high for ordinary farmers to purchase. Then two very poor crops in succession added to their financial difficulties. In 1922 it was advocated by many who understood farm conditions that the S. S. B. re-value farms and equipment purchased in 1919. This was vetoed in the federal house but a measure to consolidate payments, with more time to pay in, was passed. This is like a spoonful of water to a thirsty man, tasty, but not, very satisfying. Take an example—a settler purchases land at $25.00 per acre in 1919, making his debt on a quarter section come to $4,000.00. In 1923 it would be hard to find a purchaser for that land at $15.00 per acre, or $2,400.00. As a proof of this the C.P.R. are selling land at half the price asked in 1919. What chance has a soldier! who is paying for a $4,000 farm compared with a, man who can buy a farm-equally as good for $2,400.00? I put this question to an S. S. B. collector, who came to visit me along with our supervisor, and he said the Board could do nothing regarding revaluation. NOW lots of us soldier settlers feel like combining like the C. P. R.'con- I tract; holders are doing, and refusing to pay any more until our demands of revaluation are acceeded to. If the. average citizen understood the conditions they wrould help in every w:ay possible to bring this to pass.. It would' be a lasting disgrace to have hundreds of soldier settlers giye up their farms in des'pair of ever paying for them. They would drift to the cities and cause endless misery to themselves, their wives, , and families. i I do not wish to blame local S. S. j "&.. officials who do their duty as ! 1 called for in their orders from Ot-I ! tawa, but. there, is a "nigger in the j 1 wood pile somewhere." If true figures could be obtained i of the cost of the soldiers settlement act and its administration together with the total returns and payments up-to date from this act and administration, a deplorable state of affairs. would be found. This expensive sol- j diet settlement business will surely I | add to Canada's heavy burden of j taxation. f Does tho large staff carried to ad- j minister this, business warrant its i existence? We fellows had to work fifteen! | and sixteen hours a day to get in ; I our little share of Alberta's big crop, j yet we get mighty small value for ; it compared to what the other fei- ! low gets who toils for eight hours j. per day with a good salary. It | I makes a lot of us wish we had been | wise' city guys instead of back-to- j the-land goats. However, we are here, and would like to stay and make good, but under the conditions we are placed it is almost impossible. Revaluation of our holdings is. about the only thing that, can save us. A. Ii. ELRIBGE,, Round Hill,' • THE EDMONTON JOURNAL, NTERESTED IN MIGRATION FLOW Q Conditions Under Which Hebrideans Settled In Canada Siibject of Query <HBy Canadian £*resa Cable) LONDON, June 26—The house of commons continues to show interest in information regarding the flow of mi- j gration to the dominions. i A question was put in the* house con- | cerning the conditions under which the ; Hebrideans which recently emigrated j had settled in Canada and an apparently j satisfactory reply was given on behalf of the government byA Colonel Buckley, secretary of the overseas trade department. Colonel Buckley also mentioned that I the voluntary bodies interested in migration which were receiving govern- *ment assistance*in respect to schemes under the empire settlement act were the Salvation Army, the British Dominion Emigration ■. society, the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, and Craigielinn Farm of Pais?- ley. The Canadian government paid approved societies $80 in respect of each- boy between eight and seventeen years and each girl between eight and fifteen years who are approved by the superintendent of immigration for Canada during the current financial year, .Colonel Buckley added that assistance i_. given by the overseas settlement committee only in a, limited number of cases on account of outfit. Altogether 19,1.70 persons, said the minister, had migrated under the empire settlement act to the end of. May. No complete record was kept of the partgt of the1 country from which the emigrants had come. \ EDMONTON JOURNAL - MARCH 10. 1Q24. O o THE SOLDIER SETTLERS Editor, The Journal. j Sir,-—It is very interesting to read j Mr. Gordon's letter in your paper of Feb. 29. Does Mr. Gordon think i for one minute that the people of | Canada are going to swallow h. s j I speech at the Edmonton board of j ['trade meeting. He states that out | I of 167 farms formerly owned by the ' ! soldiers only in two cases did they ! lose.: I do not believe him at all. I; think if he said only in two cases j j did they come out even he would be ; getting nearer the point. He also1 ! states that there has not been a? single instance in which title to a : soldier settler's land has been can- 1 celled by the board, because of his ! inability to meet annual payments. \ No, they go about it in a different' way. It is made very disagreeable I if you cannot meet your payments. One is getting worried all the time till he gets sick of it and quits and - as far as the soldiers being on good standing they are far from it. I know settlers in my district that are up against it and the same exists in all! other districts. I will state my own case. In 1919 I bought a farm in Waskatenau district and I am owing today to the S. S. B. sixty-eight hundred, dollars and all of that amount for one quarter, 146 acres. tast year I had a good crop, 3,000 oats, 900 wheat, 125 barley and be - fore I was threshed I wras getting worried by the inspector right in the field I got a letter from the S. S. B. wanting to know when I was going to make my payment and I wrote and told them I wrould make my payment at the end of October , and I intended doing so. About a j week later out comes the inspector ! and asks me to make my payment | and I told him I would make it at j the end of October as I expect to have all my grain sold by then. "Well," he said, "I will seize," and j he did. I have now left the farm j with my wife and kid looking for a j fresh start in- life (but not from the j S. S. B.—no chance). I think, Mr. • Gordon has taken the lid off a boiling ; pot. I would like to say one thing j more. In the year 1922 there was j an inspector from Ottawa around I my district making an inspection and he did. He was shown around j all the best looking places and was ! never shown around the homesteads \ that the soldiers had a loan pn. He sure would have had something;, to ! report on. The people of Canada 1 are tired of listening to all this buh- | combe and they are not swallowing it jas fast as they did two or three 1 years ago. The board has also taken my home- I stead away from me. So you see I | have lost my home. My S. S. B. i farm is now beingf offered by the inspector for $4,000. Some difference between $6,800 and $4,000. S. H. SCOTT, Waskatenau, Alta. THE EDMONTON JOURNAL, March 19, 1924, ANOTHER STORY Editor, The Journal. Sir,—I have just read the letter written by S. H. iScott and published in your paper. I know nothing about Mr. Scott's .case,, but probably if we heard the S. S. B.'s side of the story it would sound different. Mr. Scott kicks about the amount he owes— $6,800.00—on one quarter. Surely he was satisfied with the price at the time he bought and signed the papers for that amount. He does not mention how much of this amount was for stock and equipment. The settlers who bought farms and equipment in 1919-1920-1921, bought when prices were at the peak, but we can j hardly blame the S. S. B. for the! drop in price-s. . Mr. Scott says he knows settlers who are up against it. So do I, and they are not all soldier settlers either. Settlers have been up against it in this country ever since they first started settling, ■ but a good many are still, sticking ; with it. I started farming under the board j in 1920 and must say that I have ; found them very reasonable in every- j thing. Our former supervisor, Mr. j Wain, and Mr. Patterson, the present one, have always been- willing and anxious to ne\$ in any way possible. Certainly I have never heard of them worrying anyone till they got sick of it and quit, as Mr. iScott says. I think that any soldier settler who is doing his best to get along and is making any headway will have very little to complain of from the S. S. B. T. A. MORTON.,] Warwick, Alta. o Public Knows Little About Working of Soldiers' Board Bamonton BuHut in, 1/8/21. Major Gordon, Superintendent of Soldier Settler Board, Addesses Board of Trade Luncheon, Explaining Working of His Department and the Difficulties It Meets ft If is a: peculiar situation,'* -.declared Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the Soldier Settlement Board, in an address at the Board of Trade luncheon yesterday, "to find so little knowledge of the workings of, the board although thirty millions has been spent in the province. "The public are accustomed to hear of failures and the lamentations of malcontents, so this opportunity to tell the business men something of our stewardship is a welcome one to me. With 70.000 applications of returned men to deal with, every district office in Canada was deluged with problems and bombarded with demands of individuals who desired immediate at- ' ten tion." It was impossible to do so without error, Major Gordon remarked. "But not one dollar of public fund. was lost and the investment on the whole was a sound one for Canada. The great improvements made by the settlers has offset any depreciation by a wide'margin.'" Pointing to a map of Canada on the wail, the speaker said that if two lines were drawn from the Atlantic to the Pacific three miles apart, the area enclosed wrould equal the area of soldier settler lands. 1 Then pointing to a map of .Mberfa he said, "If two lines were.-drawn for 200 miles from Calgary to Edmonton and six miles apart, the area enclosed would equal the new land broken in the past five years by soldier settlers." Stories of abandonment have been exaggerated, he declared, since they had not exceeded 2.5 per cent, which was small compared with the record for ordinary farmers of 8 per cent in the state of Kansas in recent years. Causes of Abandonment "Death, insanity or return of war disabilities and the inability to adg.pt themselves to farm life -have been the chief causes," said the speaker, "for farms being abandonded. Probably 75 per centof the /failures were directly attributed to the discontent Of the women on the- farms. But it is to be expected that of those who attain success, as large a percentage do so because of the aid of women." "Much has been heard about th-3 discrimination of (lie each against west, but do the people.realize that of ninety-eight millions invested in all Canada by the board, eighty- three millions were- expended west of the Great Lakes and thirty millions in Alberta? "Twenty millions have been returned," declared Major Gordon. "Of the 7,000 soldier settlers in the province, practically all paid their taxes during 1922." Referring to stories of government extravagances, the speaker declared that administration of the board cost; less- than one per cent and compared very favorably wtih the best of loan companies' operations. Thrift and Industry Several stories of settlers were recounted by the major to show the thrift and industry of former soldiers on the land. One wrote, from Clyde: "I want to show the,-public that they are not betting, en. the wrong horse in supporting this settlement scheme." .--■■ Continuing to ..tell of success, he declared, "this board has never put a single soldier settler on the/land. Each man selected his own land and equipment. We merely reserve the right to say whether or not we approve of the investment." f-. Touching upon the general charge that lands had been bought at the peak of high prices in 19.1.9 and 192 0 particularly, he denied that excessive prices had been paid. "Of 13 7 farms abandonded and resold in Edmonton district to civilians, a loss was taken on only two cases." "So if is nlost unfair to continue to advocate a re-valuation of soldier settlement lands. Many soldiers returning to civilian life had made disastrous ventures in business, buying at peak prices and selling out when low. So it wrould be unfair to saddle a share of reduced valuation upon such a large,number who bore their own losses business individually." Those whose lands were taken up in the era, of high prices had received a fair allowance foy way of interest exemptions, he sapd. "By spreading the amount due over- twenty-nve years, it was less than $12 per month, a small rent, if paid. Not New Thing_ "After all," continued Major Gordon, "this soldier settler wo_iv is not new to canada, for the country'was originally settled by soldiers whose terms of service had expired, Thev I were given free land grants and for the first year got full pay and rations, the second year half-pay and rations and the third year one- third of each; *"Ih view of the work of theboard in looking after the settlers from the Hebridies and the British harvesters," he continued, "there has been a new work saddled upon us, that of looking after new immigrants." He made a plea for the co-operation * of town boards of trade and rural municipalities which had vacated lands to assist. "The first place to establish immigrants is upon abandonded farms," declared the major, "before new lands are opened up." He depreciated the talk of gloom and expressed the hope that most of the gloom-dispensers had left the province. In closing he declared that if the members of the board of trade would combine in whole-hearted endeavor to retain the cash proceeds of the crop of northern Alberta here instead of allowing it to go to the financial centres of the east, the city would prosper, "If energy such as has been displayed in this board Is directed toward a solution of our farm problems, then the whole district would prosper." ji GUi^ro^oiL - ^oU^o^jU^ Q C^J^^oSi Soldier Settlers Winning Out A prominent resident of an Alberta : city happened to be at a rural gathering'. He was asked to speak and began in this vein: "I have been 4o__. i&ai you are mostly soldier set-L • tiers, if that is so, all I can say is | *'God help you." It took the agents j of the soldier settlement board many: months to counteract the effect of this careless speech. The incident was related with much feeling by the Edmonton superintendent of the board in the address which he gave last Friday on his work. The indignation which he expressed over it will be readily understood. It serves to illustrate how much harm can be done by thoughtless people who go about the | country talking* pessimistically on | subjects of which they know little or nothing. It was not an easy mat-; i ter to keep these soldier settlers I : from losing heart during the period : Of great difficulty through which I everyone on the land recently pass- I ed and the officials directing the ; work must often have found it very! hard to keep cheerful themselves let! j alone to succeed in imparting cheer- ; ; fulness to those whose operations | they were supervising-. But in spite | of everything, the settlement scheme j is winning out and is going to mean 1 big* things for the country and for those who have participated in it. When the dominion government launched this plan for re-establishing the soldier who wished to take up farming, there were grave doubts ; entertained .in connection with it. These were greatly accentuated a! little more than three years ago, i when farm prices began to drop. To many it looked as if not only would the hopes of a large proportion of I the settlers be disappointed and that j they would have to start again, at something else, but that the government would have to shoulder a very heavy loss. In view of these fears, a most agreeable surprise is afforded by the story of what has been accomplished that. Superintendent Gordon gave to the Edmonton board of trade last week. Of the $98,000,000 loaned by the board, $30,000,000 has been put out I in Alberta. TM equivalent of-j ^twenty-eight townships has been j brought under cultivation in the province by these settlers. This gives an idea of what a colonizing force they have proven. By their own efforts, they have so increased the value of their lands and with it the government's margin of security, that there is no possibility that the latter will lose by its venture. This at least is the opinion emphatically stated by Mr. Gordon. He further calls attention to the fact that practically every one of the settlers has paid his taxes in full and that seventy per cent, of them are meeting their annual payments to the government. Even though the purchases were made at peak prices, there have been only two of the 187 abandoned farms that have been sold by the board in the Edmonton district on which losses have been sustained. °Th Ti* CLTSaOs It wa¥"~IhevitabTe, of course, that { some would fail to make good and i give up trying to do so. But, especially in view of the general situation that has prevailed during the past three years, the outcome has been a remarkably successful one. The great majority of those who have taken up land under the j scheme are well satisfied and the j economic structure of the province and of the dominion has been appreciably strengthened. Since last spring two most effective demonstrations have been given of the efficiency of the soldier settlement organization and of the usefulness of the work which it may^do outside the particular field to whioh in the first place it was limited. It took hold of the problems constituted by the settlers from the Hebrides and by the British harvesters and in each case brought about a prompt solution. The result is that in the era of iarge immigration that is now opening up, the board will be utilized in placing the newcomers and giving them the right kind of a start. Judging by what it has already to its credit, great things may be looked for from it with the enlargement of its activities. 9 *-.</. o o o o o o V GHEATEHYIELD OFFSET LOWER GIN PRICES Average Per Farm In 1923 Was $2,797 According Official Figures JOHN M. IMRIE AT COMMERCE CLUB Last Year's Crop More Than Double Any Previous Alberta Output That the average cash return per farm in Alberta in 1923 was $18 higher than the average for the years 1918, 1919 and 1920, when grain prices were at their peak, was the striking statement of John M. Imrie, managing director of the Edmonton Journal, in an address to the Commerce club of the University of Alberta on Tuesday. This statement was supported by the following comparative figures of value of agricultural products taken from official records of the provincial government: Average value of agricultural products in 1923 was $223,814,304; from 1918 to 1920, $239,039,352. Average number of farms in 1923, 80,000; from 1918 to 1920, 86,000. Average per farm in 1923, $2,797; from 1918 to 1920, $2,779. Yield Was Increased These figures went to show, Mr. Imrie said^ that the low prices in 1923 were more than made up by the increase in yield in wheat, oats and barley, the wheat crop, he pointed out, being more than double the largest previous crop in the province. In a progressive country like this there comes a time for stock-taking; and an appraisal of our progress is periodically essential, said Mr. Imrie. There is every basis for confidence in the future of Alberta. Alberta is wonderfully gifted by nature, obvious evidence of which is seen in our soil, coal, gas, timber and other resources. Of course, these potential resources are of no value until developed. But we can judge the future by the past, and there is ample evidence that our resources can be made of great value. Four-Fold Increase In her brief life of only eighteen' years as a provincial entity the population of Alberta has increased fourfold. The grain yield has increased twenty-fold, even if the figure of present yield be the average for the first five years. On top of this astounding grain increase is the fact that we have essentially a mixed j farming country. Even at present; low prices the total agricultural products of Alberta in' 1923 were worth $223,000,000. Mines, " forests and lakes yielded a further revenue of $35,000,000, making a total of $258,000,000. Yet less than 15 per cent, of Alberta's arable land is under cultivation. Surely this record of development in eighteen years is an answer to the pessimist, said Mr. Imrie. ! New Varieties of Crops In pioneering days mistakes were unavoidable. To suit the climatic conditions of Alberta new varieties of crops had to be developed or introduced. Much valuable work has been done in this line, and still more is now in progress, so that the future is very rosy. Being a mixed farming country is a great advantage also. The mixed farmer is better able to stand lean years. Also the fact that mixed farmers have tc be on their land all year builds up a better community life. Better-, homes are built. The advantages of Alberta for diversified farming will attract a large proportion of the agricultural immigrants to Alberta, said Mr. Imrie. ALBERTA LEADS CONTINENT LOW COST OF WHEAT Highest Yields and Lowest Cost of Production at Westlock, Alberta WAS KINGTON, Feb. 17 .—Figures given out by the tariff commission showing comparative cost of producing wheat and the yield, indicate that Alberta farmers lead by a considerable margin for the whole of the American continent. In the following table, "yield" means average yield per acre for a three-year period, 1921-1923. "Cost" means cost to the farmer per bushel for producing cleaned wheat delivered at "country elevator or loading platform. In production cost is figured the rental value of land, and Canadian cost is converted into United States currency. District Hallock, Minn Halstead, Minn. Cesselton, N.D Jamestown, N.D. . . Reel field, S.D '. Glasgow, Mont. Dauphin, Man. .... Melita, Man Ham iota, Man .... Swift Current, Sask, Alameda',. Sask. . . . .' Old*?, Alberta . . . ... Westlock, Alberta , Yield 15.4 11.3 8.9 12.3 12.0 12.7 23.6 13.7 22.5 17:2 12.0 24.6 33.2 Cost $1.2 2 1.44 1.91 1.22 1.40 1.21 .68 .98 .69 .99 1.04 ( .7 0 £ ,60 1 Lessons in Marketing In marketing we have learned! miany lessons, and Mr." Imrie foresees in the near future a reduction in the spread between the price paid to the farmer and the world market price. Transportation has always been a handicap to Alberta, but the opening of the Pacific-Panama route is bringing in a new era in agriculture. "When the Peace River country gets a direct outlet to the coast it will open up land potentially able to produce as much wheat as is now grown in all western Canada. It will be the closest large wheat area to tide-water on the continent. Market for Alberta Coal The coal business of Alberta, likewise, has tremendous possibilities gfaid Mr. Imrie. A market in Ontario is likely to be developed. Scientific experiments are now in progress whereby it is hoped that ways will be found to make the byproducts alone pay the cost of mining. The development of electric power at the pit heads may be a very important thing in the future. Last year, said Mr. Imrie, the average cash return to Alberta farmers was $2,797. This is actually more than the average during peak war prices. There is every reason for courage, hope and confidence that prosperous days are at hand for Alberta. In conclusion, Mr. Imrie appealed to the members of the club to use their youthful enthusiasm to work out the great and glorious destiny of Alberta. The thanks of the club to Mr. Imrie was very suitably expressed by "Pip" Owen. President Bob Baker, on behalf of the club, expressed their congratulations to C. EL Race, the honorary president, on his recent appointment as an A. C. I. S. find;' THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1924 O O O O 150 Farmers Here In Attempt to Get A Railway Outlet (Continued from Page 1) shallow rivers s. nd low hill ranges afford, and once a road is built, the residents are certain there will be freight in plenty to maintain.it. At present fleets of trucks maintain connection with the railway at Westlock, but naturally this medium is temporary only. In the territory mentioned there are no large bodies of land held by railroads and other companies, and practically every quarter section was homesteaded originally. Meet to Confer. branching northwest and northeast from Edmonton, left a large triangle of territory which neither could serve, stating further that the area represented was one of the oldest settlements in the province, dating back to the nineties and the days of the Klondyke rush. "This is the largest single, block of well-settled agricultural land in the province," said Mr. McLaughlin, "and when the men who settled it were heading north in 1904 and 1905 they wTere given definite assurances that a railway would follow them." The member for Pembifta stated that in conversation with one of the On Wednesday afternoon the dele gates met in one of the committee surveyors who ran the preliminary rooms in the legislative buildings (railway survey through the country and, under the chairmanship of Hugh Critchlow of Barrhead, arranged to present their case to the.government in the evening. Though the meeting With the premier was announced for 8 p. m._ at 7:30 such a thing as a vacant chair was a rarity, and by the time all the delegates and their friends had assembled, standing room was also at a premium. With the arrival of the Premier, various cabinet ministers, and some members of the opposition, George McLaughlin, member for Pembina, introduced the massed delegation to the members of the leg- last fall, this engineer had stated it "was the best portion of Alberta he had seen, while the people were of the finest class. Mr. McLaughlin then introduced A. Van Ark. of Neer- landia, the first? spokesman for the delegation. The Hollanders. Mr. "Van Ark. who settled in the country twelve years ago with a number of skilled farmers from Holland, Instanced also the promises of railways which had been made to them, and that after going through the usual pioneer hardships and building homes, the auestion which e islature and outlined the reason fori now arose in the minds of the peo the visit. !Ple was, 'Ts it worth while continu- Big Triangle. ..ling?" He stated emphatically that He showed that the railways! it would be possible to obtain very ., ■ ■• 7,,/ '" ■ ' ' „ _~, •, • ^ i many more excellent settlers from j the Netherlands, but that something (more than empty promises WTas required. J. McGregor, of Eastburg, stated that he came north in 1906 backed by definite promises of railway construction, the lack of which was emphasized by the fact that where last 3 j year there were 600 farmers in his "district, there are now 350. "If. the 31 railway is put through, they will come back, however," said the speaker. W. Thompson of Carlton Hill said: 'This auestion is one which enters into every phase of our lives; we have got to the position now when we have almost given up all hope for transportation, and though we have never had a crof^ failure in this district for eighteen years, due to the lack of a railway, it will be impossible for us to live in the county much longer." "Will It Pay?" "Will the railway pay?" queried Delegate Olaf Finstead, from Freeman Riyer. which he answered by another auestion, "Will it pay the country if the present settlers go out one by one, as they are doing?" He showed the difficulties which confronted the people who live on and beyond the Athabasca river, and drew a word picture of the necessity for spending seven days on the road to haul a load of grain to the nearest railway. "The members of the legislature understand the situation," said O. T'harp of Manoia. "We want immigrants but We have plenty of men up there who dug homes out pf the brush, who are entitled to consideration also.'* J. Walsh, of Fort Assiniboine, stated that though he was 110 miles by road from Edmonton and had lived in the north for thirteen .years that hestill had some hope, and said that HP. the railway were built it would serve 600,000 acres of strictly 'agricultural land. He showed that many of the men who had gone into his district in comfortable circumstances Were now quite the reverse and concluded toy saying": "We have got to go somewhere where we can live/." Two Opinions H. Howard, of Roselea, told of the hardships in his district where it was posible to haul only fifteen sacks of grain to the railway at a time, while F. 'Skinner, of Lunnford also brought out the fact that orop failures in this territory were unknown "Today we are of two opinions in our district," said the speaker, "whether to stick it out another year or get whatever we can for our goods and leave the country." Wallace, of Campsie, said: "I am thinking tonight of the pioneers Who made his territory and who have been forced to paoK up their trunks and leave the country. It is tragic." He then referred to the delegation which interviewed the Hon. A. Sif- ton in 1916 at which the Hon. Frank Oliver was present and when ho made an impassioned speech on the necessity of opening up the north. "I would point out to the members of the Liberal party present," said Mr. Wallace, "that the conditions are the same as when Mr. Oliver, spoke of them before." Mr. Wallace, who is an authority on the subject of economics, spoke at length in relation to this as affecting the people of the north, and showed that With the long haul to the present railway that all the profits of the year's work were eaten up. K. iSteWart, of Roseho-lme, ©aid: "We have to consider the people of the generation to come who will live here also; this matter of the railway means life and death to us and we certainly look for a definite answer from the government." A Fine Country. Hugh Critchlow of Barrhead, the last delegate to speak commenced by saying: "You have heard from the other delegates of the quality of the Country in question; it has never had a crap failure, the settlers have never applied for seed grain, and there has been less land* sold for taxes here than any other portion of the province,," * Mr. Critchow illustrated that on four separate occasions members of the government had given solemn promises as to the construction of the railway, "and this constitutes a moral obligation on somebody," said the speaker. He 'concluded by stating that if the government would give a definite statement it would toe possible to hang on for another year, while he illustrated clearly that it was not the wish of the delegation to endeavor to force the . government's hand. Mr. McLaughlin then gave a resume of the granting Of the railway charter, stating that it was a tangible project and that the data in respect to the surveys was all on file. He also made reference to a petition in respect to the same matter which had been presented two years ago to the government and which contained the name of 173 farmers, who had under cultivation a total area of 27,829 acres. "This railway would be a paying proposition and it is a reasonable one," said the member for Pembina. Hie Premier Speaks The delegates were then addressed by the Hon. Herbert Greenfield, who said: "I appreciate the position very fully. 1 know the whole country and I am aware that the statements you have made are not exaggerated. I knew your heeds tout it is not always posible for a government to do what it would like to do. The province has heavy railway liabilities and until the budget is brought down we shall not know how we stand. We will not make a promise to anyone until we know that we can carry it out," said the Premier, "but I do promise that you will get a definite answer within four or six weeks." .*■■ Mr. Greenfield then stated that he appreciated the spirit of the delegates, the expenses to which they were put and which they could ill afford, and concluded by stating, "I will make no promise to you until we are ready to go ahead and grade the road; the government^ will do its best, but it is impossible to state definitely what it can do at this time." The Premier was accorded a very hearty reception at the conclusion of his address a vote of thanks being tendered on the part of the delegates by Hugh Critchlow. C*r 3f Harris, of Mellowdale,, gave -v»-> +>.«_.*• __t.p Nti_5^ was sim- d p CAPITAL AFRAID ] OF ALBERTA, SAY! MORTGAGE » Journal♦JLaiiy. 6,1924J Are Holding Round Table Conference With Farmers at Legislative Buildings PRIORITY CLAMS ARE THRESHED OUT Money Available for Investment If Certain Acts Are Amended Some wray of making peace between the farmers and the mortgage men in Alberta and finding common ground upon which they can both stand, to the general advantage of all concerned, is the objective of a conference that opened at the legislative buildings Wednesday morning and will continue until Thursday noon. It is* a round-table, get-together meeting for the purpose of threshing out the difficulties on both sides of the case and is made up of representatives from the Alberta Mortgage association, the legislature and the United Farmers. George McLach- lan, A. E. Claypool, W. TI. Shields and G. L. Stringham . are the M.L.A.'s in attendance; S. Sears, H. G. H. Schofield and George Bevington are the U.F.A. representatives, and W. A. Creighton, Wm. Toole, H. A. Howard and E. C. Pardee are from the mortgage interests. Mr. McLachlan is chairman. The opening session of the conference was not at all sensational, despite the reputed differences between the two parties chiefly involved. It was the general feeling that some better basis of understanding must be reached and that it is possible to do so, with great advantage to the entire province. Legislation Harts Alberta The mortgage men's view^s of the situation were presented first. These were to the effect that great harm is being done to the credit of Alberta by some of the existing legislation, the effect of which is to alarm and discourage outside capital. While there is abundance of money to be had in eastern Canada, the United States and England, it is exceedingly timid, according to the mortgage men, and will not come to this - province until present impediments are removed. H. A. Howard pointed out that the British investor is always surprised to find so many taxes in Alberta taking priority over mortgages. In many cases a large part of the value of farm lands is absorbed by these taxes and first charges. For example, one of the mortgage companies in December, last paid a* tax bill of $904 to protect a $1,000 mortgage, and in another_instance the taxes amounted to $1,976 on a quarter-section, included in this being seed grain and relief. Hail Insurance Especially Hail insurance is the worst offender, declared Mr. Howard. This particular item runs into thousands of dollars and is seriously handi • capping the loan business. Charges on the crops, of one kind and another, are piling up against the farmer, with tax enforcement proceedings following in consequence, and the result is that today the (Continued on Page Sixteen) CAPITAL AFRAID OF ALBERTA, SAY IMAGE IN (Continued from Page One) farmers are finding it impossible to borrow money. The difficulty of getting new money into the province, too, is one of the worst features of- the situation. The mortgage companies, said Mr. Howard, do not want to take the farmers' land and start proceedings in only the otherwise hopeless cases. The great majority of the loans are good and safe, but the situation as a, wiiole is being aggravated by the legislation now on the books. Mr. Toole emphasized the desire of the mortgage companies to reach a satisfactory understanding with the farming interests as to the legislation that is to be changed or retained. Too Much Suspicion From the farmers' side of the case* i Mr. Sears claimed that a good deal ; of the trouble is caused by too much j fear and suspicion on the part of I both the mortgagees and the mortgagors. There is a feeling on both sides that the other is not playing : fair, and until this is remedied there j cannot be the security and stability ; for either the farmer or the investor I that is desirable. W. A. Creighton, president of the mortgage association, pointed out that with this general opening up of the subject the way wTas clear for a, discussion of the individual acts and laws to which exception is being taken. Some legislation, it was understood, is to be brought down during the present session, and other reforms are hoped for next year. The Laws Complained Of Some ten different acts are on the list complained of by the mortgage men as working prejudicially to the investment interests of the province. Among these, as stated by R. D. Tighe, solicitor for the association, are the following: The crop payments act, under which the mortgagor is entitled to retain out of the whole crop a portion exempt from execution; the cooperative credit act, which gives priority to loans from cooperative credit societies; the municipal districts seed grain act, under which advances for seed from the munici- | pality take priority over all other fcmarges except threshers' liens; the hospital tax, which has had priority j rights restored to it after taking it away for four years; the wild lands tax, in connection with which it is claimed that foreclosed lands should not be liable; the agricultural pests and noxious weeds acts, both of I which give priority rights to charges j against lands; the workmen's com- pensation act, which affects mort- j gagees of land on which coal is being : mined, and the drainage districts act, I which also provides for priority over j existing encumbrances. j O o o o Reprinted from SATURDAY NIGHT of July 21st Hebridean Settlement TN VIEW of the fact that considerable publicity has been given to alleged dissatisfaction among the Hebrideans brought out to Canada during the present summer, and the impression widely exists that these people are still largely unsettled and are wandering in discontent over the west, and because such a conception if permitted to prevail is calculated to have a serious reflection upon further immigration and is, as it stands, an unwarranted reflection upon Canadian immigration authorities and the various organizations in Canada maintaining land settlements machinery, it is as well that the true facts of the case be known. All the Hebrideans who went to Alberta this summer in the expectation of securing farm homes are now satisfactorily and happily settled. The Rev. Father McDonell, who was responsible for conducting these people from their island homes, and the Soldier Settlement Board, which undertook their distribution and location, have issued a joint statement to the effect that, despite all reports to the contrary, a notable piece of work in Canadian land settlement has been achieved in this case. Approximately half have been settled on farms in the Calgary district and the other half in the Edmonton district. They are all entirely satisfied with their condition, are all hard at work, and view their prospects with such satisfaction that they are sending back to the old land for their families and other friends. The reports emanating from the west were such as to induce Dr. W. j. Black, Deputy Minister of the Department of Immigration and Colonization, to make a personal visit of inspection and his report fully substantiates the statement of Father McDonell and the Soldier Settlement Board. Whilst, however, he asserts, that the settlement of these people has been accomplished in a manner most eminently satisfactory to themselves and to the country, he suggests the probable reason of a certain degree of discontent on arrival which wras however speedily overcome by the able methods of those authorities effecting the settlement, who brought the Hebrideans to see that what was being done for them, whilst not exactly what they had expected, wras for their own and the general good. The Hebrideans are a clannish people of peculiar psychology. They hoped to be able to settle together and live a colony life. As many of them were without farming experience and had no money, this was an ambitious project. In their own best interests it was more desirable that they work for a time on farms to acquire tilt's farming experience and some capital, but in the main they were disinclined to do this. The government made effort towards such colony settlement in Central Alberta but this was found impracticable as inevitably a higher price must be paid for. land when much is purchased in a single block. A splendid piece of work was done in the actual settlement by the Soldier Settlement Board at Edmonton, which accomplished the placing of the various families in the most satisfactory manner possible under the circumstances. The forty families, whilst not* in colonies, have been settled as near each other as was found possible in the consideration of their future welfare and prosperity. They are all within touch of each other and have for most practical purposes, the social fruits of community life. Had they all been settled in one area they would not all individually have secured such excellent farming land, the good and bad naturally being equally included in a block purchase. This they have been brought to realize fully. From their arrival in Canada the Hebrideans have received the most excellent and exceptional treatment which may have resulted in a certain reaction. They have been comfortably housed and substantially fed in the period of waiting, a marked contrast to the circumstances under which the pioneers of a quarter of a century ago made their initial farming efforts, and indeed to the home conditions which many of these crofters left. They are all now established on farms which they wall ultimately own, purchasing them on the Soldier Settlement Board terms which extend over twenty years. When it is considered that this was a settlement work of peculiar difficulties, accentuated by the head-turning receptions and publicity received on every hand, a novel experience to the immigration authorities, and that the satisfactory establishment of all families was definitely concluded between the early days of May and the end of June, a period when there is no great volume of farm work, it must be readily agreed as in the statement of Father McDonell and the Soldier Settlement Board, that a notable settlement success has been achieved and that such depressing and discouraging statements as were prematurely circulated were almost entirely unwarranted. / o o CANADA IS NOT ONLY COUNTRY IN COMPLAINT Doleful Stories Being Sent Back from Australia by Immigrants LONDON, Feb., 5—(Canadian Press Cable)—Canada is not the only country from which doleful stories are being sent back to Great Britain by some immigrants, which stories conduct to advertising here of an uncomplimentary nature for the dominion. Stories with regard to immigration in Australia somewhat along the same lines as the stories from Canada are being circultated, and Sir Jos. Cook, Australian high commissioner in London, complains about it He/ stays that much of the information with regard to Australia which is being circulated here, while not actually inaccurate, is out of all proportion to the general facts. Sir Joseph says that when he has investigated the complaints of men who emigrated from Great Britain to Australia and have returned he has generally found that the men in question have s*pent only a few months in Australia and have not really tried out the country, but have imagined that emigration is a kind of joy ride. Last year 27,0ft<) emigrants went to Australia. p*r Joseph Cook stated, and he adds, "if a few self-confessed failures returned, was It to be wondered at, among so many who went out?'J Scottish Islanders Now Being Assembled jp or *& _TciOo; 11 j_ri€_$r€5 Large Number of Hebridean Islanders Will Leave Scotland in March and Will Be Settled in Various Portions of Northern Alberta That northern Alberta -Willi receive a highly desirable d_atss of hand (picked settler (from the Scot tish isfles was the word received dn the city yesterday from Faith er McDonnell, the originator of the movement. The latter (gentleman is now in the He-brides completing arrangements for the transfport of his parish! On oris to Alberta, and the first considerable shipment Of the island folk in 'Consequence lis scheduled to _.a_l for Canada early in March. FoUlowing the successful (manner in which the Heibrideans were settled in northern AWberta last y.ap word went forth all through the islands Of the land off ^promise, and the .March migration may Sbe looked upon ais merely a .preliminary to a regular exodus to Alberta from northern Scotland. Lisits of the men who aire Coming to Alberta, and their qu.al_f_k.atiomi have already reaiched here and the Department of 'IimmigratiiOn is taking adequate steps to see that this year's immigration is quite as Well handled as that of last season. O o WOULD ESTABLISH SENIOR DIVISION OF CIVIL SERVICE MONTREAL, Feb. 5—The establishment of a senior branch in the civil service of Canada, admission to which would be open only to men qualified in a very special manner, was urged by Sir Arthur Currie, principal of McGill University, in an address before the McGill Medical Society here last night. Sir Arthur claimed that such a branch would constitute a non- political staff in the highest sense of the phrase. Successful conduct of government would thus be insured, a consumation not to be otherwise expected. Problems that would be handled by the branch, would, he «aid, be those that were among the most pressing needs of Canada at the present time, namely, immigration, development of natural resources, and the meeting of the Dominion's deficits. BETTER TIMES IN NEAR FUTURE, SAYS STEWART Minister of Interior Predicts Revival of Agri- cul tural Prosperity OTTAWA, Feb., 6—(Canadian Press)—Though the condition of agriculture is not everything that might be desired, there is reasonable prospect of a revival in the near future that should reflect upon the entire commerce of this country, and work to the benefit indirectly of the business and professional men. This was the message Hon Charles Stewart, minister of the interior, in an address here today of the seventh annual .meeting of the .Dominjion. Land Surveyor's association. Mr Stewart s'poke of the tendency on the part of many peolpe to leave it to the government and leaders of the country to solve the problems, adding that'some of the most valuable suggestions came to the government from unexpected quarters. He urged that technically trained men should offer suggestions when possible to the government in matters of technical research in this country. J 200 FARMERS HERE IN ATTEMPT TO GET A RAILWAY OUTLET Appeal to Government to Take Up Long Delayed Construction of the Athabasca Valley Line—Arrive Here By Auto and Truck. OLD SETTLERS STILL FORTY MILES FROM ANY RAILWAY Claim Line Forty or Fifty Miles Long and Running from the Main Grade of the E_D. & B.C. Would Serve Their Purpose Driving a hundred miles by road in some instances, and in practically every case travelling direct to the city by auto and truck, over two hundred farmers from the near north are in the city to urge the government to commence construction on the long promised Athabasca Valley Railroad, for which the major portion of these men have waited patiently for eighteen years. Bepresentatives are here from the districts reaching northwest from the line of the E.D. I: B.C., which is at present the nearest railroad, but thirty, forty or fifty miles away. These old settlers—the men who transformed the Big Bush from a wilderness of brush into a beautiful farming country—announce that their patience is well nigh exhausted, as. they have waited eighteen years. —«$» The following districts were repre- Isented: Manola, Eastburg, Heaton Moor, Freedom, Barrhead, Naples, Bloomsbury, Mellowdale, Lunnford, Ca,rlton Hill, Neerlandia, Rossington, Paddle River, Roselea, Mosside, Stewartfield, and Lawton, but this enumeration scarcely conveys the size of the territory or the number of farms therein. In 190 5, "go north-west, young man, and grow up with the country," was the advice tendered the settlers, which in the main was followed, they declare. They went and stayed; they cleared the timber and the brush, built roads, churches and schools, and in pushing back the frontier and creating a very tangible asset for Canada they received but little encouragement or help from the government and their best efforts are defeated through lack of railway communication. Haul of 65 Miles. Over 1,200 families live in the territory mentioned, they state; some of the farmers haul their grain and stock to the railway. 65 miles away; some even fifteen to twenty miles beyond that. They have long since progressed from the homestead type of farmer; they have grain, cattle and other farm produce to market, but this productive country must practically stand still until a railroad pierces the terrain. A line 40 or 50 miles long from the main grade of the E. D. & B. C. would serve the purpose. The delegates from the north feel that they are entitled to consideration, and they likewise assert that work on the extensions of existing branch lines should be halted until such time as this territory receives its due reward of 18 years waiting. Ho Obstacles. Surveys aplenty have been put through the territory. There are no engineering obstacles except such as (Continued on Page Five) O o o o o o o POLICY FOR IMMIGRANTS ^ Bulletin, Robb Outlines Plan to Bring Old Country People Here. OTTAWA, Feh, 4. — (Canadian Press). — Policies which have just been adopted for the selection, transportation and colonization of British immigrants were outlined tonight by Hon. J. A. Robb, minister of immigration and colonization. They include an agreement of cooperation with the British government in contributing to the transportation expenses of selected immigrants by means of a loan in the case of adults, and of an outright grant in the case of children. Announcement is also made that a land settlement branch has been organized as the colonization arm of the department of immigration and colonization to ensure that new settlers will be directed to lands wher^ they can have the best opportunities of success, and to safeguard them from exploitation in the purchase price of farms which they buy. Will Enlarge Scope Provision is made for enlarging the scope of the nominated passage arrangement for the benefit of residents in Canada not personally acquainted with persons whom they wish to nominate. The agreement which has just been completed with the imperial government provides for financial assistance to three types of British immigrants, namely, children, nominated persons, and household workers. The amount of such assistance is limited, in the case of children who have not reached their seventeenth birthday, to a grant not exceeding their transportation to desination in Canada. To Get Loan. Assistance may be given to "nominated persons" in the form of a loan, repayable without interest, not exceeding the total cost of transportation at lowest third class rate from the port of embarkation in the United Kingdom to the rail destination in Canada. Similar assistance in the form of a loamis provided for household workers, with the additional provision that at the end of twelve months from the dats of arrival in Canada a refund of £5 shall be made to each female household worker who has remained for that period on a farm in Canada and who has meantime satisfactorily paid the instalments on her loan. How Nominated. Persons may be nominated for assistance under the nominated passage scheme by British subjects already resident in Canada, by the dominion government or any of its agents, or by any provincial government in Canada or its agents. Of particular importance is the fact that under the new arrangements persons in Canada wishing to nominate residents of Great Britain to receive assistance as provided under the agreement with the British government need not now be personally acquainted with the nominee. Nomination papers may be obtained from any dominion or provincial government agent and may be submitted to the manager of any chartered bank, ;who will forward them to officials of the department of immigration and colonization ait Ottawa who will 'arrange with re- , presentatives in Great Britain to select a suitable immigrant and f ill, his name as the nominee. AN IMMIGRATION PLAN IS READY New Agreement Made Between Canada and Great Britain OTTAWA, Feb. 3.—Details of the new immigration agreement which has been entered into by Great Britain and Cantada are to be announc ed within the next few days. The agreement apparently follows the Canadian proposal submitted to the ^rices. J V7 committees on overseas settlement of the imperial economic conference. \ It is believed that a scheme for the extension to ex-service men from other parts of the empire of the land settlement facilities of the Soldier Settlement act, is now under consideration. Pursued Htm. "How far do they trace their ancestry?" "The grandfather, a bank director, was traced as far as China; there all traces were lost." — London Opinion. To Single ^People. —— Loans made to single nie>tf and women are repayable in ouarteriy instalments and must be repaid within one year from landing in Canada. Loans made to married men will be repayable in semi-annual instalments and -must be completely repaid within three years of arrival in Canada. Only persons who have been approved by officials of the dominion government p.nd imperial government will be eligible for assistance, either by loan or grant. The cost of assistance will be borne equally by the dominion government and the imperial government, but each government will bear its own expenses in administering its share of the undertaking. "In addition to this agreement with the imperial government for selection and assistance of immigrants," said Mr. Robb, "we are providing for their reception and settlement in Canada along lines most likely to ensure their becoming successful Canadians." Land Branch "This will be accompDished by means of a land settlement branch of the department of immigration and colonization whose duty it would be to see that new settlers are directed to lands where they can have the best opportunitievs of success and to safeguard them from exploitation in the purchase price of i farms which they may buy. The | land settlement branch win be assisted, in each of its districts, by advisory settlement boards, .composed of outstanding mortgage and loan men, and agriculturists, who will pass on the suitability of land and ^^ fairnes of purchase price of all privately owned lands listed with the ^branch.- They will advise the departmental official on the distribution of settlement, that is, having regard to local problems, o-n ^^ number and type of settler which can be most readily assimilated in any particular locality. Through their influence and initiation it is hoped to start community welfare, asociations in those districts where new settlement is coming in in considerable numbers." Now Making Survey The new branch is already en- j gaged in a silrvey of farm employment opportunities, and will assist in providing farm employment and also household workers for service on the farms. The minister took 'Occasion to point out that apparently a misunderstanding had arisen out iof recent press reports concerning a preference of twenty per cent in immigration rates from Great Britain to Canada. "The impression appears to have got abroad," said Mr. Robb, "that the government is paying this twenty per cent. That is an entirely mistaken impression. After numerous conferences with the steamship companies my department was able to prevail upon them to grant a preferential rate as above stated, but without expense to the government." o |D. W. WARNER, M.P. HILLSIDE SPEAKER The meeting held under the aus-f pices of the TJ.F.A. local of Hillside, by D. W. Warner, M.P., on Saturday, evening was well attended. The opjj ening remarks of the speaker weref chiefly on the value of the farmers! j organizations, and the benefits derivf ed from them. He was sure that thi U.F.A. had quite a strong kick b4 hind it, more so than those that oppose it imagine. Blaming the government for their strong opposition t| the amendments put forward by th Progressives last session, to the ban' act, which he, the speaker, statei would have protected the depositors in the recent Home Bank failure, als< caused a most rigid examination b government auditors and inspector! of all banks operating in the domi: ion. He defended his attitude on th prohibition of oleomargarine in thi country, and his support of an aggrei sive immigration policy. Mr. Warn1 is also of the opinion plain that he will bring the matte, before the house, that he is in favoi of a thirty per cent reduction on thi clebt carried by the individual soidiei settler, basing his claim that tin burden they carry is too heavy foi them to bear and make good. In hi? closing remarks he pointed out thai the Progressives were in a much mori favorable position in the house thai last year and that they had grea| hopes of being able to force a redu< tion in the tariff which would be great benefit to the west. The meel ing then closed with a unanimous vot< of confidence in Mr. Warner. o o o o Slaughtering: Should Cease It was a startling statement which Mr. Craig, the deputy minister of agriculture, made to the Alberta Dairymen's Association with regard to the slaughtering of cattle under the tuberculin test. We know how great has been the waste in the killing off of suspected cattle and and what hardships it has caused. But Mr. Craig declared that many have been slaughtered quite unnecessarily and that the practice should be halted as post mortems had frequently shown no lesions. He ^eiit on to say that Denmark, Bel^- glum and many of the older countries with a long experience behind them do not use the T.B. test, but a clinical one only and that protection Is given to the public from tuberculosis in meat, not by the test but by meat inspection. The subject was brought up at the meeting of the Central Alberta breeders in Lacombe, where a resolution was passed asking the dominion government to hold a conference in the near future for the purpose oi trying to get a start made in acie* quate research work. Mr. Craig informed the dairymen that this conference was likely to be summoned within the next few months. The need for a complete scientific investigation as to the proper testing methods can hardly be disputed. With so much doubt existing as to the soundness of the policy that has hitherto been followed, there is, it is quite clear no warrant for adhering to it in the meanwhile. The slaughtering should be put a stop to at least until there is some degree of certainty that it is serving the object in view. o o 148,000,000 BUSHELS OF ALBERTA'S GRAIN XIQJP NOW MARKETED Over 120,755,000 Bushels Actually Shipped By End of Last Month; Steady Movement Over All Alberta Lines; Storage Figures Are Steadily Being Reduced e*^,.*^? .jmo'*^'- Ci .K. «_•.._' •»*..' ._._ * C.XV.R. *.© to » « »ea< E.D. & B.C. ._» A. & G.W. __- ..« Lacombe & N.W. Shipped to Jan. 31 Bush . 79,500,000 » 38,125,000 . ,2,005,500 . 500,766 624,585 Total ... ... «oo mm. ... 120,755,851 Official estimate of Alberta Wheat yield In store at Jan. 31 Bush. 18,0.00,000 0,524,000 404,000 42,100 134,490 Total marketed Bush. 97,500,000 47,649,000 2,409,500 542.866 750*075 s.9,104,590 148,860,441 .____._ 167,265,084 bushels J o o o FARMERS WANT NEW VALUATIO OF S.S. B. LOANS Journal. 18/1/84• Claim Soldiers Bought Land and Stock When Prices Were at Peak Drastic reductions in the amount's owing by soldier settlers to the settlement board were approved of by the United Farmers' convention on Friday. A resolution was submitted by returned men who were delegates to the convention and if. carried into effect will involve a big slash in the debts owing by these settlers. The resolution passed was as follows: "We, the members of the U. F. A. in convention assembled this seventeenth day of January, 1924, endorse the following resolution: Owing to the high prices paid by soldier settlers for land, stock and equipment and the great decrease in values, we earnestly recommend the following reductions from the amounts owing by settlers to the soldier settlement board: Band, 25 per cent; stock, 65 per cent; equipment, 10 per cent, to take- effect on stock bought previous to and including 1921 and on land and equipment bought previous to and including 1922, and that we strongly recommend the strictest economy in the administration of soldier settler affairs.: This resolution has been submitted by soldier settlers who are delegates to this convention." A resolution submitted by F. W. Smith and proposing to make the reduction 50 par cent., was defeated. After dealing with the original resolution, the 'delegates adopted "a motion favoring a continuation of the bonus to amputation cases. CONFERENCE OF S.S.B. HEADS IS STAGED HERE Superintendents from All Districts Are in Session at tlie Macdonald Hotel Soldier Settlement Board superintendents from all over the west are at present in Edmonton and are holding a series of conferences at the Macdonald hotel under the chairmanship of Major John Barnett oif Ottawa. In addition, W. M. Jones, director of administration is also present at the meetings. There are eleven superintendents present and it is expected that the conference will be completed Saturday afternoon, with a visit to Major H. Gordon's residence, where the local superintendent has been confined for the (past week suffering from a bad attack of pleurisy. Major Barnett is a former Calgary man and was promoted to the chairmanship of the board upon the resignation of W. J. Black. Interviewed hy newspapermen, Major Barnett stated that "The broadening of the board 1s coming up for consideration; the work has been greatly enlarged to include the supervision of immigrants generally in the country and this means a much widened range of activity (for each branch. The new work is now being lined up and new problems arising, are being discussed." o o o o o modern type. It is said to be the first in Canada in which an "air- veyor" is used, the grain being sucked up from the cars through a flexible pipe leading to a receiving tank, from which it drops to automatic self- registering scales. The development is in the nature of an experiment and it is hoped In Victoria that on the strength of it the C.N.R. can be induced to establish extensive terminal facilities at Ogden Point. Journal.—8/-1/S4. The American quota system must affect the Canadian immigration situation greatly now that active measures are being taken once more to induce settlement here. The fiscal year of the United States runs from July 1st and it is announced when half of it had elapsed at the beginning of January the quotas of twenty-nine out of the forty-one countries to which the system applies had been filled. Those from which immigrants will be barred till July include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Danzig, Finland, Fiume, Great Brit- j ain, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Luxem- j burgj the Netherlands, Poland, Por- j tugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, ! Switzerland, Australia and New: Zealand. In these fields Canadian agents, not having the rival appeal of the United States to contend with' during the next six months, should find their task much easier on that account. AUSTRALIA WILL PuuTJ&__ffn.ERs MELBOURNE, Australia, Jan. 9. -r-(Canadian Press Cable, via Reuters).——A conference*eri immigration has resulted in a recommendation to commonwealth and state governments in cases where the number of immigrants warrant such action, to establish farm training depots, the cost of which should be borne equally by the federal government and the sta,te government concerned. BOYD APPOINTMENT OFFICIAL^ MADE Bulletin^lQxV^- MONTREAL, Jan. 9.—The appointment of L. B. Boyd, formerly of the Canadian Soldiers' Settlement board and a native of Edmonton, as superintendent of land and colonization in the United States is an- , nomieed by W. D. Robb, vice-presi- Sent in charge of lands, colonization and development of the Canadian National railways. vr«tinr.nl Hitherto the Canadian National railways have maintained an ofnce £ Chfcaco for the colomzauon of farm lands in Canada. ™s °^c,e £ abolished and a new one opened at St PauL which is closer to and m more direct connection with these sections of the United States from which prospective settlers are to be expected generally. _'---+.___ Mr Bovd will come under the iurisdiction of E. A. Field, land com- missioner of the National railways n Winnipeg. The. office at Seattle will be under Mr. Boyd's supervision. PAVING WAY TO BRING GERMAN | FARMERS HERE Bull eti-m—10/1/24. Managers of Extensive German Immigration Society Pleased with Tlxis Locality Securing information -as to the opportunities for immigrants Dr. Preu_.se iSperber, manager of the association of German I/mmigrants, and Wilhe'lm Kelger, both of Ham- iburg, Germany were in Edmonton yesterday and consulted with local authorities yesterday. The Association of German Immigrants is an organisation wibch undertake® to (give reliable information to people in Germany who want to emmigrate and to help them reach the land to which they want to go. Accompanying them are John Schretlen of the Canadian National -colonization department and Henry Mohr representing the Cunara line. Dr. i^peiiber .states (that he has found condition very excellent for immigration and that If the 'plans of the association are approved by Canadian authorities there «should he a .consideraible number of Ger- raam farmers come to Canada. Great care is taken, he states, to send the right kind of settlers—■ men who will make good under new conditions. They are endeavoring (by emigration to relieve the present conditions in Germany. A 'large proportion of the land formerly used for agriculture in (Germany is not available for that .purpose with the result that huge q.uantitie_. of food stuffs have to be imported at great •cost. People who wish to leave Germany are admitted to the association, (hut they must be members for mix months .before they are allowed to leave. [During that iperiod they are ©ujpplied with complete inifor*-" mat!or_ and it is explained to them that the new imove will cause hard- ..hiips and .disappointments which must 'be met and overcome. v o o o S.S.B. SCHEME OF OLONIZATION ,N FULL SWING Edmonton Office Receiving Applications from Farmers in tie North In preparation for the reception of many thousands of United Kingdom workers in the spring the Edmonton branch of the Soldtter Settlement Board is actively engaged in working on the plans laid down by | the Minister of .Immigration, and though the campaign commenced but two days before the Christmas holidays already a large number of farmers circularized have instanced their interest by sending in requisitions' for next year's farm help. Making; Canvass \ At present a canvass is being ' made of the possible help requirements of every farmer north of Red peer. This plan is outlined on the successful scheme which was used in the placing of the British harvest ters and appears to be working equally well, and from the dividing line between the Edmonton and Cal- i gary areas to the Peace River coun- ' try farmers are filling in and mailing the desired information. This is extensive and includes the following information:—Location of farm, shipping point, size of farm With area under cultivation, main crops and class of farming carried on. Number of workers usually employed housing accommodation for farm help (married and single,) number of helpers required with character of the work expected and the degree of farm experience necessary. Then cornes (the term of employment and the ■ nationality preferred. Are Checked Pack These particulars are given by the farmer, but they are checked up by the S.S.B. field supervisor, and on the back of the sheet after the farmer has stated his case the character of the district, nationality,' churches and other inconvenience are given. As well the suitability of the farm for immigrant help is gone into fully and in general the field supervisor ! covers the ground thoroughly in the I interests of the immigrant. On the files in the S.S.B. office it is illustrated; that the lowest wage gofferecT-for inexperienced help is $2^ per month and board, while $50 and board appears to be the maximum. The average wage for married couples with board and residence Is $65 per month while in between are offers for single men averaging between $30 and $35 per month with board. P^ans have been made for the selection of the immigrants in the Old Country, their transportation to Canada, and their placing on suitable farms. From an inspection of the scheme evolved It is apparent that the new idea of immigration is logical and carefully thought out and should result in material bene- bit to both the country and the British emigrant. U.K. HARVESTERS AND ARTILLERYMEN ARE MAKING GOOD British Artillerymen sent north by the JBoldiler jSettlement (Btoardv #o work as four horse teamsters for the fisheries companies have made good On the ninety mile haul from Buffalo lake to Cheecham siding on the A. &. G, W. railway a considerable number of the British .harvesters, who previously served in the Artillery during the war are handling "four ups." That they are doing so to the satisfaction of their employers is instapnced by the fact that the S.iS-B. here is still receiving orders for yet more teamsters of the same calibre letters stating that the men who rode the gun teams into action have demonstrated that the thorough drilling in horsemanship learned in the army is appreciated! in Alberta. In placing the men the S.S.B. took care to see that they were not round pegs in square holes; the men who understand horses were sent to the sleigh haul, the Hebridean fishermen to the fishing, men who had before worked on farms to the same employment here., while those who had no experience in trades applicable to Canada were found work in the woods. At the local S.S.B. headquarters the officials possess a stack of letters from Old Countrymen who have been placed in employment with which they are well satisfied and quite a, number of these men are now preparing to sfend to the United Kingdom for their families, in addition to which they have regularly been forwarding money overseas for their upkeep. Several of the British harvesters have bought land from the SoMier Settlement Board, making the initial payment out of the money saved from wages, and though a few "wasters" may have drifted back to the British islands it is apparent that in the main Canada has secured a desirable clasfg of settler. o c o Edmonton's Success Placing Old Land Settlers Results in Mew Scheme Immigration Soldier Settlement Board Will Handle Large Numbers cf British! Settlers from Ocean Port to Farm Next Spring—First Announcement of ISfew Policy Detailed Here ^. o Directly as a result of the successful manner in which the Edmonton branch of the Soldier Settlement Board arranged both the vexed questions of the Hebridean settlers and the British harvesters an enlarged system of immigration from the old country is to take place next spring, when farm hands from the United Kingdom will be brought here under the eagls of the S.S.B. and placed on farms throughout the 'Dominion. A Start Made Yesterday instructions were received from the Minister of Immigration and Colonization by the local branch of the S.S.B. to-at-j^wee-p*^ ceed "with a survey of the farm jobs which will be open next spring. Today already some thousand circulars are in the mails addressed to farmers and inviting them to advise) the board of their requirements/ Having already a list of some three thousand farmers which was compiled for the placing'of the British harvesters an immediate start could be made, but this is not being relied upon, and the field supervisors throughout this area will proceed immediately with compiling a list, of prospective jobs for the Britishers A new department—the. Land Settlement board—has been established •as part of the S.S.B., and it is expected that this section will be responsible for greatly enlarged immigration schemes in the near future. From the data received here Xt is apparent that the Minister of Im migration anticipates a large influx of British settlers, and plans for ths 'proper handling of the men have been evolved. In contrast to the hap-hazard immigration systems of the past, in the present instance nothing is being left to chance, and the scheme is apparently moulded very much on the methods employed hy the Edmonton branch of the S.S.B. in handling the Hebrideans and the harvesters. The success which attended the board's efforts in both these directions was quoted freely in the British press; the matter was brought up in the House of Commons also and as a result of the work done by the Edmonton S.S.B. office Canada avoided the acquisition of a noticeable "black eye." Selecting Immigrants In the old country a careful selection of the intending immigrants will be made, and once they arrive at Canadian ports and until they are placed with the farmer employing them they will be in the care of the S.P.B. Data regarding the arrival of the men on the various ships will be kept and as each party arrives they will be sent forward, while as well a S.S.B. official will travel with the party on the tialn and tabulate a rough estimate as to the capacity of each man. The other end of the matter Is also receiving attention, and it is the duty of the S.S.B. field supervisors to report on the general reputation of the farmer, while particulars as to the housing offered the men will be supplied, as well as details regarding nationality and so on. The scheme as outlined will be in operation from coast, to coast and it is apparent that the new Land Settlement branch will have a sizeable job to take care of. If one were enabled to read the handwriting upon, the Wall thia ~is the thin end. of the immigration wedge for which Canada has been looking so lon^r, while the fact that in the main it is due to the record put up by an Edmonton organization should be of particular interest to readers of The Bulletin. M th to hi J. "1 m th of u_ lo pr of th th a 1st th al] Ge THE EDKO-JTO-T JOURNAL, MARCH 1?, 1924. SOLDIERS ARE GOOD FARMERS, RECORDS SHOW Are Surpassing Civilians in Agricultural Success Achieved c O Interesting sidelights on soldier j settlement activities in Canada were j given by Major Gordon, local super- • intendent, of the Soldier Settlement \board, in an address before members I of the Kiwanis club on Monday. That ihe ex-soldier located on the land as making good progress, and that prospects for his continued success look bright, was the speaker's confident opinion. The holdings of soldier settlers in (panada, if concentrated, would cover an area three miles wide and three thousand miles long. Over $98,000,- O00 has been jioaned by the Soldier Settlement board during its operation, Major Gordon stated. Some $83,000,000 has been disbursed west o)f the Great Lakes. The board, he went on to gay, is mot under the necessity of explaining the loss of a single dollar of public funds. The land holdings of soldier settlers, the efforts of the settlers themselves, in almost every case ibave been increased in value. The soldier settler, Major Gordon declared, is in a position more favorable than that of his civilian neighbor. Of the 7,000 soldier settlers in lAlberta, nearly all paid their taxes in full in 1922. Many examples of the indomitable courage and anfailing Confidence of the soldier on the land, and his fortitude during trying times were given. Opposes Revaluation \ Proposals for re-valuation of soldier property were opposed by Major Gordon. It was unfair, he thought— in this way to saddle an added bur-' den on the tax payer. In speaking of the new immigration activities of the S.S.B., Major Gordon said cooperation of govern-, ment officials, clubs, boards of trade and citizens generally was needed. An earnest endeavor will be* made to place immigrants on suitable land throughout the province. The speaker was introduced by Ki- wanian Dean Kerr, chairman of the club's immigration committee. Winners of the two main prizes in the J-iwani.. bird-house building contest were present at the iuncheon. Introduced by Kiwanian H. .Milton Martin, Queena EJsdiale, winner of the grand prize for glrlss, and Cheate? Lambertson, winner of the boys' grand prize, were given hearty congratulation® by the members. Kiwanian Thomas Hughes, secretary of the committee in charge of the contest, was sincerely thankeu for his untiring efforts in the interests of this event. The two winning bird-houses were on exhibit in the luncheon room and evoked warm admiration. New Members Welcomed Four new members were welcomed into the ranks of the club. Leslie Gilbert, manager of the local branch of Bradstreet'igi, waa introduced by W. F. Stewart; Wilmer M. Faw'cett, manager Of the United Typewriter company, by Roy Henry; James Carmlchael, Standard. Trusts, Ltd., by John Walktn- shaw, and Elmo Bssery by Ed. Mahar. They were officially welcomed by Ki- wapian Frank Pike. That the club will entertain officials of the Edmonton Spring Show at Its regular luncheon meeting of March 31 was the announceme.it made. An endeavor is being made to secure Sir Martin Harvey as speaker of the day. THE FARM &.. BXNCH REVIEW, ^C CALGARY. ___ March 10, 1924. WAR VETERANS MAKE PROGRESS The close of 1923 found a large proportion of the war veterans who took up land, under the government's scheme of financial aid making good progress. Figures' given out by Major John Barnett,. chairman of the Land Settlement Board,, show that 23,508 returned men have received assistance by way of loans and 6,344 others have gone on free lands without loans, a total of 29,852. Others who* have been accepted by the board as qualified number 24,199. More than 4,000 men have been trained on farms under the supervision of the field staff and there are still 206 receiving training. Loans disbursed to settlers amount to $98,433,991. Settlers made initial payments on their land amounting to $5,819,464, and in addition have repaid interest and principal amounting to $11,654,060. Six hundred and fifty-nine have repaid loans in full. EDJ_0NT0_I JOURNAL - AUGUST l6th, 1923. S. B. SETTLERS HOPE 10 HARVEST SPLENDID CROPS Nearly 90 Per Cent. Former Soldiers In North Al berta Doing Well After four years of failure or near failure returned soldiers working prirms in northern Alberta under the S.S.B. are on the verge of reaping the results of their stiek-to-itiveness. in an interview with the Journal on Tuesday morning Superintendent Gordon of the S.S.B. stated that from KB. to 90 per cent of the men working under his department have excellent orops and. provided, their is a good price for the; grain, men who have been hanging on by the skin of their teeth through the hard years will this fall be able to stick their hands in their trouser pockets and feel comfortable little bank-rolls. This spring the government gave ud the practice of giving seed loans akd things looked bad for many of the soldier settlers. The department of S.S.B.. however, took a chance on there being a good year and advanced their men seed grain to the limit. Subsequent events have proven that it was a very wise policy. in many cases men who would have had to give up their farms, had the seed not been forthcoming, will be able to clean up considerable of the accounts against their land and implements provided disaster does not descend on the fields in the short period that now remains before the harvest is in full swing. Some have suffered from hail, in some cases there being no insurance unfortunately, but on the whole the outlook is most promising. Already reports have commenced to come in j announcing that the binders have j been at work on different farms. In ' the north country the prospects are especially pleasing, a fine yield being , looked for. j During the drop in the price of j cattle last year the majority of the ; S S.B. men found it necessary to get \ rid of their scrub cattle. Now, how- ever, they are re-stocking their > farms and in the majority of cases grade cows are being bought. Pig raising is also being taken up seriously in many cases, the general tendency of the settlers being towards mixed farming. Mr. Gordon says that practically all of the returned men are keen for the formation of the wheat pool. THE EDMONTON JOURNAL, APRIL 14, 1924, %3 Land Settlement Branch: Moved Fast With 150 Settlers Every family in the group of 150 ,; Hebrideans who reached the city j by special train on Friday evening , If&Jf-now been, placed on a farm in I central Alberta. By noon Saturday, the land settlement branch had | succeeded *in establishing in a, posi- i tion of employment every employ- ! able member of the party, and only 1 the departure of trains to the various points delayed the final distribution. All the Hebrideans have now left I the city for their future homes, and only one small group of Irish settlers, who came along with the Hebridean party, are still in Edmonton/ They will be going out on Monday night. Settlers have been distributed to farms near Ardrossan, Killam, St. Albert, Wetaskiwin, Camrose, Clyde and Vermilion. Five families have been placed on the farms near St. Albert where five acre plots and a cotiage were provided for their own use, while two families have gone on i similar farms near Camrose and one I to a farm under this plan near the i city of Wetaskiwin. I The field representatives of the i land settlement branch had been j busily at work from the moment of j the arrival of the Hebrideans, and ! when the new settlers reached their j homes they found stoves up, posi- j tions of employment awaiting*, and j a real welcome extended. | A number of the immigrants ! were placed with farmers who gave ! them the use of a cottage, to- ! gether with a cow, a, few hens j and a few hogs, in addition to a salary for man and wife of between $800 and $600 a year. Some of the settlers were placed on S.S.B. farms, and secured employment op farms in the neighborhood. None : will be encouraged to buy' until ; they have had a year's experience. r< n .THE WESTER__ER, EDk01_T0_I, Qct.lSth. 1Q2^. _STERNER CONOMICS — CITIZENSHIP riculture and its Allied Interests MONTON,iCANADA Dial War ps, may, ost office lgements the tax COAL RIO Dealers imber as reach- l dealers circular- oal, f.o.b. mber de- ton, and lay down posits of hat there at the $7' has been e already lay down )ntario at be view- . Charles day. definitely 1 in your have not _ Western ociation," for the ten shown its could 5 coal at ght rate," >F NEW i western stablished / the last igan and in Pacific completed engineer g, reports his crew, itish har- ■ steel has ches Mel- being en- esentative Settlement ty review- establish- itish har- rON,yCANi ay, / -^™» ice* $2.00 a Year DER IMPERIAL VETERANS HERE TO PLACE HALF MILLION OF BRITISHERS IN THE WEST K Canada Has Been Selected for the Establishment of Millions of ex- Service Men—Major J. E. Speranza Is In Edmonton to Further the Scheme What is probably one of the largest emigration schemes ever planned and one in which common sense is combined with vision is now being discussed here with various government officials with reference to the setting of large numbers of Imperial ex-service men in Canada. Major J. E. Speranza, of the Imperial Veterans' Association, is a visitor in Edmonton, and in an interview illustrated that the present scheme is well thought out and original in many respects. The visitor comes here sponsored by • Rudyard Kipling, Admiral Beatty, the Duke of Bedford and other prominent men in the United Kingdom. Canada in preference to the other dominions has been selected as the site for the launching of the program, and if arrangements can be made with the Canadian government to co-operate with the British authorities some millions of men from the United Kingdom will be brought here. Half Million Members The veterans' association in the old country has a membership of over half a million men, besides which it is affiliated with numerous other ex-service men's organizations in the mother country, being connected also with the Army and Navy Veterans Association in Canada. All told there are seven million veterans in the United Kingdom, and a large proportion of this number would emigrate to Canada if the path was cleared for them. "In ten years we could double the population of Canada," said Major Speranza, "but let it be clearly understood that we have no intention of dumping thousands of men into the dominion and letting them shift for themselves. From what I have learned while touring Canada, the immigration plans previously in vogue have not been altogether successful, but I have been struck with the system practiced by your Soldier Settlement board, and if some plan along this line could be adopted I have no reason to doubt but that you could assimiliate all the British settlers we could send you." Quite frankly, Major Speranza stat ed that he was by no means impressed with the present immigration systems in being here; so far as he could see they all conflicted and were not functioning as they should, while also he has no great regard for the efforts of the various provincial agents in the United Kingdom to attract immigrants. It is his contention that this competitive system is unsound and it is bewildering to the would-be Canadian to learn on one hand that Alberta is the peer of all provinces and then to be told by another provincial agent that this province emphatically takes a back seat compared with Quebec, and vice versa. "There appears to be no co-operation or cohesion in your efforts in Canada," said the visitor, "but we hope that this may be altered and that the British and Canadian governments will together arrive at a common understanding." No Milk and Honey In placing the British soldiers here, Major Speranza states that no effort will be spared to let them see that this is not a land of free gold; the hardships will be explained to them in detail, and they will be made to understand that to achieve success they will have to work excessively hard, but that it is possible to make a decent living for themselves and their families if they do so. Beyond that nothing is promised. The men will be passed on by a selection committee in the old country and after arrival in Canada if they have not made good at the end of twelve months they will be sent back again; Major Speranza recognizes that agriculture is the basis on which all success depends; most of the men are not farmers and will have to be taught, but in the plans outlined this and other contingencies are taken care of in a common sense manner. In England the visitor farms about two thousand acres and he is aghast at the "soil robbing" which is going on here and claims that with the introduction of new settlers factories for the manufacture of artificial manure should be erected at the same time. "The soil in Canada cries aloud in agony," said Major Speranza. "You have a really magnificent country here, but unless you go in for mixed farming and cry halt to the present procedure, in a few years your dominion will resemble the northern United States, whose soil is played out and which will grow little but quack grass and thistles." From his agricutural record it is plain that the visitor knows what he is talking about and is not in the least backward in committing himself. U. K. Will Co-operate The people in the old country are anxious to assist in getting the ex- (OVEH) EDJ-OBTON BULLETIN, October 2_rd8 192., 0 Hunting The Harvesters British Harvesters Being Sought for to Accept 4,300 Jobs in Alberta In a, statement f*om Ottawa issued by the Hon. J A. Robb, minister of Immigration it -is shown that during the recent campaign to provide work for the British harvesters that. 4,300 positions were found for them in Alberta within the space of two weeks—and applications are still coming in. In fact it was found necessary to wire to ths various field supervisors of the 8. S. B., telling them to ''cease fire"! I Wages for the winter season range from ten to thirty five dollars vec ionth with board, while for a man and wife from forty to sixty dollars and board is offered. Work in the lumberwoods is preferred at the rate of four dollars per day with one dollar deducted for board, winter fishing on the northern lakes offering jobs ■ from thirty five io fifty dollars per month. Mining and other avocations also provide additional avenues of employment. Mr. Robb's department state that the majority of the men are now engaged in threshing and other transient work, and an appeal is made to the people of Alberta to notify the stranger^ _n their midst as where the men can obtain some of the vacant _.ositions. In Alberta the S. 0. _?., has thirty eight field agents scattered throughout the small towns in Alberta, and every field aj'ent has a list of the vacant positions in his possession and will be glad to tender his assistance to the harvesters in getting them suitable work- As well every railroad station carries a full list of the jobs open in its territory, with all particulars, while the head offices of the S. S. B. in Edmonton and Calgary and the federal employment services have complete lists which can be referred to by those interested. The problem now is to finding of positions for the overseas men who ( require winter work as a prepara- j tory step of becoming new Canadians; it has revolved into a hunt to locate the harvesters to fill the jobs and to that end the co-operation oh A.berta__s generally Is sought so that > these new comers to Canada can J reap the benefits of the work which j the Department of Immigration ha.-, found for them. I O ' \ "THE EDMONIOH BULLETIN, MARCH 18, 1924. (~ D u SOLDIERS ARE FARMING BIG BODY OF LAND Kiwanians Told of Progress of Those Under Soldier Settlement Board Four new members were introduced and the boy and girl winners ot the bird-house contest were guests ot honor at the Kiwanis IClub luncheon- yesterday. Major I.Gordon, "that they may be con- : Board was the speaker on the wor-k of the board and he was introduced by Dean Kerr, who made a few remarks about the new task of that board in looking after new immigrants to Canada. Three Mile Strl-' ;?i_>Ek?a:«. s€rp:-.-ffiuS«„"S Almost one hundred^ minion dollars had been invested, in Can nfla and 30,000 soldier S3t.4ers pu?'on the land- He declared He ncj«prted that this is a good recoia »d" in. t™it.« »»«„■m; ™t.« <_ ..wi.j ~n;« "sp4. __._: _M' aoiSfoP. «>• «_»* «ra=Tn_s to& :§._HF^un,rS' ___r.SiBr«,.H= turned soldiers ^anya^°;fWtheS took losses m businesses of their own on returning to civil life. Case of Five BroTfiers Major Gordon cited incidents of how many of the soldier settlers were making good in spite of dif- culties. "There was the case of five brothers, dried c ut in 1921, Jheir crop frozen out in 192 2, and hailed out in 192 3, yet they were at work this winter to get money to carry on next season, and they would win ." The Major told of one settler who lived in the Pouce Coupe district, many miles from market and reported that he had been unable to sell his flock of thirty-eight turkeys taken out to Spirit River for over five cents per pound, so he turned them loose. "Yet the same man drove a herd of steers to the railway, and in the city here they topped the market; He was able to pay some principal besides interest on his loan." "The wail of the few failures and the "crepe hangers" is unfortunately loudly heard," declared Major Gordon.. He had remembered reading a letter of complaint by one \ failure which appeared in the press. "That particular man had mixed prunes, raisins and hops in with his mixed farming, and with 'he fines he was called on to pay |in court, he was unable to carry on. Not because of anything the board did, but because of his own fault." The Major concluded with a few remarks upon the new work with immigrants such as was d^ne last season with those frcm the Hebrides. New Members Presented. New members were presented and a short outline of their career, given in each case. Leslie Gilbert, manager of Bradstreets, born in Ireland, came to Calgary some time before the war, in which he saw three years' service, was introduced as the local manager of "Who's Who." Wilmer H. Fawcett, manager of the United Typewriter Company, was born in Wawanessa, Manitoba, and was a charter member of the Lions Club in Winnipeg. A former member of the same club also was James Carmichael, born in Scotland, for six years saw service as a flyer, with the Standard Trust Company. "As he is single he will join the cross-benches with Fred Cross," remarked a member at the front. Elmer Essery, born in Lucan, Ontario, manager of Essery Limited, men's furnishings, was the fourth member to be heartily welcomed by President Reed and the members. Chester Lambertson and Queen ie Esdale were presented to the clut? as winners of t._e two best bird- houses among the 328 shown at the contest. * Form No. 504 $ifr-*ttt!*me*f a. Cattaiia* "In Replying Please Quote File No. E_-«\ ,iV»n J. v>vn«. . 'iSi3_J______ KITSCOTY RESIDENTS LEAD WAY IN WELCOME TO BRITISH SETTLERS Mayor of Town and His Wife Fit Out Rooms at Their Own Expense to House New Arrivals- Women's Institute Also Gives Assistance Reports of the hearty welcomes that are being given in the different sections of the: Edmonton district to the new settlers arriving here under the empire settlement scheme are being received daily at the offices of the Soldiers' Settlement board under -whose direction the newcomers are being placed. When the families .arrive they are greeted by the neighbors who have the houses in readiness, the kettles boiling on the stoves and everything in the best possible shape to make the new arrivals, feel i-t home. People in all parts of tjhe district have shown the ^heartiest cooperation with the Soldiers-' Settlement board to. see that" 'the first impressions are of the most favorable .kind-'. Among the leaders in this line of work are the mayor of Kitseoty and his hospitable wife, Mr. and Mrs. J. Jenkins. A report in the hands of the superintendent, Major H. Gordon, from the chief field supervisor, A, L. Brick, reveals the extent, to which the people of this town have gone to give the heartiest welcome to the new Albertans. Mr. Jenkins - in: ^addition to being mayor of the. town is also one of the- storekeepers there. He has loaned two- good rooms in the upstairs part of his store for accommodation and : Mrs. Jenkins has furnished them, with a double bed, single bed, a davenport couch which will accommodate two -persons, cook stove and all necessary, cooking utensils, dining table and chairs and a good supply of dishes, ap dining table and chairs for small children, also carpets and rugs on the floor, in fact it is a real cozy two room suite.p p The Women's Institute have put in a supply ot provisions for the use of incoming settlers and the people of the town have surely given whole -hearted cooperation to the work, says Mr.. Brick. The night Mr. 'Taylor a:nd his family arrived there were at least six of the residents -at ;the station to meet them. EDMONTON JOURNAL, RALSTON REP0RL___ IS DISCUS. EDS go to_can^ "" EDMONTON M.1 Edmonton Members Tc' Its Reception In Hon1 of Commons The recent findings of the Ri Royal Commission On pensions discussed very fully last night a gathering of some hundred fifty returned soldiers by the members of parliament for the monton ridings. These parlian] tarians were present in the h when the findings ofi the commis; "were placed before it and were to deal with the subject in a clear and able manner. B. W. Warner, member for Stra cona, was the first speaker of 1 evening and dealt very largely wi the position of the soldiers who h been re-established on the land. Di! to a fall in real estate values the? men had been paying interest whic1 was a much larger per cent of th value of the land than it liadheei when they received it. Mr. Warnei! said that he had always taken the] stand that there should be a reval ation of soldiers' homesteads, but that since he had gone to parliament he had seen the enormous expense that this would entail and had become reconciled to the plan that back interest for two, three or four years should be cancelled. Even this scheme, however, would not help everybody because some men had got so. far behind and were in such bad shape that even a cancellation of Interest would not help them. Limit to Demands Mr. Warner stated that the findings of the Ralston commission were very well received by the house and quoted from the sessional reports to substantiate this assertion. Jle pointed out that there was a limit, nevertheless, to what the country coti d do for the returned men no matter how great its, obligation is towards them and they must be reasonable in their demands from, the government. The administration of the pension board was criticized severely by the speaker, he being especially wrath v about the large sums required to carry on the business of the board. Of the total sum spent on soldiers' pensions 88 per cent was spent on the salaries Of the administrative staff and 22 per cent on the administration. This, he claimed, was large out of all proportion. In bringing his speech to a close Mr. Warner stated that he shared in the universal feeling that the disabled solders are the country's most sacred trust and that all returned men should be given a square deal. >o ill remain the chi!- ^rs Not <iven lats ITS FOR THIS WEEK TOTALLED 154 Splendid Body of Settlers Has Arrived for Edmonton District p T!wo, large -parties of single young men from Great Britain and Ireland arrived at the Immigration hall oh 101st street on Friday and Saturday to help to swell the week's arrivals to the large total of 154. In addition to these splendid young settlers, and the large party of Ukrainians that 'arrived on Thursday, three British families were accommodated at the hall after being brought out under the Empire Settlement scheme. Altogether during the month of April 353 newcomers have : been given accommodation pending ■ distribution to farms in the northern part of the province. On Friday a large British family headed by David Garton, and consisting of himself, his wife and seven children arrived at the same time as' a number of young men from the north of Ireland. All these people sailed on the Megantic. On Saturday an Irish family named Hogarth arrived having crossed the water;ehy the Steamship Montreal, the same ship as the thirteen young _5h%lishmeh traveled ort. These latter were a fine sturdy class of men, mostly from Yorkshire and all had farming experience. They were brought out by the Land Settlement board under the scheme for bulk nomination of British farm workers, and they, with the Irish, were being sent out to jobs on Saturday morning. Major H. Gordon, of the Land Settlement board, who has charge of the disposal of settlers arriving under, government, schemes, said that work is waiting for all and that the. families, have also been placed. One. family is being detained at the hall for a few days as some of the children are suffering from the effects of the long journey. The big lot of Ukrainian men farm workers who arrived during the wTeek have also been disposed of, says Major Gordon. Will I TJn| I tree-r j dian Pear" | 4, re. | Arran i inspe _ I dren | illustr? jthe g ! The | car tc advis' j planti serva ' in cl be gr who In visits defin McK i ma.de muni even meet the € neau Ci the are as trees No * he re tree consi< try t make Co STOLEN SEDAN IS NOT YET RECOVERED A seven-passenger McLaughlin sedan, stolen from the rear of the American Taxi Co. office on 97th street last Thursday night is still missing and the police are making a thorougn search of the city gar- ^"s and other possible hiding >s for the missing taxi. It 3 the license L63 and was NE Aio will tag con pro nun crec solo Clifi GAV GF Gra«( who a Univer last rr versi papf trah' d. ;• was tion S. fc f HEBRIDEANS WELL SETTLED CROPS DOING SPLENDIDLY jJust Arrived From Alberta, Rev. f Father Andrew MacDonnell Tells of I rr. migrants' Prosperity. At the King Edward Hotel, fresh from Alberta, is Rev. Father MacDonnell, of Red Deer, and his report on the conditions of the Hebridean j settlers whom he conducted there in | the spring is thoroughly good. They j are not only happy, contented, and in a fair way to prosper exceedingly, but they are already urging.that re- •, latives and friend's should be'told 1 without delay to come out and see how good a land is Canada for those who are' w-iiling to work with a will. Father MacDonnell is him self* overjoyed at the' good fortune which has enabled these settlers foi* the'most, part to locate on already improyed farms with crops ripening t0 rich; harvests. j "They are far ahead already/* he says, "of settlers who came out a [ good deal earlier. It is a surprising condition of things, and providentially fortunate far the Hebridean families, who in character and determination to succeed are among the best settlers Canada has ever known." m-tlS&lv own _arin-sr"aT^"TraTr» work, well' satisfied with wha h been done for them and tnorou^.ily appreciative of the efforts of the Soldier Settlement Board in providing them with suitable land. With the exception of a few women and children at the Red Deer headquarters, the forty families are all engaged in 1 agriculture. 'twelve families are! iocated in the Calgary area, the bal- j ance in the Edmonton district; four! of the men took up land without assistance from the Government, the others all being suppliedby the Soldier Settlement.Board. The Hebrideans are writing to their people at home telling all that has been done for them and what their prospects are inpjthis; -new country. It is expected, as a result of the good news, that several thousand ot their countrymen will soon follow them here. Revp Father McDonnel returns to the Scottish islands in pt short time, and when he comes festck this autumn or winter he will bring with him the wives and children of ths men:.. wko. are ...already BfetUed. He is also commissioned Uo act as chaperone to several Is- o Viand, lassies who will be married on I their arrival. "i^^^^^^^______B r _____! v . -as *art_Uy done I 31 Lunenburg nas . THE EDI_0_7T0_J BULIETIN, October l.thP 1923. THREE THOUSAND JOBS Alberta Offers the British Harvesters Plenty of Work for the Winter There are three thousand jobs in Northern Alberta awaiting three thousand British harvesters, as a result of the campaign put on by the Soldier Settlement Board at tha behest of the Department of Immigration. This should, serve to illustrate the fact that Alberta has "come back" a_id should at the same time be <a fine tonic for the pessimists. The majority of the men a^e still engaged in harvesting an! threshing and so far there has been no large movement towards the all- winter work which »they so heartily and emphatically demanded, but those who have commenced are giving the best satisfaction. Major H. Gordon., superintendent of the local S.S.B. office has interviewed a number of those who have come back from the harvest fields, and states that he has found them keen as 'mustard, satisfied with what what has been done for them by the Canadian government and amadous to get to work and stay at it. The employers are apparently 'of the same mind, and "send me more of the same kind" is the burden, of their conversation. This applies equally to the rural as well as urban areas and as far «as can be see__ no "wasters" have straggled through into Alberta,. Last week o__e local mine got six of the British islanders, and yesterday ,sent in a request for thirty more of the "same brand", while much the same story como-. from the farms. Throughout the north at ever" railway station there are lists posted by the B. S. B., showing whe.e work can be obtained, at what wages, with further particulars as to the class of employment and so on; the men from the United Kingdom can scarcely fail to see thess and those who are toiling in Alberta must know 'by this time that what has been promised has been fulfilled and that none of them need be cut of employment this w_nl©_\ >o p schaor.ii fiSTr-r-* to his school. e ~i..~k There were plenty *f children still to teach. I met the sergeant-major of the company of Camer, n Territorials.. There was still a company to drill. Islands Not Depopulated I heard the same story everywhere. The islands have still too many people on them, and when half have gone, and each two crofts become one, then it will be possible for the islanders to live away from the poverty line. I asked about the question of afforestation and I was told the story of the one tree on Uist. A man once came to Uist as a sort of factor, and he was given money to improve the island. He decided he would plant trees. He spent all the money, and one tree grew. It stands there today on a little island in the middle of a loch to the west of the Uist, and it is—a monkey puzzle! Animals are about as rare as trees. The black cattle have all gone, and there is not a deer, not a hare, not a hedgehog, not a weasel, not even a mole. As I came back to the pier at Lochboisdale a little of the Marloch smoke was still hanging in the air, but the ship had disappeared on her great adventure. I echoed the words of Mrs. Macdonald, "It is very well!" This is the first of this year's embarkations from the Islands. When the Marloch returns, she is to go to Storn-. oway on the 25th of April for the second contingent of emigrants, and in July another batch of emigrants will leave Lochboisdale. From .Stornoway 90 women and 280 men will embark. From Polchar 26 unmarried girls are going out. 7 ' As far as the generality of the emigrants are concerned, I found a great objection expressed to the general idea that poverty and due want are driving them to Canada. This is not the case at all. It is entirely wrong to imagine that the emigrants are folll. crushed in body and spirit. Many of them were in quite good financial condition/and are simply going put because they think they can better themselves. Among the 33 men who have come off the mainland crofts and farms many- have sold their good crofts for : goodp money, and most of the others were! not men who were ont of employment, j As a matter of fact, I understand that' many Highland farmers are not too well j pleased because.: their laborers are leavraj cidents at the beginning of the voyage of the Marloch took place on the banks of the Clyde. A Lochaber girl who is > in domestic service in Glasgow came down to the dock to say goodbye to some of her friends from her own country. As soon as the mooring-ropes were cast off, she got her .bicycle, and cycled slowly down the towing-path on the south side of the river, keeping level all the time with the boat. When the towing-path ended she jumped off her bicycle, and stood watching until the ship disappeared in the evening haze. She never waved her hand, but there was a Lochaber lad standing near the stern. He wouldn't tell me much, but I'm pretty certain that by next year there will be a vacancy for a domestic servant in Glasgow, and there will be wedding-bells ringing somewhere in Alberta. I heard of only one case of the suppression of an emigrant on the mainland by the medical authorities. This was the case of an Aberdeenshire family consisting of* a father and mother and ten children. Some query arose with regard to the f.yness of one of the girl children, but the authorities inform me that she can be put all right, and that the family will sail this summer. There were one or two cases in th<^ Islands where crofts had been sold "by families, and then some medical difficulty had arisen—a considerable time before the date of embarkation. In each case the family were able to repurchase their croft and stock. John McMillan/of Eochar, was in this position. Last year he intended to go out, and sold his croft. But Mrs. McMillan changed her mind, and he bought his croft back again. This year he again sold his croft, but medical difficulties arose which prevented him from emigrating and the croft has become his own property again. SDMOHTO-T JQU-UfAL - NOV. 20th, 1?2^ The Toronto Globe is much impressed with what the soldier settlement board has accomplished in giving a good start to the people from the Hebrides who came to Alberta in the spring and expects that the board's achievement will result in it<5 being linked up with the British bureau that is charged with the administration of the empire settlement I act. If) the successful results of this | experiment are given proper publicity, they should, in the Globe's opinion, he the means of inducing a large movement of the best kind of settlers from the Old Land. There is no question that through the board's efforts the way has been shown to a new and better system of colonization from which the country will henefit to an extent which was not possible under the old haphazard : methods. KO o OCTOBER 6th, 192 .,. O o Absorbing the Harvesters There was nothing for the Prince of Wales to do but to listen to the complaints of the three British harvesters who insisted upon interviewing him in Winnipeg. He promised to call the attention of the proper authorities to their representations. But unfortunately the incident, to which wide publicity will be given, will convey an altogether wrong idea as to the treatment which the Old Country men who were brought out to assist in the handling 63 the crop have received. The steamship bookings show that less than three per cent, of those who came over are returning, and most of these express themselves as well satisfied with their experience. That none of those who desire to remain need be without work ts evident by the information which comes from the various branches of the soldier settlement board, to which employers were asked to report the positions that they had to fill. The Edmonton branch alone has a record of two thousand all-winter jobs that are available. Its field supervisors were charged with the duty of combing the country and obtaining data as to the help required. The thorough way in which they have done their work is one more bit of evidence of how useful this organization can be in the settlement of newcomers. In the new immigration era, on the verge of which we stand, it should render a great service in establishing under the right conditions those who are induced to come to the country. The number of applications which the board's officials have accumulated after an effort of less than a week leaves no doubt as to the ability of this part of the west to absorb a large increase in population. One of the men who interviewed the prince stated that the winter wages offered on the farm were too low to maintain a family ot? and that they would do better by returning t«"> their old homes. The British newspapers do not confirm the latter opinion. The unemployment problem there was never graver, and much 'Hardship during the coming winter and enormous demands for doles upon public treasury are inevitable. During the recent strike of English farm laborers it was shown quite clearly how much more poorly they fare than do those on Canadian farms. o <£cAkriiAL^AL&-n„ ^9AAA^-n^t^£. Australia's Contribution to Labor Problem of the World Described by Prof. Heaton Experiments in wage fixing and control of the standard of living has been Australia's big contribution to the world's labor problem, declared Professor Heaton, of the University of Adelaide, Australia, in an address to an open meeting of the Philosophical society of the university, Pn Wednesday evening. Development of labor conditions and regulations in Australia was dealt with by-the speaker under three headings. First, the rise of trade unions, especially after 1850. Strikes and collective bargaining followed this move. Secondly, the strike period and depression. The workers at this time turned to political action to control work and wages. They built up a strong Labor party. Thirdly, the period of regulation of wages and state enterprise. Outstanding Features The two outstanding things in Australia are the strength of the labor organizations and the extent of state activity. The latter is not surprising,, as .the central government was formed when there were very few people in Australia, and in the absence of strong local bodies, it had to handle many things ordinarily considered outside the range of governments. The strength of labor arose from the fact that Australia attracted a very sturdy class of immigrants, and these were all of one race and tongue. Gold Rush Started Ball The gold rush of 1850 with its attendant scarcity and high price of labor started the ball rolling in labor organization. But the unions wanted to go too fast. They precipitated, disputes, and in places civil war nearly occurred. Depression followed, members left the unions, wages fell, and the outlook was dismal. From 1890 on, reorganization of labor was rapid. By 1922, over 54 per cent of the employes in all the trades, professions, and occupations of Australia, belonged to unions. These unions are developing a federal unity,, but have no centralized control by a general headquarters as yet. After 1890, labor began to organize politically in nearly every state. By .1915 they were in power in every state except Victoria. The conscription, issue split the labor party, and it went ° on the rocks, but it is now gaining strength again. The policy of Labor was at first rapid reformist, more education, constitutional development, and a national land policy. On economic issues theirs was essentially the trade union aim, achieved by political action. This included better factory laws, restrictions oh immigration,, preference to unionists, elimination of sweating, and the guaranteeing of a living wage. Social Aims Emerged Beyond this there gradually emerged various social aims, vague and ambitious in theory, and patchy and spp„smodic in practice. Nationalization of industry is one of the two big aims of the Labor party. The wages regulation developed a double aim. The first was industrial peace. The strikes and depression of 1890 shocked the people, and made them resolve to find some better way of settling industrial disputes. The second^ aim was the elimination of sweating. This had become very bad after 1893, especially in Melbourne. The anti-sweating league maintained an Uproar against this for five years. Machinery Involved Two kinds of machinery were involved in the wages regulation: first, a wages board; second, an arbitration court. The principle of a fair wage was settled by basing it on the amount necessary to maintain a family, of five persons. To this basic wage is added sums for. skilled or risky trades. The basic wage is adjusted! to, the cost of living from t*-T_e to j time. . - . Various, objections have arisen I against this, and the newest proposal! is that, employers shall pay to each j employe a certain sum, based on the ; requirements of one man, and pay aj further sum to the state for each! employe. From this fund the state I will pay every man an extra sum if ■ he is married, and an allowance for each .child. A definite wage is also recommended for all independent women workers. While many faults have been found in the Australian system of wage fixing, yet it is a fact that it brought Australia through the post-war depression in better shape than- any othev' country in the world, concluded Professor Heaton. A: vote of thanks to the speaker, moved by Dean Kerr, was enthusiastically endorsed* by the very large audience present at the meeting. O o o o o o o o xy. H <D ! H a. r. o o 4__ S3 O a The School Lands With education making such demands upon the public revenues, every possible avenue of relief demands investigation. In a recent letter to this newspaper Alderman J?. J. Duggran called attention to one of these, from which much may be hoped. A year ago there were in Alberta unsold school lands amounting to 6,878,279 acres. At a valuation of five dollars per acre, they represent an asset of $34,391,395. Both these lands and the fund established by the sal© of the balance of the areas originally set aside for educational purposes are in control of the federal authorities. They have cash on hand and have made investments from the proceeds of sales to the extent of $6,609,206, while the outstanding principal on land disposed of is $6,441,586. The fund yields a return of five per cent, to the province as the beneficiary, less the administrative costs. The return from it and from the unsold lands is in the neighborhood of one per cent, on the total capital value. It is hoped that before long the control Wfllpass to the province along, with that of th© other natural resources. When it does, it is evident that these assets can—provided the large additions that are looked for to our farming population are forthcoming and the demand tot land is increased-—he made' the means of improving our educational facilities and at the same time light-* ening the taxpayers' "burdens to a substantial extent. Once the transfer was made, the province could improve the educational situation, even without large new sales being made. An issue of $145,000 of school bonds was recently held up because the best price that could be procured was 90. These bonds bear five and a half per Gent, interest, whereas, the school lands fund return only five per cent., less cost of administration. If the province had,control of the fund, it could take up a certain proportion of local school bonds at par at the same rate that it now receives from the fund. In this way it could be of great help to the local school authorities without affecting its own financial (position. ! NEW EMIGRATION PACT WILL SEI TIDES FLOWING Fine Type of Settlers Expected from Britain In Spring COLONIZATION IS BIGGEST BUSINESS C. A. Magrath Addresses Annual * Meeting of Dominion Land Surveyors (Special to Edmonton Journal by British United Press) LONDON, Feb. 6—The new agrea- j ment on immigration which has been reached between the British and Canadian governments, provides that both governments will share the cost of providing suitable settlers. The plan is receiving considerable attention here and it is believed that it will result in the encouragement of emigration among the finest type of artisans and agricultural workers, who, tired of conditions at home, are anxious to seek their fortunes over* seas. It is generally welcomed this morning in the press as being the • best way of preserving British traditions in parts of the empire away from the motherland and as a check to the movement by which Canada, Vould be over run by Europeans from southeastern countries. Enquiries have already been received both by the Canadian and British authorities with regard to details of the scheme and it is confidentially expected that it will result in a huge number of emigrants next spring. The reports of the discoveries of vast mineral deposits in northern Ontario and Quebec are inflaming youths with the spirit of ad - venture. Land Colonisation Canada's Big Task OTTAWA, Feb. 6.—"Land colonization is the big business of Caiir ada," declared C. A. Magrath, chairman'of the international joint commission, at the annual meeting of the Association of Dominion Land Surveyors here today, when he was asked to participate in the discussion on the report of the land settlement committee of the association. fee said he had reached a point where he was critical of Canada'., colonization problems. "I do not believe we are taking, hold and nailing people down to the land," said Mr. Magrath, "with the courage that we would apply to big business, and I regard colonization as the biggest business of this country," He was not prepared to criticize governments, but he thought there were too many street corner critics instead of the big men of the country taking hold of the problem. "When-it comes to national problems I see very little evidence of team play from leading men in this country," said Mr. Magrath. He heard lots of talk about coloniz ng\ but frankly much of it was not worth listening to. "We all seem so busy, that we don't, seem to get down to a shirtsleeve policy of colonization for this country." Privately-owned unoccupied lands near the railways constituted one of the problems of land settlement, remarked Col. J. S. Dennis, of the Canadian Pacific railway. There were 6||J}Q0,000 acres of privately* owned unoccupied land within fifteen miles of railways in the west, and of these 25,000,000 acres were suitable for iiiiirttwHw*^ settlement. He urged more cooperation between the surveyors and the railway companies' land settlement activities, and expressed surprise at the extent of land classification which had been ; done as revealed in the repor. of the' committee. Price Green, of the Canadian National railways, joined with Colonel Dennis in regretting that more use was not made of the information obtained by government departments. !«!; _ WI JOUj >y«i4.19£ Lord Mayor of London Issues An Appeal for Help CCanadian Press Cable) LONDON, Feb. 13.—The lord mayor has issued an appeal on behalf of the population of the highlands and islands of Scotland who 'have been reduced to destitution by the failure of the harvest. "The population of the Hebrides," the appeal states, "have been suffering for some time: a distress unparalleled for severity in the memory of the present generation and are now approaching the climax of their ordeal. It is generally recognized that the next two or three months will be the most trying time of their cruel experience. Their supply of home produced foodstuff© will be completely exhausted in many households, especially in Lewis, the Western Isles, and parts of the Mainland, in the course of a few weeks, and they will be driven to depend in a degree upon the charitable funds which are 'being raised for their relief. "Their plight' is already very acute and threatens . to become desperate. Families are having to subsist today almost entirely on oatmeal scones and tea or cocoa, and so economical have they to be in the use of that limited fare that children are obviously suffering from inadequate nourishment." It is estimated that at least £25,000 will be required for Lewis alone in aid apart from the relief afforded from the promotion of road making work by the government department in order to tide : the Lewis community over the period of distress. Unless their fellow conn- i trymen come to their aid quickly and generously the Hebridean population seems destined to endure in many •-ases the extremest hardship. 1TED SOLDO SEHLEMENT IN A BIG TANGLE B. C. Government Demands Merville Settlers Pay or Get Off (Special to Udmortton Journal) VANCOUVER, Feb. 20.—A crisi has been reached in Merville, Brit ish Columbia's most noted soldier settlement. When the war was oyer 1800 British Columbia troops came back aboard the steamer Empress of Asia, apd en route home a number of them who wanted to get back to the land formed an association which later approached the provincial government asking for appropriations of land. The government selected a certain land of fourteen thousand acres on Vancouver Island, situated on both sides of a highway and lying at! | the edge of the town of Courtenay. j I Fifty families were placed on this j tract on farms varying in size from' | fifty acres up to 300. The soldiers took possession with- I out paying anything. In fact, the government assisted some to erect their houses and to buy stock. No repayments have been made yet oh capital account, and the government is now demanding that the settlers pay something on their land or get off. Difficult Situation The situation is a difficult one to deal with, for the reason that nothing was settled when the soldiers took the farms originally. Men started to build their houses, while government contractors were still clearing the land. There was great dissatisfaction at the costs of clearing, which in some cases ran to $400 an acre, for the land had been heavily wooded. The government agreed to absorb some of this first cost, but no decision has been reached about that ! feature, for the government insisted j that some payment ought to be ! made on account before the govern- ; ment itself should be asked to fore- I go anything. Costs on some of these fifty-acre farms have now run to $20,000 or ; $30,000, including interest, and there is not the remotest chance of any one settler meeting this charge. Heated meetings with government officials have been held and the whole situation for the soldier colony is in a bad tangle. It looks as if the government would have to accept a loss of between half a million and a million dollars on the deal, and even then the soldiers may not I stay on the land. o o o o ' p: x_ Suddenly the blood curdling roars weir© heard from a hillock behind the village —the whole place was in, a tumult—the cattle all gathered into one crowd—the larger and horned ones forming a ring round the younger animals—all bellowing in terror. The men hastened to their houses to give the protection of their presence to their women folk. Not for many years was that! day forgotten in Airor, and one to whom, I have spoken was mentally deranged, for a period of 10 years by the fright of that day. This was about 23 years ago; but as I have already mentioned our " beast "has been heard many years subsequently. John MacGillivray, a keeper, of a bold and absolutely fearless disposition, set out at} dusk to walk to a village some 18 miles distant. He had almost climbed the top of a low ridge some few miles away from his home. Quite near the top on the other side at the foot of a green there was a mountain tarn. As he climbed, on his side he heard on the adjacent slope as it were a horse rolling itself on the grass, hearing distinctly the clatter of the hoofs on the ground. A feiw steps brought him sufficiently near the topi to see over it and down the slope to the water of the tarn; but there was nothing to be seen. Everything was still, and not even a breath of wind to ripple the waters of the mountain loch. Near the same spot a sholrt time after the more familiar roaring was heard: on a clear, calm summer's afternoon by two gamekeepers who lay on the hillside watching the movements of a herd of deer. Some of the deer were grazing and some lying down. The keepers had their dogsl well at heel. The howling of the "wild beast" seemed to come from a corrie on the opposite hill about 3 miles from where the keepers lay. Their dogs showed unmistakeablei signs of terror; but most remarkable fact the deer took no notice. When deer are lying down, should the croaking of a raven be heard as it flies high up from hill-top toi hilltop, ow may see the ears of the deer move as they note the far away cry and the direction from which it comes, but on this occasion it was particularly remarked that not one of the deer seemed to pay the least attention. It was about this same period that the tracks were again noticed. John Mac- Master, at the time keeper at Raoneval, on Loch Hourn, was on one of his usual beats near the summit of Sgur Sgiath Airidh. He was walking on a hard heath, short heather beginning to flourish after a thorough burning about two years before. On such a heath one often comes across a patch of black peat moss, soft and capable of receiving an exact impression of a foot or paw which might rest upon it. As Maemaster passed a patch of peat moss as described, he noticed the impression of what he took to be the paw of a hound. He had gone but a few yards, when he stopped and said to himself— " That cannot be the track of a hound. It is too big." He turned back and examined the impression. His description tallies exactly with that given by Ronald MacMaster regarding his experience of .a many years before. Roundish, and bout four inches in diameter with dis- inct impression of four toes, no pad, d the formidable claw about 3| or 4d JlLcheis to the back. MacMaster carefully jammed the ground all round, but it Jas all hard. He could see but the one jack though he followed up for a con- qderable distance the direction in which tie impression of the foot would seem to loiiit. j I may now mention that each incident \ yhich I have related above I have had 1 It first hand evidence. I received the ^tacts from the mouths of the individuals %ho experienced them. I know that lot one of those from whom I received Jihe story would dream of trying to de- •iceive me. They gave the facts as they llknew them. ! I It is greatly to be regretted that the 'tnan who is generally acknowledged to "jhave seen the animal, and who was Jpresent when, it. was fired at by a com- ^Ipanion, is no longer alive to give hisi 4 story. The following seems to be f authentic. Murdoch MacLennan,, fox ; hunter, saw the animal several times. Once wheni in company with another fox j hunter, the animal was observed by them | among a herd of deer that did not seem, to resent its presence. MacLennan*s I companion was determined to have a (shot at it and fired, but missed, and the animal made off with its characteristic loud howling. The description of the animal given by these men was that it seemed about the size of a donkey, with a. mane and tail like a horse. The head was broad at the top between the ears like to the head of a boar, but instead of a snout the lower part of the head was somewhat round with a very heavy upper jaw and large red overhanging lips. The face was hideously and terrifyingly ugly. Thia last I have heard by hearsay; but from men who had the description from the fox hunter. For six years now nothing has been seen or heard of our animal. Perhaps old age has overcome it, or it may have died in a cave. No trace has been found at any time by which we might, judge how it fed. Dogs always refused to follow the scent. What was, or is, the " wild beast" of Barrisdale? **^£* Hebrideans Had Mistaken Idea of Preparations For Their Colonization Plan Expected to Find Improved Farms at Their Disposal; Are Not Disheartened and Are Slowly But Surely Being Located; Personal Interviews By Journal Reporter Conflicting reports concerning the settling, of the Hebridean immigrants at Red Deer prompted the Edmonton Journal to send a staff representative there on Thursday. Newcomers, both men and women, and those handling the arrangements were interviewed and the results of this investigation are given in the following article. BY T. A. MANSELL While "someone has blundered" in early handling of the Hebridean settlers who arrived in Alberta three weeks ago, these immigrants are not downhearted. Some of their dreams of a land of promise have been proven fanciful, they have possibly been victims of their own over- enthusiasm as the result of glowing reports, but the determination to "stick" and make new homes in this province is firm. Things have not turned out as the Hebrideans anticipated, and naturally they are somewhat dejected. They have not Sound improved farms ready for all to locate on; they have found that the talk of sufficient loans to enable them to carry on operations was largely mythical. Hoping For Best Housed in the old Indian industrial school at Red Beer, these fine prospective settlers and their families numbering some two hundred are waiting. They hope for the best, knowing that something will turn up and it may possibly be a solution of their difficulty. Some of the party have already been placed on farms, others have secured employment for their grown up children and are planning to go out to service with farmers themselves. Through the efforts of the Soldier settlement board numbers have been provided with salvaged S.S.S. farms and are at present engaged in making arrangements to remove their families. It is stated that the S.S.B. is making every effort to settle the newcomers on the land offered at most attractive terms. The term, for payments is as long as twenty-five years while purchases are to be based on present agricultural values. Sold Their Holdings It is quite apparent that the Hebrideans sold out their holdings in the old country and left for Alberta under a very mistaken idea as to what provision would be made for them here. They say positively that they were to be settled in a colony, which would be near a railway, and each could get 160 acres ofl land. There would be no payments required on this land for the first two years and at the commencement of the third year the first of the thirty- year instalments would be due. Another point they emphasize, and a most vital one, was that they were to receive loans to assist them in farming operations. Also, they were to receive assisted passage to this country. In regard to the latter, it was learned subsequently that all received free passage. Misled by Publicity Publicity broadcasted by the Western Canada Colonization association as to splendid prospects for .settling in the west was evidently largely responsible (Continued on page twenty-two) Save the Children from Socialist and Proletarian Schools The following are extracts from the pernicious doctrines taught in the Proletarian Sunday Schools THE PROLETARIAN SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN AND The "Left Wing'1'' of the Socialist Movement. GROWN - UPS OBJECT : To teach the children of the working classes the absolute necessity for the abolition of the present political state and the inauguration of an Industrial Republic, the teaching being based on the Ten Proletarian Maxims. Among them are the following :— Thou shalt not be a patriot, for a patriot is an international blackleg. Your duty to yourself and your class demands that you be a citizen of the world. Thou SHALT teach Revolution, for revolution means the abolition of the present political state, and the end of Capitalism and the raising in their place of an Industrial Republic. Thou shalt wa^e the class war. Thou shalt demand on behalf of your class, the complete surrender of the capitalise class and all the *means of production, distribution, and exchange with the land and allthat it contains, and by so doing you shall abolish class rule. Thou shalt inscribe on your banner " Workers of all lands unite. You have nothing to lose but your chains ; You have a world to win " The Proletarian Song Book, used in the Schools, contains such ^verses as the following:— We, the rebel children sing Perish every Court and King We've a world to save and win In," The Revolution." Another runs:— Kings and Queens and flunkeys Lords and Dukes and Knights Are the Fat Man's magic To keep-you irom your rights. Get a pail and drown them Or a little can They have been a nuisance Since the world began. Or:— Come workers, sing a Rebel song A song of love and hate Of love unto the lowly Of hatred to the great. The Re J Catechism contains a further exhibition of blasphemy such as:— Q. What is Gog? A. God is a word used to designate an imaginary being which people of themselves have devised. Q. Is it true that God has never been revealed ? A. As there is no God he could not reveal Himself. Q. Who is Jesus Christ? A. Jesus Christ is the son of a Jewish girl called Mary. Q. Is he the son of God ? A. There is no God, and therefore there can be no God's son. Q. Is it true that after Christ's death the apostles received the Holy Ghost? A. It is not; the apostles had imbibed too freely of wine, and their dizzy heads imagined all sorts of queer things. Other Blasphemous Teaching. Christ, a Failure. The man who says Christ was the highest possible being is not worth working with.: Christ was a failure. The mention of God has gone out of fashion. You never hear about God in Parliament, and only occasionally in Law Courts. The people are governed by a system of idolatry. Clergymen, judges, and kings are all idols who generally have to be given sufficient money to dress better and live better than other people. Kings cannot impose. I know that the king is a man, but hardly anybody tlse in England seems to know it. A Typical Sunday Discourse. The Teacher : "Can a boy Socialist be a Boy Scout ? " Answer : '■ No, Comrade." Teacher: "Why cannot a boy Socialist be a Boy Scout ?" Answer: " Because a Boy S^out has to salute the Union Jack." Teacher: "Why must not a bjy Socialist salute the Union Jack." ? Answer: "Because the Union Jack is. an emblem of oppression and slavery." PRESIDENT THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 1 *.£ EARL.OF DERBY, K.G. CHAIRMAN Sir ERNEST WILD. K.C.. M.P. VICE-CHAIRMAN MR, il. A. SEDDON. m.p. HON. TREASURER S-» U.S. HARMOOD-BANNE*. m.p. CHAIRMAN OVERSEAS DEPARTMENT VlR. Wm. PERKINS BULL, K,C. GENERAL SECRETARY M», REGINALD WILSON PATRON W. M. HUGHES BRITAIN FOR THE BRITISH The British Empire Union FOR BRITISH INFLUENCE BRITISH LABOUR BRITISH INDUSTRIES Telegrams "OPPOGERMA WESTRAND, LONDON." telephone REGENT 4007 BANKERS Messrs. LLOYDS BANK, LIMITS® 222, Strand, London, W.C. AUDITORS Messrs. JACKSON, PIXLEY & C0.tt 58. Coleman Street, E.C. SOLICITOR Mr. H. S. A. FOY. C.C. 4. Walbrook. E.C. Pounded April* 1915. Head Office : 9 & 10 Agar Street, Strand, London, w.c. 2, Dear Madam, On the foregoing page are extracts from what is taught in Socialist Sunday Schools and their more dangerous allies the Proletarian Schools. Whatever our views on religion or politics, men and women and certainly all parents will agree that children's minds should not be filled with such poisonous ideas. Apart from the present harm done to children who attend these schools the future is full of menace to Democratic Constitutional Government. Such teachings are not only false but wicked. In order to save the children and for the safety of the nation, the British Empire Union is forming a special department to fight this menace. We shall be glad to add your name to the list of the prominent supporters of this movement. Your assistance in this special effort does not necessarily commit you to support or approve of other sections of the work of the British Empire Union. —^ " Whilst we welcome financial help we need your moral support to the general appeal we are issuing for our campaign against Socialist Sunday and Proletarian Schools. Several cases have been brought to our notice of children attending these schools whose parents were shocked when they were told what their little ones were being taught. Qur plan of campaign, which it is not advisable to publish, for attacking these schools, is complete. Only helpers and funds are required. We have the names and addresses of 30 Proletarian Schools and many more are in existence. There were 217 Socialist Sunday Schools, with about r3»90° children in attendance, in existence in 1912, and doubtless this number has considerably increased since then. We shall be glad to receive particulars of any in your neigbourhood. If possible, please give :— Names of Superintendents and Teachers. Number of Children in attendance. Particulars of teaching, and, if possible, a report of one of their meetings. Our parents were to blame for failing to realise the danger of the Socialist Sunday School movement, the fruit of which is seen in the Revolutionary tendency of some of the present generation. We shall merit and receive the praise or condemnation of future generations according to the manner in which we deal with the Proletarian Schools now. We feel confident you will realise the vital importance of dealing with this menace and yill give us your support, Yours truly, Names of Schools. Date of formation. Address. November 1921 General Secretary Campaign against Socialist Sunday Schools and Proletarian Schools. To SIR J. S. HARMOOD-BANNER, M.P., Honorary Treasurer, BRITISH EMPIRE UNION 9 & 10 AGAR STREET, STRAND, W.C. 2 Please add my name to the list of your supporters in the above campaign. I shall be pleased to help in the work by :— 1. Distributing copies of this appeal. 2. Giving a Donation £. Subscription £. for which I enclose cheque value £. Name... Address Date Cheques should be made payable to "The British Empire Union," and crossed "Lloyds Bank, Not Negotiable." / Ol)e Scottish "Smmigrant .Aid Society THE HANDICRAFTS, FOLK-LORE AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT COMMITTEE: FROM THE LONE SHIELING OF THE MISTY ISLAND .. . . r p r mm niNia REV. R. A. MacDONELL. (o.s.b.,m.b.e.. m.c.) MOUNTAINS DIVIDE US. AND THE WASTE OF SEAS— **• r" K* » LH l_ U JIN <j PRESIDENT BUT STILL THE BLOOD IS STRONG. THE HEART IS _ DC. DTA M*- NEILIE MAClNNES highland EDMONTON, ALBERTA MR DUNCAN GEORGE LAWRENCE AND WE IN DREAMS BEHOLD THE HEBRIDES MRi NORMAN MACINTYRE, SECRETARY ET IN TERRA PAX In sincere appreciation of your generous contribution and unselfish assistance in the ARCHDIOCESAN CAMPAIGN 1947 ARCHBISHOP OF EDMONTON. •_ per^was concerned with such development in land tRiW~wiW~oWe a part of Nova Scotia. His ideals were portrayed in the following words by one of my family who worked with him and was killed with twenty of his men when as governor of the Hulson's Bay Company he was defending The Red River Settlement at Seven Oaks in 1816. "Per tantos varies, per tot discrimina rerum, t^ndimus in Latium. "—Virgil. Such words could be taken as describing the lot and feeling of the early pioneers. It is useful when we are about to embark on a new period in world events to look back along the road we have come and see what history records and gtudy its lessons. There are few pages in^woiid history in which Scots have not played some part, France of the 15th Century was invaded by a foreign power —■ the English — and rent by internal factions. National regeneration might never have been achieved but for the spiritual leadership of Joan The Maid and the military leadership of officers of the Scots Guard, the senior company of the King of France's Lifeguards, and Scots men-at-arms', and archers. The bishop of the beleaguered city of Oriels, himself a doughty Scot, John Kirkmiehael, made a pilgrimage of thanksgiving with The Maid to all the churches in Orleans after the siege had been raised, Scots shared the fortunes of The Maid and were largely" responsible for the liberation of France. Scotland had come to the aid of France and had given the flower" of her chivalry and the dream of her youth to the liberation of her ally from the enslavement of the agresso'r. As we come down through the centuries we see Scots aiding by force of arms Sweden, Poland, Austria, Holland, and trading with them in the intervening periods-of peace. In Holland, to mention but one case, Scots were granted ex-territorial rights and were tried for civil offenses committed in Holland by Scots fudges.' Scots were also granted all the privileges of citizens of France when in that country and this enactment stands to this day.. In the 17th century we see the birth of the empire in the last years of the Stuarts by the founding of the first settlement In Nova Scotia from which sprang a vast continental development that ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific. -To see what Scots have done in the New World it is but necessary to turn the; pages of Canadian history and scan the map. In the 18th century most of the armies of Europe were directed in an important degree by Scots. Peter the Great of Russia had as his chief adviser Patrick Gordon; Frederick the Great of Prussia had as his chief of staff George Keith; Louis the XVI of France had as his chief financial adviser Law. Her urge to adventure and to play her part in world development is as great as ever. She now sends out some eighty of every thousand to the world outside of Scotland, whereas England sends but five in every thousand. The task now being planned and to be brought into force when the war is won is that of reconstruction in which it is sure she can play a usefulpaA I know that many of my fellow clansmen — Forbes ■=— are here as also many of the Sempills, or Semples, and I am sorry that time does not permit of my seeing them all personally. I look forward to joining with them and fellow Nc>ya Scotians of other clans in the work.they are doing here and abroad. ' I am just leaving for the Gaelic speaking parts and .am eagerly looking forward to improving my all too slender knowledge of our native tongue. We Scots must b% a bilingual people — the Gaelic for the family circle and English for the market place. I know full well, Mr. Premier, how much you are doing to maintain the essential fabric of our great traditions so that those ties of blood and a common sentiment that bind us together may ever be a vivid reality of today and not a memory of yesterday. May I say to you and to the Honorable members of the chartlber: 'Fhir-riaghlaidh Urramaich na Uarlamaid so agus a Luchd na Parlamaid: Thug Dia dhuinne, Clanna nan Gaidheal, canain mhin, bhlasda leis an toir sinn aoradh agus ar durachd Dhasan agus leis an gleidh sinn gaol agus dilseachd ?s an dachaidh, agus tha againn a bharrachd, cainnt nar: Sasunnach leis an coisinn sinn buaidh anns an fheill, ann an creic agus ceannach. Chan eil canain ar sinnsearachd an diugh ann an tir nam Foirbeiseach mar a b' abhaist. Agus '>s mor am beud, ann an duthaich cho aluinn. o "\ OCTOBER 5th. 192% O O Two Thousand Jobs Are Ready For The British Harvesters In The North In Less Than a Week the Soldier Settlement Board Has Arranged for All Winter Work for ImmigTants at Lumbering3, Sighing and Farming I_ess than a iweeK ago the .Soldier Settlement -Board was instructed by the department of Immigration to provide work for the British harvesters in the west, and at this writing there are two thousand all-winter^ jobs available for the men in northern Alberta. What has 'been ac complished by the other branches of the S.S.B, in the provision of work for the old country men is as yet unknown, hut at any rate insofar as the Edmonton district is concerned H is prepared to assimilate all the harvesters who came here to assist the northern farmers. Watch at Every Depot In every station throughout the north men desiring work will find a list posted up of employers in the vicinity who require help. All particulars are given such as the location, pay, length of time required, etc., and by this means also the crowding of the workers to the city is obviated and they will not he put to the expense of going and coining to obtain what they require. According to the" system put r'n vogue by the Edmonton. ibranch of the '$.S.B., the field supervisors were charged w4th the duty of combiig the country and obtaining data ae to the help required. This accomplished the lists were posted In the railway depots, these 'being kept up to date and fresh requirements posted- every Saturday. None of the jobs1 are of a temporary nature; they are what the harvesters have heen crying to high Heaven about—all winter jobs, and at the present time there are more offering than harvesters to fill them. In addition to farming the work includes> mining, lum'bering, fishing and other occupations, and it is hoped that the persons that took it upon themselves to write to the English pa.pers denouncing Canada's lack of preparation for the harvesters will now write to the editors of the London "Daily iMail" and "Times" and explain their eloquence Different Now There is a very, different attitude and train of thought now in regard to Alberta, says Major H. Gordon superintendent of the 'S.S.B.. here, and due to the abundent crop in thia district there is more optimism visible than for many years. Farmers who before scouted the idea of winter help are now considering" it. and a great many will engage men for land and clearing purposes alone, in the territory to the north of the city It was pointed out to a number of the newer farmers hy the S.'S.B. that the could utilize some help now available to get more land cleared up for crop, and this theory has apparently been thought practacible.' The veterans who are farming" under the aegis of the S.S.B. are this year also hiring help in many instances, and $o pfar as can he seen at the present time any British harvesters who likes to apply at any of the rail road stations in the north can secure a job for the winter season. ,/m £ ^yn^^riA^&-n^ 2171E1S VALUEALBERTA S Production in 1924 creased by Over $8,000,000 In- " "Following investigation ^of tne actual returns of loadings of Wheat for SeVet WM crap shippingr s*^ as shown hy figures available an the internal trade fcranch of the ^raJ •bureau of statistics, it became appai- «_t tha? the estimate of Ihe whea yield for 1923 made Iby the federal bureau, in conjunction with the .provincial department was too hip bv 22 000 000 bushels. It was admit ceo that tl^ provincial departments estimate of average yield at 28 busheli Sent that the error had occurred wS not too high, therefor^ .it was in computing the total acreage ^crop. It has been decided toy the federal bureau Of statistics in agreement with the provincial department % of agriculture that the acreage (figures for 1923 wheat should toe reduced to correspond with the reduction shown an the total yield of approximately 22,- 000,000 bushels. This correction . has heen made, as will toe noted in the accompanying tatole. The wheat acreage figures for 1924 have been brought into line with this correction." O The total value of all agricultural products in Alberta, including game and furs, is estimated at $217,477,808.23 for the year 1924, according to the statistics prepared by the publicity branch of the department of agriculture, portions of which were referred to in the budget speech of Hon. R. G. Reid, in the legisature on Wednesday. The statement prepared by the department of agriculture is prepared in conjunction with the dominion buerau of statistics, and is 'an estimate of the market value of all branches of agricultural production. Though the grain crops were ver;y much less in total yield than the crops of 1923, increases in other lines of production and increased prices more than made up the deficiency. The value of grain hay and greenfeed is one item which shows a large increase over last year, both on account of the fact that a great deal of the grain was used as greenfeed and that the value per ton was about three times that of the year before. The comparative value of the agricultural exports of the province for the last two years is shown as follows: 1924 1923 Grain crops ..$106,699,146.70 $135.726.863.0C Duiry products 22,928,750.00 22,975,000.0C Other production. 87,849,911.53 .50,492,237.00 Total .... .$217,477,808.23 $209,194,100.00 61,000,000 Bushels of Wheat The acreage in wheat in 1924, is estimated at 5,573,813, and the average yield at 11 bushels, giving a total yield of 61,311,943 bushels, compared with an average of 28 bushels and a total yield of 144,834,- 000 bushels in 1923. The average yield of oats for 1924 is shown at 30 bushels, compared with 50 the year previous, and the average yield of barley at 25 compared with 38% the year before. Honey is included in the 1924 statement for the first time, and is given at 55,000 pounds with a value of $13,750. Poultry products show an increase, and animals slaughtered and sold are estimated at a value of $20,772,593.74, compared with $17,146,000 the previous year. The production of creamery butter increased from 717,750,000 pounds in 1923 to 21,500,000 pounds in 1924, with an increased valuation of $1,048,125. The division XLf production for 1924 m as follows: w Grain crops $1106,699,146.70 ROot and fodder crops ..". M,3i)S'.675.00 Other produce , including honey, wool 7 267,642.79 Dairy products 22.928,750.00 Poultry products '. 8,916.000.00 Animals slaughtered and sold P. 20,772,593.74 Game and furs ........... 2,000,000.00 Horticultural products ... 1,500,000.00 $217,477,808.23 Correst 1923 Wheat Yield Attention is called to the fact that a correction has been made in the 1923 estimate yield of wheat. In agreement with'the dominion bureau of statistics, following a check-up of the actual loading figures at the end of the crop season of 1923-24, it was found that the estimate of the total wheat yield published for 1923 was too high by some 22,000,000 bushels. The total yield was therefore corrected to ,the total shown in the new statement, namely, 144,834,- 000 bushels. In this connection, the following is quoted from the statistics report of the department of agriculture: o ML CREDIT MERES IDE GOOD SHOWING yri(7i^<>A- //-£,5l ■Province' Has. .Not -Sustained Any Losses Through Guarantees Alberta rural credit societies will: make what is considered a particularly good showing when that part of the budget speech comes up for debate. With about $900,000 outstanding in the way of loans under this scheme, the collections for tba past year amounted to 60 per cent9 while a substantial part of the uncollected balance is covered by security in the form of wheat certificates. It will also be shown that in seven years9 operation, tho province has not sustained &nf losses whatever through its guarantees of the rural credit loans- There are now twenty-eight rural credit societies in the province and all are said to be in a healthy condition. Two reserve funds are being1 built up to .provide against the possibility of future losses one of them being a fund belonging to the societies themselves for protection against their own losses, and the other a new general reserve to cover losses throughout the- province. These reservo funds now amount t© $50,000 and $2,000 respectively, and both are held in trust ■ by the provincial treasury office. A reduction, in the rate of interest has made the accumulation of rural credit reserves thus possible.a The bank interest rate on loans has been reduced from 7 to O1/^ per. cent, and again to.. 6 per cent. Members of the societies are still paying at; the original rate, however, and the res erves are building up out of the difference. It is a safe guess that the rural credit scheme as now in operation in Alberta will be eulogized when up for. discussion in the .house, ; and comparisons with: similar schemes in other provinces will be made* to Alberta's advantage-. Government officials,. at any rate, take; the ground; that it is a first class scheme and is working out considerably better than any other rural credit plan now.tinder way in Canadae o llGEPi.il! IlftATII PARLEY Delegates Will Have Ample; Opportunity to State Individual Views To draw up a definite program for th© immigration conference to be held hero on Thursday, March iff, a sub-committee of the board ©f trade's, committee on immigration, appointed for this purpose, will meet in the board of trade offices at 5 p.m. Wednesday. Facing the necessity of giving delegates from each of the many organizations who have signified their intention of attending the conference an opportunity to set forth their ideas, and of providing for a full and frank discussion of every phase of the colonization question, the committee must arrange its program with considerable care. Whatever program is mapped out, ibis will go before council of the board of trad© as a recommendation from th'© committee. Th© members of the subcommittee are J. D. O. Wether- sill, president of the board; Major Gordon* of the land settlement branchi F. S. McCall,. W. ■Rp Howson and .Andrew Whyte. o o o E TAKING FARMS UNDER S.S. PLAN More Than 150 New Settlers Are Secured for Edmonton District o Already this spring more. than one j hundred and fifty, all qualified settlers and all ex-service men, have gone on the land under the soldier settlement board scheme in the Edmonton district. This is a big increase on other years, and shows that there are many who are taking advantage of the low prices of everything connected with farms and farming and are buying, at the right time. Settlers of all types, who are coming into the Edmonton district, are taking full advantage of the services offered by the board in the way of land and cattle appraisers and field supervisors; many have already found locations around Camrose, Wetaskiwin, Lloydminster, Vegreville and Vermilion. Remove Supervision Supervision was always one of the chief things; that the soldier-farmer found to kick against and in many instances even now still kicks against. The board has lifted supervision off between six and seven hundred of those men working under the scheme, who have made a success of their work, or who have shown that they are now so fully qualified as to be considered fully able to dispense with overseeing when it comes to hard and fast agricultural science. The consequence is extraordinary Many of these men who so loudly proclaimed their repulsion and aversion to having some official of the field staff looking over his farm and giving him advice gratis, now complains that no one looks after hm and that he has to md to Edmonton to find out anything he wants to know. Settling New Families Herbert Gordon, district* superintendent of the soldier settlement board, it •^operating with Father Macdonnell in ocating the large party of settlers rom the Hebrides, who are due to ar- : rive in the Red Deed district in a few I days, and the services of the whole | field staff has been offered with the i idea of getting the new families ; settled quickly at correct valuations. There are between thirty and forty ex-soldiers in the party who will be looked after by the board in the same way as all other ex-Imperial soldiers who come Over with the idea of taking up land- and those who have the necessary qualifications will be given all advantages of the board's scheme. All the Hebridean settlers are Scotch Catholics and are bringing two parish priests along with them. Father Macdonnell, who himself farms 11,000 acres in the Red Deer district, has made an arrangement, with the government by which he has taken over the Indian school in that district for the. us/, of the new settlers and their families. o o o S.S.B. Could Locate British Harvesters Soldier Settlement Board Possesses All the Necessary Informa*- tion, Men and Machinery to Provide Work Olid country papers are full of stories regarding the haird-ships borne by men from 'the British islands who arrived here for the harvest season. The imajor-ty of these in_migrants wish to remain in Canada (provided that suita/ble wo>rk can be found for theim during the Winter season, and' if this Is __ot accomplished and they return to the United Kingdom in a disgruntled condition of mind the Dominion will agai_i receive another entirely unwarranted "ibilack eye". Much the same condition arose here during the sunion©r with the Hebridean islanders but the 'matter was solved to the satisfaction of all concerned 'by the (S. S. B., wihen it was turned over to them. This is a government departmsent, esipediallly equipped ifor the handling of settlers, and paid for 'by the Canadian people —so why not <use It? Knowledge of Conditions The hoard /has ah out forty] five field supervisors located in all portions of the province; these men are acquainted wiJt'h labor conditions toi their several districts, and they possibly _mve a wideir view (point into the labor situation than any either organization in the west. In addition to attending to tibe matters of the soldier settlers,pimpe.r the 9. S. B., fieild supervisors acquire a wide knowledge regarding industrial affairs In the province; the very nature of heir work puts them It. tonc_f^with all pliases of the settlement and _ahor questions and each man h_us to coKlect data iregarddr.g these as part of his duties. There will he considerable work available durir.g the winter at which the British harvesters could "make .good". Fishing, mining, lumibering. and the cutting of ties and props offer- opportunities to ahsorb t'his d'esirabile British laibor, and on all these fsubjects the S. jS. OB., must have data which would result in mftaicing of tine old countrymen in ^positions not 'entiireily foregin to those to which they were accustom- >ed. A Good "Ad" Approximately 12,-000 Biitish harvesters arrived in western lOanada T't is estimated that out of this total about '2,000 are located in lAlherta a_id if these men can be found work for the winter season here tihie province will certainly benefit iby the consequent advertisement, wihile the path would hie cleared fo>r future immigration of the same type. Contrasted with the other Dominions, Canada is distinctly at the end of the procession in (respect to immigration. Now, however, we havfe with "«■ the very type of immigrant Which the Dominion has been striving to attract, and all '■*-'- Is required to turn, them into permanent residents is to assure them of employment during the winter. Jjooking To the Future Thie IS. S. B., has demonstrated that lft is equipped to handfle just such proibtlems, the Canadian taxpayer is pay,in(g for the imaintair.- anice of this department, go why .not use onaichinery wliich is functioning? In a large measure the future of British immigration de- *^n4s on the satisfactory settlement of the^iresent immiigrants, and to bungle the matter would be disastrous to tCanadJa. HON. F. OMVER RETURNS. Hon. Frank Oliver returned to the city last night after a three weeks trip to Ottawa and other eastern j points. o o FRIENDS SPURN PRINCESS' PLEA FOR BURIAL FUND O o Princess LouTse. Pleas to friends and relatives by j Princess Louise of Saxe-Coburg- \ Gotha for funds with which to bury her royal lover, Count Mattachich, have fallen on deaf ears, according to word from Paris. The princess j left her husband, an Austrian arch- i duke, to elope with the count twenty | years ago and remained with the ! count despite efforts to part them. | He died in a little hotel in Paris re- I cently, leaving her in poverty and | want. Her friends fear the notoriety t which might come to them should I they aid her now. o ' o o EDITORS FROM U_ S. . GOT INFORMATION EDMONTON DISTRICT Visited Salisbury^ Beaumont and Leduc During Automobile Trip As a result of the efforts of . R, La Greene, P. B. Barager, and H, Gordon, who supplied the motor cars, the party of foreign editors from the United States who visited Edmonton on Tuesday were able to get a good impression of the crop situation in the Edmonton district. The party, . consisting of Frank A. Walty, Julian Sepahski, Peter Lasota and John Grunwald, were taken | through the Salisbury, Beaumont and Leduc districts, Where their cameras: and note-books were called upon to : work overtime. All of the visitors ex- j pressed themselves as being struck ! with the heavy yield that the ' crops j promised. ' 'Later a visit was paid the university, I Where the members of the party were ; amazed at the progress so young an institution had made. They had al- ; ways been under the impression, they said, that the merest beginning of a university were located here; O O L THE CITIZEN, OTTAWA, CANADA. May 16th. 1923. O O O ON SALIENT POINTS I Sir Henry Thornton Sees Need of Capable Minister and Effective Propaganda. MONTREAL, May 15.—Four salient points were emphasized with regard to the immigration problems of Canada when Sir Henry Thornton addressed members of the Quebec branch of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association at their twenty- third annual banquet here tonight. First, a capable minister of immigration who would co-ordinate all the efforts of the people, is needed; second, an effective propaganda abroad is essential; third, there must be an organization to follow up the immigrants when they settle in Canada; and fourth, there must be encouragement of the "immigration of capital" for the industrial immigrants, made up of mechanics, artisans and industrial workers in general. Coming to restrictions, Sir Henry said that no immigrants had been admitted unless they are physically and mentally sound. Immigrants should be made to understand that they must respect the laws and customs of the country; in other words, neither bolshevists nor communists need apply. The financial position of the new immigrant must be such that he is in no danger of becoming a burden upon the community. Finally, every new citizen should be of the Caucasian race. "We do not want," said Sir Henry, "a color problem like they have in the republic ito the south of us." "One thing is distinctly lacking," said Sir Henry, "that is, some central co-ordinating official or personality who will.insist on us focusing our undivided attention. This I should think is really the "business of the government. We who, live in a democratic country do expect something from our government. We need a skipper to take charge of immigration." Sir Henry advocated the community center idea for immigrants, es* peclally in the west. Groups of three or four hundred families of one nationality should be sent to one district, and centered around a village where are village stores and other needs. He said that while no "calamity howler," the railway situation, as judged by statistics, was not any too favorable in Canada today. In 1913, he said, there were 25,400 miles of railway lines in Canada and 56,800,- 000 tons of traffic; in 1921 there were 31,771 miles of railway lines, but the traffic had fallen to 55,300,- 000 tons. "The truth is," said Sir Henry, "that we have too much mileage and not enough traffic, and that is what is wrong with the Canadian National Railways." vIe urged co-operation between the two principal railways, and concluded: "We have unbound . ed faith in this great Dominion and we have plenty of courage to face the future with trust and confidence." R. W. Dalton, senior trade commissioner for Great Britain, in Canada and Newfoundland, spoke enthusiastically of the Empire and the need for business co-operation. John . R. Shaw, president of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, moved a vote of thanks to Sir Henry. © o o o .a AGEICULTU Al UNFOUNDED CHARGE FARMING IN THE HIGHLANDS. The recent reply of the Secretary for Scotland to the Church deputation which waited upon him that the agriculture of the Highlands is uneconomic is one that is calculated to stick in the throat of the Highland people. Since the statement has been made it is desirable to examine what evidence there may be to support it, and to consider what steps can be taken to place Highland farming upon a higher level of efficiency. It is quite true that in many parte of the Highlands antiquated farming methods are a great hindrance to progress. Hut this fact is not a sufficient reason for describing the agriculture of the Highlands as uneconomic. It is when we regard the progressive farmer who adopts modern -methods and applies the results of scientific investigation., to his practice that we obtain abundant evidence that the agricultural possibilities of the Highlands are great am" only await that development which the Bo&rd of Agriculture was appointed to assist. The Highlands are the great stock raising part of the country. Its grass covered hillsides and valleys provide facilities for the feeding of large herds of cattle and sheep, Yet the Government by its deliberate action in opening the ports for the free importation of foreign <cattle at the call of a few feeders and butchers has undermined this industry and placed it in danger of becoming uneconomic. The Chairman of the Board of Agriculture is largely responsible for this on account of the evidence he gave before the Royal Commission. If there was a shortage of store cattle it was the Board's first duty to investigate how the shortage could be made good within the country itself before giving support to views which admittedly wil1 throw .smallholders out of business and render the cattle rearing industry of the Highlands uneconomic. On a par with this is its attitude to the bracken question whicl it must'realise is having a very serious effee oh the prosperity of sheep farming. Ii effect the Board of Agriculture is doin£ nothing towards increasing the efficiency o Highland Agriculture. It has failed to initi a_e a single scheme for its improvement. It is to the farmers in the Highlands tha we must look for a refutation of the charg< and if we regard the quality of the stool which was exhibited at the recent show of.tih. Lorn Agricultural Society in Oban, it shoulc not be difficult for them to do so. The exhibits of cattle, sheep, poultry, and dairy produce were distinctly creditable. By the development of such shows the various Agricultural Societies can do much to encourage the improvement of stock. With regard to the Lorn Show it is suggested that there might be two classes, one for proprietors and large farmers, and another for,those who farm on a smaller scale. By doing this the number of entries would increase and the competition would be greater. By the choice of good breeding animals the quality of the stock can be greatly improved. The show was, however, remarkably deficient in exhibits in the pig section. The economic position of the Highlands would be vastly increased by greater attention being given to the rearing of this animal. In 1819 MacCulloch writing on the Rural Economy of the Highlands of Scotland remarked that uthe neglect of swine appears a -judical defect in the farming systems of this country, since the sea-shores and the unlimited power of cultivating potatoes would render them a valuable stock." In this respect the agriculture of the Highlands is deficient. There are signs, however, that the defect is being made good. The Highlands are not adapted by nature for arable farming. At the same time there is room for improvement in cultivating what arable Jand there is. By the adoption of a suitable rotation of crops, the use of good seed, and the application of manures the arable land in many parts of the Highlands can be made to produce nearly treble its present yield. Much of the inferiority of soil production is due to the neglect to use lime. If this material were used more liberally the quality of grass and otbfer crops would be improved and this would lead to larger numbers ef stock being kept. Weeds which are very prevalent would be eliminated and holdings which under present working cannot be otherwise than uneconomic would become economically productive. The Linlithgow Committee has indicated lines on which agriculture can be brought into a more prosperous state; such as by a reduction in the number of intermediaries between the grower and the consumer; combination in selling and buying; improvement in the manner of presenting produce^ to the buyer; and reduction in freights. It is needle^ to emphasise the importance of these points which must be apparent to all. # By individual and combined efforts the agriculture of the Highlands can be placed upon s high economic level. It is the duty of al! engaged in farming to wipe out the reflectior that has been imposed upon it. o o o o U. K. OFFICER INSPECTS FARMS IMPERIAL VETS Major Speranza of Veterans' Association Taken on an Alberta Tour Touring Canada to further the schemes of the Veterans' Association who would like to place thousands of ex-service men from the British Isles upon prairie farms, Major J. E. Speranza spent Saturday in the city. The Veterans' Association was organized in 190!5 but only incorporated in 1915, says the Major who comes from London, England. They have the whole- hearted support of Lord Leverhulme and other prominent men, who have not only given their names for the directorate but are real boosters for their settlement schemes. The firs. Canadian branch of the Veterans' Association was organized in Victoria, B.C., and gutter the war broke out ,the movement received an Impetus that causeid other branches to spring up. Although not mixing In politics, the Veterans* Association are very keen to see free trade within the empire, especially ivlth regard to the entry of farm produce into England. Canadian wheat m'igrht then enter London 'market with an advantage over that from foreign countries. Settlement Scheme. An ambitious .settlement scheme has been outlined by the association in an effort to place a half million of the seven million ex-service men of the British Isles upon the land. The Major is making a survey of actual conditions on this trip In order to have _rin_.t (hand information. Then it will be possible for an intending settler to get the plain truth and not merely a pretty picture of ideal conditions of wheat fields without rust or other ill, says Major Speranza. It is hoped, that an immigration policy may be settled upon, (he stated, that will permit of the men coming out straight to a farm upon a year's contract? gain experience, later to he placed on land selected for them; interests of the settler to be looked after by local tribunals until well established. The Dominion government would be asked to create a Settlement Tribunal, representing the department-, of immigration, agriculture and colonization, the colonization departments of the C.P.R. and C.N.R., the Soldier Settlement Board, the bankers and other interests. Similarly each province would be asked to create provincial tribunals of a like nature. Further, district tribunals of .similar complexion would have- local control. Selection of land would lie entire-* | ty With provincial hoards who would I also provide advice regarding1 proper j crop rotation, information regarding the chemical tests of the soil and advice regarding intensified mixed farming on a farm not over one- quarter section in size. Local boards would act between the student- farmer and the teacher-farmer for a. fair deal at the first and later he an advisor for the new settler upon the land. The association would strengthen the service organization In Canada so that more aid could be extended to their brother ex-service men from overseas. Sub-Offices for Settlersr In the old land, sub-offces would be opened for intending settlers where every consideration would be extended to enquiries among: ex-service men who intend to go abroad to farm. The exact conditions in Canada will be described for them, the (possible harships they may have to face, the Shard work to be done , and the life oif a pioneer pictured. They will be plainly told that their success will depend upon their determination to succeed. "Any man with British grit and the will to succeed on a Canadian farm, will make a success in Canada," declared Major Speranza, If they adopt the determination to win their objective, just as they did in the war when difficult ground had to he won,, they will juirt as surely succeed.'* The "dole'* system has had such ! a demoralizing- effect upon many ! nf the unemployed in the old coun- '' try, that seeing it, certain ex-service men have refused to accept it when j thrown out of work. Out of the mil- ; iion unemployed, men of that spirit | would surely succeed as settlers, if j .given the chance was a fair con- | elusion. To liaise Funds. For the sake of raising funds, they are conducting a sort of advertising Ip^terv that will amount up to thousands of pounds. Tickets will se.. for five shillings and will entitle the holder to guess which of the colored advertisements in use -by a, manufacturer of certain beef extracts is most popular so as to win some o. the big prizes. Half of the proceeds rr mi in. ..... .mi .r ^manufacture] "" will be*retain- for is to go to the prize money "and naif ed by -the association for their organization funds. In Canada the other veteran organizations are joining in the sale of tickets. - I THE EDMOPTTQH JOUitt, .,_J_ 9, 1924, >^D !EE SHORTAGE OF FARM HELP FOR ALBERTA J. J. Bowlen Hits at Provincial Labor Department; Wants Quick Action (Special to Edmctttcw. Journal) CALGARY, April 9.~-That s, serious crisis already exists in southern Alberta in respect of the farm labor situation, and that this crisis is certain to become far more serious, were $ tat emeriti, hia.de today to the Journal's correspondent by J. J. Bowlen, who operates faring on a large scale at ClareshOlm, DidSbury and T'iricher Creek. By reason of his needs, Mr. Bowlen has been investigating the t.kvv:\ labor situation,, and his Conclusions arc not promising. "I have been able to get a few old country men, and they, are lot) i per cent. satisfactory, but th,e | trouble is that I cannot get enough 1 of this type, nor can other Alberta j farmers," he said. "If we . could, I we would .have- no labor iriefs siich J as we h4ve to experience practically every year in the Spring and harvest. "It is nothing" less than a calamity that we cannot get all of this class of labor that we can absorb," Mr. Bowlen declared. "Why can't we get them? Well, I dOh't know for sure, but I am convinced that if we had a proper department of labor with a competent, sympathetic man iii change, the solution would soon be provided. Hits Labor Minister "The trouble is that our Alberta government's labor department is not in sympathy with the farmers, . and does not wish to supply to the farmer an adequate supply of labor at a fair price. it is my belief. after making" a personal study of conditions and after repeatedly visiting the local labor bureau office, that these government labor bureaus are operating in opposition to the farmer's welfare. it appear^ to me, and I say this advisedly, that they* are cooperating with a disgruntled labor element with a View- to getting for this element the highest possible wa£es, regard.<-!_s of the quality or quantity of work performed. In other wrorct£, tlie farmer Is the least considered factor, so far as these bureaus are concerned. "I go down to "the Calgary labor bureau and I find a bunch of men hanging around there* presumably in quest of jobs. in some cases this seems to me to be camounagre; in others the men are loafing around the office with chips on their shoulders. They are not looking for jobs so much as for trouble or argument, ov an opportunity to bawl out employers. "iS'Ow, if We had men of the right stamp coming- in from, the old country, and' as I have said I have some Of them who are hard to beat, the labor bureau would be a real labor bureau, not an excuse and not a centre for fomenting- trouble among work seekers. Need Marty More "Further, the farmers wOuld be able to get #oocl workers who would speedily fit in on our Alberta farms, and many of whom undoubted J y Kould sooner or later become farmers on their own hook and good, useful, sound Alberta producers. "But today we cannot ^et these men and I believe that the Alberta government should take immediate steps to see that this situation is remedied. We need llockfc oi men from Great Britain, but it seems that if they are coming to western Canada they are being- kept out of Alberta. Certainly they are not being brought here despite the hiafiv protestation^ that have br-* >>a<fe during- tht ast winter*^ i Alberts * %s£ ^artmen., bo*- a.. EDMONTON BULLETIN Oct. Q. 192^ O ( Leader Imperial Veterans Here to Place Half Million Of Britishers In The West Canada Has Been Selected for the Establishment of Millions of ex-Service Men—Major J. E. Speranza Is in Edmonton to Further the Scheme What is probably one of the largest emigration schemes ever planned and one in which common sense combined with vision is now being discug.ed here with varous government officials with reference to the settling of large numbers of Imperial ex-service n\en in Canada, Major J .E. Speranza, of the Imperial Veteran^ association, is a visitor in Fdmonto__ and in an interview with The Bulletin illustrated that the present scheme is wall thought out and original in many respects. The visitor comes here sponsored by Rudyard Kipling, Admiral Beatty, the Duke of "Bedford and other prominent men in the United Kingdom. Canada in preference to the other dominions has been selected as the site for the launching of the program, and if arrangements can be made with the Canadian government to co-operate with the British authorities some millions of men from the United Kingdom will be brought here. Half Million Members The veterans association in the old country has a membership of over half a million men, besides which it is affiliated with numerous . oth^r ex-service men's organizations in the mother country, being connected alsj with the Army and Navy Veterans association in Canada. All told there- are seven million veterans in the United Kingdom, and a large proportion of this number would emigrate to Canada if the path was cleared for them. "In ten years we could double the population of Canada," said Major Speranza, "but let it be clearly understood that we have no intention of dumping thousands of men into the dominion and then letting them shift for themselves. .From what I have learned while touring Canada, the immigration plans previously in vogUf* have not been altogether successful, but I have been ©truck with the system practiced by your Soldier Settlement board, and if some plan along this line could be adopted I have no reason to doubt but that you, could assimilate all the British j settlers we could send you." Is Not Impressed Quite frankly, Major Speranza stated that he was by no means impressed with the present immigra- tion. systems in being here; so far as he could see they all confuted J and were not functioning as they should, while also >;» has no great regard for the efforts of the val:>o-< 8 provincial agents in the United Kingdom to attract immigrants. It is h__i contention that this competitive system is unsound and it is bewildering to the would-be Canadian to learn on one hand that Alberta is the peer of all the provinces and then to be told by another provincial agent that thia province emphatically takes a back seat compared with Quebec, and visa versa. There appears to be no-co-opera- "There appears to be no co-operation or cohesion in your efforts in Canada." sairi the visitor, "but we hope that this may be altered and that the British and Canadian governments will together arrive at a common understanding." No Milk and Honey Tn placing the British soldiers here, Major Speranza states that no effort will be spared to let them se* that this is not a land of free gold; the hardship/, will be explained to t.hem in detail, and they will be made to understand that to achieve st_.cc.ess they will have to work excessively hard, but that it is possible to make a decent living for th m- selve.q and: their families if thev < o so. Beyond that nothing is prorat ed. The men will be passed on by a selection committee in the oV- country and after arrival in Canada if thev have pot made good at, the end of twelve months they will ho sent back again; Major "Speranza recognizes that agriculture is the basis on wljieh all success depend-?, most of the men are not farmers and will have to be taught, but in the plans outlined this and other contingencies are taken care of i*?. a common sense manner, In England the visitor farms about two thousand acres, and he is aghast at the 'soil robbing" which is going on here and claims that with the introduction of new settlers factories for the manufacture of artificial manure should be erected at the same time. "The soil in Canada cries aloud in agony," .says Major Speranza. "You have a really magnificent country here, but unless you j go in for mixed farming and cr-vi halt to the present jprocedure, in a few years your dominion will resemble the northern United States,) whose soil is played out and which will grow little but quack grass and thistles." From his agricultural re j • ord it is plain that the visitor knows what he is talking about and is not in the least backward in committing himself. U.K. Wm Co-Operate The people in the old country -are anxious to assist in getting the ex- soldiers settled; they will co-operate to the greatest extent with the Canadian authorities and on his return to Ottawa Major Speranza hopes that an act of parliament will be passed which will bring the scheme to immediate fruition. Briefly his idea is as follows. The formation of district, provincial and dominion tribunals, who could pass on the eligibility o^ the immigrants and look after them once they had arrived. The men would not be sent haphazard from the old country, but whe_i, work on farms had been found for them by the tribunal they would be notified. On arrival each man would sign a contract to work for *a farmer for a year, being paid a flat rate per month-, the first six months' wage? to be held in trust by the local tribunal as a guarantee of the fulfilment of contract, while the farmer would be bound in the same manner. If the agreement was not satis- According to the present plans ro United fflngdom immigrant would be placed feirectiy on. the land. First he would tiave to quality with a farmer or through the agricultural colleges, w$ii_e not all the me. would be selected for farming wor1' Major Spertnza iH 0f the opinion ,that the fundamental wealth of the country defends on agriculture and that with fome hundreds of thousands of nj.n turning up the soil of the west tfat industriespan'd manufactures \-\|>uld rapidly follow. Naturally, the co-operation of the various veterans' associations in Canada would be sought, and in particular the various clubs of the G.W v.a would be applied for as clearing houses and rest camps for the veterans' former Imperial army comrades during their settling process The movement is non-political and non-sectarian, and the final message delivered to the Imperials before Reaving the old country would d<_, 'You are going to Canada an! must make up your minds to become *rood Canadians. There will be hard^hio* j a-plenty, you will be lonely at times ! and you will find the climate harder than that of these islands, but if you make up your minds to .stick it out and work hard the future is yours, xou are going to no earthly paradise—make up your minds to that. But you will have a chance to make a decent living and nothing iri.ro Good luck!" Millions of sturdy Britishers are ready to come here with no Illusions as to easy money or soft jobs, provided the two government* will j.»;n hands to pave the way for them The future of Canada is in the lap of .»e j gods! i factory to either party the tribunal woujd have the right of cancelling the contract at their discretion, and if at the. end of twelve months the immigrant was? found unsuitable he would be returned to the old country, his expenses being paid out of the fund in the keeping of the tribunal. Tribunal Formation Tho dominion tribunal would consist of the minister of immigration, .ho minister of agriculture, the heads of the same departments in the C.P.R. and the C.N.R., and the chairman of the Soldier Settlement board. As wel1 there would be a representative of the banks, a farmer and one representative from each of the headquarter organizations of the veterans' organizations. All would be honorary members, none would be paid. The provincial . nd distri",! tribunals would be co istrueted in a somewhat similar manner,', each sending represantatives to the hi ;t*.-i body. 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According to authoritative sources it was one of Britain's long-headed diplomats who thought out the policy of having His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales buy a ranch in Sunny Alberta, come to visit it th_3 year, partly as a diversion, but mostly as a gigantic publicity enterprise under the empire immigration scheme. To every Britishers who has ever come to Canada to farm, or to any of the other dominions to settle there has been attached the smack of romance. So much has been written of the west, with its rolling o plains and cowboys—cowboys mostly —that to the outsider at least romance is written in every line. With His Royal Highness owning the premier ranch of the west, just adjoining the largest one in the world, that of George Lane, where nearly a quarter of a million bushels of grain was taken off in one crop, 1915, th-i romantic sentiment is appealing indeed. What Britisher who has enjoyed a fairly comfortable patrimony could resist. And with a bit of capital there, is many a vocation not half the equal of ranching. Train 'Em on the Ground The crux of the change coming in the empire settlement plan is that intending settlers who wish to purchase land with the financial assistance offered, will be given their preliminary training in the dominion in which the settler wishes to reside. It will be practical and thorough, and the chances of failure on the land reduced to a minimum. If -there is failure it will be the man's fault, not the error of the settlement plan. In western Canada at Winnipeg there is the nucleus for a school for the pur- | pose already established, and the j idea is to use it as a supply source for all of the prairie province*, graduating student farmers who will have secured their training at first hand. Besides the Manitoba agricultural college each of the western provinces has its experimental farms which may easily be enlarged to take in a greater number of students, these of the settler class. The forerunner of the immigration policy change is seen in the happenings of the summer just closed. The Salvation Army has had much experience in the training of youths for farm lifie in Canada and the dominions generally. It has maintained, form schools in Britain for that purpose, but it is understood the plan is to be decidedly modified. The commissioner responsible for the Salvation Army's immigration policies was in Manitoba within the past yea-:, endeavoring to see if it would not be feasible to establish the boys who were brought over in a farm-training institutions located in this province to serve as a western supply. Noteworthy, too, were the intimations of the three Australian premiers who passed through Winnipeg within the year. Their missions to England in connection with the empire settlement plan had been guided by their intention to train their immigrants within their own states, outlining that as a part of their policy, because they knew that most of the immigrants they could obtain from the old country would be inexperienced in farm work. O Australia's Exam! ^ For such an immigrant in Australia, financial assistance to procure land is not advanced until he has proved, by actual experience gained in Australia itself, that he is experienced in, farm work. The whole of the immigration scheme, upon which Australia places much reliance to meet its lack of population, is designed upon the apprenticeship term as a condition to receiving a grant to acquire land/ become eligible to earn the balance of this year and settled at Red Deer, Alberta, are an instance that a change is corning in the policy so far as Canada is concerned. Many of them had no knowledge of farming. Some of their members, being British veterans of the great war, really came to Canada in part association with the empire settlement scheme; but before they could I The Hebrideans who came to Canada ithe loan securable from that fund and ,be able to take advantage of the very ^generous terms offered by the Canadian Soldier Settlement act, they had .first to submit to a year's work on [farms in the west. Some are now undergoing that experience, and will, in time, with a knowledge of life and conditions in the country, be able to take up their own lands. It is argued by those most interested in settler immigration, the class which the dominions most want, that the real measure of training for the immigrant can only be obtained after he has got in touch with the dominion with whicn he has cast his lot. Every settled immigrant knows this. He may have come to this, or gone to any other overseas dominion, only to learn that what he knew, or thought he knew, he had still to learn the way of the country. He still has to "get wise," as one might say j which is the very essence of knowing how to make one's way in a new land. At the immediate moment a sample of the finest kind of training in the world for those intending to take up Canadian land is apparent in the prairie provinces. Nearly twelve thousand young Britishers are about to graduate from the farm college of practical experience and hard knocks in the grain flields. They were brought over to harvest this year's crop. That experience will count if they become settlers. Old-19**. \ EFINITE PLAN DRY AREA Hon. Charles Stewart and Premier ^Greenfield Agree as to Relief Details The question of the dried-out or semi-arid areas in the southeastern part of the province formed the subject of discussion at a conference between the Hon. Chas. Stewart, Minister of the Interior, and Premier Greenfield on Wednesday morning, and it was agreed to submit to the Cabinets for approval a recommendation that it would be advisable to take a certain section of the country and make a complete survey with a view of ascertaining what future use can be made of such lands. The section of the country to be dealt with in this manner' is that situate east of Range 13, south of the Red Deer river, north of the Bow river and north and west of the South Saskatchewan river. It is proposed to gather data covering all the lands in this area covering the annual average rainfall, water supply available, condition of the soil and the adaptability of the land for ranching and other purposes, and at the same time to give some consideration to the' lands eoniing within the scope of irri-' gation ditches to see whether there is any possibility pf working out a plan of small holdings of irrigated lands in conjunction with a general scheme of grazing lands, which may probably be used on a community basis in the dried-out areas. One of the objects of the survey would be to determine the advisabil-i ity of utilizing these lands almost ex-1 clusively for grazing purposes and by this change endeavor to create a permanency in stock-raising in thisi particular locality. j The members of the governments are alive to the urgent need of these settlers, but as in most cases they have no feed available for their stock, it would appear that this can best be dealt with by assisting- them in getting into districts where feed is more plentiful, and the plan of providing free freight for such settlers who are desirous of moving out and who have new locations arranged for will be continued. In making the recommendation for this survey and report, the members of both governments interested have made it clear that it cannot be considered as imposing any obligation upon either the Dominion or the province to take care of any of the liabilities which have been incurred against the lands in the area outlined; neither will it be possible to suggest anything in the line of compensation, to any settler residing in that area for the losses sustained by him while living upon the land. It is the intention to use depart- mental officials as far as possible in gathering" the necessary information as to the lands in question, and then to work out a proposal which will have as its object the successful and profitable working of such lands along the lines for which they may be best adapted, even to the extent of withdrawing from future settlement certain well-defined areas if this should be found necessary. It is expected, also, that the information gained in making this survey and the recommendations resulting therefrom will be useful in dealing with other parts of the country where the average annual rainfall is not sufficient to justify the growing of grain as a staple farm industry, and if the proposal is accepted it will mean that the work in this area will be undertaken at once, so that the preliminary report should be available at a fairly early date. It is not suggested that any further aid be given to any of the residents of these dried-out areas, neither that any aid should be given to assist any future settlers to become established in these areas, but the whole proposal is that of discovering what the land is best adapted for so that it can be used for that purpose, and by being so used enable any who might reside there to be self-supporting and to make homes for themselves and families. It is only along these lines that it will be possible to build up a satisfied and prosperous community. O Apprenticeship Scheme That the Australian authorities realise the value of boy migration is evidenced by the fact tjiat both in the States of New South Wales and Queensland apprenticeship schemes for British lads have recently been put into operation. Young lads between the ages of. 15 and 18 years of age are appren-j tieed to well established farmers for periods j of from one to three years according to the j age of the boy. They are taught farming in all its various branches with a view to! becoming farmers on their own account a little later on. Very good wages, ranging from 15s a week for the first year to 25s a week for the third year are paid. In ad- \ dition they receive 'board^ and lodgings free, j To encourage thrift only one-third of their j earnings are paid to them during their apprenticeship, the balance being placed in a bank to their credit where it remains earn-! ing interest until they reach the age of 21 years. At this stage they should have accumulated a consideratble sum of money which altogether with liberal financial help from the Government would enable them to start farming in a small way on their account, j Thousands of boys leave school in this country each year, and in .the present de-( pressioii of trade, their immediate employ- j ment is a matter of considerable concern | to parents. These first years in a boy's, career are very vital, and it is encouraging! to know that the Australian Government is evolving plans to assist us in alleviating in some measure this very serious problem. This matter of employment for boys is a particuarly pressing one throughout Lewis, and parents" might well (give consideration to the possibilities under the Schemes of the Australian Government- ; Local boys may make application to Mr Murdo Maclean, 46 Point Street, Stornoway. j Those approved will 'be granted reduced passages at the rate of £16 10s for those under le^and £22 for those 16 and over. The passage money, however, may be advanced by way of loan free of interest and repayable in easy instalment after arrival in Australia. The authorities concerned are to be complimented on their vision in propounding* Schemes of this nature. j o o o o Pi ■p 15,000 JOBS- PROVIDED FOR BRITISH HELP Soldier Settlement Board Field Supervision Staff Goes Well ' Over the Top OTTAWA, Oct. 19.— (By Canadian Press).—The active canvass for openings Cor winter ^employment for the eleven thousand odd imperial ex-service men and others who came to Canada to help garner the crops, is closed and Hon. J. * __. Robb, minister of immigration, today made the statement that the soldier settlement board field supervision staff went well over the top with 15,074 places listed, Over half the number, of 7,84 3 are for farm jobs, 6,334 are for the lumbering and bush wor' 460 are required on railway construction hi Saskatchewan, while there are openings for land clearing and mining in British Columbia and Alberta as well as some work opportunities in a number of the trades. By soldier settlement hoard districts the western numbers are: "Winnipeg, 577; Regina, 859; Saskatoon, 830; Prince Albert, 3,025; Calgary, 1,322; Edmonton, 2,875; Vernon, I?'. C, 360; and Vancouver 474. It is pointed out that the opportunities for winter employment are necessarily restricted to certain industries. There is not the sam. ran^e or choice as there would be i*n the spring when many branches of industry become more active. The British Harvesters A strong appeal is being rae,d. to farmers and all employers of labor j to do what they can to jgive employment to the young men who came from the British Isles last month to help harvest the western Canadian crop. It would be a great loss to the country if they were, not kept here. Farmers are urged to engage an increasing proportion of their labor by the year. If they would do so, much of the loss attendant upon the harvest labor shortage could be saved and unemployment during the winter months avoided. With thij supply of the be^^ltin4^f__settlexs. now available, it is particularly desirable that plans should'be. made, so that it may be absorbed. Those who are prepared to give steady employment are requested to notify immediately one of the units of the soldier settlement board. It should not be a difficult matter to ensure the permanent residence here of practically all of these twelve thousand harvesters. Some who have work to do at home are already returning. Sixty ofl them left Montreal on the Minnedosa on Wednesday and all expressed them-- selves as delighted with their experience. But the great majority are anxious to remain. V Qdr - If &*/. (&o^./ f a 4 DOES FARMING PAY? '*m To the Editor of The Bulletin; In your issue of Saturday last "Fair Play" pours the vials of his wrath upon my head. It transpires that "at the so-called labor meeting last Sunday" I gave expression to sundry "lurid utterances," and that your correspondent cannot allow them to go unchallenged. Unfortunately "Fair Play" erects a straw-man for the purpose of knocking' it down again. In his long letter he brings forward not the semblance of proof that my "lurid utterances'1 were incorrect. At the meeting I stated that eighteen per cent, of the returned soldier., had been forced to abandon their farms. Does "Fair Play" deny this? He does nothing of the kind—but he simply cites figures from Kansas to show that in that unfortunate state 32 out of every hundred have abandoned their farms. Not having contested the figure, j presented I am wondering why "Fair Play" went to the trouble of writing his letter. Perhaps he would he intercste.3 to know what another returned soldier has to say on this matter—no less a man than Mr. J. T. Shaw, the federal member for Calgary. Writing Hi a recent issue of the "U.F.A." he tells us that:—• "Out of the twenty-three thou* sand who took up land four thou «and have already given up th<! struggle in despair. Five thousand of the balance are even now shivering On the brink of disaster. Hundreds more await the future with grave doubt and uncertainty." He wall also be interested to know j that the report of the Soldier Settle- j ment board states that the percentage of civilians abandoning farms is far higher than the percentage of returned soldiers. In view of that fact perhaps he will tell your readers just exactly where I erred in my "lurid utterances." But your correspondent becomes eloquent as to the prosperity in rural Alberta, and cites figures to show that "80.000 farmers brought in cash to this province for land products over $325,000,000, or an average of $4,000 for each farm." Very good! But will "Fair Play" the minimum cost of producing a bushel of wheat is one dollar. Yet the average price received for last year's wheat crop was sixty-seven cents per bushel. (Dominion Bureau of Statistics). In view of this well known fact it is up to "Fair Play" to demonstrate to your readers how farming pays! Or perhaps he will heed the statements of experts before the Agricultural committee last year. Mr. H. C. Grant gave evidence as follows:—- "Question. As a result of your experience in farming have you any wish to engage in farming as a business. Answer. Right now I do not think a man can go and buy a farm at present prices and make it go. I know he could not. It is a poor business proposition." (Report, P. 401.) Or listen to the evidence of a well- known western farmer:— "Question. How many bushels an acre do you think you ought to get in order to make it pay? Answer. Well in my opinion no amount of wheat per acre undef existing conditions would pay." (Report, P. 713.) At the "so-called labor meeting" 1 dealt at length with, the agrarian question and stressed the fact (that everyone can verify for themselves) that the mass of the farmers were in debt and were becoming poorer. "Faif Play," in his letter, has not brought forth any facts to alter my opinion. If he would study the report of the Agricultural committee and analyze the economic basis of the various farmer movements he would find ample evidence to substantiate my case. Yours truly, H. M. BARTHOLOMEW, Labor Candidate. L TRAIN ALL THE IMMIGRANTS Salvation Army Plan Unfolded at Winnipeg by Commissioner Lamb O AGRICULTURE SCHOOLS WILL BE IN MANITOBA "Will Start Them Off With Everything and Give Them Half of Profits5' WINNIPEG, Man., Oct. 22.—T'lO ; Salvation Army will in future give the immigrants brought from Great Brit- tain to Canada a practical training in agricultural work, especially you.ig men and boys, according to plans outlined here tonight hy Commissioner David Lamb, of London, Kngla.d, chief of the army's emigration department. Three plans are now under consideration for the 1925 season, and arrangements have been made for tie ! allocation of 250,000 pounds from the j general funds to carry on the work. The army, which already has a training farm at Brandon, Man., is negotiating for the purpose of the Birtle, Man., demonstration farm from the provincial government. T^e schemes outlined: were (1)—Boy emigrations (2)—young; men emigration, and (3)—family emigration in groups. Commissioner Lamb explained t.iat the boys would be given training in England, and then would be distTi- buted from the Brandon farm to agi- culturists in the west. The second scheme will provide for training of young men between the ages of 18 and 20 on the array's farms in the west, and the third will provide for the training in communities of from twelve to twenty families. The fam 1- les will be housed in separate buildings and will be given from ten to twelve cattle to each family. Commissioner Lamb said: "We shall start them off with everything, and to help them to be self- supporting they will take half the produce, while we will retain tie other half. These families will be trained from three to five years." o o ED-lOITTON JOURNAL - October 9th, 192.. O O o V. I Either conditions in the Edmonton district are very much better than j elsewhere in the dominion, or the local branch of the saldier settlement beard has done its work more thor- | j pughly than the others in investigat- | ing the employment situation. Thi. ] | is made apparent by the report of the | ! minister of inimigration as to the openings that are available for British harvesters. He announces that up te Monday the board had fbund that there were 7,876 such opening® in the dominion. Of these j 4,45$ are ill the prairie i.rov.s_eee and! I mor© than h_._'£ of' this number, 1.2S9, j ! in tho Sdmbnton diitriot. For farm j labor $15 to $40 per month aM board j j is offered, aoeoi'ding to t_cp erienee, j and for help in lumber mmp& from j |40 to ISO ptr mf.nth" and bof.rd. Qui* sid© of'these two fields there are very felv* places evailftble. ^cA^rn^yyX^Xj fjmXX^^X^^ I THE RE-VALUATION PROPOSAL. The re-valuation of the farm property of soldier settlers is a question that will not down. The Legislature of Manitoba lias forwarded to Ottawa a resolution appoving the idea, and there is a notable revival of interest in the subjeet in many quarters. Statistics have been quoted to show that it is not possible for the soldier settlers generally to pay the loans made to them by the Government with which to buy and equip f arms.Other statistics have been quoted to show that a larger number of the settlers are meeting their instalments and that there is hope that the majority will be able to stick. Whether it is possible for the soldier settler to repay is hardly the point which deserves attention, The real question is whether he is loaded up with a heavier burden of debt than he ought to be asked to pay. The soldier settler is not in his present position altogether as the result of his own choice. He came back to Canada to find that the Government and the public wanted him to go farming. Every influence was brought to bear to get as many of the returned men on land as possible. The way was made easy for them to do so, then prices of products made farming attractive, and the prospects of the farmer were represented in a way that omitted nothing in the way of commendation. Farm land at the time was high in price, higher than it had been in peace time, and higher —it is now apparent—than could be justified by peace time profits from farming. Stock and implements, building materials, and all other items which enter into the equipment of a farm were correspondingly costly. As a result the soldier settler is trying to farm on a place that is overcapitalized. Whether he can pay off the mortgage is not the only question to be asked. Whether the mortgage is larger than it should be, and how much, is also a matter for consideration. iJL~3L* r £kbni^6^m/l6~7V, jlttAASiwtJt „ ?AZ&,,//___~ IMMIGRATION MEET S SET FOR MARCH All Interested Parties in Northern Alberta Will Be Invited Calling of a conference of interested, parties, to discuss-plans for the attraction of immigrants to northern Alberta, was authorized by council of the board of trade at a meeting on Wednesday. The decision came as a result of recommendations from the board's special immigration committee, recently appointed to look into questions of immigration. To the proposed immigration conference will be invited representatives of all northern Alberta boards of trade, the mayors of towns where no boards . of trade exist, rural sections of the Edmonton Auto and Good Roads association, the Alberta government, the colonization departments of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railways, the Rotary, Kiwanis and Gyro clubs, and the churches now actively engaged in immigration or colonization work. The conference, to be held on a suitable date in March, will have as its particular topic of consideration the evolution of some means of linking up with the British government's empire settlement scheme, in such a manner as will make possible a large influx of British settlers into Alberta. Council at its meeting on Wednesday also agreed to donate to the Edmonton Horticultural and Vacant Lots Garden association a pex'petual chare age cup, to be applied by the executive of that organization, either to the "best garden" competition conducted each year, or to the entrant who secures the highest total of points at the association's annual flower show. The cup is awarded, it is explained, because of the special cooperation the board has received from the Horticultural association, whenever distinguished parties were visiting Edmonton. The association has always on such occasions gladly arranged an exhibit of flowers and plants, that have been a credit to i the organization and a splendid ad- \ vertisement for the city of Edmon- i ton. The recent visits of the British j scientists and the Maine State j chamber of commerce party are '' as instances of this. v3^U- f*-*<iJLm\^ SMOKY LAKE HAS BAD TAX TANGLE Blunder Costs District Heavily; Deputy Minister at Meeting (By Journal Correspondent) WARSPITE, Alta., Feb. 18.—-An important meeting of ratepayers of the municipality of Smoky Lake, No. 576, was held in the Warspite Community hall on Friday last. The work of the council has been very much discussed of late and ail kinds of conflicting rumors and reports have been persistent in the district. The meeting was called by the War- spite U.F.A. and the chair was taken by A. Parham, president of the local. The hall was full and the speakers included A. Dowsett, reeve of the council, and R. Spence, acting deputy minister of municipal affairs. Reeve Dowsett in his address, plunged at once into the main subject of dispute, namely, the tax sales, in which a large number of quarter sections had been sold. It was apparent, he said, that at the end of 1922 some drastic action had to be taken by the council as in that year no less a sum than $22,542 worth of uncollected taxes were standing on the books of th© council. The first thing he had to do in 1923 as reeve was to borrow $2,000 from the bank to meet current expenses. At first a collector was appointed, but his Work^ was practically a failure, as out of 55 cases of distraining on un^ patented lands, only 19 taxes were found collectable. It was impossible to reduce taxation if the council allowed taxes to slip through their hands in that way, so it was determined to proceed to collect from patented lands. Caveats had already been filed, and the council proceeded to collect taxes under the provisions of the tax recovery act. The secretary-treasurer was careful not to do anything in the proceedings contrary to the provisions of the act, but although it i was not called for,4 the council passed a resolution *that each councillor should personally notify each delinquent taxpayer whose lands were for sale." The sale was arranged to be held on December 23, 1923, but a letter was received from Premier Greenfield suggesting the sale be postponed, as prices of grain were low, and it was not the wish of the government that any farmer should be forced off his land. In spite, however, of repeated warnings and the full knowledge of the impending sale, many taxpayers refused to pay their taxes, believing the council were simply bluffing, and did not intend to carry out the sale. The sale, however, took place in June, in the town of Smoky Lake, and these taxpayers lost their farms, but an injunction was put upon the attorney general's department, staying the transfer of titles to the new owners. This led to several actions in the courts, the cases coming up before the master-in-chambers, and before the appeal court. The outcome of this was two trust companies had been granted costs against the council of over $400 each, while lawyer's legal expenses on behalf of the council brought the municipality's loss in the matter to over $2,000. The question was put to the reeve as to why, if the council had done everything strictly in accordance with the act, the courts had gone against them, and that they were already involved to the extent of $2,000. The fact was brought out that the secretary-treasurer, N. Romaniuk, had made a technical blunder inasmuch as while the tax sale was held in June, it was stated in the Alberta Gazette that the sale would not take place until November 15, and while the cases had not yet been tried before a trial judge, the lower courts had given the title-holders the bene^ fit of the error. _j_ __ Unfortunately, the secretary who had been announced to be present, was called away to Edmonton, so the meeting could not hear his version of the proceedings. Deputy Minister Speaks Acting Deputy Minister Spence gave a lengthy address in explanation, and on the working of the Tax Recovery act, and proved that many of those present were wrong in their belief that the act of 1922 inflicted greater hardships on the taxpayers than the act of 1919, showing clearly that under the more recent act, the delinquent taxpayer had a mnch longer period to redeem his title than under the earlier act. The deputy minister -also exploded the idea, which had gained a hold on. the district, that the attorney general's department had acted in an antagonistic manner to the municipal council, as at the time the two mortgage companies' actions had been successful against the council, at least three others were preparing to bring cases forward/ but the action of that department had stayed these proceedings, arid had protected the council. A great many questions were raised during the evening as to who were responsible for the sale taking place in June instead of November, whether the secretary was working under the instruction of the council or not. It was stated that the secretary had had a personal interview with Mr. Lamb, deputy minister, on the matter, but in the absence'of the secre- j tary, it could not be stated what took j place at that interview. ■■--..< Great interest is being manifested in the forthcoming municipal elections. It is believed a large number of candidates will run. O EDkQ-iTO-J JOURNAL - October 9th, 192.. O THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1925 o • o LONGER NEEDED TO VISIT OFFICE Department Officer Will Go to Settler's Farm for "Proofs" (Special to Edmonton Journal) OTTAWA, Oct. 9.—Although a number of land offices in the west have been closed and the staff reduced by the minister of the interior to effect economies, it is pointed out in a departmental memorandum that homestead inspectors are to take applications for patents* It is explained that this means that any entrant who intimates to the land agent by letter, or otherwise, that he has completed his duties, giving particulars, will be visited by a homestead inspector who will take proof in the form of the sworn evidence of the entrant and his two neighbors. P . 'Under the former system the entrant had; to take his witnesses to the land office or sub-office and this often necessitated a long journey and considerable expense in many cases. By the present arrangements this expense on the part of the settler is obviated and the department on the other hand has the benefit of inspection on the ground which will effectively prevent any rnis- •representation of facts relating to the performance of the duties. UNEMPLOYMENT It is now apparent that more prominence has been given to unemployment conditions in Edmonton than the facts of the situation have warranted. The agitation of the question has quite possibly- been a partial means of improving conditions, for as a result of it some work has been created and employment provided that otherwise might not have been available, but the fact remains that the local unemployment situation is not unusually serious. It has been aggravated not a little by the influx of unemployed from outside points, which has been more conspicuous in the case of Edmonton than in any other city in the province. But instead of being in an exceptionally bad position among Canadian cities, in respect to winter time employment, Edmonton is actually in a very good and gratifying position. Inquiries by the Journal, as reported in yesterday's -news columns, go to show that there is at the present time a registration at the local labor bureau of slightly over 300 applicants for work. This is not at all a large out-of-work list for a city of 60,000 people, and the impression that the labor market is stagnant is further shown to be incorrect and unjustified by the fact that nearly 1,200 positions were offered and filled during January. Moreover, it is definitely shown that there have been cases of work offered but not accepted. There are doubtless more unemployed in the city at any one time than are reported from the labor bureau, for the reason that some do not register there. The public has a right to expect, however, that conscientious seekers for employment will use every means of obtaining it, and registration at the one and only public office provided for that purpose is surely one of the most natural J and obvious of such means. Edmonton citizens have always been sympathetic toward any form of misfor- j tune and willing to relieve it in any j possible and reasonable way. They have in the present instance given approval to the efforts thus far m&de by the city council to meet the unemployment situation and have accepted the several relief work projects in good spirit. It is doubtful, however, if they will go much or any further in willing approval of concessions to that section of the unemployed that is causing the present agitation. The council has already gone the limit in the measures it has adopted, and there can be no question that a large part of the work it has undertaken must be considered on a relief basis only. The time has now come either to call a halt or to check up on the methods and motives of the unemployed themselves. It is evident that the complaints are coming not so much from the ranks of the worthy unemployed citizens as from a few who are insisting upon more and more concessions and conditions. There is a growing restiveness on the question within the city council itself, and it may safely be said that the general public is also wearying of the agitation. It is time to check up. f 3/-/-JUT. PEOPLING CANADA. THE GROUP SYSTEM, (By D. A.gar Bailey.) I The utter frankness of the correspondence from residents of Canada recently published in " The Yorkshire Post" has given a very faithful picture of Canada as it is to-day. The portrayal would be more- complete and better understood, however, i by citation of facts which have been the major cause of the serious depopulation of l rural Canada, for that deplorable exodus j j is at the root of most, if not all, of Canada's I present troubles. The main reason for land desertion has been neither bad farming nor adverse economic conditions. It has been almost entirety due to encouraging widespread settlement before real knowledge of the country's agricultural limitations were j known, and, equally important, a failure to consider the human element. In illustration of the former let me mention the Dry Belt in Saskatchewan and Alberta. This has an area of some twenty- two million acres. It is traversed by 1,500 miles of railway lines, which represent fourteen branch services. The average rainfall is a bare 13 inches per annum. This land became fairly well settled as a result of widely spread reports of its wonderful fertility, and following a good crop in a few ! districts. It has only had two crops since that time, and none for the past eight i years. Its population is now less than 50 per cent, of what it was, and those left would leave if they could. The same conditions have prevailed in many other districts in Alberta. Areas were boomed as wheat lands which were I fitted only for grazing or mixed farming. | Other areas have become settled, and nd railway has been put in to carry away their crops. In plain words, there has been no systematic plan of settlement, but merely a wide-open immigration " policy." On the other hand, to look on the brighter side, it should be said that by the sagacity of the Canadian Pacific Railway the possibilities of irrigation have begun to become recognised. Apart from an area of some 250,000 acres which this company now has under actual irrigation, several movements are on foot to irrigate wherever irrigation is possible. It is safe to say that if these are proceeded with, then within twenty years Alberta and Saskatchewan will have become world- famed for the produce of this now almost arid area. The other reason for rural depopulation has been the inability of people to withstand the dreariness of prairie life in winter. Thi§ has been due not so much to the great expanses of frozen or snow- covered land as to the lack of human companionship. The older prairie settlers do not thoroughly understand this. They themselves have lived through it, and are inclined to think that everybody else can do the same; that if they c*annot, then they are weaklings. Upon this argument I will not dwell, but merely say that 90 per cent, of the children of those settlers have left the land. It is to be regretted that there still remain in Canada a strong body opposed \ to group settlement. Most of those strongly urging that system are people } either on the land or else identified with agriculture. The opposition comes mainly from business interests and city dwellers, who do not suffer from isolation. But the opposition to group settlement has quite recently received the support of the Canadian National Council of Women, which body in October last—despite a very strong resolution from its Rural Planning Committee recommending a certain plan which it had had thoroughly investigated by a number of experts and "long headed" business men—voted against it. The reasons advanced were that grouping was " detrimental to Canada," and that it would lead to poor farming because there would be "too much time spent in gossiping," and that "hard-headed business men opposed it." The arguments, of course, are unconvincing and almost childish. One cannot help but think that they come from ajnistaken idea of what grouping means. This particular opposition is rather strange, and, moreover, very lamentable, because the women on the land have been the greatest sufferers in the past—as indeed, the asylum records clearly show. The time is near, however, when Canada must heed the insistent demand in Britain and also in Canada for this method of peopling its vast areas. When she does so, and adopts the policy of settling definite sized areas one by one, rapid progress will be made. I must confess to feeling no alarm at the suggestion that anti- emigra'tion publicity is part of a deliberate plot to check Empire settlement, or that America is endeavouring to bleed Canada of its best stock. The sole reason for migration to America is dissatisfaction, and need for bread and butter. And those opposing a heavy inflow of immigrants are merely protecting themselves by warning others. TOP HEAVY TOWNS. MISS BONDFIELD ON WHAT CANADA NEEDS. Miss Margaret Bondfield, who was the chief guest at the Hull Rotary Club's luncheon yesterday, spoke on Canadian emigration, and her recent visit to the Dominion as a representative of the late Government. She said young children were not welcomed in Canada to the extent that English people were led to believe. The farmers were quite frank about it; they preferred older children, who could do a day's work. Family migration was necessary, jjlhe system by which a man went out to make a home so that his family could follow later, was unsatisfactory. \ The woman was essential to a man's success out there. Left on his own, the man often became a rover, and found it extremely difficult to settle. A Yorkshire group was wanted—a group that could go out on the same boat, and settle together, so that they would not experience that dreadful isolation which was usually the lot of the lonely emigrant! Some form of social life should be sent out with the emigrants, and Miss Bondfield contended that towns had a responsibility in the matter. It seemed that Canada was already getting top-heavy in the towns. People would not stand the isolation of the bush, and preferred to drift into the towns. This, in a large measure, was due to under-population. Canada had room for men of adventurous spirit, who could do without the cinema around the corner, and the lighted streets. There was a tremendous opportunity for women who were prepared to face the first five years of toil to form the homestead. Adaptability was required much more than previous experience. O c o o EDMONTON BULLETIN Oct. 8, 192.. O o 2000 HARVESTERS IDE CERTAIN OF WORK IN WINTER Soldier Settlement Board; Active in Listing Vacant Positions o "Without a doubt the majority of our men are liable to be on their feet this fall," says Major Herbert Gordon, superintendent of the Edmonton branch of the soldier settlement board, who has returned from a visit of inspection as far east as Lloydminster and as far south as Red Deer. The crops in practically every case are most excellent, and all the men are happy. There are very few exceptions v h( re men have suffered from hail, and. Superintendent Gordon says that generally where a man put his crop in in the spring he is certain to get it off this fall. Threshing is slow. he\finds, amongst ex-service men, although this applies to every class of farmer in the province. There are many S.S.B. men, however, who have threshed their crops and in every case that has come to his notice up to the present ,the grade of wheat has always been No. 1 Northern. Major Gordon finds that where most of the threshing has been done it appears to be in districts that arc Covered by the main lines of railways of the province. Spme men have already hauled grain to the elevators and have made payments, which is a thing that has not been experienced by the board since its inception. With regard! to the finding of employment for the British harvesters who were brought over, the Edmonton branch of the S.S.B. has done remark- I ably well. It has found that there will i be 608 winter farm jobs vacant at 315 and upwards and board, and 1,600 jobs in lumber camps, mines and. fisheries. ' With these figures before him Major Gordon says he is certain that there | can be no real unemployment in Alberta, j These vacant jobs, which number more ' than 2,000, amount to a third of the ! returns of* vacant jobs made for the j whole of Canada ,and yet are only from eleven districts of northern Alberta. The work of the field men of the'; Edmonton branch of the S.S.B. in collecting data regarding vacant jobs has been very 'systematic. Every station agent on every line in the northern section of the province is now provided with a list of the number of jobs ; vacant in his district, the amount of i wages to be paid, and length of time i the job will last. All a, harvester has ' to do when he drops off the train at any point is to go to the depot agent to take his pick of the jobs he would like to look over. Among the many people from Great Britain who have been visitors to this province in the interests of immigration, a,nd who have visited the S.S.B., is George Mackay, of the Mackay Shipping company, of Glasgow. He was in conference with "Major Gordon on Saturday respecting the harvesters already in this country, having come over, like so many others, to investigate the complaints that have gone back to the old country. Misrepresentation, in his opinion, is the absolute cause of all the trouble. Mr. Mackay, wrho represents five different Scottish shipping concerns, is certain that if the people of Great Britain are told the true facts of Canada, given the good side as well as the bad, and conditions described as they really are, settlers will not be discouraged as soon as they arrive, but will know what to look forward to and what exactly they have to contend with. He promised a great tide of immigration for next year. ^_ ^^77L^-7V_Jtl fau^^QTn. fU. L1a£- YfWt CANADA GROWS BACON TYPE HOGS Necessary that Surplus Over Home Requirements Be The Kind Wanted Abroad Address prepared by the Doiniiiion Livestock Branch and broadcast. through radio station C.N.R.O., Ot-" tawa, as part of the radio market service of the Department of Agriculture, February 11, 1925. Every farmer in Canada is interested in our twenty million dollar oaeon trade. Under maximum con- uitJons or prod action and preparation tor export, we oouid expand our trade to a value of nfty million dollars every year. It is agreed that a satisfactory market outlet is essential to the profitable production of any commodity. "Whenever <a market opens up there is some one willing to supply it and sometimes, i£ that market is a profitable one, the competition becomes so keen that certain sources of supply are bound to be eliminated. The farmers of Canada engage in the production of hogs in various quantities in different sections of the country. The type of farming, feeds available and market conditions determine to what extent hogs are produced. This production is primarily for the purpose of supplying pork and pork products to our own people; in other wor<|s, the clomestio market. And a great many factors help to determine what this domestic market will pay for hogs.. High priced fee.d, a scarcity of hogs and good industrial conditions are usually associated- with high markets. On the other hand, an over-supply of hogs and unemployment tend to lower market price. Our hog production, as viewed from the standpoint of consumption is always greater than we can possibly use. Therefore, we must have some outlet for the surplus and it is the opinion of a grefct many of the hog producers and packers in Canada that the sort of hog produced should meet the requirements of our export trade. Our export trade for pork products is Great Britain. She is our best customer and, because this is so, we must pay due attention to her requirements if we want to remain in the business. Briefly, the requirements are these: A bacon in the form of a Wiltshire side. This slice is preferred between the weights of 55 to 65 pounds, which is the equivalent of a 185-215 pound hog, although hogs of the proper type and finish weighing from 180-2SO pounds at country points provide Waltshiro sides which are acceptable as to weight. The Wiltshire must not only he within certain weight limits but, as well, distinctive in make and shape. It must not carry too much back fat, 1*4"- 1%" and no more. However, we do not want thin, unfinished Wiltshire;.. In other words, from the standpoint of type, conformation, weight and fleshing, the requirements are met by what we have come to term a "select bacon hog." England wants a regular' weekly supply and insists that it have a very mild cure. As regards this last requirement, the responsibility for its fulfilment rests at tho present time with the packer. Strong Competition The Canadian packer who exports bacon to England competes with the Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Irish, English and American products. Denmark and other continental countries, as a result of long years ot feeding and breeding hogs for the British market, have evolved a uniformly long, smooth, lean type of hog. Moreover, the character of much of the Danish feed stuffs, barley, beans, cow-peas and skim milk, and their methods of feeding and management make for a groAvthy, firmly fleshed hog which gives the proper distribution between lean and fat in the carr cass. Ireland produces bacon hogs which are raised in small lots and fed slops, beans, potatoes and skim milk, all of which helps to produce the firm, lean carcass desired by the English trade. United States can scarcely be ranked as a competitor i in the same sense as the other coun- tries lust mentioned as their type of hog. produced in the corn belt sec-1 tiohs, ' does not satisfy the demands j cf the" English bacon market and consequently sells at a discount. 1 Nevertheless, it satisfies «_ certain! class of demand. In the keen struggle for Britain's bacon trade, all the countries mentioned, except Canada and the, United States, enjoy one large advantage: vis., proximity to market'. A shipment from Denmark may reach England within 48 to 70 hours from the tine it leaves the Danish port. Moreover, the whole journey has been by. salt water i through sea cooled air. Under such circumstances it is possible to give Danish bacon a very brief cure. This does not in any sense concede that! the Danish cure is superior to the; Canadian. It is merely a statement | of ""fact regarding the advantage of proximity. The important point is , that the Danish producers have the amount of fat on the pack* the conformation and shape of the hog, Smoothness of shoulder, trimness of ham, width of middle, thickness of beliy, etc. There is, unfortunately, an absence of a word in bacon grading which enables us to visualise or picture any given grade in the same way as the wosd "select" helps u_* to picture a certain type of Jive hog. However, it is the sides from our select hogs which make the best Wilt^ shires. This is the underlying reason for Jive hog grading. Various Factors We have attempted to show the various factors which enter into the grading of our product for export. That it .3 in the interests of the industry that this should oe done in & uniform manner goes without question. ISngland wants uniformly good" quality and volume of supply. Briefly stated the packer is seeking to meet this demand with tlie raw material available. He seej?s for correct conformation, good length, even distribution of fat, proper balance, fine'* texture, good standard trim, aa well as mijd even cure. All these may be considered a? the standard of exy cellence for a No. 1 selection of Wiltshire. Jf this standard were adhered to very rigidly probably not mori than 10 or 12 per cent of the export?, able products of all plants woijld at present satisfy this standard. Consequently, there is some lee-way allowed in connection with conformation and length in order to allow a greater proportion of hofs to go forward as a "hest grade." As the !.ogs get better so (Joes th© standard of excellence of this best grade of bacon o I evolved a uniform type of hog spec- [I .ally adapted for the definite requirements of British trade. I Now it remains for us to consider to what extent the type and finish of I hogs raised in Canada meet the requirements of the British market. In order to demonstrate our position it |s necessary to first consider what the exporter does in the way of grading ^! bacon sides for export and why. Prepared for Export Canadian bacon is prepared for export into certain grades determined bV the custom and demand of the British market. The factors which establish these grades are (1) weight, (2) thickness of fat, (3) character and shape of side, (4) quality'of fat, (5) freedom from bruises and blemishes. In the first place, all bacon is sorted and shipped in packages contain ing 40-45 60; su-ttt., ana so on up, io ,» ur ov incpewd volume of good hogs-^noi ?0UlldKSr _Ihe ld_?al r^egkLJ^Tn ^crease* hog production, but in- from 65*65 pounds Conseqt/er^ best grades are taken within thesel bogs weights. Sometimes the market con- It' hag been polnted out that th„ ditions might be such as to allow 50- m4i of baq m n'GW d0ne t 55 pound sides. At other times 65-70 | take into consideration the character might be acceptable. In the main, ,of the h sup ly and ^ proportion however, bacon below these weights of gODd h tQ Qr oneg ^is must would be calle4 light and, if over, j b as alf tUat the farmer prG4tiess heavy. Both would sell at a dis- J may be n^^ted. It therefore foi- C0H,nt . . , _ ,. ., . (lows that the fewer poor hogs and ^B<ZV\ 1B alSJ gra4ed according to the mo?e gO0d bacon h mark6tfcd the thickness <ft bacon fat into lean- ) the greater the volume of the best est, lean and prune grades so that j gmd0 of bacom it is fairly generally within each range ot weight we may ag^ed th^t a measure of standard- have these grades. When tlie grad ng 1zatI6n tot Canadian bac50n for export .!.?.^ple_f?d^ht™S!. ar?J!fSS?l ani'^d *• * sood thing. The problem is to work this out in such a manner that it will not hamper the industry in disposing of the kind of hogs' which are being produced at present. In other words, the more good hogs there are the easier it'trill be to adopt measures of standardhja- t-'on in the interests of our bacon i trade. 1 We have an Immediate problem— To maintain a profitable place for our product in competition with that from other countries. The achievement of a high and uniform standard of quality with everrincreasing volume is the kevnote of successful competition on the British market and all steps which have been taken in the past and any which are taken in the future to achieve this end must he based on a pteadv volume of pood bacon bogs. The farmer can helfl materially in brinarins. this about by increasing his percentage of select hosrs. leanest 55-60 pounds, lean 55r60 pounds, or prime 55^60 pounds, or any other weight range which it may fill. The best grades are leanest and Jean with the preference given the former. Consequently, the packers' best grades of bacon, besides being selected from sides weighing 55-6.0 pounds, rn^st be either leanest or lean. The character and shape of the side is also considered/Rough shoulders, broad flabby bellies or short stubby sides are all discriminated against and although these migrht be within the proper weight range and be leanest or lean, they would be eliminated from a packer's better grades of bacon. The characteristics \ of good Wiltshire sides which go into the best grades are (1) length, (2) smooth shoulder, (3) uniform thickness of belly, (4) uniform depth of side, (5) smooth tapering ham, all characteristics which correspond to the characteristics in live select hogs of bacon type. The quality cf the fat is also important as it must be firm. Soft sides go as secondary bacon. Blemishes and bruises must also be eliminated from primary selection. Sides damaged and soft sides arc sold at a heavy discount. From what has b<?en said, it is readily seen that several factors enter into the determination of grades in bacon and that the terms leanest, lean and prime do not alone express the quality or grade of a side. These terms relate to thickness of back fat | on a carcass. They are judged in re- jlationship to the conformation an* (weight of the side. A leanest side of ■65 pounds can carry more fat on the back than a leanest side of 50 pounds because it is a bigger hog. The same is true of lean and prime and packers, in grading their bacon at the presnt time, take into consideration o o EDMONTON JOURNAL - August .1st, 192., O o o o Work Well Done Rev. Father McDonnell, who brought the settlers from the Hebrides to Alberta last spring, stated, when passing through Tor^- onto this week, that they were happy and contented and in a fair way to prosperity. They will urge others, he says, in their old home to come out and see how good a land Canada is for those who are willing to work with a will. Their initial difficulties are apparently long esinee forgotten. When the soldier settlement board took hold of their case, it soon succeeded . in establishing them satisfactorily. The efficiency of that body as a general eoloniza- j tion agent has been strikingly de-.i monstrateti, and with the organiza-' tion which it has built up it ought to perform a very useful service in connection with the large volume of immigration which is expected during the coming year. W o EDMONTON BULLETIN - October 9th. 192 _, O O HARVESTERS GETTING WORK FOR WINTER j Real Demand for Farm Labor Exists at $15 to $40 per Month and Board OTTAWA, Oct., 8—Hon J. A. Robb, minister of immigration, has announced that up to >today 7,876 openings for winter employment have been found-for British harvesters. Of this number 4,255 are for farmjwork, 3,49 9 for lumbering and bush work, while a limited number of places have been found in other branches of industry. The/field staff of the soldier settle ment board has undertaken a complete canvass of employment opportunities and the above figures are furnished by the hoard ,as the result of the first eight days canvasa. The openings for employment by districts are: } Toronto, 3,000, of which 2,000 a;e bush and 1,000 farm jobs. Winnipeg, 338, Reginat393, Saskatoon 325, Prince Albert 650, Calgary 591, Edmonton 2,259 and Vernon 120. i The canvas® discloses a real demand for farm labor at $15 to'$40 per month and1 hoard, accordiug fo experience, and for help in lumbering camps ;at from $40 to ,$50 a month and hoard. Demands in other industries are limited. The canvass is continuing. HEBRIDEANS IN CITY LB OIEH DISTRICT Party, Headed by Pioneer of Movement, Are Spying Out Land A party, of five Hebrideans, headed by Rev. Father MacDonell, arrived in the city last night in the course of their survey of the Edmonton district to decide on the advisibility of settling more residents from the north of Scotland in this part of the province. In the party are Canon A. MacDougall, N. MacMillan, A. MacDonald, L, MacLeod and L. Nicolsoh and all are residents of Barra, Scotlanc*,, They are registered at the Macdonald. This morning in company With Major Gordon, of the Soldiers Settlement board, and Dave Conroy went for a drive around the district and before their return they will see the best settlements around the city. Father MacDonell, who is the pioneer of the Hebridean .movement, in a short interview told the Journal that the party was touring the west with, an eye to further immigration under the auspices of the Scottish Immigrant Aid society. No definite plans as to where they will locate had been decided on but the merits of the different districts will be •weighed by the delegates and a decision will be arrived at before they return to their homes. It is probable that next spring will see several hundred more families come to central Alberta, according to one of the delegates who said that the success that has attended those who have already j come has been a great factor in j ! attracting attention of his people! j to ■■-the:;, advantages that were being offered for settlement here. ^ ^iMl^l^ /7-/-.g*- WESTERN CANADA'S FUTURE How Settlement Might be Facilitated By A MAN ON THE SPOT (SECOND ARTICLE.) Need of Good Homes. There is one reason why people leave the farms T^BW people will admit, and still fewer knew, that the Western farmer to-day is the victim of moral depression and incompetency more than of unsuccessful farm., ing and market conditions. This is not j astonishing when one realises that a large per-1 centage of so-called farmers in Western Canada j started out unde_ the delusion that anybody could be a farmer, no matter what had been his calling I in life before. The great mistakes made in former years have j been to hold out the homestead proposition as one Duly suitable for wild. li woolly/' and exceedingly brave adventurers, and not fitted for •' real far- I piers/' In parts of Europe it is comical to notice the conceptions entertained by intending settlers as lo the life in Western Canada. The impressions of wildernesses, wild Indians, and bears have not Set been dissipated, and it is said that these samej impressions can be found in the very capital of] Canada. Yet Western Canada represents to-day m the greatest, the most secure, and the most promising sanctuary in the world for the hundreds of thousands of people ravaged through wars and social disturbances; but they can never be an asset to Canada if they are, so to speak, thrown into the country and left to sink or swim, as has been the previous policy in connection with immigration. It is well to remember that we have in Western Canada railways sufficiently extensive for a popu lation of twenty to thirty millions of^ people. These railways are, as said before, touching thou- gauds of acres of the most fertile land existing, and we have, if not a very high, then at least a fdrly permanent, market for all farm produce. Final! / there are in many countries large capitals awaiting opportunities for investment, ^ as well as a steady growing demand for immigration. What Might be Done. Settlement in the future might be attempted alor-" the following lines: — Agricultural qualifications of a prospective Bottler should bo inquired into as well as his character. Settlements of as'large colonies aa possible felioL.! I be encouraged. « A. land pool should be formed by the owners of j land, backed by the Canadian and European Gov- j ernments which should finance the individual family to the extent of $3000.00 to $4000.00, expended a_ follows: — Land, about... «.. ... ..« ... .«. $1600.00 3 horses ... ... ... ... .„, ... «... ... ... ... 250.00. 4 cows ... ... ... .. 120.00 2 sows ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..p ... ...... 40.00 One-quarter of a full line of machinery ... ... 250.00 Buildings .. ... ... ... 500.00 Breaking (compulsory) at least 50 acres, estimated at $300.00 to $600.00 To each settlement there should invariably be uttached a small experimental farm of 160 acres, under supervision of an instructor for the guidance in tho Canadian way of farming, and also in and drift to town, and in many cases to the U.S.A., larger settlements, a market expert. &n& that is the absolutely deplorable state of the t pfi8rtn ni <__1__frr Sfitlpinpnt buildings—both dwelling and other buildings on Lesson oi boimer settlement. ^ ^^ We have as yet very {eW far^s with The financial risk involved in the above plan homes, and until the people are determined to will naturally be the deciding factor, and as a make themselves suitable homes, we cannot hope comparison, the Soldier Settlement plan can well to retain a permanent population be pointed out. This scheme ma* not have worked J^ a f^^^^^t JSSff^ as well as one could have wished it to do, but trees at tho pubiic expense I will venture to say that it undoubtedly ex- If Canada as a whole has any confidence in the ceeded the most optimistic expectations. Under Wegt it s}lou]({ \2Q possible to settle people here the Soldier Settlement Scheme only 18 Per pemianentiy now when prices on Jand and live cent. of the total soldier ^ settlers who J^ are at the jQwest ebb What are the true conditions confronting the Total ... ... ... ... $3200.00 The buildings for such settlements should be obtained from Government timber reserves, and the material should be produced by the men of the new settlement under the supervision of experienced lumbermen. Four families on each section of land should share one full line of machinery and the men should be brought out one-half to one year ahead of the rest of the family so as to break the land and build the homes. Allowing a total expenditure for the settlement of each family, including land, amounting to 700, it will be seen that an individual settler could undertake the repayment of this amount in at least twenty years, and undoubtedly in many cases is far less time," for the farmer's gross income per annum should range between 1100 and 1200 dollars, made up as follows-™ On account of cows ... .. ... ... ... ... $300.00 Potatoes and other garden produce ... 100.00 Fattening of 20 pigs (300.00) Poultry ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30.00 On grain of all kinds grown on 50 •es ... ... ... ... .:. ... ... ..• ... ... ... 700.00 ■ $1130.0& ins. which must be charged:— faxes ... ... ».? ... ..:. .... ... ... , .... ^ $50.00. interest on Capital ... ... ... „, ... ... ... 210.00 Living expenses •„__, ... ... ... ... 500.00 $760.00 This leaves a surplus of $370.00, provided that experience and care are exercised in the picking nf the new settlei and the land. have been granted loans deserted their land, and surely there would be all good reasons to expect a far smaller percentage of failures fi immigrant under the above settlement plan. In the first Canada " place, the new settlers would be willing, bona- ' w fide farmers, anxious to establish themselves and their families on the land, and look upon the moral obligations from an entirely different angle than ■that" o- the soldier settlers, and the compulsory breaking of 50 acres would insure the stability of the plan. During the first four to five years they, as well as their equipments, would be under constant super vision. They would be willing to work and learn They would "not, like immigiants in the past, have to pay dearly for .heir lack of experience in a new country, nor would thsy feel the strangeness of the new country, for they would be grouped together, and from the beginning they would appreciate the importance of laying a foundation of the future home, not as intruders upon foreign soil, but as trusted citizens of the Canadian nation. It is no longer the adventurer the speculator, and the happy-go-lucky who are anxious to leave Europe, because for all of these people Europe today is a much happier hunting ground than ever Canada was; but it is the financially embarrassed and conscientious breadwinner, who is longing to' g > to some place where he can follow his pursuit in peace and security, and where there is ample room for him. I have no doubt that the moral side of the risk ©an be established to the advantage of this scheme, and as to the economical risk, the position is very much this, that owners of vacant land have long since tired of. paying taxes with no certainty that they would have an opportunity to dispose of their holdings in the near future, and the great majority would undoubtedly be satisfied were they to get their outlays back. Individually these owners could not begin to develop the land nor to sell it, because the customs of the country simply do not lend themselves to successful farming by proxy. Their present circumstances could be greatly improved if they were to pool the land, and sell it on long terms to future owners, whom they could gradually assist in improving it, so as to enable them to make the ye.rly payments. The Opportune Time, When any goods and chattels, indispensable in daily life, go down in price, no one seems to want them. That has always been found to be the proper time to acquire them, and I would submit that it will be a long while before land and livestock can again be bought at the present insignifi- i cant prices. So, from an investment point of view, j the plan has these good features. F_*om a settler's j point of view it would mean saving a great deal of money, hard labour, and time, as it cannot be denied that the present credit system in the West for homesteaders and small farmers hardly meets the financial qualifications of the borrowers, of whom but a very few can successfully pay as high a rate of interest as 8 per cent, to 10 per. cent. Under the above plan the immediate expenditure would be heavier than merely assisting the people ;,. with the steamship and railway fare to Western Canada, but the new-comers would the following year become producing citizens, and an asset to the locai municipality, and a national benefit to the country. It is very doubtful if this can be said about the average homesteaders during their first four years or more, in which time they are, as pointed out before, in some respects the cause of too heavy expenditures in regard to schools and local improvements. There is no doubt that if the big owners of land would group together and finance an undertaking of this kind, that it could be most successfully carried out (and assistance obtained from Overseas Government), with great benefits to themselves and to the country at large. In order to ensure a market for the produce there should be built, creameries, with small storage plants for root, fruit, and eggs, for co-operative selling. __ without means to day in Western j Uncertain employment from May to November, with no work from November to May, in which time the immigrant must necessarily spend the summer's earnings for his mere er*« tenco or buy a railway fare to the nearest i_i-TX or more frequently to a olace in the U.S.A. The immense resources of Western Canada are ' to-day idle and relaxed like the muscles of an overgrown child, too vast to be forceful. Free anq! great might seem the people's life, boundless as the prairie their vision, yet farther still reaches the possible destination of the West. Have the people in Eastern Canada and Great Britain the proper appreciation of the paramount importance of the continued development of this vast land, situate not in some obscure corner of the world, but within a stone's-throw of history's most spectacular nation—a nation of some one hundred and twenty million people? Canada needs immigrants to-day as never before, to take care, not of wilderness, but of costly and great improvements.—A. J Hansen. C WHEN THE HEBRIDEANS ARRIVED IN EDMONTON \ Above:* Group of Hebridean settlers photographed as they detrained at^the C. P. R. station on Friday evening after their fortnight's journey from the Hebridean Islands. Many of .the settlers are young people, and children. To the right the Highlands Pipers, who played as the train drew into the station. Below: Peter McNeill, veteran of the party, with his baby grandchild in: his arm. To the left of the picture is his daughter-in-iaw, Mrs, Kate McNei!lr mother of the baby. Several of the family groups included grandchildren. THE EDUONTON BULLETIN. Oct. l8th., !_.__ ° O L SCOT BELIEVES CANADA'S PLANS ON IMMIGRATION ARE OUT OF DATE Shipping Agent Scores ths "Land of Milk and Honey" Idea TRUTH REQUIRED HE DECLARES Facts Will Bring More Im migrants Than Overdrawn Pictures George Mackay, senior partner of the shipping- firm of Mackay Brothers' of Edinburgh, Scotland, is touring: the Dominion obtaining first hand facts regarding- immigration matters here, and on the whole he has nothing very flattering to say regarding what has been assoni.pl is lied by the Dominion in the past. Mr Mackay states quite frankly that he is not interested in immigration here from the Imperial or colonization ideas; what he wants to> do is to sell tickets to people coming from the old country, and it is his contention that it is better business for the Dominion and for himself 10 have one settler arrive and stay, rather than ten come to Canada and go back to -Scotland disappointed. Misrepresentation Maokay Brothers have offices in the various large Scottish cities and they handle the passenger traffic for five of the steamship lines, hence they are virtually interested in -emigrants and immigration, and Mr Mackay deplores tlie misrepresentation regarding Canada which Is broaa aisted in the old counuy. i visitor states that in his opinion iui too-much prominence is given iu l>,\ • "one crop farm homos' and ti ! alluring pictures which show tlio ip j migrant rising from poye ty tu .* I fluence in a few years. If the ]., I tending settler wen. shown the u.a... ! side of the picture and had it e> plained to him that Canada is u i land of free "milk and honey " ! that success can be achieved oy j hard work and thrift coupled with the hardships which may always .t j expected in a new country it would attract mo.e people to Canada: they would know what to expect anai j would not be disappointed. There is far too much propaganda spread about how easily a fortune is ! made in Canada, says Mr Mackay., j but he recognizes the fact that thy j Dominion is sound, and if our im- i migration system werp based more* ' on ordinary every day facts the re- : suit would he that we should get a '. considerable influx of hard-head...'. Soots, who at present heartily doubt • the stories and pictures which are broadcasted for their edification. Valuable Wires Mr Mackay was very much interested in what is {being done here to retain "the British harvesters in Canada as permanent settlers, and he is taking back with him to Scotland a sheaf of telegrams which he proposes to exhibit as tangible and : documentary evidence. These wires > were sent by the various field super - : visors of the Soldier Settlement board to the Edmonton office during the campaign to find work for the British harvesters. They read "Have jobs arranged for ten more men" . and so on and were regarded by the I visitor as valuable data and far more \ effectual for creating an impression i in the old country than would-be the i issuance of thousands of elaborate i and costly folders. ^Laurels for S. S. B. So far as immigration methods go ; in Canada, Mr Mackay stated that ' the .Soldier Settlement board was the most workable organization with : which he had been in contact, and j what has been achieved by the board I in the settling of the Hebridean is- | landers and the Imperial veterans j appeared to appeal to him directly. He is now on the way back to Scot- j land and hopes to be able to arrange | matters leading up to an increased immigration of Scottish settlers. 1 "° THE EDMONTON JOURNAL. THINK HEBRIDEANS SHOULD STAY HOME THOUGH SUFFERING feq Glasgow Presbytery to Raise Funds to Help Them Out O (By Canadian Press Cable) hONPON, Dec. 22.—For the relief of the people Who live in the Hebrides, a movement is on foot to raise a fund of. £25,000, and the Glasgow Presbytery has recommended that special collections be taken among all the Presbyterian congregations to assist the Hebrideans, who have serious di;culty in getting a living since the fishing industry has fallen away. Some members of the Glasgow, Presbytery are protesting against the idea that emigration of the Hebrideans is the principal remedy for their present economic troubles. They' declare that Scotland already is receiving alien, inferior races, to the detriment of the native population, and to encourage emigration would only add to the influx of aliens. In one place in the Isle of Lewis. Hebrides, 4,000 persons are living within an area of two square miles. O THE __D_.ONTON J OUHI.AL. O INVESTIGATION NEEDED 'Alberta's new residents from the Hebrides Islands are said to be not altogether satisfied with the treatment they have received, and are inclined to think that there is a difference between the conditions as represented to them and the conditions as they exist It is not uncomm'on for a new -comer to any strange country to find that the reality does not in all respects coincide with the impression he had formed and brought with him. All the same, these complaints should be looked into promptly and carefully by officials of the immigration department, and full and ample justice done to these settlers. If things have been mis-represented to them they will have to be compensated in some way by somebody. Canada is a good enough country for anyone, without having its conditions and opportunities exaggerated in the hope of drawing immigrants; and to permit that is about the surest way to neutralize immigration effort and waste the public money spent on it. The Dominion government would not of course be a party to such mis-representation, and it cannot afford to allow other parties to bring people here by such means. o HOMESTEAD LAND SHOULD BE GIVEN lOHEBRIDEANSJS HOADLETS BELIEF Minister of Agriculture Visits New Settlers at Red Deer; Urges They Ask for Homesteads F UQ PROVISION IS MADE FOB THEM BY OTTAWA They-Should Be "Provided.with Land So They Will Have Foods lo Buy Stock, Implements (Special to. The Albertan) ■P^D DTQEfR, May 22.-—"If suitable homestead land can he procured for then., not a dollar in money should the settlers from the Hebrides be asked to pay in purchase price of land. Their financial resources are not great. What money they have should be applied on the purchase of the stock and equipment they will need. There should be an effort to obtain for the colony a block of homestead land, which will enable them to settle down as a community and to establish themselves upon the soil at a low initial cost." In this strain spoke George Hoadley, minister of agriculture for the province, following- a visit to the colony of recently arrived Hebridians, west of Red Deer, on Friday last, when he expended to them an official welcome on behalf of the government of the province. iMr... Hoadley. met and shook hands with a number of the men of the colony, and held an interview with Rev. Father MacMillan, who came from the old land with the new- settlers and will stay with .e years. .The minister c :? was accom panied during " >y G. W. Smith, memjber of the legislature for the Red Deer district. Fodder Crops This Year The colony is located for the present at the old Indian industrial school, Six miles west of Red Deer, which the Dominion government has placed at their disposal until such time as they\ become located on the land. There are 164 people in the party, comprising some forty or fifty families, sturdy, red-haired, ruddy-cheeked children, strong looking men and women. It is the intention to have some 5 acres or more of the industrial school farm put into fodder crops this summer, so that the (members of the colony will have feed for such stock as they may {purchase this summer, prior to going onto farms of their own. During his interview with Father MacMillan, ____r. Hoadley bespoke the success of the coiony, and said he believed the province would be greatly benefitted by their presence. "Their inherent industry, honesty and frugality should win them success without question,*' declared the minister. More Coming "If these peopile are successful In this new land," stated Father MacMillan, "1 can guarantee that there will he from four to five thousand more coming to Alberta within the next four years." Mr. Hoadley placed at the disposal of the colony the advice of the experts of his department, in aiding the new settlers to become adapted to the methods of farming in the new land. In conservation with Father MacMillan, Mr. Hoadley impressed upon him the importance of getting free land if atj all .possible. -'_^aT^aU° (Continued on Page ^0\\®^^ \ a_iO foi er; 'W_ De fOT S1J sh tc. F Ca ve m< ni, la of on Li ca th Tide af th to any rate, what money these people have should be reserved for the purchase of equipment and stock, and not paid out for land." This sentiment was echoed by Mr. Smith, the local member, and received enthusiastically by Father MacMillan, who expressed the hope that this wish could be carried out. Suited in Communities "■Generally speaking," said Mr. Hoadley, "1 am against the settlement of newcomers in communities, because we have had so many-of other races settling in colonies, that it has been difficult to assimilate them. But these people are different. They are the best of British subjects,-merely transplanted from the mother soil, and as a community among themselves, . they are self-contained. The Hebridians have become this through the centuries by the very nature of their homeland. We have already in Canada a striking example of the success of the settlement of Scottish people in communities in the Glengarry colony of Ontario. By their financial success and the preservation of the most admirable qualities of the Scottish race, the people of Glengarry have furnished one of the most remarkable examples in the world j of the success of community coloniza- | tion. Mr. Hoadley also touched on a new possibility which opens up for the newcomers in an industrial way. This is the manufacture of homespun cloth, for which the people of the Hebrides have always been famous. "There is a great demand in this country for this cloth, the real homespun, or as we know it, the Harris tweed," said Mr. Hoadley. "These people have right among themselves the means of furnishing a cash revenue that will assist them in (becoming rapidly established. That is another reason I should like to see them settled as a colony." Father MacMillan concurred in this idea and said the industry should T_e successful. "Every woman and girl inj our party is an adept at the spinning wheel and the loom," he said. There are two or three looms and several spinning wheels in the colony. Following his return to Edmonton, Mr. Hoadley proceeded to take up with the proper authorities the matter of securing a large block of homestead land for the newcomers. He believes the Hebridians will make some of the finest settlers in the province if they became established under encfc.urag.ing1 conditions. TM'r. Hoadley is also endeavoring to secure the services of an expert in the building of log structures for the benefit of the newcomers. His idea is that if the land for the colony in selected this summer good substantial dog houses and structures for stock can be built and some breaking done, the colony could winter at Red Deer and move onto their own land early in the spring, with everything in readiness for them, !ne G. eld ity ee, lat It ee, .nt ity HOMESTEAD LAND SHOULD BE GIVEN TO eiEINS (Continued from Page One) "Not a dollar should they be called on to pay for land, if homestead land can be procured," he said. "There-. should be an endeavor to locate these fine settlers in, a community on some large Mock of homestead land. I am sure the people of Red Deer district will view this matter from a broad provincial standpoint. It7 wiill not be possible to secure a sufficiently large block of land in this district, as homesteads, but there are other fine districts were lands can be secured, At r <? STniO-TTON JOU..HAL - NOV. 20th, 1923. o The Toronto . Globe is much im- j pressed with what the soldier settle- merit board has accomplished in giving a good start to the people from the Hebrides who came to Alberta in the spring and expects that the j board's achievement will result in it*, j being linked up with the British j bureau that is charged with t\\e administration of the empire settlement act. lit the successful results of this experiment are given proper publicity, they should, in the Globe's opinion, be the means of inducing a large movement of the best kind of settlers from the Old Land. There is no question that through the board's efforts the way. has been shown to a new and better system of colonization from which the country will benefit to an extent which was not possible under the old haphazard THE __D__ONTO__ BULLETIN - NOV. 9, 1923, / O Hebrideans Progressing I* } • : ======== F~ - Islanders1 Crops Threshed Well—New Settlers Secure for the Winter "Slow and sure" is apparently tru* 'motto otf the Hebridean settlers in Alberta, according to reports receH ed by the Soldier Settlement boar J here. But not so «low at th'_.t i Though the new settlers did not gM j on the ground until very Iato an 1 i the majority of the crops were no* I in the ground ttfefore June 1st, mans of them have threshed out wheat running 'better than forty bushe/ls to the acre while some have had sixty acres of land seeded this year. Th^ have been carefully husbanded by the field supervisors of the S.S.B, which may account in part for their success, and in the reports t_mder.fid to Major H. Gordon, superin.eudem of the Edmonton district, the only complaint voiced is that they ar) slow—but very sure. Hunting Jobs With the conclusion of their farm work the local office has, received inquiries from, many of the men. i'4 respect to the. securing of winter jobs and all are keenly anxious on this score, 'but their troubles were soo.i ended with the promise of unlimited fishing on the northern lakes. Tn addition many of the men went ous+ to work for neighbors Immediately I their crop was in the gronnd; they i are net scattering any of their mon >y I away of. frivolities, and all the mem- I bers of the various colonies have no fear as to their outlook for the winter season. As a result of the shepherding of 1 the S.S.B. 'supervisors, the islanders, who never before indulged in anything more exciting than plodding along with a single horse and a two- wheeled cart, now draw the lin^s over the backs of a "four-up" with the utmost sangfroid, a three-horse hitch is no longer a mystery and the Canadian cook stoves are voted "the thing" in contrast to the smoky open fires of Uiist and Barra. "Come to Canada" Already there is a long list of relatives drawn up who are to he sent for from the northern islands Some of the letters which go horn.- are pathetic,, some carrying the p;hra.sing peculiar to the north. " 1 uchd De e 'Thighdnn (for the love of God) gome to Canada," Wtt.'s one. "I was too long in corning,'* &aid another. "I sihould have been here long ago. If we had been he^j eix years ago; we would have been ! independent today." And so it go ;_i. What the Hebridean have accomplished this year is evidenced b7 files taken at random from the archives of the S.S.B. here: Alexander Campbell, farming at Westlock, is industrious and capable as is proved hy the fact that he has th-rty-five acres broken this year, eight acres in crop, four coiws, a team of horses,' pigs, chickens and farm machinery. He has a good heln- mate in _. is wife, who in addition to her household duties has helped him in clearing land for the plow.. Anigus Macintyre, who lives in the \ same vicinity, put fifty-five acres hi I crop, even with such a late start I broken five more and has the usual stock and equipment necessary tt) 160 acres. Archibald Mac__.eed on hits farm at Ohalton had sixty acres of crop thp* year. He has a hard working family and is slated tor prosperity. I_lkes the Indians Alexander Morrison selected a S.S ( B. farm on the Battle river east of Wetaskiwin. He is close to the In dian reserve and says that the firs: ; Lords of the Plain make fine neighbors. He had seventy-five acres un der crop and 'bumper returns. Roland McPhee has twenty-fiv? acres dn crop. High McPhee on almost fhe next farm in Ohaton ha'. : broken forty acres. Another TJiiSt | man, Gilbert MacLellan, whr> *v«* ; been farming all his life on the i«- j lands, has forty-five acres in crop. Neil McNeil, another farmer at Westlock who came front Barra witn three grown-up sons, was a seaman and fisherman in hits native islands \ But he had the land hunger of th* Hehrideans and 'bought a che-ip half-section from the S.S.B. He has enough land to provide the famttv with a living while the (balance *s being cleared. He and Ms family will surely succeed. As will also Donald McPherson at Ohaton, where he started farming with three little daughters. His wif * « and four other children aire now j leaving their old home in the island* j to join him. and with such a band j of workers he is bound to succeed. Work, Work, Work! Questioned hy Tlie Bulletin as to the most outstanding feature of the Hebridean character, Major Gondoa replied, "Work." They have no ..- lusiions as to easy money and ,%ott living, and judging by their press*)c record, Father McDonnell's proteges are some of the best settlers which have arrived on these shores fo" many moons. **# THE _j____ONTO_. BULLETIN - JULY 26, 1924. Q> V*^ ■ V <£> c. P* O __'<* ^ c. gOc. w «> S p. ** +3-: 3 jg § 3 o -So _ o2 3, g B . 3 c 5 -2 fi° s?" *c. . fi ol 10 fi 2 -2 Tc < o fi PARK WILL SEND FARMERS HERE Exeter Man Has Much Praise For Working Of Land Settlement Board MUST APPLY FOR THEM "You Want Them; They Want To Come, But Hitch Somewhere," He Says "You people here in Canada say you want the Dominion peopled with British stock, and the cry on all sides is for properly qualified farm laborers. In England we have many hundreds of . skilled agricultural helpers, who would be willing to | come to Canada. The British govern- i ment has set aside the sum of seven land a half million pounds sterling | to take these people to the Dornin- i ions. Still they do not arrive. They pwant to go, you-want them, and it I is apparent that there is something very much amiss somewhere." So said W. ■_=_,'■ Park of Exeter, England, in an interview with The Bul- lettin yesterday. He says further that, in so far as Devon and Cornwall are concerned, those who desire to emigrate to Canada are men and women who have been bred on farms and who know no other occupation. They have been accustomed to mixed farming" and dairying such as is in vogue in Northern Alberta, and in the visitor's opinion they would "fit in" admirably with the conditions here. Should Utilize Branch "It is an astonishing thing to me.'* he said, "with an organization here such as the Dand Settlement Branch, that it's services are not more widely utilized by the government. I consider that this department is a particularly efficient one; it has achieved remarkable results with what settlers have been sent through and I am confident that our people from Devon and Cornwall would be in good hands if they were placed by the branch in the same manner as the Hebrideans, the Czecho-Slo- vaks and the people of other nationalities." So much was the visitor struck with the operations of this organization that after visiting Jasper on his way back to England from Vancouver, he returned to Edmonton to make a thorough investigation of the schemes followed in this district, and as a result hopes to send out farm laborers from the west of England to. be placed by the Land Settlement Branch. "In other parts of the Dominion I found the auth- i orjties more or less apathetic in regard to the settlement of British people. The reverse is true here, . however, and for some reason the general feeling towards this ques- j tion seems very much more acute in the Edmonton district," he as» S serts. "'Government-. Must Apply. According to Mr. Park the hitch in transferring the farming folk without farms to agricultural areas in Alberta which require them is not the fault of the Old Country authorities. They have set aside a vas. sum of money to pay the emigrants' passages to the Dominion, but it is necessary for the Canadian government to apply for the Britishers. This has not been and is not being done, he says. He says further that there is no. haphazard shipping out of undesirables from the Old Country, citing , j the care exercised with the emi- i grants to Australia. First they are j got in . touch with in the country, j then brought to the city where they j go before an examining committee | i of responsible citizens, next passing I I to a doctor. When this is completed I \ the Australian government agents j take the matter over and the set- f tiers destined for the south are once j more examined in every way. Australia Gets Choice. "By this means the Australian ' governments are getting the pick ! of the British agricultural element, and why Canada does not avail herself of the opportunity is a mystery to more people than , myself," he said. "Canada has never put forward any scheme that it was possible for us in the old country to work upon; no Canadian Government agents in the United Kingdom appear to have any idea of what is being done in the West for immigrants, and as far as can be visualized an impasse has been reached. However, I am hopeful that something will be done as the farm people you want here in Alberta are to be had in England, but you will have to do something as well as us if you want this prov- ; ince populated by British stock in- j stead of foreigners," he said in con-j elusion. -_**. > (^dr.. / f _l y. o r If March 10, 1924 THE FARM AND RANCH REVIEW EMPLOYMENT The Vicissitudes of Pioneering A S£E5I^ Life History of an English Immigrant ^ ^m near, and we boti A SPECTER, a ghost stands upright in every English land and highway, even in this advanced age. Its arms are swinging and its tattered clothes are flapping in the wind. Its purpose is to intimidate and keep in poverty and hopelessness, the thousands of sturdy English people who should come to Canada to find homes for themselves and their posterity. This old, unreal and imaginary ghost which stands there flapping its rags, is the Ghost of Fear, the old Hag which moans and howls of the imaginary hardships in this far-away land. Thousands of worthy and well-meaning English families would come to Canada to-day, to settle and make homes for themselves, were it not for the fear of hardships, which are mostly unreal and imaginary, in this age of comfortable travel and civilized conditions. In order to help tear down this old scarecrow of fear, which croaks and flaps its sombre wings in the face of land hungry English farmers, who are looking longingly toward Western Canada, I am telling the genuine life-story of an English immigrant girl who came to Western Canada over twenty years ago, under conditions of settlement far more trying than those of today, and who faced those pioneer conditions bravely and who to-day stands as an example of the finest kind of success in Alberta farm life. Not one word of fiction will I write into this woman's story for the readers of " The Farm and Ranch Review." Every word of this story is truth. And I think the truth of such brave adventures in Western Canada is far more fascinating and inspiring than the most thrilling brand of romance and fiction. The name of the English immigrant girl I withhold, at her own request. But any reader may get in direct touch with her by writing me. She Is a genuine character of life, not a creature of my imagination, and I will tell, in my own language, her fascinating story. " I was born in Rochdale, Lancashire, the home and heart of the English Cooperative systems. My father was an engineer in a cotton spinning mill. Our family consisted of three boys and four girls, one girl having died in infancy; six of us remained to swell the population of Canada. " We lived in very much the same conditions in Rochdale as the families of other mill operatives lived. Sometimes there was plenty for all. Sometimes there was scarcity of work, and consequent scarcity of money. There was very seldom, if ever, a surplus. So we all worked. I became a dressmaker's apprentice at the age of 13, working from 8 o'clock in the morning until 8 o'clock at night, for absolutely no pay for the first two years, except a small present at Christmas from my employer, and, necessarily, boarded at home. After working two full years for nothing, I then worked one year for the magnificent salary of six shillings a week— about $1.40 Canadian money. " During my third year with the dressmaker, my brother, then twenty-one years of age, who had learned the trade of electrician, came to Moose Jaw, in March, 1903. In March, 1904, my eldest sister, who had served an apprenticeship in a confectioner's shop in Rochdale, and myself, sailed from Liverpool for Canada, on the old Tunisian. We were eighteen days on the stormy Atlantic and arrived at Halifax on a blizzardy March day, sick and tired, lonesome, to face the 2,000 miles by colonist car, into the far heart of the western prairie. " The immigration building at Halifax was crowded to the doors with men, women and children, on the same wonderful adventure as ourselves, but we, being alone, young and inexperienced, suffered untold pangs of homesickness, yearning and discouragement, but as I remember, we never once wished to return to Lancashire, to take up life in the old ruts. We had set out on a magnificent career, two lonesome English girls, with colonist tickets, to Moose Jaw, Assinihoia, which then seemed a dream-city in some land of enchantment. " The colonist cars of those days were inhospitable, uncomfortable affairs. The seats were of wooden slats, and sometimes the car was so hot that our butter melted in our lunch kit; sometimes so cold that we almost froze in our scanty wraps. The windows were frosted over completely, Life History of an English Immigrant Girl in Canada By Bert Huffman so we did not see much of the country, except on going on the platforms at stations. The glaring white wilderness of snow, after out soft, verdant landscapes in England, almost blinded us. " We had brought a spirit lamp from home with which to boil our water for tea, but our spirits were exhausted long before we reached Winnipeg, so we had to run to the engine to beg hot water for tea, and we replenished our scanty supply of provisions at different stations, where we could find such eatables as our dwindling purse would justify. 11 At night we spread out our extra rug, coats and clothing on those bare, unyielding board slats, wrapped up in our clothing as comfortably as possible, and tried to sleep; the men in one end of the car and the women in the other end. The car was full on leaving Halifax, but as the families left the train a+ different stations, their destinations in the" wilderness, our crowd diminished from day to day, until at last from Indian Head to Moose Jaw, my sister and myself were the only passengers left in the car. " Our last night in the old colonist car was passed in utter darkness, as something had happened to the smoky old " Spring came, the snow disappeared, the sloughs filled up, the gophers whistled around our shack, and gradually the vast prairie took on a tinge of green. Our brother did not have steady work, but did electrical work by odd jobs, and we were often short of cash, but unlike old country customs where we had always paid cash for everything, here in this wonderful new world, every workingman had credit at the grocery store, butcher shop and dry goods store. " At the butcher shop, we could buy the entire liver of a full-grown beef for five cents, and this was meat supply for our entire little group for a week—fried liver and onions for breakfast, liver hash for dinner and ground up liver with onions, 1 Yorkshire duck,' for supper. Our entire lors living near, and we both gradually became acquainted with most of the people in Moose Jaw, as the population was small at that time. As there were not many single girls and women in the countrv^hen, my sister, who was then about twenty- three years of age, and a very attractive type of rosy English girl, received many attentions from the gay young bachelors, both in the country and village, some of the country beaux walking in for miles to spend Sunday afternoon at our shack. " My first trip to the country was to the farm of Alex Wilson, a homesteader, living with his family a few miles north of Moose Jaw. There I became familiar with cows, horses, pigs, and poultry for the first time in my life, and there had my first ride on horseback. " Owing to the fact that many of the residents of Moose Jaw and farmers in the surrounding country used water from the sloughs, there was an epidemic of typhoid in 1904, and we saw many of our friends buried out in the little cemetery beyond our shack. lamps, and no one bothered about fixing them. There never had been light enough to read by, at night, so the crowd sang all the old songs they knew, and passed the time in mock vivacity which covered a terrible homesickness just under the skin. " At Whitewood station, our train was stalled by a blizzard and a frozen-up engine for twenty-three hours. It was bitter cold and the C.P.R. took our entire party to a restaurant for a good, warm dinner, which we earned by wading through snow drifts waist deep. We were invited by the same hospitable host to have other meals at the restaurant, but it was so very cold and disagreeable out- wT?t^ht out on the pratrle, halfway to the Cemetery. well program of recreation for the first few " We had a village band, and I side that we all decided to eat our sacnty months consisted in drowning out gophers remember its performance on the occasion fare in the car rather than face the howling on the prairie, attending funerals, and goal of the laying of the cornerstone of the gen- wind outside.^ keeping for the football team where there eral hospital that year. There were but On arriving at Moose Jaw, our train were not enough men to make up the en- half a dozen instruments, and the players was three full days late, and my brother tire team. all being workingmen and business men had become weary of waiting at the station " My first work in Canada was in going did not take much time to practice. So it for our arrival, so when we arrived at that from home to home among the families of was with great difficulty and many halting wonderful dream city about four o'clock the railroad men, sewing. The wages and awkward blunders that it plowed were $1.50 per day, and board at home, through the national anthem at the begin- besides waiting until 'pay-day' for my ning of the program. money. Even on pay-day, only a small " Alex Wilson, our farmer friend, was portion of my wages would be paid, and there, and coming up to my sister and I, I would have to wait until another future he began bragging about the weather and trying to take our attention away from the a full musical program. Pointing to the clear that April morning, in 1904, he was sound asleep in his shack more than a mile distant from the C.P.R. station. But he had arranged with a boy friend to re-lay his waiting for our train, so this boy gave us as warm and cheerful a greeting as was pos- pay-day for a further installment, sible at that hour of the morning and under "I worked for one family for those conditions. month at $1.50 per day, and laid awake blue of the summer sky, he said to my sis- "The snow was so deep at the begin- at nights planning all the wonderful ter: "You would be a long time in the ning of April in that year, that it reached things I was going to do with this money. Old Country before seeing a sky like that,' right up to the eaves of the shakes in the I finally decided that I would buy a pony but my sister retorted: ' Yes, and you ' suburbs ' of Moose Jaw. Moose Jaw and saddle, as Indian ponies could then be would be a long time in the Old Country itself was then but a straggling railroad bought for about $20, each. And in my before you would hear a band play "God- village, and my brother, having bought a dreams I was already careering over the Save the King " like that.' lot during the preceding year and built a prairies leaving a streak of dust for miles " During the first summer and fall, my three-room shack, had gone out to the behind me. brother added four rooms to the shack, in very outer fringe of settlement, to make his "But when I finished work and left which both my sister and my self helped money go as far as possible, so we found that place, I was not paid one cent on my with the carpenter work. The packing ourselves right out in the prairie half way wages, but was put off until pay-day. On cases in which our goods came from the to the cemetery, with only one other the next pay-day, I was paid $5 on a bill Old Country were converted into cup- shack near us. He had no well, but melted of about $40.00, and it was a full year be- boards, sideboards, benches and ^ tables, snow water for drinking and cooking, fore the last two dollars of that lingering and real furniture was added, piece by The snow was so deep around the shack bill was paid. So I was disappointed in my piece, as we were able to buy, but it all that my brother had shovelled a narrow pony, and the only wild, dashing rides I seemed such play-house toys after the path down to the door, and I saw an entire ever too|c were in my dreams. heavy, massive furniture in our old home, funeral procession drive on the crusted *'While I was sewing from place to "We were so happy and contented in snow over the top of the cemetery gate, place, ray sister acted as housekeeper at our new house in Moose Jaw, and were during the first half of Apri. that year. our little Home, as well as for some bache- (Continued on page 45) AUTHOL shorthand learned in four EVENINGS. Full course seven dollars. Used everywhere. Sent on free trial. Particulars, Hollefreund's S. A. Instituce, Scratford, Ontario. 2255-5 FIREMEN, BRAKEMEN, all steam railroads; beginners, $200; later, as conductors, engineers. $300-$350 monthly. Write only (which position) ? Railway Association, Box 230, Farm and Ranch Review. 2298-6 BIG CLEAN PROFITS.—Initials and gold monograms for automobiles. Exclusive line. Samples and particulars free. National Monogram Company, Suite L, Coronation Building, Montreal Canada. -••' « 2289-5 AGENTS W ANTED—To sell lumber and building material in carload lots direct from mill to consumer. Write immediately for proposition, giving territory you can handle. Good commission to right parties. Advertisers, 61 Province Bldg. Vancouver, B. C. 1805-5 AGENTS WANTED to sell Honley Mills Men's tailored to measure suits and top coats. Only the best of imported woolens used, satisfaction guaranteed. Good Commission; experience unnecessary. Honley Mills Tailoring Co., 110 Church Street, Toronto. 1933-t.f. FREE \ARN-We will send absolutely FREE $6 worth of our high-grade knitting wool for a few small services you can do for us at your own home. Positively no canvassing. _ Send stamped, addressed envelope for full information at once Canadian Distributing Co., Orillia, Ont., Canada . 2152-7 AGENTS TO SELL DR. BOVEL'S TOILET SOAP, TOILET ARTICLES, etc. We sell to you at a price that allows you to make 100 per cent, profit. Our goods have been sold through agents for twenty years and are well known and in great demand all over Canada. Write to-day for particulars and territory. Bovel Manufacturing Co., Dept. 2, Toronto. 2239-t.f. AGENTS TO SELL DONALD A KNITTING YARN SUITABLE FOR MACHINE OR HAND KNITTING. We are the largest Yarn mail-order house in Canada, and can give you lowest prices. We allow you to make a profit of from 80c. to 95c. per pound on the sale of our yarn. We furnish your customers with printed knitting instructions free. Write to-day for territory and sample card showing 38 shades of our Yarn. Donalda Mfg. Co., • Dept. 101 Toronto. 2240-t.f. MISCELLANEOUS LARGE BUNDLE REMNANTS patches, $1.50. tario. . $2; 5 lbs. quilt A. McCreery, Chatham, On- 1758-t.f. FOR THREE HILLS LUMP COAL IN CAR LOTS—Write Alex. McCullough & Sons, Ltd., Miners and Shippers, Calgary. 2262-8 SOMETHING TO READ — Twelve assorted magazines, $1.00, postpaid. Bookshop, 497 Portage Ave., Winnipeg. 2269-6 QUIT TOBACCO EASILY, inexpensively, with pleasant root. Send address. Norman Stokes, Mohawk, Florida. 2298-6 FORD TOURING—Good as new, only been used on city pavements; sacrifice* owner leaving country. Apply: Review. Bi ox 226, Farm and Ranch t.f. REAL HARRIS TWEED—Direct from the makers by post carriage paid. Patterns free on request. S. A. Newall & Sons, 28 Stornoway, Scotland. 1892-t.f. HEAVEN OR HELL—Swedenborg's great work on the life after death and a real world beyond. Over 400 pages. Only 25c. postpaid. C. H, Law, 486 Euclid Ave., Toronto. 1825-5 STvlTlONEY ON YOUR GROCERIES - Freight paid to your station. Write for our latest catalogue. It's free. Stores, Calgary, Alta. Frico (Grocery) 1925-t.f. TRAPPERS' ATTENTION—On receipt of $1.00 I will send you my new way of catching coyotes. Not the old way with traps or poison, but something new. Works astonishing. F. Visscher, 34-35 Norton Ave., Everett, Wash., U. S. A. 2078-5 WINNIPEG RECORD EXCHANGE, exchanges used records twenty for dollar. New records for used ones. Records in twenty languages. Blue Amberols. Latest music below cost. Particulars catalogue other bargain records free. 2159-6 LOOK TO YOUR BREAD ! Ho-Mayde Bread Improver will give a finer, sweeter, larger loaf, which will not dry out so quickly; perfectly wholesome. Ask your grocer or send 15 cents for a package. C. & J. Jones, Lombard Street Winnipeg. 2319-10 PERSONAL IF YOU WISH A WEALTHY YOUNG WIFE write me. Violet Ray, Dennison, Ohio. 2113-t.f. MATRIMONIAL MAGAZINE,photos, addresses 25c. A. McCreery, Chatham, Ont. 1758-t.f. CATHOLICS WISHING TO MARRY, wanting introductions, write C. C. Club, Grand Rapids, Mich. 2255-5 BRITISH GIRLS desire Canadian correspondents, Proposition 10c. Faclare, 16 Cambridge St., London, S. W., England. 2298-14 WOULD YOU MARRY IF SUITED ? Best matrimonial paper published. CORRESPOND- ENTToledo, Ohio. 2298-9 SWEETHEARTS' CORRESPONDENCE CLUB Send addressed envelope for proposal. Lillian Sproul, Station H., Cleveland, Ohio. 2113-t.f. WEALTHY, PRETTY, AFFECTIONATE GIRL .would marry. Write enclosing envelope. Doris Dawn, South Euclid, Ohio. 2113-t.f. MARRY WEALTH—Largest, most successful, quickest results. Hundreds rich. Descriptions FREE. Mrs. Budd, Box 753, San Francisco, Calif. 2235-6 MARRY—Introductions throughout Canada. Established 18 years; 2,000 testimonials. Enclose 25c. for sealed literature. Ford-Simmons, 671 Rathgar Ave., Winnipeg. 2055-t.f. When Writing Advertisers Kindly Mention The Review ^f VICISSITUDES OF PIONEERING (Continued from page 9) all three working so steadily and saving so much money compared with what we had been able to save in the Old Country, that it was decided that father, mother and the other three children should come out. So in the spring of 1905, we welcomed them into our wonderful new home in the outskirts of Moose Jaw, and it was a happy re-union with wonderful tales of pioneering and wonderful adventures from the three of us who had taken the daring leap in the dark, arid had broken away from the chains of servitude which had held our ancestors in their narrow and unprofitable occupations for ages, in the mills of Lancashire and the fogs of the Irish sea. " Upon completion of the general hospital, I joined the very first class, and began my three years' training as a nurse, and graduated at the end of that time, among Moose Jaw's first class of graduate nurses. W. E. Knowles, who is still a prominent citizen of Moose Jaw, gave us our diplomas in the graduating exercises which were held in the Presbyterian church. " My three year's training in the Moose Jaw general hospital gave me a wonderful insight into all phases of life in the prairie provinces, and has been a sustaining and helpful influence to me in all the succeeding years. I was the only Old Country member of the graduating class of nurses, and had been more or less handicapped by my inexperience, but by close attention to my duties, hard study and zealous adherence to my chosen profession, I had little difficulty in graduating with as high a standing as any of the class. " It all seemed like a romantic dream when I took home my little bit of parchment, as a diploma from the hospital, and now the great world seemed to lay before me with dazzling light. Within such a few years after leaving our old home in Lancashire, here I stood in the open doorway of life and womanhood, with my profession completed, my old cares and prejudices cast aside and forgotten, and the new world of Canadian life beckoning me in a friendly manner. I could now laugh at my seasickness and loneliness on that long voyage to Canada. The streets of Rochdale now seemed so narrow and cramped and winding, compared with the unending prairie which spread out from Moose Jaw in every direction. " With great hope and enthusiasm I looked forward to following my chosen profession, sharing the hardships of the pioneer doctors in the lonely homestead shacks of the prairies, doing my part in assuaging the sufferings of humanity and climbing to the very tip top of the profession as the wild country filled up with people and homes. "But there was a sly little wretch laying in wait upon my pathway that I had not reckoned with. Within a year from my graduation, cupid captured me. I surrendered my parchment diploma, my professional hopes, my high plans for the future to one of the hundreds of insistent bachelors of Moose Jaw, and turned my face from the operating room, the dispensary and the maternity ward to the more engaging and important operations in a farm kitchen. " After trying out fruit farming in British Columbia, we returned to the fascinating prairies and settled at Didsbury, where we landed with but fifty cents in cash, after having traded our small holding in British Columbia for a very small equity in a quarter section here. " How good and wholesome and beautiful the prairies looked again after a few months in a hot, stuffy, oppressive canyon in the alleged fruit district of Eastern British Columbia. Any kind of a shack here was heaven compared with the smoky canyons, the sulphurous fumes from smelters and the parching sun on the rives gravel which drank the irrigation water faster than ditches could deliver it. " Here our struggles began, but how cheerfully we met them, as we realized the wonderful prospect of a real home on the prairies. My husband was old country born, like myself, but had been out a few years less than I, so we were both enthusiastic and hopeful and worked hard, long hours on that new farm, economizing, planning, scheming, dreaming. The house was little better than a shed. The roof leaked, the walls let in the wind, the windows and doors were misfits, in their frames, and the rain poured down the sides of the stove-pipe into my potsjand pans. (O^Wt-J m fftrofltttmt EDMONTON, ALBERTA, SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1925 REGULATIONS FOR HELP OF SETTLERS Loans Not to Exceed $7,500 —Repayment 25 Years in OTTAWA, April 11.—Paginations for the settlement of the three thousand selected immigrant® who are 'being brought to Canada under the E#mpire Settlement act, have been made public today. They provide for the setting aside of land for the new settlers, tne allocation of the lands to the immigrants at a price to be fixed hy the independent advisory settlement committee for the district in which the farms are situated, and that all buildings on land vacated by soldier settlers shall he placed in good repair, in order to leave the farms ready for immediate occupation. The regulations set forth that the total advances of all descriptions to any immigrant, including the value of the land and the British advances, shall not exceed $7,500 in the ease of any one settler. The advances to settlers are to be re-paid in 25 equal annual payments, and the first instalment is due twelve months after the October following the date of his taking the land. The. rate of interest charged shall not exceed five per cent. E.,D.ANDB.C. NORT HBOUND TRAIN CROWDED influx of Settlers Is Now Apparent; Mennomtes I for Grande Prairie Evidence of the commencement of a big spring '"««* settlers is seen in the fact that Thursday's Dunvegan trailn to the north country was loaded bevond its passenger , capacity, EsitatingPthe addition of an extra coach and a baggage car. -"included among the group^of settlers traveling .northwaT<l were twenty-two Mennomtes f£m Dalmeny, Sask., on thmr way to form a new agricultural colony at Grande Prairie. A number of Irish <™'rt* were on board,.traveling to the Wembley district, where they The* W-f trade offices were also visited on Saturday morning by two Kentuckians who are looking around for farm lands in this section of the dominion. The immigrants from the southern states are experienced farmers, and intend go- ina on the land this spring. ^.._ 'm^^y^: Families for Canada The principle of family migration from Scotland does not extend only to the scheme operated directly by the Canadian Government, to which I re- ferred recently. It was adopted some time ago by the Scottish Immigrant; Aid Society, and, through the activities of that body, is likely to constitute an increasingly important aspect of the whole subject of Dominion settlement. It has now completed negotiations for the acquiring of some 30,000 acres of land in Central Alberta for the purpose of family settlement, the inten» lion beiug, I understand, to divide the huge area into farms of from 160 to 240 acres, according to the nature of the soil and the ability of the prospective tenant. In addition to land each settler will also, as the result.of a joint arrangement between the society and the Overseas Settlement Committee, be furnished with the necessary building, stock, and equipment, a period of 25 years being . allowed within which to repay sums advanced. As to the quality of the holding! there can be no doubt, for the greater part of the estate has been surveyed by officials of the Land Settlement Branch of the Canadian Department of Immigration and Colonisation. ?'Industryand Thrift" A further advantage which the settlers will enjoy will be the oppor-i tunity of availing themselves of the j services of the supervisors of this 'De-j partment, who are not only practical but | expert agriculturists. This fact alone | indicates truly that th@ primary objec-j tive of the society is not merely to pro- > vide employment to the immigrants, j but also to enable them to acquire j <sound experience and knowledge of 1 Canadian farming and local conditions, j thereby opening up to them the high road to success and self-improvement. Needless to say, the greatest care will be exercised in the selection of suitable families. Father Macdonall, a leading figure in the* movement, informs mej that, in this matter of picking and choosing, ^ applicants of the Crofting, I small holding, or farm labouring classes will be given preference—a specification which is further narrowed by the condition that the scheme shall include only those whose past record shows " industry, thrift, and the will to succeed." It may be added that the Alberta land has been purchased at bedrock price, and no profit is aimed at on the development of the scheme. I SCOTLAND'S TREATY RIGHTS IN THE BRITISH UNION Copy of the Petition forwarded to the Secretary of State for Scotland for the consideration of His Britannic Majesty's Ministers and the Departments concerned. nto <Et>e Singe ttloet Excellent Hlajeetv Qltyt fumble Petition of <lfyz Saint Andrew Society (£ondon) Vfyt Saint jRndrew Society (Glasgow) Most Humbly Sheweth 1. That upon the occasion of Your Majesty's happy Silver Jubilee the Societies named present their humble duty to Your Majesty, and pray that Your Majesty and our Gracious Queen may long be spared to reign over Your Majesty's wide-spread Empire and United Kingdom, including Your Royal Ancestors' historic Realm of Scotland, concerning which Article I of the Treaty of Union, 1707, provides :—" That the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England shall, upon the " First day of May next ensuing the date hereof, and for ever after, be united into "one Kingdom by the name of Great Britain, and that the ensigns armorial of the " said United Kingdom be such as Her Majesty shall appoint, and the Crosses of "St. Andrew and St. George be conjoined in such manner as Her Majesty shall " think fit, and used in all flags, banners, standards, and ensigns, both at sea and land. 2. In the course of Your Majesty's glorious reign, Your Majesty's loyal subjects in Scotland and their kinsmen throughout Your Majesty's Dominions Beyond the Seas, have loyally supported the glorious progress of Your Majesty's Empire. Nevertheless, Your Petitioners and many other Scotsmen view with apprehension the manner in which certain Departments of Your Majesty's Government have seen fit to disregard the provisions of the Treaty of Union of 1707, both in the letter and in the spirit, and have, both in British and in Imperial heraldic matters and in ceremonial, endeavoured to attribute what Your Petitioners humbly submit is an undue prominence to the traditions and symbolism of England, in place of treating the Realms of Scotland and England as equal partners in that Union. Sir Walter Scott, writing in 1826, observed upon this subject:— "There has arisen gradually, on the part of England ... a purpose to " abate us, like old Lear, of our train, and to accustom us to submit to petty " slights and mortifications, too petty perhaps individually to afford subject " of a serious complaint, but which, while they tend to lower us in our own " eyes, seem to lay the foundations of fresh usurpations. " It may be said that some of the grievances I have complained of are " mere trifles. I grant they are, excepting in the feelings and intentions " towards Scotland which they indicate, but, according to Bacon's maxim, " you will see how the wind sits by flinging up a feather. Affronts are "almost always more offensive than injuries, although they seldom in "themselves are more than trifles." To-day, as Your Petitioners will humbly shew, these affronts have grown more numerous. Whilst in purely economic matters Scotland may be receiving a measure of individual attention, nevertheless in matters concerning National Dignity, Ceremonial and, most important of all to Your Majesty's loyal subjects, those matters which concern Your Majesty as the Fountain of Honour and as Sovereign ; the Laws, Customs, Precedents and Rights of Scotland, even where particularly preserved by the Treaty of Union, are passively neglected, or openly and contemptuously disregarded by sundry Departments of Your Majesty's Government which, it appears to Your Petitioners, lose no opportunity of suppressing any allusion to Scotland or to its rights and share in the United Kingdom of Great Britanrand irrYour^ Merges ty VBritish Empire. 3. Matters of symbolism and tradition are subjects which have ever been of the greatest influence in controlling and directing the impulses of nations, and it is humbly submitted that, by the aforesaid Departments' neglect of, or aspersions upon, the equal status and national dignity of Scotland as an equal co-partner in the United Kingdom, nucleus of Your Majesty's Empire, widespread dissatisfaction, nay, resentment towards the policy, real or supposed, of such Departments, has been fostered, and that such action, inadvertent or otherwise, on the part of those to whom these Departments have been entrusted, needlessly fosters discontent which may in time bring bitterness in social and political spheres, even to the disturbance of the unity, concord, and happiness of Your Majesty's United Kingdom and Dominions Beyond the Seas. Unconstitutional use of the words 'England' and 'English' in British and Imperial affairs. 4. The words ' England' and ' English' or ' Anglo ' continue to be used, even officially, in place of ' Britain' and ' British' in a manner contrary to the Treaty of Union, and contrary to the practice which immediately followed it. The present extension of this improper use appears to be primarily the consequence of the unconstitutional terminology of historians such as Mr. J. R. Green and Professors Freeman and Seeley, to which must be added that of poets such as Mr. Rudyard Kipling in his widely circulated poem, ' What is the Flag of England ? Winds of the World Declare ! " which led to indignant literary retorts from Scots both at Home and in the Dominions. The practice—too usual in society and sections of the press—has unfortunately spread to official documents, wherein " England" and "the English Government" are used in place of Britannic terms, and Your Majesty is described as " King of England," Your Majesty's House as " the English Royal House," and Your Majesty's Sons as " Prince . . . of England,"—terminology which it is humbly represented is as contrary to ^the Treaty of Union as to the interests of Your Majesty's Royal House. It is humbly submitted whether all Your Majesty's Officials should be enjoined to see that the terms 'England' and 'English' and 'Anglo' be not used in such manner as to grieve Your Majesty's lieges beyond England, and it is humbly but happily recollected that, following the example of Your Majesty's Royal ancestor, King George III, whose words "I glory in the name of Briton" were an inspiration of Imperial Unity, Your Majesty in Your Royal Message to the Navy at the commencement of the late War described the British Fleet (of whose Ensigns more shall hereinafter humbly be represented) as " the sure shield of Britain." The discontinuance of the Scottish Mint has involved loss of work to Scotland, and the Coinage is, with one exception—Britannia— purely English in design or arrangement. 5. By an Act of 1817, the Scottish Mint, preserved under Article XVI of the Treaty of Union, was discontinued, and the Coinage Act, 1870, though conserving (Sec. 14) the Chancellor of the Exchequer "Governor of the Mint in Scotland," nevertheless prohibited the making of coins except at Your Majesty's Mint in England. The Royal Mint now maintained in England makes free use of Your Majesty's Crest for England (the lion statant guardant) but displays upon none of Your Majesty's numerous coinage one single representation of Your Majesty's ancient Crest for Scotland (the lion sejant affronte). The figure of St. George of England is used on the coinage while St. Andrew of Scotland is ignored. It appears the said Royal Mint in London has now many orders on Home and other accounts, that 'overflow' business is executed for it at Birmingham, which it is humbly submitted shows that the Scottish Royal Mint should not have been closed and that the closing thereof and the monopoly created in favour of England by the Coinage Act, 1870, has resulted in a loss to Scottish working men, since work which would naturally have been allocated to Scotland now passes to Birmingham instead. Your Petitioners humbly represent that Your Majesty's Government should by suitable legislation or otherwise cause the Scottish Royal Mint to be re-established forthwith under its said Governor (who yet exists) and thereby give employment in Scotland, and that Your Majesty should be pleased to ordain that Your Majesty's Royal Crest for Scotland shall be represented upon some denomination of Your Majesty's Coinage, wherever minted. But in this connection it is further represented that, in the example of this Crest now used on official stationery in Scotland, Your Majesty's Motto IN DEFENS is depicted in the English form below the said Crest in place of above the Crest as in Your Majesty's Royal Achievement for Scotland, duly recorded in Lyon Register according to the Laws and Practice of Arms in Scotland, whereby the designers of the said drawing of the Crest have warped its design to conform to English heraldic practice, and have thereby broken Scottish Laws of Heraldry, and Acts of Parliament. The Flags of the Royal Navy, contrary to the Treaty, display St. George's Cross, not conjoined with St. Andrew's Cross—the Union .Pendant has been suppressed. 6. The use of St. George's Cross in the White Ensign, the Admiral's Flag and the Commodore's Broad Pendant is a breach of Articles I and III of the Treaty of Union, and suggests that Your^Majesty's Navy is a purely English Service. Your Majesty's lieges in Scotland contribute to its maintenance c 2 j * ; THE. ADM IRAL S FLAG. I Regimental Colour; yet Scottish Regiments with blue facings are, by official discrimination and injustice, not permitted to bear for their second Colour the Cross of St. Andrew, and that although both these are duly registered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland as national devices, and are (as is admitted in the case of St. George's Banner) appropriate for the second Colour, which is of a local or territorial nature. During the late War, when four Glasgow battalions were patriotically presented with blue second Colours displaying St. Andrew's Cross, conform to the statutory registration, Your Majesty's War Office, in contempt of the said Acts of Parliament and of Your Majesty's Predecessor's act in recording the same, declined to recognise the same as ' Colours' and contemptuously denominated them "flags." It is therefore humbly submitted for Your Majesty's consideration whether this disgraceful, partial, prejudiced and anti-Scottish policy should not be replaced by such equal recognition being accorded to the Banner of St. Andrew as is now accorded to the Banner of St. George, in those cases where either is appropriate in the second Colour of a Regiment. :^%^ -A^ I <^j^ ^0°^\ .,. ■ ■ ' THE WH) TE ENSIGN. \ : . < JT COMMO DOt ?£S BROAD PENDANT \ J^- ■■'"VJ/M PENDANT, ~"% ENGLISH. FLAGS USED BY THE BRITISH NAVY. though denied any share in its glory. In the red, white and blue pendants the Cross of St. George is displayed in the hoist, whilst the ' Union Pendant '—strictly conform to the Treaty—in which the Union Flag was displayed in the hoist is now unlawfully discontinued. It is humbly submitted whether the Union pendant (red, white or blue) should not be resumed, and the flags of Admirals and Commodores and the White Ensign revised in such a manner as to conform with the Treaty. The War Office recognises St. George's Cross for Regimental Colours but declines to recognise St. Andrew's Cross, though both are constitutionally equal. 7. Many of Your Majesty's Regiments having white or black facings are allowed to carry the Banner of England (St. George's Cross) for their second or The English Royal Crest is used illegally upon the Colour-pikes of Scottish Regiments. 8. That in Your Majesty's Army, the Colour-pikes of Your Majesty's Scottish Regiments are, to the great grief of Your Majesty's loyal subjects in Scotland, surmounted by Your Majesty's Royal Crest for England, notwithstanding that Your Majesty's Royal Crest for Scotland is more suited to be the finial of a Colour-pike ; that Your Majesty's Forces are thus made to bear the appearance not so much of a national or British Army as a means for recalling past unhappiness when the troops of England were employed to hold down Scotland as if it had been a conquered country, and it is humbly represented that under present conditions it is grievously unfortunate to suggest by official symbolism to Your Majesty's loyal subjects of Scotland that Your Majesty's Forces—even Your Majesty's Scottish Regiments—are regarded by the War Office, as if they were an English Army of occupation. Your Majesty and Your Majesty's glorious Father and Grandmother have by many acts restored to Your Majesty's Forces in Scotland, garb, badges and pipers, indicative of our Scottish native customs and tradition; Your Petitioners earnestly pray that Your Majesty may be graciously pleased in that matter which should be of the first importance to every soldier and every subject, namely, the symbols of Your Majesty's own Gracious Person and Royal Authority, to grant that Your Majesty's loyal subjects may be allowed to see upon the Colour-pikes of Scottish Regiments the historic Crest which represents Your Majesty as lineal successor of our ancient Kings, through whom Your Majesty's Blood is deduced from the Royal House of Scotland, in place of representing Your Majesty's Person in our military symbolism exclusively as the Heir and Successor of the Kings of England whom Your Majesty's Scottish Royal Predecessors and loyal subjects in Scotland had in past ages often little cause either to love, honour or admire. Your Majesty's Royal Crest for Scotland recalls and represents a Royal lineage which kindles the loyalty and enthusiasm of all Your Majesty's Scottish, Celtic, and Gaelic-speaking subjects, and could with historical propriety and advantageous consequences be depicted (as in Scotland it should be, according to law) upon the Colour-pikes of Your Majesty's Scottish Regiments, and in Regiments affiliated thereto in Your Majesty's Dominions Beyond the Seas. The "Inspector of Regimental Colours" is as an Office redundant so far as Scottish Regiments are concerned. 9. In the foregoing connection it is humbly pointed out that an official " Inspector of Regimental Colours " exists and is presumably paid for his services. It is humbly represented, in view of Your Majesty's Lord Lyon King of Arms of Scotland being a salaried Officer with full authority from Your Majesty and Parliament over all ensigns armorial or cognisances whatsoever borne or used in Scotland, and the isles, colonies and dependencies thereunto adjacent, whether Your Majesty's said Lord Lyon King of Arms is not the sole Officer having jurisdiction over the Colours of Scottish Regiments, or other forces, in, or connected with, Scotland or regimentally domiciled therein, and whether the activities as regards these of an overlapping Official (which has apparently resulted in the said breaches of the Treaty of Union both as regards public and private rights) is not an unnecessary as well as illegal interference with the privileges of Scotland in terms of the Treaty, as well as the employing an English Official ta perform duties already pertaining to a salaried Scottish Official who should, therefore, alone, as provided in the Lyon Court Act, 1867, carry out the said duties to the satisfaction of Your Majesty and the nation. The Badge of the King's Own Scottish Borderers displays the English Royal Crest. 10. The badge of the King's Own Scottish Borderers displays Your Majesty's Crest for England contrary to Your Majesty's gracious Command regarding the form of Royal Arms to be used in Scotland. It is humbly submitted whether the said badge, being contrary to Your Majesty's Command and to the Laws and Usage of Scotland, should be forthwith ordained to be altered in conformity therewith, and display Your Majesty's Scottish Crest, the lion sejant. The Flag recently designed for Governors-General displays the English Royal Crest only, which is unconstitutional and reflects upon Scotland's share in founding the Empire. 11. In the flag which has been designed for Your Majesty's Governors- General throughout the Empire, the Crest assigned is Your Majesty's Royal Crest for England only, thereby causing grief and indignation against the Government Departments responsible amongst the many Scotsmen and descendants of Scotsmen by whom Your Majesty's Empire has been consolidated and welded together. It is humbly submitted to Your Majesty that, according to the Heraldic practice of Scotland, and indeed of England, where two great or feudal Houses are conjoined it is the law and practice for the heir of both to receive confirmation of, and thereafter to use, the crests of both such houses, and that the representatives of such houses in Scotland do even, on suitable occasions, bear both their crests upon their Highland bonnets. It is therefore humbly submitted for Your Majesty's consideration whether those Officers entrusted with the design of drafts for such flags aforesaid, and other flags to be hereafter made, should be directed by Your Majesty to incorporate therein both Your Majesty's Royal Crest for Scotland and that for England, for the inclusion of which there is ample space upon the foresaid flags. ! In Imperial Heraldry, all reference to Scotland and Scottish emblems is suppressed, notwithstanding that in some cases the English emblems are less popular than those of Scotland. 12. In matters of Imperial Heraldry, flags, crests, and kindred affairs, notwithstanding that Scotland and England are equal partners in Your Majesty's United Kingdom, and that Scotland has borne a great share in the creation of Your Majesty's Empire, and that the Civil Law which is the Law of Scotland is also the basis of the law throughout Your Majesty's Union of South Africa and in a great part of Your Majesty's Dominion of Canada; nevertheless in the foresaid heraldic matters only Your Majesty's Officers of Arms for England appear to be consulted, and consequently only Your Majesty's Arms, Badges, and Devices of England are incorporated in the Arms, Badges, Devices and Insignia of Your Majesty's Imperial Dominions. In the case of Nova Scotia, even the ancient Arms conferred by Your Majesty's Royal Predecessor, by Warrant directed to the Lord Lyon King of Arms, were ignored and superseded by a design compiled in England, until by a Warrant by Your Majesty, issued on representations of the Provincial Ministry, the ancient Arms were ratified, and the Warrant superfluously impetrated from the Crown was by Your Majesty graciously cancelled and annulled. It is humbly submitted for Your Majesty's consideration whether in view of the Empire being, at least in a fair share, the product of the industry and courage of Your Majesty's loyal subjects of Scotland, and that the laws and customs of the above mentioned Dominions are specially connected with the laws and traditions of Scotland rather than those of England, due regard should be had to Your Majesty's Arms, Badges, Devices, and Insignia for Scotland, as regards the Empire generally in an equitable manner, and whether it should not be committed to Your Majesty's Kings of Arms to submit to Your Majesty drafts for a suitable Imperial Coat of Arms for use as an emblem of Your Majesty s Imperial Authority. Imperial Warrants are directed to the English Heraldic Authorities only, as also Warrants connected with British Honours,—contrary even to English precedent. 13. In matters of Imperial Honours and Armory Your Majesty's gracious Warrants, even that concerning the Arms of Nova Scotia, are now in use to be directed by Your Majesty's Home Secretary only to Your Majesty's Earl Marshal of England and recorded in the College of Arms, notwithstanding that Youp Majesty's English Kings of Arms have no exclusive jurisdiction outwith England, for even in the Middle Ages Your Majesty's Royal Predecessors, Kings of England, had Kings of Arms for Guienne and Aquitaine. It is humbly submitted whether Your Majesty's Warrants should be directed also to Your Majesty's Scottish and Irish Kings of Arms and ordered to be recorded also in the Register of their several jurisdictions, since Your Majesty's lieges in Scotland can have no knowledge of Warrants recorded in the Books of the College of Arms in London, but only of such as are recorded in the Books of Your Majesty's Lyon Court of Scotland. Unconstitutional alteration in the Title of the Principal King of Arms of the English. 14. Your Majesty's chief King of English Arms has come recently to be described as " Garter Principal King of Arms " in place (as has been the practice from his inception centuries ago) of " Garter Principal King of Arms of the English." The term now adopted leads many to believe that Garter is in some manner the superior of Your Majesty's Kings of Scottish and Irish Arms, which is neither so nor conform to the Treaty of Union. Pressing necessity Heraldry." for the constitution of an " Imperial Court of 15. In view of the many respects herein mentioned whereby the Armorial Rights and National Dignity of Scotland at present suffer, as well in Home as in Imperial matters, Your Petitioners humbly refer to their Petition of 23rd of July, 1912, presented to Your Majesty praying for the establishing of an Imperial Court of Heraldry analogous to the Judicial Committee of Your Majesty's Privy Council. Your Petitioners cannot fail to observe that both in the creation of new Arms and administration of Heraldry, Scotland is under present conditions consistently suppressed and discounted in Imperial affairs. It is humbly submitted how far the Earl Marshal of England can have any Armorial jurisdiction in those Dominions professing Civil Law, under which Armorial Bearings are a branch of the said Civil Law and are civil rights, since the Court of the Earl Marshal and other Courts of England take no cognisance of the Civil Law. The institution of an Imperial Court of Heraldry consisting of Your Majesty's three Principal Kings of Arms would be capable of dealing appropriately with all varieties of Heraldic Right within the Empire, and this, it is humbly submitted, is a necessary department of Imperial administration. Your Petitioners humble Petition of the 23rd of July, 1912, was referred to Your Majesty's Home Secretary, but perhaps on account of the ensuing War nothing further has apparently been done therein, but it is humbly submitted whether the vast developments in Imperial administration wrhich have taken place during the past twenty three years render the question now of greater importance, not only to Scotland and Dominion Scots, but to Your Majesty's whole Empire than it was when Your Petitioners made their humble representations thereanent in 1912. The College of Arms of England should be made a Government Office like those of Scotland and Ireland. 16. Your Petitioners humbly submit whether it is in the interests of Heraldry throughout the Empire, as well as in that of the Exchequer, that the College of Arms in London should be made an Office of State, such as is the Court of the Lord Lyon in Scotland and the Office of Arms in Ireland ; that the Officers thereof receive salaries, and that the whole fees and profits be transferred to Your Majesty's Exchequer, and its archives made Public Records of England. Your Petitioners humbly submit that if the foregoing were carried out, and Certificates of Arms were demanded on issue of Armorial Bearings (Local Taxation) Licences, or the said licences rights were checked departmentally as in other Revenue affairs, and users of bogus arms were restrained according to Law— or in England Your Majesty's prerogative—a revenue of much over £200,000 per year could be obtained from Heraldry for the benefit of Local Authorities and the Exchequer, and this would not only commend itself to all lovers of Heraldry but would be obtained without affecting the "working-classes " who would, nevertheless, financially benefit from its collection, and it is believed no opposition from Parliament or otherwise need be anticipated regarding such re-organisation of National and Imperial Heraldic administration on a basis financially advantageous to the Revenue Authorities, Rate-payers and Tax-payers. Usurpation of Arms for Trade purposes has been a grave abuse, and should be suppressed. 17. Your Petitioners view with apprehension and amazement the manner in which certain of Your Majesty's subjects in England are permitted to usurp and contemn Your Majesty's Royal Prerogative in usurping and assuming unto themselves, and applying to misrepresentation for trade purposes, armorial bearings not derived from Your Majesty as the Fountain of Honour through Your Officers of Arms commissioned for that effect, and that Your Majesty's Board of Trade, forgetting its duty to Your Majesty as the Fountain of Honour and in defiance of the provisions of Sec. II, Trade Marks Act, 1905, have registered and created pretended properties in spurious or usurped armorial bearings which have not been obtained from Your Majesty. Your Majesty's Royal Predecessors of England were in like case in use to ordain, by Commissions of Visitation, such to be erased from wheresoever they were depicted; use even in England of such unlawful heraldry, in defiance of Your Majesty's Prerogative and the Rights and Privileges of Your Majesty's Earl Marshal of England, sets a bad example to the lieges in Scotland, where the Heraldic laws of Scotland are yet enforced and enforceable in the interests of Your Majesty's Exchequer and Your Majesty's lieges. Unlawful usurpation of Arms in England is detrimental to British Heraldry in general, and should be suppressed. 18. It is humbly submitted to Your Majesty whether the privilege of bearing Arms (which can be lawfully derived only through the proper channels from Your Majesty as the Fountain of Honour) ought not again in England, as is the law of Scotland, to be strictly preserved for those who, having satisfied Your Majesty's Officers of their merit, have paid the requisite stamp duties and fees to Your Majesty's Exchequer, and that all others usurping and pretending to have received the cachet of Your Majesty's authority should be punished according fo the Acts and Warrants formerly observed in England and still enforced in Scotland. * 19. Your Majesty's Petitioners, notwithstanding the foregoing necessary and urgent representations, view with gratification the progress of Heraldry in Scotland during Your Majesty's glorious Reign, and the manner in which the Laws of Arms in Scotland have been therein once more administered to the credit of the Nation and with benefit to its business interests and to the advantage of Your Majesty's Exchequer. Your Petitioners and all other loyal Scots rejoice that Your Majesty's Lord Lyon King of Arms of Scotland has been encouraged by Your Majesty's Ministers not only to administer the laws in the interests of the general taxpayer and of heraldic and genealogical honesty in social life, but has been encouraged (as in the case of the Scottish National War Memorial) to purge as befits Your Majesty's Royal property, Royal, Public and National buildings as well as municipal and private structures, of anything in the nature of unlawful armorial bearings; That Your Petitioners, viewing as they do with gratification the wider appreciation of Heraldic Art and the reviving enthusiasm amongst Scotsmen in general for their Armorial Laws, and the dissemination of those principles which have made Heraldry in Scotland a subject of appreciation by so many of Your Majesty's loyal subjects, therefore earnestly submit whether Your Majesty should take such further steps as may be requisite, either of Your Majesty's Mere Motion or by Order in Council or Legislation in Parliament, to give further and fuller effect to Your Majesty's Armorial Prerogative where necessary specially to give fair and equal prominence in Imperial Heraldry to Your Majesty's Royal and National Arms, Insignia, Emblems and Ensigns of Scotland. Your Petitioners therefore do most humbly pray Your Majesty that Your Majesty will be graciously pleased to cause inquiry to be made regarding the foregoing representations through all the appropriate and constitutional channels as well Scottish as English, and to order or take such other measures as may be necessary that due and equal prominence be given in matters of Imperial Heraldry to the Ensigns of and for Scotland; and further to order or take such other measures as may be necessary for the more vigorous and complete suppression of unlawful use of Armorial Bearings in defiance of Your Majesty's Prerogative and of the Laws of this Kingdom, to the loss and detriment of Your Majesty's loyal subjects, taxpayers therein, or that Your Majesty may be most graciously pleased to make such other order or to give such directions, in the premises as to Your Majesty may seem meet. And Your Majesty's most loyal Petitioners will ever pray. For The Saint Andrew Society (London) (Signed) ANNIE FRASER, President do. IAN R. H. STEWART, F.S.A.Scot., Chairman and Hon. Heraldic Writer do. W. ROBERTSON, A.R.C.Sc, Hon. Secretary For The Saint Andrew Society (Glasgow) (Signed) WALTER BUCHANAN, J.P., Chairman dd. ARTHUR WILSON, J.P., Heraldry Committee do. BEN B. MACKINNON, J.P., do, do. JOHN A STEWART, F.S.A.Scot., do. (Convener) do. WM. ADAM, C.A., Hon. Secretary Saltire House, 19 Ashley Street, Glasgow, C.3 John A. Stewart, F.S.A.Scot-, Petition Secretary. Saint Andrew's Day, 30th November, 1935. the royal arms SCOTLAND. From " The Story of the Scottish Flag" Hopkins, Glasgow. Displaying the essentially equal crosses of St. Andrew and St. George, and His Majesty's Crest for Scotland (a lion sejant) on the Imperial Crown. At the Union in 1707, Her Majesty Queen Anne impaled the arms of Scotland and England to show the marriage or Union of two armorially equal partners in Great Britain. THE ARMS OF NOVA SCOTIA. From " Notes on the Arms of Nova Scotia" The Stewart Society. A Royal Scottish Grant of 1625, admitted and affirmed by a Royal Warrant of 19th January, 1929. Pre-Union Arms are in a class apart. Other pre-Union Arms of British Possessions are : Newfoundland (English Grant 1637), Jamaica (English Grant 1661), Colony of Caledonia (Scottish Grant 1698). Nova Scotia has the oldest Arms. / THE ARMS OF FIJI. A typical post-Union Grant of Arms to a British Possession. The shield by featuring the red cross of St. George and a lion passant of England displays a lamentable anti-Union and separatist tendency. The solemn Treaty~of Union is ignored, and His Majesty's Empire represented as merely English. Superfluous Arms mistakenly granted to Nova Scotia by Royal Warrant in 1868. This Royal Warrant was cancelled and annulled by the Royal Warrant of 1929 affirming the original Royal Scottish Warrant of 1625. r 0 V Arms granted to Australia in 1908. The first feature of the shield is the red cross of St. George of England. After protests by loyal Britons at home and in the Commonwealth v these separatist Arms were discarded in 1912. AUTHORITIES : The Law and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland; Heraldry in Scotland; Scots Heraldry; The Story of the Scottish Flag; Trade Marks Committee Report; British Flags; and works on Heraldry in England. Bone & Hulley Printers, Glasgow THE CASE OF THE HEBRIDEAN EMIGRANTS. [To the Editor of the " Guide."] Author's Club/2 Whitehall Court, London, 16th July 1923. Sir,—A good deal of ink has been shed over the plight of the Hebridean settlers who went this spring under Roman Catholic auspices to Canada. It is alleged that these people were deceived by promises of free farms of 160 acres near a railway, and by a guarantee that they would form a compact colony in the Red Deer district ; but that on arrival they found nothing of the sort, and were exposed to hardship and suffering. The Canadian Hansard containing the debate which took place on this matter in the Federal House of Commons is before me. A perusal of this authoritative document puts a different complexion on the situation. So far from having made deceptive promises and neglected the settlers on their arrival, the Government and its agents, as was clearly shown by Mr Stewart, the Minister of Immigration, have made every effort to establish the Hebrideans, and to assist them over the critical period of their early settlement. Mr Stewart categorically declared that two of the Soldier Settlement Inspectors and the superintendent in charge of Western Canada had been on the ground from the time of the arrival of these settlers, giving whatever assistance was required; that the Roman Catholic Bishop of Edmonton was co-operating with the Department; that the buildings and land at Red Deer utilised for some years for the training of soldiers for work on the land, had been equipped and placed at the disposal of the settlers; and that Mr Black, Deputy Minister of the Department, had been sent to obtain first-hand information on the position, and had wired that the settlement of the party was proceeding satisfactorily, and the utmost assistance consistent with their ultimate welfare was being given. Mr Stewart admitted that some dissatisfaction existed on the part of " 5 out of the 416 " settlers, and attributed it to three circumstances, for none of which could the Department of Immigration be held responsible. First, some of them had received extravagant pamphlets, issued presumably by an organisation which had nothing to do with bringing them out to Canada. Second, the number brought out in one party was too large to handle satisfactorily and speedily. For this the Roman Catholic agency was responsible. Third, the newcomers had been led, presumably by the same agency, to suppose that they would settle in one Compact community in the Red Deer district. Mr Stewart declared himself opposed to such methods, on the ground that a settler has a better chance of success if he will go in amongst people who know the country and how to take advantages of the local conditions. The " scandal '• when analysed thus proves to be a storm in a tea-cup. And it was largely stirred up by sensational articles in the Canadian Press. Would- be settlers in Canada must learn not to put their faith in the promises of irresponsible agents, but to discover from easily available official sources the actual position awaiting them. Some delay in settlement and a certain amount of disappointment and homesickness have been experienced. But reports of suffering and neglect are shown to be idle rumour, and by this time the last members of the party will have been established. Under the best of circumstances the first year or so of residence in a new land is bound to be trying. But I am convinced that men icT^f^hland race even in these days, £,_oicient grit 4i^_d. eapae?" a o win Wp><l^nake comf^'P^le ha ^oor] in the l0 S,J: .THE EDMONTON JOURNAL, MARCH __2__ 1924. MORE HEBRIDEANS COMING Cottars on Lonely Scottish Islands Have Had Continued Misfortune and Many Will Come to Canada NEWS from oversea, has it that conditions on the Hebrides islands are growing- worse instead of better and that more of the hardy islanders are coming to Canada to make new homes. In this prospective immigration movement Alberta has reason to be particularly interested, since a considerable part of last year's Hebridean settlement was within this province. Events in the past few months have emphasized the necessity of, such a niove- hient away from the storied but unfortunate "western isles." Twice in a hundred years, it is pointed out by a writer in the New York Times, have the Hebrideans i been threatened with, famine. The I last time .was. in 1846, when there i was great suffering. There would have been less hardship endured in the past year had it not been for the independence of the islanders who possess the traditional Scotch dislike of asking for help so long as hard work will avail them. But in the face of the weather since last March work has not availed. All summer long the rain fell ji ceaselessly. Storms raged, and the j fishing catch was poor. "Vegetables 1 rotted in the ground, and the scanty i field crops were not harvested. Even I the neighbors -on the mainland were I not aware of the hardships which ! the Hebrideans faced through the j summer and fall. It was not until j their plight was a desperate one j that a cry for help was sent out, j to be promptly answered as far as i was in their power by the Scotch j people, and to be broadcasted across j the Atlantic by Lord Balfour. People Struggled Hard There are more than 500 islands in the Hebrides group which stretches for 130 miles off the west coast of Scotland, and only 100 of them are inhabited, the others being mere rocks, incapable of growing anything. The Census taken in 1901 reported that 78,947 people dwelt on the islands, but the population has! greatly declined as a result of im- ! migration and probably there are not 40,000 souls there today. Three- quarters of these, we are informed, lack sufficient food. The islands are ! classified as the Inner and Outer groups, the latter being a great breakwater, being slowly broken and ground away by the furious Atlantic storms. In these circumstances the life of the islanders is a constant struggle with Nature in her harshest aspect. They have three occupations, fishing, kelp-making and crofting. Because of the sparseness of the soil only a few things can be grown, chief among them turnips and potatoes, and a little grain in the* more favored districts. The kelp, or seaweed, is gathered and dried, later fo be burned for the chemical salts it contains. Fishing depends not only upon the presence of fish, but upon the ability of the fishermen to go out in their boats. Sometimes the storms make this impossible for weeks at a time, though fish is the chief article of food in the Hebrides. Wholesale Evictions The cottars' houses are of undressed stone piled together without mortar and having thatched roofs. Often the only ventilation is the hole in the roof and the door. In 1746 the Hebrideans came to the conclusion that their fate was intolerable because of the exactions of the chiefs and the interminable wars brought ahout by their ambitions, so they rose against them. Hereditary jurisdiction was abolished and some of the fruits of democracy were ae- j quired. It turned out, however, that the ' last plight was worse than the first. The lands were leased to new owners who raised the rents. The tenants could not pay them in most cases, so they were forced to move into the villages or seek shelter on barren, unoccupied spots. The good land was then given over to sheep farming on the large scale by the absentee owners. Thousands emigrated, and as many thousands were evicted. Some of the best pioneering stock in the world was thus given to distant lands, some of them British and some not. It was not until 1883 that the sad case of the Hebrideans was made the cause of a full investigation, as a result of which considerable improvements were made. ^eajjoajat taste with per ">*, atmeg, add - Soldier Settfers in j Province Doing Well j MEETING OBLIGATIONS IN MANNER BEYOND EXPECTATIONS, SAYS DOMINION INSPECTOR; STOCKING UP FARMS AND MAKING GOOD HOMES Soldier settlers in Saskatchewan are meeting their obligations to the Soldiers' Settlement Board in a way that is far beyond the expectations of the officials, according to Mr. L. B. , Boyd? Dominion inspector of agencies, who is in the city today. '' This is1 dne largely to the fact that a recent amendment of the soldiers' settlement act has reduced the amount of the annual payments,7' he said. "This has affected practically all of our soldier settlers, and means that their indebtedness to the board has been spread over a much longer term of years. i STABILITY STRIKING "The stability of the settlers in the province is very striking. | At the present time the only ones who are abandoning the farms are those who are suffering from sickness or from the recurrence of war disabilities. It seems that more and more each yea^ they are trying to establish permanent homes upon their farms, rather than to use them only for summer residences^ as' has been sometimes done in the past. To this end they are doing what they can to improve their property, and to provide themselves yvith the things which make a STOCKING FARMS An indication of this determination which the settlers have of marking Saskatchewan their permanent home, is the fact that this "season, more than*any previous year since the establishment of the.; board, they are stocking their farms with good milk cattle, swine, and poultry* and in same cases, even sheep. ^These indications are very hopeful. We are glad because our work now is really home-making rather than settle- I ment.v Our aim is to help the ex- j soldiers to find happy v homes on j farms in the west and judging from the apparent results, we have reason j to believe that we are accomplish- | ing to a creditable extent, the work | which we have set out to do." LSI TO SID . at: ... Machinery Will Take Over Settlement Work, Says Ottawa Official Prediction that the whole of| the land surveying machinery built up by the Soldiers' Settle-, ment Board will eventually be used in connection with the colonisation scheme as planned by ! the department of the interior under the Hon. Charles Stewart, j was made Monday by a promt- j cent Ottawa official of the S. S. j B.-, who is a visitdr in the city. j APPRAISERS TO REPORT He declared it to be outside the j •Is of possibility for the govern- 1 | ment to let the large staff of ex- j perienced land valuators, as trained by the Soldiers' Settlement Board, go j I into the discard when their services could be u_ed to such great advant- j jageyby the immigration" and coionisa- j \ lion departments of the government, i At the present time a large staff of ; land appraisers are at work through- ! j out the Saskatoon, district under the : ! supervision of officials of the Soldiers' Settlement Board. j These men I ! are inspecting large tracts of arable j | land now open for prospective- set- : j tiers, and their findings will be em.- I i bodied in a report that will be sub- \ - S.S.B. official in the city eakjng in regard to in this district dec- ions contiguous to katopn, soldier farmers are well.'and. are setting the found. stones, firmly for future happin He made the pleasing announcement, that of the payments due to the government from soldier settlers, more than 40 percent of the total due this ready' been paid. Few \ Lsserted, have been, re-S .a the past season, arid . a.re by no' manner of j mon occu rr en ce. LATEST LOCAL Ai USE OF SOLDIER SETTLEMENT ORGANIZATION TO SUPERVISE IMMIGRANTS IS RECOMMENDED WILL BE MADE TO DOMINION AS SOON AS NEW SCHEME IS EFFECTIVE—RETURN TO PENNY POSTAGE IS _ DESIRED BY BOARD OF TRADE A recommendation that the Soldier Settlement Board organization be utilized by the Dominion government for the supervision of newly arrived immigrants, as goon as the . new .cheme of immigration becomes effective, will be sent to Ottawa by the Regina Board of Trade, it was decided at last night's meeting of that body. The board also decided to request the government to consider a return to the two-cent rate on letters, and took up various other business. • ■'•; While the new immigration policy of the Dominion has not yet been officially announced, it Jjs understood that mjtah more supervision than has formerly been given, will henceforth be provided for immigrant's coming-out and settling in the west. In view of the fact that ! this would necessitate otherwise the 1 creation, at great expense, of a new ' organization by the Dominion Gov-. i ernment, W. G; Styles suggested at last night's meeting that the Department of immigration might consider : favorably using the organization of i the; body already functioning in the west, -the' Soldier .Settlement Board. District inspectors belonging to this Board would be able to do the work of supervising immigrants for the Dominion Government, just as well as. they are at present doing it for the Board he pointed out. Advantages of Bay Route. Considerable discussion resulted from the report on the Hudson Bay merqial travellers' views en opinions of liiegina expressed all over the pro7 vince, at a general meeting of th** travellers and the board members, was discussed, but no definite action taken. . A meeting of this nature will probably be held, however. toldier Settlement In one direction at any rate the efforts of the Canadian government to establish in civil life the men who served overseas have been conspicuously successful. The report of Major John Barnett, chairman of the soldier settlement board, which was published Dec. 8, indicates that the ex-servicg^ien, placed by the board, are sticking to their home- Steads, despite adverse conditions, and paying off their indebtedness in a very creditable way. These men went on the land handicapped not only by the disabilities under which the whole farming community suffers but by debts which would dishearten the most courageous. As was to be expected a few of them found th4 strain too great. About 13 per cent of them left their land soon after settlement but those who remain have apparently chosen their callen for good. Major Barnett intimates that 28,680 men have now been established. Their settlement is One of the victories of peace. The soldier farmers, creditors of the Canadian people, have not been absolved of any obligations to which every citizen is liable. They enjoy no special concessions. Their acceptance of life on the land in Canada is one of the most encouraging signs on the national horizon. Form No. 504 ^vet^rtHcm^ 4. Canafca.. "In Replying Please Quote File No. Fr^nnUvi iL )/>na\ /?^i ) / 5P / 9 2/? \ BIG PARTY OF POLES ARRIVE; GO ON HUE Seventy-Seven Single Men J Are Housed at Immigration Hall Seventy-seven.psingle male immi- j grants from Poland ; arrived in Ed- j monton oyer the Canadian Pacific railway on Friday night and;'.were 1 sent out to different districts of I northern Alberta under special lead- ' ers chosen from their -'ranks on Saturday evening. This large party has been brought out under the auspices of the Canadian Pacific railway, and a position on a farm was awaiting every man on his arrival at Edmonton. On Saturday the land settlement^ board took charge in distributing the men and picked out four, who could speak a certain amount of English to take the parties to the different districts. All went out on the Cana- j dian ..National railway during the day. Forty-two were sent to farms in the Lamont area, fifteen to Vegreville, ten to Bruderheim, and ten to Chipman. Fifty-eight o£ the party were accommodated in the immigration hall on 101st street, on Friday night, as preparations had been made for them by E. E. Wilson, dominion government immigration agent .ii charge of the hall, who a few hours previously had been advised that the party would reach Edmonton that night. The remainder were distributed throughout hotels in the city. The party was the easiest to handle of any that has reached the province during any time, as it was entirely composed of men between the ages of 20 and 29, and all were single, not one woman being included. Two other Poles arrived at the immigration hall on Saturday morning, but were not of the same party. One German family was also given accommodation, and one Irish couple and a single Irishman were temporarily housed until they could move out to jobs awaiting tnem. Newcomers to Alberta Find Practical Welcome Waiting Them Strangers coming to Alberta to flfnake their homes are having an un- 'usual experience. In many of the country ' districts and towns into which they go they find a real welcome awaiting them. This is due primarily to the efforts of the advisory committee on women's immigration formed a year ago, directly to the cooperation of organizations in the rural districts. Upon the formation of the advisory committee, appeals were .made to branches of the United Farm Women of Alberta, the United Farmers of Alberta and the Women's Institutes. These organizations-.were- requested to appoint .convener's in their branches, who, in turn, would form committees to welcome newcomers to the various districts. It was felt that this was the only feasible way of getting in touch with the "strangers within our gates." In response to the appeal, many conveners have been appointed and the work accomplishd so far justifies the formation of the advisory committee. The conveners make it their business to welcome newcomers to the community, especially married women and their families, and girls coming to engage in domestic or other work. They have helped the strangers tide over the •first homesick period and enabled them to make friends more quickly than they would otherwise have done. The Wetaskiwin W. I. through its committee, played an important part in welcoming the Russian settlers coming to that district. The Insti tute joined with other organizations in.the welcome, and since that time the members have interested themselves in things the Russians wanted to know. Books have been sent out from the head office of the committee, the Women's Home Bureau service branch of the department of agriculture, to help individuals find the best method of learning the English language. Other organizations have also joined in the good work. The Leth- hridge Local Council of Women assisted in the reception of families coming to irrigated farms and at Christmas time played Santa Claws to the children. Sixty-five children shared in this Christmas treat. The contents of the boxes sent were contributed by various people interested, not necessarily members of the local council. While a number of organizat ons have reported the names of conveners to Miss Jessie C. Macmillan, corresponding secretary of the advisory committee on women's immigration, many have overlooked this formality. In order to secure this information which enables the com-^ mittee to act as a link between the newcomer and the communities, Miss Macmillan has sent out another appeal to the organizations previously approached. It is very important that this information be filed in the head office and it is hoped that the response will he immediate. 5 IE FAMILIES COME TO ALBERTA 82 in Party of Settlers Arriving at St. John Today ST. JOHN, N. B., April 18.-—The Canadian Pacific steamer Mont Royal, the last passenger liner scheduled to come here this season, arrived in port this morning from Liverpool, Belfast and Glasgow, with 510 passengers, among them 13 British, Scotch and Irish families who came to Canada under the British- Canadian family scheme. There are 82 in the party; one Irish family had 11 members. Four of the families will remain in New Brunswick, one is going to Ontario, five to Alberta, and three to British Columbia. A. E. Bolton, of Saskatoon, returned after attending an international agricultural conference in Moscow. He said three Canadians with their equipment could produce more wheat than fifty Russians with their slow-moving oxen and horse- drawn machines. ji ^< Herald and Weekly Star, January 29, 1941 Nine burling highland bull and heife stratum purposes at University of Saskatchewan. Highland Cattle Take to Canada QF more than usual interest to visitors are the Highland cattle at the University of Saskatchewan, brought there for display and demonstration purposes as calves, just weaned. The bull now is more than a year old, the heifer a bit younger. Shaggy hides, light brown in color, the hair growing profusely right down to their «hoofs, eyes almost hidden amid the "wool," they give the appearance of extreme hardiness. ^That is just the reason Mary Lindsay, farming near Greenstreet — north of Lloydminster, in Saskatchewan—brought this breed from Scotland in 1929. For hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years these cattle have roamed the Highlands of Scotland, undaunted bv ByJ.T.Ewing storm and cold, thriving where no other breed, unsheltered, could survive. They were wild animals, often Hying for years with little human contact. In spite of their wild nature, they were easily domesticated, however. The fine texture and flavor of their flesh has made the beef a favorite of gourmets. In size they are below the average of Qther beef breeds, but one is deceived by their weight. At one year the little bull shown in the illustration tipped the beam at just under a thousand pounds. First Highland cattle to come to Canada were imported in the '80s, mostly going to the range lands of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Thev were used, mainly, for crossing with range cattle. Fares, of Gordon, Ironside and Fares, once said that Highland-Shorthorn crosses were the best beef animals he had seen. Today a remnant of these early importations still may be seen in Alberta, mainly in stock used at stampedes. When Miss Lindsay imported those six heifers and bull (Alex Mitchell, of Lloydminster acting as her agent), her'purpose was to develop a breed of beef cattle which would be more resistant to the severe winters of Western Canada. At 13 years of age the ten original heifers still were healthy and in good breeding condition. One used car with a piston ring. Two rear wheels, one front spring. Has no fenders, seat or plank. Burns much gas and hard to crank. Carbureter's busted halfway through. Engine's mlosing, hits on two. Three year® old, four in spring; Shock absorbers, 'n'everythini,. Radiator's busted, sure does leak; Differential's busted, can hear St squeak. Ten spoke® mls®ing, front all bent; Tires 'blowed out 'taint worth a cent. Got lots of ©peed, runs lik® the deuce, Burns either ga_§ or tobacco juice. Tires all off, been run on th© rim. But it's a d gooc. car for the shape it's In. EDMONTON BULLETIN - October 10th, 192 ... O [ -:0 7jaa7 J<? a.f>~ GRAIN policy TOPIC T CONFERENCE Edmonton Proposal for Western Canada Gathering Receives Support The matter of a? conference of western Canadian boards of trade on immigration, as suggested in a resolution passed by the Edmonton board of trade, j will be considered at a' meeting of the Calgary board of trade on Wednesday next, according to advices received. Calgary is strongly in favor of a {vigorous immigration policy, as a resolution passed by the board of trade of that city a short time ago will indicate. The resolution urges that the dominion government formulate and carry out a Ibroad and comprehensive policy of immigration and colonization, which will provide men and money for the development of the country's natural resources,'; and asks also that the government provide' the money and staff necessary to carry out such a policy. The Calgary board has also placed Itself on record as being of the opinion that the immigration policy to be framed should permit the admission to Canada without burdensome money restrictions of any desirable immigrant, not an Oriental, who wishes to come to the dominion with the avowed intention of assisting m the development pf land, minerals or other natural .resources. S.S.B. NOW HAS 2600 JOBS FOR 11.K. HARVESTERS Whirlwind Campaign Certainly ^Producing the Goods'' Here The job getting campaign for the benefit of the British harvesters who wish for all-winter's work in Canada proceeds apace, and now the cry ;s ' not so much for positions as for old countrymen to fi]l them Northern Alberta shines refulgent in this re-j spect and up to date the Edmonton office of the Soldier Settlement Board has found two thousand six hundred billets for the .imm__s.__.__., from the old country. Since the field supervisors of the* board were instructed ten days ago to scour the country in order to obtain work for the new Canadians, they have literally been "on the job" and are .still so, and what the ultimate total will be can only be guessed at. Since Saturday six hundred more positions were found and any old countryman who drops off at almost any station in this section cf the west can be sure of a job, and of one which will keep him going the entire winter. Fifty per cent of the positions open are on farms the balance beiag distributed between the lumbering, fishing and mining industries. It is significent to jiote that in point of numbers for the whole Dominion. Edmonton is second only to Toronto and that the S.S.B office here found close on one third of the total positions available for the whole Dominion. : As well it must be remembered that Toronto is closely in touch with •the large lumbering industry in the east and two-third*, of the positions there were bush jobs. **» - *ft / <? &* TO OPEN SCHOOL FOR HEBRIDEANS Over Thirty Pupils Available at Once—-Have Secured a Teacher. (By Bulletin Correspondent) ftl_D DEER. Jan. 4—Father McMillan is arrahg'ng with the department of education to open a school for the tlebridean children at the industrial School on January 5. The teacher will be Miss Morrison, who ha. been teaching for nine years, a Hebridean who haa come out from On tar.' o. Over 30 children will be available for the- school. Pather Macdonell expects to bring out another large party in the spring frdm the old land. That the l-tebrldean new settlers in lied t)eer might remember their first Christmas in Canada, a jolly event was planned last week when M Christmas tree, followed, by an interesting program and dance, took place at the Hebridean farm fted Deer. Under the direction of Mrs. McMillan and Mr*. J. B. Home, wife of the new manager of the farm, the affair was. a real success, the merchants of Red Deer also cooperated by donating &1fts for the children. M'usieit numbers were given by Pipe Major iJohn MacMillan and the Misses Morrison, and an exhibition of. the Highland fling by Miss Julia Mae- Caulev, while Aufcus Campbell made "an excellent Santa Claus. Following the d'stributioil of Christ* mas gifts, punch was served. Later, to the strains of Angus Mc^hee's bagpipes, the young people enjoyed a jolly dance. A hearty vote of thanks was tendered by the guesfs to those who helped to make their first Christmas Day in a strange land one long to be remembered. .- HEBRIDES HAVE STILL TOO MANY PEOPLE ON ^7,llfHEM DESPITE LOSSES When Half Have Gone and Each Two Crofts Become One, Then It Will Be Possible for Islanders to Live Away from Poverty Line The recent arrival of a contingent of Hebrideans at Edmonton :ar°used intense interest in Edmonton and throughout the province. The following article from "The People's Journal," an old country .publication, dealing with the departure of the Hebrideans from ^Lochboisdale for their new homes in Alberta, will be found to be of considerable interest. **JT is all so changed and so wonderful, for I can look 7.Z. hack to the days when I was a girl, and when they came to force the men to Canada. They burned their crofts, and they took everything from them, and I have seen them tie the men with ropes down there." So eighty-five-year-old Mrs. Macdonald, of South Uist, told me, as we stood* abdPe the pier at Lochboisdale watching the emigrants going aboard the tender for the C.P.R. liner Marloch, which was lying at the mouth of the bay, and was to carry these islanders to the adventure and prospect of the new world. Mrs. Macdonald had walked two mijes^to the quay to see the South Uist contingent join the liner, and to wish them good luck. I asked her if it/was not a sad thing to see all the folks leaving the island. "And why should it be sad?" she sai(17 : "They are doing the right thing. For these are changed days, and it is a great world is Canada. My daughter went out three years ago, and now she has a house with six rooms, and a kitchen—and look." The old lady pointed to one of the black houses onvthe hill across the Joch, and one required no further explanation. "ji ,is very well," she said, as the t|njmr steamed away. ;'jfwas a spring morning of wonderful beauty, when the Marloch came steaming up from the Clyde to anchor off Lochboisdale and to take on the remainder of the emigrants who make up this year's first quota which the C. P. R., under the government scheme, are shipping to Canada. We had already taken 88 of the e____grants on board at Glasgow. These were mostly from the western Highlandsrand Inner Hebrides, and among them. I was particularly attracted to one family. They were Macdonalds ifrorn Lochaber, and consisted of a father and mother, with their ten children. They had sold up their croft and were going out to a farm in"/"Albert a'. The younger children were "making friends with the youngest passenger on board—the seven-months-old baby daughter of Mrs.. Constable, of Barrack street. Dundee, who was going out to join lier /husband in Winnipeg. In the group aroii'nd the baby Were five Fife bairils'. They were the children of Mrs. Brown, of Cardenden, who'' is going to her husband in Ontario. From the Sea to tne Farm -One.of the most delightful features on.rtlief ship was the way in which passengers returning to Canada made LTien.Is with the emigrants, and the encouragement their words gave. In one group a well-to-do farmer from Mur.itoba was talking about the prospects of farming to Mr. Robert Smith of "Dolvnfield, Dundee, who is going out to the land in that province, and two/., brothers from Auchterhouse, Forfarshire, Walter and Gordon Low, who are to settle in Saskatchewan. : Listening with interest to all this 'farmer had to say was a fine six-£pot type of Highlander from RossvShire. His name was Finlay Beatoni Finlay has sold up his croft and 4s going out as farm worker. Near him stood a seafaring man. This .was Captain William Mowat, of Aberdeen, who holds a captain's ticket for a square-rigged vessel, but,, as he put it, has made up his >n:"nd to plough the rich soil of Al- sberta rather than the deeps of perilous seas. A Gourock Family All the emigrants were not of the North country. I had a long talk With Mr. and Mrs. Kane of Gourock who, with their children, are going out to farming. Mr. Kane has a long record' of service with the Scottish Rifles^5 but, like many another ex- service man, has had little work .since -the war, so he is^ going to a place where he can get something to do. The party was in charge of Father MacDonnell, of Glengarry,. who has come home specially from Red Deer, Alberta, to conduct this party back to the farm lands there. Pie is carrying on the work of the other famous MacDonnell priests of Glengarry and a quotation from the "Quebec Gazette," of 7th September, 1785, is interesting. "Arrived ship M'Donald, Captain Robert Stevenson, from Greenock, with emigrants nearly the whole of a parish in the North of Scotland, who emigrated with their priest, Rev. Alexander MacDonnell, Scotus, to better their case." Again in 1803 it was a Father MacDonnell, of Glengarry, who took out the disbanded men of the Glengarry Fencibles, and here today Father MacDonnell is carrying on the good work. The. arrangements this year prevent any danger of any of the Father's emigrants failing to find suitable employment. In all ^ cases this year where it has been necessary the fares have been advanced to the emigrants. All children under 17 years of age have been allowed to go free, and should a man not wish to take his wife and family with him at once, when the time has arrived for the wife to go out, her fare will be advanced and the children travel under the same conditions as if the whole family had gone out together. The Farm at Red Deer Father MacDonnell is to take the whole party to Red Deer, Alberta, which is the headquarters of the Scottish Aid society. The Father has a farm there of 11,000 acres, and on it the emigrants are given some experience. Father MacDonnell's idea is that every emigrant should work for one year with a-farmer before going on a far hi a of7 his own. What happens is this.psFather MacDonnell goes to a farnieirmnd takes a 15-years' lease' of. Sacres of that farmer's land. The Aid^'sOciety. build a four-roomed cottage eu. it, and into it goes the emigrant .family. The man works for the farmer, and gets farm worker's wages,; but, of course, has his . own five acres; .and almost in every case the farmer eniployer has thrown in a pig and a cow* All ex- service men, when they have worked for a year with another farmer, will have a farm of their own choosing bought for them by the Canadian Government, While a civilian is allowed .25 years, to,, pay back the original cost of his farm. Father MacDonnell told me that the way the people adapted themselves was perfectly marvellous. As the Father put it, -"They simply tumble into it like'young ducks into Water." The Father is a great believer in the idea of the family as^a unit, and many of his party this time were members of families the other members of which were already settled in Alberta. ^P Folks from Barra Such was the first contingent of the emigrants. The second came alongside the Marloch at her anchorage at Lochboisdale. They had been brought from Barra and Eriskay by the s.s. Hebrides, which acted as tender to the big ship. There were 94 of them, and all with the flush of health and vigour on their faces. There was no sadness here,^ for such great stories are coming to Barra of the success of the folks who went out last year that the islanders are tumbling over each other to fill' up the necessary forms for their passages. In. all the history of emigration the story told me by one of the officials Of the C.P.R. must be unique. He was going round Barra with a little pony and trap, and at various points on the road he came across queues of people waiting to find out if they might get to Canada. Letters From Canada ■i.I saw some of the letters which the emigrants had from the folks at Red Deer, and this phrase is continually appearing, "From the bosom of God I say to you to come out here." It is the most sacred way that an islander can express his be.iefs, and the call has been answered. And not only in letters is the call being made. Of the Barra Contingent one of the most interesting personalities was Awgus Campbell, ■■■from Vatersay. He is 6'5 years of age.aHo does not look his years7 and if you were to examine the army records you would find! a man, Angus Campbell, being enlisted! dnring the Great War as under 45 years of age. One year ago Angus went out to Alberta. Now he owns a farm near the. distribution centre at Red Deer, and he has come back to tell Of the wonderful country to his fellow- islanders,. and to take out with him a son, who has come home from South Africa in order to accompany his father to Canada. The peculiarity of the Barra contingent was that the majority of the emigrants were fisher people who were .going to farming. But they had no fears about the new venture. One girl to whom I spoke was going out to marry a lad who emigrated a^ year ago. His old mother of 73 has already joined her son. Another old couple from North Bay, with their daughter-in-law, are going out to their son, Galium M'Neil, wiio was in Shackle ton's ship on the South Pole expedition. There were two big families from the Island of Eriska3r—MacMillans by name. They had never /heard of "Mary Rose," but the call that was coming- -from far across the sea to them was one full of hope. John, the father of one of the , families, had his pipes with him, and I discovered that he had been pipe-major to the 6th Camerons during the war. Lochboisdale Pier The third! and last party were gathered on the pier at Lochboisdale, when there were tears enough, but the goodbyes again' were all of the nature of "I'll be out next year." It was never, "I'll soon be back," but always, "Hurry up and come out." Altogether 112 souls left Lochboisdale. The most popular man seemed' to be John Macintyre. He is 68 years of age, and Is going out to join a brother, wno is farm;- ing in Manitoba. Every one Wanted to, shake hands with John. With hfp -went Donald Maclnnes, 54 years of^e; and behind th^m. p^me Flora. Miedon- and her five children. Flora came from near Molton, where/ Prince Charlie's Flora was born, and/like her famous namesake, she is seeking fortune across the sea. There was only one case of actual rejection on the Locftboisdale pier. A young fellow, MacPhee, was found to .e suffering from some trouble in his ear, and the doctor would not let him go. He was going out With his widowed mother and hist two brothers and two sisters. The croft hacB *>een sold, and for some agonising minutes the family could not decide what to do. They were for remakiing in the South Uist. But where were they to stay? The authorities, however, with great kindness and tact, managed to: point out that the boy could be taken to Glasgow innrmary and his ear put right, and that -he could follow in a later boat. So' the family left without him. But young: MacPhee would not remain in the tltst. There and thein he got a passage in a boat going to the mainland. Some of the people had come a long distance to emigrate. I met one lassie with a white shawl round her head who had walked 21 miles from Benbecula. She Was Christine Macdonnell, of Carron. Beside her was standing an old woman, who had given up her house the night before so that a party ot Benbecula folks might have shelter. Man Overboard The actual moment of parting was enlivened by two incidents. One man already aboard the boat suddenly developed a desire to take out some heather roots with him to plant on his new farm. He sprang asnore, made for the nearest patch of heather, and got on board with not a second to spare. Another islander, Neil Walker, a renowned local swimmer, was so excited at saying goodbye to some of his friends —Neil was not going abroad—that he fell into the water between the boat and the pier. He was rescued without difficulty, and spent the rest of the day in his wet clothes. Piper John Steele, who had been playing on the pier while the embarkation was taking place, fell over the side of the small boat into the water, but appeared to be none the worse of his ducking, and continued playing "The Highland Wedding" as if nothing had happened. So in the warmth and sunshine of a spring afternoon the Hebrideans sailed out to the Marloch, and the South Uist islanders dispersed to their homes. I walked towards the south-west of the island, and it was difficult to tell where the emigrants had come from. Every black house was occupied; there was someone in every croft. I met th O o n itimmtm. 7-771 » EDMONTON, THROUGH A BARRAGE -AMERT^FMD^P^ ^ ^ OF LIES TO REACH ATTEMPTS ARE MADE TO MISLEAD SETTLERS ON THEIR WAY TO ALBERTA —. _ fijfcz Capt. Gore Hickman Tells Experience—Had Decided to Go Back Home by Time Winnipeg Was Reached— Now Hugely Pleased With His Innisfree Farm That Alberta is being done an immense amount of injury at the present time by certain persons, not alone of eastern Canada but of this province as well, who are losing no opportunity of belittling farming conditions in the central portion of Alberta, is the revelation which has been made to immigration officials in Edmonton since the arrival of) parties of British settlers here in the past few days. There has been one outstanding instance which has come to the attention of the Soldiers' Settlement board, under the jurisdiction of whom the new arrivals are being placed as a result of the Empire settlement scheme. The case in point is that of Captain J Gore-Hickman, a veteran of the world wrar and a man of fine personality, who arrived in the city this week with his family. Pie had been approved by the immigration authorities on the other side and was regarded as one of the most acceptable of new settlers. Before leaving the old country he had been assigned to a farm in the Innisfree district. Soon Met "Knockers" When Capt. Gore-Hickman arrived in Canada he s*oon ran foul of the influence of certain persons whose main business seemed to be to "knock" central Alberta and all the farming opportunities which are being offered here. When he said that he and his flamily were going to take up land under the settlement scheme one group with whom he wras talking on the train exclaimed: "Why, you won't last there for six months; the farm they are giving you is 'land that cannot be cultivated, the house is a log building of the worst type and is filled with bedbugs, and there is no water at all to be found in the country." This was the tenor of the reports which he received all along the line, and when he reached Winnipeg he was completely distrusted with the outlook and -was ready to return to England. This was told to the Journal by Capt. Gore-Hickman himself. However, - he had his ticket through to Edmonton and he eventually decided that he would come on here "just t\o give the officials a piece of his mind," as he put it, for the deception that he believed had been practiced upon him. After unburdening himself of his fury he had thought of going down to the south country and taking up Some irrigated land. ____H_ asked as to his impressions. fc6Th& rooms are large, the house is in excellent condition, and we are looking forward with the brightest hopes.'* Thus has one case of misrepresentation been completely answered. There may be hundreds of others in which an opportunity for refuting false statements does not come. Major Gordon himself feels keenly over the stories which have been circulated. "10 the people -of Alberta would only realize," he said to the* Journal, "that every settler of this type is an. asset worth thousands of dollars to the province they would see that nothing is done to turn such men away." Arrives in Edmonton He arrived in Edmonton with his family a few days ago and Major Gordon, district superintendent of the S.S.B., had been prepared for his arrival, for he had received wires from Winnipeg officials telling him that the captain was much dissatisfied and did not look like a good prospect. Soon. after he reached the city he stormed into the office of the district superintendent, ready to unburden himself. Repeating what he had been told by those with whom he had been in conversation in the east he demanded to know what the authorities meant by imposing on him. He would go back to England and expose the whole business. With a quiet twinkle in his eye, Major Gorden listened to his story without comment, and when the captain had finished he produced a file from his desk. "How would you like a farm like this?" the superintendent asked, and he then proceeded to read the description : Fifty-eight acres stubble, ten more ready for crop, 50 with easy clearing, house 28x40 with hot and cold running water, barn, granary, close to market, half) a mile from a summer resort— And thus he continued, giving the details from the file. "That would be fine. I wouldn't look for anything so good," was the rejoinder. This Was His Farm "Well, this is the farm that has been assigned to you from the first," said Major G'ordon, and he handed over to the surprised newcomer the file bearing the name of "Captain Gore - Hi ckmsan" with all the details regarding himself! and his family, as we.1 as complete particulars of the property which is within a short distance of Innisfree. The captain was delighted andi realized that he . had, naturally enough, been grossly misled by the reports which he had received in coming across the continent. Arrangements wrere made for him to go down and look over the land himself while his family remained in Edmonton pending the arrival of their furniture. He returned to the city yesterday and is enthusiastic over the farm which has been assigned him. "It is absolutely satisfactory in every way and I am highly pleased," he told the Journal when he was EJyysn^VoY, B?/)7er-iv,.^#>r]-| _*. r TOBIN WANTS REVALUATION Liberal Member for Leduc Submits Resolution on Soldier Farm Lands. Revaluation of lands, stock and equipment of the soldier farmers, located by the Soldier Settlement Board on a basis of cost of replacement, was suggested in a resolution .submitted by S. G. Tobin, Liberal member for Leduc in the legislature yesterday, and which was passed unanimously. The resolution which reaffirms a similar resolution passed in the legislature two years ago is as follows: "That this House reaffirm the resolution adopted by this Legislature, March 22, 192 2, in effect that soldier farmers, located by the Soldiers Settlement Board, are justly entitled to a revaluation of their land, stock and equipment, on the basis of th© cost of replacement and based on such a valuation to a proper and equitable readjustment of the amount due from them to the Soudiers' Settlement Board; such readjustment of payments to equitably adjust past payments as well as payments accruing. "Further, that this Government not only continues to urge upon the Federal Government the importance and necessity of such action, but that in the interest of the state it pledges all reasonable co-operation and assistance in facilitating the bringing about of this reform in as far as the Province of Alberta is concerned." Mr. Tobin in speaking to the resolution said that the land had been purchased by the soldier farmers at peak prices, and were now finding it difficult to keep up their payments as a result of the reduction of all farrn commodities. Even the farmers with twenty years of experience were finding it difficult to keep above board, and it was much harder for the soldier settlers who were just beginning. J. C. Bowen, Liberal member for Edmonton concurred in the views expressed by Mr. Tobin, and in seconding the resolution said terms were such that very few could be expected to meet them on any reasonable manner. It was unfair to expect the settlers to live up to an impossible agreement. J. K,. Love, Farmer member for Wainwright said that he had heard that some 4,000 farms had gone back as the settlers were unable to make the payments. On the other hand the B^me land was being revalued at a much lower basis and was to be sold to incoming immigrants at a lower price. It wa$ hardly fair to those who had held on that they should pay the higher price, when those who had taken farms that had gone back were paying much less. Something should be done to improve this condition in the near future, he declared. M. C. McKeen, Farmer member for Lao Ste Anne heartily endorsed the amendment. He said that he had heard that every Alberta member in the Ottawa house was doing everything possible to have a revaluation of the land and equipment made. jFJ^nl^fo^RlLll^r^^^ Apiril n-/9?tr. FUNDS FOR FARM LOANS. The report prepared by Dr. Tory for the t Dominion Government on the subject of agricul-; tural credit schemes touches a matter of concern,! to the farmers in all parts of the Dominion and! thus closely related to the business conditions of j the entire country. It is tlie product of long and! wide research and is deserving the best attention j of Parliament, with a view to setting up the ma- j ehinery that is recommended. I Farming is a capitalistic enterprise. It cannot i be entered into without the investment of money, nor carried on in a progressive way unless fresh j capital can be got when it is needed to provide buildings, implements or stock. Not all who wish to start farming, or who would better their condition in life if they did so, have the means with which to buy land, improve and equip it. Not all j who are already on farms have the money with which to adapt their equipment to the carrying on of more economic or profitable operations. If wild land is to be brought into cultivation in a large way, and existing farms put in position to earn the best returns for their owners, these undertakings will very largely have to be financed by capital that is borrowed—and must be repaid. Whether that is. made easy, or is even possible, is by no means a matter of sole concern to the farmer. The welfare of the town, population is equally at stake. Cities cannot • permanently prosper while the industry which sustains them is handicapped, and Canadian cities depend upon the farmer more than upon any other class of producer. Western cities particularly are dependent for active trading conditions and for growth upon the breaking up of more presently unused land, and upon the more complete utiliza tion of the land that is already under cultivation. The farmer has long complained that the banks and the loan companies are not designed to serve his particular needs. His contentions are mainly two; that long term loans are difficult to secure, and th_*t when secured the interest rate is more than he is able to carry. Neither the banking nor the loaning system was specially framed with a view to providing capital on long terms and at low rates for the creation, purchase and improvement of farms. And while the loan companies have lent large sums of money for this purpose, the results cannot be said to have been altogether satisfactory to either party concerned. The companies now have a good deal of farm property that they would gladly get rid of, while—and because—the former owners have been unable to repay the loans. Seven out of the nine provinces, Alberta included, have adopted provincial credit schemes, intended to supply the farmer or the would-be farmer with capital. Dr. Tory finds that none of these schemes are working, for the reason that the provincial Government cannot or will not appropriate the money to the purpose. Of the seven, Manitoba seems to have been the most active in advancing money ,and recent despatches announced that the bulk of the local credit ass£>cia- IURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 2, 1925. Complete Preparations To Welcome Settlers' Families] WINNIPEG, Man., April 1.—F. J. Freer, district superintendent of the Land Settlement Board, said tonight that preparations were complete to welcome the seven settlers' families who landed from the S.S. Canopic at Halifax recently and who are duej here tomorrow, to settle in Manitoba, He described a welcome typical of that being accorded by the various communities to the settlers. When P. H. Bird from Newton Poppleford, Devon, England, arrived at Manitou, Man. yesterday, with his wife and four children, a reception committee of five met and escorted him to his new home, a cottage which had been entirely prepared for immediate possession. Four other fam ilies -have been accorded a similar reception by the Manitou towns- Mr. Freer said he had received advices from the London office today which made it appear doubtful whether more than 100 families would come over under the settlement scheme this year. The advices said that while the London office was swamped with applications, the thorough examination into the suitability of the applicants made it impossible to pass more than 100 monthly. tions in that province had been put in the hands of a receiver. The prospect of the provinces undertaking the business lone-handed is therefore not good. The proposal is that the Dominion Government should supply the provinces with money, and that they in turn should re-loan it to farmers, keeping control of the operations through local boards or commissions. That at least would solve the problem of getting a supply of farm capital. As the provinces would become responsible for the money, with interest, to the Dominion Government, the next question is whether the provincial authorities would take up the plan. If the provincial credit schemes have been left in abeyance because money could not be obtained, that difficulty would be overcome. If the stickler has been that money could not be loaned to farmers under such schemes at lower rates arid more favorable conditions than loan companies were willing to supply it for, the situation will be affected to the extent to which the Dominion is able to borrow and turn over to the provinces at lower rates than the provinces could borrow on their own account. The investigation and report by Dr. Tory has achieved one purpose. It has substituted facts for suppositions, and provides a definite basis on which the provincial authorities can judge tho workability of a farm loan project. Form No. 504 Cmia&a, "In Replying Please Qyote File No. E A }v>o\i\o^\So*W\a7\ mi setihg PUCE FOB cim Southern Paper Afraid Calgary May Be Left Somewhat Behind CALGAPvY, Mar. 24.—The Calgary Herald has the following editorial: "Edmonton Setting Pace For Calgary." "Th© people of Calgary will have noted three significant dispatches from Edmonton lately. "One tells of the launching of a huge scheme to settle 260,000 acres north and east of Edomnton. this large enterprise being in the hands of a group of prominent Britishers with a Canadian advisory board. "Another tells of a conference of delegates from Red Deer north and from Lloydminster on the east, called together at Edmonton to formulate a vigorous and effective policy of land settlement for North-' ern Alberta. "The third is a record of the success already attained by Edmonton business men in raising a $30,000 fund to be spent on publicity this year for Edmonton and district. "Here is ample evidence of exceptional activity centreing upon Edmonton at attract settlers and capital to that city and the surrounding country. "This activity in Edmonton and tha north should spur Calgary to similar energy. Will it be admitted that Edmonton has more to offer than Calgary, that the Edmonton district is in any way more wrorthy of support than the Calgary district? There can be only one answer to these questions, an answer in the negative. "Still Calgary must protect its position as the commercial metropolis of Alberta. Speaking quite frankly, Calgary must not permit Edmonton to steal a march on this city. I "Edmonton's activity at the present time is commendable but Calgary has always led in this province and must continue to lead. "To take advantage of present conditions, and to protect Calgary's position as the leading city, industrially, commercially and financially, are reasons ..why The Herald ad vocates the raising of an adequate publicity fund to be, spent carefully this year in promoting the progress of this city and Southern Alberta;" Practical Welcome Awaits Coming Hebridean Settlers When the Hebridean settlers arrive in Alberta this week end, they will receive a hearty welcome, as far as it is in the power of the soldier settlement board, the Catholic Women's league and the immigration authorities. Field men of the S. S. board have endeavored to interest the residents of settlements to which the newcomers are going, in order that they may receive a neighborly welcome when they arrive. But this is not all. In the offices of the soldier settlement boar.d today, a group of members of the Catholic Women's league were busily engaged in packing hampers of provisions, sufficient to last two or three days, Which will be sent to the families in their new homes. The groceries and provisions were donated by friends interested in the work, and the Catholic Women's [ league kindly undertook the task ! of packing. These hampers wTill l serve to tide the families over ! until they get their bearings so to speak, and are able to look after their own wants. Boards of trade in the different centres are also cooperating with the authorities • in the good work pf welcoming the Hebrideans, and this welcome will take material form in a job for every man. The party includes a number of young women whose intention it is to engage in domestic work. Positions have also been secured for these, and carefully chosen from many applications in order that they may find themselves in home's where their first impressions of Alberta will be pleasant. While a few will remain in the city, the greater number will be placed in rural homes. They are accustomed to rural life and will find it easier fitting into the country homes than in city homes. THB ETBtONTQN BULLETIN, OCT. 18. 1924. o 0 \J HEBRIDEANS^ HARVESTING GOOD CROPS Northern Wheat Will Average at Le_tst Thirty Bushels per Acre "Taking the poor district with the good, the average wheat yield for northern Alberta this year will run at least thirty bushels to the acre", says Captain J. Gallagher of the Soldier Settlement Board, who retmed to the. city yesterday from a tour of the surrounding districts. The statement made is based on careful computations, and informa tion received from scores of threshing outfits met on the trip, whUo the figures mentioned is conservative Threshing in the (Strome distri.t was halted by a deluge of rain whic 1 felt on Monday; as a result the roads were almost impassable for cars ar.d the grain cleaning machines wer. idle. Wheat will average from thirt- to forty acres in this district with oats running from fifty five to sixty five. Two thirds of the threshing ".s» done in the Camrose territory the grain yields there averaging thirty five to forty for wheat and from fifty five to seventy for oats. In the Ohaton and Daysland areas the grai . separating Is about half completed ! with wheat running from thirty to forty and oats from fifty five to sixty five, while as far as could be judged there was sufficient help available for the threshing machines throughout the country. Captain Gallagher brings word that the Hebridean settlers w^o were placed on land in the Ohaton district by the <S. &. B„ are doing very well and are chanting hymns of praise in Gaelic about Alberra and its productivity. Their crop® were rather late in being put in but all the islanders have oats, which though a trifle on the green side should run from jfifty five to sixty five busheles to the acre. The Hebrideans appear to have "got the hang of" farming in Alberta; tie crop they are now garnering were sown by themselves, and they required very little assistance from outside sources. As well they have plenty of hay and green feed put up, and will be in the possession or some real coin of the realm this fall as a result of their first year's' farming in the west. Captain Gallagher took a par+y of five Americans out to visit the P'onoka farming country. These men were from Kansas and Missouri; were substantial farmers and the advance guard for a number of others who expect to locate here this fall. They did not purchase land but were satisfied with wh pt they saw, saying they would return later with their families and friends. THE EDMONTON JQliBNAL - AUGUST 1^ ______ 1924. Oq: BIG GROUPS SETTLERS ARRIVE IN EDMONTON AND RED DEER TODAY Immigrants from North of Scotland and Ireland—Well Educated and Generally of Fine" Type-—Settlement Board Officials Meet Them Well pleased with their first impressions of Alberta, 129 Irish and Scotch settlers arrived by the Canadian Pacific railway in Edmonton at 8:30, Wednesday morning. This large party was made up chiefly of small families, although i two contained nine and eight members respectively, and there was a small sprinkling of single men. All the new settlers are of a hardy and well educated type who have had some previous farming experience. They will be settled in the Edmonton district by the Land Settlement board, chiefly in small cottages, while working for local farmers until such time as they have gained sufficient knowledge of farming conditions in this province to enable them to take farms for themselves.._ Party Handled Quickly Within a few minutes of the train steaming into the Canadian Pacific station the large party had been detrained and gathered together under supervision of Major Herbert Gordon and staff of the Land Settlement board, and Immigration hall and railway officials. Within a.few more minutes the whole party had been shepherded off the platform—baggage and all-—and bundled into a special street car, waiting at 109th street, which took them down to the Immigration hall. There, a hot breakfast was served which every one of the new settlers welcomed with joy. The despatch with which the newcomers were handled speaks well for the arrangements made, for in less time than many ordinary tra- pelers had taken to move away from the train the party had vanished. Practically all the party are Catholics—though strictly speaking it was supposed to be non-sectarian —and Father Quilty and Father Dobson traveled all the way from Great Britain with them. Father McDonnell in East Father McDonnell was not present, although to all intents and purposes it was his party and the third that he has brought over to this country. He is remaining in the east to attend a conference in the Maritime provinces, where he is conferring with regard to immigration problems and looking into conditions generally and the results of previous similar immigration projects.' Other officials oh the train with Father Quilty and Father Dobson were H. E. White of the Land Settlement board at Calgary, and E. Officer, traveling passenger agent for the Canadian Pacific railway. On the platform to-greet old friends were two Hebrideans. who came out with the last party. Donald and Ii. McLeod, who were'ready to tell of theh* own success since arriving in this district. ■-.._-7. Pleased With Country Many, of the Phew arrivals were only too glad to speak of their impressions of the trip and the country, as it appeared to them. Pat McCourt and his wife, with three children, from Dumbarton, and John Egan and his wife and two children, from Glasgow, declared that the trip on the Mar bum from Glasgow to. Quebec was grand. They said that they thought Canada a fine country and were well pleased with the reception given them by everyone they came in contact with. They like the Canadians for their hospitality, they said. Irish and Scotch j Of the 129 in the party the greater i proportion are Irish and the remainder Scotch. Here and there wag to be fbund an odd Hebridean, but more of this latter type were dropped off at Red Deer from the same train when 108 were left there. As a rule the families are made up of the crofter and farm laborer type, and in ; education a class above the general run of immigrant. Practically all the men are ex-soldiers, many wearing the badge of the British Legion. The largest family in the party was a Highland one by name of Crawford numbering nine, and the Williams family flrom Dumbarton numbered eight. All the others contained on an average two and three children. Father Quilty handled the party of Hebrideans that landed, in Alberta earlier in the year, with Father MacDonnell, and went back to the old country on May 1 to look around for more. Pie traversed the whole of northern Ireland, gradually picking up families for settlement, and he states that most of his followers are from the Londonderry district. Father MacDonnell did his work in Scotland, chiefly around Glasgow, and Father Dobson hails from Liverpool. Father Quilty and Father Dobson all spoke of the splendid arrangements and the ease with which the party was conducted. On the other hand, Father Quilty contrasted the arrival of a large party pf Hungarians at Winnipeg who are now Stranded there simply because they j arrived unconducted and without any j means of being properly settled. Gj*?<^~ fit***, /f76 NEW ALBERTA SETTLERS -0- —Q— ~_0_ _Q__ _(>_ Britishers Will Take Up Land Thirty-five more new settlers for Alberta farm lands will sail from the other side of the Atlantic on Friday. This time the newcomers will be all-British stock and will represent the first fruits of the special immigration work done in England during the past month or two by James Colley, who has been campaigning in behalf of the provincial irrigation council. There will be ten families in the party, and they all have some money to bring with them, ranging in various sums up to $2,500. In addition to the thirty-five individuals belonging to these families, it is understood that some single men are also being included in the part}', but the exact number is not yet known. Still more families will be leaving England for Alberta a little later, according to advices from Mr. Colley and they, like the party now about to leave, will all be experienced farmers. Mr. Colley states that there are excellent prospects for drawing a large number of desirable farm settlers from England, though the amount of capital they will be able to bring with them will likely be small. It is the intention to settle these families in irrigated lands in the Lethbridge northern district, where two parties of Dutch immigrants have already been located. Some of them will take employment with resident farmers for the first year, but others will take up farming on their own account. About one hundred persons will have been added to the population of the province as the result of the immigration efforts of the irrigation council during present season, including both the British and Dutch contingents. In every case theunewr- comers are looked upon as *fore- runners who will be good publicity agents for Alberta if they are as successful in their new homes as there is now reason to believe they will be. Mr. Colley is sailing for home on Friday with the British party, which he will accompany to Lethbridge, O EMIGRATION PLAN RECEIVES SETBACK Britain Refuses to Sanction Plan of Having Boys Go to Hostels i (Canadian Preea Cttfcl^ LONDON, April 8.—Repfesenta- ! fives of the Canadian National and j Canadian Pacific railways, who Wait* ed on the overseas settlement com^ mittee yesterday with regard to a new plan for the emigration of boy settlers for Canada received rather an unexpected setback. It was proposed by the railway representatives that boys should be accepted from individual households i in Britain as distinct from institu- j tions and that the boys so selected I should proceed to hostels maintained j by each of the railways concerned j preparatory to taking up work in j the dominion. William Lunn, parliamentary sec- | retary to the overseas trade department, told the railway representatives that official support could not be extended to their plan. It is understood that Secretary Lunn'g attitude is due to the unwillingness of the MacDonald government to appear to sanction the breaking up of households involved in the railways' proposal. The government favors settling groups of I families on the land in Canada and j steps to this end have been taken i by the overseas settlement commit- j tee. BEING AN IMMIGRANT IS NOT SO TOUGH NOW Red Cross Looks After the Women from Time of Arrival Till Settled The phrase "strangers in a strange land" has no (particular significance for immigrants to Canada who no ,v are reaahjing Edmonton. At »the port Of debarkation in the east the w?o- men and children from the old country and from Europe are greeted at the wharf by Red Cross Nurses. Tired, anxious and flustered mothers are at once in friendly hands; baby is taken care of while she arranges matters for her further journey westward, while tho Red I Cross staff helps and advises her in | every possible way. With the departure for the west, the Edmonton office is advised, and on arrival here the superintendent pf the Red Cross visits the newcomer at her home, sees that she is put in touch with her friends or relatives, advises her in various ways jand^in general makes sure that the I new* Albertan feels she has friends ; here who are ready at all times to assist her. 6 THE_^?MNTOH BULLETIN 0 rtiLY ; 3 ______ 1924. •0 A \J ETTER SETTLER PLAN IS SOUGHT Officials In England Do Not Know Alberta Conditions, Says Britisher METHODS CRITICIZED Australia's Group Colonization Scheme Held As Example u 8-No Canadian emigration officers Ifin England appear to know that the H Dominion Government is looking [after settlers in Alberta in the way k tliey are doing—^taking the immi*- | grants and finding work and land I for them—and no one interested in, a colonization matters there is at all |l aware of what is being accom- 1 plished." ' So says W. R. Park, shipping agent of Exeter, Devon, who is on a| tour of the West to discover pos-J! sibilities for himself, and who ia astonished at wrhat has been done for the newcomers who have been sent to Alberta to find homes. Mr. Park is closely connected withp the immigration of Devon men of the agricultural type. "With the Canadian Emigration Officers in England located at the ports and large cities, and not in the farming areas, it is impossible for the would- be Canadian farmers to find out; l what Canada has to offer to prospective settlers," he said. Statement Given In an interview with The Bulle- . tin, Mr. Park issued the following statement for publication, and as his firm has been instrumental in ! sending many Devon men to Alberta I his remarks on the immigration question should be worthwhile. He says: 4'This vast country, with boundless possibilities, cries out for population, population, and still more population. The land is ready to give her wealth, but will never be at her best untilf to mixed farming, stock and dairy- Ping. This I think is the type most I needed in Alberta at the present time; men who will and are able to go in for mixed farming and not stake all in the easier but more speculative grain growing solely. "The difficulty in getting these people out here can be summed up in one word—finance—and can be easily understood when we consider tfiat the British Agricultural Wages P>oard has passed a law that the minimum wages paid to a farm hand should be thirty shillings, which is less than $7.00 at the present rate of exchange. "This is also invariably the maximum wage and with it the farm hand has to rent his cottage and ■ provide for his family. It is obviously impossible for this man to save enough out of such a small wage to pay his fare to a distant point like Edmonton, the present cost from Exeter being about $150. "The Canadian Government, however, has followed the example of the Australian Government and has introduced a system of ^nominated passages* which enables any employer of labor In this country to specify the names of those whom he wishes to get out here. Provided they are passed by the English agent of the Canadian Government, the full amount of the passage is advanced to the emigrant, .while the Dominion Government takes the responsibility of collecting the money so advanced. "In the West jjf England we have, numbers of small farmers and farmj laborers who would be successful in; Canada, and who wrould be villing to come to Alberta, but until some scheme is put into operation to assist them, the probability is that they will migrate to Australia and the other dominions as in the past/*] MORE SETTLERS | DUEINALBERTA Sixty Homesteads Filed on at the Local Office in March you Canadians get more settlers in the country. "Edmonton has gone ahead very much .since my last visit, but I can remember the time when the city was reached by 'bus from Strathcona, and later, on another visit, I saw Jasper Avenue being coated with macadam for the first time in its history. The city carries the appeal it always does, but the country seems almost as bare as it was twelve or eighteen years ago; but this feeling may be due to the comparisons with thej more thickly populated areas in the Old Country, which naturally come to mind. Australia's Scheme "The Australian Government has commenced a, group settlement scheme in Western Australia for the men of Devon and Cornwall. This project I have been very actively engaged in during1 the last winter, and I should very much like to see the Canadian Government promote a similar scheme for the Dominion. "In. Australia the settler has to clear very heavy timber off the land before he can put a plow into it, | and the cost of clearing the land! alone runs to about $90 an acre.j In Western Canada there are millions of acres which would not cost! a red cent to clear—obviously the; advantage of the settler is in West-* ern Canada. "The type of settler sent out to Australia is the man used from birth March was a busy month at the Dominion Eand office here. Sixty homesteads were filed upon as well as three soldier grants, while sixty two applications for patent were made. Letters received totalled 5,449, while 6,576 were sent out. That these figures wall be greatly exceeded during the present month is the anticipation of officials, as every mail still continues to bring sheaves of enquiries from, all over the United States. A sailor on the TJ7S.S. "Beaufort" at present lying in New Tork harbor writes today that he is tired of the sea and looks forward to the life agricultural in Johnny Canuck's country. He wdll soon be discharged from the Navy, and wants a homesteUd in "the interior of Alberta." A man from Centralia, Washington, writes that he would like to settle on the Little Smoky River in the Peace country, other inquiries come from Paradise Valley in tho Rainier National Park, and from Seattle, Wash. A prospective settler from "dear ole Alabam" wants to know if there is any prairie land in Alberta and says: "I am going up north as soon as I can get shut of what I own down here in Alabama." £ohiv&™£to ItoOTsrn/-, 7\^auX 3o___¥_ ALBERTA FARMERS GET 223,814,304.00 RETURN ON WORK LAST SEASON Yield from Wheat Alone Is $108,722,000; Sales of Oats More Than Double Combined Production of Manitoba and Saskatchewan Farmers of the prairie provinces received an aggregate income of $381,600,647 on Imports from their farms as a result of 1923 operations. According to figures just released by government officials, the farmers of Manitoba were the recipients of a total income of $86,228,593; Saskatchewan farmers, $171,557,750, while Alberta farmers received $223,814,304. Sale of their wheat brought the farmers by far the greatest proportion of their income on farm exports. Saskatchewan leads the way in the export of wheat, selling 210,000,000 bushels at an average price of 65 cents a bushel. Alberta followed closely with the largest wheat crop in the history of the province, disposing of 167,265,084 bushels at 65 cents a bushel, yielding around $108,722,304. Manitoba farmers were paid an average price of 67 cents a bushel for their wheat, selling 32,804,000 bushels during the year. Though Saskatchewan netted a larger total return on Its wheat production than the other provinces, value received on this commodity represents nearly 80 per cent, of the Saskatchewan farmers' total income for their farm products. On the other hand, wheat contributed less than 50 per cent, of the Alberta farmers* income and about 36 per cent, of Manitoba's. Alberta takes a long lead In the sale of oats by exporting 144,977,300 bushels, which represents several million dollars more than the combined receipts of the farmers of Manitoba and Saskatchewan for this grain. Alberta was also in the lead for the sale of fodder crops, receiving more than $12,500,000 for the sale of hay and clover alone, a figure which is not nearly equalled by her sister provinces. In the sale of dairy products and livestock, the Alberta farmers netted more than the receipts of the Saskatchewan and Manitoba farmers' ^ combined Incomes in this department. __$^ Q.Ot <XuA- IHH- filliCIPilllllS ON MEETS IRE Annual Convention Will Be Hdd in Edmonton on November 5-6 Steps are already being taken to prepare, the program for the annual convention of the Union of Alberta Municipalities at Edmonton on November 5 and 6. The place of meeting has not yet been fixed, but.it will probably be held at the council chamber in the city hall. J. M. Miller, secretary-treasurer, has sent out a circular letter urging the need of a full representation i from all parts of the province. It is j pointed out that each municipality should have at least one delegate7 in attendance. Councils are also reminded of? the need of preparing resolutions? and getting them in early so that they may be presented to the convention. The Association of Municipal Secretary-Treasurers will meet at Edmonton at the same time as the councilmen gather, according to the secretary-treasurer, J. Fitzallen of Vegreville. 0 9 i o THS EDMONTON BULLETIN, APRIL 15, 1924. o All the Hebridean settlers who arrived in the city on Friday evening were in the possession of jobs Saturday morning. Eighty of them left the city for their new homes that day. The balance were all on their way Monday morning and would have left the city earlier but that there were no trains on Sunday to take them. "If the islanders had arrived on Thursday instead of Friday, they would all have been on the way to the work secured for them the following morning," said Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the Land Settlement Branch of the Department of Immigration here. The party in all numbered 154, and consisted of twenty-one families. In these groups there .were one hundred juniors, this latter category including twenty-five young men old enough to work. There were also thirteen girls, most of whom found immediate employment in various homes in the city,; while there were fourteen single young men—not connected with the family groups. Irish Go To Ivillam. The last to leave the Immigration hall for their new places of residence were three Irish families who had to wait for the train to Killam where they will commence their experiences of life in the Canadian west. Fifteen employers were In the city Friday evening and marched off triumphant with their charges, and ten times the number of the sturdy men from northern Scotland could have been, placed, HEBRIDEANS QUICKLY PLACED SINCE THEIR ARRIVAL HERE Many of Settlers Out of City Morning After Reaching Edmonton—Arrangements for Reception Went ClJLai 'hf ia Forward Without a Hitch / <f 7£ _ __. say the Land Settlement Board officials. With the exception of the girls, who are working in the city, the balance of the immigrants have all been placed on farms by the Land Settlement Branch, while a few of the lassies who preferred country life to the city, were found positions where they were in close contact with their parents. Five of the families have gone to live in the cottages at St. Albert, which were specially built for them, and w'here they will be employed by the farmers in the vicinity,-the others of the party being routed to farms in the neighborhood of Killam, Wetaskiwin, Legal, Ardrossan and other points. The arrangements made for the reception and distribution of the settlers went forward without a hitch; every man on the staff of the Land Settlement Board had a special job to do and did it, while the shepherding of the islanders did not stop with their exodus from Edmonton. - Met By Supervisors. On arrival at their destination they were met at the depot by the field supervisors of the board and taken to the farm, where the government agent satisfied himself that each party suited the other. Some of the immigrants were without funds, while on the other hand members of the party were possessed of sufficient to give them a start in the new land. All were cheerful, and though the clan spirit and the home ties may be strong they did not evidence this at parting from one another, and all set out with every evidence of contentment. THE RIGHT KIND OF SETTLERS. The arrival of a large party of Hebrideans on Friday is one of the most important developments cf the season in regard to immigration. Those hardy folk from the northern isles are of a type suited to the country and bound to succeed here, They are used to the hard work that counts more for success in Canada than anything else, and counts more here than it does almost anywhere else. There need be little doubt that these newcomers will make good, or that their industry will well repay the welcome they receive. ; _ , ,—_______ o Loan to Adults, Grants To Children Are Features New Immigration Policy Important Agreement of Cooperation Entered Into with British Government—Land Settlement Branch Organized—Enlarge Passage Arrangement (By Canadian Press) OTTAWA, Feb. 5.—Policies which have just been adopted for the selection, transportation and colonization of British immigrants were outlined last night by Hon. J. A. Robb, minister of immigration and colonization. They include an agreement of cooperation with the British government in contributing to the transportation expenses of selected immigrants by means of a loan in the case of adults, and of an outright grant in the case of children. Announcement is also made that a land settlement branch has been organized as the colonization arm of the department of immigration and colonization to ensure that new settlers will be directed to lands where they can have the best opportunities of success, and I to safeguard them from exploitation in the purchase price of farms which they buy. Provision is made for enlarging the scope of the nominated passage arrangement for the benefit of residents in Canada not personally acquainted with persons whom they wish to nominate. Aid to Three Types The agreement which has just been completed with the imperial government provides for financial assistance to three types of British immigrants, namely, children, nominated persons, and household workers. The amount of such assistance is limited, in the case of children who have not reached their seventeenth birthday, to a grant not exceeding their transportation to destination in Canada. Assistance may be given to "nominated persons" in the form of a loan, repayable without interest, not exceeding the total cost of transportation at lowest third class rate from the port of embarkation in the United Kingdom to the rail destination in Canada. Similar assistance in the form of a loan is provided for household workers, with the additional provision that at the end of twelve months from the date of arrival in Canada a refund of £5 shall be made to each female household worker who has remained for that period on a farm in Canada and who has meantime satisfactorily paid the instalments oh her loan. Persons may be nominated for assistance under the nominated passage scheme by British subjects already resident in Canada, by the dominion government or any of its agents, or by any provincial government in Canada or its agents. Of particular importance is the fact that under the new arrangements persons in Canada wishing to nominate residents of Great Britain to receive assistance as provided under the agreement with the British government need not now be personally acquainted with the nominee. Nomination papers may be obtained from any dominion or provincial government agent and may be submitted to the manager of any chartered bank who will forward them to officials of the department of immigration and colonization at Ottawa, who will arrange With representatives in Great Britain to select a suitable immigrant and fill his name as the nominee. Loans made to single men and women are repayable in- quarterly instalments and must be repaid within one year from landing in Canada. Loans made to married men will be repayable in semi-annual instalments and must be completely repaid within three years of arrival in Canada. Only persons who have been approved by officials of the dominion government and imperial government will be eligible for assistance, either by loan or grant. The cost of assistance will be borne equally by the dominion government and the imperial government, but each government will bear its own expenses in administering its share of the undertaking. "In addition to this agreement with the imperial government for selection and assistance of immigrants," said Mr. Robb, "we are providing for their reception and settlement in Canada along lines most likely to ensure their becoming successful Canadians." "This will be accomplished by means of a land settlement branch of the department of immigration and colonization, whose duty it would be to see that new settlers are directed to lands where they can have the best opportunities of success and to safeguard them from exploitation in the purchase price of farms which they may buy. The land settlement branch will be assisted, in each of its districts, by advisory settlement boards composed of outstanding mortgage and loan men and agriculturists, who will pass on the suitability of land and the fairness of purchase price of all privately owned lands listed with the branch. They will advise the departmental official on the distribution of settlement, that is, having regard to local problems, on the number and type of settler which can be most readily assimilated in any particular locality. Through their influence and initiation it is hoped, to start community welfare associations in those districts where new settlers are com; ing in in considerable numbers." Already Engaged The new branch is already engaged In a survey of farm employment opportunities, and will assist in providing farm employment and also ^ . ■HBBjHBBnHnHHgl .-. IOURNAL. February 6, 19S4. TO HELP NEW IMMIGRANTS Ex-Service Men from Great Britain and a Number Hungarians Are to Be Brought Over as Settlers of PLANS for. putting settlers on the land in Canada and training them to take their part as resident workers continue to be brought forward at intervals. One of the most recent is a plan made In behalf of the ex-service men of Great Britain, of whom there are said to be 0,000,000 from whom to choose. There is an obvious desire on the part of the British, veterans to obtain first hand information about conditions and opportunities in this country, and an official of their association has been in Canada for the past six months looking into the situation. It is the intention of the promoters of this scheme that men should be selected from among the great number in England with one primary end in view, that they shoupv make good Canadian citizens. They would not be lured here by a rosy description of Canada, but would be given the exact truth about its several provinces. They would be shown that hardships and privation, in many cases, would lie ahead for those who settle on the land. Coming From England The farmers' requirements will be sounded, and men coming to Canada will be pledged to remain on the land for at least six months, their wages for this period going to an authority which wall watch their interests. After a year's work under a farmer here the veteran could obtain a quarter-section from the government, if he so desired, but would not be permitted to leave until It was fully paid for. This scheme, it Is claimed, would have the effect of keeping immigrants In the country and away from already congested cities, and after a Canadian farmer had once employed a Britisher of the type to be sent, he wrould want another, and would thus further promote immigration by his demand. The immigrant would also likely send overseas for a friend I to help him work his quarter-section, ' when it was obtained. The authority for his well being during his preliminary period would be a tribunal. A federal tribunal would be formed, composed of the ministers of Immigration and agriculture, th.d immigration . commissioners of the Canadian Pacific and Canadian National railways, a representative of t*1© veterang aj?d others. ^Provincial -rpttyunals would'be formed, as Well as district tribunals, which would have direct contact with immigrants. The- veterans desire to make Canadian farmers say, "There are still good men in the old country,"' and to surpass foreigners at agriculture out west. The plan embraces tho bringing of 500,000 men and other large numbers for the next decade. To Train Hungarians Another promising plan for the training and settlement of continentals in Canadian farm life is shortly to be tried out at Brantford, Ont., where the old Bow Park farm, at one time owned by George Brown, of the Toronto Globe, has been purchased for the purpose by G. V. Hamdry, a banker of Youngstown. Ohio, acting on behalf of a Hungarian group interested in emigration to Canada. Bow Park farm will be operated by the Canadian Immigrant Farmers' Educational brotherhood to train continentals, chiefly Hungarians, how to farm in Canada, at the same time teaching them the English language and instructing them generally in Canadian ways. When the immigrant is thought to be sufficiently trained to branch out for himself, he will be aided in the purchase of a farm in the west and helped to establish himself as a good Canadian citizen. Only intending settlers on the land who will guarantee to remain in the dominion will be accepted for the scheme. Each prospective settler will have to be possessed of sufficient money to give him a start in Canada. He must pay $100, which will later be returned to him, to join the brotherhood, and must also save $10 a month out of the $20 that will be paid him monthly for his services at Bow Park farm. Both the $100 and the accumulated savings, with interest, will be handed back to him when he purchases a farm for himself. Mr. Hamony will go to Europe shortly to bring out the first party for Bow Park farm, and will return with them in April. About one hundred men, many of whom will be accompanied by their families, will be placed on the farm and given training and regular school instruction. Other parties will follow "as soon as the first immigrants have left Bow Park to settle on their own farms. Those operating the farm will make the venture pay for itself by intensive raising of garden truck for sale to the Brantford canneries. Hungarian and Canadian agricultural experts will instruct the immigrants in Canadian farming. O O f o o GLASGOW PAPER CALLS ON DOMINION TO SHOW LETTERS FROM GROUCHERS ARE FALSE Truth In Any Case Would Be Less Harmful Than Steady Stream of Rumors Impossible to Verify or Disprove Says the Herald GLASGOW, Feb. 5.—The Canadian government in its own interests should be prepared to offer every facility to expert investigators to prove the truth or falsity of the adverse reports being received in Great Britain from British immigrants tithe dominion as to conditions there, states the Glasgow Herald, after alluding to the periodical receipt by that paper of letters from Scotsmen in Canada criticizing the Canadian conditions. These critical letters, the Herald states, are often accompanied by clippings from Canadian newspapers to support the contentions of the writers. The Herald admits that, for its own part, it does not take seriously the alarmist views contained in such letters, but it says that their recurrence now when the tide of emigration is flowing strongly towards Canada, is disquieting. These letters raise doubts as to whether, in some trades at least, the saturation point has not nearly been, reached, the Herald proceeds, and whether the time is not approaching when some less spectacular system of recruiting emigrants from Great Britain than the present one will have to be evolved. "Unfortunately," the Herald continues, "there is the greatest difficulty in ascertaining for certain how much real substance there is for one's doubts and suspicions," and then it makes the suggestion that the Canadian government should invite investigations of the facts in the case. "The truth, in the long run," the Herald says, "would be less harmful in. any case to the prosperity of the dominion than the steady stream of rumor which it is impossible to verify or disprove." The London Star again last night published two columns or more of letters from settlers in Canada, accompanied by clippings from Canadian newspapers supporting the contentions of this paper in its campaign against emigration to Canada. As in previous communictions in the Star these alleged that conditions in the dominion were adverse to new settlers. MORE ENQUIRIES AS TO ALBERTA LAND The Edmonton Board of Trade received three letters Monday morning from wtdeiy scattered areas, which show the keen interest on the part of outsiders in the prospects of a home in this province. One letter was from a farmer in Lyons, Nebraska, wanting to know how much the land was selling for and what prospects a farmer had in Alberta. The other two letters were both from men wanting positions as farm managers, One letter was from Berwich, Ontario, and the other from Clatch- kanie, Oregon. All these letters -will be answered immediately, and the necessary information will he given, ASKING SCOTSMEN IN CANADA TO GET HEBRIDEANS HERE St. Andrew's Society at Chauvin to See Edmonton Organization (Spec!a.1, to Edmonton Journal) CHAUVIN, Feb. 4.—The Chauvin St. Andrew's society, after a full discussion on the immigration question, passed the following resolution unanimously on Saturday: "Moved by G. M. Beattie, seconded by Jeff Swan, that J, A. MacKenzie be authorized to interview the officials of the St. Andrew's society of Edmonton and if possible to arrange for concerted action on the part of all Scottish societies in Canada towards securing as many prospective settlers as possible from Scotland more particularly from the Hebrides, where conditions have become so acute that many of the inhabitants will in all probability emigrate to other countries." The following was also passed unanimously: Moved by Mrs. A. Y. Armour, seconded by J. Taylor, that the St. Andrew's society of Chauvin extend its support to the G.W.V.A* in its efforts to discourage immigration from Germany and other alien countries in view of the presep* situation in Scotland. WOULD SECURE MORE SETTLERS FROM HEBRIDES Special to The Bulletin. CHAUVIN, Feb. 4—The Chauvin i St. Andrew's society met in A. E.j Keith's office on February 2, and after full discussion on the imm_-| gration question, the following reso-i lution was passed unanimously:— I Moved by G. M. Beattie, seconded1 by Jeff Swan, that J. A. MacKenzie be authorized to interview the officials of the St. Andrew's society of Edmonton, and if possible to arrange for concerted action on the part of all Scottish societies in Canada towards securing as many prospective settlers as possible from Scotland, more particularly from the Hebrides, where conditions have become so acute that many of th<_ inhabitants will in all probability emigrate to other countries. The following * motion was also passed unanimously: Moved by Mrs. A. Y Armour, seconded by J. Tay- ,-lor, that the St. Andrew's society of Chauvin extend its support to the G. W. V. A. in its efforts to discourage immigration from Germany and other alien countries in view of the present situation in Scotland. EDMONTON JOURNAL. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1923 77;f77 7r I •.»> The family and farm of Alexander Morrison, Wetaskiwin, Alta. The bonny family of A ngus Macintyre, outside their heme. Main B^dv Settled on Farms, Doing Well and. Thoroughly Happy SEVERAL ELIGIBLE UNDER S. S. B. PLAN! In Three Groups—West %©f Red Daer, North of Edmonton and East of Camrose Canadians generally will be gratified by the success which is :^eing attained by the Hebridean •3ttlers who arrived in this, coun- ■-ry from Scotland last May to .ttle in Alberta. Considerable ublicity was given to their experi- nces at that time, when they were > the throes of accommodating lemselvee to a new set of conditions, id the rapidity with which they are ihieving success is a tribute to their . id us try and.ent The greater number are settled on'j •rrns that were in possession of the J oldier Settlement Board flor re-sale, j reat care was taken in the choice ' their farms, and there is little i oubt that those who have acquired iese farms on the equitable terms Xered by the board are going to :-osper. and in a few years will be . a satisfactory and independent noting. Before the advent oft the Hefori- _ans a considerable number of farms ad been reported upon and were .nsidered suitable for a beginning ■. settlement, but immediately on icir arrival attention had been -awn to some big ranches that tight be cut up and divided among te settlers who might thus find lemselves in a colony, a form of .ttlement that they seemed to favor. Negotiations Fruitless Two weeks were spent in nego- lations for these ranches with no esult but in the meantime attention /as directed to the farms controlled >y the Soldier Settlement Board, and : was speedily seen that these were inch better and offered better terms nd opportunities than those reported jn several months before. During the unavoidable delay thus aused, the Hebrideans remained at he school. at Red Deer, which was aken over, in order to foe used for ae purpose of housing settlers dur- ng delays that would necessarily .cur in settlement work, as consid- ration must be given, not only to he farms or other positions looked or, but also to the individuals who are to be placed. The purpose of the plant at Red )eer is that it be used as receiving .raining and distributing centre. The plant consists of two large lormitory buildings and four other [welling houses. The large build- ngs were constructed for the accommodation and instruction of some :00 children, so wit hample dorm- .ory and class room accommodation, resides private rooms, there is ade- iiate space for the lodging of a onsiderable number of people, as a .mporary measure. Busy at Red Deer During the weeks when the Heb- ideans were at Red Deer the men ad every opportunity to be busy ) their own advantage. An officer l the Soldier Settlement Board was i hand all the time taking them to ie fields and showing them how to iirness horses the Canadian way, -plained four horse hitch, taught lam to drive wagons—they having sen accustomed to the one horse xrt, except the drivers of general 3rvice wagons in the army—and ley all had their turn plowing with . gang plow, so that time was not .-asted, and were it not for a cer- _in nervousness and anxiety as to leir prospects of settlement natural jider the circumstances to men with irge families in a strange land, Iiey had a good time at Red Deer, nd now their letters speak eloquently of their gratitude for what /as done for them. Some of them laintain that were it not for bome- ickness which they "took" badly Pnd did not then know it, they had >. splendid time at Red Deer, and iow look upon it as their common aome and centre in Canada. Steady Movement When, as above stated, it was .alized that the ranches could not e' acquired an immediate; move was lade to acquire the best of the farms /ith the same energy with which Middle (left)—-Alexander Camp- belVs home at Westlock, Alberta. Below (right)—General view of the buildings, Ard-Moire, Red Deer, Alberta, where the Hebrideans were housed pending settlement. Ingus horses Middle "'(right)- tyre's cattle and Ohaton farm. Below (right)—Archibald MacLeod is proud of his potato field. they are now urging that means be taken to get out'their patents in some controlled by the Soldier Settlement board. There were several of these and some of them in not too widely scattered groups. From the 18th May, until the last man was settled, a steady movement of men was taking place. They were not told here is a farm, take it but the men were taken to see, and examine. Several saw well on to a dozen before they made their selection, and they were all good farms. They were not taken to see bad farms. Of course, all this took time, but those responsible refused to be stampeded into any quick action they'might later regret. It was found that several of the men, through service with the admiralty, were eligible for settlement under the Soldier Settlement board. These are now working with farmers and in due time a farm selected by themselves will be bought for them and stocked and equipped for them by the Soldier Settlement board. Happy and Contented The main body are settled on farms, doing well and thoroughly happy in their surroundings. They are in three principal groups, viz. —west of Red Deer, north of Edmonton and east of Camrose, all three localities excellent from a farming standpoint. They each have 160 acres of land and they average from 40 to 60 acres cultivated. Many went on to farms that had already been seeded and they get a third of the wheat crop. They in some cases had time to sow oats for green feed, and some potatoes and vegetables. That the Hebridean settlers in Alberta are now contented and satisfied ■ is best proved by cases, their brothers, their nearest relatives and the friends in whom they are interested. Already there is a list being drawn up of such relatives. One man thus put it: "Tell them -when you get back that the hard'.working, man who is not making a success of it should come here at once and he will make a success of it, and the man who is successful there and making it go. will make a bigger success here. Get them all to come." Waited Too Long "I was too long in coming," said one of the settlers recently. . I should have been here long ago. 'Tell my brother "a uchd de e 'thighinn", (for the love 'of God) to, come. His wife added: "If we had been here six years ago we were independent today." The men who are on their farms are today thoroughly satisfied with their lot and looking forward with confidence to a prosperous future. The fifty families who crossed by the "Marloch" and those who joined them here( some of last year's party) made up a party of some 840 souls. They are a fine sturdy upright race, honest and determined of purpose, shy, until they are "better acquent" and of high moral character. Th.ey are thoroughly religious, and have the Scotsman's keenness about the proper education of the children. When examining a farm the first question always was—Where is the school? How far are we from church ? They are doing well, very w ^11, by themselves in coming to Canada. They are an acquisition to Canada, and they will in the future uphold the best traditions ,of the race in this country for they possess in its best and highest degree the perferidum ingenium Scotorum. TYPICAL HEBRIDEANS WHO ARE SUCCEEDING REPUBLICANS ARE STILL ON WARPATH (By Dominion News Service) DUBLIN, Dec. 1.—A flying column of Free State troops passing through Carrick-on-Shannon captured a number of young men busily en- I gaged in painting republican inscriptions with tar on various private I houses and buildings. ! The offenders were taken into cus- ; tody, and later ■ were brought • out j carrying mops and pails of water,-and compelled to remove the republican notices which had defiaced the '-'residences of half the people hi the town. A large crowd assembled to witness this punishment. Alexander Campbell, whose farm home at Westlock, Alta., ia shown in the above layout, came from Kildonan, S'outh Uist. He is a good farmer, industrious, capable, as is proven by the-fact that he has 35' acres broken, eight acrea ir. crop, four cows, one team of horses, two sows,'sixteen chickens and farm machinery. He has'an energetic wife who has already made inroads on the bush and has helped him clear more land. Another man from South Uist, also shown, above, Angus Macintyre, has a neighboring farm which is equally excellent* for he, too, is industrious and will make a success. He has 55 acres under cultivation and in crop and five acres broken this season, four cows, two ■horses, two sows, 20 chickens and machinery. Archibald MacLeod, the man shown in the potato field on his Harm at Ohaton, has no less than 60 acres in crop, two horses and machinery. He is a native of the island of Benhecula. He is a very fine type of settler, has a splendid family, and will make good. Alexander Morrison, another South Uist man, has been very lucky in his selection of a farm', which is situated on the Battle river east of Wetaskiwin. He is close to an Indian reserve and finds the red men useful neighbors. He had 75 acres under crop this year and had bumper returns. In addition he has two horses, two cows, two pigs and machinery. Roland MacPhee has 25 acres in crop. Hugh MacPhee, on almost the next farm in Ohaton, has broken forty acres. He is an all- round handy man v/ho came to Canada with his aged mother and sister. All are delighted with western farming. Yet another South Uist man, Gilbert MacLellan, a good type of crofter, has been farming all his life. No doubt about his making good, for he has 45 acres in crop. Neil McNeil, another farmer at Westlock, Alta., who came from Barra with three grown-up sons, was a seaman and a fisherman in his native isles. But he had the land hunger of the Hebridean. He and his family will surely succeed. As will Donald MacPherson at Ohaton, where he started farming with three little ^daughters. His wife and Hour other children are: just now leaving their old home at South Uist to join him. With such a band of helpers he is bound) to succeed. Y NI C A Sill Edmonton'© 'best talent has made splendid response, perhaps not s_re*"^- anywhere in '~1- Form No. 504 *We»fc **t Canafca, "In Replying Please Qyote File No. EDMONTON JOUKNAL_ WEDNESDAY, APRIL 8, 1925 COLONIZE AT HOME URGES SCOTCH M. P. Situation in Orkneys and Shetland Debated in British House (Canadian Press Cable) LONDON, April 8. — Practically the whole time of the house of commons last night was devoted to the Scottish estimates, and, as is usual on such occasions. Englishmen went elsewhere, the Scots, however, made i a most laudable innovation, an unofficial one, of course. They imposed on themselves a self-denying* ordinance limiting speeches to five minutes. During debate, Sir John Gilmour, secretary for Scotland, expressed it as his personal opinion that the Orkney and Shetland outer islands are now practically exhausted so far as instituting any further system of small holding's. "My view is that emigration under suitable conditions either to the dominions or to another part of our own country is the only practical solution," said Sir John. I. McPherson, Liberal, Cromarty, said: "I am as proud of the empire as anybody, but I am not unmindful that the highlands of Scotland are essentially a great part of the empire. I think the time will come when we members for Scotland ought to insist that the commons look at its own doors; colonize at home first, and spend the taxpayers' hard earned money benefitting the people at home and hereby supporting and strengthening the heart of the empire." BASHAW WELCOMES BRITISH SETTLERS (By Journal Correspondent) BASHAW. Alta., April 8.—A party of new settlers, under the auspices of the British [Empire Settlement scheme, arrived here on Saturday, destined for a farm six miles southeast of town. The party, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Harrison and baby, came from j Birmingham, England. Mr. Harrison is an ex-sailor with a twelve - year record. A delegation from the Bashaw board of trade, met them at | the station, while two represents.-1 fives of the Women's Institute, wel-1 corned Mrs. Harrison and daughter, j B. W. Green Again President Strathcona Business Men B. W. Green was re-elected by acclamation as president of the Strathcona Business Men's association at the annual meeting held at Westminster residence on Tuesday evening, N. C. Willson was returned as secretary and treasurer. Major Gordon gave a most interesting address on "Coloniazt.on," with special reference to the Land Settlement board, which, he said, was the first organization to present a real land settlement scheme. Nine thousand four hundred and twenty farmers have been settled by the board, one-third of these finding homes in Alberta. The attitude of our own people in issuing discouraging statements, said the speaker, is by no means in the best interests of colonization. Yet in spite of the depressing reports which are constantly heard a large amount of British capital is invested here, and private companies are putting millions IRISH PARTY WILL ARRIVE THIS EVENING Accommodation was being prepared for the reception of a large party of Irish immigrants at the Immigration hail on 101 st street on Wednesday. Ernest E. Wilson, dominion immigration agent, at the hall received information, that forty-eight single men, three families and three single girls were in the party 4hd that they were leaving Gal - gary on Wednesday by Canadian Pacific railway, arriving in Edmonton shortly after 11 p.m. While Mr, Wilson and his staff are prepared to accommodate the new arrivals for some little time if necessary, it is believed that they will not remain long on the hands of the hall authorities as most of them have already been fixed up with positions on farms. ________________ of dollars into colonization, to make profits. Major Gordon then briefly outlined the imperiol agreements under which settlers are coming out. He referred also to the great work done by the Land Settlement board in moving some of the poorer farmers to better districts. A great deal of help in the manner of providing stock and implements was given to the Hebridean settlers. Between April and November last year twenty-five hundred men were provided with farm jobs under this scheme. The depressing stories of the poverty of the province are false and damaging, said the speaker. A large proportion of the Canadian fund to be used in settling immigrants will be spent in Alberta, and a good proportion of this within 100 miles of Edmonton. The Land Settlement board does not believe in placing men over fifteen miles from a railway station. It plans to encourage the best type of imigrants, to develop the untold resources of our great country. A hearty vote of thanks was tendered the speaker for his most enlightening talk, by the chairman of the meeting, B. W. Green. Mr. English of the South Side Football club gave a brief report of the progress of the team, and aske4 the support of the members. C. Mc- Killop* gave a brief explanation of the Bonnie Doon street car changes mentioning the stop-over privileges. It was decided that representatives from the community leagues on the south isde should be invited to the meetings in future, and each should be allowed ten minutes to speak. Aldermen W. Werner and J. M. Douglas then gave a brief review of" the city's business during the month, touching on the work of the power plant, the Children's Shelter and the' suggested two-year term for mayor. P^lrn^V^-n tin 1/ Y> Tn a I - Af> Ir 1 1 S -/?# iT. A FREE LANCE FINDING ' In June of last year Mr. S. F. Mus- sared, of Johannesburg, a member of the South African Irrigation association, landed in Quebec as an ordinary immigrant with the idea of making a thorough investigation for himself of the agricultural possibilities of Canada. He had extensive farming experience in Scotland, South Africa and Australia and was thus in a position to make sound comparisons. After hearing so much criticism of Canada, he wanted to secure direct information regarding what it had to offer. After spending nine months in traveling about the dominion, he has written the minister of immigration a letter, which concludes as follows: I may gay that criticism of Canada, after a tour in a C.P.R. tourist train, is futile in the extreme. Nothing woulel have given me greater pleasure than to have refuted the criticism on a public platform of the pseudo-colonization experts oil the English press. He is returning, he declares, "warmly enthusiastic and perfectly satisfied of the possibilities Canada has to offer to the right kind of settler.'y XNNISFP.EE.~-Of the five families being brought here under the settlement plan, three arrived on Saturday morning. They are, Mr. and Mrs. Harold Jackson and two children, Mr. and Mrs. Fallowfield and five children and Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Jones and two children. They arrived in Halifax on Sunday, March 29, after a fairly good passage from England. The citizens are doing what they can to make them feel at home and hope they will settle permanently in the community, fl t I WILL PROVIDE SETTLERS WITH MOM LOANS Lethbridge Northern Irrigation District WiU Get Much Assistance From Province. EXPECT RETURNS FROM GUARANTEE L from what information he had been able to gather along with the survey of the district along with the report of Dr. Witdstoe the irrigation export, he believed that the problem could be solved. The main factors to deal with in (Continued on Page Two) Payments on Water, Livestock and Buildings Will be Somewhat Deferred. _—- Settlers who take up land in the . Lethbridge Northern Irrigation dis- trict in the future will be provided t\ with financial assistance in the way M of loans for the purchase, of livestock and buildings, and in addition will not be required to make water service payments for the first year, or water rights payments for the first three years, providing a measure introduced in the legislature yesterday by the Hon. Vernor Smith, Minister of Railways, is passed. Present residents are also given certain assistance such as extension of period for payments. The measure is purely a colonization scheme with the objects of settling up the Lethbridge Northern Irrigation district so that the province will be able to get a return on its guarantee of some $5,400,000 in this project. The debate was adjourned by Mr. Brownlee. "The whole scheme Is one of salvage; we have to save what we can as we are faced with a loss. The longer we wait the larger the loss. Quick settlement is the easiest solution." This was the summing up of the situation by Attorney General J. E. Brownlee, in outlining the proposed measure. The proposed measuro which is known as the Lethbridge Northern Colonization bill, in brief makes the following proposals: For the present settlers. 1. Reduction of the holdings to 160 acres each. 2. No water rights payments for residents until 192 7. For incoming settlers. 1. No water service payments for the first year. 2- No water rights payments for the first three years. 3. Financial assistance by way of ten-year loans for purchase of building materials and livestock. Mr. Smith in outlining the history of the project said that the original settlers were faced with a capital charge of $55 per acre against their land plus maintenance interest and service charges. When the scheme was originaly constructed it wTas considered that there would be approximately 10,360,000 acres suitable to put under irrigation, but at the present time there was only .00,000 acres irrigable. It was also pointed out that the land holdings were too large, and that there had been very little increase in population during the past few years. This nad been shown in a cornplete survey of the project by the government. Under present conditions the settlers could not hope to make the necessary payments, he said. Similar Problems. Attorney General Brownlee contended that the Alberta government faced in the Lethbridge Northern project similar problems that the United States government wras facing in some of its projects. He expressed himself as being fully confident that irrigation farming would pay if properly conducted, but there were factors other than the mere supplying of the water to take into consideration. There was the big question of the ability of the settlers to suit themselves to this type of agriculture, and whether or not the industry as carried on, would bear the overhead costs. He said that he had visited the district himself, and ^JjU^Gf^f/X THE EDMONTON ■:**_ WILL PROVIDE SETTLERS WITH MONEY LOANS (Continued from Page One) starting action, were the settlers on the land, the non-resident owners and the creditors. These all had to agree to the working out of some plan that would result in an ultimate solution to the situation. Under present conditions the settlers could not hope to carry on successfully, he declared. The capital charges against the irrigated land was $55 per acre, besides rnainten- , ance and operation costs. At tho present time there were only 300 settlers. If one half of the land was not settled under the joint liability clause the other half had to carry the charges, which might result in the charges going up to $70 per acre. It was not reasonable to expect residents to stay in face of such conditions. "The only solution is colonization," he declared. "Something has to be done to meet the condition. If we do nothing the people can leave and the province will have to face the payments. We must have settlers and in order to do this conditions must be made attractive, and such as Will give them every chance to make good. "The terms must be such that We Can compete for settlers with other irrigation projects of the province as well as the dry and unirrigated districts of tho province, the C. P. R. irrigation district allows a period of 35 years for making the payments and supplies water at a cost of $1.25 per acre regardless of the cost. Wo propose to extent the payment over a number of years and will provide water at cost whatever it may be." Intend to Reduce. Continuing Mr. Brownlee pointed out that it was intended to reduce all of the holdings to 160 acres. It had been found by experience in other parts that this was the proper size unit for irrigation farming. There might be some who would want to retain their holdings, but these would not come under the relief scheme. There will be nothing in the form of a blanket relief. Settlers can make their selection of land and them make application to the manager who will be appointed by the government and wrill have W'ide powers. These units or areas of 160 acres will be known as "home farms" and it is Only those that come under this classification and comply with all regulations that wTili be given assistance. It is proposed to value the land at its actual valuation placed by the manager and sold to the incoming settlers. Mr. Brownlee said that there would have to be a considerable, sacrifice in price in comparison to What was paid for the land in many instances, but there was . no way to overcome such condition. The Irrigation manager WTho will have the whole scheme under supervision as yet has not been appointed. Mr. Brownlee said that overtures had been made to certain men but no definite arrangements had been arrived at. It was expected that negotiations would be completed this week with a man with suitable training to fill the position. The maximum loan to any incoming settler Will be' $850 and will bo made only for construction of homes and purchasing Of livestock. Settlers will be allowed a loan of $400 for materials with which to build a home. He will be expected to supply all labor himself. He will be permitted to secure a loan Of $250 for purchase of horses and $20 0 for milk cows. In case of both horses and cattle One-third of tlie purchase price must be supplied by the settler. These loans will all be repayable in ten years time. Reptaymeiit of __7oaii7~ ——- The repayment of the loan will bo made from the cream checks, Mr. Brownlee said. One-third of the amount from the regular cream cheek will be turned over direct to the government, instead of going first to the settler and then expect- [ ing him to refund this amount. He pointed out that this is the system used by the C.P.R. who deducted one-half, and it had been found to work out with very good results. The incoming settlers will have no payments to make for Water service the first year, and no water rights payments for the first three years. Mr. Brownlee explained that this provision was made so as to give every ettler^a chance to get On his feet and become more or less established before he wras expected to make heavy payments. During the fourth, fifth and sixth year, he WTill have to pay $2 per acre water rights, for the next four years, $3 per acre, from tho 11 to 15th year, $4 per acre and from 16 to the 4 9th year $5 per acre. The water service will be as provided under the irrigation act. The settlers who are now on the land will pay the $2 rate for water rights from 192 7 to 1929; from. 1930 to 1933, a rate Of $3; 1934 to 193S the rate will be $4 and from 193 9 to 19 72, the rate is $5 per acre. Mr. Brownlee in discussing the history of the project said that the productive capacity of the land had been over-estimated in the past when the project had been built. In 1919 the Coaldale project had produced $54 per acre, but this figure wasal- together too high for most irrigated ! districts. The average production in the Lethbridge Northern district in 19 24 on irrigated land had been $16 per acre and on dry land $8 per acre. In comparing Government- owned irrigation, projects in the United''States with the Lethbridge Northern, Mr. Brownlee said that of the total cost only 10.9 per cent, had been repaid. Of the amount due on construction only 14.2 per cent remained unpail. He .pointed out that in the United States the construction costs had been advanced without interest. This was not tjie Case in Canada and as & result *he cost was steadily increasing. Fie Grains of 1922 Already Inspected With Average Price of Each Grad© for Each Month—and Value with Comparisons with the Same Period in 1921-20-19-18-17-16-15 AUGUST. Wheat—Grades. No. 1 Northern and better. No. 2 Northern '. No. 3 Northern .. Tough grades Qurum and other grades Wheat—Grades. No. 1 Hard .... No. 1 Northern .. No. 2 Northern .. No. 3 Northern _. No. 4 wheat - Cars. 1,841 656 83 659 54 Bushels. 2,347,275 836,400 105,825 840,225 68,850 SEPTEMBER. Nos. 5 and 6 wheat. Tough grades . Durums —. _^_ Off-grade durums Other grades .... .__ Cars. 423 —26,915 4,749 ..... 2,133 ..... 131 39 — 4,215 _.__ 369 ____,>' 286 — 28 Bushels. 539,325 34,362,525 6,054,975 2,719,575 167,025 49,725 5,374,125 470,475 364,650 35,700 Av. Price. $1.17% 1.11% 1.07% .97.4 .98% Av. Price. $1.00% .99% •98% .95i/4 .84% .79 .87 OCTOBER. Wheat—Grades. No. 1 Northern and better _~- No. 2 Northern _ - _. No. 3 Northern .. No. 4 wheat Nos. 5 and 6 wheat. Tough grades ..._..._ Durums . _._ Off-grade durums . Other grades Wheat—Grades. No. 1 Northern and better . No. 2 Northern _.._. -_._.- No. 3 Northern ............ No. 4 wheat -,.,._ «, Nos. 5 and 6 wheat Cars. .35,781 9,399 6,292 442 139 1.910 566 261 Bushels. 45,620,775 11,983,725 8,022,300 563,550 177,225 2,435,250 721,650 332,775 73,950 NOVEMBER. Tough grades — -- Durums ~. ("Off-grade durums Other grades __^ Cars. _..34,152 .-.7,054 .... 3,752 .._. 265 90 _.__ 1,440 "—■ 321 .... 137 .... 43 Bushels. 43,543,800 8,993,850 4,783,800 337,875 114,750 1,836,000 409,275 174,675 54,825 .78 .60 Av. Price. $1.00% .99% .95% .91% .84% .91% .90 .82 .64 Av. Price. $1.09% 1.07% 1.05 .98% .923/s .98 DECEMBER. Wheat—Grades. Cars. No. 1 Northern and better 18,292 No. 2 Northern No. 3 Northern No. 4 wheat .......-..—. Nos. 5 and 6 wheat . Tough grades —.-, Durums Off-grade durums Other grades . COMPARISON 4,541 -2,238 146 61 1,070 .191 72 33 Bushels. 23,322,300 5,789,775 2,853,450 186,150 77,775 1,364,250 243,525 91,800 . 42,075 .87 .71 Av. Price. $1.09% 1.06% 1.04, .99% .91% 1.01% 1.00% .90 .74 •-■•■■ Valuet $2,766,850.4* 935,722.5' 113,761,8 817,118.8 64,460.8 Value. $ 541,347.4* 34,319,571.8 5,979,287.8! 2,590,395.1 141,553.6 39,282.7 4,675,488.7: 404,608.5 284,427,0 21,920.0 Value. $45,962,930.? ll,953,765.t 7,671,824,S 514,943,8 149,312.0> 2,228,253.7. 649,485.00 272,875.50 47.328.00 Value. $47,789,320.50 9,690,873,37% 5,022,990.00 334,073.90% 106,000.31% 1,799,280.00 394,950,37% 151,967.25 38,925.75 Value. $25,537,918.50 6,166,110.37% 2,967,588.00 185,219.25 71,174:12% 1,384,713.75 244,742,62% 82,620.00 31,135.50 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 52 s, of i.- in ?o- ie-. S- th at he ts es r- ig 1- .5 ?t ir it d OF FOUR Cars 171,363 _^_ 128,281 100,110 64,019 76,438 ,____. 88,157 _._. 84,247 156,439 AUGUST Cars. Bushels. 15 30,000 10 20,000 19 38,000 SEPTEMBER Cars. Bushels. 409 818,000 99 198,000 129 258,000 302 604,000 OCTOBER Oats—Grades. Cars. Bushels. No. 2 C.W, and better•._.__..__.... 713 1,426,000 No. 3 C.W. and ex. 1 feecL...._ 1,576 3,152,000 4tfos. 1 and Nos. 2 feed ....... 1,131 2,262,000 (Sther grades ■-___—™._....-_—., 374 748,000 MONTHS' TOTALS Bushels 218,487,825 i- 160,992,655 124,361,625 80,022,350 91,186,550 112,605,000 96,986,750 187,726,890 Oats^—Grades No. 3 C.W. and better Feeds ........ „i...—............. Other grades L__*.-i.__ Oats—Grades No, 2 C.W. and better ....._. No. 3 C.W. and ex. 1 feed..,. Nos. 1 and 2 feed ——_._-__ Other grades ... - Av. Price. .41 .36 .30 Av. Price. .45% .42% .37 .33 Av. Price. Oats—Grades. No. 2 C.W. and better .... No. 3 C.W. and ex. _ feed Nos. 1 and 2 feed —'. Other grad.es —_.«, . NOVEMBER Cars. 625 1,417 1,178 696 Bushels. 1,250,000 2,834,0-00 2,356,000 1,392,000 •40% .36% .32% Av. Price. .47% .41% .38 .34 DECEMBER Oats—Grades. No. 2 C.W. and better ...... No. 3 C.W. and ex. 1 feed.. Nos. 1 and 2 feed ..._......... Other grades ................. COMPARISON OF FOUR Cars _............._._.._.._-... 11,570 „ ___: 11,656 __„...... 12,299 ZZZmZm—L—. _____.... 14,028 «_ ; ___. -.. 6,319 , ...... 12,440 .._.-. ... -™ _. 20,018 ....... p. „ 21,261 AUGUST Barley—Grades Cars. Bushels. No. 3 C.W. and better 114 159,600 No. 4 C.W 21 29,400 Other grades — . 26 ) 36,400 1922 1921 1920 1919 191-8 1917 1916 1915 Cars. Bushels. Av. Price. - 511 1,022,000 .46% .. 971 1,942,000 .42% .. 794 . 1,588,000 .38% .. 601 1,202,000 .34% MONTHS' TOTALS Bushels 23,140,000 23,312,000 23,598,000 29,438,400 12,314,000 24,251,000 39,035,100 46,774,200 Av. Price. .57 .53% .48% Total Value $218,145,619.90 187,853,094.12 269,731,854.41 167,545,889.05 200,906,151.58 238,409,160.95 161,389,955.22 177,562,638.50 Value. $12,300.00 7,200.00 11,400.00 Value. $370,145.00 83,407.50 95,460.00 199,320.00 Value. $618,527.50 1,264,740.00 825,630.00 243,100.00 Value", $ 598,437.50 1,172,877.50 895,280.00 473,280.00 Valuet $479,062.50 820,495.00 611,380.00 414,690.00 Total Value $ 9,196,673.50 9,240,195.71 14,019,3.2.00 23,222,825.26 5,481,515.29 16,866,699.68 22,135,625.50 18,231,982.00 Value. $90,972.00 15,729.00 17,790.50 (Continued on Next Page.) V, PLAN TO BRING 3,000 FAMILIES OUTTOCANADA Final Arrangements Have Been Completed for Immigrants From Britain WILL BE PLACED ON WESTERN FARM LAND Complete Farms Will Be Sold to Them and Money Loaned for 25 Years (Special Cable to The Bulletin) EXETER, England, Nov. 26—Final arrangements have been completed between the Imperial Government and the Canadian Government for the emigration of 3,000 families from the United Kingdom to the Dominion, commencing next spring. Due to the satisfactory manner in which the Hebridean settlers were placed in Alberta, at least one thousand families will be sent to that province to be settled on farms in the central and northern portions. Each family is being granted a loan of 300 pounds sterling for the purchase of livestock and equipment, therefore the Alberta settlers will bring aprpoximately a million and a half dollars into the province. Provide Farms Under the agreement entered into between the two governments the Dominion will provide farms in settled and established districts and within reasonable distance of a railway. Houses will be available on all farms, and a sufficient part of thee land of each farm will be fit for im mediate cultivation. Extensively imV* proved farms will be reserved foi those settlers who possess considerable farm experience. The loans made to the settlers will be made at the discretion of the Dominion Government, and as the progress of the settler warrants. All land, livestock, equipment, etc., will be sold to the settlers at reasonable cost prices. The average cost of the farm and it's livestock will be about 14,000 to $5,000. It is unlikely that many of the families will be able to find this sum in cash, and those who are unable to do so will receive a loan of such amount as they require for the purpose. The loans will be repayable over a period of 25 years, with interest at five per cent, per annum. The annual payment on a loan will thus amount to not more than $360 a year, the first instalment to be repayable at the end of the second season after the settler's arrival in Canada. Secure Training Families will not necessarily be established in homes of their own immediately oh arrival in Canada, but each family will be provided with suitable accommodation. The adult male members will be ^__pect- ed to acquire local farm experience by accepting employment on farms ipLAN TO BRING 3,000 1 FAMIUESTO CANADA in the vicinity, but as soon as the j family have acquired adequate training and experience they will be allowed to start farming on their own account. \ Small groups of families, who come I from the same districts in the United KAngdCm as far as possible, will be I settled within a few miles of one an- I other, but of course it will be neces- sary that the new settlers shall be j ! intermingled with the established 1 fanning population. ^^^^^^^^ Monthly Visits , During their preliminary employment and whilst they are in the pre - 1 cess of settlement, the settlers will ' (be visited approximately once a month by a practical farm supervisor who, in addition to giving them the benefit of his experience, will report on the progress they are making. No family will be accepted for i emigration unless it is proved that | all it's members are physically and mentally sound, previous farm ex- I perience being necessary, though this may not be insisted npon in | special cases. . Each family will have to possess I at least $100 on arrival for incidental ' expenses and they will take with I them all household effects, necessary clothing etc. The first parties will not Sail before March 15, the bulk of the immigration to Alberta j | commencing in April and M&y. Are Advertising : , This Empire Settlement scheme is being advertised very thoroughly ' througheut the United Kingdom, | j and through the newspapers the i British people are being shown it is. unlikely they will again have such} an opportunity of settling under, the j British flag overseas with the chance ! of becoming independent farmers if I they are industrious. From the response being met with it would I seem that at last a plan ha__ been originated which will fill the vacant I I spaces of the Dominion with sturdy British yeomen. I W. K. Park, colonization agent, of 1 Exeter—who was in Edmonton dur- I ing the past summer—is now engag- i 1 ed in delivering a series of illustrat- I j ed lectures in the rural areas on the j subject of Alberta. During his visit ! J to Northern Alberta he was greatly I impressed with the manner in which 1 the British settlers had been found S • homes, and he expects to send out I | at least 300 families of Devon men \ to settle in the districts tributary to | (Edmonton. J TvT^r 2 A (Continued on Page Two) 8 ALL HEBRIDEANS ' HAPPILY SETTLED Joint Statement Issued by Priest and Soldier Settlement Board , PECULIAR PSYCHOLOGY Preferred Colony Life, But Inexperience in Canadian Farming Made This Impracticable In view of the fact that considerable publicity has (been given to alleged dissatisfaction among the Hebridean s: brought out to Canada during the (present summer, and the impression widely exists • that these peoplf are still largely unsettled and are wandering in discontent over the west, ? and because such a- conception if permitted to prevail is calculated to have~ a- serious - reflection upon further immigration and is, as. it stands, an unwarranted reflection upon. Canadian immigration authorities and the various organizations in Canada maintaining land settlement machinery, the following resume of the facts has been prepared. AH the Hebrideans who went to Alberta this summer in the expectation of securing farm homes are now satisfactorily and happily . settled. The Rev, Father McDonnell, who was responsible for conducting these people from their island homes, and the Soldier .Settlement Board, which undertook their distribution and location, have issued a joint statement to the effect that, despite all reports to the contrary, a notalble piece of work in Canadian land settlement has been achieved in this case. Approximately half have been settled on farms in the Calgary district and the other half in the Edmonton district. They are entirely satisfied with their condition, are hard at work, and view their prospects with snob satisfaction that, they are sending back to the old land for their families and other friends. The reports emanating from the west were of a nature to induce W. J. ©Hack, deputy Minister of the Department of Immigration and Colonization, to make a personal visit of inspection, and his report fully substantiates the statement of Fr. McDonnell and the iSoldier Settlement Board. While he asserts, that the settlement of these people has | been accomplished in a manner 1 most eminently satisfactory to them- j selves and to the country, he suggests the probable reason o,f a cer- Itajn degree of discontent on ar- ; pal. .which was however speedily •ercome 'by the able methods of ase authorities effecting the set'tle- .nt,j who brought the . Hebrideans see that what was being done for -~m7 whilst perhaps not exactly it : they had expected, was for. ir . own and the general—goodr ARE CLANNISH PEOPLE The Hebrideans are a clannish 'Ople of peculiar psychology. They iopedi to be able' to settle together and live a colony life.: As. many of them I were without farming exper.. -.eneeand had no. money,,,, this was an "ambitious project;;.- In their own best interests it was more desirable that they work for a time on farm$ to acquire •farming experience and some capital, but in the./main they Vere disinclined to do this.' The government made effort towards such -,; colony set clement in Central Alberta, but this was found impracticable, as a higher price must be paid* for land when much is purchased in a jingle •block.' A splendid piece of work was done; Idn the actual settlement by the f Soldier Settlement Board at Edmon I ton, .which accomplished the placing lof thje various families in the mos I satisfactory manner possible under1 the circumstances. . The forty families, | Whilst not in eoldnies, have been ..settled as near each other as was |ound possible in the consideration of their future welfare and p^o- sperify. They are all within touch of ea;eh other and have for most practical purposes the social fruits of community life. Had they all been settled in one-area, they would not ail individually . have secured such excellent farming land, the good and bad naturally being equally included in a block purchase. This they have been brought to realize. . From their arrival in Canada, the Hebrideans have received the most excellent and exceptional treatment, which may have resulted in a certain reaction. They have been comfortably housed and substantially fed in the period of: waiting, a marked contrast to the - circumstances under which the pioneers of a quarter of a century. ago made their initial farming efforts, and indeed to "the home conditions which many of these crofters left. They are all now established on farms whTch they will ultimately own, purchasing them on the Soldier Settlement Board terms, which extend over twenty years. This settlement work was of peculiar difficulties, accentuated by the head-turning receptions received On every hand, and was a novel experience to the immigration authorities, but the satisfactory establishment . of all families was definitely concluded between the early days of May and the end of June, a period when there is no great volume of farm work. ly injured v gravel in tin of Trenton c weire at wo. Smith died wa.s taken o at Trenton Canadian National Railways The St. Lawrence Spo _<al Until August 20, the St. Lawrence Special will leave Montreal, Bona- venture Station 7.40 p.m. Mondays and Fridays for Caco'una and Metis Beach;" returning from Metis Beach Tuesdays and Sundays 6.40 p.m.. arriving Montreal 6.50 the following morning. From August 22 to September 12 will leave Montreal Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, returning from Metis Beach Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. Standard drawing room sleeping cars between Montreal, Riviere du Loup, Cacouna and Metis Beach, also compartment car between Montreal and Metis Beach. Eastern standard time shown herein. Daylight saving time one hour later. • For further information, reservations, etc., apply-to any agent of the Canadian National Railways, or to City Ticket Office, 230 St. James St. •Phone Main 3620. Killed in Gravel Cave-in Belleville,. July '12.—Wm Smith, of Colbornie, married, aged 60, was k i l'I e d, an d Ja me s Crow th er _ and Hilllard. Kelly, of Toronto, were bad- H'UNTI'M Laurentid'. fers At At a time the devotees Izaak Waltoi and lake, th Laurentides from the- City before the p folder issued Colonization, which the H Minister, Mr. p.uty Ministei .Superintended and Mr. Thd "A matchless, and rest" is given to the Park, which of about 3.7'QC to the north < Standing at a above sea lev with woods, park is an e: pure and brae good sport, fur-bearing a. within the par ance of moos* bears, which i the proper s. sueh as parti also plentiful. there is only rivers and lak comparable OSalvelmus fo: plentiful that tire of his sue From the poi modation, the ment owns th in the interior the rear of Qu rear of Baie St Bay), and th© ; the park, all o access. The d< arrangements v of automobiles a ters, so that guarantee again ed. The tariffs modation are set URGES CI1 TO GET C Mayor Martin Notice Quotiii Fuel Comr Mayor Martin i? tice yesterday to™ Montreal, advising I get in their coal su.pfi ter, in view of t'l arising between th( ___—fcfcu... Hiivitiv.'. "&. the advice of the fe missioner -on this qtr endorsed with the cc concerned _.boaiid do as to a-void another winter. Mayor iMartin annoi a letter (from the fed informing him of th the public to 'provide Siible shortage of hai the coming autumn a chairman of the fu Mr. Charles Camsel.l, < tion to the ipresent d tween the? mine own miners, which must <b( the conclusion of a and therefore it woul to secure now, or at le ♦September, a ■•quanta quired if or the next s of the fact that the ment expires on there WABNIK'G TO The federal com mi? formed the Mayor i were asking a su'bstan wages, and there was sure the pulblie that t be forced to undergo i same inconvenience of to the shortage of coa is loner added that for to defav getting in th wou'd have the e<ffee the•. in-plf e. and increas tation difficulty, as th become too nuemrou The chairman of the desired that the pubi that a.lars.e quantity tS'cof clh 'a nth ra c i t e < anal ity is im.norted i well as a 'good suiptply he thinks that is des-' ha^d coal. Mayor Martin fr that Mr. Camsel that there is ,a .» r •a'gainst the use of s mestic purposes but o \t\ large' number of c does not give satisf ,'cau,-<s°! it is not used After remarking H as. oner has a supml containing the neces. on the u.«e of *o.f] 'furnaces. iMavor Mai does not doubt th& derstand the imuort vice igrnv-en to therr pon.'im.pr« and cor do the'r utmost to _ that of last winter NEW S1DHO01 Accommodatioi. Catholic The official appr lie Schools Con district, was yes placed upon th .School, corner of vard east and which was comme and recently com^ $14S,9'00. The sch for the holding of dition to a large be devoted to dc will thus be abl 450 children of t :and SO of the 1 In connection \ Commissioners g ^construction of rear of the buil Boileau, the cost $t;oi70.- The furn in the school ne. Present at the Edward Contant, Manning, secreta- Edgar Richard and Rev. Charles leese and Bacon . n; as ch he vg: ew nd .de ve in ns of __g to .he . I ny eir L I old in id- iire at- md ich uld our >m- iion for to JSt- tith for on? m- ast >m .ir on jt- is ve in I ye ut T P- iy m s- c- P- it- ;___ ith m~ $&t for irn >uy eel, Ul- id- his FIELD CROPS Showing Returns from Potatoes, Roots, Hay, Fodder, Corn and Alfalfa, with Comparisons with 1921 Province. Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta ... Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta..... TU Area. 88,798 55,600 42,502 RNIPS 2,120 8,666 9,289 POTATOES. Average Yield, Bushels. 181.0.0 120.25 109.50 AND OTHER 322.00 224.50 173.50 Total. 7,024,000 6,686,000 4,651,500 ROOTS. 683,000 1,946,000 1,612,000 Manitoba - Saskatchewan Alberta .... HAY AND CLOVER (Tons). -. 222,617 i. 255,024 - 291,723 Manitoba S askat che wan Alberta ...—— 4,609 7,341 26,539 1.70, 1.40 0.80 ALFALFA. 2.35 1.85 2.20 FODDER CORN. Manitoba .—__. Saskatchewan Alberta ...,.—,.., 28,853 38,645 15,648 Potatoes ....—..—.— Turnips, etc. Hay and Clover Alfalfa Fodder Corn ... __- $ 7.60 4.85 5.25 1922. 7,502,000 1,629,000 10,399,000 1,200,000 3,034,000 $23,764,000 376,600 360,400 234,400 11,000 13,600 58,400 219,000 187,000 82.200 Average Price. ... $0.28 0.48 0.50 0.28 0.49 0.30 10.00 8.00 1^.00 14.00 12.50 15.00 6.00 7.00 5.00 1921. $11,997,000 1,484,000 14,652,000 1,207,000 3,600,000 32,940,000 Total , Value. $1,967,000 3,209,000 2,326,000 191,000 954,000 p 484,000 3,766,000 2,883,000 3,750,000 1H000 170,000 876,000 1,314,000 1,300,000 411,000 1920, $19,128,200 7,573,60f> 17,895,200 1,925,800 8,145,000 $49,167,«0<. rather .surprised some of the trade. It will take a little time.to. get used to a high grade Canadian butter and it is a great pity we cannot have regular weekly supplies of it. "Passing to Liverpool communications: " The quality of the first shipment leaves little to be desired. One or two of the numbers of the specials are particularly fine and rank with New Zealand's. We have not seen a better or more regular parcel of Canadian butter.' "At the close of the season this same firm wrote me a personal letter signed by one of the directors, a part of which I quote; "To begin with, I wish to say how pleased we are with the quality of your butter. It is really =good and has given satisfaction wherever we have sent ft;* "From London a buyer wrote following receipt of his first shipment: " 'We have received the bulk of the first shipment an£ on inspecting several boxes of each lot we are pleased to inform you that we found the quality of the firsts very good and also the quality of the others good for seconds.' , ''Later he wrote: "'We are glad to advise you that we found the quality of the second consignment very good according to grade,' "A dealer in Edinburgh Iftas this to say: "T have today examined part of the butter shipment, which is exceedingly fine and exactly as it Is required.' "Later the same party wrote: "T 'am pleased to inform you that the butter gave entire satisfaction to my buyers and myself. I believe the butter was quite equal to any that has been received and some of the butter, under specific marks, exceeded the general quality. The butter arrived in good condition and the packing was satisfactory.' "Another firm wrote saying: w iSome of your goods iss what would be termed "a perfect butter," being very mild salted and a very light straw color. Taking the •shipment as a whole, I would say it was highly satisfactory.' No Suggestions H "One pleasing feature of the, sea- v-.son's transactions is that no clonic* favorably of Canadian eggs and our effort to market direct was attended 'with more risk than with butter, but it was worthy of an effort in order to ascertain the opinions of the trade to place us in a better position to effect a remedy. The future competition, I believe, will b6 keener than with h utter. I saw eggs from seventeen countries, including. China, South Africa, Australia, Italy, Roumania,' Czecho Slovakia, Jugo Slavia, Palestine, Egypt and Morocco. I was surprised at the quality, also the quantity that some of these countries were sending forward. China was sending as many as 40,000 long cases a week. I also learned that some steamship companies are interested in the produce trade in China and they carry their own goods on t^heir b>.n steamers. The English egg is b fowling a bigger factor each year. 1 some cases county councils are c operating with returned soldiers f land under lease and where hun- i Is of flocks existed .before the * thousands now obtain. Eng- d will more nearly supply their ne market than ever before. Producers on the continent have <sn war stricken and are faced with . necessity of making a living, -^-jultry raising and egg production lends itself more readily to rapid results- and returns and the small holdings in these countries tend to limit operations to this or kindred occupations. This accounts for the tremendous offerings of eggs from numerous countries, and, as usual, (jrreat Britain is the centre of the t/orld for a market outlet. Egg production can be increased very rapidly and may, within a comparatively short time, overtake the consumptive capacity of the British public. In any case, it is making ;he market from the importer right jthrough to the consumer more eri- ftical and discriminating with respect to quality. Canada already is well 'established but we must not rest contentedly. It Is not a question of the extension of markets but rather one of holding the markets |twe now have In competition with other nations whose people are . striving much more strenuously for fa living than are the people on the j North American continent, \ ?rWhat I b«^» «**<3 with respect to. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1925 *w**+s> S' % Y ri- _.e- the rth on >ril ing ith ted on pie he ng be he id- .st ir- ve a .ef ny a folk, in Jts of in on er ag nb of fa y- er its e- a is or se of at be IS he li- J. ed ed he iSt nd er- ith ire nd las n., in, to ion :he ies to 8,- ry. ed an FINANCE CONDITIONS ON ALBERTA FARMS SHOW PROGRESS Reports Tabled in House Give Optimistic Outlook in Agriculture Evidence of improved conditions in the agricultural industry of the province was contained in the various reports making up the annual review of the operations of the department of agriculture, which were presented for the year 1924 to the legislature by Honorable George Hoadley on Monday. As has been previously reported, the total value of all agricultural production for the last year is estimated at $217, ~ 447,808.23, as compared with $209,194,100 for 1923. Though, yields were much lighter than in the previous year the average market prices for all lines of production more than made up the difference. The grain yields were lower, but there was greatly increased production of feed, of dairy and poultry products, and greatly increased sales of livestock. Deputy Minister H. A. Craig, in his report, commented particularly on the splendid growth of the dairy industry, but declared that the greatest weakness of the industry at present is the low average production of the dairy cows of the province. Improvement in this direction is to be .effected most rapidly and economically by tbe use of purebred dairy sires on the present founda-. tion stock. _ Great improveinent, sald the deputy, has been made in the matter of winter feed for dairy cows. There are between 2.500 and 3,000 silos in the province, most of which have .been erected within the past five years. This means a steady;advance in the line of Winter dairying. Bacon Hogs There has not been tne progress in the bacon hog industry-that is desired, stated Mr. Craig. The number of select hogs going to market has not materially increased during the year and is very low in comparison with the number of thick smooths and other grades. The principle of bacon hog production is sound, declared Mr. Craig, but ne urges the wisdom of a careful review of the whole question of method, offering the assistance and cooperation of the provincial department in bringing about any improvement in this direction. Mr. Craig referred briefly to the success of the registered seed grain plant operated by the government and the advancement of the poultry industry and of the x>oultry marketing service. He referred also to the training of the British youths at the school at Vermilion, under the scheme arranged by Hon. Mr. Hoadley, and declares that the department has every confidence of the success of the plan. Oriental Cattle Trade Mr Craig reported upon his effort to establish the cattle trade with Japan, and of the success of the government in getting the ocean rate reduced from $100 to $37.50 per head, stating that it is hoped the rate will be further reduced to $35 before long. Report on Grasshopper Campaign Z. Mcllmoyle, assistant deputy minister, gave a ireview of the grasshopper campaign in the years 1922, 1923 and 1924. After reviewing in detail the extensive campaign to eliminate the. pest in 1922 and 1923, the report show's that the total amount spent by the government during tne nv. years from 1920 to 1924 inclusive was $845,413.02, Of this, a total of $353,245.49 has been collected from .municipalities, and $86,- 094.44 is still outstanding. There is material on hand valued at $60,000, so that the total net cost to the government for the five years to date has been $346,075.09. Returns from question- aires sent out show that in the two years of 1922-1923, when the pest was so bad, the saving of crop affected was estimated at $22,000,000. » ., FOUR EJm0nt0tt "l*ttrtt*L Published daily, except Sunday, at the Journal Building, 10000 101st Street, Edmonton, Canada, by the Proprietors, Edmonton Journal, Ltd. The Journal aims to be an Independent, clean newspaper for the home, devoted to public service. All telegraphic dispatches in the Journal not otherwise credited are from the Canadian Press. The Journal is delivered by carrier at 25 cents per week and by mail outside of Edmonton at $8.00 per year or $4.00 for six months. Circulation records are audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulation. List open for inspection. LAST WEEK'S *)A *)AQ AVERAGE LrtjL'tO TUESDAY, MARCH 10, 1925 THE ALBERTA PREMIER'S CALL TO ACTION All indications, Mr. Greenfield declared in the legislature on Monday, point to the fact that the next few years are Canada's opportunity to increase her rural population. Then let us grasp the opportunity. It was a carefully reasoned and most convincing plea which the premier made for an active and well directed immigration policy in moving his resolution on the subject. He demonstrated in aii unanswerable manner that this need stands at the very basis of our national problem and that only by satisfying it can the other troubles that we are experiencing be dissipated. It is as we thicken our population and place the burdens that we have to bear on a greater number of shoulders that relief will come. Lower railway rates, improved educational and other services, and a lessening of individual tax obligations will follow. That the time is exceptionally propitious for such a movement there can be no doubt. As the premier pointed out, land here is low in price, very low as com. pared with the countries from which we can obtain people. Livestock and equipment may be obtained more reasonably than for a long'while past. Taxation, while heavy, is light when we come to contrast it with that in the lands to which we shall look for settlers. If they come now, they will have a better chance of making good than at any other stage in our history. AH that is needed is that we should throw ourselves with energy into the task and direct the immigration in such a way as to ensure the best results to the newcomers and through their success here to strengthen the national structure. The plan which the premier set forth by which this could be accomplished should meet with the support of all wrho have given close attention to the subject. It calls for cooperation between imperial, federal and provincial governments and the coordination of their efforts. The machinery is largely in existence now and all that requires to be done is to make it function. The imperial government has heen anxious to do its part and with adequate measures on this side of the water substantial additions to our citizenship from the British Isles of settlers of the best class may be made in the immediate future. The work of the Canadian settlement board demands the services of the biggest men in Canada, as the premier emphasises, and there will be no trouble about securing these, for the bigger a man is the better he must realize how vital it is to the future of the country that the present opportunity should not be allowed to slip and the more willing he will be to do what lies in his power to aid in the carrying through of the proposed program on the right lines. With the board manned by citizens of high calibre, there will be complete confidence on the part of settlers and also on the part of the taxpayers of the dominion that the financial end of the enterprise will be carefully and judiciously handled and that the money advanced will prove a safe investment. The average loan contemplated is not a heavy one, as settlers will be sought who have some capital and with proper administration a handsome public return is assured. "While especial attention will be given to immigration from the Old Country, the system without the aid given by the empire settlement board can be applied to settlers from other lands, and, as Mr. Greenfield intimated, in course of time to Canadians now following other occupations who desire to take up farming. The call which he has issued should taeet with a powerful response throughout the whole dominion, and in the stand which he has taken he should have the united support of the people of his own province, to whom the realization of his ideas must mean more than to any other portion of the country. Opposition to such a policy on the part of any Albertan is shortsighted in the extreme, and with the lead which our farmer premier has given an end should come to all hesitation about throwing our whole weight into the movement. AN EXPORT DUTY ON WHEAT There is no indication from Ottawa as to what the government intends to do about the export duty on wheat suggested in the report of the grain enquiry commission. That body made no positive recommendation, though it has been quite widely assumed that it did. The prohibitive character of the forty- two cent per bushel duty on Canadian wheat entering the United States was pointed out as well as that on flour and other wheat products of $1.04 per hundred pounds. On the other hand, under the provisions of the American tariff law governing milling in bond and drawbacks, it is quite possible, the report noted further, for American millers to obtain Canadian wheat virtually free of duty to grind for export—flour that is the product of Canadian wheat enters l&to competition with the output of Canadian manufactu while at t fits of rec wheat flor conditions sion prop be levied America! wheat pr The col notice c as follow TI: closec the C a lev; of An dian "v to the general deprecat that aris rant such That the cannot be d' suggestion sh tion than emanated in 1 farmers and must be deteri interests. If influenced, the adopting it. B iieve that this- spite of oppos farmer leaders the Manitoba i nell and Presr Mr. Burnell immediately fr the report. 1 characterized fallacy of the in itself "to ment." He d to impede the be national foil millers were be. If the Cam to draw from tl virgin state, he with the United & such a small quan to mix with then have no just claii But when the c in the east, the sec association, on bei suggestions received that the millers wer an export duty anc justments were mad able to look afte present conditions, cannot be held resp ment to impose th secretary of their t issuing of the repoi approval of the ide_, If the milling inc be stimulated by such any way limiting 1 product of the farm* welcome the develop We carry the process into food in this com must be for him. Li! dians, he must benefi growth within our bor sequent expansion of Other things being eqi vantage to sell at horn and thus be reliever charges against his j By imposing th( would. in effect be States, "You mu? domestic consumpt it to keep your r for export. It m none at all." St two possible res requiring CanacL establish plants S employment here, and other manufa Washington might restore free entry oi United States. The appears, gain materiall The American tarii authority for the state_ conditions of free trad Winnipeg price of N normally exceeded the B of No. 1 Northern by fh per bushel. The premiun wheat under free trade wa,c as ten cents per bushel ah still higher. There is a veiJ that the imposition of the p. duty would lead to a re American policy. In any . worth while trying out wh; complished by this means? The alarm which has among American milling inte proposal leaves no doubt a serious effect its adoption upon them they would be cei their influence on congress amend its tariff policy wit Canadian wheat. Failing t; a change in this, they w.| pelled \o remove their plai There is not the sligl that our farmers would get wheat as a result of such taken as the enquiry board > and there is every probata would get considerably ^* economic structure oi: f &u, whole would be mate^'^i -4/ HERE Agfy? In his address s/^J^J Mr. Forke referred ^''e of the million fork. ^ Winnipeg and th\. to give a wro^T. ^I\fA census showed ^t§j^f 800,000 persons/^ ^ vinces whose ^y^t0& where than in-' -A^^t over 300,000 < *%.,$ RETURNED MEN MAKE GOOD I NORTHALBERTA Pay Quarter Million Into Edmonton Office of Settlement Board Since . the : Soldiers' Settlement board's fall 'collections commenced in Northern Alberta practically a quarter of a million dollars has been paid into the Edmonton office. Thanks to excellent crops. The ex- soldier farmers are meeting all their obligations, and during the month of November the S.S.B. received more j actual cash from this source than i during any previous similar period sine** the department was established. Others Succeedi Practically every Hebridean settler who arrived here in 192 3 and who was placed on a Soldiers' Settlement Aboard farm has made good and has met his obligations. One man during the past week made a payment of $385, while two of the original penniless settlers are leaving for Ithei Scottish islands immediately to tell their compatriots there what Canada has done for them. All the islanders are engaged in mixed farming, land every individual is reported to be doing well. Staff Moving The staffs of the Land Settlement branch and the Soldiers' Settlement board will be engaged on Thursday and Friday in moving from the Williamson building to new {homes in the Blowey-Henry block. Form No. 504 fflitt &ttthmetTf f t___l_____:"___a!___fll « A. _> CaitatiaL "In Replying Please Qyote File No. f Jw. <?r> Votv (Jo n *> n a. \ SOLDIER FARMERS WlftY ftPPEAL VftLUE No General Reduction in Land Costs Is Likely Now (Special to Edmonton Journal) OTTAWA/ Feb. 4.—A revaluation of soldiers' lands- under the operation of the Soldiers' Settlement board, is a prospective subject of legislation here this session. TLast year a crnnmit.ee of the house favored a rebate of interest, and a marked easing up in regard to payments for stock and equipment. This has been considered going about it in the wrong way. What is now preferred is constitution of an authority to Which the soldier farmers may appeal if they consider the amount they paid for their land is excessive under present conditions. In the event of a case being established, the value of the land could be reduced and with it the obligations of j the purchaser. :=^^^^^^^^^^______! MONPTHM or_.r\'">,rvA ** FRIDAY, MARCH 20, 1925 EDMONTON JO NT STARTS CENTRAL ALBERTA LAND SETTLEMENT ASSOCIATION IS CONFERENCE RESULT Permanent Organization to Promote Colonization Interests Is Formed—G. H. Van Allen First President—Annual Conference Is Planned Formation of a "Central Alberta Land Settlement Association," to look after the general interests of colonization in this section of the dominion, was the most tangible outcome of the land settlement conference held in this city on Thursday. The organization wTill be a permanent one, representative of boards of trade and other all interested bodies throughout the central and northern districts of the province, and is intended to coordinate and promote the immigration and colonization efforts formerly put forward by various officials and societies. Establishment of the new organization was carried out at the Thursday afternoon session of the conference, a committee under the chairmanship of George H. Van Allen of Edmonton, whose idea is was, bringing in the report favorable to such a step. A constitution was adopted and the following officers elected: President G. H. Van Allen, Edmonton board of trade; first vice- chairman, F. P. Layton, Camrose; second vice-president, R. B. Welli- ver, Red Deer; third vice, A. W. Fraser, Vegreville. Executive Council The executive council, which will have full charge of administration and finance, will consist of the above-named officers, five representatives of the Edmonton board of trade, the president and secretary of each board of trade and kindred organization represented at the land settlement conference, and such others as may at a later date be elected. The aims and objects of the new association will be generally to advance the interests of colonization and land settlement in central and northern Alberta. An annual conference is one means through which it is proposed to accomplish this end. A general coordination of all colonization work throughout the northern section oft he province is also likely to result. Many Resolutions Many resolutions, all along the general lines of assisting in the colonization of central and northern Alberta's fertile agricultural areas, were approved by the Thursday afternoon session cf the land settlement conference. Proposals from boards of trade and kindred organizations, both in the city and in"rural sections of the province, were co ordinated in such a way as to put them into form for later concerted action. Some among the list of resolutions were of a more or less general nature, others dealt specifically with certain phases of the immigration and colonization question, and all were directed towards one objective of promoting land settlement and thus accelerating the approach of agricultural and industrial prosperity in central and northern Alberta. Urge Cooperation The following resolutions were submitted by the Edmonton board Of trade, and passed by the conference:!. Moved by John M. Imrie, seconded by W. Brockie: "Whereas the chief remedy for Canada's present economic problems lies in the building up of permanent population to the point at which it could reasonably support present systems of government and transportation, carry the burden of war and other debt and provide a variety of vocational interest, opportunity and employment; "And whereas a first essential to this is increased land settlement and conditions that will make for a prosperous agriculture; "And whereas various factors are now operating to establish agriculture in a still better position; "Therefore be it resolved that this conference express its appreciation of such efforts as are now being put forth by the government of Canada to secure farm settlers and facilitate their settlement on the land; "And be it further resolved that this conference respectfully urge upon the government of Canada the desirability of an extension of these efforts in order that it may take full advantage of special opportunities now open for securing desirable farm settlers in the United Kingdom, certain parts of continental Europe and United States; "And that this conference respectfully urge upon the government of Canada and the government and the government of Alberta the desirability of cooperation between these two bodies in utilizing in the work of colonization the large areas of unoccupied land in this province that are so favorable for agricultural settlement." Peace River Outlet 2. Moved by John Lamont of Ber wyn, seconded by C. H. Grant, K.C., ___ \ of Edmonton: "Resolved, That this conference urge upon the dominion government the immediate and pressing need for such further railway construction in the Peace River district as will insure to the settlers of the said district an outlet for their agricultural products to the Pacific coast, and that such construction as will give due consideration to the transportation service for the territory involved should have regard to the present provincial railways, namely: The Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia and Canada Central, in order to preserve the investment of the province of Alberta in the said railways." 3. Moved by W. R. Howson, seconded by E. T. Love: "Resolved, That the government of Alberta should forthwith remove all legislation that at present results in depreciating the security of farm mortgage loans and thereby increasing the rate of interest and forcing capital to be withdrawn from investment in farm mortgages and thus impairing the stability of the fundamental industry of the province." 4. Moved by F. S. McCall, seconded J_y. W. McLennan: "Resolved, That this conference commend the legislature of the province of Alberta on the stand taken by the members thereof in regard to immigration and colonization and requests the government to establish an adequate organization to aggressively carry out the policy outlined in the policy announced." Immigration Department 5. Moved by A. Whyte, seconded by Rice Sheppard: "Whereas, in a previous resolution this conference has respectfully urged upon the government of Canada the desirability of an extension of its immigration and colonization work in order to take full advantage of special opportunities for securing settlers from the United Kingdom, certain parts of continental Europe and the United States, and "Whereas, these added efforts seem to call for the initiative and driving force of a minister of- immigration in a position concentrate his energies upon that department; therefore, be it "Resolved, That this conference respectfully urges upon the government of Canada such rearrangement of ministerial duties as will permit the minister in charge of immigration to devote his full time and energies to the work of this important department." Would Open New Areas 6. Moved by F. Stacey McCall, seconded by W. W. Prevey: "Whereas, there are large areas of excellent agricultural land under Indian reservation in the ten itory northeast of Edmonton, such as the Saddle Lake.reserve, and others, and which are no longer required for their original purposes; "Resolved, That the federal government be requested to immediately open these tracts for bona fide settlement under such residential guarantee as will assure actual settlement and development." 7. Moved by Rice Sheppard, seconded by R. J. Daley, Daysland: - "Resolved that negotiations should be entered into immediately as between municipalities and the provincial government, with a view to the utilization of all suitable lands, title to which has been obtained by the municipality, in order that the provincial government might be in a position to negotiate with the federal government with a view to bringing such lands under settlement on a supplementary agreement, based on the British empire settlement plan." When the first-named resolution was submitted, Delegate Williams, of Leduc, found serious objection to the sentiments expressed. No sooner had he sat down, however, than it became apparent how diametrically opposed to his opinions were the views of practically all other delegates present. He had been farming in Alberta, he said, for thirty years, during which time he had acquired title to a quarter section of land, on which ninety acres was now under cultivation. He could rightfully claim, he thought, to be a mixed farmer. With the figures submitted by Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the land settlement branch, he was disposed to take issue. If, as had been suggested by Major Gordon, over $2,000 had been earned annually by the Alberta farmer, then "he would like to have his $2,000." "Don't bring people here to starve," was Mr. Williams' plea. (Cries of "No, we tare not starving," given with considerable force and conviction, however, interrupted him at this stage of his remarks.) Mr. Williams, who is a police magistrate in the town of Leduc, went on to quote statistics, which, according to him, proved that the average wheat production of Alberta was less than twenty bushels per acre, the average price to the farmer from sixty-five to seventy cents per bushel, and the net return, therefore, only $14 per acre. On oats, the net yield per acre did not mean more than $7 per acre. How, then, he asked, could a farmer live on this return ? Gloomy Picture Wrong T. W. Hopkins, also of Leduc, made an effective rejoinder when he mentioned the mere fact that last year more than $1,000,000 worth of grain had been exported from the Leduc district, and that one ton of cheese per day was being produced by the factory there. He didn't see, in the light of such figures, how so gloomy a picture could be painted as had been conjured up by the previous speaker. Another delegate thought that such a "spur of self-pity," as had' been expressed by Mr. Williams of Leduc was entirely unwarranted. Alberta, he declared, was the finest country in the world, if people would only refrain from depreciating it. He had farmed for many years, he declared, and knew whereof he spoke. A representative of the Local Council of Women, present at the conference, wondered if sufficient attention was being paid to the woman as a factor in a land settlement policy. Bringing out of unmarried women, between thirty and forty- five years of age and the granting to them of twenty-five acres of land as their own, was a suggestion made. Tells Of Early Struggles S. H. Smith, now a resident Of the city of Edmonton, could not agree with the remarks of Mr. Williams, that a man could not make a living on a farm here. He had sold oats, "in the olds days, at five cents a Dushel, hogs at two cents a pound, and cattle at three or three and a half cents, and had still made money. Any man willing to "take off his coat and work" could make a living in .Alberta, he declared; anyone who argued to the contrary "didn't know what he was talking about." Similar sentiments were expressed by A. Winfield Scott, of Warburg, who defied anyone to starve to death the people living along the Lacombe and Northwestern line. The whole gathering, by its cheers, signified its agreement with such expressions ■ of opinion as* these, and it was plain that Mr. Williams, of Leduc, wTas alone in the stand he took. Aid. Rice Sheppard, of Edmonton, took the view that something should be done to encourage the thousands of families in the cities and towns of Alberta, who because of lack of finance, were unable to settle on the vacant agricultural areas of the province. Some means of aiding such a class of settlers should be taken, he contended, and the conference seemed to be in sympathy with his ideav A resolution had been submitted to the conference by the Edson board of trade, protesting against immigration efforts at the present time. This, however, was withdrawn, the delegates from this organization declaring that they had received totally different ideas as a result of the conference. Another resolution by the Edson board of trade, that everything possible be done to retain in Alberta the settlers who are already here, and to encourage the return of others who have left, was, however, unanimously passed, Daley, of the Days-land Board of Trade, at this stage took occasion to inquire as to how the land settlement association set up Would be financed, and was told that this matter, according to the constitution, would be left entirely in the hands of the executive council, who would have charge of administration. An intensive publicity campaign was favored by the speaker, who proceeded to relate what had happened in his own individual case. While in the east, he said, he had read an attractive page in a magazine, advertising the opportunities available in Western Canada. He had come here, had made good, and now, as a result of this publicity and o_ the subsequent success which he had made, there were forty of his own kin living in the vicinity of Daysland. Fifty-five persons had come to Alberta, he said, as a result of his reading or that original piece of publicity. He was firmly of the opinion that the advantages of advertising should not be neglected. W. A. Lewis moved, and F. S. McCall, of Edmonton, seconded, the following resolution, which secured the unanimous approval of the gathering: "That this convention place itself on record as that its purpose is not alone the bringing of immigrants to our country, but pledges itself, as far as possible, to give sympatnetic help and protection to the strangers who come to our shores." Stephen Sawula, president of the Ukrainian Immigration and Colonization association, appeared before the gathering to plead for greater recognition of the worth of the central European settlers who have come to Alberta. In an impressive address, he outlined wlia. has been accomplished by the 300,000 Ukrainian immigrants who have come to Canada, and who, by dint of sheer hard labor and perseverance, have contributed their share to the agricultural development of the country. The contribution of these people toward both the cultural and the physical progress of Canada represented a t>.g asset, Mr. Sawula declared, and he moved a resolution that the dominion government be urged not to regard central Europeans as "unpreferred immigrants," as is now, he said, the case. This resolution was passed unanimously, several delegates speaking in favor of it and the spirit of the gathering nerng made manifest as heartily in favor of the sentiments expressed. The various resolutions submitted were all approved, first of all, by a re- presentative resolutions committee headed by Charles H. Grant, K.C., of Edmonton, who presented the committee's report and - secured its adoption. Several matters of local interest having no particular concern with the express purpose for whicn the convention had been called, were, upon recommendation of the committee, withdrawn dscussion. STORY THAT FARMING DOES NOT PAY HURTS FLOW OF IMMIGRATION Major Gordon of Land Settlement Branch Tells of Difficulties in Securing Right Type of Settler—Statements in Parliament and Press Stories Hurt -6. r never was a time more opportune than the present for steering Canadian agri- cultiure along the highways toward unbounded prosperity. Major Gordon's address was received with great applause. % Delegates to the central and northern Alberta land settlement conference on Thursday afternoon were treated to an informative and highly-interesting address by Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the government's land settlement branch at Edmonton. Major Gordon's topic of colonization, fitting in so well with the aims and objects of the convention, was listened to with much interest and was well received. "There has, unfortunately, been a great divergence of opinion on the question of bringing settlers to this province," said Major Gordon, ''many men claiming that there was already too many farmers in the province and too much production, insisting as well that farming does not pay, and therefore immigration should be discouraged. "When year after year one is constantly visiting farms which have been abandoned, and on which the settler could not make a living, I am in perfect agreement that farming in Alberta does not pay—if carried on on certain lines." Farmers' Mistakes "In practically every abandoned farm in this province you will find that the farmer who failed did not keep milk cows, hogs, poultry, nor did he raise food stuffs for his table from his own garden, but rather that his garden consisted of empty cans at the back of the house which had originally contained produce which the man could easily have grown on his own property. "One of our greatest difficulties in securing the type of settler we want in Great Britain is the constant reiteration of this story that farming does not pay, and when asked why they think so, they back up the assertion by producing statements made in the Canadian House of Commons, in Western Canada newspapers, and by officers of various agricultural and farming associations. The one thing necessary to provide a steady flow of British settlement is to convince the British public generally that a British settler in Canada under present conditions can successfully establish himself and acquire moderate success. "The fact remains, however, that 84,000 men engaged in farming in the province of Alberta during the year 1924 had a return directly from the land from farm products of $217,000,000, that is, a gross average of more than $2,300 per farmer, over and above what he raised for his own consumption. His net average return is therefore as high, if not higher than the average return of the city resident. "It must- be manifest that any man engaged in any line of endeavor who thinks he can make a twelve months' income from four months' work is mistaken, but I think you will agree with me that the type of farmer who is willing to carry on his operations in such a manner that he is actively engaged in every month of the twelve, and receiving a return during each month, aside entirely from his grain crop, will not ordinarily fail- Outlines Achievements Major Gordon went on to outline something of the work and achievements of the Soldier Settlement Board or, as it is now known, the land settlement branch. "Through abandonment and other causes the Land Settlement Branch was now in a position, instead of putting up as against the imperial government's $1,500, an equal amount of cash, we are putting up a suitable farm," said Major Gordon. Selecting Families "The 3000 families to be brought out under the British empire settlement scheme this year are right now being selected by several experienced officials of the board, and this selection . is not confined entirely to the man/ but his wife and family are also interviewed, in order that we may be assured that the woman is one who will be contented with farm life, as I may say our experience is that 75% of the abandonments by soldier settlers have been directly attributable to the fact that the wife became dissatisfied on the farm. "Early in April these people will begin to arrive in Canada. In connection with the selection of the farms for the settlers under the British family settlement scheme Major Gordon went on to explain in detail the arrangements made by the land settlement branch for the handling of these families on their arrival here. "We have now passed through the agony of reconstruction and readjustment," said Major Gordon in conclusion. Prices of farm commodities are rising, livestock values are increasing, and my own daily experience assures me that there has now commenced a demand for farm lands from the American who cannot resist the combination of $2-00 wheat and $20.00 land." He urged the convention to do all | possible to promote colonization, for "In Replying Please Qyote File No. HUM OF S.S.B. LID URGED New Features are Embodied In Plan of Saskatchewan Veterans SASKATOON, March 20. — Saskatchewan Great War Veterans' association in convention here yesterday, passed resolutions calling on the federal government to pass legislation providing for the re-valuation of land purchased by soldier settlers, such valuation to be made on an arbitration basis and to be based on the condition of the land at the time of purchase, not on its value after improvements made by the soldier settler. Appointment of a re-valuation board consisting of three members in each soldier settlement board district was asked, one of the members to be the district superintendent for the S. S. B., the second a soldier representative, and the third a disinterested person familiar with land values, to be appointed by the government. It was also asked that the law be amended so that a capital cut in the price of livestock purchased from the board can be made, on the basis of sixty per cent reduction on stock purchased prior to December 31, 1920; forty per cent on purchases prior to December 31, 1921, and twenty per cent on purchases prior to December 31, 1922. An amendment asking for remission of interest on purchases to 1934 was defeated. Effective October ( It was requested that consolidation of all arrears of payments and taxes become effective before October 1, 1925, and that remission of overdue interest be made to date. The S. S. B. is requested to re-locate bona fide soldier settlers wTho have been placed on manifestly unsuitable farms, such re-location to be without financial loss to the settlers, and also to reinstate settlers so wrongly located, on their application. A definite policy regarding advances for seed and binder twine by the S. S. B. is asked, and that the privilege of obtaining assistance under the act be extended to the full extent of the act until December 31, 1929. Colonel James McAra, of Regina, ! was re-elected president of the pro- I vincial command b}r acclamation. It . is his ninth term of office. HONOUR TO THE SON OF GLENGARRY Highland people will be, proud to observe that the Distinguished Flying Gross has been awarded to Squadron- Leader Aeneas Ranald Donald MacDonell, who is the eldest son. of Aeneas Banald, 21st Chief of Glengarry. Tlie reasons of the award are stated with B.A.F. brevity, but they point to the three qualities which we associate with the best of Clan chiefship, skill, courage and leadership. MacDonell. — Squadron-Leader Aeneas Banald Donald. litis officer has shot down nine enetrry aircraft and' damaged four others. He has been particularly successful as a leader and; has displayed the highest, courage, setting a splendid example to his.squadron. Squadron-Leader MacDonell, came of age in 1984, and was then in the Boyal Air Force. It is on men such as he that the safety of Britain depends, and. congratulations will be general at his receiving the honour for his fighting prowess. He is a worthy successor to General Sir James MacDonell, of his family, who? commanded the Coldstream Guards kt< Waterloo and whom tlie Duke of Wellington selected for the bequest of £500 as the bravest man in the Arm v. COLONIZATIOS DIRECTOR ft _ ■3 National Lines Go Into De4 velopment Work in Real1 Earnest DR. BLACK DIRECTOR New Official Will Come to Montreal and Establish Headquarters There MONTREAL, Nov. 26—Indicating an even more active policy of colonization, the appointment of Dr. W. J. Black, European Manager, department of colonization and development, Canadian National Railways, to the newly created position of director of colonization and development with headquarters at Montreal, was announced tonight by W. D. Robb, vice-president in charge of insurance, lands, telegraphs, colonization, development and general matters. New Headquarters Dr. Black will return to Canada from I_ondo*i at the beginning ot the new year and immediately complete the organization required for this new post. He will, undertake the direction of all activities connected with colonization and development and will establish himself here for that purpose, it being considered that such work can better be directed from Canada. With the transfer of Dr. Black from I_ondon to Montreal the European organization will be maintained and its activities will be continued in accordance with the present policy. The creation of the post of director comes as the result of the growth of the departmental activities. It was rendered necessary by the decision of the Canadian National Railways to pursue an increasingly active policy of obtaining' indivt_.uai.sr.. of the best possible type from the British Isles and from certain .sections of the continent of Europe to take up land in Canada. Heal Settlers Only The organization which has been built up on the other side now covers wide territory and is ready to invite and direct to the dominion people who are prepared to become real settlers and citizens of this country. In turn, the organization in Canada Is thoroughly equipped to receive and place these newcomers in sections most suitable to them and in ^localities where ea^h will have the fullest possible opportunity. By means of this, it is intended to make a determined effort to procure for the vacant lands throughout all the provinces that population which is so essential to the advancement of Canada ar.d the development of a great home market. EDMONTON, ALBEETA, TUESDAY, APRIL 7, 1925 OF SETTLERS Fourteen Families Empire Settlement Immigrants Have Arrived Here The influx of British settlers, under the Empire settlement scheme is now in full progress, according- to the. reports which have reached the offices ofi the Soldiers' Settlement board, under which care the newcomers are. Already 14 families have arrived in the district and four more.are .due to reach the city on Thursday. Cablegrams received here also announce that five other parties are already; on the ocean or are due to leave before the end of the week. Each of the families already in the district has been placed: on a farm and arrangements made for employment during- the summer on wag-es for the male members < Following- are parties who have already: arrived in the city or are now on the way: On the OcesihP .! ;> A. E. Thompson, tw"6 children, Lloydminster; C. R. Jackson, four children, Irma; William Harrison, four children, Islay; William Miller, six children, Jarrow; P. A. Jackson, seven children, Camrose; T.'E. Taylor, five children, Ki.sooty; Watson Gowers, one child, New Norway. Sailing April 10 and i I H. Miskimmin, three children, Irma; S. McMinnis, nine children, Mannville; T. O'B. Gore- Hickman and luster-in-law, two children, Innisfree; Harry Mather, three children, Lloydminster; R. O. Hopper, five children, Sedge- wick; T. G. Sloan, three children, Mannville; Alexander Cairns, four children, Mannville; William Walker and Gladys Finney, Vermilion; Samuel Yates, four children, Vermilion; J. W. Fallowfield, five children, Innisfree; A. F. Jones, three children, Innisfree; H. Jackson, two children, Innisfree; H. C. Akeroyd, three children, Wainwright; John Jones, flour children, Clyde; John Jones, four children, Spruce Grove; H. W. Humphrys, two children, Waskatenau. Arriving April 9 Charles Howe, three children, Ferintosh; O. L. Mellersh, four children, Beaumont; F Soper, five children, Sedgewick; E. F. Loader, four | children, Wetaskiwin. FOR NEW POST AT LETHBRIDGE C. G. Dunning May Be Manager of Lethbridge Northern Scheme C. G. Dunning-, a former Merchants' Bank official, and now manager of the Bank of Montreal at Yorkton. Sask., may be named colonization manager under the new Lethbridge Northern Colonization act now before the Alberta legislature, which is designed to reestablish the Lethbridge Northern Irrigation scheme by reducing water rates, and by bringing in additional settlers. Attorney-General Brownlee intimated in the house on Monday that the government had (been in communication with- several likely appointees, and that another possible candidate with whom the government had been in touch, is expected to arrive in the city in a few days. The government expects to make s? definite announcement as to the name of the new manager at an early date, and Mr. Dunning is considered unofficially, as the probable choice. It will be recalled that Liquor Commissioner Dinning was also a former Merchants Bank man, and later manager of the Lethbridge branch of the Bank of Montreal. G. R. Marnoch of Lethbridge, former president of the board of trade of that city, and ar recognized authority on irrigation matters, is reported to have been offered the position, but to have declined it. The title "Colonization Manager" will be given to the appointee because colonization is the main feature of the new act. He will be manager of the entire scheme as provided in the act. I^onr all parts of the province come s of steps taken by established to welcome newcomers and to they get off to a good start. The dliness and the public spirit ifested will go far in helping . solution of our most pressing tf'Oblem, that of more intensive colonization. The inflow of settlers is already :r6K.hing large proportions. App^ Ornately a thousand are peg tfcis week and more st. _.it.rs is aireauy portions. Apprc^- e_?peeted in *Wa| nore of * theidB loeajlFi|L Alberta than in eitli other provinces, so there will * of opportunities to keep up work.= * lent^ the good a '..«&."• Form No. 504 I flpitt ^ttfattfrfr 11 ALBERTA UPON THRESHOLD OF BETTER TIES HA. Craig, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Gives Some Reasons (Special to Edmonton Journal) CALGARY, Feb. 5.—"I believe that Alberta is within sight of better times," declared H. A. Craig, deputy minister of agriculture in an address to the delegates to the Alberta Fairs association yesterday afternoon. "The price of agricultural products is higher," continued Mr. Craig, "the cost of production is less, labor is more plentiful and I am confident that we will build up in Alberta one of the most prosperous provinces of the dominion. "To achieve this, it is necessary that we lend our best support to these ideals and I would urge all those who have been interested in fairs to continue their work, as this is an important phase of the future prosperity of this province. Immigrants are coming, but we ought not to hope for a boom, such as 1912, but for a steady development." Some Figures To substantiate his statement that he believed Alberta would soon develop into a very .erood place in which to stay, Mr.. Craig- stated that dairy products last year amounted to $22,900,000, and that the product was on a par with the best delivered to the world's markets. He quoted from a letter received by himself from a large butter importer of Great Britain, who had received several shipments of Alberta butter via the Panama, canal. The letter stated that all the shipments, with the exception of one which had carried a strong flavor of oranges due to poor arrangements on the ship, had proved very satisfactory. The Britisher paid a compliment to the uniformity of Alberta butter, which he said was not true of other parts of Canada. Reventie from poultry, said Mr. Craig, amounted to $80,000,000 Which Was distributed among 65,000 or 70.000 farmers of the province. The value of the wheat products was estimated at $73,000,000, and the value of all agricultural products $220,000,000. In 1905 the agricultural -production here had been about $20,000,000. so that the advance had been about $200,000,000 in the last twenty years. High Average Yield In the last 23 years, he pointed out that the production of wheat had averaged 17 bushels per acre. The last thirteen years the average had been 19 bushels per acre, and during the poorest yearsj; 1917 to 1921, the average was 12 bushels. The deputy, minister ""'compared this with some average yields in states across the line as follows: Minnesota 12; South Dakota 11; Nebraska 11; Kansas 8; and Montana 10. Urgent problems now facing the Alberta farmer, he explained, were how to reduce the:i, gos t of production and distribution, and how to improve the quality of the/products. He expressed the opinion athat cooperation was precenting a certain amount of overlapping*,, and also preventing too great profits 'by the middlemen, but added thatlt might be well to cooperate with a the . agencies now handling grain, -and to take ad van - tage of the machinery and experience which they possess.. or Canafca^ ■In Replying Please Qyote File No. ^^mvV<^ V^iu\ J a. W \K Ol V P S4 '?*&, (CLAIMS SYSTEM [OF DEVELOPMENT UNSUCCESSFUL Sir Victor Warrender Deals With Empire Scheme in House of Commons. canadianISgrant makes strong plea Captain H. P. Holt Asks for Full Investigation Into the Whole Subject. LONDON, , April 2—(Canadian Press Cable)—Initiating a debate on the empire development scheme in the commons this evening, Sir Vic- \ tor Warrender, Conservative, Grantham, dealt with the subject at length and declared that at the moment it was anything but a success. "It is of no use hanging up pictures of blue skies and gold fields of waving corn," he said, "because when the settler arrives overseas his impression does not tally with the posters, and that has the worst possible effect. You cannot expect a man on his beam ends to provide the capital required by the dominions. We ought to take the financial side into our own hands, and wo ought to get the dominion authorities to sell us large tracts of partially reclaimed land and leave us to do the financial business., We would then be. able to settle men of the kind we desire to settle overseas because there would be less rigid control by the dominions. So long as the dominions are so strict in their demands for the qualifications of settlers, there will be little chance of'making any substantial advance in emigration." Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Angus McDonnell, Conservative, Dartford, as a Canadian emigrant, who made his home in Vancouver for years, pleaded for a continuity of the policy on emigration and declared that the colonial office had become obsolete and out-grown by the empire. He urged that preference be given to empire materials in the government and municipal contracts and said, that there was a feeling in the du-| minions that the crown colonies were kept as preserves for Britain. That impression could be eradicated, he said, if the practice of calling for tenders privately were discontinued and. the, govern men t adve .-.Used,, ^mh.-, licly throughout the empire. He suggested that women, of whom J.rit- ain had a surplus*, should be emigrated first, as there was a great need for women in the dcminions. Captain H. P. Holt, Conservative, Upton, as a Canadian, pleaded for a full investigation cl the whole subject of emigration and declared that a fruitful field lay before the development of inter-communication throughout the empire. Replying for the government, Hon. William G. A. Ormsby-Gore, under-secretary for the colonies, agreed that no effort should be spared to speed up emigration and increase the number of voluntary emigrants who were anxious to go overseas and help to develop the undeveloped parts of the empire. There was no question of forcing anybody to emigrate, he said. The number of people anxious to go far exceeded the number that was able to go 6nd it was really a question entirely cf the cost in the first instance. The policy of the Empire Settlement Act was absolutely sound, he contended. Thanks to the co-operation of the Canadian government, he said, a new land settlement scheme has just gone through for Canada. It was initiated by W. Lunn, Labor, Rothwell, who, the under-secretary stated, had displayed the zeal of an enthusiast in the matter. * The under-seeretary continued I that the government entirely agreed with the speakers who emphasized that migration should not be design- Led to take a man who was unem Pi pvyed inXBritain anddumpJ,,h,ii"p^ ., ,*-_. .-*>our,' Form No. 504 eWttttt *«, Canafca. "In Replying Please Quote File No. THE EDMONTON BULLETIN. MARCH I'd, 1924. 1 First Immigrants of Year Have Arrived in Edmonton One Hundred Czecho-Slovakians Reach Edmonton to Take up Land East of the City—Two Hundred and Fifty Hebrideans Are on Their Way Here The spearhead of this year's im- mtigration reached northern Alberta on Saturday in the shaipe of one hundred Czecho-S.ovakians who will be followed ait intervals by others of their compatriots. As well three hundred and fifty-two Hebrideans are on the way and will "be toe oa April 8. AH these people are being settled in the Edmonton area by the local office of the Land Settlement Branch of the Department of Immigration, and plans are all complete for their disposal from overseas, immediately upon their arrival. 3,800 Czecks All told. «>,800 Czercho-Slovakians have arrived in Canada or will do so within the next few days; several shiploads have debarked at dominion ports, and 400 arrived yesterday at Winnipeg. These new settlers will be distributed by the Land Set- tement Branch to various localities in the vicinity of Regina, Prince Albert, Calgary and Edmonton, while a limited number will be possibly sent on to Vancouver. The men who arrived on Saturday were sent to farming areas close to Font Saskatchewan, Vegreville and Wetaskiwin. and all are being absorbed by their fellow-countrymen here who are distinctly pleased at being able to obtain their help. Other immigrants are expected from various portions of the European continent and in preparation for their reception the Land Settle- men Branch has all of northern Alberta mapped out in nationality blocks, and arrangements made with the head man of each settlement. In this way the foreigners arriving will at once be put to work in an environment .which is familiar; then after they have acquired the language and are acquainted with the customs of the country they will be free to commence farming for themselves. Included in the S52 Herbridean islanders who arrive here on April 8 are many young women who will be available for housework, while there are 42 families in all. On their arrival they will be placed in the industrial school in Red Deer for a few days pending their placement, but this will be a matter of days only, as farms have been selected for the islanders by the branch and it is expected that the whole party' will be in their new homes three weeks from the time they arrive in Alberta. Mfteen Cottages The lands selected for them are scattered all over this district hut some will be located in the proxim- ! ity of last year's immigrants near j Ohaton and other points. As well, : fifteen cottages have been built for the islanders near St. Albert and Red Deer and these will be utilized as well; the Women and children remaining at home While the men go out to work for neighbors. Word has been received from Pather McDonnell to the effect that if this year's settlement of his people is as satisfactory as that of last year, several thousand Hebrideans Will be established here in 1925. This clergyman, who Was responsible for the immigration of the islanders in the first place, is himself well satisfied with what was done for his people last season and there appears no doubt but that we shall have a large influx of these desirable settlers. Have Bone Well Those of the islanders who settled here last year have done well despite the fact that they were new to the country. Each man had a crop on his new farm and on an average they received from $200 to $600 for their own use from this , source. Immediately the farming season was over they all went out to work; they have been at it steadily all winter and have accumulated sufficient funds to enable them to carry on this season. JUGO-SLAVIANS CLAMOR TO ENTER CANADIAN DISTRICTS CALGABY, Alta., March 16.—Hundreds of citizens of Jugo-Slavia and Czecho-Slo> vakia are clamoring for admission into Canada, and this country can secure as many experienced farm hands as they require from these two countries if a little assistance is given, according to one of the advance party of ten Jugo-Slovakians who arrived in the city this evening from Europe. r The Europeans were met by v Walter S. Woods, superintendent of the local branch of the Soldiers Land Settlement Board, and before half an hour had elapsed each man had been provided with farm jobs in the south,*4 and a card of introduction to the farmer- employer. THE EDMOHTQN BULLETIN, March i?, 1924. "I THE EDMONTON JOOflETAL. MARCH 19, 22.2.4. NEW SETTLEHS Iff NAKED IK THE SOUTH Party of Dutch and Swiss Newcomers Reach Monarch, Alberta H. (.Special to Edmonton Journal) LETHBRIDGE, March 19. —E. Hann, trustee of the. Lethbridge northern irrigation district, reached Monarch Tuesday morning with a party of Dutch and Swiss settlers for the pro- | jeet. ___. C. Charlesworth, chairman of the i irrigation council, is here from Edmon- i ton. He will go into conference with 1 Mr. Harm who was one of .he three I special colonization agents to go abroad ] early last January. The movement of settlers to the ! Lethbridge Northern is a direct result ' of efforts of this mission which was j headed by James Colley, who is still \ in Europe. ! The Rose Butte local of the U.F.A. land U.F.W.A. and the ladies' aid of i the Monarch community church have done splendid work in preparation for < the arrival of' the Dutch settlers Messrs. Banik, Cox and Koole. # who ; formed the special housing committee, directed these community activities with the result that there is an attrac- | tive : home awaiting the settlers on their arrival. A brick house has been fitted up with all conveniences. It has two range stoves, two. washing machines, beds, bedding, coal, furnace, groceries and aH other staple requirements to take care of the settlers for a few days. They are all placed and before the end of the week they will be established !h their new homes. The Swiss will be taken care of by I: E. Reber of the Iron Springs district. They will be placed on 80-acre farms, equipped with stock and machinery and buildings. THE EEMOHTON BULLETIN, March 19, 1924. Immigrants Bring Spinning Wheels to Their New Homes Margaret M. Speechly, writing in the Grain Growers' Guide, says numerous newcomers from Iceland, the Scandinavian countries and j even from the British Isles, have I brought spinning wheels and other | utensils for ancient handicrafts i with them to their new homes in Manitoba. Many of the older women spin their own yarn, and knit socks, mittens, etc. Near Arborg, Man., home-made mittens have become quite an important article of commerce—the output being sold through a local co-operative store to wholesale houses and individual merchants. One old lady has even made her own blankets on a hand loom. At Victoria, B.C., Mrs. Dennis Harris, who is herself able to spin and weave, has sought out others with like skill, but devotes her own efforts mainly to spinning yarn and dyeing sweaters as part of sporting outfits, quilt- ■ ing bees are also being held in j the West, THE EDMONTON BULLETIN, March 209 1924, JAPANESE TO SEND BUT 150 IMMIGRANTS Premier King Outlines Sketch of Policy as Agreed OTTAWA, March 19.—-Premier King stated in the House this afternoon that under the terms of the new agreement with Japan for the control of immigration, the Japa^- nese government did not anticipate that the number of domestic servants and agricultural laborers coming to Canada from Japan would exceed 150 annually. No further details of the arrangement were given. UKIU..—_-V.ll- 1 ftQt.Qn..fTT TIY_nq<_ fSVninvfi/l THB _SD3_0_TTON BULLETIN, MARCH 18, 1924. \A 500 FAMILIES OFSETTLERS FOR\ CANADA CHOSEN IN ENGLAND Imperial Government to Advance 300 Pounds to Each Group—Must Have 200 Pounds—First to Go to Saskatchewan LONDON, Mar. 17.—(Canadian Press Cable).—Colonial Secretary Thomas, acting on behalf of the Empire Settlement Committee, today signed an agreement with representatives of Canadian National Railways to assist in placing in Canada selected groups of families from Great Britain. The Settlement Committee authorized loans of £300 to each settler, also guaranteeing any loss up to fifty per cent, of the amount loaned. The first groups emigrating under this agreement will settle at Tisdale, Sask. It is stated that only married couples with thorough agricultural experience wrill be accepted and they will be expected to possess about £200 of their own. The farms are limited to 160 acres and each group is restricted to twenty families. The present agreement provides for the acceptance of five hundred families. Present Agreement Separate From That Made By Dominion Government. OTTAWA, Mar. 17.—The agreement reached betwen the Empire Settlement Committee and the Canadian National Railways, it is stated at the department of immigration, is distinct from the settlement agreement made by the Canadian Government directly. The present agreement concerns settlement of selected groups along the line of the Canadian National Railways. THE __D__0NT0-T JOUrfflAL. MARCH 18, 1924. < AGREEMENT FDR PICKED GROUPS FOR DOMINION Settlement Committee Authorize Loans and Guarantee Losses to (Canadian Press CaWe) LONDON, March 18.—Colonial Secretary Thomas, acting on behalf of the Empire Settlement committee, yesterday signed an agreement with representatives of Canadian National' railways to assist in placing in Canada selected groups of families front Great Britain. The settlement committee authorized loans of £300 to each settler, also guaranteeing any loss up to fifty I per cent of the amount loaned. The first groups emigrating under thi© agreement will settle at Tisdale, Sask. It is stated that only married couples with thorough agricultural experience will be accepted and they will be expected to possess about £200 of their own. The farms are limited to 160 acres and each group is restricted to 20 families. The present agreement provides for the acceptance of 500 families. District Agreement OTTAWA, March 18.—The agreement reached between the Empire Settlement . committee and the Canadian National railways, it is stated at the* department of immigration, is distinct from the settlement agreement made by the Canadian government directly. The present agreement concerns settlement of selected groups along the line of the Canadian National railways. THE EDMONTON BULLETIN, March 20, 1924. MORE MONEY IS SPENT TO GAIN IMMIGRANTS OTTAWA, March 19. — (Canadian Press). — Under the agreement with the imperial government under the Empire Settlement act, Canada spent $30,657 in assisted passages for 2,653 British immigrant sin the fiscal year just closed. In answer to questions it was revealed that Canada has spent in the last four years more money in promoting immigration from the United States than from the United Kingdom. The figures are: United Kingdom, $1,420,824; United States $1,830,680, and continental Europe $129,852. 7 THS ED^OIJTQH BULLETIN, MAHCH 20, 1924, THE NEW SETTLEMENT SCHEME. A London despatch published on Tuesday conveyed tie information that under tlie Empire Settlement scheme five hundred families are being brought from Britain to locate near Tisdale, Saskatchewan. Only married men are available for selection under this plan of assisted immigration, men who have had real experience in farming, and men who have some means of their own with which to help establish themselves, Two hundred pounds is stated to be the amount whioh a prospective settler must h ave to* entitle him to the state aid provided under the plan. To those possessing such amount, and who are otherwise qualified, the British and Canadian authorities advance a loan of three hundred pounds. This plan seems to differ from a good many previous schemes for aiding immigration in that it places the emphasis upon kind rather than quantity. The arrangement has in it the evidence of a sane recognition of f Istcts. It is based on tha belief that the man who is most likely to succeed in farming in Canada is the one who has had farming experience; that a married man is more likely to stay on the land and make good there than a single man: and that a.considerable amount of ready cash is necessary to anyone who would start farming here under existing conditions with any chance of succeeding. These are facts, not theories, and they call for a different kind of immigration policy than was adopted and successful when the circumstances were other than they now are. Farming in Can- ' ada is a business of small profits, and the inexperienced man who goes into it is handicapped, however industrious, thrifty and fore-sighted he may be. Experience has demonstrated that the unmarried immigrant gravitates to the city, where at present there is neither call nor room for more men. The free land has gone, and twenty-five hundred dollars is not a large sum with which to make a down payment on a quarter section, buy the equipment and stock necessary to work it, and put up buildings to house a family and protect the stock, In dollars and cents the new-comers who take advantage of this scheme will start with advant ages altogether beyond those possessed by thousands of familities who have established good homes and made themselves independent on prairie farms. But these earlier arrivals had the benefit of conditions which no longer exist, if they j also in many cases had to face hardships which the present day settler is not obliged to endure. | The beginner under this settlement scheme will ! have an interest of a thousand dollars iii his holding, with a Government loan of fifteen hundred dollars which must be repaid, and perhaps also a mortgage for the balance of the purchase price of land, stock and equipment. These conditions are not prohibitive, but they are inno sense "soft." The prospective settlers are not being offered either gold bricks or ready- made fortunes. They are offered state help to supplement their own capital. By hard work and j diligent attention to business they can free themselves of debt, own their farms and prosper. People who are willing to make that investment, in addition to a moderate amount of capital, can find better opportunities to establish themselves on farms in Canada than elsewhere . And that is the only kind of people who at present are likely to find room in Canada; certainly the only kind that the country can afford to help get there. V_/ 0. 7 TEE EDMONTON JOUiUAL - OCTOBER ... 1924. ROAD TO PROSPERITY Nothing Can Arrest Its Progress, De ela re s Hon. R.G. Reid o Sounding a note of well-grounded optimism, Hon. R. G. Reid, provincial treasurer, in an address to the board of trade on Friday declared that nothing could keep Alberta from going ahead, and from reaching a posir tion of foremost prominence among the provinces of Canada. '"I have looked ; at this question," he said, "from every angle, and I fail to see any one thing which Can interfere with that development which I anticipate, or prevent Alberta from /becoming one of the finest sections of country under the sun." Speaking, as he pointed out, not in a* spirit 6f criticism, but rather #ith; a view, to suggesting ways in which Alberta might improve its glowing prospectsp = Mr. Reid expressed his belief that the greatest need of the province today was breadth of vision. Lack of Vision The lack of such vision might be illustrated, by what happened in Ed' monton, and. in fact, throughout,th whole province, during the ref estate boom, of pre-war days. TI mental attitude of the people at tin time, their lack of proper viewpob had Since brought Alberta to realizt. that the boom was a big mistake.* Today city and province were struggling under burdens imposed as a result of that venture. In the period of readjustment following the war, Albertans once again demonstrated their lack of vision and were inclined to regard with all too little seriousness the business depression which must inevitably result. Now Mr. Reid believed there was a possibility that people were flying just as much to the opposite extreme, and were holding the view that present conditions in the province were normal. It would appear that Albertans were paying too much attention to the profit and loss account and not enough to the balance sheet. They should keep in mind the assets side of the sheet, advised the speaker. The unexplored possibilities of the coal deposits within the province, with all the potentialities of their by-products, the coming development of agricultural lands, and similar factors should be taken more carefully into consideration. In regard to agriculture, Mr.. Reid declared he had been astounded by a recent discovery that full development of the Peace River country would mean an actual doubling of the present wheat yield of the whole dominion. Possibilities of the finding of iron in the Rockies, or of transporting same from the islands of Hudson's Bay by the completion of the pro-, jected Hudson Bay railway, were also suggested by Mr. Reid as prospects, however remote, for the future. The true spirit of the pioneer must be kept always to the fore, he declared, and then Alberta cannot help but go ahead. GORDON LEAVES FOR OTTAWA CONFERENCE Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the Land Settlement Board here will leave this morning over the C. N. R. for the East, on business connected with his department. . He will attend a. conference in Ottawa and may go as far as tlie Maritime "•Provinces-"" _______Z___2_________ _______ J««ft?-ff3tf CANADA IN THE MAKING (Copyright, 1924, in U.S. and Great Britain by North American Newspaper Alliance, All rights Reserved). The following is one of a series of eleven articles appearing daily in the Edmonton Journal. As a whole this series forms an interesting and remarkably penetrating and informative study of the history of Canada and the dominion's economic and social and political problems. Where opinions on controversial matters are expressed in these articles, they are not necessarily the opinions of this paper but those of the author, John F. Sinclair. Mr. Sinclair is a writer of high standing on political and economic subjects. He has the knack of making abstruse material vivid and interesting, as is known to those who read his series "Can Europe Hold Together?" published in the Edmonton Journal several months ago. CHAPTER 4—CANADIAN FINANCES FROM, CONFEDERATION TO 1924 By JOHN F. SINCLAIR Banker, Economist, Writer and Lecturer On the whole, Canadian financing has been sound. Canadian credit is deservedly high, but in beginning a study of the finances of the dominion of Canada, from Confederation on, several minor weaknesses in the fiscal system stand out almost immediately in base relief. The first weakness is the method of accounting, by which national expenditures are divided into- capital expenses and current expenses. No definition of capital expenses has ever been made in Canada for gov ernmental purposes. A study of the different budgets presented to par liament since Confederation' shows that the same items are not even included in capital expenses in succeeding budgets. At times expenditures on public land, on the militia, advances made to the C. P. R. and other railroads, and even debts allowed to the provinces, have been included in capital expenses. Yes, and at other times, carpets on the floors, government buildings, the cost of tearing down bridges and donations to war relief. It is a thoroughly vicious and .'misleading system. A sikllful auditor—and Canada has many—:can shift items of expenditure from current account to capital account, and thus conceal the real condition of national affairs. The system as now used can be manipulated to hide growing expenditures. It can be used to show a fake government surplus, when, in fact, there may be a deficit in running +*%*+?[»<#%&jut f\ e^^C&JL VI $19,434,330. Such loose estimating has a real tendency to make "slipshod the preparation of the main estimates, and to show to parliament and the people sham estimates." This ts especially true if an election is approaching. To meet this difficulty a law could easily be passed, making the total maximum supplementary estimates a very small per cent, of the main budget estimates. Along with this is presented still another weakness. It is the growing lump sum appropriations. In 1915- 1916 the finance minister asked for $1,300,000 "for working expenses of the Inter Colonial Railroad; also $650,000 for operations on Prince Edward Island Railroad." No explanations or details were given other than this. This is merely a sample of a bad practice. Now let us look at the figures of Canada's mounting expenditures from 1867 to 1914 inclusive. When John A. Macdonald took over the formation oil the first government of the new Dominion of Canada in 1867, the national public debt stood at $93,046,000. against this the so-called capital assets amounted to $17,317,000, so s that the net debt stood at $75,728,000. It is well to understand, as explained above, that t%ese so-called capital assets contain such items as docks, canals, wharves, donations to relief, etc. The interest charges on the public debt for the first year (1868) totalled $4,501,000. It was the largest item jpj |_uop-N iadsBf iy 3Hois oisnm avihhod /dn-.ptra gg$ tnojtj: eoud ut Sm^xmi frqduSonoqj^A'ffq ®m SHTOONOHd 3 WlHOd ■___ r?Q XM!TO^ O THE EDMOI.TOK BULLETIN - AUGUST 26, 1924 *J SEE PROOF OF SETTLE WORK Lord Bledisloe and Sir Robert Greig Visit Hebrideans And Soldier Farmers ARE WELL PLEASED Sir Robert Says There Are Two Factors Which Will Bring Population Lord Bledisloe and Sir Robert Greig, members of the British scientists visiting party received an ocular demonstration on Sunday of the work being done for British immigrants in Alberta, when they were taken out to visit the soldier settlers and Hebridean immigrants in the Wetaskiwin and Camrose sectors. Sir Robert Greig is the chairman of the Scottish Agricultural commission and in the land of the heather was in charge of the soldier settlement work. He expressed himself as surprised at the number of veterans on the land here and stated that from the information supplied him there are twice as many soldier settlers in Northern Alberta as there are in the whole of Scotland. He also had charge of the Hebridean relief work in the northern islands and was surprised at the secrecy which is being maintained in Great Britain as to what is being done for the soldiers and the immigrants in Alberta. Lord Bledisloe, who was connect- ed with the fool control commission during the w*ar, is the man who originated the land settlement scheme for soldiers in the United Kingdom, and he too expressed himself as being surprised at what is being done in Canada for the returned men, After visiting the Wetaskiwin and Camrose areas the British scientists continued by car with the; intention of visiting Banff, en route to the coast. Sir Robert Talks "There a„re in this province two great factors that wall make for successful immigration to Alberta," declared Sir Sobert Greig, "the Overseas Settlement Board, and the new Hoadley Scheme of bringing out young men to go on farms in Alberta. The Overseas Settlement Board is well established, but the Alberta Government's scheme is still in its infancy. However, it looks a really healthy proposition, and there is no reason why it should not thrive. "It is a step in the right direction,*' continued Sir Robert, "and when the scheme gets the publicity it deserves in the British Islands there should be a constant flow of settlers with a fair amount of eaoital coming to Alberta. We have the settlers of this type waiting to settle in one or other of the colonies, and the most logical one is Canada. Its close proximity to the Mother Country is always an inducement, but the great advantage of the Hoadley scheme is that before the intending settler leaves England he is sure that he will receive the right sort of treatment on this side. There has been far too much fleecing of the settler coming to Canada, with the result that messages sent back warn others who had intended coming to Canada that it is no place for them to bring their little share of capital. I/oofc After Them "I understand that the Alberta Government will look after the interests of all settlers brought out under its scheme, and that. of. course, is very necessary to protect the interests of young men coming to a j new country without a thorough j knowledge of the conditions pertain- | ing to that country. "The Soldiers' Settlement Board of j ^Alberta are doing wonderful wrork,M continued Sir Robert. "I came out J j here expecting to find a condition 6f j j affairs that were not entirely satis- j factory. Let me say right *out that1 11 am delighted with the wray this j wrork has been done, and especially ; ! with the wrork performed here in Al- I Iberta. The supervision of placing of j ; men on farms, and the looking after | their general welfare, has been done j in sucn a manner that I am sur- i prised that more publicity has not been .given to the work in the British Isles. "Of course we over there hear only the grumblers; the contented man has no real time for long letters; but some form of publicity should be undertaken to offset the bad influences set up by the grumblers and unsuccessful. I fnd that there hav<H been failures here, as elsewhere, but they have been very few. and in most cases the men that have failed would have done so if they v/ere put to work in a mint. Thev would go bankrupt shovelling gold," finished Sir Robert. I COM! Twenty Families from In*: v^rness to Arrive in Ed« monton Soon Twenty families of Highlanders from Inverness will arrive in Edmonton early in May and will be placed with farmers i_ this district by the Land Settlement Branch of the Department of Immigration here. All these immigrants were farmers in Scotland; they were selectel for emigration by Mrs. Ann Macdonald the Canadian government agent in Scotland, and arrangements .are completed for placing j them with 'Scottish employers in j the northern section of the pro- j vince. The latter are aware of their j worth as assistants and are anxious ! to obtain their services,. Plenty of work is available for the j. immigrants who are coming j through say the officials of the j Land Settlement hranich; practically every day parties of Czecho- Slovakians reach this area and find employment with their compatriots in the settlements of this nationality in the Fort Saskatchewan, Vegreville and Wetaskiwin areas. Since the migration from Central Europe commenced thiss pring about 350 Czechs have been found employment in the Edmonton district. G<AkrriA9nTA7(*-rx, /Sa^TaiaCa*. . GfM^t IT if A*. 1MGRANTST0 ' BE GIVEN HELP Edmonton Men Are Named on Advisory Board for Northern Alberta ^4^4 r-'f&f. NO FINANCIAL AID Will Work in Conjunction with Soldiers' Boards in Various Centers (Special to The Bulletin). OTTAWA, April 4.—The Soldiers' Settlement Board machinery, which is bieng made use of in the direction of immigrants, has nearly prepared the personnel of the all advisory boards which, in conjunction with the Soldiers' Board, will give advice, help and all sorts of assistance except financial to new immigrants. The personnel for Alberta is as follows: Northern division: W. T. Creighton, Canada Permanent; H. T. Browning, Montreal Trust; E. C. Pardee, Royal Trust; and Dean Howes of the Agricultural department of the University of Alberta, all of Edmonton. Southern division: E. D. Adams, Hugh Melvin of the Oldfield, Kirby and Gardner Com- \ pany; H. S. Jones, Imperial Life, all ! of Calgary. When the Canadian Colonization Association wras disbanded the Soldier Settlement Board took over that part of its functions which had to do with the advising and placing of the immigrants. It ' wa.s arranged that each immigrant on arriving at a Canadian port of entry should be given a certificate of direction which would inform him that he could go to any superintendent of the Soldiers' Settlement Board, make known his wants and ask advice. By them he would be sent with an inspector who would either help him to choose land or advise on land already chosen, and help generally. This new system of advisory boards in the different centres will always be available for advice and help, and will perform much the same function for the new immigrants that the old Soldiers' Settlement Boards did for the soldiers, except that they will be purely advisory and will not, of course, have any money advancing functions. IMMIGRANTS DUETOLAND Hebrides Party Bound for Edmonton to Arrive in Montreal Soon STEAMERS EXPECTED Nearly Two Thousand on Trans-Atlantic Liners Coming This Week (Special to The Bulletin) I MONTREAL, April 5. — The At- j lantic Steamships, the "Montrose" janrl "Marloch," due to arrive at St. ! John over the week end are car- I rying between them nearly two | thousand passengers, a very large ; -pumber of whom are destined for | the Prairie Provinces and further j West where they will engage in agri ■ | culture. The "Montrose" which is ! due at 10 a.m. this morning is carrying the heavier passenger list, having 1137 aboard in addition to the crew. The "Marloch" has a slightly smaller list and the majority of her passengers are immigrants including a large number of Hebridean immigrants who were taken aboard at Lochboisdale. A train wilt leave St. John about S o'clock with 350 third class passengers for Western Canada. The "Marloch" is due at St. John at 10 a.m. Monday. One train carrying both cabin and third class passengers will leave St. John during the early afternoon of that day, arriving at Montreal at 645 on Tuesday morning. A train will be provided for the accommodation of those from the Hebrides wrho are divided into two parties, one destined for Edmonton and the other for Red Deer. The parties will be segregated on the special which wail run through to, Winnipeg where it will be divided, cars containing the separate parties being attached to the regular trains. MORE IMMIGRANTS ON i WAY FROM SCOTLAND Four Hundred Crofters Sail for Canada by Steamer Marloch LONDON, March 26.-— (Canadian Press Cable) — Considerable interest has been aroused throughout Scotland by the sailing of 400 crofters from OBarra land South Uist, Hebrides, this week, for Canada on the S.S. Marloch. On her next voyage from Great Britain to Canada the Marloch .will take 200 Hebrideans from Stornaway. Many of these latest emigrants from i the Hebrides are closely re- j lated to those who iwrent out to the j Dominion last spring. At least thirty • families have sold out their crofts ' or small farms with a view to starting 'life afresh in the Canadian west. Many wives and children are sailing to join their husbands and fathers who preceded them overseas. ' Letters printed in the newspapers i from Hebrideans already established in the Dominion speak well of their experience in itheir new homes. o THE EDMONTON JOUHNAL - JULY 2 ., 1924. 3 __ o MIXED FARING WILL ATTRACT MEN Of DEVON Shipping Agent Describes Plan Worked Successfully in Australia . W. R. Park, shipping agent, ot Exeter, Devon, England, for a firm that has been instrumental in sending many "Men of Devon" to this country within the past decade or so, who is making his third visit to Edmonton on a tour to ascertain conditions which would conduce to attract settlers to the country, announced that he was greatly impressed with the growth of the city, but that in a general sense the country seems almost as bare as on his previous trip here seventeen or eighteen years ago. He feels that there is a great need for population which Europe could and is ready to supply. "In Australia," said Mr. Park., "the government has commenced a group settlement scheme for the settlers from Devon and Cornwall. This project I have very actively engaged in during the past winter, and I should very much, like to see the Canadian government promote a similar scheme for this country. The type of settler sent out to Australia is the man used from birth to mixed farming, stock and dairying. This I think is the type most needed in Alberta at the present time; men who will and are able to go in for mixed fanning and not stake all in the easier but mofe speculative grain growing solely. The difficulty in getting these | people out here can be summed up in one word—finance—and can be easily understood when we consider that the British Agricultural Wages board has passed a law that the minimum wages paid to a farm hand should be thirty shillings, which is less than $7.00 at the present rate of exchange. This is also invariably the maximum wage and with it the farm hand has to rent his cottage and provide for his family. It is obviously impossible for this man to save enough out of such a small wage to pay his fare to a distant point like Edmonton, the present cost from Exeter being about $150. The Canadian government, however, has followed the example of the Australian'government, and has introduced a, system of "nominated passages." which enables any employer of labor in this country to specify the names of those whom he wishes to get out here. Provided they are passed by the English agent of the. Canadian government the full amount of the passage is advanced to the emigrant, while the dominion government takes the responsibility of collecting the-money so advanced. ) D .THE: EDMONTON JOURNAL. APrllL 15, 1924. '- GOOD WORK The officials of the land settlement board have given several striking demonstrations of their efficiency in recent months and the expeditions manner in which they have placed the newcomers from the Hebrides must inspire still further confidence in the organization. By noon of Saturday every one of the one hundred and fifty persons in this group that had arrived in Edmonton on the previous evening had been placed on a farm in central Alberta. Their arrival had been fully prepared for and they will start work under conditions which will make it much easier for them to succeed than if they had been allowed to shift for themselves, as was the case during the old immigration era. None of them are to be encouraged to buy land until they have had at least a year's experience. They are most appreciative of the treatment which they have received and may be depended upon to write to others in their old homes and tell them about it. Further movements Canadawards of large proportions are as a consequence certain to follow. THE EDMONTON JOURNAL. APRIL 14, 1924. Land Settlement Branch j Moved Fast With 150 Settlers & j Hebrideans who by special train on Frjaa, j has now been placed on a farm in ; central Alberta. By noon Satur- j ! day, the land settlement branch had j I succeeded in establishing in a posi- j Ition of employment every, employ- ! | able member of the party, and only j the departure of trains to the various points delayed the final dis- j tr ibut ion. } All the Hebrideans have now left \ the city for their future homes, and ! only one small group of Irish set- ' tiers, who came along with the Hebridean party, are still in Edmonton. They will be going out on Monday night. Settlers have been distributed to farms near Ardrossan, Killam. St. (Albert, Wetaskiwin, Camrose, Clyde i and Vermilion. Five families have been placed on the farms near St. Albert where five acre plots and a cottage were provided for their own use, while two families have gone on j similar farms near Camrose and one j to a farm under this plan near the j city of Wetaskiwin. The held representatives of the land settlement branch had been busily at work from the moment of the arrival of the Hebrideans, and when the new settlers reached their homes they found stoves up, positions of employment awaiting, and a real welcome extended. A number of the immigrants were placed with farmers who gave them the use of a cottage, together with a, cow, a few hens and a few hogs, in addition to a salary for man and wife of between $300 and $600 a year. Some of the settlers were placed on S.S.B. farms, and secured employment on farms in the neighborhood. None will be encouraged to buy until they have had a year's experience. ALL HEBIEIS FINALLY SETTLED Official Statement Issued by Department of Immigration at Ottawa OTTAWA, April 25.—Without a* hitch all the immigrants who camei to Canada from the Hebrides Islands early this month have been dispersed to farms in the Edmonton and. Red Deer districts of Alberta, where employment has been found for them. according to a statement issued from. the department of immigration today. There were 288 in the party and places were found for 155 at points in the Edmonton district and 129 in the Red Deer district, four; * staying in' Ontario. This party is the second which ha* come under the guidance' of " Rev. Father McDonnell, their spiritual advisor. A number of places were available on farms where family accommodation was provided, with free use ofi house and some livestock, and offering wages of from $300 to $600 a year. . THE EDM01T0N BULLETIN APRIL 12th. 1924. HEBRIDEANS ARRIVE HERE; ^ FIRST PARTY THIS YEAR j t%*M /9 7^ —— — f Immigrants Numbering 150 from the Scottish Islands Reach Edmonton After Long Ocean and Trans- Continental Journey To the skirl of the bagpipes, the [again small boys refused; to- be sep- spearhead of this year's Hebridean ; arated from fathers and brothers immigration reached Edmonton yes- ; and much tact had of necessity to terday evening shortly after six by j he displayed. special train over the C.P.R. With sporrans swinging in .he breeze, Pipe Major Laing and Piper McAl- Clean cheerful rooms and a hot supper awaited them, and today they will find that which they came the islanders/ with the appropriate air of "Ma ain name.'' hster of the 49th battalion welcomed *° Canada to seek—work for all men and women. The Land Settlement Branch of the Department of Tired women.' faces peered cut of Immigration has jobs and homes for the windows as the train drew inMf]I; many employers seeking tne.r and as the echo of the familiar air reached their ears some of the boys standing in the corridors waved their hats. Here was the new home at last, after the long journey across the sea and two thirds of a continent. Although tlie members of that howcI waiting on the railway platform were ._ .mangers,^ the 'people from northern Scotland surely must tlle water stayed with the islanders have felt that Canada was doing the!to the end> while Captain White of help are already in town for the Hebrideans and a considerable number w^ill be on their way to new homes today. Father McDonnell, leader of the movement came over with his parishioners from. Scotland, but'remained at Red Deer. Father Lie- Millan, who also came from across the Land Settlement branch travelled with them from St. John's, and A. J7 Shulman, travelling passenger agent of the C.P.R. also being "amongst those present." Fast Trip West. "We had a fast trip from the coast," said Captain White, "and practically had the right of way. The Hebrideans naturally were interested in all they saw- crossing Canada and made crisp, sensible remarks regarding the appearance of the country, its vastness, and the possibilities of agriculture, once ^ore people are settled in the Dominion." He said they are all of the small farming type and none of them are fishermen; prior to leaving for Canada some of the older folk had never seen a train or had been on board a vessel. "They are first class settlers," said the Land Settlement Board official, "they are sturdy in thought and limb, are happy, -an^, appear to appreciate what is beins done for them by Canada." Rather forlorn, and 'with babies and Red Deer they had witnessed in their arms, or little children hold- other separations, and with the clan ing. their skirts, the women of the •mirit running strong in their blood Hebridean party seemed, tired after ley hesitated. ...... the longest journey they had ever - As they stood there with the big taken in their lives CP.R. coach as a background it was At the Immigration Hall, all was brought home to the onlookers that in readinesg for their arrival. Clasp- here was a type of citizen of which j their gripg and suit-Cases, many utmost possible to make their entry to the new land a happy one, when they heard the strains of the familiar pipes and were greeted with I road Scots' voices wrhich assured them that they were welcome and that all was well. Men, women and children-—and there are lots of youngsters—piled oft* the train as soon as it ceased motion, when at once Major Cordon. Colonel Scott, Captain Gallegher and fiber officials of the Land SeUle- ■ment Branch proceeded to ge_ the new and weary settlers away to the immigration hall. Separate The Partv Rather tired of being stared at so much and apparently indifferent to public opinion the group of 150 souls kept together, and the work of separating the women from the men was one trought with difficulty It was explained that motor cars wore waiting to take tho women/ and children to the Immigration, oaH. and that a special street car' wTould j^onv;ey th c in en. A t jCalgaryj Canada might be plain men with leading to accomplishment, women who he?d known the rearing of large families and. the incidental toil, bright eyed, clear complexioned girls and frank faced, sturdy boys— tho best the islands have to offer and tlie same hardy breed which pushed back the frontier for the Hudson's Bay company in the old days and kept the British flag fly in in Canada. Mrs. H. Gordon, wife of: tne Land Settlement Board Superintendent and other women busied themselves in explaining to the women and children the arrangements made for them, and presently they all trooped off to the waiting motors. Baggage Unloaded. With the exodus of the women the men set about unloading mountains of baggage from the c^irs, and presently all were ' started on their wray to the special street car. Here freed from the pry-^ ing eyes of the street crowds, the proud. Sturdy,! 0f which were home-made from ingle thought planeci wood, with leather handles, as the cars drew up at the-curb and emptied their loads, the travellers, silently, yet eagerly, swarmed up the entrance steps of the Hall and filled the lobby. Here the task of al- loting rooms to families and parties was arranged quickly and quietly. One sturdy youth who had evidently arived at the Hall before the other members of his family, made arrangements for his father and mother and seven brothers and sisters. When they arrived he only had to say, "Follow me," and up the stairway trooped children * of all sizes. Everyone Reticent There seemed to be dozens and dozens of litle boys and girls. They looked curiously about, holding one another by the hand, but no one was inclined to say much. By this time the baggage had arrived on. transfer wagons and w'as soon piled on the side-walk in front of the Hall, atferward being moved away by the islanders relaxed, and a torrent of!11ien to tjie basement Gaelic broke forth and was kept up;/ without a doubt, the sea trip had the civic vehicle reached thej been more enjoyed by all, than the had been immigration hall where the new,train journey. There comers visualized the women and dances and concerts on board and hildren grouped on the steps an a after the first few days of sea~siek~ awaiting them. ness, the voyage had proved most Here again Mrs. Gordon and the enjoyable. On the train, they had other women resumed their chosen avocation of separating the women , talked and listened to the strains of Canada was a flat country. Another was surprised to see that the railways ram through the streets. "We have nice cities in Scotland," confided someone, who hailed from Glasgow. The newcomers were not at all like the Scotsmen seen in the illustrated papers. None of them had curly sticks, tam-o-shanters, or any of the Scotch characteristics. One or.two had bare knees, but they were too young to know that bare knees are not the prevailing fashion in Canada. In fact, they looked just ordinary, sturdy men and women. All the new arrivals are Crofters. That is Gaelic for farmer.. Most of them have farms to go to immediately on arrival here, but a few will have to ask for jobs. One Hebridean was asked if he really came to a dry country on purpose, and knowingly. He answered that he understood it wrould not be dry much longer, and that he had made provision for the immediate! future. An aged settler with a long white I beard had never seen a railway! train until he landed in Canada,! while the trip across the ocean was" f his first experience of a steamer. j Residents of the Hebridean Islands often remain on the island all their lives, and never see the more j populated parts of the British Isles. 111(1 the little children from the music" provided by five pipers, | who, however had been left behind taking them into the building at ^ed rjeer and making them at home, and here, Qne young woman thought that ~ THE ___a_QNTO_T J0U3MAL APHIL 12, 1924. ^THEIR ARRIVAL ations soon commence? How long would it take to get to such and such a place? On every hand was a keen interest; in every man'^ mind was the predominant thought of work, and where it could be found. Several of the men to whom the reporter talked had already been placed in positions of farm employment, and every one of them had been promised a job before the end of the day. Lots of Work Awaits Nor will there "be any difficulty in fulfilling these promises. The land settlement branch had hundreds of requests for farm laborers, and the one and only reason why the new Hmnntnn Fvtennk T-Tpartv !settlers were n°t placed before they amonton cxienas rteany i arrive_ was that some iaea had to Welcome to 150 New Settlers gained as to the number of persons in each famny, in order that all might be properly placed. Five of the families will go to the St. Albert district, where cottages have been built to accommodate them. The scheme is that the families of new settlers shall have a cottage, surrounded by, a five-acre plot of ground that they may call their own. Work on the farm on which the cottage is built is guaranteed They Like Alberta for each member of the family _____ °f employable age, and, with the opportunity to grow garden stuff, etc., on the five-acre lot, the settlers should have every chance of happiness. For the others in the party, the locations will vary, the newcomers being scattered in various parts of anadian Pacific railway at six. the Edmonton district. WILL TAKE LAND IN THE DISTRICT Newcomers, Headed by Father McMillan, Sure Like Alberta One hundred and fifty sturdy settlers from the Hebridean Islands today are making their acquaintance with a new land of fortune. They arrived by special train over the o'clock. Friday evening, and after a comfortable night's rest in immi- Experience First Need Father McMillan, in a chat with gration hall, on Saturday morning the Journal, stated that for the im- were fit and ready for the first step ^It^ ^J^t1^;.!1^ Y1" 1Jot -ei™" * age the new settlers to take up land. towards prosperity and. success in a in his opinion it is a much better new land. plan that they should first become Special arrangements having been thoroughly acquainted with farrn- , .. - , ., ing conditions here, so that thev made to accord them welcome, the th if so in'clin_ be { * Hebsideans from the moment they position to success£ul]y 'follow the "tepped off the tram were made to uit of agricuiture.y p.™ ai_ __-Watad^to.aaJ_;iJ__l th°US.. ne^^l of the newcomers land — a land wneie every man, were «crofters» or sm n farmers In woman and child would be given the Hebrides, conditions there are every opportunity to make good. alt0g-ether different to those prevail- When the tram steamed ,_to the , , this count and ltVm of nation, and the crowd of new sett- necesslty be a Iitt,ey,whlle be££e the !ers commenced to disembark, Major „„ttior= „„„ .,.__. n,„™„»i I Pa Gordon and other officials of the s?ttle^ can aaapt themselves to the government's land settlement branch, together with a number of other Changed circumstances. In case there be those among Ed- montonians who believe these Heb- lo their needs. No sooner were the newcomers out upon the station platform than the officials began to separate the women and children ocal citizens, were on hand to see T.?fi<_or,a ^^a __„*_.« +^ n ^ k ^ A + .,_.._. „„<_*'« -vt^ c,™™ ™™ +1.__ "deans came over to Canada to seek refuge from poverty, the Journal, having met last night's |>arty, is in a position to completely dispel the and quite a number of them there ^ Ji^S^? TA^l" were-lfrom the rest of the crowd, f**l Z^u ?£! Ui.?duc\ted ,bunch» _ . i j.i •_._ _ ' ana Dear all tne hall-marks of com- anfl to escort them to waiting auto- fortable circumstances ° theC°™a mobiles, in which they were con-i„nj wi..r /i_/i +k«,- Ji P _-. , veyed to the Immigration hall. _£_.-__™ . ?J5YXT* t0 ?**"?*• __ some one may ask. The explanation, Forgot Long Journey as given by the men themselves, is It wasn't long afterward until the simple: Canada is a land of opp'or- men of the party were also on their tunity. The Hebrides may be al- way to the hall, traveling in a spe- right, but farming there is on a cial street car. Arrived there, they small scale. Out here, with thou- again joined their families, partook sands of acres of fertile land as yet of the sort of meal that made them; undeveloped, chances for success forget all about the long journey, look rosy, and the Hebrideans with and its unavoidable tediousness, and the true spirit of the pioneer, intend prepared for a good rest. j to try their hands at the business of The newcomers were greeted, uponi achieving success. their arrival, by an element which The first, impression one receives must have made them feel they wer4 °£ those in the Edmonton party is at least not among strangers. Sev-j their sturdiness and general ap- eral of the 49th Battalion. piper^ Pearance of health. Men, women were waiting on the station platform*and children alike look as though and as the train pulled in, struck up1 VP obstacle could long remain across the strains of "My Ain Hame." Con- tneir P^ttj to progress. Fifty or More siderable enthusiasm was occasioned Most of the men Men be the trip was a generally enjoyable one. Frm St. John, the settlers came by special train through Calgary to Red Deer, where 130 of the party remained, and thence up to Edmonton. Got Good Treatment Several of the men to 'whom the Journal talked emphasized the gratitude he felt for the courteous treatment extended at points all along the line. It was a great thing for a newcomer to be accorded the generous hospitality which Canadians generally had shown, and the immigrants were not slow in acknowledging this. By Saturday night, it is expected, all the pew settlers will be placed, and will be ready to commence their career in the new land. in the ranks of the new settlers by K Jl^ T in? men appear to the familiar melody. £etween twenty and thirty! years of In rh9r«/nf P^.,, £* _. th,OUf^ ^^ arG SOme»' *0 leSS In Charge of Party hardy-looking, with grey' beards. The party who arrived here were I he women and children of the under the care of Rev. Father Ivlc- party seemed numerous. Children Millan, and were accompanied tc ranging in age from the tenderest Edmonton by Captain H. E. White years up to fourteen or fifteen were ; of the S. C. R., David E. Conroy marching- about the immigration and A. J. Shulman, of the Canadiarnali °n Saturday. There would I Pacific railway. Every one of these appear to be perhaps fifty or more men showed a keen interest in the l^en, the remainder of the party of welfare of the immigrants, anc ifV b,emg made up by wives and nothing was left undone, immedi: cnit?» en+ .of the settlei's Job Ready for Each * Adult in the Party ■ (Special to Edmonton Journal) RED DEER, April 12.—Immigrants from the Hebridean Islands, find their children to the number of one hundred and thirty all told, arrived at Red Deer yesterday afternoon to become, it is hoped, permanent residents of one of the most attractive mixed farming districts in Canada. Our newest citizens, who are from the Islands of Barra and South Uust, embarked on March 28, on the steamer Marloch. The larger portion of them, about one hundred and fifty, wetit on to Edmonton with Rev. Father McMillan in charge, while Father MacDonnell stays in Red Deer with the smaller party. They are settlers apparently of a very desirable type, strong, athletic and intelligent looking. The Red Deer party embraces about twenty- five young men, perhaps twenty to thirty years old; a number of boys and youths; and sixteen or eighteen girls available for domestic service. Of the fourteen families, six will occupy cottages at the industrial school farm, eight will be placed on farms elsewhere. Jobs For All A honie of some kind, with a job, has been found already for every adult of the party, either on a farm or in Red Deec, Lacombe or Black- falds. Upon the arrival of the train, twenty or more cars were placed at the disposal of the board of trade reception committee, and, writh some of the land settlement branch cars, were used to transport the party with their baggage to the industrial school farm four miles west of Red Deer. After a night's rest, they are being conveyed by land settlement branch officials to the homes where they are to be placed, and it is expected that they will all be satisfactorily settled by Sunday night. Learned A Lesson Taking to heart the lessons learned from last year's experience, those concerned have made a great improvement in the organization of this influx. Less public fuss was made upon their arrival. There was no speech-making or flag-waving. On the other nand there will be no waiting for jobs. Through the generosity of the Calgary branch of the Knights of Columbus, a hamper had been packed for each family, to tide them over their immediate necessities. Mr. W. S. Woods, Calgary, and Mr. J. R. "vv^eston, Red Deer land settlement branch supervisors, are in charge, assisted by Messrs. Glover, Trimble. Phillips, Douglass McTaggart and Pocklington, with Misses Scott and Goodall of the home branch department of immigration. ately following their arrival in thu Tlfe trip from the old land, ac- j which would tend to their com- oording to the men, was about City, VVllX^-li. WUU1U l*3J._M. IU tilClJ. V.U_X_- | " —.■"?"•*. »«« CLUUU.L fort. pleasant as a journey of that length Mrs. Gordon, wife of Major &orw"'~rtbe; ©ailing- on the Canadian don of the land settlement branch, _ ,% %e'Amfhip Ma7 also was tireless in the interests P,^L2 ^r°o; ?y?dale' tbe travelers of the women party taciflc steamship Marloch fromThe Lochboysdale, the travelers _ and children of the^^f^ m st; John on April 7. The , and saw1 to it that they wereft ^Jr^f^f' tile/ state> was featured .soon comfortably esconced in thef^ °jry 01le stormy day, and with' immigration havL Werts, dances, etc., on board, In speaking with a number of the. '__ men at the immigration hall, Saturday morning, the Journal found a, sense of cheerful optimism predominant. The attitude of the new set- tiers in the early morning was in strange contrast to that of the previous night. Tired and hungry they! were, upon their arrival here, not inclined to say much, but on Saturday morning everybody was willing to talk. Fine Mental Topic It was a mighty fine mental topic, too, just to talk to these newcomers. Every one of them, having taken a walk around the city in the early morning, to sort of size things up, was enthusiastic over the new land. One gathered the impression that if ever any group of settlers had1 hopes of making good, these men had. They enthused over the prosperous appearance of the city; they spoke I in glowing terms of the treatment! they had received all along the line, and were quietly confident of their ability to carve out success- To the Journal man ail sorts of questions were put. Was there much work available? Would spring oper- (Ji/MstAjAi, J^LJS^s. e /?£__L____. JAjU-t, i.£____, SOLDIER FARMS UNSUCCESSFUL' Minister Cannot Promise Extension of Period for Payment SYDNEY, N. S. W , Sept. 3 (Specie Correspondence)—Soldier settlers h Victoria are in arrears, amounting approximately to £3,000,000. The arrears in New South Wales are greater still, and it is probable that at least half that money will remain unpaid indefinitely. Beside the actual loss in money there is the loss of time, effort and hope. The various governments concerned must face the facts frankly. Overzealous politicians and experts "rushed" land settlement as a kind of magical method which could be applied to any type of returned soldier, and confused willingness to go on the land with the capacity to succeed thereon. That mistake, plus the failure to see that settlement in excess of an assured market for the products must end in disaster, explains the present financial slough in which the soldier settlement schemes are involved. % deputation, representing soldier settlers in all parts -of the State, waited upon the Minister for Lands to urge that a Royal Commission be appointed to investigate the whole question of soldier settlement. The Minister suggested that a board should carry out the work. The suggested board wrouid consist'of two competent persons, who would go right through the State, and one person in each district to advise on local conditions. Asked to extend the period of payment on holdings from 30 to 60 years, the Minister explained that the money had been found by the federal Government, and would have to be repaid in 1950. He could promise nothing beyond that period. He expressed hie- willingness to release stock and plant for which advances had been made, if the soldier settler I could show that he had effected ____-"' I provements on his block that would give additional security. The Minister said that no soldier who was making a determined effort to meet his responsibilities had any need to fear action on the part of the Government. Such soldiers would be j given every consideration and assistance to overcome their difficulties. I MONEY THE SD_O:,_0. .iOU;_AL. AP=iTT. 1?th, 192 4. o Q . Hebrideans Get First I &~*i Glimpse of Promised mal/1.7$Land Under Leaden Skies Grey skies, an indefinite sprinkling^ of snow and the skirling of pipes 1 One could not help wishing for a ray of sunshine as the C. P. R. train bearing the Hebrideans settlers swung across the high level bridge, over the subway and into the station. But there was a welcome for all that. The pipers were bravely arrayed in their kilts and doubtless the tune they played was one often heard on. Hebridean hills. On the platform a party of men and women waited anxiously to greet the travelers. Some were there because duty called. A few came out of curiosity no doubt. But not all. One had only to glimpse the faces of two men, well past middle age, to know that they too had known the land of the heather and the salt wind sweeping up from the sea. One was smilingly nervously, the other's face was tense. Was it fancy that tears brightened the eyes of both? # # # From the train there poured a miscellaneous procession of men, women, babies, young boys and girls. In a few moments the platform was strewn with piles of luggage, valises without number, bags, rugs, parcels, coats and bundles from which cooking utensils threatened to break loose in revolt at being brought on such a long journey. Among all this confusion, a violin case, told the story of a musician who refused to trust his loved instrument far from his hand. Perhaps he brought it along to cheer his fellow travelers on their journey. One could imagine long hours lightened by the strains of music drawm from the strings of the violin reposing in its modest brown case. # # # For a few moments all was confusion. Then the voice of the photographer intruded itself above the orderly din. "Now then. Stand steady! Look at the camera. Don*t move at the b_lck." Obediently the tired travelers stood at attention, while the cameraman finished his work. Doubtless they had previous experience in being photographed. They stood so patiently. Many of the young mothers were carrying tired babies. Other children belonging to the near baby class hung at their skirts. Bigger boys and girls stood close at hand waiting for father to direct them on their way. All ages were there and whole families. # # * Peter McNeil and his wife appeared to be the veterans of the party. Mrs, McNeill seemed slightly bewildered as one might expect, so her husband was the spokesman of the family. His soft accent bespoke his country even if his name had not betrayed it. "Iss. We are all here," he said in response to an inquiry. And there they were. Father and mother, two sons, two daughters, a daughter-in-law and a tiny grandchild wrho in the arms of his mother, Mrs. Kate McNeill, was photographed beside his grandfather. The journey was long, especially the train journey. Too far, said Peter McNeill. A fortnight they were on the way, but the ten days on board ship wrere pleasant, he added as an afterthought. It was the long train journey after they landed in Canada —too far! Perhaps Peter McNeill recalled the last whiff of salt sea air . . the last glimpse of blue green sea . . the last sound of the restless waves, as he spoke of the long, long journey by land to reach their new* home. Would he ever see it again? For Peter McNeill lived beside the sea and the salt breeze was as the breath of life to him. But they were all there. At least he had one comfort. Around him were his entire family . . and of course, the skies would .not always be so leaden . . From the parcel Mrs. McNeill car- j. ried the spout of a tea pot protruded ! shyly as if bound to get a glimpse of ! the new land, yet a trifle afraid. It j was a comfortable looking tea pot of l the brown Betty variety ... a | neighborly tea pot which might tell ■ many tales of pleasant tea drinkh.gs with old friends gathered around. Let us. hope that Mrs. McNeill will live long to drink the cheering brew poured from that adventurous spout. And that she will often make a cup of tea for old friends and new within its capacious person. Two bonnie brown-eyed girls in their late teens or early twenties smiled happily in response to an idle question. "Iss!" They had enjoyed the journey . . . . only seasick five days of of ten spent on the boat. But they were glad to reach their journey's end. Young, happy, capable! The world lay at their feet for the claimimg. And their families were there. * # * The Dohertys all came too. James | Doherty and his -wife with, the \ youngest Doherty in her arms, were discovered in the midst of their family. They were further surrounded by numerous valises and parcels and bundles, for it takes a quantity of hand baggage to bring l a family of nine, to say nothing of the daughter-In-law and granddaughter and father and mother themselves from the County Down to Edmonton. By this time you will have guessed that the Dohertys are not Hebrideans. In fact they hail from the Emerald Isle. They smiled cheerfully and seemed ready to make friends with any who made friendly overtures. There are nine children in the Doherty family which boasts five boys and four girls, including twins. The eldest son is twenty and with him is his wife and little daughter of two past. The youngest Doherty is a baby of six months, as yet not particularly concerned in its whereabouts. The twins, a boy and a girl, are about four years old. People were very kind all along the way, sa.d James Doherty. They were much kinder than their people at home, he added. # * # When the officials marshalled the women and children away to ride down town, one little girl lingered behind, and without reproach from Father McMillan. This was Anna McLellan, a shy little maiden of fourteen. Anna waited by the door of the station looking for someone. "Are you looking for your mother?" "No," came shyly from beneath the pretty hat. The word brought enlightenment, "Your mother has gone perhaps?" "Iss." That explained why Anna McLellan wraited. Her father and brother were still on the platform and one might so easily get parted from one's entire family in a strange city among strange people. "And do you keep house for your father?" "Iss. I keep house." Anna is one of a family of four. Two brothers are older than herself. The third brother, a lad of twelve, looked as if he might be a jolly playmate when Anna's household cares did not weight too heavily upon her. Let us hope that Anna and her family will soon be settled happily in their new." home. And that wherever it is, there will be some kind motherly neighbors near by and girls of her own age who will see that this brave little home- maker does not grow lonely. * * # The sky wras still leaden as the newcomers made their way down town, but a half hour later the sun came out and flooded the world with gold. As if to make up for the gray day and tardy welcome, the sun extended a glorious welcome to the newcomers, before sinking to rest. Even to eastern horizon the leaden sky was transformed and delicate ! rose and liac tints replaced the ! grays of an hour before. The breaking clouds revealed glimpses of blue beyond and the cloud of smoke curling up from the Hudson's Bay chimney caught the sunset colors and carried them high in a wavering cloud. It was a tardy welcome, but not too late. VOL. 21, NO. 206 IMMIGRATION CONFERENCE WILL CONSIDER PROBLEMS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE Central*and Nort^rn Alberta Will Be Suitably Represented When Convention Opens Thursday in Macdonald; Jointuncheon Takes Place at Noon Representatives of yenty-nine fboards o£ trade, of five twice clubs, of the immigration derltments of five denominational chutes, of the Canadian Pacific and C^dian Ka- tional railways, and s^ral other organizations are certaifto attend \ rthe central and northern jberta im- \ migration conference whj opens in \ihis city Thursday mohg. The <- following have definite! signified their intention of sendinjelegates: The boards of trade CSt. Paul, . Smoky Lake, Vilna, AthSsca, Col- ton, Peace River, Sit River, -ande Prairie, Leduc, llet, La- ombe, Bentley, Sylvan ike, Red Wr, Big Valley, Stetly Ferin- \h, Camrose, Dayslan Tofield, \skatenau, Ryley* Vik^ Wain l# i es- wright, Lloydminster, Vermilion, Vegreville, Fort Saskatchewan and Edmonton. Other Delegations There will be present-also delegates from the South Side Business Men's association, the Camrose and Edmonton Rotary clubs, the Edmonton Gyro club, the Edmonton and Wetaskiwin Kiwanis clubs, and immigration representatives from the Anglican, Roman uatiiolic, Methodist, Danish and Lutheran churches. The big conference opens in the Macdonald hotel banquet room, mezzanine floor, at 10 a. m. Following a stf ement of the aims a^ " -1 - jec+ * the meeting, by President Mothersili of the Eamon- of trade, an address of 7ill be given on behalf of Mayor K. A. Blatchford. ivpptrmxnierit - o7 eonf erence officers will be the next order of business, following which a committee will be appointed to consider and report upon resolutions submitted by the various participating bodies. Addresses by Dr. W. J. Black, director of colonization for the Canadian National railways, Montreal,, and T, Q. F. Herzer, of the C. P.- R. colonization department, Calgary, will conclude the morning program. Joint Luncheon at Noon At noon, delegates to the conference will meet with the board of trade and the Rotary club at a joint luncheon in the - Macdonald, when Dr. W. J. Black will be the speaker, and entertainment will be provided by,members of the "Dum- bells" company. An address by Major H. Gordon, of the land settlement branch, at the opening of the afternoon session at 2:30 p. m., will be followed by consideration of resolutions, the entire session from 3 to 6 p. m. being devoted to this matter. The evening session,' commencing at 8 p. in. in the Macdonald hotel banquet room, will be opeii to such members of the general public as can be accommodateof in this hall. Short addresses will be given by delegates to the conference, and at 8:30 p. m. Premier Greenfield, will give an address on the subject of immigration, this concluding the meeting. ... W. S. Woods, district superintendent of the soldier settlement board in Calgary, will be present to secure information. Much is expected to develop from the deliberations of the conference, and it is hoptedjthat a definite plan for the promotion of colonization and land settlement in central and northern Alberta will be evolved. mTAJT TTTAirm^rXT .75,000 SUIT IS ENTERED BY Widow of Former Lawyer. Starts Action Against CNR. Hotels As an outcome of the fatal accident at the Macdonald hotel on December 20 last, when A. M. Knight lost his life, a statement of claim for $75,000 was filed on Wednesday in the supreme court on behalf of Bertha Pearl Knight, wTidow of the late Albert M. Knight, against the Canadian National Hotels and the Canadian National Railways, proprietors of the Macdonald hotel. Friedman and Lieberman are acting in the matter for Mrs. Knight. In the statement it-is claimed, that the late crown prosecutor in the police court met his death by falling down a shaft owing, to alleged negligence on the part of the hotel company in not operating a service elevator in a proper manner. It is alleged that the elevator and elevator shaft in question are dangerous to life and limb of guests of the hotel and to other persons coming on the premises. It is further claimed that the doors opening into the elevator shaft from the public corridors had no notice nor sign to indicate that such doors opened into; an elevator shaft; that there was'ho notice of danger, the locks on the doors were not adequate, and had . become defective from wear and tear or other causes, and that on the occasion of Mr. Knight's death the doors or some of the doors of the elevator shaft had not been securely closed or locked. That the elevator was not operated by a skillful operator is another allegation made in support of the claim and lack of care -was occasioned pn; thia man's^part because .he had other, duties to perform that night, it is stated. p By reason of the death of Mr. Knight the widow claims that she has lost the protection,, society, maintenance and support o| ,he_t husband, and for this reason brings the action on behalf of herself, as administratrix of the estate, and the four infant children. SUING FOR DIVORCE j A statement of claim fo* cusixu*™ fb. S h and ; has p by ?ains t lleged [rriage under !. Dar- progress aurm; at the offices of the Soldiers' Settle ment board by a committee of Edmon ton men have been concluded this weel As a result of the conferences, held tw to three times a week over,the white month®, final decisions have been mad on the valuation of more than six hun dred parcels of farm land,: held by th board, for British farmers;whose arriva in Alberta will begin iii. the course o the next few weeks. 'The eoh.mittee ii composed of Dean Howes of jjhe University of Alberta, E.- C. Pardee anc C. W. G. Browning, as w#.t,;^as W. T. Creighton, who removed' from the city several weeks ago. It was in '-the* latter part'of October that the committee began-to function here. Its object was to pass on the value of land® that were held by the Soldier Settlement board and which s_ere to be offered to immigrants coming to Canada under the auspices of the Empire Settlement scheme; In its operation it Was entirely independerv of the S.S.B. ; \ ■ How Comm 1 ttee Q$erfLig£ Here is the manner in which it operated, as illustrated by one of the meetings held this week. Major Gordon, head of the Soldier Settlement board in this city, presents to the attention of the committee a quarter section, say in the "V^aihwright district, with the report of his inspectors on the condition of the land and buildings, and with what the inspectors regard as a fair valuation of the home- steads •■-■ ;■■'■■":■ -; ."■• All the documents,, are laid ,on the table before the committee arid they begin ah examination of the reports. They critically look into what has been said of the soil, talk over the conditions of the house and farm buildings and other improvements, and finally decide that the price should be lowered from $20 an acre to $18 an acre,- The superintenden _ presents7 his..: arguments in favor of the higher price.and these are given careful consideration. Eventually the committee, all of whom are men of wide experience,in farm land values, decide to make a compromise on $19 and this is the price at which the land M placed. . , Give AH a Fair Deal The purpose of the work of the committee is to assure to tbe immigrant that he will be given his land at a fair price both to himself and to the government, and. so that he will have no comeback in the future, either that he paid too high or that he secured his land at too. low a price. As was stated before tne. committee have examined more tha'h:,six hundred farms held by the S.S.B. These have air been passed upon after minute investigation and are now ready to be taken up upon the arrival of the sef- at reasonable dependent co The British the money fo. stock and ma< ceed an aver? These loans a annual instal rate of 5 pei being due r season. The appro ment inspec be';given to attention he and moral : and persev< is placed on members ot farming ex; p loyment or mother arid on the home advisable a :be .provided after;, settiem expected to. • the season of expected to pi other work p( .; It is arrarig< sold, to any set opportunity to, can succeed .up end; of the" se< chase price wi family goes int( be changed, ei in value occur, of the family t< cessfully has be soon ;as ah a.$ farm has pbeeh settler,; reasona horses, cattle * provided, and ti will be able t< management an ETC/F 1924 Appointments at McGill University ails to Hear Rust in 2D.—(Star Special ent.) :— While no Is being held into reports sent out regular represen- [Itural Department nts of the Bureau ->ing a particularly /eloping crops. which has come list if y at all the St, while today's te crop situation ing and t^e out- Iyer," in Northern •-.Iberia, the yield lan last year, S VARY. July 29.—(Canad- ? crop conditions Saskatchewan, but were received by tics branch of the ^culture yesterday part of the pro- &*?«&_£ the last reatly improved -me districts. lit in, only a few rain and the still as a result, sen plowed under aile summer fal- ing the drought though at their r short. icrn part of the .ht improvement districts, but all ent moisture, rk is practically cent of the wheat will begin in the during the last ;t. Only slight cut-worms is re- Kite % Line n-Year-Old Fa., July 23.— strand of light .y a kite brought John Bobby, of g to a police re- ng- his kite in a e wire wrapped when the strand msion line of the and Light Com- olts of electricity oody. i JOTTINGS I LONDON ^ONDENT 29 — (Star Spe- Poole, Staff Cos- T^elletier Agent- tes officially ^•signing at da j§hort- indon. "a. on Reading from left to right are the photographs of: Top—Dr. A. H. Gordon, appointed Associate Professor of Medicine at yesterday's meeting of the Board of Governors of McGill University. Dr. Gordon is a graduate of McGill; and Dr. W. L. Barlow, who was promoted from lecturer to Assistant Professor of Surgery, Medical Faculty of McGill University. Dr. Barlow graduated from McGill in 1898, and was resident in the Montreal General Hospital. Following upon, this he was made clinical assistant In surgery in 1900, and assistant surgeon to the hospital in 1905. He was _9rst appointed to McGill University in 1902, when he became demonstrator in clinical surgery. Below—--Dr. W. F. Hamilton, who Was appointed Professor of Medicine at McGill University. Dr. Ha_mil.ton graduated from McGill in 1891, and after his year of service as a resident in the Montreal General Hospital, he became superintendent of that in_yfcitu,tio-i# Since then he has spent several years abroad from time to time in pursuit of knowledge of his specialty, internal medicine. Dr. Hamilton is a physician to the Royal Victoria Hospital; and Dr. C. B. Keenan, who was named Assistant Professor of surgery. Dr. Keenan graduated in 1897 from McGill; was house surgeon in the Royal Victoria Hospital, and later senior resident. He went to the South African war as surgeon to the .Strathcona Horse, where he Was awarded the D.S.O,, and on his return he became clinical assistant in surgery, and later surgical pathologist to the hospital. U.SA PUTS BAN ON QUEBEC MS TREE Invasion of Gypsy Motli is Feared on Eastern Township Frontier A Federal quarantine against the importation of Christmas tress and greens from certain parts of the Province of Quebec was put into effect July 1 by the Federal Horticultural Board of the United States Department *bf Agriculture, The necessity for the quarantine is the presence of the gypsy moth, a destructive insect pest, in northern Vermont, near the Canadian border, and the €act that it may shortly be expected to invade the Dominion, if it has not already dome so, and may be spread to other parts of the United States. The parts of the Province of Quebec to come under the quarantine are: The townships of Have-lock and Hem- mingford, in Huntingdon County; Napierville County; all territory south of a line drawn east and west through St. Blaise on the Canadian National Railway, in St. John's County; the seigneuries Of Sabre vols and No-yam. in Iberville County; the townships of Dunham, St. Armand, and Stanbridge, and the seigneurie of Faucault, in Missisiquoi County; the townships of Sutton and Potton, in Brome County; the townships of Stanstead, Barnston, and Barford, in Stanstead County, and the township of Hereford, ii Compton County. The quarantine, _t is said, will r supplemented and supported by quarantine issued by the Canada Department of Agriculture prohibit1 the movement of Christmas trees greens from this area to any p outside, either Canada or the tfjj States. Canada, too, will make vision for the certification of Cf mas trees and greens originatm an area of about the some size mediately surrounding the embs territory. BOY FRACTURES THIGH OVide Couture, of 1332 Ms street, aged 10,. running acro. lum street at the corner of street, at 5 o'clock yesterda. noon, was struck by a m( knocked to the ground sufl fracture of the rlgrht thigh, cident happened at 5 o'clock day afternoon i The boy was the Ste. Justine Hospital soon SS. ' *EM PRESS OF SCO FROM QUEBEC, WEDNI JULY 30 SS. Empress of Scotland from Quebec, Wednesday, j Passeng-ers booked for this* will be accommodated from Windsor Station, on regu7 Tuesday, July 29th. In ad adian Pacific Railway t Steamship Special Train, < second and first class coe and parlor cars, leavh Windsor Station at 9.30 ard Time), Wednesday running direct to Ship'r bee. LIBERALS TO MAKE mmw Lapointe Invi*" Place n Bought Upon IAMONDS largely hov I 7 rT"* Form No. 504 fr^Lff*^ a. Cattatia* "In Replying Please Quote File No. ey row |f ^( ^V> ^ TV t* 6 W fouthful Immigrant Accused of Stealing Revolver and Shotgun John Forrester Moffat, who came ver to Canada under Hon.;•George loadley's scheme for training young len flrom the old country for farm- lg work at Vermilion, appeared iij ie criminal court before Mr. Justice oyle on Thursday, charged with tealing a revolver and a shotgun the roperty of different persons at Ver • lilion. E. B. Cogswell. K.C., prose- uted. H. H. Parlee, K.C., defended loffatt, who stated his intention was ot to steal. Since leaving the agricultural chool at Vermilion, Moffat had tayed with William Maggs, from yhom he was alleged to have taken he revolver, and Alexander Cyr, the >wner of the shotgun. Maggs denied hat he had offered to sell the revolver, to Moffat far $10 as alleged.. Moffat stated that Maggs wTas> in bed half asleep when the offer was made, so that he probably did not remember. His intention was to pay the $10 to Maggs. In the witness box Moffat stated that he thought the shotgun was his own. He said he came to see H. A_ Craig, deputy, minister of agriculture, at Edmonton,^ who was none too anxious to have him around this part Of the country and wanted him to go to Vancouver. Later he went up to Athabasca with a land settlement man because had not enough money to take him -to Vancouver, hut returned from Athabasca because the job sought for him was fi lied. On returning to Edmonton lie found, that his own gun was in his baggage with a smashed stock. He then realized that he had sold the wrong gun and took his own down to Uncle Ben's on 101st street in order to have it mended so that he could send it to Cyr for the one he had told. ! H. A. Craig wanted him to sign a I paper stating that he had stolen the ] gun and revolver so that the minister could use Moffat's funds to straighten the matter out. This Moffat refused to do on the grounds that he had not actually committed the crime, and sent $7 to Constable Cur- rie at Vermilion to help square the matter up. An adjournment was made at noon. 1 Form No. 504 £ UNITED EFFORT TO ALLEVIATE UNEMPLOYMENT Edmonton in Much Better Position Than Its Western Neighbors ALL COOPERATE TO PROVIDE JOBS Some Will Not Work No Matter What Positions Are Offered Whether the unemployment conditions, as existing today, are more serious locally than in other western cities has become a vital subject in Ldmonton, and for the purpose of as^ certammg the present situation, the Journal has been carrying on a careful investigation. Those in a position to know claim that things are no worse in the citv than in other western centres of population, and some even go as far as to say that Edmonton is particularly fortunate in comparison with ' its neighbors. The city corporation, the employment bureaus, colonization departments of the two trans- continentals, and large employers of labor have combined to look after the unemployed to the best of their ability, and their efforts have been strengthened through the cooperation of outside lumbering concerns and fishing companies. Figures show that many positions have been filled since winter set in, and these statistics also prove that the city's unemployed has been steadily increased through the inclusion of "floaters*' from outside points. Work Is Available That quite a little work is available would seem to be borne out by the records of the government employment bureau, which reports 922 men and 249 women placed in posi- j tions during the month of January. ; Of the first-mentioned number, 229 i of the jobs were placed on farms, 480 in the bush, and the remainder in a Yariety of positions, including some bl city jobs. The women were given employment principally as domestic servants, and only 19 of them had to go out to the farms. Applications for employment now on file at the labor bureau total 308. officials state. This is about one hundred higher in number than a month ago, and the highest figure for the present season. With more than 900 men placed during the month of January, and with less than 300 applications for work on file at the beginning of the month, the natural deduction would seem to be that several hundred men have drifted (Continued on Page Nine) UNITED EFFORT TO ALLEVIATE UNEMPLOYMENT (Continued from Page One) into tlie city since the beginning of the year and are seeking employment here. Another Important Factor The Edmonton branch of the Soldiers' Settlement hoard, now the land settlement branch, has also heen a factor in providing .employment, its activities commencing in the fall ofl 1923 when it not only provided employment for 800 British harvestrs who were in the district and, by a systematic canvass, secured winter work for 3,500 men. A similar procedure has been carried out during the present autumn and winter and work has been provided for no less than 2,178 men. The city of Edmonton has done everything in its power to look after the unemployed. The Calder sewer was the first contra ct awarded with the intention of helping out in relief work, while two further, pieces of w^ork, the Elm Park and 10.1st street diversion jobs, will also alleviate the situation to some extent. The 101st street subway also absorbed a number of unemployed, although the strikes had the effect of sending a number of the employes to the bureau again. A final effort was the municipal woodpile, where those Whose family* ties will not allow them, to leave the city are pprovided with an opportunity to earn a wage. Cannot Please Everybody Naturally all this relief work on the part of a number of interested parties has not heen carried on without some discontent being maniflested by the unemployed. Jobs cannot always be found to suit the men and men cannot always be found to fit the jobs. Instances have been cited where men have had as many as five different positions offered them, have reported for duty, and, upon learning the nature of the work, have quit' in disgust. Then . there are those who, accustomed to better things, have willingly adapted themselves to the new form of labor and are making good. One Firm's Experience How the labor situation is working out is indicated in some measure by the experience of a lumberman at Rocky Mountain House—-J. E. Hea- therley, general manager of the Phoenix Lumber company. The incident in question took place some three weeks ago, But* similar conditions are said to exist at the present time. Mr. Heatherly had wired R. C. W. Lett, general agent of the Canadian National railways* colonization department, a few days,previously, indicating that he needed more men for work in the Rocky Mountain House lumber camp. Then he came to the city to look after the matter personally. On arrival, he found that Mr. Lett had got in touch with some forty unemployed men, who were then brought over to the C.N.R. office to meet Mr. Heatherly. The lumber company manager offered all of them employment, at a wage of from $30 to $35 per month and board, according to their ability. Any who wrere able to drive a four-horse team he was willing to pay $50 a month amf board, The offer "was received and discussed among the men. Finally, one of them spoke up. "No, boys, don't take it!1' he advised. "Why should we w^ork at less than $35 a month? We don't have to!" The net result was that out of the forty only eight men accepted the work offered. "In Replying Please Quote File No. StnT^nother Case Another incident indicating the trend of things has to do with a lettet to the government's land settlement branch at Edmonton from George D. McRae, Peace River lumberman. Mr. McRae, writing frcm Peace River under date, of January 27. says: "I amvin need of some log-makers and have an order with the government employment bureau, but find men slow in coming along. At the present time we have railroad fares for three men, and I was wondering if you have any Swedes or Swiss men looking for work. "Have most of the men you sent me last summer, and they are making from $40 to $50 per month and board cutting logs at $1.25 per thousand, Scribher Rule, paying $1 per day for board." Major PI. Gordon, whose duties Form No. 504 ^V 0\Vet ^mttne^ m\)r Carta&a. "In Replying Please Q_ote File No. setr 1 A FARMER'S VIEW Editor the Journal. Sir,—-Your report of the land set tlenient conference will cause much comment amongst your rural readers. It appears that the delegates were not prepared to hear hard facts from Mr. Williams of Leduc, but- welcomed statistic figures from Major Gordon, head of a settlement policy that is far from a success. Even if $1,000,000 worth of grain was exported from Leduc district, and a ton of cheese per day made there, does it prove that farmers are prosperous and contented? What about the unpaid labor of the farm women and children, because if a farmer pays hired help to milk cows, how much profit would he have? Will all those prospective sailers relish working seven days a week the year round, for about ten years before they can really make good on their farms ? Then again, this boosting of farming, when wheat is high will act like a boomerang. By the time new settlers have wheat to sell, who can say wheat wTill be a good price? What happened to the soldier settler who started when wheat was high? Two wrongs will not! make one rig-ht, and it's not right | to induce land settlement when I times, are good, and leave the set-) tler£ 7 to find: out wdiat farming* is like, nhder poor prices. i Contented settlers writing to the ! old country would do more to bring j the right kind of immigrants than scores of city boards of trade conferences, but we are not like the ostrich Who bides his head in the .sapd. and thinks everything is fine. It would be saner to spend money to g^et the present settlers in good sh ape, than to ... bring more in, and have them disillusioned, job-hunters in the city. A. R. ELVIPGE, Round Hill, Alta. Form No. 504 && mmem*tt/ mDr Canafca* "In Replying Please Qyote File No. ^x vw ^Jro^o"^"^ 1,51 FHUES TO FROM BBf TM Empire Settlement Plan Goes Into Effect First of March (Special to Edmonton Journal) OTTAWA, Feb. 2.—The agreement between the Canadian and British governments respecting immigration from overseas under the empire settlement plan becomes effective the first of next month. Immediately thereafter the initial movement is to begin.' By the terms of the agreement three thousand families are to be brought out and assisted in locating on the land. It is expected that from twelve""to fifteen hundred of the number will come during the next season, and for some months field officers of the land settlement branch of the immigration department have been abroad meeting the prospective newcomers and advising them of the characteristics of the different provinces. The immigrant will select the provinces he wishes to locate in, and the department will advise as to the particular district. Advices received here indicate that the distribution will be scattered, but the bulk will go' to the prairie provinces and British Columbia, with a considerable number to Ontario and a hundred or so to the maritime provinces. Form No. 504 TO frW**temetx 4. Canada. "In Replying Please Qyote File No. £?rj))\ an /on vaivy/^ ) JOBLESS'DOLE' RUINS IN OE BRITISH ISLES Sir Joseph Cook Scores It as Greatest Migration Barrier ARE TOO CONTENT TO SIT AT HOME No Incentive to Do Things Says Australian High Commissioner LONBOiNv April .'14.—A most sweeping condemnation of the dole as the greatest existing barrier to migration was made here yesterday by Sir Joseph Cook, high commissioner for the Commonwealth of Australia, and his speech is arousing much discussion. Sir Joseph said that Australia was unable to obtain immigrants "while these men can sit at home and do immensely well for themselves as they are doing now." Doles and Movies Sir Joseph said that since the dole to boys and young men in England had been increased the difficulty in obtaining suitable emigrants for the dominions had been made infinitely greater. The people of England complained because Australia wanted only the best manhood of the country, Sir Joseph said, and he added: "Believe me, we cannot get them, and we do not expect to get them. If we could we would be glad, but we never shall while they can sit at honne and do so wonderfully well for themselves. Few of the young men from the British cities are any good as emigrants (because their mind® are occupied hy the dole and the picture shows and this is closely related to the unemployable mind. They are not quite up to shifting for themselves." The Australian high commissioner concluded by Saying that sound training in technical trades would do more to increase the potentialities oil the empire of the future than any other form of education. Practical Education This speech by the high commissioner was followed by an* equally strong attack by Sir John Cockburn, formerly minister of education in Australia, who declared that today there is too much book learning and too little practical education in the British schools, The frankness- of these denunciations and the emphasis with which they were delivered has given something of a shock to their hearers. .. At the same time Mr. Cranfield, director of the Canadian publicity bureau in London, has written to the Morning Post saying that there is an unscrupulous anti-Canadian propaganda movement in existence and he advises seekers after correct information to apply to him. _£/____J___i_i/_] *** <*?^Nffy'" TUESDAY, APRIL 7, 1925 =* *^= "'ml- BERTA LEGISLATE W*WNi»VS<'W»>A p*~ alvaget colonization government idea on Vlethbrwge northern Unless Alberta Acts to Relieve Situation Province Will Be Left With 12 Million Dollar "White Ele- ;.*7 phaift'' on Its Hands, Says Brownlee 'Ir' \r: img- rr land J.ETHBF.IDGE NORTHERN IRRIGATION POSITION The Lethbridge Northern Irrigation scheme consisire of 100,000 acres of irrfoablje, land and 200,000 acres of/ no » able land. The irrigat Has befn provided y.'th_f____*If. _er! at a total capital chML of $5*400,000, or at thfe raH of $55 and interest, on everyj«cre of irrigable land in the dismict, There are only 300 resiftnt settlers on the project toda^ It is stated by Dr. Widtsoe, irrigation expert who made a recent survey of the project for the Alberta government, that no irrigation farmer should work more than 100 acres. This means that,, to completely settle the project, another 700 settlers are required. Each of the 300 settlers is jointly responsible for the capi^ tal charges, hot only on his own holding, but on the unsettled area also. On the present basis of 300 settlers, the final capital charges might go as high as ^ $100 per acre. The 300 settlers .-^will not remain on the land .-• without knowing what those final charges will be. Also, they state, that they cannot pay the charges ^ftAdfl^ake a living. Water pli_MBP*to users must be redu^djppey contend. THE POSITION»OF THE m ALBERTA GOVERNMENT' The Alberta government has two alternatives. It may refuse to give relief, or it may decide to give it. If it refuses relief, the 300 settlers will leave and the province will have on its hands, an irrigation project with no settlers, and a bonded debt of $5,400,00&„ which, in the 35 years in which the bonds *will mature, will have pyramided to about $12,000,000. If the government decides to act, it feels that it must provide (a) an immediate colonization polipy for 700 settlers; (b) financial assistance in home* building and in the purchase of horses and cattle to those settlers) (c) water rates to present and future settlers, at a rate which will enable the project to compete for settlers with existing projects, and to make enough margin for a. living for the settlers. The .on_r~antieipated "Lethbridge Northern Colonization act" is now before the Alberta t legislature for second reading, having bee^ spoken to by Hon. V. W. Smith, minister of railways, and the debate on second reading having beejaf'adjourned by Hon. J. E. BrownlaR after an address of an hour alfa. a half's duration. In Jtt|ikkmg to second reading of the ■pHoft. V. W. Smith 'outlined the early history of the irrigation mojM^nt in southern Al- lUrta, and!HB|Pted that in general', pfche bill provided terms which would-1 *^™able water users to %take good der irrigation farming; enable „.e province to get settlers to fill «_i« the vacant lands in the area, provided for easier terms in the years of settlement, with in- d payments as the settler be- better established. Brownlee Speaks Frankly /Hon, J. E. Brownlee, who continued the debate, handlpcltBPlVe lethbridge Northern situation with Lmplete frankness. "The whole erne is a question of salvage arilj% so far asjthis province is cerned," he saidy after an ex- stive review of the existing situ- ition. "Colonization Is*,at the base f the bill," was another of Mr. wnlee's statements. *TJ the gov- *- cannot fill up these lands, keft with a project and no with a bonded debt of and interest, which in the in which the bonces are !d, will have pyramided to 2,000,000." rownlee adjourned the de- a45 p.m., and wlflS resume W. Smith, i_#fe?caking to readmit sailte4 ^ th. ■dpn W; >gl tl % bjill, ^f its^title indicates, "_h the* coloniA^ion of the prthern .nidation dis- |ie matter which con- is the solution of the _es *exisjing toda^ in cpn- ; with this ,disxric__ and while that phase of the ques- propose to deal in the \s which I have to make 111 probably be well for the members offehis not familiar wiuBthe back a little and pre - lings which have led ration. r pas first introduced r Liberta over 25 years forks which now eon- R. «£. I. section of vere constructed during /od of the later nineties. lowing this construction, w*_ jfed in 1901 and 1902 a #seneBv-^J#wet years during which a / great/pafrt of the south country was opeiied up fo«Mfctlement. Splendid wheat ijmops fHK^ grown and no- j&body wanted^mgation. Occasional dry years occurred, but on the whole there was what might be called a wet cycle of years* cuiirgn-J. atin^jn 1916. Irrigation developnfbi-rfi f atms^m :'.aPa-'0, irhWfm i antly, a: |en slow^ but 191.7, 1918 rere all / dr^ and the irrigation "roduced ;ly, and witli -Aces good, the dry lands hacfpractically1^ ing and then the whole south "country clamored for irrigation, *_ The domj^km government irrigatioif.. de- parwKnt had made .urvcys showing the ^M_sibiijjty of irrigating the tract ffi? animation and report by th" George G. Anderson, an irri^ engineer of repute, from Losi geles, gave full guarantee o: principal and interest of 30-yea: per cent bonds, to the amouh $5,400,000. "With this guarantee ttb bond® were sold. The amount oWRie issu%j||Qffe w_ys intended to covef air ..charg«_qjgut: including interest until thje/^end pf the year 1923, and f was "planned that the works would be completed for operation in the spring of 1923 so that the farmersfhvould have the benefit of that season's crop under irrigation before the first levy of rates in 1924. Construction was immediately commenced and. carried through according to schedule and within the estimated cost. But the best laid plans sometimes fail, and shortly after the water was turned into the ditch early in 1923, an unprecedented flood in the Old Man river damaged part of the ditch near the head works and carried away a section of the main flume so that not only was water not available for the season of 1923, but a considerable amount of money had to be expended in repairs. "The season of 1923 was one of fair rainfall, and the farmers prepared little land for irrigation and thus learned little of irrigation methods. _,, ■ First Real Test "This brings us up to the season of 1924, when water was available, when rates were levied for. the first time and when the ability of the farmer to pay tlie rates came seriously into question. "It is necessary t6 quote a few figures to give a clear understanding of the matter, and, to get a conception of the situation from the viewpoint of the farmer on the land, the figures are best presented by way of costs per acre; while to get a conception of the government's obligation, total amounts have to be considered. I will, therefore, present the figures in each way in the few remarks that I propose to make at this time. "Before the work commenced, a bylaw for the issue of $5,400,000, six per cent, debentures was voted on by the landowners to be affected. This bylaw carried by an overwhelming majority. The area then estimated to be irrigable was 105,265 acres. This meant a capital cost of about $51.29 per irrigable acre. These debentures were guaranteed by the government. Owing to flood damage in 1923, some additional capital expenditure was necessary and this housa^ last year, voted tlie sum of SjflpKH) which was advanced as a loan to the district on the security of short term debentures. The total capital debt then is $5,540,000. It developed by 1924 that the full acreage could not be irrigated for various reasons and the assessable area for the levy was a little over 100,000 acres. Putting it on an acre basis, the capital charge against the land for the construction of the irrigation works ,is now^practically $55 per irrigable acre. ***§ Claim Charges Too High "In going into the project the farmers doubtless honestly believed that they could meet the charges without diffciulty. At that time prices of agricultural products were go^§>Irrigated lands in the United States were selling for a high price. IaHgated lands just east of Leth- bridg^wfl|e giving high returns and suc^PI apemed assured. In 1924 whc#* thsT water was available and a rate of $5.25 per acre was levied the picture had changed entirely. A series of dry years had left many of the residents laboring under a burden of debt. They1 had not the means to properly prepare the land and to change their methods of farming; and to get the value of irrigation, an entire change of method is absolutely necessary. The result of all this was that during the season of 1924, the first year of operation under irrigation, the first year of levy of rates, and before Government'sVropdsals * Lethbridge Northern Irrigation Schemi 1. Immediate colonization efforts to secure 700 new settlers 2. Reduction "to the bone" in the charges flor water rig1 payment. No charges for the first three years, then $2 per ac for three years; $3 per acre flor four years; $4 per acre for fl\ years, and $5 per acre for 34 years thereafter. (Present chargei are $3.70 per acre for the years 1924-1928 and $4.70 per acre for the next 23 years.) 3. Removal of the "joint liability" obligation for capital charges. 4. Cutting down of all holdings to not over 160 acres each ^which 100 would be irrigable), with listing and sale of _luous holdings. ■ Financial aid to the extent of $850 to each new settler, 5f. wnich -is for building material or buildings, $250 for %%, and $200 for milch cows. The loan to be repayable in s frears. J *«m*&m»t*m*i+-. m id not .seem very difficult, ffer "them an attractive bargain! just how attractive? Just how far was it proper to go in altering the terms of payment. What could the water user, the average man, under average conditions, over a term of years, expect to accomplish and produce—and many allied questions. "The matter was discussed with men of knowledge and experience without reaching a definite conclusion and the government finally decided to get the best advice obtainable. The United States federal government with one hundred and eighty-three millions invested in similar projects had encountered similar difficulties. President Cool- idge had appointed a strong committee to investigate the whole situation. This committee had spent months in investigations interviewing the people, examining conditions,, and analyzing the information obtained and the report of that committee dealing very fully with the situation had recently been published. ,, ■ ._ -. , "Their problems seemed identical with ou* ^* The Widtsoe Report "The vice-chairman and secretary of the committee was Dr. John A. Widtsoe, who was recommended highly as probably the best man available to advise the Alberta government in its difficulty. Fortunately though he is a busy man, Dr. Widt- toe's services were available to us and he was asked to come here in consultation. "The result of his investigation into conditions is embodied in his report which was laid on the table of the house recently—the bill now before you is an attempt to put into effect, as far as possible, the recommendations embodied in that report. It has been made clear to us in the study of the situation that there are many divergent views as to just what should be done. Probably no two persons could be found whose ideas in the matter would exactly agree, even among these well qualified to express an opinion. But the provisions here have been carefully considered with the main object always kept in view that there must be a proposal sufficiently attractive to enable us to get settlers and still not interfere unduly With other projects and other lands in the province awaiting settlement. * Settlement Only Chance "The only chance to reduce our loss is to get the land settled, and all settled, and the sooner it is all settled the less the loss will be. "The details of the bill will be under discussion when it goes into committee. But in general it provides for the establishment of terms which will enable the water users now there to make good under irrigation farming, and wdiich will enable lis to get new settlers wrho can make good on the surplus lands. In this direction/ and in this direction only, seems to lie the road to success. "There is no blanket writing off of capital charge; the plan is to provide easier terms during the earlier years to the bona fide Water user on an economic unit which we call a 'home place.' Later, when he has had time to become established in proper methods, he is to pay more." LETHBRIDGE SITUATION NO NEW ONE—BROWNLEE Hon. J. F.. Brownlee, in his opening remarks, pointed out that the existing situation in the Lethbridge Northern District was no new one. Though there was ample proof on the North American continent, of the fact that water users building farm homes on small acreages could Ceparti^ hers, and pi result. 1 , become comfortably and profitably the rates were required to be paid, settled, it was %■ :fact, as shown by heir repa meLJ|oons rJ^lfc|n .eSprrig tl™ keep M ni^km gov dWnt had -_P^sl'kJ____ry ieli iio^jforms the Lethbridge rthern Irrigation distidct and ae ive steps were taken bSKiiiterested p landow put in wor|? in , 020 tial gua: ment of the the machinery ch would%et the > ' ■* Yv rmed in 1919, voted 287 to 8 . Th.re seemed as to the sale- (.bentures arud t was pressed ntee. A par- "or the pay- three years, was given, but the debentures when offered for sale had no buye_*^ The year 1920 Was again dry wittr%spe~ cially bad drifting of soil and again strong requests were ^rnade for a debenture guarantee at the session of the legislature in 1921. The people of the district had themselves again voted £_!_• --, a debenture issue of $5,- 400,000 Mff a majority of 262 to 16, there was an insistent statement from the residents that the charges were greater than could be borne. "It had been realized by this government from the start that the n'uniber of people in the district waJF insufficient t to properly work the land Ander irrigation; that the land holdings wer^ too large, and that, no^matter how successful the scheme might prove for. the man working a proper area, the One with too much land must either part with some of it or fail. An ef- for/K wras therefore made to assist the' landowners to dispose of their excess land^fc_ittle success was me with in thjs direction for numerj reasons. ^_|_B_. False Idea of^values "The high prices which had be paid for irrigated lands lin United States gave mais*y cfeners a false idea of values and it w^as ditt ficult to get lands listed aUa price, which, added to the $55 capital charge, would make an attractive proposition. The w'orks were at that time not completed and the water was . nol^ immediately available. There was no demand for land anyway; farming conditions were and nobody wanted to buy land. acquainted with?, irrigation *| ere attracted were msjklly tied ated land c!:j«H____l ;nul t sell and so cfl ffirf buy the season oB Kl saw t go into op^H^n with little increase in set- ith the residents de- leral conditions, ation rates have to gturie land itself. The lanWlto anything muftf; be proHPly worked an^ to worl^Jliie land there must bemibre settlers. Settlers could not be obtained when the people already there were asserting vigorously that they could not pay the charges. tjfhmma.s evident that the province haH Bick patient on its hands, V|BP Diagnosis Is Made "iSS' a' first step towards diagnosis of the case, an economic survey of the district wras made* in September of 1924 for the purpose of gatherijta^ first hand information from^B Hr resident as to his position, HHPa great deal of. consideration was given to the matter for the purpose of determining if possible ju#st what charges the lands could reasonably bear. There was no doubt that the remedy was to get settlers. So lbng as amy parcel of land remained unoccupied there was great probability that it wrould not pay rates. Every parcej^^^land that paid lightened thWj B|ernment's burden that much. T^ ^.lem was, the recent investigation of the U. S. commission appointed by President Coolidge on irrigation, that too much attention had been paid to the engineering side of the problem, and too little to the human side—1 that of the farmer whose lifetime must be spent on the irrigated land. The report of the U. S. commission, stated Mr. Brownlee, showed that the net construction cost of irrigated Works in the. United. States at June 30, 1923 was $143,000,000, of ^hich $101,000,000 was covered by water contracts.* The users had repaid only 10.9 per cent of the total construction cost. 'Of the construc- repayment charges actually due n that date 85.8 per cent had been It was quite , clear that the Trrigatiori farmers wfere, not able keep up with the payments due. The United States «6uld affor do what Alberta could not—Wfy could, ,for instance, make ad|anees for construction costs without interest, and the report had recommended the writing 0% of capital charges totalling $19,000,000, while another $9,000,000 would have to be w^ritten off before the work was concluded. j Has Gone Long Way Ahead ] "Alberta has* gone a long way ahead in providing the facilities for irrigation, before it had the settlers," said Mr. Brownlee. "If not, it has greatly over-estimated the capacity of the people, or of the land, to produce .■■■ Wealth." "-'& Production costs per irrigated acre were responsible for the bring- { ing into being of the Lethbridge Northern scheme, proceeded Mr. j Brownlee. The Coaldale project in ! 1918. for instance, had an estimated acreage production value of $54.71. ! and in 1919. of $49.31. By 1924 these ! values had declined to half, while on .ethbridge Northern project it ■. estimated that $16.19 was the vafue per irrigated acre, and $S.09 per dry acre. There might be criticism of the government for not having taken action earlier, said Mr. Blbwnlec, Ibut he felt that earlier action wras |mot possible. It was first necessary that creditors, who had established liabilities to tlfe extent of $11 per acre on the project, must be willing to realise that they, too, must make some sacrifice, and also, that landowners must come to the realisation that they must cut down their holdings^ list the surimrs lands, and thus enable the govenlment to put on a colonization scheme, without could not re- Lethbridge, a man famili.ai7 with entire situation; Mr. Fg|p '*# Lethbridge, a recognized^| authority; Mr. Naismii 3 C.P.R. irrigation depart^ Magrath, and others, ent bill was the Jt The Cenjral Themf= Colonization was ,thep^ theme of the bill. There' \%£ 000 acres of irrigable lau|_ 200,000 acres non-irrigable,' area, with $5,400,000 capital ' against the project, or $55.^ ter est, against each irrigab while in addition, maint v operation charges mus' faced. There are 300 residen the project now, procee^ torney general, and at pr man faced, not only charge against his land, liability for the full amoj cost of the entire irrigatio half the area wras unsettled, tiers must bear the bu themselves and for the half also, and the final might go to $100 per acre. -Naturally, the settlers woud stay With such a possibility ah °* tlnem. If tho government nothing, these settlers would le, ?llcLJit. province wrould iavc $5,400,000 P project o- *•* h_ which was qmvu iseless, .aid charges on whichg^auld toti ,*. 000,000 in the 33Wfirs~-m v ., the bonds were rerr^mab f J "Then we must consider ,r rates," said Mr. Brownlee «___* them so that they can L ai*r: by present and future settlem T province stands to lose the amouj of money it takes to carry the, la which is unsettled, for we >h remove the existing joint ■liaT_»lli1 for the capital charges, which no* stands igainst the settlers. Ten must "be So reasonable that rapid s tie ment will be encouraged and ali1 that colonization competition ca1 be met with the Ul S. schemes a with the C.P.R. scheme, whi^1 amortises the cost at 7 per cer1 over a 35-year period, ardp/^f1 gives Vater at $1.25 an a <?vdc gardless of the cost, -while t \ "i berta settler must pay wha? !• the water cost may be7' \a^ Small Holdings \W "The bill is built round the tw>- ory of 'home places,' with a maw- mum holding of 80, 90 or 100 acrcsji added Mr, Brownlee. "The reside f settler chooses his own home plac% and lists the balance of his lands for sale at a price fixed by thil manager. The new settler comings in, selects the home place ' > del sires, and in bath^^jses, ^ mJ._Mj cation of the water^Hates There is no blanket relM, s must be no profiteerin_fVo: holdings." "Have you a manager in asked Hon. C. R. Mitchell, back in the house after days' illness. "We have several men in replied Mr. Brownlee, "but t not fixed on one definitely. 1 one man coming to Edmont. wTeek, with whom we hope t( a deal. We realise that the rr, of the projegfe means much success. He 'will have the t colonization manager." Financial Aid Dealing writh the questic financial aid to new settlers Brownlee stated that the bill vided that $400 might be loam buildings or material; ) $25( horses, and $200 for milch this loan to be repayable ii years. Half the cream checks > be paid direct to the govern from the proceeds from the i cows, he added. The water payments wouh made as easy as possible, being for the first three years, the. per^acre for three years, $3 an years, $4 an acre fc ]d $5 an acre fm^34 yc pnger the s(^|flHKtake: more the *jM Wp sts cmarked I\l^^^^nvnlee scheme i^BHMU^s.ion of ; vage prlmarilyJH ( *l the VY ince is concern- Mr. Brownle^B I fjourned debate, ^hich ^ ^^ ^d 4oday fOt_|||l£ ^ ^ _______ ___£n 4 W" W ■Psing 5 ^^IWe sche values __f___KLe which the project establish itself. In addition to the report of Dr. John Widtsoe, the U. S. expert on how to get the land occupied. - How irrigation, the government had had I 'ttt_d the government after an ex- to get the settlers. The aMwer to the help of Mr. Marnoch of1 >A Lfn_v^F_»_. MAJOR GORDON IS RETURNING TO CITY Major H. F. Gordon, superintendent of the Soldiers' Settlement board, will return to Edmonton about the middle of July, according to a wire from Ottawa in reply to Hon. George Hoadley's request that he might be available for help in locating prospective farm immigrants. His stay in the east has been extended until that time on sick leave, but it is the intention of the board at Ottawa that he shalt then resume his duties in Edmonton. a***^^.* * *T A***t& A $&*#*? EDMONTON JOURNAL, Tuesday, April 3, 1973 U :-a V ' W&^/$f wh L a1- r / ' .1 ^^>/U aXAa ::i77ia:7i;"7:v:C7P:|: Xa at •u X-*. :■-<_ ^5 l*> O C /At :&7 ^7% ■,.-., i ) 1 , "-r- 40n that day, in 1947, I died as a human being' ■::"'. i " A heroin addict tells his story ^ Wesley Alex, a drug addict, delivered afttnanu- script to The Journal ou March 21. Iii 28 plages of shaky handwriting it tells of his life with hermn and how he took up the habit. Three days later he was found dead in his 98th Street apartment* Police suspect a drug overdose. He was 47. This is an excerpt from the manuscript. I was first introduced to drugs in 1946, a year that will always be remembered simply because it started me on. a trip through hell. I had enjoyed a happy childhood and a good Christian upbringing. As a teen-ager I was a happy-go-lucky kid, and after finishing my tenth grade I dropped out because the Second World War was on and there was lots of work to be bad at what we believed were good wages. We had just been through a horrible depression (the hungry Thirties) when people labored for a few cents a day to keep their family clothed, fed and sheltered. When I started packing a lunch bucket we were getting $1 an hour . for an eight-hour day. This was a '.wonderful dream come true. My father would never have thought that a man would receive such fantastic wrages for a day of labor. tlculous worker who took pride in giving my employer a good day's work for what I considered a good wage. The training I received as a child was of great help to me. I was a polite unselfish person and as a result I got along well with people in all walks of life. Many "armchair psychologists" claim that much of a person's trouble results from an unhappy childhood. Perhaps this is true in many cases, but it wasn't true in my case. There were two other boys and one girl who received the same training and were subject to the same home environment as myself and all of them are law abiding, respectable citizens, a credit to any society. It wasn't what I experienced in the home but rather what I experienced after leaving home, that decided my future. I started working in Edmonton at the age of 15 and for six years worked at a number of occupations. First it was the Capital City Box Co., then Canada Packers meat packing plant, Provincial Hatcheries, Pilkington Paint and Glass — this was all here in Edmonton. At the age of 17 I went to Vancouver and started working at North Van Ship Repairs. My father and mother and family had been living at 208 West Second Street, North Vancouver. I arrived about six months after Dad moved the family to Edmonton where he owned a grocery store. Once again the whole family were reunited and the world seemed like my big bowl of cherries. My two brothers were working on the coastal steamers and my sister was looking after the home. My mother was a very sick and delicate woman and had been ever since my very early childhood. My sister was the oldest in the family and as a result the chore of raising three healthy young boys was her responsibility. Playing the rough guy role I did rather well working at North Van Ship repairs as a riveter for $1.50 an hour. The war was on, hot and heavy then, and as a result I was receiving a lot of overtime, at time and a half, and if I worked on Saturday and Sunday I received double time. The Nazi U Boats seemed very adept at sinking Canadian Freighters so the employees of North Van Ship were really bringing home the "bacon."'Of course I was a young, healthy, good looking kid so a lot of my "bank-roll" used to go on young pretty "chicks." I always kept a little black book full of girls' addresses and phone numbers, so when I wasn't working I was dating, or so it seemed. However, after working at North Van Ship Repair* for a year and a half I quit to enlis? m the Armed Forces. AH the other young men were in the services uicf I felt like a "slacker" or " dra1-'.-lodger working here in Canada making'^big money" while other you were "spill ing their blood" fig:sting the Nazis. 1 went to Little Mountain Barracks, in Shaughncssy Heights, to volunteer my services. When I arrived it seemed as though half the "young bloods" in C an'ada were enlisting the same ti i e as me. 1 was assigned to a. Jbarracjb that was packed With young men in Ci waiting to complete edical and become one of Cana i in our armed It took two d: ■ie our medicals and a; lays to find whether you we sicallv and mentally sound e fined to barracks and were eating army grub in the mess hall. I can remember that all of us young men were extremely happy. We visualized the adventures in Paris, France, London, England, etc. None of us ever mentioned death, as a matter of fact we weren't thinking of the harrows of war, just of the excitement and adventure. The big day finally came when we were to go in front of the "brass" and receive the happy mews of us being accepted in this man's army. Quite a few of the boys were called in before me and a few minutes later they would return smiling and "full of hell." I was getting restless, but finally my turn came. I was so anxious to get the good news that I tripped over my own feet, landing face down in the dust. Sheepishly, I picked myself up and with a silly, stupid grin on my face I went in to face the "brass." After a smart salute from the draftee, the officer looked me squarely in the eye and without a show of emotion told me that I had failed to pass my physical examination. I stood there dumbfounded. Just a few months over eighteen years old, almost six feet tall and weighing 180 lbs., I had failed to pass a "lousy medical." The officer, realizing the effect it had on me, stood up, came around the desk and shook ray hand. He explained that I had failing arches, or to be blunt "flat feet;- hut admitted that this alone woulcff not have caused my rejection. f_.ere was another physical ailment that caused the rejection. Then he said something about pulmonary trouble but to me it meant nothing and he refused to go into detail. I didn't walk, but rather stumbled out of the office in a daze. Many of the young men I had become friendly with were yelling at me asking me what I felt like being a soldier. I was staring straight ahead, refusing to talk to anyone, and half running to the gate of the army camp. I produced the papers to the sergeant on duty at the guard house. He nodded fnd the gates were thrown open. I walked back into eiwie life, disappointed, disillusioned and ashamed. For years after, some ignorant people were referring to me as a draft-dodger, slacker, zombie, coward and worse. It hurt, but outwardly I tried not to show it. I had a rejection button I kept hidden at home, I was so ashamed of it. After I failed to make the service I got employment with the Union Steam Ship Lines, on the Lady Car- dera an "old tramp steamer," that plied her trade between Vancouver and Prince Rupert. Incidentally, if anyone is interested in the rejection button I received from the army, they can find it just off Point Atkinson, in Howe Sound, at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. One of my first duties as a seaman on the Lady Cardena" was to wait till w£ passed under the Lions Gate Bridge and then standing near the rail on the aft-deck I fired that symbol of shame, my army rejection button, into the raging sea. I worked on the Lady Cardena for over.a year and then tl\e shipping master assigned me to the plea- Most of the seamen were heavy drinkers and inveterate liars and I got to the point where I could drink and lie with the best of them, A very scared young man In the early part of 1946 I was drinking heavily and I had. packed in ihy job with the Union Steam Ship Lines. I suppose I was an angry young man playing the rough guy role. I soon .started travelling with some pretty fast company and eventually one of the boys, an "old Salt" I'd sailed with a year or -so before introduced me to a "street walker' (prostitute) wyhom everyone referred to as "Jo Jo." I, I suppose she enjoyed having me around so she invited me to "shack- up" with her. At first I was going to refuse, but I felt that I could get off the booze and back to work if I stayed with Jo Jo for a while. She was a very kind person, in spite of her chosen profession and it bothered her to see me so sick on "booze." I couldn't eat or sleep. She hid the fact that she was a drug addict from me for over a month, but I finally walked in and caught her "fixing." I don't know why, but I Was enraged. I slapped Jo Jo in the mouth and then hit her with a doubled fist in the eye. The poor woman started crying and I really felt ashamed of what I haa done. That is the first and one oft'aB few times I ever hit a woman and I apologized profusely to poor Jo J47 To my great surprise she readily f .rgave me and then she started teling me about her life. It was suc.ij a "heart-wringing" tale that I Ci /d easily see why Jo Jo was trying to .aide from reality. ••■ llov v <k\ I never realized at the time 7. , I was trying the same thing, om.i^i was using "booze." I was so si :k one day that I was ready to try anything that might ease the misery, Jo Jo suggested I take a small _.. 4 of heroin and it would help m_ get over the booze hangover. So I thought, what the hell, nothing could be any worte than this. So took a small'skin pop, possibly one third of a cap. When I got the full effect of the heroin the feeling of e f.phoria was overwhelming. I felt like I was in a seventh heaven. After :iat I would take periodic pops. ih ahing serious -~-1 thought. One lay, I decided I wasn't going to take rtpany more. After "a while my eyes were watering, my ipse was running fid 1 was getting" muscle spasms." .tlhought 1 had theiflu but Jo Jo «.i\lme the grim, word, I was "hooked Wn the vernacular' of the drug audit "I had a monkdjjron my (ever did try and "kick" tabit because I had a g°od MPPly, "Jo Jo/5 Afffef stay- ier about four ninths, I Ji. was, it was ajvoung 'Chinese Allow not much oper than myself. He iras looking for "new blood" and the "horsemen" (RCMP) or the City Narcos were not wise to me yet. When I approached the young fellow in a C^ina Town dive I put it right on the^ine. I told him I was broke but if |e put up the "front money" he woifjld never regret it. He had seen n.e with Jo Jo and we had talked to each other before. However, we were just mere acquaintances. Besides Jo Jo, he had five more pushers working for him. I was young, husky, and not known, so he thought iV&'S a good risk for he cuffed me for fifty caps. About two hours later I had dropped them all and was phoning the connection to make a meet with me. An hour later we met in a place in "China Town" and 1 gave him $150! It was selling for five bucks a cap so I owed him all the money on the first bundle. He gave me 50 more caps and called it square, for what"! would owe him on this one. At that time the connection would get $3 en a cap and the pusher would get a deuce. Soon I was pushing 100 caps a day, $3 for the connection and $2 for myself. This kept me in score dough and left me a few dollars for expenses. I thought at the time I was a "High-Roller" but later I was to find a "two bit punk." With every cap of dope 1 sold I was selling my self-respect, pride, trust and just about everything else a person holds dear in life. By now the "horsemen" and City Nareo s^uad were "hip" to me. I knew it was only a matter of time before they nailed me. Ironically enough my first criminal conviction wasn't for drugs but rather for possession of stolen goods. My door had been kicked in a few times by the horsemen but they found nothing. When they saw me swallow they'd jumped on me, knock me down, choke me, kick me in the stomach a few times and when they came up with nothing they had no alternative but to leave. The day I was busted was similar to the other times, only this time it was four two hundred pounders from the City Nareo squad. I always had the drugs tied loosely in a finger stall and close at hand. When the door came in I would grab the drugs and swallow them. So simple a procedure that I was becoming very adept at it. The City Nareo squad saw me make the play so they tried to make me throw up the bundle. They converged on me like a runaway locomotive, knocked me down, and started kicking me In the stomach while.one of them was choking me. Tii. ul me till- I almost; t blacked out, but to no avail. Once; more I felt I had out-smarted them. Si However, on searching my room I; they found a watch and a pair of W "hot" binoculars a user had given! me to hold till he paid me for a I bundle of dope. I was charged with possession of! stolen goods and lodged in the local? "Lock-up." I copped a fast plea andl the court sentenced me to one year hard labor at Okalla Prison Farm. The reports the magistrate had on me must have been bad or 1 wouldn't have gotten so heavy a sentence on my first criminal conviction. Bringing home the 4baeon5 When I first went to prison I WaS a very scared, confused young man/ I had heard of the types of men who were incarcerated and I sure didn't relish spending a year in their company. However, I should have won an Oscar for my acting ability, for I put on a tough guy act that even fooled the other inmates. I wasn't a bad looking young man so I had to contend with the homosexual. When I was confronted by these sexual deviates, I'd let my fists do the talking. In a few short words, I beat them to a bloody pulp. I ah hored violence, but in situations such as this I had no other alternative. Pretty soon they got the message and looked elsewmere when they wanted a kid. The mental anguish and torment I suffered because of my feelings of remorse in that first year in prison were almost unbearable. Many nights I cried myself to sleep, but 1 did it silently, for I couldn't display my true emotions to my fellow inmates or the prison guards. To them I was a hardroek and every day I went out to prove it. I was given corporal punishment on five occasions, lost all my "copper" (time off for gooi behavion and spent a few weeks in the black hole (isolation cell) on bread and water. Every time junk (heroin) would be smuggled into the prison, I always managed to get fixed. Besides heroin I was scoring goofballs from certain "pack horses" for a couple of dollars cash. Every time I could hide from reality through goofballs or horse (heroin). I would gladly do it. Many drugs I was not "hep" to, were introduced to me in prison. 1 used "Speed" but the drug I was really enslaved to was "King Heroin." Dad had written to me while 1 was-.doing that-year and told me mother was in hospital. He assured me that she had the best of medical attention but I was still scared. My mother was a very delicate person. I felt I would never see her alive again. If mother died, I felt that my conduct was partially responsible; for how distasteful it was, to see one of her boys in prison. I hated to ask tlie wrarden for a favor but I felt I must if I ever hoped to see my mother alive again, and try to apologize to her for the shame I brought on the family name. I put in an urgent request to the warden, but he never even had the common courtesy to acknowledge it. A week later I was returning to prison with the work detail when one of the better guards called me out of the line. By the expression on his face I sensed he was the bearer of bad news. However, I never really expected the news was as horrible as it turned out to be. Trying to be as nice as he could, the guard told me my mother had just passed away. I stood rooted to the spot. I couldn't move for a while, but with a supreme effort of will, I slowly walked into the prison and up to the small cell I had been residing in for almost 10 months. On that day in 1947, I died as a human being. Only after 25 years of hell have I decided to live as any decent person should. It's elementary, my dear Watson' By Russell Baker New York Times Service Holmes and I were seated in our Baker Street rooms in a blue funk, he swabbing his dottle with cocaine whilst 1 watched Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce playing Holmes and myself on the telly. Imagine my annoyance when, out of the fog at the top of the stairs, there came a sharp, impatient, but well-bred, rap at out door and Holmes said, "that will be a slightly desperate business executive from Detroit with a wallet containing six different European currencies. Let the gentlemen in, Watson. I think he needs our help." "Holmes, you are wrong this time," I said, more out of pique than good judgment, for though I knew too well that he was always right, watching Rathbone-Holm.es constantly making a fool out of Bruee- me on the telly, had left me embittered over the years and 1 longed to see Holmes humbled. It was intentionally irritating, therefore, to open the door and find an expensively dressed man who said, "I am a slightly desperate business executive from Detroit." "You have the author on your side, Holmes," I said. "It's not fair." "You see," said Holmes, "a few moments before his knock I had smelled an intensification of the automobile exhaust pollutants beneath my window. That meant a big car made in Detroit where they are unable, as you know, Watson, to meet government limits on pollution emissions. Who could bear the expense of driving one of these cars, with its monstrous gasoline consumption, in London where the price of gasoline gives pause even to millionaires? Only a man who did not have to pay for the gasoline himself, Watson. Someone who, by driving his own company's' car on a business trip, could charge the entire cost off to the American taxpayer as a business expense. All this could only add up to a Detroit business executive." "But why 'slightly desperate,5 Holmes?" "AH Americans in Europe nowa- are slightly desperate, old man," said'Holmes.. "Why?" I asked. "Because they never know when the dollar will fail again, leaving them unable to buy dinner. That's why they carry six different Euro* pean currencies." "Rot, Holmes,'* I snorted. "Absolute childish rot! Even Rathbone would never try to pass off a deduction as unpersuasive as that." "I must have your help, Mr. Holmes," said the American, staggering into our rooms and collapsing into a study In scarlet. "I know," said Holmes. "I have been expecting you." "Nonsense, Holmes," I protested. "You're faking it." "Not.at all, Watson, Our friend here has a dreadful problem. The auto companies he represents in Detroit are*unable to solve the problem of reducing pollutant emissions to their government's satisfaction. It has all been in the papers. Something vital is missing in Detroit." "Exactly, Mr. Holmes!" cried the American. "Yes," said Holmes. "You no longer have the good old American know-how." "Mr. Holmes," the American sobbed, "that good old American know-how was what got lindy across the Atlantic first. It beat Hitler and the Axis. It was what made the atom bomb, and chemical clothing and movie popcorn machines. And now we don't know where it is." "It's right there," said Holmes, pointing to the telly. "But that's just an old Sherlock Holmes flick," the American said. "Not the -shaw,". said Holmes. "The machine. Observe that it is a Sony. Made in Japan. Where they still make nonchemical clothing. Where they can make cars that meet your own government's emissions specifications. What do you conclude from that?" "Good Lord, Holmes!" I exclaimed. "The Japanese! The Japanese have got the good old American know-how!" "Exactly, Watson," said Holmes. If I could afford my own rooms I would move out. —- EDMONTON JOURNAL, Tuesday, April 3, 1973 i News digest w New violence in S. Africa RICHARDS BAY, South Africa — Police threw tear gas and charged with clubs here Monday to disperse striking African construction workers whose labor dispute brought fresh industrial unrest to this northern Natal port. Some 250 men working on a new harbor centre came out on strike for higher wages as Zulu strikers began drifting back to work at the giant Alusaf Aluminium smelter here after a week's stoppage. A number of Zulu workers, who went on strike eight days ago demanding a big increase to one rand about $1.42 an hour, were at the smelter Monday being re-engaged. Lieut. Galley appeals case WASHINGTON — Army Lieut. William Calley appealed Monday his conviction in the My Lai massacre to the United States Court of Miltary Appeals. Oaley now is restricted to hits quarters at Fort Bentning, Ga. In a 1971 court martial at Fort BeiHimg, Ga., he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the premeditated murder of "not less than 22 Vietnamese" and assault with intent to murder a Vietnamese child. On Aug. 20, 1971, the commander of the U.S. 3rd Army reduced the sentence to 20 years at hard labor, a penalty upheld Feb. 16. President Nixon has said he will make a final review of the case. UN rules apartheid a crime GENEVA — The United Nations1 Human Rights Commission adopted Monday a draft convention making apartheid a crime against international law. The convention, adopted by 21 votes to two with five absentions, was forwarded by the commission to the UN Economic and Social Council to be put before the next General Assembly in New York for ratification. Britain and the United States voted against the convention because legal machinery is lacking to enforce it in most countries. Heath opposes death penalty LONDON — Prime Minister Edward Heath says his government will not support moves in Parliament to bring back hanging for murderers. About 100 MPs in Heath's Conservative party seek restoration of the death penalty, but need government support to get a bill passed. Capital punishment was abolished in Britain in 1965, except for acts of treason. Press shield law in Oregon SALEM, Ore. — The Oregon legislature has passed an unqualified shield bill to prevent newsmen from being forced to disclose their confidential news sources. Gov. Tom McCall, whose legal staff wrote it, will sign the bill, and it will become law 90 days after the legislature adjourns. The House passed the bill 49-11 Monday. The Senate approved it 22-7 two weeks ago. McCall said that by passing the bill, "Oregon has uttered a decisive rebuke to those who would subvert the American press into becoming a servile vassal of government." Barrett drops Bennett suit VANCOUVER — Premier Dave Barrett has dropped his libel and slander suit against Social Credit leader W. A. C Bennett, it was announced Monday. "The other party asked us to drop the action and we have agreed to the request," said lawyer Andy Carmichael of Vancouver, who is acting for Mr. Barrett. The premier took the action before thie) Aug. 30, 1972 provincial election for remarks attributed to|Mr. Bennett, who was then premier, linking Mr. Barrett with a violent demonstration against the cabinet. Death VICTORIA — Funeral services will be held here Wednesday for Tom Taylor, former columnist and associate editor for the Victoria Colonist, who died Saturday following a lengthy illness. City pilot among six invested into order CALGARY (CP) - Six veteran aviators, all instrumental in the development of flight in Canada, were invested Saturday into the Order of Icarus. The order was founded as a centennial project in 1967 to give recognition to flight pioneers. Among the six were Jack and Molly Reilly of Calgary. Mrs. Reilly is the first woman to be accepted into the order. She has flown for 27 years and was the first woman pilot in Canada to hold an air, transport licence and class one instrument rating. Mrs. Reilly now pilots an executive aircraft for a utility company. Mr. Reilly, who has logged more than 20,000 hours in 70 different types of aircraft since starting with the Edmonton Flying Club in 1937, has not had a fatality in an operation under his command. He has developed new techniques for high altitude photography and while flying in the North he made the trial landings at six sites he located for new airports. Also invested were Jack Moar of Edmonton, Don Watson and Mel Knox of Vancouver and Bernt Balchen, who now lives in the eastern United States. .Mr. Watson was co-founder of the Saskatchewan air ambulance service and Mr. Knox pioneered commercial a i r routes to the Orient via the Aleutian Islands and was a developer of the inertial navigation system used in Apollo 8 spacecraft. Mr. Balchen formed the Polar path grid system used in n a v i g a ti n g across the North Pole and Mr. Moar, in tlie 1920s, took on forestry patrols, aerial mapping and establishment of air stations. Calgary backs Edmonton in joint appeal CALGARY (CP) - City council agreed Monday to make a joint presentation with Edmonton! to the provincial government asking for a delay of three years for plans to take over ownership of all public housing units in the province. Aid. Barbara Scott, chairman of the Calgary public housing commission, told council the brief will also ask the province to recognize that the cities have the "facilities, resources and expertise that rural areas do not, which would mean a two-policy system for public housing." Edmonton council has already approved the brief. Bulletin board The United Nations Association, Edmonton branch, has made the following appointments to its new committees: Sam Yakimishyn, cross-cultural studies committee; Barry Kroening, citizenship committee; Dr. Douglas Sheppard, general chairman for seminars; Lemuel Burke, immigration committee; and Robert Gillespie, legal consultant. The Holy Cross School, 15120 104th Ave., will hold a festival or arts and sciences Sunday from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. The Bartonian Metaphysical Society will host an open house at 8 p.m. Thursday in the assembly room of t h e Jubilee Auditorium. There will be a public lecture on: Personality and Psyche Development by Scott Rice. Vacancies are available in tbe adult recreational shooting course at the Ortona Armory drill hall, 9722102nd St. on Thursdays from 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. A play program will be provided for mothers who wish to take the course. Drapes, cushions and pillows perfect for the home or cottage...sale priced!! SELF LINED DRAPES Brighten up your home with these self lined drapes in two outstanding prints. The acrylic backing insulates against heat and cold. Washable. ACRYLIC DRAPES These 100% acrylic, easy to care for drapes come in two patterns and exciting colors. Check your home or summer cottage for drapes now and save. 72"x54" ^ 1 QQ SALE Pair £ | .OO 96"x54" <^Q QQ SALE Pair „Cy.OO SALE Pair 44.88 48"x84" ^ q 0O SALE Pair | Q.QO 72"x84" OO OO SALE Pair £Q.OO 96"x84" JLQ QQ SALE Pair |o,QO 144"x84" |a qq SALE Pair 5f5_f .OO SALE Pair 1 8.88 96"x54" Ar qq SALE Pair ZO.OO 144"x54" OQ QQ SALE Pair JO.OO 48"x84" „, - 00 SALE Pair | D.OO SALE Pair 25.88 96"x84" QQ QQ SALE Pair OO.OO SALE Pair 49.88 FLOOR CUSHIONS Urge floor cushions at outstanding prices! Ideal for those people who enjoy sitting on the floor. Foam chip filled with sturdy colorful cotton duck cover. (Illustration A) ^ _r_,_T_. SALE Each 3.99 LOUNGE PILLOWS Ideal as floor cushions or extra pillows in your home or summer cottage. Attractively covered with decorative fabrics and filled with foam chips, (illustration B) SALE Each 1.77 FOAM MATT.RESS&IOPPERS Jfr ' Add extra comfort to yAur mattress as w9 as extra 'protect/on, with these poly- foam mattress toppers. Available in twin and double bed size. Size 1"x38"x72" SALE Each ..... 5.44 Size 1"x53"x72" SALE Each 7.66 FOAM MATTRESSEjg Comfortable twin bed size polyfoam mattress art a low. low price. Six ^nch thickness!*, makes this ideal for all kinds of beds in the home or cottage. 6"x39"x72" +_ _m _\ _\ SALE Each *d4.44 WOODWARD'S DRAPERIES Kitchen aids with savings for you! V pllll a 1111 _tJ i^J: ^ KJ9 *3£s' STAINLESS STEEL COOKWARE SET 9 piece Tri-ply stainless steel set with genuine porcelain color finish. 1. 2 and 3 quart covered saucepans, 5 quart Dutch oven with cover and 10" open skillet. SALE Set ... ELECTRIC PERCOLATOR Colored aluminum percolator that brews 5-9 cups of delicious coffee automatically and keeps it hot. Choose from avocado, poppy or harvest. ALUMINUM PARTY PERC Great for parties and large gatherings. Brews from 12 - 36 cups of coffee and keeps it hot. Choice of decorative colors. "PRESTO" PRESSURE COOKER Large 5 quart capacity aluminum pressure cooker for the best in tasty nutritious meals. Complete with instruction book. 39.88 SALE Each 14.88 SALE Each 19.88 SALE Each 16.77 WEST BEND TEA KETTLE Colored porcelain on aluminum to provide fast heating. Trigger in handle opens spout for easy pouring and filling. Approximately 2 quart capacity. ELECTRIC HOT CUP 6 cup capacity hot cup with adjustable thermostat ideal for heating soups, stews, water, etc. Choice of decorator colors. 3 CUP PERC 3 cup capacity automatic electric percolator. Ideal for the travelling business man or holiday goers. Use your Woodward's Charge Card to buy your needs now! If you don't already have an account, visit or phone any Woodward's Credit Office and arrange a plan to suit you. SALE Each 5.88 SALE Each 8.99 SALE Each 8.99 WOODWARD'S HOUSEWARES SELLING; WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND SATURDAY WHILE QUANTITIES LAST. HOURS: MONDAY, TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY 9:30 A.M. TO 5:30 P.M. THURSDAY AND FRIDAY 9:30 A.M. TO 9:00 P.M. DIAL: DOWNTOWN 424-0151; WESfMOUNT 455-3131; NORTHGATE 476-3311; SOUTHGATE 435-0511 EDMONTON JOURNAL, Tuesday, April 3, 1973 fcpp a-a aaavaaa;:.:; a f ■;■;:•>■ a.: '.. : ■ • ' ■•."r" ' • , I II Fi mm _tfB_ktft_i___fl_iilm jy i anniiv p ISHP 1111 CHILDREN'S SHOES In all over leather; krinkle or suede and leather combination with unit soles and heels. SALE Pair 699 SALE Pair ... MEN'S CASUALS Full crepe soles and heels, with leather uppers. MEN'S BOATING STYLE RUNNERS Viny*{ suede uppers, leather insoles, padded leather' SALE tongue and yachting soles. Pair . W ■ ' ' v • h$5K_ ■ | fill % 7 '.Wm-. m ■• .a '^^ip>._is "^__®f s__l I | 1 j l|§j| •^ r pi 1 1 jp-pg^ •■';' p" H ^B J vV "w W- ■ LADIES' DRESS SHOES (Similar to illustration) Black and white sling back or black and white pumps with urethane uppers. TI.99 9.99 POPULAR TEEN SHOES In either 4 eye tie or loafer styles. Ideal with pants. Choose from black or brown. SALE Pair 9.99 SALE Pair 9.99 WOODWARD'S MEN'S. LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S SHOES w'::;-:ppaP- a:.:>• :,7.7;a7777P:7P'77:: ': ^^^^^^^^^^X> '^MMM^^^^MW- li 111 : fllMpOT^ AiVD SATi.rfDAY mc 7m W77Mm77Am777 ■ aap-;Paa .' a'ap Pa ■:; paaa::a: .:•■.,. 7777'77p777Pa Pa P ' aisaa .aa : •:■■■ EDMONTON JOURNAL, Tuesday, April 3, 1973 Corporate giant would cut drug costs—at a profit By PETER CALAMAI Southam News Services '0TTAWA — Can a corporate giant help cut Canada's spiralling health care costs while still tucking away healthy annual profits? . The Canada Development Corporation is about to find out. In less than a year the government-owned corporation has spent more than $30 million assembling the key elements of a projected $100 million health care empire. The corporation's planners foresee the time when this Canadian-owned health care company will join battle with the multinational giants, en tering into joint marketing schemes at home and abroad. Its products could range from a vaccine against venereal disease to wheelchairs designed for Canadian weather conditions. More efficient delivery of medical care through improved facilities and organization will be a prime focus. But the CDC's immediate priority is to get fast results from the disparate pieces of the health care empire so far acquired: Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, of insulin fame, In Toronto three Quebec c o m p a n I e s in the pharmaceutical and medical supplies field and two Edmonton chemical firms. (The city firms are Rayo Chemicals Limited and R & L Molecular Research Ltd., both located at 8045 Argyll Road. The two firms were founded by University of A- berta chemist Dr. Ray Le- mieux and his brother Leo.) , H. A. "Tony" Hampson, lean, 43-year-old chairman of the Canada Development Corporation, charts the progress in three stages: first, build on Connaught's basic strength as a leader in the field of vaccines and sera; secondly, break into the profitable market of top-selling prescription drugs by churning out high quality copies of other companies' discoveries and lastly, start designing and marketing News analysis medical and hospital supplies that are a marked improvement over existina products. All this and sti| satisfy the CDC's criteria of a 15 per cent annual retur| on investment . . . after taxes "We have an opportunity to create a major; i Canadian- owned corpora!!on which should bring competitive pres- s u r e on the multinational companies to rationalize their Canadian operations; we'll be playing a part in cutting the relative cost of health care In Canada—a social purpose as a plus to the monetary return," says Hampson. Such social resolve acts as a red flag to some of the foreign- owned multi-national pharmaceutical companies which control most of the Canadian market; when the CDC was dickering for control of one of the three Quebec firms, a foreign company offered to tack 25 per cent on top of the corporation's price. Tony Hampson now figures the corporation has an "emotional edge" with the men who own the few remaining Canadian enterprises. More importantly, he believes cries of nationalism at home and other pressures abroad will force some major tactical realignments by the multina* tional firms. While the cut-throat world of business competition is intriguing, such manoeuvres don't do much to solve the problem in Canada where—as Hampson and many others have noted — too much is spent on disease cure and too little on promotion of good health. The CDC hopes to redress that imbalance. "We see ourselves trying to work into what the scientists call immunochemistry which holds a good deal of promise for many things—even in theory, combatting old age." On the road to drugs which reinforce the body's own natu ral immune defence systems, the corporation is asking Con- naught's researchers to switch their emphasis to new products which meet today's needs: a vaccine against venereal disease; immunization against hepatitis. Tlie three Quebec firms, 70 per cent controlled by CDC for $5 million payment, have been grouped into a holding company, called Omnimedic and will be moving into the lucrative field of generic drugs, the chemical carbon copies of formula discovered by other companies. Hampson admits that the major part of the CDC efforts will be directed towards copying Ither drugs—he calls it "emulating" — but argues that the corporation can best innovate by devising low-cost marketing strategies for its "brand-name" generic products. "There are many innova^ tions that aren't the result of thousands of scientists in. white coats looking at multi- million dollar instruments but simply some guy saying there's a need there and how can I solve it," said the CDC chairman. "I'm sure that a hell of a lot of scientific effort in the world is wasted because no one has managed to keep the scientists oriented to the needs and wants of the public." Senator Nichol resigns VANCOUVER (Cl.) — Senator John Nichol of Vancouver, former president of the Liberal Federation of Canada, announced Monday, he will resign from the Senate effective April 19. Senator Mchols 49, has been a member of the upper house since 1966, and was Liberal party president from 1964 until 1968, when he served as the party's national campaign chairman for the federal election that year. He announced his resignation in a letter to Prime Minister Trudeau, stressing that his decision to quit the Senate was for personal reasons. Senator Nichol said in a statement he sees "other challenges in sight." And he noted that in writing the British North America Act, the fathers of Confederation obviously thought "some senators might prefer to serve for a time and the move on, leaving room for new faces." He told the prime minister: "My loyalties to the party, to the memory of Mr. Lester Pearson, your colleagues in caucus and government and yourself as leader and friend run deep. I reiterate them strongly here." The senator said he will be busy as chairman of the Pearson College of the Pacific, named in memory of Mr. Trudeau's late Liberal predecessor. Construction on the college near Victoria is expected to start soon. "We must all decide the ways in which we can best work out our responsibilities in this life and I have concluded mine can best be met outside this particular institution (the Senate)." Senator Nichol said he also plans to do more writing. He has been writing a syndicated newspaper column on politics for three years. New regents plan for Sask. V i SASKATOON (CP) - The University of Saskatchewan is to have a new 12-member board of regents which will control all major decisions affecting the university, while the Saskatoon and Regina campuses will each have complete autonomy. Jack McFaull, chairman of the university's board of governors, and Saskatoon campus principal Dr. R. W. Begg confirmed published reports •the changes are among •amendments proposed to the • University Act. ' Education Minister Gordon •MacMurchy said the government is committed to introducing the amendments during the current legislature * session. • Mr. McFaull said it was the first time changes to Saskatchewan's University Act had 1_een proposed without consultation with the university. * He said professors maybe forced to form a union if the provincial government takes control of the university. .-■-■. a^aaaaa:-'- v.; itiita Cool reception Anthony Keene of Orillia, Ont., stands on a to a cottage property near Eight-Mile Point on huge pile of ice pushed by high winds Monday on Lake Simcoe. Canucks' Walters cleared VANCOUVER (CP)- Lyman Walters, vice-president of the firm that owns Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League, was acquitted Monday on a charge of issuing a false prospectus in the fall of 1970 with the intent to induce the public to buy shares iif N orthwest Sports Enterprises Ltd. The British Columbia Supreme Court jury returned the verdict after being told by Mr. Justice Harry McKay there was no evidence on which they could reasonably bring in a finding of guilty. The judge directed tlie jury to acquit Walters, vice-president of Medical Investment Corp. (Medieor) of Minneapolis and its Northwest Sports subsidiary, following a motion by defence counsel Allan McEachem. Walters, wearing a blue blazer with a Canucks' badge on the lapel, shook hands with all three defence lawyers and kissed a young woman assisting in his case. The trial of Tom Scallen, president of both Medieor and Northwest aiid who was charged jointly with Walters, continues today. Scallen also is charged with theft of $3 million by converting money belonging to Northwest Sports to the use of Medicor. In earlier Testimony Monday, industrialist /Frank Mc- Mahon said the chance of the team becoming a financial success when it entered the NHL for the 1970-71 season was about as good as that of a mule winning the Kentucky Derby. Mr. McMaho n who has owned one derbv winner, said he took no active part in the affairs of Northwest Sports in 1970, although he was on the board of directors. He said he had no knowledge of a transaction in which the prosecution alleges the $3 million was converted for Medieor's use and did not authorize the transaction in any way. Mr. McMahon, a Vancouver millionaire, said he attended no directors' meetings in 1970, although he was active in the company before then. He also said he did not par ticipate in negotiations leading to an offering of I^orth* west Sports shares to the public in late 1970 and had nothing to do with the preparation of a prospectus for the share offering. Mr. McMahon said he had no knowledge of the contents of the prospectus and did not sign it, having given power of attorney to Scallen omthe advice of Northwest le^al adviser Oscar Lundell. 1 He first learned of the $3- million transaction in April or May of 1971. He told Crown prosecutor Ray Paris he stayed on as a director despite taking no interest in the company's affairs because "it was thought by several of the people interested in bringing hockey to Vancouver that myself and Max Bell might add some substance to the company if we stayed on." The Crown concluded its case with the reading of test.-. mony from a preliminary hearing into the charges by Coleman E. Hall, another Northwest Sports director. Barrett seeks pipeline talks VICTORIA (CP) — Premier Dave Barrett sent a telegram Monday to Prime Minister Trudeau requesting a meeting with Energy Minister Donald Macdonald to discuss the latest court developments in the trans-Alaska oil pipeline issue. The premier sent the telegram after learning of the United States Supreme Court decision to uphold a lower- court ruling against construction of the pipeline. Mr. Barrett said the U.S. court decision against the pipeline is "a great opportunity for B.C. and Canada" to make it clear to the United States government that the B.C. government's proposal to ship oil by rail out of Alaska and then by pipeline to U.S. markets is a reasonable alternative. The premier went to Washington several weeks ago to present this proposal to the Americans. In the telegram to-Air. Trudeau, Mr. Barrett said the B.C. rail proposal is "now more relevant than . at any other time." BELLEVUE, Wash. |AP) - The president of Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. expressed hope Monday^hat the Supreme Court decision unfavorable to the trans-Alaska pipeline can be skirted by Congress at an early date. Alyeska president Edward L. Patten commented after a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that let stand a lower court decision blocking construction of the controversial 789-mile crude oil line. "The Supreme Court action," he said, "makes it necessary for the Congress to amend the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 to clearly estab lish the authority of the secretary of interior to permit use of land outside of the permanent 54-foot right-of-Way for construction and other purposes." Patton hoped the obstacles to construction will be removed in time for work on the line to begin at an "early date." Meanwhile in Juneau, Alaska Gov. William Egan said President Nixon should, if he has the power, order construction of the trans- Alaska pipeline in a national emergency declaration. Egan, optimistic despite the U.S. 'Supreme Court's adverse ruling on the line, said, "if criteria ever existed to back a presidential declaration — with our energy crisis and tremendous problems with balance of payments — it does now." Sue Alberta? Ontario wouldn't think of it TORONTO (CP) -Ontario has not looked into the possibility of bringing legal action against Alberta because of that province's intention of raising the price of its natural gas exports, Justice Secretary George Kerr said Monday. He was responding to M question in the legislature from Liberal leader Robert Nixon who suggested that Al berta's proposed policy of charging one price in that province and a higher price to Ontario and others "may very well be unconstitutional." Vernon Singer (L—Toronto Downsview) suggested that it could be "against the provisions of the British North America Act if one province should by regulation discriminate against inter-provincial Drug-fed cattle imported—minister TORONTO (CP) - The United States beef boycott has led to herds of American cattle being imported into Canada, many raised on a hormone drug which is outlawed in this country, Ontario Agriculture Minister William Stewart said Monday. The drug—DES—has been banned in Canada. Mr. Stew* art said outside the house that some mice fed with the substance had developed cancer. Mr. Stewart also said the consumer beef boycott could be detrimental to the farmer and have the adverse effect of eventually boosting beef prices. He told the legislature that it was "unfortunate" and "co-incidental" that the federal government has not put an embargo on beef imports from the U.S. The minister said if the hormone "is not good enough for our farmers in Canada to produce the beef with . . . why is it acceptable for the Americans to ship beef in here that could be fed the drug?" Outside the legislature, Mr. Stewart explained that any meat boycott here would be a direct slap against the farmer and would discourage meat production. He said the boycott was "an open invitation" for Canadian and U.S. farmers to export their beef elsewhere. He noted that there were "no screams from the consumer when farmers were selling hogs at cost and going bankrupt." '_ With reference to the large numbers of U.S. cattle coming into Canada, Mr. Stewart said it wasn't possible to tell if it was because of the effects of the boycott or fears of what the boycott might do. Some of the cattle, he said, were produced at less cost in the U.S. because of the growth hormone DES. Packers back probe TORONTO (CP) - The Meat Packers Council of Canada, representing three-quarters of the country's meat- processing plants, Monday welcomed the review board proposed by a Commons Committee. H. K. Leckie, general manager of the council, said: "We have nothing to hide, and would have no objection to such a monitoring agency as long as it's independent and competent." The Retail Council of Canada, whose 500 members include all major food chains except A and P, takes the view that the proposed board would "on balance, probably not accomplish very much." Council President A. C. Abbott said in an interview that he has no objection to formation of such a board but "it doesn't sound like a tiger with many teeth." Add another kiAgtPitge. Addaitoihef/oiil. 1 l«Cll; Bnrfit- Special S. nmef Course/ EDMONTON—1001..»..03A AVE. — 429-5602 CALGARY—550, SIXTH AVE. S.W. — 265-3850 "TRANSLATION SERVICES^ French, German, Spanish, Italian, etc. ■ trade, and particularly direct that discrimination against another province." He urged that tlie matter be placed before the justice department's law officers for advice as to its constitutionality. Donald MacDonald NDP- Toronto York South) asked if Mr. Kerr believed that the obligation rests "with the pipeline companies or eastern Ontario public utilities to take action in the courts for breach of existing contracts by the Alberta government." Mr. Kerr replied if there are private agreements in existence with Alberta "certainly their recourse would be to the courts. "But again I don't want to give any definitive statement of what our policy would be while the study is going on and while negotiations are going on at ihe top level between the two provinces," he said. Mr. Singer asked if the study of the energy problem did not involve any reference to law experts for an opinion as to the constitutionality of Alberta's proposed gas hike. Mr. Kerr conceded that the possibility "could be very well part of the over-all consideration and study." Premier William Davis, who has, expressed concern over the gas hike, will be in Alberta today and is expected to hold informal discussions with Premier Peter Lougfheed in Edmonton before speaking to a dinner in Calgary tonight. "Advertisement" LQ.of 145 and Read Slowly? A noted publisher in Chicago reports there is a simple technique of rapid reading which should enable you to increase your reading speed and yet retain much more. Most people do not realize how much they could increase their pleasure, success and income by reading faster and more accurately. According to this publisher, many people, regardless of their present reading skill, can use this simple technique to improve their reading ability to a remarkable degree. Whether reading stories books, technical matter, it becomes possible to read sentences at a glance and entire pages in seconds with this method. To acquaint the readers of this newspaper with the easy-to-follow rules for developing rapid reading skill, the company has printed full details of its interesting self- training method in a new booklet, "How to Read Faster and Retain More," mailed free to anyone who requests it.'No obligation. Send your name, address and zip code to: Reading, 555 E. Lange St., Dept. 628-65, Mundelein, HI. 60060. A postcard will do. $50,000 plumbers predicted OTTAWA (CP) - Will it, in 1993, be plumbers and carpenters at $50,000 a year, school teachers at $60,000 and doctors at $200,000? It looks as though it will unless something is done to curb inflation in Canada's wage rates, Ross Whicher (L— Bruce) told the Commons finance committee Monday night. The government keeps saying it opposes wage and price controls, Mr. Whicher said in putting questions to Finance Minister John Turner. But this is what would happen to wages if they kept .rising at recent rates of seven to eight ner cent a year. It would * wages and s a 1 a r i e s ' ' the next 20 7 % the Cana dian who had worked hard to build up a $100,000 nest egg at retirement this year could expect to seelit worth $95,000 next year the way inflation has run recently. It would continue to be worth less and less under the "legalized robbery" committed by inflation. "What is the alternative to controls?" the Liberal backbencher asked Mr. Turner. Mr. Turner said the alternative is to curb inflation in other ways. In his Feb. 19 budget, he had reduced taxes at the personal, corporate and sales levels. This would increase take-home pay and purchasing power and, he hoped, show up in moderation of wage and salary increases sought by workers in coming months. The government objected to controls because they amounted to slapping "a Md on a boiling pot" in an effort to keep it from boiling over. The real solution was to take away some of the heat. He would use controls only with the greatest reluctance and only in a time of national emergency. Mr. Whicher said the recent budget would do little about the erosion of pensions or savings incomes accumulated by persons who retire five years ago. This is "a valid point," Mr. Turner said. But he assumed that some of those persons would be benefitting from higher interest rates that had accompanied inflation in recent years. Soon there will be thousands of students looking for summer work. They're eager and quick to learn. Grasping an idea quickly is really what being a student is all about. Students bring a fresh approach to their work, they're versatile and willing. There are over 200 special Canada Manpower Centres for students across the country where we can match the right student to the job you have to get done. Students are available now and they have proven their usefulness in a wide range of business operations. Hire a student this summer- its good business. |# Manner Centre de Main-d'oeuvre du Canada N WE COVER THE WORLD 74-76 CHURCH ST. TOROHTO CANADA Thursday, July _, 1923. 7m Toronto, "Ont., Catholic Register Tiqncf Hn tlOABJ J-W r„ Jo Settling the Hebrideans 'We Are Well Content," Say the Men from the Scottish Islands—Canada Is Going to Satisfy Forerunners of Thousands Likely to Follow (By A. de H. Smith, in Edmonton "Bulletin.") That the Hehrideans are 'being settled on Alberta lands suited to their needs,( and that they are thoroughly satisfied with the efforts expended on their hehalf must be patent to any disinterested observer, who has witnessed the (process. Much water has run under bridges and useless and ^misleading talk has been broadcasted since the islanders arrived, at Red Deer, bat. through the maze of conflicting statements there shines forth the solid facts that they are being rapidly settled and are satisfied with what is "being done for them. A Real Welcome. Never before did any newcomers to the Dominion receive such universal assistance as the islanders. These men know nothing of the difficulties and disappointments which heset the settlers in the north during the past seventeen years. Then hy applying at the land office, the would-be farmer received a miniature map of the north and blindly sset out to locate a farm in a thousand square miles of wilderness. He drove his oxen through the narrow twisting trails, or forced his pony through the bush, spying out land, and if he did succeed in locating a suitable quarter section it was hy his own effort only. Consider the Homesteader. Messieurs les Homesteaders, consider the 'Islanders! The first procedure is that certain salvaged lands owned by the Soldier Settlement Board are offered and advised by the officials. Next, Father R A. McDonell, Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the S.S.B., and D. E. Conroy, representing the Minister of the Interior, visit the farms and pass on their suitability. Then the islanders are taken to view their future homes; the ad vantages and disadvantages are explained to them at length, and if they are satisfied they are sold the farms on long time, and assisted with machinery, teams and equipment. Following this, the field su- 1 pervisors of the S.S.B. remain with them or visit them at frequent intervals. They tell them what to plant, how to do it, and act as fairy godfathers in general. Could Canada do more? To discover first hand what is actually being done in the settling ~ of the islanders, the writer travelled out to Westlock, where five of the Hebrideans had heen taken throughout the district inspecting the various farmers. Going Out. Th.. party from Edmonton included Father McDonell, Major Gordon and J. Galilegher, of the S.S.B., and Mr. Conroy, and as the government Ford fled over the smooth north roaji other days and other modes were brought hack to memory. Fifty Families. p The Father had made arrangements in Scotland for twenty families to come out to Alberta this, year; hut fifty arrived, which added to the difficulty of the situation. They insisted on all being located together, and much time, was used in the endeavour to accomplish this. To locate them in this manner a large area of land had of necessity to be secured, and endeavour was made to purchase several ranches for the purpose, hut after much negotiation it was found impossible, and it was recognized that the islanders would have to scatter. Many of them possessed very /slender means; all of them were land hungry, and after a life of living <qn other men's farms their one idea was to get on to their own property and get there in a hurry. An Admission. Father McDonell admitted frankly that there was disillusionment, but after a few weeks the settlers recognized that it were -better to go slow in the selecting of a permanent home, than rush in on land which when the newness of ownership had worn off, and the glamour of being landowner had disappeared, might be disappointing. Arriving at Westlock, we found the islanders at the hotel waiting;' a quiet group of homespun-clad .Continued *n Fage Eight). appeared Uppermost in their minds.; The Final Word. The first farm visited was that chosen by Angus Mclntyre, and consisted of 50 acres broken, fair ' ■«■'^-y»-"cr« iqt,. on j. main road,, ¥> H.-J. ~i_ "fc'H.t OXJU.V7.fi OUU „ , ,_ ' " tf~ iUjo'Ba jo sorjnp otti 02 su osm o«■ ___v,^oj___ yqii s__voiis Jies;i ui siqj, J. T *+F H+ + L *>" •J9U10 GUI- 'POJOUS jo eiio 01 tioaiS oq asnui sakione !BB v™W^m 9<* PI*ot_s mi*** , _ „ ^ ^. _ (Continued from Page One). _ Highlanders suddenly whisked from the routine of their simple lives in the northern islands. Father McDonell joined the group, a torrent of Gaelic poured forth, and after an hour of rapid fire conversation the cleric announced that the men had selected their farms, were satisfied with them, and anxious to complete all formalities and get to work. Separation Disliked. I The only drawback apparent was the fact that Angus would be two miles from Roderick, and Alex, pushed still further into the unknown. They disliked the separation, accustomed as they are to the system in vogue on their native islands, and to the deep-rooted clan spirit which still pertains in their homeland. "All right, let's go and see what you have picked out," said Major Gordon, "and remember this, don't take any place you do not like; there is plenty of land and we'll get you what you want." So to the cars again and off. I travelled with a party of the islanders to discover if possible what they thought of the whole matter, and found them satisfied in the main, but fearful of the debt burden which they are shouldering and with a recognition of the fact that their farms must be paid for out of their own effort. They have no illusion that- they are getting something for nothing, which is well; they ' know what hard work means from youth onwards, and from what the writer could gather their mental attitude is attuned to the situation. The whole matter had heen explained and re-explained to them by Father McDonell and from a broad personal knowledge of those who turned the nothern bush into a territory of homes my verdict is that the islanders will make good. The farms chosen for the islanders by the S.S.B. are selected with a view to moderate price, yet with sufficient buildings and improvements to make an immediate start possible. The five heads of families who located on Thursday are all within a six-mile radius of West- lock, and the perpetual question of "How far is it to a school?" was solved to the satisfaction of the immigrants in every instance. They are all men with families, and with every father the thought of school appeared uppermost in their minds. The Final Word. The first farm visited was that chosen by Angus Mclntyre, and consisted of 50 acres broken, fair J.,.77'V;*|Tks, and on a main road had/been chosen and passed on ir. the S.S.B. supervisors, Angus liked it, Mr. Conroy, Major Gordon and the rest of us all declared it suitable, but not until Father MoDonel; gave the final word did his islande] definately abandon his demeanor oi doubt, and decide that this wa* to be his home for all time. As with Mr. Mclntyre so with the rest of the five, with one exception. - Roderick MacDonald picked on a low lying quarter with a light soil; apparently a cheap farm, which was the idea which prompted the selection despite the advice of, the S.S.B. men, and Roderick clung to j his idea, until a flow of Gallic ex-j postulation from Father McDonell j cleared the matter up and he appeared satisfied to abide by the decision of the clerical farmer. ' Judgment Endorsed. All the others chose well, their judgment being endorsed by the party. Each took a well improved quarter section, with the exception of Neill McNeill, who indulged in a half section, a large portion of which was brush. Neill has three big isoms, and he intends to turn them loose in the brush with axes; he has enough land to give him a crop this year, some small buildings and a cheap farm. In all we covered some 60 miles by car on Thursday afternoon, and before we arrived back at West- look arrangements had been made with neighbours in some instance to plow for the islanders. Each will have a potato patch and some green feed this season at any rate, and they can devote the rest of the year to summer fallowing their farms in preparation for an honesu-to-igoodness agricultural effort next year. Ready For More. Half of them are now settled to their satisfaction, thanks largely to the efforts on their behalf by the Soldier 'Settlement Board, which located many hundreds with equal facility. The islanders themselves are not saying much, what they do announce is pithy, to the point and common sense, and they aire not imagining vain things. On parting Gilbert McLellan summed up their views: "We have got to work hard to pay for the farms;, but if we do well there are many of our people who will follow us." Thus the spearhead of the new immigration is placed. These hardy men from the rooky island farms have every qualification to make igood,, and they are going to do so, if one couljL)_. judge from their demeanor. NEARLY 150,000 PERSONS COME UNDER PENSIONS ACT. Ottawa, July 1.—The total number of persons in receipt of benefits under the Soldiers' Pension Act at the beginning of June was 146,373. Included in this total are 42,263 disability pensions and 19,794 dependents of deceased soldiers. This information is contain^ i>r» a*» *~ HEBRIDES MEN ARE SETTLING IN WESTLOCK AREA; PICKING FARMS They Are Well Satisfied with Land Chosen by S* S. __>• - p MEN ANXIOUS TO GET DOWN TO WORK Land Selected Is All With- in Five-Mile Radius of Westlock Five sturdy islanders from the Hebrides selected farms in the Westlock district yesterday; they ! returned to Red Deer on the night ; train after coming back from the I north, and in a few days will once ! more go out with their families- and equipment to commence their careers as1 Canadian citizens. The five homes chosen all lie within a six-mile radius of Westlock, and consist of salvaged farms under the jurisdiction of the Soldier Settlement board. They are ready for the plow, fenced, with good buildings, on main roads, and close to schools and churches, and the men from the islands can., go right ahead, and even aP-tris date plant potatoes and sow^ oats for greenfeed with the assurance that they will have at least some crops to garner before the snow fMes. Anxious to Work That is their main concern; they want to get to work immediately, and the only complaint they have to make is that they were unable to get right off the train and on to their land. Much of the information broadcasted about their disillusionment and dissatisfaction would appear from their conversation to have come from other sources than the islanders themselves', and at least that party with which The Bulletin representative spent the day yesterday appeared to be thoroughly satisfied. Each man was questioned separately and each had the same sentence in reply: "We are well content.'' How l-ocations Made The system by which the men are located is practically perfect. First various* farms are selected by the officials of the Soldier .Settlement board, next the land is passed on by Rev. Father R. A. 'McDonell and Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the S.S.B. The next step is to take the islanders to their future homes, when all the advantages' and disadvantages are explained to them, and if they are thoroughly satisfied, and the officials likewise assured that a wise selection has been made, they [ are sold their farms on long and ; easy terms and can go right ahead and make a living. Father McDonell has opened up! an avenue of immigration to Canada second to none, and it must be said that the S.S.B. is leaving no stone unturned to make the venture successful. The right men are being placed on the right farms and helped in a maimer which in time should redound to the Dominion's credit and emphasize the fact that Canada takes excellent care of immigrants such as those brought to1 these shores by Father McDonell I DINGWALL, SaturT ' iry 9, 1924. j Febrn. x j QUITTING THE HTT .LANDg. Much is beting heard in these days "of the ' Highland problem—a term sometimes use - with little definite meaning behind it. That ; there is a problem we all too painfully know, | and it relates to causes and effects so intermixed that in order to staite. thein we would have to give something like a study, on the . one part, of Highland history generally and, j on the other, of economic conditions and ' changes during the past half century. The j truth is, the Highland problem; is not one, ' but many, But among the many there are one or two that stand by themselves, and if these were dealt with and solved the others : would give little trouble. The problems of the land and fisheries as affecting crofters and fishermen press to-day as tHiey have never ■ pressed before, and tbe effect, along with the i problem of unemployment in tlhe various in- j dustries usual in oiur rural communpties. we j see in the almost hopeless outlook which j faces the Highland people generally to-day. j This has no reference to the so-called distress \ in behalf of which there are so many appeals i for assistance—appieals which have resulted* in the raising altogether of not less than j £15,000 which will be available for judicious j and helpful distribution, when a definite plan . is laid down as the result of a conference \ which took place in Edinburgh on Mondays One outcome of the circumstances and con" ditions which make up the real Highland problem is the unrest among our younger people in the north and west and their readiness to respond to the appeals which are being made for "recruits" for. the farming and industrial life of the Colonies. For some time past Colonial agents and lecturers have been going about the country telling of the prospects for able-bodied men, w7ho are willing to work, in Canada and Australia, and i , many hundreds of our beat young men, and \ not a few young women, are now arranging j to leave for these countries in the immediate j I future- Many hundreds left during the past j two years, in addii£iion to the hundreds of,, entire families of Hebrideans who sailed lastfy year for the west under Father Macdonniell'f scheme. And now we hear that Father Mac donnell has just returned from Canada wit* the intention of bringing out another hu dred crofter families, and this, we are told.jp regarded as a "partial solution of the Hi/ land problem/' It may be partial, burl—- seems to be coming dangerously hear complete—wfaen there will be no crofter p laltion left on their native soil. There then be no Highland problem to vex paf or Governments, unless it be tihe proble how to utilise waste land® or bring back vanished people. We are no(t opposed to emigration. Where our young life has no outlet and no prospect, we cannot deny them their rijgiht to seek opportunity and living elsewhere. The Higfh- tader has ever been the best coloniser, whether his new home be under frigid or torrid zones or in tihe zones between, and we find the Highland Gael in every quarter of ' tihe globe. In the years past they have beer going out, singly or in twos or threes, on V great adventure of a new life's beginm But in recent years tlhe emigration is on quail/ a different scale. It is nothing less than 7M i ? wholesale clearance of the people even more j ^ extensive t__<an took place when straths and I ^ glens were turnied into solitudes for sheep " ts or deer. Those were the d|ays of *'gloomy j tl memories." We dlo not seem to be much con- j corned about the gtloom and the tragedy oi j? these happenings to-'day, and the wondier is j ^ that nothing is heard of what should be the S complete, and not the partial, solution of the Hfiigihiland problem. Until the problem is faced in a manner worthy of its magnitude and j urgency—so that the Highlands may 'become ! a a real and self-maintaining home for a conten- j p tied and prospering race—these so-called ''par- > ^ tial solutions'' tibat mean the extinction of \ o the race—are nothing short of a crime against I e the Highland people7 By all means let I Highlanders emigrate—df they wish to—-but do S( not let us tolerate conditions which compel ^ them regretfully to quit their biirthnland for ' ever. THEY WILL MAKE GOOD Reports from Bed Deer are that the alleged dissatisfaction of the newly arrived Hebrides j Islanders was exaggerated, and that the new- j comers are adapting themselves ,to conditions with no more than the normal amount of difficulty experienced by people who find themselves , in a strange land and surrounded by unusual j circumstances If they have no real grievances j to complain of, that is to be expected. The men I who came from that part of the world to the ; western wilderness half a century ago were not given to disappointment because things were j new and different; still less to discouragement. They were, before all else, industrious and" thrifty, and as years went on many of these former employees of the great trading company became men of substance and standing in the country. Blood tells, and what they did the later comers from the same islands are likely to also do. Catholic Immigration. ^ The action of the United States, in limit-' ing the number of immigrants that they will receive, will, it is expected, turn the tide of immigration to our Dominion of Canada, In view of the large percentage of Catholics already settled there, it is gratifying to learn that the whole question of Catholic immigrants is receiving sTious consideration. In the past they have drifted into Canada in a haphazard fashion. The English-speaking in particular have been most widely scattered. I A little reflection will show how adversely J this reacts upon their faith at times. They ' settle among strangers, often miles from a church, and in time many lapse altogether. Immigrants from Europe knowing no English have tended to hold together, and so little clusters of Catholic settlers have resulted. The problem was how to provide the organisation necessary to enable the English- speaking Catholic immigrants to settle in the undeveloped parts of Canada, where there are already Catholic centres at hand. Families then need not be scattered, and many hardships*-which are now endured could be avoided. The greater unity which would exist among them, strengthened by their religion, would enable the new settlements to develop successfully. A Notable Work. An object-lesson in this matter has been | the Hebridean settlement in Western J Canada, due to the initiative. of the clergy. I Fr. R. A. McDonnell, a Canadian priest, but ] a Hebridean, knowing the distressing conditions in the Hebrides, saw that an opportunity existed of benefiting Canada and the j people of his homeland. He laid his plan ] before Bishop Fallon, of London, in the | Ontario province, and was successful in ! enlisting his help. With the Bishop's aid he secured a large farm, to which the young I immigrants on their arrival could be drafted. There they were to receive a short intensive training in Canadian farming methods and acquire a knowledge of the conditions which they would have to meet in the land of their adoption. From this farm they were drafted to farms in the province to secure a wider experience of Canadian life and farming methods preparatory to taking up their own farms and working themselves up into independent farmers. The experiment proved successful, and there has been since its initiation four years ago a steady stream of sturdy Scotch manhood to the farming school. Further Developments. The Canadian Pacific Railway was quick to recognise the value of Father McDonnell's experiment and proffered assistance. Its aid was most helpful. Father McDonnell was able to bring out forty families and settle them in two groups round the cities of Calgary and Edmonton, in Alberta, under the spiritual jurisdiction of Archbishop O'Leary. The experiment was not without risk, so complete was the change in. the character of the land and work. The Immigrants had lived, one might say, within sound of the sea, where they toiled to cultivate small patches of land with primitive implements. In Canada they found themselves on broad rolling prairies, and working large acreages, which necessitated the use of up-to-date intricate machinery. Their native shrewdness and grit I triumphed over everything. They made g< 1 and their glowing accounts of their new hoj ! inspired others with a desire to follow | In 1923 another farm was bought to ! a central depot for the Hebridean a.. _ . \Hebrideans Had Mistaken j Idea of Preparations For i ifteir Colonization Flan I Expected to Fiiid Improved Farms at Their Disposal; Arej Not Disheartened and Are Slowly But Surely Being Located; Personal Interviews By Journal Reporter Conflicting reports concerning the settling of the Hebridean immigrants at Red Deer prompted the Edmonton Journal to send a staff representative there on Thursday. Newcomers, both men and women, and those handling the arrangements were interviewed and the results of this investigation are given in the following article. BY T. A. MANSELL While "someone has blundered" in- early handling of the Hebridean settlers who arrived in Alberta three weeks ago, these immigrants are not downhearted. Some of their dreams of a land of promise have been proven fanciful, they have possibly been victims' of their own over- enthusiasm as the result of giowinsr; reports, but the determination to "stick" and make new homes in this province is firm. Things have not turned out as the Hebrideans anticipated, and naturally they are somewhat dejected. They have not Sound improved farms ready for all to locate on; they have found that the talk of sufficient loans to enable them to carry on operations was largely mythical. Hoping For Best Housed in the old Indian industrial school at Red Beer, these fine prospective settlers and their families numbering some two hundred are waiting-. They hope for the best, knowing- that something will turn up i and it may possibly be a solution of j their difficulty. Some of the party have already • been placed on farms, others have ! secured employment for their grown j up children and are planning to go I out to service with farmers them- I selves. Through the efforts of the p'old7;p settiemerit board numbers jhave been provided with salvaged I S.S.S. farms and are at present en- i j gaged in making arrangements to re- j move their families. It is stated that the S.S.B. is making every effort to settle the newcomers on the land of- ; fered at most attractive terms. The j term for payments is as long as I twenty-five years while purchases I are to be based on present agricul- ! tural values. Sold Their Holdings It is quite apparent that the Hebrideans sold out their holdings in the old country and left for Alberta under a very mistaken idea as to what provision would be made for them here. They say positively that! they were to be settled in a colony, which would be near a railway, and each could get ,160 acres of) land. There would be^; no payments required on this "land for the first two years and at f$ie commencement of. the third year-tne first of the thirty- year instalments would be due. Another point they emphasize, and a most vital one, was that they were to receive, loans to assist them in farming operations. Also, they were to receive assisted passage to country. In regard to the latter was learned subsequently that A ccived free passage. Misled by Publicity/*^. Publicity broadcasted oy/T^; era Canada Colonization ^ja e/ to splendid prospects for •_. ™e/ west was evidently larf^ titirfor fttt % . WINNIPEG, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1924 Hebrideans in Alberta Free Press Representative Visits . Settlement And Reports Progress ; s ■ locaHdU-j? Edmonton, Alberta, December 10.— The establishment of Hebrideans on Alberta farms was frankly an experiment undertaken as a last resort. It has so far worked out satisfactorily that it has set a precedent. It is quite possible that the ultimate result may be one of the most successful pieces of colonization work in the history of the peopling of the west. The writer has just returned from visiting one of the small groups of these settlers who .ire located around the village of Ohaton, a few miles east of Camrose. The net result is to leave a feeling that here a real piece of good work has been done, one which may be said to have set a precedent; for the arrangement with the Empire Settlement board to bring out 3,000 Britisf. families is really based on the principles which were improvised hurriedly for the settlement of the Hebrideans. Early Prospect Unfavorable I It looked for a time as if the move to bring settlers from the Hebrides and settle them on farms in Alberta was doomed to failure. Certainly in the epring of 1923 when the first party of 300 came out the air was full of lamentations, of stories of deception, misguidance, and even harsher terms were used than that. To an extent these were partially justified. The first group was in a manner of speaking sprung on the country unawares. Father MacDonell, who conceived the idea of bringing these people out, did so on his own initiative. If he consulted Ottawa is was only in a general way, and ,»o TProvision was made for their k iiKption or placing. When the Soldier Settlement board authorities at Edmonton finally jumped in and shouldered the load, they had no regulations to guide them. The i.ew7 comers were practically all civilians and no provision existed for extending help to civilian settlers. Something had to be done, however. It was done and authority obtained afterwards. Went Right to Work The Edmonton office ._ .-. enough improved farms of their own which had come back on their hands to house the families. It took about two weeks to do this. The men folk and elder boys then got jobs near enough to be able to live at home or were allowed to work oh the places on which they were living, on a small crop share basis. It wasn't much as income, but it did bring in some cash last year, owing to the fact that there was the big crop. They were given a few head of stock and a minimum of machinery. Today these people have had bought for them by the board on an average about $750 worth of stock and equipment which will be charged up to them and the cost amortized over probably 25 years at (. per cent. They have picked up a few things also for themselves. With tho experience of the placing of the first party to guide them, the- authorities had no great difficulty in taking care of the second and third parties which came out this year. Neither of the succeeding groups had to stay in the Red Deer immigration hnt£jfafl*i*fi.~rt: thui-ii ill i *■■■■_ were all hi ChSTf new homes at the end of tltat time. As evidence of good faith the board asked the newcomers to put up as soon as possible after arrival the sum of $100, a payment on the land, really most as a guarantee they would stick. All of the families seen on this trip have now done this with one exception. And it may be stated that all the families seen were thoroughly satisfied with their new homes, considering the crop, with the new conditions and with their prospects, even despite the fact that the crops they got this year run about No. 6 for wheat and No. 2 feed for oats and not much of them at that. Trying to Pay Up It was an excellent time to get a statement of this kind from the He-- brideans, for the writer was making his trip in company with the loeaj field man of the board, who was frankly out to collect some money on account. If one were to remove from Anglo-Saxon humorous columns all the jokes about the difficulty of separating cash from a Scotchman, the contents of those columns would be pretty attenuated. Despite conditions, ,ho«&^yer, no lamentations went up .when the- field man made his request. True, a certain air of preoccupied gravity '"came over- the scene; there was, on a couple of occasions, a hurried conference in Gaelic between the father and his eldest boy, resulting in the explanation being forthcoming from the youth, while father repaired to the family mattress to reappear witlj what he felt he could afford. But> the spirit was obvious. They owed the money and the sooner it was paid the happier they would feel. These people are not on their feet yet, of course. With the exception of the $100 they' have made no payments on their land, which cost them on an average around $25 per acre, though if they had had a crop this vear there would have been something forthcoming. They need more machinery yet. At present, wisely they are as far as possible sharing Implements among themselves. But almost every settler^gaJ_JL__te-^i_^tT a breaking plo-w^to^fbt^^and | under cultivation, and. pretty nice- , looking land it is, top The men will mainly get jobs in the bush this winter, $35 a month and board, while The women folk and children will look after the stock. The Hebrideans are" glod stockmen and their animals fooked in first-class shape. The out- Sink were all being_ kept" W and the houses inside were a model of cleanliness and neatness. Women Are Satisfied The women-folk without exception said*.hey were going to like thelif^ One lady hinted she would 311st as Men have her old peat hearth -aft.her modern cook stove. The same lady also wondered if she was going to find a market for the cloth shelve; she had her loom with.her, and she hadn't seen any blankets 1 }£e «£ nr1M Bhe made herself. A thriving side-line mmay well be develbpejliere It is not much wonder that the Hebrideans are going to make good. They have for centuries mainly existed in a climate where It rains aa Donald McPherson remarked to the writer. 95 day- -ut U every 100 (p>* tainly looked the^pmakings o£ first- ' class Canadian citizens. The falriers"" all made a point of saying they had paid their school taxes, whatever else they had been unable 'to do. Northern Alberta has received a leaven that may do immense good to the lump. These families are scattered at various points around the Edmonton district. Pather MacDonell is at present over in Scotland with a Presbyterian minister to bring out more; they are not all Catholics though the majority are. In years to come there will undoubtedly be seen figures in public life in this part of the country bearing names of the following type: Angus Morrison, Donald McPherson, Hugh McPhee, Archie McLeod, Angus Mclntyre, ROnald McPhee, which are the names of the heads of thQ Hebridean families in the Ohatou I district. HEBRIDES MEN ARE SETTLING IN WESTLOCK AREA; PICKING FARMS They Are Well Satisfied with Land Chosen by S. S. B. MEN ANXIOUS TO GET DOWN TO WORK Land Selected Is All Within Five-Mile Radius of Westlock Five sturdy Islanders from the Hebrides selected farms in the Westlock district yesterday; they returned to Red Deer on the night train after coming back from the i north, and in a few days will once ] more go out with their families and equipment to commence their careers as* Canadian citizens. The five homes chosen all lie within a six-mile radius of Westlock, and consist of salvaged farms under the jurisdiction of the Soldier Settlement board. They are ready for the plow, fenced, with good buildings, on main roads, and close to schools and churches, and the men from the islands can, go right ahead, and even at this date plant potatoes and sow oats for greenfeed with the assurance that they will have at least some crops to garner before the srnow fides. Anxious to Work That is? their main concern; they want to get to work immediately, and the only complaint they have to make is that they were unable to get right off the train and on to their land. Much of the information broadcasted about their disillusionment and dissatisfaction would appear from their conversation to have -come from other sources than the islanders themselves*, and at least that party with which The Bulletin representative spent the day yesterday appeared to be thoroughly satisfied. Each man was questioned separately and each had the same sentence in reply: "We are well content." How Locations Made The system by which the men are located is practically perfect. First various farms are selected by the officials of the Soldier Settlement board, next the land is passed on by Rev. Father R. A. McDonell and Major H. Gordon, superintendent of the S.S.B. The next step is to take the islanders to their future homes, when all the advantages* and disadvantages are explained to them, and if they are thoroughly satisfied, and the officials likewise assured that a wise selection has been made, they are sold their farms on long and easy terms and can go right ahead and make a living. Father McDonell (has opened up an avenue of immigration to Canada second to none, and it must be said that the S.S.B. is leaving no stone unturned to make the venture successful. The right men are being placed on the right farms and helped in a manjier which in time should redound to the Dominion's credit and emphasize the fact that Canada takes excellent care of immigrants such as those brought to these shores by Father McDonell TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 1924 DEIW .TWHMPMaS T HE LARGEST FAMILY ON THE MARLOC H. A CROFTER'S HOME IN SOUTH UIST (HEBRIDES). When Canada calls the Hebrides listen- in. The dominion signals a message of hope, a promise of better days, and hearing the call the islanders gratefully respond, or those rugged breakwaters that face aicne the might of Atlantic gales just as their sons of old in the forefront of battle ..ood up to the brunt of the enemy's charge, yield- but a bare subsistence to the people that inhabit them to-day. Little wonder, then, that the ungrateful soil of wind-swept crofts is being forsaken and acceptances proffered thankfully to the invitation of khe West. Canada has come to the rescue. When she clasps them to her bosom all is well-' Hundreds of Hebrideans have already o^'j.Ki r^^gfe under the shade of the Ma|^ \f Putting the best that is in them into ___4p new homes, they have bridged the gulf thaK^divides penury from affluence/ and hardship from that happiness the pursuit of which is the right of every man. Making good beyond ocean waste and distant plain they have convinced those they left behind j that Stepping Westward seemed to be A kind of Heavenly destiny. LAND OF FLORA MACDONALD. The difficulties of travel between the more distant islands and Glasgow are considerable, and recognising this the C.P.R. company have considerately solved the roblem for those who have resolved to v lertake the journey to the new world yond the Western Main. Last week-end, _*r the second time in history, the com- ihy's luxurious liner Marloch embraced in er outward trip the island of South Uist, here in bygone days 2,000 soldiers searched for Bonnie Prince Charlie, then " on the run,"- but were thwarted in their quest by Flora Macdonald, who planned and helped in his in^eni .us escape. The visit of an ocean-going vessel is a big ?relV«A those lonely waters, and when the lcomed^eamH int-o^the bay she was uower, aVmapy small craft under sail ^I-uT. inland. 1i9vily laden with natives of T hex with a cooler Hebrides, out to meeJk transferred ;^lt of Barra emi- ^der^o the liner w^ Jel^t of 1>o^d anchor ^|^sfeig ship^had ^little P^0tat the ^eau^om the ^ n£ ^ Shimne4ng In *ib sunlit sky, the South Uist party awaited the arrival of the smaller vessel. When the latter at length came alongside there were many affecting incidents ere the emigrants crossed the gangway. From all parts of the island and from neighbouring isles friends and kinsfolk had come to bid farewell. Inside the barriers a stalwart piper piped a Highland lament, and then four brawny lads danced a Highland fling. Contrasting with the now lively skirl of the pipes cam. the sound of the Gaelic good-byes and the sobs of older folk who were bidding farewell, perhaps for ever, to the men and women and lads and lasses about to leave their shores. Attempting to board the tender to escort his friends to the ship one young man lost his grip of the rail and fell between the vessel and the pier. H»> was dragged out unhurt but drenched to the skin. Despite his d*«coTcrfortT-i-mrererrtrer remained for an hour to join in the fluttering of handkerchiefs and parting cheers as the tender moved away. Just before the moorings were let go the piper reached his pipes to one of the emigrants, who withdrew the drone and replaced it as a final salutation, thus fulfilling an old custom still dear to the heart of the Highlander. One man nearly missed the tender by rushing back at tlie last moment to pluck a sprig of heather. The scenes at the liner's side were practically a repetition of those on the pier, and it was to the music of the pipes and the fluttering of handkerchiefs that the big ship at length weighed anchor and steamed out of the bay, setting her course for St. John, N.B. The Hebridean party totalled 300 in all, made up of some 50 families drawn from the inlands of South Uist, Barra, Benbecula, and also from the mainland of Argyleshire, where a number had been residing for some time. The largest family numbered 12, the oldest emigrant was 66, and the youngest seven months. FOR RED DEER, ALBERTA. All are going out to the Red Deer district of Alberta, under the care of the Rev. A. MacDonell, M.C, founder and managing director of the Scottish Immigrants' Aid Society, who are their sponsors in conjunction with the Empire Settlement Committee. The Rev. A. MacDonell who, by the way, is related to the famous fighting priest of the same name, who commanded the Glengarry Fencibles, is at present •-.founding in Alberta a colony of Hebrideans. Co-operating with the Dominion authorities the younger people being brought out free and the elders allowed to repay their passage money by instalments. The emigrants who sailed on the Marloch will be housed when they arrive and employment found for them until farms are secured. In the course of an interview the Rev. A. MacDonell expressed himself as a firm believer in the family unit as a means to successful and contented settlement and explained at length the favourable terms under which farms could be acquired. He recommended, however, that emigrants should work for the first year to qualify in Canadian methods, which differ so much from those at home. He told something of j what.the Scottish Immigrants' Aid Society- was* doing to help those who came out, j adding that amongst the prominent ! Canadians identified with it were General Stewart, O.B., CM.G., president of the organisation; Colonel G. S. Dennis, Commissioner of Colonisation; Mr. P. Burns, vhe cattle king of Calgary; Mr. J. A. O'Brien (Ottawa), and Mr. J, L. Murray. Mayor of Renfrew, Ontario. Ho expressed the view that the Outer Hebrides could afford to lose by emigration one-third of its present population, with the benefit not only to those of them who seek new pastures but also to those who remain behind. This, he said, was^ his fourth party. All the others were doing well and were anxious that the folk in their old island homes should avail themselves of the advantages that Canada offers. The clergyman was loud in his praise of the C.P.R., and, indeed, it would be well- nigh impossible to speak too highly of what has been done by that great company to facilitate outward-bound natives of the lonely islands and to ensure their comfort throughout, the journey to their land of promise. Major M. L. Duffy, the C.P.T^ agent for Scotland, has played a big pab in all that has been done, and it was un^ his personal supervision and that of _*_] William Stewart, the company's Glasgow, passenger agent, that the embarkation ai rangements were so successfully carried out at Lochboisdale. Amongst other officials who also accompanied the Marloch to that little port were Major Moore, manager of the Colonisation and Develomnent Department of the C.P.R., London; Mr. E. C IGill, publicity agent, London; and Captain R. W. Campbell (the creator of " Spud Tamson"), who, in a publicity connection, IS __-M.__plmr1 +.*. -fho filoofrnw /~»Afi/^<_ .-»■£ +!-»*_ .** _.-__. EVENING PATRKXl'. t FBAIfK & HEARTZ, Managing Editor, Editor ._ _. Psesldent _.____. ___. Frederick J. Nasb •«___. Beiitoen M_Mi)oii&Id Bushiest M*iiipe#«l ._ _._. W. Ar_liiff Nudist Telephone—806 or hot and by disa^jF Weather i weather P. .m. en. a. in. in. ng at 6.13 TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1924 ar< ed asi ; re] |Ea I THE HEBRIDEANS. ina, nm re- OB 1 it It is to be regretted that the Hebrideans were unable to make a longer visit to Prince Edward Island, but as they have to cover the seven other Provinces including the Prairie Provinces where thousands of their kin are located, their programme called for a little over a day and a half in this Province. However, they saw enough of it not only to confirm the descriptions which have been sent out from time to time in the immigration literature but to surpass even the favorable preconceived ideas which they had. The Hebrides consist of about one hundred and sixty islands off the coast of Scotland, but not all of these islands are habitable. They consist of two principal groups, the Outer Hebrides, Lewis, with Harins, North and South Uist, Benbecula, Barra, and numerous smaller islands in the counties of Ross, Cromarty and Inverness, and the Inner Hebrides* including Skye, Rum, Eigg, Canna, Coil, Tirel, Mull, Ulva, Staff a, Iona, | Calonsa, Jura, Islay, Aran, Bute, 1 etc. I The delegates who recently toured I the Island came from Uist in the ffi Outer Hebrides, and they met during I their trip at St. George's in King's I County descendants of the people I from Uist who had settled there I about a century ago, and even later. I For instance they exchanged greet- Jm Ings with several whose parents had come out from the Hebrides. In other parts of Prince Edward Island the Isles of Skye and Arran and other fPJG P°rtions of the Inner Hebrides have sent their immigrants to help build up this Province. Before the Hebrideans started to come to Canada about three years f ago very sensational reports reached this country of total, failure of crops, of people starving and other very gruesome stories. The delegates declared that these were grossly exaggerated. One of them informed the Patriot that for the past two Or three years conditions were better than they were for some years previously. Unfortunately in recent years there has been so much rain as to cause a very serious shortage in the crops, and the herring fishing which was formerly a very important industry has declined because the Hebrideans say the fish have been driven off by the beam trawlers leaving few if any for the hand liners and net fishermen. £_# The principal crops are potatoes, oats, barley and turnips. In a normal season about one hundred barrels of potatoes are grown to the acre, but for some years past owing to the heavy rain the crops have only partly matured. Large farms are a thing of the past in the Hebrides and the land has been cut up into small holdings. A few farmers have from eighty to one hundred acres but many hav© only twenty acres of arable land and others even a smaller area. None | Ma passing through sections where road | 1 making was in progress they thought j exc it strange to see a man sitting on his loaded cart. "Why in our country," they said, "the driver walks as we fill the carts to their capacity with road making material. They were not only impressed by the wonderful fertility of the Island, but also by the fact that no point was very distant from the sea to which they had been accustomed all their lives. 0.,im er- ie _ MY Retail Canada >r the talent as the ie de- : their ^uson's •emony worthy ed an- ehosen SHORE advices iounced of the ag air- ending id. The vas not al was enwich almost - 5 Great public 2nd at furni- ing five dstered, g, also scuttle, Dokcase tionary r valu- suite, i table, ill oil- three e bed- beds, irday, J N, Ion. 5i. THE POWNAL MEETING. That the Liberal Party of this Province made no mistake in selecting Mr. A. C. Saunders as the leader of their party was again clearly demonstrated at the meeting at Pownal last night. Mr. Saunders received a great ovation, and in a real oratorical, clear-cut and finely worded speech* interspersed by prolonged applause by the audience in many instances, he clearly enunciated and compared the records of the Liberal and Conservative parties. The large hall at Fownal was filled and for nearly an hour he held the closest attention of his audience. As a matter of fact, it was estimated that there were as many electors at the meeting last night as there Were at the so-called Liberal-Conservative "Rally" in the Market Hall Friday night when they brought down the renowned Dr. Tolmie as one of the drawing cards. When one realizes that just now the farmers are very busy at the harvest, the attendance last night augurs well for Liberalism in this Province, and also in Canada, for the Hon. J. E, Sinclair and Mr. D. A. MacKinnon, and Mr. J. C. Irving, M. P. P., left a great impression on the people of Pownal and vicinity. The Liberal representatives certainly deserve a lot of credit for putting on these meetings now. When one realizes that the speakers have just been relieved of their arduous duties at Ottawa and that this is the holiday season, one can readily see that, truly, they must have the, welfare of the country at heart and are anxious to serve the people. It is only just and right that they should give an account of their stewardship; but after having a Tory Government in power at Ottawa for some years we are not used to being consulted or having our desire? gratified. The people appreciate these actsV^ thoughtfulness on the part of ftj Federal representatives and our f^y. eral leader, and no doubt, will o«e telling way give more evideh>^]< their appreciation when the ?]eiir are again presented for markier j 11 hoi PRINCE COUNTY S Mai E,ar mer mo\ Mar brill cept clea: east like from ling ligh W on I jecti from Mart than mou: of te seerr the . Sti tion melt, there grow whic cana. that ways the c Egyr Wj stud) alon_ be ec ment: spect realm velop] siglit. and p somed Mars, photog wonde. The Ca the diffe Gre sun heh ad. oni ca MEE The political meetings whicn were held last week throughout Prince County were large and,most enthus- of their crops are sold, but they de- tiastic- The Patriot has already made pend mainly on their sheep and cattle which are purchased by outside buyers. The cattle are mainly of the Highland breed although there are a number of Ayrshires. A peculiar thing about the climate is that for the past nine years there has been no snow nor ice but a great deal of wet weather in the winter season. reference to those held at Alberton and Greenwood. At the Ellerslie meeting, Mr. Colin MacKay presided. At Grand River, Mr. P. D. Giilis was chairman. At Kensington, Mr. George Brown was in the chair, the speakers being Messrs. D. A. MacKinnon, M. P., Mr. A. C, Saunders, M. P. P., Mr. A. E. Reference has already been made;MacLean, M. P., Messrs. James Pro to the land system In that country fitt> Major Townsend and Robert where absentee landlordism is the rule. The rent averages about a shilling an acre but the taxes are very high compared with those in Prince Edward Island for instance. The Patriot was informed by one delegate that it amounts to about four shillings on the pound, at the rate of 20 per cent. This is paid by the tenant and the landlord pays a like amount. As the taxes on the Agnew. The last three named deplored the condition of the roads and in no uncertain terms declared that the people were about sick of the present Stewart administration. At the East Prince Conservative Convention held recently a resolution was passed in which this statement appeared :— "W6 further depreciate the dishonest and unfair owner of the land about equals the pr0poganda of the leader of the local rent a number of estates are being opposition, Mr. A. C. Saunders, who, sold out. The visitors had nothing behind their backs and from plat- to complain about the action of the forms where their opponents have not landlords. They said such a thing the opportunity to reply." as evictions are unknown, as the rent, so far as the Island of Uist, at least, Is concerned, is kept paid up. They have no railways but there are motor cars and the taxes on these are levied according to the weight of the car, the same system as prevails in Prince Edward Island, except that whilst a Ford car is taxed $18 here, In the Hebrides it has to pay $60. Coming as they did from a rocky, hilly country the delegates were very much impressed with the gently undulating surface of Prince Edward Island, and more than once they made the expression "what remarkably level land you have here." They were interested in the road system of Prince Edward Island. On I This statement is absolutely inaccurate and unfair. The Liberals or Conservatives alike are asked to speak at any of the meetings. At the Eldon meeting tonight Mr. Saunders will be glad to meet the Premier, the Commissioner of Public Works and any other Conservatives and repeat eyery statement that he has made at previous meetings. The people know Mr. Saunders well enough to know that he does not have to go behind their backs to make any statements. Sfi in ( of 077 tari low Que Mar 33,1^ Brm I si a] Wor this car 7 in Se bee, 14; Colui and 1 the e to ev Th( appai figure in th senth the e betwe Pacifi gard An e1 ernm will that i urbai sesse On iargf —be own are occi can 3.9 Tafc said *>er( The most damaging thing about the bobbed hair fashion seems j °* * to be contained in a New York World farn article which proves that the style. j*arg' is antiquated. i SCOTTISH VISITORS AND A FARM POLICY. During the last week Piotou County was visited hy two delegations from Auld Scotland. The first delegation consisted of two very fine newspaper men who, along with some others .who did not favour us, they were making a tour of Canada to see what foundation, If any, there was for the yarns Scotsmen send.back of the ill- treatment they receive when they come to this country in the capacity of farm labourers. That does not need to concern us in NOva (Scotia very much, for Scottish farm labourers do not honor us very often, and when the exception is-) the case there is not much ground for worry. If he is a good fellow and a worker, he will get along all right If he is not that is his own lookout and he must take the consequences Occasionally one does hit in who is mot classed as A. 1. The writer was at a farm in the County a few weeks ago and the proprietor had with him two young men from near old Glasgow. One had some previous acquaintanceship with Canada. The fHher was new. They had engaged with the farmer to put in his Jiay *Phey were sturdy looking lads and Interesting to talk to. A (few weeks later we met the farmer. "Have you all your hay in?" we inquired. "Not quite," he replied. "How did the Scotsmen turn out?" we further questioned. "They were never turnec out," he replied, "On the second morning they went out of their "own accord and my watch went with them." However, the two Scottish Editors who visited Pdctou County were escorted about our best districts and seemed much impressed with what they saw and heard. They were under the guidance of Principal Cum- ming, of Truro, and D. €. Sinclair, President of the Board of Trade, of New 'Glasgow. The second delegation was of a. different nature, thought also hailing' from the Auld land. The mission was i to spy out the land with the view to locating Scottish Crofters from the; Hebridean Islands, here. In thai party were two Catholic priests andj three Crofters. The Crofters are the tenant farmers and shore fishermen of the iNorth Highlands of Scotland. The crofting parishes are mostly included within the the counties of Argyll e, Inverness, Ross and Cromarty, Sutherland, Caithness, the Orkney and Shetland Islands and the Hebrides or Western Islands. It is from the latter that our visitors of last week hailed. The principal islands in this group are Lewis, Harris, Utsts, Bana, Skye, Rum, Eigg, C#ll, Tiree, Mull, Iona, Jura and Isla. All names familiar with the early estab-; lishment of Scottish colonies in 'Nova j Scotia. These islands are described j as mountainous, rugged and pictur- eque. Sandy shores and melancholy j moorland, broken by numerous peo- j <ple who are known as the Hebri- j deans. Speaking of them one who | •-■■-Tfoccd'O a-^study of these -people; 7S- they a p.rjy. sturdy1 race, hounds for work and make a< specialty of large families. Were the latter not so it is asserted that they would have been wiped out years ago, for they have fought in all the wars of Europe. It did not matter what nations were doing the fighting many of the younger men of these islands went and took a hand in it They fought in all 'European wars and .specialized in those scraps in the Balkans, "**»aUa*n^iifli_]_g—^m a****** that was easiest to reach. Reverting to the term Crofter. It will be 'found that there are three classes included under this name (1) j those occupying land in separate tenancy, really small farmers, and known as independent Crofters; (2) those occupying arable land in separate tenancy, ibut pasture in joint tenancy, known as township Crofters; (3) Cottars who usually confine themselves to fishing and casual^employment. The second class, the township Crofter, is the real Crofter. A permanent government body known as the Crofters' Commission adjusts their rents and their area for cultivation. This was made necessary when landlords securing control after '46 endeavoured to convert the sheep pastures into deer runs and hunting grounds. One can picture that such people, with their thrifty characteristics, fondness for the sea and the rugged, country would be ideal setUeBS^^Brj Nova Scotia. Yet strange _as"nt may aeem, the first attempt to implant these people in Canada has been to locate them on prairie land in Western Canada. Last week., the visitors (to Pictou County were motored about the countryside and then by the shore road to Antigonish. We are told that they became enthusiastic when they reached Lismore, Arisaig and Bailey's Brook. They found the gaelie just as they spoke it at home. iNo doubt the location of splendid farming land adjacent to the sea awakened thoughts of home and indicated to them a .better land with familiar surroundings. If these people could be transplanted to Nova Scotia and given a chance they might do a great deal for the province and themselves. But what have we to offer them? Every bit of vacant farm land in Nova Scotia is owned by someone who 'deliberately asks more than it is worth and will go on asking an exorbitant figure for it. Take the case of the Soldiers' Settlement. Many were placed upon farms and they nearly all tfailed because the first cost of the farm was more than they could afford to pay for it. The Crofters or anyone else would fail under similar circum- stances. The agricultural department of the Province, we are told \ gave these soldier settlers no help or instruction. ^ It was a Dominion government affair, and none of theirs, so they let them plough their solitary path, visited only by the representative of the Soldiers' Settlement department who came to collect the interest and payments. And the Crofters or any other movement will fail for^a like reason. If this province wants"" settlers and it does, and can get them, a new pol icy must be adopted. Let the got eminent create a commission, % fan settlement commission. Endow with powers of expropriation such the Power Commission. Let them _ on vacant farms, farms that have, been so many years vacant and that the owners refuse to cultivate, expropriate them and turn them over to men of our own Province, or settlers who will work. Enforce a certain cultivation and seeding every year and the maintenance of certain stock. There is no hardship in that. The first settlers to Nova Scotia secured their farm grants under .similar conditions. We have an old document granting a certain section of land from the crown to four men for farming purposes at McLennan'^ Mountain, lit contains all the conditions, that they shall keep so many cattle, so many sheep, and so many acres to oats, wheat, flax, rye, hay, potatoes, etc. The story runs that these four men, Urquhart, Ross, Fraser and Cameron, walked to Halifax to secure the grant and it is almost certain they did. They settled the land under these conditions, all raised large families and prospered in so far as people of that day prospered. The same thing can he done over again. But the first difficulty is to get the land. We have in mind many vacant farms. Try to buy one, and the owner I iving in a town, or more likely in the United States, will ask you a price that will raise the hair on your hea'd. Yet he refuses to do anything with it. It is a part of the natural worth of this province, but the worth cannot be produced except by cultivation. But this absent owner is deliberately destroying the wealth of the Province. * In addition to expropriating these vacant farms, we would close the three experimental farms in Nova Scotia which are adding only to the taxation and .send the men of these farms broadcast to give the settlers encouragement and help them in their difficulties. The Province wants a new Agricultural policy anS an aggressive one. There is an opportunity today, if the legislators will only take hold of it. Three hundred of the sturdy p eople of Scotland's western isles have just sailed for Canada. Above The farewell scene at the embarkation at Lochboisdale. Inset: A typical Hebridean croft. .MMOMPLAN GOBS INTO EFFECT [First Direct Contract Between C.P.R, and O.S. Committee Is Concluded CLAN DONALD COLONY New Note in Canadian Colon- izatCon Introduced in Provision of Cottages and Training Scheme list id in ts 3d Id i- The first direct contract to be 'entered into between the Canadian Pa« cine Railway and the Overseas Settlement Corn'mittee of the-Imperial Government has been effected, the fruits of which will be the creation of aa Old Country -colony in* Norther; Alberta to be known as the "Cla: Donald*' colony. The other signato . to the •contract is the Scottish Immi grant Aid Society, which will secure the. immigrants and under whose auspices they will be moved and settled. Settlement will commence in the spring on prepared farms with forty immigrant (families already in the country to he swelled during the folio wife* months by sixty additional families, until the complete colony of one hundred families. Is satisfactorily established. The Scottish Immigrant Aid So* ciety was formed by a group of philanthropic indiv.d'uals who were keenly appreciative of the benefits of the Hebridean settlement in Western Canada and were desirous of extending it to the -mutual advantage of Canada and the old .and. Financed by these individuals, it lias been extremely active iln the matter of Settling Scottish immigrants in Alberta and assisting them on to success. It introduced a new note into Canadian , colonization by erecting a number of cottages on land in Alberta for the | reception, assimilation and 'training! of newcomers, where the Immigrant, after travelling the thousands of J miles by land and sea, finds a home on "arrival. i In conjunction with tht. Department of Colonization and Development of-the Cwna&iam Pacific Rail-I way, the society lias now entered in- | to contract with the Overseas -Settle- ' ment Committee for the settlement of thirty thousand acres of land in the Vermilion district of Alberta,. The Canadian Pacific Railway purchased the land 'and have arranged with the Scottish Aid Society for disposal to settl-ens on extremely advantageous (terms. The sum of $100,- 000 is being provided by the Overseas Settlement Committee to stock and equip the farms and the Qverseas Settlement Committee and the Scottish Immigrant Aid Society combine in7 providing $75*000 for the ereetior of cottages, barns, we_l#* fences, etc on the hundred farms into which *b tract is to he divided. Each faniil will be allowed a farm of not les than 160 acres. Settlement will begin in the spring hy placing on prepared. farms forty families, which came originally from » Scotland and other parts of tlie United Kingdom and who have been in' "Western Canada if or the past coup 1£_! of years training for farming thro ugl,_, farm labor. Sixty additional f am # ilies will coroe from the same source -later until all farms are settled, mak ing a solid colony of on© hundre , families. Through the price at whtc. I.the land was secured, settlers will b able to ohtain it at a very low ow per acre. The society erects a cox tage and barn of simple conetructiO) on each farm at a cost of $700, am financial assistance to the extent of another $1,000 will, be advanced to the settler for the purpose of buying live stock and equipment The society is not on a share-profit basis. The >bjeet is to assist the settler, to get lim the best possible terms and assistance to success. | UNIQUE FBATtm-E.?. The establishment of this colony is something new and unique in Canadian colonization; the firsst instance in which organizations,; other that the government, have been able C./^ share in the advantages offered toyv (the Overseas Settlement Act. Settlers will come from the Old Land directly to farms in complete prep* oration for their reception, They will be enabled to make an immedi* ate commencement upon farming operations*. Repayment of monies expended on the •purchase of land will extend over thirty years If-necessary, though the settler can clear his indebtedness at any time, whilst from twelve to fifteen years will be permitted for (the repayment of that expended on buildings, stock and equipment. The Rev. Father MacDonncK, managing director of the Scottish Immigrant Aid Society, who has conducted operations on behalf of the Society both in Canada and in Great Britain, will return to the British I_s.ee short- ., «ly. He will personally see and accept JLgu the additional sixty families to com: to the colony in April. Passengers for S.S. "A The last connecting Montreal for passenger the S.S. "Arabic" January 8th, JPimited," l*5" January Station ; pi fo ci; \A £.. ) The Clan Donald Settlement. Those .wh op must emigrate should study an advertisement which appears in another column to-day. The Clan Don aid Colony has been organised by Father MacDonnell for the purpose of giving a chance to farmers and experienced farm hands to settle on a farm of their ownwithout delay, and with, excellent prospects of success, because they will not be overburdened with too much debt. The land will he acquired by the settlers at less than half the usual price, namely, at about £1 an acre, and 30 years are allowed for payment—a loan of £200 is advanced for stock and equipment, and a cottage of four rooms, also a barn to hold 4 horses and 6 cows are built. The Society will have on the ground 2 to 6 cows, 2 horses, a sow, and 25 hens—a wagon, plough, harrows, mower, hayrake, and- Other implements, besides having 10 acres already broken when the settlers arrive, or shortly afterwards. Every effort is made to give the settler a good start, but he must be a worker, and experienced to show that he can take hold right away. Father MacDonnell will visit at their homes those who immediately notify him through their local agents of their desire to emigrate, and it is his aim to settle them where they will be sure of the benefits of church and school. TELLS t ii-iuNS ABOUT THE HEBMDHN (Continued from Page One) , fast becoming discouraged. Could any- ] thing so effectively check immigration as the situation that had arisen? If articles such' as he had quoted appeared in the preset here th be quoted in the old- country. ''What is going to be the Mr. Speakman went on. It was going to be said that if the immigration department was unable to take eareof and locate four or five hundred people, It surely could not carry out a policy involving the bringing in and locating of a large number of immigrants. These immigrants from the Hebrides were (moping that a large number of their fr_end_f., and relations would .follow but this hope would hardly be fulfilled when those in the old land were advised of conditions. What was the department of immigration going to do about it? "If you cannot get Settlers here by telling them the truth about conditions that they may be prepared to meet them, it is far better not fo have them at all,'* Mr. Speakman declared. I_. H. Martel, member for Hants, ob- j served that opportunities for engaging, in a variety of occupations were much j more numerous in the Maritime pro-7 j vinces than in the prairie provinces. ) At this point Speaker I_emieu__ j intervened and informed, Mr. Marte' ! that on a motion for. adjournment o ;.ne house to _Ci5c_____ __ specific m i of urgency, the rules provided i discussion adhere strictly to the mai^ V ! in Q«*«**^ '\T7s>t™ho]® ouestie- immigration and tlfK^ati<)rj Qf aX^T grants was not before^V h ^, H- asked Mr. Martel to oonfln*^, n j to tne matter under discuss j Was Apprehensive ] Hon. Charles Stewart, acting ^isl^M > of immigration, said that last 1V_1 four ! farmers made a complete tour of Canada ' in behalf of these immigrants and derided on the Bed Beer district as the most suitable. Father McDonnell and these four men had waited on him and the department had given them every assistance. He must be frank and say that when he heard there were 400 coming at once he was somewhat apprehensive, and it would be much better to have them come at a rate of about twenty-five at a time. Much of tne dissatisfaction was caused by men outside the department who told the newcomers that they were entitled to free lands and other things. "God knows I would be delighted to place them on homesteads if I thought it was the best for them," Mr. Stewart said with emphasis. Deputy Minister's Statement (By Canadian Press) WINNIPEG, June 7.—Considering all the circumstances, excellent progress has been made in finding suitable homes ?or members of the party of Hibrideans who arrived^ in Canada recently, it was Itated here today by W. J. Black, of Ottawa, deputy minister of immigration and colonization. Mr. Black has ® 1,000,000 DEFECTIVE CHILDREN. ——;—« ._ STARTLING DISCLOSURE BY SIR GEORGE NEWMAN. ["LLOYD'S NEWS" SPECIAL,.] tThe startling statement that of 6,000.000 elementary school-children no fewer than 250,000 are seriously crippied, invalided or disabled, and no .fewer ./ia?. 1,000,000 are so physically or menially defective or diseased as to be unable to derive reasonable benefit from the education which the State provides, is made by Sir George New the7jBoard of Education> in ual re Service. ,.jtfir George maintains tho phasises the need for an _%\ training of the body from tt Sf. is sometimes said that, in th such a complete scheme. in the interest of ecorr- scheme77 lori Chief Medical Officer of on the School Medical t is preventable, and Sri- sound and practical lescence. he Slate cannot afford Sir George, " i$ that afford to neglect a complete 14 MOSTLY PREVEWML VALUE OF SYSTEMATISED PHYSICAL TRAINING. '*-" Sir George Newman remarks, in his report, that it is now widely recognised that there is no ultimate need of the State greater, more imperative, or more .urgent than that ©f securing the health and physical efficiency of the coming generation, with a view to its all-round practical education. Eight years" work on the part of the School Medical Service, he says, has brought to light a large mass of physical defect and disease, varied in character and widespread, most of it ; preventable. Not less than 3, quarter of a million children of school age are seriously crippled, invalided or 4isabled; not less than 1,000,000 children of school age are so physically ©r mentally defective or diseased as to be unable to> derive reasonable benefit from the education which the State provides. If. he says, this total figure be considered merely from a financial point of view, and quite apart from the suffering, disease,' and premature cleath entailed, it will be seen that the State is hot getting adequate return, on physical grounds alone, for a substantial part of its expenditure •n elementary education. THE TRUEST ECONOMY. Consideration of the situation, which has beconiepmore manifest as the eight years have passed, seems to indicate that tlie physical., welfare, and, in part, the education, of the child of school age is dependent in its origins upon ante-school conditions—healthy parenthood, care in infancy, a desirable home life of nurture. It is dependent in its issues upon post-school conditions — aftercare, continued physical education, • supervision "of juvenile employment, and some practical guidance in the duties of healthy and responsible' parenthoodi In other words, if we are determined to rear a health virile race of high, capacity, we hiu.p., from a physical standpoint, begin earlier and continue later than the hitherto accepted period *of education. What is needed, indeed, is an effective supervision and $, < sound, and practical traiaing. of the body from the erd of infancy to mietimes that, in the _____f__3£ay. the State cannot »^^# .*_*_>•;;■ -- — ;.l ■;. ■ . - -.., en bin 1 . 7 states bir (jreorge, is that, r^-^e interest of economy, the State cannot afford to neglect a complete scheme.''* It is satisfactory to report that a complete scheme is in process of building;. Education committees, directors, doctors, nurses, teachers, school attendance officers, and thousands of voluntary workers have built up, in a handful of years, a co-operative system of machinery on "behalf of child welfare, extending from schools for mothers and infant welfare centres, on the one hand, to juvenile employment committees and continuation classes in physical education, on the other. . There is much remaining to be done, but enough lias been achieved to indicate the direction of future progress. WHAT THE ARMY HAS DONE. Thers are now in existence upwards of 450 school clinics for the treatment of diseases of school life, and a beginning lias been inade in .covery and open-air schools. Special schools for the deaf, dumb, blind, and lame also < exist. The scheme is far from complete, but the (building has begun. And as it proceeds it becomes more evident that tlie relationship between this .medical service and the national system of education is essential and vital. Sir George emphasises that medi- tfd treatment is not the goal of «**'*_! hygiehe. Such treatment may 'be necessary for a million children at any given moment, but the other 5,000,000 require something eke, and even for the million ailing children medication is not alone sufficient. In ■'short, school hygiene falls short of its contribution if food, fresh air, physical exercise, and a healthy school environment are withheld from the child. These four elements in its upbringing call for careful, thorough, and continued supervision, if we would train it to live ■■well, for itself and the nation. Sir George Newman,lays emphasis ^0,11 the extreme value of an open- fetr life and a propec._system~o_Hp_i-y=- ,sical training. rt We have," he says,. '■'■. been the witnesses of a remarkable change in the health and vigour of the young men, who, after enlistment in the Army, have undergone, a physical discipline in the open-air. The form of that discipline would be inappropriate to the growing and plastic tissues of the child, but its character—what-might be called its physiology—is of equal importance to the child as to the man. Here, too, the organisation is ready, waiting for adoption and a powerful im- \ pulse. Every child in the State should have the full advantage of the open-air and of a systematic physical training." J U V E NIL E E M P L 0 Y M E N T. §< No one," he continues, " can, I think, study the workings of this new piece of national machinery without being impressed with its far-reaching effect. Hundreds of thousands of children have found relief, and their feet are to-day set on the high road of recovery to health and strength. They ought, with reasonable fortune, to grow up strong men and women, the healthy parents of healthy offspring. Sir George claims that the School Medical Service has given a new understanding of the child as an individual, an Understanding which cannot, in the future, fail to affect the whole scheme of its education; and that it has shown that' the 7primary fundamental of education is physical and not intellectual, and that we cannot, as a rule, obtain a 11 intellectually educated child until we have secured that, its habits of body, its senses, its natural functions and its brain - centres are healthy, trained;, and disciplined. . Sir George gives disquieting figures as to the extent of juvenile employment caused by the war. It would appear, he says, that in 1916 there were approximately 45|j00 fewer children in the age - groups eleven to twelve years and upwards on the registers of public elementary schools, than, in the light of the experience of the past ten years, would have been expected. The decrease has chiefly taken place in the age-groups 12-13, 13-14, and 14-15. This total figure refers, almost .exclusively to those legally entitled to leave school, and does not take into account the large number of children normally liable to attend school, but excused for longer or shorter periods by local education committees for agricultural and other employment, nor does it include children engaged in half-time employment. BETTER FED NOW. Inquiry had shown that on May 31 last not less than 15,000 children were so excused for the purpose of agricultural whole-time employment alone. Both these figures, the 45,000 and the 15,000, are approximate only, and, broadly speaking, it is probable that they do not fully represent the total loss, which is thus seen to be very considerable. It will be seen _.&at Sir -George Newman is optihiistic as to the future, and educationists agree that, in view of the results already achieved on the lines he suggests, his optimism is justified. There is no doubt that the measures already taken in the way of the provision of meals and medical treatment have led to an enormous improvement in the physical condition of schoolchildren, while increased' mental vigour and activity have followed naturally on the improvement of physique. The war, though at first it seemed otherwise has helped in this direction, for, with the greater material pp.sperity which it has brought" to trie great majority of the working classes, the children .have been better fed, better clothed and better shod than ever they were. Evidence of this is to be found in the feeding Londoii schools Twf> 75,000 to-day the number is bareh 10,000, which is probably the irreducible minimum of children belonging to families where the mothers are out all day. IMMENSE LOSS OF CAPITAL. Sir George's remarks with reference to juvenile employment touch upon another aspect of the educational question which is of the most vital importance to the nation. The loss in educational capital which the. nation is suffering through the war is enormous. Large numbers of youths and adults above eighteen years of age have ceased to attend school or college, either in day or evening. Youths* below eighteen years of age have largely taken up work of a less educative kind than formerly, and are no^r engaged in repetition processes which will cease to employ them when the war is over. Many day schools, which formerly retained their pupils until fifteen, are now losing them at fourteen and under. Thus, in several ways, an enormous reduction in educational capital is taking place—that is to say, in the accumulating of the knowledge and training necessary to carry on commerce and industry with success. The fact that the stress of war has provided education' of new kinds, tangible and intangible, does not seriously alter this grave result. Here is an immense loss which must, if possible, be made up immediately, and to meet it one, turns instinctively to the\ fourteens and eigh teens. Their share of national service will be to carry a greater load, if possible, of greater educational qualifications than the generation which has passed immediately in front of them. In existing circumstances this can only be done by attending evening classes, and that there is ample opportunity for this is shown by the announcement that the London County Council evening institutions will re-open for enrolment to-morrow and for instruction the A BAD DEBT? Despite the adverse circumstances of the last two years, the facilities for evening education have been greatly improved. The higher branches of commercial education, including such subjects as theory of commerce, insurance, and economics, have all received special attention. Even greater has been the attention devoted to modern languages, in connection with which generous offers of prizes have recently been made by certain employers, while technical education has also made gratifying progress. Sir James Yoxall, M.P., the secretary of the National Union of Teachers, discussing the report with a '''Lloyd's News" representative, said that the number of children withdrawn from school with the knowledge and consent of local education authorities was small compared with the far greater number illicitly at work, and winked at in that matter, in the more rural counties. " It is in the urban districts, and, I think, particularly in Lancashire, some parts of Yorkshire, and other factory districts, such as in London, that the bulk of the physically - mentally defective children exist," he said. " They are the descendants of three or four generations of factory workers. They are an unfortunate inheritance from what has been called the industrial revolution which took place at the advent of that great manufacturer, Steam. " Nothing better could be done for the physically and mentally defective children than is done for them by the arrangements of the London Education Committee and in the open-air schools and classes which have been adopted in Bradford and elsewhere. But though one would not decry whatever has been done for these little unfortunates, they must, for the most part, be written off nationally as a bad debt. "I should like to see more money and care put into the endeavours for the preservation and ■ improvement of the average child in the crowded districts of the country. It seems to 1 J.be a biological fact that children mjborn even in unfortunate surround- Jlings may be saved by improvements ii in their environment and in the phy- flsieal and mental training from j]carrying on further the degeneracy I which set in in their ancestry two or I three generations ago. That is to say ''' that practically every child, except cripples and the mentally defective, could be saved from being invalided, disabled, or diseased if home conditions were improved and if the ■State or locality could make good the defects in parental management and control. " The worst of the withdrawal of children from school for farm and j other labour during the war is that I when the war is over they will not l return to school. They will have I lost one, two, or more years of their i always too short school opportuni- \ ti°s and life. They will go what may be largely blind-alley em- j pioyment, and they, in their turn, \ will know no better than their j parents did. but will bring up their ! children on the same level and in j the same way.". "A week ago," writes a corporal '. in the A.S.C.M.T., " I dropped my j ' SwanJ Fountain Pen near the trenches in the dark. This morning I was passing that way again, and found my lost property fifty yards from where I had missed it. Appa- j rehtly a bursting shell had blown it i down the road. I have had the pen j in constant use ever since the early ' days of the war, evidence of ' Swan * excellence and utility for { soldiers at the Front." Thousands of " Swan" pens are being used by our men at the Front and in the Fleet, and, in truth, what more useful present could be sent to either soldier or sailor? Our readers would do well to ask the manufacturers, Mabie, Todd and Co., Ltd., 79 and 80, High liolborn, London,. W.C., for their free booklet giving full particulars. . The Royal Parks Band will play in Hyde Park this XSunday) afternoon from three till five o'clock, and from seven to nine in the evening. REDUCE YOUR MEAT BILL. Puddings made with ATORA Shredde<P Beet Suet are sustaining and digestible—1 lb. cartons 1/-. ..ni _ lb. cartons 6_d. with recipes—goes much further than raw Suet, _.__; your grocer 1 _o= it,—_A_vt.] - . ~. ,;.;7ap well-furnished homes as soon as their farms are pald for. Their determination, to succeed is told of in The ..Weekly. Scotsman, by .Qbarlotte Gordon who says that a visit to their settlement at Evarts, near Red Deer, Alberta, impresses the fact that, far from -their, native land, they have settled down to new conditions with a. determination to succeed* In chatting with thea women, the housewives and mothers^.they revealed their very evident pride in their culinary accomplishments. "I got a booK and learned how to make cakes," said Mrs. Neil MacLean, one of the Hebridean matrons. "A woman taught * me how to bake bread, and I bake twice a week. We all like it better than bannock now." Mr. and Mrs. MacLean, with their eight children, live on their new^rrn near Evarts. It is one of 160 acres; they have been there two years, and will threslr one hundred acjes this season. Mr. MacLean's mother, known to the family as "Granny," lives in Tied iDeerff with two of his sisters. One of the girlss who had some years bf~ experience in service in Scotland,-is now employed as a housekeeper at seventy dollars a month, Six of the eight MacLean children attend school in the district of their farin, and Mrs. MacLean states that they are;;all very fond, of their studies and Mget lots of stars at school." "At home the^ did not like the master, and would cry when I made them go to school," she stated, "but here they holler if they have to stay at home." ■ * Mrs. MacLean's husband was a sailor and fisherman in the He'b rides.' 'He was always away,; and it is good to have:him at home now, about the farm.p We feel so much more settled. About eight years ago we bought a small croft of 25 acres on the Island and kept two cows, I did the work on the place, while my husband (Continued on Page Thirty-one*) BY SILAS SALT. Glengarry, the most eastern county of Ontario, has been called the Highlands of Canada—not because* of its physical features but because of the origin of a majority of its population. Their ancestors, who settled there shortly after the surrender of Canada to the British Crown, came for the most part from the glens of Northern Scotland. Their industry and perseverance carved them out homes in the Canadian wilderness; and during the darkest days of Canadian history their loyalty and valor did much to hold this country true to British allegiance, and give it a future within the British Commonwealth. "CiROM the outset of the History ot ■ ■ Glengarry, the Macdonells have been one of its most prominent families. When, in the summer of 1792, Colonel John Graves Simcoe, the Lieutenant-Governor, organized the first Government of tipper Canada, Glengarry elected John Macdonell to the first Legislative Assembly, and when the House met at Newark, now Niagara, in September of that year, he was chosen Speaker. John Macdonell of Greenfield, Glengarry, svas Attorney-General in the Govern- nent of Sir Isaac Brock. He was Brock's right-hand man in the opening years of the War of 1812-14. .Like Brock he died on Queenston Heights, and his body rests beside that of Brock in the vault of the monument that marks the scene of the British-Canadian victory. A military achievement of another of these famous Macdonells of Glengarry is briefly _■«!_.leuThere. When the war of 1812-14 came on, the Glengarry Fencibles were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonell, "Red George" as he was commonly called by his neighbors, and as he came to be known in the service. During the summer of 1813 two American armies of invasion were organized. Gne, under Wilkinson, Was to come down the bank of tbe St. Lawrence; the other, under Hampton, was to advance northward from Plattsburg on Lake Champlain. The two armies were to join forces at the head of the Island of Montreal, and then capture the city. Hampton at first attempted to reach the St. Lawrence by following the west bank of the Richelieu, and then striking across country by way of Lacadie to Laprairie; but finding the road a short distance beyond Lacolle barricaded and almost impassable, as it ran for some distance through a swamp* he turned to the west until he reached the upper waters of the Chateauguay River, Then he turned to the north and followed the bank of the river across Huntingdon county and into Chateauguay. Hampton's army numbered from 6,000 to 7,500 men. Hampton's plan fs made clear. He intended following the Chateauguay River down to its mouth where it empties into Lake St. Louis, an expansion of the St. Lawrence, about ten miles above Montreal, and there join forces with Wilkinson who was to follow the St. Lawrence down s from Lake Ontario. Between Hampton and Lake St. Louis was a small Canadian force commanded by Gen- I era! De Watteville; but at the Can adian front was Major De Salaberry withi 800 men—' Near the hamlet now known as Allen's Corners, and a short distance below the junction o? the Chateauguay and the smaller dutard River, De Salaberry placed his small force across the path that Hampton must follow, if he continued his march northward Sir George Prevost, the commander-in-chief of the British-Canadian forces during the last two years of the war, was at Kingston when he learned of Hampton's entry into Canada. At Kingston was also Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonell in command of the regiment recently formed of the flank companies of the French-Canadian militia and which had been sent to Kingston to be completely organized. The regiment all told consisted of 600 men. Sending for Macdonell Prevost asked him if his men were fit to proceed to Chateauguay, and if so, how soon they could set out. They were fit, replied Macdonell, and would be ready to start as soon as. they had eaten their dinner. Macdonell was, therefore, ordered to lead his men at once to Chateauguay. # * ^v TflORTUNATELY, there was in the •*- Kingston harbor a number of bateaux and other small river craft. Provisions were hurriedly collected and put on board, and pilots were found who knew the difficult and dangerous channels through the Long Sault and other rapids of the Upper St. Lawrence. A number of Wilkinson's armed> schooners were then below Kingston and at a number of points on the ^American shore were guns.aas.4-,- infantry stationed for the very purpose of preventing a Canadian force moving up or down the river. Macdonell's little flotilla, therefore, threaded its way with all possible care through the channels of the Thousand Islands, and throughout the journey hugged the Canadian bank as closely as possible. * « * WITHOUT losing a man or a piece of baggage, the flotilla, on the evening of October 24, reached Beau- harnois, a town on the south bank of the St. Lawrence, in Lower Canada, and then the principal place in the Chateauguay district. The force at once disembarked!* and without a moment's delay set out on its march to De Salaberry's outposts, then expecting attack at any moment. The journey from Kingston to Chateauguay—170 miles by water, and 20 miles by land through the backwoods—had been made in exactly 60 hours. . With relays of horses at his service, Prevost had ridden down from Kingston, but he did not reach the Chateauguay front until some time after the arrival of Macdonell's men. Riding up to the camp, the first person Prevost met was Macdonell himself. "And where are your men?" asked Prevost, surprised to find Macdonell there ahead of himself, but fearing that he had come alone. "There are my men, every one of them, who left Kingston with me," replied Macdonell, as he pointed with pride to the six hundred Weary men sleeping on the ground near where he was standing. Not one was missing. SXN the following day, October 26, " 1813, was fought the battle of Chateauguay, and to which, not without considerable reason, is sometimes given the name, the Thermopylae of Lower Canada. The story of that battle is too well known to call for repetition in detail. Hampton advanced his army in two columns. One column, under Purdy, crossed to the south, or right bank $f .the---*!ve?\ fcr tho' purpose of passing down through the woods, which covered the country on that side, to a ford in De Salaberry's rear To check this advance of the enemy, De Salaberry had with him, after the arrival of the Macdonell men, 900 militia and about 50 Indians. He was without artillery of any kind, and also without cavalry. The men composing De Salaberry's front line numbered only 300. They were drawn up in extended order and were commanded by De Sala berry himself. Attacked by a column 4,000 strong supported by artillery and cavalry, they gave way and were driven back half a mile. Seizing a boy bugler and holding him by the collai*, De Salaberry ordered the boy to sound the advance. The sec- ^ ond line of defence consisted of Mac- donell's men. Hearing the bugle, Macdonell's interpreted it as a demand for support. He at once caused his buglers to sound the advance and his men to cheer lustily so as to restore the confidence of the first line. H> 9_ V .' "TVJACDONELL writes Kingsford in his account of the battle, "also sent into the woods his buglers, with orders to separate and to continue sounding with all their powers." The little band of Indians now came up and set up their war- whoop. The bugle-calls, the cheers and the yells of the Indians convey* ed to Izard the idea that he was opposed by a large force. - Izard halted his column. To halt was to court defeat, and soon his men broke and fled. The Voltiguers returned to their old position and poured into the retreating column a vigorous fire. The frontal attack had failed and De Salaberry still barred the way. The flank movement met with a similar defeat. After scattering a small outpost Purdy, thinking that his surprise was certain, made for the ford, but as he approached he was met by a well-directed fire from the Macdonell men posted there which checked the advance of the column. The bugles and the shout- m«>* »"i?^ c?'™.s*vd Pf^rdy tc bplkprc V- he was confronted by a large.force, Purdy soon fell back. The whole American force now retreated, and Hampton led his defeated army back to Plattsburg, N. Y., -where it went into winter-quarters. The battle of Chateauguay had been lost and won. # - % %> WILKINSON was defeated at Chrysler's Farm on the north bank of the St. Lawrence, a few miles above Cornwall, Ont. Montreal was saved from attack. iruj avjuj jjMmj- ttLaA^ toJl JJl^ HOLTS MOUNTAIN CREAM is the BEST buy/ Imported ScotclifVhislu, \% 1 ri)H'E flLXN J)Oi¥ALJ) COLO Nf. SIXTY PAMILIKS WANTED: 'A CATHOLIC SE_7TI.15MBNT SCBMME. lb will be of interest to our -•readers to know that a scheme of laud settlement in Alberta has been completed] toy the efforts of the Scottish Immigrant. Aid Society, in conjunction wiUto the OpS. 'Settlement Goimimattee and tbe Canadian! Pacific Eiailway,-wihicih is unique in jnauy of its aspects. The .SeLtlement is named " The Clan Donald " Colony. Its first settle-., are mostly from tho Hebrides and the Ilig'hilaoids of Scotland, from the ancient territories of tihe Macdoaaiald, 'Lords1 of the Isles. Besides these, there tare some settlers from the Lowlands of Scotland and from Ulster. A large tract of _______ in Northern Get. fcr al Alberta -has been acquired. It &_? to be divided into a, number of units for the (settlement of farmers, crofters, or- experienced farm hands from the United Kingdom. The land is suitable for grain and mixed farming, and ie to be sold at a price to the incoming settler that makes for -assured success. By a istix>ke of good fortune this tract of land was .securedPat a price that allows the Society to isell it at am average price of five I dollar© an acre-. | A new cottage and a. stable barn of simple ! construction are being built on each farm at | the price of 700 dollars, and financial assist* . ance to the extent of another 1000 dollars j £200) will be advanced for; the .purpose of buy- — ing stock and1 equipment, viz., horses, v. wa • .land implements, enabling the settlers' to get j a good .start. Excellent terms will be allowed for [repay-. -&• j ment of the above monies. For the land, the .. settler will be allowed to extend1 Oris payments { over a period of thirty years. The repayment j of buildings and: stool, equipment will be .8.1 extended over 12 to 15 years. j Taking the price of land into consideration, ! seldom or never has sueih an opportunity been J offered1 to settlers from the United Kingdom. ! It is most unlikely that a second opportunity ' of a like kind will ever occur again. The extent of ..his t^act of land is 30,000 acres. The Society intends to settie thereon no more than 100 families, allowing each family a farm unit of not less than 160 acre., i I at the price and with the assistance already j mentioned'. j There are forty families now in Canada ■i waiting for the spring to move on to their | new farms. There are places, therefore, for 1 only sixty more settlers. The»s.'.will be care- ! fully selected, and none 'but good and exp ari- ] enced men need apply. i Catholic farmers, crofters or experienced ! faipu workers w'ho are anxious to settle in I Canada under conditions where, with ooura .e land hard work, they arc assured of success, pmaiy Writei (as per -advertisement in this ip£ue. j to 'the Eev. Pather (lalfaucher, who rcp're- j sents lie v.. Andew MacDonnell,.. O.S.B., IVJ70.. j managing director of the Scottish Immigrant • Ai cl Society. i leather .MacDonfell, who (returns to ! British Isles Shortly, will need t:> so 3 and I investigate each case. iNo one wllf.be accepted for this Clan Donald Colony until, he has Peen personally interviewed and 'gi\en satis- etory guarantees of ibis ability to maka Mi. 7 .♦ ST JOHN'S Y.L.S. Hoch, Der Kaiser! Der Kaiser auf der Vaterland Und Gott on high all dings command— tVe two, Aeh! Don 'd you understand ? Meinself—und Gott! He reigns in heafen, und always shall 5 Und mem own empire dond vay small. Ein noble hair, I dinks you call Meinself—und Gottl Vile, some men sing der power divine, Mine soldiers sing i' Die Waeht am Rhine.,'' Und drink der health in! Rheinisch wine Of me—und Gott! Dere's France, she swaggers all around; She's ausgespielt— dot'& 'oud. To much, methink, she (Jon't, amount. ~ Meinself—und Gott! . ..p-.y "; ^fc:';:' . She . will: not .'dare to fight again, • But if she shouldn't I'll show her blain . Dot Elsass and; (in French) Lorraine Are meiri—by Gott! Dere's grandma dinks she is nicht small beer; Midt Boers und 'such she'd interfere. She'll learn none owns dis hemisphere But me—und Gott! She dinks, good frau, some ships she's got, Und soldiers midt der scarlet goat. Aeh! We could knock dem—pouf! like dot Meinself—midt Gott! In dimes of peace brebare for wars. I bear der spear und helm of Mars Una care not for den tousand ezars, Meinself—und Gott! In fact, I humor efry vhim "With aspect dark und visage grim; Gott pulls mit me und I mit Him, Meinself—und Gott! %"] Ia^jo^^_J^ tc}2< Si: amities Wanted FOI Cha Bonsdd Colony IN WESTERN CANADA. 30,000 aeres of finest land, DIVIDED INTO . 160 AGE1 FARMS COMPLETE WITH COTTAGES and BARMS. 'Ready for immediate occupation. All Colonists will be placed near Church .and School. . A magnificent opportunity for the farmer and crofter. Only experienced and .suitable farmers will be accepted. Reduced fares : free passages for children aindier 17 years. Passage money loaned sandier certain conditions to approved familLes. Party to sail from Belfast at <ei_d of April. Father MacDonell will be in Northern Ireland on a_id after 29th March and will interview applicants at their homes. Immediate application should be made to Rev. A. MacDonell, O.S.B., c/o C.P.R., 41/43, Victoria Street, Belfast, or to any Canadian Pacific Agent. EDMONTON JOURNAL. MISTAKEN IDEA OF PRE WIS (Continued from Page One) : for the exodus on a larger scale than was justified at the time. Large announcements as to the company's plans for settlement and easy terms tor repayment got over to the Hebrides; in fact, those promoting the emigration seheme were very favorably taken with the plan and it possibly resulted in a speeding up of recruiting. "I was certainly \evy favorably impressed with the Colonization company's plan and it looked good," said one of the promoters of Hebridean emigration on Thursday. While steps had been tafcen to keep in touch with the colonization association, nothing much had been accomplished and other action had to be resorted to. Set Sail for Canada Receiving assurances by letter and verbally from Father .Macintyre, _ama fifty families sold their holdings and mh.de read^y to set sail for Canada. Many of them were crofters operating pn small farms of from ten to twenty acres which were leased. Some had two and three cows and as many as forty head of sheep which were sold. The proceeds were added to earnings and as a result some accumulated $500, while others had less and some more. One man is said to possess $5,000. "Is it correct that there was a rush to sell out?" asked the reporter. "Why, the whole of Scotland was invited." shot back one hardy looking "Mac." Became An Epidemic that the price offered at one time was $75,000. Many War Veterans There are twenty-five men in the party who have military service to their credit and these are being placed by the soldier settlement board as rapidly as possible. Some of these men have come from the east and have farming service to their credit, while others have been in the mercantile service and are awaiting word as to whether that will count to their credit in. securing places under the soldier settlement board. Another factor that has also resulted in some delay in getting the families settled is that they arrived here too late for the seeding operations on farms. Consequently there was little for farmers to offer in the way of employment although a number have been placed. Different to Ontario At one time there was a hope that some farmers would be willing to take a Hebridean and his family, at least for some months until he could, get a start on his own farm. But it was found that conditions here were different to Ontario, where there are extra cottages on farm© and required accommodation available for the families of farm help. It is now understood that the group idea of settling these immigrants'is being put into ^effect. Already several have been placed in the Ohaton district, some more near Camrose ~-©_nd ethers west of Red Peer. On Thursday saver- of the Hebrideans looked over an extensive area near Amamlbra where possi*- •biy forty families oouia itre settred, Tther are a _. umiber of Finns And Russians i\ that district who are -.esirous <rf re* turning to the old country end &re talking cif disposing of their Improved bold- ings. It is therefore possible $h&t a deal will <be made. Prices Are Reasonable After looking over that 'land the Hebrideans expressed satisfaction with it, ot the Receiving Intyi From information gathered at other sources, it appears that two or three hoisted "for sale" signs and the moy__k ment was soon in epidemic form,,-' "Why, it could just as eai "' been 1.000 as 300," said It appears that there J made to restrict the first contingent, ^^o^f * Goncerned> embaykin^rs from ^th_v M^ ■ning fine prospects in Ine Hebrideans concluded that they should not delay any longer in making the trip. "Would you rather be back in the Hebrides?" one woman was asked. "Why, we have too much pride to go back," she replied. "We have sold out all we had, so what is there to go back to? No, we are going to stay here and we want to get located." Taking Plowing Lessons Arriving at the industrial farm, the reporter found several of the newcomers engaged at plowing lessons, although some admitted that it was more for exercise than education, as they had long training in this work at home. However, they guided the plow through the stubble with the finish of experts Angus MeLeod was one of the first interviewed. He said that the party was Wring of waiting for places, besides emg misinformed as to what they ere to receive. Oh. account of his disjoin tment, he had not written home i weuld nof do so until ha was* per- patently located. He had not secured v; place yet, although he had looked at j several. One reason for refusing ' to i take some land offered was that the ' interest rate would make it too heavy a burden for a farmer to carry. This was particularly so in the case of one $5,000 farm that he had looked at, because in buying it he would be undertaking an obligation that would take years to discharge. "If we pay several hundred dollars down for a farm, there will be nothing left to get along with," safd another. ' Want to Get Located Several expressed the opinion that Alberta looked good as a farming country and there appeared to be lots of land. But they wanted to get located. It was nearly two months since they had left Scotland and they had feit! certain of being on new holdings by j now. "We did not come out here to] idle away our time," said one woman. Free homesteads appeal to quite a number of the immigrants,.for they believe that if a number can settle in one community, assistance can he exchanged and some progress made. While they at first had the desire to all settle in a colony, that has been "scrapped" to a good extent, and if a group scheme can be worked out there is no doub* that they will be satisfied to a considerable extent. Faced with the necessity of pioneering, they are prepared to make the best of it, while rather regretful that they did not have a clear idea of what they were to receive in lands before they quit the Hebrides. Await Word From Ottawa On Thursday, there were one hundred and thirty-five children, with ninety men and twenty-five women, at the industrial farm. Some of these men had made selections of farms and w^ere awaiting word from Ottawa concerning their qualifications for soldier settlement board lands. Sturdy looking youngsters, ranging in age from four to nine - yearsr- plaved about the farm and made the welkin ring with their childish shouts. While talking in Gaelic, they showed knowledge of English, which is spoken fluently by some of their parents. There has been some sickness' since the party arrived, while one young boy died recently of pneumonia At present there, are three measles cases and two chicken pox, which are isolated. It was stated that the patients suffering with measles came from ' Winnipeg. On the whole the party appeared to be quite healthy and of the hardy type j which has made the Hebrides famous ! There has been little sickness since the party left their former homes. Are Well Treated "We have been well treated' since coming to the farm," said McNeil Joiner. "The accommodation is good and there is plenty of good food. There is no complaint at atfl in that respect." Mr. Joiner, who is a carpenter by trade, said that the clothing and shoes were sufficient for the summer, but they were not prepared for winter conditions yet. He and others were wearing suits from homespun, made by their wives, which were of a quality to challenge Alberta winters. Just Matter of Time Father R. A. MacDonell, who is in charge of the settling of the newcomers in this country, says that he is greatly encouraged by the progress made, despite certain unforeseen delays. Hy feels certain that within a short time all will be located and if present plans are successfully carried out, all but eight or nine families will be settled within a few days. Various factors have contributed to the delay in getting the Hehrideans settled, so it was learned on Thursday. One point is that original plans were for twenty families to be sent out first and these would have been placed without difficulty. Insteaa, fifty families came and it is fortunate that that number was not doubled. Then, negotiations were opened in order to secure a large tract of land, composed of some forty quarter sections near Innisfree. This land was involved in a court action and as a result of various nemi&at&ons which ultimately fell threrugS, there was a delay of two weeks. It is understood while prices were not considered out of the way. Further negotiations are e^ pected to take place, as purchase of the land on a wholesale scale would be involved. _&F? Opinions exra_»ssea by those who are promoting Uf__f emigration is that these people wilpoe a- great deal 'better off in this country. In their home land many were on the verge of poverty and that 0m many to seek new homes in the west. There was also the fact that „ they would he with their children that McLec.) | .also actuated themptj^^g^u^temizing o attem^ I plan. ""i>"^^^^^__^ n-ber of tfeSj in the settling of these people, the sol- action artier settlement board has done a lot oi ^jword,' says* Father MaoDonell, while the^^p,p]e 0£ Ren; Deer have also reiv dered^lteaendid assistance. The boay has beerP^aeing civilians on lands, JUg well as ex^l^y^e men„ and has given most attractirvlfc^te;rms. Arnva^ith $14 A case is cited whit* man and/family, without funds, w«5^p_ace4/ <>n a farm and given a start.^feat/man is said to have arrived in the oikm.try with but $14. One difficulty met with in settling men on the soldier settlement boa.d fartms is that it is hard to explain to them that a re-appraisal willtbe made. They assume that the figure now given is the final price and consequently make deductions that are -erroneous. "These men can only think in Gaelic. | What is stated aa a possibility appeals to them only as a fact," said one who is closely in touch with them* It is pointed out that this lprobably accounted for them hastily or .too broadly accepting information as to future prospects in this country. Generous treatment accorded by the soldier settlement board should get quite a number of the men in -gtuaflj shape fcr next season'® operations, it is felt. Get Ready for Winter They will be in a position to do some gardening this year and make their houses ready for winter. A number wi] be on leased farms and in order to give every opportunity for them to carry on operations successfully, one third- of the crop usually required wltl not be asked for. Officials of the settlement board state that there is no desire to "hold up' the newcomers but rather to gfve them most generous conditions. It is pointed out that the board had nothing whatever to do with bringing in these settlers but when called upon, it used every possible endeavor to get the men established. Some reports as to charging $30 an acre for land are eteelared to be unfounded while it is emphatically stated that purchases are to be based, on present agricultural values. Therefore, no regard will be paid as to what was paid for land some time ago. Wiil Produce Homespun Some of the women have brought their wheels along and it is likely that they will be producing homespun if wool can be secured. Those interested in the emigrating of these people feel that there are bright prospects for this industry, providing that wool and dye can be secured. Many of the men are wearing suits made by their wives and they look to have material that will wear for a lengthy period. One man was wearing a suit on Thursday that he expected would last three years, even if he is faced with the necessity of homestead- ing on a vigorous scale. It is said that there are 6,000 Hebrideans who were willing to come to Alberta. They are waiting word from the first contingent. On that decision rests the future of a fine type of British colonists. With the first 300 happily settled there is no doubt that new progress for Alberta in <pt agricultural and industrial way will tye ensured.^ £NES IN THE HEBRIDES: THE ISLANDS OF SORROW^ left shows the location - of islands off the north coast of Scotland, which are be-. nation, pit the top right is Lord I_everl_ulme, the soap king, who owns the Isle j the centre are: Top, Storno way ■ Bay with a view of the town and castle. Centre^ id a cotter's home. Bottom, the waterfront) Stornoway. / dion't get enough rain he. this year, of course), where existence was eked out off a few acres of soil thinly spread over primitive rock; where peat was fuel and food was oatmeal and herrings. They are therefore the thriftiest of the thrifty and may prove a first-class *■ example in this respect to other parts of the country. It win be a long, long time before there are pianos, autos and radios in the Hebridean settlements. Interested in the Schools The last, paragraph must be reserved for the children. It is on them that the future success of the colony mainly depends. Th.ere are seven families in the colony visited. Between them they have somewhere close to 50 youngsters. Most of them were at school when the. writer was around. They have swamped the little red school house, but the elder and younger around the farms cer- o o o o ilEFINSPECTOR S.S. B. IS GIVEN CI APPOINTMENT L. B. Boyd Has Charge of Immigration, Colonization Across the Border I_. B. Boydi, one of the leading officials of the soldier settlement board and who was chief inspector of bra.nches and had his offices in the S.S.B. building at Edmonton, has been appointed head of immigration and colonization in the United States for the Canadian National railways. Mr. Boyd terminated his appointment with the S.S.B. at the end of 1923 and left Edmonton a few days Rrior to the commencement of the new year to take up his duties on January 1 at St Paul, Minn. Though having his office at Edimon- ton, Mr. Boyd was not very often in the city during his last months with the S.S.B., as his position of chief of branches kept him continuously on the move. He. was welLk^oWiL^ixi.V).e city, however, k& he had been at one time (superintendent of the Edmonton branch of the S.S.B. Regina and Prince Albert offices of the S.S.B. were also branches of the organization of which he ha<! been superintendent at one time or another, and he therefore gained valuable experience in the settlement of newcomers to the dominion. At present It ig not known whether his position will be filled again, as changes are taking place in the organization of the S.S.B., which will necessitate a distinct reshuffling. NEWHEBRIDEAN SETTLERS BRING REQUIRED FUNDS Increased Immigration Expected By Reorganized S. S. B. Service "Cooperation" is to be the watchword of the immigration authorities for 1924, according to instructions sent out to j the various branches of the department of immigration and colonization for the dominion. The Edmonton branch of the Soldier Settlement Board of Canada is now a part of the department, and the organization will probably take on the title of federal land settlement board in the near future. Major H. Gordon, in charge of the Edmonton branch of the board, states that collaboration with railways, hoards of trade and. communities is to be a strong point in this year's work in order to cope with the enormous tide of immigration that is coming. In the words of the Edmonton superintendent, a "deluge of immigration" is expected this , year and all departments of the- board are busily preparing for the influx. A great deal of work will naturally take place and much organization work is being undertaken. Readjustments of staff will be necessary and some two or three departments will drop out, with the idea of contralizing work. "The ^busiest days of 1919, when the Office was stampeded, will be nothing to what will take place during the next season,'* declared the superintendent, and he has ambushed himself against future possibilities in a little inner office in a remote part of the building. District Organizers District superintendents are to play a great part in the placing and general settlement of the 1924 immigrants. Their duties will be to work up a community spirit in the various districs int which the new citizens are placed, and it is Up to them to get into close touch wit hthe boards of trade, in the many districs in order that the collaboration work may so on unhindered. The railways are extending their colonization efforts particularly in Great Britain and the nUited States, says Major Gordon, and the department must do everything possible to help. Many more Hebrideans are expected this year. Father Macdonnell, who was responsible for bringing over many families last year, was in Edmonton only a few days ago visiting the S.S.B. superintendent and stated that he was sending out 150 more families in the spring. All these are to come to Alberta on account of the success in which the last lot were disposed of through the efforts of the Edmonton branch of the S.S.Z. Sufficient Funds "It will be a different proposition to settling those of last year," said Major Gordon, when drawing attention to .he tact that the new Hibrideans will have between $1000 and $1500 each while the last oarty had Efcacticallv. p« thins:. NEW PROGRAM OF COOPERATION TO LOCATE SETTLERS Immigration Department and Soldiers Settlement Board to Work Together (Special to Edmonton Journal) OTTAWA, Jan. 17.—^Further details are being worked out for cooperation between the immigration department and the soldiers' settlement board and a new program wi'M shortly be announced. The general idea as that the board will perform tihe same function in the location of new immigrants as it has performed satisfactorily -In the location of ex-service men. The plans of the department Contemplate bringing over as many farm settlers as possible and while assistance cannot be given in a financial way heflip can be given in the choice of suitable land and in seeing that it is secured. At a fair valuation, due regard is to be had to the desirability of locating as close as possible to the railways. The board is now engaged in a survey of the'counitry to locate available lands and allso to ascertain where farm help is needed. After a few months' experience it is believed many of the newcomers will set up in farming for themselves. A staff of 150 men are employed by the board in this field work which is directed by supervising offices. There are three in Saskatchewan, two in Manitoba, two in British CoTum'bia and one in each of the other provinces. "*?T_?»-TAT? fTiO ^ 1 TA1 BULLETIF - Jiine 9th. 1. ng the Hebrideans &*( Well Content," Say the Men from the Scottish ^ slands — "For a Very Good Reason," Say Those Who Have Seen the Lengths to Which Canada Is Going to Satisfy the Forerunners of Thousands Which May Follow By A. de H, SMITH 1 hat the Hebrideans are toeing settled on Alberta Hands suited to their needs, . and that they are thoroughly satisfied with the efforts expended on their behalf must be patent to any disinterested observer, who ..as witnessed the process. Mulch water has run under 'bridges and useless and misleading talk has been 'broadcasted since the islanders arrived at Red Deer, 'but through the maze elf conflicting statements there shines forth the soldd facts that they are be.mg rapidly settled sand are .satisfied wuth what is'beimg done for Hi era. A Real Welcome • before did /any newcomers Dominion receive such uni- Lsisiistance as the dslanders, xOse who homesteaded in Ax'oerta in the years ^jone Iby oan only gaze in oipen mouthed amazement at the efforts whUich are 'being expended to satisfy these me«n. who are possibly the fore-runners of many thousands from northern Scottish main land and the islands. These men know nothing of the difficulties and disappointments which beset the settlers in the north during the past .seventeen years. Then 'by applying at the land office, thft (would be farmer received a rn!>na!ture map ot_ the north, and blindly sett out to loaaite a farm in a thousand 'square miles of wilder* nes®. He drove his oxen through the narrow (twistintg trails, or forced his pony through the bush, sipyiing oult land, and if he did succeed in locating a suitable quarter section it was \by his own effort only. Consider tlie Homesteader Messieurs les Homesteaders,, con* sdder the Islanders! The first procedure is that certain salvaged land., owned) by Jtihe {Soldier iSett'lemene Board fare offered and advised by the officials. Next, Father R. A. McDonell, Major !H. Gordon, superintendent of the 0.S.B., and (D. E. Oonroy, representing the Minister of the Interior visit the farms and pass oki their suitability. Then the\:_landers are taken to. view their fulture homes; the advantages and diisad- Vantages are explained to them at length, and Itf they are satisfied Jthey are &old the farms on long time, and assisted with .machinery, teams ar.d equipment, Following this, the field supervisors of the »S.IS.B. remain With them or visit 'them at frequent intervals. They tell them what to plant had to do it, and <laot as flaCriy godifathers in general. Could Canada >d'o more? On Thursday, to discover firsts hand what is actually toeing done in the settling of the islanders, the waiter travelled out to Westlock, where for two days iprevSonsily five of the Heibrideanis had (been taken throughout the district inspecting the various farmers. Three cars belonging to the S-.'S.B were lait their service as well as the advice of J. A. M.lligan, C. IS. ;!Bear and JE\ _U Walker of the board. > Going Out The party from Edmonton Included leather iMeCDonell, Major Gordon and J. Gallegher of the !S;S.B. and Mr. Conroy, and as the government Ford fled over the smooth north road other diays .and other modes were brought back to memory. Over this same trail, we Who settled the north ifroim 51905 onwards, had "punched'* onr ^bull teams through the morasses which then wese destg nated in courtesy as "roiaids;" we had cleared the brush, laid the eordenoy, and cjlisared .the path for those to follow. And so the Hitorideanis can travel Iby auto to 'their new found farms ■Small wonder that they.are satisfied! Travelling out I had the opportunity of a lengthy confab with Fajtlher McDonell, the mainspring of the new _mmigT.at'ion_ Aside tfrom his calling the cleric is a man of pants; a 'farmer of many years standing, and well kr_own .'to those who served in France, a,s ipadre of the 7'2nd Vancouver battalion. There as here he was always with^the advance party; he does not like re- mainl___g at the base and issuing orders, but can Vaiways Ibe found in the front line. The quiile little clergytman, scpeak- 'lng the ipure English of Inverness Is furthermore (posteesed-'iof a broad mind, and though the majority of his immigrants are of the Catholic faith, he appears to think that Protestants fcan farm too, and he m endeavoring to imake arrangements with a Presbyterian confrere to conduct parties Oif Hebrideans from the northern Elands, where the Protestants are Sn the majority. Fifty Families The fa/tiner had .made arrangements in Scotland for-twenty families to come lout to Alberta this year; font fifty arrived, which added to the difficulty of the situation. They insisted on all Ibeimg located together, land mudh time was used in the enldeiaver to accomplish this. To locate them dn thilg manner a large area of land1 had of necessity toi be secured, and endeavor was made to purchase several! ranches for the purpose, but after Jmuch negotiation It was found dmjpossible, and it was .recognized that the islanders would "have to jscaitter. Many of them possessed ivery slender means; all of them were Hand hungry, and after a Me o»f living" on other men's farms their one idea was tosget on to their own property and gelt there in a hurry. An Admission Father MciDonell admitted frankly that there was dis-illusidnment, but after a few weeks tihe settlers recognized that it were toetterAo go slow in the selecting of a permanent home, that: rush In on Hand which when the ^newness of ownershfiip had Worn off, and the glamor of being landowners had disappeared, might be disoippointing. Arriving at West lock, we found the islanders at the hotel waiting; a quiet group ;of homestpun clad Highlandiers suddenly whisked from the routine oif thefrr 'simple lives in thie* northern islands to be run hither a»r7d) yon by distance eating motors rather amazed and 'their minds overly crowded with facts, figures, sights and scenes totally strange to them. With iwestern imipetuosity we 'poured from the cars and assailed the imm*igrantl3. Did thiey like tlie land, had they made up their minds with, a (dozen other questions _.U _fdr8;J; at them in the same breath. 1 ■th.-e ''men (from tihe north were dis- tinictly non-commitai, however, and not until [the fciigure of the li.tle clergyman appeared did they odmit anything one way or another. Once Father MciDonell joined ibhe group, though the scene was ^changed; a torrent of Gaelic poured forth, and after half an hour of rapid fire conversation the cleric announced that, 'the men had selected] their ferms, were satisfied with them, and anxious to complete all formalities and get to work. (Separation Disliked The onily drawback apparent was the fact that Angus would be two miles from Roderick, and Alex pushed still further into the unknown. They /disliked the separation, accustomed as they are to the system in vogue on their native islands, and to(.the deep rooted clar* spirit which still .pertains in their homeland. '"Alt right, let's go and) see what you [have picked out" siadd IMajor Gordon "and j rem ember this, don't take any place yout do^not like; there is plenty of iland and we'll get you what you want." So to the oars again and off. 1 travelled wi(th a party 'oif the .slanders 'to discover H possible what they thought of the whole matter, and found them satisfied in the main but fearful of the leib't burden which they are shouldering and with a recognit.i;cfn of the "act that their farms must be paid !or out of their own effort. They have no allusion that they ire getting something. for .'nothing, which is welil; they know what hard work means from youth onwards, and from iwhat the writer icould gather thedr mental attitude is attuned 'to the situation. The whole l.___tter ha_? been explained -and re-ex ■oiained. to them by Father MdDoneill th_. r»f.r - trom ia !personal know- lurnedl^he north- hard; of recent years >'t ha» case .of almost pi-epetuafi; rati flood's. The lowlands on whit. crops were planted were ; out. Nothing but (potatoes, i other hardy igirains mature,^, the winds sweeping Hn. from 1 antic nothing but the hardh Vive. There are no strees o •islands, and to the men fr< north the sheiter belts of ipop spruce dn the- Westllock distri< an instant appeal, and gre their amazement to see the carpeted with strawberry pla to learn ttttiat lin the bush th- wife can obtain sufficient 't put up jam for the year roi fear the winter though, a a desperate hurry to tprejpi' as accustomed to the fog, b and keen damp of the isi., as yet cannot understand 7 those who 'Can weather sui( below has no terrors. The farms chosen for tht ers by the S.S.B'are sole " View to moderate pric su fficie nt bui Id ings an ments to make an !ilm.i' possible. Tho.^five head; who located %p 'nhuirsy^,^,,.^^ Within a six m."l'e raddous of"^f lock, and the perpetuall quest! "How >far i^ it.lo a soilo^l" solved to the satissfactiion of th migrants in every instance. are all men with families, and every -'(father the thought of a*c appeared uip'permost \n their mind- The Spinal Word The jfirst farm viisitef. was; th_. chosen by Angus Mclntyre and cor - sisted1 of 50 acres ibroken'SaJT^o^ ings, and on a main. road. Tit been ch<asen and pasised on by S.9B supervisors, Angus liked it. Gonroy, Major Gordon and the of us all declared Lit suitable, not until Father MiaDonell igive fdnall word dl-d his islander definV abandon ;htis dlemeanor of doubt, decide that this was to be his h for all time. As with Mr. M.dntyr* so with the rest'.of the five with on, exception. Roderick MaicIDonald picked on ft low lying quarter with a light.,.soil; apparently a cheap farm, which was! the ddea which (prompted the a?election despite the .advice of ifche 8.S B men, and Roderick clu»r_g to his idea, until a flow oif Gallic expostulation from Father Me£Donel_ cleared the maftter up and he appeared mtis; fied to abide^by the decision of th< clerical farmer. Judgment -Snidofssecl All the otb^pps chd^tfi well, judgment being endorsed to- party. Kach took a weill dmjp quarter section, with t^e ^*" of Neill Mic*Neill who in half section a large which was brush. Neif bi'ig sons, and he inte? them, ltoose in the *brus] he has enough land to, crotp this year, some ®m. and a cheap {farm. In € ed some 60 mi'les^by c, day afternoon, and befo ed back at iWestlock a had been made with i some ^.n&tanee to plow landers. Fach will to patch and some igreen f son at any rate, and t vote the rest of th.e yea_f 'to fallowing their farmB^in i tion Jf-or an honest-to-igco-dn' culturaii effort next year. Thursday evening, with a hu/; and sixty miles to* our credit f o; afternoon, ar.d no doubt cram the arms of "Patsy" G_a_egheP hustled .the Ford throughout t>l tertainment, we returned to th'; i.father MciDonell and his islfe went back to Red tDeer so ths .settlers miight comirnenc^ movi^ their families and ihousehodd'g to their new ihomee, whtle 'the p would once more take tibe4>ue!7 to find homes for tho Ibiilance flock. Heady fox* More Half of them are nojw set' their siatisffaotdon thank ■• tar. the efforts on their |b' Soldier Settlemenlt Boai cate many hundreds wj cdlity. The is. lander® th not saying much, whlat nour.ee is pithy, to th common sense, and the? agindng vain thdnigis. Gilbert Mcl_el_ajn sum<r vj..ews ' 'We hlav^ igo)t f : to pay for our far Lfeeli] there are m/ v,-ij7L tP'^drf, ^r^Ld of the 1 r-^ose hv on to make CANADIAN MARRIAGES AND ENGAGEMENTS. ji The marriage was very quietly solemnised in Montreal on Wednesday of last week of the Earl of Haddington and Sarah Cook, youngest daughter of Mr. G. W. Cook, of Westmount, and sister of the Countess of Minto.' Mr. Cook gave his daughter away, and the bride was attended by her sister, Miss Audrey Cook. The Earl of Minto was best man. Only near relatives and friends of the bride and bridegroom attended the wedding, which took place in the Roman Catholic Archbishop's Palace. After the ceremony Lord and Lady Haddington left for East Hampton, Long Island. They will also spend some time in New York and Montreal, says a Times telegram, before proceeding to Scotland. a. xt^..^u u^v Ontario, the marriage has taken place of TILE EDMONTON J OU.i-TAL, _V__.IL 11, 1924. ^O HEBRIDEANS IN ALBERTA; COME TO CITY TODAY Party of 130 Stay at Red Deer; 170 Come Here ALL ARE FILLED WITH NEW HOPES Every Care Taken to Look After Arrivals at Red Deer (Sr>.u to Kdriioiitoa ... or na.1) RED DEER, April II—Of the party of 300 Hebrideans under charge of Father Macdonnell and Father McMillan, one hundred and thirty will reach Red Deer about two, o'clock this afternoon, coming on a special train by C.P.R. via Calgary. The rest go on to Edmonton. The party for Red Deer comprises-fourteen families eight of whom will be taken to farms provided for them, six going to the industrial school homes. There are twenty-two single men who have been placed, and fifteen single women available for domestic service for whom positions are being secured. The board of trade is arranging.to help convey the folks to the industrial school and in some cases to their destinations, while the I.O.D.IS. will also help, to welcome the newcomers. Miss A. P, Scott. Calgary, and Miss J. Goodall, Saskatoon, of the home branch, department of immigration, Messrs. W. S. Woods, H. R. Glover, L. Phillips, G. C. Douglas, Calgary, I. ■'Polking torn Stettler, and McTaggart, Inhisfail, all of the land settlement branch, department, of the interior, are all in Red Deer working with J. R. Weston, the local supervisor, to complete arrangements to have the new-comers promptly taken care of upon their arrival. They are supervising the packing of a number of hampers for the tm-| mediate needs of the settlers uponj their arrival. The hampers will be paid for out of a grant of money from the Calgary branch of the Knights of Columbus. and the remainder will go on to the Ednionton district. The train has been accompanied by Captain H.E. White of the vS.C.R., since it left St. John, and Father MacDonnell, commenting on the services rendered both by Captain White and the S.C.R., spoke in? the , most glowing terms. He stated that Capt. White's services had been invaluable and that he had proven of great assistance to those in charge of the train. The train was met at Calgary by ! D E. Conroy of Edmonton, who will accompany the northern party to its destination. The size of the families range from three to ten children. There are many infants in arms; younger boys and girls and several;in their 'teens. They are alt bright, intelligent, healthy people, who have come from, farms in. several sections of the Hebrides. They all speak good English and for the most part use it in their conversation, ..reverting" to Gaelic only upon occasions. The plans upon which they have come to Canada vary slightly. When asked by a representative of the Journal why they decided to come to Canada rather than to go to any of the other colonies, one man said: "Oh, Canada is being boosted to the twenty-ones." Others apparently made their decisions after personal talks with Father MacDonnell, while still others decided to come out to join their flriends who had Preceded them to Canada. All of these people plan to work for enlployers for a year oi two and then take up land of their I own. They understand that this is j the best method to follow in getting 1 accustomed to the country. Stock Raising They are eagerly interested in stock raising and particularly favor the raising of sheep and cattle, but several voiced the opinion that, having heard of the great possibilities in i the horse raising branch of the live j stock industry, they may become in- iterested In horses also. It is little- to be wondered at that I'they are keenly enthusiastic in the matter of sport. They are particularly partial to soccer football but are interested and participate in other games as well. When asked ; whether or not there were any bagpipes on board one of the men remarked that there were several 'packed away somewhere. "Why didn't you get out and play | them then ?" was the question hurled I •at him. I "Aye, lad, we've got 'ither to do | ! the noo wi'oot thinking aboot the I braw Pipies," was the characteristic j reply. Many of the people on this train ' stated that they were of 4he opinion : that there would be still other immi- ' giants from the Hebrides this summer. The inference was there would be another trainload in June. Hoot Mon! No Time to Play Bagpipes just Now (Special to Edmonton Journal) CALGARY, April 11.—A new land, new hope, new opportunities, new (plans, new happiness and new ideals (predominate all the other thoughts in the minds of the 300 Hebrideans who passed through Calgary on their way to Red Deer and Edmonton shortly after 10 o'clock this morning. Without exception, it would be safe to say that in all the train not one discontented or unhappy person •could be found. Everybody firom a three-months- old baby to the oldest adult has come ^through well and are now glad that they have come to Canada to live. Approximately fifty per cent of the immigrants will remain at Red Deer, -DEOHTOIT MOBHIHG BULLETIN - July 6th. 1923. o ~> O Hebrideans All Settled; Are Well Satisfied And Sending for Their People &ev. Father R. A. McDonnel and the S. S. B. Have Achieved Notable Settlement Success Despite Adverse Reports- Islanders Happy and Hard at Work Tho arguments which have raged .regarding the proper or imp-roper settlement of the Hebridean island: erg may now be stilled and wheth'_i Progressive members ask questions9 regarding the matter in Ottawa or their British confreres likewise pr_>- pound similar queries in the British commons, the illuminating fact re- mains that the islanders are well satisfied with what Canada has done foir them; they are losing no time making speeches^ but are hard at work, j Father McDonnel Here The Rev Father R. A. McDonnel, who is respoisible for the introduction of these moist desirable settlera to the west, was a visitor in the city yesterday, and states that all his peopl© are now arranged for; most of them are on their own farms., are hard at work, well satis« tied with what has been done for them and thoroughly appreciative of the efforts of the Soldier Settlement board in providing them with suitable land With the exception of a few- women and ehildren at the Red Deer headquarter, the forty families are all engaged in agiriculure; they have been provided with stock, implements and teams,, all have a green feed crop seeded as well as potatoes and garden stuff, and though th_.ir start was of necessity a late one, due to the difficuly of locating all to their states, they will at any rate, have something to garner this fall. IFew at Hod Deer Twelve families are located in the Calgary area, the balance in the Edmonton district; four of the me _ took up land without assistance from the. government, the others all being j supplied by the S.S.B. The balance j of the people at Red Deer will be away within a week to join their" husbands and fathers, who are making preparations for their reception at their" new homes. One or two of the Womenfolk at Red Deer are sick, but these people are beim*. looked after by a trained nurse at the headquarters of the colony. With two or three exceptions all the islanders are on their own farms, but several of the men, possessed of n© means, but a large supply of Scotch foresight, decided to work out for a year or two, in order to accumulate both experience and money wherewith to make a start. * There men are veterans of the Imperial service; one who served afloat was torpedoed four times and it is felt that when they are realv that undoubtedly the government will give them the same assistance as is offered to other returned men. Still "Hiking" Father McDonnel is still making the rounds of the country, shepherding his flock and seeing that th.y are getting away to a good start, .Last Sunday he covered two hundred miles by car, and every day sees him flitting to some portion :>r another of the north to oversee the new farmers and straighten out any difficulties which may have occurred. He returns to the iSeottU1. islands in a short time, and when he comes back this fall or winter ne will bring with him the wives and children of the men who are alreaiy settled here. Likewise he is commissioned to act as chaperone "lo several island lassies who will be married on their arrival here! "I ani proud of my islanders," eays ^Father McDonnel, and aside from their sense of honor and traditional honesty, one or two instance for this declamation will* suffice. It Westlock, the night they arrived on their farms, and as ,yet having no farming tools or stock, the islanders each "got a job" One woman, whose husband was working out thus, Ver self took an axe and cleared two acres of brush. They are all working, they have no illusions regarding the ! obtaining of something for nothing, j and if toil* and common «sense can • achieve results the Hebrideans are going to do it. . Writing Home Also the islanders are writing home, They are telling their people on the ofther side of' the Atlantic of what has been done for them here, and the present settlers are merely the spearhead of iperhaps several thousand hardy northerners who will follow their compatriots at no distant date. "Finis" can now be written, to Chapter On© of the Hebridean Immigration; thanks to th© personal efforts of Father McDonnel and Major Gordon of the 'S.S.B., <the effort has been successful, and a scheme draught with much good to both the dominion and the immigrants has reached fruition. o o o V MONDAY, JANUARY 21, NEWEStI PUN ANNOUNCED BY OLD COUNTRY Agreement Between Great Britain and Canada Has Been Signed t LONDON, Jan. 21.—A new emigration agreement has been entered into between Great Britain and Canada under the Empire Settlement act and Is to be continued from year to year at the pleasure of both signatories thereto. Under the terms of the agreement each emigrant is to receive $80 toward the cost of his transportation and the care and expense of his children up to the age of seventeen years. This is to be a grant out of hand, not a loan. In the case of household workers, where necessary, 100 per cent of the cost of their transportation, except on British railways, will be advanced as loans. In the great majority of cases, however, this class of emigrant pays her own way. Household workers who remain on farms for one year are each to receive a rebate of £6 upon payment of money advanced to them. Nominated passages are provided for in the agreement. Under "the nomination plan," a person residing in the dominion may name a friend or relative residing in Great Britain - to whom it is desired assisted passage may be given by the government. In the case of nominated passages 300-per cent of the cost of transportation, except on British railways, is to be advanced as a loan to each emigrant, but the nominator must guarantee that the newly-arrived ones shall find homes and employment on the land. The financial assistance is to be given as a loan to all members of the families of 17 years of age or over. In the cases of members of families who are under 17 years op age, the same assistance is to be given, but as free grants, not loans. Under the nomination scheme guarantees must be given both by the persons nominating prospective emigrants and by the parties so nominated that the arrangements under which the latter migrate to Canada will be carried out. The new agreement is the outcome of negotiations between Hon. X A. Robb, Canadian minister of immigration and colonization and the imperial authorities. Agreement Follows Offer Made By Canada (By Canadian Press) OTTAWA, Jan. 21.—The text of the new ' emigration agreement concluded between Canada and Great Britain is now on the way over and, until it arrives, further details will hot be available. In its general lines, however, the agreement apparently follows the Canadian proposals submitted to the committee on overseas settlement of the imperial economic conference. A part from agreement under the E_mpire Settlement act, the Canadian government,, in furtherance of a policy to encourage British migration to Canada, then offered: (IX Re-establish merit in the rural districts of the immigration employment service which ceased to function on the outbreak of the -war; (2) Careful consideration of the possibilities of introducing experimentally maintenance allowances for a limited number of immigrant families. . (3)-Consideration of the possibility of arranging With agricultural colleges to offer free courses annually to a certain number of students from Great Britain. (4) Ex-service men from other parts of the empire to be afforded facilities for land settlement under the soldier settlement board, similar to those now afforded to Canadian veterans. 5) Group settlement -to be discussed with provincial authorities. (0) Offer of free instructors, familiar with Canadian conditions, for would-be land settlers, A scheme for the extension to ex- service men from other par Is of the empire of the land settlement .facilities dps,vi®ft!f: :Att)QT^e^nmma^<il* is, it )• ^ j(rl. *_^3i___i_iL_ter THE KDJ.0HT0N BULLETIN. MARCH 19, 1924. HOUSES FOR SETTL1 NEARING COMPLETIOJ AROUND RED DEER (Special to The Bulletin) BED DEER, March 18.— A party of about 500 Hebrideans will sail March 28 for Canada and will arrive in April. This party will settle near Red Deer. Father A. MacDonnell, their organizer, arranged to have cottages built to receive the settlers. These homes will be finished the latter part of this week. There are some located four miles north of Red Deer, near the Industrial School; some near Wetaskiwin; also some in St. Albert, near Edmonton. Father MacDonnell is now in the islands getting things prepared. He* will escort these people to their new homes. .THE .EDMONTON JOURNAL. hoedketT : ready 10 meet SETTLEI o o i Alberts Settlement Beard Representative Will Gr. Them in the East (Special tp PcJ<v:cr tt£_D DEER. March 20.—The ! big" batch of settlers from the7 ' Hebride Islands is expected in j the Red Deer district , about the j middle of next month. The Scottish immigrant Aid .so* last year acquired from the land j settlement branch of the department! of immigration, then the soldiers' j settlement board, the>s old . industrial | school, about four miles west of Red j Deer with the large' farm attached to it. Right through the winter Mr. Hugh Clarke, Of Red Deer, has been busy repairing and overhauling the buildings of the institution, and they are now in better shape than they have been for many years. In I addition to this, six cottages have I been erected and are now practically j ready for occupation. The Carter ; Hall Construction company, of Edmonton, being the contractors. The society are also arranging for the erection of six cottages near Wetasl&win and six near Edmonton W. S. Woods, superintendent of the land settlement branc^i for southern Alberta, is sending a repre- j sentative of the board east to meet the new settlers on their arrival and I discuss their relations with the i board, so that there shall not be 1 any misunderstanding or cross pur- ' poses. The Hebrideans who . came last year did not get settled 'quite so readily as some over-sanguine people had led them to expect and there was a little disappointment which was magnified by gossip into quite a kick, but in, the end they all g-ot placed satisfactorily in what was really a remarkable short, time. If this continuation of the experiment is as successful as its inception, Alberta may reasonably expect a steady stream of these settlers, as long and as fast as the country can absorb them. O o _ _ \l o t<.%4 COTTAGES BUILT FOR HEBRIDEAN WORKERS Strome District Holds Picnic At Spring Lake In Aid Of German Charities (By Bulletin Correspondent) STROME, Aug. 1—Leo Spohn. who has been living with his uncle, P. Spohn, left on Friday morning for Vancouver, where he expects to take up residence. ___. S. Plsenberg, of Bawlf, is assisting in the local butcher shop. He entered upon his duties Thursday. Oscar McCune, one of the firni, who has been serving the public for some time, will take over the management of the Pioneer elevator, which has recently been built here. A. P. Zaczkowski, who underwent a serious operation in Mayo Bros', hospital, Rochester, Minn., on Wednesday of last week, is recovering nicely. He writes Mrs. Zaczkowski that he will be home in two to three weeks. Mrs. Fred Hauser, who has. been in the Daysland hospital for some time, was brought home on Sunday evening and is getting along fine after the operation for appendicitis. The village coucil is making some more permanent improvements in town by building cement crossings. The old wooden crossings were in I bad repair and ^hile the initial ex- i pense of a cement crossing is greater than that of a wooden crossing" it is i cheaper in the long run, as it gives longer wear with less upkeep, hence the wisdom of the cement crossings for Strome. W. G. Hunter this week commenced the remodeling of his building into an hotel, which, when completed, will comply with the provisional regulations for a beer parlor. The lumber for t}ie cottages, (which will be used for the accommodation of the six Hebridean fam- [ilies, who are moving into this district, has arrived, and the buildings will be erected immediately. The Pool Construction Co.'s gang is here and will do the work. Two of these houses will be erected on Mrs. Wm. Lindsay's farm, and one each with George Cook, Lindsay Bros., A. Eshpeter, S. S. Alexander and C. F. Lyall. The houses are being erected on a small acreage of land leased for a long term of years at a nominal price, and the new settlers will use them while working in the district. The arr__r.g^.n,.nt_.—were made by tub .Jp___nx___Zlaettlemen1 (.Board'. '—*•*<- IMMIGRANTS COMING TO SETTLE IN CANADA This Yearns Qtiota Commencing to Arrive in West Now WINNIPEG, April 2—Western Canada's 1924 quota of immigrants from the British Isles and European countries is coming early this year and the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railways* depots have been busy places during trip* past week. Some of the new settler~ have relatives to meet them in Winnipeg, while the majority are en- route to selected districts where they join their countrymen who have''.preceded 'them. During the! past 24 hours the railways have handled approximately 1,200 Immigrants. Most of them en route to Saskatchewan, AKberta and British Columbia points, though a few remain in Manitoba. WILL SEIZE GRAIN FOR TAX ARREARS (Special to Edmonton. Journal) j CASTOR, May 13.—-A meeting of 1 tho municipality of Progress was held in the municipal office, Castor, ; on Saturday. Mr. Newsham was ap- | pointed assessor for the year 1924. The council decided to seize grain for arrears in taxes on S. S. B. glands that had been leased to private ! individuals. A line of credit was j passed for $12,000. The sum of $135 j was transferred from division four to division five in payment for a steel culvert. Crop report—Wheat 75 per cent sown.; very little oats and coarse grain seeded yet. Weather conditions ideal. A few farmers are through seeding. DUTCH SETTLERS REACH LETHBRIDGE (Special to Edmonton Journal) LETHBRIDGE, April S. — Twenty-eight Dutch settlers for the Lethbridge Northern irrigation tract reached the city this morning, and are being placed on farms. They are a fine lot of men and keen to start working. One woman was in the party. This is the second party to reach here this spring. Experts persuaded poor Mr. Chamber^" lain to keep on trying to, balance the budget—-as they did to finance ministers, in Canada—when the national credit should have been drawn upon without stint in preparedness for war. They also argued that Germany would never be able to last because of the Nazi departure from 19th century methods of finance. It is nothing to the discredit of any leader of opinion, or captain of industry, to be at variance with the experts of debt finance. It is rather evidence of being^ aware that this is the middle*" period of the 20th century. 7 Editor, Citizen; It is rather strange that. Rev. Dempster should accuse me of not; facing the facts, when he himself attempted| to falsify them. Who quoted from a boguuf 'speech and tried to give the impression that; Bishop Strossmayer had actually uttered a: jtirade, extracted from a little pamphlet, ■reprinted by some obscure publisher in! I Montreal and a copy of which I have in my^ possession? Who refuses still to- face the ;fact that the quoted "speech" was a forg-1 !ery? Who still calls it a "so-called" forgery?: Because the bishop made a 'speech: 1.which did not favor the definition of papal j infallibility, is one justified to say that he: • pronounced himself in favor of Protestant-; usm? When the Catholic Encyclopedia; !writes: ' "he defended Protestantism," it: ;simply means that he objected to certain ^epithets and warded off certain attacks (against the sects which he considered ex-' cessive, but not that he approved ofpProtes-; tantism. Does not Rev. Dempster realize that the bishop would not have remained in the Catholic Church had he been in favor of Protestantism, nor would he have given -his adhesion to the definition, nor would <he have been made an archbishop, nor would he have persuaded Soloviev, the Russian Newman, to become a Catholic? j Concerning the suggestion of a public l ! debate on this issue, I doubt that it would bev of any use. These questions of faith can-; inot be settled in harangues, where there is. usually more heat than light and where the; .strength of argument is not always pro-; -portionate to the gif£ of the gab or the flow of oratory. While I have no inclination tor compete with Rev. Dempster in forensic - ability, I would welcome, however, an opportunity of having a friendly chat with- him, any tithe. If one believes that Christ is God, that JHe founded a church (during His lifetime ; and not fifteen centuries after His ascension) , that He meant His church to pre-r serve unity of faith, that He singled out* St. Peter from among His apostles, and. 'that He promised to remain with His church, which consequently would be an in~ 'fallible guide, then the dogma of papal primacy and infallibility follows quite,' I naturally and presents no special difficulty. I jH. D. Sedgwick once wrote: "To an out- [; sider the separate dogmas of the Catholic [ Church are no more difficult of acceptance than the dogmas she shares with Protestant, sects. The fall, the atonement, the divinity ^of Christ, the Trinity, the clauses of the j jostles' Creed are larger and more exact* '. ling of belief than the infallibility of the; ]Pope in matters of faith and morals. To an \ outsider the dogmatic Protestant seems to| j strain at a gnat and swallow a camel.'* (Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 84, page 493).— HENRI SAINT-DENIS, Ottawa, March 24f t 1944. ns present in Edmonton. They are headed by Allan and Angus MacDonald, and number in all some sixteen persons, who are guests at the immigration hall. When seen by the Journal, Angus MacDonald was leath to talk for publication, but he intimated that he and his fellow colonists would be a good deal happier if they could get settled and to work. He confirmed the statement that some of the men had gone out to look at land for which $30 an acre was asked, being one of them himself, and that it had been found too costly for them to buy. Mr. MacDonald declared that he and his family like the Alberta country, that they are anxious to get into a home of their own, and that he believes they will eventually get all straightened out and become permanent Albertans. But at present he and most of his fellow countrymen are feeling disappointed at the unexpected difficulties now standing in their way. HEBRIDEANS HAD MISTAKEN IDEA OF PREPARATIONS (Continued from Page One) .. for the exodus on a larger scale than was justified at the time. Large an- nouncements as to the company's plans for settlement and easy terms for repayment got over to the Hebrides y in. fact, those promoting the emigration scheme were very favorably taken with the plan and it possibly resulted in a speeding up of recruiting. "I was certainly very favorably impressed with the Colonization company's plan and it looked good," said one of the promoters of Hebridean emigration on Thursday. i "While steps had been taken to keep in touch with the colonization association, nothing much had been accomplished and other action had to be resorted to. - Set Sail for Canada Receiving assurances by letter and verbally from Father Macintyre, some fifty families sold their holdings and made ready to set sail for Canada. Many of them were crofters operating on small farms of from ten to twenty acres which were leased. Some had two and three cows and as many as forty head of sheep Which were sold. The proceeds were added to earnings and as a result some accumulated $500, while others had less and some more. One man is said to possess $5,000. 'Ts it correct that there was a rush to sell out?" asked the reporter. "Why, the whole of Scotland was invited/' shot back one hardy looking "Mac.;> Became An Epidemic From information gathered at other sources, it appears that two or three hoisted "for sale" signs and the movement was soon in epidemic form. "Why, it could just as easily have been 1,000 as 300," said Angus McLeod. It appears that there was no attempt made to restrict the number of the first contingent, so far as action at the embarking point was concerned. Receiving letters from Father Macintyre concerning fine prospects in Canada, the Hebrideans concluded that they should not delay any longer in making the trip. "Would you rather be back in the Hebrides?" one woman was asked. "Why, we have too much pride to go back," she replied. "We have sold out all we had, so what is there to go back to? No, we are going to stay here and we want to get located." Taking Plowing Lessons Arriving at the industrial farm, the reporter found several of the newcomers engaged at plowing lessons, although some admitted that it was more for exercise than education, as they had long training in this work at home. However, they guided the plow through the stubble with the finish of experts. Angus McLeod was one of the first interviewed. He said that the party was tiring of waiting for places, besides being misinformed as to what they were to receive. On account of his disappointment, he had not written home and would not do so until he was permanently located: He had not secured a place yet, although he had looked at several. One reason for refusing to take some land offered was that the interest rate would make it too heavy a burden for a farmer to carry. This was particularly so in the case of one $5,000 farm that he had looked at, because in buying it he would be undertaking an obligation that would take years to discharge. "If we pay several hundred dollars down for a farm, there will be nothing left to get^long with," said another. r Want to Get Located Several expressed the opinion that Alberta looked good as a farming country and there appeared to be lots -of land. But they Wanted to get located. It was nearly two months since they had left ^cdtland and they had felt certain of being on new holdings by now. "We did not come out here to idle away our time," said one woman. Free homesteads appeal to quite a number of the immigrants, for they believe that if a number can settle in one community, assistance can be exchanged and some progress made. While they at first had the desire to all settle in a colony, that has been "scrapped' to a good extent, and if a group scheme can be worked out there is no doubt that they will be satisfied td a considerable extent. Faced with the necessity of pioneering, they are prepared to make the best of it, while rather regretful that they did not have a clear idea of what they were to receive in lands before they quit the Hebrides. Await Word From Ottawa On Thursday, there were one hundred and thirty-five children, with ninety men and twenty-five women, at the industrial farm. Some of these men had made selections or *im!_i__. "'amk- awaiting word from Ottawa concerning their qualifications for soldier settlement board lands. ■**-* Sturdy looking youngsters, ranginj^Jn age from four to nine years, played about the farm and made the welkin ring with their childish shouts. While talking in Gaelic, they showed knowledge of English, which is spoken fluently by some of their parents. There has been some sickness since the party arrived, while one young boy died recently of pneumonia. At present there are three measles cases and two chicken pox, which are isolated. It was stated that the patients suffering with measles came from Winnipeg. On the whole the party appeared to be quite healthy and of the hardy type which has made the Hebrides famous. There has been little sickness since the party left their former homes. Are Well Treated "We have been well treated since coming to the farm," said McNeil Joiner. "The accommodation is good and there is plenty of good food. There is no complaint at ail in that respect." Mr. Joiner, who is a carpenter by trade, said that the clothing and shoes were sufficient for the summer, but they w^ere not prepared for winter conditions yet. He and others were wearing suits from homespun, ma.de by their wives, which were of a quality to challenge Alberta winters. Just Matter of Time Father R...-A. MacDonell, who is In charge of the settling of the newcomers in this country, says that he is greatly encouraged by the progress made, despite certain unforeseen delays. ' He feels certain that within a short time all will be located and if present plans are successfully carried out, all but eight or nine families will be settled within a few days. Various factors have contributed to the delay in getting the Hebrideans settled, so it was learned on Thursday. One point is that original plans were for twenty families to be sent out first and these would ' have been placed without difficulty. Instead, fifty families came and it is fortunate that that that the price offered at one time was $75,000. Many War Veterans There are twenty-five men in the party who have military service to their credit and these are being placed by the soldier settlement board as rapidly as possible. Some of these men have come from the east and have farming service to their credit, while others have been in the mercantile service and are awaiting word as to whether that will count to their credit in securing places under the soldier settlement board. Another factor that has also resulted in some delay in getting the families settled is that they arrived here too late for the seeding operations on farms. Consequently there was little for farmers to offer in the way of employment although a number have been placed. Different to Ontario At one time there was a hope that some farmers would be willing to take a Hebridean and his family, at least for some months until he could get a start On his own farm. But it was found that conditions here were different to Ontario, where there are extra cottages on farms and required accommodation available for the families of farm help. It is now understood that the group idea of settling these immigrants is being put into effect. Already several have been placed in the Ohaton district, some more near Camrose and ethers west of Red Deer. On Thursday several of the Hebrideans looked over an extensive area near Alhambra where possibly forty families could tbe.settled. T_iere are a number of Finns and Russians in that district who are desirous of returning to the old country and are talking cf disposing of their improved holdings. It is therefore possible t!iat a deal will be made. Prices Are Reasonable After looking over that land the Hebrideans expressed satisfaction with it, while prices were not considered out of the way. Further negotiations are expected to take- place, as purchase of the land on a wholesale scale would be involved. Opinions expressed by those who are promoting this emigration is that these people will be a great deal better oft in this country. In their home land many were on the verge of poverty and that led many to seek new homes in the west. There was also the fact that they would be with their children that also actuated them te favor a colonizing plan. In the settling of these people, the soldier settlement board has done a lot of fine word,' says Father MaoDonell, while the people of Red Deer have also rendered splendid assistance. The board has been placing civilians on lands, as well as ex-service men, and has given most attractive terms. Arrived with $14 A case is cited where a man and family, without funds, was placed on a farm and given a start. That man is said to have arrived in the country with but $14. One difficulty met with in settling men on the soldier settlerent board farms is that it is hard to explain to them that a re-appraisal will be made. They assume that the figure now given is the final price and consequently make deductions that are erroneous. "These men can only think in Gaelic. What is stated as a possibility appeals to them only as a fact," said one who is closely in touch with them. It is pointed out that this iprobably accounted for them hastily or too broadly accepting information as to future prospects in this country. Generous treatment accorded by the soldier settlement board should get quite a number of the men in good shape fcr next season's operations, it is felt. Get Ready for Winter They will be in a position to do some gardening* this year and make their bouses ready for winter. A number will be on leased farms and in order to give every opportunity for them to carry on operations successfully, one third- of the crop usually required will not be asked for. Officials of the settlement board state that there is no desire to "hold up" the newcomers but rather to give them most generous conditions. It is pointed out that the board had nothing whatever to do with bringing in these settlers but when called upon, it used every possible endeavor to get the men established. Some reports as to charging $30 an acre for land are declared to be unfounded while it is emphatically stated that purchases are to be based on present agricultural values. Therefore, no regard will be paid as to what was paid for land some time ago. Will Produce Homespun Some of the women have brought their wheels along and it is likely that they will be producing homespun if wool can be secured. Those interested in the emigrating of these people feel that there are. bright prospects for this industry, ; providing that wool and dye can be secured. Many of the men are wearing suits made by their wives and they look to have material that will wear for a lengthy period. One man was wearing a suit on Thursday that he expected would last three years, even if he ia faced with the necessity of homestead- ing on a vigorous scale. It is said that there are 5,000 Hebrideans who were willing to come to Alberta. They are waiting word from the first contingent. On that decision rests -ti^ ^^^-^-^--^^--^^6 p&£ British colonists. With the first 300 happily settled there is no doubt that new progress for Alberta in an agricultural and industrial way will be ensured. THE COURIER, TUESDAY, APRIL 1, 1924. (3 HEBRIDEAN EMIGRANTS SAIL FOR GANA8A. ^ Courier Photo. The photograph shows the scene on L oehboisdale Pier, when the <steamer Hebrides left with 300 Hebridean emigrants who join the liner Marloch, which is to convey them to Canada. There were many touching scenes when friends on the ^ ^ade farewell to the departing crofters and their families. ■ FAR__ FR&M—THE-~WST««SS_im-H»_7_^^ ■^ ±i^l/!SL_ __W___\ />z*Y~r'*+*\ !________________________________! _____________ _______________ __________________________ Farm, at Ohaton, Alberta, where Mr. Angus Cameron, of South Uist, recently settled with his wife and eight He has already 30 acres under crop, and has every hope of " making good." This picture will be of interest the thousands of Jtagpe folks who are practically on the verge of starvation in their Hebridean crofts. <fc^*^/5Lu£, %j__^i ff/f^ It ? HEBRIDEANS HAD MISTAKEN IOEA OF PREPARATIONS (Continued from Page One) for the exodus on a larger scale than was justified at the time. Large announcements as to the company's plans for settlement and easy terms for repayment got over to the Hebrides;; in. fact, those promoting the emigration scheme were very favorably taken with the plan, and it possibly resulted in a speeding up of recruiting. "I was certainly very favorably impressed with the Colonization company's plan and it looked good," said one of the promoters of Hebridean emigration on Thursday. j While steps had been taken to keep in touch with the colonization association, nothing much had been accomplished and other action had to be resorted to. . Set Sail for Canada Receiving assurances by letter and verbally from Father Macintyre, some fifty families sold their holdings and made ready to set sail for Canada. Many of them were crofters operating on small farms of from ten to twenty- acres which were leased. Some had two and three cows and as many as forty head of sheep which were sold. The proceeds were added to earnings and as a result some accumulated $500, while others had less and some more. One man is said to possess $3,000. "Is it correct that there was a rush to sell out?" asked the reporter. "Why, the whole of Scotland was invited/' shot back one hardy looking "Mac." Became An Epidemic From information gathered at other sources, it appears that two or three hoisted "for sale" signs and the movement was soon in epidemic form. "Why, it could just as easily have been 1,000 as 300," said Angus McLeod. It appears that there was no attempt made to restrict the number of the« first contingent, so far as action at the embarking point was concerned. Receiving letters from Father Macintyre concerning fine prospects in Canada, the Hebrideans concluded that they should not delay any longer in making the trip. "Would you rather be back in the Hebrides?" one woman was asked. "Why, we have too much pride to go back," she replied. "We have sold out all we had, so what is there to go back to? No, we are going to stay here and we want to get located." Taking Plowing Lesson$ Arriving at the industrial farm, the reporter found several of the newcomers engaged at plowing lessons, although some admitted that it was more for exercise than education, as they had long training in this work at home. However, they guided the plow through the stubble with the finish of experts. Angus McLeod was one of the first interviewed. He said that the party was tiring of waiting for places,, besides being misinformed as to what they were to receive. On account of his disappointment, he had not written home and would not do so until he was permanently located. He had not secured a place.yet, although he had looked at several. One reason for refusing to take some land offered was that the interest rate would make it too heavy a burden for a farmer to carry. This was particularly so in the case of one $5,000 farm that he had looked at, because in buying it he. would be undertaking an obligation that would take years to discharge. "If we pay several hundred dollars down for a farm, there will be nothing left to get., along with," said another. Want to Get Located Several expressed the opinion that Alberta looked good as a farming country and there appeared to be lots -of land. But they wanted to get located. It was nearly two months since they had left Scotland and they had felt certain of being on new holdings by now, "We did not come out here to idle away our time," said one woman. Free homesteads appeal to quite a number of the immigrants, for they believe that if a number can settle in one community, assistance can be exchanged and some progress made. While they at first had the desire to all settle in a colony, that has been "scrapped" to a good extent, and if a group scheme can be worked out there is no doubt that they will be satisfied td a considerable extent. Faced with the necessity of pioneering, they are prepared to make the best of it, while rather regretful that they did not have a clear idea of what they were to receive in lands before they quit the Hebrides. Await Word From Ottawa On Thursday, there were one hundred and thirty-five children, with ninety men and twenty-five women, at the industrial farm. Some of these men had made selections of-~■jf9*irtf^-rarrtftr^^e.r& awaiting word from Ottawa concerning their qualifications for soldier settlement board lands. Sturdy looking youngsters, rangingl|n age from four to nine years, played ! about the farm and made the welkin ring with their childish shouts. While talking in Gaelic, they showed knowledge of English, which is spoken fluently by some of their parents. There has been some sickness since the party arrived, while one young boy died recently of pneumonia. At present there are three measles cases and two chicken pox, which are isolated. It was stated that the patients suffering with measles came from Winnipeg. On the whole the party appeared to be quite healthy and of the hardy type which has made the Hebrides famous. There has been little sickness since the party left their former homes. Are Well Treated "We have been well treated since coming to the farm," said McNeil Joiner. "The accommodation is good and there is plenty of good food- There is no complaint at all in that respect." Mr. Joiner, who i.s a carpenter by trade, said that the clothing and shoes were sufficient for the summer, but they were not prepared for winter conditions yet. He and others were wearing suits from homespun, made by their wives, which were of a quality to challenge Alberta winters. Just Matter of Time Father R. A. MacDonell, who is in charge of the settling of the newcomers in this country, says that he is greatly encouraged by the progress made, despite certain unforeseen delays. ' He feels certain that within a short time all will be located and if present plans are successfully carried out, all but eight or nine families will be settled within a few days. Various factors have contributed to the delay in getting the Hebrideans settled, so it was learned on Thursday. One point is that original plans were for twenty families to be sent out first and these would have been placed without difficulty. Instead, fifty families came and it is fortunate that that number was not doubled. Then, negotiations were opened in order to secure a large tract of land, composed of some forty quarter sections near Innisfree. This land was involved in a court action and as a result of various negotiations which ultimately fell through, there was a ^s4ay of two weeks. It is understood that the price offered at one time was $75,000. Many War Veterans There are twenty-five men in the party who have military service to their credit and these are being placed by the soldier settlement board as rapidly as possible. Some of these men have come from the east and have farming service to their credit, while others have been in the mercantile service and are awaiting word as to whether that will count to their credit in securing places under the soldier settlement board. Another factor that has also resulted in some delay in getting the families settled is that they arrived here too late for the seeding operations on farms. Consequently there was little for farmers to offer in the way of employment although a number have been placed. Different to Ontario At one time there was a hope that some farmers would be willing to take a Hebridean and his family, at least for some months until he could get a start on his own farm. But it was found that conditions here were different to Ontario, where there are extra cottages on farms and required accommodation available for the families of farm help. It is now understood that the group idea of settling these immigrants is being put into effect. Already several have been placed in the Ohaton district, some more near Camrose and ethers west of Red Deer. On Thursday several of the Hebrideans looked over an extensive area near Alhambra where possibly forty families could tbe.settled. There are a number of Finns and Russians in that district who are desirous of returning to the old country and are talking cf disposing of their improved holdings. It is therefore possible that a deal will be made. Prices Are Reasonable After looking over that land the Hebrideans expressed satisfaction with it, while prices were not considered out of the way. Further negotiations are expected to take place, as (purchase of the land on a wholesale scale would be involved. Opinions expressed by those who are promoting this emigration is that these people will be a great deal better oft in this country. In their home land many were on the verge of .poverty and that led many to seek new homes in the west. There was also the fact that they would be with their children that also actuated them to favor a colonizing plan. . In tlie settling of these people, the soldier settlement board has done a lot of fine word,' says Father MaoDonell, while the people of Red Deer have also rendered splendid assistance. The board has been placing civilians on lands, as well as ex-service men, and has given most attractive terms. Arrived with $14 A case is cited where a man and family, without funds, was placed on a farm and given a start. That man is said te have arrived in the country with but $14. One difficulty met with in settling men on the soldier settlerent board farms is that it is hard to explain to them, that a re-appraisal will be made. They assume that the figure now given is the final price and consequently make deductions that are erroneous. "These -men can only think in Gaelic. What is stated as a possibility appeals to them only as a fact," said one who is closely in touch with them. It Is pointed out that this probably accounted for them hastily or too broadly accepting information as to future prospects in this country. Generous treatment accorded by the soldier settlement board should get quite a number of the men in good shape fcr next season's operations, it is felt. Get Ready for Winter They will be in a position to do some gardening ■ this year and make their houses ready for winter. A number will be on leased farms and in order to give every opportunity for them to carry on operations successfully, one third- of the crop usually required will not be asked for. Officials of the settlement board state that there is no desire to "hold up" the newcomers but rather to give them most generous conditions. It is pointed out that the board had nothing whatever to do with bringing in these settlers but when called upon, it used eyery possible endeavor to get the men established. Some reports as to charging $30 an acre for land are declared to be unfounded while it is emphatically stated that purchases are to be based on present agricultural values. Therefore, no regard will be paid as to what was paid for land some time ago. Will Produce Homespun Some of the women have brought their wheels along and it is likely that they will be producing homespun if wool can be secured. Those interested in the emigrating of these people feel that there are bright prospects for this industry, ; providing that wool aha dye can be secured. Many of the men are wearing suits made by their wives and they look to have material that will wear for a lengthy period. One man was wearing a suit on Thursday that he expected would last three years, even if he is faced with the necessity of homestead ing on a vigorous scale. It is said that there are 5,000 Hebri deans who were willing to come to Al berta. They are waiting word from the first contingent. On that decision crests the- fiitw^t!^—of~a^--fi^a ..type of British colonists. With the first 300 happily settled there is no doubt that new progress for Alberta in an agricultural and industrial way will be ensured. tlbe TOestern Scot Vol. I. WILLOWS CAMP, VICTORIA, B. C, NOVEMBER 6th, 1915 No. 5 NO. 1 COMPANY Nop i Company, under Capt- Armour, was out on a route march on Wednesday night- The march was partly crosscountry, partly on roads, and mostly in mud. The scouts were also with us—sometimes. There was plenty of variety, occasioned by men falling into ditches and over ruts in the dark. The route was cross-country to Little Mount Tolmie, and home by Cedar Hill cross-road and Richmond Avenue; All commands were whispered from man to man, and the whole route march was conducted in silence, as if in the presence of the enemy. The company started out at 8 o'clock and got back to barracks about io. Sergt- Johnston says it is time there was a business Government in Canada, as the present one only makes clothes for children. The largest size of undervest issued is only 46. NO. 2 COMPANY In last week's issue of the "Western Scot" we were a little unkind in taking a crack at Pte. Johnson, who left us to go to the Fire Piquet, but since we witnessed the wonderful work he did at the fire the other night we take it all back. Last Sunday as the 67th were marching through town to Church Parade, we heard a lady remark, "Here come the Wildcats!" You bet, we are wildcats when it comes to the fighting. Which would you rather do, take a nice little stroll out in the country and cut a few poles, or be put through your paces on the "Oval"? We have been trying to figure out why Pte. J. Donovan's hair is black and his moustache the color of a glass of— lemonade. Maybe if we could look into the dark mysteries of J. Donovan's past, we should find out that he used to 1. 7 iii 11 ii aa- :;;.: .a NO. 1 COMPANY, 67TH BATTALION, "WESTERN SCOTS" PHOTO BY SHAW BROS. Pte- Hedges wishes to enter his bears in the beauty contest- He thinks that with the present field they are sure winners. Speculation is rife in No. 1 Company as to how Sergt-- Major Henderson got the suspicious-looking mark on his cheek while in Vancouver. He blames Sergt- Johnston— but we "hae oor doots." Any member of the Battalion is invited to come to the steps of No- 1 building any morning at 8:15, and guess what part of the world Pipe-Major Wishart comes from- The only clue given will be the gallant Pipe-Major's pronunciation, "Baund, an' ready? Quick mairch!" Lieut. Edmond has returned from Ottawa looking well —and right on time, as usual- Pte- N. F. Turner is on the sick list with a badly slashed hand. "Cherchez la femme." A gaudily arrayed individual, who gave his name as Sousa, was up at the Willows Camp this week looking for Corpl- Higgins as a side drummer for his band. The sergeants are looking for new quarters, now that the brass band is practising in the mess hall. drink a large number of glasses of—lemonade, which dyed his moustache that way. Eh, Jack! Can someone invent a way to put on a khaki shirt by oneself? It usually takes seven or eight men and a carpenter to do the job. We were asked one day by an ambitious recruit, "What were the qualifications necessary to make a good company Q.M-S.?" That was a hard one to answer, so we personally made a few observations, with this result: A good company Q-M-S. should first of all be a good penman, and be able to make an erasure that cannot be detected with a microscope. He should be able to make a 3 look like an 8 or vice versa to suit his own convenience. He should be an expert forger, for reasons that are obvious. He should have a fierce and commanding appearance, he should have a meek and mild appearance, to be used as occasions arise. He should have the virtues and good qualities .of a Jew money-lender and a second-hand clothes-dealer. He should be a hypnotist, in order to make a poor unfortunate recruit take a uniform five sizes too small or large for him, according to circumstances. He should be able to steal, lie, murder, forge, bluff, beg, borrow and never pay back, swear, sing hymns, pray, and gamble. If he can turn in crooked THE WESTERN SCOT reports and get away with it, if he can steal blankets and equipment and get away with it, if he can keep fat, and keep his hair on his head—then he can say his little prayers every night with a clear conscience, knowing that he has done his duty as a good and faithful company Q.M-S- You can always find Lance-Cpl- Kirk when No. 2 Company is on a route march. Just look along the line till you see a cloud of steam like the exhaust from a donkey engine- Look under the steam and you will find Lance.-Cpl. Kirk. Easy, isn't it? How strange it is when you are looking for singers to get up a company concert, how small a percentage of the men can sing. How strange it is when you are looking for a good night's sleep after pay day, how large a percentage of the men can sing! Our thanks are due to Capt- Bullen for the neat manner in which he has had No- 2 Company's mess tables fixed up with oilcloth, at his expense. It is a great improvement, as the writer knows, having many a time before lost his share of butter through the crack in the centre of the table. Q.M.S. Stewart has had a new lock put on his stores door, wire . entanglements overhead, and the knot-holes plugged up- The Q-M.S- prefers to issue stores, rather than having them issue. He says it is more regimental. Puttees should be worn on the leg. Some have an idea they serve as a gaiter, and not as a bandage. Concert at the Y-M-C-A. by No- 2 Company next Tuesday night. NO. 3 COMPANY It is but fair to note that the criticism of certain units of the Battalion is beginning to have effect." A short time ago the members of No. 2 Company decided that one of them needed a bath and proceeded to give it to him. While this is a step in the right direction, No. 3 Company, having painful recollections of marching, oh certain hot days, in the rear of No- 2, would respectfully suggest that the treatment be extended to the rest of the unit. Q.M.S. Jones, No. 5 Company, in a simple littl^jhict of gallantry, "established a record for tbe 67tF,""~wFen in a street car he gave up his seat to no less than three ladies. If a certain offender, now at Work Point, has his sentence reduced, will it prove that the "sword" is mightier than the pen? A statement about this unit in last week's write-up of No pi Company was couched in such cultured, beautiful language that one is almost inclined, to -overlook the absolute lack of truth. Some of the companies appear to be a little peevish about the references to them in this column- No. 3 Company, being a gentlemanly crowd, can only reply in a roundabout way, by stating that each of its members has a piece of mistletoe pinned to the tail of his tunic. Meanwhile, though it may give expression to some home truths, No. 3 Company freely admits its esteem of the other units of the Battalion, for if, in the firing line, the worst comes to the worst, these other units can always be used as reinforcements! Warning is given that one of these issues of the "Western Scot" will contain an article frankly boastful in tone. It will be a truthful resume of the accomolishments of this company, which has so far studiouslv refrained from making any statement savoring of conceit. For the purpose of comparison, it may be necessary to refer to other units, but this will be avoided as far as possible to the end that the article may have the dignity compatible with the conceded standing of No. 3 Company. (Writer in good form today!) As many of the men of No. 2 Company are in delicate health and wish to sleep near the stove this cold weather, No 3 Company has graciously given up the first rank of its lines and withdrawn into the draught. But for pure hoggishness! NO. 4 COMPANY No. 2 Section extends a welcome to Pte. E- W. Wallace, the man who holds the record for rapidity of kit collection- He got everything the Q-M-S- had in one afternoon. Furthermore, he was distinguished by being posted in orders two days in succession, as a rookie- STAR STUDIO Military Post Cards and Portraits MILITARY SAMPLES IN STOCK When in Town Call and See Us OPEN DAY AND NIGHT 1214 Government Street u°onos_£nk THOBURN GROCERY PHONES 81 2359 PHILIP D. JOHNSTON, Proprietor Groceries, Provisions, Fresh Fruits, Etc., Etc. AT YOUR SERVICE — Head Street and Esquimalt Road After a hard day's drill a glass of CASCADE GINGER ALE A Real Invigorator. Absolutely Pure. _£n£_? KIRK SODA WATER CO. IT'S THE WATER ESQUIMALT ROAD C. PENDLEBURY MILITARY TAILOR NEXT DOOR TO WILLOWS PARK POST OFFICE OPPOSITE JITNEY STAND Alterations, Cleaning and Pressing PUTTEES MADE SPIRAL, 50 CENTS Westholme Hotel Has the ONLY GRILL with Cabaret in British Columbia THE PLACE TO CALL AFTER THE THEATRE GOVERNMENT STREET THE WESTERN SCOT After Last Post. Oft, in the stilly night, 'Ere slumber's chain has bound me, Strange visions meet my sight, And stranger sounds confound me. Weird shadows pass; the crash of glass And murmured sighs betoken That in the fall, beyond recall, Some mickey has been broken! No. 4's Special Commissioner reports that the difference between brains and brawn on the menu cards—or cartes du jour—in the popular downtown cafes is a mere jitney— and in favor of brawn! . Pte- Bond is official publican—cook-house fatigue—this week, and likes it so well that he has been promised another week of it soon—if he behaves. It is quite noticeable, since kit inspection has become stricter, that the heels of shoes left on the shelves are delightfully clean! Sergt. McKay gave a valuable example of efficiency on the night of the fire. He was right on the job the minute the alarm was sounded- When Lieut- Terry asked an intelligent private what had become of 15 Platoon after the fire was out, the reply was: ''Can't say, sir; looks as if most of them were wiped out!" Casualty officer, kindly note. Pte- "Davit" Dryden evinces the marvellous power of imagination daily—when he combs at his moustache- Rumor hath it that a private in No. 1 Section, during the general parade last Sunday, was marching so strictly to attention that he ran full tilt into a telephone pole—and then begged its pardon. We are deeply indebted to Pte. F. L- Smith, of 15 Platoon, for a spirited poem relative to the events which may be expected to follow the arrival of the Western Scots on the battle front- However, while the sentiment expressed is highly laudable, the religious nature of the poet's form of expression precludes the .inclusion of the contribution in a column of this character. A copy of the poem is in the possession of Lance-Cpl. William Carlisle and may be seen by those interested. There is a man in 3 Section who is sure to escape outpost duty at the front unless he is allowed to go well to the rear for sleep. A steam siren wouldn't be any more uesful in notifying the enemy (cuss him!) of our whereabouts. Pte. Fido was out of luck last Saturday night- He seldom honors 2 Section with his presence, but Saturday night he decided to pay his section mates a visit- He was just enjoying the first half-hour of (we trust) well-earned rest, when the "alarm" sounded! Lance-Cpl. Belyea, who has been laid up for some time, was back on the job on Tuesday. Curiously enough, Tuesday was announced as pay day- DRINK He'll Have to Get Up Earlier! There once was a cock-eyed old Kaiser Who thought he was some early riser: He got up at dawn; Found the Western Scots on The job; and is now somewhat wiser. One of the bomb-throwers from No. 4, after a demonstration, asked the instructor: "Isn't this a pretty dangerous occupation?" And the instructor, out of a fund of experience, replied: "Oh, no! men have been known to come out of it alive!" Another bomb-thrower—not in No. 4 Company after a strenuous lesson, was asked if he had any questions to put- "Yes, sir; please how can I transfer to the Pioneer?" Pte- Halliwell, of 1 Section, was real pleased on Monday afternoon when, after he had covered 200 yards to open a gate, the company's direction was changed and he had to double back. No. 4 Company has a kick! Each of its members pays 50c to the band fund, yet it never hears the band except when it is practising. The suggestion is made that the men of. the band blow their bit whustles wi' mair wund. PHOENIX PHIZZ PURE MALT AND HOPS SUPPLIED /\X CANTEEN "Ichabod" has been written above the name-card of the record kit-cleaner of 1 Section. Heretofore the pride ot his section for kit-kleanliness, he fell from grace this week over a pair of slightly-soiled shoes. Will the men who rise up in the morning Before the "Reveille" doth sound; Who, others' dream-romances scorning, Go prancing and capering round, Remove their great iron-shod footwear When parading before the sky's pink? Or they may have a very real nightmare In the depths of the nethermost "clink!" "What are the privates cheering for?" said Files-on- Parade- "They've got the word; they've got the word!" the Sergeant-Major said. "You'll see a sight tomorrow night- They'll paint the whole town red. They're going to get their pay tomorrow morning!" There is an Irishman in'No. 1 Company- The other day he was right guide and was told to align two marks to march by- When, a few moments later, his platoon was seen going off at an angle, the O.C- called him to account- "Did you take marks?" "Oi did, sor!" "Well, how is it you are not marching on them?" rrWell, sor, I vHckf d thim two cows over there, but bechune wan movin' off to the roight an' wan to the left, shure oi' "don t Clu where oi'm at all, at all!" On Wednesday Lieut. Terry announced to 13 Platoon that he had found ten cents on the headquarters orderly room floor on pay day- Five Scotsmen in 13 respectfully claimed it forthwith! In commenting on a slight slip of 13 Platoon at drill the other day, the O-C- 14 Platoon, wishing to take a dig at 13, said: "Why, they're worse than 14!" This is disgraceful, 13! What are we coming to! NO. 5 COMPANY The Company decided to form a sports committee and selected two men per platoon to carry out their wishes. This committee first called upon the men for funds, which was done by ballot, with the result that each man gave 25c towards the fund, bringing in from the men alone, not including officers or N.C-O-'s, of over $60. The spending of this amount is directly in the hands of the committee, acting upon instructions of the men. Footballs, both Soccer and Rugger, have been purchased, colors are under discussion, basket ball is to be provided, etc. Inter-platoon matches are under way for the championship of the Company, and from these platoon teams a good Company team should be provided. The main idea is that every man in the Company shall receive direct benefit from the fund, and other forms of sport will be provided as fast as possible, so that there will be a game suitable for each man. The Company this week has assisted in the work on the trenches, cutting and packing trees, assisted on the trench- digging. Even here the idea of competition crops up, and two platoons competed in digging. On their own suggestion, they proceeded to Telegraph Bay and, although only having pocket-knives, and few of them, made and carried back to camp 32 gabions and hurdles, doing the seven miles there and back in some 3 hours 10 minutes. On Wednesday afternoon they carried out a line of outposts and were attacked by No. 2 Company. Another day this will be reversed, so that both Companies will have instruction with an objective. THE WESTERN SCOT YOU WILL SEE SOME OF THE GREATEST BATTLE SCENES XLhe Western Scot PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING AT THE CANTEEN, "THE WILLOWS" CAMP, VICTORIA, B. C. and Registered at the Quarter Guard as a FIRST CLASS Newspaper Terms of Subscription:—"Overseas". For sale by all news dealers. Price 5c per copy. Advertising rates on application to the Caterer. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6th, 1915 A REGRETTABLE CIRCUMSTANCE A most regrettable and unfortunate contra temps has recently taken place in connection with two invalid soldiers returned from the front- It would seem that two men invalided home to Victoria, owing to having developed tuberculosis, duly arrived here and were taken in charge by those whose duty it is to care for such cases. Shortly after the arrival of the two unfortunates referred to, orders were received from Ottawa that all such cases were to be treated at a sanatarium in the East. Accordingly, the two invalids were placed on the steamer en route for the new scene of their future treatment. Hardly had they been started on their way when further orders were received from Ottawa countermanding the trip East and directing them to remain on the Coast- It would seem that telegraphic advice was sent to the O-C- troops at Kamloops, asking him to intercept the two travellers and have them headed for Victoria again- Through some regrettable misunderstanding of the telegram, the two unfortunates were thought to be deserters and were taken from the .train and kept in .a guard tent all night with no extra provision made for their proper attention, with most disastrous results to one of the sick men, whose health had been rapidly failing. The two unfortunates, despite protests, were thus harshly treated and put aboard a westbound train and sent back to this city, where they arrived none too well disposed towards those who had thus, innocently, subjected them to such outrageous treatment. So much so, that one of the men visited the officials responsible and his indignation found vent in some pretty caustic remarks. To cap the climax of official blundering, word was received once more ordering the unfortunates to proceed East for treatment. However, it is stated that the local medical authorities of the Militia Department absolutely declined to allow the men to again undertake the trip, as it was apparent that they were in no fit state to withstand such a journey in their then condition of health. And so the men for the time being remain here for treatment. PIPE BAUN SKRACHS The 67th Brass Band has our hearty congratulations on its first public appearance -on Sunday last- Since Sunday the cornet work has improved very much and the general progress made suggests carefulness and musical sincerity on the part of the Bandmaster. Overheard on the Oval: "Wake up! No. 4 Company!" We have a little professional advice to give to some of the boys as regards taking up the step from the band. No names are mentioned, as in many cases the mistake in EVER FILMED IN THE "BROKEN COIN }? AT VARIETY THEATRE EVERY MON, TUES. AND WED. Concert Orchestra PRICES:—Main Floor, 10c; Box Seats, 25c. BIG HORN BRAND ETC! AHEAD OF ALL Shirts Overalls Tents Mackinaws SOLD BY ALL THE LEADING STORES Give yourself satisfaction and a British Columbian industry your patronage by using this superior brand TURNER, BEETON & COMPANY, LIMITED WHOLESALE DRY GOODS MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS ESTABLISHED 1862 VICTORIA, B. C. INCORPORATED 1902 question is not one of carelessness- You may have noticed that the drums, before the commencement of a tune, beat two groups, each consisting of three beats, as follows: One, two, three—One, two, three. The left foot comes down at "one" and "three-" To some of you this explanation may seem needless, but we have seen whole companies, commanders included, make the mistake of bringing down the right foot to the accented beats in music. The baun has "Rab Ha's" authority for the fact that the bagpipe is no kind of an instrument at all. Now, Rab, listen! You know you should not peddle such stuff to the staff, therefore we advise you to be guided by your own— (yes, we will say it) intelligence. You've eternally quered your chances of bumming a meal at the staff table. Have you ever noticed, Rab, that overworked tunic buttons go hand-in-hand with discontent? Talking of football, and the "Baun," did you ever hear of the "Chippendale Twins"? Anent our stove, the unquenchable Logie says: "Ye could mak' a braunder wi' a bit o' pailin' weer, an' roast yalla haddocks on't-" Oh! There's mony a hert'll be dowie an' saft, For we'll tak' awa Logie, the floower o' the draft. He's learnin' the chanter, An' weel he can blaw, He tells mirky baurs The best o' them a'; So the pipers and drummers '11 lauch tull they're daft, For we're sure tae get Logie, the floower o' the draft- Lauchie is considerably embarrassed these days. He dreads having his name too much in print, and is generally of a retiring disposition. A stitch in time saves nine, and this is published for the benefit of the "Western Scot," "Punch," "Mayfair," etc, etc The Regiment is justly proud of its football team. Is it also too proud to pay for football boots, or do the players really have to choose between playing barefooted and buying their boots? CRUNLUATH MACH. THE WESTERN SCOT "WESTERN SCOTS" (To the Tune of "Dublin Bay.") The Western Scots, the whole damned lot, They are going o'er to France. They will make those Germans dance Till they lose their baggy pants. Old Kaiser Bill and little Bill They will string upon a tree, And say, "Oh, Bill, just make your will, For we're going to Germanie." Sure you can have a furlough in A hole just dug for two; And listen to this little song, the Scots They wrote for you: Chorus Good-bye, old Kaiser Bill, you'd better make your will, For we are going, you see, To your late country, Germanie. We've heard it's fair to see; we're going there to see. With hate we're bubbling for Germanie. Oh! Colonel Ross sat on his horse, As they marched into Berlin. Of the girlies there were lots Just to see those Western Scots. Old Bill had skipped in an old airship, Of the Scots he was afraid. He'd heard the stories of the stuff The Western Scots were made They had a two-months' furlough, And the Scotties marched along, With Misses Hun they'd lots of fun, And to them sang their song. Chorus Good-bye, old Kaiser Bill, you'd better make your will, For we're here, you see, in your late country, ^'Germanie. The country's fair to see, for we've been there to see- With hate we're bubbling for Germanie. CORPL- GLEASON, No- 2 Company. S. B. SECTION As we are usually derisively dubbed "poultice wallopers," "pill-box hustlers," etc, it was quite refreshing to observe the neat little compliment paid us in last week's issue For such appreciation we return grateful thanks. Prof- Ronald's, good resolutions about dieting collapsed, and his belt almost gave way with last Sunday's tempting fare. He has taken to Swedish exercise with keenness, though he was overheard the other day, on the parade ground, saying softly, "Got strafe Sweden!" It is unofficially reported that the 50th S. B. men heard of the fire the other evening, through the kindly offices of Robt- Wallace. Did anyone hear him swear? According to the Hospital Orderly. Pte- Duncan passed a most comfortable night on Saturday. Oh! you dainty pillows! Our wounded warrior made a trip via automobile to the Jubilee Hospital last Tuesday to have his leg "X-rayed." We were all glad to learn that our M.O. had made an excellent job, and that the bones were well and truly set- Bill passes on sincerest thanks to the chauffeur for his skilful driving; indeed, the only jolt he got was leaving the Jubilee again. We see where Bill gets more visitors soon. Ptes- Dooley, Settle, Ede and Low made quite a hit at a Hallowe'en party on Saturday. Johnny's cute little moustache claimed much attention and broke many hearts- Johnny's favorite song is, "I Try to Raise a Face to Grow a Whisker!" We welcome to our cubicle Pte. Maysmith, druggist and ventriloquist—another star to our galaxy! Just wait till our concert! SIMON LEISER & CO. LIMITED Wholesale Grocers We carry in Stock a Large Line of Goods, and can Supply at Short Notice Tobaccos, Cigars and Cigarettes A SPECIALTY YATES STREET VICTORIA, B. C. VICTORIA'S FAMOUS BEER NOTED FOR ITS QUALITY AND PURITY NO CHEMICALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING OF OUR BEERS~~ For a Thirst, and a Non-Intoxicating Drink that is Refreshing and Satisfying DRINK "CUMTUX" Brewed by the Silver Spring Brewery. harry maynard, Manager IT'S A SHORT WAY TO TERRY'S THE MOST POPULAR SODA FOUNTAINS IN THE CITY FORT near DOUGLAS PANDORA and DOUGLAS Kodaks, Films Developed, - - 10 cents a Roll Prints, ----- 50 and 35 cents a dozen EXTRA!—Sergt- Burton's cat is dead! The scribe of No- i is wrong in thinking we were singing on that memorable occasion. We were merely rendering much-needed first aid to said cat- There was a speedy recovery, but the "Hymns of Hate" with which we were saluted in our cubicle, added to the crazy noise on Tuesday evening, was too much for the feline. If that cat has any more lives, we will- all apply for a discharge—from No. i Building. Did you see the amount of earth that No. i Company threw out in trenching on Thursday morning. Some work, and after pay day, too! "" THE WESTERN SCOT ATHLETICS (By Corpl. J. HEWITT) Today is the red letter day of the present soccer season so far as the Western Scots are concerned, for the Battalion representatives will take on the unbeaten Thistle team at Royal Athletic Park. The league standing shows three teams tied for first place with six points apiece, the Jacksons and Western Scots being on even terms with the Thistles. The latter, however, have a game in hand, their fixture with the 88th Regiment, scheduled for _ast week-end, having been called off because the grounds were not properly marked off. Thistles have a powerful defence, having had but two goals scored on them in three games, and they have a formidable attack which has managed to gather goals at the rate of almost three a game. Nevertheless the Battalion rooters will be keenly disappointed if the Western Scots fail to take the measure of the Victoria Scots this afternoon. The Sixty-Seventh team is going along splendidly now, and the players should render an excellent account of themselves today. It was perhaps fortunate for the Western Scots that they were given four games in which to find themselves before being called upon to meet the Thistles, for a lot of experimenting has had to be done. But now the team has had several real games as a whole, and they are beginning to work together as they should. L.ast Saturday the Western Scots had a delightful little workout against the Fifth Regiment team at Beacon Hill Park. A one-sided game ended in a three to one- score for the Scots, the event being notable only for the fact that the Fifth managed to get a goal, their first in four starts this season. The other league game last week was between the Jacksons and the Victoria Wests, and resulted, after a rather ragged exhibition, in a score of four goals for the Jacksons to one for the Wests. The league standing is appended: Goals Won Lost Drawn Points For Agst. Thistles 3 0 0 6 8 .2, jacksons 3 1 0 6 13 7 Western Scots 3 1 0 6 10 7 Victoria Wests 1 3 0 2 5 8 88th Fusiliers 0 2 1 1 1 6 Fifth Regiment ..... 0 3 1 1 1 8 Although the attendance was not what had been expected, the boxing tournament held under the auspices of the Battalion Sports Committee in the Horse Show Arena last Tuesday evening was a splendid success in every other respect, and as a result it is quite probable that the Western Scots will be treated to other similar events in the near future. The feature event between Seaman Russ L,eigh.on, of the Royal Canadian Navy, and Pte. McHugh, of the 67th draft, better known as Cyclone Scott, resulted most satisfactory from a Battalion standpoint, for the navy representative was declared the loser after the affair had gone the limit of twelve rounds. The bout, while hardly a good exhibition of boxing, was interesting, and, as is generally the way after a bout where both boxers finish on their feet with no great damage done to either, there was the usual criticism of the referee's decision. The Leighton supporters contended that their representative should have been awarded a draw, mainly, apparently, because of what he ought to have done instead of what he actually did. Leighton looked big enough and strong enough to annihilate Scott, and appeared to have something in reserve at all stages. But he overlooked the all-important fact that it is action that counts, and for practically all the distance he let Scott set the pace. After being clearly outpointed through the first eight rounds Leighton woke up and began to do some of the leading himself. But he started too late. He held his own in the ninth round, which was marred by reason of foul work by both principals, Leighton trying to wrestle Scott to the floor and Scott replying by butting, and then went on and had a margin in the next two sessions. In the final session both boxers tried hard to put over a finishing punch, but their efforts were wild, and the finish found them still at it, with the margin of points still on the Scott side of the ledger. The bout was under straight Marquis of Queensbury rules, as in vogue across the border, with the boxers permitted to hit at all times and HUDSON'S BAY CO. IMPERIAL MIXTURE A TOBACCO THAT PLEASES EVERYBODY 1-9 Pound Tin - Price 25c. 1-5 Pound Tin - Price 45c. 1-2 Pound Tin - Price 90c. 1 Pound Tin - Price $1.70 Service Pipes 25c and 50c. each TOBACCO AND SMOKERS' SUNDRIES The Royal Dainties Bakery NORTH PARK STREET W. J. KEEN & SON, Confectioners Wholesale and Retail In the manufacture of our Goods we use only THE BEST material obtainable. This is why THE SOLDIERS will insist on having KEEN'S PASTRY. Phone 51 87 R BURN KIRK'S WELLINGTON COAL Our Delivery is Unbeatable- KIRK & CO., LTD. 1212 BROAD STREET Phone 139 WRIST WATCHES FOUNTAIN PENS CIGARETTE CASES And a host of other articles useful to men who fight for us GOODS RIGHT—PRICES RIGHT—SERVICE RIGHT BUY YOUR XMAS GIFTS NOW Shortt, Hill & Duncan, Ltd. CENTRAL BLDG., VIEW AND BROAD STS. FOUNTAIN PEN. We Stock a large assortment for you to choose from. Headquarters for Soldiers' POCKET NOTE BOOKS. Also WATERMAN'S FAMOUS PENS. Your Active Service Kit not complete without one of these. From $2.50 up. OFFICE EQUIPMENT CO. LIMITED 726 FORT STREET, Near Ritz Hotel THE WESTERN SCOT breaking at the referee's command. As a result the affair was spoiled by frequent clinching. Leighton was content to hold on in the early part of the battle, evidently relying on kidney punches to weaken his adversary, while Scott piled up the points by steady, aggressive work. At no time was either boxer in danger and neither landed a blow that dazed the other, though on several occasions both were so tired from the constant clinching that the spectators at a distance may have had the impression their slowing up was due to punishment. Both were leg and arm weary at the end, and the final gong was very welcome. The loser promptly challenged his opponent to a return battle over a longer route and they may hitch up again, when the sailor will be, afforded an opportunity to give a better display of judgment. Had he started his rally earlier on Tuesday there might have been a different ending, and he doubtless realizes his mistake now. The preliminary bouts were replete with action. Seaman Seedhouse, of the Navy, was too clever for Pte. Parsons, of the 67th, and though the budding soldier packed. a deadly wallop in his right hand he could not connect sufficiently often to win, though he earned a draw after four rounds. The bout was fought under amateur rules and there seemed to be some confusion in the minds of the spectators as to what constituted a clinch, for Pte. Parsons was jeered for hitting at close quarters when he was perfectly correct. It takes two men to make a clinch, and just so long as a boxer is not holding he is entitled to hit, even though his opponent may be hanging on for dear life. It is the boxer who is holding who is doing the fouling. Pte. Boyce, of the 67th draft, who is eager to hook up with Joe Bayley, the erstwhile Canadian lightweight champion, in a headline bout, showed a lot of class in his bout with Pte, Dunn, also of the draft. JBoyce was all over Dunn from the start, and dropped him for the count in the second round with a right to the jaw, after giving him a severe pounding. Boyce and Bayley would make a great contest, and as both ate of the aggressive, willing type of performers, the affair undoubtedly would be brimful of action. The bout between Pte. Augustine, of the 67th, and Seaman McCov. who substituted for Seaman Milne, was a rich bvrlesciue. and ended in a hurry when the boxers —knorkft-L-dj^vft-tlie ropes in.%\sjjJd charge. McCJoy was given the verdict after less than a minute of comedy in the first round. A couple of navy boxers put on a two-round exhibition to fill out the card. During the evening the 67th Battalion brass band and pipers supplied some excellent music, the brass band playing the new Regimental March. A pleasing feature of the evening was the presentation by Colonel Lome Ross of a cane and belt to Battalion Sergt.- Major Boys, the gift of the N.C.O.'s of the 67th. RUGBY The Rugby Club is now well under way, and hopes to settle down to serious business during the present week. The only stumbling block is the matter of colors. The Sports Committee has not yet decided on them, and we therefore cannot place the orders. We understand that it is not so much choosing colors as being able to get a sufficient number of jersevs of the colors decided on which is delaying the Sports Committee. We have got a field to the west of the camp, and with the generous—and, of course, voluntary—aid of a number of defaulters, it is being put into good shape. Messrs. Lemon & Gonnason were good enough to donate the posts and cross-bars and deliver them on the grounds. Lieut. Meredith is entirely responsible for the rapid progress made in the formation of the club. We have several first class players in the various companies. Pte. Ryan, who is a first class half-back, was unfortunate enough to break his collar-bone in a practice game, but is now getting along rapidly, and hopes to be able to play again in a few weeks. Lieut. Meredith is a first class wing three-quarter, but he also is on the injured list as a result of a practice game. Amongst the Nanaimo men in No. 1 Co. there is the makings of a fine husky pack. It is hoped that matches will be arranged with various local regiments and also with the various regiments in Vancouver and New Westminster. The club is indebted to Pioneer-Sgt. Smith and his staff for their aid in erecting the goal posts. Standard Steam Laundry LI M ITED WE CATER TO THE SOLDIERS' TRADE Our Wagons Call at the Camp Every Morning. WORK GUARANTEED PHONE 1017 WPRKS, 841 VIEW ST. FLAGS I LO MOTOR GREASES ILO MOTOR OILS PETER McQUADE & SON, Ltd. SHIP CHANDLERS WSSk 1214 WHARF ST. VICTORIA, B. C. IA/HERE TO BUY Ross's Imported Royal Belfast Ginger Ale Ross's Imported Dry Ginger Ale Schwepp's Imported Ginger Ale Griffin's Devonshire Cider ^^^Imported and Domestic Cigarettes and ^Cigars, Tobaccos ana' Pipes ~ - =-J Full line of Confectionery Prompt Attention to all Orders. R. P. RITHET &, CO., LIMITED 1113 WHART ST., VICTORIA, B. C. P. M. LINKLATER Military Tailor 1114 BROAD ST. VICTORIA, B. C. OPPOSITE SPENCERS _fi Corona" Portable Typewriter WEIGHS 8„. LBS. WITH CASES RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT Card-playing platoon of No. i Company "numbering/' One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King, Ace- A large number in use in the Army and Navy at the Front UNITED TYPEWRITER CO. AGENTS UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITERS 732 FORT ST., VICTORIA, B. C. Phone 4798 THE WESTERN SCOT ^T>HE Mouth Organ is a simple but a cheery instrument—just the thing for those dreary wet days when there is no parade, and time hangs heavy between lectures. Why not have one in YOUR section ? We have all the best, makes at low prices MEN IN KHAKI ALWAYS WELCOME FLETCHER BROS. Western Canada's Largest Music House 1231 GOVERNMENT ST. Phone 885 INVITA TION SHAVINGS FROM THE PIONEERS' WORKSHOP We hear that Pte- Jones, Q.M. Stores, has in captivity a very fine collection of "Quadruped Greybackius." Visitors will please give the Trainer at least ten minutes' notice beforehand, as they are very securely screwed down- Investigating committees, please note same, as the burner is very quick-tempered. P-S-—Pte. Jones runs a grave danger of going /'bughouse. " Observing one of the Cook's Staff getting around very easily in six inches of mud last week, we complimented him on his ingenuity in inventing the pontoons on his feet— but we got badly stung when he told us it was his ordinary issue of boots- Apologies, old man; we thought "twelves" were the largest size in stock. It happened in Scotland about four years ago. A big farm servant had gone to town for a holiday and had got into a fight with a soldier very much smaller than himse f- The._ country in an had tht >.) worst of itT.-„?.iid on being J". be"-hc Ie. tlTe little fellow beat him, hj_ replied, "Well, it's his trade, onyway." This occurred in town last week. The party under discussion is one of the Pioneers: First Small Boy: "Say, Bill, what are them there axes on that guy's arm for?" Second Small Boy (with look of great disgust at his chum's ignorance): "Why them's the fellers what chops the kindlings for the cooks." The Last "Is the Pioneer Sergeant around?" *0 "Yes; what do you want?" "I want to borrow a Stilson wrench." "For regimental use, is it?" "Sure! My wife came to town today and I want to go , down today and fix up the boiler." Collapse of yours truly, "HAMISH." FROM THE SPARKER Lance-Cpl. Henderson has been suffering with a swollen jaw, the past week, presumably trying to take the place of ex-Signaller Chapman, as the marquee orator. Give it up, Corporal, it can't be did- We are pleased to state that T- C- Murphy, formerly of the 30th Battalion, that left here in January for England, and after five weeks in the Old Country was drafted into the 15th Battalion, is now with the 67th, as Sergeant of the real "Suicide Club," better known as the Bomb Throwers. Sergt- Murphy took active part in the battles of La Bassee and Festubert, where he was wounded. Sergt- Murphy was offered his choice of any quarters in camp, and, after looking over the situation, naturally chose to stay with the Signallers, owing to their comfortable quarters. Sergt. Johnston, of the Pipe Band, insists that a certain section (of 32 men) be taught the wonderful art of keeping step for at least half a mile at a stretch. Farther than that seems out of the question- The DOMINION HOTEL, Yates Street, extends a courteous invitation to the Officers and Men of His Majesty's Forces to make the DOMINION HOTEL their Headquarters when in the City. Make the Hotel your Club—your Home—your Meeting Place — write your letters in our commodious Writing Room. The duty of economy is the most popular text of the day. A de Luxe meal is served for 50 cents. It is the Dining Room that wins so many favors for the DOMINION HOTEL. A high standard of food and service is always maintained. Try our meals. Breakfast, 50 cents—Luncheon, 50 cents— Dinner, 50 cents. A special Military Rate for rooms of 75 cents single and $1.00 double will be made to all men in the Service. Ask yqur Jitney Driver to leave you of. at the DOMINIQN HOTEL. A change to a first-class home-like Hotel from barracks or camp life when on leave will prove agreeable. You are Welcome at the DOMINION for a minute—a meal—a day—or a week. Come any time- STEPHEN JONES, Proprietor We are wondering if there has been a Zeppelin raid in the region of the Machine Gun Section, as their machine guns are out of commission. We have* observed that "No- 2 gun" is dismantled; presumably was struck- by a high explosive shell- Eh, Jimmy? Here's a good one: About four days after Sergt- Murphy had returned to Victoria from the Old Country, he was stopped on the street by a "Recruiter" of the 88th, and the following conversation took place: Recruiter—"Well, you're a husky young fellow; what-do you say about joining the 88th?" Sergt. Murphy—"Sorry, but I don't know how to shoot." Recruiter—"Ha, we will teach you that in no time, and make a good soldier out of you." Owing to the laughter of some of the spectators, that overheard the conversation, the subject was dropped. Ever since Pte. Davey attended the performance at the Pantages on Monday night and saw the educated dog, he has been trying to educate his motor cycle into doing stunts. For instance, rolling over, without command. Our old friend Sergt- Cory, of No. 5 Company, was seen directing No. 4 Platoon at trench digging the other day- When do you submerge, Sergeant? We would like to state that there is no connection between Pioneer-Sergt- Smith and Pte. Dakers, No. 102953 (notice we got his number?) although their football abilities and the color of their hair are similar- Pay-Sergt. Best says it's against K. R-, Para. 0,111,300, Sec. 123^4, Diagram ZTX, Triangle O, neuter gender, divided by two broom handles, to draw any money between pay days! Yep, so be it- There is no truth in the report that Cpl. Kendall has "tooken" unto himself a wife. Our zealous Corporal having been married twice and participated in four campaigns, says he prefers a faith campaign to another adventure in the sea of matrimony. Don't mistake the last word for "Marmora," either. The Battalion Poet, Sergt. Burton, No. 1 Company- well I guess he's SOME poet, believe me! "S.O.S." i the glorious Spanisit govern- ment. Commenting on the above a writer in a Chicago daily observed: The "Loyalist" government in Spain is rightly named—It is "loyal" lo Soviet Russia. • • • On November 20, 1938, the Lawyers Guild, at a meeting in Washington, demanded the lifting of the embargo on arms to Spain. Two days later, an anti-Nazi gathering in Madison Square Garden in New York, which was constituted largely of Communists, demanded two things, namely, action against the persecuted in Germany and machine guns for the Loyalist cause in Spain. Machine guns had already shot to pieces 25,879 religious centers and from forty to fifty per cent of the priests in Spain. On the island of Minorca, where 100 priests had served 40,000 people, 38 of the priests had already been murdered. At that time only one small chapel was open in the large city of Barcelona. • • • Sam Baron, of New York, a former Spanish War Correspondent, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party of America, testified before a House Committee on November 22, 1938 and said: CLAN MACRAE CHIEFSHIP. SIR COLIN MACRAE'S PETITION REFUSED. DECISION OF LORD LYON KING OF ARMS. Edinburgh, Thursday. Sir Colin Macrae, Edinburgh, having presented a petition to the Lyon King of Arms praying that he be recognised as Chief of the Clan MacRae, and to be granted a coat of arms with supporters accordingly, the following judgment was issued this morning: — Edinburgh, 22nd April, 1909.—The Lord Lyon King of Arms, having taken the proof and heard counsel for the parties thereon, finds that the petitioner has failed to prove use of arms or supporters previous to the passing of the Act "concerning the Privilege of the office of Lyon King" at arms, 1672, Cap. 47; refuses the prayer of the petitioner, and decerns. (Signed) J. Balfour Paul, Lyon. THE CLAN MACRAE. By " Creagan an Fhithich." Fart I. A claim' to tbe Chiefship of the Clan MacRae has recently been; before the Court of the Lyon King at Arms. The claim is certainly unique and presumes on the easy acceptance of unauthenticated and recent traditions. As set forth on a tombstone' in Clachan; Duich, the assumption of Chief shipi was readily accorded, or perhaps acquiesced in, by a haindfui of people in Kintail, whose acquirements in history are ais vague as their pretensions to a full knowledge are emphatic. There is, perhaps, no other Highland glen whose old traditions have been so completely distorted as those of Kintail. They have been almost eradicated by the false legends implanted by the first Earl of Oromairtie, whose versions of history have been widely received and spread by modern popular writers on clan history. The claim, however, to which we have referred is not mentioned even in Oromartie's writings, nor by any other writer of his period, neither is it suggested by any valid inference from their writings. It is of very recent date. The Rev. John MacRae, Episcopal minister of Dingwall, who died in 1704, the first writer to give any authentic details concerning the MacRaes, write® of them as servants and loyal retainers at one time of the Bissets, again of the Frasers, and. lastly of the Mackenzies. The siuit is thus set- forth : — TTnto Sir James Balfour Paul, Lord Lyon King of Arms.—The Petition of Sir Colin George Macrae, Knight Bachelor, Writer to His Majesty's Signet, residing at 45 Moray Place, Edinburgh, Humbly sheweth,— That the Petitioner is the second but eldest surviving son of the late John Antony Macrae. That the Petitioner and his ancestors, as Chiefs of the Clan Macrae, have used certain armorial ensigns from a period long anterior to the passing of the Act of Parliament, 1672, Gap. 47, but that the same have never been, recorded in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, in terms of the said statute. That the Petitioner is desirous that his position as Chief of the Clan Macrae might be Officially recognised by your Lordship in terms of the statement of facts set forth in the Memorial for the Petitioner^ produced herewith, and that the said armorial ensigiis might now be matriculated in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, in his own name as Chief of the Clan Macrae, all in terms of said statute. May it therefore please your Lordship to grant warrant to the Lyon Clerk to matriculate in, the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings,, in Scotland in. name of the Petitioner asUmet of Ul© Clan Macrae.; Ensigns Armorial above indicated, all terms of the said Act of Parliament. And your Petitioner will ever pray. , Colin G. Macrae. Answers for Major John. MacRae- Gilstrap of Bailimore were lodged to Sir Colin G. Macrae's petition. The respondent, who is the second son. of the deceased Duncan MacRae, denies that the petitioner is Chief of the Clan Macrae, and that either the said Colin Macrae or any other ancestor whom the petitioner represents as heir male, was Chief of the said clan, or used any ensigns armorial in that character either anterior or subsequent to the Act, 1672, Cap. 47. The Petitioner is called upon to state specifically what the said armorial ensigns are, and by whom he alleges them to have been used. , , .. . • . The Respondent further submits that in any event, the prayer of the Petition should be refused as incompetent, in so far. as it craves the Court to recognise the Petitioner as Chief of the said Clan MacRae. It is stated that the Petitioner and his ancestors, as Chiefs of the Clan MacRae have used certain armorial ensigns from a period long anterior to the passing of the Act of Pari1 a- ment, 1672. Neither the " Memorial" containing: j the " statement, of facts " adduced as evidence, nor the witnesses, nor counsel for petitioner brought forward any proof of the statement here made. An entry in the Porteous MS, (1661) was quoted as their sole authority. The entry reads : Macraich—Argent, a f esse betwixt three stars in chief, and a lion rampant gules. There is no proof that this name in the Porteous MS. is MacRae or any form, of the name. ' MacRath in Gaelic is said to mean "Son of Grace or Luck," whilst the Porteous Macraich might be translated in the same language as " Son, of the Gallows "—certainly an elevated, if \ somewhat ignoble and undesirable eponymuS. The assertion that MacRae and Macraich are identical, and further, that the latter was in his day Chief of the MacRaes of Kintail, are assumptions which argue splendid historical effrontery, or a bold appeal to " argumentum ad ignoran- The petitioner was further desirous that his position, as Chief of the Clan MacRae %mU be officially recognised by the Lor& i T ",:. ,v„ i-v. hivinr'ical basis set forth m r-- Memorial " for the pet_uo_. i This statement of facts is elaborately ! detailed by the writer of the "Memorial, | ! but his interpretation of Highland history 1 does more credit to his ingenuity in adapting authorities and culling phrases to his purpose than in elucidating the point in question. He sums up his chief arguments thus: —The name MacRae is one of the earliest surnames used in the Highlands, and the clan was known to " definite history as early as the 12th century. # This we are expected to receive on the •• ipse dixit" of the writer, who has not brought forward proof which will bear criticism. Again—■ that early organisation did not disappear. The leading family appeare to have been treated from the remotest times as the beads of an individual body The early Lovats sent their sons to be fostered with Macrae of Clunes, and treated him as one of the " Barrones dependant one him. Reduced to plain " statement of facts, the early Lovats of the different families of Bisset, Graham, and Fraser did in turn show their appreciation of the services ot MacRae of Clunes, their tenant, who was not as the writer would seem to wish us to 'infer, one of the eight << Bissets Barrones," but was in charge of the clogs by entrusting him with the fosterage of their children, allowing him the lands, etc., customary in such cases. The MacRaes had this only organisation. They were the "brazen wall" of the Bissets, the " Guard de Core" of the , Frasers, and later, the " Shirt of Mail of the Mackenzies. The MacKrayes were men of currage and conduct, very useful to the Bisset in his expeditions to Glenelg and getting m his duties there yearly.—Wardlaw MS., p. bO. [Hugh Fraser, Lord Lovat] went in person (1417) with his kindred and followers to Glenelg, the McKrays being his guids and guard de core, and fixt his marches with the McKleods.—Wardlaw MS. The above epithets and quotations are indicative of the position of the MacRaes in regard to the several Chiefs of the clans mentioned. It would serve no useful purpose to j follow the memorialist through the mazes j of his reasoning. His two principal argu- j nients on the supposed antiquity of the naime and alleged early organisation already dealt with are supported! by th© following weak contentions, viz : —Members of the Clan married ladies of good social position; they were financially sound and entertained hospitably; therefore they were Chiefs ! This logic requires no comment. The conclusion of the syllogism might be more happy thus: — therefore, they were " Sons of Luck,", real MaoRaths! As for the hospitality mentioned, it is explained in more prosaic fashion by the Rev. John MacRae: — The Constable (of Eilan Bonon) was bound to furnish them (the Mackenzie Chief and his immediate retainers) victuals for the first two maels, till my lord's officers were ac-, quainted to bring in his own customs.—MS. ' History of the MacRaes. The MacRaes were undoubtedly a tribe or clan in a correct but restricted sense, inasmuch as the headship, as in the case of some other small and subordinate! tribes, be-* longed to a Chief, who was head of a clai* understood in the equally correct btttv wider sense of the term. A clan consisted of kinsmen related; to one Ceann-Oinnidh, who was Tighearna over all; of subordinat tribes dwelling on some of the lands of this Tighearna; and the descendants of broken men, native, etc., within the bounds belonging to the said Tighearnai. The subordinate tribes or clans might, or might not, have one head of their own kin, on whom many of the members depended very much as cottars to-day depend on the farmer on whose lands they squat. In the case of the MacRaes, however, there were not one, but several Cinn taighe, who in time of war, ae for example in 1715, would hold the position of officers in the regiments of Seaforth, the Ceann-cinnidh and Tighearna;. The Maclennans and Mathesons and others were also subordinate septs or clans like the MacRaes, on an equal footing with them, though perhaps not as loyal to the head of the great Clan, Mackenzie. The MacRaes were traditionally loyal to Mackenzie, and in return he lavished favours upon them. At all times they were ready to fight in his quarrels, and by their well-known prowess, gave the necessary stiffening to the other portions of his clan, especially to those bearing his own name, who are described in a secret Stuart paper (1710?) :—" The Mackenzies, loyal, but indifferent good men." Throughout the whole of their1 history as we know it, we find the MacRaes as vassals and retainers of, in the first place, the Lords of Lovat, of the families of Bisset, Graham, and Fraser; and, secondly, of the Mackenzies, Lords of Kintail and Earls of Seaforth. "We find no record of any member of the clan laying claims to chiefship. The memorialist whom we have so often referred to, gravely tells us that this is accounted for, in great part, by an excess of modesty on the part of his ancestors, " by an extraordinary lack of the ambition for self-advancement.'' THE MORE §COTTI$H SETTLERS. The settlement of Scottish farmers in Southwestern Ontario by Rev. R. A. MacDonell, M.C, who was Chaplain of the Seaforth Highlanders from Vancouver during the war, Is proceeding along sound lines. Beginning in a small way at Charing Cross in Kent county, the movement is spreading into Essex. The men already brought to Canada have proved excellent farmers. The principal reason is that they were instructed in the conditions and trained to the work required in this country. Rev. Father MacDonell announces that 150 men will come out to Canada this spring from the North of Scotland, where they have ! worked hard on farms all their lives. They fwill find farming methods here ^different j i from those to which they have bein accrs-! i tomed, but as they desire to settle in On-1 tario and in time have farms of their own they are determined to overcome the difficulties in their way. They are coming to Essex and Kent, and are prepared to make engagements to work for local farmers for a year, after which they expect to have acquired sufficient experience to warrant them in bringing out their families. Canada has room for hundreds of thousands of farmers with a working knowledge of our farming conditions. They are absor* iutely necessary to improve the railway situation. It is to be hoped that these Highland settlers in Southwestern Ontario will be as successful as the Highlanders in the Eastern counties of the Province. I was deceived, arid with the exception of a few who favor Communism all the intellectuals in Spain have had to flee for their lives. It is our own doing, for the revolution was our work. Every day they are still killing men and women simply because they are suspected of having independent opinions. * *. 4 * * THE NEW YORK PM SAID some months ago, in criticizing Archbishop Spellman for saying a friendly word about Spain and Franco, that there was not a Communist in the Loyalist Army. But note what George Dimitroff, the official head of the Moscow; Third International, had to say through the Daily Worker, official publication of the Moscow voice: The Spanish proletariat headed by the Communist Party and marching in the front ranks of the people, is honorably fulfilling Its duty in the front line of the struggle against world reaction and fascism. The international proletariat, on its part, must fulfill its duty to the end towards Continued on Page,,.3, Religions Section ancT more particularly its immense potential from the transport standpoint for bringing benefit to mankind, so that the ideals of Robert Burns on universal, brotherhood may be brought nearer to realization. Transport we know is civilization. What part has Nova Scotia played in its development ? The shores that welcomed Cabot after the first east to west Atlantic crossing saw centuries later the first steam driven packet set out on its first west to east crossing — the great conception of Cunard. The first power driven airplane to be piloted in the Empire by a British subject circled the same land that welcomed Cabot. It is, to a Cape Breton Islander, Douglas MacCurdy, that honor falls in double fashion as with the help of others Islanders he designed and made the aircraft in which he was the first to fly in The Empire. When I saythe first to fly, I mean the first to make a power driven flight in a heavier than air machine- under control, not to fly in a balloon or a glider, was a Scot from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia* and the first to fly in this fashion in the United Kingdom was Brabazon of Tara, an Irishman, so we can see that the Gael has been actively interested in the development of aeronautics from the earliest days. Th,e pioneer flight, of MacCurdy, who is very active.today in matters pertaining to the air, was carried out on February 23, 1909, in the presence of Alexander Graham Bell, a fellow Aberdonian, whose genius gave us the telephone, Casey Baldwin and other distinguished persons. Nova Scotia has yet another claim to fame in the historical phase of aeronautical development as Casey Baldwin, a grandson of a one-time premier of Ontario, and now a Cape Breton Islander by adoption, was the first British subject to fly a power driven airplane in the world/March 12, 1908. The importance of air transport in the post war world, can not be exaggerated and it is obviously a source of pride to Nova Scotians to realize the great lead given by these two pioneers who are active today in the field in which they have made history. It is well that we should remember that the true pioneer— and MacCurdy and Baldwin were certainly in the lead — had only in mind a development that would bring benefits to mankind at large. Had they but seen the misuse to which the 'genius of man was to be put by the Nazis they would no doubt have kept their ideas dark, if in fact they would ever have* experimented. The course of this war shows quite clearly that the turning point in favor of those who stood alone on the Christian front — the British — was the success achieved in the Battle of Britain. Had the luftwaffe not been driven out of the skies by the R. A. F., in which so many from Canada and other parts of the Empire, were serving, then subsequent events for our civilization would indeed have been, terrible, as it would have had to suffer an eclipse for a period. We have much to thank God for, and all the leaders of the United Nations are urging a return to those simple Christian virtues from which the world has strayed so far. Perhaps the great Empire statesman, Field Marshal Smutts, put the matter with outstanding clarity when he said not long ago the world has no need of a new order of the type so much vaunted by the Nazis but only, "The honest and courageous application of the historic Christian ideal. Let us follow the greatest light that has ever arisen on the human horizon which can surely lead to that better world, for which the people everywhere are'longing." I realize to the full that in addressing a iellow Scot it is not necessary to try to put in words every single thought that passes in one's mind on an occasion so important, as is this, my coming home to Nova Scotia. But you will understand, Mr. Premier, the inner meaning, and perhaps these few lines will strike the chord that will bring a complete unanimitv of thought: Tha na miltean an diugh a? bruidhinn canain nanrGaidheal anns an t-Seann Duthaich ged tha; thatar 'g a h-ionnsachadli anns na sgoiltean, agus tha gea'lladh air aiseirigh na teanga bhlasda anns na linntean a tha tighinn ann an Tir nam Beann Arda, agus ann an eileanan Tir nan Og, mathair chiatach sliochd nam fear^fearail*. Nova Scotians have pioneered in many fields and the im- ^ortance of this work is recorded in history. As one concerned with the development and practise of aeronautics for over three decades, I'would like to say a word o;i this all-important subject Things I". Didn't Kf_ow About Canada (Walter Winch ell in Ottawa CHizen}. Canada, is the only one of America's allies which has not usee! lease- lend help .. .Most of her /money payments to the Allies have been outright gifts because Canada is opposed to piling war debts .. .The United iStates is Canada's best, customer; and she tops of the list our best customers Canada is the worlds largest producer of aluminum. -Last year she produced more than the whole world- did in 1939. Canada is the world's largest producer M nickel and is practically the only source of supply available to the United^, .Nations.; . TCanada is the world's largest..producer of asbestos, terrifically important on aircraft carriers and battleships .. .She is a heavy producer of lead, zinc and mercury, and the most important discovery of tungsten ore yet found on this 7 continent ..is now being developed by the Canadian government direct.. .It's the backbone of battle armor; Without Canadian radium the field servicer and hospitals of the United Nations' armies would be almost helpless . „ .Canada is producirg five times as nVuch armor plate7 guns and tools 7a she did in 1939 . . .She is producing 16 types of gun carriages and mountings, although before she entered the war she^nSd'heve.* manufactured a big gun ...She has delivered 100,000 units to date .. .Canada has the largest small arms factory in the British Empire. She has produced 'more than a million rifles and enough ammunition to fire 300 shots at every soldier in the German army ...Canada is second only to us in building ships, although she had not built a sea-going cargo ship in 20 years when Hitler marched • on Poland. Canada supplies all the Signal Corps of the United Nations- with a large amount of their equipment, including' nearly 100' types of signalling sets . . .Canada has developed a new secret explosive for the invasion —the most powerful in the world. About five out of every six Canadian soldiers you see are volunteers —the Canadian army has the largest volunteer force in the world ... The Canadian navy, which had only 15 .hips before the war, now has. more than 700 at sea .. .The Canadian navy is 45 times larger in men .. .Canada provided the invention which licked the magnetic nine :. .it was the Canadian navy which developed the sea sickness pills which are used by all the APies ... Canada has developed the most secret type of ground and air defection apparatus, which is protecting your home in a way that the Luftwaffe would like to know but which only Einstein could explain. The Royal Canadian Air Force has 200,000 men manning its planes ...There are 36 R.C.A.F. sqaadrons overseas.. .The Royal Air Force it self depends for one^-quart; strength on RG.A,F. crews,,»The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan is based in Canada .. -Practicing every man in the. of 'His Majesty who-has "anything to' do with a plane learned how to handle his job in Canada... Nineteen out out-of 20 of tlie boys who are dropping the bad news on B< vim got the know-how irr Cslriad■■> . , .Three out (si four of tr^effnen who pl.t. the courses of every plane in the British Empire learned to .do it in the country north of your- border. The newspaper* you are probably is' . printed " on newsprint. Canada is by fer largest producer of newsprint in the wo>"id .. .In spite of her terrific war effot, Canada is sending more newsprint to the United States than she did at the start of the war. A large part of Canadian newsprint goes in direcf\ support of our own War effort became American production has de clinuvi f24 per cent and our othe markets have almost disappeared. ...In our crucial year of 1941 Canadian production of newsprint wa more -than three times that: of. 7th United. States—everybody knows h ov much "paper a bureaucrat can use. When the smcke of war * clears Canada will emerge as one of*', the very great powers of the world ... Canada, and Alaska are the air crossroads for Europe and Asia. Before the half-century mark has been reached giant airliners will be going ovei* the top of Europe, As*a and Africa, non-stop from Canada.. . Canada already has the tallest office building in the British Empire, the largest hotel in the British Empire and the largest fishing grounds in the world. ..The Canadian Pacific Railway is the world's largest transportation system and has responded to war challenge as mag- anificently as American transportation. It also operates a fleet of ocean I steamships and an expanding m.m- j ber of air routes. ( In Canada price ceilings mean ; something .. .The cost of living has 4 gone up only two per cent :n two j years, while in the United States?1 j and Australia it went up almost 14 | per cent on the same scale of mcas- | Urement... The Canadian people are | shelling out taxes at a rate which | would equal more than 30 billion \ dollars in this, country .. .Last year the government of MacKenzie King threw four billion dollars in the kitty to beat Hitler . . .Production and national income in Canada have doubled since the start of the war ... After the war Canada will expand like we did in 1900.. .The Ships shaw power developed in Northern Canada has an installed capacity equal to the total capacity of Niagara Falls plants on both sides of of the river. It has. a continuous out- j put of electrical energy greater Lard SempilPs recent address to the boards of trade in Ottawa in favor of 20th century economics has brought forth the usual comment from.a negative source. It cannot be denied that the British peer lias a notable record of public service, based on practical experience in commerce and industry as well as in war: so the negative comment is that he is no expert in finance. The record of many so-called experts has been so discredited in the ^ears since the last waiv few men with modern business experience would hold it against Lord! Sempill that he cannot be classed among the orthodox authorities of debt finance.) As he has well said: Our economic theories were formulated under the influence of econo^ mists of the last and earlier centuries. The application of science to industry has brought about, in an incredibly short space of time, the greatest revolution in the whole course of human history in the fundamental facts upon which all our economic thought is based, than that of our own great Boulder j Dam plant.. .Canada, with less than i aiifth of its water power resources- developed, has the second large u amount of hydro-electric generating^ capacity of any country in the world, i Tbe Canadian Foreign .Office (Ex- ternal Affairs Department) is a completely independent diplomatic service, and our diplomats in Wa»sh- j ington say that it is the finest in the world, which is a strange coincidence, since that's what our army an$ navy men say of the Canadian fight- ers .. .that out of this war has come closer Canadian-American relationship than ever before. Our best customer to the north is also cur best protection when the chips are down, "Right Or Wrong Who Were Loyal? A Fixed Election Recall These Atrocities Russia*s Work fit Spain Red's Friends Testify Were They Civilized? WE WOULD CALL YOUR AT- tention to the three column edi-' torial on the subject of "Spain" which appears on this page. It is insinuated in that editorial that people over here believe that the Loyalists*were constituted of those elements* which had elected the last-Cortes or Parliament in Spain. Bnt Gil Robles, who headed, the Rightist Party in that election said, shortly after: In the elections of. February, 1936, the victory beldnged to the Rights by a .majority of 40p,000. The Leftists,]^ brute force, with the help, of efejie police, seized the i billots of .ijfl§; constituencies of Coruna, Pontevedra, Lugo, Ca- ceres, Cordova and Seville, and • altered them-in their own favor. In this way they managed to get a small majority in Parliament. The first act of this majority, was to annul totally or in part, the elections "in* Granada, Cuenca, I Salamanca, and Burgos, so that the Leftists obtained a fictitious majority, enabling them to form ja Government which was illegal from its very origin. * * • *, Even before the outbreak of the Revolution, Gil Robles said: \ From the assumption of office in February, 1936, to the outbreak of tfce revolution, the Government ><of the Frente Popular was responsible for the following crimes: t^e. burning of 84 churches, 4 newspaper offices, 36 political centers, and 92 private houses of persons of the Right. It killed 25$ persons and injured more than 1,000. It seized without indemnification 300 private i properties and closed more than 800 Catholic institutions. • • * [. Dr. Gregoria Maranon, one of ihe founders of the Spanish Re-; public in ah interview (February, 1937) with the Petit Parisien, s&r been killed. All the churches in 23 dioceses have been burned. • • • The above report Is confirmed by Frederic Dupont, who, in the French Chamber of Deputies, on December 19, 1937, declared that the Reds had committed too many crimes to be regarded as civilized I people. He continued: I bring to this tribune, some documents. They establish that in the Red zone, occupied by the Government forces, almost all the priests and religious have been killed. These documents are photographs, and investigations giving the name of the victims, the data and the place of their execution. So that no one may accuse me of exaggeration, I place my documents at the disposal of the Minister personally. I do this with the authorization of my informers. I know that the Minister will not divulge the names, for in this tragic situation he has maintained a humane attitude. • • • The widespread prejudice against Spain, which became manifest at the time of the Spanish Civil War, I had existed latently over many f years. Spain was one of the few countries in the entire world which j never gave encouragement to the new religions which had their origin in the sixteenth century. Then several generations of Am- j ericans had^ been poisoned by | school textbooks dealing with his- | tory. - Spain was represented in these books as a backward nation, as the country which conducted ■ an Inquisition of intolerance. People have never been told that when Spain was most Catholic, it was the most progressive nation in the world, a nation which furnished the most heroic explorers of all times. The credit for ' the discovery of North and South America, and of the islands in between, belongs to Spain. • • • As to the Inquisition, its purpose was entirely * different from what the textbooks represent it to have been, and its advertised cruelties cannot be substantiated. In fact the Inquisition was mild compared to the Inquisitions which have taken place during the last decade in Russia, in\ Germany. Enemies of the Church put more Catholic clergy and religious to death in Spain during the years 1936 and 1937, than were executed throughout the many years in which the Inquisition, a State institution, functioned. Before the Civil War in Spain was half over, Amalecta, the official bulletin of the Capuchin I Franciscan Order, reported that 93 Capuchins had been killed by thej Brittany Catholic French Province I (Continued From Page B our) When the Bretons arbitrarily mov- Jed the bishopric to f^uerande. This Ismail but perfectly?* preserved town, with -its fifteenth century wall and twelfth century cathedral, is but a few miles northwest of St. Nazaire. The wall, its four gates and ten of the, original eleven towers are in an excellent [state of preservation. The nost lunique feature of the cathedral is fits outdoor pulpits Vannes had a Gallo-Rornan Bishop, St. Patern, in the fifth century. St. Brieue was a monas- | tery, founded by a Gallic Monk of that name, long before it became a See. The Christian origins of Quimper are lost in obscurity, but two, of its early Bishops are mentioned as attending Merovingian councils. The Christian history of JNantes - begins with the martyrdom of two brothers, SS. Donatian ||tnd itogatian. For political con- evictions, 9,QQ0 of its citizens were, drowned iri,the Loire, tied back to back, or executed by order of Carrier in 1793., Le Braz has described the Breton Saints as "chiefs of spiritual clans." Every village or hamlet has its special Saint, but the names of mainy of them do not appear on the official calendar of Saints. St. Ives, the Treguier lawyer and friend of the poor, is a nbtable exception. The tomb of St, Vincent Ferrer, the Spanish Dominican, is in the Vannes Cathedral. Breton "Pardons" The Breton "pardon'' is a feast in honor of a patron saint at which an indulgence may be gained, and is celebrated usually between March and October. The more famous are the pardon of the poor! to St. Ives' tomb at Treguier; the singers' pilgrimage in honor of Notre Dame de Rumengol; the pardon of those who have escaped death by fire, at Sj;. Jean-du- Doight; the mountain pardon at St. Ronan's hermitage near Quimper, and the pardon of the sea at St. Anne de la Palue. But the greatest of all pardons is at St. Anne d'Auray. A abattle was fought at Auray in ;*~-364 which decided the "War of the Two Joans" and settled the question of the Breton succession, \but this and; all else is overshadowed by the fame of the shrine two miles away. The pardon is held in March, in May and on July 25. The iirsrt chapel at Keranna * (Anne's Village) was, destroyed : in the seventh century but itssJ memory was kept alive and in the seventeenth century Ives Nicola- zic of Auray had a vision in which St. Anne commanded him to rebuild the shrine and directed him to* where the ancient miraculous image would be found. This image of St. Anne was burned and the sanctuary was * destroyed in 1793 by revolutionaries. The pres-; ent basilica was built in 1866 anc| the new statute was accorded the honor of coronation by Pope PiuJ IX in 1868. 7 The most celebrated Calvary is the churchyard at Plougastej, across the bay from Brest; three crosses on a square platform with a broad sculptured friese. The Saviour's crucifix has three pro^ jecting arms on which two statuettes stand.- On the platform 135 carved figures, wearing old Breton costufne, depict the life of Christ. But Calvaries are erected at al~s most every crossroad in Brittany. JPatron of Horned Beasts ,:. The origin and purpose of the f dolmens, or table stones, the pointed menhirs found principally in the Departments of Morbihan and! Finistere, baffhf scholars; but alT Carnac where 2,800 menhirs ar J aligned, the people have their, owii. explanation. 7, The pardon there is preceded by a horse and clttle fair because St. Cornelius, the town's patron, is also the patron of horned beasts. This early missionary to Brittany is said to have oeen fleeing from pagan pursuers. When he reached the coast and found no boat, he looked back and his pursuers were turned to stone. Wherever one goes in Brittany —from Nantes to the soyth where one visits the chateau "in which Henry IV signed the famous Edict, north to St. Malo, the corsairs' port, or westward to Brest, France's greatest natural harbor-^- there is something of interest, beauty or charm, and usually all I three. ■i_^—, ,—,—- ; .—■ —-—•—• St. Anne is the patron saint of all Brittany. According to a Bre&'l ton legend the mother of /'the Blessed Virgin was of the royal blood of Carnouaille (Cornwall) and fled to Palestine to escape marriage with a brutal husband. r< Council of Ministers of tne Span-" ish Republic, to the Central Exe^- cutive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: , In the name of the government of the Spanish Republic,/ and of the labor and democratic . organizations defending constitutional legality against armed fascism, I heartily greet the Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the toilers' organizations of your country. (Signed) Largo Caballero. The Soviet Telegram: To the Chairman of the Council of Ministers* of the Spanish Republic, Largo Caballero: In the name' of the government and the toilers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, I thank you for your warm greetings and take this opportunity to send to the revolutionary government and to the heroic people of the friendly Spanish Republic our most hearty wishes for success in their struggle for freedom and the rights of the people. (Signed) Mikhail Kalinin. • • * In 1937, the following report was issued from yatican City: Before the present strife there were in Spain 60 Bishops, 33,500 priests and 26,640 religious. Today, 11 Bishops and between 40 and 50 per cent of the priests • have been killed by the radicals. In nine dioceses 80 per cent of the priests have been killed. In one diocese—that of Malaga— 90 ner cent of the priests have I am a Socialist and will remain a Socialist, but I can never rest in peace if I miss this opportunity to expose the murderous role played by the Communists in Spain. • • • Mr. Baron continued: The most fundamental objective of the Communist Movement was the people's front against Fascist aggression, but this slogan is a mockery in Spain .... Because Spanish Communists shot down, kidnapped, and tortured other elements in the people's front, which convinces me that Communists will not be loyal to any front, but merely use them as devices to destroy all dissenting radical or liberal elements .... The Communist Party all over the world is as totalitarian as any Fascist group ever heard of. • • • Those who claim that there were !io Communists in the Loyalist forces are refuted by James Hawthorne writing directly from Madrid to the New Masses, a Communist magazine published in this country. On October 16, 1936, he claims that the Fifth Regiment, comprising 25,000 men, was created by the Communist Party. The Civil War began in July, 1936, yet, according to James Hawthorne, on the 25th day of that very month, the Fifth Regiment already had 8,000 men in the fight. The day previously, on October 14, 1936, the following telegrams were exchanged between Largo Caballero, Premier of Spain and Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR: The Spanish telegram: From the Chairman of the Loyalists, and most of the Monasteries and chapels belonging to this Order had been destroyed. • • * Our Sunday Visitor is the published of ^Thunder from the Left,"* a book written in Spain shortly fif- ter the Civil War. Its author, Father John A. O'Brien, had access to official records and photographs , and by word and gruesome picture j testifies to the cruelty of the so- ward from a just and merciful Father in Heaven — a recompense which may t^ke the form either of a remission in the ni«?xt 1i*e of all or part of that purgatorial debt which sin imposes upon M Jritfany Catholic French Province ost Catholic Part of France Has Quaint Customs and Very Deep Faith. ! By KATHARINiS McKIEVER 1 (Staff Writer, |c.W.C. News Service) I When the soldier from America turned the corner from Avranches, Normandy, on his way to Rennes, capital of the old Duchy of Brit- | ftany, he entered the most indi-j iddualistic of French provinces,! fdif ferent, from the rest of France and, in Many ways, a unique corker of the world. Arcjiorica, as | Jjt.he peninsula was called before |Jthe infiltration from Britain in |the fifth and sixth centuries, was one of the last sections of Gaul to accept Roman domination; neither the Franks nor the Normans com- j pletely subjugated it; the French Crown acquired it through mar- riage, not by conquest; and Brit-I tany endured but withstood both [ the so-called Reformation and the j French Revolution. It has follow- I ed democratic routine procedure under three republics, but life, j particularly in "the rural com-. .munities, goes on much the same j I as of yore. 4 j "Oh, for the faith of a Breton) i peasant!" Cardinal Newman oncej _ exclaimed. "A Breton!" the so-! 1 phis tica ted French say with a ] shrug of the shoulders inferring | most anything that is not up-to-j date. But the Breton is not essen- j tially behind the times; he issim-j ply above change. Deep Religious Convictions The Breton peasant is a brave\ sturdy, kindly but independent soul. His personal dignity is as inherent as his piety and faith which are comparable to the deep \ religious convictions oi the Irish, j Like the Irish the Bretons have! blended tradition with recorded history, clung to old customs and, when cold reasoning fails to provide a satisfactory explanation, are not averse to accepting the ' occult. After Aye centuries of beting a part of -Trance, in some sec- pions of Brittany "the people con- *descend to speak French, but Celtic—closer to the language of Wales than to the Gaelic of Ireland or Scotland—is still a living' language, and the bagpipe 4s the favorite musical instrument. Brittany, the land of Calvaries and. Par dons, is one place where the influence of Paris as the; world's fashion capital has scar-; cely been felt. Paris department | stores have branches in the larger cities with window displays of le dernier cri, but the majority of Bretons follow the* style of their ancestors, "best" dresses or suits are handed down from one generation to another, and all the children are clothed from the same bolt of cloth. Women wear dark blue or black' dresses with very § full skirts, not unlike the habit of Vincentian Sisters of Charity. Their white lace caps, very elab- 0: orate in design, are different for each locality. Men wear • wide- brimmed black felt sailor hats | with" velvet streamers. .Bretons sleep in cupboards that look like the afmoire in Which a Norman keeps his clothes, and they shut the doors tight after crawling in. Brutus was the Nemesis of the Armorican Gauls as well as of Caesar. American soldiers who recall the naval battle through which they struggled in Caesar's Gaejic Wars, will learn with interest that Vannes was the stronghold of the sea-faring Ifeneti whom Brutus dsf ^^ *» 56 B.C. i Vannes has one of the greatest ] collections of pre-historic remains in all Europe, preserved in the fifteenth century building which sometimes served as the Breton Parliament. Bolinbroke, setting out from Vannes to invade England and subsequently become , Henry IV, plucked a small blue .flower and gave it to his future j queen, also giving it a new name when he said: "Forget me not," ; Another flower that figures in the i history of England but blooms pn the hedgerows in Brittany is the j plantagenet. _ Filled with Legends The intermingling of British and Breton does not stem from conquest, as in the case of Normandy, and it is much older. It is older than recorded history and .illed with legends and legendary characters. Tristan, the tragic lover, is supposed to have lived on the He Tristan in Douarnenez Bay. The King Arthur legend is current in -Brittany, and what is now the Forest of Paimpont is traditionally Merlin's forest of Broce- liande with its fourteen lakes, from one of which the. arm clothed in white sainite emerged bearing the sword Excalibur. , The Hundred Years War between England and France was really a civil war in Brittany. The recorded infiltration began in the fifth century wh^h Roman power was dwindling in Gaul, and Britons who came across the channel found kindred Celts in Armor ica. The immigration continued for two centuries and included priests and monks as well as laymen, most of whom disregarded Gallo-Roman episcopal jurisdiction and caused a confusion then which still exists so fair as the early history of the ecclesiastical province of Rennes is concerned. In fact Rennes did not become a metropolitan see until 1859, and t the Archbishop of Rennes is also i'the titular of the Sees of Dol and St. Male. Its suffragan Dioceses are Vannes, St. Brieuc and Quimper. The Diocese of Nantes has always been a suffragan of Tours. Nantes, whose cathedral was begun in 1434 and completed in 1891, was evangelized by St. Clair in the second century and is believed to have been a See continuously since "the third century, except for a brief period Jn the ninth century (Continued, on Page Seven) Catholic Poland Dishonored T high noon on Wednesday of last week All Saints Church, Ottawa, was the setting for one of those things the society editress gushes over as a "fash-! ionabie" marriage. The contracting! parties were the Hon. Victor Podoski,s Polish Minister to Canada, and Miss Muriel Crocket, daughter of the Hon. Mr. Justice Crocket of the Supreme Court of Canada. The affair attracted a little extra limelight in that our First Citizen, the Prime Minister, turned up for the cutting of the cake. In one very vital detail the Podoski ceremony was decidedly out of fashion. The law of the Catholic Church, binding on all her children without exception, clearly defines that "only those marriages are valid which are contracted before the parish priest or the local ordinary, or a priest delegated by either of them." It is hardly necessary to point out that this decree does not affect marriages between non-Catholics. In this instance the groom is a Catholic and from the high official position he occupies it is safe to assume that he knows his way about. Yet he deliberately flouts the Ne Temere decree! Scandal is always a grave matter. In this instance, because of Mr. Podoski V prominence, it is all the more to be deplored. —D. A. C. Archbishop Sinnoffrs Letter QUR Catholic community is disturbed from time to time by controversial tempests which blow generally from the direction of the Jarvis street pulpit of Dr. T. T. Shields. Within recent months, there has been stirred up by this familiar anti-Catholic element, a commotion of greater-than-usual magnitude — a disturbance so intensively promoted and so widely dispersed that it seems to demand a word of comment even from publications which usually allow these outbursts of bigotry to die from their own inherent fallacy. We re£er now to » the almost world-wide publicity recently given by tlie Shields' press to a letter which was issued last March by His Grace Alfred A. Sinnott, Archbishop of Winnipeg. In the desire to stimulate a mt>re generous response to the missionary appeals of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, Archbishop Sinnott addressed himself to the mothers of his archdiocese, recalling to them the meritorious nature of support rendered to this capital work in the Church, and recommending that they ensure their boys — especially those in the armed [ forces — of these advantages, by en-j rolling them as Perpetual Members oft the Society. 7 The Catholic cherishes as one of his most consoling possessions the firm as-1 surance that his virtuous works in this life will certainly obtain for him a re- all of us, or — if Providence so decrees — of an increase in temporal blessings. There is nothing novel or groundless in this teaching of our Faith. It runs like, a golden, thread through all the Scriptures, C)id and New Testament alike. Amid costless passages, we might cite! for example the words of the Archangel .Raphael to Tobias: "Prayer is good with fasting and alms more than to lay up treasures of gold, for alms delivereth from death and the same is that which purge th away sins, and maketh to find mercy and life everlasting." (Tob. 12, 8-9) And St. Paul is no less clear: "For ^&od is not unjust, that he should forget your work and the love that you have shown in his name, you who have ministered and do minister to the saints." (Heb. 6, 10.) And who is ftot familiar with the following: "Come ye blessed of my Father, possess you the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me to eat: I was thirsty and you gave me to drink: I was a stpnger and you took me in . . . Amen I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my J least brethren, you did it to me." (Math. 26, 34-40.) Finally there h. the strong statement of St. Luke, "But yet that which remaineth, give alms; and behold all things are clean unto you" (Luke 11, 41). Of all works of zeal and alms giving, the Archbishop of Winnipeg could see|j none more clearly suited to winning that divine recompense than the great work of propagating the Faith, a work than-;V/hich there is scarce another more important in all the Church of Christ— the spreading of the Word of Truth to thos^ who know it not. How great, therefore, must be the assurance of divine favour in the case of him who has co-operated in this great task! Such was the burden of Archbishop Sinnott's message to his Catholic people. The editorial writers of Jarvis Street, —ever ranging across the vast field of Catholic literature for some passing phrase which they may twist or torture till it suits their anti-Catholic aims — seized upon one particular passage of this pastoral letter (which we admit could lend itself to a false sense in a literal interpretation) with seeming unholy eagerness, bent on lashing up in [Canada and elsewhere a wave of religious dissension which, even if it were not inspired by such obvious malice, would still be prejudicial to public order and tranquility. To date, some three hundred thousand photostatic copies of the letter have been ground out by the "Protestant Advocate" 's press, and Dr. Shields' comments have run the lurid if familiar gamut from "selling indulgences" to "passports to heaven." Echoes of the controversy have been heard in the columns of such distant ;periodicals as the "Catholic Herald" |of London, England. The document has 'been translated into several foreign languages, and the campaign of misrepresentation is still being waged with the utmost bitterness. We may thank God that the day has not yet arrived when intelligent people will accept as the authentic interpreters of Catholic documents the very individuals whose stated purpose it is to! discredit and heap abuse upon the name of Catholic. The meaning which such men as these may be expected to take out of an Archbishop's pronouncements is hardly the meaning which the Catholic, will discern or which the author intended to enshrine therein. It is for this reason that we have used in a .preceding paragraph the term: "campaign of deliberate misrepresentation." The penmen of the "Protestant Advocate" have acted in undisguised bad faith. They most certainly are aware of two things: (1) That it is and has ever been the unequivocal teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that supernatural benefits can in no way be purchased. (2) That a Leader of the Church cannot fairly be suspected of intending to violate so elementary a canon of orthodoxy as the one just men-, tioned. To deny one or the other or these two points argues either for deliberate misrepresentation or for gross ignorance. And we cannot believe that the editorial staff of Jarvis Street is as ignorant as all that. We woiild like to have credited them with misguided zeal. They have convicted tl^iselves of dishonesty. —M. G. B* te a g.. ical yeai-s w 2?* 5- * Q'g> § * * ^ _? & ^ <? ■ ^ ~. 3 Co £• to' o^h?^ 2' to- S° x Cb to O p p p 4 § to £*■ |^ te to to* Q* tb <t> te ~ ^ % S f* 8 to * <7_ GO /-s te to & P Go ''■#■£*_. • to- to te FT- ^_ to , .5- rb ti £ <b 09 (t> c te o s & <t» te J* o to-* _b rb ** P rb te to ^ S to to iO to- £> Jb "a & to: to ££ to & (b w _* to ^ & to a to; . te cb fZLT O A £ ti ^ -*-— to * "si? te to- P « & to & 5 g o to, *. a. P S3 iss O Z ^ to 3, # o .■^ ' ft. AJ p i§7 2?"jJ _* to' _?.- o o- <b te . to to p to S -* & Q to to- ^1/ ft & $ £'£7 to p <P £ «%jL to ^7?. *^ ■Q, ti ^ ^ to* ,us» **■■&■ ■§ o ® 9 P x; 5 S g te to' -. -4 to p'/^ Co •* 3 * IS _ 9* to ^ cr to $ 5. ti £_-§ J* a The Truth About Spain By The Editor Those who have been loudest in condemnation of Spain during" the Civil War, and of Franco since that war's close, have been least competent to write or talk on the subject without prejudice. They take for granted that Franco went to war solely to suppress a popular revolt against tyranny. They claim that the last Cortes elected in Spain represented a Popular Front. Some of them, like a New York publisher, maintain that there were no Communists in the Loyalists' ranks. In the adjoining column under Right or Wrong, we give brief answers to these "authorities." The people of the United States were simply deceived by the Loyalist Office of Propaganda, which had for its purpose a great part of the $800,000,000.00 in'gold confiscated and carried out of the country by agents of Moscow. Franco's government, on the other hand, had no Office of Propaganda, and has had none since. Even the many governments in exile in England have Offices of Information over here, supported by considerable money, but Franco's government has none. William P. Carney and Floyd Gibbons, American newspaper correspondents, told in 1937 how every radio broadcast they made from Spain was so censored that they were ordered to say the very opposite of what they found to be the truth, But it would seem that the "authority," which should settle the whole question for all minds, would be Salvador de Madariaga, former Spanish Ambassador to the United States, later Ambassador to France, permanent Delegate to the League i of Nations, a Professor of Spanish studies at Oxford University, a member of the Spanish Freemasons, a professed anti-clerical, and one who refers to Loyalist leaders as "my old acquaintances of a lifetime." About a year ago De Madariaga wrote a book entitled Spain, which is published by the Creative Age Press, Inc., 11 E. 44th Street, Manhattan, in which he, reluctantly, substantiates the following seven charges: , 1. Largo Caballero, Red prime minister, was set on revolution and was preparing to seize power in 1936. A letter from Stalin to Caballero is printed. 2. The "Popular Front" was a Communist-dominated bloc of radicals and was not brought about because of the danger of any Fascist rebellion. The author adds there never was and is. not now any Fascist peril in Spain. 3. The left-wing "Popular Front" armed "a number of fiercely rival workers' unions" to create terror and is responsible for the frightful destruction of life and property. 4. Russia kept the war going once it started. Soviet Russia was the first intervening government. 5. Alvarez del Vayo and Juan Negrin, war leaders of the "Loyalists" and now in North America, were "Communist agents." Negrin, as last Premier of Spain, tied the country with stolen jewels. I 6. The Spanish Reds and others aided the Soviet in robbing the country of $800,0Q0,,000.00. in gold, thereby bankrupting the country. I 7. There were atrocities on the side of the "Rebels," but they did not hold / a candle to the massacres carried on by the Spanish Reds or Loyalists, and the pii- | lars of religion and culture now in ruins offer testimony of these infamous crimes, DeMadariaga admits that the defeat of the Nationalists or Rebels would have converted Spain into a Soviet Dictatorship, Henry J. Taylor reported in the World Telegram, of New York, on a recent interview he had with General Franco. This report refutes completely the impression which most Americans have of General Franco. He notes; 1. The abdication of Mussolini and the rout of Fascism in Italy did not make Franco tremble or weaken his position. Instead, the fall of Mussolini had just the opposite effect, for it proved to the people that Franco showed "greater wisdom" in keeping out ef the war. 2. The army is loyal to Franco and all the talk of a revolt is not believed. The monarchist movement, Mr. Taylor asserts, which is reported in the United States to be anti-Franco, is actually controlled by Franco, for the General is a Monarchist. 3. The "Falange" is a liability and Franco is uprooting it. Neither the army nor the civilians, taken as a whole, have any use for the movement. Just as Ramon Serrano Suner, pro-Axis sympathizer and brother-in-law of the General, was thrown out of power, so will be the "Falange." 4. The General is strengthening the Cortes, and this movement is receiving the acclaim and obtaining the confidence of the country. The Cortes, which will soon rule the country, will be composed of fifty Mayors of various cities and towns, 4r €. . irtinued on page 9, Religious Section lit Simply Isn't So. We agree with Mark Twain that ["one of the striking differences be- j-tweeii a cat and a lie is that a cat has only nine lives." Given a good start, it; Is almost impossible to catch up with aj (lie and correct it. For this reason we feel in duty bound jto direct attention to the following news item in the Ottawa Journal of: April 12: Commenting on the abolition of separate schools, recommended in a suggested program for post-war education Jin Canada drawn up by a committee of [the Ottawa local of District No. 1 of Ithe Ontario Public School Men Teachers' Federation, Arthur J. Ames, chairman of the Public School Board, told jthe Journal Jie endorsed the proposal. "The only excuse for separate jschools," he declared, "has been the .question of religious education. SINCE iOF 840 APPEARANCES IN 1942 IN OTTAWA JUVENILE. COURT, 750 WERE ROMAN CATHOLIC AND 90! [WERE PROTESTANT, it looks as if" re-' ligious education did not amount to much after all." The average reader, noting that the |above figures are given by a gentleman 'occupying the important public position of Chairman of the Ottawa Public School Board, will quite naturally be inclined to accept them without question, concluding that Mr. Ames made isure of his figures before giving an interview to the press. Even we were loath to believe that Mr. Ames would quote statistics to suit himself. Never- j theless we decided that the matter was; serious enough to seek official confir-i |mation, or • correction, of Mr. Ames'; , figures. The result would seem to indicate that Mr. Ames was doing an ex-j ercise in multiplication, since we learn-" ed that in 1942 THE TOTAL OF JUVE-i NILE DELINQUENTS HALED INTO COURT IN OTTAWA WAS 343, #f j which total 310 were boys and 33 were .girls,'-CATHOLICS NUMBERING 187: BOYS AND 12 GIRLS. Now we do not charge that Mr. Ames juggled with the figures. But we do: claim that we have a right to an ex-i planation as to how 343 grew to 840, •and how 199 spiralled to 750. We do, not ask Mr. Ames to emphasize that the . total of children attending the Ottawa separate schools is greater than that in attendance at the public schools, a fact ; which would further restore the good name of Ottawa's <2atholic children. But we repeat that Mr. Ames owes it to his own good name to tell us where he got the figures he quoted in his interview with the Ottawa Journal. And .we further assert that, since his figures cast a reflection upon the little Catholic children of the Capital, he is in; ilionor bound to correct them in 4he\ ss. We are sending a marked copy of this! ] issue of The Register to Mr. Ames and! hereby offer him space to make the' J amende honorable. After all, truancy is Inot to.b with .slander. And^Mr. , '■!> ~~ . — ~ -— Acqompailying ijje communica- Ames must know that did we allow hitler, are copies of the minutes of statement to pass without refutation, i1 ! » eetings of the Distri&tion would be quoted for years in the billf Qmn?.ittee+vP^ ^ British P«totes nf f__rp nf thP wofp^ional anti-Cathr^vealmg m&t the money co^m" xare ot tne proiessionai anti-uatnc|uted by American catholics is |hc. feing used for such purposes as —D. A. Cf ringing spiritual and material _—— — comfort to Britain's evacuated irXXlll JTifW? children, grants to churches, con- jai^i xiiuei . renins and schools which have suf- Endorsing the proposal for the ab<fered from air raid bombings, for a J ition of separate schools—to which ^the bringing of spiritual consola-l oted an editorial in our issue c^on i° Jt^ia^-prif?^rs gf wf' f?Jf i a -i ir.- /-xi • a £ 4.1, r^the Apostleship of the Sea to aid1 ^i^0^^11^^8 °.f thep;victin^ of submarine warfare, and! /a Public School Board cries out if or charitable work of the Wd-j >uish: "How we are going to ginen's American Committee for ! unity in this country when the ■ chil ({British Catholic Relief. n are segregated in two groups T n't know." This outburst of Mr. Ames convinces! that we had our thinking cap set| Lglxt when we decided to entitle che ^rial referred to "Taking a Leaf m Hitler's Book." Why does Mr. Ames draw the line at the abolition of one "obstacle" to na-; Itional unity? What is more individual! ri a home, so why not advocate huge ! communal dormitories? And why not tone Church, with a resurrected Eliza- lan Statute of Uniformity to pro- '(vide suitable penalties for obstinate! j Papists? For surely if segregation into! I two groups on Monday is to court na-j ■j LionaL suicide, then segregation intoj i Heaven knows how many Catholics Pay Double For Educati Ex-Ausfralian Premier Asks Government Aid which teach love of the neighbor and loyalty to the nation, menace national claim is so ridiculous as jto lead one to wonder if it is no I wnonjfi based on religious animus. England whose national unity in this! present crisis* has won the admiration 'of the entire world, has three distinct denominational schools in its educational system and this holds not only in lower schools but also in high schools* and normal schools and unity is not im-i perilled. We are to promote national unity by tearing to shreds a solemn compact born of the Fathers of Confederation and attested by the Great Seal of England? Why be satisfied with taking a page from Hitler's book? Why not swallow Mein Kampf wholesale? Hell Hitler! —D. A. C. MELBOURNE, Australia, May groups oh 3*—^—A radio address delivered !Su_id^r mus^puradouble edge on thi*? farmer Premier Robert Men- i ", ° zies again has brought to the fore razor. jthe unfair position endured by How can two school systems,_ both of) catholic schools in the Commonwealth in the matter of financial support. Mr. Menzies, in his address, gave full recognition to the view that education divorced from religion is both incomplete and dangerous. His words have served to call renewed attention to the 70-year- old claim of the Catholic schools to monetary support from taxpayers' funds or to relief of Catholic ; parents from contribution to the j support of Government secular schools. J Catholics, Mr. Menzies reminded, have paid twice; as taxpayers for the Government secular j schools and as parents for their own Church schools. This, he said, was to their eternal credit,, but he expressed the fear that,, ! in the post-war period, Catholic' j and other religious schools would: j be unable to rriaintain efficiency! j comparable with the Government; f schools without Government fin-} I ancial assistance. Catholics, he said, must regard the outlook seriously, since the. Government doubtless will spend; j vastly more on secular schools,! ■this requiring increased eontri-j :butions in the form of taxes from already heavily taxed citizens, who, in the case of Catholics, must %n addition continue to support jfheir own schools. Marriage Partners Are Co-Operators With Go They Are Parlakersr As If Were. Of The Divine Omnipotence, Says Catholic Hour Speaker NEW YORK, May 3.—(£>■—In conjunction with the Opening today of the National Family Week observance, the Rev. - Dr.. Edgar Schmiedeler, O.S.B., Director of the family Life Bureau of the National Catholic Welfare Conference, delivered here this evening the first of two radio addresses dealing with the Christian family on the "Catholic Hour" program.' Titled "The Sacred Bond," Dr. Schmiedeler's 'address at the outset stressed the profound sanctity of marriage and the solemnity and beauty with which the Church cloaks the wedding ceremony. Co-operators With God And we also pray that Gotf will bless and guide our people in this country, and in our great family throughout the Empire, and will lead us forward, united and strong, into the paths of victory and peace.J? German Bishops In Denunciation Of Nazi Policj Poland priests had been sent to ! concentration camps, churches I had been plundered and used for I "profane'- purposes," and the; j Catholic Church left "entirely \ 'without rights/' even "those Pol-' I ish clergymen who had shown I themselves to be entirely friendly (to the Germans by race," In Luxembourg, the bishops j charged, monasteries had been ! closed, priests had been banished and their, work hampered, %nk "numerous respectable Luxejn* j bourg .citizens" had been sent to! r concentration camps, "which frequently resulted in the death of .persons placed there, within a short time." Widespread expulsion of priests; "In accordance with His. divine jplan God has made all human marriage innately sacred, intrinsically holy," Dr. Schmiedeler said. "As we know, even in its natural condition marriage oversteps the boundaries and limits of this world and its powers. Marriage cannot accomplish its highest purpose, the procreation of children, without the co-operation of the Almighty. That is, marriage needs God in a special sense to complete it. God Himself must supplement and com "There are many in our mid; who have wandered far indeed from the ideals of Christian marriage, far even from the natural NEW YORK, May 12—(A.P.) The German Catholic hierarchy has issued one of the strongest of' its long series of denunciations, was; also c^Wf£ t«mt5yt iow against Nazi religious policy, the1!(^er control .of the Reich -after Office of War Information dis- longingto Yugoslavia for 2D closed tonight. ,ye It issued,the text of a protest by; Catholic bishops in Germany ask-' ing relief /'against measures of^ ^officials of the (Nazi) party and:<imte right in crediting with the best m-fcen- their government which aretions the individual who boldly added an directed against the Church and "n"to his tinker's "dam," and whose name "A Tinker's Dam(n)" Editor, Citizen: Mr, F. G. Semple is against all Christianity.' appears below. law of marriage These recosniz- The C ath olic international j\ The addition was made in the belief that in me marrSe S^S g£ Berne" Stlnd "SS 8H ** **** °f ** ^ ^ ^ **" ity, no sacred bond. They take had ieaS aS Very °ften haPJ?enS in' it to be a mere profane pact or J^f ^ manuscript. Mr. Semple, how- ~~~~s^~mm*. mi. j:.., ..j. - yiOie_»l;, MUb gave no lUlMiei Oe- _„_„ Qffi~™e +U_ + 4f titoo nrriffon ac _«- agreement. They divorce it from tails all religious service and cere- The meeting of bishops, held at mony. They separate it from all;Fulda, Germany, Dec. 18, 1942 religious significance and control, said the protest concerned "not They sever entirely the life-root only the vital interests of, the of marriage, its special orienta- Catholic Church within Germany tion towards God. More than but extended to violations of 'the that, some reject the very purpose free practice of the religion of ttTZZtit* T52*LS%?i$ that God Hil_^lf has ****** to Catholic Christians in the tend- ;the creation of the child's soul ;Man and woman are indeed in marriage cooperators with God. i.They are partakers, as it were, of the Divine Omnipotence." Continuing, , Dr. Schmiedeler. j stated: "The Christian family, marriage. They substitute for tories that recently have come to the plan of the Divine Artificer GermanyV the O.W.I, announce- of the family their own selfish ment said. whims and wishes. They trample! Tlie declaration cited "notorious in the dust this divinely-consti- occurrences" against Catholics in tuted and sacred institution. They Poland, Alsace-Lorraine, ' Yugo- .drag it in the mire. Instead of [slavia and Luxembourg, founded on this divinely, or darned (patterning wedlock after the ideal j "Around Germany, in ajll the oc- j concept of marriage, is ^therefore |set by God, the sacred union of _cuPied territories, a rampart of j Christ and His Church, some aetu- the mystical body of Christ, in ,ever, affirms that it was written as intended, and as being in accordance with tradition. If that is so, there is a clash between two traditions, and the question is as to which is the authentic one, and I am not aware that a specific ruling has ever been given in favor of "dam" as opposed to ''damn." I was under the impression that the tradition which seems to have been universally accepted is distantly related to the pre-conversion 'days of John Bunyan, the cursing tinker, who carried the habit to such a length as to make them meaningless —nothing more than vulgar displays of .miniature The father of the fam» aIly ^^i it after the beasts ot ily is head of that body and holds the field." the place of Christ. The mother is the body itself or the Church. 'The children of the family are Hhe members of that body as they are the members of the Church." . The speaker reminded that "in-f conceivably wonderful as this^ work is, it is in a sense only a beginning." The fathers and mothers are charged with carrying forward the work that God Himself has begun, Dr. Schmiedeler said, and children, under the. care and surveillance of the parents, are to be shaped and moulded "for citizenship in this world" and for "membership in the King- I dom of God." "It should be quite needless to jadd that, where one finds this plan of Almighty God regarding Christian marriage and family life faithfully carried out, one find's successful and happy homes," he added. Although the nation fortunately is blessed with many such homes, Dr*, Schmiedeler stated, "unfor- j tunately, it is equally true too that ''there is another side to the pic- i ture. ignoriance. This, according to the present bitterness and enrhity is being 1 writer's experience, seems to have held the erected," largely due to "the ruth- ] field foMit any rate the last six decades, less interference of the officers J Apart from any Question of orthodox; of the party and the civil adminis-i tradition, a "tinker's damn;3 seems to be not .ration with freedom of: conscience only quite appropriate but both forceful; ?.nHnn« fitlg.^ picturesque. It is hard to understand! lation, the declaration said. -■__ii_.-_-j_.__ » ^ u u **■'-' The bishop's memorial, which ^h/>he woroV"damn' should be so often; was signed by Adolf Cardinal j llstid among the, Profanities. Bertram, Bishop of Breslau, in the Sincere apologies to Mr. Semple. name of the bishops of the Ger man Catholic dioceses, expressed" J. H.OaDEN, Ottawa, June 13, 1943. Tinker's Dam In Rhyme Editor, Citizen: Your correspondent who i writes feelingly about "Mosquitoes" says j of the various patent lotions and salves: i "They are not worth a tinker's damn." In defence of. the tinker, his "damn" j may be as satisfactory in relieving his feel- i ings as the "damn * of a cabinet minister* • and therefore worth* just as much (whatever the value is). But a "tinker's dam" is. something else: ; In days of old, the tinker bold, When called to mend a pot, \\ Would build a dam of moistened meal Around the leakage spot.' But after he had poured in the solder' Vand the hole was mended ,the meal was no further use and was throwii away. So any- | thing which is no use is "not worth a tinker's dam." The expression is very descriptive and suitable for the most ! fastidious lips and ears.—H. V. HAIGHT, Ottawa, June 12, 1943. ritish Hierarchy Grateful For Aid For Relief Work WASHINGTON, May 3 — OO The Members of the Hierarchy of England and Wales have sent a communication to the Bishops; War Emergency and Relief Com-' niittee expressing their gratitude! to American Catholics for their! generosity in contributing funds for the rehef of war victims in Great Britain. i I to industry. Many of our iari sons and daughters naturall wanted to marry, settle on farir and remain in the country bi could see no chance of getting es tablished for themselves an hence were forced unwilling! to leave the country and go 1 the cities. Let us correct thi as far as possible by the tv. methods suggested above. n In a previous article it w: suggested to clip out these a: tides and set them aside f< future use. The use will be set up in each parish, group di cussion clubs.. The word "di cussion" is used because "stud has somewhat of a bad taste frc our school days. Farmers of . people are interested, in pubi more in the economic aspect life than any other. Witness t discussion among a group farmers. Does it not deal w: the price of wheat, hogs, mi etc.; the weather, insofar as affects their crops; what the gc ernment is doing to increase decrease prices, to increase or c crease production; the labor sho age on farms, and many otl topics that are directly rela Rampart Of Bitterness Rising Around Germany and^ to destroy Christianity at .the same time. The West is insepar- I j ably associated with Christianity, i j If Christian] ty is destroyed, a! real substitute for it can never j (be created." Reich Bishops' Warning To Nazis — A rampart of bitterness and enmity is being erected arouna Germany due to the ruthless interference of Nazi officials with. , „ *, T * freedom of conscience and the reireward for Alsace-Lorraine ligious life of the populations, the^ tratlon* with freedom of con science and the religious life offj the population." In their reference to Alsace- Lorraine, the German Bishops! tell how the arriving Reich troops were received there with great} enthusiasm. The memorial then* reviews the bitter persecution o| their religion that has been the; Queen Urges Resurgence Of Spiritual Thinking In Homes (From Page One) "Even worse," German Hierarchy declares in d memorial submitted to their Goqpb ernment, in wjiich they once more; in Luxembourg." The liking off appeal for a cessation of the per- Hhe Luxembourg|rs f gr Gepnarr; secution of religion. A copy of ^has^heen alienatect, the Bisho, the document has reached this declared, • by "the ruthlessly ex-, country and is vouched for by ai'ecuted closing of the monasteries- highly reliable source. !ialldr the ^^P measures for re-i The German prelates point out j^icting the work of the cure of; that cruel anti-religious-measures jsfuls °f .the cler^y and the, have been adopted not only with.'lengthening <# the faithful in in Germany proper but also ia 'their religion, the banishments of invaded lands, citing specifically ::'Pri«*te and members of religious persecutory activities in Alsace- °rders and the placing of numer- Lorraine, Luxembourg, Poland 7om respected Luxembourg citi- and Yugoslavia " •jzens in concentration camps, Dated at Fulda, where the Ger- • which frequently resulted in the man Hierarchy assembled in d**£? of the person placed there, Annual Conference, on December : within a short time. 18, last, the memorial is signed Persecution In Poland for all the'Bishops by His Em-: In telling of the intensity of the inenee Adolf Cardinal Bertram,.: Persecution in Poland, the Bis- Arehbisjhop of Breslau. It is (Ji- hops open with these words: -rected to the Minister of the Reich "Even more cheerless than in the for Church Affairs, the Minister West **' the religious situation in 'for the Interior and the Chief of ;the newly-attached eastern ter-| the Reich Chancellory. ritories." Particularly bitter, they At its outset, the Bishops note } state> are Ihose of German blood •in their memorial that the Naz^who remained loyal to their Ger- Government failed to make reprj^man traditions throughout the to a similar memorial of com-1 years of Polish rule and who now plaint drafted by the prelates on^ffjnd themselves "treated as pub~; year previously on December 10t i he enemies and placed, under 1941. f surveillance" by the Nazi invad-; Evils Have Grown Worse ! ers. "We have asked for relief," th< Of those "religions which have JBishops state, "not only because returned to the Reich after be-! of religious interests, but also! longing to Yugoslavia' for 20 from love of the Fatherland • • „j, years," the German Bishops _ The evils complained of continual ''There, too, almost all the to exist; some, in fact, have grown ^priests and memibers of Orders! j worse. have been forced otft,' entirely. j "This plea of ours extends —> without means into lower Ukrain- • land that is the ground for thisj ;ia, occupied by the Italians, new petition — with the same Croatia, or have been placed in' urgency to the vital interests of concentration camps." the Catholic Church and the free! "This treatment of the Slov- practice of the religion of Cath-Lenes," the German Bishops con- olic Christians in the territoriel; tinue, "deeply believing and zeal- j that recently have come to Germ^; ous in religion, has caused the en-; any." | thusiasm for Germany that exist-1 "We cannot shut our eyes," th._|:ed in 90 per cent of the popula-i j Bishops tell the Nazi authorities^tion, according to the judgment, - "to the great misery of these Ger-* i of persons acquainted with the man people, and we must also lift [country, to turn into hatred of the; | our voices for the sake of the re*j Germans. A special contributing i | spect for the name German. It iaji factor in this was also the removal incomprehensible that now, in the! of numerous Slovenes to other; j midst of' this hard war, German.1 areas, as well as placing them in people who have come to the; concentration camps. Thus gueril-. Reich with great confidence and. I a warfare has come about there,1 with expectation raised to a high which in turn has brought about pitch are forced back by Germ-! bloody counter measures^ which any, embittered to the depths o^are driving to despair the porti .t&eir souls. Around Germany, in of the population that is s ] ill the occupied territories, a^ quiet." j rampart of bitterness and emity| Closing Admonition ! is being erected, which has arisen| The Bishops close their memor- in large part because of the ruth^ ialwith this admonition: less interference of the officers oi "One can not undertake to j the party and the civil adminis^ build! a new and fairer Europe Text of The Queen's Broadcast the_"iD.ela.©•. The text of the Queen's broad- astonishing work that women state, "is the hostile rejection of ■ least address follows: all Germans which has grown i I would like first of all to try and tell you just why I am speaking to you tonight, to you my fellow countrywomen all over the world. are doing everywhere and of the quiet heroism with which day\ in and day out they are doing it. Very Proud of You. This picture I know is being. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ reproduced ill many similar It is not because any special I aspects all over the Empire occasion calls for it. It is not from the largest self-governing' because I have any special dominion to the smallest island message to give you. It is be- owing allegiance to the Crown, cause there is something that we are indeed very proud of deep in my heart I know ought you# * to be told you and probably I j «How often when I have am the best person to do it. talked with women engaged on Most of us at one time or every kind of job, sometimes a another in our lives have read • physically hard or dangerous' some fine book that has given dne> h0W often when I admired, us courage and strength and their pluck have I heard them' fresh hope, and when we lay it say> «0h, well, it's not much, down we have wished that j»m just doing my best to help ■ though we are strangers to him us win the war." Their cour-. we could meet the author and age is reinforced, too by one of tell him how much we admire the strongest weapons in our • his work and how grateful we national armory, a sense of are for it. humor that nothing can daunt.: Something of the same kind With this weapon of amazing makes me feel that I would like temper that turns every way I to meet you this Sunday night, j our people keep guard over their For you, though you may not sanity and their souls, realize it, have done a work as j }iave seen that weapon in great as any bbok that ever action many times in the last' was written. You, too, in these few years and,know how it years of tragedy and glory, of reaily can help in the really bad ; crushing sorrow and splendid times, achievement, have earned the7 gratitude and admiration of all mankind. "Work'' is a~~word that covevsT a very wide field. It" is. hard to 'define in a single phrase, but if : you take it as meaning doing something useful that helps 'others, then you will see that Time They Were Told. And I am sure that every man who is doing his man's share in ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the grim tasks of winning this* your work whatever it may be is war would agree ihat it is high time that someone told you so. Some of you may feel that I am exaggerating your own share in jbhat task. "What have I done?" you may ask, "compared with what my boy has to put up with, dodging just as valuable, just as much "war-work" as that which is done by the bravest soldier, sailor or airman who actually meets the enemy in battle. i And have you not met that ! enemy too? You have endured his bombs, you have helped to submarines in the Atlantic or jj put out fires that he has kindled , chasing Rommel across Africa?" In your different spheres believe S me (you have done all that he^ ! has done in different degrees, endured all that he has en- i dured. For you, like him, have given all that is good in you 1 regardless of yourself to the , same *cause for which he is fighting, our cause, the cause of right against wrong, and nobody, man or woman, can give more. . There is no need surely for me to say in detail how you have done this. Perhaps constantly travelling as the King ' and I do through the length ; and breadth of these islands I am more fortunate in being able to see a clear picture of the in our homes, you have tended those he has maimed, brought strength to those he has bereaved. You have tilled our land. You have, in uniform or out of it, given help to our fighting forces and made for them those munitions without which they would be powerless. In a hundred ways you have filled the places of men who have gone a&way to fight and, coping uncomplainingly with all the tedious difficulties of war- , time, you the housewives, many doing whole time and many part-time jobs, you have kept their homes for them against the blessed day when they will come back. - ^tance^against^ the Gei have been shattered by the fir^ of the enemy. Dwellings carf. be rebuilt but nothing can re-' store the family circle if a deal; one has gone forever from it]. Firm faith in a reunion beyond this world of space and timej and fortitude born of the re-; solve to do one's duty and carry on to the end are the true consolations. I pray that they may not be denied to all who have suffered and mourn. All of us women love family life, our home and our children] and you may be sure that our men overseas are thinking jus# as wistfully of these homes as we are, some of dear and] famUiar homes they left be hind, others of the new homes! they mean to make for youngj wives of the future. These men] both at home and abroad are] counting on us at all times to] be steadfast and faithful. II know that we shall not fail! theni, but fortified by the ^reat experience in this war of our -strength and unity go forward with them undismayed into the future., I feel that in all the thinking^ and planning which we are , doing for the welfare of our. country and Empire, yes, and \ concern for other countries, tooj we women as homemakers have a great part to play, and speak- ; ing as I do tonight from my own dearly-loved home I must say that I keenly look forward to a great rebuilding of family life as soon as war ends. Strength of Spiritual Life. I would like to add with my fullest conviction that it is on the strength of our spiritual life that the right rebuilding of our , national life depends. ; In these last tragic jrears many have found in religion the source and mainspring of courage and• selflessness that they need. i. On the other, hand, we cannot close our eyes to the fact that our precious Christian heritage is threatened by adverse influences. It-does indeed seem to me that if the years to come are to see some real spiritual recovery, the women of our nation must be deeply concerned fvith religion and our homes are the very place wheW it should start. It is the creative and dynamic power of Christianity which can help us carry the moral responsibilities which history is placing upon our shoulders, > If our homes can be truly Christian, then the influence of that spirit will assuredly spread like leaven through all' the aspects of *our common life, industrial, social and political. The King and I are grateful to think that we and our family are remembered in your prayers. We need them and try to live up to them. And we also pray that God will bless and guide our people in this country and in-our great family throughout the Empire and will lead us' forward united and strong into the patlisToT victory and peace. Le S'SL N- on§ en s e These District ChaplainspSI^rPnme"; ^Minister, are neither sick nor decrepit. Paraphrasing St. Paul, we say let no man despise their age. No Bishop would. klream of retiring a priest at the age of; .sixty. On the contrary, the Church's j commanding officers usually promote; "such to positions of greater importance, 7. and responsibility. The King's Regula-; itions would appear to agree with the; ^Bishops. It remains for red tape to flout the Regulations and do violence to ccpi-. mon sense. I ; Suppose, Mr, Prime Minister, a like rruling was applied in the world of; politics and statesmanship! Then that] ;particular retired list would include, 'Field Marshal Smuts who is 72, Primefj Minister Churchill who is 69, Pre- dent Roosevelt who is 65, and you yourself, Mr. Prime Minister, whom we be- J lieve to be 67. What a terrific hiatus this] would occasion in public life and the. \ management of public affairs in this \ supreme crisis in the world's destiny! Please, Mr. Prime Minister, consider^ We might have said "Our shipping's on the t stretch- this matter, and we are confident that an your wisdom you will decree that, ijthe King's Regulations will be adhered» to. : By A. P. HERBERT (Reprinted jrom Truth,,,JLondon) Let's have less nonsense fro_h the Friends of Joe,- We laud, we, love him: but the nonsense—no, In 1940, when we bore the brunt We could have doner bgys, with a Second Front. A Continent went %n a cataract', But Russia did not mink it right to act, Not ready? No, And' who*.• shall call her wrong? Far better not to Strike till you are strong. Better, perhaps, though this was not our fate,- To make new treaties with the man you hate. Alas, these shy manoeuvres had to end When Hitler leaped upon his largest friend (And if he'd'hot, I wonder, by the. way, If Russia would be in the War today). But who rushed out to aid the giant then— A giant rich in corn, "and oil, and men, Long, long prepared, and having, so they say, The most'enlightened ruler of the day? This tiny island; antiquated, tired, Effete, capitalist and uninspired: This tiny island, wounded in the war Through taking tyrants on two years before: This tiny isle of muddles and mistakes- Having a Front pn every wave that breads: You shall have ail the tanks that you can fetch; But that is not the way we fight this war: We give them tanks and take them to the door. And now we will not hear-from anyone That it's for us to show we hate the Hun. It does not profit much to sing this tune: But those who "prod" can not be quite immune: And those who itch to conquer and to kill Should waste less time on tube on Tower Hill. Honour the Kremlin,, boys, but, now and'then Admit some sighs of grace at Number 10. An Open Letter lo Mr. King —D.A.C. (The WecfoTng^mg R. Prime Minister: .Last week w drew your attention to the fact thatL By Rev. Dr. Edgar Schmiedeler, O.S.B. Church's Stand Against Divorce Has Great Social Value. I while all other needs of our armed fSfc ia yw jhout ihirteeiioi years men who have rejec forces are amply looked after, ^hap-jpnce^Shl^ XI wa_ied ^ffie" whole | aains must, in most cases, carry onj^f!3? T^em his "Encyclical on; , ' r- j. m ' , . z. -4.U /Christian Marriage," against the | under a severe handicap, that is, with.4^ri(yujg evils ^ were ^atenJ out Chapels. This state of affairs is|in(g ^e ve(ry life of the family. | equivalent to guardians of health with-?In the Western World, and par-? tout hospitals or equipment, or to an jticularly in the United States and r army without weapons and munitions, iCaoada, the^warning of His Boll- j !_. ~«™ *„uu™,i- Bu^_ o,. oIWaWO «n.ii ness has not been heeded insofar ■. •.#.. a navy without ships, an air force with-P ^ great majority. ^ con. • out planes. icernedi. To be sure, the Church Today, Mr. Prime Minister, we pro-'ha© continued her adamant stand test to you against an Order in Council [™i an essentials of marriage. But,! which retire? Chanlains at the a£e of for ***** most p,ajrt> those 0lltside wnicn retires unapiams ax xne age oibave taken tjhe view: «Let ^ ;sixty. As you are aware, the Kings ^church keep her scruples and! .Regulations for Canada do indeed pro-ijnigid doctrines to herself. We; 'vide for the retirement of certain high ?! want these things she condemns] ranking officers at that age, but you: and we are going to have them." | must be equally cognizant of the fact I°^^y ^l^^t- ]., . ,, rl.1 f, ? ,. ._. ,, rtl© they care, that toey are in that the said Regulations specifically reality ^ only going against ^; exemat Chaplains from this provision. |''scrapie." of the Church, but also I Our objection to the cancelling of the 'against the very law of nature. J King's Regulations by Order in Coun-'An_ to tamper with the law of "cil is that, if given effect, it will mean rBature fa ^variably to destroy. tthe retirement of Catholic District Divorce is a case in point. Of; IChaplains in seven out of the eleven££__?££%JS>%^f^ . .Canadian military establishments. Now.evil) ^ modiemi pastime in our this is a very real grievance in as much leountry which is rapidly rending as these Chaplains, in the words of | society asunder. The difference; Chief Protestant Chaplain Bishop Wells .between the attitude of the" Church • addressed to the Anglican Synod last(«^^"^ ■■.„■,_■ -ii x _. t mi i side the Church is, m the final. week, are all tested men. They have analysis, merely thedifference be-. been tri<*d and not found wanting. Their fcween social welfare and individ- \ replacement is akin, to promoting a I ual selfishness. The divorce prin-1 -junior officer to the all-important of-|«fe>te is contrary to both natural dice of Commander-in-Chief of our and divkie ^ The Church's £* i_x* __ __ _._. t _. xi 11 unswerving stand w'ith regard to fighting battalions, or to the removal it ^ to the advantage of both the of the captain from the ship, leaving its JiBdivic■::: -nd society. direction to the crew. ied the p - 'Dot ***£ '.-tera j 'c»uic. *Lfyste«i can 7, P^Vaf* ^s.i^po-H^ ■Propose Reme c ve th, 'uisory 70xZ nation or <fi * l^ mi Sa_s_«5S'sft Co**Un_£ °*ej» i purpose of marriage. Marriage, accompanied by the pretended right to divorce, cannot possibly have the social value : that family life is meant to have. I The home will never become the ! school of self-discipline and self- sacrifice it should be so long as I it its possible for men and wo> ; men to escape 'the obligations of 'married life. And without self- | discipline and self-sacrifice in the This is a third article based on Lord Portsmouth's book "Alternative to Death" with its argument that without an abundant rural life the days of a nation's life are numbered, that Britain is already far advanced on the fatal road, and that recovery is not possible without the adoption of a new scale of values* .different from the prevailing scale of money values. I said in my first article that I was afraid that Lord Portsmouth's voice would not be heard because the thought of our gen-, oration is so thoroughly commercialized and. materialized. My family as the source of society, we dare not expect it in the larger) lack of j^pe has received ax jolt :jrom a most unlikely quarter, social group. The home is es-j sentially the cradle of the social] virtues. Let difficulties justify! Mr. J., Vi MacAree's column in the breaking of the marriage con- the Globe and Mail. Mr. MacAree tract, and the respect in which! devotes his column to a presi- marriage should be held will bej denitiai address of Erofessor A. R. undermined, the selfish and self- rtW^ . - TT^.f^ 'rn1iArt_ ttv.. centered will have the opportun-f L°w*r,, °f United College, Um- ity of evading their obligations,; versity of Manitoba I have not and- serious temptations will bej seen the address in any other placed in the way of those who have been bearing their difficulties in the proper spirit. THE WEDGE PRINCIPLE The history of our legislation! shows that the possibility of securing a divorce under any pretext whatsoever leads to the securing of divorce under even the slightest pretext. Allow divorce with the privilege of remarriage in one case, and the flood gates are opened. Admit the divorce principle and the wedge-like operation will civilisation rend asunder society as well as the home. Statistics in United States prove this contention. And! the same is true of other countries in which divorce is not reserved to the elite' few. There is of course the oft-re the address in any place and the-reader must be warned against journalistic distortion by Mr. MacAree, who heads his column "Two Civilisations at War in Canada." I should ■[ be shocked to learn that a thinker so discerning arid balanced as Prof. Lower shows himself to be should make out that the contrast | ply to Britain primarily, but they are instructive to Canadians because of their radicalism, the radicalism of a conservath Britain has the landlord system fj for most of its agricultural land J a system that has no good repu- I tation here, though only the worst I landlords make things so bad as I the state of a farmer who is deeply 1 mortgaged to a distant corpora- S tion. The typical landlord in the ji English countryside does at least] spend a lot of his money among the people he gets it from. CONDITIONAL OWNERSHIP Lord Portsmouth is a firm believer in private ownership of the land but he would^allow nobody to do as he likes with the land. Ownership and tenure should', both be conditional upon right f use for the good of the com- f* munity. He would set up a Royal | Council to take land away from J occupiers who do not treat properly. This Council wo itself appoint new members wh vacancies occurred in its ranks so that it would not be a creature of government. The Royal Council would set up local councils for the delegation of its powers. Land not maintained in its fertility, or in its buildings, or in the proper treatment of its ten- j ants would be forfeit to the! Crown when forfeiture was re- j commended by the local council, with the right of appeal to the national council. Inheritance of I sponsibility among the land- j owners which governmental \ schemes tend to destroy. AGAINST MONEY RENTS Tenants should pay their rents in produce and not in money! i This is another of Lord Ports- mouth's startling ideas which op- ! ponents will say is putting the [ clock back. He has a number of j interesting arguments in favour Of this. The farmer would not suffer so much in times of price depression. The farmer could concentrate more on his job of production and wrould not need to be so much of a business man haggling and higgling with the packing companies and the other interests that try to get the best of him. Co-operation for buying between the Catholic civilization land would of Quebec and the Protestant, the designated -airily elsewhere should; ^capable of performing his duty ,.x, ,. _. ■ y to the land. The inherit; be regarded as a war. The might go to-the nearest ca Catholic civilization carries no j relative, subject to the payment threat .to the Protestant civiliza-jj of a fair valuation to the d'is- tion and does it no injury. All ; qualified heir, the injuries of the Protestant 1 As time went on the councils civilization are self-inflicted and_W0Uld insist that all inheriting peated objection that at times in-| I rather think that it is such places; land should fit themselves for oocent • victims are made to suf-| as Quebec that enable the mater- their obligations by education as fer because of our unyielding at-^iajistic centres to have a longer j an apprenticeship to their task, titude on divorce. Undoubtedly; run than they could have other- | This would apply to the richest in exceptional cases an individual wise. But that is a digression. j landlords as well as the small wife or husband may suffer as an1. prqxeSTANTS AMONG THE owners, "It should no longer be altogether innocent victim. And PROPHETS * possible for the rich man to dele like all innocent unfortunates,; a gate his obligations merely by such a person deserves every sym-j Perhaps I should not use the pathy. But better by far is it| *rm ** 'Protestant civilization'1 that an occasional individual suffer than great numbers of innocent mate.? and helpless children Better some pain to an. individual than that the very structure of society itself be split'apart, and the nation die. No matter how much we theorize', the fact of everyday experience shows that the powerful drives of self iisb- ness in human nature are such that, the wedge once inserted into the opening made by one cause for divorce, they will not cease their driving force till untold misery has resulted to individuals irreparable harm has been done I to society, purchasing agent, Large-scale the services of when I cannot take the space to J Large-scale improvements approve it is really Protestant. Itjfectmg many different holdings is a civilization which makes too are sometimes called for in the much of material wealth and especially of money. Many Protestants have recognized and denounced the evil. Oliver Goldsmith, in the 18th century, wrote of "where wealth accumulates and men decay." John Ruskin, interests of the land. These jobs are now often undertaken by governmental bodies or commissions, as for instance drainage schemes. Lord Portsmouth does not believe these governmental schemes work well and he would' in the nineteenth century, wrote1 put the responsibility, with effec against the political economists:! *lve sanctions, on the landowners "There is no wealth but life." ! concerned as a group. I have to resist the temptation; Lord Portsmouth insists on to quote Prof. Lower on social1Private co-deration instead of decay. Readers will be able toi governmental schemes like the refer to Mr. MacAree's digest in Ml*k Marketing Board in Eng~ the Globe and Mail, Dec. 28. My iaPcL He believes private schemes business is with Lord Ports-:—1 do not say voluntary schemes mouth's prescriptions. They ap-i—w?1}., maintain a sense of re- and selling would similarly relieve the producer of market worries. NO* FREEDOM TO SELL One of the most characteristic proposals is that there should be very much less freedom to sell land and I can hear opponents saying that Lord Portsmouth wants the restoration of serfdom with the cultivator tied to the land. On this point I prefer to quote his own words: "The main purpose of this chapter has been.to revise our sence of values towards responsibility and continuity. It j is impossible, therefore, to conclude without a note upon the j conditions in which men should be allowed to buy and sell land. If land is to be held of the King in perpetuity with the penalty of forfeiture for misuse, thhii land should only be sold under the most stringent conditions and, whatever else happens, should never become mortgaged, since that would be to resume the whole deadweight of debt which land cannot bear, j . . . Any small holder or large 1 landlord should show very good cause before he is allowed to sell, merely because the would- be seller thinks he can make more money by ridding himself of the obligations entailed in land ownership, and investing his capital elsewhere or speculating with it. This should not be admissible. The only case where sale should be made easy would be where a landowner or owner-occupier was prepared to sell to the smaller holder in order that he should become an independent owner of property. . . . The other clear case where sale would be admissable might be a failure in health by somebody with no obvious relative or connection to whom to hand over the administration, or in the failure of a family line." To discuss such far-reaching proposals in a short artie impossible but it should stimulate our thinking to know that an eminent British Conservative * r e r r e s y p e e tt il n )! Where Do We Go From Here? By henry somerville. m.a. ^^i* . —-——— — — — V* .* Rural Renewal As "Alternative To Death SI A Canadian of high position has asked me to say what I think of a book "Alternative to Death" written by the Earl of Portsmouth. I have obtained the book and read it. It is a small book, less than 200 pages, but it is packed with thought. The sub-title is "The, Relationship Between Soil, Family and Community." The author is an English country landlord and it bears much more directly on agricultural life in England than in Canada but it deals with fundamental questions of vital importance to all modern countries. In some details I cannot follow it, but in substance I think it teaches the profoundest truths which have been lost sight of in the modern world. Perhaps we should say these truths have been deliberately rejected by the modern world and Lord Portsmouth's is one of the voices crying in the wilderness. The modern world believes in private enterprise, in men being free to get ahead of their fellows; it' believes in progress at the expense of conservation; and it believes that the greatest good is a high standard of living, which means plenty of money to spend on superfluities as distinct from .Necessities. These beliefs are shared by rich and poor, they are popular and are esteemed democratic, and the views of Lord Portsmouth will be regarded as reactionary and smeared as "fascist" CONSERVATION AND PRODUCTION To become the "workshop" of the world" England sacrificed her agriculture. On the produce of her own cultivated soil she could live only a few weeks in the year. She has done marvels during the war in increasing agricultural production but Lord Portsmouth says that these forced growths must lessen future fertility. He speaks always of the soil with reverence and of the necessity of putting back into it what is taken out of it almost as a religious obligation. He sees the sacrilege which is soil erosion all across the world. This is more familiar in North America than in Britain, for the abundance of land on this continent has permitted get-rich-quick "wastefulness which was never possible in the old countries. Because conservation is not less necessary than production Lord Portsmouth stresses the value of the hereditary family farm. A man who is working a farm to hand down to his children will care for its future fertility in a way that cannot be expected from a man who only wants to make the maximum of money in the minimum of time. Too much city life brings death to society. There may be more good, and possibilities of good, in city life than Lord Portsmouth allows. He may be unhistorical in attributing the deserts of Western Asia and North Africa to the neglect of the soil. There were other factors, and demoralization sometimes begins among a rural population. Birth control was prevalent among the French peasantry long before it reached the English towns. Nevertheless our author speaks a general truth when he says: "The city is built from the produce of the soil. When there are too many in the city for the soil, the soil and the city perish together, as a rabbit warren is eaten bare and then poisoned by the rabbits. As soon as the soil is made the servant of the city, and not the master partner in civilization, the desert begins." PARASITIC CITIES Has the soil been already made the servant of the city in Canada and in Britain? Everybody must live on the land, which means upon the land workers. If the city people give as much help to the land as they take from it there would be an equitable balance. But the evidence points the other way. For example, in Great Britain the nation's food bill at wholesale prices is 500 million pounds sterling, at retail prices it is 1,182 million pounds. Some two million cultivators, in Britain and overseas, are concerned in producing food which is handled by only 540,000 distributors and retailers, Yet producers, though four times as numerous as distributors, get 500 million pounds sterling while the latter get 682 millions. w The agricultural West of Canada has a fixed idea it cannot get a fair bargain from the industrial and financial East. The three Prairie Provinces were insolvent during the Depression and it was admitted that a large proportion of the farmers were quite unable to pay their debts and there were various legal devices for debtors to make arrangements with their creditors. The burdens on the farmers were too heavy for them to carry, though they had done their job of producing the food. The market value of the farms was in a large number of cases less than the liabilities under mortgage. What's wrong with agriculture? Some writers talk of the surplus farmer. They says that there are too many on the land for the needs of the market, that the technical improvements in production has made a lot of the present agricultural labour superfluous. But we know that the city populations are often undernourished, that they need more and better food than they are getting. A lessening of the num- , ber of agricultural producers*,l would mean less food available, 1 and what was available would be at a higher price, which would benefit the remaining farmers but would be bad for the rest of the community. The proponents of the surplus farmer theory may then say that the remaining farmers must improve their methods of production so that they will produce more food and be able to sell it cheaper. This suggestion provokes scepticism. The so-called improved production in the past has benefitted the cities and not the country. Improved production, generally means that farming has to become more capitalistic, more indebtedness on the part of the farmer and more hired labour. We shall be getting further and fur- . ther away, from the independent family farm which is an essential condition of healthy rural life. f CAPITAL AND CREDIT All the authorities seem to agree that farming needs more capital. This is emphasized by Lord Portsmouth as well as by those who are at the opposite pole from him and regard farming as simply a money-making business. However, there are different kinds of capital. Anything is capital which is used for the sake of future values. A father who spends money on his children's education is investing capital just as k much as a man who buys securities on the stock markets. Capital for a family farm would not be the same kind as that for a collective farm. The subject of capital brings us immediately to the thorny question of credit. .... Lord Portsmouth insists that the land dan never afford to pay usury. He wants the issue of credit without interest. The discussion of this proposition must await another occasion. Where Do We Go From Here? »yHENRY somerville, m.a. < V ,vv A ractical Alternative To Illusory Credit The Earl of Portsmouth, whose book, "Alternative to Death," I began to comment upon last week, ' insists quite absolutely that agriculture cannot bear the burden : of interest on loans. This is a j question of the greatest practical importance, applying not to Bri- : tain only. The Earl says that in Australia the debts of the farmers were higher than the farm- value of their property. I imagine 1 the same was very nearly true of Western Canada before the war, for we know that the governments of the Prairie Provinces were insolvent and various extraordinary means were taken, not in Alberta only, to deal with the inability of farmers to meet their obligations. The whole Sirois Report was basically an attempt to redistribute the burden of indebtedness. Hence there is at least a prima face case for the proposition that loan interest is ultimately unpayable by agriculture. The present improved financial position of farmers proves nothing about normal conditions. There is now- plenty of money about, but the Government and the bankers tell us that it would be disastrous to spend it. What is the value of money that cannot be spent? INTEREST IS USURY j It is a pity that Lord Ports- I mouth uses the word usury when I he means interest, for this tends ; readers think there is I some difference between the two. I Though he rightly abhors inter- >rd Portsmouth considers British agriculture requires an immense amount of new capital to put it into proper shape and | I dp not doubt that this is the " .efczyc. rr *_v.'i?_.: _-'v___*-«e_-- • c s in his view that this capit can be created out of nothing 1 the State. He assumes that banks can and do create crec out of nothing and, therefore, th the State can and should do t same; and he assumes further th credit is virtually the same thi: as capitah If all this were tr the solution of economic pro lems would be relatively easy. Lord Portsmouth, and everybody else, must know that capital is not created out of nothing; it i must first be produced by labour and then used by labour for further production. This knowledge should have warned him against the assumption that the " State requires nothing to make | millions of interest-free loans; available. The State can and does make money out of paper, and there is no harm in saying it can make money out of nothing if we remember the limitations to its power. If it creates tbo much money it lowers the value of the whole supply and may even destroy its value entirely. This is what ii meant by inflation, or as A l it was called in the older books,^ depreciation. BANK CREDIT AS MONEY The banks also can make money out of paper when they have the right of note-issue. However, those persons who talk about the power of the banks to create credit are not thinking of the right of note-issue, now very much restricted. The banking system has a remarkable power, called the creation of credit. For example: the banks may receive deposits of a million dollars and f stand ready to pay out the million on demand but at the same time lend out most of that million to earn interest for them. They are secure in the knowledge that the million will not be asiked for at once and those to whom they lend the money will, for the most part, not take it out of the banks but leave it on deposit. There will be changes made by cheque from one deposit account to another but only a fraction of the money will be taken out of the banks at any one time. Thus the banks actually keep the money they lend out at interest! Let us suppose a community with a total money supply of a million dollars which it deposits with the banks. The banks feel safe in lending out $900,000. The community now counts its money as totalling $1,900,000, an increase ; of 90 per cent, due to lending the I banks. If we like to call this operation i "creating money out of nothing" we must remember its limitations. \ The banks cannot create money j to do what they like with them- selves. They owe the money that they lend, they are liable for de- posits and they depend on deposit- ; ors being content to leave the [ "money" in their care. The banks I can only lend money as it is de- j posited with them, though it is I also true that by making loans | they add to their deposits. If i they contract a bad debt their loss i$ just as real as that of a grocer \ who does not get paid for his I goods. CREDIT IS INFLATIONARY Most important of all, the banks, by adding to the effective supply of money, in the sense of spend- ing power, tend towards infla- tion, that is, a higher level off prices. It would take too long to tell just what are the conditions: when credit creation must be in-!; flationary. Certainly there would be inflation if credit were created \ on the scale required by the j3ai.ll of Portsmouth for the reconditioning of agriculture, apart from; the fact that banking credit is properly created only for short- J_*ROFIT NOT INTEREST jinto circulation without creating a, Interest-free loans, whether by'debt Ju§t:sufficient new money to; the State or any other lender, ..balance the increase in goods'-'and are not business proposition* .services resulting from full utiliza- though they may often be ad«mir-ltion of manpower xand materials, able as charity. If we condemn I The mutual aid and lease-lend; loan interest, and deprecate in- jj*>lans developed during the war terest-free loans, what are we pould well be extended after the to do about the supply of capital? |war to help win the peace, he sug- I content myself with recalling teested. Internally the problem the doctrine and practice of the [was to equalize purchasing power £ Middle Ages when loan interest f with production. -f\ was tabu. There is no moral ob- jection to fair profit on capital invested. If I lend money to a farmer to help him to grow and sell wheat and require him to repay me with interest as well as principal when he has a crop | failure or a bad market I am extorting usury. But if I demand only a share of profit if he makes a profit, plus the return of my capital as agreed, I am a shareholder or sleeping, partner in his business and I am acting morally and economically. The State could be such a shareholder or sleeping partner and indeed is which is the one which contains | the machinery for the distribution | of money, and, therefore obviously.' the one down which we must go to find the remedy." Made for Man. The financial system was made by man for man and not by man for the financial system, Lord Sempill said. "It was devised to facilitate the production and distribution of real wealth," he said. "Instead itus. now' standing as a barrier against the enjoyment of that ever-growing volume of the necessaries and the luxuries of life which science already so in a number of war industries. In England there age land technology * have made pos- many landlords who could lend tojsible." their tenants on such terms,] Corlis G. Keyes and- Kemmis Lord Portsmouth is appreciative Allen presided jointly over the of the Middle Ages and he may dinner. The speaker was intro- be willing to consider this idea if duced by W, H. Munro and he is convinced that the creation thanked by Arnold A. Froom. of capital out of nothing is an More than 200 members and their illusion. guests filled the banquet hall. <_r i ^t^F* *" ^r r- -Mr. ■ Keyes, president of the jVJember of House oi Lords jsenior board, explained the new ^Advocates That Common-fP°licy of "graduating members at _.i t . wr _. t _ the age of 40 from the junior to wealth Lead W orid Into the senior boarcr> . * Era of Peace and Pros- Mitchell Dent proposed the toastI ' * neritv With New Policv to the senior board, while Alex H. , peoiy wiui ne|v iroiicy. Fitzsimmons proposed the toast to Establishment'of a new finan-the Junior board. cial technique in the British Com- a ~~7m ** "jr"
* Sir,—A number of the Macraes of Kintail have been highly amused over a .paper written by Father Macdonell on the Clan Macrae, whom ho calls a minor sept. It is rather unfortunate that the reverend gentleman happens to be a Macdonald, as no Macrae would ever dream of accepting a Macdonald as *an authority, on the 'history of his clan, as it is a well- known fact that the Macdonalds were the hereditary foes of the Macraes. Why docs Father Macdonell forget to tell us which elan the| Macraes are a sept of ? No doubt lie would feel very proud if he could make it appear tkafr sucii a brave cl^ii as ths Macraes were a. sept of the Macdonalds. He j might give such a contention a semblance of truth, as it is well known that :m branch of the Macdonalds once peopled Glenudu- lain, in Lochalsh. They were called Clan Hie Bhire, and there is in said glen ^ a j marrow "gorge still called Feadan Hie Bhire. ' It is* said the Macdonalds1 fled through this goxge after being defeated in battle by the Macraes. No one can write to a newspaper and .'say that the Macraes were attic-lifters or robbers. Father Maodonell mamtabis that the Clan Macrae 'hk_ not at any time in History held a place of any great pre-eminence among Highland cfans. It would be interesting to. know what Father Macdonell means by history. Can he name a elan that possesses any old written history, for if we reject oral tradition we have nothing else to gmide us? It is, therefore, false to talk about genuine history. Father Macdonell •tells us that the Macraes were first heard of in the AI Ca ft i strict. Why, any old man in Kintail or Strathglass will tell him that the Macraes of Aird were descendants of the Macraes who had gone there from Kintail, and if the Macraes of Aird were snobodies, can Father Macdonell explain to us the meaning of the old Gaelic saying— "Nuair bhi's Frisealach a stigh cha bhi MacRath nraigh?" Now, if the Macraes of Aird were the first Macraes to be heard of, why are we not told that Lord Lovat is tlie chief of the Clan Macrae, for it seems that we are to hear nothing about a chief of the Macraes; until they came from Aird to Kintail? This, i& all very fine, but who can tell us when the Macraes first settled in Kintail ? Any stranger reading all that has been written in the newspapers- for some time back regarding this elan I would imagine the .Macraes to be some | wild savages that came to Kintail from ! ®ome land not yet discovered; whereas we know the Macraes to have been a brave and independent clan, with a tartan of their | own, slogan, of their own, etc., and a clan who feared no foe. We are also aware that the Macraes took part in the wars of King Eobert the Bruce and yet we are told that they were a sept of no pre-eminence. Father Macdonell also, tells us that the j Macraes of the south have no connection with the Kintail Macraes; but if Father Macdonell was to live a hundred years after this he would no doubt hand a paper to the Gaelic Society of that day and maintain that the Macraes in the'colonies and the United States: were not descended from j the Macraes of Kintail. But I think it would be more appropriate for Father Macdonell to confine his papers to the history of his own clan, for the Macraes * of ' Kintail will not accept him ox» the Gaelic i Society of Inverness as authorities on the j history of their clan.—I am, Sir, yours, j . efc<5., MacEatii. !
Newspapers
Clippings
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Box 188
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection
Clippings book of newspaper articles relating to the Clandonald settlement
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