CONTENTdm
MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
Foldout Map: Figure 1 GEOLOGY OF THE LIME CREEK AREA; Foldout Map: Figure 2 GEOLOGY OF THE LIME CREEK PROPERTY BRITISH COLUMBIA MOLYBDENUM LTD.; Foldout Map: Figure 16 SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGY OF MAIN LEVELS TEXADA MINES LTD.; Foldout Map: Figure 17 WESTERN MINES LTD. LYNX MINE 925 LEVEL; Foldout Map: Figure 20 MARYSVILLE MAGNESITE; Foldout Map: Figure 22 BRISCO MAGNESITE AREA
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LODE METALS CONTENTS eral Review Page 4 3S on Mftat Mines 8 Atlin __ 8 Taku River 8 Alaska Highway 9 Deadwood Lake 10 Cassiar_ 10 Dease Lake 11 Trapper Lake 11 Sheslay River . 11 Stikine River _ _ - 13 Mess Creek _.„ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ 17 Iskut River 18 Unuk River ____ 18 Portland Canal 21 Alice Arm _ _ 24 Observatory Inlet .. _ _ _ 45 Queen Charlotte Islands _ 45 Banks Island __ _ _ 47 Terrace.. _ __ ., ____ 47 Babine Range 48 Smithers „ 51 Babine Lake 52 TaklaLake . __ ^ „_„_. 53 Morice Lake - - 53 Tahtsa Lake . _ __. - ____ 53 Whitesail Lake 57 Eutsuk Lake 57 Endako 58 Nithi Mountain, _ __ 62 Cariboo _ - 65 Lac la Hache _ _ ___ ,. 65 Lillooet. . _ _„ 80 Pemberton - - „ „ 84 Lytton _ ,, ,„ _ - , „, . 84 Highland Valley ... 85 Skuhun Creek _ .__. 91 Merritt 92 Page 2 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued Canford 94 Nicola 94 Aspen Grove 95 Kamloops 97 North Thompson 99 Adams Lake 99 Shuswap Lake 99 Mount Henning 100 Tulameen 100 Similkameen River 101 Keremeos 102 Mount Kathleen 103 Peachland 103 Vernon 104 Westwold 104 Salmon Arm 105 Sicamous 105 Mabel Lake 105 Oliver 108 Osoyoos 109 Beaverdell 109 Greenwood 110 Phoenix 111 Granby River 112 McRae Creek 112 Rossland 113 Trail 115 Nelson 115 Ymir 115 Salmo 115 Nelway 117 Summit Creek 118 North Kootenay Lake 118 Keen Creek 121 Kaslo 121 Retallack-Three Forks 122 Sandon 123 Slocan Lake 125 Enterprise Creek 126 Springer Creek 127 Nakusp 129 Pingston Creek 130 North Lardeau 130 LODE METALS Notes on Metal Mines—Continued South Lardeau Rose Pass Moyie Vancouver Island 152 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 GENERAL REVIEW The average Canadian prices paid in 1964 for silver and the base metals were well up. The price for silver, $1.3946 per ounce, was an all-time high, the prices for copper and lead were the highest since 1956, and the price for zinc was the highest since 1952. The New York silver price was constant throughout 1964, and most of the increase in base-metal prices took place in the second half of the year. The values for gold and for iron concentrates were essentially unchanged from 1963. The total quantity of ore mined at all lode mines amounted to 12,523,636 tons and came from 65 mines, of which 43 produced 100 tons or more. The average number employed in the lode-mining industry in 1964, including mines, mills, and smelters, was 8,681. In 1964, 30 mills were operated, 17 of them throughout the year. Of the others, five were new, two reopened, one closed, and five operated for part of the year. The new mills were those at the Silbak Premier and Mount Washington properties and small plants at the Ottawa, Meteor, and Washington properties in the Slocan. The Cork Province mill reopened after a closure of 12 years. The Britannia operation closed. Four mills treated gold ore, including the Silbak Premier and the small Fandora mill. Nine mills treated copper ore, two in association with iron ore, one made a bulk nickel-copper concentrate, and one produced a molybdenite by-product. Five mills produced magnetic iron concentrates. Fourteen mills treated silver-lead-zinc ores, including two that accepted custom ore and three small plants. The Bethlehem capacity was increased from about 3,500 to 6,000 tons per day, and for the first time a molybdenum concentrate was produced. The Trail smelter recorded custom receipts from British Columbia properties of 12,741 tons of ore, 1,177 tons of lead concentrates, and 17,370 tons of zinc concentrates. The ore was from 30 properties, of which three produced 90 per cent of the total; a number received a bonus for the silica content. The lead concentrates came from 11 properties, one of which contributed 52 per cent of the total. The zinc concentrates came from 14 properties, one of which contributed 82 per cent of the total. In addition, the smelter treated considerable amounts of lead and zinc concentrates and ores from out-of-Province sources. Lead concentrates exported to American smelters totalled 20,121 tons, and zinc concentrates, 43,489 tons. Of the copper concentrates, 154,357 tons went to Japanese smelters and 26,761 tons went to the Tacoma smelter. Copper matte from the Trail smelter, amounting to 971 tons, went to the Tacoma smelter. Nickel-copper bulk concentrates, amounting to 19,100 tons, were shipped to Japan. All iron-ore concentrates, a total of 1,929,102 tons, were shipped under contract to Japan. The promise of future production from several recently developed ore zones and the high level of exploration activity make the present one of the brightest periods in British Columbia's history. Commitments have been made to proceed to production at Endako and Boss Mountain in 1965 with very substantial output of molybdenum concentrates. The Granisle and Granduc copper deposits are to produce by 1966 and 1968 respectively. The Tasu mine will produce copper as well as iron concentrates, and the Western Mines Lynx property will produce copper and zinc as well as gold and silver. The total value of all metals produced in 1964 was $180,926,329, setting a new record approximately $8,000,000 above the total for 1963. The increase in value was due entirely to increase in metal prices in the past year, since the LODE METALS 5 quantities of all the more abundant metals were down. The value of zinc was at an eight-year high, although the quantity produced was close to the average figure for the same length of time. The production of lead was the lowest since 1949 and was almost 15 per cent below that for 1963, yet the value was 4 per cent higher than in 1963. The value of cadmium was at a record high of $6,040,186, placing that metal in sixth place, below silver and above gold. The production of gold continued to drop, reaching the lowest point since 1946. Reduced production from Bralorne and Coast Copper was largely responsible. Milling at Silbak Premier took place too late in the year to affect the total substantiaUy. The situation with regard to silver, lead, and zinc was not greatly changed. The higher price for zinc had no apparent effect on production of that metal. A sharp drop in lead production took place at the Sullivan and, on the average, at other lead-producing mines as well. While the output of lead from the Sullivan was down, the Trail smelter accepted more custom lead concentrates from outside the Province than has been usual. Silver production, naturally, fell with that of lead. The high price of silver was reflected by little more than customary activity in the Slocan, where three small mills were put into operation; they did not greatly affect the over-all picture. At Alice Arm several old silver properties were under investigation but, in general, search for new deposits of silver, lead, and zinc was not very active. The Western Mines property at Buttle Lake, slated for production in 1966, will contribute a considerable amount of zinc. Copper production was down from the record year of 1963, although the output still exceeded 115,000,000 pounds. There were three reasons for this drop. Cowichan Copper was inoperative, Britannia was closed late in 1964 through labour-management dispute, and a slide in the Craigmont open pit curtailed production and necessitated the drawing of ore from the low-grade stockpile. On the other hand, the Phoenix operation had its most productive year, and Coast Copper increased its output substantially in its second full year of operation. The new mill at Mount Washington was opened in December, although no shipments were made in 1964. The future for copper is good. The announced intentions of Granduc Mines Limited to bring its property into production in 1968 at a rate of 7,500 tons per day and that of Granisle Copper Company (1964) Limited to bring its property into production in 1966 at a rate of 5,000 tons per day are of major importance. At the same time, the copper produced by the projected Tasu and Western Mines operations will be substantial. It seems certain that at the end of 1968 the rate of copper production will be twice that at the end of 1964. Other copper deposits still in the exploration stage will probably make mines in the reasonably near future. There was no great change in the volume of production of iron concentrates, but there were some interesting developments. The magnetic circuit installed in the Coast Copper mill produced for the first time in 1964. Wesfrob Mines Limited announced an early start on bringing the Tasu major iron-copper deposit into production. The Texada mine was fully converted from an open pit to an underground operation, becoming the second largest underground mine in the Province. An 800-foot production shaft was sunk at the Brynnor mine to develop the deeper part of the ore zone. The F.L. property at Zeballos resumed operation as an underground mine. Underground development was continued at the Empire property. Between 1914 and 1960 the Province produced several small lots of molybdenum concentrates, totalling 31,303 pounds of metal. In 1964, 28,245 pounds of molybdenum in concentrates was a by-product of the Bethlehem mill. British 6 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Columbia is on the eve of becoming an important producer, with major molybdenum deposits at Endako and Boss Mountain being brought into production. A number of other interesting deposits are being actively investigated in widely scattered situations, including one in the old Rossland camp. The interest is a result of the improved market for molybdenum, but it stems also from appreciation of the wide distribution of the mineral molybdenite and from realization of the possible low mining costs obtainable in such large low-grade deposits as Endako. Claim staking was at a new high. A total of 29,244 mineral claims was recorded, some 3,000 more than the previous high of 1956, when there was a staking boom in the Kamloops Mining Division. In 1964 many claims were staked in the Kamloops region, but more in the Omineca and Liard Mining Divisions. The full length of the western half of the Province was under investigation for deposits of copper and molybdenum, and such has been the competition that large claim groups have been staked on indications of mineral or in strategic situations. However, low-grade deposits are long and costly to evaluate, and much surface investigation of showings has been done and will continue to be done for many years to come. The Stikine River region attracted most attention, with Galore Creek as centre. Stikine Copper Limited diamond drilled 45,000 feet of holes in six months, employing 11 drills and two helicopters. This was a model of intensive exploration in difficult terrane. Other work in the region included surface investigation of all kinds. More mining companies, large and small, were active in British Columbia than ever before. There was, moreover, more interest shown in mining and mine exploration by the oil companies and by those whose capital was derived from oil than in past years, when it was commoner for mining companies to spread into the oilfields. The extent and diversity of exploration activity have made that activity hard to measure, particularly as air transportation enables a crew to whip into an isolated situation, do a considerable amount of work, and whip out in the space of a few weeks, outside the knowledge of most mining people. The mass staking of claims, the abandonments, the regroupings and changes in ownership or control, and the different phases of exploration by different aggregates make the record a confusing one to maintain. At the same time, there is more need for those who are concerned with the future development of the country to keep well informed and to maintain a suitable record. This Annual Report, it is feared, has not maintained the record as well as it might during the last few years, and there is need for change in the method of collecting information and preserving it for the use of the industry as a whole. Gone is the time when a road or a horse-trail provided access to every property under exploration, and an individual could keep track of all significant developments in the Province. It will be recalled that the decision to put Bethlehem into production, made in 1961, was looked upon with skepticism by some engineers. The Endako deposit was considered by many to be prohibitively low in grade until comparatively recently. Production is now a fact at one mine and assured at the other, while the Granisle deposit is committed for production at the announced grade of 0.53 per cent copper. British Columbians are revising their concepts of costs, and have tended to overlook the fact that the Phoenix Copper operation during the past three-year period has mined, at an average rate of about 1,700 tons per calendar day, ore that has averaged approximately 12V_ pounds of copper per ton and approximately 90 cents in gold and silver. The mining of iron ore underground at the Texada, Zeballos, and Empire mines and presently at Brynnor shows excellent cost figures involving a low- grade product. LODE METALS The unfortunate incident at the Cowichan Copper Sunloch mine on December 5, 1963, when ground caved and the Jordan River flowed into the mine, prevented production throughout 1964. An unforeseen effect was that the rush of water through the haulage adit took out timber and caused caving at several places. Water under pressure in the caved adit then escaped through fissures in the rock, with the result that a serious washout of overburden took place and a land slip of considerable size was threatened (see pp. 169 and 170 ). Such a set of circumstances may never be repeated, but the power of water under pressure underground was amply demonstrated. MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 NOTES ON METAL MINES Tin ATLIN (59° 133° N.E.) Western district exploration office, 1150 Bay Avenue, Trail. Twenty recorded claims are held by option on Boulder Creek, approximately 16 road miles northeast of Atlin. Work commenced on July 10th and was completed on July 17th by a small crew under the direction of D. W. Heddle. During this time 115 feet of diamond drilling was done in five holes on a tin showing in a pyrrhotite-fluorite skarn zone. One mile of four-wheel-drive road connects the showing with the Boulder Creek road. The property was not visited. Silver Diamond (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited)* Copper Laverdiere (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited)* (59° 134° S.E.) Western district exploration office, 1150 Bay Avenue, Trail. The company holds 44 recorded mineral claims and holds options on three Crown-granted claims on this old property on the west side of Hoboe Creek, at the southwest end of Willison Bay on Atlin Lake. A work programme was carried on intermittently during the period of March to August, 1964, by a small crew under the direction of R. G. Gifford and M. R. Wolfhard. Magnetometer and geological surveys were made of the area and 505 feet of diamond drilling was done in five holes. Copper mineralization occurs in a magnetite-bearing skarn in sedimentary rocks. The property was reached by float-equipped plane from Atlin to a small nearby unnamed lake near the showings. The property was not visited (see Annual Report, 1918, p. 93). Molybdenum (59° 134° S.E.) Western district exploration office, 1150 Bay Avenue, Trail. Fifty mineral claims are held by record on the north slope of Mount Caprice, at the southwest end of Willison Bay on Atlin Lake. A small crew worked from June 9th until October 28th under the direction of W. J. McMillan and M. R. Wolfhard. Geological mapping, a magnetometer survey, trenching, trail-building, line-cutting, and 1,200 feet of BX diamond drilling were done. Molybdenite was found as disseminations and fracture fillings, with minor pyrite and chalcopyrite in sheared and brec- ciated biotite-rich granite. Transportation was by float-equipped plane from Atlin to the camp on the shore of Willison Bay. The property was not visited. Molly (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited)* Silver-Lead-Zinc Potlatch-Banker (New Taku Mines Ltd.)* TAKU RIVER (58° 133° N.W.) Registered office, 25 King Street West, Toronto; company office, 1033 Davie Street, Vancouver 5. W. B. Milner, president; L. G. White, engineer in charge. The company holds the NT group of 36 recorded claims and 75 Crown-granted claims of the Polaris Taku property, for * By H. Bapty. LODE METALS 9 the most part on the east side of the Tulsequah River about 2.5 miles above its junction with the Taku River. A good gravel road is maintained for 6 miles on the west side of the Tulsequah River from docking facilities on the Taku River. A small airport is also maintained along this road. The 1964 field season lasted from July 1st until September 15th. X-ray diamond drilling footage was 403 feet in 14 holes, done by an average crew of five men. Transportation was by river boat and helicopter. The property was not visited. (58° 133° N.W.) Registered office, 25 King Street West, Zohini (New Taku Toronto; company office, 1033 Davie Street, Vancouver 5. Mines Ltd.)* W. B. Milner, president; L. G. White, engineer in charge. The company holds the Zohini group of 60 recorded claims, 8 miles north of Tulsequah, on the south slope of Mount Lester Jones on the north side of Zohini Creek. Map 931a accompanying Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 248 shows the area underlain by rocks of the Inklin Group of Lower Cretaceous age. A shear zone exposed on the upper end for a width of 35 feet between well-defined walls was traced for 300 feet of slope distance, and showed two mineralized sections of massive lead-zinc-antimony sulphides. The 1964 field season commenced July 1st and was completed by September 15th, during which time 11 open cuts were dug by a crew of five men. Transportation was by helicopter. The property was not visited. (58° 133° N.W.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Sil (Ericksen-Ashby Street, Vancouver 5. J. M. Powelson, president. Newconex Mines Ltd.)* Canadian Exploration Limited, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver 2, has agreed to manage all the mining work to be performed on the property. The company holds 34 recorded claims near the top of Ericksen Mountain on the south side of the Taku River, 4 miles east of Tulsequah. Mapping during 1963 indicated two general areas of mineralization—one at 4,000 feet elevation and the other at 3,200 feet elevation. Evidence of mineralization occurs along a strike length of 3,000 feet. A new discovery of silver-lead-zinc mineralization was made at an elevation of 2,500 feet in a heavily covered area to the northeast of the portal, but because of the overburden and the folding and faulting, the zone lengths and widths were difficult to estimate. A crosscut adit was driven 500 feet at 3,200 feet elevation. This encountered two silver-lead-zinc zones. One of these was in the crosscut and the other at the end of the adit. A large diamond- drill station was slashed out 465 feet from the portal, and from it nine AX diamond- drill holes were drilled a total length of 1,762 feet. Work commenced in June and was completed by the 26th of August, and was done by a crew of 10 men under the supervision of G. A. Russell, engineer. Transportation of supplies was by barge on the Taku River and by helicopter to the camp-site. The property was not visited. ALASKA HIGHWAY Tootsee River (59° 130° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 106, 19 Melinda Street, Toronto 1. W. S. Amy 3 (Rancheria Kennedy, president; D. A. Campbell, engineer in charge of Mining Co. Ltd.)t property. The company holds 158 recorded claims about 2 miles west of Tootsee Lake and 22 miles by road from * By H. Bapty. t By W. C. Robinson. 10 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Mile 701 on the Alaska Highway. The showings consist of galena and sphalerite mineralization in limestone, approximately 1,000 feet from a granite contact. Work in 1964, which was carried out by an average crew of eight men, commenced on April 15th and was suspended on September 15th. Initial work consisted of road construction. This was followed by 220 feet of crosscutting and 80 feet of drifting. Galena and sphalerite mineralization, similar to the surface showings exposed in trenches, was encountered in the drift. It has been reported that other work consisted of geophysical and geochemical surveying. DEADWOOD LAKE Lead-Zinc (59° 128° S.E.) Western district exploration office, 1150 Hidden Valley (The Bay Avenue, Trail. The company holds the Vale group of Consolidated Min- 140 mineral claims by record and 9 other claims by option. ing and Smelting The property is between Sandpile Lake and the head of Hid- Company of Can- den Valley Creek, approximately 80 air miles south of Wat- ada, Limited)* son Lake and 65 air miles east of Cassiar. Geological mapping, electromagnetic surveys, minor trenching, and 185 feet of diamond drilling in three holes were done during the month of June by a small crew of men under the direction of A. B. MaWer and S. A. Jackson. Mineralization is reported to consist of massive pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, galena, and barite fracture fillings in sheared and brecciated dolomite, quartzite, slate, and greenstones. Transportation was by float-equipped plane from Watson Lake and by a newly built foot-trail from Sand- pile Lake. The property was not visited. CASSIAR Molybdenum (59° 129° S.W.) New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company Storiet (Canada) Ltd., 905, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver 2, holds 10 claims by option agreement and 15 claims by record. The property is east of Limestone Peak and is about 4 miles south of Cassiar. Access is by truck-road up Granite Creek. The main molybdenite mineralization occurs in granite about 1,000 feet south of a limestone contact. Work in 1964 commenced in June and was terminated in September. An average crew of nine men was employed under the direction of Peter Crone. Work included mapping, trenching, and 3,947 feet of diamond drilling with BX wire-line equipment. Gold (59° 129° S.W.) Head office, 401, 470 Granville Street, Hanna Gold Vancouver 2; mine office, Cassiar. J. B. Frosst, president; Mines Ltd.t W. C. Hood, Jr., managing director. The property, which was originally known as the Cornucopia group, is on the east slope of Quartzrock Creek valley, 2 to 3 miles north of McDame Lake. The showings have been described in previous Annual Reports (see 1947, pp. 70-72). During 1964 Newconex Canadian Exploration Limited, of Toronto, optioned the property. Work, which was carried out by an average crew of 12 men under the direction of J. S. Ives, commenced on May 1st and was suspended on October 31st. Development of the 3600 level continued and comprised 595 feet of drifting and crosscutting. Other work included diamond drilling six holes underground, totalling 715 feet, trenching, sampling, and geological mapping. The property is serviced by the Cassiar-Stewart road. • By H. Bapty. t By W. C. Robinson. LODE METALS 11 Silver-Lead-Zinc McDame Belle, Bar (Ventures Mining Ltd)* (59° 129° S.E.) Company office, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. H. A. Briden, managing director; R. G. Hawley, engineer in charge of property. This property is located on McDame Creek, approximately 20 miles by road east of Cassiar. The company holds 149 claims by record and 5 claims by option agreement. Work in 1964, which was carried out by an average crew of eight men, commenced on May 1st and was suspended on December 15th. Fourteen diamond-drill holes, totalling 3,154 feet, were drilled from surface with BX wire-line equipment. Other work included trenching and road construction. It has been reported that the mineralization consists of galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, with minor pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, generally associated with argillite bands in limestone and dolomite. The property was not visited. DEASE LAKE Copper Joy (Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited) t (58° 129° S.E.) Company office, 1111, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president. The company holds the Snowdrift prospect, consisting of the 32 recorded Joy claims lying 33 miles east of Dease Lake and from 5 to 7 miles southeast of Eaglehead Lake. Copper mineralization occurs in sheared granitic rocks along a contact zone with greywacke, at the west side of the Cassiar batholith. Work commenced on July 15th and terminated on August 30th, with a crew of eight men under the supervision of G. Rayner, engineer. An induced potential survey was employed to explore a large geochemical anomaly. A fixed-wing aircraft flew supplies to Eagle- head Lake, and from there helicopter and packhorses were used for transportation. The property was not visited. TRAPPER LAKE Copper-Gold-Silver (58° 132° N.W.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver 2; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince George. B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. The Thorn group of 22 recorded claims is on a tributary of the Sutlahine River, about 13 miles southeast of King Salmon Lake and northwest of Trapper Lake. The Club group of 66 recorded claims and the Kay group of 44 recorded claims are in the same general grouping as the Thorn. Some hand-trenching, commenced in June, was completed in September by a crew of 12 men under the direction of M. O. Hampton. Geological mapping, geochemical sampling, and an induced potential survey were done. Transportation was by fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter. The property was not visited. SHESLAY RIVER Copper (58° 132° S.E.) Registered office, 25 King Street West, Toronto; Vancouver office, 744 West Hastings Street. J. Drybrough, president; G. Gutrath, engineer in charge. This is a group of 84 recorded claims, 45 miles north of Telegraph Creek on the west side of Samotua River and east of Tatsamenie Lake. Outcrops of altered volcanic and sedimen- Thorn, Club, Kay (Julian Mining Co. Ltd.)t " Bing (Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited)! * By W. C. Robinson. t By H. Bapty. On the GI claim group, Klastline Plateau. Helicopter pad at drill-site, Galore Creek. LODE METALS 13 tary rocks show finely disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sparse molybdenite. Work, continuous from July until September, was done by a crew of nine men and consisted of geological mapping, geochemical sampling, and geophysical surveying. Transportation to the property was by fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter. The property was not visited. STIKINE RIVER Copper (57° 130° S.W.-570 131° S.E., N.W.) Seven groups, BIK, BUD* totalling 272 recorded claims, are held under an agreement between Silver Standard Mines Limited, 602 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2, and American Smelting and Refining Co., 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. W. St. C. Dunn and P. I. Conley were engineers for the respective companies. The claims were located early in 1964, partly as relocations of ground held by Silver Standard in past years. The groups are as follows: South Scud (BIK 87-116), 5 miles southeast of the big bend in the Scud River; Middle Scud (BIK 117-136), 3 miles east of the toe of Scud Glacier; North Scud (BIK 137-160), west side of Scud Glacier; Mess Creek (BIK 161-196), upper Mess Creek, 5 miles southwest of Arctic Lake; Conover Creek (BIK 197-220), west side of the Chutine River, 3 miles from its mouth; East and North Stikine (BIK 221-269, BIK Fractions 1-3), mostly east of Galore Creek and lying east and north of the Galore Creek property of Stikine Copper; BUD 1-28, on the east side of upper Schaft Creek, south of the Bird group. Work was carried out from mid-June to mid-September by a crew of 14 men. Geological mapping was done on all groups and a magnetometer survey was made on the Stikine East and Stikine North ground. Prospecting and regional geochemical sampling were done. Transportation was by river boat to the mouth of the Anuk River, and thence by helicopter. These properties were not visited. (57° 131° S.W.) Registered office, Suite 901, Vancouver COS (Skeena Silver Block, Vancouver 3; Vancouver office, 844 West Hastings Mines Ltd.)* Street, Vancouver 1. F. A. McGonigle, president; H. L. Hill and F. L. C. Price, consulting engineers. The company holds 16 recorded claims situated on the south side of Cone Mountain, commencing 2,000 feet north of the Scud River. Stringers mineralized with bornite and chalcopyrite were reported on a limestone-granite contact. The prospecting was done by a crew of seven men during August. Transportation was by fixed-wing float plane and helicopter. The property was not visited. CW, PH, NH (Conwest Exploration Company Limited)* (57° 131° S.E.) Registered office, 85 Richmond Street West, Toronto 1; Vancouver office, 901, 675 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2. F. M. Connell, president; G. Grant, geologist, supervised geological mapping on the CW, PH, and NH groups. The work was done by a group of six men from June 8th until September 20th. All properties were geologically mapped at a scale of 1 inch to 1,320 feet. Some geochemical sampling was done and mineral showings were sampled. Minor amounts of copper were found in the volcanic rocks. The CW group contains 281 recorded claims and adjoins the Stikine Copper Limited property on the north and west. * By H. Bapty. Stikine Copper Limited. Galore Creek camp. .".-. :. ' .■,....:■:■:.■;'■:■■ Stikine Copper Limited. Core examination and assay buildings left, core shacks right. LODE METALS 15 The PH group contains 84 recorded claims and adjoins the Stikine Copper Limited property on the southeast. The NH group of 97 recorded claims is at the head of Sphaler Creek and adjoins the Goat and Kim groups on the east and south. These properties were not visited. Galore Creek (Stikine Copper Limited)* (57° 131° S.E.) Company office, 1111, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. H. Burgess, president; D. A. Barr, engineer in charge at property. This company holds 289 recorded claims (270 GC, 9 HAB, and 10 BUY claims), all in the headwaters of Galore Creek and Anuk River. Copper mineralization occurs in syenite porphyry in several zones within an area of 8 square miles. The largest deposit developed to date, the Central Zone, has been traced by diamond drilling for a length of 6,500 feet. Work commenced in late April and continued until November 5th. An average crew of 85 men was employed during that time. A total of 44,994 feet of diamond drilling was completed in 61 holes. Additional work included claim surveying, geological mapping, IV2 miles of road construction, and the completion of two airstrips. Supplies were barged up the Stikine River to the Anuk River and from there flown by Sikorsky and Hiller helicopters into the property. The property was also serviced by fixed-wing aircraft landing on the Stikine River and on an airstrip at the property. Additional core-storage sheds were constructed. An assay-crusher building, office, and core-logging building were constructed on the property, and a warehouse at a staging point at the mouth of the Anuk River. The diamond drilling was done with 11 machines, and in almost all cases the drillers were transported twice daily by helicopter. Approximately 96,000 feet of diamond drilling has now been done on this property. Two chartered helicopters serviced the drills and brought in supplies over the Anuk summit or, when visibility was limited, by way of the Scud River. A bulldozer tractor and a four-wheel drive vehicle were flown in, and roads were built in the upper basin and down the west side of Galore Creek valley. A watchman remained in camp for the winter. (57° 131° S.E.) The Racicot Syndicate is composed of Penny (Racicot Silver Standard Mines Limited, 808, 602 West Hastings Syndicate)'!" Street, Vancouver 2; Magnum Consolidated Mining Co. Ltd., 700, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; and Keevil Mining Group Ltd., 11 Adelaide Street West, Toronto 1. Responsibility for the work was under the direction of W. St. C. Dunn for Silver Standard Mines Limited. The Penny 1 to 34 are recorded claims on the east fork of Galore Creek, lying south and east of the Copper Canyon property of eight claims. Copper mineralization occurs in a syenite intrusive. Work commenced June 16th and stopped August 24th with a crew of six men. Work included geological mapping, a magnetometer survey, and the digging of 18 trenches with a total length of 1,462 feet. Transportation was by river boat from Wrangel, Alaska, to the Anuk River and thence by helicopter. (57° 131° S.W.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Ann, Su (Julian Vancouver 2; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince Mining Co. Ltd.)t George. B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. This company controls a large group of recorded * By H. Bapty and M. S. Hedley. t By H. Bapty. lulian Mining Co. Ltd. Bulldozer trenches and geophysical lines on Ann property. Split Creek, tributary of Porcupine River. Headwaters of Split Creek from high trench on Ann property. LODE METALS 17 claims including the Ann 1-144 and the Su 1-11 on Split Creek. The property includes the upper basin of Split Creek and extends south nearly to the Porcupine River. Work was commenced by a crew of 12 men on July 1st and continued until the end of August, under the direction of R. S. Adamson. Geological mapping, geochemical sampling, an induced potential survey, and a magnetic survey were undertaken. A buldozer tractor was taken from the Stikine River into the property, and trenching was done on the flank of Mount Scotsimpson. The property was served by fixed-wing float plane and helicopter. The property was not visited. (57° 131° S.E.) Company office, 1111, 1030 West Goat, Kim (Kennco Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president. Explorations (West- The company holds the Goat group of 48 recorded claims on ern) Limited)* Sphaler Creek, 16 miles east of the junction of the Porcupine and Stikine Rivers. Work, which was undertaken by a crew of six men, was commenced in June and completed by September 15. The following was done under agreement with Silver Standard Mines Limited, owner of the adjoining Kim group of 10 claims: Mapping, sampling, several hundred feet of shallow trenching, several miles of trail work, and two X-ray diamond-drill holes were sunk a total of 126 feet. The showings consist of disseminated copper minerals in altered and brecciated volcanic rocks with minor monzonite intrusives. Several areas are under investigation along a northeast-trending zone on either side of Sphaler Creek. Transportation is by river boat to the mouth of the Porcupine River and thence by helicopter. The property was not visited. MESS CREEK Copper (57° 131° S.E.) Company office, 844 West Hastings MESS, MEST, JET, Street, Vancouver 1. F. A. McGonigle, president; H. L. DELL (Skeena Hill and F. L. C. Price, consulting engineers. The company Silver Mines Ltd.)* holds three groups of mineral claims by record in the Mess Creek area. A crew of seven men in August did work on this ground. Transportation was by fixed-wing float plane and helicopter. The properties were not visited. The MESS 1-12 and MEST 1-34 claims are on the southwest side of Mess Lake, about one-half mile from the shore. The JET 1-16 claims are on the ridge between Mess Creek and Schaft Creek, south of the Bird group and about 9 miles southwest of Mess Lake. Prospecting uncovered a lightly mineralized outcrop 30 feet wide. The DELL 1-32 claims lie west of Schaft Creek, about 9 miles southwest of Mess Lake. A geochemical survey showed indications of copper, but prospecting failed to reveal copper mineralization. (57° 130° S.W.) This group of 20 recorded claims is held SNO, Bird* under an agreement between Silver Standard Mines Limited, 602 West Pender Street, Vancouver 2; Mclntyre Porcupine Mines Limited; Kerr-Addison Gold Mines Limited; and Dalhousie Oil Company Limited. It is in a saddle on the ridge between Schaft Creek and Mess Creek, 7 miles southwest of Mess Lake. Trenching had been done on the Bird claims in past years. On the SNO claims four men under W. St. C. Dunn did 900 feet of trenching between August 20th and September 11th. Geological mapping was also done. Transportation was by helicopter. The property was not visited. * By H. Bapty. 4 18 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 (57° 130° S.W.) Head office, 333 Broadway Avenue, Bam (Hudson Bay Winnipeg 1. E. S. Austin, president; R. A. Freberg, assis- Exploration and tant chief geologist in exploration. The Bam group of 21 Development Com- recorded claims lies on the east side of upper Mess Creek pany Limited)* about 2 miles southwest of Arctic Lake. Rock types in the mineralized area consist of fractured arkose lying unconform- ably above dolomite. Minerals of interest are tetrahedrite and secondary malachite and azurite in the arkose. Disseminated tetrahedrite is also present in shattered dolomite. Mineralized zones appear to dip 10 degrees to the southwest. The showings were located and sampled in September, 1963, and diamond drilling was done between August 11 and September 3, 1964. Four drillers and assistants worked under the direction of the engineer, G. C. Camsell. Three EX diamond-drill holes were drilled with a footage of 736 feet. A float-equipped aircraft was used to bring supplies to Arctic Lake, whence a helicopter serviced the property. The property was not visited. ISKUT RIVER Iron-Zinc-Copper (56° 130° N.W.) Vancouver office, 744 West Hastings Shan (Newmont Street, Vancouver 1. J. Drybrough, president; G. W. H. Mining Corpora- Norman, engineer in charge. This group of 20 recorded tion of Canada claims lies approximately 4 miles south of the Iskut River Limited)* and 2 miles east of Snippacker Creek. The showings consist of skarnified limestone and volcanics sporadically mineralized with magnetite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. The skarn zone parallels and is adjacent to an east-west trending monzonite contact. Three men were employed in geological mapping. The work commenced in July and was completed by August. Transportation was by helicopter. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 9.) UNUK RIVER Copper (56° 130° S.E.) Company office, 626, 744 West Hastings Granduc (Granduc Street, Vancouver 1. J. Drybrough, president; R.D.Baker, Mines Limited)! general manager. The Granduc mine, at the head of the Leduc River, 25 miles north-northwest of Stewart, comprises 64 Crown-granted and 153 recorded mineral claims. Considerable work was conducted on the property starting in February, with an exploration development programme of 893 feet of crosscutting, 591 feet of raising, and 7,529 feet of diamond drilling. This exploration programme was completed in May. Financial arrangements were completed in July to bring the property into production, and work was started in August to establish a 140-man camp at the Leduc end of the proposed 11.6-mile drainage and access tunnel. At the Leduc end an 8-foot pilot tunnel was driven a distance of 260 feet and a storage drift 200 feet long was also completed. The camp at Leduc consists of four bunkhouses, dining hall, recreation hall, auditorium, office, dry, and power-house. The construction of a 140-man camp at the Tide Lake end of the tunnel was started. This camp, when completed, will have facilities similar to the Leduc camp. The portal at the Tide Lake end was started and oil-storage facilities installed. Eighty mineral claims were recorded in the Tide Lake area. During the year the work force averaged 40 to 50 men under the supervision of H. M. Fowler. • By H. Bapty. t By H. Bapty and E. W. Grove. LODE METALS 19 During August and September 150 tons of ore was air freighted to Stewart and then transhipped by boat to Lakefield, Ont., for bulk grinding tests. An airstrip was prepared on the North Leduc Glacier and a gravel strip at Tide Lake. These airstrips are used for handling deliveries of freight to the sites by C-46 and Otter aircraft. Personnel are transported by helicopter. Freight was also hauled from Stewart and delivered to the two camp-sites by means of a Nodwell carrier and " cat " trains. The construction of the 29-mile access road from Stewart to the Tide Lake area was started September 15th. Ted-Ray.—This group of 64 recorded claims is held by Granduc Mines Limited. An airborne magnetometer survey was carried out during the early summer. Max.—This is another Granduc Mines Limited holding of 84 recorded claims (see Annual Report, 1962, p. 8). The present Granduc mine showings were apparently located in 1931 by W. Dawson and W. Fromholz, of Ketchikan, Alaska. These prospectors first made an aerial reconnaissance of the area and were later serviced at their Leduc camp by air-dropped supplies. They reported finding numerous pegmatite dykes along the Coast Range Batholith contact as well as abundant float containing chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, and galena along the river bottom. They staked their claims 3 to 5 miles easterly of the Alaska-British Columbia boundary on exposed quartz sulphide and disseminated sulphide mineralization occurring in northeasterly trending schists, slates, and porphyries. However, the claims were allowed to lapse. The mineralization was rediscovered in 1948, and was located in 1951 for Helicopter Exploration Co. Ltd. In 1953 Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited and the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company Limited joined in providing funds for the exploration of the deposit by Granduc Mines Limited. Exploration and development continued until March, 1958, when all operations ceased. Geological and geophysical surveys, supervised by G. W. H. Norman, were conducted through 1959, 1960, and 1961. Base camps were reestablished at the mine-site in 1961, when development work on the deposit was resumed. Underground workings at the mine presently include four main levels and one internal shaft. Recently published ore-reserve figures disclose a potential 32,500,000 tons grading 1.93 per cent copper. The mineralization has been outlined by diamond drilling and appears to occur as isolated and converging in echelon lenses or zones striking slightly east of north and dipping steeply west. Grossly, the ore zones are conformable within meta- sediments of the mine series. In more detail the zones are comprised of inter- banded massive ore minerals, disseminated ore minerals within banded country rock, and barren country rock. The main ore mineral is chalcopyrite with associated pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and minor arsenopyrite. The rocks in the mine area, the mine series, are commonly fine grained, finely laminated, and conspicuously layered and are generally marked by fine biotite. The series appears to consist mainly of mylonitized and variably recrystallized rocks, including thin-bedded limestones, argillites, and greywackes as well as sill-like feldspar porphyries. To the east these rocks are succeeded by a mixed volcanic- sediment sequence. West of the ore zones the rocks grade into thinly laminated greenish amphibole bearing metasediments. [References: Bacon, W. R., B.C. Dept. of Mines, Preliminary Map, Granduc Area, B.C., 1956; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1953-1963; Norman, G. W. H., Faults and Folds across Cordilleran Trends at the Headwaters of Leduc 20 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 River, Northern British Columbia, Geol. Soc. Amer., Buddington Volume, 1962, pp. 313-326.] Granduc mine at fork of the Leduc glacier. Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc (56° 130° N.E.) Company office, 700 Burrard Building, Kay (Canex Aerial Vancouver 5. L. Adie, in charge of exploration. An option Exploration Ltd.)* was acquired on the 36-claim Kay group from Western Resources Limited. These claims lie 3 miles east of Tom Mac- Kay Lake. Work was conducted during the period August 23rd to October 4th by 10 men under geologist W. D. Tompson. Gold, silver, lead, and zinc minerals occur in a bed of volcanic breccia. Vein widths are up to 12-13 feet. The mineralized area was tested by probing six underground diamond-drill holes (size AXK) for a total length of 737 feet. Drift walls were sampled. The temporary tent camp was serviced by helicopter. Supplies were delivered to camp from an airstrip on the Unuk River 15 miles south of camp, and from Tom MacKay Lake. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 10.) Zinc-Lead (56° 130° N.E.) Vancouver office, 744 West Hastings Ted, Ray (Newmont Street, Vancouver 1. J. Drybrough, president. A group of Mining Corpora- 52 recorded claims is located on the east side of Sulphurets tion of Canada Creek above its confluence with Mitchell Creek. Showings Limited)* consist of concentrations of sphalerite, galena, and sparse tetrahedrite in highly pyritized and silicified mica schist. Trenching and sampling were done between July 1st and 15th and September 1st and 15th by a crew of two men under the charge of S. W. Barclay. Transportation was by helicopter. The property was not visited. * By H. Bapty. LODE METALS 21 PORTLAND CANAL Salmon River (56° 130° S.E.) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 844 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. Silbak Premier A. E. Bryant, president. H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Mines Limited* Ltd., consulting engineers. In 1964 work was carried out by a crew of 12 men under the supervision of mine manager D. McLeod. This included regrading and resurfacing the road from No. 6 level portal to the glory-hole, and the completion of an ore and waste dump at the glory-hole. At No. 6 level, elevation 773 feet, a 75-tons-per-day cyanidation plant was constructed and put into operation in mid-September. Approximately 3,500 tons of ore was milled prior to the mill closure December 27th, when the ore stockpile was depleted. High-grade gold and silver ore, first discovered in the Portland Canal area in 1910, led to the subsequent underground development on the Cascade No. 8 claim in 1916. The mining of bonanza ore from the near surface Premier workings sparked a prolonged period of intensive mining interest in the region. The present holdings of Silbak Premier Mines Limited, which cover an area of about 5 square miles, are the result of the amalgamation of several adjoining properties. In 1936 Premier Gold Mining Company, Ltd., B.C. Silver Mines, Ltd., and Sebakwe and District Mines, Ltd., were consolidated to form Silbak Premier Mines Limited. In terms of comparative production, the Premier camp places second to the Sullivan mine in silver, and to the Bralorne mine in gold. It is also one of the important lead-zinc producers in British Columbia. In 1953 low base-metal prices forced Silbak Premier to close operations. After remaining idle for two years, development work was resumed in 1955 under the direction of Henry L. Hill & Associates. In 1956 the property was rehabilitated, but fire destroyed the mill and surface buildings at the No. 4 level portal after only a few months' operation. At this time, underground work was concentrated on the 790, 940, and 1060 levels. Low metal prices in 1957 again forced closure of the property except for geological studies. In 1959 Silbak Premier granted a one-year lease on the upper levels of the mine to Bermah Mines Ltd. The lessees mined the upper part of a small high-grade ore lens found on the south side of the abandoned glory-hole. This oreshoot was discovered after waste rock had sloughed from the pit wall and exposed silver-gold mineralization. At the termination of the one-year lease, Silbak Premier completed mining the lower part of the high-grade sulphide lens during parts of 1960, 1961, and 1962. Production from this one lens amounted to roughly 2,736 tons of ore containing 18,595 ounces of gold, 394,933 ounces of silver, 16,258 pounds of copper, 215,999 pounds of lead, and 322,118 pounds of zinc. Stimulated by this plum of bonanza ore, the company reviewed the potential of the property, but work at the mine was severely hampered when in November, 1961, the Salmon River section of the Stewart-Premier road was washed out by overflow of water from the Summit-Tide Lake area. The washed-out section of the road, entirely within Alaska, was largely rebuilt by Silbak Premier. In 1963 work was initiated on a loading-trestle and ore-bin at the open pit and on the excavation of a mill-site at No. 6 level portal. A new camp was also erected at No. 6 level. Loading facilities at the open pit were completed and a new mill constructed and put into operation in 1964 to handle broken ore reserves from the open pit. * By E. W. Grove. 22 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The occurrence and geological environment of the Silbak Premier ores have aroused considerable discussion since the initial discovery. Mine development and exploration in the entire Salmon River district have been largely guided by what has been understood of ore controls at Premier. The country rock at the property consists of schistose intercalated green to purple volcanic agglomerates, tuffs, and porphyries cut by several varieties of dyke rocks. In general, ore-grade mineralization appears to be concentrated at or near sheared contacts between fragmental volcanics and feldspar porphyries (Premier porphyry) along two major intersecting fracture zones. Locally these are termed the Northwest and Northeast fracture systems. To date, only two such intersecting zones—the Premier and the Northern Light areas—have yielded substantial commercial mineralization. In general it can be noted that the ore occurs as irregularly spaced sulphide-rich lenses within silicified-pyritized country rock. Lenses of ore-grade mineralization in the known zones extended from the surface downward over a vertical range of about 1,300 feet. The ore lenses consisted mainly of banded pyrite, galena, and sphalerite with minor chalcopyrite, enveloped in pyritic quartz gangue. Tetrahedrite, electrum, native silver, polybasite, argentite, and other silver-bearing minerals have been most abundant between surface and No. 3 level. During the various processes that have led to the formation of the Premier ore deposits, the Northwest and Northeast fracture systems have remained the locus of rock alteration, ore deposition, dyke emplacement, and late faulting. The relatively small size and scattered nature of the ore lenses complicate the search for hidden mineralization even within the known zones. Exploration targets in the mine area include sheared contacts between fragmental volcanic and porphyry, cut by northwest and northeast fractures which possibly are indicated by dykes. Published Silbak Premier ore reserves include about 20,000 tons of broken ore in the old glory-hole left from earlier operations, as well as 75,200 tons broken, measured, and indicated ore below No. 3 level averaging: Gold, 0.28 ounce per ton; silver, 2.8 ounces per ton; lead, 1.8 per cent; and zinc, 2.7 per cent. Ore reserves at and below No. 6 level consist mainly of lead-zinc mineralization estimated at 74,146 tons averaging: 4.25 per cent lead; 6.36 per cent zinc; with 0.07 ounce gold and 1.98 ounces silver. Total reserves as of 1961 were estimated at 169,346 tons. Bear River (55° 129° N.W.) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 800, 789 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. Dunwell (Silver Ardin Sovdi, president; A. C. Skerl, consulting geologist. Arrow Mines The company is registered holder of six Crown-granted min- Limited)* eral claims, all situated 4V_ miles north of Stewart on the Bear River and Glacier Creek. Access to the property is by a good road which joins the Stewart-Cassiar highway near the mouth of Glacier Creek. Work in 1964, which commenced in May and terminated in October, consisted of rehabilitating the Dunwell road, clearing trails, surface prospecting, and sampling. (See Annual Report, 1937, pp. 7-12.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 1500 Marine Building, 355 Burrard Street, Porter Idaho (Cassiar Vancouver 1. W. R. Wheeler, president; A. C. Skerl, con- Consolidated Mines suiting geologist. The property consists of 99 Crown-granted Limited)* claims south of Stewart. Work on the property commenced in August and continued until the end of November. An * By E. W. Grove. LODE METALS 23 underground programme of rehabilitating the winze to the " I" tunnel was undertaken by a crew of four men under the supervision of J. MacBeth. Access to the property was by helicopter. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, 1935, p. 135.] Bear River Pass Silver-Gold Goat (Noradco Mines Limited)* (56° 129° S.E.) Company office, Suite 8, 425 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. D. N. Cameron, manager. The property is located on the second west branch of Surprise Creek north of Bear River Pass and consists of 80 claims held by record. Access to the showings was by helicopter from a base camp on a new road constructed 3V_ miles north from the 33-mile point on the Stewart-Cassiar highway. Work on the property during 1964 consisted of surface prospecting, trenching, sampling, and drilling three diamond-drill holes totalling 408 feet. It was supervised by George Vooro. The property was originally located in 1960 for Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited and The Granby Mining Company Limited. The original Goat group was acquired under agreement by Noradco Mines in 1963, and during 1964 the holdings were increased to a total of 80 claims. The Goat group is on the crest of a knife-edged east-trending ridge 3 miles northeast of the Bear River Pass glacier and 7 miles west of Meziadin Lake. The showings are at present easily accessible only by helicopter. The ridge crest is sparsely covered by scrub balsam and minor talus, so that the mineralization is almost entirely visible. The main vein has been traced from about 4,370 to 4,600 feet elevation at the top of the steep ridge. The original showing consists of a narrow lenticular sulphide-carbonate vein trending northward and dipping from 35 to 80 degrees west, apparently controlled by a prominent fracture system. The vein has an average width of about 6 inches and consists of medium-grained thinly banded vuggy pyrite, dark-brown sphalerite, tetrahedrite, minor galena, and scheelite with a predominantly siderite gangue. The surface vein material is weathered brown to blue-black, and blends into the over-all rock coloration at a distance. Down dip the vein has been broken by a narrow north-trending nearly vertical shear zone, west of which the vein pinches out in massive green agglomerates. A second subparallel vein was found late in the 1964 field season near the ridge-top, 8 to 10 feet in the hangingwall side above the main mineralization. Channel sampling by Newmont Mining Corporation in August, 1962, indicated the following lengths and average values for the main vein:— South side of ridge: 133 feet long, 4.37 inches wide, 0.70 ounce gold, and 242.07 ounces silver per ton. North side of ridge: 100 feet long, 7.4 inches wide, 0.486 ounce gold, and 191.47 ounces silver per ton. The mineralization was resampled in August, 1964, by the present operators. The main mineralization is apparently confined to fractures at and near the contact between a thin sill-like lens of feldspar porphyry and the enclosing fragmental volcanics. The porphyry has been saussuritized, partly replaced by quartz- epidote along fractures, and subsequently irregularly replaced by siderite and sulphide vein material. Fine-grained arsenopyrite needles were noted disseminated through the carbonized porphyry but not in the main sulphide lenses. * By E. W. Grove. 24 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Exploration camp, Alice molybdenum property, Lime Creek. ALICE ARM Geology of the Lime Creek Area* Introduction This report deals with an area of about 15 square miles extending north and west of the Alice molybdenum deposit, which is on the southeast fork of Lime Creek approximately 5 miles south of Alice Arm. The map-area includes the contact of the Coast Intrusions with the older sedimentary and volcanic rocks on the west and Widdzech (Table) Mountain, a flat-lying volcanic formation of Tertiary age, on the east. The map-area extends from 1 mile south of the Alice deposit northwest to include the Tidewater molybdenum deposit on the north shore of Alice Arm. Alice Arm, a small village at the head of Alice Arm of Observatory Inlet, is 100 miles north of Prince Rupert. Transportation to Alice Arm is afforded by weekly steamship service from Prince Rupert and Vancouver and by aircraft from Prince Rupert or Terrace. Transportation within the map-area is difficult. No roads other than the Kit- sault River road exist, although trails in fair to good condition lead to the major mineral occurrence in the area. Prospecting within the map-area has been carried out since the early part of the century. The molybdenum deposit on Lime Creek was investigated as early as 1912, as were other occurrences of silver, lead, and zinc. A number of trails were constructed south from Alice Arm, but the majority of them are overgrown. Mining within the map-area has been confined to the Tidewater molybdenum property, with limited production between the years 1916 and 1931. Bodies of barren quartz at the Macy mine, near tidewater one-half mile west of Roundy Creek, * By N. C. Carter. LODE METALS 25 were mined for flux for the smelter at Anyox. Prospecting was done on numerous claim groups within the map-area in the 1920's, including the Keystone, Last Chance, Theda Bara and Bebe Daniels, Mohawk, Sunset, Verona, and Beverley groups. In most cases these occurrences consisted of quartz veins bearing values in lead, zinc, and silver and were localized in fractures in the sedimentary rocks. The topography is fairly rugged, with deeply incised canyons along Clary, Lime, and Roundy Creeks. Elevations range from sea-level to 3,800 feet in the southern part of the map-area. The dominant topographic feature is expressed by Widdzech (Table) Mountain, made up of flat-lying lava flows and bounded by steep cliffs, particularly along the western side. It extends in an easterly direction for l1/- miles, ranging in elevation from 2,750 to 3,300 feet. Creeks and tributary streams have steep gradients, with numerous waterfalls and box canyons. Heavy timber and thick underbrush from sea-level to 3,000 feet is the general rule for most of the area, making foot travel arduous. Above 3,000 feet, fairly roiling topography is found with numerous open meadows to tree-line at 4,000 feet. The topography in the southern part of the area, accentuated by the courses of the eastern and western branches of Lime Creek, reflects the major structural trend of north 60 degrees east. Large faults and fractures govern the direction of flow of many of the creeks, most notably Roundy Creek and the creek flowing northwest off Mohawk Mountain. The dominant directions of flow of Lime and Roundy Creeks are broken by the presence of small intrusive bodies. Climate is typical of that of the northern British Columbia coast, with cool summers and plentiful rainfall in June and July. Heavy winter snowfall in the Portland Canal region is general, with the snow usually gone from the 2,500-foot elevation in early June. Glacial deposits consisting of gravel and clay overlie most of the area, and as a result most good rock exposures are confined to Creek valleys and to higher elevations, such as Mohawk Mountain, Widdzech Mountain, and the southeast corner of the map-area. Due to the lack of good exposures in much of the area and the difficulty encountered in running pace and compass traverses through the dense forest growth, the majority of traverses were confined to the creeks, using air photographs and an altimeter for control. A base map at a scale of 1 inch to 1,000 feet and with a contour interval of 50 feet was made up from British Columbia Government air photographs and used for initial plotting. Mineral occurrences of current interest in the area include three molybdenum deposits, of which the Alice deposit on Lime Creek has undergone the most thorough investigation. The others include the Roundy Creek occurrence, VA miles from the mouth of Roundy Creek, and the Tidewater molybdenum deposit, situated on the north side of Alice Arm 1 mile from sea-level. The molybdenite mineralization on both Lime and Roundy Creeks is associated with small intrusive bodies of quartz monzonite porphyry of probable Tertiary age. Previous mining operations at the Tidewater property were carried out on fairly wide, irregular quartz veins in sedimentary and volcanic rocks immediately south of a small intrusive body of quartz monzonite porphyry. The oldest rocks, sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous age, underlie the greater part of the map-area. Intrusive into them are the Coast Intrusions, including granodiorites and quartz diorites and associated diorite dykes, and small granitoid bodies of Tertiary age. Cutting all rocks in the 26 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 area, with the exception of the flat-lying lava flows with which they may be related, are dykes and sills of lamprophyre and andesite. The flat-lying Tertiary lava flows of Widdzech Mountain overlie the sedimentary succession unconformably. Sedimentary and Volcanic Rocks These rocks, the oldest in the area, occur in two distinct assemblages—a sedimentary-volcanic one on the north side of Alice Arm, and a predominantly sedimentary one to the south. The southern sedimentary rocks comprise a monotonous succession of inter- bedded argillites, siltstones, microgreywackes, greywackes, pebble conglomerates, and minor chert. Medium-grained greywacke is the most common rock type, being a massive competent rock with little indication of original bedding. The greywackes are light to medium grey in colour and exhibit a poorly sorted clastic texture with subangular grains of quartz and feldspar in a finer-grained matrix of quartz, feldspar, and argillaceous material. Interbedded with the greywackes are dark- brown to black colour banded argilltes, siltstones, and microgreywackes. These often have good slaty cleavage, which is particularly evident on the south shore of Alice Arm. They are very fine grained and medium bedded with alternating light- grey, buff, brown, and purple banding. Microbanding, with alternating bands of fine- and coarse-grained material, is a common feature of these rocks, as is the presence of disseminated pyrite, which imparts a brown iron-stained weathered surface in most exposures. Pebble conglomerates occur in a number of localities, most notably on the northeast side of Mohawk Mountain. The rock consists of subrounded elongated pebbles of quartz and argillite, one-eighth by one-half inch in size, set in a fine-grained schistose matrix of angular quartz, feldspar, argillaceous material, and carbonate. Pebbles make up 60 per cent of the rock. Beds of banded chert were noted in only a few localities. The assemblage on the north side of Alice Arm differs from that on the south side by the presence of siliceous and tuffaceous volcanic rocks interbedded with the argillites and greywackes and by having a greater degree of crystallinity, particularly near the contact with the Coast Intrusions. The tuffs are light grey to black in colour and are typified by angular fragments of quartz ranging in size to 2 millimetres. A highly silicified crystal tuff occurs on the north shore of Alice Arm, near the mouth of Tidewater Creek. This is a leucocratic pink to white rock consisting of quartz, feldspar, and sericite with angular fragments of quartz and sodic feldspar. A schistose rock of similar type was noted just north of the old Tidewater workings. Coast Intrusions Granodiorites and quartz diorites of the Coast Intrusions occur along the western boundary of the map-area, and related quartz diorite porphyry dykes were noted as far as 4 miles away from the contact. The rocks are medium- to coarse-grained equigranular holocrystalline and are generally massive. A typical specimen is composed of 12 per cent quartz, commonly stained, 49 per cent plagioclase (An25) exhibiting normal zoning, 17 per cent potash feldspar including both orthoclase and perthitic microcline, and 17 per cent chloritized biotite and hornblende, with the remainder made up of muscovite and minor pyrite, epidote, apatite, and sphene. Biotite-rich xenoliths were noted locally in the granodiorites along the south shore of Alice Arm, as were scattered porphyroblasts of pink potash feldspar ranging in size to one-half inch. A paragneiss consisting of half-inch alternating light and LODE METALS 27 dark bands of quartzofeldspathic material and biotite was noted near the contact on the north shore of Alice Arm. The Coast Intrusions are commonly cut by 1-foot- wide andesite dykes. The contact between the intrusions and the sedimentary and volcanic rock is fairly sharp and is vertical, or nearly so, south of Alice Arm. Some flattening of the contact is evident to the north. A large inclusion of sedimentary rocks cut by andesite dykes was noted on the southern shore of Alice Arm a mile west of the contact. Quartz diorite porphyry dykes which cut the sedimentary and volcanic rocks on the north side of Alice Arm are up to 25 feet wide and are fine- to medium- grained light-grey to green rocks characterized by subhedral phenocrysts of plagio- clase (An40) 3 millimetres in size, set in a matrix of quartz, plagioclase, brown biotite, and laths of partially chloritized green hornblende. A hornblende diorite, exposed near the village of Alice Arm and consisting essentially of laths of brown hornblende and zoned plagioclase (An45), may be related to a phase of the Coast Intrusions. Quartz Monzonite Porphyry Three bodies of quartz monzonite porphyry are known in the map-area. That on Lime Creek occurs as a small stock, while the structural relationships of the Roundy Creek and Tidewater intrusive bodies are not completely known. Information obtained from drilling suggests that the Roundy Creek quartz monzonite porphyry may be a relatively thin body in part. Contacts with the country rocks are generally sharp at all three localities. The quartz monzonite porphyries at Roundy Creek and north of the Tidewater workings are markedly similar in appearance and composition. They are white to pink medium-grained leucocratic porphyries consisting essentially of 3- millimetre phenocrysts of euhedral quartz, plagioclase, and potash feldspar in a matrix of quartz, feldspar, and minor sericite. Mafic minerals are generally lacking, except for a border zone with a fair percentage of biotite in the western part of the Roundy Creek porphyry. The Lime Creek stock displays a wide variety of rock types exhibiting a fair degree of alteration. The classic stock outline is broken by the presence of a small appendage or extension on the east side of the main stock. The main stock is elliptical in outline and oriented with its long axis in a north-south direction. A central zone of quartz monzonite porphyry grades outward to a quartz diorite phase that forms the east and west rims of the stock and the eastern appendage. The quartz monzonite porphyry is a medium-grained leucocratic rock, and in the central part of the stock it is composed almost entirely of quartz and potash feldspar. Phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar are subhedral to anhedral in crystal outline, and argillic, sericitic, and potash feldspar alteration within the northern half of the stock has produced a rock type quite dissimilar to those in the Roundy Creek and Tidewater stocks. The quartz diorites are equigranular and differ from the quartz monzonite porphyries in having much less potash feldspar, a more calcic plagioclase, and a greater percentage of mafic minerals, including abundant secondary biotite. A common rock at Lime Creek and Roundy Creek but not seen at the Tidewater stock is a fine- to medium-grained leucocratic quartzofeldspathic rock having the composition of alaskite. It is intrusive into the porphyries and occurs in dykes and irregularly shaped bodies. 28 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Localized along the eastern and western borders and particularly the northern contact of the Lime Creek stock are fine-grained intrusive porphyries and breccias having the composition of granodiorites and quartz monzonites. A quartz-feldspar porphyry similar in texture and composition to the porphyries at Roundy Creek and Tidewater occurs at depth in a few drill-holes in the northern half of the Lime Creek stock. This rock may be later than the main quartz monzonite porphyry seen on surface or it may be a less altered phase at depth. The three quartz monzonite porphyry bodies are host to molybdenite mineralization in varying amounts. All are intruded by basic dykes which follow late tension fractures. Dykes and Sills Basic dykes and sills are common throughout the area and intrude all rocks, with the exception of the flat-lying Tertiary lava flows. They range from a few feet to 25 feet in width and are of varying compositions. They consist essentially of lamprophyres, andesites, and diorites. Lamprophyre dykes and sills occur mainly in the vicinity of the Lime Creek stock, where they are found cutting both the sediments and porphyries. They occur in swarms near the eastern contact of the stock. The lamprophyres are fine- to medium-grained dark-green rocks consisting of euhedral grains of clinopyroxene and plagioclase (An46-50), which make up 20 and 60 per cent of the rock respectively. Minor hornblende is present, and amygdaloidal varieties feature calcite rimmed by chlorite. Minor amounts of green chlorite, brown biotite, and accessory magnetite, epidote, and sphene are also present. Sharp, chilled contacts are a common feature of these rocks. Fine-grained green chloritized dyke rocks were noted to the north and west of the Lime Creek stock, particularly along Roundy Creek and the shoreline. These rocks have the composition and texture of andesites and consist of 57 per cent sericitized plagioclase and 20 per cent euhedral grains of poikilitic brown hornblende partially altered to green fibrous chlorite; the remainder includes abundant disseminated magnetite and minor olivine and calcite. Directly north of the Lime Creek stock, the same rock type occurs in dykes 2 to 4 feet wide and is composed essentially of sericitized plagioclase and chlorite. Diorite dykes and sills similar in composition to the andesitic types but coarser grained occur in swarms in the old Tidewater molybdenum workings, where they follow zones of weakness adjacent to and between large molybdenite-bearing quartz veins. The diorites have chilled contacts and are equigranular to porphyritic, with phenocrysts of subhedral plagioclase (An50) making up 55 per cent of the rock. The remainder of the rock consists of hornblende and pyroxene largely altered to chlorite, secondary brown biotite, and accessory magnetite, epidote, and sphene. Carbonate alteration of the diorites is extreme. Some of the basic dykes, particularly the lamprophyres in and near the Lime Creek stock, may have acted as feeders for the flat-lying lava flows immediately to the northeast. Lava Flows Lava flows of Tertiary age cap Widdzech (Table) Mountain, which is the most westerly of four flat-lying remnants that extend 51/- miles in an easterly direction south of the Illiance River. The flows occur in horizontal beds up to 50 feet thick, as shown in terraces along the northern contact. Columnar jointing is a dominant feature on the western cliff face of the mountain. The rock is dense, LODE METALS 29 fine grained, and dark green in colour with local amygdaloidal and porphyritic phases. It has a basaltic composition and consists essentially of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene with occasional amygdules of iron rich olivine. The porphyritic phase is characterized by phenocrysts of normally zoned plagioclase to 4 millimetres, which make up 25 per cent of the rock. Large erratics of volcanic agglomerate, measuring 15 feet in diameter, were noted midway along the northern side of the mountain. These rocks are made up of 2- to 5-inch bombs in a scoriaceous matrix. The rounded bombs have the same composition as the basaltic lava flows. The basaltic lava flows overlie the sedimentary succession unconformably and appear to be the youngest rocks in the area. Pleistocene and Recent Clay and gravel cover most of the area. Gravel terraces were noted at an elevation of 300 feet near the mouth of Lime Creek. Sand and gravel deltas are found at the mouths of the larger creeks, and a large tidal flat at the head of Alice Arm is composed of silt deposited by the Kitsault and Illiance Rivers. Glacial stria? parallel the shoreline of Alice Arm. Metamorphism Sedimentary and volcanic rocks have been subjected to low-grade regional metamorphism of the greenschist facies caused by intrusive activity associated with the Coast granitic complex. More important within the boundaries of the map- area are zones of contact metamorphism surrounding the quartz monzonite porphyries and the Coast Intrusions. A well-developed biotite zone of metamorphism exists around the Lime Creek stock, extending outward a distance of 1,000 to 4,000 feet to a biotite line or isograd where the first appearance of secondary biotite was noted in the sedimentary rocks. The biotite content increases with proximity to the stock, with a biotite-hornfels zone roughly 500 feet in width rimming the stock. Biotite zones surrounding the intrusive bodies at Roundy Creek and Tidewater Creek have been superimposed on the metamorphic effects developed in the sedimentary and volcanic rocks by the Coast Intrusions. Both these intrusive bodies are rimmed by a biotite-hornfels zone similar to that at Lime Creek. On the south side of Alice Arm, a biotite line appears at a distance of 2,000 to 8,000 feet away from the contact between the Coast Intrusives and the sedimentary sequence. This variation in distance between the biotite isograd and the contact is probably due to the intrusion of the Roundy Creek stock. On the north side of Alice Arm, the biotite line appears almost 3 miles east of the contact and suggests a shallow dipping contact between the Coast granodiorites and the sedimentary-volcanic sequence in this area. An anomalous zone of secondary biotite occurs on the top of Mohawk Mountain between the biotite lines of the Lime Creek stock and the Coast granitic rocks. Structure The dominant structural trend in the area south of Alice Arm is northeast, as expressed by the topography and drainage pattern. In the extreme northern part of the map-area, the sedimentary rocks strike roughly north 60 degrees east with moderate to steep dips to the northwest. In the vicinity of the Lime Creek stock 30 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 and to the northwest, fairly tight folding was noted, with distance between folds in the range of 500 to 1,000 feet. The northeasterly sedimentary trend is contorted locally, particularly near the granitic contact along Roundy Creek and the western slope of Mohawk Mountain. Close to this contact the strike is northwest, with steep dips to the south. The contortion appears to lessen in an easterly direction. The sedimentary-volcanic rocks on the north side of Alice Arm exhibit a somewhat different trend, striking in a northerly direction roughly parallel to the granitic contact. This may represent cross-folding of an easterly trend, which is evident to some degree along the northern shore of Alice Arm. The main direction of jointing is northeasterly, with a complementary northwest set. Many of these joints are filled with quartz and carbonate and are closely spaced, often obscuring any trace of bedding. Slaty cleavage, not uncommon in the argillites, appears to bear little relation to major structure. Major faults and shear zones are common throughout the area, as indicated by the alignment of topographic features and displacements of rock contacts. Many of these trend northeastward, signifying movement along major joint sets. A fault along Roundy Creek has displaced both the contact of the Coast Intrusions and the quartz monzonite porphyry stock. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1916, pp. K57-K82; Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1922, Pt. A, pp. 35a-50a; Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1928, Pt. A, pp. 27a-49a; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, 1935.] Molybdenum (55° 129° S.E.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Alice (British Street, Vancouver 5. C. H. Burgess, president. This prop- Columbia Molyb- erty, consisting of 72 full and fractional recorded claims, is denum Ltd.)* situated on the southeast fork of Lime Creek approximately 5 miles south of Alice Arm. A pack-trail in fair condition leads to the property from the site of Silver City, just east of the mouth of Lime Creek. Since 1959, 43,152 feet of diamond drilling, including an initial 1,021 feet of packsack drilling, has been carried out. In addition, some 300 lineal feet of open cutting and trenching has been done. Records of earlier work are contained in Annual Reports dating back to 1916. The property has been known variously as the Cariboo group and the Lynx group. Small adits were driven on the molybdenite showings and along small quartz veins bearing values in lead and zinc immediately east of the zone of molybdenite mineralization. All have since caved. Molybdenite mineralization is associated with a small elliptical stock of quartz monzonite-quartz diorite composition. A feature of the stock is the presence of an eastern appendage or extension which is connected to the main stock at the midpoint of the eastern side. The stock, of Tertiary age, intrudes Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous argillites and greywackes which have been contact metamorphosed to biotite hornfels bordering the stock. The main part of the stock, elongated in a north-south direction, measures 2,000 by 2,800 feet, while the eastern appendage measures 1,000 by 1,500 feet. The stock is bisected by the southeast fork of Lime Creek, flowing in a westerly direction. Elevations in the stock area range from 1,730 feet in Lime Creek to * By N. C. Carter. LODE METALS 31 2,250 feet along the northern and southern contact areas. Extensive swamp cover obscures bedrock in the northern half of the stock while some rocky ridges are present in the southern half. Good exposures are confined to small creek valleys and to the southeast fork of Lime Creek, which affords a good cross-section of the stock. An annular zone of molybdenite mineralization is situated around the borders of the northern half of the stock, with finely disseminated molybdenite contained in small quartz veins arranged in a stockwork pattern. This quartz-vein stockwork is also present inside the mineralized zone, with sporadic amounts of molybdenite grading inward from the ring-like ore zone to a central barren zone some 800 feet in diameter. A base map at a scale of 100 feet to the inch was furnished by the company. The following account of the geology is based on a study of surface exposures and examination of drill core at the property. General Geology The stock is made up of granitoid rocks of several types and ages, with a central zone of quartz monzonite porphyry grading to a quartz diorite on the western and southeastern sides. These rocks appear to have formed contemporaneously and exhibit varying degrees of alteration. They are cut by later dykes and irregular bodies. Three types of quartz monzonite porphyry exist within the stock: a relatively unaltered type confined to the southern half of the stock, the host rock in the ringlike mineralized zone, and a quartz monzonite porphyry making up the barren zone within the mineralized zone. The three types are distinguished by degree of alteration. The quartz monzonite porphyry of the southern part of the stock is a relatively unaltered medium-grained leucocratic rock, with euhedral to subhedral 4-millimetre phenocrysts of normally zoned plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine) and poikilitic potash feldspar making up a fair percentage of the rock volume. The original mafic minerals, including hornblende and biotite, have been largely altered to chlorite, and the feldspars exhibit slight sericite alteration. This rock is not unlike the quartz diorites of the southwestern part of the stock in that it is characterized by ragged plates of secondary brown biotite and contains a fair amount of disseminated pyrite that imparts a brown iron stain to weathered surfaces. The grey to pink quartz monzonite porphyry in the zone of molybdenite mineralization is characterized by a high degree of potash feldspar metasomatism which has produced rounded porphyroblasts of potash feldspar in the rock matrix and along the margins of numerous small mineralized quartz veins arranged in a stock- work pattern. The potash feldspar, generally orthoclase, replaces plagioclase, and perthitic and graphic intergrowths are common. Sericite, clay minerals, and carbonate are common alteration products of normally zoned plagioclase which occurs both in the matrix and in the form of subhedral phenocrysts up to 4 millimetres in size. Mafic minerals include primary biotite largely altered to green fibrous chlorite and secondary brown biotite. Disseminated pyrite occurs both in the rock matrix and within the quartz veins. The quartz monzonite occupying that part of the stock within the annular mineralized zone is a medium- to coarse-grained pink leucocratic quartzose rock, porphyritic near the mineralized zone and equigranular in the central barren zone. Here the rock has undergone the greatest degree of alteration and consists of 60 per cent quartz and 40 per cent potash feldspar, with traces of sericite and 32 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 pyrite. Potash feldspar metasomatism has been extreme, the areas between the numerous quartz veins in a stockwork pattern being made up almost entirely of potash feldspar. Toward the mineralized zone the rock becomes porphyritic with a lessening of potash feldspar content and contains 3- to 4-millimetre anhedral phenocrysts of potash feldspar and normally zoned plagioclase exhibiting a high degree of sericitic and argillic alteration. Secondary biotite is common, and the quartz veins contain a fair amount of carbonate. The quartz diorites on the western and eastern sides of the stock are grada- tional through granodiorite to quartz monzonite porphyry with the addition of potash feldspar, an increase in sodic content of the plagioclase, and a lessening in the amount of primary mafic minerals, including hornblende and biotite partly altered to chlorite. The quartz diorites are medium-grained white to grey massive rocks with sparse phenocrysts of plagioclase to 5 millimetres. Potash feldspar metasomatism in these rocks is found generally along quartz veins within the mineralized zones, with only occasional grains of pink feldspar in the matrix. Disseminated pyrite and abundant secondary biotite are common in the quartz diorites. Irregular lenses and dykes of quartz diorite occur in the hornfelsed sedimentary rocks around the eastern contact area. The quartz diorite of the southeastern part of the main stock, and the eastern extension, differs from that along the western side by a darker grey colour, a greater percentage of primary mafic minerals, and a more calcic plagioclase. Porphyritic phases are not uncommon along the southern contact of the eastern extension, with phenocrysts of normally zoned plagioclase making up 25 per cent of the rock. Ragged laths of hornblende partly altered to chlorite are common in the eastern quartz diorite, and there is sericite and clay mineral alteration of feldspar. The quartz diorite along the western boundary has a fresher more leucocratic appearance and is coarser grained in part than that on the eastern side. Secondary reddish brown biotite is the dominant mafic mineral, and alteration of feldspar is slight. Intrusive into both the quartz monzonite porphyries and the quartz diorites, and apparently confined to the northern half of the stock, are irregular lenses and dykes of a fine-grained quartz monzonite-granodiorite porphyry. These intrusions occur along the margins of the stock, particularly along the northern contact, and are characterized by distinct euhedral phenocrysts of sericitized plagioclase 2 millimetres in size. Approaching the northern contact, the rock grades through a type with protoclastic texture to an intrusive breccia containing sharply angular blocks of hornfels ranging in size to 5 inches in a granulated matrix. Inclusions of the main quartz monzonite porphyry to 1 foot in size were also noted along the northern contact. These porphyries and breccias are light grey to green in colour and have sharp contacts with the rocks they intrude. Outcrops of this type are poor, and most information concerning their position has been obtained from drill core. A few small exposures exist along the northern contact where the intrusive breccia occurs as small parallel dykes intruding both the quartz monzonite porphyry and hornfels. In thin-section, phenocrysts of subrounded crackled quartz and feldspar constitute 20 to 40 per cent of the rock. Bent albite twin lamellae and curved biotite plates indicate a granulated texture, as does the very fine-grained crushed matrix of quartz and feldspar largely replaced by carbonate. Occurring as dykes and irregular bodies intrusive into all of the above-mentioned rock types is a fine- to medium-grained holocrystalline white to pink rock with the composition of alaskite. The alaskites consist almost entirely of anhedral quartz and potash feldspar, including both orthoclase and microcline with perthitic and graphic intergrowths. The alaskite most commonly occurs near the contact LODE METALS 33 areas of the stock, particularly near the eastern margins, where inclusions of quartz diorite to 5 feet in size were noted. It intrudes both hornfels and quartz diorite near the northwestern contact. The rock is characterized by numerous one-eighth to one-quarter inch quartz veins arranged in a stockwork pattern and has a brownish colour on weathered surfaces due to the presence of abundant disseminated pyrite. A quartz feldspar porphyry is situated below the 1,600-foot level in the northern half of the stock, beneath the barren central zone and beneath the northeast part of the stock. This rock type, having the composition of a quartz monzonite, was encountered in only a few drill-holes, and age relationships are obscure. It may in part be post-mineralization in age, although some parts are mineralized slightly. A relatively unaltered phase of the quartz feldspar porphyry occurs in the northeastern part of the stock, with distinct euhedral phenocrysts of quartz and plagioclase feldspar making up 50 per cent of the rock. Plates of brown biotite are only partly chloritized, and feldspars show only minor sericite alteration. To the southwest, underlying the central part of the stock, the quartz feldspar porphyry contains more potash feldspar and exhibits a greater degree of sericite and clay mineral alteration but generally maintains distinct euhedral phenocrysts, including plagioclase, potash feldspar, and quartz. The rock is more quartzose and leucocratic than that occurring under the northeast part of the stock and has finely disseminated biotite. Cutting all rocks in the stock, including the quartz feldspar porphyry, are lamprophyre dykes varying in width from 2 to 30 feet. These fine- to medium- grained dark-green rocks consist essentially of euhedral calcic plagioclase and clino- pyroxene commonly altered to hornblende and chlorite. Amygdaloidal varieties feature calcite rimmed by chlorite. The lamprophyres have sharp, chilled contacts and occur in swarms near the eastern contact, where they have a northeasterly trend, following major joint directions. They are later than the period of mineralization, as mineralized quartz veins end abruptly at the lamprophyre contacts. Argillites and greywackes of the sedimentary sequence adjacent to the stock have been thermally metamorphosed to hornfelses forming a roughly circular zone 200 to 500 feet in width. Two types of hornfels exist—a quartz-biotite-chlorite hornfels occupying the outer parts of the zone and an inner quartz-muscovite hornfels immediately adjacent to the stock. The quartz-biotite-chlorite hornfels derived from greywacke is a brown granoblastic to porphyroblastic rock with 1-millimetre quartz porphyroblasts in a very fine-grained quartz-feldspar-biotite matrix. That derived from argillites is distinguished by having a greater amount of biotite and a crude brown and green colour banding. The quartz-muscovite hornfels, occurring in various places along the stock contact, is a buff-coloured siliceous rock consisting almost entirely of quartz and sodic feldspar with minor muscovite, chlorite, and pyrite. The hornfelsed sediments are massive competent rocks grading outward to the original sedimentary types. They contain numerous quartz-carbonate hairline fractures, many of which are mineralized adjacent to the stock contacts. In addition, the quartz-vein stockwork pattern, so common along the margins of the stock, partially extends into the hornfelsed rocks. Contacts with the stock porphyries are sharp, with a few inclusions of hornfels within the porphyries. Metamorphism and Alteration Contact metamorphic processes involving the addition of quartz and the formation of secondary biotite have converted the sedimentary rocks adjacent to the 34 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 stock to a biotite hornfels. The biotite content is greatest in a zone extending 200 to 500 feet outward from the stock where the hornfelsed rocks grade into the characteristic argillites and greywackes of the area. Minor amounts of secondary biotite are present within the sedimentary rocks in a zone 1,000 to 4,000 feet outward from the stock. There are several types of alteration of the granitoid rocks. Much of the alteration is due to hydrothermal activity associated with the period of mineralization, and as such is confined to the northern half of the stock, both within the zone of molybdenite mineralization and the central barren zone. An exception is the widespread occurrence of unaltered, secondary biotite, present in all the granitoid rocks. Chlorite alteration of original mafic minerals may be earlier than the main period of hydrothermal alteration. Potash feldspar metasomatism is found rimming both mineralized and non- mineralized quartz veins a distance of 2 inches outward from the veins, and large grains of pink orthoclase to 5 millimetres in size replace plagioclase in the rock matrix. Potash feldspar metasomatism in the central barren zone of the northern half of the stock has been so great as to obliterate all traces of the original rock, converting it to an equigranular type composed essentially of quartz and pink orthoclase. Argillic and sericitic alteration of plagioclase feldspar is widespread throughout the northern half of the stock in and near the mineralized zone. Large sections of a soft, grey, friable rock made up almost entirely of sericite and clay minerals are common adjacent to shear zones which contain abundant chlorite on slip surfaces. Carbonate alteration is characterized by extensive leached zones with vuggy surfaces, and is widespread in the fine-grained porphyries. Minor silicification has taken place adjacent to quartz veins, in some cases extending outward a fraction of an inch from the veins. Structure The attitudes of the contact are fairly well known for the northern half of the stock. The western contact is nearly vertical, and the eastern contact, with local variations, dips at an angle of 75 degrees to the east. The northern contact dips between 65 and 82 degrees to the north. Attitudes of the southern stock contact and of the eastern extension of the stock are imperfectly known. The easternmost contact of the eastern extension dips steeply to the northeast. Rocks within and outside the stock are transected by numerous joints. A major joint set strikes northeast and is vertical or dips steeply to the northwest. A complementary vertical set trends northwest. Numerous large shear zones were noted along the southeast fork of Lime Creek, where they have the same trends as the joint pattern. In addition, numerous gouge zones are present in much of the drill core, particularly in that from the northeast part of the stock where the contact has been offset by numerous shears and thrust faults. A major shear zone which offsets the stock contact by 50 feet on surface in this area is probably an extension of major shear zones along Lime Creek. Some of these shears may be pre-mineralization in age, but slickensiding on lenses of molybdenite contained in many of the gouge zones indicates later movement along them. Country rocks west of the stock show a change in structural trend effected by the intrusion of the stock. Away from the western contact, the rocks show the regional northeast structural trend. Approaching the contact, strikes change to LODE METALS 35 nearly due north with vertical dips, conforming to the contact. This feature is not apparent along the eastern contact of the stock. Lamprophyre dykes fill late northeasterly tension fractures. Mineralization The zone of molybdenite mineralization is a ring structure, elliptical in outline and elongated in an east-west direction, and is confined to the northern half of the stock. It measures 2,850 by 1,850 feet and is between 100 and 600 feet wide. The outer boundaries of the mineralized zone conform roughly to the north, east, and west contacts of the stock both on surface and at depth, while the southern extremity of the zone cuts across the stock at its mid-point and dips steeply to the north. The molybdenite content fades out toward the centre of the zone, with a central barren zone containing little or no molybdenite. Within the mineralized zone, higher-grade shoots of molybdenite mineralization occur. Molybdenite mineralization occurs in small quartz veins arranged in a closely spaced stockwork pattern with one vein per half inch. The individual veins generally are not more than one-half inch wide and commonly are one-eighth to one- quarter inch wide. Molybdenite occurs along the boundaries of the quartz veins and to a lesser extent is finely disseminated within the veins. Mineralized veins one-half inch or larger exhibit a banded appearance, with molybdenite filling hairline fractures parallel to the vein walls. The largest molybdenite-bearing quartz vein noted was 1 foot wide and showed good banding. Hairline fractures in hornfels and alaskites within the mineralized zone consist almost entirely of molybdenite. Molybdenite is found to a lesser degree coating slip planes representing movement along pre-existing fractures. Molybdenite disseminated within rock matrixes is found only in the alaskites, and in these some rosettes of molybdenite one-quarter inch in size are found. The quartz veins are closely spaced and randomly oriented in a stockwork pattern, but as a general rule molybdenite-bearing quartz veins strike north 15 degrees east with steep westerly dips. A second stage of molybdenite-bearing quartz veins, apparently not as numerous as the first stage, strike north 50 degrees east. Initial molybdenite-bearing quartz veins are cut by white milky quartz veins up to 3 feet wide and striking north 70 degrees west with vertical dips. These later veins are barren of molybdenite but contain minor amounts of pyrite, galena, sphalerite, cosalite, and scheelite with some fluorite. Minor chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, and gypsum were also noted in these veins, and carbonate-filled fractures are common. Disseminated pyrite, some of which may be contemporaneous with the initial stage of molybdenite mineralization, is widespread in the quartz veins and rock matrixes both within and outside the ring zone of molybdenite mineralization. Disseminated pyrite is contained in all the rocks making up the stock and to a lesser extent is found within the biotite hornfels zone. Controls for the localization of molybdenite mineralization are obscure. The quartz-vein stockwork is found throughout the northern half of the stock and in adjacent hornfelses, although molybdenite mineralization decreases sharply inward from the ring zone. Along the outer margins of the mineralized ring, the quartz veins decrease in number and assume a sub-parallel arrangement. The stock contact undoubtedly acted as a locus for intense fracturing in both the hornfels and the margins of the stock during its emplacement. In addition, the hornfelsed zone may have acted as a trap for the mineralizing solutions. The southern limit of the 36 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 mineralized zone which crosses the middle of the stock may be due to a pressure- temperature effect outward from a central source, in this case the central barren zone of extreme hydrothermal alteration. Higher grades of molybdenite mineralization occur in areas of intense fracturing and faulting, particularly in the northeast corner of the stock where a major fault has offset the stock contact and numerous smaller faults offset the stock contact at depth. Higher-grade oreshoots with unknown orientation are numerous in this zone. Alaskites appear to be the most favourable host rock, commonly containing much molybdenite both in numerous veins and hairline fractures and as disseminations in the matrix. Near the southern contact of the eastern quartz diorite extension a small adit was driven years ago on a 10-inch-wide quartz vein containing galena, sphalerite, and pyrite. A sample taken across the vein assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 3.0 ounces per ton; copper, 0.03 per cent; lead, 1.34 per cent; zinc, 1.2 per cent; molybdenum, 0.01 per cent. Three chip samples were taken within the ore zone with the results tabulated below:— Sample No. Location Lead Zinc MoS2 Tungsten Bismuth West part of zone near creek.. Northeast part of zone. Southeast part of zone Per Cent 0.02 Trace Trace Per Cent Per Cent 0.21 0.36 0.19 Per Cent Trace Per Cent Trace [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1916, p. K66; 1959, p. 10; 1960, p. 10; 1961, p. 10; 1963, p. 12; Hanson, G., 1923, Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., Pt. A, p. 48a; Hanson, G., 1935, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, p. 71.] (55° 129° S.E.) This group of 40 full and fractional re- Roundy Creek* corded claims is owned by Gunn Fiva, of Alice Arm. In 1960 the property was under option to Southwest Potash Corporation, during which time geological mapping and 2,500 feet of drilling were carried out. The claim group, extending both east and west of Roundy Creek, includes a small stock-like body of quartz monzonite porphyry located on the creek 1 Vk miles from tidewater. Molybdenite mineralization occurs in a poorly developed stock- work of quartz veins and as disseminations in alaskite-type rocks. A small lens of alaskite with high-grade molybdenite mineralization occurs in the western part of the porphyry body. The quartz monzonite porphyry intrudes westerly dipping argillaceous sedimentary rocks, and while the greater part of the body is stock-like in form, it is a relatively thin lens in part. Roundy Creek follows the trace of a major north- trending fault zone which offsets the granitic contact near the head of the creek (see Fig. 3). This same fault zone has separated the porphyry body into eastern and western parts with an intervening wedge of hornfelsed sedimentary rocks. The eastern part is roughly circular and measures 800 feet in diameter, while the western part measures 1,800 by 800 feet in a westerly direction. The quartz monzonite porphyry is a medium-grained pink to white leucocratic rock with 3-millimetre phenocrysts of glassy quartz, euhedral plagioclase, and potash * By N. C. Carter. LODE METALS 37 —"^ N \ ./AAA ( / / \ \ if V ° i x i V x \ j3^v \ \ x\ \ / / o ~0° \ \ \ \ X i k\ ( # N° \\ A ^A ^^$M&L Y^f^f-? « / ? A ^^\/M H / / \ l>^*&&&&%!>r\ \# Xi ^\ / 80^ \ \ 'a Ov46\b \ ) _ x Jt- a \ \ <?-, \ 5 \ l \ o \ f \ \ \ \ \ i °" \ \ \ \ z \ / \ ^\ A \50_-4A W. _ft \ \ I o \ / V \ ^ ) v^ s.*\>w\ \ \ \ -fc \ 1 \ x \ / / \ *T \ \ \ \ w ^^ y-75 ^\ \ j \\\20 / \ \ a\ X. / \ \ <£ A ^A / . ] g _ \_N4 V L a < * T-r^ 7 ■' 1 t- MT' -l ^—v. 84 wy V V \ ■ * ?^a a/K ^\ V.78 \* J / \ \/ \V^KA\ x . J T-^ 1 V—- \ \ --AX A V / °\ \ ^—-^ \\ \ 1 N^U^ I r r>. \ \ \A \. \ A X \ \ - * A_ / ^3000\ \ ^\. N. \ j X\ X \ t>^ A M/ ^\ N. ^\ ^s \ t"/v\ \ \ l\ 3ZJ \ 1 \ X X \ \ V f ^ \ \ \ 7 \_—V—)\ 1 V X < \\\ / HI 6Z v \ f- \,\ \ / NY LEGEND \ \ V-x T\\ \ iy kes porphyry \^ \ / ^Vx 50\\ ) \ /^\ \ J / | f | Andesite, diorite ( _^Alaskite IX-XI Quartz monzonite rr ;ji Coast intrusions: granodiorite x \\ r 2y ^ quartz diorite _| Hornfelsed argillite, greywacke "\ V\\ \ J i —*~~~ Attitude of bedding V\\\ic/ \ t V\ ^¥ 60/ \ N^ \Y8o-C ""*"" Joints S—-" Geologic contact.observed,inferred <££f£S Fault, observed, inferred \ ^x X X ,Xc\i\ v \ \ x^^ \ t\ ^ai ^ r. , 500 0 500 1000,. , \ \ \ <6_ \ \ \ i a \ \ \ \> \ X X X\" \ A ^ W Figure 3. Geology of Roundy Creek stock and vicinity. 38 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 feldspar making up half the rock. Muscovite in minor amounts is the dominant mafic mineral with only minor chlorite and biotite. A zone relatively rich in biotite and crudely foliated in part occurs near the western boundary of the western body. Disseminated pyrite is common in these rocks, and 1-inch pyrite-rich xenoliths were noted in the eastern body along the creek. Moderate argillic and sericitic alteration of feldspar is the rule; however, clay, sericite, and chlorite alteration of the porphyry in large gouge zones was noted in the drill core. The quartz monzonite porphyry resembles the quartz-feldspar porphyry encountered at depth in the Lime Creek stock. Intruded as dykes and irregular bodies in the quartz monzonite porphyry is an alaskite similar to the type present in the Lime Creek stock. It is localized near the boundaries of the stock and is particularly extensive in the southern part of the eastern porphyry mass. The rock is fine to medium grained and consists almost entirely of quartz and potash feldspar exhibiting micrographic intergrowths. Minor amounts of myrmekite and sericite are also present. The rock is cut by numerous one-sixteenth to one-quarter inch quartz veins and hairline fractures commonly bearing molybdenite. Later than both the quartz monzonite porphyry and the alaskites are several varieties of basic dykes trending northeastward with vertical to steep westerly dips. The dykes are commonly less than 10 feet in width and include andesites, diorites, and lamprophyres. Dykes of andesitic composition occur in swarms in the eastern part, while a large diorite dyke was noted in drill core from the western part of the stock. Sedimentary rocks have been contact metamorphosed to hornfels in a zone roughly 200 feet wide surrounding the stock. The most common type is a colour banded light to dark brown to green biotite-rich rock exhibiting a characteristic granoblastic texture. Reddish-brown biotite, minor muscovite, and chlorite impart a foliation to the rock parallel to original bedding. In general, the rock consists of 65 per cent quartz and minor feldspar, the remainder being biotite, muscovite, chlorite, and disseminated pyrite. A green phyllitic hornfelsed rock occupying the area between the eastern and western portions of the stock consists of alternating bands of biotite and quartz and very fine-grained black argillaceous material with distinct 1-millimetre porphyroblasts of muscovite and biotite. Structural relationships of the intrusion are imperfectly known. Drilling evidence indicates nearly vertical contacts along the northern and southern boundaries of the stock. A vertical hole drilled near the mid-point of the eastern part encountered hornsfelsed sediments at a depth of 300 feet, suggesting that the eastern part may be a relatively thin body dipping eastward. A zone of hornfels, 200 feet long and located near the eastern edge of the western part of the stock, may be a window in the porphyry, supporting the view that the " stock " is a relatively thin lens in the eastern part. loint sets within the porphyry trend north 40 degrees east and north 20 degrees west and are vertical or nearly so. The eastern part of the stock contains more widespread molybdenite mineralization than the western part, occurring in one-eighth to one-quarter inch quartz veins in a poorly developed stockwork pattern in the quartz monzonite porphyry and in hairline fractures and as disseminations in the alaskite. A selected chip sample of mineralized alaskite assayed 0.32 per cent MoS2, while two similar samples from the quartz monzonite porphyry assayed 0.12 and 1.18 per cent MoS2. The western part of the stock is nearly barren of molybdenite mineralization, with the exception of an isolated lens of alaskite with relatively high values in molybdenite. This zone is exposed in the northeasterly flowing tributary to Roundy Creek LODE METALS 39 at an elevation of 1,100 feet. The well-mineralized lens is 60 feet in length along the creek and 25 feet wide with an exposed thickness of 20 feet. Large northeast- trending fractures bound the zone on the east and west. A drill-hole driven under the zone indicates that it is shallow and flat lying. Mineralization averaging 6 per cent MoS2 occurs as irregular blebs and patches and in closely spaced parallel one- quarter inch quartz veins giving a banded appearance to the rock. The individual veins, composed of 40 per cent quartz and 60 per cent molybdenite, have sharp boundaries with the intervening alaskite. More massive mineralized zones exhibit a replacement texture, with molybdenite-quartz lenses replacing medium-grained alaskite along fractures. That part of the quartz-monzonite porphyry that surrounds the alaskite lens has a fairly well-developed quartz vein stockwork, but the veins are barren of molybdenite. (55° 129° S.W.) This group, consisting of 2 Crown- Tidewater* granted claims and 89 claims held by record, is owned by Morris Black, of Vancouver. Under an agreement, Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. carried out exploratory work on the property during 1964. The claim group includes the old Tidewater workings, from which 13,022 pounds of molybdenite was recovered from sporadic production between the years 1916 and 1931. A trail in fair condition leads from the beach to the old workings at an elevation of 1,000 feet. Original mining was carried out in 1916, during which time 383 tons having an average grade of 1.60 per cent MoS2 was shipped to Renfrew, Ont. The property lay dormant until 1930, when the Dalhousie Mining Co. Ltd. undertook mining operations in two adits. Work stopped the following year, when a sample of 2,700 pounds was shipped to the Department of Mines Ore Dressing and Metallurgical Laboratories in Ottawa. During the operations an aerial tramway connected the mine workings with a 100-ton flotation plant on the beach. Two adits, at elevations of 1,015 and 1,121 feet and still in fair condition, follow northeasterly trending quartz veins with varying amounts of molybdenite mineralization. Extensions of these veins can be traced for a distance northward in the creek in the direction of a small stock of quartz monzonite porphyry located 900 feet north of the underground workings. The quartz veins, up to 15 feet wide, are well exposed in the two adits. They follow northeasterly trending shears and fractures having a steep northwesterly dip, which occur in a northeasterly trending succession of interbedded brown to black to green argillites, greywackes, and fine-grained siliceous crystal tuffs. The sedimentary-volcanic rocks are intruded by quartz diorite porphyry dykes probably related to a phase of the Coast Intrusions. Intruded along the same zones of weakness as the quartz veins are fine- to medium-grained dark-green dykes of dioritic composition, thus causing the quartz veins to vary greatly in width along strike and in vertical continuity. The dykes are commonly 10 to 15 feet wide with chilled borders adjacent to the quartz veins. They are characterized by having extreme carbonate alteration and occasional subhedral phenocrysts of plagioclase. Some later shearing has taken place along the contacts of the veins and dykes. Molybdenite mineralization in the quartz veins occurs in seams parallel to the vein walls, giving a banded appearance. According to Stevenson (1940), the best grade of molybdenite mineralization on the property occurs in the old stope off the upper adit, where sampling across a width of 4.1 feet and a length of 12 feet aver- * By N. C. Carter. 40 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Figure 4. Geology of Tidewater molybdenite property. aged 2.65 per cent MoS2. In the lower adit, the best grade indicated was 1.05 per cent MoS2 over a width of 3.9 feet and a length of 78 feet. The quartz monzonite porphyry stock measures 2,000 by 1,500 feet and is irregular in outline. Contact relationships are obscure, except along the southern contact, which appears to be nearly vertical to steeply south dipping. The southern contact is fairly sharp, with only a few stringers of porphyry projecting into the wallrocks. The quartz monzonite porphyry is a medium-grained leucocratic pink to white rock with one-quarter inch phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar. The porphyry differs little in texture and composition from that exposed at Roundy Creek. Andesite dykes up to 15 feet wide intrude the quartz monzonite porphyry. A hornfels inclusion 70 feet in length occurs near the southern contact. The hornfelsed zone of sediments and volcanics is not as readily apparent as the zone developed around the Lime and Roundy Creek intrusive bodies. Minor amounts of molybdenite mineralization occur near the southern contact of the stock, suggesting that it may have been the source of molybdenite mineralization in the quartz veins to the south. Two small zones not more than 3 feet in size were noted, one of which assayed 1.39 per cent MoS2, the molybdenite being contained in quartz-filled fractures. The second small zone consists of molybdenite disseminated in the rock matrix and has an average grade of 8.77 per cent MoS2. LODE METALS 41 Work done in 1964 consisted of a geochemical survey, geological mapping, and 1,795 feet of diamond drilling carried out from the old underground workings. An average crew of seven men was employed under the direction of L. Adie between the months of July and November. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1916, pp. 66-68; 1930, pp. 83-86; Hanson, G., 1935, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, pp. 37-38; Stevenson, J. S., 1940, Molybdenum Deposits of British Columbia; B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 9, pp. 61-67.] Silver (55° 129° N.W.) Company oflice, 837 West Hastings Wolf (Dolly Varden Street, Vancouver 1. F. C. Buckland, president. This prop- Mines Ltd.)* erty, consisting of four Crown-granted claims, is on the east side of the Kitsault River 19V_ miles north of Alice Arm. Transportation to the property is by good truck-road connecting Alice Arm with the old Torbrit camp 17 miles to the north, and from there by 2V_ miles of road suitable for four-wheel-drive vehicles. Three quartz-barite-jasper-pyrite replacement deposits, vein-like in form, follow large fractures and shear zones in tuffs and agglomerates. Varying amounts of silver, lead, and zinc minerals occur in small veins and irregular lenses within these replacement deposits, which have been opened up on four levels. The country rocks are massive fragmental volcanic types, overlying shales and argillites which are exposed along the road a short distance south of the main workings. The volcanic rocks are fine to medium grained, grey to green in colour, with rounded fragments one-quarter inch in size. The fragments are often not readily discernible as they differ little in composition from the matrix, being composed of angular quartz and feldspar grains with interstitial chlorite and carbonate. A zone of volcanic agglomerate with rounded fragments 2 inches to 2 feet in diameter was noted in the easterly trending 1201 crosscut on the 1200 level. The replacement deposits are 10 to 90 feet wide, trend north-northeast, and dip steeply to the east and west. In general, the contacts with the volcanic rocks are sharply defined, some movement having occurred along the contacts after the emplacement of the deposits. Near the portal of the 1200 level (see Fig. 5), where the Number 2 replacement deposit is widest, large inclusions of country rock are found within it. The most westerly, or Number 3, body has poorly defined contacts and appears to grade into the fragmental volcanic rocks. These quartz- barite-jasper-pyrite replacements exhibit a brecciated appearance, with subrounded fragments of quartz in a matrix of finer-grained quartz, barite, jasper, and carbonate. Pyrite is the most widespread metallic mineral, and varying amounts of galena, sphalerite, magnetite, hematite, and silver-bearing minerals occur in small fractures in zones of fine-grained crushed quartz interstitial to the larger quartz fragments. The silver-bearing minerals include pyrargyrite, tetrahedrite, and native silver; they occur in varying amounts throughout the deposits, and the richer shoots bear little relation to known structures. Galena also occurs in small irregular quartz veins within the replacement deposits. Brown manganese oxide stain is a common surface weathering product. Narrow fine-grained green dykes of andesitic composition intrude both the fragmental volcanic rocks and the replacement deposits. They range in width from 6 inches to 5 feet and follow the dominant north-northeast fracture pattern. * By N. C. Carter. 42 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Closely spaced north-northeast trending joints are common in the volcanic rocks, the joint planes being coated with chlorite. Northwesterly striking shear zones cut the Number 2 replacement deposit in the 1200 level drift. Near the end of the main drift, this deposit has been cut off by a northeast-striking southerly dipping fault. Figure 5. Dolly Varden Mines Ltd. Plan of Wolf workings. LODE METALS 43 Samples were taken at various points along the three replacement bodies. The results are tabulated below:— Sample No. Location Width Silver Copper Lead Zinc 1 Ft. 1.5 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 10.0 Oz. per Ton 12.9 30.7 8.6 4.4 0.8 6.1 0.4 0.2 Per Cent 0.24 0.40 0.16 0.01 Trace 0.03 Trace 0.02 Per Cent 8.56 3.62 0.60 0.14 0.75 0.76 2.76 0.56 Per Cent 1.14 2 1500 level portal 0.22 3 1500 level portal. _ 0.40 4 5 1450 level—northwest crosscut face . 1200 level—1202 drift face . 0.19 0.21 6 1200 level — junction, main drift and 1201 crosscut _ 0.30 7 1200 level—1204 drift _. _ . 0.30 8 1200 level — junction, 1204 drift and 1203 crosscut- 1.40 During 1964, Sunshine Mining Company, of Spokane, Wash., took up an option on the holdings of Dolly Varden Mines Limited and proceeded to carry out 1,020 feet of drifting and crosscutting on the 1200 level of the Wolf property. In addition, 10,295 feet of diamond drilling was done both on surface and underground. An average crew of 17 men was employed under the direction of H. W. Schulze from May 1st to October 18th. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1951, pp. 97-98.] Silver Victory (Sirmac Mines Limited)* (55° 129° N.W.) Registered office, Suite 1326, 76 Yonge Street, Toronto. D. H. Baird, president. This property, of 1 mineral lease and 11 recorded claims, is on the east side of the Kitsault River, 22 miles north of Alice Arm. A jeep- road on the east side of the river passes within 1 V_ miles of the property. A trail in good condition leads from the road to the surface showings, situated on an easterly trending ridge at an elevation of 2,700 feet. Silver mineralization was discovered before 1918, and the claims were originally known as the Last Chance and Chance group. Early work included open cutting, and in 1919 some drilling was done. A crosscut adit, 800 feet southwest of the surface showings, was driven west of north 120 feet between the years 1921 and 1930. Recent work has involved the cleaning-out of old open cuts and diamond drilling. Massive fragmental volcanic rocks underlie the northern part of the claim group, and are younger than the black argillites which are exposed a short distance south of the surface showings. The volcanic rocks are everywhere fractured and exhibit a rusty weathered surface. They are andesitic in composition and contain one-eighth to one-half inch angular to subrounded fragments in a fine-grained to aphanitic matrix. The rocks are locally brecciated and are transected by numerous one-sixteenth inch carbonate stringers. The mineralized showings are confined to quartz-barite-jasper-pyrite vein-like deposits, replacing the volcanic rocks along east-northeast trending fracture zones. The deposits have fairly sharp, near vertical contacts with the country rocks. Earlier reports indicated the presence of two subparallel vein-like deposits about 100 feet apart. The northern or No. 1 zone is between 2 and 20 feet wide as exposed in a series of open cuts over a length of 750 feet. The southern or No. 2 zone is 10 feet wide and is exposed in only two open cuts 125 feet apart. Recent drilling information suggests that the No. 2 zone may be an offshoot of the larger No. 1 zone to the * By N. C. Carter. 44 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 north. The drilling does not support the view that the No. 1 zone extends over a length of 750 feet as exposed in the open cuts, but indicates that the most westerly open cut, some 450 feet west of a group of five may represent a separate replacement deposit which has been faulted. Prominent surface lineaments near this exposure support this view, as does the presence of a graphitic shear zone in a drill-hole collared 100 feet to the east. The replacement deposits are commonly brecciated and are composed of quartz, carbonate, barite, jasper, and pyrite with varying amounts of galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and some native silver. In surface showings, considerable leaching has taken place and brown manganese oxide staining is prominent. Azur- ite and malachite staining was noted in several open cuts. Banding parallel to the contacts of the deposits is represented by alternating bands of light and dark quartz and jasper. Samples were selected at locations along the three zones. Results are tabulated below:— Sample No. Location Width Silver Copper Lead Zinc 1 2 Western zone Ft. 12 12 10 Oz. per Ton 15.0 4.4 10.4 Per Cent 0.17 0.07 trace Per Cent 0.13 0.08 0.07 Per Cent 0.09 3 No. 2 zone 0.02 During 1964, between the months of August and October, 2,589 feet of diamond drilling was done. A crew of eight men was under the supervision of G. B. Tribble. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1951, pp. 93-94; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, pp. 57-58.] (55° 129° N.W.) Company office, 581 Hornby Street, Moose (Silver Butte Vancouver 1. B. Brynelsen, president. This property, con- Mines Ltd.)* sisting of four Crown-granted claims and one fraction (Lots 1241-1244), is on the east slope of the Kitsault River valley immediately north and west of Trout Creek. The property is approximately 21 miles north of Alice Arm. A jeep-road north from the old Torbrit camp affords access to within 1 mile of the camp. Country rocks are massive fragmental volcanics of andesitic composition. They are fine grained, grey-green, brown to purple in colour and are characterized by angular to rounded fragments one-eighth to one-half inch in diameter that differ little in composition from the matrix. Occasional 1-foot-wide andesite dykes were noted intruding the volcanic rocks. Mineralized showings are found in a quartz-barite-jasper-pyrite replacement deposit striking roughly east-west and dipping steeply to the north. Drilling carried out in 1964 in the eastern part of the property near the Climax boundary indicates that the deposit is 12 feet wide and may be continuous with the replacement body seen in the Climax adit some 300 feet southeast. The vein-like replacement deposit has sharp to gradational contacts with the volcanic rocks and probably was formed in fractures. The deposit is wider to the west, up to 40 feet wide in some drill intersections, with gradational contacts and prominent inclusions of country rock. Mineralization includes quartz, carbonate, barite, jasper, pyrite, and hematite with varying amounts of galena and silver-bearing tetrahedrite. • By N. C. Carter. LODE METALS 45 Work done during 1964 consisted of 2,040 feet of diamond drilling. An average crew of eight men was employed between July and October under the direction of G. B. Tribble. (See Annual Report, 1951, pp. 94-95.) Silver-Lead (55° 129° N.W.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Ace and Galena Street, Vancouver 5. T. S. MacKay, president. This prop- (Silver Butte Mines erty of 10 recorded claims is located on the east side of the Ltd.)* Kitsault River 23 miles north of Alice Arm. Work on the property during the months of September and October consisted of 850 feet of diamond drilling carried out under the supervision of G. B. Tribble. (See Annual Reports, 1951, pp. 91-93; 1963, p. 12.) Copper-Silver (55° 129° N.E.) Registered office, Suite 1326, 67 Yonge Basin (Sirmac Mines Street, Toronto. D. H. Baird, president. The property con- Limited)t sists of a lease comprising four old Basin claims and four Silver Basin claims held by record. The claims are near the head of Stark Creek and midway between the Kitsault River and Kinskuch Lake. Work consisting of cleaning out the old trenches and resampling was done by a crew of three men under the supervision of G. B. Tribble. Transportation was by helicopter. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1924, p. 54.) OBSERVATORY INLET Copper-Silver (55° 129° S.W.) Company office, 700 Burrard Building, Redwing (Magnum Vancouver 5. J. D. Little, president; S. Wise, engineer.in Consolidated Mining charge. The property consists of three Crown-granted claims Co. Ltd.)t at the head of Glacier (Tauw) Creek, approximately 4 miles south of the old village of Anyox. Work, carried out by a crew of eight men, commenced on July 14th and was suspended August 16th. A portable air compressor was taken to the property, the old adit was cleaned out, and three diamond-drill holes cored 399 feet. Equipment was transported by barge to Granby Bay, and a helicopter was used to carry men and equipment from the beach to the property. The property was not visited. (See Annual Reports, 1932, pp. 53-55; 1963, p. 13.) Iron-Copper QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS Moresby Island (52° 132° N.E.) Wesfrob Mines Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited, 7 King Street East, Toronto 1; Vancouver office, 504, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. P. N. Pitcher, president; G. The property is on Tasu Sound near the entrance of Fairfax Inlet, and consists of 21 Crown-granted claims and 70 recorded claims. As work progressed throughout the year, the crew size increased from 14 to 125 men. Diamond drilling during the year totalled 22,525 feet, most of which was on the Tasu (Wesfrob Mines Limited)! Davis, camp foreman. * By H. Bapty and N. C. Carter. t By H. Bapty. t By H. Bapty and A. Sutherland Brown. 46 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 No. 5 zone, but nine holes totalling 2,346 feet were on the old Tasu townsite on Hunger Harbour. A 2,000-ton bulk sample for metallurgical testing was flown off the hill by helicopter. Timber was felled over 150 acres and was cleared from 75 acres. The Sewell-Newcombe Inlet access road was advanced 3.7 miles, and the Tasu site road was advanced 0.75 mile. The building area was graded for 5 acres. The following buildings were installed during the year: One 120-man kitchen- bunkhouse trailer complex, one 40- by 101-foot pit shop was under construction at the end of the year, two 20- by 30-foot powder magazines were built, one 8- by 12-foot cap-house for the storage of detonators, and one 26- by 22-foot shop. Personnel are transported by float plane from Sandspit, while equipment and supplies are barged to the property from Vancouver. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 13-16.) Iron (55° 131 ° S.E.) Company office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Harriet Harbour Vancouver 5; mine office, Jedway. L. T. Postle, president; (Jedway Iron Ore A. J. McDougall, manager; G. N. Cornish, mine superin- Limited)* tendent; F. Irwin, mill superintendent. The mine is on Harriet Harbour, near the southeastern tip of Morseby Island. The mine worked continuously throughout the year and produced 693,907 short dry tons of magnetic iron ore, from which 383,034 long dry tons were recovered by concentration for shipping. The mine employs 140 men, and various contractors employ 60 men. During the year 1,796 feet of diamond drilling was done, a new assay office was built, a shed was constructed for additional warehouse storage, and a drill storage shed was erected. The property is serviced by B.C. Airlines and by Northland Navigation Company. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 16.) Burnaby Island Iron-Copper (51° 131° N.W.) Company office, 1200 West Pender Jib (Burnaby Iron Street, Vancouver 1. K. J. Springer, president; W. R. Mines Limited)* Bacon, geologist. The property of 57 recorded mineral claims is on Burnaby Island 4 miles north of Jedway. In June, 1964, a combined magnetometer and sounding survey was performed by the company and by technical personnel of Nittetsu Mining Consultants of Tokyo, Japan. Transportation of supplies are water-borne from the dock at Jedway, and personnel were transported by aircraft based at Sandspit. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 18-21.) Iron-Copper (52° 131° S.E.) Company office, 202, 114 West 15th Flo, Mac (Merrican Street, North Vancouver. W. R. Bandeen, president; A. J. International Mines McClellan, manager. The Flo group consists of 49 recorded Limited)* claims situated between Poole Inlet and Skincuttle Inlet, and the Mac group consists of 57 recorded claims on the northeast side of Burnaby Island. On the Mac group, seven outcrops of magnetite occur over an area 400 by 500 feet. The No. 1 outcrop is exposed on the surface for a length of 75 feet, a width of 25 feet, and height up to 30 feet. A portion of the deposit is covered by overburden but is exposed at intervals in a length of 200 feet. This has been confirmed by diamond drilling. The eastern end of the No. 1 outcrop abuts greenstone. The Flo group has a magnetite outcrop lying at an elevation of * By H. Bapty. LODE METALS 47 150 feet and less than 200 feet from tidewater. The outcrop is on a limestone cliff, and a dip-needle survey indicates a length of 125 feet and a width of 100 feet. About 600 feet east, chalcopyrite outcrops in the limestone as two occurrences, 200 feet apart and with lengths of 30 and 75 feet respectively. Widths range from 10 to 15 feet, with assays showing 4 per cent copper and 1 per cent copper. Approximately 500 feet of diamond drilling completed on these showings was insufficient to indicate an economic deposit. A tractor-trail, 1V_ miles in length, was built from the northeastern corner of the island to the Mac showing. Work on the trail commenced in January, and diamond drilling commenced in February and continued until November with an average crew of six men. Sixteen holes were drilled on the Mac group with a total length of 5,507 feet. Transportation is by boat from Jedway. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 18.) BANKS ISLAND Gold Banks, Banker, etc.* (53° 130° S.E.) Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1, holds 206 claims by record in the Banks, Banker, Isle, Waller, Bay, Mik, Lilly, and Keetcha groups in a belt about 20 miles long in the southwestern part of Banks Island. Gold-bearing mineralization is associated with shears and fractures in and near sedimentary remnants lying within rocks of the Coast Intrusions. A skarn alteration is common. Between March and November a crew of 18 men built 5 miles of trail and cut 60 miles of line for geochemical and self-potential surveys. Approximately 100 rock cuts, pits, and trenches were spread throughout the property, and a total of 13,074 feet of diamond drilling was done in 96 holes. J. J. McDougall was in charge of the work. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 21-23.) TERRACE Gold-Copper (54° 128° N.E.) Lucky Luke Mining Co. Ltd., P.O. Box Lucky Luke* 1269, Terrace, holds the Hummer and Lucky Luke Crown- granted claims under option and two other claims by mineral lease. The property is about Wi miles below Usk, close to the railway, about 12 miles northeast of Terrace. A road was built to the showings, and old workings were reopened by a crew of two men. Molybdenum JB, Molly, HM (Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd.)' (54° 128° N.E.) Company office, 700, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. L. Adie in charge of exploration. Twenty claims of a once more extensive group held by Huestis Mining Corporation Ltd. were under option to Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. Additional claims were located to bring the total number to 83. The property is on a small creek known as Bell Creek at Pitman on the railway 22 miles northeast of Terrace. Two molybdenite showings occur in granodiorite of the Coast Intrusions. Eight men worked between May and October under B. M. Dudas on geological mapping, soil-sampling, and building access roads. Six holes were diamond drilled with an aggregate length of 1,621 feet. The property was not visited. * By M. S. Hedley. 48 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Copper (54° 128° S.E.) Purdex Minerals Limited (Vancouver Northwest, Bet* office, 314, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1) holds 40 claims under option and 10 claims by record. The property is on Treasure Mountain, on Salmon Run Creek, a tributary of the Zymoetz River. It is reached by 28 miles of road from Terrace and 4 miles of trail. Bornite and chalcocite mineralization occur in volcanic flow and fragmental rocks. A crew of nine men worked for four months starting in August and did geological mapping, soil-sampling, 260 feet of trenching, and diamond drilled 1,078 feet in three holes. The 4-mile trail was rehabilitated, but helicopters were used to expedite the work, which was done under the supervision of Dolmage, Mason and Stewart, consultants. The property was not visited. BABINE RANGE Molybdenum (55° 127° N.E.) Executive office, 1270 Avenue of the Molly, Moly, Red, Americas, New York 20. F. Coolbaugh, president; British Canyon, Tom, Len Columbia office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. The (Southwest Potash company holds 69 claims and 5 fractions under option from Corporation)t The Buttle Lake Mining Company Limited. The claims lie about 24 miles north of Hazelton to the east of the head of Shegisic Creek on a northerly trending ridge of Mount Thomlinson. The 1963 tent camp at 6,050 feet elevation in a saddle on the ridge was reoccupied. The camp was serviced by helicopter. Geology of the area is shown on Figure 6. Massive black argillaceous sediments of the Hazelton Group have been intruded by a roughly circular stock of pale-buff to light-pinkish white quartz monzonite porphyry. Outside the contact aureole the sediments tend to be massive and black, with conchoidal and blocky fractures or a poorly developed slaty cleavage. Near the contact the sedimentary rocks have been deformed and metamorphosed. In most areas there is a well- developed schistosity approximately parallel to the contact, over a zone 300 to 500 feet wide. Most of the rocks in this zone are medium to dark brownish-grey schists, the brown colour being due to metamorphic biotite. Biotite, muscovite, cordierite, andalusite, and apatite have formed in the contact aureole. Cordierite and andalusite were only identified in prominently " spotted " rocks that occur along the southern contact. Recrystallized quartz and feldspar(?) are slightly coarser than in the original rocks. Wherever seen, the contact of the stock is very sharp. The margin is foliated for a few hundred feet from the contact, parallel to the contact and parallel to the schistosity in the intruded rocks. The foliation and schistosity were probably formed during intrusion. The foliation is marked by alignment of biotite crystals, and quartz phenocrysts have been drawn out into lenses and broken down into mosaic aggregates of crystals. Coarse potash feldspar phenocrysts characteristic of the core of the stock are much less abundant and smaller in size in the foliated contact zone. The core zone of the stock is marked by 1 to 3 per cent of coarse, zoned potash feldspar phenocrysts which are over 2 inches long at some localities. Quartz and plagioclase phenocrysts range up to one-half inch in diameter. The plagioclase (An12-3o) is oscillatory zoned; it constitutes about 40 to 50 per cent of the rock, and the potash feldspar about 10 to 25 per cent. In many areas the stock is cut by very narrow pale-buff to white aplite dykes. These dykes commonly occur in swarms and generally range from 1 to 4 inches in * By M. S. Hedley. t By R. V. KJrkham. LODE METALS 49 width and may be several tens of feet or more long. The largest known dyke of this type occurs north of the camp and is about 6 feet wide. These dykes occupy well-defined fractures. They are mainly restricted to the stock itself and do not occur outside the contact aureole. In the thin-sections examined they have a typical aplitic texture and are either granitic or quartz monzonitic in composition. I Molybdenite and chalcopyrite ' mineralization Vi^/j^ Aplite dykiet swarms _J Quartz monzonite porphyry Blac k argillites and metamorphosed equivalents LEGEND O Diamond-dri II station -^** Foliation, schistosity, slaty cleavage 5 c Tr e n c h T'"-'"' Con tact, observed , in ferred Approximate limits of schistosity ' and foliation Scale "Feet Position of intrusive contact taken from company map Figure 6. Geology of Mount Thomlinson molybdenite showings. 50 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 A few medium- to light-grey porphyry dykes, intermediate in age between the main quartz monzonite porphyry and the aplite dykes, have been found near the drilled area. These dykes are quartz monzonite porphyry close to granite in composition. The main mineralized zone is shown on Figure 6. Molybdenite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occur in a stockwork of quartz veinlets. Minor amounts of magnetite and scheelite occur with the sulphides. In general, 10 per cent or more of the rock is made up of quartz veinlets which are more extensive than the area of sulphide mineralization. Veinlets are parallel to and cut the foliation and are later in time than the aplite. Three chip samples of about 10 pounds each, taken about 70 feet apart in the longest trench, gave the following assays:— Sample Gold Silver Mo Calculated MoS2 MoS2 No 1 Nil Nil Nil Trace Trace Trace Per Cent Per Cent 0.07 = .118 0 07 — .118 Per Cent 0.05 No ?, 0.11 No. 3. - -- 0.12 : = .20 0.17 These results indicate that a considerable amount of the molybdenum is in the oxide form at the surface. There is about one-third of 1 per cent copper in areas of highest-grade molybdenite. In the mineralized zone, biotite has been altered to carbonate, muscovite, opaque minerals, and chlorite; feldspar has been altered to carbonate and muscovite (sericite in places); and the quartzofeldspathic matrix of the porphyry has been re- crystallized and has increased in grain size. Perthitic microcline is relatively fresh compared to other feldspars. Figure 6 shows that the mineralization has been localized in the contact area. In general the mineralization extends farther into the porphyry than into the sediments, and in many places the amount of mineralization drops off sharply at the contact. Weathering of mineralization has been considerable, and in many areas extends to 200 to 300 feet below the surface. Limonite, ferrimolybdite, malachite, and, to a lesser extent, azurite are the main secondary minerals. The mineralized stock lies about one-half mile north of a much larger granitic body which underlies the summit and upper slopes of Mount Thomlinson. The latter intrusion is shown on Preliminary Map 44-24 of the Geological Survey of Canada. Work on the property was carried out from May 24th to September 1st. Five diamond-drill holes totalling 4,517 feet were completed from the sites shown on Figure 6. Geologic mapping was done by A. I. Sinclair. A total of 18 to 22 men was employed under the supervision of G. W. Mannard. Silver-Lead (55° 126° S.W.) These claims were leased from Rio Tinto Rio Nos. 1-4* Canadian Exploration Limited, 736 Granville Street, Vancouver 2, by Steve Homenuke, of Hazelton, and A. F. Claussen. Two and one-half tons of selected ore was sacked and shipped from surface open cuts. The property is on French Peak, 40 miles east of Hazelton, at an approximate elevation of 6,000 feet. The property is served by tractor on a * By R. V. Kirkham. LODE METALS 51 winter road, visited. Further work is contemplated this winter. The property was not SMITHERS Silver-Lead-Zinc Silver Creek, Silver Lake, Trade Dollar (Hudson Bay Mountain Silver Mines Ltd.)* (54° 127° N.E.) Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2. The property consists of a number of Crown-granted mineral claims and fractions formerly owned by Sil-Van Consolidated Mining and Milling Company Ltd. They are at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet on the northwest shoulder of Hudson Bay Mountain near the divide between Silvern and Toboggan Creeks. In 1964 the existing tractor-road was extended about 1V_ miles to about 6,000 feet elevation on the northwest slope. Trenching and stripping in this area by bulldozer was successful in uncovering some veins. A test sample of 1.2 tons of picked ore shipped to the Trail smelter contained: Gold, .144 ounce; silver, 104 ounces; lead, 1,461 pounds; zinc, 157 pounds. Five men under the direction of H. Gilleland worked on the property from June to September. Molybdenum Glacier Gulch (Climax Molybdenum (B.C.) Limited)! (54° 127° N.E.) Executive office, 1270 Avenue of the Americas, New York 20. H. A. Sawyer, president. British Columbia office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver 2; R. E. Anderson in charge. The company holds a total of 236 recorded claims and fractions and 14 Crown-granted claims centred on Glacier Gulch on the east side of Hudson Bay Mountain. The 14 Crown-granted claims and 30 recorded claims are held under lease and option from W. Yorke-Hardy and partners, of Smithers. Widespread low-grade molybdenite mineralization occurs under and near the toe of the glacier in Glacier Gulch. Molybdenite occurs in a stockwork of narrow quartz veinlets in altered volcanic and intrusive rocks. Information to date indicates that there is a large sill-like body of highly altered granodiorite(?) and a number of small porphyritic granitic and aplitic dykes and perhaps small stocks in the mineralized area. The company at present is seeking to delineate higher-grade areas of sufficient grade and tonnage to constitute orebodies. Work in 1964 consisted of surface diamond drilling and reopening and reaming of old holes for the purpose of accurate surveying. A total of 16,300 feet of AX and EX drilling was done. Hole depths ranged from 1,450 to 2,600 feet. Transportation of personnel and equipment was done by S-58, S-55, and Hiller 12E helicopters. A crew averaging 20 men was employed from June 15th to November 1st. D. Jonson, from Golden, Colo., was the engineer in charge. Silver-Lead-Zinc Cronin (New Cronin Babine Mines Limited)* (54° 126° N.W.) Company office, 844 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. L. C. Creery, president; H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Ltd., consulting engineers. The company owns the Sunrise No. 7 Crown-granted mineral claim and holds seven claims under option. The property is on the east slope of Mount Cronin, about 30 miles by road from Smithers. A description of the property was given in the 1949 Annual Report, pages 94-98. In • By R. V. Kirkham and H. Bapty. 52 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 1964 work on the property was done by the lessee, Paul Kindrat, and two men from July until the end of October. Production: Ore milled, 500 tons, which produced 45 tons of lead and 79 tons of zinc concentrate. A crosscut driven 100 feet on No. 6 level (4,675 feet elevation) encountered a 2-foot vein, which was reported to be well mineralized. A total of approximately 1,400 feet of diamond drilling was done from underground as well as a little surface trenching. The property is served by a narrow truck-road. (54° 126° N.W.) Company office, 718 Granville Street, Debenture (Native Vancouver 2. T. P. Bowes, president. The property is Mines Limited)* situated in the Babine Range 10 miles northwest of the New Cronin Babine mine. During the year a new bunkhouse- mess hall, an oil-shed, garage, and repair bay were built. A portable 600-c.f.m. compressor and shops have been placed near the new portal, from which 100 feet was driven with an average crew of five men under the direction of F. B. Messner, manager. Transportation is by truck over a newly constructed road to the mine. (See Annual Report, 1916, p. 130.) Copper (54° 126° N.W.) Vancouver office, 1050 Davie Street, Astlais (Noranda Vancouver 5. B. O. Brynelsen, manager. The Astlais, Ast, Exploration Com- Billie, Ralph, and other groups, totalling 45 claims, are on pany, Limited)! the south slope of Astlais Mountain, 12 miles east of Smithers. Interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks are intruded by dykes and masses of feldspar porphyry and rhyolite. Pyrite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and malachite occur in the intrusive and the volcanic rocks. In July a three-man crew put in several trenches, built access roads, and diamond drilled two holes totalling 250 feet. The property was not visited. BABINE LAKE Copper (54° 126° N.E.) Vancouver office, 1050 Davie Street, Newman (Noranda Vancouver 5. B. O. Brynelsen, manager. A total of 253 Exploration Com- mineral claims held by record include the Newman group of pany, Limited)! 11 claims and several other groups. The property is on the Newman Peninsula on Babine Lake and is reached by water from roads on the west side of the lake. Interbedded sedimentary and volcanic rocks are intruded by dykes and masses of feldspar porphyry. Pyrite, specular hematite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, and magnetite occur disseminated in both porphyry and adjacent volcanic rocks. Four miles of road was built to provide access to most parts of the property from a trailer camp on the lake-shore. About 44 line-miles of geophysical work was done, several trenches were put in, and 24,091 feet of diamond drilling was done in 98 holes. An average crew of 11 men was at work most of the year. The property was not visited. * By H. Bapty. t By M. S. Hedley. LODE METALS 53 Copper DA, AX, etc. (Noranda Exploration Company, Limited)* (55° 126° S.E.) Vancouver office, 1050 Davie Street, Vancouver 5. B. O. Brynelsen, manager. The company holds 126 claims by record, chiefly in the DA and AX groups, lying east of Nakinilerak Lake, which is about 12 miles east of the north end of Babine Lake. Interbedded sedimentary and volcanic rocks are intruded by dykes and masses of feldspar porphyry. Pyrite and minor chalcopyrite occur disseminated in the porphyries. Geophysical and geochemical surveys were conducted over 15 line-miles. Six holes totalling 405 feet were diamond drilled, and 4,000 feet of trenching was done. An average crew of eight men worked from August till the end of November. The property was serviced by helicopter, but a 20-mile tractor-road connects the camp with the northeast arm of Babine Lake. The property was not visited. TAKLA LAKE Silver-Lead-Zinc Lustdust (Takla Silver Mines, Limited)* (55° 125° N.E.) Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Vancouver 3. Leonard Belliveau, president; Douglas D. Campbell, consulting engineer. The Lustdust Nos. 1-15 claims are at the head of Silver Creek, about 50 miles by road west of Manson Creek. Two northerly trending steeply dipping shear zones and an intermediate diagonal shear zone cross intercalated volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Stripping and sampling were done by a crew of six men, and a camp and mining equipment and supplies were moved onto the property late in 1964. The property was not visited. MORICE LAKE Molybdenum Lucky Ship, Sam, Ram, Road (Southwest Potash Corporation)! (54° 127° S.E.) Company office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. R. A. Barker, manager. The company holds the Lucky Ship property of 109 recorded claims and fractions on the Nanika River east of Morice Lake, 50 miles west of Houston. Mineralization consists of molybdenite in a quartz-vein stockwork in a quartz porphyry pluton. A 6- mile access road was constructed from the Morice-Nanika forestry development road to the property. Geological mapping and geochemical surveys were carried out on 38 miles of line. Four holes totalling 4,200 feet were diamond drilled. An average crew of 16 men was employed on the property from May 15th to October 15th under the direction of T. J. R. Godfrey. TAHTSA LAKE Copper-Molybdenum (53° 127° N.E.) Company office, 1111, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president; J. A. Gower, manager. This company holds 44 claims in the Len group on Huckleberry Mountain east of Tahtsa Lake at a distance of about 80 miles by road from Highway No. 16 near Houston. Work in 1964 was directed by P. T. Black and employed a crew of 15, including drillers on contract, from May until August. It included 4,647 * By M. S. Hedley. t By H. Bapty. % By J. M. Carr. Len (Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited)! 54 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 feet of wire-line diamond drilling in nine holes, bringing the total footage drilled on the property to 5,600 feet. At the end of July a visit lasting three days was spent logging drill core and examining the available exposures at the showing, which is centred on a low knoll at about 3,400 feet elevation at the southwestern foot of Huckleberry Mountain. Drilling at this time had been done in an area measuring about 1 mile from east to west and about one-half mile across, in and around a stock of quartz diorite porphyry some 2,000 feet long in a northeasterly direction and about 1,000 feet wide. Figure 7 is a sketch map of the simplified geology, with localities appearing as on a '-■-J Quartz diorite porphyry / ^Hazelton Group A ^ 1 Area of best mineralization observed c^ wvwj Fault,inferred c^ O Dri II- hole, vertical O- Drill-hole, inclined ■""'.Outcrop .&> .*"AA^A'AA^V\ j / / / / / _s: r^° rJ* A > -■ad ,vA«ASa^i V 'AAAAAAA'-', AA A/ 'c> A^,VA'>^ A-''--'^' ^' |-i>-'Arr-VA >'--'.'-''r,-';:> y J m^mMs' {/ *v A AKtf *'.-'' ^-^ -r^b A , o rjVrJ o Scale e 1000 2000. A pprox. Feet Figure 7. Len group, Huckleberry Mountain. vertical air photograph of the area. The stock and adjacent dykes are emplaced into altered tuffs and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks assigned to the Hazelton Group, which is mainly of Middle Jurassic age. According to evidence obtained from vertical drill-holes and rare outcrops, bedding and foliation in the Hazelton rocks are generally inclined at low to moderate angles, partly in a south-southwesterly direction. The quartz diorite porphyry is a grey to pinkish rock of dacitic composition which weathers buff coloured. It contains closely spaced phenocrysts of white plagioclase as much as 1 centimetre long, and smaller ones of biotite, quartz, and, in places, pink orthoclase. The groundmass has a fine granitic texture and consists mainly of the same four minerals. Dykes and sheets of this rock occur with unknown attitudes and in apparently diminishing numbers away from the stock. Hornblende feldspar porphyry forms dykes and sheets cutting the stock and adjacent rocks. It is a rock of dacitic composition which differs in appearance from the quartz diorite porphyry mainly in the presence of numerous aligned hornblende phenocrysts and the scarcity of quartz phenocrysts. The groundmass is aphanitic, LODE METALS 55 pinkish, and consists mainly of quartz and plagioclase. The attitudes of the dykes and sheets are unknown, except that most are steep. The above-described rocks are altered most strongly where they are fractured and veined, chiefly in and around the stock. Quartz veins up to 1 inch wide and partly vuggy are numerous in parts of the stock, where they tend partly to form sets of sub-parallel veins in various directions. In the Hazelton rocks, veins are slender and less conspicuous. Rock adjoining the quartz veins is marginally bleached, or is pink because of orthoclase, or is otherwise altered. Minerals in veins partly containing quartz include orthoclase, actinolite, calcite, ffuorite, and epidote. Veins of the orange-brown zeolite, stilbite are plentiful, and heulandite is possibly also present. Gypsum veins occur, and disseminated anhydrite was recognized in drill core from a depth of about 600 feet below the surface. Biotite formed by alteration is partly in veinlets, but is chiefly finely aggregated in porphyry and abundantly disseminated in hornfelsed strata adjoining the stock. Chlorite and sericite alteration is strongest near faults, in sheared rock containing abundant calcite veins that are mostly post-mineral in age. All outcrops and drill-holes contain pyrite occurring as disseminations and fracture-fillings, and in quartz veins. Copper and molybdenum mineralization is earlier than some, if not all, of the pyrite, and is concentrated chiefly near the stock, where it is apparently best in the zone indicated on Figure 7. Chalcopyrite is the principal copper mineral and is locally accompanied by traces of bornite. Limited surface oxidation has in places produced small quantities of copper carbonates. Chalcopyrite, which is generally accompanied by pyrite, occurs partly disseminated in altered rocks and partly as coarsely crystalline coatings, nests, and blebs in quartz veins. Molybdenite occurs in smaller amounts as fine particles and streaks, in or near quartz veins, generally in the vicinity of chalcopyrite but in places accompanied only by pyrite. Magnetite in veins and other local concentrations apparently formed before the sulphides. Many faults apparently of pre-mineral age are conspicuous in drill-holes but are poorly exposed on surface. A pair of curved northeasterly lineaments prominent on air photographs are inferred to be pre-mineral faults confining the stock closely (Fig. 7). The southern fault is intersected in four drill-holes and shows strong sericitic, chloritic, and calcitic alteration accompanied by sulphides. The northern fault may split into a number of small faults partly intersected by holes designated E and No. 3 respectively. Dark diabase dykes of unknown attitude in the mineralized rocks are themselves unmineralized and only weakly sheared. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 28.) (53° 127° N.E.) Company office, 1111, 1030 West Whit (Kennco Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president; J. Explorations, (West- A. Gower, manager. Since 1963 this company has held ern) Limited)* about 50 claims on the south slopes of Sibola Peak at elevations ranging mainly between 3,800 and 6,000 feet. The property is north of the Len group, about 6 miles distant by road. In 1964 work was directed by P. E. Hirst and included 6 miles of road construction, 15,000 lineal feet of trenching, geophysical surveying, and 1,177 feet of diamond drilling in 10 holes. A maximum crew of 16 men camped at Whiting Creek from June to September. The property, which was visited in July before drilling started, is underlain by dark-green fragmental Hazelton volcanic rocks that are poorly exposed and appear * By J. M. Can-. 56 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 to dip southward. Intrusive rocks include the Sibola granodiorite stock in the northwestern part of the property; porphyritic quartz diorite or granodiorite at Whiting Creek, and reportedly farther northeast near Comb Creek; and numerous later dacite porphyry dykes. These dykes are of several kinds, are in places closely spaced, and mostly strike northwestward or west-northwestward. Later, unmineralized and only slightly altered diabase dykes occur also with these strikes. Alteration and mineralization are extensive. The upper slopes are conspicuously oxidized to form widespread gossans, and the lower valleys of creeks draining the gossans are partly filled with stratified conglomerates and breccias of country rock debris set in a brown-red iron-rich clay matrix. These local deposits were probably formed in glacial lakes resulting from ice dams in Whiting Creek. At localities spaced as much as 1V_ miles apart on the property, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and in places magnetite and specular hematite occur either together or separately as disseminations, streaks, and fracture fillings in rocks which mostly contain quartz veins. Pyrite accompanies these minerals and also occurs extensively alone or with very minor amounts of other sulphides in rocks that are quartz veined, silicified, or otherwise altered. Rock alteration is generally accompanied by pyrite and has produced minerals which include biotite, quartz, sericite, kaolinite, chlorite, calcite, and epidote. A strong tendency was noted for disseminated sulphide to replace secondary biotite and chlorite in the intrusive rocks. Widespread fracturing probably indicates the existence of numerous faults. Mineralized faults were seen in several places; at Whiting Creek a chloritic fault strikes northward, dips to the west, and is several feet wide; elsewhere, some faults are sericitic and follow silicified, pyritic porphyry dykes of northwesterly trends. (53° 127° N.E.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Berg (Kennco Ex- Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president; P. T. Black, plorations, (West- engineer in charge at the property. The company holds the ern) Limited)* Berg group of 38 recorded claims between Nanika and Tahtsa Lakes, about 11 miles northwest of the Whit group. The mineralization consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite, and molybdenite in fractures and disseminations associated with a feldspar porphyry stock. Work on the property started August 16th and stopped October 1st. An average of 17 men comprised the work crew. Three bulldozer tractors were used to construct a road and bulldozer trail for the 20 miles from Twinkle Lake to the property. Roads and drill sites were prepared, and approximately 40,000 cubic yards of rubble was excavated to form 22 trenching sites. About 190 rock geochemical samples were taken from the trenches. A total of 3,267 feet of NX wire-line diamond drilling was done at the stations. Transportation is by four-wheel-drive vehicle. The property was not visited. Molybdenum (53° 127° S.W.) Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada Jumbo* Limited, 55 Yonge Street, Toronto; Vancouver office, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. J. L. DeLeen, exploration manager; L. Kiss, engineer in charge at the property. The company holds 34 recorded claims between the Gamsby River and the Tsaytis River about 11 miles south of Seel Lake. The claims cover the contact area between metavolcanics and granite. An aplitic phase of the granite contains minor molybdenite and quartz. Four men were employed from August 26th until September 18th on 280 feet of • By H. Bapty. LODE METALS 57 trenches, taking 20 bulk samples, and prospecting. Transportation was by float plane and helicopter. The property was not visited. WHITESAIL LAKE Molybdenum Cob (Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited)* (53° 127° S.E.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. C. J. Sullivan, president; P. T. Black, engineer in charge at the property. A group of 10 claims optioned in the summer of 1963 was returned to the option- ors (C. V. and W. H. Harrison) in 1964. The claims lie southeast of the west end of Whitesail Lake. The mineralization consists of disseminated pyrite and molybdenite in quartz veins in the vicinity of a granitic mass. Work started on August 5th and stopped August 12th with a crew of two men. Thirty rock chip samples (total sampled length, 224 feet) and 16 geochemical samples were taken. The property was not visited. EUTSUK LAKE Molybdenum-Copper CAFB (Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada Limited)! (53° 127° S.E.) Field office, 404, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. J. L. DeLeen, manager. This company holds 121 claims extending northward from Haven (Bone) Lake across the western part of Red Bird Mountain between elevations of 3,600 and 6,000 feet. Haven Lake is 8 miles west of Pondosy Bay on Eutsuk Lake, and access to the property is by air. At this property since 1959 the company has investigated widespread occurrences of molybdenite with accompanying chalcopyrite, which chiefly occur near the contacts of a granodiorite porphyry stock. Work in 1964 was supervised by A. J. Schmidt and included 8,435 feet of surface diamond drilling in 15 holes with wire-line machines. A crew of 11 men, including drillers on contract, camped on the property from May to September. The following notes are based on a visit of a few days' duration made in July. The porphyry stock is about 5,000 feet in length from north to south and about 4,000 feet wide. The stock is emplaced in volcanic rocks of the Hazelton Group which appear to occupy the northern limb of an open anticline whose axis trends north of west. At its wider, northern end the porphyry stock encloses a large screen or roof pendant of altered volcanic rocks which extends nearly the entire width of the stock and contains steep east-trending bands of mylonite that pre-date the emplacement of the stock. The stock consists mainly of a pale-grey or pink granodiorite porphyry that possesses a fine crystalline groundmass together with prominent phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and, in places, orthoclase 1 inch in length. This rock is cut in a central drill-hole by dykes of a similar but darker porphyry and in some northeastern outcrops by other dykes of a light-coloured quartz porphyry which have northerly strikes and cut the volcanic rocks of the roof pendant. In exposures and drill-holes mainly near the edges of the stock, the rocks are altered and contain quartz veins which are mostly mineralized. In places the quartz veins are closely spaced and range in width up to several inches, although most are narrower than 1 inch. Veins in the volcanic rocks are mostly thin, impersistent, and irregular in attitude. In porphyry, many veins follow fractures belonging to * By H. Bapty. t By J. M. Carr. 58 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 one or more conspicuous sets, of which a steep northeast-trending set exists in the eastern part of the stock and a northwest-trending set exists along part of the western contact. Porphyry adjoining the veins is partly silicified by quartz flooding into the groundmass, and the silicified rock contains disseminated flakes of sericite. Plagioclase is variously either chalky, due to kaolinization and sericitization, or is yellowish or greenish, due to other kinds of alteration. In some places biotite books are bleached to a bronze colour, although elsewhere they are fresh and in places are accompanied by fine biotite that is possibly hydrothermal. Chlorite is present in small amounts. Orthoclase remains generally pink and fresh looking, and some which mantles plagioclase may be hydrothermal. Altered volcanic rocks adjoining the stock are somewhat foliated and contain abundant fine-grained biotite, part of which crystallized subsequently to mosaic- textured quartz veins in the rocks. Volcanic rocks on the west side are strongly bleached and silicified. Molybdenite is concentrated in the quartz veins, only minor amounts being in the adjoining rock. It is mostly finely disseminated and imparts a blue-grey colour to the quartz. Pyrite accompanies molybdenite and has a wider distribution. Together with small amounts of chalcopyrite, it forms weak disseminations and more abundant fracture-fillings, some of which cut the quartz-molybdenite veins. Mineralized outcrops are commonly stained by secondary minerals of both copper and molybdenum. Copper-molybdenum ratios are reported to be generally higher in the volcanic rocks than in porphyry. A showing which was visited about one- half mile from the stock contained chalcopyrite in the volcanic rocks without evident molybdenite and no quartz veins. The attitude of faults on the property is generally unknown. One or two faults exposed in the northeastern part strike north and northeast, contain gossan, and apparently precede the mineralization. (See Annual Reports, 1962, p. 17; 1963, p. 29.) ENDAKO Molybdenum (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 1218, 1030 West Geor- Endako Mines gia Street, Vancouver 5. T. H. McClelland, president; R. G. Ltd.* Weber, mine manager. This company, which is controlled and managed by Canadian Exploration Limited, holds 197 mineral claims north of the east end of Francois Lake, 115 miles west of Prince George. Thirteen of these claims are held under a mineral lease. A large molybdenite deposit which had been outlined by surface diamond drilling in 1962 and 1963, mainly on the Jay No. 10 and Boot Nos. 1, 2, and 6 mineral claims, was bulk sampled from underground workings in 1963. In 1964 additional surface diamond drilling was done, and in May the company announced plans for production from this orebody by open-pit mining starting in 1965. Ore reserves were stated to include 66V_ million tons of ore containing 0.21 per cent molybdenum sulphide with dilution allowed for. During the year 12,730 feet of surface diamond drilling was done in 25 holes, bringing the total footage diamond drilled in the vicinity of the orebody since 1962 to 88,299 feet in 194 holes. In addition, in 1964 six holes totalling 862 feet were drilled north of the mine area on the Pat group of claims, and by arrangement with Julian Mining Co. Ltd. six holes totalling 388 feet were drilled on the Deer group north of the Endako orebody in the proposed tailings-disposal area. The Deer claims were subsequently transferred from Julian * By J. M. Carr. LODE METALS 59 Mining Co. Ltd. to Endako Mines Ltd. and are included in the total number of claims given above. The following geological description of the Endako orebody is based on an examination lasting for several weeks in June and July, when the orebody was still largely covered by overburden. The examination was chiefly of drill core, limited surface exposures in the western part of the orebody, and underground workings of the adit zone, which is also in the western part of the orebody. It was supplemented by information obtained from geological logs of all drill-holes, which were provided by the company, together with maps and other data. The orebody is 2V_ miles north of Francois Lake at about 3,400 feet surface elevation, and is in a granite batholith belonging to the Topley Intrusions. These intrusions of Lower Jurassic and younger ages extend beneath a partial cover of later rocks for distances of 80 miles both to the northwest and to the southeast of Endako. Two miles west of the mine, unmineralized Cretaceous or Tertiary volcanic rocks overlie the granite extensively. Beyond the southern edge of the batholith, which underlies Francois Lake, a fault belt as much as 6 miles wide and 12 miles long involves Tertiary and older rocks and strikes northeastward toward the mine, which therefore lies close to the intersection of two major geological structures —the belt of Topley Intrusions and the northeasterly fault belt. The freshest granite at the mine is a reddish medium-grained rock without foliation, consisting mainly of quartz, red orthoclase, white plagioclase, and black biotite. The granite contains occasional rounded inclusions which are biotite-rich and have the general composition of quartz diorite. Irregular and mostly narrow dykes of pink aplite occur in the granite and are earlier than porphyry dykes which cut the granite and are mineralized. The porphyry dykes occur in about half the drill-holes, and their attitude is as yet poorly known. The few which were seen at surface possessed strikes that were variously to east and west of north, and dips that were generally steep. The porphyry dykes are of two kinds, the brown ones being of biotite-plagioclase porphyry which is dacite or quartz latite in composition, and the somewhat later, pale to buff-coloured ones being of quartz-orthoclase porphyry which is rhyolite in composition. Wallrock alteration affects both the granite and the porphyries and is most intense in heavily fractured rock. Types of alteration include silicification and sericitization adjacent to quartz veins, orthoclase introduction, formation of hydro- thermal biotite, argillic alteration of the plagioclase feldspar either to a white, yellow, or green colour, and production of calcite and other carbonates in the rock as veins and disseminations. A common alteration is one which renders the plagioclase feldspar greenish and leaves the orthoclase and biotite of the granite still looking fresh. Under the microscope, the plagioclase of rocks altered in this way appears more or less entirely altered to kaolin, carbonate, sericite, chlorite, and biotite in proportions which vary considerably. Plagioclase, which is altered to a chalky white appearance, apparently contains hydromuscovite as an alteration product, together with carbonate and flecks of biotite. Molybdenite occurs principally in quartz veins, partly as coarse leaves and ribbons in the veins or on their walls, but mostly as a fine dissemination in the granular, dense quartz mosaic of the veins, which are thereby coloured blue-grey and frequently are ribboned in alternating dark and light layers. Some mineralized veins contain calcite in addition to quartz. Only a small proportion of the molybdenite occurs disseminated in altered rocks adjoining the veins. Molybdenite- bearing quartz veins range in width from very narrow to as much as 5 feet, and their length in places exceeds 160 feet, as in the drift of the adit zone. Many of the wider veins of an area tend to lie in a single general direction, which in the western part 60 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 of the mine is east-northeast with a dip to the southeast of about 45 degrees. Occurring with this somewhat regular system of veins are other intersecting veins, mostly narrow, which form a stockwork of no definable pattern. Some of the latter narrow mineralized veins appear later than others which they cross, suggesting more than one age of both quartz and molybdenite deposition. In the porphyry dykes, wide veins are apparently not developed and molydenite occurs in slender veinlets, generally with quartz. A molybdenite-bearing quartz vein on surface, more than 1 foot wide in the granite, pinched to a fraction of an inch wide on intersecting the wall of a porphyry dyke, and rapidly died out. Pyrite accompanies molybdenite in a general way and extends into rocks which contain quartz veins without much molybdenite. In the orebody, pyrite partly fills fractures and occurs also as disseminated well-shaped crystals. At least partly it is later than molybdenite, which it appears to crosscut and be emplaced into. Company engineers suggest that pyrite forms less than 1 per cent of the orebody. Other metallic minerals present include magnetite, some of which is hydrothermal, and forms rare vein fillings as well as sparse disseminated replacements; specular hematite, which may accompany magnetite locally in molybdenite-bearing quartz veins; and chalcopyrite, which is rare. Faults are numerous in the orebody, but their attitudes are as yet poorly known. The most prominent ones show clear evidence of post-mineral movement, with slickensides indicating oblique slip displacement. These faults are frequently wide and contain gouge and strongly chloritized rock together with, in places, unmin- eralized grey or dark-green biotite-lamprophyre dykes which are partly sheared and altered to chlorite and calcite. In the adit several faults of this type are exposed, none of which contain lamprophyre. The most northerly fault strikes northeastward and dips steeply southward, and includes gouge with a high content of molybdenite at the point where sampled, which was adjacent to a dragged mineralized vein on the footwall. The more southerly fault also strikes northeastward but dips northward at about 60 degrees. It is about 4 feet wide and here forms the southern limit of ore, the rock to the south being altered and pyritized but containing only a few quartz veins, not all of which contain molybdenite. Faults between the described faults in the adit strike northwestward and dip southward at angles between 40 and 70 degrees. Gouge collected from one of these faults was found to contain only small amounts of molybdenite. Evidence of post-mineral faulting is seen in the frequent occurrence of sheared molybdenite and locally pyrite on the walls of quartz veins. On surface in the northwestern part of the orebody, small faults cause horizontal offsets of a few feet on the veins, some of which are offset to the right by north- and northwest-striking faults and to the left by northeast-striking faults. Some ribboned, mineralized quartz veins in the adit show remarkable forms; some are like folded veins which either pinch out or are offset by or truncated against hairline fractures. These complicated displacements are apparently mainly of post- mineral age. Pre-mineral faults are not easy to identify. Possibly some of the prominent faults originated at this time, as is suggested by the apparent concentration of better- looking mineralization in the vicinity of many such faults in the drill core. Many of the wider quartz veins apparently follow shear fractures of pre-mineral age and contain bands, streaks, and vestigial layers of a dense fine-grained siliceous black or grey rock which, under the microscope, is resolved as siliceous fine-scale breccia or mylonite. The dark colour is shown by spectrographic analysis not to be due to molybdenite or other metallic minerals, and is probably due to graphite. Ore controls at Endako are far from clear, and there is as yet no explanation available for the location and form of the orebody. According to company plans LODE METALS 61 based primarily on the results of close-space drilling, mainly in vertical holes, the orebody trends west-northwestward, is about 5,000 feet long, and ranges in width from 500 to 1,200 feet. It extends in depth for as much as 500 feet, with mineralized sections occurring at yet greater depth. Open-pit preparation and construction work commenced in April and extended throughout the year. Men employed varied from a low of five to a peak of 400. The majority of men were employed by various contractors. The open-pit preparation consisted of the removal of over 1,000,000 cubic yards of overburden. Some assessment work and road work were done on various groups of claims. Fifty tons of bulk sampled ore was sent to Canadian Explorations Limited, Salmo, for metallurgical test work. Buildings such as those for primary crusher, secondary crusher, dry, warehouse, office, assay office, auxiliary power-house, maintenance-shop, and concentrator, for a 10,000-tons-per-day plant, were constructed. Installation of machinery commenced in November. Pumps, pipe-line, and tanks for water supply were constructed and installed. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 30-38.) (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Deer, Elk, Nu, Dis, Vancouver 1; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince George. Dat (Julian Mining B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. These Co. Ltd.)* groups consist altogether of about 74 claims which adjoin the northern and western boundaries of the Endako Mines Ltd. property. Work was done between August and November by a crew of seven under the direction of D. Petersen. It included geochemical surveys and 1,908 feet of diamond drilling in 22 holes, the majority of which were on the Nu and Elk groups to the west of the Endako mine. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 32.) (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Rob, Fran (Utica Street, Vancouver 5. G. L. Mill, president. The Rob and Mines Ltd.)! Fran groups consist of 28 recorded claims adjoining the western boundary of the Endako Mines Ltd. property and the southern boundary of the Elk group. Access to part of the property is by four- wheel-drive vehicle over 3 miles of logging-road leading west from the public road near the Nithi River resort, and to other parts of the property from near the Endako mine. During July and August, trenching and cutting of base-lines with a D-8 bulldozer tractor were done by a crew of two men supervised by R. G. Coutts. This work discovered molybdenite at localities which include one on or near the Fran 40 claim about 1 mile south-southwest of the Endako mine. When seen early in July, this locality contained disseminated molybdenite and more abundant pyrite in altered, fractured granite with chloritized biotite. Quartz veins were not in evidence, and the showing was on the east side of a northeasterly gully which may overlie a fault. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 32.) (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Bell (Julian Mining Vancouver 1; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince George. Co. Ltd.)! B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. In 1964 this company held 21 claims under option and two recorded claims in the Bell group adjoining the eastern boundary of the Endako Mines Ltd. property. Work was done from March to June by a crew of eight men under R. S. Adamson and included geophysical surveying and 2,180 feet of diamond drilling in 11 holes. The drill core, when briefly examined, showed that all the holes * By H. Bapty. t By H. Bapty and J. M. Carr. 62 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 intersected granite which is partly fresh and partly altered. In places the altered rock is mineralized with pyrite, molybdenite, and rare chalcopyrite. Dyke rocks include brown porphyry in hole No. 9 and lamprophyre in hole No. 3. Chloritic faults are apparently largely post-mineral in age. (See Ann. Rept., 1963, p. 35.) (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 661 Hornby Street, Van- MS (New Indian couver 1. T. E. Blossom, president; F. J. Hemsworth, con- Mines Ltd.)* suiting engineer. This group of nine recorded claims in the MS group lies on the south side of Highway No. 16, 4 miles west of Endako. Work commenced May 15th and continued until July 30th by a crew of two men. A soil-sampling survey was conducted. Transportation is by road vehicle. The property was not visited. (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 661 Hornby Street, Van- AX and BX (New couver 1. T. E. Blossom, president; F. J. Hemsworth, con- Indian Mines Ltd.)* suiting engineer. This group of recorded claims, including the AX 1-10 and the BX 1-8 as well as the AB fraction, lies adjacent to and south of Highway No. 16, 7 miles west of Endako and 1 mile south of the railway station of Savory. Work commenced May 15th and continued until July 30th by a crew of two men. A soil-sampling survey was conducted over the property. Transportation is by road vehicle. The property was not visited. (54° 125° S.E.) Company office, 661 Hornby Street, Van- VO (New Indian couver 1. T. E. Blossom, president; F. J. Hemsworth, con- Mines Ltd.)* suiting engineer. This group of recorded claims, VO 1-16, lies 5 miles north of Endako. Work commenced in May and continued until July by a crew of two men. A soil-sampling survey was conducted over the property. Transportation is by road vehicle over a mining-trail. The property was not visited. (54° 125° S.E. and 54° 124° S.W.) Company office, 844 Leo and Mo West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. F. A. McGonigle, presi- (Skeena Silver dent; H. L. Hill and F. L. C. Price, consulting engineers. Mines Ltd.)* The Leo group consists of 20 recorded claims northwest of Endako, and the Mo group consists of 20 recorded claims 5 miles southeast of Endako on the east side of the Stellako River. A crew of three men did about 200 feet of trenching in August on each of the Leo and Mo groups. Transportation was by truck over mining-trails. These claims were not visited. (See Ann. Rept., 1963, p. 35.) NITHI MOUNTAIN Molybdenum (53° 124° N.W.) This property consists of 122 recorded Molly, Pogo, Sandy, claims, of which 54 claims in the Enco and Scott groups are Linda, Ruff, Enco, owned by Navajo Mines Ltd. (company office, 800, 789 Scott (R & P Metals West Pender Street, Vancouver 1) and the remainder by Corporation Ltd. R & P Metals Corporation Ltd. (company office, 605, 1030 and Navajo Mines West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; A. Robertson, presi- Ltd.)! dent). Navajo Mines Ltd. is a newly formed company in which New Indian Mines Ltd. holds an interest. The prop- * By H. Bapty. t By J. M. Carr. LODE METALS 63 erty is on the western and southwestern slopes of Nithi Mountain, whose summit is at 4,435 feet elevation, and is accessible by 7 miles of dirt road leaving Highway No. 16 at Chowsunkut Lake turn-off near Fraser Lake village. Work from May to November was done by a crew averaging 10 men including drillers. It was supervised by R. C. Coutts and included road construction, trenching, stripping, and laying out of base-lines by bulldozer, soil-sampling, and 7,994 feet of diamond drilling in 14 holes, of which two were extended onto the adjoining Jen claims of Jodee Explorations Limited. A drillers' camp was established on the property in June. The property is underlain by several varieties of granite which belong to the Topley Intrusions and partly resemble granite at the Endako mine about 10 miles to the west, even to the occurrence of small resorbed xenoliths. Close to molybdenite showings on the Molly 1 and 2 claims and the Enco fractional claim, the granite is cut by an irregular northerly dyke of quartz porphyry, or rhyolite porphyry, which contains small quartz vugs and green and yellow uranium minerals but little or no molybdenite. About 2,500 feet farther south, near other molybdenite showings on the Molly 8 claim and the Enco 2 fractional claim, the same dyke or a similar one apparently turns southeastward and is cut by several green altered but unmineralized diabase dykes which trend mainly west-northwestward but also northward. Similar green post-mineral dykes occur 2,500 feet farther to the east-southeast on the Molly 9 claim. Quartz veins with molybdenite occur widely on these claims; they are mostly less than 1 inch thick, but some are larger and locally swell to thicknesses of as much as 2 feet. The strike of the veins is predominantly between north 55 degrees east and north 65 degrees east, and the dip is more often northerly than southerly, at moderate to steep angles. In some exposures the veins show complex minor dislocations comparable to those affecting veins in the Endako orebody. Molybdenite disseminations occur locally, mainly in strongly silicified, sericitized granite. Pyrite disseminations and fracture-fillings are of general occurrence; specularite occurs in places on shear surfaces. The mineralized granite is altered in much the same way as at the Endako mine. Plagioclase is partly chalky and partly greenish; orthoclase remains fresh and pink, and may locally in part be hydrothermal; and chlorite is present. Quartz and sericite together largely replace the granite adjacent to some veins, and rock altered in this way is commonly stained by manganese oxide. When the property was last visited in early August, seven widely spaced holes had been drilled, all vertically except for No. 7, which was inclined southward at minus 50 degrees. Molybdenite mineralization mainly below commercial grade was intersected in several holes. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 36.) (54° 124° S.W.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, KO (Julian Mining Vancouver 2; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince George. Co. Ltd.)* B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. The KO group of 12 recorded claims is on the northwestern slope of Nithi Mountain and adjoins the western boundary of the Enco group. Access is by the old " Burma " road from the Stellako River road. Work commenced September 15th and was completed by October 15th by a crew of two men under the guidance of D. Petersen. A magnetic survey was conducted over the claims, some geological mapping was done, and trenching was undertaken with the aid of a bulldozer. Transportation was by four-wheel-drive vehicle over mining trails. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1963, p. 36.) * By H. Bapty. 64 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 (54° 124° S.W.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Bat (Julian Mining Vancouver 2; field office, 1396 Fifth Avenue, Prince George. Co. Ltd.)* B. G. Gore, president; R. Macrae, engineer in charge. The Bat group of 34 recorded claims is near the KO group on the west slope of Nithi Mountain. Work commenced June 1st and was completed by June 15th by a crew of four men under the supervision of R. S. Adamson. Geochemical sampling was conducted over the claims, some geological mapping was done, and trenching was undertaken with the aid of a tractor bulldozer. Transportation was by land vehicle over mining-trails. The property was not visited. (53° 124° N.W.) Company office, 3100, 25 King Street Tip, Tan (Fort West, Toronto 1. J. A. Harquail, president; A. D. Wilmot, Reliance Minerals resident engineer, Kelowna. This company holds about seven Limited)! recorded claims and fractions named Tip and Tan which lie on the north slopes of Nithi Mountain northeast of the Molly and Ruff groups. In June, 1964, work was done by a small crew under A. D. Wilmot, consisting mainly of geological mapping and hand-trenching at a molybdenite showing discovered on the Tan 4 claim late in the previous season. This showing and others adjacent to it are a short distance east of the eastern corner of the Ruff 8 claim and are in well-jointed medium-grained altered granite which contains pyrite rather widely on fractures. Finer-grained granite a short distance farther north is also pyritized. At the showing, quartz with molybdenite occupies fractures largely of two sets striking north 60 degrees west and north 30 degrees east and dipping at moderate angles southwestward and northeastward respectively. The fractures are rather widely spaced. In one trench the intersection of these sets appeared to control the localization of coarsely disseminated molybdenite within a pencil-shaped body of orthoclase-enriched granite measuring about 10 feet in length northward and about 1 square foot in cross-section. Molybdic ochre was prominent on fractures in the vicinity of molybdenite. (54° 124° S.W.) This company, which is a wholly owned M.J.M. (Scope subsidiary of Alscope Consolidated Ltd. (company office, Development 549 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; N. Martini, president; V. M. Ltd.)! Prescott, secretary-treasurer), holds 10 claims in the M.J.M. group partly adjoining the eastern boundary of the Tip group at about 2,800 feet elevation on the north side of Nithi Mountain. The claims were acquired in 1964 from Marvin Scheuerman and M. and J. Bibby and are partly a relocation of the Tobby claims. Access is by about 4 miles of dirt road from the Chowsunkut Lake turn-off on Highway No. 16. A small crew under R. S. Addison prospected the ground in June and discovered one or more small occurrences of molybdenite. An occurrence examined by the writer is about 700 feet east of the road, on the south slope of a granite ridge situated between linear gullies that trend slightly north of east, parallel to the general direction of glacial advance in the area. A few closely spaced quartz veins a fraction of 1 inch wide strike eastward and dip steeply to the north in scarcely altered, fairly coarsely grained granite and contain small amounts of specularite and traces of molybdenite. Pyrite is sparingly disseminated in the granite here and elsewhere on the ridge. * By H. Bapty. t By .1. M. Carr. Gold LODE METALS 65 CARIBOO Wells-Barkerville (53° 121° S.W.) Company office, 675 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2; Aurum (The mine office, Wells. J. Royden Morris, president; Marcel Cariboo Gold Guiguet, general manager; Charles McNeil, mine superin- Quartz Mining tendent; J. J. Stone, mill superintendent. Capital: 4,000,- Company 000 shares, $1 par value. This company operates the Aurum Limited)* mine on the east side of Island Mountain. The mine is adja cent to the community of Wells and is 51 miles by road from Quesnel. The mine has been in production since 1934 and has been operated by the present company since 1954. It is developed from a main haulage adit at the 4,000-foot level, from which a three compartment internal shaft 1,450 feet deep is sunk. Eleven levels have been developed from the Aurum shaft. The following is a summary of development work done during 1964:— Ft. Drifting and crosscutting 6,542 Raising 1,041 Box-holes and sub-drifts 281 Diamond drilling 22,612 Test-holes (jackleg and ribbon steel) 12,384 A total of 29,630 tons of ore was milled, yielding 19,867 ounces of gold and 3,816 ounces of silver. An average crew of 113 men was employed. (See Annual Report, 1962, pp. 19-20.) LAC LA HACHE Big Timothy (Takomkane) Mountain (52° 120° S.W.) Molybdenum British Columbia office, 1050 Davie Street, Vancouver 5; Boss Mountain mine office, Box 247, 100 Mile House. L. R. Redford, (Noranda Mines, manager; W. G. Clarke, mine superintendent; J. Austin, Limited, Boss mill superintendent; A. Ozols, plant superintendent; R. C. Mountain Heim, geologist. The property comprises 11 Crown-granted Division)! and 114 recorded claims. The mine is on the east slope of Big Timothy (Takomkane) Mountain, about 35 air miles northeast of 100 Mile House, from which it is reached by 57 miles of road via Forest Grove and Canim Lake. From Canim (Eagle) Creek on the north shore of Canim Lake, the Hendrix Creek forest access road is followed to Hendrix Lake, where a townsite has been laid out, and from which 6 miles of company road leads to the camp at about 5,050 feet elevation. An additional mile of road leads on to the surface showings on and near Molybdenite Creek, at approximately 5,500 feet elevation. The access and general layout are shown on Figure 8. The original discovery of molybdenite was made in 1917. A large number of strippings, trenches, pits, and open cuts were made by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, in the 1930's, principally on the Southwest vein zone, in which two short adits were driven. In 1942 the British Columbia Department of Mines did 1,363 feet of X-ray diamond drilling in the main breccia orebody. In 1955 H. H. Huestis and associates acquired the Crown-granted claims at tax sale, and the following year located 94 additional claims. From 1956 to * By W. C. Robinson. t By G. E. P. Eastwood. 66 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Figure 8. Index map, Boss Mountain mine. 1960 the property was held under option by Climax Molybdenum Company, its successor, American Metal Climax Inc., and a subsidiary, Southwest Potash Corporation, who are reported to have done 37,000 feet of diamond drilling, in addition to considerable trenching. In 1961 the property was acquired by Noranda Exploration Company Limited. Geochemical surveys were made, and additional diamond drilling and trenching were done. In 1962-63 a mile-long adit at 5,045 feet elevation and a raise from it to surface at 5,488 feet were driven. In 1964, 4,897 feet of crosscutting and drifting and 1,246 feet of raising were done in preparation for mining the Main breccia orebody and the Fracture orebody. Stope preparation included 31,000 feet of longhole drilling and the stockpiling of 11,000 tons of ore. In 1964 there were under construction a 1,000-tons-per-day mill just below the portal, an office building and other permanent buildings nearby, and a Panabode bunkhouse and cafeteria for 40 men on a site about 1,000 feet north of the portal. A large area adjacent to the south end of Hendrix Lake was filled for a townsite, and construction of 30 houses was begun. A water pipe-line route from Hendrix LODE METALS 67 Lake to the camp and mill was laid out. Right-of-way was cleared and erection began of a 66,000-volt transmission-line to the townsite and camp. Diamond drilling totalled 12,965 feet, of which some 3,000 feet was from surface, in the Southwest vein zone, and the balance from underground. The company employed an average of 40 men underground, 40 on surface, and 28 on staff. The several contractors employed as many as 200 men. Mine Workings The main haulageway is an adit crosscut at 5,045 feet elevation, driven 5,600 feet almost due west from the portal to the vicinity of the orebodies. It curves into a main drift which passes along the northeast side of the Main breccia and Fracture orebodies and continues beyond them to the northwest (see Fig. 9). Several crosscuts pass through the orebodies, along the southwest side of which a drift was being driven in 1964. The southerly of two raises leads to the 5085 sublevel in the Main breccia orebody. The northerly raise, in the Fracture orebody, leads to the 5280 level drift. A vertical raise from this drift leads to surface at 5,488 feet elevation and is equipped with two exhaust fans. In addition to these main workings, there are three old adits and many trenches, pits, and open cuts on the property (see Fig. 9). No. 1 adit, driven into the right bank of the most westerly tributary of Molybdenite Creek, is caved. Nos. 2 and 3 adits are in the Southwest vein zone. No. 2 extends 10 feet from an open cut, and No. 3 is caved. In the earlier work on the property a large number of openings were made by hand in the Southwest vein zone. Fourteen old trenches were found above No. 1 adit, just off the area of Figure 9. Since 1956 many trenches have been excavated by bulldozer in the vicinity of the present orebodies and on the hillside and ridge nose to the east. Geography The location of the camp and townsite are shown on Figure 9. A low ridge separates the deep valley of Hendrix Lake and Creek from a broad trench along the eastern foot of Big Timothy Mountain. Boss Creek enters this trench 3 miles south of the camp and flows toward Canim Lake, and Molybdenite Creek enters it just north of the camp and flows toward Horsefly Lake. The mill-site, portal, and camp are about 200 feet above the trench and the tailings pond will be on the trench floor on the Boss Creek drainage. The east slope of the mountain rises gently to moderately to about 6,000 feet elevation, above which several rock bluffs, particularly around the head of Molybdenite Creek, provide most of the good rock exposure in the area. Elsewhere the bedrock is mantled with a thin to thick cover of till, and natural exposures are small and scarce below 6,000 feet. The bedrock beneath the till is weathered to a depth of several tens of feet, so that exposures provided by road cuts and trenches are rubbly and difficult to study. The principal stream in the mine area is Molybdenite Creek. Three small tributaries are useful for reference, and are designated west, middle, and east creeks on Figure 9. The slopes are timbered, mainly with balsam fir, to about 6,500 feet elevation. Underbrush is generally light. The mine area has a fairly heavy snowfall, and the ground is usually snow-covered from early October to mid-June. The summers are short, cool, and windy. The mountain, 7,057 feet in elevation, is visible from vantage points along the Cariboo Road, and was early known as Big Timothy. In the 1920's a surveyor 68 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Seal 200 0 300 400 Feet vAA] Quartz diorite Adit 10.00 ON LEGEND 'Northeast limit of molybdenite mineralization exposed on surface Quartz breccia ^^^_5"Fracture" orebody ■2 Rock breccia Figure 9. Geology of Boss Mountain mine area. LODE METALS 69 erroneously identified it as Boss Mountain, which actually lies 16 miles to the east. The survey monument on the summit was named Boss, and the property came to be called Boss Mountain. Because of the confusion with Mount Timothy, 20 miles to the southwest, and with Boss Mountain, the Geographic Board in 1938 adopted the Indian name Takomkane. In 1961 the name was officially changed to Big Timothy. Outline of Geology The regional geology has been mapped by R. B. Campbell for the Geological Survey. Early reports on the property were prepared for the Department of Mines by J. S. Stevenson inl940 and 1942 and by A. Sutherland Brown in 1957. F. M. Vokes described the property for the Geological Survey in 1958. The present report derives from a two-month structural study of the mineralized area. The mineralization is in the northeast part of a batholith which intrudes Meso- zoic volcanic rocks and is overlain on the north and west by Miocene flows. In the mine area the batholithic rock is quartz diorite, although Sutherland Brown has described monzonite and syenodiorite south and west of the mountain summit, and there appears to be a dioritic or gabbroic border zone in contact with the Mesozoic volcanic rocks. The quartz diorite has been intruded by an array of irregular dykes and a granite stock, injected by several systems of veins, broken by various fractures and faults, and has been locally brecciated and locally mineralized. Rock alteration is slight. Mineralization by molybdenite, quartz, and pyrite appears to focus on an irregular body of brecciated rock. Disseminated pyrite appears to form a halo, 1 to l1/- miles across, roughly concentric with the breccia body, which is about 700 feet across. Quartz veins appear to increase in number toward the breccia body. Most of the molybdenite appears to be in a relatively narrow irregular ring around the body, occurring in some of the quartz veins and as seams in the rock. It also occurs in parts of the breccia body itself. Sporadic molybdenite has been found outside this ring, but there it does not seem to form either local concentrations of appreciable size or a large aggregate amount. The breccia typically is a jumbled mass of fragments of quartz diorite and dyke rocks, set firmly in a sparing fine-grained matrix that appears largely to be comminuted quartz diorite. In two relatively small sections of the breccia, abundant quartz has been introduced between the fragments, forming what are known as the Main and South quartz breccia bodies. The remainder of the breccia, which has had little or no quartz introduced between the fragments, is known as rock breccia. Much, though not all, of the quartz breccia has been well mineralized with molybdenite, forming the Main and South breccia orebodies. Near the Main breccia orebody a section of the veined and seamed country rock has been found to be of ore grade and is known as the Fracture orebody. A large and rather complex vein farther out in the country rock contains relatively abundant molybdenite and is known as the High Grade vein. Much of the early work on the property was concentrated on a long, narrow zone of mineralized quartz veins southwest of the breccia, but an orebody has not been demonstrated there. The mine area has had a rather long and complex history, and the geologic conditions that led to the mineralization are not altogether clear. A number of inferences can be drawn from space and time relations with the various intrusions, veins, and structures, but some events were apparently too distant or too late to have had any appreciable effect on mineralization. Most of the age relationships are reasonably well established, but some are less than conclusive and a few are 70 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 unknown. The following geologic time-table is therefore partly tentative. Most of the vein types form a clear-cut sequence, which is used for relative dating of mineralization, structures, and some intrusions. Absence of this sequence of veins from the granite stock suggests, but does not prove, that the stock is younger. The breccias appear on balance to be younger than banded veins and molybdenite- bearing slips, and older than the other veins. The buff dykes and older lamprophyres preceded all of the veins, but their ages relative to each other were not determined. The relatively rare grey dykes and aplites are known only to be post quartz diorite. tentative geologic timetable Rocks Veins Structure Muck and alluvium. Till. Takomkane basalt. Calcite veinlets. Lamprophyre II. Quartz-pyrite in granite. Gouge zones. Soft, kaolinic zones. Slips and tight shears. Granite stock. G=calcite-zeolite. QS with molybdenite II. FZ with some molybdenite II. A and F with minor molybdenite II. Q=thick, barren quartz. Open shears; some gouge and breccia zones. Most shear zones; some gouge and breccia zones. Some shear zones. QUARTZ BRECCIA. Pink porphyry. Molybdenite I seams and veinlets ROCK BRECCIA. in slips. Slips. Banded veins with molybdenite I. Some flat shear zones. Buff dykes. Grey dykes. Lamprophyre I. Aplite. BATHOLITHIC QUARTZ DIORITE. Dioritic xenoliths. (Mesozoic volcanics east of the batholith.) Rocks The quartz diorite is uniform in colour and texture over a considerable area, but locally it shows some variations. It consists of coarse-grained light-grey to very pale-pink plagioclase and minor quartz, speckled with greenish-black hornblende or with biotite. Locally in the north part of the 5045 level drift, ferro- magnesian minerals are scarce, and the rock is almost white. Locally on surface in the general mine area, and more generally to the south, the quartz diorite is medium grained. At the intersections of some fractures and along some veins the plagioclase of the quartz diorite is more or less replaced by orthoclase. The ferro- magnesian minerals outline a faint steep foliation. In and near the mine the quartz diorite contains thinly scattered xenoliths of medium-grained dark-grey dioritic rock. They range from a few inches to nearly 2 feet across. LODE METALS 71 The dykes include lamprophyre of two ages; buff-coloured bodies of felsite, quartz porphyry, and quartz feldspar porphyry; pink porphyry; aplite; and a dark-grey andesitic-looking rock. The lamprophyres and buff dykes are by far the commonest. These small bodies are called dykes because most of them appear tabular and are up to 20 feet thick, but some are highly irregular. Aplites and grey dykes are from 1 to 5 feet thick. The thicker tabular bodies are essentially vertical, but some of the thinner ones dip at angles as low as 30 degrees. Preferred strikes are apparent only among the lamprophyres, the older dykes tending to strike northwestward and the younger westward. The aplite is finely sugary, and looks like a fine-grained variety of the quartz diorite. Some dykes contain notably large mafic crystals. The aplite has not been seen in contact with other dyke rocks, and its early age assignment is based on the assumption that it is a late injection of the quartz diorite proper. The lamprophyres are fine-grained greenish-black to black rocks. The older and younger lamprophyres are generally not distinguishable in themselves. The older lamprophyres are injected by all the veins, and one was observed to be transected by a dyke of pink porphyry. The younger lamprophyres, on the other hand, transect all the veins except some very small calcite veinlets, and some intrude the granite stock. The fine-grained grey dyke rock is most commonly seen as small fragments in rock and quartz breccia, but two larger bodies, plugs, or large fragments were seen north of the cabin, and two dykes are exposed in bulldozer trenches, just east of the limit of molybdenite mineralization on surface. The dykes contain prominent needles of black amphibole and in thin-section are seen to be quartz andesite. In relative age they are known only to be post quartz diorite and pre breccia. Possibly they are variants of the older lamprophyre. The buff dykes are grouped together because of their general similarity and because there is no reason to believe that they differ in age. They are dense creamy buff felsites that weather buff or light brown, or porphyries which are identical, except that they contain phenocrysts of quartz or quartz and feldspar. A buff dyke in the adit crosscut near the west contact of the granite contains also phenocrysts of amphibole. These buff intrusives have locally contributed abundant fragments to the rock breccia. They are post quartz diorite and pre vein. The pink porphyry consists of quartz and a few feldspar phenocrysts in a pale- to light-pink aphanitic groundmass. It contains almost no ferromagnesian minerals. It is post older lamprophyre, and its relations with rock breccia are equivocal. A granite stock is traversed by the adit crosscut, its west contact being 230 feet east of Figure 9. It is reported to be exposed on surface east of the area shown and to plunge southwest. It is a coarse-grained rock, green near the west contact but red farther east. It is much broken by shear and gouge zones, but the only veins that it contains consist of quartz and pyrite. Similar quartz-pyrite veins have not been observed outside the granite. The west contact of the stock is a wide breccia zone, which involves quartz diorite and granite. Because the granite contains neither molybdenite nor the types of vein that occur abundantly in the quartz diorite, nor dykes other than lamprophyre, it is probably younger than all of them. The Takomkane olivine basalt was not examined by the writer. It consists of a cinder cone with breached crater and a small lava flow, of pre-glacial or inter- glacial age. 72 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Veins and Structures The rocks adjacent to the breccias have been injected by a great many narrow veins and a few wider ones. Most of the veins contain quartz, but some consist entirely of calcite and zeolites, and some very narrow ones appear to consist entirely of molybdenite. The extremes in thickness are 0.04 inch and 3 feet, but most of the veins are from 0.1 to 4 inches thick. The veins tend to be persistent, those thicker than an inch being generally more than 20 feet long, and two 4-inch veins were traced for more than 80 feet. In a general way the veins seem to decrease in number away from the breccias. For instance, the incidence of veins thicker than 0.5 inch is 20.8 per 100 feet of working in the Shop area and adjacent part of the adit crosscut and is 13.3 in the south drift, but is 12.1 in the main drift north of the Main quartz breccia body and 6.7 between the most easterly crosscut and the west contact of the granite. Thinner veins were not mapped, but seemed to decrease in number even more sharply. Near the portal only three veins were found in a 100-foot section of the adit. On surface the decrease is not as well established, because the exposures are scattered and the veins are less readily seen in the rubbly trenches, but distant outcrops of solid bedrock appear to contain very few veins. The incidence of veins in the rock breccia and quartz breccia is highly variable, but probably is generally less than in adjacent quartz diorite. Several systems of veins are differentiated on the bases of mineralogy, texture, internal structure, relation to other structures, and relative age. A few veins are difficult to place in the sequence, but most have well-defined characteristics. Relative ages were determined from displacement of one vein on another and, less commonly, from interruption of one vein by another. The sequence is shown in the time-table, and the individual systems are described below. Structures include various kinds of breaks and some soft kaolinic zones. In view of their special significance, the breccias are described separately below. All of the veins have probably formed along breaks, and where vein terminations are exposed the veins are seen to pinch out in fractures which continue for a few inches or a few feet beyond. The breaks include simple fractures, slips, shear zones, and gouge and breccia zones. Simple fractures are rarely apparent, except as feather ends of veins and shear zones, but they may have been the most numerous of the breaks. Slips are small but fairly numerous and are important as carriers of molybdenite. Shear zones are larger and less numerous, and many of them contain no vein material, although a large modifiied shear zone is host to the High Grade vein. Gouge and breccia zones are the largest and least common of the breaks, and they rarely contain vein material. Many of the breaks displace older structures, and some of the shear zones show evidence of repeated movement. The ages of shear zones in the time-table refer therefore to discernible ages of movement relative to the vein sequence rather than to ages of initiation of the shear zones. The amount of movement ranges from a fraction of an inch to 20 feet or more, and is generally much less on the simple fractures and slips than on the shear and gouge and breccia zones. The slips appear in section as dark bands in the rock, and where they form part of the wall of the working they appear as polished, planar, dark-green surfaces. In detail, a central fracture with polished walls is flanked by about a millimetre of dark-green mylonite. The slips commonly persist for 5 to 15 feet. A few pass into quartz-bearing veins, but most die out in rock at both ends. A majority appear to have steep dips, but no preferred strike is evident. In the north part of the main LODE METALS 73 drift there are several sheeted zones, each about 5 feet wide, consisting of close- spaced parallel slips, striking about north 80 degrees east, and vertical or dipping steeply south. The molybdenite seams in the slips are 1 to 2 millimetres thick and persist for distances between 1 and 10 feet. They appear macroscopically to consist entirely of molybdenite, but it is reported that a little quartz has been seen in them under the microscope. The molybdenite is fine grained. The shear zones are characterized by appreciable thickness, anastomosing surfaces of parting, schistose material, and in part by introduced quartz. Most are from 5 to 12 inches thick, but thicker and thinner ones are present. They are long, and none was traceable for its entire length in the mine workings. In a few places tight shear zones were seen to terminate in the wall or back of a working. Some feather out as bundles of simple fractures which are separated by unsheared rock, and die out in a foot or two. Others narrow to simple fractures which grow progressively fainter over several feet, to the point where they are no longer discernible. Most of the shear zones dip steeply and strike between north and east. The thicker ones tend to dip north at moderate angles and strike eastward. The shear zones consist typically of schistose rock, but some contain quartz veins, and a few of the thicker ones contain lenses of non-schistose rock. The schistose material appears chloritic, but other minerals are doubtless present and may predominate. The non-schistose lenses are dark and resemble fragmented lamprophyre. The three thickest shear zones found are in lamprophyre dykes. One is host to the High Grade vein and is described under orebodies. The other two are at the north end of the Shop area and consist of green mud, schist, fragments, and softened rock, into which quartz and minor molybdenite have been injected. The zones are 2V_ to 4 feet thick, and the main quartz veins are 12 to 14 inches thick. Molybdenite forms thin lenses and isolated crystals along the walls of the main veins. The quartz veins in shear zones are designated by the abbreviation QS in the time-table. They are thought to have formed late in the vein sequence because one of them has been injected into a shear zone that displaces two FZ veins, and because the quartz, and molybdenite where present, are coarse grained. Also, at least one of these veins contains a little calcite. It is possible, however, that the QS veins may not all be of the same age. Typical gouge and breccia zones lack the coherence of typical shear zones, and they do not appear chloritic. They range from mud seams a fraction of an inch thick to zones more than 10 feet wide. The thicker zones consist predominantly of muddy breccia—more or less coherent fragments of rock separated by mud seams. Virtually all of these zones are water bearing. They were probably initiated late in the sequence of veins and structures, judging by the general absence of chlorite and vein minerals. Gouge zones in the granite were probably initiated still later. Here and there in the quartz diorite, and more commonly in the granite, there are zones of soft kaolinic material which spalls readily at the touch of a pick. The soft material is damp but oozes little water. The zones are 5 to 15 feet wide, of unknown length, and have various attitudes. Some veins are cut off by them, and the only veins occurring in them are quartz-pyrite veins in granite. If the kaolinic zones all developed at the same time, they are post granite. Banded Veins.—The banded veins consist of quartz, chlorite, and molybdenite. Most of them are characterized by seams or films of fine-grained chlorite or molybdenite along the walls, or within the vein and parallel to the walls. The quartz is 74 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 generally fine grained and distinctly grey, and contrasts with medium- to coarsegrained white quartz in younger veins. A few narrow grey veins show no banding, and some well-banded veins are almost white; these appear to be variants of the more characteristic ones. Banded veins thinner than a half inch are generally short and show little preferred orientation, whereas thicker veins are longer and more inclined to parallelism. Most veins thicker than an inch can be traced for 20 feet or more, they strike mostly between north 37 degrees east and north 55 degrees east, and they dip between 60 degrees northwest and 80 degrees southeast. The smaller veins tend to interconnect with the larger, and where they are abundant, as in the Shop area, they form a skimpy stockwork. The fractures along which the interconnecting veins were injected can perhaps be regarded as forming an indistinct shatter zone. Many of the banded veins may have developed along narrow shear zones. The two thin-sections made of banded veins show country rock more or less comminuted alongside the vein, and tongues, wisps, and ragged remnants of this ground-up rock in the vein. Clearly, these two veins have developed in crush zones, and apparently they have formed at least partly by replacement. Generally, veins thinner than a half inch do not show macroscopic internal banding, and the chlorite and molybdenite are restricted to lensy seams about 0.5 millimetre thick along the vein walls. The thicker veins show also internal seams of chlorite and molybdenite that are generally less than 0.2 millimetre thick and are rarely spaced closer than 3 millimetres. The internal seams extend for 6 inches to possibly as much as 10 feet, and pinch out in tight fractures in the quartz. It seems clear that the quartz of the thicker veins was refractured parallel to the vein walls. The two veins sectioned are thin and do not show macroscopic banding. Under the microscope, however, one of them displays several persistent fractures through rock wisps and vein quartz, and shows that the reason they are not macroscopically visible is that they lack chlorite or appreciable sulphides. The molybdenite content of the seams varies with the location of a banded vein. Near the breccia bodies the seams are mostly or entirely molybdenite, but in veins farther away the seams are mostly chlorite. Since, in addition, the banded veins decrease in number away from the breccia bodies, their contribution to the total molybdenite mineralization falls off sharply. The banded veins are offset on the slips and all other veins, and are therefore the oldest veins in the mine. In some cases the offset is slight, but the grey banded veins are clearly interrupted by the other veins. The relative age of the seams within the veins is less certain. Some are sharply cut off at contacts with younger veins, but others pinch out rather raggedly an inch or two from the contact. The fractures in which the seams lie nowhere extend into a younger vein, but rather are abruptly truncated or are pinched off at the contact. The molybdenite seams in banded veins are thought to be older than other quartz veins, but they may be of the same age as molybdenite seams in slips in the rock. The grey colour appears to be caused largely by pyrite dust in the quartz. It probably is somewhat enhanced by shadowing caused by abundant microfractures. Q veins are thick, do not follow shear zones, and consist entirely of coarsegrained quartz. They are much less common than other types of veins, occurring sporadically in and near the quartz breccia. They appear to be slightly younger than the matrix quartz of the breccia, and one of them is sliced by a shear zone that is in turn crossed by an F vein. A and F veins consist of quartz or quartz and orthoclase. They do not follow shear zones and contain no open spaces. The quartz is white, medium grained, and LODE METALS 75 granular. Minor medium-grained molybdenite occurs along the walls of some of the veins. These veins offset banded veins and molybdenite-bearing slips and traverse quartz breccia. The A veins consist entirely of quartz, are rather uniformly 0.75 to 1 inch thick, and are vertical or steeply dipping. The F veins consist of quartz and orthoclase, range in thickness from 0.25 to 4 inches, and dip at angles ranging from 15 to 75 degrees. The ratio of orthoclase to quartz appears inversely proportional to thickness in any one vein, and the ratio varies from vein to vein for a given thickness. For example, where the vein is three-quarters of an inch or less it commonly consists entirely of orthoclase, but as the vein thickens quartz appears in the central part and orthoclase is restricted to a ragged band of crystals along each margin. If and where the vein attains 1V_ inches there is commonly no orthoclase in it, although adjacent plagioclase in the quartz diorite may be largely replaced by orthoclase for one-half inch from the vein wall. Evidence was not found concerning the ages of A and F veins relative to each other, and they are provisionally placed in the same age bracket. The FZ veins consist characteristically of quartz, orthoclase, and zeolites, and commonly contain also coarse-grained pyrite and molybdenite. Some veins contain a litde calcite and chlorite. Like the F veins, they tend to consist entirely of orthoclase where they thin out. Unlike the older veins, however, they are commonly vuggy. The quartz is white, coarse grained, and somewhat cross-fibred. The veins are 1V_ to 3 inches at their widest, and dip at angles less than 25 degrees. They are much less common than the banded veins and the A and F veins near the breccia bodies, but they do not decrease nearly as sharply away from the breccias. Their molybdenite content however decreases markedly. They are thought to be somewhat younger than the F veins, largely on the basis of their mineralogy and texture, and they are older than some of the quartz veins along shear zones, for they are displaced by the shear zones. G veins consist of calcite and zeolites, and rarely contain a little molybdenite. They are characteristically cavernous and heavily water bearing. A cavity along the wall of one vein is 10 inches across. They occupy fissures on which the other veins have been faulted. Some have been laminated, slipped, and slickensided by renewed movement. The veins themselves, neglecting cavities, are commonly one- quarter to three-quarters of an inch thick. They generally dip within 10 degrees of vertical and strike approximately northeast. Six quartz-pyrite veins in granite were mapped in 200 feet of adit crosscut. They are from 0.5 to 1 inch thick, they strike about north 25 degrees east and dip 50 to 70 degrees southeast. Two consist entirely of pyrite, the rest of pyrite and quartz. Some are vuggy. Since the other veins have not been found in the granite, it is tentatively concluded that the granite is younger than all of them, and the quartz-pyrite veins are necessarily younger still. The vuggy pyrite-bearing veins resemble the FZ veins in texture, but lack the variety of minerals and could not reasonably be correlated with them. Rock Breccia and Quartz Breccia Rock breccia is brecciated rock showing little or no quartz between fragments, whereas quartz breccia is brecciated rock showing abundant quartz between fragments. The rock breccia is a hard coherent rock consisting of more or less angular fragments of quartz diorite and the various dyke rocks, set in a sparing matrix of relatively fine-grained grey rock. The rock breccia differs from the breccia zones 76 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 described above in that it is a rock the fragments of which are firmly held together by the matrix and do not fall apart when the breccia is exposed in the wall of the working. It also differs from the same breccia zones in occurring as an irregular body that is not tabular or notably elongated in any particular direction. It differs from quartz breccia in that the matrix is minor grey rock rather than abundant white quartz. In the rock breccia the fragments of dyke rocks are outlined sharply against the matrix, and where abundant they show that fragments predominate over matrix —that is, the matrix between fragments is thin. The dyke fragments are not distributed uniformly, but rather are common in some parts and are rare or lacking in others. It is not known whether they do or do not occur in any definite pattern in the rock breccia. Rock breccia containing fragments of quartz diorite alone has been found in several diamond-drill cores and several clean, solid outcrops along Molybdenite Creek, and it may be at least as common as rock breccia containing also fragments of dyke rocks. However, quartz diorite fragments are rarely discernible in the usual rubbly trench exposures, and rock breccia can be identified there only if it contains dyke fragments. The rock breccia is therefore difficult to outline, and can be shown only roughly on Figure 9. Locally on and near Molybdenite Creek, contacts that could be mapped between rock breccia and unbrecciated quartz diorite appeared irregular. The quartz diorite fragments commonly show vague contacts with the matrix, and in thin-section this is seen to be due to a scattering of small fragments of quartz diorite through the matrix near the larger fragment. The matrix is composed of the same minerals as the quartz diorite, although biotite is rather more common and is apparently responsible for the darker colour of the matrix. Typical matrix is rather uniformly fine grained and shows a distinct elongation of minerals parallel to contacts with adjacent larger fragments. In other words, there appears to be a foliation in the matrix that tends to wrap around the larger fragments. Tongues of the matrix extend into the larger quartz diorite fragments. The matrix appears largely to be comminuted quartz diorite in which the smallest fragments have been recrystallized. Fragments of the felsic dykes show litde or no change, but fragments of lamprophyre are commonly recrystallized to medium-grained hornblendite. The fragments most commonly seen range up to 12 inches across, but a few fragments 2 feet across were found, and the maximum size is not known. The larger fragments are of quartz diorite and are seen less readily than dyke fragments, therefore they may be more common than present observations indicate. The underground workings have not entered the main mass of rock breccia. A band of breccia in the south drift may perhaps be an offshoot of it but more probably is an older breccia zone. The band is about a foot thick, strikes north 27 degrees west through unbrecciated quartz diorite, and dips 77 degrees northeast. It consists of quartz diorite fragments set firmly in a matrix similar to that in typical rock breccia. It is crossed by a banded vein and contains a concordant waterbearing G vein. Evidently the breccia was healed prior to injection of the banded vein. The thinness of the band and its uniform width and attitude across the drift suggest that it is a breccia zone similar to but much older than the breccia zones described in the preceding section. Quartz breccia consists essentially of a matrix of vein quartz in which are embedded fragments of quartz diorite and dyke rocks. It differs from the rock breccia LODE METALS 77 only in having the fragments enclosed in abundant quartz instead of sparing grey rock. The quartz generally constitutes about a quarter of the rock-mass. The quartz breccia occurs as two separate bodies, known as the Main and South breccia bodies, aligned on a north 35 degrees west axis. The Main body only is shown on Figure 9. It is exposed in the banks of Molybdenite Creek, in several trenches, and in the underground workings. The South body is blind, being overlain by rock breccia, and has not been entered by the mine workings. It is known from diamond drilling to lie about 300 feet southeast of the Main body, and is reported to be 220 feet long by as much as 120 feet wide. The following discussion applies only to the Main quartz breccia body. This body is enclosed by unbrecciated quartz diorite on three sides. The southeast end is in contact with rock breccia at surface and has not been exposed underground. The body is roughly elliptical, with tongues extending into the quartz diorite on the northwest. Omitting the tongues, it is about 400 feet long, and widens from 120 feet at surface to about 180 feet on the 5045 level. The southwest contact is essentially vertical, and the northeast contact dips steeply outward. The plunge appears to be essentially vertical. The contacts are most clearly seen underground. The main northeast contact and the contacts of the tongues are sharp and vein-like against the quartz diorite. A continuous, essentially planar band of white quartz is in contact with the quartz diorite, and rock fragments appear in the quartz from 2 to 4 inches from the contact. Some 6 to 8 inches from the contact the quartz breccia attains its characteristic pattern of fragments of various sizes isolated from each other by white quartz. The southwest contact, as exposed in the south drift, is gradational in that it is not marked by a continuous band of quartz, but rather by fingers of matrix quartz pinching out among semi-detached blocks of quartz diorite. On the 5085 sublevel, part of the southwest contact is obscured by a dense pale-coloured rock that ramifies among the fragments, taking the place of the white quartz, and irregularly intrudes the unbrecciated quartz diorite. This rock appears variously violet-brown, lavender, and pink, and in part contains small quartz phenocrysts; it may be a variant of the pink porphyry. The contact is further obscured by a narrow irregular stock- work of white quartz veins. These veins have been injected into lavender porphyry and quartz diorite, but are not distinguishable from matrix quartz where they enter quartz breccia. It is not clear whether the stockwork represents a penetration of matrix quartz into fractures in the unbrecciated rock or a distinctly later injection. The contact between quartz breccia and rock breccia is poorly exposed in one bulldozer pit. Several small rock surfaces, isolated from each other by extensive rubble, suggest a transition zone perhaps 20 feet wide in which the quartz between the fragments decreases to almost nil. To the southeast, sporadic quartz occurs between some fragments, but the rock is essentially rock breccia rather than quartz breccia. Dyke fragments are sparingly and more or less uniformly distributed through the central part of the Main quartz breccia body, but not in the marginal parts. For example, on the west part of 5085 sublevel a narrow band of the breccia contains abundant lamprophyre fragments and is flanked by breccia containing no lamprophyre fragments. Some exposures of the marginal parts of the breccia show only quartz diorite fragments. It is suggested here that movement of fragments may have been negligible near the boundaries of the body, but that the average total translation increased toward the centre. The amount of rotation of the fragments, as distinct from translation, may have been slight. Where the attitude of the weak foliation in fragments of quartz diorite could be measured, it was essentially parallel to the weak foliation in unbrec- 78 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 ciated quartz diorite. However, attitudes in fragments in the centre of the body were not measured. The age of the breccias relative to each other and to dykes and veins is not a simple matter. The breccias have evidently been produced by a combination of processes including brecciation, reconsolidation of the grey matrix, and rather localized introduction of quartz. The brecciation itself was clearly not one simple, single event, but rather a process of some duration. Pink porphyry ramifies through rock breccia in some exposures and occurs as fragments in the breccia in others. Apparently the process consisted of two or more pulses of brecciation separated by a quiescent interval in which the porphyry crystallized. The duration of any one or all of these processes is not known, and there are some indications that they may have overlapped. A fragment of molybdenite- bearing quartz in rock breccia may suggest some localized fragmentation after introduction of the matrix quartz. The general lack in the quartz breccia of the sparing grey matrix characteristic of the rock breccia, and the abundance of matrix quartz, together indicate that the quartz has replaced the grey matrix, and possibly also part of the rock fragments. This replacement took place much more readily in two parts of the rock breccia than elsewhere, producing the quartz breccia bodies. In other words, movement of the quartz-forming fluids appears to have been much freer in these two parts, suggesting that the rock structure was more open. Either the grey matrix had not been fully reconsolidated there or the rock breccia was there rebrec- ciated prior to introduction of the fluids. In summary, the breccias and pink porphyry were apparently produced by several processes operating at various times within a certain interval of unknown duration. Of the other dyke rocks, the younger lamprophyre traverses quartz breccia and is obviously younger than the breccias. The older lamprophyre is pre-pink porphyry, and has contributed abundant fragments to the breccias. The buff dykes and grey dykes have also contributed many fragments to the breccias, and nowhere have been found to intrude or ramify through them; they therefore appear to be distinctly older rather than more or less contemporaneous with the processes of brecciation and quartz injection. The granite is deduced from indirect evidence to have been intruded long after these processes ceased. The balance of evidence presently available indicates that the interval of brecciation and injection of matrix quartz followed the formation of banded veins and molybdenite-filled slips, and preceded injection of all other veins. F, QS, and G veins traverse quartz breccia and are clearly younger. The Q and A veins appear from a distance to traverse the quartz breccia, but at close range the vein quartz and matrix quartz are indistinguishable, and no contact is visible between them. The impression of planar walls to the Q and A veins is given by aligned flat sides of rock fragments. Commonly, also, two rock fragments on opposite sides of a vein can be matched, and were clearly one fragment that has been split by the vein. The vein-bearing fracture developed after brecciation ended, and apparently after considerable reconsolidation of the breccia. If, as suggested above, the rock breccia was not completely reconsolidated prior to introduction of matrix quartz, then the vein-bearing fracture probably developed after this introduction, and the vein is entirely post breccia. The evidence as to age relations with the banded veins is conflicting, but appears on balance to indicate that these veins were fully developed prior to brecciation. On the one hand, one banded vein was found in rock breccia and two poorly banded veins were found in quartz breccia. On the other hand, a host of banded veins has been injected into quartz diorite around the Main quartz breccia body, and LODE METALS 79 several are truncated by the matrix quartz. The ages of the three banded veins in breccias were not determined relative to other veins, and it is possible that they are considerably younger than most of the banded veins. Also, the fragment of molybdenite-bearing quartz in rock breccia may have been broken out of a pre-existing banded vein. No molybdenite-bearing slips have been found in the breccias. The development of the slips and of the secondary fractures responsible for the banded structures in the veins probably was not synchronous with brecciation, for molybdenite has not been found in rock breccia. The brecciation was a process which not merely broke up the rock into fragments of various sizes but also moved them around individually and jumbled them. It was not directly related to intrusive stoping because the matrix does not appear to be intrusive but is the product of fragmentation. It probably did not occur along a fault zone because the breccia body is irregular in shape and does not lead into any recognizable fault zone. The breccia is clearly not a shatter zone, produced by movements on close-spaced intersecting fractures, for the fragments do not have plane surfaces and they appear to have moved individually and in different directions. Mineralization and Orebodies The ore mineral is molybdenite. Pockets of magnetite occur locally in the breccia. Specks of chalcopyrite have been found in various places within the pyrite halo. Pyrite is common and widespread, but an assay disclosed only traces of gold and silver in it. A little scheelite is reported to have been found in the quartz breccia. But molybdenite is the only mineral which has any apparent economic potential. The molybdenite occurs as pockets and veinlets in the quartz breccia, as seams in slips in the quartz diorite, and as seams, pockets, and veinlets in various quartz veins. Rarely it is disseminated in quartz diorite. The various vein systems are not equally good carriers of molybdenite. In the mine the best mineralized are the banded, FZ, and shear zone veins. All three of these vein types, together with the slips, generally contain less and less molybdenite with distance from the breccias; the banded veins also decrease in number. The breccia orebodies are not coincident with the bodies of quartz breccia, but lie within them. The molybdenum content of the quartz breccia varies widely and erratically. As determined by company assays, the Main and South breccia ore- bodies are highly irregular in outline and contain irregular blocks of waste. For mining purposes these irregular assay boundaries have been adjusted to a more regular outline. In the Main quartz breccia body the resulting mineable orebody approximates a vertical prism 70 feet thick, 300 feet long, and more than 500 feet deep. It tends to hug the southwest contact of the Main quartz breccia body, and pulls away from the downward-flaring northeast contact. The South quartz breccia orebody is known only from diamond drilling. The Fracture orebody is a block of unbrecciated quartz diorite in which slips and quartz veins are sufficiently close spaced and sufficiently well mineralized with molybdenite to make the block of ore grade. As outlined for mining, the Fracture orebody is about half as large as the Main breccia orebody and plunges steeply northwest. It wraps around a tongue of quartz breccia on surface, adjoins the breccia body on the 5280 level, and is separated from it by less well-mineralized quartz diorite on the 5045 level. Most of the molybdenite is in slips and in banded and FZ veins. The High Grade vein, as exposed for a length of 90 feet on the 5045 level, comprises quartz and molybdenite in a sheared lamprophyre. The dyke is 9 feet 80 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 thick, strikes north 77 degrees east, and dips 48 degrees north. The hangingwall half of the dyke is softened and blocky but is little sheared and is generally poorly mineralized. The footwall half has been largely converted to chlorite schist and has been injected by several concordant quartz veins. The quartz is very coarse grained and occurs as one main vein, 2 to 3 feet thick, and as several parallel stringers in the schist, 2 inches or less in thickness. The main vein contains several chloritic partings parallel to the walls. The molybdenite occurs as narrow bands along the walls of the veins and as parallel and cross-veinlets within the main vein. It also occurs as scattered grains in the schist. The High Grade vein has not been identified in diamond-drill core, and its extent is not known. The Southwest vein zone was extensively trenched in the early work on the property and was diamond drilled in 1959 and 1964, but it is still not well understood, and an orebody has not been outlined. It strikes about north 35 degrees west, parallel to the axis of the breccia and Fracture orebodies. Some of the individual veins strike parallel with the zone and dip gently or steeply to the southwest, but others are short and crosscutting, and appear to be the master veins in small quartz stockworks. The veins are generally much thicker than in the fracture ore- body, commonly ranging from 6 inches to 2 feet. The molybdenite in the veins is generally coarse grained and occurs as pockets in the quartz and as marginal and crosscutting veinlets. The molybdenite was apparently deposited during two distinct and separate intervals. It is common in banded veins and slips in the rock, and again in the much younger FZ and QS veins, but is rare in the Q, A, and F veins of intermediate age. The older molybdenite is fine grained, whereas the younger is coarse to very coarse. The molybdenite in the quartz breccias is generally coarse grained, and probably was deposited during the later interval. The older molybdenite may have been deposited prior to brecciation, as noted above in discussing the age of the breccias. [References: Campbell, R. B., Geol. Surv., Canada, Prelim. Map 42-1961; Heim, R. C, Western Miner, Vol. 37, No. 12, 1964, pp. 27-28; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1957, pp. 18-22; 1963, pp. 39-41; Stevenson, J. S., B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 9, 1940, pp. 34-47; Stevenson, J. S., 1942, private report; Vokes, F. M., 1963, Geol. Surv., Canada, Econ. Geol. Rept. No. 20, pp. 246-256.] LILLOOET Bridge River (50° 122° N.W.) Gold-Antimony Mine office, Gold Bridge. The company holds a large num- Ace Mining Com- ber of claims lying for the most part north of Carpenter Lake pany Limited* and extending west of Gun Creek. During 1964, 352 feet of drifting and crosscutting was done in the old Congress mine. Other work included 875 feet of diamond drilling, from underground, in the area of the Howard vein and 1,222 feet of diamond drilling, from the surface, in the area of the Paul vein, which is on the northeast side of Gun Creek. Work commenced in October and continued for the remainder of the year. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1948, pp. 106-112; Cairnes, C. E., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 213, 1937, pp. 102-104.] * By W. C. Robinson. LODE METALS 81 Gold Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited* Company office, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Bralorne. G. H. Davenport, president; J. S. Thomson, resident manager; J. P. Weeks, mine superintendent; E. H. Hall, mill superintendent; A. J. Learmonth, plant superintendent. The company operates the Bralorne mine on Cadwallader Creek. It is reached by 51 miles of road from Shalalth or 75 miles from Lillooet, both stations on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. Development of the surface showings began about 1898, and production has been continuous since 1931. The property is described in some detail in the 1958 Annual Report. The workings are approached by a main haulage adit on No. 8 level. There are three internal shafts: the Crown shaft, approximately 2,600 feet deep from No. 8 to No. 26 level; the Empire shaft, approximately 3,280 feet deep from No. 3 to No. 26 level; the Queen shaft, 2,300 feet deep from No. 26 to No. 41 level. Most of the present production is mined by the cut-and-fill method. Most of the stopes are sand-filled with mill tailings, which are piped into the mine. The ore is hoisted in the Queen shaft to No. 26 level and is then hauled by battery locomotive to the Crown shaft, hoisted to No. 8 level, the main haulage level of the mine, and hauled by trolley locomotive to the mill. The ore is treated in a 600-ton cyanide mill. In 1964, 153,080 tons of ore was milled, yielding 73,848 ounces of gold. A summary of development work done in 1964 is given below:— Drifting Crosscutting Raising Diamond drilling Ft. 3,231 1,607 1,365 9,322 The 77 vein was further developed by drifting on No. 41 level. Other development work included the driving of a ventilation raise, by Alimak raise machine, between No. 41 and No. 38 levels. The number of employees was 315, of whom 241 were underground. Mercury Tyaughton Creek (51° 122° S.W.) Dot, Silverquick, etc. (Silverquick Development Company (B.C.) Ltd.)t Company office, 325, 1155 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; mine address, Gold Bridge. Robert E. Woods, president. This company controls 38 mineral claims that straddle Tyaughton Creek just west of Relay Creek. The main showing on the property, a zone of cinnabar mineralization, is at 5,475 feet elevation, 1 mile up a small creek that flows north into Tyaughton Creek 2 miles west of its junction with Relay Creek. A good road has been built from the showings down the creek to Tyaughton Creek and thence down the north bank of Tyaughton Creek to the old Manitou mine road. This latter road follows down Tyaughton Creek to Tyaughton Lake and then continues on past Mowson Pond to the Bridge River road. The showings are 21 miles by road from the company reduction plant which has been built at Mowson Pond. The mineralization is reported to have been originally discovered in 1942 by H. H. Huestis, then prospecting for Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited. In 1943 the latter company had a crew spend four months trenching and stripping on the * By W. C. Robinson. t By J. W. McCammon. 6 82 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 property. Nothing further appears to have been done until 1954, when W. C. Sev- rens located four claims on the same ground. In 1955 Mr. Sevrens retorted one flask of mercury at the property. The claims were kept in good standing and were leased to Silverquick Development Co., Inc., in August, 1961. The next year this company located more claims around the original ones, improved access, and began construction of a camp at the showings. In 1963 the company, now Silverquick Development Company (B.C.) Ltd., completed camp construction, mined and stockpiled a small amount of ore, and trucked one load of the ore to a mill-site on Mowson Pond, where the erection of a Gould rotary furnace reduction plant was begun. In 1964 the reduction plant was completed and put into production at a rated capacity of 10 tons per day, the road to the mine was improved, and mining was carried on. Apart from poor exposures in the creek, the only bedrock visible near the showings is in mine workings and road cuts. Most of the trenches are old and are now sloughed in, so even there observations are limited. The country rock is conglomerate, mapped by Cannes as part of the Middle to Upper Jurassic Taylor Group. It consists of fairly well-rounded pebbles ranging from a fraction of an inch to several inches in diameter. The most abundant pebbles are chert. No structure was noted in the conglomerate, but a few thin interbeds of sandy shale indicate the rocks strike east-west and dip 45 to 55 degrees south. This is perpendicular to the attitude shown half a mile to the south on Cannes' map, and so indicates a major structural disruption nearby, perhaps a continuation of the northwest-trending fault shown crossing Tyaughton Creek at Noaxe Creek. In the workings the rocks are badly fractured by joints and faults. The joints are multidirectional, but many strike within Figure 10. Silverquick workings. Pace and compass sketch. LODE METALS 83 a few degrees of east-west or north-south and most are nearly vertical. Their spacing ranges from a few inches to 3 or 4 feet. The faults, too, are multidirectional but can be roughly arranged into three groups that strike northwestward, northeastward, and nearly east-west. The majority dip northward at moderate to steep angles. The interrelationship of the different sets was not determined. Relative movement on most of the faults was essentially horizontal or nearly so. It took place both before and after ore deposition. Mineralization on the property consists of cinnabar associated with quartz, calcite, limonite, and a clay mineral, probably dickite. The cinnabar is present as disseminated grains, streaks, and small lenses in brecciated conglomerate; as smears on slickensided fault surfaces; and in the mud of gouge seams. The best mineralization exposed was in the main open cut at the creek and in the face of the adit. Cinnabar was also seen at four widely separated points in old trenches and a road cut as shown on Figure 10. At the time of examination the adit had been driven 22 feet into the hillside on a bearing of south 44 degrees west and then turned to continue for 14 feet on a bearing of south 16 degrees west. The mineralization seen was near the floor on the west wall at the turn. It was in a wedge of brecciated conglomerate between two intersecting faults with trends of about 20 degrees east of north and northwest dips of 47 and 18 degrees. A channel sample across 11 inches between the faults at floor level assayed 2.20 per cent mercury (sample 1 in Fig. 10). Until the middle of August, work had been concentrated on mining out a high- grade oreshoot from an open cut beside the creek. The cut had been excavated from the creek for 90 feet northeastward along the steep gully slope and had a maximum face height of 30 feet. The ore extended 60 feet diagonally across the cut from its southwest corner to the gully edge. Its strike was north 30 degrees east and its dip was 59 degrees northwest. Loose rock covered the band of ore in the floor, and only its vertical trace in the end wall of the cut could be seen. The ore consisted of brecciated conglomerate mineralized with cinnabar accompanied by quartz, calcite, limonite, and clay. It was 18 inches wide at floor level and pinched out between converging faults about 6 feet above the floor. A channel sample across 18 inches at floor level on the end wall of the cut assayed 0.56 per cent mercury (sample 2 in Fig. 10). Besides that in the main oreshoot, cinnabar was conspicuous as smears on slickensided fault surfaces and in thin gouge seams exposed along the walls of the open cut. Numerous fault and joint faces of various orientations were visible, but the cinnabar seemed to be restricted chiefly to those surfaces that trended northeastward and dipped moderately northwestward. An old trench 400 feet east of the creek had uncovered a shear striking east- west and dipping 53 degrees north. A sample from a 2-inch-thick zone of gouge and mineralized conglomerate breccia from the top of the shear assayed 7.72 per cent mercury (sample 3 in Fig. 10). In the course of scaling the walls of the main open cut in preparation for mining a lower bench, all mineralized rock seen was stockpiled. A grab sample from the pile, which contained 2 to 3 tons of ore, assayed 1.82 per cent mercury. A grab sample consisting of chips taken at random from a 200- to 300-ton dump of ore at the reduction plant assayed 0.51 per cent mercury. Spectrographic analysis showed a trace of antimony in sample No. 1 but no arsenic or antimony in any of the other samples. When operations ceased in September, about 300 tons of ore had been processed and 73 flasks of mercury had been produced and shipped. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1943, p. 77; 1955, p. 33; 1962, p. 23; 1963, p. 42; Geol. Surv., Canada, Paper 43-15.] 84 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Texas Creek (50° 122° N.E.) Molybdenum Texas Creek Mines Limited, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver 1, Index* holds 13 Crown-granted claims and 62 recorded claims. The property is on the summit between the north fork of Texas Creek and Phair Creek and is at an elevation of 8,000 to 8,500 feet. Access is by jeep-road via Texas Creek, which flows into the Fraser River from the west about 13 miles south of Lillooet. Work in 1964, which commenced in March and was suspended in October, consisted mainly of road construction. The property was not visited. (See Annual Report, 1949, pp. 113-114.) PEMBERTON Molybdenum (50° 123° N.E.) The R group of 32 recorded claims and R, EE* the EE group of 46 recorded claims are on Salal Creek, a tributary of the Lillooet River, and is about 40 miles northwest of Pemberton. Norpax Nickel Mines Ltd. holds a 60-per-cent interest and Purdex Minerals Ltd. holds a 40-per-cent interest in the property. The address of both companies is 405, 25 Adelaide Street West, Toronto 1. It has been reported that the showings consist of exposures in the beds of a half dozen torrential creeks which have incised canyons on the southeast flank of a mountain of weathered monzonite. The monzonite is a plug within granodiorite of the Coast Range intrusions. The mineralization consists of quartz, pyrite, and molybdenite. Work on the property during 1964 commenced on July 1st and was suspended on November 15th. Work included sampling, mapping, and trail construction. One diamond-drill hole, 748 feet long, was drilled from the bottom of the mountain. An average crew of seven men was employed under the direction of Hadden Agnew. Access to the property was by aircraft from Vancouver to the outwash plain of the icefield at the head of Bridge River and thence by helicopter to the camp. The property was not visited. LYTTON Copper (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 624 Howe Street, Van- Rocky, Tom, Nav couver 1. E. Koblanski, president; Bruce C. Macdonald, (Lytton Minerals geologist. This company holds about 111 claims, mainly in Limited)! the Rocky, Tom, and Nav groups on the south slopes of the Scarped Range, near Pitquah on the north side of the Thompson River. The geology and location of mineralized zones were described briefly in the Annual Report for 1963 (pp. 42-43). Until its termination in December, 1964, a working agreement existed between the company and The Patino Mining Corporation Ltd. Work begun in 1963 was continued until about April, 1964, and included 12 holes diamond drilled from surface in the Pop mineralized zone. The holes, none of them longer than 240 feet, are reported all to be vertical and spaced over a distance of about 1,900 feet along the zone, which dips northward into the hillside at a moderate angle. In August other surface exploration was done on the property, of which no details are available. D. W. Asbury was geologist in charge for The Patino Mining Corporation Ltd. • By W. C. Robinson. t By J. M. Carr. LODE METALS 85 HIGHLAND VALLEY* Copper-Molybdenum The majority of properties in and near Highland Valley are shown numbered on the accompanying index map (Fig. 11), which differs considerably from the one included in the Annual Report for 1956. The property of Chataway Exploration Co. Ltd. (19) is accessible by road from Broom Creek south of Mamit Lake and the WDR group (2) adjoins the road from Mamit Lake to Savona; the remaining properties are accessible by roads leading off the Highland Valley road, which is paved for 27 miles from Ashcroft to the Bethlehem mine. Bethsaida, BL(ll) (Valley Copper Mines Ltd.) (50° 120° W. and 50° 121° E.) Since April, 1964, this WDR (2), Dave, company, which is managed by The Consolidated Mining Lodge (6), Outrider, and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, owns properties Bay (9), Toketic, in Highland Valley consisting altogether of 389 claims and formerly owned variously by Bethsaida Copper Mines, Limited, The Buttle Lake Mining Company Limited (BL group), Huestis Mining Corporation Ltd. (Dave, Lodge groups), Northwest Ventures Ltd. (Outrider, Bay, Toketic groups), and W. D. Rorison and associates (WDR group). The Toketic group is west of Calling Lake and is beyond the limit of the area shown on Figure 11. Work from June to the end of the year was directed by D. W. Heddle and employed mainly a small crew including initially T. W. Muraro and latterly G. R. Rosseau and A. deVoogd. Geological work was done on all groups, and other work done included geochemical prospecting on parts of the BL group, magnetometer surveys on parts of the BL and WDR groups, trenching on the Outrider, Bay, and BL groups and on the Bethsaida claims, and about 1,500 feet of diamond drilling in three holes on the Duke, Tamarac, and IXL Crown-granted claims, which are among the Bethsaida claims. One of these holes was completed by further drilling in January, 1965. An induced polarization survey, partly completed in 1964 on the Dave and Lodge groups, was continued in 1965. The writer briefly examined trenches on the WDR group made in 1963. The northernmost trench exposes a steep mineralized fault which strikes north 50 degrees east and is parallel to joints in the adjacent older quartz diorite of the Guichon batholith. Chalcopyrite and lesser amounts of bornite are present as fracture-fillings and are partly oxidized to malachite, which is accompanied by limonite, possibly representing former specularite. The rock near the fault is bleached, probably by kaolinization of plagioclase, and contains pink orthoclase veinlets and others of calcite. At a point east of the Rorison ranch house, a trench near the access road exposes a northeast-trending fault in hornfels that probably is altered volcanic rock. A short distance to the west a similar hornfels occurs as float and is partly mineralized by disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. Trojan (5) (South Seas Mining Limited) (50° 120° N.W.) Company office, 1411, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. W. H. Pierre, president; A. R. Allen, consulting engineer. This company now wholly owns about 57 claims, including 24 which are Crown granted, to the north and east of the south peak of Forge Mountain and which were formerly owned by Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. In May, 1964, the company made an agreement with Mitsui Mining & Smelting Company, Ltd., for exploration to be done by the latter company. Work on behalf of the Mitsui * By J. M. Carr, except as noted. 86 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 company began in June, and by year-end it included 13,235 feet of wire-line diamond drilling in 23 holes, all or mainly in the vicinity of the Trojan breccia pipe. T. Takeda, geologist, and A. Fustos were in charge of the work, which employed an average crew of 20 including drillers on contract (Ann. Rept., 1963, p. 44). The company also holds about 18 claims named Elk, Kos, and Ram to the west of the Krain property and for which no details of work done in 1964 are available. List of properties shown in Figure 11:— 1. Krain, DW groups (North Pacific Mines Ltd.). 2. WDR group (Valley Copper Mines Ltd.). 3. F group (North Pacific Mines Ltd.). 4. Transvaal group. 5. Trojan property (South Seas Mining Limited). 6. Dave, Lodge groups (Valley Copper Mines Ltd.). 7. Cow, BX groups. 8. Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. 9. Outrider, Bay (Valley Copper Mines Ltd.). 10. AL, IC groups (Continental Consolidated Mines Ltd.). 11. Bethsaida property and BL group (Valley Copper Mines Ltd.). 12. Norex group (Noranda Exploration Company, Limited). 13. Lornex Mining Corporation Ltd. and E. H. and I. E. Lorntzsen. 14. Victor (Skeena Silver Mines Limited). 15. Anaconda American Brass Limited. 16. Jericho Mines Ltd. 17. BUM group (South Seas Mining Limited). 18. Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited. 19. Chataway Exploration Company Ltd. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 1825, 355 Burrard Bethlehem Copper Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Box 520, Ashcroft. H. H. Corporation Huestis, president; D. W. Pringle, manager; J. Stitt, general Ltd. (8)* superintendent; C. J. Coveney, production superintendent; R. G. Blundell, mill superintendent. Access to the property is by about 30 miles of paved road from Ashcroft. This company holds 56 Crown- granted and 146 recorded claims and fractions immediately east of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake. In 1964 the mill capacity of 3,500 tons per day was increased to 6,000 tons per day. Additions to the mill in 1964 included an 11- by 14-foot rod mill, a 48- foot-diameter copper concentrate thickener, one flotation air cell, four cleaner cells, and a 30-inch conveyor. Additions to the crusher-house include a 7-foot standard cone crusher, screens and conveyors; capacity of the crusher-house has been raised to 650 tons per hour. An interesting feature of the Bethlehem operation is the mill reclaimed water system which is now capable of supplying 3,400 gallons of water per minute. Fresh water is obtained from a deep well on Shula Flats that will supply water at the rate of 800 gallons per minute. The installation of an additional mill circuit, started in 1963, has been completed, and a molybdenum concentrate is now being recovered. Concentrates are hauled by truck to the Vancouver Wharves in North Vancouver. Copper concentrate produced in 1964 totalled 22,654 tons. Molybdenum concentrate produced in 1964 totalled 40 tons. Mining of the East Jersey open pit was under contract. In 1964 production from the East Jersey zone pit was 3,070,562 tons of waste, 312,251 tons of marginal ore, and 1,168,162 tons of ore. Production from the Jersey zone pit was 254,561 * By David Smith. LODE METALS 87 50°30' Figure 11. Property map, Highland Valley area. tons of waste, 17,488 tons of marginal ore, and 65,275 tons of ore. The East Jersey pit has reached the final stage of production contemplated in the initial planning. Additional equipment placed in service in the pit in 1964 included an electric shovel with 8-yard bucket and four 35-ton trucks. There has been no work underground. In 1964 the number of persons employed was 190, of whom 92 were employed by the company and 98 by the contractors. No housing is provided at the property, the employees commuting to Ashcroft. 88 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Other work done on the property in 1964 consisted of further exploration on known ore zones. A total of 14,215 feet of surface diamond drilling was done, 12,032 feet of which was on the Huestis zone. (50° 120° N.W. and 50° 121° N.E.) Company office, North Pacific 1411, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. Jack Wiley, Mines Ltd. (3) general manager; A. R. Allen, consulting engineer. This company controls about 120 recorded claims in the F, Cat, Dog, JB, CL, and other groups which, although mostly not shown on Figure 11, are in the eastern and northern parts of the Highland Valley area. Work done in 1964 is not known in detail, but on the CL group it included trenching, soil-sampling, magnetometer and geological surveying done by a crew of about six men from May onward. Trenches visited on the CL group are 3V4 miles east and slightly north of Bose Lake (the lake shown on Fig. 11, in property 6) and are reached by 7 miles of road leaving the Highland Valley road about 1V_ miles east of the airstrip. The trenches surround the headwall of a gully draining south and east in the west side of which an old caved adit existed. The CL group is recorded by C. W. Dansey on ground formerly part of the PG group (Annual Report, 1963, p. 48), and the trenched locality is on or near the former Fran 8 claim held by Deer Horn Mines Limited in 1956. Malachite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occur in and adjacent to several northeasterly faults and shear zones which cut older and younger quartz diorites of the Guichon batholith and mostly dip to the northwest at moderate and high angles. On the east side of the gully the older quartz diorite encloses and invades a large mass of grey hornfels. Actinolite, orthoclase, epidote, chlorite, calcite, and clay minerals are present, due to hydrothermal alteration of the rocks. Other work done on these claims by the company included soil-sampling. At the year-end this company obtained control of the Krain property, which includes the Krain and DW groups (1). (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 535 Howe Street, Van- AL, IC (TO) (Conti- couver 1. R. W. Liversidge, president; H. H. Cohen, con- nental Consolidated suiting engineer. This company holds 23 claims in the Mines Ltd.) adjoining AL and IC groups west of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake on either side of the road to the OK mine. Work in 1964 included trenching and diamond drilling two adjacent holes of unstated length close to a showing east of the road which was found in 1961 by Pat Gouthreau (Ann. Rept., 1961, p. 30). The trenches are on either side of an unexposed contact between Skeena quartz diorite to the west and Bethsaida granodiorite to the east. The Bethsaida granodiorite exhibits a steep foliation trending north 40 degrees east and is traversed by malachite-coated joints with approximately this trend. The holes were drilled near the western trenches, in which Skeena quartz diorite is exposed. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 558 Howe Street, Van- Lornex Mining couver 1; mine office, Ashcroft. E. H. Lorntzsen, president; Corporation A. C. Skerl, consulting geologist. This company holds 134 Ltd. (13)* recorded claims to the southeast of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake and is accessible by jeep-road, 3 miles off the end of the paved road to the Bethlehem camp. At present the camp of the Skeena Silver property is used as headquarters for this operation. Late in 1964 a new showing on the A.M. No. 42 claim and Lornex No. 1 fractional claim was explored by about • By David Smith and J. M. Carr. LODE METALS 89 3,600 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching. The showing is on or close to the contact of younger quartz diorite and the later Bethsaida granodiorite stock and is reported to consist of chalcopyrite and copper carbonates in quartz veins and in fractured rock within an area measuring about 1,600 feet long in a northerly direction and as much as 1,200 feet wide. Trenching was also done about Wz miles distant from the showing, in a south-southwesterly direction. About 5 miles of road was constructed. A crew of two was employed under the direction of Mr. Lorntzsen. Sheba, Highmont, Minex, B.X. (15) (Anaconda American Brass Limited) (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. Glenn C. Waterman, vice-president and chief geologist. This company holds about 157 claims on option on Gnawed Mountain, including, from north to south, the Sheba property, which is controlled by Peel Resources Limited (company office, 230 West Broadway, Vancouver 10), the Highmont property, owned by Torwest Resources (1962) Ltd. (company office, 404, 409 Granville Street, Vancouver 2), and two properties owned by Minex Development Ltd. (company office, 310, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1) and B.X. Mining Company Limited (company office, 1500, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1). Work from May to October, 1964, was done by a crew averaging 10 men including drillers on contract, and it included road-building, geological, geochemical, and magnetometer surveying, induced polarization surveying, trenching, and wire-line diamond drilling of 11 holes totalling 7,585 feet. P. A. Lindberg was geologist in charge. The operating company reported in September that no new copper mineralization of significance had yet been found. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 310, 850 West Hastings UP and April (Red Street, Vancouver 1. J. A. Hallberg, president; H. H. Rock Mines Ltd.) Cohen, consulting engineer. This private company holds about 35 claims, mainly in the UP and April groups west of the Jericho property in the eastern part of Highland Valley near Witches Brook. No details are available of work done in 1964. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, Room 14, 1531 Davie Jericho Mines Street, Vancouver 5. Henry Hockin, president. This com- Ltd. (16) pany holds about 156 claims south of Witches Brook, about 7 miles east of Divide Lake. Work in 1964 was supervised by R. Philp, engineer in charge for Alrae Exploration Ltd., which managed the operation for the company. A maximum crew of 15 was employed, including diamond drillers on contract, and the work included driving an exploratory adit a further 834 feet to a total length of 884 feet, bulk sampling the adit for 685 feet of its length, doing 4,166 feet of underground percussion drilling and 13,627 feet of wire-line diamond drilling on surface in 33 holes, bulk sampling from underground, constructing roads, and trenching. A lower adit, 9 feet square in cross- section, was started from a portal situated about 2,000 feet distant northerly from and at about 500 feet lower elevation than the upper adit, and at year-end was approximately 95 feet long. The contractors used a trackless mining method. The following notes are based on a brief examination of the upper adit and on information provided by the company. The upper adit is about 2Va miles southwest of the Jericho camp on the Highland Valley road, on a low ridge on the Bob 14 claim at about 4,700 feet elevation. Directed north 84 degrees east and open to the surface at both ends, the adit has backs of about 80 feet and partly intersects 90 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 the No. 1 zone of mineralization, which was known previously from induced polarization surveys and diamond drilling. It intersected one or more varieties of the younger quartz diorite of the Guichon batholith, which is foliated by crystal alignment in a direction north 55 degrees west. Beginning at about 150 feet from the portal, mineralized quartz veins occur in the adit and mostly possess strikes of between 45 degrees west and north 70 degrees west, with northerly dips of about 65 degrees. The principal sulphide, bornite, is partly associated with chalcocite that is apparently of primary origin. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite are both present, the latter partly as seams and partly disseminated in quartz. The vein walls are strongly chloritic and sericitic and are partly sheared. Sulphides are only weakly disseminated between the veins, whose spacing and thickness generally control the grade of mineralization. Approximately the easternmost 250-foot length of the adit is in mineralization estimated to contain more than 1 per cent copper. In the eastern part of the adit, one or more gougy faults strike east-northeastward. Surface drill-holes and drill-holes as much as 90 feet long in the adit wall at 20-foot intervals have established that the No. 1 zone of mineralization lies mainly north of the adit, that it trends in a direction slightly more easterly than the adit, has a minimum length of 400 feet and a width ranging from 3 to 35 feet, and that it persists with a steep northerly dip to a depth of 400 feet below the elevation of the adit. According to information given out by the company, the zone contains 1.48 per cent copper, appreciable amounts of silver, and unknown amounts of molybdenum. A fault striking about north 60 degrees east and dipping northwestward is assumed from surface drilling to underlie a gully immediately east of the adit, and may prove to be related structurally to the No. 1 zone and to one or more zones of mineralization suspected to exist on the southeast side of the assumed fault. A second zone of mineralization was reported to have been intersected in surface drillholes subsequently to the writer's visit. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 1926 Ogden Avenue, Chataway Explora- Vancouver 9. S. W. Wright, president. This company holds tion Co. Ltd. (19) about 256 claims in a large block extending from Roscoe and Antler Lakes southward to the head of Broom Creek. The permanent-type camp on Dot Lake is reached by a road 5 miles long from the Aberdeen mine on Broom Creek; other roads give access from this road to various parts of the property. Work continued throughout 1964 under the direction of S. W. Wright, mostly employing a small crew augmented for part of the time by survey and drilling crews on contract. The work included electromagnetic and induced polarization surveying, soil-sampling, preparation of a topographical map from air photographs, as much as 10 miles of road construction, trenching, and 2,930 feet of surface diamond drilling, of which about 1,800 feet was completed at the time the property was visited in August. The property is underlain by the older and younger quartz diorites of the Guichon batholith, which are cut in places by porphyry dykes. Outcrops are scarce. Trenching and drilling in 1964 were partly done near showings already partly investigated, principally on and near the Jay 1 and the Bob 8 claims between Chataway and Roscoe Lakes, the WIZ 3 claim south of Dot Lake, and the SHO 11 claim north of Twin Lakes. Drilling was done on the SHO 3 claim, which is two claim lengths northeast of the SHO 11 claim, and on the MAR 2 and 4 claims and the Rob 3 claim, all of which are near the west side of Dot Lake. The core of most of these holes was briefly examined; quartz diorite porphyry and adjacent quartz LODE METALS 91 Curmo, S.S. (Skeena Silver Mines Limited)f diorite intersected in a trench and a drill-hole on the WIZ 3 claim contain disseminated bornite and are the first rocks seen to be appreciably mineralized in this part of the property. (50° 120° S.W.) The MLM group of 84 recorded claims MLM* is owned by Mamit Lake Mining Ltd., 1091 Broughton Street, Vancouver 5. G. J. Saarse, president. It lies west and northwest of Mamit Lake on the Guichon Creek road. Electromagnetic anomalies were diamond drilled, with a total of seven holes. The work was under the supervision of Mr. Saarse. SKUHUN CREEK Copper-Molybdenum (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 301, 744 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. F. A. McGonigle, president; F. L. C. Price, consulting engineer. This company controls about 26 claims in the S.S. group and partly in the Curmo group, which is optioned from W. T. Curnow and M. G. Mooney, on the south slope of Skwilkwakwil Mountain. The property contains recently discovered showings and is reached by dirt road leading up Skuhun Creek from Mile 14 on Highway No. 8 southeast of Spences Bridge. Work in 1964 was from May onward and included as much as 3 miles of road construction, stripping, trenching, and blasting, soil-sampling, electromagnetic and induced polarization surveying, and 988 feet of diamond drilling. Crews were based at Spences Bridge. A showing visited briefly in August, before drilling was done, is at about 4,200 feet elevation on a southwesterly spur overlooking Skuhun Creek. An area measuring about 300 feet wide and as much as 400 feet in northerly length has been explored by stripping and trenching. The older quartz diorite of the Guichon batholith shows a northwesterly steep crystal alignment and is cut by northeast-trending dykes of the younger quartz diorite and by similarly oriented narrow dykes of aplite. Numerous later dykes of andesite, which are possibly equivalent to those in the Spences Bridge Group of volcanic rocks, are mainly or wholly unmineralized and trend in various northwesterly directions. Compared to the other rocks, the older quartz diorite is more fractured and altered, and contains as hydrothermal minerals orthoclase, quartz, chlorite, calcite, epidote, zeolite, and probably tourmaline. Chalcopyrite is mainly on fractures in the older rock and is locally disseminated together with small amounts of molybdenite. The mineralized fractures and shear zones mostly strike about north 35 degrees east and dip steeply eastward. Unmineralized shear zones adjacent to the late dykes strike north-northwest. On air photographs the showing is close to the apparent intersection of a broad northwesterly lineament with at least one northeasterly lineament, of which there are several visible in the area covered by the property. Bornite veins are reported to occur in a creek 3,000 feet to the north of the described showing, apparently at a locality situated at the intersection of other lineaments. Copper Alamo, Jae (General Resources Ltd.)t.—(50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 213, 678 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. E. M. Olts, president; R. B. Stokes, chief engineer. This company holds claims in the Alamo and Jae groups on the east side of Skuhun Creek, south of Roscoe Lake, on which work of an unspecified nature was done in 1964. The claims are underlain by rocks of the Guichon batholith. * By M. S. Hedley. * By J. M. Carr. 92 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Nig, Gar, Tine (General Resources Ltd.).*—(50° 121° S.E.) This company holds a block of claims including the Nig, Gar, and Tine groups which partly adjoin the eastern boundary of the S.S. group of Skeena Silver Mines Limited. The property is reported to contain an old copper showing known as the Nigger and is partly a relocation of the B.B. group held in 1961 by Quatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited. Work of an unspecified nature was done in 1964. Jay (Kamloops Copper Consolidated Ltd.).*—(50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 105 Seymour Street, Kamloops. R. W. Kennedy, president; J. Sullivan, consulting engineer. This company, formerly named Kamloops Copper Company Ltd., holds the Jay group of 12 recorded claims north of Skuhun Creek between the S.S. group and the Nig, Gar, and Tine groups. Work in 1964 included magnetometer, geochemical, and geomagnetic surveys. MERRITT Copper-Iron (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 700, 1030 West Craigmont Mines Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; mine office, Box 3000, Merritt. Limitedt J. D. Simpson, president; R. E. Hallbauer, mine manager. This company holds 107 mineral claims and fractions, of which 22 claims and fractions are held in 10 separate leases. The Craigmont ore- bodies are on the Merrell Nos. 7 and 8 claims and the McLeod Nos. 5 and 6 claims and are between the forks of Birkett Creek at original surface elevations between 3,800 and 4,200 feet. Access to the property is by road north from Lower Nicola on No. 8 highway 5 miles west of Merritt. Mining and milling was continuous throughout 1964. Production has been from the open pit and from the underground operation. Most of the concentrate was shipped to Japan, and the remainder was shipped to the American Smelting and Refining Co. smelter at Tacoma, Wash. The iron content of the ore was impounded with the tailings. A part of the tailings was de-slimed and returned to underground as backfill. In 1964 material moved in the open pit by contractors measured 1,793,264 cubic yards, including glacial till and waste rock. An additional 15,899,703 tons of material, including glacial till, waste rock, and stockpiled ore was moved by the company, which also mined 667,032 tons of open-pit ore. From the stockpile, 919,513 tons of ore was taken to the primary crusher. Underground work was continued on all levels and is summarized as follows:— Development— Ft Lateral development 13,364 Raising 7,019 Borehole (48 inches) 177 Ore production— Tons Cut-and-fill stopes 83,804 Blast-hole stopes 33,616 Development 108,292 Diamond drilling was continued underground and on the surface. A cut-and- fill system of mining, using tailings as backfill material, has proved relatively successful. On the 3000 level, a system of long-hole drilling has been used, in which the ore drops to a series of mucking-machine draw points. Still in the experimental stage, an Atlas Copco T4-G autoloader has been used underground. This is • By J. M. Carr. t By David Smith. LODE METALS 93 basically a combination mucking-machine and rear dump car, air operated and running on four pneumatic tires. A novel raise drilling method has been used successfully to complete the 35-971 fill raise and the 28-884 ore-pass. Using a Robbins raise-boring machine, a pilot hole is drilled through to the drift below, using a conventional three-cutter rotary blast-hole bit. This bit is then removed from the drill stem, and in its place is attached a 48-inch raise head. The raise is reamed to the full diameter in one pass by " up-drilling." The cuttings fall by gravity to the drift below (see photo). Looking up 48-inch raise drilled by a raise-boring machine. (Craigmont photo.) Penetration rates achieved by the company were 7 feet per hour for drilling the 9- inch down hole and 5 feet per hour for reaming the 48-inch up hole. With this machine it is possible to drill a raise on any angle between vertical and 60 degrees to the horizontal. Both Craigmont raises were inclined, one at 81 degrees 30 minutes and the other at 62 degrees 47 minutes, and both raises were driven with nearly perfect break-throughs. In drilling the down hole, cuttings are flushed to the surface under an air and water pressure of 500 pounds per square inch. In reaming the up hole, the cutting surface is flushed with water under pressure. There is no dust problem when the machine is operated as designed. Additions to major equipment in 1964 included the installation in the mill of a 6- by 8-foot regrind ball mill. In 1964 the number of persons employed was 560. No housing is provided on the property, and the crews commute from Merritt, a distance of approximately 8 miles. (See Annual Reports, 1959, pp. 31-34; 1960, pp. 35-40; 1961, pp. 31-37; 1962, pp. 52-53; 1963, pp. 49-51.) 94 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 230 West Broadway, Cinderella Vancouver 10. N. H. McDiarmid, president; Chapman, (Peel Resources Wood and Griswold Ltd., consulting engineers. This corn- Limited)* pany holds under option from the owners, Mrs. K. I. Merrell and C. G. Jackson, 36 claims in the Cinderella group at elevations between 3,000 and 4,500 feet, 2 miles northeast of Merritt. Access is by jeep-trail from Highway No. 5. Work in 1964 included trenching, soil-sampling, magnetometer surveying, geological mapping, and one diamond-drill hole 144 feet in length. The showings were visited briefly in August and are mainly in trenches of two localities about 3,000 feet apart in a northerly line. The southern showings include four old shafts, each 15 feet or less deep, in one of which chalcopyrite and quartz were seen at a northerly shear zone in nearly vertical greywacke beds of the Nicola Group, which strike slightly west of north. Limestone beds occur nearby, and the rocks are intruded by one or more northerly trending dykes of quartz diorite. Skarn veins consisting mainly of calcite and epidote occur locally in greywacke along the east side of a dyke and are mineralized with chalcopyrite and specularite. At this showing the occurrence of steeply dipping beds of mixed limy and non-limy type provides a promising setting for further exploration. At the northern showings the attitude of the Nicola beds, which here include limestones and dark-coloured tuffaceous rocks, is somewhat variable. Near an exposed easterly fault the rocks are traversed by numerous joints and mineralized fractures which partly strike eastward and possess low southerly dips. Magnetite, specularite, chalcopyrite, and copper carbonates occur on the fractures, and the rocks contain pyrite and in places abundant epidote. A north-trending pink dyke, probably of latite, contains pyrite disseminations. CANFORD Copper (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 535 Howe Street, Van- Copper Canyon couver 1. P. Polischuk, president. The property consists (Hurley River of 52 recorded mineral claims in the Copper Canyon, Eagle, Mines Ltd.)t Tent, and P. J. H. groups situated on the east slope of Mimenuh Mountain, which is 10 miles west-northwest of the village of Canford on the Nicola River. It is reached by jeep-road from Canford. In 1964 a three-stage geomagnetic survey was carried out on the property. A geological examination was made by W. S. Read. NICOLA Copper (50° 120° S.W.) This property is on the north shore of Lake Groupt Nicola Lake about 5 miles by road from Nicola. One short diamond-drill hole was drilled on the immediate shore of the lake in the vicinity of some old workings to test an indicated shear zone. No further work is contemplated. The drilling was under the direction of F. L. C. Price. * By J. M. Carr. t By David Smith. LODE METALS 95 (50° 120° S.W.) Head office, 1040 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. The property consists of 60 claims held by record and the Turlite Crown-granted claim. The property is 4V_ miles by road north of Nicola at elevations between 3,500 and 4,500 feet. The camp and buildings have been kept in good order. A small crew carried out check surveys and some surface exploration. The shaft was not unwatered. Copperado (Toluma Mining and Development Co. Ltd.)* ASPEN GROVE Copper Porcupine (Amalgamated Resources Ltd.)t (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 927, 510 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2. Paul Polischuk, president; Sherwin F. Kelly, consultant. The Porcupine group comprises 36 recorded mineral claims situated on the east side of the Princeton-Merritt highway and north of Corbett Lake (Annual Report, 1963, p. 54). The working area centres on the southeast corner of the Porcupine No. 1 claim around the old inclined shaft sunk on the showing which is a bed of amygdaloidal basalt about 10 feet thick, mineralized with disseminated chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and native copper. The bed strikes north 50 degrees east and dips 45 degrees southeast. Bulldozer trenching in 1964 exposed mineralized amygdaloidal basalt on strike to a distance of 250 feet northeast of the shaft and 200 feet to the southwest. A self-potential geophysical survey was in progress at the time of the writer's visit. (50° 120° S.W.) Head office, 700, 1030 Burrard Street, Vancouver 5. This group of 28 recorded mineral claims is reached by highway 13 miles south of Merritt, then 7 miles southwest on the Iron Mountain road. A grid was laid out on the property and an LP. survey was conducted. A crew of six men was employed under the direction of W. S. Pentland, geologist. Kan(Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd.)* (49° 120° N.E.) This group of 24 mineral claims and Blue Jayt 5 fractions is held by record by Harry Nesbitt, Aspen Grove. The Princeton-Merritt highway passes through the claims on the west margin of the group, which is one-quarter mile northwest of Tule Lake. The showings are reached by a dirt road which leads eastward from the highway about 3 miles north of the settlement of Aspen Grove. The general geology is shown on Geological Survey of Canada Map 888a, Princeton. The area is underlain by Nicola volcanic rocks which here are intruded by granodiorite of the Coast Intrusions. Both these formations are overlain by small outliers of the Spences Bridge and Kingsvale Groups. The principal showings are on the Kingsvale No. 6 mineral claim. The rock is a grey albitized recrystallized rock of variable texture and uncertain origin. Its original composition appears to have been near to that of an andesite or diorite. Garnet and epidote are irregularly distributed, as are streaks and blebs of reddish albite. The mineralization consists of disseminated chalcopyrite, native copper, and bornite with minor magnetite. The mineralization is associated with small fractures; no fault structure was recognized. The mineralization is exposed by surface stripping for a length of about 800 feet in a direction of north 20 degrees west and over a width of nearly 100 feet. * By David Smith. t By N. D. McKechnie. 96 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 About three-eighths of a mile southeast of the above stripping at the junction of mineral claims Blue Jay No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, there is an exposure of dark-grey gabbroic rock containing finely disseminated chalcopyrite and bornite. Not enough stripping has been done here to clarify the situation. Of five prospect holes drilled by Mr. Nesbitt, two drilled north 80 degrees east at 45 degrees showed sparse mineralization for lengths of 15 and 16 feet respectively, and one drilled north 10 degrees east at 45 degrees showed sparse mineralization for a length of 51 feet. (49° 120° N.W.) Head office, 2117 West Fourth Avenue, Pay (Payco Vancouver 9. This company holds by record the Pay group Mines Ltd.)* of 40 claims surrounding Alleyne Lake, 3 miles southeast of Aspen Grove. The property is reached by a narrow road which turns north from the Kentucky Lake road about 2V_ miles east of the Princeton-Merritt highway. A small amount of surface exploration was carried out under the direction of S. F. Kelley. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 55-56.) (49° 120° N.W.) This company, which is a wholly owned Kentucky (Scope subsidiary of Alscope Development Ltd. (company office, Development 549 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; N. Martini, president; V. M. Ltd.)t Prescott, secretary-treasurer), holds about 30 recorded claims in the Kentucky group west of Kentucky Lake and also mineral lease No. M18b, which is separated from the southwestern corner of the Kentucky group by the Tom Cat group of Crown-granted claims owned by J. Tancowny. Access to the property is by 5 miles of dirt road from Highway No. 5 at the Kentucky Lake turn-off south of Aspen Grove. In 1962 the company did a small amount of trenching. In 1964 work was done from August onward by a small crew under F. Kangas, geologist, and included nearly 1 mile of road-building, trenching, soil-sampling, geophysical surveying, and 1,850 feet of diamond drilling in four holes. A showing at about 3,900 feet elevation on the southwesternmost recorded claim, about 1 mile southwest of Kentucky Lake, was briefly visited in August. It lies on the west side of a long, straight gully extending northwestward from Bluey Lake and is between a pair of parallel lineaments visible on air photographs and possessing a trend approximately north 60 degrees east. These features may reflect geological structures having some control on the occurrence of mineralization. At the showing, a trench exposes porphyritic diorite which is mineralized on irregular joints by malachite. The latter is probably formed from bornite and chalcocite, both of which are reported to occur in some old pits nearby. Outcrops of the diorite, immediately nearby to the east, exhibit strong jointing, mainly on planes striking north 60 degrees east and dipping northward at 60 degrees. This rock is partly brecciated and contains abundantly disseminated magnetite and calcite, chlorite, and epidote. When visited the ground beneath the trenches was about to be explored by a first drill-hole. (49° 120° N.W.) This group of some 42 claims is held by Pyramid $ record in the names of John Tancowny and Magnus Bratlien, both of Merritt. The group includes the June, Saw, Six, Final, and Car groups and five claims of the adjoining Bunny group. The claims are west and south of Kentucky Lake and about 4 miles southeast of the village of * By David Smith. t By J. M. Carr. t By N. D. McKechnie. LODE METALS 97 Aspen Grove. The working area is reached by a tractor-road southward from the Kentucky Lake road about 1V_ miles from the highway. The claims are underlain by andesitic flow breccias and lavas of the Nicola Group. Work done during 1964 consisted of drilling six X-ray diamond-drill holes on the Final No. 1, June No. 4, and June No. 5 claims, three diamond-drill holes on the Car No. 5 claim, and bulldozer stripping on the Bunny No. 23 claim. The X-ray drill core was not examined. The cores from the holes on the Car No. 5 claim were almost entirely in andesite flow breccia. A minor amount of native copper was seen over a length of 3 feet in one of the cores; a minor amount of a very fine-grained grey metallic mineral was occasionally visible in the rest of the cores; both chalcocite and specular hematite are known to occur in these rocks. The bulldozer stripping exposed red porphyritic andesite breccia, and a coarser- grained rock resembling diorite in hand specimen and similar to the rock at the Blue Jay showings 4 miles to the north (see p. 95). In the one thin-section of this rock examined, volcanic textures are somewhat more evident than in the Blue Jay specimens. The porphyritic andesite breccia shows considerable epidote and some hematite. The coarser diorite-like rock is mineralized with chalcopyrite and bornite, sparsely but in marked contrast to the breccia in the stripping and to that seen in the cores. Rice (Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 243, p. 94) describes " coarse grained rocks with granitic texture which at first glance look like intrusive diorites, but in which volcanic structures can still be recognized " as one of the host rocks to mineralization at the old Big Sioux showings, which are just southward from the Blue Jay. It seems to the writer a quite reasonable supposition that this rock type, with its coarser grain and more evident alteration, may represent an older structure which may have been a locus of mineralization. Par (Tormont Mines Limited)" (49° 120° N.W.) Company office, 509, 25 Adelaide Street West, Toronto; Vancouver office, 605, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. The Par group of 36 recorded claims lies west of the Merritt-Princeton highway, 7 miles south of Aspen Grove. It is crossed by the Otter Creek road. Six holes totalling 2,715 feet were diamond drilled on the Par 3 and 5 claims. The work was under the supervision of Boris Nekrasov. KAMLOOPS Copper Galaxy Minerals Ltd.t (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, 1403, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. W. F. Evans, president. This company holds six Crown-granted and 46 recorded claims east of the road to Le Jeune Lake, about 5 miles southwest of Kamloops. Work in 1964 consisted of diamond drilling a number of surface holes. In August, 1964, management directed that further operations be carried out by Sulmac Explorations Ltd., of Toronto. A crew was based at the Makaoo camp, and claim-surveying and line-cutting were commenced. An induced potential survey is being carried out on the entire property. An average crew of eight men was employed. * By M. S. Hedley. t By David Smith. 98 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Makaoo (Rolling Hills Copper Mines Limited)* (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, P.O. Box 4183, Station D, Vancouver 9. Rolling Hills Copper Mines Limited holds by option 5 Crown-granted and 67 recorded claims from Makaoo Development Company Limited. An additional 183 claims are held by record. The claims lie in the general Coal Hill-Jacko Lake-Knutsford area southwest of Kamloops. In 1964 an electromagnetic survey was conducted over 23 miles of line and an induced potential survey was conducted over 9.3 miles of line. A total footage of 11,865 feet of percussion drilling was done using an Atlas-Copco drill and a 600 c.f.m. portable compressor. Using this method, casing can be set through a considerable depth of overburden or bedrock, and a smaller-diameter hole may then be drilled to a depth up to 300 feet. The cuttings are removed from the hole either by air or water flushing, and collected by suitable sample-gathering equipment. Penetrations of the order of 2 to 3 feet per minute are made, and recoveries of the order of 95 per cent have been achieved. The drilling was done on the Makaoo property, above the Python adit. Some of the geophysical work extended beyond the borders of Makaoo ground. An average crew of four men was employed under the direction of C. F. Millar, engineer in charge. Copper-Gold Afton (Colonial Mines Ltd.)* (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, 1718 West Fifth Avenue, Vancouver 9. This company holds by option 38 recorded claims including the old Pothook workings. The group lies approximately 7 miles southwest of Kamloops. In 1964 several holes were drilled from surface with a percussion machine, in the vicinity of the Pothook workings. A crew of four men was employed under the direction of C. F. Millar. (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, 1288—20th Avenue, Laura, Earl (Copper Prince George. This company holds 26 recorded claims Lake Explorations about 6 miles south of Kamloops and lying northeast of Edith Ltd.)* Lake. Access is by the Brigade Lake road south of Knuts- ford. A magnetometer survey and some soil-sampling were carried out in 1964. Some stripping was done with a bulldozer. A crew of six men was employed under the direction of A. R. Allen. Kimberley (New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd.)* (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, 905, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver 2. This property consists of the following Crown-granted mineral claims: Kimberley, Lot 1447; Charlotte, Lot 1448; Last Chance, Lot 1449; Morning Star, Lot 1450; Stem Winder, Lot 1451; Occidental, Lot 1452; Keystone Fraction, Lot 1453. The claims lie 3 miles to the south of Kamloops and 1 mile northwest of Knutsford. Six BX diamond-drill holes, totalling 2,040 feet, were drilled by the wire-line method. A crew of six was employed under the direction of C. F. Millar, resident engineer. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1909, p. 139; 1913, p. 191; 1929, p. 509; 1956, p. 69.] * By David Smith. LODE METALS 99 Molybdenum NORTH THOMPSON North Barriere Lake (51° 119° S.W.) The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, BAR* Limited, holds the BAR 1-19 and the Barriere No. 6 re corded claims on the east side of Harper Creek, approximately 4 miles north of North Barriere Lake. Access is by a 5-mile logging-road up Harper Creek from the North Barriere Lake road. The mineralization consists of disseminated pyrite, with minor molybdenite and chalcopyrite in medium-grained granite. Work was carried out by a crew of three men under the direction of G. M. Gibson. The work included geological mapping and 302 feet of diamond drilling from one drill site. The property was not visited. Molybdenum Polly Ann, etc.* Clearwater River (51° 120° N.E.) Southwest Potash Corporation; company office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver 2. This company holds 55 recorded claims on the west side of the Clearwater River, including the Polly Ann 1-13, Betsy 1-17, Lizard 1-19, and Sock 7-12. The property is 6 miles north of Clearwater and access is by logging-road up Clearwater River. The showings are near the eastern edge of a major granitic batholith. Molybdenite mineralization is present mainly in a set of narrow, widely spaced quartz veinlets. Work, under the direction of D. L. Mathias, commenced in July and was completed by October. Two holes, totalling 1,414 feet, were diamond drilled. Other work included geological mapping and geochemical sampling. ADAMS LAKE Silver (51° 119° S.W.) Homestake Silver Ltd.; company office, Homestake* 536 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. Coley Hall, president. This company holds 5 Crown-granted claims by option agreement and 15 claims by record. The property is on the Louis Creek-Skwaam Bay road, approximately 3 miles northwestward from the head of Skwaam (Agate) Bay on Adams Lake. Work in 1964 commenced on November 15th and was suspended on December 20th. About 2 miles of tractor-road was constructed. An average crew of five men was employed under the supervision of John Scott (see Annual Report, 1936, pp. D 32-D 36). SHUSWAP LAKE Zinc (51° 119° S.E.) Edoran Oil Corporation Ltd., of Calgary, Bet, Sault holds the Bet group of 43 claims and the adjoining Saul group of 4 claims. The property is on a ridge joining Crowfoot Mountain and Mobley Mountain at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet. Access is by logging-road up Ross Creek from the north shore road of Shuswap Lake. Work included geological mapping, magnetometer surveying, and diamond drilling three holes, totalling 800 feet. An average crew of three men was employed under the direction of H. C. B. Leitch. * By W. C. Robinson. t By W. C. Robinson and G. E. P. Eastwood. 100 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Samples sent to the Department consisted of marmorized limestone, mica schist, and minor granitic rock, and contained sphalerite, quartz, and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite. The presence of small amounts of tin was confirmed by assays. An attempt to isolate the tin-bearing mineral was unsuccessful, and it has not been positively identified. However, the response to attempted concentration suggests that a considerable part of the tin occurs as cassiterite. The property was not visited. MOUNT HENNING Copper-Molybdenum (49° 120° N.W.) Company office, 25 King Street West, Independence Toronto. J. A. Harquail, president. This company holds (Fort Reliance 93 recorded claims named FRM and 4 Crown-granted claims Minerals Limited)* at the Independence mine on Mount Henning, which is between Lawless Creek and the Coquihalla River. Access to the property is from Coquihalla by 3 miles of road. Work in 1964 was directed by A. D. Wilmot and employed five men for 16 days. It included road repair, trenching, and magnetometer and geochemical surveying. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 243, " Geology and Mineral Deposits of Princeton Map-area, British Columbia," H.M.A. Rice, 1947, pp. 111-112.] TULAMEEN Iron (49° 120° N.W.) Company office, 230 West Broadway, Imperial Metals Vancouver 10. N. H. McDiarmid, president. The property and Power Ltd.t includes a large group of claims encompassing the area of Lodestone and Olivine Mountains and Tanglewood Hill. The property lies about 15 miles due west of Princeton and is accessible by logging-roads from the community of Tulameen. The area has been explored, some of it in detail, in past years. In 1964, 1,000 pounds of Lodestone ore and 320 pounds of Coal- mont coal were sent to the Lurgi Corporation in Frankfurt, Germany, for testing. Results of tests are not available. Copper (49° 120° S.E.) This property consists of 13 recorded Red Start claims and 2 Crown-granted claims, the Red Star and Ana conda. The property is being worked under lease by A. W. Hendrickson and Harold Hopkins, Brackendale. The property is adjacent to the Hope-Princeton highway, a distance of 22 miles from Princeton. In 1964 a road was built from the highway to the new workings. Considerable trenching has been done by bulldozer, and a new adit was started. Mining was attempted by a trackless mining system but was not very successful due to ground conditions. The ore, which appears to be vein material lying within a shear in chloritic schist, is the only stable material, and once it is removed the surrounding rock crumbles and is very difficult to hold in place. Twenty-eight tons of copper-silver-gold ore was hand- cobbed and shipped. Work has been carried out by two men under the direction of Mr. Hopkins. • By J. M. Carr. t By David Smith. LODE METALS 101 SIMILKAMEEN RIVER Copper-Iron Virginia, No. 14 (Thayer Lindsley and Associates)* (49° 120° S.E. and S.W.) Thayer Lindsley and associates control 30 recorded claims and fractions and 35 optioned Crown-granted claims which are either owned by Miss Patricia S. Ravey or optioned by her from The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. The main property extends from a point on the Similkameen River about 1 mile north of the Copper Mountain mine eastward for about 3 miles to the Voigt camp. It contains numerous old surface showings of copper mineralization, which at the Voigt camp are accompanied by high concentrations of magnetite and specularite and were previously explored from underground. Work in the spring of 1964 was done by Fort Reliance Minerals Limited (A. D. Wilmot, resident engineer, Kelowna; Ian Bain, geologist) on behalf of Mr. Lindsley and included widespread geological mapping and sampling. It also included magnetometer surveying and soil-sampling of several adjacent claims, including the No. 14 claim at the Voigt camp, and trenching at various places, including the No. 14 claim, the adjacent Queen J recorded claim, the Virginia and June Bug claims, and the No. 18 fractional claim near Lost Horse Gulch. Aided by maps provided by the company, the writer briefly examined trenches on the No. 14 and Virginia claims in August. (a) No. 14 Claim (Voigt Camp).—The new trenches explore the immediate area lying east and southeast of the old inclined shaft. Company mapping indicates that at surface the chalcopyrite-specularite-magnetite zone extends eastward from the shaft for a distance of 450 feet and decreases in width and grade as it does so. It is interrupted by several northerly felsite dykes. A strong gougy fault trends more or less parallel with the north side of the zone for at least part of its length. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, 1934, Mem. 178, " Geology and Ore Deposits of Copper Mountain, British Columbia," pp. 42-43.] (b) Virginia Claim.—This claim adjoins the north side of Lost Horse Gulch less than one claim length west of the Voigt gabbro stock. Recent trenches at about 3,750 feet elevation a few hundred feet north of the road explore an area measuring about 700 feet square, which is underlain by cherty tuffs and andesite of the Nicola Group at its southern end and syenogabbro or monzonite at its northern end. One or more irregular northeastward-trending bodies of latite porphyry intrude the Nicola rocks and are in unknown relationship with the syenogabbro. The rocks are partly altered and contain veins variously of orthoclase, calcite, ankerite, and locally quartz. Pale-coloured felsite and quartz porphyry dykes with northerly strikes liberally dissect the other rocks and are mineralized only with small amounts of disseminated pyrite. The other rocks are mineralized with chalcopyrite, pyrite, and in places considerable magnetite in fractures and as disseminations. Partial oxidation of sulphides has taken place. Mineralization tends to increase in northeasterly or easterly zones as much as several feet wide. Gougy faults of pre-felsite age mainly dip steeply northward and strike in directions about east; mineralization is strongest adjacent to them. Small faults later than the felsite dykes trend both northward and northwestward. • By J. M. Carr. 296446 102 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Gold (49° 120° S.E.) The old Nickel Plate property is held Nickel Plate (Dun- under option by Dundee Mines Ltd.; company office, 510 dee Mines Ltd.)* West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. Ralph Sostad, president. Access to the present workings is by the Nickel Plate road. In 1964 a road was built to the Warhorse Crown-granted claim. Eight diamond-drill holes, totalling 3,513 feet, were drilled on the Warhorse claim. A crew of five was employed under the direction of J. Lamb and G. E. Leonard. KEREMEOS Gold-Silver (49° 119° S.W.) Company office, 1218 Burrard Building, Horn Silver (Utica Vancouver; mine office, Box 47, Keremeos. Andrew Rob- Mines Ltd.)t ertson, president; R. E. C. Richards, superintendent. The property includes the Horn Silver and Silver Bell Crown- granted mineral claims and 41 recorded mineral claims, including the Silver Bell 1-5, 7, and 8. It is on the western slope of Richter Mountain 16 miles south and east of Keremeos and 4 miles north of the International Boundary. Access is by a newly constructed road 21/- miles long from the Keremeos-Richter Pass highway at the foot of Richter Mountain to the adit portal at 2,622 feet elevation. Work in 1964 comprised principally the preparation of the existing underground workings for production. Limited underground exploration was performed and a small quantity of ore was stockpiled. The following is a summary of underground work:— Ft Drifting and crosscutting 1,156 Raising 326 Subdrifting 788 Diamond drilling 2,064 A new adit was begun 200 feet lower in elevation than the existing workings. Two diamond-drill holes were completed. The east drift on the 2622 level was being driven toward the " Bromley showing," an exposure of mineralization at surface some thousand feet east of and 300 feet higher in elevation than the 2622 portal. The mineralization is exposed in a small pit in monzonite. The rock is well fractured and sparsely mineralized with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The best-developed shearing strikes north 75 degrees east and dips 30 degrees southeastward; this is 15 degrees more northerly in strike and 10 degrees flatter in dip than the mine shear zone. Quartz stringers mineralized with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and grey copper occupy fractures which strike north 17 degrees east and dip 35 degrees southeast, and others which strike north 75 degrees east and dip 50 degrees northwest. There possibly are two ages of quartz present, the younger being white, less friable, and nearly barren of sulphides. The quartz is cut by a fault striking north 10 degrees west and dipping 32 degrees east. A fault with rusty gouge up to 2 inches wide is exposed in a road cut about 200 feet in the hangingwall of the mine shear and near 2,400 feet elevation. A sample of the gouge assayed 1.4 ounces silver per ton. The fracture strikes north 30 degrees east and dips 65 degrees northwest. Five new buildings with steel frames and metal sheathing have been constructed to house the offices, warehouse, first-aid room, dry, compressor-house, and machine- * By David Smith. t By N. D. McKechnie and David Smith. LODE METALS 103 shop. At the year-end a crew of 32 men was employed. (See Annual Report, 1960, p. 60.) MOUNT KATHLEEN Molybdenum (49° 119° N.W.) The Rat group consists of 22 mineral Rat* claims, Rat 1 to 12 and 17 to 26, held by record in the name of Orville Burkinshaw, 502 Fina Building, Calgary, Alta. The group lies immediately northwest of Glen Lake and is reached by a foot-trail which leads westward from the Pennask Lake road, at a point 13V_ miles from Peachland, up the east nose of Mount Kathleen. The regional geology is shown on Geological Survey of Canada Map 15-1961, Kettle River (West Half). Old workings on the property include an adit about 200 feet in length and a raise from the adit to surface, about 40 feet. It is not known when or by whom this work was performed, but it is within an area in which similar work (described in the 1898 and 1899 Annual Reports) was done by the Canadian-American Mining and Development Company. The ground in the vicinity of the old workings has been trenched and test-pitted by recent owners. The area is underlain by the " white " granodioritef of the Princeton map- area of Jurassic or early Lower Cretaceous age. In the vicinity of the workings it is slightly gneissic. The mineralization is associated with a white, siliceous, fine-grained but unevenly textured rock locally termed " white rock." In thin-section the rock is seen to be comprised chiefly of quartz with much altered plagioclase, carbonate, and phlogopite mica with lesser apatite and cordierite. It possibly is a silicified metamorphosed limestone intruded by granodiorite, but the observed contact relationships were not clear. Test-pits indicate that it underlies an area of about 200 by 500 feet; no rock is exposed on the eastern or downhill side of the workings. Mineralization consists of threads and stringers of molybdenite, with sparse coarse pyrite and rare chalcopyrite. It is entirely within the " white rock." PEACHLAND Copper-Zinc Rainbow and Patricia (Quinalta Petroleum Ltd.)$ (49° 119° N.W.) This property consists of the Rainbow 1-4, Patricia 1-10, and 40 other mineral claims, all held by record in the name of Orville Victor Burkinshaw, 502 Fina Building, Calgary, Alta. The claims are on Peachland Creek, upstream from its junction with Greata Creek, and 9 miles by motor-road westward from Peachland on Okanagan Lake. The regional geology is shown on Geological Survey of Canada Map 15-1961, Kettle River West Half. The claims are underlain by Nicola-like sedimentary and volcanic rocks which form a mass some 10 miles long and from one-half to 2 miles wide trending northwest-southeast. The mass is an inclusion in Nelson granitic intrusive rocks which in turn are cut by a small stock of Valhalla granite. At the working-site the rocks are limestone and quartzite beds, the limestone up to 6 feet thick, striking from north 5 degrees west to north 30 degrees east and • By N. D. McKechnie. t Geol. Surv.. Canada, Mem. 243, pp. 40-42. X By N. D. McKechnie. 104 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 dipping fairly uniformly at 30 degrees eastward. The sediments are cut by massive andesitic greenstone which is sparsely mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and black sphalerite. Very little sulphide was seen away from the greenstone. The workings consist of cuts in the hillside for a length of about 100 feet. Several short holes were diamond drilled. The work was done by Quinalta Petroleum Ltd., of Calgary, under the direction of F. Poznikoff. VERNON Copper (50° 119° S.E.) Company office, 736 Granville Street, Goodenough Vancouver 2. E. C. Oates, general manager; John Lamb, (Empire Develop- chief geologist. The company optioned the Win-Art and BR ment Company groups of 20 recorded claims from Alfred Holmwood, of Limited)* Kelowna. The property is 3 miles west of Okanagan Lake between Naswhito and Equesis Creeks, approximately 21 miles by road from Vernon. Two northwesterly trending subparallel bands of limestone are separated by 700 to 1,000 feet of altered and granitized volcanic rocks. Mineralization consisting of chalcopyrite, magnetite, and pyrite is associated with northwesterly trending shear zones in the volcanic rocks. In 1963 geochemical and geophysical surveys were made and were followed by bulldozer trenching. In 1964 a total of 3,371 feet of diamond drilling was done in 10 holes in anomalous areas. The option was dropped. The property was not visited. WESTWOLD Molybdenite (50° 119° S.W.) Company office, 718, 355 Burrard Street, Brenda (Northwest Vancouver 1; H. H. Huestis, president. The property con- Ventures Ltd.)t sists of 36 mineral claims held by record on the northwest side of the Salmon River, 4 miles southwest of the village of Westwold. From the Westwold-Douglas Lake motor-road at a distance of 4 miles from Westwold a logging-road leads northward about a mile and a quarter to the mineral showings at 2,750 to 2,800 feet elevation. The logging-road is passable with some difficulty by two-wheel-drive vehicles. The Brenda group includes ground formerly held as the Kennallan, or Ken- allan, group, and as such the molybdenite occurrence is described in some detail in the 1915 Annual Report, pages 217 to 219, and in Bulletin No. 9, pages 28 to 33. Molybdenite occurrences " at the rear of the settlement," which may be the same, are mentioned briefly in the Annual Reports for 1896 to 1901 as the Key group. The regional geology is shown on Geological Survey of Canada Map 1059a, Vernon. The working area is at the top of a knob and extends some 1,200 feet northerly by 900 feet easterly. It is more or less bounded by the logging-road and a drill- site access road branching from it to the east and north. The claims are underlain by basalts of the Kamloops volcanics, and by a window of Cache Creek sediments measuring about one-half mile wide in an east-west direction by about three-quarters of a mile north-south. The Cache Creek rocks are in contact with and intruded by diorite or quartz diorite of the Coast Intrusions. The intrusive rocks form a northern rim of the window. The Cache Creek sediments are crystalline limestone and grey to greenish fine-grained siliceous hornfels. The latter is locally metamorphosed to a lime- • By M. S. Hedley. t By N. D. McKechnie. LODE METALS 105 silicate skarn which also, though to a much lesser extent, occurs in the intrusive rocks. The crystalline limestone occurs in one principal band, which exposures indicate may be more than 150 feet thick but which appears to have a relatively limited strike length. The sediments strike a few degrees east and west of north and dip about 40 degrees westward. Only one fault was seen; it is about 6 inches wide, strikes north 25 degrees west, and dips 40 degrees southwestward. It is not mineralized. Tongues of diorite up to 200 feet wide occupy the northerly end of the area of exposures. They are conformable with the bedding, or nearly so. Mineralization consists of erratic concentrations of molybdenite in the skarn, with minor chalcopyrite and pyrite. It is almost wholly confined to the altered sediments. There are two principal exposures of molybdenite. The first, on the west side of the working area, is exposed in old rock trenches and is in skarn at and near contacts with crystalline limestone. The second is 1,200 feet distant to the northeast and is exposed in two old rock trenches about 150 feet apart. It is in skarn in hornfels at and near contacts with diorite. In both occurrences the molybdenite is spotty and statements of width have no meaning. The writer was unable to recognize any structures which might control the distribution of mineral. Two diamond-drill holes were drilled—one on the western side, the other on the eastern. The core was not accessible at the time of the writer's visit. „. , , SALMON ARM Nickel (50° 119° N.E.) Company office, 1686 West 69th Ave- Fly Hill (Barriere nue, Vancouver 14. Fourteen recorded claims, the Galaxy Lake Mines Ltd.)* 1-10 and Mark 1-4, were held under option from C. Bloomer, 1821 Fleetwood Avenue, North Kamloops. The property is on upper Gordon Creek, 3 miles west of Salmon Arm, and is reached in 7 miles by the Fly Hill forestry access road. Two diamond-drill holes, totalling 500 feet, were drilled. A crew of two was employed under the direction of T. Moore. Lead-Zinc-Copper SICAMOUS (50° 119° N.E.) Company office, 1413 Tranquille Road, Annis Mines Ltd.* Brocklehurst, Kamloops. J. S. McKechnie, Kamloops, president. This property of 17 recorded claims lies on the south shore of Shuswap Lake, 31/- miles west of Sicamous. Access is by one-half mile of logging-road from the Trans-Canada Highway. In 1958 an adit 85 feet long was driven to intersect the continuation of a surface showing. No mineralization is indicated in this adit. In 1964 several surface trenches were dug through the overburden with a bulldozer. Lead-zinc mineralization with some copper is indicated in these trenches. The country rocks are quartzites and schists. A crew of two was employed under the direction of D. Spankes. Lead-Zinc Bright Star Trio Mining Ltd.t MABEL LAKE (51° 118° N.W.) Company office, c/o W. Goebels, En- derby. The property includes 28 claims held by record and by bill of sale, comprising the Len, Deer, Rich, and Silver King groups. The property lies northwest of the east fork • By David Smith. t By N. D. McKechnie and David Smith. 106 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 of Kingfisher Creek, a southward-flowing tributary which joins the Shuswap River about one-half mile downstream from Mabel Lake. The property is reached by a logging-road which turns northward from the Enderby-Mabel Lake road about 1 mile west of Hupel. At 9 miles on the logging-road a jeep-road in very poor condition leads 1 V_ miles to the showings. The general geology is shown on Geological Survey of Canada Map 1059a, Vernon. The region is underlain by metamorphic rocks of the Monashee Group, of which a carbonate member is shown on the map on the east side of Kingfisher Creek and extending, from a point about 6 miles from its mouth, northward and eastward across the creek's east fork for a distance of about 4 miles. Sulphide mineralization occurs along this carbonate member. During 1964 work was done under option agreement by Sheep Creek Mines Limited. Six diamond-drill holes, totalling 642 feet, were drilled, and several open cuts were made by bulldozer and blasting over a distance of some 2,400 feet between elevations of 3,500 and 3,750 feet. A crew of four men was employed under the direction of R. H. Beaton. The option has been dropped. The carbonate member is exposed at intervals from Silver King No. 21 mineral claim northeastward to Rich No. 1 mineral claim, from which it passes outside the group. The member here is comprised of recrystallized impure limestone, biotite gneiss, and calcareous quartzite. The recrystallized limestone is composed chiefly of calcite with subordinate diopside, tremolite, biotite, apatite, and fluorite. All the exposures tested effervesced freely with cold hydrochloric acid. The bedded rocks are intruded by quartz-gabbro, biotite-granite, and pegmatite. The gabbro and granite are slightly gneissic; the granite contains noticeable amounts of red garnet. The pegmatite is comparatively massive and appears to be a sill. The exposures of gabbro and granite are too limited to show whether they are dykes or sills. One andesite dyke striking slightly west of north and dipping steeply northeastward was seen to cut the pegmatite and the granite. Minor folds were seen on axes striking north 25 to 35 degrees east. Two faults striking north to northeastward cut the sediments and pegmatite at the northern end of the workings. The displacements are not known. Mineralization includes pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and minor chalcopyrite and pyrite. Pyrrhotite occurs in masses in the recrystallized limestone and locally may almost wholly replace it. It occurs also with the other sulphides but usually in minor quantities. The other sulphides are found sparingly in the recrystallized limestone, and their best concentration is in highly silicified rock close to the pegmatite. The showings will be described from the lowest elevation to the highest, numbered 1 to 5. Showing No. 1 is at 3,520 feet elevation. A rock composed chiefly of quartz and pyroxene is mineralized with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. The mineralized bed is about 10 feet thick and is overlain by recrystallized limestone; the contact strikes north 40 degrees east and dips 35 degrees southeast. At 125 feet to the northeast on strike the mineralized bed has thinned to less than 1 foot. Showing No. 2 is 250 feet northeast of No. 1 at 3,565 feet elevation. A bed of silicified limy quartzite about 3 feet thick is strongly mineralized with pyrrhotite and sparsely with sphalerite. The footwall is a similar highly siliceous but finer- grained rock lightly mineralized with both pyrrhotite and sphalerite. The contact strikes north 15 degrees east and dips 50 degrees southeast. The hangingwall side is quartz gabbro. LODE METALS 107 Showing No. 3 is 1,700 feet northeast of No. 2 at 3,660 feet elevation. The rock is exposed in a vertical face about 20 feet high; at the top the rock is further exposed by stripping. Interbedded recrystallized limestone and gneiss are tightly folded on axes striking north 35 degrees east, and boudinage structure of limestone fragments in gneiss is common. The principal mineralization is in a rusty zone exposed on the vertical face. Sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite are concentrated along fractures having the following attitudes: Strike north 25 degrees west, dip 82 degrees northeast; strike north 80 degrees west, dip 85 degrees south; and strike north 15 degrees east, dip 45 degrees northwest. Pyrrhotite is prominent but bears no apparent relationship to this fracturing. A fracture striking north 18 degrees west and dipping 80 degrees southwest contains pyrrhotite only, but its relationship to the other fractures is not known. Showing No. 4 is 350 feet northeast of No. 3 and at 3,665 feet elevation. A bed of silicified quartzite in contact with pegmatite is exposed for a width of about 20 feet. In the hangingwall a band of gneiss is separated from the quartzite by a tongue of pegmatite. A thin limestone bed within the quartzite strikes north 39 degrees east and dips 85 degrees northwest. The quartzite is mineralized with -60 'V A/ ,0/ & ^;%A-v; A"f;^:'.v f/sssl[-~U\;''St'"'!',','.-! ^/;^AvA"A'AAA'!v,<2 /XsacAA^AA a„ „ !%^»?a ^;AA-A fssfV-l'f//i-is -Zs'^ sills 5V?«^-A '%%A#?rA'.^ J] Pegmatite \ Gneissic granite lAv/'l Silicified quartzite ^^^3 Andesite dyke Sea U JFeet Figure 12. Bright Star Trio. Geology at main showing. 108 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite; most of the sulphides are in and near a narrow zone of fracturing striking north 40 degrees west and dipping 65 degrees southwest. Showing No. 5 is the principal one and is illustrated by Figure 12. It is 250 feet northeast of No. 4 at an elevation of 3,730 feet. The showing consists of a fold-like structure in a highly silicified rock consisting of quartz with remnants of diopside and a few grains of zoisite. The silicified rock is intruded by a body of pegmatite. On the western side the pegmatite is in contact with a gneissic biotite granite containing red garnets. An andesite dyke striking north 15 degrees west and dipping 65 degrees northeastward cuts all the other rocks. The fold-like structure is offset by a northeast-striking zone of discontinuous fractures which dip nearly vertical. The sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite mineralization is confined to the quartz- diopside rock and is best developed in and near the apices of the folds. Pyrrhotite is minor in amount but appears to be confined to the same rock as the other sulphides. The bearing of a line joining showing No. 1 to showing No. 5 is north 30 degrees east, in general parallel to observed bedding. There is no good evidence that the mineralization follows any one horizon aside from the major one of the carbonate member itself. It is possible, in view of the tight folding and the quite consistent association of the zinc-lead-copper mineralization with fractures, that the occurrences are on a zone of movement which has its principal expression in the tight folds. Such a zone would have a width of at least 400 feet if all five mineral showings were assumed to be included in it. Pyrrhotite is of common occurrence, but it does not appear to bear any direct relationship to the distribution of other sulphides, save that in nearly massive bodies of pyrrhotite there are almost invariably no other sulphides. This would have a bearing on the application of magnetic survey methods. (50° 118° N.W.) Company office, 1150 Bay Avenue, Kingfisher (The Trail. This property consists of 65 recorded claims in the Consolidated Min- Mabel Lake area. Access is by the logging-road that passes ing and Smelting the Bright Star property. The claims lie on the east fork of Company of Can- Kingfisher Creek at an elevation of 2,600 feet. In 1964 a ada, Limited)* magnetometer survey accompanied by geological mapping was carried out. Four diamond-drill holes totalling 370 feet were drilled. A crew of two men was employed under the direction of R. G. Gifford. OLIVER Gold-Silica (49° 119° S.W.) Mine office, Box 106, Okanagan Falls. Smuggler* This property, of seven recorded claims and the leased Powis Crown-granted claim, lies just west of the golf course, about 4 miles southwest of Oliver. Trenching along the strike of the exposed vein was continued to an approximate depth of 8 feet. About 20 tons of ore has been hand- cobbed and stockpiled for shipment to Trail. In October, 1964, this property was sold by the owner, K. G. Ewers, to World Wide Development Company, Toronto. A diamond drill was placed on the property and several holes drilled; results were not available. Two men were employed on the property under the direction of Mr. Ewers. * By David Smith. LODE METALS 109 (49° 119° S.W.) Mine office, Box 106, Okanagan Falls. Susie* Operator, K. G. Ewers. The Susie Crown-granted claim is under lease from Fairview Mining Company, Wallace, Idaho. Mining is carried out on the surface. Ore is a siliceous quartzite carrying low gold and silver values. Approximately 1,211 tons has been shipped to the Trail smelter as a flux. Access is by good mining-road 7 miles to the west of Oliver. Two men were employed under the direction of Mr. Ewers. OSOYOOS Copper-Molybdenum (49 ° 119 ° S.E.) The Gem group, consisting of 14 recorded mineral claims, 3 mineral leases, and the Gem Crown-granted claim, is owned by Kenneth Butler, R.R. 1, Osoyoos. It is situated about one-half mile west of Osoyoos Lake near the International Boundary. The option held by Sheep Creek Mines Limited was dropped. Work in 1964 consisted of trenching and some surface exploration. Two men were employed under the direction of Mr. Butler. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 65-67.) Gem, Dividend- Lakeview* BEAVERDELL Silver-Lead-Zinc Highland-Bell (Mastodon- Highland Bell Mines Limited)* (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 502, 1200 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Beaverdell. K. J. Springer, president; O. S. Perry, manager; A. Zelmer, mine superintendent. The property consists of 32 Crown-granted and 4 recorded claims. Production for 1964 was obtained from the 2850, 2900, and 3000 levels, the main haulage being the 2900 adit. Development work underground has been continuous on all levels. In 1964 normal production has been 95 tons per day, of which about 87 tons was put through the mill and the remainder was hand-picked and discarded as waste. A 6- by 6-foot ball mill was installed as an addition to the grinding circuit. The following is a summary of operations for 1964:— Drifting and crosscutting Raising _ Ft. Diamond drilling 2,342 684 7,905 A total of 25,090 tons of ore was milled. Concentrates were shipped to Trail. An average crew of 49 men was employed, of whom 25 worked underground. Copper (49° 119° S.E.) This property of 16 recorded claims lies on the west slope of Mount Wallace. It is accessible by the Goat Peak road, a distance of 3 miles to the east of Beaverdell. Considerable bulldozing and surface exploration were carried out in 1964. The work was done under the direction of Minex Development Ltd., 310 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; F. J. Hemsworth, consulting engineer. Van, Rocco Plata (Red Rock Mines Ltd.)* ' By David Smith. 110 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 „ GREENWOOD Copper (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 3837 Angus Drive, Cabin Group (Tri- Vancouver 9. J. V. San Severino, president; Gordon form Mining Ltd.)* Hilchey, project manager. The property consists of 71 claims held by record, 3 mineral leases comprising 4 former Crown-granted mineral claims, and 4 Crown-granted claims. The ground lies south and west of Boundary Falls, on the Osoyoos-Greenwood highway, and extends southward to the international boundary. The working area, about 3 miles south of Boundary Falls, is reached by a passable dirt road. The property includes the old Sappho workings, which are now full of water. In the period 1916-18, 112 tons of ore shipped contained 197 ounces of silver and 13,580 pounds of copper. Present work consists of diamond drilling at the Sappho workings to test a geomagnetic anomaly thought to lie at a depth of about 200 feet, beneath that of the early work. At the time of the writer's visit the required depth had not been reached by the drill. The rocks exposed in the open cuts are altered andesite porphyry, gabbro, and amphibolite, which form part of a body of such rock some 600 feet wide and 1,200 feet long trending northeastward. The relationships of the three rock types are not clear, though the andesite porphyry appears to be the oldest. Mineralization consists of pyrite and chalcopyrite and appears to be confined almost entirely to the amphibolite. Work done in 1964 was 2,300 feet of trenching and 1,580 feet of diamond drilling. Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 405, 25 Adelaide Street Skomac Mine West, Toronto, Ont; mine office, Greenwood. T. J. Wilkin- (Ganda Silver Mines son, president; R. D. Bell, secretary; A. E. Edwards, mine Ltd.)* manager; A. C. Howe, consultant. Early in 1964 this com pany acquired control of Skomac Mines Limited. The property is reached by 2V_ miles of dirt road north from the Grand Forks-Osoyoos Highway on the west side of the bridge across Boundary Creek. The mine area is underlain by black schistose Palaeozoic argillites (Geol. Surv., Canada, Paper 65-1, p. 58). In the workings a mylonitic rock composed of quartz grains and scapolite in a talc matrix forms the hangingwall of the vein in the face of No. 4 adit, and a rock composed of anhedral scapolite in a talc matrix is exposed in No. 5 adit. A post-mineral porphyritic diorite dyke is exposed in No. 5 adit. The deposit is a pinching and swelling quartz vein occupying a shear striking about north 35 degrees west and dipping about 60 degrees northeast. Locally the strike may vary as much as 10 degrees, and dips as low as 35 degrees occur in the workings. The shear is about 10 feet wide and the quartz has a maximum width of about 6 feet. The quartz is mineralized with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and argen- tite. A polished section showed some very small spots of polybasite in the galena. Scarce chalcopyrite is found both as separate grains and as blebs in coarse pyrite. The writer was told that native silver has been seen in the vein. The mine is developed mainly by No. 4 and No. 5 levels, which are 45 feet apart. No. 4 level is a drift some 400 feet long and No. 5 level is a drift about 115 feet long; the three higher adits are very short. In 1964 most work was done on No. 5 level. Ore shipments to the Trail smelter amounted to 530 tons. * By N. D. McKechnie and P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 111 Underground work was stopped early in the fall, and later efforts were limited to diamond drilling from surface. Copper (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 821, 789 West Pender Iva Lenore Street, Vancouver 1. Dennis Johnston, president; F. D. (Silver Dome Mines Stanley, secretary; R. E. Renshaw, engineer in charge of Limited)* operations at Greenwood. The property consists of 41 re corded mineral claims and 3 mineral leases located south and west of Buckhorn Creek and about 1V_ miles west of Greenwood. The mineral leases include the Iva Lenore and Tam O'Shanter (see Ann. Repts., 1921-22) former Crown-granted claims. The property is reached by the Haas Creek road, which leads southwestward from the Greenwood-Deadwood road at about 1 mile northwest of Greenwood. In 1964 approximately 10 miles of road and 13,000 lineal feet of stripping were made by bulldozer and 6,118 feet of diamond-drill holes was drilled. Grid lines were cut and magnetometer and geological surveys were carried out. Stripping and drilling were chiefly at the Iva Lenore showings and northwestward toward the Tam O'Shanter. The principal rock types are Knob Hill quartzose rocks, which are composed almost wholly of silica but which megascopically have the texture and appearance of recrystallized limestone; Knob Hill greenstones, which are epidotized and serpen- tinized basalts and andesites in which few of the original minerals are recognizable; and Nelson intrusives, which are grey medium-grained crystalline rocks that in thin- section are seen to be composed chiefly of secondary minerals, including talc, sericite, cordierite, calcite, chlorite, zoisite, and quartz. The principal mineralization is in the Knob Hill greenstones. No sulphides were seen in the quartrose rocks. In the Nelson intrusive rocks, pyrite is occasionally prominent with or without quartz; chalcopyrite is very sparse; molybdenite, in quartz, is rare. In the greenstones the mineralization is of two kinds—disseminated sulphides and quartz stringers containing sulphides. The disseminated sulphides are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. The quartz stringers contain molybdenite and sometimes also chalcopyrite. Occasional grains of molybdenite look like disseminations, but close examination shows them to be associated with threads of quartz. Native copper occurs in the greenstones. Hematite stringers are found in all of the rock types. Where seen by the writer, on surface and in the cores from two drill-holes, mineralization is sparse, although the extensive rock alteration suggests that a more concentrated mineralization may be found. Copper-Gold-Silver Phoenix Copper Company Limited; PHOENIX (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; mine office, P.O. Box 490, Grand Forks. L. T. Postle, president; P. R. Matthew, manager; J. S. Kermeen, mine superintendent; G. Hingley, mill super- * By N. D. McKechnie and P. E. Olson, t By P. E. Olson. 112 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 intendent. The property consists of 117 mineral claims, of which 55 are Crown- granted, 48 are recorded, and 14 are held under five leases. Mining is by open-pit methods. The following table shows 1964 production:— Ore (Tons) Waste (Tons) Old Ironsides 675,562 2,576,103 Idaho 31,637 49,845 Snowshoe 10,970 Nil Stemwinder 11,005 21,615 Totals 729,174 2,647,563 The majority of blast-holes are drilled with two Ingersoll-Rand drillmasters, one of which was purchased in 1964. Blasting is done with AN/FO, which is mixed on the property, and a minor amount of commercial slurry where holes are very wet. Loading is carried out by three diesel shovels with dipper capacities of 1 V_, 2 V_, and AVi cubic yards. Hauling is done with 20- and 35-ton trucks. The main Ironsides pit was extended to the planned perimeter and the floor of the pit was extended to the 10th bench, the first lift below natural drainage. There were no major changes in the mill, which treated 686,267 tons of ore during 1964. A ventilation system was partially completed in the crushing plant, and a new front-end loader was purchased to handle ore stockpiled near the crusher bin. The tailings-disposal area was enlarged, and a new 16-stage vertical turbine pump was installed to replace the pump used previously for water reclamation. Hydrocones are used at the tailings pond to facilitate dam-building. These machines remove sands from the tailings and pile this coarser material on the dams while the finer portion is removed to the main settling areas. Concentrates are hauled by truck to Vancouver, for shipment to Japan. The company employed 109 men, as follows: Open pit, 39; surface, 18; mill, 35; and staff, 17. GRANBY RIVER Copper (49° 118° N.E.) Company office, 1824, 355 Burrard Franklin Camp Street, Vancouver; field office, Grand Forks. Northwest (Franklin Mines Ventures Ltd., The Buttle Lake Mining Company Limited, Limited)* and Huestis Mining Corporation Ltd. hold equal interest in Franklin Mines Limited. Franklin Mines Limited holds 257 mineral claims in the Franklin Camp area, which is on the Granby River 40 miles north of Grand Forks. The season's work, carried out by an average crew of 10 men, was under the direction of T. Lisle and P. Chilcott. Some 26.5 miles of new road was put in, followed by 672,000 square feet of stripping and trenching and the cutting of 32 miles of grid lines. Geological mapping, soil-sampling, and magnetometer surveys were carried out, followed by sampling of mineralized zones. Work was started in late May and continued to October 23, 1964. , , _. _ McRAE CREEK Lead-Zmc-Lopper (49° 118° S.E.) Company office, 325, 1155 West Georgia Ajax (Christina Street, Vancouver 5; field office, Christina Lake. The prop- Lake Mines Ltd.)* erty is in Burnt Basin, between Texas Creek and McRae Creek on the east side of Christina Lake. It consists of the •ByP.E.OUon. LODE METALS 113 Galena recorded claim and the former Ajax Crown-granted claim held under mineral lease. During August and September the company did some road-building and some bulldozer stripping along a contact between a skarn zone and granite. This work was followed by diamond drilling of favourable areas. The exploration programme was stopped in December. Gold (49 ° 118 ° S.W.) Company office, Suite 3, Laudin Building, Albion (Albion Castlegar. W. W. Schwartzenhauer, president and manager. Mining Co. Ltd.)* During 1964 the Albion was under option to East Utah Mining Company, with C. D. Chisholm in charge of operations. The property consists of six Crown-granted mineral claims. It is on a height of land between McRae and Big Sheep Creeks at an elevation of 5,600 feet, 2V_ miles by road south of Mile 25 on the Christina Lake-Kinnaird highway. The main showing is on the Albion No. 2 mineral claim. It is a quartz vein which contains minor amounts of pyrite and galena and is exposed by cuts, drifts, and shafts over a length of several hundred feet. East Utah Mining Company did some bulldozer stripping through deep overburden and located a quartz vein south of the former workings. Four hundred feet of diamond drilling was done in this area, followed by 35 feet of shaft which was driven at 30 degrees from horizontal. This shaft followed the exposed quartz vein but was abandoned and allowed to flood after the company ran into difficulties. Twenty-five tons of ore was sorted from the sinking operation and was shipped to the Trail smelter. Four men were employed by East Utah Mining Company from September to December. The ownership of the Albion reverted to Albion Mining Company about December 15th. ROSSLAND Copper-Gold (49° 117° S.W.) In 1964 the company name was changed Velvet (Mid-West to Mid-West Mines Limited from Mid-West Copper & Ura- Mines Limited)* nium Mines Ltd. Of the 6,000,000 shares authorized for the new company, 1,339,085 shares have been issued. S. E. Cropper is chairman of the board of directors. The property consists of 9 Crown-granted claims, 10 recorded claims, and 1 mineral lease. The mine and mill were operated during January, when 1,736 tons of ore was treated. At the time the mine was closed, R. LeFevre was in charge of the operation. Molybdenum (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 404, 409 Granville Coxey (Torwest Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, Rossland. W. E. Garnett, Resources (1962) president; W. G. Hainsworth, consulting geologist in charge Limited)! of operations. The Coxey group consists of 13 claims situ ated about 1 mile northwest of Rossland on Red Mountain and the valley of Little Sheep Creek. The group, including the Coxey, Jumbo, and several other old Crown-granted claims, was acquired late in 1963. Geophysical surveys were run in January, 1964, and in March diamond drilling started on electromagnetic and magnetic anomalies * By P. E. Olson. t By P. E. Olson and M. S. Hedley. 7 114 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 on what was assumed to be the extension of the Rossland North Belt of veins. Some holes were later drilled on the presumed extension of the oreshoot on the Jumbo, a former gold-producer. Interest then shifted to a series of old surface workings on the Coxey claim in which molybdenite was known to be present. Open cuts and pits on the Coxey are on a north 15 degrees west zone mineralized with iron sulphides and molybdenite. The rocks are fine-grained banded meta- morphics of sedimentary origin, and include what are locally called tuffs. Diamond drilling started in midsummer of 1964 on the Coxey zone along east- west lines 80 feet apart. From drill sites at 50-foot intervals along these lines, two holes were drilled, one vertical and one 30 degrees to the south, with the result that a mineralized block was outlined that extended to a depth of about 50 to 55 feet from the moderately sloping surface. In August a second zone was discovered, west of the first, and diamond drilling was done on it. The geological significance of the mineral zones is not apparent. In October control of the property was turned over to Metal Mines Limited, who started a diamond-drill programme to check the results of the Torwest drilling. Thirty-four drill-holes put down by Metal Mines Limited on a 50-foot grid pattern are reported to confirm the presence of 350,000 to 400,000 tons of ore grading 0.57 per cent molybdenum sulphide. Three drills were operated during the year by a contractor who employed an average of 14 men. Molybdenum (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 506, 540 Burrard Street, St. Elmo (McKinney Vancouver 1; field office, Rossland. R. W. Hunstone, presi- Gold Mines dent; J. E. R. Wood, vice-president and managing director. Limited)* This company holds options on the St. Elmo, Golden Queen, Surprise, and Gertrude Crown-granted mineral claims which adjoin the Coxey group of claims held by Torwest Resources (1962) Limited. Geophysical surveys and soil-sampling were done during the fall. Diamond drilling was started late in 1964, using a hydraulic drill and AX core. Gold I.X.L.*—(49° 117° S.W.) J. A. Ruelle and Associates shipped 0.11 ton of high-grade ore from the I.X.L. to the Trail smelter. The I.X.L. Crown-granted mineral claim is 1 V_ miles west of Rossland. Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.W.) This property is owned by Warren Crowe, Sunset* of Trail, and consists of 22 recorded claims and the Sunset Crown-granted claim, on which most of the work was done. During early 1964, Utica Mines Ltd. had an option on this property. The option was dropped in the spring. The property is on the Canada-United States border, about 1 mile west of Paterson. In January and February, Utica Mines Ltd. drilled 13 diamond-drill holes on the Sunset, totalling 2,911 feet. After the option was dropped, Mr. Crowe accumulated 7 tons of better-grade ore, which was shipped to the Trail smelter. This ore assayed as follows: Silver, 11.5 ounces per ton; lead, 7.1 per cent; zinc, 23.9 per cent. * By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 115 Mineralization occurs as lenses in steeply dipping fractures which strike east- west and vary in width from several inches to several feet. Later in the year Mr. Crowe had some bulldozer trenching done to the west of known vein outcrops. TRAIL Gold (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, Suite 408, 470 Granville W.D. (Columbia Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, Trail. James A. Farrell, River Mines Ltd.)* president; H. McKenzie, mine manager. Capital: 6,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The property consists of 24 mineral claims situated on the west side of Columbia River, 5 miles south of Trail. Drifting and crosscutting amounted to 350 feet and diamond drilling amounted to 739 feet in six holes. The No. 1 vein was explored over a length of 130 feet at an elevation of 2,020 feet, and for 125 feet along a sublevel at an elevation of 2,050 feet. Drifting along the No. 2 vein amounted to 25 feet by the end of 1964. Ore shipments to Trail amounted to 110 tons. From July through to the end of 1964 a crew of four men operated the mine under the supervision of Andy Pompu. NELSON Silica (49° 117° S.W.) Bryan's Transfer Company Ltd., of Holmes* Trail, shipped 107 tons of tailings from the old Ayerton Cohen mill site situated immediately southeast of Grohman Narrows on Kootenay Lake. This property is owned by Capt. W. L. H. Holmes, of Nelson. The tailings contain silica and minor amounts of silver. YMIR Gold (49° 117° S.E.) This property consists of the Goodenough Goodenough* Fraction Crown-granted mineral claim and four recorded claims adjoining, situated on the north side of Wildhorse Creek, 6 miles by road from Ymir. The claims are owned by A. L. Weber, 147, 33—76th Avenue, Flushing, N.Y. Adits on the Goodenough were retimbered and air and water fines were installed, but no actual mining had been done when operations were suspended due to lack of funds. Four men were employed for 3V_ months under the direction of J. L. Hendricks. SALMO Erie Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Gold This property is leased by G. D. Fox, of Trail, from J. Rus- New Arlington* sell, Borrega Springs, Calif. The property is on Rest Creek, 7 miles by road from Salmo. A new drive was put in on the Arlington vein on the Directorate mineral claim for a distance of about 100 feet, 60 feet below the 80 level. A total of 4,168 tons from the old dumps, containing 548 ounces of gold and with a high silica content, was shipped to the Trail smelter. • By P. E. Olson. 116 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Sheep Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Gold-Silica The Gold Belt mine is a former producer on Sheep Creek, Gold Belt* lying north of the Queen and south of the Reno holdings. A. Endersby and sons, of Fruitvale, worked the property and shipped a total of 115 tons of ore grading about 0.58 ounce per ton of gold and containing sufficient silica to cover smelting charges. About 35 tons of ore came from the lower workings and the remainder was removed from a pillar in a surface open cut. Silica The Kootenay Belle mine is on Sheep Creek, 9 miles by road Kootenay Belle* from Salmo. Old dumps which were left when the mine closed down have become commercial because silica is purchased for fluxing at the Trail smelter. The dumps also contain minor amounts of gold. Bryan's Transfer Limited, of Trail, shipped 6,098 tons of dump material to the trail smelter. A front-end loader and tandem trucks were used. Gold-Silica The Queen mine is situated on the south side of Sheep Creek, Queen* about one-half mile southeast of the old town of Sheep Creek. A. Endersby and sons recovered 42 tons of silica-gold ore from the edge of the glory-hole, which they shipped to the Trail smelter. Lead-Zinc Aspen Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Company office, Trail; mine office, Salmo. D. S. Camp- H.B. (The Con- bell, property superintendent; R. R. McMichael, mine super- solidated Mining intendent; P. Conder, mill superintendent. The H. B. mine and Smelting is on the west side of Aspen Creek, with the main camp on Company of Canada, the north side of Sheep Creek, 7 miles by road from Salmo. Limited)* The ore occurs as galena-sphalerite-iron replacement of dolo mite. About 73 per cent of ore production came from the No. 1 orebody, in which the ore is mined by long-holing from sublevels located on the ore boundaries and is scraped to ore-passes from draw points in scram drifts. The total long-hole footage for the year was 66,703 feet, a drop of 11 per cent from the long-hole footage of 1963. The X-l, X-2, and X-4 orebodies, which are flat- lying offshoots from the No. 1 orebody, produced 27 per cent of the mine production. Mining of these flat orebodies is done with jacklegs, which are used to bench and slash the ore. Weaker zones of mineralization are left for roof support in the flat orebodies. Vertical rib pillars are left between stopes in the No. 1 orebody. These are eventually removed by long-hole methods when stoping is finished. Development footages were as follows:— Ft Drifting and crosscutting 1,521 Sublevels 2,732 Raising 2,086 Underground diamond drilling was 3,762 feet and surface diamond drilling was 6,802 feet. Development of the Garnet zone of mineralization was started during the year, by raising up from the main haulage level (2800 level). Of the total consumption of explosives, AN/FO, manufactured at the company plant at Kimberley, amounted to 82 per cent, and regular explosives 18 per cent. * By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 117 Ore production amounted to 477,800 tons, all of which was milled. A new electrical substation was built on the 2800 level to supply power to the south end of the mine. Development waste was used to backfill some sections of the flat stopes, while the remainder of the waste went to the 2800 level waste dump. The company entered a mine-rescue team in the West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition, which was held in Nelson. The working force at the H.B. mine was 121 men and women, 93 of whom were hourly paid employees. Iron Mountain (49° 117° S.E.) Lead-Zinc Head office, 700 Burrard Building, Vancouver; mine office, Jersey (Canadian Salmo. C. E. Brown, mine manager; J. W. Robinson, mine Exploration superintendent; B. Wilson, mill superintendent. This corn- Limited)* pany is a wholly owned subsidiary of Placer Development Limited. The property is reached by two roads which leave the Salmo-Creston highway 4 and 6 miles respectively south of Salmo, the north (Emerald) road being the main access road. The lead-zinc concentrator is beside the Salmo-Creston highway, at the junction with the south (Jersey) road. Ore is transported to the mill by a conveyor system from the underground crusher at the mine. The mine, offices, and camp are located on the summit between Sheep Creek and Lost Creek. All production came from the Jersey lead-zinc mine. The ore occurs in relatively thin, gently dipping beds of dolomite and is a pyrite, galena, and sphalerite replacement type of deposit. Mining is done by conventional room and pillar open sloping, using jacklegs and slushers. Broken ore is loaded and hauled to the crusher pocket by trackless diesel-powered equipment. Mine production totalled 411,605 tons, being 409,018 tons from sloping, 1,735 tons from the open pit, and 852 tons from pillar recovery. The mill treated 407,062 tons of ore. The lead concentrates and approximately one-third of the zinc concentrates were shipped to the Bunker Hill smelter at Kellogg, Idaho; the balance of the zinc concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. Development consisted of 10,363 feet of drifting and crosscutting, 724 feet of raising, and 17,560 feet of diamond drilling. This programme resulted in increased ore reserves and subsequently the temporary suspension of the pillar-recovery programme. AN/FO blasting agent constituted 71 per cent of the total explosives used. During the year 187 persons were employed by the company, 137 of whom were paid by the hour. The company entered a mine-rescue team in the West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition held in Nelson. NELWAY Lead-Zinc (49 ° 117 ° S.E.) Company office, 410 Metropolitan Build- Reeves MacDonald ing, 837 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Mines Limited* Remac. L. M. Kinney, general manager; F. R. Thompson, mine manager; W. Pollock, mine superintendent; J. M. Mc- Dearmid, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Reeves MacDonald mine is on the north side of the Pend d'Oreille River, on the Nelway-Waneta road, 4 miles west of Nelway. Mineralization consists of galena, * By P. E. Olson. 118 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 sphalerite, and pyrite replacement in the Reeves limestone. Orebodies have been developed by the 1900 level main haulage and internal shafts, the deepest of which nearly reaches sea-level. The property resumed normal production on January 9th following a strike that lasted most of 1963 and was settled on December 20, 1963. Most of the ore production comes from long-hole stopes, from which ore is scraped to ore-passes from draw-holes located along scram drifts at the bottom of the stopes. One sloping method employs parallel down-holes drilled from sublevels which are first slashed to ore extremities prior to the long-hole drilling. This method supplies most of the total mine tonnage. Where ground conditions are uncertain, sublevels are driven along the edge of the orebodies and fans of long-holes are drilled from these levels. In both of these techniques a vertical slot is cut across the ore zone to provide a free face for initial stope blasts. In 1964 long-hole drilling amounted to 50,566 feet of 2%-inch hole and 24,647 feet of 3-inch hole, using tungsten carbide bits and extension steel driven by percussion machines. Exploration and development resulted in the advances tabulated hereunder:— Ft. Raising 3,094 Drifts and crosscuts 5,244 Test-hole drilling 4,416 Diamond drilling (underground) 7,050 Diamond drilling (surface) 2,664 A ventilation raise, which was driven parallel to No. 3 shaft, was completed during 1964. This was rendered necessary by a 79-per-cent increase in production from below the 1900 level in 1964. Mining produced 397,269 tons of ore, all of which was milled in 1964. Lead and zinc concentrates were shipped to the smelter at Kellogg, Idaho. The company employs 117 men, 93 of whom are paid on an hourly basis. Gold SUMMIT CREEK (49° 116° S.W.) Company office, 404, 409 Granville Bayonne (Bayonne Street, Vancouver 2. W. E. Garnett, president; W. G. Mine Ltd.)* Hainsworth, consulting geologist in charge of operations. The property consists of 25 recorded and 17 Crown-granted mineral claims situated near the head of Bayonne Creek. The mine is reached by 5.6 miles of road that leaves the Creston-Salmo highway 4.7 miles east of the summit. Some rehabilitation work was done near the portal of No. 8 level on the "A" vein, and underground sampling was done around old stopes in 1964. Surface construction was done, and the bunk-house and fine-ore bins were finished. Six men were employed under the supervision of Maurice Mathieu. NORTH KOOTENAY LAKE Silver-Lead-Zinc Rl0NDEL (49° * 16° N"W-> Company office, Trail; mine office, Riondel. J. B. Donald, Bluebell (The Con- property superintendent; A. Richardson, mine superinten- solidated Mining dent; T. F. Walton, mill superintendent. The mine is at and Smelting Com- Riondel, on a small peninsula on the east shore of Kootenay pany of Canada, Lake, 6 miles north of Kootenay Bay. A paved road con- Limited)* nects Riondel to the Southern Trans-Provincial highway. The mine is serviced mainly by the No. 1 shaft, inclined at • By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 119 — 35 degrees, which is in the footwall of the ore zone. Levels, which are at 150- foot intervals, service the Kootenay Chief zone on the south, with No. 2 and No. 5 levels extending north to the Bluebell and Comfort zones. Mining is done by open-stope and cut-and-fill methods. The latter employs deslimed tailings which are pumped from the mill to the backfill areas via 4-inch plastic pipes. A total of 78,000 cubic yards of backfill was placed in this manner. The ore, which is a galena-sphalerite-pyrrhotite replacement in limestone and dolomite, is slashed with jacklegs and scraped to mill holes or chutes. The ore zones are irregular and quite rich, so they are mined selectively. All hoisting of ore is done with special skips in the No. 1 shaft. Total development footages were as follows:— Ft. Comfort zone 1,800 Bluebell zone 5,500 Kootenay Chief zone 5,600 Total 12,900 Thermal conditions are frequently encountered, mainly in development headings, with production of carbon dioxide gas and hot water containing a high percentage of dissolved mineral. These conditions have necessitated the installation of high-capacity pumping-stations and ventilation fans. The Comfort zone ventilation was improved by the installation of a 25,000-cubic-feet-per-minute fan on the surface, which is downcast. A start has been made on a new ventilation system for the north end of the mine. This is to be put into operation in 1965 and will downcast an additional 100,000 cubic feet per minute into the mine. At the end of 1964 the ventilation capacity of the entire mine was about 200,000 cubic feet per minute. Regular tests are made of the mine air, and special additives are put into the mine water to prevent a build-up of scale in the rising mains. Stand-by units can be energized, and ventilation and pumping reactivated, from surface controls in less than 60 seconds. Underground grouting consumed 4,600 sacks of cement and has reduced the flow of carbon dioxide and thermal water on No. 8 level. Production amounted to 257,871 tons of ore, all of which was milled. Concentrates are loaded onto railway cars, which are transported by barge to Procter and thence by rail to the Trail smelter. Mine-rescue and first-aid classes are well attended. Two teams competed in the West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition and placed first and second. The team captained by Ben Ramage came second in the Provincial competition held in Kamloops. Employment at the operation is as follows: Staff, 40; surface, 32; mill, 15; underground, 129; total, 214. Silver-Lead-Zinc Richard First.*—This Crown-granted mineral claim is owned by Richard S. Dean, Box 1358, Rossland, and is situated at Deanshaven, 2 miles north of Kootenay Bay on the east side of Kootenay Lake. Wayne Turley and Terry Bunt, of Nelson, worked the property and shipped 32 tons of sorted ore to the Trail smelter. » By P. E. Olson. 120 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Ainsworth (49° 116° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc The Krao Crown-granted mineral claim is 3 miles west of Krao* Ainsworth and is reached by a road that leaves the highway at Ainsworth. The property is under lease to T. Lane, of Ainsworth, who worked it during the summer months with the help of D. Curry. A back-hoe was used to strip a vein which outcrops along Krao Creek about 500 feet south of the Krao mine. Ore shipped to the Trail smelter, totalling 45 tons, assayed: Silver, 6.3 ounces per ton; lead, 8.9 per cent; and zinc, 8.3 per cent. Black Diamond.*—The Black Diamond Crown-granted mineral claim is 2 miles west of Ainsworth. During the summer of 1964 T. Lane and D. Curry leased the property and shipped 6 tons of ore to the Trail smelter. The shipment assayed: Silver, 55.0 ounces per ton; lead, 26.9 per cent; and zinc, 7.2 per cent. Company office, 400, 837 West Hastings Street, Vancouver Triumph (Blue Star 2; mine office, Ainsworth. E. L. Borup, managing director; Mines Limited)* C. Lind, mine manager. The property is situated to the south of Lendrum Creek, about 3 miles by road from the Balfour-Kaslo highway. In 1964, No. 7 level, which is the old Silver Glance adit with portal on Lendrum Creek, was extended 140 feet. No. 6 level, 1,500 feet to the southeast and about 400 feet above No. 7 level, was reopened and prepared for mining. From above the No. 6 level, 2,400 tons of ore was stoped. About 1,300 tons of this ore was shipped to a stockpile near the Yale mill at Ainsworth. The Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited mill was purchased in 1964, and rehabilitation work commenced at the year-end with a view to treating Triumph ore. At the end of 1964 Blue Star Mines Limited employed nine men. Woodbury Creek (49° 117° N.E.) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc The Scranton mine was held under lease by Blue Star Mines Scranton (Blue Star Limited. Company office, 400, 837 West Hastings Street, Mines Limited)* Vancouver 2; mine office, Ainsworth. E. L. Borup, managing director; C. Lind, mine manager. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, no par value; 2,058,000 issued. On the Pontiac 260 feet of drifting was done to extend the lowest level well beneath areas stoped in 1953, but no ore was encountered. On the Scranton 687 feet of diamond drilling was done from the surface. Seven men were employed from July to October. Silver-Lead-Zinc The Sharon group of recorded mineral claims is located on Sharon* the north side of Woodbury Creek, about 3 miles from the Ainsworth-Kaslo highway. These claims are held by T. D. Logan and Associates, of Nelson. A shear zone which crosses the claims strikes approximately north-south and dips steeply to the west and is referred to locally as the " soft lead." A minor amount of surface stripping was done on this property in 1964 and 3 tons of ore was shipped to the Trail smelter. * By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 121 KEEN CREEK Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 611, 850 West Hastings Cork Province Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Kaslo. J. H. Greenwood, (London Pride president; H. M. Burns, secretary-treasurer; D. Davidson, Silver Mines Ltd.)* mine manager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. The property consists of nine mineral claims situated on the east side of Keen Creek, 6 miles from the Kaslo-New Denver highway. The mine is developed from the No. 3 level, which serves as a main haulage. There are two levels above and five levels below No. 3, those below being serviced by a vertical internal shaft. The property was idle since 1953, and the levels below No. 3 level were flooded during that time. In 1964 London Pride Silver Mines Ltd. obtained an option from Base Metals Mining Corporation Limited to buy the property. The terms of the option are $10,000 per year or 50 cents per ton nulled, whichever is greater, over a period of 10 years. Unwatering of the lower workings began in June, and was completed in early September. General mine sampling was followed immediately by development and stoping, and shortly by milling. The lower parts of the mine were partially developed prior to shut-down in 1953, so very little dead work was necessary in order to start production. Development and stoping were confined to the lower three levels, with most production coming from the 701 and 760 stopes. Development amounted to 297 feet of drifts and crosscuts and 175 feet of raising. Production, which includes development and exploration tonnages, amounted to 5,432 tons, all of which was milled. Tramming on No. 3 level is done with four Granby cars and a diesel locomotive. The mill produced 171 tons of lead concentrates and 526 tons of zinc concentrates under the direction of Harvey Mclntyre, mill superintendent. The concentrates were trucked to the Trail smelter under contract. Forty men were employed by the company, some of whom lived in the camp at the mine. Zinc (49° 116° N.W.) The Elna recorded mineral claim is at Elna* the old Canadian Pacific Railway station of Zwicky, near the confluence of Kaslo and Keen Creeks. Wayne Turley, of Nelson, recovered 6 tons of zinc concentrate which had been spilled while being transferred from trucks to Canadian Pacific Railway cars. These concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. KASLO Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, Kaslo. W. W. Tyler, Utica (Lamint managing director. Lamint Mining Corporation has a lease Mining Corpora- on the Utica mine from Lajo Mines Limited. The property tion Ltd.)* consists of 17 claims situated near the head of Twelve Mile Creek, about 15 miles west of Kaslo. The property is serviced by a road which leaves the Kaslo-New Denver road 11 miles from Kaslo. Mining commenced on August 16th and terminated on October 31st. The mill was operated on an intermittent basis. During the period of operation 1,590 tons of ore was produced, 1,000 tons of which was old backfill and dump rock. Some stoping was done along the walls of previously mined areas on No. 4 level. The mill treated the entire mine production and produced 39 tons of lead concentrates and 120 tons of zinc concentrates. Metal content: Gold, 6 ounces; • By P. E. Olson. 122 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 silver, 12,104 ounces; lead, 29,598 pounds; zinc, 133,932 pounds; cadmium, 800 pounds. All concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. A crew of nine men operated the mine and mill. RETALLACK-THREE FORKS Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 117° S.E.) Company office, 15816—112th Avenue, Charleston Edmonton. The name of the company was changed from (Buchanan Mines Corean Mines Ltd. to Buchanan Mines Ltd. in 1964. Ltd.)* During the summer considerable road work and surface stripping were done with a D-7 bulldozer, mainly on the Charleston Crown-granted mineral claim. This work was followed by 500 feet of diamond drilling which was laid out to intersect known lode structures. Work was terminated early in September. (50° 117° S.E.) Company office, 404, 409 Granville London, Panama Street, Vancouver 2. R. Falkins, secretary; W. G. Hains- (Vimy Explorations worth, consulting geologist. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, 50 Ltd.)* cents par value. The property consists of 13 mineral claims on the southeast slope of London Ridge, north of Bear Lake. The access road to the property was cleared and a camp set up at 6,500 feet elevation. This was initially serviced by ground vehicles and later by helicopter as heavy snows closed the road. From a point 82 feet vertically below the original adit, 425 feet of crosscut was driven. This crosscut did not intersect any vein material before the project was shut down due to severe winter conditions, although the drive was only 50 feet from the downward projection of the lode. The work was carried out by a contractor who employed an average of six men. (50° 117° S.E.) The Jo Jo is on the east side of Kane Jo Jo* Creek, 3 miles from Three Forks and immediately north of the McAllister mine. Frank Mills and Joe Hambly worked on the property under the direction of Fred Hemsworth and associates, who have an option on the property. The road to the Jo Jo was repaired, the surface buildings reroofed, and the No. 3 portal retimbered. Work was carried out over a three-month period in the summer. (50° 117° S.E.) Company office, 114 West 15th Street, Antoine (Antoine North Vancouver; mine office, Kaslo. W. Bandeen, presi- Silver Mines dent; T. Merrifield, secretary; W. E. Seines, mine manager, Limited)* The company was incorporated in the summer of 1964 following completion of an agreement with L. N. Garland, the previous owner. The property consists of the Antoine group of five Crown- granted and three recorded mineral claims. The Soho group of eight Crown-granted mineral claims is held under an option agreement. The property is reached by 9 miles of road, which leaves the Kaslo-New Denver highway 3 miles east of Three Forks. The main camp is at an elevation of 7,000 feet. Prior to the inception of the public company, L. N. Garland shipped 9 tons of sorted high-grade ore that had been mined during 1963. Antoine Silver Mines Limited drove 510 feet of drift and crosscut on No. 5 level in 1964, and disclosed one section of ore over a length of 125 feet, 90 feet * By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 123 southeast of the former face of the main crosscut. This oreshoot is called the Ogema vein and lies about 250 feet southwest of the oreshoot on the Antoine vein (see Annual Report, 1963, p. 75). The mine was being operated during the winter from a good camp, and six men were employed at the end of the year. (50° 117° S.E.) Company office, 509, 626 West Pender Washington (Larch Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, New Denver. Alfred Pegg, Mining Limited)* president and manager. Capital: 100,000 shares, no par value, 44,047 issued. Larch Mining Limited has sub-leased the Washington from Adrian Kesler, who in turn has a four-year lease from Washington Mines Ltd. The property is situated on the south side of McGuigan Creek at an elevation of about 6,000 feet and is serviced by the Rambler-Antoine road that leaves the Kaslo-New Denver highway 3 miles east of Three Forks. In July a small bulk flotation mill was installed on the property to treat dump material. While operating, the plant treated about 40 tons of ore. Underground sampling was carried out along the perimeter of old stopes between No. 2 and No. 3 levels. The company employed four men during the summer months. SANDON Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street Victor (Violamac West, Toronto; mine office, New Denver. A. W. White, Mines Limited)* president; J. C. Black, manager. The Victor mine is 2V_ miles by road southeast of Three Forks. During 1964 the operation of the Victor mine was limited to two lessees, J. Stewart and E. Anderson, who mined above No. 4 level, and L. Fried and J. DeRosa, who mined on No. 5 level. Production is shown in the following table:— No 4 LeveI No 3 Levei Crude ore shipped (tons) 19 10 Crude ore milled (tons) 380 132 Gross metal produced— Gold (oz.) 10 2 Silver (oz.) 14,292 3,667 Lead (lb.) 95,933 25,092 Zinc (lb.) 73,422 49,001 Cadmium (lb.) 466 310 Milling ore was treated at the Carnegie mill near Sandon, on a custom basis. (49° 117° N.E.) The Hinckley Crown-granted mineral Hinckley* claim is situated on the southwest side of Carpenter Creek, about midway between Sandon and Three Forks. During 1964 the property was operated by a syndicate of five local men. W. D. Pengelly was in charge of operations. The lower adit of the Hinckley, which is collared 200 feet east of the eastern claim boundary, was extended 120 feet. Scattered amounts of galena mineralization were encountered in the new work and several tons of shipping ore was accumulated by hand-sorting. Two men were employed for part of the year. (49° 117° N.E.) The Idaho Crown-granted mineral claim Idaho* is situated near the peak of Idaho Mountain and is reached by road past the Queen Bess mine. The claim is under lease • By P. E. Olson. 124 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 to M. Tarnowski and J. Nesbitt, of Silverton, who worked the property on a casual basis. In September a shipment of 3 tons of selected high-grade ore was made to the Trail smelter. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 373 Baker Street, Nel- Wonderful (Silver son; mine office, Sandon. R. A. Grimes, managing director; Ridge Mining Ted Kleim, mine manager. The property is about 1 mile Company Limited)* west of Sandon on the Idaho Peak road. The mine is developed by four adits, the first two of which were driven in early days to prospect for the source of high-grade float found on the Wonderful Crown-granted mineral claim. The No. 2 level was extended a further 620 feet during 1964, with no mineralization encountered. The crew consisted of three men, who worked under the direction of Mr. Kleim, of Sandon. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street Silversmith, West, Toronto; mine office, New Denver. A. W. White, Richmond-Eureka, president; J. C. Black, manager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, etc. (Carnegie no par value. This company is controlled by Violamac Mines Mining Corpora- Limited. The property consists of 46 Crown-granted and 6 tion Limited)* recorded mineral claims, all situated immediately southwest of Sandon. Subsequent to the cessation of operations by Silmonac Mines Limited, Carnegie Mining Corporation Limited explored below the old Ruth workings. From the inner face of the original No. 5 level a drill station was established at the end of a new crosscut 197 feet long. Some 2,359 feet of diamond drilling done from this point failed to disclose a downward extension of the Ruth lode, and operations were suspended in December. During 1964 the Carnegie mill treated a total of 1,018 tons of ore on a custom basis under the supervision of K. Gordon, mill superintendent. This ore came from the Silversmith, Slocan Star, and Victor properties. Rabbitt Paw Section.—E. Perepolkin and J. Irwin, of New Denver, leased an area immediately above No. 10 level. They extracted a total of 455 tons of ore from the old workings. Of this total, 10 tons was shipped to the Trail smelter and the remainder was milled on a custom basis at the Carnegie mill at Sandon. Gross content in ore and concentrates: Gold, 2 ounces; silver, 3,923 ounces; lead, 40,143 pounds; zinc, 58,577 pounds; cadmium, 386 pounds. Slocan Star Section.—Under lease, L. Fried and E. DeRosa, of New Denver, produced from old dumps and surface stripping 60 tons of mill feed and 7 tons of shipping ore. Gross metal content in ore and concentrates: Gold, 0.5 ounce; silver, 829 ounces; lead, 7,994 pounds; zinc, 21,269 pounds; cadmium, 136 pounds. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 808, 602 West Hastings Silmonac (Silmonac Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, New Denver. Finances Mines Limited)f for this company are supplied by Oil Participations Incorporated (13.6 per cent), Silver Standard Mines Limited (28.8 per cent), Moneta Porcupine Mines Limited (28.8 per cent), and Violamac Mines Limited (28.8 per cent). Violamac Mines Limited continues to supply direction for Silmonac; J. C. Black, manager. The property consists of 69 Crown- granted claims lying west of Sandon. Access to the Silmonac workings is through Carnegie-held ground, along the Ruth No. 5 level. This level was extended 1,040 feet during 1964, and 321 feet of raising was done to explore lode strands discovered while drifting. Considerably * By P. E. Olson. t By P. E. Olson and M. S. Hedley. LODE METALS 125 more " porphyry " was encountered than was understood to occur from knowledge of the area! geology. As is the general rule in this part of the Slocan, the lode does not represent a single fissure but appears to result from complex adjustment along a zone of movement. Diamond-drill stations were cut and 5,015 feet of drilling was done to explore the vein structures and look for new mineralized zones. No commercial amounts of ore were located, and the operation was shut down for the winter on December 15th. An average of 10 men was employed. (See Ann. Rept., 1963, p. 76.) (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 645 Hornby Street, Reco (Reco Silver Vancouver 1; mine office, Sandon. S. E. Cropper, president; Mines Limited)* S. D. Anfield, secretary. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The property consists of 26 Crown-granted claims and 5 recorded claims situated immediately northeast of Cody. Work done on the Reco during 1964 includes the rehabilitation of four adit portals, cutting of 18,000 feet of base-line and cross-lines, and the taking of 250 soil samples. The perimeter of the holdings was tied in by survey. A crew of four men worked for the company for a period of four months, under the direction of W. S. Ellis, engineer in charge. (49° 117° N.E.) The Deadman lode, part of the Noble Deadman* Five property at Cody, is held under lease by L. Fried, of New Denver. During 1964, Mr. Fried shipped 9 tons of ore, grading 26 per cent lead and 58 ounces per ton silver, which he hand-sorted from old dumps. Several tons of milling ore was accumulated during the hand- sorting operation. (49° 117° N.E.) The Shady recorded mineral claim is Shady* about 1 mile east of Cody, on Carpenter Creek. N. Sibilleau, of Rossland, did some bulldozer stripping, which uncovered boulders of lead-zinc mineralized material. This material was hand-sorted, and 7 tons was shipped to the Trail smelter. SLOCAN LAKE Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 1011, 2200 Yonge Hecla, Mammoth, Street, Toronto 12; mine office, Silverton. J. C. Byrne, Standard (Johnsby president; R. C. Phillips, mine manager; R. T. Avison, mine Mines Limited)t superintendent. Capital: 3,500,000 shares, $1 par value. This company was formed in 1962 as a result of an agreement between Western Exploration Company Limited, Rayrock Mines Limited, and Faraday Uranium Mines Limited. Work was confined to the Hecla drift, which is 3,300 feet long on the course of the Standard-Mammoth lode. The drift was not extended, but 4,764 feet of diamond drilling was done to investigate the lode, which had not been followed continuously by the drift. In addition, 960 feet of drifting and crosscutting was done and 250 feet of raising. Three oreshoots, ranging from about 100 to 150 feet long, were encountered, and stopes were started at approximately 700, 1,400, and 1,700 feet east of the portal crosscut. These stopes are down dip from and about 1,000 feet below the lode where it is exposed in the bed and western bank of Emily Creek. The stopes are west of the downward projection of the Monarch and Hecla zones. * By P. E. Olson. t By P. E. Olson and M. S. Hedley. 126 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Stoping commenced in August. Heavy timbering and mechanical ventilation were necessary before stoping could be successfully carried out. The mill operated continuously after August on a one-shift-per-day basis and treated 3,033 tons of ore. Production: Silver, 36,908 ounces; lead, 156,969 pounds; zinc, 165,155 pounds. Twenty-one men were employed during the latter half of 1964. The company decided to purchase custom ore from small producers in the Silverton area and installed a crusher to permit sampling of small lots. Milling on a custom basis amounted to 1,506 tons. Hecla Mine Lease.—A. Elsmore and M. Fryters leased the Hecla ore zone on the Mammoth No. 7 level and produced 8 tons of mill-feed and 5 tons of shipping ore. The mill feed was purchased by Johnsby Mines Limited. Total metal production amounted to: Silver, 1,407 ounces; lead, 6,177 pounds; zinc, 3,307 pounds. Fryters and Elsmore operated their lease on week-ends and holidays. (49° 117° N.E.) This property is under lease to Frank Hewitt* Pho and Jack Kelly, of Silverton. The mine is on the south side of Silverton Creek, about 3 miles east of Silverton. Early in 1964 Kelly and Pho deepened the internal shaft to No. 12 level and developed the Hewitt oreshoot from No. 12 to No. 11 level. They mined 1,372 tons of mill-feed from the ore zone and then allowed the workings below No. 10 level to flood. The ore was treated at the Standard mill at Silverton and the concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. Production: Silver, 35,374 ounces; lead, 105,100 pounds; zinc, 155,878 pounds. (49° 117° N.E.) The Galena Farm is 2V_ miles south of Galena Farm* Silverton, and is reached by a road that leaves the Slocan- New Denver highway at Silverton. The Galena Farm is under lease to Frank Mills, of Silverton, who worked the mine with the help of Joe Hambly during 1964. Mining was limited to pillar recovery and stoping adjacent to previously mined sections on the footwall of the Noonday vein. Production of 126 tons was treated at the Standard mill at Silverton. Concentrates contained: Silver, 594 ounces; lead, 1,919 pounds; zinc, 26,379 pounds. (49° 117° N.E.) The Freddy fractional mineral claim is Freddy* about 3 miles south of Silverton, immediately north of the Galena Farm mine. V. C. Hansen, the owner, and H. Lyon worked the property during the summer months and hand-sorted 16 tons of ore which was shipped to the Trail smelter. An attempt was made to collar a shaft over the vein, but heavy overburden was encountered and the shaft was abandoned. ENTERPRISE CREEK Silver-Gold (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, Nelson. E. F. Reuther, Jumbo (Vern president; J. H. E. Ebert, secretary. This is a private corn- Mines Limited)* pany with a capitalization of 100,000 shares, no par value. The Jumbo group of 10 recorded mineral claims is on the south side of Enterprise Creek, 8.3 miles from the Slocan-New Denver highway. S. Berisoff, of Silverton, the original locator of these claims, sold the property to Vern Mines Limited early in 1964. A bulldozer was used to strip the vein at four • By P. E. Olson. LODE METALS 127 points over a length of several hundred feet. Erratic values in gold, silver, and lead are found in small lenses in a large shear within granite of the Nelson batholith. The shear has an east-west strike and is nearly vertical in dip. A sample of ore weighing 1,100 pounds was run through the Kenville mill at Blewett. Silver Boomerang and Richmond* (49° 117° N.E.) The Boomerang and Richmond recorded mineral claims are situated on the south side of Enterprise Creek, about 12 miles from the Slocan City-New Denver highway. The claims were worked by the owners, George Forster and P. A. Ward, of Trail. The workings consist of two adits and a small stope which were worked early in the century. Ward and Forster drifted around the caved stope, but their efforts were hampered by an unexpected break-through into the stope. A compressor was winched up to the workings from the Enterprise Creek road. SPRINGER CREEK Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) The White Hope mine is operated by D. White Hope* F. Bentley and Associates, of Slocan City. The property is immediately east of the Slocan City-New Denver highway, 4 miles north of Slocan City. The property is explored by three adits and several open cuts that explore mineralized fractures in granite. The principal showing is on No. 2 level, which has a total of 500 feet of drifts and crosscuts. A mineralized shear exposed over a length of about 100 feet has an average width of about 10 inches. Ten tons of this material was shipped to the Trail smelter. No. 3 level was reopened and prepared for drifting, which is intended to explore ore located on No. 2 level, some 100 feet vertically above. A crew of four men worked on the property during most of the year. Silver Ottawa (Ottawa Silver Mines Limited)* (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, Suite 201, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Box 75, Slocan City. J. L. Wilson, president and managing director; J. R. McLean, secretary. The mine is 5 miles by good road from Slocan City and the mill is 2V_ miles from Slocan City on the same road. The mine operated from January to the end of August, when the operation shut down pending settlement of management disputes and a re-evaluation of the operation. Drifting and crosscutting on No. 9 level amounted to 700 feet, and 125 feet of short raises were driven from these openings. No. 9 level is an exploration drive on the Ottawa vein system that has not been connected to the upper workings. The exploration work done on No. 9 level has located only minor amounts of silver ore, and no stoping has been done in this area. Raising and drifting between No. 8 and No. 6 levels amounted to 863 feet. Stoping and development ore from this area made up the 6,400 tons trucked to the mill. Concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. Diamond drilling was started near the end of 1964, and 363 feet was done by December 31st. Drilling was confined to the area between the two lowest levels. The company employed 30 men prior to shutting down in August. * By P. E. Olson. Johnsby Mines Limited, Silverton. Portal of Hecla adit. / 1 Camp on Big Ledge property, west of Pingston Creek. LODE METALS 129 (49° 117° N.E.) The Anna group of mineral claims is Anna (Silver King owned by Silver King Mines Limited; mine office, Slocan Mines Limited)* City. Benjamin Marasek, president and manager. The mine is on the north side of Springer Creek and east of the Ottawa mine. It is reached by 5 miles of road from Slocan City. The mine was worked briefly by Mr. Marasek and son, who drove a crosscut to the west from No. 4 level for about 40 feet. Silver ore was shipped from a mineralized zone on No. 4 level that had been discovered in 1963. The shipment of 3 tons went to the Trail smelter. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 570, One Thornton Meteor (Cultus Court, Edmonton; mine office, Slocan City. J. F. Sullivan, Explorations president; Harry Hewat, mine manager. The property con- Ltd.)* sists of 19 Crown-granted and recorded mineral claims and fractions at the head of Tobin Creek, a tributary of Springer Creek. The mine is 9 miles by road from Slocan City. The mine and mill operated fairly continuously until November 6th, when the camp was closed for the winter. Development and exploration work included 600 feet of diamond drilling and 405 feet of raising, drifting, and crosscutting. Stoping and development work produced 1,890 tons of ore, all of which was milled. The flat-lying vein proved very difficult to follow and values were somewhat unpredictable. Steeply dipping normal faults with small displacements were encountered during stoping. All work was confined to an area on and immediately above No. 6 level. The milling operation was hampered by frequent break-downs and occasional shortages of ore. During 1964, 38 tons of concentrate was produced and shipped to the Trail smelter. Twelve men were employed. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 809, 525 Seymour Arlington Street, Vancouver 2. B. I. Nesbitt, managing director. The (Arlington Silver property consists of 16 mineral claims on the north side of Mines Ltd.)* Springer Creek, 6.7 miles by road from Slocan City. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. " B " level was driven 310 feet to a point 660 feet from the portal. Mineralized vein material was encountered along this drive. Four men were employed by the contractor. Shipments of crude ore were made from old dumps, amounting to 123 tons. Some road work and surface stripping were done during the summer. NAKUSP Silver (50° 117° S.W.) The NePe consists of eight recorded NePe* mineral claims situated on the south side of Slewiskin Creek. The property is reached by 2 miles of fair road that leaves the Nakusp-Needles highway 7 miles south of Nakusp. The claims are owned jointly by P. Hurry, F. H. Jordan, and F. D. Jordan, all of Nakusp. The property is developed by two levels which are 50 feet vertically apart. The upper level explores a narrow quartz vein which is sparsely mineralized with pyrite and argentiferous tetrahedrite. Some hand-sorting has been done, and the resulting ore stockpiled at the portal. The lower adit intersects the same vein about 90 feet from the portal. Drifting on the vein amounts to nearly 100 feet, but very little mineralization was found. Many faults have stepped the vein off about 2 or 3 feet each to the right. • By P. E. Olson. 130 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 PINGSTON CREEK Zinc (50° 118° N.E.) The Big Ledge property consists of 44 Big Ledge (The Crown-granted and 25 recorded mineral claims, situated Consolidated Min- along the north side of Trout Creek, a tributary from the ing and Smelting west of Pingston Creek. The property is owned by The Company of Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Canada, Limited)* Limited. Showings of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and sphalerite occur on the claims along a layer, known as the Ledge, of fine- to medium-grained mica schist and quartz mica schist with calcareous lenses. It forms part of a sequence of high-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Shuswap metamorphic complex that includes also quartzite and marble. The Ledge ranges from 75 to 200 feet thick, strikes east, and dips at moderate angles to the south. It has been followed from near Upper Arrow Lake to alpine country west of the lake at elevations of 6,000 to 7,000 feet, a distance of more than 6 miles. Distribution of zinc in the Ledge is erratic, the average grade is low, but some bodies of massive sulphides are relatively high grade. The showings have been explored in two main periods—one before 1928 and the other, by the Consolidated company, between 1947 and 1953. The early work consisted of trenching, some underground work, and about 3,400 feet of drilling. More than 20,000 feet of drilling was done between 1947 and 1953, as well as geochemical and geological work. From July through September of 1964, geological mapping, surveying, and drilling were done on the western part of the Ledge, which had not been tested before. A tent camp, established and maintained by helicopter, was made on Iron Lake at the head of Trout Creek at an elevation of 6,000 feet. Drilling amounted to 4,740 feet of AX core in 11 holes spaced at intervals along the Ledge westward from near Iron Lake. Nine men were employed under the direction of J. M. Allen. NORTH LARDEAU Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 117° N.W.) Company office, 401, 1033 Davie Street, Spider (Sunshine Vancouver 5; mine office, Camborne. The company owns Lardeau Mines the Spider mine on Pool Creek, 2 miles by road from Cam- Limited)t borne. The mine has been shut down since May, 1958, when falling metal prices and difficult mining problems resulted in a management decision to suspend operations. By that time all available ore above No. 10 level had been extracted and some underhand stoping had been done below No. 10 level. In 1964 the mine roads were cleaned out to the No. 10 level portal and an exploration programme was carried out to determine the ore situation below No. 10 level. The programme involved 25 AX diamond-drill holes and approximately 200 feet of drifting. The holes were drilled to intersect the No. 4 vein over a length of 400 feet, and to a depth of 225 feet, below No. 10 level in a 50-foot grid pattern. Seven men were employed during the summer and fall under the direction of K. G. Sanders. * By J. T. Fyles. t By P. E. Olson. I LODE METALS 131 Beatrice (Dakota Silver Mines Ltd.)* (50° 117° N.W.) Company office, Enderby; field office, Beaton. This company owns a group of claims at the head of the east fork of Mohawk Creek at an elevation of 7,000 feet. The main workings, which consist of four adits, are on the Beatrice Crown-granted mineral claim. The company repaired and relocated 4 miles of tractor-road which leaves the Spider mine road about \Vi miles from Beaton. Although this road was used by four-wheel-drive vehicles, it was better suited for use by crawler-type vehicles. The old mine buildings were cleaned and repaired and a few new prefabricated buildings were put up. A minor amount of mine rehabilitation was done by a crew of five men under the direction of John Graham. Work continued through to the year-end by a crew who stayed at the mine. Teddy Glacier (Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited)! (50° 117° N.W.) Company office, 401, 1033 Davie Street, Vancouver 5. L. G. White, president; J. J. Sullivan, consulting engineer. The property consists of a block of 23 claims at the head of the middle fork of Sable Creek, about 10 miles due north of Beaton. The old mine road from Camborne to the Teddy Glacier was repaired and some new road put in under very trying conditions. Upon completion of this work it was possible, on occasion, to service the property with four-wheel-drive vehicles. Considerable service was supplied by helicopter from Revelstoke. Exploration was confined to the Bell claim group, which covers the main showings. These showings are quartz veins in complexly folded and sheared dark-grey phyllites, grits, and limestones. Two of the larger veins containing galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite have been explored in the past by an adit at an elevation of 7,800 feet above sea-level (see Ann. Rept., 1935, p. E 21). The veins dip steeply, strike north 10 degrees west and north 17 degrees west, and the principal zone of sulphides is close to the point where they meet. Exploration by the present company included 2,176 feet of diamond drilling to test the extensions of these two veins to the south and in depth, but the results were not encouraging. Road work disclosed the presence of two new mineral showings about 3,000 feet southeast of the main showing. A limited amount of work on these new discoveries indicated that further exploration of them should be done. Employment averaged about eight men, who worked under the direction of K. G. Sanders. Work began in July and terminated in September when heavy snows arrived. SOUTH LARDEAU Lead-Zinc (50° 117° S.W.) The Vin property consists of 10 recorded mineral claims situated immediately south of Glacier Creek. It covers limestone and dolomite of the Badshot Formation on the eastern limb of the Duncan anticline (see B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 49, p. 65) and is on the same structure and formation as the Duncan mine a few miles to the northwest. Mineralization consists of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena disseminated in dolomite and siliceous dolomite. A small amount of hand-trenching was done in August by a crew of three men under the direction of G. M. Gibson. Vin (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited)! * By P. E. Olson. t By J. T. Fyles and P. E. Olson. 132 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 ROSE PASS Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 116° N.W.) This property is about 1 mile west of Humbolt* Rose Pass, which is on the summit between Crawford Creek and St. Mary River. It is reached by 15 miles of logging- road that leaves the Kootenay Bay-Creston highway at the Crawford Bay school. During 1964 the property, which consists of two Crown-granted and nine recorded mineral claims, was under option to Glen Champion and Nelson Norton, Kootenay Bay, from E. T. Coleman, of Nelson. A bulldozer was used to strip a section of the flat-lying vein in the vicinity of previously driven adits. Mineralization consists chiefly of bunches of galena, with minor sphalerite and pyrite in a gangue of milky quartz. A shipment of 6 tons of sorted ore was sent to the Trail smelter. MOYIE Gold-Silver (49° 115° N.W.) This property is adjacent to the No. 3 Midway (Calix highway, 5 miles southwest of Moyie, and was optioned by Gold Mines Ltd.)t the present company in 1963 for exploration. It is an old property, and a description has been given in past Annual Reports. The surface area at the mine was rehabilitated in 1964, and a new entrance was made to the portal of the lower tunnel to straighten the drift. Two new buildings were erected, one of which will be used as a wash-house and the other for housing a compressor. The work was done by contract. It started November 9th and was continued during the winter months. A crew of five men was employed. KIMBERLEY Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 115° N.W.) Company office, Box 1510, Station B, Sullivan (The Montreal 2; W. S. Kirkpatrick, chairman and president. Consolidated Western headquarters, Trail; D. D. Morris, vice-president Mining and Smelt- and general manager. Sullivan mine office, Kimberley; S. M. ing Company of Rothman, general superintendent; R. M. Porter, assistant Canada, Limited)! manager of mines; H. J. Chalmers, superintendent, Sullivan concentrator. The Sullivan mine is on Mark Creek, 2 miles north of Kimberley, and the concentrator is at Chapman Camp, 2 miles south of Kimberley. The holdings include 678 Crown-granted claims and fractions. The following report prepared by the management is a synopsis of the operations. " During 1964, about 2,700,000 tons of Sullivan ore were treated at the concentrator, 7% of which came from the open pit, 62% from above the 3900 level and 31% from below the 3900 level. " The total development footage was approximately 29,000 feet. " Backfill placed totalled 650,000 cubic yards made up of cave, float rock and development waste. " The ventilation system supplied and exhausted about 950,000 c.f.m. of air. A new forced-air intake (No. 41 shaft) to supplement 3900-level ventilation circuits was driven and will be ready for operation in 1965. Underground development work was commenced to provide for revision of the major ventilation circuits so that they will not conflict with hanging wall subsidence. • By P. E. Olson. t By D. R. Morgan. LODE METALS 133 "Experimental work on development ventilation resulted in the regular use of six-inch auxiliary ducting to bring fresh air right to the work face; significant reduction in drilling dust-counts can be attained. " In 1964 the Sullivan mine had 20 lost-time accidents including two fatalities. There were six lost-time accidents at the Sullivan concentrator. Accident frequency at the mine was 15.75 accidents per 1,000,000 man-hours worked, and 11.06 at the concentrator. The severity rate was 1209.0 calendar days on compensation per 1,000,000 man-hours worked at the mine, and 770.1 at the concentrator. "Fourteen Sullivan mine and concentrator employees obtained or renewed their Industrial First-Aid certificates, and 114 employees passed their St. John's first-aid examinations. A Sullivan mine team won the East Kootenay Mine Safety Association's senior men's first-aid competition. This team also won the Provincial men's first-aid competition. " Fourteen Sullivan employees obtained their mine-rescue certificates, making a total of 315 since training first started there late in 1929. A team from the Sullivan mine won the East Kootenay Mine Safety Association's mine-rescue competition. This team also won the Provincial mine-rescue competition held in 1964 at Kamloops. " The concentrator operated 258 days during 1964 at an average rate of 10,500 tons per day. Employees at the year-end totalled 716 at the mine and 291 at the concentrator." Lead-Zinc (49° 115° N.W.) Head office, 410 Metropolitan Building, Western Explora- 836 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Remac. tion (Reeves L. M. Kinney, general manager, Metaline Falls, Wash.; F. R. MacDonald Mines Thompson, superintendent. This property is located between Limited)* the headwaters of the east fork of Mark Creek and Mather Creek. It is 10 miles north of Kimberley, and can be reached by means of an old forestry road leading from the open-pit area of the Sullivan mine. The property comprises 110 Crown-granted claims which have been optioned from Western Exploration Company Limited, of Silverton, and six recorded claims located at the north end of the property. A small crew conducted a geophysical survey on the property during the summer of 1964. The work was under the direction of Roy Anderson, chief engineer of Pend Oreille Mines and Metals Company, of Metaline Falls, Wash. WASA Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 115° N.W.) Executive office, Osoyoos; mine office, Estella (Copper Cranbrook. T. G. Wilson, managing director; A. G. Ditto, Soo Mining superintendent; H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Ltd., con- Company Limited)* suiting engineers. This property is in a basin at the head of Tracey Creek, approximately 5 miles east of Wasa and 11 miles north of Fort Steele. The property is at an elevation of over 6,000 feet and is reached by an 18-mile road leading from Wasa. It was formerly operated by the United Estella Mines Limited, but was abandoned in 1955 when that company went into liquidation. The present company purchased the property in 1962, staked and recorded 42 additional claims, and has conducted a fairly extensive exploration since that time. Six claims have been relinquished, and the present property consists of * By D. R. Morgan. 134 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 12 Crown-granted and 42 mineral claims held by record. A detailed description of the property is given in the 1963 Annual Report. Activities in 1964 included 2,150 feet of drifting, raising, and crosscutting. Four diamond-drill holes totalling 1,385 feet were drilled from the surface to test the possible extension of the mine orebody and eight other diamond-drill holes totalling 604 feet were drilled in the mine. Most of the work in the mine was directed to the exploration and development of the 6250 (Rover) and 6464 levels in the upper part of the workings. The levels were driven a distance of 300 feet, and two raises were started during the latter part of 1964 to explore the continuation of the orebody between the two levels. Further exploration was also done in the No. 2 (Rover) shaft. Two sublevels were driven to explore the southeastern extension of the orebody, and another was driven in a northwesterly direction. The ore in most parts was 2 to 3 feet wide and it appeared fairly constant. All the development ore was dumped into a number of ore-passes from the 6100 (Estella) level for future loading, and there were no shipments of ore in 1964. A crew of eight men was employed for a period of nine months. The men stayed in a trailer camp near the portal of the 6100 (Estella) level. WINDERMERE Toby Creek (50° 116° S.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 6, 490 Baker Street, Nelson; mine office, Mineral King Toby Creek. J. R. Pyper, president; J. S. Mcintosh, man- (Sheep Creek aging director; J. B. Magee, resident manager. This mine Mines Limited)* is at Toby Creek, 28 miles southwest of Athalmer. It is reached by a good road leading from near Wilmer. The workings are in a mountain ridge between Toby and Jumbo Creeks. They are entered by four levels, of which Nos. 2, 3, and 7 have been driven at various elevations from the Toby Creek side, and No. 9 level, the lowest, from the Jumbo Creek side. There are four intermediate levels which do not extend to the surface. The mine is operated by the open-stope method, and the workings are in four irregular- shaped orebodies known as the "A," "B," "C," and "D" zones. The property comprises 23 Crown-granted and 17 recorded claims. A detailed description of the property is given in the 1959 and 1962 Annual Reports. The mine produced 183,971 tons of lead-zinc ore during 1964, most of the ore being mined from a number of stopes above No. 3 level. The remainder was produced during development. Total development included 2,783 feet of drifting, 1,063 feet of raising, and 37,490 feet of diamond drilling. The newer development was mainly in the lower levels, and diamond drilling below No. 9 level has indicated the continuation of the limestone with some good ore intersections. A decision was made in December to sink a production shaft to this point, and work to this end is now progressing. There was no production of barite during 1964. The mine is ventilated by mechanical and natural means. Approximately 30,000 cubic feet of air per minute is exhausted from the workings, and of this quantity 18,000 cubic feet per minute is supplied by a 15-horsepower electrically driven fan located in the No. 2 intake airway. This quantity was found to be sufficient for the requirements of the workings. The concentrator operated throughout the year and produced 3,467 tons of lead concentrates grading 65.46 per cent lead and 12,019 tons of zinc concentrates grading 55.84 per cent zinc. The concentrates were trucked to Invermere for ship- * By D. R. Morgan. LODE METALS 135 ment by rail. The average number of men employed was 97, of whom 56 were employed underground. Company office, 6, 490 Baker Street, Nelson; mine office, Paradise (Sheep Toby Creek. J. R. Pyper, president; J. S. Mcintosh, man- Cheek Mines aging director; J. B. Magee, resident manager. This prop- Limited)* erty is at the headwaters of Springs Creek, a tributary of Toby Creek, and is 20 miles by road west of Athalmer. The property is at an elevation of 7,800 feet. It has been mined for many years but, with the exception of a short period in 1960, has been inactive since 1955. A description of the property has been given in past Annual Reports. Several cuts were made along the outcrops of known orebodies for a period of two months during the summer of 1964, and 931 tons of ore was loaded and trucked to the concentrator at the Mineral King mine for treatment. A minor amount of drilling was done, and a crew of three men employed. Silver-Lead Registered office, Suite 303, 1075 Melville Street, Vancou- Delphine (Western ver 5. D. F. Farris, president. This property is on the Beaver Lodge north side of Delphine Creek, a tributary of Toby Creek, and Mines Ltd.)* is approximately 22 miles southwest of Athalmer. It consists of the Delphine and two other Crown-granted claims, one mineral lease, and two recorded claims. The property is at an elevation of 6,200 feet, and a detailed description of it is included in the 1915 Annual Report. The present company acquired the property in the fall of 1963. Some geological mapping was done in 1964, and a crew of three men drove a new adit for a distance of 325 feet, approximately 100 feet below the old Delphine tunnel. One diamond-drill hole totalling 125 feet was also drilled ahead of the drift. The formation was mainly a siliceous limestone, and some mineralization was encountered, but the vein was very narrow and scattered. Further exploration was suspended in July. The work was under the direction of R. Renshaw, consulting engineer. Horsethief Creek (50° 116° N.E.) Silver Head office, 805 Davenport Road, Toronto 4. A. E. Buller, Ptarmigan (Union manager. This property is at an elevation of 8,600 feet at Carbide Explora- the headwaters of Red Line Creek, a tributary of McDonald tion Limited)* Creek, which in turn is a tributary of Horsethief Creek. It can be reached by a 29-mile dirt road leading from Wilmer or a new 26-mile logging-road that was completed from Radium Junction in 1964. The property is an old one and records of it go back to the turn of the century. It is presently owned by Selkirk Ptarmigan Mines Limited, and was optioned by Belle Tahsis Mines Ltd. in 1963. The present company made an agreement with the Belle Tahsis Mines Ltd. to explore the property in 1964. A detailed description has been given in past Annual Reports. Some geological mapping was done in 1964, and a crew of four men drilled 13 diamond-drill holes totalling 1,250 feet in the lower level of the mine between July 7th and August 25th. The work was under the direction P. E. Geisterfer, geologist. * By D. R. Morgan. 136 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 REVELSTOKE Lead-Zinc (51° 118° S.E.) The Roseberry property is on the ridge Roseberry and between Carnes Creek and Kelly Creek, the north fork of A & E* Carnes Creek. The A & E property is on the south side of the upper part of the east fork of Kelly Creek, called Burke Creek. During 1964 work on the properties was done as a joint effort by Westairs Mines Limited, East Ventures Limited, and Stairs Exploration & Mining Company Limited, all with head office at Bathhurst, N.B. Work began on May 7th and was suspended October 12th. It consisted of geological mapping, prospecting, trenching, underground exploration, and 1,004 feet of diamond drilling. The geological mapping was under the general direction of Joe Sullivan, consulting geologist of Vancouver, and was done by contract. An area surrounding the two properties about 10 miles long in a northwesterly direction parallel to the regional strike of the rocks and 4 miles wide was mapped on a scale of 400 feet to the inch using air photographs and a specially prepared topographic base. North of the Roseberry property a new crosscut 320 feet long was made on the east side of Burke Creek less than half a mile above Kelly Creek. It was driven in graphitic schist on strike from the old showings on the Roseberry property but did not encounter significant mineralization. An old adit on the A & E property at an elevation of about 6,000 feet was extended 265 feet, and a mineralized zone was diamond drilled from this adit. The mineralized zone consists of fine-grained pyrite, sphalerite, and galena in contorted sericite schist interlayered with limestone. All men and equipment were moved by helicopter from a base camp on Burke Creek near the adit north of the Roseberry property. An average crew of 13 men was employed under the direction of J. E. McKinney. [References: Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1928, Pt. A, pp. 159, 171; Geol. Surv., Canada, Paper 64-32, pp. 31-33; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1933, pp. 211-212.] SKAGIT RIVER Copper (49° 121 ° S.E.) Company office, 1825, 355 Burrard Street, A.M. (Giant Vancouver 1. W. Clarke Gibson, president; L. P. Starck, gen- Explorations eral manager. This company is a wholly owned subsidiary Limited)! of Giant Mascot Mines Limited which has concluded an op tion agreement with Canam Copper Company, Ltd. to carry out exploration and development on the company's property near the western boundary of Manning Park. The property consists of eight Crown-granted claims and 59 recorded claims, and is about 4 miles by road southerly from Mile 30 on the Hope- Princeton highway. From 1930, when the property was first located, to 1963 a considerable amount of underground exploration has been carried out from nine adit levels, from No. 3 at 5,850 feet elevation to No. 15 at 4,300 feet elevation. A camp has been established near No. 15 level portal. Detailed descriptions of the geology of the property have been given in previous Annual Reports. The mineralization occurs in a pipe-like zone of brecciated sediments which has a known vertical range of 1,500 to 1,800 feet and a width of about 400 feet; the principal ore mineral is chalcopyrite. At the end of 1961 Canam Copper Company estimated reserves of potential ore at 2,069,500 tons grading 1.49 per cent copper, 0.026 ounce of gold, and 1.00 ounce of silver per ton. * By J. T. Fyles and W. C. Robinson. t By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 137 The present company began work on June 15th and continued to the end of 1964. Nos. 10 and 15 level were rehabilitated. A 280-foot raise was driven into the footwall side of the orebody from No. 15 level, and a 275-foot raise was driven in the footwall from No. 10 level. Five diamond-drill stations were established in these raises for the purpose of exploring the east and west limbs and the nose of the main orebody between 4,335 feet and 5,475 feet elevations. Fifty-six holes were diamond drilled, totalling 10,706 feet. A crew of 16 men was employed under the supervision of R. W. Foster. (See Annual Reports, 1959, pp. 122-124; 1954, pp. 152-159; 1949, pp. 210-213.) HOPE Nickel-Silver-Copper (49° 121° S.E.) Company office, 202, 736 Granville Street, Mammoth Vancouver 2. R. J. MacKinnon, chairman and property (Foundation Mines manager; N. Mussallem, president. Capital: 3,500,000 Limited)* shares, no par value. The company holds 55 recorded claims, including the Mammoth, Diamond, B.B., Star, Ruby, and Heart groups. These are at the old " 23-mile camp " near the confluence of the Sumallo and Skagit Rivers, 23 miles by road from Hope. Recent work has been concentrated on the Mammoth No. 1 and 2 claims. These are on the north side of the Sumallo River, close to the Hope-Princeton highway. Mineralization was discovered here in 1911, and the claims have been held by the present company since 1955. Some diamond drilling was done in 1955 and 1962. The claims are underlain mainly by altered volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Hozameen Group. A zone believed to consist of ultrabasic rocks contains pyrrhotite, and samples and drill cores of this material have indicated a low nickel, silver, and copper content. According to samples taken by the company, the nickel content of the mineralized zone is usually within the range 0.02 to 0.70 per cent. In 1964 two additional holes were diamond drilled from a drill-station 250 feet northwesterly from the previous sites. No. 1 hole was drilled 410 feet and No. 2 hole was drilled 507 feet. The object of this work was to test the continuity of the mineralized structure in this direction. Limited stripping and open cutting was also done. Nickel-Copper (49° 121° S.W.) Company office, 1825, 355 Burrard Pride of Emory Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, P. O. Box 820, Hope. (Giant Mascot W. Clarke Gibson, president; L. P. Starck, general manager; Mines Limited)! F. Holland, resident manager; K. Dahlke, mine superintendent; C. Coffey, mill superintendent; O. C. Gilroy, plant superintendent. The property is at the head of Stulkawhits (Texas) Creek, which flows eastward into the Fraser River about 6 miles north of Hope. From a point on the Trans-Canada Highway 10 miles north of Hope, a good gravel road 5.1 miles long leads up Stulkawhits Creek valley to the mill and surface buildings at the 2600 adit portal. The ore occurs in as many as 12 separate orebodies; in 1964 the major production (81 per cent) was from the Brunswick No. 2, Pride of Emory, and the 1600. The remainder of the production came from the Brunswick No. 1 and No. 5, 2663, 1500, 1400, and Dolly ore zones. The orebodies are steeply plunging pipe-like deposits and occur in an irregular stock-like intrusion of ultramafic rocks approxi- * By A. R. C. James. t By A. R. C. James and G. E. P. Eastwood. 138 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 mately Wx square miles in area. They comprise disseminated and massive sulphides, of which pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite are the most common. The mine is developed from two adit levels—the 3550 level, with portals on both west and east sides of the ridge, and the 2600 level, which is the main haulage level (see Fig. 13). Levels are designated by nominal elevation above sea-level. An ore-pass and internal inclined shaft join the two adit levels. Three other levels at 3,400, 3,250, and 2,950 feet elevation respectively have been developed from the inclined shaft. Workings above the 3550 level are reached by various raises. Two other workings are unconnected with these main workings—the No. 2 or Chinaman adit and a short adit and raise on the Dolly claim. Orebody. showing location on 3550 level except as noted in brackets p.e. Pride or Emory $7 Brunswick No.7 (PR) Orebody projected down-plunge to 3550 level _SjSS2S Figure 13. Giant Mascot Mines Limited. Positions of orebodies. The ore is mined by horizontal and vertical longhole blasting. Gardner-Denver D.H. 123 drills are used, and 2-inch holes are drilled with 1400 series equipment; Hard Metals rods and 2-inch Wickalloy bits are used. The long blast-holes are usually loaded with a commercial form of AN/FO. The bulk of the primary muck from the stopes is loaded into cars at mucking-machine draw points. Six Atlas Copco LM 56 loaders, one Eimco 24, and two Eimco 21 loaders are in use. At the 2600 level the ore is loaded from the ore-pass into 6-ton Granby cars and hauled to the mill by trolley locomotive. The following is a summary of mining and development in 1964:— Ft. Drifting and crosscutting 3,170 Raising 5,438 Diamond drilling 41,040 Blast-hole drilling 206,669 Principal development work done in 1964 was as follows:— (1) On the 3250 level the Pride of Emory B, C, and D zones were fully developed and brought into production. LODE METALS 139 (2) The Brunswick No. 2 orebody between 2800 and 2950 levels was developed and brought into production. This block would appear to be the final remaining reserve of this large orebody. (3) Further development was done on the 1400 orebody above 3,700 feet elevation, and at year-end an access and service raise for the 1400 and 1500 orebodies was being driven. This raise is planned to go to 4,000 feet elevation. (4) A crosscut was driven 200 feet to the 1500 orebody on the 3550 level. Diamond drilling to outline the orebody was completed and two raises were driven to 3,750 feet elevation in preparation for mining. (5) The 3254 crosscut was driven to a point 2,500 feet east of the shaft in preparation for development and mining. (6) A most significant development was the discovery and exploration of the 600 orebody on the 3250 level approximately 700 feet northeast of the shaft. A drift was driven 200 feet to the north in ore and an exploration raise was driven to 3,550 feet elevation. Further development and diamond drilling are in progress. (7) A crosscut was driven 200 feet to the north of the main 3254 crosscut to the 1900 orebody and a raise is being driven through to the 3550 level. (8) A new access raise was driven to the 2770 sublevel in the 2663 orebody above 2600 level. In the company's annual report dated December 21st, ore reserves are described as 1,014,840 tons grading 0.93 per cent nickel and 0.38 per cent copper; these figures are comparable to those for 1962 and 1963. The mill continued to produce a bulk nickel-copper concentrate which is supplied to the Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Ltd. The concentrates are trucked from the property to Vancouver Wharves Ltd. bulk-loading plant in North Vancouver by truck-trailer units. In 1964 a total of 319,801 dry tons of ore was milled. A total of 19,100 tons of bulk concentrate was shipped, containing 3,862,000 pounds of nickel and 1,952,000 pounds of copper. The crew in December comprised 161 men (including staff), of whom 91 were employed underground. General Geology The geology of the property has been described in papers and reports by Aho, Bacon, Cairnes, Cockfield and Walker, and Horwood, which are referenced below. The deposits are in a roughly triangular mass of mafic and ultramafic rocks, approximately 1V_ square miles in area, largely enclosed by diorite and related rocks. The mafic and ultramafic rocks include peridotite, pyroxenite, hornblendic pyroxenite, fine-grained and very coarse-grained hornblendite, norite, gabbros or diorites, and various hornblendic dykes. Schists are reported to occur extensively southeast of the mass and to be of sedimentary origin. Schists locally developed near the 1600 orebody, described briefly below, are believed to have had a different origin. The various mafic and ultramafic rocks appear to be irregularly distributed. Peridotite tends to form bodies isolated in pyroxenite and hornblendite. Norite and diorite (or gabbro) tend to occur as irregularly tabular bodies in pyroxenite and hornblendite, but it is far from certain that they have actually intruded the ultramafic rocks. In 1964, studies were largely confined to the vicinities of the 1400, 1600, and 600 orebodies, and petrographic work was not done. Therefore only brief notes can be added to the published information. The peridotite is dark grey to black, fine grained, and is not easy to recognize. It grades outward through olivine pyroxenite to pyroxenite and hornblende pyroxe- I 140 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 nite. The pyroxenites consist largely of dark-brown bronzite and are commonly medium grained. The hornblendites are greenish-black to black, and include both fine-grained and coarse-grained to pegmatitic masses, in addition to two ages of dykes. Contacts between pyroxenite and coarse-grained hornblendite appear gradational. The feldspar-bearing rocks are characterized either by brown bronzite or greenish-black hornblende. The plagioclase was not determined in the present work; Aho's studies indicated a wide variation, from oligoclase to labradorite and even bytownite. For convenience in this report the bronzitic rocks are called norite and the hornblendic rocks are called diorite, even though these designations may not be strictly correct in all cases. The norite is slightly but uniformly gneissic, whereas the diorite is partly gneissic and partly massive. The plagioclase is fine grained, glassy, and pale brown to pale pink in colour. It is not everywhere uniformly distributed, but in the norite and part of the diorite it tends rather to form ragged bands a few millimetres thick, giving the rock its somewhat gneissic structure. This plagioclase is thought to be introduced, and the norite and the gneissic diorite are thought to be hybrid rocks, for the following reasons:— (1) The dark minerals of the rock are those of the ultramafic with which it is in contact. If the ultramafic is brown pyroxenite, as west of the 1400 orebody on 3550 level, the feldspathic rock is norite. If the ultramafic is hornblendite, the feldspathic rock is diorite. (2) Many of the bronzite grains in norite are isolated in feldspar and rounded as if by corrosion. (3) At several contacts fingers of feldspar were seen to extend for half an inch or so into pyroxenite, and the pyroxenite is increasingly broken up by plagioclase over a contact zone of about an inch. (4) The ragged plagioclase bands are not strings of single crystals, but are many crystals wide. This fabric and the fine grain size would suggest later introduction at a temperature little above that of crystallization of plagioclase, rather than interstitial crystallization from the primary ultramafic magma. The diorites that are not gneissic may have had other origins. Granitoid diorite near the 1600 orebody on the 3250 level shows rather sharp contacts with hornblendic pyroxenite and may be a separate intrusion. West and south of the 1600 orebody, fine-grained diorite is closely associated with fine-grained hornblendite, and the apparent difference between them may be largely a function of the difficulty of detecting very fine-grained plagioclase in mine walls. In any case, it seems doubtful that the fine-grained hornblendite and diorite are either differentiates of the ultramafic complex or significantly hybrid rocks. Sparing interstitial plagioclase in some parts of the coarse-grained hornblendite appears to have crystallized as a part of the rock rather than to have been introduced later. Visible alteration of these rocks is confined to talcose zones adjacent to the 1600 orebody and to local crumbly areas in pyroxenite and peridotite. Around the bottom part of the 1600 orebody, on 3250 level, hornblendic pyroxenite is extensively and variably altered to talc. Where the alteration is total, the talc rock contains masses of very coarse biotite and chlorite. A similar alteration is reported to occur around the top of the orebody, but on the 3550 level talc alteration is confined to a 4-inch band along part of a slip, well outside the orebody itself. Conspicuous crumbly areas lie adjacent to the 1600 orebody on 3550 level and to the 600 ore- body on 3250 level. They are not definite zones, in that they are about as wide as they are long and cannot be traced for any considerable distance. Along the edge of one zone, crumbling seems to take place principally on a series of indistinct shear LODE METALS 141 surfaces dipping 60 to 80 degrees southeast or east. Aho ascribed this crumbling to incipient serpentinization. Structures include simple fractures, slips, shear zones, and gouge and breccia zones. The simple fractures comprise scattered short joints and at least one zone of sheeting. Most of the joints are steep, but a few are nearly flat, and they show no preferred strike. The sheeting dips 40 to 45 degrees northeast and southeast. The slips are characterized by polished walls of serpentine, and some contain lenses of chlorite, calcite veinlets, and rarely a little quartz. They appear to be very numerous; where they were exhaustively mapped adjacent to the 1400 orebody, there are 57 slips in 220 feet of working. Most of them are short, and as a group they show little preferred orientation. Several are vertical, but there is a continuous variation in dips down to 25 degrees. The shear zones are much less common, but some are far more persistent than the slips. They are from 1 to 6 inches thick and consist of sheared, altered wall- rock, some also containing narrow hornblendite dykes, lenses of quartz, and locally sulphides. Short shear zones dip steeply and show no preferred orientation; they may perhaps be regarded as slips widened by further movement rather than typical shear zones. The somewhat more common persistent type dips gently, mostly between 10 and 20 degrees, and tends to show a definite pattern of strike. East and south of the 1400 orebody the shear zones strike within 10 degrees of north, but as the orebody is approached they curve to a westerly and then a northwesterly strike. This is shown not merely by the shear zones as a group, but by individual shears. The longest observed shear zone was traced for 160 feet through most of the S-curve. Through the orebody it splits into two parallel zones about 2 feet apart. In and near the 1600 orebody the attitude of shear zones is more variable, and the distinctions between shear zones and slips and between shear zones and gouge and breccia zones are less clear cut. The gouge and breccia zones are from 1 to 24 inches thick, and consist of mud and rock fragments. They tend to shun the 1400 and 1600 orebodies, but are specially common 100 to 150 feet east of the 1400. Most of them strike north to northeast and dip moderately to steeply east or southeast. One large zone which cuts through the lower part of the 1600 orebody on 3250 level contains both sheared rock and gouge. It appears to offset the bottom part of the orebody, but it also contains lenses of sulphides. It strikes north 35 degrees east and dips 13 degrees southeast, splitting up-dip into two narrower zones. Movement on the slips and shear zones ranges from a few inches to a foot or two, and on the gouge and breccia zones it is of the order of a few feet. The shear zones both displace slips and are displaced by them, and it seems likely that movement on the shears is of at least two different ages. The gouge and breccia zones commonly displace the other structures. Mineralization The principal sulphides are nickeliferous pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite. Pentlandite is not visible to the naked eye, but has been identified under the microscope by previous investigators. Minor pyrite, linnaeite, covellite, chal- cocite, violarite, melanterite, and morenosite were seen by Horwood or Aho. Four different sulphide textures were noted in the section of mine studied:— (1) Disseminated grains. (2) Clots, ellipsoidal in form and consisting of many sulphide grains. ( 3) Intergranular laceworks. (4) Veins and veinlets, partly along slips and shear zones. 142 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Disseminated sulphides are rather widely but sparingly distributed through the ultramafic rocks, and to some extent are also scattered through norite and diorite. The clots are scattered through certain areas of ultramafic rocks and norite. They are commonly about the size of a fingerprint, but are generally too thinly scattered to make ore at current metal prices. In part the clot-bearing areas are adjacent to orebodies, possibly suggesting that they are a weak manifestation of the same mineralizing process, and in part they are isolated. The sulphide laceworks are typical of the orebodies studied. In their simplest form a sulphide grain 1 or 2 millimetres across, which is probably an aggregate of several crystals, lies between several silicate crystals and sends out filmy arms along the crystal boundaries. In a more developed form the arms connect with other similar sulphide grains, enclosing silicate crystals or aggregates of silicate crystals and forming the typical lacework. In a still more developed form the arms are thickened, the silicate crystals are isolated and corroded by replacement, and the mineralized rock approaches a replacement pseudo-breccia. Veins and veinlets of sulphides are largely, but not entirely, restricted to the orebodies. There they occur along almost any surface of weakness in the rock, but outside the orebodies only a very few structures contain sulphides. Veins in shear zones stop where the laceworks stop, even though the shear zones continue through rock containing scattered clots and sparsely disseminated sulphides. An exception is the large shear and gouge zone through the bottom of the 1600 orebody; it contains almost no sulphides where it passes through the orebody, but contains lenses of them to the southeast. The veins are generally lensy, and the maximum thickness rarely exceeds 2 inches. Generally there is little difference in the occurrence of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, except that pyrrhotite is much more common and chalcopyrite tends to occupy a subsidiary or peripheral position, as if it were introduced into newly available sites or sites left unoccupied by pyrrhotite. The orebodies appear to be distinct geologic entities, with fairly sharp boundaries. They are characterized by the relative abundance and the texture of the sulphides, although the boundaries generally do not coincide with rock contacts or with other structures. The contrast between ore and surrounding weakly mineralized rock is readily visible. Aho noted a tendency for the orebodies to be in or associated with cores of dunite, peridotite, or olivine pyroxenite. This appears generally true of the 1600 and 1400 orebodies, but the relationship is not precise; not all of the olivine-bearing rock is included with the orebody, and in places the orebody extends into pyroxenite. The 600 orebody as exposed on the 3250 level appears to be largely in pyroxenic hornblendite. The orebodies are roughly pipelike in form and plunge steeply west or north. It does not seem that geologic structures have had much effect on the mineralizing process. Rather, the localization of ore appears to have been controlled largely by the chemistry and physical chemistry of the rocks and of the processes to which they have been subjected. [References: Aho, A. E., Econ. Geol., Vol. 51, 1956, pp. 444-481; Bacon, W. R., Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1954, pp. 161-163; Cairnes, C. E., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1924, Pt. A, pp. 100-106; Cockfield, W. E., and Walker, J. F., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1933, Pt. A, pp. 62-68; Horwood, H. C, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 190, 1936.] LODE METALS 143 Silver-Lead-Copper (49° 121° S.W.) Company office, 209, 615 West Pender Murphy (Union Street, Vancouver 2. Dr. Gordon W. Robertson, president. Bar Mines Ltd.)* The property comprises Lot 27, a very old Crown-granted claim, and 26 recorded claims, and is on the west side of the Fraser River about 3 miles north of Hope. The Crown-granted claim is 1,500 feet northwest of the river and 2,800 feet southeast of the Trans-Canada Highway at Lake of the Woods. Access is by a road which leaves the highway at the north end of Lake of the Woods. The Murphy property is believed to be one of the earliest hard-rock workings in the Province. The earliest work was reportedly done by the Murphy brothers in 1858, who sank a shallow shaft called the Greenwood shaft on a quartz vein mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and galena. An open cut was also made near the shaft, and it is reported that some high-grade silver-lead ore was shipped to Swansea, South Wales. The Murphy claim was Mining Licence No. 1 under the Mineral Ordinance, 1869. Prior to 1879 an adit was driven from a point just east of the present Canadian Pacific Railway tracks in an easterly direction for a distance of 800 feet. Later this adit was extended to 960 feet, cutting the Crown-granted claim at a depth of approximately 200 feet. The last work on the adit was done in 1924. There was renewed interest in the property in 1963, and a predecessor of the present company, Patray Explorations, did some exploration work in 1964. Six holes were diamond drilled, totalling 1,000 feet, some stripping was done, and the old shaft was cleaned out. Toward the end of the year, after many months of negotiation with the Canadian Pacific Railway over a crossing, the present company began construction of a road from the main highway down to the old portal. It is intended to reopen this adit and carry out further underground exploration. (See Annual Report, 1915, pp. 259-260.) HARRISON LAKE Molybdenum (49° 121° N.W.) Company office, 1272 West Pender Gem (Gem Street, Vancouver 1; registered office, 850 West Hastings Explorations Street, Vancouver 1. R. W. Caskey, president; J. A. Mc- Limited)* Askill, exploration manager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. The property comprises 72 mineral claims and 4 fractional claims held by record. Eight other claims are held under option, and an interest is held in an additional 18 claims. The property is situated between 2,500 and 5,000 feet elevation near the crest of the Lillooet Range at the head of Clear Creek, a tributary of Big Silver Creek. Big Silver Creek flows into Harrison Lake, 20 miles north of Harrison Hot Springs. The property has been serviced by helicopter from Harrison Hot Springs, but may now be reached by four- wheel-drive vehicle over logging-roads up the east side of Harrison Lake and by a company road to the headwaters of Clear Creek. A description of the general geology and the principal showings on the property was given in the 1963 Annual Report. At the end of that year an adit was collared on the southeast side of Clear Creek and was driven several hundred feet on a quartz molybdenite vein 1 to 3 feet wide which strikes north 12 degrees east and dips 65 degrees westward. In 1964 this adit was driven to a distance of 500 feet from the portal. In June construction was started on a 51/_-mile road to link the property with existing logging-roads in the vicinity of Big Silver Creek. This construction * By A. R. C. James. 144 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 proved somewhat slow due to excessive rock work, but by December 22nd the camp on the property was reached. In addition to this work the property was geologically mapped, an induced polarization survey was carried out, and some soil-sampling was done. An agreement was concluded with Utah Construction & Mining Co. for the further exploration of the property. A crew ranging from 6 to 14 men was employed. HOWE SOUND Copper-Zinc (49° 123° N.E.) Head office, Eighth Street, New Toronto; Britannia (The mine office, Britannia Beach. J. Van Der Ploeg, president; Anaconda Com- J. D. Knaebel, general manager; B. B. Greenlee, mine pany (Canada) manager; J. C. S. Moore, mine superintendent; V. Gladman, Ltd.)* mill superintendent. The property is on the east side of Howe Sound, 40 miles by road from Britannia. This old and well-known mine was closed at the end of September, only one year and eight months after it had been purchased from the Howe Sound Company by The Anaconda Company (Canada) Ltd. The Britannia Local of the Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers Union called a strike on August 11th after failure to reach agreement with the company over contract negotiations. Efforts at conciliation by outside parties were made without success. In spite of a relatively narrow field of disagreement and a market situation characterized by rising copper prices, the company finally decided to close down the mine. The first discovery at Britannia is said to have been made in 1888, but the first claims were not staked until 1898. A large iron-stained bluff attracted the attention of prospectors, and this proved to be the outcrop of one of a number of orebodies that ranged in elevation up to 4,300 feet. Development was started in 1902, and some production was obtained by 1905. The first main adit was driven at the 1050 level to develop the Jane orebody at 3,300 feet elevation. However, the mine did not become an important producer until about 1911, when G. B. Schley, of New York, was able to finance development on a larger scale. In the succeeding years several new orebodies were opened up along the 5-mile length of the Britannia shear structure; these included the Bluff, Fairview, Empress, Victoria, and No. 8. Several long adits were driven in at various levels. The longest of these, the 4100 level, was the final main haulage level and extended from the mill level at Britannia Beach for a distance of 4 miles along the shear zone. At the time of closure the workings in No. 8 mine extended to well over 1,000 feet below sea-level. The first mill for the treatment of Britannia ores was erected in 1904 and had a capacity of 200 tons a day, which was increased gradually to 600 tons a day by 1916. In 1916 it was replaced by a new concentrator, which reached a daily capacity of 2,000 tons a day by 1921. In that year a disastrous fire and flood occurred at Britannia Beach, and the mill was destroyed. A new 3,000-ton concentrator was built and was completed early in 1923. The years from 1923 to 1957 were the most productive years at the Britannia property. The highest production was achieved in 1930, when 2,215,600 tons of ore was produced, yielding, in concentrate, 45,188,466 pounds of copper. In the post-war years, production never exceeded 20,000,000 pounds of copper annually, and in 1957, as a result of declining copper prices, the Howe Sound Company proposed to cease operations. This was averted for a time by a direct government subsidy, but on March 12, 1958, the property was closed down and the company went into voluntary liquidation. * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 145 A new company was formed and the mine was reopened in January, 1959, production being resumed on a reduced scale. This continued until January, 1963, when the mine was purchased by the Anaconda Company, who immediately stepped up production, development, and exploration. Total production for the mine since 1905 is as follows: Ore mined, 47,488,038 tons. Metal content in concentrates: Gold, 478,430 ounces; silver, 5,207,882 ounces; copper, 1,017,526,737 pounds; lead, 33,934,200 pounds; zinc, 268,498,072 pounds. Production in 1964 was as follows: Ore mined, 444,757 tons; copper concentrate, 18,900 tons; zinc concentrate, 3,516 tons; copper precipitate, 456 tons. Metals contained in concentrates (and precipitate): Gold, 8,854 ounces; silver, 45,249 ounces; copper, 11,983,236 pounds; zinc, 4,236,654 pounds; cadmium, 20,984 pounds. A summary of development work completed in 1964 is as follows:— Ft. Drifting 10,327 Raising 2,523 Diamond drilling 45,904 A total crew of 333 men was employed at the time of closure. At the beginning of the strike on August 11th, there were a number of preloaded blast-holes in the blast-hole stope zones of No. 8 mine containing a total of 30,900 pounds of explosives. Most of these pre-loaded holes were in the 49-054 stope zone, where there was a total of 1,400 holes loaded with 26,850 pounds of explosives. The holes were drilled to blast the crown pillar immediately below the 4800 level and a small pillar above the level, together containing a total of 50,000 tons of ore. After the closure of the mine was announced, it became imperative to prime and blast all pre-loaded holes, and this was done in November, the major blast in the 49-054 stope being detonated on November 9th. The results of the latter blast appeared to be quite satisfactory. The 49-054 stope was filled with broken ore estimated at about 70,000 tons; this included 20,000 tons of broken ore previously in the stope and 50,000 tons blasted from the crown pillar. There was no evidence of backfill having broken through from the adjoining 053 or 060 stopes. Although this may break through in the future, it is not considered that there would be any large loss of ore in the event of a resumption of operations. Copper-Molybdenum (49° 122° N.W.) Western Exploration Division office, Bri- Anaconda tannia Beach. Glenn C. Waterman, chief geologist. This American Brass company prospected in the Indian River area over a large Limited* number of claims held by The Anaconda Company (Canada) Ltd. as part of the Britannia property and on claim groups optioned from Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited. Geochemical sampling and geological mapping were carried out and four holes totalling 3,027 feet were diamond drilled. The crew of four or five men was serviced by helicopter from Britannia Beach. * By A. R. C. James. 146 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Copper-Lead-Zinc (49 ° 122 ° N.W.) Western Exploration Division office, Bri- McVicar tannia Beach. Glenn C. Waterman, chief geologist. This (Anaconda property, comprising 12 Crown-granted claims and fractions American Brass and 35 recorded claims held by option agreement, is situated Limited)* northeast of Indian River on the north slope of Mount Bald win near the headwaters of Raffuse Creek. The showings are reported to consist of quartz and sulphide stringers and veins containing low-grade copper, lead, and zinc mineralization occurring in sheared volcanics. A crew of four or five men was employed in September and October. Work done included a considerable amount of geological mapping, geochemical sampling, and some induced polarization geophysical surveys. ALTA LAKE Copper (50° 122° S.W.) Company office, 905, 525 Seymour Street, London (New Vancouver 2. The London group comprises Mineral Lease Jersey Zinc Ex- M 9, which includes six formerly Crown-granted mineral ploration Company claims and one fractional claim and five recorded claims. It (Canada) Ltd.)* is on the southwest side of Fitzsimmons Creek about 4 miles from Alta Lake. A jeep-road connects the property with the Squamish-Pemberton road. The property was described in some detail in the 1963 Annual Report. In 1964 work was begun in June and continued to the end of the year. Access roads to drill-sites totalling Wi miles were built. The drill-sites are in rugged terrain at an elevation of about 4,700 to 5,000 feet. Four vertical holes totalling 3,660 feet were diamond drilled. A small combination core-house and bunk-house was erected. A crew of from 2 to 10 men was employed. J. B. Seaton was resident geologist. (See Annual Reports, 1910, pp. 147-149; 1930, p. 312; 1963, p. 94.) Copper (50° 122° S.W.) Company office, 44 King Street West, Azure (The Mining Toronto; consulting geologist, J. S. Scott, 402 West Pender Corporation of Street, Vancouver 1. The property, comprising 98 located Canada, Limited)* claims, covers the valley of Fitzsimmons Creek for a distance of about 4 miles southeasterly from Green Lake. The showings were described in the 1963 Annual Report, and consist of disseminated chalcopyrite and pyrite in a schistose host rock. In May and June an induced polarization survey was made of some 3,000 acres of the property. The company reports that this survey was successful in indicating zones of anomalous disseminated sulphide content. From June 15th to December 21st a total of 7,025 feet of diamond drilling was done in nine holes. A maximum crew of 16 men was employed. TEXADA ISLAND Iron-Copper (49 o 124° N.W.) Registered office, 626 West Pender Street, Texada Mines Vancouver 2; mine office, Box 10, Gillies Bay. A. D. Chris- Ltd.! tensen, San Francisco, president; A. M. Walker, general man ager. This company holds 53 recorded claims, 8 Crown- * By A. R. C. James. t By A. Sutherland Brown and J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 147 granted claims, and 1 mineral lease east and southeast of Welcome Bay on Texada Island. An additional four mineral claims and a mineral lease are held in the vicinity of Priest Lake, 3V_ miles north of the mine, and nine claims west of Pocahontas Bay, 6 miles east of the mine. Open-pit mining continued in the Prescott, North Paxton, and Lake pits but was completed by the end of October. During this period 464,310 tons of iron ore and 224,794 cubic yards of waste were removed. This terminated 12V_ years of open-pit mining, which produced 8.3 million tons of ore. Production of ore from underground began in April at a rate of 1,000 tons per working-day. This rate was gradually increased to 4,000 tons per day, when production from the open pits ceased. By the end of the year 434,407 tons of ore had been produced underground by longhole mining methods in the Midway and Main Yellow Kid workings. The combined tonnage of open-pit and underground ore milled was 1,013,488 tons. This produced 576,962 tons of iron concentrate and 5,441 tons of copper concentrate. Development work completed underground comprised 7,987 feet of drifting, 3,180 feet of raising, and 560,753 feet of 2-inch-diameter longhole drilling. The drift mining was done mostly on development of the orebodies for longhole drilling and slushing but 1,437 feet was completed on exploration, principally on a drive from the North Yellow Kid zone to the Lake zone. A total of 39,316 feet of diamond drilling was completed in 259 holes in both surface and underground drilling. An extensive increase was made in the milling circuit by the addition of a larger regrind mill together with extra flotation and magnetic separation equipment. The new equipment not only permits increased capacity for the processing of normal ore but provides improved facilities for the treatment of iron-copper ore. The major construction items completed in 1964 were the extension of the main dock to double its berthing capacity and the reconstruction of the concentrate loading facilities. The dock was extended in a seaward direction as well as lengthened in order to provide a minimum water depth of 45 feet for ships of more than 50,000 tons capacity. The former concentrate loading tower and boom were replaced by two retractable loading towers with attached loading booms having a travel of 76V_ feet. The booms are capable of being raised or lowered, or swung from side to side, to facilitate the distribution of concentrate during ship-loading. Both loading towers may be used simultaneously when necessary. The iron-concentrate storage area was extended, and a second reclaiming tunnel equipped with four feeders was constructed under the stockpile. The speed of the reclaiming conveyors was increased, and where necessary belt sizes were increased. The number of persons employed was 245, of whom 107 were underground. Geology The iron oxide-copper sulphide orebodies of Texada Mines have been repeatedly studied and may with some justice be considered typical of metasomatic replacement deposits of the coastal region. McConnell (1914), Swanson (1925), Bacon (1952, 1956), Skerl (1960), and a recent unpublished thesis by Sangster (1964) have described and analysed the deposits in considerable detail. However, little has been published about the geology revealed by recent underground developments. 148 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 ° i o. > a _. < CO O O C -«- a > 0) o — — O w O . □100 S3 o u o C3 •a X 1 E LODE METALS 149 This note is based primarily on the mapping of company geologists and Dr. Skerl, who are not necessarily responsible for the following ideas. Figure 14 shows the surface geology based on maps by McConnell and Bacon and revised to show the present (final ?) pit outlines and location of the shaft and main (2055) level. The known orebodies are clustered about a salient at the north end of the Gillies stock, the Lake and Paxton on the east, and the Prescott, Midway, and Yellow Kid on the west. The orebodies can be considered in two groups because of their geographic separation, but more particularly because the orebodies of the west (Prescott, Midway, Yellow Kid), though of similar mineralogy and with similar host rocks as those of the east (Paxton and Lake and their extensions), are in quite different structural settings. The stratigraphic units of Texada Island are directly correlated with those of Vancouver Island and in fact are nearly identical. The oldest rocks of the mine area are basalts of the Texada Formation, which is the correlative of the pre-Middle Karnian Karmutsen Formation of Vancouver Island. Conformably overlying the basalts is the thick Marble Bay Limestone, the correlative of the Late Triassic Quat- sino Limestone. The intrusive rocks, both the minor porphyries and main Gillies stock, are equivalent to similar rocks adjacent to magnetite deposits on Vancouver Island. The rocks of the Gillies stock are slightly variable, but the commonest phase is a grey equigranular, medium-grained, mafic-rich pyroxene-bearing granodiorite to quartz diorite which contains occasional pyroxene phenocrysts. The pre-ore diorite porphyries are variable appearing plagioclase-hornblende porphyries with a stony looking dark grey-green fine-grained matrix; in hand specimen the feldspars appear to have vague gradational boundaries with the matrix. Garnet-actinolite-pyroxene- epidote skarn and magnetite-sulphide bodies may replace basalt, limestone, Gillies stock, or diorite porphyry. Post-ore rocks in the vicinity are limited to large tabular dykes of grey feldspar porphyry that has fewer phenocrysts than the pre-ore porphyries, and to small late grey-green andesite dykes with rare hornblende phenocrysts. In the past there has been some difference of opinion about the porphyries; some believed they were pre-ore and some post-ore, but few considered that porphyries of both ages were present. The Lake and Paxton orebodies replace limestone, basalts, and minor amounts of quartz diorite at the keels of compressed overturned synclines which plunge gently westward and are sharply overturned toward the northeast. The strike of the limestone-volcanic contact of the upper limb is about north 40 degrees west, but the axes strike more nearly north 60 degrees west. The position, orientation, and rarity of these overturned folds in the whole area of northern Texada Island indicate that they may have been produced by lateral thrusting during emplacement of the stock. Figure 15 shows sections through both orebodies which occur at the keels of the limestone, within an envelope of skarn that replaces limestone and greenstone and, in the Paxton, some diorite which intrudes the volcanic rocks. Post-ore porphyry dykes are prominent, and pre-ore dykes are not definitely recognized. Whether or not the upper limbs of these folds are thrusts, the keels are loci of small steep faults, some of which may be pre-ore. The underground workings which develop the western orebodies include four main levels at 200 feet intervals: the 2055 level, an adit level with a portal about 25 feet above sea-level, the 1855, 1655, and 1455 levels, a connecting three-compartment shaft with friction hoist, ore-passes, and primary crusher just below 1455 level, and a conveyor raise to the shaft pockets. The plans of the four main levels are shown in Figure 16. 150 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 LAKE EXTENSION SECTION II090N LEGEND };AJ^ Post-ore porphyry d Magnetite and sulphide orebodies ]Skarn |+ -f j Gillies stock, quartz diorite - granodiori te Scale 50 100 |i | 1 \ i\ Marble Bay limestone |N -) H Texada volcanic formation 1 Diamond-drill hole Feet Figure 15. Texada Mines Ltd. Cross-sections of Paxton and Lake orebodies. LODE METALS 151 The structural setting of the western orebodies is quite different from that of the Lake and Paxton. The most striking feature is that the orebodies branch upward so that in three dimension they crudely resemble a tree, the thick stem of which is found at the lowest levels (1455-1655) at or near the east-west contact of the stock with the Texada volcanics. At upper levels the contact of the stock warps to the east and overhangs the older rocks on the lower levels. The Marble Bay limestone in general dips at moderate attitudes southward. It, or skarn developed from it, is in contact with the stock down to the 1800 level, but there are only volcanic and plu- tonic rocks below. The orebodies branch and blossom out upon reaching the " limestone " and follow the warped contact of diorite, limestone, and volcanics in the upper levels. The distribution of pre-ore porphyry is important in the western orebodies, as is evidence of brecciation. The pre-ore porphyries are rarely seen in the open pits or much above the 2055 level; on the 2055 and 1855 levels they are prominent, but only in the ore zones; and on the 1655 and 1455 levels they occur to a minor degree in the ore zone. The porphyry masses are irregular and discontinuous, because of their original form and because they have been replaced by skarn and truncated by the main granodiorite. Many of the upper orebodies have textures that appear to mimic breccia textures, with " fragments " of magnetite and filling of coarse calcite. In the orebodies below the limestone, breccia textures are more clearly revealed, both in unreplaced and in replaced mimetic form. Intrusion breccias of volcanic fragments in diorite are common throughout the contact area. In the west drift on 1655 level, magnetite replaces the volcanic rock and quartz and chalcopyrite replace the diorite matrix. In addition, in some ore zones there is indication of a later brecciation, with quartz and sulphides filling interstices and with quartz crystal faces common. In summary, the orebodies form an upwardly branching system that follows a contact zone in which irregular porphyry bodies and breccia are important. Where the system reaches the limestone, both porphyry and ore- bodies blossom out. It is at least likely that the whole was a breccia pipe system before it was largely replaced by skarn and magnetite. [References: Bacon, W. R., Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1952, pp. 217- 221; Ann. Rept, 1956, pp. 5-7; McConnell, R. G., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 58, 1914; Sangster, D. F., unpublished Ph.D. thesis, U.B.C., 1964; Skerl, A. C, Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., 1960, p. 2076; Swanson, C. O., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1924, pp. 106-144.] QUADRA ISLAND Copper (50° 125° S.E.) This property comprises 15 recorded Copper Road* mineral claims held by E. H, lohn, Blanche, and Antoinette Adams, all of Campbell River, and 19 recorded mineral claims held by Robert I. Bennett, of Heriot Bay. The Adams' claims are leased to Mr. Bennett. It is on the west side of Quadra Island about 2 miles northeast of Deepwater Bay and is connected by road to the ferry terminus at Quathiaski Cove. At about 9 miles north of Heriot Bay a steep logging-road leads one-half mile west and north to the principal showing, which is at the east end of the property. Two men built 1,500 feet of new road to by-pass a very steep section, repaired and reballasted 1.8 miles of road to Deepwater Bay where a 43- by lOO^foot barge- loading grid was constructed. In addition, construction was started on a water- storage dam and flotation mill. • By J. E. Merrett. 152 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Copper-Silver (50° 125° S.E.) Company office, 8, 425 Howe Street, Baron, Star, etc. Vancouver 1. Wm. Inverarity, president. This company (New Ainsworth holds 24 mineral claims north of Garrow Bay at the north Base Metals extension of Gowlland Harbour on the west side of Quadra Limited)* Island. The property covers in part that which was held in 1953 by Dodge Copper Mines Limited and was described in the Annual Report for that year. A bulldozer and a crew of seven men stripped the overburden from a 1-acre area approximately three-quarters of a mile north of Garrow Bay. A shipment of 371 tons of ore contained 11,106 pounds of copper and 82 ounces of silver. VANCOUVER ISLAND Sayward (50° 125° S.W.) Iron Company office, 613, 744 West Hastings Street, Vancouver Iron Mike 1. A. E. Upton, president. Inter-Can Development Com- (Orecan Mines pany Ltd. was reorganized late in 1964 to form the present Ltd.)* company. The company has under lease the Iron Mike (Hartt) property, 4 miles southwest of Sayward and 3 miles west of the junction of the Salmon and White Rivers. A crew of eight men constructed 3,000 feet of road, did 1,224 feet of diamond drilling in 14 holes, and completed the excavations for the crushing sections of the mill. A considerable amount of ore dressing testing was done in order to establish a satisfactory mill flowsheet. . Benson River (50° 127° S.E.) Company office, 1012, 736 Granville Street, Vancouver 2; Empire Develop- mine office, Port McNeill. E. C. Oates, general manager; ment Company P. W. Billwiller, mine manager. The Empire mine open pit Limited* is at an elevation of 2,500 feet on the west side of the Benson River valley approximately 2 miles south of Benson Lake and on the east slope of Merry Widow Mountain. The adit is at an elevation of 1,911 feet and the camp at 800 feet. A 3-mile tote-road connects the adit and camp and 25 miles of gravel road provides access to the camp from Port McNeill on the east coast of Vancouver Island. The major portion of the construction work has been completed on an aerial tram-line, 3,000 feet in length, connecting the adit level to the mill ore stockpile. The installation is of jig-back design having two 5-ton-capacity skips, a loading tower, a central supporting tower, and a dump tower. A coarse-ore bin was erected on the dump between the adit and upper tram terminal. A total of 1,913 feet of drifting and crosscutting and 1,172 feet of raising was completed. This work extended the Kingfisher adit to a total length of 1,650 feet to the Merry Widow ore zone, where three raises were being driven to develop the zone. In addition, it included the mucking-machine crosscuts to the bottoms of the three raises and interconnecting sublevels between the raises. The crew, comprising 11 men in April, was increased to 52 by November, but because of a heavy snowfall in December was reduced to a skeleton staff. When work was being done underground, approximately 18 miners were employed. A shipment was made of concentrates produced in 1963. * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 153 Iron-Copper Company office, Tadanac; mine office, Port McNeill. The Old Sport (Coast Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Copper Company Limited, is the principal shareholder and manages the oper- Limited)* ation. H. G. Barker, property superintendent; R. T. Trena- man, mine superintendent; J. L. McCrea, mill superintendent. The property comprises 48 Crown-granted claims, 5 recorded claims, and 1 mineral lease extending southward from Benson Lake on the west side of Benson River, and adjoins the Empire property on the north and east. Access is by way of a 26-mile gravel road from Port McNeill, where an employee residence townsite is located. In addition to the rehabilitation of 5,262 feet of old drift, 2,807 feet of drifting and crosscutting was completed. Most of this work was done on the 5300 level in extending the east and west drifts, and on the west end of the 5500 level. An additional 440 feet of shaft in the No. 2 winze was retimbered and brought into service, thus extending the operating section length to 890 feet. Raising done for stope servicing and ventilation was 6,719 feet, while 17,489 feet of exploration diamond drilling was completed. The crew of 196 men, of whom 105 were employed underground, mined and milled 306,132 tons of ore. Copper concentrate and, after the beginning of March, iron concentrate from the iron-recovery plant completed at that time, were trucked to the Port McNeill loading terminal for shipment to lapan. , Zeballos (50° 126° S.W.) Company office, 504, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. F.L., Ridge, Cor- P. N. Pitcher, president; C. E. Gordon Brown, manager. dova (Zeballos The property comprises 13 Crown-granted and 15 recorded Iron Mines Lim- claims and is 4 miles north of Zeballos. A high-grade mag- ited)t netite orebody outcrops on the west side of Zeballos River valley at an elevation of approximately 2,600 feet. The outcrop of magnetite extends in a north-south direction for 1,500 feet, averaging 70 feet thick, and the body dips westward at about 40 degrees. The hangingwall is a complex of tuff, intrusive andesite, diorite, and granodiorite, locally altered to skarn, and the footwall is composed of grey Quatsino limestone. The present company commenced work on the property in 1959. Open-pit mining began in 1962, and by the end of that year 250,397 tons of iron concentrate had been shipped. On February 27, 1963, the property was closed down. After a complete reorganization of the company and change of control, the property was reopened on November 1, 1963, and prepared for renewed production as an underground mine. All underground development work and production was carried out under contract. A main-haulage adit level was established at 2,280 feet elevation, and subsequently two further adit levels were driven at 2,375 and 2,440 feet elevations respectively. The system of mining is longhole blasting with muck- ing-machine draw points. The following is a summary of underground development work completed in 1964:— Ft Drifting 3,884 Crosscutting 1,139 Raising 1,691 Diamond drilling 1,877 A limited amount of open-pit mining was done near the main-adit portal. • By J. E. Merrett. t By A. R. C. James. 154 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The first production under the reorganized company was in luly. Total production of iron concentrates in 1964 was 92,727 tons. The ore is trucked from the mine to the primary crusher at 2,100 feet elevation. It then passes through a secondary crusher and into a 100-ton surge bin. From there it is withdrawn in 9-ton steel skips which descend over a standard- gauge triple-track surface tram to the crude-ore stockpile just above the mill. The surface tram-line is 2,500 feet long and extends from elevation 1,900 feet to the mill horizon of 1,200 feet. At the mill the ore is beneficiated by magnetic separation. It is then trucked to a loading dock at the head of Zeballos Inlet, where a stacker conveyor delivers the ore to a stockpile which may contain up to 80,000 tons. An underground conveyor system removes ore from this stockpile and loads directly into the holds of ocean-going freighters. A total crew of 90 men was employed, 52 being employed underground. (See Annual Report, 1962, pp. 100-103.) Copper Company office, 514, 193 East Hastings Street, Vancou- Privateer (New ver. E. K. Pinkerton, president. Capital: 3,000,000 Privateer Mines shares, no par value. The company holds the old Privateer Limited)* property and, by option, the Uebel group of claims situated near the confluence of Spud Creek and Zeballos River. In 1961 the company drilled on the Uebel claims and reported finding significant copper mineralization. The company stated that the diamond drilling so far done indicated a reserve of 161,000 tons grading 2 per cent copper. At the beginning of July, 1964, the company resumed work in this area. Nine packsack holes were drilled, and in the latter part of September a diamond drill was brought onto the property. It is not known what footage or how many holes were drilled, as no information was forthcoming from the company, but the writer believes that not more than two or three holes were drilled. Work on the property was concluded in December. A crew of four men was employed under the supervision of C. Leighton. Holberg Inlet (50° 128° N.E.) Copper Company office, 103, 709 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver 1. Holberg Mines P. F. Wishart, president. The property, comprising 113 re- Ltd.t corded mineral claims, is on the north slope of Mount Hansen and about the head of Holberg Inlet, Quatsino Sound. The camp is about 2V_ miles by road from Holberg. A crew of three men constructed a 12- by 16-foot core-storage building and, with the aid of a bulldozer, built 1,200 feet of access road to three diamond-drilling sites. A total of 1,545 feet of diamond drilling was done in 10 holes at eight separate locations. Quatsino (50° 127° S.W.) Copper Company office, 311, 543 Granville Street, Vancouver 1; Yreka (Teeta mine office, Jeune Landing. J. R. Billingsley, manager. River Mining Co. This company, jointly owned by Mitsubishi International Ltd.)t Corporation and Noranda Exploration Company, Limited, reopened in November the Yreka property on the west shore • By A. R. C. James. t By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 155 of Neroutsos Inlet about 2 miles south of Pender Point, Quatsino Sound. A crew of four men built a landing-float adjacent to the existing wharf, began the construction of four bunk-houses, and cleared approximately 1,000 feet of right-of-way along the line of a proposed aerial tramway to link the mine to the beach concentrator. While this was being done, metallurgical tests were made on the ore and work started on the mill design. Copper Herbert Inlet (49° 125° S.W.) Catface Copper Mines Limited* This company is wholly owned by Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited (British Columbia office, 504, 1112 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1; Alex. Smith, exploration manager). The property, comprising 131 recorded claims on Catface Range, is on a peninsula between Bedwell Sound and Herbert Inlet and is about 8 miles north of Tofino. The range rises rapidly to a maximum elevation of about 3,000 feet, and the principal showings occur on a southwestward-facing cliff which rises for many hundreds of feet from its base at about 1,600 feet elevation. The showings comprise disseminated chalcopyrite and bornite mineralization with extensive malachite staining in quartz monzonite. These showings, together with the local geology, were described in the 1963 Annual Report. In 1964 work was started in early February and continued until the end of October. A crew of six men under H. S. Lazenby carried out geological mapping and geophysical work, and drilled 45 packsack diamond-drill holes totalling 3,512 feet. Tsolum River (49° 125° N.E.) Copper Company office, 204, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Box 1809, Courtenay. C. W. S. Tremaine, manager. In the spring of 1964 an agreement was concluded between Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd. and Consolidated Wood- green Mines Limited for a joint development of the Mount Washington property above the 4,000-foot level. (The mineral claims below this level were at that time under option to The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited.) As part of the agreement, Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited (since renamed Cumberland Mining Ltd.) undertook to dismantle its 1,000-ton mill at the Motherlode property near Greenwood and rebuild it at the Mount Washington property. A new operating company was formed, named the Mount Washington Milling Company Ltd., and, under the agreement, profits are to be divided between the two original companies. The Mount Washington property falls within the old Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway Grant, and the area which comes within the above-mentioned agreement is defined as " a rectangle of 284 acres above the 4,000-foot elevation measuring 4,500 feet north and south and 2,750 feet east and west, and measuring 2,000 feet west and 750 feet east of the portal of the adit tunnel and 2,000 feet north and 2,500 feet south of the same." In this area the gold and silver rights are held by right of location under the Mineral Act, and the base-metal rights are held by concession. The defined area includes four Crown-granted claims, the Domineer Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6. The geology of the property has been described in some detail in the Annual Reports for 1959, 1960, and 1963. Exploration work began in 1956 * By A. R. C. James. Domineer (Mount Washington Milling Company Ltd.)* 156 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 and has been fairly continuous since that date; it has included stripping, shallow diamond drilling, and an adit. The main showings at about 4,400 feet elevation consist of flat-lying quartz veins mineralized with chalcopyrite, bornite, and other minerals. The mineralization also extends into adjacent rocks, which consist of Cretaceous sediments and intrusive porphyry and breccia. Access to the property is through the Crown Zellerbach tree-farm licence area to the northwest of Cour- tenay; the distance to the mine is about 18 miles. In July improvements were carried out on the upper section of the mine road, and in August a start was made in stripping waste in preparation for open-pit mining. Open-pit mining of ore began in September, under contract. By the end of the year a total of 90,929 tons of ore had been stock-piled at the mill-site and 134,621 tons of waste had been moved. Equipment at the mine includes three air track drills, two \V%-cubic-yard shovels, a 600-cubic-foot-per-minute air compressor, two D-8 bulldozers, and 15 trucks. A machine repair-shop and office building was erected at the mine. The mill-site was chosen at a point 4V_ miles by road from the mine, at an elevation of 2,400 feet. Work on the preparation of the site and the erection of the mill continued throughout the summer and fall, and the official opening took place on December 5, 1964. The mill, comprising a crushing, grinding, and flotation plant, operated on a tune-up basis throughout December; it is expected that it will shortly be treating 750 tons of ore per day. The total crew employed at the end of the year was 55; this included 25 men at the mine, 20 men at the mill, and 10 staff. Earlier in the year a crew of up to 80 men was employed on the mill construction. (See Annual Report, 1963, pp. 103-105.) Exploration office, 508 Marine Building, Vancouver 1. E. H. Domineer (The Caldwell, western district superintendent. The Consolidated Consolidated Min- Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, retained ing and Smelting its option on the Mount Washington property below the Company of 4,000-foot level throughout the 1964 season. The property Canada, Limited)* comprises about 195 recorded claims. The geology of the area was described in some detail in the 1963 Annual Report. In 1964 the lower mineral showings in the Murex Creek area were investigated. These consist of scattered chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite stringers in biotite-altered volcanic rocks. Three holes, totalling 2,003 feet, were diamond drilled, and a magnetometer survey and some geological mapping were carried out. The work was begun on May 10th and concluded on August 24th. A crew of four men was employed under the supervision of A. C. N. de Voogd. The option was relinquished at the end of 1964. Della Lake (49° 125° S.W.) Copper Company office, 605, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver Big Interior 5. A. Robertson, president; G. L. Mill, manager. Capital: (The Big ' I' 5,000,000 shares, no par value. This company controls 8 Mines Ltd.)* Crown-granted claims and 16 recorded claims in the Big Interior Mountain area in Strathcona Park on Vancouver Island. The Big ' I' Crown-granted claims cover a cirque near the summit and part of the summit of the range at an elevation of 6,000 feet. The history and geology of the property are described in the publications referred to at the end of this note. * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 157 In 1964 a total of 779 feet of diamond drilling was completed with a packsack drill and 4,039 feet (seven holes) with AXT size core. The work was started on July 16th and terminated on November 15th. A crew of 10 men was employed. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1916, pp. 314-317; 1960, pp. 110-111; B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 13, 1941, pp. 61-79.] Company office, 605, 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver Delia (Delia 5. A. M. McPherson, president; G. L. Mill, manager. Mines Ltd.)* Capital: 5,000,000 shares, no par value. The company controls the Minnie, Delia, and Helen Crown-granted claims and eight recorded claims. The property is on the east shore of Delia Lake near Big Interior Mountain at the southern end of Strathcona Park. The history and geology of the property is described in the Annual Report for 1916, and in Bulletin No. 13 (Supplementary Report on the Bedwell River Area). In 1964 four holes were diamond drilled totalling 209 feet. A crew of three men was employed. Buttle Lake (49° 125° N.W.) Gold-Silver-Copper-Lead-Zinc Lynx, Paramount, Price (Western Mines Limited)t Company office, 802, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Box 8000, Campbell River. C. M. Campbell, Jr., general manager. Western Mines Limited, together with the wholly owned subsidiaries, Myra Falls Mines Ltd. and Price Creek Mines Ltd., now holds a total of 23 Crown- granted mineral claims, 2 claims held by mineral leases, and 144 recorded claims, of which 15 are held by option. The area is reached by road from Campbell River to Buttle Lake in central Vancouver Island, and then by boat for 20 miles to the head of the lake. The Lynx mine is reached by a road 2V_ miles up Myra Creek from the head of Buttle Lake. All work completed in 1964 was concentrated on the development of the Lynx property, where a total of 834 feet of crosscutting and drifting was done. This total included work done on all levels from the 925 level to the 1500 level. Interconnecting raises completed for ore transfer or ventilation purposes totalled 632 feet. Shaft-sinking recommenced in December and during that month 91 feet was completed. Underground development below the 1225 or main adit level was curtailed for a considerable portion of the year while an 84- by 54-inch Nordberg double-drum hoist and 250-horsepower electric-drive motor were being installed on that level. While this installation was being made, test stope preparation work was being done on the 1225 level. A total of 13,428 feet of underground diamond drilling was done. On the surface, land-clearing for a permanent camp was continued and a survey made for the possible installation of a hydro plant on Tennent Creek, an upstream tributary of Myra Creek. The average number of men employed was 73, of whom 35 were employed underground. The regional setting of the deposits has been described in the Annual Reports for 1962 and 1963. At the Lynx mine the 1964 development described above showed that the mineralization continued in depth. The company's annual report states that as of September 30, 1964, the ore reserves, including a dilution factor of * By A. R. C. James. t By W. G. Jeffery. 158 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 20 per cent, consisted of assured and possible ore that totalled 1,500,200 tons with the following average grade: Gold, 0.063 ounce per ton; silver, 2.91 ounces per ton; copper, 2.19 per cent; lead, 1.21 per cent; zinc, 10.49 per cent. The following geological description is given with acknowledgments to mine geologists A. H. Manifold and E. P. Sheppard, with whom the writer has had many interesting discussions. Geology Rock Types.—The Lynx orebodies are enclosed by a variety of volcanic rocks. The primary rocks consist of andesite flows, massive tuffs, volcanic breccias, and thin-bedded green and yellow tuffs. The secondary rocks derived from the primary rocks are green, buff, and grey schists. Some of the schists have remnant textures similar to those seen in the primary rocks. The greater part of the underground workings expose rocks of the shear zone with which the orebodies are associated. The flow rocks are dark green, mottled, fine grained and have the composition of a pyroxene andesite with scattered feldspar phenocrysts. Jasper occurs as lenses and masses, such that the jasper may originally have formed rare persistent beds approximately 3 to 6 inches thick. The types of jasper observed underground varied in colour from purple to brick-red and brown. Microscopically the jaspers appeared as a glassy to cryptocrystalline aggregate, dusted with iron oxides. One specimen of brick-red jasper was composed of iron-stained quartz with scattered hematite-filled cavities. A chocolate-brown jasper showed fine banding developed mainly by different dust contents of the layers. These jasper occurrences, all of which are disrupted in underground exposures, may represent original chert beds or perhaps vitric tuffs. Massive tuff is mostly shades of green with a large range of fragment size and in places gradational bedding. On the 1075 level the main crosscut close to the shaft station exposes well-bedded fine-grained green and yellow tuffs. Rarely, grey to black thin-bedded sediments are seen that may be reworked tuffs. Mostly the tuffs have a siliceous appearance and a cherty conchoidal fracture, and grade to discernably fragmental rocks in some places. The volcanic breccia rocks contain lithic fragments up to 2 feet across. A very distinctive breccia type contains purple fragments in a dark-green matrix. The purple colour persists and can be seen in mottled purple and green schists where the purple fragments have been stretched and elongated in an altered dark-green chloritic and micaceous matrix. Whether there is more than one bed of purple fragmental rocks is unknown In the mine the majority of exposures are yellow, green, grey, buff, and brown schistose rocks. The schists are composed of chlorite, sericite, talc, other micaceous minerals, and quartz, and have varying degrees of foliation. The rock colour has a slight relationship to the mineral composition, in that chlorite-rich rocks tend to be darker green, but much of the chlorite is a pale-green low-iron variety that is not readily distinguished. Talcose schists are evident by inspection and tend to be yellowish to pale brown. Some schists, not necessarily those closest to massive sulphide, contain anhedral porphyroblasts of unstressed clear quartz. These quartz bodies have fretted edges to the micaceous foliation and are similar to those textures described in the Annual Report for 1963 from rocks enclosed by massive sulphides. Various dykes can be observed underground. Fragments of a fine-grained dark-green dyke surrounded by massive sulphide are composed of a mosaic of quartz and chlorite with limited sericite and rare scattered aggregates of quartz and coarser chlorite. Another dyke cutting a pyrite zone is dominantly composed of LODE METALS 159 chlorite and micaceous minerals with lesser quartz. Feldspar porphyry dyke rock observed in the cores of diamond-drill holes contained approximately 15 per cent plagioclase feldspars. This rock is not abundant and was not seen exposed in the underground workings. Structure.—The Lynx mine is developed by adits at the 1500, 1375, and 1225 levels, the latter being the main entry. An internal vertical shaft from the 1225 level provides access to the 1075 and 925 levels, and deep drilling from the bottom level has probed to about 675 feet below that level. This underground development has shown that the over-all mine structure is a steeply dipping zone of schistose rocks with concordant discontinuous massive sulphide bodies contained within the zone. The steep dips of the foliation in sheared rocks proven over a vertical distance of at least 1,250 feet are in contrast to the regional picture of the geology in which essentially massive volcanic pyroclastic rocks occur in faulted open folds with dips of the order of 30 to 40 degrees on the limbs. Axial lines of the regional folds trend north-northwest, whereas the shear zone at the Lynx mine trends northwest. The southwest wall of the schist zone is well known through mine development and the known orebodies occur close to this contact. The northeast boundary of the shear zone is undefined as yet, but the zone is at least 500 feet wide in the vicinity of the mine workings. From the surface to approximately the 925 level the southwest wall of the shear zone has an over-all southwest dip of about 65 degrees, forming the hangingwall of the zone (see Fig. 18). In detail this dip ranges from near vertical to 30 degrees southwest. There is a bulge in the hangingwall that persists along strike at about the 1075 level. Below the 925 level limited evidence suggests that the dip of the southwest wall of the shear zone is reversed and the dip changes to the northeast. The hangingwall rocks are massive or in places lightly sheared, and the contact between them and the quartz sericite chlorite schists of the shear zone is mostly either sharp or rapidly gradational. The upper levels of the mine have exposed the shear zone together with dyke rocks and sulphides. Below the 1075 level there are zones of massive purple volcanic breccia within the shear zone distinctly separated by schists from similar purple breccia rock in the main hangingwall. The tops of these masses are near horizontal along strike. The structure of these bodies of massive volcanic rocks is uncertain; there are three possibilities. The first possibility is that they represent competent layers of breccia originally interfingered with rocks that were more subject to shearing and conversion to schists. This is considered unlikely because there are schists with remnant breccia and tuffa- ceous textures, and there are purple schists that clearly were derived from the purple breccias. The second possibility is that the massive rocks are crestal parts of a folded purple breccia horizon. There is no direct evidence of folding in these rocks. Indirect indications of fold structures are seen in the 925 level shaft crosscut. From shaft to ore zone one passes from massive hangingwall rocks to sheared rocks with a steeply dipping northeast foliation. The schistosity increases in intensity and the rocks become talcose and very crumpled so that heavy timbering has been necessary. Also in this part of the crosscut an unusual amount of low angle strike faulting with dips of 20 degrees to the northeast is evident. Nearer to the ore zone the degree of schistosity decreases and the foliation changes to a steep dip to the southwest before entering a zone of weakly schistose purple breccias. Apart from possible complications due to the faults, the crosscut exposures suggest a cross-section through a fold structure. The third possibility is that these volcanic breccia masses are merely " horses " left within the shear zone, and this is considered the most likely structure. 160 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Figure 18. Western Mines Limited. Section through Lynx mine. The structure of these masses is important as their position and configuration may play a part in ore localization. Folds can be seen in the schists, though they are not common and in places would not be seen unless the exposures were very clean. Plunges of the axes are gentle, no more than 20 degrees, mostly to the northwest, except in one instance observed by the writer. So far there is no clear pattern of folding discernible, and LODE METALS 161 the directions of movement on a few dragfolds do not appear to be consistent. Such dragfolds may eventually provide a pattern to larger fold structures within the shear zone. Faults are widespread throughout the Lynx mine. Numerous strike faults occur parallel to the foliation of the shear zone. Many of these faults contain gouge along parts of their length, and some lie close to the walls of orebodies but have not been seen cutting ore. Cross-faults, often containing soft clay gouge, cut the ore, and in places they displace the ore zone by apparent movements up to tens of feet. The cutoff by such faults is frequently very sharp, and in places the fault-ore relationships are debatable. For example, at a point approximately 80 feet south on the 925 level faint sulphide banding can be observed parallel to a steeply dipping gouge-filled cross-fault, and with no trace of slicken- sides on the smooth massive sulphide wall of the fault. Low angle faults with evidence of thrusting are seen less commonly than the other faults, and in the 925 crosscut a low angle fault displaces and drags the sulphides. This fault also cuts a steeply dipping strike fault. At the Paramount mine, limited evidence from underground development indicates that north-striking faults displace the ore approximately 500 feet. Ore Deposits Shape and Size of Orebodies.—At the Lynx mine the ore occurs as massive sulphide bodies composed of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena with minor bornite. The orebody walls are sharp, with an abrupt change from massive high- grade ore to wallrock schist. Disseminated sulphide in the host rock sufficient to constitute ore is very limited. The massive ore occurs in the form of discrete lenses, masses, and vein-like bodies, contained by the sheared host rocks and broadly concordant in attitude with the shear zone. The dimensions of the orebodies may vary considerably over short distances, and continuity between widely spaced exposures is not assured. Ore widths are up to 40 feet and some ore has a continuous length of 800 feet, though a number of the orebodies have strike and dip dimensions of the order of 100 feet. Sulphide situated adjacent to or near the main hangingwall of the shear zone is more consistent than in the orebodies farther from the hangingwall. The ore has contacts that in places are near horizontal, and as a rule the contacts are parallel to surfaces that clearly indicate that the schist itself is folded. In greater detail, tight fold structures occur within massive banded sulphide, and this banding is described in more detail below. An uncommon observation is for sharp contacts of massive sulphide to cut cleanly across the schistosity of the host rocks. One occurrence of this nature showed an intervening zone of white quartz and disseminated sulphide. In the upper two levels of the mine, ore lying close to the hangingwall appears to be fairly persistent, but it fades down dip at about the 1075 level, where there is a change in dip of the hangingwall. In the deeper levels, sulphide occurs on both walls and near the top of the "horses" described previously (see Fig. 18). Structural Controls of Ore Deposition.—There is enough field evidence to postulate three structural features that may be ore-deposition controls. (1) The form of the hangingwall contact of the shear zone may be one control. The mine sections and plans suggest that bulges in the hangingwall or marked changes in dip have affected the adjacent shear zone rocks so as to create favourable zones for sulphide deposition, though the relationship is not very definite. 162 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 (2) Folded schist structures within the shear zone are probable zones for ore deposition. The fold axes are near horizontal or plunge gently to the northwest or southeast, and the axial planes are approximately concordant with the shear zone. The ore dimensions are limited by the size of the fold structure and the ore tapers away on the dip. They appear to be dragfold structures, but no systematic fold pattern has been determined and the replacement by sulphide appears to be erratic. Without further knowledge such ore zones can only be located by closely spaced diamond drilling. (3) Ore occurs along the flanks, or perhaps only the upper flanks, and in the vicinity of the tops of masses of unsheared rock contained within the shear zone. If this is in fact an ore control, the discovery by drilling of such structures could aid in siting further diamond-drill holes aimed at quite small target areas. There may be a connection between ore distribution and the plunge or any change in plunge of the tops of these structures. The underground development indicates that such plunges are of the order of a few degrees only. In summary, the above suggested ore controls, in particular the last two, indicate the reason why the orebodies tend to have a strike length that is equal to or greater than the dip dimension. The influence of the shape of the main hangingwall is more uncertain until a larger pattern develops. Some of the ore zones contained within the shear zone have faults along or close to one wall. The faults in places contain gouge and develop weak broken walls to ore, but also appear to extend along strike beyond ore limits. There is no direct indication whether these faults are related to ore or perhaps to the fold structures that in turn control ore. Other ore controls may exist and be discovered with further development and investigation. Description of the Ore Minerals.—The ore minerals are dominantly chalcopyrite and sphalerite which, with pyrite, form massive medium- to fine-grained sulphide aggregates. The sphalerite to chalcopyrite ratio is approximately 3:1. Galena and bornite can be seen in hand specimens in various places. In addition, microscopic examination of the ore has revealed small amounts of tennantite, covel- lite, digenite, and stromeyerite. Apart from one reported occurrence of stromeye- rite (Ag, Cu)2S, no silver or gold minerals have been seen, and the nature of the distribution of these two metals in the ore remains unknown. The gangue consists mainly of quartz sericite chlorite talc schist with calcite and barite. Barite is not widespread and tends to occur in pockets and lenses rather than to be regularly distributed throughout the orebodies. Of all the gangue minerals, only barite is associated solely with the sulphides. The distribution of pyrite merits attention, as there is a pattern distinct from that of the other sulphide minerals. Pyrite forms an integral part of the orebodies, and is distributed throughout the other sulphides as angular anhedral grains with a wide range of size. Pyrite may also occur concentrated in bands within the banded ores that are described below. Apart from being a constituent of the ore, pyrite also occurs as discrete masses or disseminations by itself, or in places with sufficient disseminated chalcopyrite to make ore of marginal grade. The pyrite zones have been discovered on the 1075 and 925 levels of the mine; their shape broadly resembles that of the orebodies. On the 925 level the pyrite zone is massive in the shaft crosscut but becomes a wide disseminated zone with well-formed crystals scattered through quartz sericite schist to the southeast. Slickensides can be seen on LODE METALS 163 the pyrite where it is smeared along some of the foliation. Normally the pyrite zone is distinct from the orebody that contains other sulphides and pyrite, and, apart from detailed banded textures, the orebody is not normally zoned into further mineral groups. One exception to this occurs on the 925 level in exposures at approximately 50 feet south of the reference point (see Fig. 17). Across the shear zone from northeast to southwest there is in turn:— (1) Barren quartz sericite schist. (2) Disseminated pyrite, with minor chalcopyrite in quartz sericite schist. (3) Massive pyrite. (4) Massive pyrite and chalcopyrite. (5) Sphalerite, with very minor chalcopyrite and disseminated quartz. (6) A narrow schistose fault wall with gouge. (7) Massive volcanic breccia. Such a zoning of minerals has not been observed elsewhere in the Lynx mine. The cumulative evidence from mineral distribution, fractures, boudinage structures, cataclastic and flowage textures seen in mine exposures and specimens is that pyrite or some of the pyrite was earlier in age than the other sulphides. The other ore sulphides have mutual textures that imply only one period or pulse of mineralization. The main texture of the ore is the pronounced banding of the sulphides observed in many places. The bands are composed of sphalerite or chalcopyrite or pyrite, although pyrite may also be disseminated as an even granular constituent through ore that has sphalerite and chalcopyrite bands. The bands range in width from about one thirty-second inch to about 1 inch, though the broader bands are more sparse and variable. The bands are not purely one mineral but are a concentration of one sulphide mineral with minor amounts of others and there may be streaks of one mineral within a broader zone of another mineral. The boundaries between the bands are sharply transitional and are intergrown on a microscopic scale. Broadly, this banding in the sulphides is parallel to the adjacent schistosity. However, in a few places the banding cuts cleanly across the schistosity. As a rule the sulphide banding has a strike and dip roughly concordant with the shear zone but in places there are curving flowage textures. In a few places the banding exhibits closed fold structures that are of interest when considering the origin of the banding. The folding is of similar type and there is crestal thickening of the same mineral bands that form the limbs. One polished slab shows chalcopyrite in lenses cutting across the banding in attitudes that correspond in position to the axial plane of the fold, and also in fine cracks that cut across the fold. Classification and Origin.—The orebodies of the Lynx mine are massive sulphide deposits. One explanation of their origin is that they are replacement deposits in a favourable shear zone and that the ore is banded due to fluctuating concentration of metals and selective replacement of the schists, and that depositional controls were structural where there tended to be zones of least pressure within the shear zone. The origin of the metals would then lie at unknown depths, probably related to the granitic rocks that are exposed 2 miles to the west of the mine. However, this leaves a number of features unexplained. The origin of the banding remains in doubt, and this is the conclusion of many papers that have described similar banded sulphide ores. There are few or no gradational stages between waste and massive sulphide ore. The ore banding cuts across schistosity in places. Unless obscured by later alteration, the changes in the host rock appear too coarse to account for the delicate banding. The granitic batholith 2 miles to the west shows no other sign of mineralization, although it does to the south, and there 164 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 is a possibility that the relationship of intrusion and mineralization is a matter of the level of original granite emplacement. Evidence of the fold structures in massive banded ore is not conclusive for either pre- or post-folding replacement. However, post-ore folding would appear unlikely in such a massive competent material surrounded by weak incompetent schists; rather, faulting and fracturing in the ore would be expected. The orebodies of the Lynx mine have many features that classify them as conformable pyritic orebodies, and these include (Stanton, C.I.M., Trans. 63, 1960, p. 22) :— (1) Pyritic sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite ore. (2) Lack of pyrrhotite, dominance of sphalerite. (3) Banding parallel or sub-parallel to bedding and (or) schistosity of the enclosing rock. (4) Lack of veins of ore sulphides. (5) Association with pyroclastic rocks. (6) Pale low-iron chlorite in the gangue. The postulated origin for such orebodies is that the minerals were concentrated from volcanic sources, perhaps deposited in shallow water sediments, and the banded texture is due to slow segregation in situ during compaction, folding, and regional metamorphism. There is no evidence to suggest that the schists were originally shallow water sediments, and the over-all structure is discordant to the regional geology. There is little disseminated mineralization associated with the Lynx orebodies. The type conformable pyritic orebodies are supposedly not connected to local structures, and yet there is evidence at the Lynx mine to point to local structural controls being important. The transgression of schistosity by banding is another problem in that it implies post-schist mineralization. The formation of the banding by metamor- phic segregation could be an acceptable explanation, but the folds then imply that there was post-ore folding on a very tight local scale. The separation of pyrite in situation and time from other sulphides is a feature of some ore deposits. One postulated genesis is the formation of pyrite from volcanic emanations during original sedimentation, and the migration of other metals from the host rock to the pyrite bodies during subsequent metamorphism. Apart from the possibility of a volcanic origin for the metals, there are two possible igneous sources that can be considered. There is the granitic batholith west of the Lynx mine. Copper and gold mineralization occurs in association with this batholith several miles to the south. Gunning (1930) has noted copper occurrences in the limestone rocks west of the Lynx property. These are small mineralized zones along the margins of basic dykes and sills that are earlier in age than the granitic rocks. Similar rocks occur as sills throughout the upper part of the Lower Permian succession and are believed to be associated with the overlying Upper Triassic volcanic rocks. No copper mineralization has been noted with these rocks away from the margins of the granitic batholith. In conclusion it will be seen that there is much conflicting evidence concerning the genesis of the massive sulphide ores of the Lynx mine. Regional geology points to the host rock being a shear zone, and not a specific member of the local strati- graphic sequence that has been rendered schistose by severe folding. Subsequent to formation of the shear zone, a development that could fit many apparently conflicting observations is as follows. The shear zone was initially a broad zone of failure, but subsequent movements along it were concentrated on or near fault zones along which the schist was further intensely deformed, crumpled, dragfolded, and in 166 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 part converted to clay gouge. These fault zones became sites for the deposition of sulphides brought in by hydrothermal solutions. The sulphides were localized by structures within the faults such as dragfolds. In addition, it would be expected that the fault zones themselves would be localized by the structure of the initial broad shear zone, such as the shape of the hangingwall and included " horses " of massive rock. Flexures in the fault zones could have become sites for ore deposition. Therefore, there may be an indirect and perhaps tenuous structural control of ore location through the shape and nature of the shear zone. For the time being the sulphide banding is taken to represent a replacement of the schistose rocks within the local fault zones, from consideration of the small closed folds seen in the sulphide banding. This hypothesis takes into account such features as:— (1) Lack of disseminated ore. (2) Partial transgressions of schistosity and sulphide. (3) Localization of ore by folds. (4) A weak localization of ore by the main hangingwall structure and massive " horses " of the broad shear zone, in so far as these features originally controlled the position of the subsequent strike faults. (5) The common presence of faults and clay gouge on the walls of orebodies. The Lynx massive sulphide orebodies are classified on present evidence as hydrothermal deposits that replace crumpled schists within a shear zone. [References: Gunning, H. C, Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., Pt. A, 1930, p. 56; Stanton, R. L., C.I.M. Trans. LXIII, 1960, p. 22; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1962, 1963; Preliminary Geological Map, Buttle Lake Area, 1964, B.C. Dept. of Mines.] (49° 125° N.W.) Company office, 1824 Marine Building, The Buttle Lake Vancouver 1. H. H. Huestis, president. This company holds Mining Company 34 recorded claims in the Buttle Lake area. Seventeen claims Limited* adjoin the Western Mines Limited property on the northwest and 17 adjoin the same property on the southeast. A crew of five men, employed for a period of two months, made a soil-sample survey on a 200-foot grid pattern over an area of two-thirds of a square mile. In addition, 86 pits were drilled, blasted, and sampled. _ ,, Tranquil Inlet (49° 125° S.W.) Gold The key claims of this property comprise five Crown-granted Fandora and Gold claims situated on the northwest side of Tranquil Creek about Flake (Tofino Gold 2 miles from the head of Tranquil Inlet. From a beach camp Mines Ltd.)t near the mouth of Tranquil Creek, a jeep-road 2 miles long follows the valley of the creek to a point from which a steep trail and light tram-line lead to the mine and camp-sites at an elevation of 1,500 feet. The property, owned by Moneta Porcupine Mines, Limited, has in recent years been leased to W. E. McArthur, Sr. From March, 1963, to the end of July, 1964, New Hamil Silver Lead Mines Ltd. attempted to operate the property on a larger scale as a milling operation. This proved unsuccessful due mainly to inadequate reserves of ore of a suitable grade. The gold-quartz veins were discovered in the late 1930's when surface work disclosed the veins in a shear zone adjacent to an andesite dyke. The property has been developed intermittently since 1946, and some small shipments have been made. Four adit levels have been driven at 1,500, 1,700, 1,900, and 2,100 feet * By J. E. Merrett. t By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 167 elevation respectively. The quartz veins are commonly narrow and strike north 70 degrees west and dip about 75 degrees to the north. In 1964 the 15-12 raise was driven through to 1700 level, making a connection from 1500 to 1700 level. Stoping was done at various points in the vein from 1500 level and to a small extent from 1700 level. A crew ranging from 14 to 17 men was employed under the general supervision of Ian McMillan. A 35-ton mill, installed in 1963, began production in February, 1964. Approximately 930 tons of ore was milled. The mill ceased production on July 19th, but a clean-up was made by W. E. McArthur, Jr., in September and small shipments were made to the Tacoma and Trail smelters. Total recovery of precious metals in 1964 was: Gold, 734 ounces; silver, 103 ounces. Kennedy Lake Iron (49° 125° S.E.) Company office, Room 1700, Bank of Brynnor Mines Nova Scotia Building, 44 King Street West, Toronto 1; Limited* British Columbia office, Suite 105, 2256 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver 9; mine office, Ucluelet. R. V. Porritt, president; T. R. Wearing, manager; D. W. Burns, pit superintendent; A. M. Connie, underground superintendent; A. W. Hagerty, mill superintendent. This company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Noranda Mines, Limited. The mine is situated about 2V_ miles southeast of Kennedy Lake, near the headwaters of Draw Creek. Access is by the Alberni-Tofino road as far as Kennedy Lake and by a logging-road from there to the mine. Ore is trucked from the crushing plant to the mill and loading dock at Toquart Bay, a distance of 8 miles. Here the magnetite is loaded from a large storage pile into ocean-going ore-carriers for shipment to Japan. The geology of the mine and the surrounding area has been described at some length in the Annual Reports for 1962 and 1963. All the ore produced up to the present time has been mined by open-pit methods. The open pit is worked by standard benching methods, the benches being approximately 30 feet apart. Down holes are drilled with a 9-inch Bucyrus-Erie 40-R and a 6-inch C.I.R. Drillmaster rotary drill and are loaded with AN/FO in conjunction with M.2 and M.4 aluminum- T.N.T. slurry explosives. Lifter holes are drilled with air-tracks and are loaded with conventional explosives. Muck is loaded by two Dominion and one Bucyrus- Erie shovels into Dart end-dump trucks and hauled to the crusher or waste dump. By the end of the year, operations were confined to the north section of the pit; the south end is worked out and is now being used as a water sump. Preliminary excavations were begun in August, 1963, for the sinking of a three-compartment shaft to give access to deeper extensions of the orebody. By the end of 1963 this shaft, called the Brynnor No. 1, had been sunk 102 feet. The sinking, carried out by Fry & Associates (Western) Ltd., was continued in 1964, and by the end of the year was completed to a depth of 856 feet. Stations were cut out at the 400-, 600-, and 750-foot levels. An 8-foot-diameter double-drum electrically driven hoist was installed, together with a 2,000-cubic-feet-per-minute air compressor. In December, work was proceeding on the erection of a steel head- frame. The following is a summary of development work done in 1964:— Ft. Shaft-sinking 754 Crosscutting (stations) 140 • By A. R. C. James. 168 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Waste removal (open pit), 1,895,668 net tons. The total amount of ore mined was 1,017,343 tons, and this yielded 753,732 tons of concentrate. The number of men employed was 164. (See Annual Reports, 1961, pp. 104-110; 1962, pp. 111-124; 1963, pp. 117-121.) Nanaimo Lakes (49° 124° S.E.) Gold Company office, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. Vulcan (Sileurian Walter Eilers, president. The property consists of three Chieftain Mining claims in the vicinity of Deadhorse Creek on the west slope Company Limited)* of Mount de Cosmos, 5 miles northwest of Nanaimo Lakes. Access to the property is by the Nanaimo Lakes road and by logging-roads within the Nanaimo Lakes operations of Crown Zellerbach Canada Limited. The Vulcan property is described in some detail in the Annual Report for 1937. The mineralization, which is reported to contain values in gold and minor values in silver, occurs in a strong shear zone in altered volcanic rocks. A shaft, believed to be 105 feet deep, was sunk many years ago, and a drift 138 feet long was driven northeastward from a point 16 feet below the collar of the shaft. In 1963 the present company drove an adit from surface and completed 100 feet of drifting and crosscutting, making contact with the shaft at a point 20 feet below the collar. This work was continued in 1964, when a further 95 feet of drifting and 264 feet of diamond drilling were done. In March, work was discontinued. Nitinat (48° 124° N.W.) Copper Company office, 205, 702 Fort Street, Victoria. James M. Mai (Marshall McNulty, president. This company has 32 recorded claims Creek Copper Co. on Marchand Creek, which flows westward into Nitinat Lake Lrd.)t 5J/_ miles from the head of the lake. Access is by logging- roads, either from Port Alberni or from Lake Cowichan, to the head of Nitinat Lake, and from there by boat to the property. A crew of nine men stripped the main surface outcrop over a distance of 350 feet and drilled a series of short diamond-drill holes along the outcrop. This showing consists of a ramifying shear zone that trends about north 35 degrees west, dips 85 degrees northeast, and is filled with sulphides with widths up to 1 to 2 feet, but mostly less. A detailed geological survey was made of the area surrounding the main mineral occurrence and a geological reconnaissance survey was made of the whole property. A total of 828 soil samples was taken, and six other mineralized outcrops were located and exposed by stripping. Duncan (48° 123° N.W.) Copper Wm. Howden, 1132 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5, Lenorat obtained a lease on this old property on Mount Sicker from the owner, Vancouver Island Base Metals Limited, a subsidiary of Base Metals Mining Corporation. Three men began working on the property during the summer and continued until mid-December, when a 14-foot snowfall suspended operations. The surface stripping and removal of a crown * By A. R. C. James. t By J. E. Merrett and A. Sutherland Brown. t By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 169 pillar of an old stope on the Lenora claim produced 167 tons of ore, which was shipped to the Tacoma smelter. No. 2 adit was reopened and retimbered for a distance of 350 feet to provide access to an old stope, in which it was reported that some ore remained in the stope pillars. Copper Jordan River (48° 124° S.E.) Sunloch and Gabbro (Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd.)* Company office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, River Jordan. Oswood G. MacDonald, president. This property is on the Jordan River about 1 mile upstream from its mouth and is connected by road to the Victoria highway about one-half mile east of the River Jordan Post Office. An operating lease was obtained by Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. from Sumo Mines Limited (controlled by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) to remove ore from 18 claims, which include the Cave, Central, and River ore zones. The flooding of the mine in 1963, brought about by the caving of the B stope through to the bed of the Jordan River, continued until the last of seven bulkheads was installed in the B stope. Access to the underground workings was made by way of the ventilation raise extending to the surface at the 6000 level. Early in January, 1964, the 5100 level adit was blocked by a cave to surface at a point 1,700 feet from the portal. It would appear that the strong flow of water through the adit had washed out supporting timbers at a greenstone-gabbro contact where there was some fracturing. The unsupported area caved and plugged the adit, whereupon water with a head roughly equivalent to the height of B stope welled up through the fractured ground and issued through gravel at the surface. It was not long before this water began to erode the gravels covering bedrock, and a serious washout occurred between the 5100 portal and camp, taking with it the portal area, trestle, tracks, two locomotives, the concentrate loading shed, and a storage shed. It was estimated that a total of 500,000 cubic yards of gravel was washed into the river below the camp. Figure 19 shows in diagrammatic form the situations of the caving of B stope that closed the mine on December 5, 1963, and of the cave in the adit which led to the serious washout on January 6, 1964. The flood water later was diverted west to the river in order to protect the portal area from further damage. A crew of 42 men, most of whom were employed underground, was engaged in reopening the 5100 level adit as far as the caved area, and in reconditioning the machinery and electrical equipment in the mill and crushing-plant areas. A more complete description of the flooding and caving is contained in the dangerous occurrences section in this Annual Report. Early in January, 1965, the attempt to reopen the 5100 level through the caved area was abandoned and a by-pass was driven on the east side of the tunnel. * By J. E. Merrett. 170 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Figure 19. Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. Diagram of positions of cave and washout. LODE METALS 171 REPORTS ON GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL WORK Reports accepted to the end of 1958 for credit on assessment requirements for properties held under the Mineral Act and the Placer-mining Act since January 17, 1947, and reports on geochemical surveys accepted since April 6, 1951, are listed in the Annual Report for 1958. Starting with 1959, each Annual Report lists the reports accepted during the current calendar year. A copy of each report may be examined in the office of the Mining Recorder for the mining division in which the property is located. A second copy of each report is filed in the office of the Chief of the Mineralogical Branch, Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources, Victoria. The property name is that which appears to be in most common use. It is not feasible to fist all the claim names in each property. The author of each report is given and the principal for whom the report was written. The co-ordinate given for each report is the southeast corner of the 1-degree quadrilateral within which the property lies. Reports Credited for Assessment, 1964 Geographic Position Kind of Work Property Owner or Principal rt ■a 1° Qnadr. Quarter Author of Report 1 tJ u 'o 'ca >> _ 1 Date of Submission of Report o o. _ a o O & 0 0 0 48" 124° N.E. PngnNns 1-4 566 X E. M. Wilson. E. M. Wilson. September 28,1964. 48° 124" S.E. F.xf rirnnp 544 X Macsan Exploration Ltd. D. C. Malcolm. February 19, 1964. 48° 124° S.E. Ren Group 549 X X X Newconex Exploration Ltd. Richard R. Gilbert. April 29, 1964. 49° 118° N.W. Ruth E.6-E.13 615 — X — Value Line Mining Ltd. Earl F. Elstone. December 10,1964. 49° 118° S.E. Skylark firnup 542 _ 1 X Prudential Petroleums Ltd. Alfred R. Allen. February 14, 1964. 49° 118° S.W. Pnpp^r Pnin firniip 562 X X H. H. Shear and J. M. MacLean. H. H. Shear. April 17,1964. 49° 120° N.W. FRM Nos. 26-45 575 X X Fort Reliance Minerals Ltd. A. D. Wilmot and E. W. Johnson. October 28,1964. 49° 121° N.W. Whipsaw Claim Group 561 x x Dome Exploration (Canada) Ltd. R. H. Seraphim. June 9,1964. 49° 125° 1 N.W. Gam Claims 560 X X — Mastodon-Highland Bell Mines Ltd. W. R. Bacon. July 2,1964. 172 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Reports Credited for Assessment, 1964—Continued Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 49° 125° 49° 125° 49° 125° 50° 117° 50° 117° 50° 117° 50° 118° 50° 118° 50° 118° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 121° 50° 121° 50° 127° 50° 127° S.W. S.W. S.W. S.E. S.E. S.E. N.E. N.W. N.W. S.E. S.W. N.E. N.E. S.E. N.W. N.E. Catface Claims.. Catface Copper Mines Ltd. Dr. A. Smith and H. S. Lazenby. March 6,1964. Catface Claims Catface Copper Mines Ltd. A. Smith, D. J. Salt, and H. S. Lazenby. February 19, 1964. Catface Claims- Catface Copper Mines Ltd. H. S. Lazenby. November 13, 1964. AG Nos. 49-56 Mclntyre Porcupine Mines Ltd. J. W. MacLeod. May 15, 1964. Art, Try, and L.R. Groups Leonard Root. James A. Mitchell. July 23, 1964. Kat Claims 540 541 580 553 564 573 Mastodon-Highland Bell Mines Ltd. D. W. Smellie. September 30, 1964. Bell Nos. 1-15 Sunshine Lardeau Mines Ltd. Joseph P. Sullivan. February 20, 1964. Kingfisher and Bright Star Trio Groups John Ens, D. M. Mills, W. C. Rotar, and The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. R. G. Gifford and J. Richardson. November 19, 1964. Kingfisher and Bright Star Trio Groups John Ens, W. C. Rotar, and The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. J. Richardson. November 19, 1964. Kan Claims 546, | X 547 578 Canex Aerial Exploration Limited. Andrew R. Dodds. October 29, 1964. MLM Claims G. J. Saarse. D. W. Smellie. September 17, 1964. Sally Nos. 1^1 Copper Lake Exploration Co. Ltd. Alfred R. Allen. July 9, 1964. Nel Nos. 1-20... Donald W. Smellie. Donald W. Smellie. November 5,1964. Alamo Claims Earlcrest Resources Ltd. R. B. Stokes. April 23, 1964. Ace No. 6 Fr J. M. Black. J. M. Black. November 26,1964. Trey Nos. 1 and 2 M. C. D. Hobbs. J. M. Black. September 10,1964. 579 582 572 577 576 550 602 567 LODE METALS Reports Credited for Assessment, 1964—Continued 173 Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 51° 118° 51° 123° 51° 123° 52° 122° 53° 124° 54° 121° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 125° 54° 127° 56° 125° and 56° 126° S.E. 51° 123° | S.W. S.E. S.E. S.E. N.W. N.W. N.W. S.E. S.E. N.W. N.W. S.E. S.E. N.E. S.W. S.E. Robina Nos. 1-12_ Great West Mining Corporation Ltd. F. L. Price. September 13,1963. Chita Claims Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada, Limited. H. W. Agnew. April 30,1964. Cirque Group- Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada, Limited. H. W. Agnew. April 30, 1964. Taseka Groups- Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited. Philip G. Hallof. July 29, 1964. Xaire Nos. 1 and 2 Malabar Mining Co. Ltd. Alfred R. Allen. August 19, 1964. Do Fo Jo Group- Coast Exploration Ltd. J. Sullivan. May 12,1964. Copper Canyon Nos. 5 and 6~ Hurley River Mines Ltd. D. L. Hings. December 14,1964. Al Nos. 1 and 2 Frs Jodee Explorations Ltd. Franklin L. C. Price. March 23, 1964. AX, BX, and AB Claims.. New Indian Mines Limited. F. J. Hemsworth. August 13,1964. Bell Claims Julian Mining Co. Ltd. Roderick Macrae and Leon A. Hansen. January 24, 1964. Bill Nos. 1-20 Skeena Silver Mines Ltd. Franklin L. C. Price. September 10, 1964. McC Nos. 39-42, 78-79 Jodee Explorations Ltd. Franklin L. C. Price. March 23,1964. MS Nos. 1-9 New Indian Mines Limited. F. J. Hemsworth. June 11,1964. Pat Claims Endako Mines Ltd. L. Adie, R. E. Cribbs, and D. C. Rotherham. July 3,1964. M Nos. 1-23 and 69 _ Climax Molybdenum (B.C.) Ltd. R. E. Anderson. January 17,1964. Jane Claims 539 551 552 556 571 548 613 558 555 538 583 557 I 559 568 545 554 Croydon Mines Ltd. L. B. Gatenby. June 24,1964. 174 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Reports Credited for Assessment, 1964—Continued Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 56° 127° 56° 130° 56° 130° 57° 131° 58° 129° 58° 133° 59° 134° S.W. N.E. N.E. S.E. S.E. N.W. S.E. Kay, Trudy, Sandy, and Nonie Groups. Glen Huck. W. D. Thompson. September 3,1964. Lyn, Ray Y Fr., and Ray Groups Granduc Mines Ltd. G. W. H. Norman. September 10,1964. Shan Nos. 1-20 Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Ltd. G. W. H. Norman. September 9,1964. Goat and Kim Claims . Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited. G. H. Rayner and C. S. Ney. September 11,1964. Joy Nos. l-32_ Kennco Explorations, (Western) Limited. Philip G. Hallof, A. Panteleyev, and C. S. Ney. October 15,1964. Sil and Apex Claims- Terratest Co. Ltd. Gordon Bernius. March 19,1964. Butte Claim Group- 574 569 570 565 585 543 563 The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. J. Richardson and R. G. Gilford. May 29, 1964. Placer Cariboo CONTENTS Paob 175 Hixon Creek 175 Willow River 175 Williams Creek 175 Antler Creek 176 Lightning Creek— 176 Quesnel River_ ___ 176 Keithley Creek 176 Cranbrook.___ 177 Fort Steele 177 Maus Creek 177 Kimberley. _ 178 Perry Creek 178 Lisbon Creek 178 Columbia River 178 Kirbyville Creek.__ 178 CARIBOO* Hixon Creek (53° 122° S.W.) Company office, 202, 1201 West Pender Street, Vancouver Chilco Explorations, 1. H. B. Mills, president and engineer in charge of property. Ltd. This company holds 14 placer leases on Hixon Creek under option from Hixon Placers Incorporated, of Seattle. Work in 1964 included installation of 1,800 feet of hydraulic pipe-line, repairs to the existing pipe-line, construction of sluice-boxes, and installation of a No. 6 monitor in preparation for hydraulicking. A crew averaging 16 men was employed between July 15th and November 15th. Willow River (53° 121° S.W.) Tregillus Creek.—Eric North hydraulicked gravel on his leases from June 1st to August 15th. Mosquito Creek.—Jack Gunn continued hydraulicking on his lease on the upper part of Mosquito Creek. Williams Creek (53° 121° S.W.) Lowhee Creek.—Russell MacDougall and two men hydraulicked gravel near the headwaters of Lowhee Creek. * By W. C. Robinson. 175 176 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Antler Creek (53° 121° S.E.) China Creek.—John Kelly did some testing on his lease. California Gulch.—Wilkinson, Kellogg, and Larsen hydraulicked ground on California Creek. Grouse Creek.—Ike and Lambert Koopmans hydraulicked and sluiced gravel on Grouse Creek. A pump, with rated capacity of 1,000 gallons per minute, supplied water for two small monitors. Andrew McGuire worked on his lease on Grouse Creek. Company office, 501, 615 West Pender Street, Vancouver 2. Grouse Creek Mines D. G. McCrae, president; E. E. Mason, consulting engineer. Ltd. This company holds seven leases in the vicinity of Grouse Creek. The objective of this company is to discover and mine the downstream extension of a rich channel worked by the Heron Company almost a century ago. During 1963 seismic surveying and churn drilling indicated the presence of a deep gutter. During 1964 a camp was established near the operation, a water-drainage tunnel 114 feet long was completed, and a two-compartment shaft was sunk to a depth of approximately 80 feet. A level was established at a depth of 68 feet and 37 feet of crosscutting, mostly in bedrock, and approximately 120 feet of drifting along the channel was done. An average crew of six men was employed from January to December under the supervision of Gilles Bolduc. Lightning Creek (53° 122° S.E.) Company office, 204, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; mine Wingdam & Light- office, Wingdam. R. A. Brossard, president. This company ning Creek controls leases along Lightning Creek at Wingdam, 30 miles Mining Co. Ltd. by road from Quesnel. The company's objective was to reopen the old Melvin workings and resume mining in the deep lead gravels of Lightning Creek. Rehabilitation of the underground workings in the Melvin shaft area was continued until September 1, 1964, when work ceased and the mine was allowed to flood. (See Annual Report, 1961, pp. 131-132.) Quesnel River (52° 121° N.W.) McMarrin Explorations Ltd.—Company office, 1232 Flury Road, Richmond. N. Pentecost, president. This company holds ground on Little Lake Creek, a tributary of Morehead Creek. During 1964 preparations were made to start a hydraulic pit above the old " Morehead " pit. Spanish Placers Ltd.—Registered office, 703, 470 Granville Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, Likely. D. R. Harris, president. In 1964 D. R. Harris and F. P. Clark continued to operate a hydraulic pit on the south bank of the Cariboo River about 1 mile below Spanish Creek. A slide, occurring in June, buried the sluice- boxes and interrupted this hydraulic operation. Keithley Creek (52° 121° N.E.) Ernest Lang worked with two men on his lease 1,700 feet Keithley Creek below the confluence of Snowshoe and Keithley Creeks. A new 4- by 6-foot shaft has been sunk to a depth of 25 PLACER 177 feet. At the time of the writer's visit in July approximately 20 feet of drifting had been done from the bottom of the shaft in an attempt to locate the centre of the old channel of Keithley Creek. Little Snowshoe Creek.—Tom Kinvig did some road repairs and worked on his lease about 1 V_ miles upstream from the mouth of the creek. Company office, 203, 955 West Hastings Street, Vancouver Harvey Creek 1. Austin C. Taylor, president. This company holds seven Mines Ltd. leases on Nigger Creek. During 1964 gravel was hydrau licked along a 200-foot section of the creek. A crew of four men was employed under the supervision of Barney Boe. CRANBROOK* (49° 116° N.W.) This lease is below the falls on the Monilee Moyie River, 14 miles southwest of Cranbrook. It is held by D. J. Oscarson, of Kimberley, and operated by two parties of workmen who subleased the property in 1958. The work is done on week-ends, and the main activities are directed to the driving of two adit drifts toward and below an old course of the river. T. O. Bloomer and partner completed a raise that was being driven from the No. 1 adit to the gravel, and extended the drift another 35 feet. There was no recovery of gold. P. Kotush and partner drove the No. 2 adit a further 45 feet in gravel. There was no recovery of gold. FORT STEELE* (49° 115° N.W.) Head office, 100 Mococo Road, Mar- Mountain Copper tinez, Calif.; Wm. McClung, president. In 1964 this com- Company of Call- pany optioned the four placer leases held by the Pundata fornia Limited Mining Limited at the confluence of Fisher Creek and Wild- horse River, 5 miles northeast of Fort Steele. Most of the activities were on the west side of the river. Between March 17th and May 6th seven churn-drill holes, totalling 272 feet, were put down in the gravel banks. Most of the holes reached bedrock. Further exploration was suspended following the drilling, and the drilling equipment has since been removed from the property. There were five men employed. The work was under the supervision of A. D. Clements, field engineer. Registered office, 1143-17th Avenue Southwest, Calgary, Veezay Minerals Alta. This company, a subsidiary of V. Zay Smith Associ- Exploration ates Limited, holds six placer leases located near the foot of Lone Mountain, 3 miles east of Fort Steele. The leases are believed to be on an old channel. Between May 6th and 29th a crew of six men put down four churn-drill holes, totalling 377 feet. The work was under the direction of Angus G. MacKenzie, mining engineer. Maus Creek (49° 115° N.W.) Registered office, 209 British Canadian Trust Building, Leth- Maus Minerals bridge, Alta. G. R. Castles, president. This company, Ltd. formed in 1964, holds a controlling interest in four placer leases on Maus Creek, 4 miles east of Fort Steele. The • By P. E. Olson. 9 178 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 leases were formerly held and prospected by G. R. Castles, of Lethbridge. During 1964 a crew of four men for a period of five weeks continued sinking a small shaft near the creek. KIMBERLEY* Perry Creek (49° 115° N.W.) Head office, 100 Mococo Road, Martinez, Calif. Wm. Mountain Copper McClung, president; A. D. Clements, field engineer. Dur- Company of Cali- ing the autumn of 1964 this company staked and recorded fornia Limited 10 placer leases near the confluence of Perry and Paris Creeks. The property is 10 miles southeast of Kimberley and may be reached by road from Wycliffe. A crew of five men drilled six holes, totalling 132 feet, with a churn drill between October 21st and November 7th. All the holes were drilled to bedrock, and were on the west side of Perry Creek. Lisbon Creek (49° 115° N.W.) R. E. Williams and W. Kludash, of Kimberley, made a few cuts and started a new adit on their placer lease near the confluence of Perry and Lisbon Creeks. The work was done on week-ends. COLUMBIA RIVERf Kirbyville Creek (51° 118° N.W.) Company office, 342 Lawrence Avenue, Kelowna. W. A. Columbia Gold Mitchell, manager; L. G. White, consulting engineer. This Ltd. property is on the west side of the Columbia River at the mouth of Kirbyville Creek. Work commenced in May and was completed during October by a crew of three men. The company reports that a 6- by 9-foot shaft was sunk to a depth of 45 feet during 1964. The property is serviced by a boat and high line across the Columbia River. The property was not visited. * By P. E. Olson. t By W. C. Robinson. . Structural Materials and Industrial Minerals CONTENTS Asbestos _ Page 179 Barite 179 BUILDING-STONE „ 181 Cf.mp.nt 182 Clay and Shale 183 DlATOMITE 184 Dolomite 184 Gypsum 184 Kyanite . 185 Limestone _ - 186 Magnesite 187 Marl 200 Sand and Gravel 201 Silica _ ._. . .. 206 Tatp 207 ASBESTOS Mount McDame (59° 129° S.W.). Head office, 1001, 85 Cassiar Asbestos Richmond Street West, Toronto, Ont; mine office, Cassiar. Corporation J. D. Christian, president; J. G. Berry, general superinten- Limited* dent. The property is 86 miles by road southwesterly from Mile 648.8 on the Alaska Highway. The mine is on Mount McDame at an elevation of approximately 6,000 feet. The mill and townsite are in Troutline Creek valley at 3,500 feet elevation. The property has been described in the 1960 Annual Report. During 1964 ore was mined from benches at elevations 6,080, 6,050, 6,020, and 5,990 feet in the open pit. Totals of 713,982 tons of ore and 3,500,080 tons of waste were broken. The rock reject plant at the mine treated 349,632 tons of ore and rejected 118,112 tons of waste. The mill operated for 320 days to process 587,820 tons of ore, which yielded 66,896 tons of fibre. Plant construction included installation of a drier at the mine and additional equipment in the mill. BARITEf Company office, P.O. Box 700, 529 Sixth Street South, Leth- Mountain Minerals bridge, Alta.; quarry office, Brisco. R. A. Thrall, managing Limited director; William McPherson, superintendent. The two barite operations owned by this company at Brisco (50° 116° N.E.) and Parson (51° 116° S.W.), and described in past Annual Reports, *By W. C.Robinson, t By D. R. Morgan. 179 Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited. Aerial tram leading to open pit in saddle. Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited. Open pit and head of tram, left. ; — STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 181 were inactive during 1964 owing to the depressed state of the market for barite. Shipments of crude barite made during 1964 included 1,685 tons from a stockpile at Brisco and 900 tons from a stockpile at Parson. There were three men employed. (50° 116° N.E.) Company office, 44 King Street West, Baroid of Canada, Toronto, Ont. J. A. Martino, president; H. K. Beggs, plant Ltd. superintendent. This company operates the old Giant Mas cot lead and zinc property at Spillimacheen, south of Golden, for the purpose of mining barite. The property was purchased in 1960, and since that time most of the activities have been directed to the recovery of barite from a large tailings dump left by the former operator. The tailings are trucked to the mill, crushed, and separated by a number of new units that were installed in 1960. The barite concentrate is then trucked to a railway siding on the Kootenay Central Railway at Spillimacheen for shipment by rail to the company processing plant at Ono- way, Alta. Mining of the tailings and hauling of the concentrates were done by contract. The plant operated four months, and was shut down at the end of October for the winter months. Three men were kept until the end of November loading and trucking tailings to a stockpile near the plant, to enable an early start to be made next spring. A watchman is kept at the plant during the winter months. A crew of nine men treated and recovered 7,500 tons of barite concentrates in 1964. BUILDING-STONE Sirdar (49° 116° S.W.). Company office, 1316 Centre International Street North, Calgary, Alta.; plant office, Sirdar. W. R. Marble & Stone Rookes, president; Henry Rennich, manager. Capital: Company Limited* 3,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns a crushing and bagging plant, which is 2 miles north of Sirdar on the Kootenay Bay-Creston highway. During 1964 the company operated quarries at Sirdar (490 tons of granite) and Crawford Creek (3,263 tons of dolomite). The granite is crushed and bagged, the bulk of production being marketed as poultry grit. The dolomite is trucked from the quarry and stockpiled at the Sirdar plant. Most of the dolomite is sold as stucco and roofing chips. The company also handled on a commission basis 200 tons of quartzite facing-stone, from a deposit at Porcupine Creek near Ymir. All products were sold in Alberta. About eight men were employed throughout the year. Riverside*.—(49° 117° S.E.) A. Endersby, of Fruitvale, produced and sold 35 tons of decorative facing-stone which was quarried from the Riverside Crown- granted mineral claim on Sheep Creek, near Salmo. All production was sold in the Nelson District. (49° 117° S.E.) Jim Bakken and Associates, of Salmo, Porcupine* operated a quarry on Porcupine Creek, 7.2 miles by road from the Ymir-Salmo highway. The rock produced is quartzite facing-stone very similar to that being quarried on the Riverside Crown- granted mineral claim on Sheep Creek, near Salmo. About 300 tons of stone was produced, most of which was sold in Alberta through the International Marble & Stone Company Limited. * P. E. Olson. 182 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The quartzite outcrop at the site of the quarry is more than 100 feet wide and 1,000 feet long. Within the outcrop the stone occurs in readily separated slabs ranging from a fraction of an inch to several inches thick. It comes in a variety of colours, including buff, red, grey, and green—usually in a mottled pattern. The stone is hauled to the Ymir-Salmo highway, where it is stockpiled and most of it is crated. Three men were employed in 1964. (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 880 Beach Avenue, Van- Continental Marble couver. This company operates a quarry located in a large and Granite Ltd.* granite deposit 9 miles south of Beaverdell, adjacent to the highway. The product is trucked to Beaverdell and then shipped by Canadian Pacific Railway to Vancouver. The stone is then crushed to size and used as facing material in a new building-block process recently developed by the parent company, Continental Bordignon Ltd. Production from the quarry in 1964 was 7,000 tons. A crew of five was employed under the direction of A. Novak. Cheam View (49° 121 ° S.W.). Company office, 410 May- Valley Granite fair Avenue, Chilliwack; plant, Cheam View. K. Jessiman, Products Limitedt general manager. The quarry and plant are on the west side of the Trans-Canada Highway about 10 miles west of Hope. The plant consists of a crusher, drier, screens, and bagging machinery. A crew of four men produced several thousand tons of granite products. Production in 1964 is reported to be about 10 per cent below that of 1963. The principal market is for sand-blasting, filler, concrete mix, chicken grit, and stucco dash. Company office, 5498 Fraser Street, Vancouver 15. W. E. Inland Quarries Chandler, president; R. W. Hamilton, quarry superintendent. Ltd.t Two men, employed for a period of eight months at the Sned don Hill quarry (49° 122° S.W.) 3V_ miles northeast of Pitt Meadows, produced 350 tons of granite dimension stone, of which 245 tons was shipped to the Vancouver plant. Pitt River (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, North Foot Ocean Cement of Columbia Street, Vancouver 4. N. D. MacRitchie, man- Limited (Gilley ager, Aggregates Division; Francis J. MacDonald, quarry Quarry)^ superintendent. The quarry is on the west bank of the Pitt River immediately south of its confluence with Munro Creek. During a 2 Vi-month operating period, a crew of 16 men produced 32,500 tons of quartz diorite. Granite Falls Quarries Ltd.i—Granite Falls (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 630 Taylor Street, Vancouver 3. D. Milavsky, manager. During a period of two weeks a crew of three men shipped 1,000 tons of granite riprap. CEMENT Ocean Cement Limited (B.C. Cement Division).§—Bamberton (48° 123° N.W.). Head office, North Foot of Columbia Street, Vancouver 4. W. F. Foster, president; B. M. Brabant, executive vice-president; R. E. Haskins, vice-president * By D. Smith. t By A. R. C. James. % By J. E. Merrett. § By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 183 in charge of production. During 1964 this company operated its cement plant at partial capacity. Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd.*—Lulu Island (49° 123° S.E.). This company operated its cement plant at partial capacity during 1964. CLAY AND SHALE Mountain Minerals Limited.t—Canal Flats (50° 116° S.W.). This company quarried and shipped 1,226 tons of shale during a period of three weeks in April, 1964. There were three men employed. (49° 122° S.E.) Head office, 1690 West Broadway, Van- Clayburn-Harbison couver 9; plants, Kilgard and Abbotsford. R. M. Hunger- Ltd.t ford, president; G. H. Peterson, general manager; Brian Stephens, mine superintendent. Two plants are operated by this company—one at Kilgard where sewer-pipe and flue-linings are manufactured, and the other at Abbotsford where face and refractory bricks are made. Clay was produced from one underground and two open-pit operations. Eight men employed underground at the Kilgard fireclay mine produced 19,094 tons of clay; three men employed at the Kilgard No. 9 pit, on the mountain above the fireclay portal, produced 23,537 tons of clay; and three men working in the Selby pit, 2V_ miles east of Abbotsford, produced 15,280 tons of clay. Richmix Clays Limited.t—Kilgard (49° 122° S.E.). Office and plant, 2890 Ken Avenue, Vancouver 12; quarry, Kilgard. G. W. Richmond, manager. The quarry is immediately south of the new fireclay portal of Clayburn-Harbison Ltd. One man quarried and trucked 8,026 tons of fireclay to the Vancouver plant. Haney Brick and Tile Limited.t—Haney (49° 122° S.W.). Company office and plant, Haney. E. G. Baynes, president; J. Hadgkiss, managing director. Two men were employed removing clay from a pit and surface scraping area adjacent to the plant, which is on the north bank of the Fraser River at Haney. Twenty- four men were employed in the plant, which produced 9,238 tons of clay products. This included building-brick, agricultural tile, structural tile, and flower pots. Ganges (48° 123° N.E.). This wholly owned subsidiary of Holdfast Pozzolan Holdfast Natural Resources Ltd. owns a shale pit and roast- Limited, t ing plant at Long Harbour on the northeast coast of Salt- spring Island. In 1964 a mining contractor quarried 11,000 tons of shale, most of which was roasted to produce pozzolan clinker. The number of men employed varied according to the work being done, but at one time was 17. Mainland Clay Products Limited.*—Barnet (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, Angus Drive, Vancouver 14; plant, Barnet. This company, a subsidiary of Pit- kethley Brothers Limited, manufactured common and face brick from clay obtained adjacent to the plant and imported from Kilgard. Fairey & Company Limited.*—Vancouver (49° 123° S.E.). L. T. Fairey, manager. This company produced a variety of fireclay bricks, shapes, and cements from local and imported raw materials. • By J. W. McCammon. t By D. R. Morgan. % By J. E. Merrett. 184 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 British Columbia Lightweight Aggregates Ltd.*—Saturna Island (48° 123° N.E.). This company operated a shale expanding plant to produce lightweight aggregate at Lyall Harbour on Saturna Island. DIATOMITE Fairey & Company Limited.*—Quesnel (53° 122° S.E.). Company office and plant, 661 Taylor Street, Vancouver 3. L. T. Fairey, president. Approximately 1,100 tons of diatomite was quarried from Lot 6182 near Quesnel and shipped to the company processing plant in Vancouver. DOLOMITE Crawford Creek (49° 116° N.W.). Head office, 1316 Cen- International tre Street North, Calgary, Alta. Late in 1963 this company Marble & Stone opened a new quarry on a dolomite exposure 1 V_ miles north- Company Limited* east of Crawford Bay Post Office. The quarry is beside the road near the centre of the west side of S.L. 40. It is 0.4 mile south of the quarry formerly operated by the same company on the south bank of Crawford Creek. The rock quarried is medium-grained white dolomite marble of the Lower Cambrian Badshot Formation. In the quarry, visible impurities consist of scattered crystals and small lenses of various metamorphic minerals, chiefly tremolite and diopside. Brown staining is present on the weathered surface and on fracture surfaces. Fractures are numerous and occur in various orientations at 6-inch to 4-foot spacings. In the immediate vicinity of the quarry no rock other than dolomite is visible and bedding is not well displayed. A vague foliation that may represent bedding strikes 10 degrees east of north and dips 26 degrees west. Elsewhere the dip of this same dolomite band is much steeper. At the quarry-site overburden is light. It has been stripped off for 250 feet east from the road. No further outcrops were seen for one-quarter mile to the east, but almost continuous dolomite exposures were found for 400 feet north and 400 feet south of the quarry. At the end of July the quarry was 42 feet wide, 100 feet long, and had a face 30 feet high. A sample consisting of chips taken at random from the muck pile in the quarry had the following percentage composition: Insol.=2.14; R2O3=0.77; CaO= 30.26; MgO=20.17; HaO (105° C)=0.04; Fe2O3=0.92; MnO=0.021; P205 =0.012; Ig. loss=46.37; S=0.01. The dolomite is hauled by truck to a crushing plant at Sirdar, 40 miles to the south. At the plant it is crushed and sized to make granules and bird grits. In 1964 a crew of four men produced 3,263 tons of dolomite. GYPSUM Windermere (50° 115° S.W.). Company office, 2650 Western Gypsum Lakeshore Highway, Clarkson, Ont.; quarry office, Athal- Products Limitedt mer. Nigel W. Puttock, president; A. E. Portman, superintendent. This company operates a large gypsum property on the north side of Windermere Creek, 8 miles east of Windermere. The property was formerly owned and operated by the Columbia Gypsum Company but was purchased by the present company in 1957. The claims worked are the Blue Grouse * By J. W. McCammon. t By D. R. Morgan. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 185 Domtar Construction Materials Limited* and Blue Grouse 2. A detailed description of the property has been given in past Annual Reports. Most of the 1964 production was mined from the No. 2 quarry that was opened in 1958, and the remainder from the No. 3 quarry, which was prepared for production and opened in the fall of 1964. The gypsum is over 100 feet thick. It is mined in 15-foot lifts, using AN/FO explosives, and is trucked 11 miles by private road to a crushing plant adjacent to the Kootenay Central Railway, near Wilmer. The total production in 1964 was 208,626 tons, of which 175,581 tons was crushed, treated, and shipped by rail, and the remainder placed on stockpile near the crushing plant. Most of the work is done by contract, and the rock is hauled in tandem trucks capable of carrying 50 tons. Two-way radios were installed on all the trucks in 1964 to enable the drivers to communicate with each other and a central office at the crushing plant. The area around the plant and 7 miles of the quarry road were asphalted in the spring of 1964 to facilitate the hauling. The average number of employees was 17. Canal Flats (50° 116° S.W.). Head office, Box 506, Sta. F, Toronto 5, Ont. This company owns a gypsum property near the confluence of Roam Creek and Lussier River, 16 miles southeast of Canal Flats. It can be reached by means of an old logging-road leading from the No. 95 highway, 2 miles north of Skookumchuk. The deposit was drilled in 1962. A minor amount of stripping was done by bulldozer during three weeks in the summer of 1964. There were two men employed, and the work was under the direction of A. C. Ogilvey, geologist, Toronto. KYANITE Creston (49° 116° S.W.). In September, 1963, Ralph Mike, Mike 1, Maddess and Clair Gallagher, of Creston, located two claims Mike 2, etct on a showing of kyanite 7 miles northwest of Creston. In January, 1964, Mr. Maddess located seven more claims surrounding the original two claims. The claims are just west of the south end of Leach Lake, adjacent to and north of the Creston-Salmo highway at the Summit Creek bridge. The kyanite is in a rock series that consists chiefly of micaceous quartzite and mica schist with minor small pods and lenses of pegmatite. This has been mapped as part of the late Precambrian Aldridge Formation. Kyanite occurs as concentrated patches in some of the pegmatite and disseminated in some bands of schist. The pegmatite is in irregular discontinuous masses that range from 1 foot thick by 3 feet long to 5 feet thick by 30 feet long, most being nearer the smaller size. Normally the lenses consist of quartz and muscovite, but some contain scattered patches of kyanite. The kyanite forms large, clean, blue, bladed crystals in clumps as much as 6 or 8 inches in diameter. In the most concentrated area seen, across a distance of 70 feet, there were six lenses of pegmatite with an aggregate width of 12 feet. Three of the lenses contained kyanite. Associated with the pegmatite are a few scattered 6-inch to 2-foot thick zones of mica schist that contain dirty disseminated kyanite crystals ranging in size from minute needles to individuals 2 inches long and one-half inch wide. No development work had been done on the claims when they were examined, but natural exposures are good over large parts of the ground. The best showing seen where pegmatite and kyanite were most abundant was an area roughly 250 * By D. R. Morgan. t By J. W. McCammon. 186 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 feet wide and 350 feet long in a northeasterly direction, at 2,650 feet elevation immediately northeast of the power-line which services the microwave station on the adjoining mountain. Little pegmatite or kyanite was seen elsewhere. LIMESTONE Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). Head office, 7583 Edmonds Fraser Valley Street, Burnaby 3. W. T. Mairs, manager. The quarry and Lime Supplies* crushing plant are on the east side of the Trans-Canada Highway, adjoining the southernmost tip of Indian Reserve No. 1, three-quarters of a mile east of Popkum station on the Canadian National Railway. The crushing and screening plant was operated partly with stone from the quarry and partly with stone trucked in from other sources. Production from the quarry is declining due to increasing depth of overburden, and in 1964 was 1,814 tons. A total of 2,876 tons of stone was trucked in, making a total of 4,690 tons put through the plant. The products are sold for agricultural use and as industrial filler. A crew of seven men was employed from January to April; from then to the end of the year only four men were employed. Beale Quarries Division (Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd.).t— Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Head office, 1051 Main Street, Vancouver 4; quarry office, Vananda. W. D. Webster, quarry superintendent. Open-pit bench mining methods were used to produce 625,000 tons of limerock, of which 437,000 tons was crushed and 500,500 tons shipped. A crew of 20 men was employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). British Columbia office, 471, Ideal Cement 1155 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; quarry office, Van- Company Limited t anda. W. S. Beale, manager, Rock Products Division; J. K. Johnson, superintendent. Bench mining methods using vertically drilled holes produced 375,000 tons of limestone at the quarry on Lot 25, 2 miles south of Vananda. The broken rock was trucked to the crushing, screening, and washing plant at Marble Bay, where 350,000 tons of limestone was crushed and shipped. A crew of 21 men was employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Office, 7309*4 East Marginal Imperial Limestone Way, Seattle, Wash. 98108; quarry office, Vananda. James Company Limitedt H. Jack, general manager; A. Diewert, quarry superintendent. This company operated a limestone quarry at the summit of a small hill 1 mile west of Spratt Bay on the northeast coast of Texada Island. Two crushing plants were operated—one at the Vananda dock where stucco dash and whiting were produced and the other and larger one at Spratt Bay where whiting and coarse limestone were produced. A crew of 12 men was employed and 58,495 tons of limestone was mined, of which 48,951 tons was crushed and shipped. Blubber Bay (49° 124° N.W.). British Columbia office, Domtar Chemicals 1105 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1; quarry office, Blub- Limited ber Bay. J. M. Greenaway, Blubber Bay plant manager. (Lime Division)! The quarry is approximately 2 miles south of Blubber Bay at the north end of Texada Island. Two Gardner-Denver air-trac drills drilling vertical holes were used to produce 755,000 tons of limerock. Blasting was done with 70 per cent Dynamex, 40 per cent Forcite, and Ammex II. * By A. R. C. James. t By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 187 A 1V_-cubic-yard-capacity Dominion K-450 shovel and a 3-cubic-yard-capacity Skooper shovel were used to load the fleet of six trucks. Three of the trucks were of 30-ton capacity and three of 27-ton capacity. Two crushing circuits were in use at the Blubber Bay plant. The primary crusher has a capacity of 300 tons per hour and was used to produce unsized material for cement manufacture. The other crushing circuit of 125-tons-per-hour capacity was used to produce sized limerock. The dock installation provides facilities for the loading of 11,000-ton barges at the rate of 1,000 tons per hour. In 1964, 693,000 tons of limestone was crushed and shipped. A crew of 44 persons was employed. Koeye River (51° 127° N.W.). Company office, Bella Koeye River Bella; quarry office, Koeye River. A. O. Widsten, manager. (Koeye Limestone White limestone is quarried by benching methods from the (1962) Ltd.)* west pit of two adjacent quarries on the north side of the mouth of Koeye River on Fitz Hugh Sound, 6 miles south of Namu. A crew of four men produced 12,627 tons of limerock, which was shipped to the Crown Zellerbach Canada Limited paper-mill at Ocean Falls. Ocean Cement Limited (B.C. Cement Division).t—Cobble Hill (48° 123° N.W.). This company quarried the limestone required for its Bamberton cement plant from a quarry at Cobble Hill. MAGNESITE The Marysville Magnesite Belt (49° 115° N.W.)f Introduction In 1932 C. E. Cairnes, of the Geological Survey of Canada, announced the discovery of a deposit of crystalline magnesite in the area between Perry Creek and St. Mary River due south of Marysville, in southeastern British Columbia. Most of the ground containing the magnesite was acquired by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, which has retained ownership to the present. Nominal amounts of trenching and tunnelling have been done and small test shipments of magnesite have been mined, but no commercial production has been attempted at the deposit. The magnesite is in a band of sedimentary rocks that extends for 5V_ miles northeast from Perry Creek across a low hill to St. Mary River. Elevations range from 3,400 feet in Perry Creek, at the south end of the area, to 5,500 feet on the summit of the hill, and 2,900 feet at St. Mary River. The upper and western parts of the hill have been burned over. The remainder of the area has had its better timber removed but is still covered by a moderate growth of fir, larch, and jack pine. Much of the ground is heavily mantled by glacial drift so that large sections lack bedrock outcrops. A good road extends up Perry Creek from a turn-off on the west side of Highway No. 95 about one-quarter mile south of the St. Mary River bridge. Several logging-roads that branch from this road provide easy access to the southern part of the area. A main branch to the west off the Perry Creek road near its north end follows up the St. Mary River and provides connections with a network of old logging-roads in the northern part of the area. The Canadian Railway line runs parallel to Highway No. 95 through this region and provides several convenient sidings. * By J. E. Merrett. t By J. W. McCammon. 188 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The general geology of the area has been described by S. J. Schofield in 1915, H. M. A. Rice in 1937 and 1941, and G. B. Leech in 1957 and 1960. C. E. Cairnes published a description of the magnesite in 1932, and this was reprinted in the report by Rice in 1937. A report on and map of a small section of the magnesite zone was published in the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines for 1959. The work upon which this report is based was done in two short periods in the 1963 and 1964 field seasons. Geology was plotted on a map-sheet, scaled at 1,000 feet to the inch, specially prepared by the Topographic Division of the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the British Columbia Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources. Air photographs taken by the Provincial Government in 1960 were used in conjunction with the map. [References: Cairnes, C. E. Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1932, Pt. A 11, pp. 101-104; Leech, G. B., Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 15-1957, St. Mary Lake, British Columbia, and Map 11-1960, Fernie, West Half, British Columbia; Rice, H. M. A., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 207, Cranbrook Map-area, British Columbia, 1937, and Mem. 228, Nelson Map-area, East Half, British Columbia, 1941; Schofield, S. J., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 76, Geology of the Cranbrook Map-area, British Columbia, 1915; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1937, p. A 25; 1941, p. 78; 1947, p. 219; 1959, pp. 176-178; 1961, p. 150.] Petrology Exposed within the area are outcrops of the sedimentary Precambrian Creston, Kitchener, and Siyeh Formations, igneous Purcell flows and sills, and sedimentary Lower Cambrian Cranbrook and Eager Formations. Creston Formation.—The oldest rocks in the map-area are part of the Creston Formation. They form a small triangular section at the south end of the map-sheet. In the exposures examined the rocks consist of light- to dark-green and grey phyllitic siltstones, siltstones, and sericitic quartzites. The phyllitic siltstones are in V&- to Vi -inch-thick alternating dark and light beds. The quartzites occur in 4- to 18-inch-thick beds, often interlayered with thin siltstone beds. The mineralogical composition of all thin-sections examined was very similar, the constituents being chiefly irregular-shaped quartz grains and sericite with some chlorite and occasional angular grains of plagioclase. The Creston rocks have a northerly strike and easterly dip. At the west edge of the area the average strike is north 10 degrees east and the dip ranges from 61 to 82 degrees east. On Perry Creek about 1,000 feet below the mouth of Lizbon Creek there is a sudden change of strike to about north 20 degrees west with lower dips. This change is probably due to a fault such as postulated in Figure 20. In all exposures where seen, axial plane cleavage and drag- folds indicate that the beds are right side up and on the east limb of a large anticline. A second well-developed cleavage, especially prominent in the phyllitic siltstones, has an average strike of north 15 degrees east and an average dip of 80 degrees west. These rocks are in fault contact with the Middle Cambrian Eager argillites to the north. No other contacts are present in the map-area. Kitchener Formation.—Rocks of the Kitchener Formation, next oldest after the Creston ones, are exposed along the western edge and form a small fault block at the north end of the mapped area. These rocks consist of argillites, calcareous argillites, and argillaceous dolomites. The rocks are dark grey to pale green and buff and weather buff to orange and light grey. The beds are generally thin, ranging from mere films of argillite to 2-inch or more thicknesses of carbonate. A striped appearance is common on many outcrops as a result of the combined effects of STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 189 alternation of light and dark layers and differential erosion of beds of varying durability. The strike of the bedding swings from north 50 degrees east in the southern part of the area to slightly west of north at the north end. Dips vary a little but are consistently to the northwest and west and average about 67 degrees. Cleavage and dragfolds indicate the beds are overturned and on the steep east limb of an anticline. Nowhere within the mapped area are the Kitchener and Creston beds in contact. Siyeh Formation.—Above the Kitchener Formation is a conformable sequence of argillaceous rocks that for this report is referred to as the Siyeh Formation, following the usage of Rice in his report on the Cranbrook Map-area. The rocks consist of fine-grained dark- and light-green or buff thin-bedded striped argillites and siltstones composed essentially of angular quartz grains in an abundant argillaceous- sericitic groundmass. The contact between the Siyeh and Kitchener Formations is gradational, and on the map it is drawn as nearly as possible at the top of the strati- graphically highest noticeably calcareous beds. Within the area the thickness of the Siyeh Formation ranges from 1,000 feet at the south to 1,800 feet in the central part. Cranbrook Formation.—The Cranbrook Formation consists chiefly of quartzites, but near the top includes interlayered carbonate beds wherein the magnesite occurs. The quartzites are medium- to coarse-grained white, pink, pale-green, or brownish rocks. Commonly the beds are thick and bedding is indiscernible, but in other places they are 2 to 4 feet thick, and in yet other places they are 2 to 4 inches thick with thin argillite partings. Cross-bedding is frequently present. For the most part the rocks consist of unclouded, fairly well-rounded quartz grains with variable, though never large, amounts of sericite. The thinner beds contain more impurities, including scattered plagioclase fragments. White quartz veins less than 2 inches wide cut the quartzites in some outcrops. The lower quartzites grade up into a sequence of thin alternating beds of medium-grained carbonate and quartzite. This is overlain by a thick bed of coarsegrained magnesite which, in turn, is overlain by a second sequence of thin interlayered quartzite and carbonate beds. No completely exposed section across the whole series from pure quartzite through the carbonate zone to the overlying Eager argillites was found, hence accurate measurements of thicknesses are not known. From the measurements that were made it appears that the lower interbedded sequence is between 120 and 150 feet thick, the magnesite band is from 40 to 55 feet thick, and the top interbedded zone is from 75 to 125 feet or more thick. In the lower interbedded rocks the carbonate seems to be predominantly magnesite. The beds average one-half inch to 2 inches thick but pinch and swell. At first glance they seem to be quite regular and continuous, but on closer examination it is found that any one band of quartz or magnesite does not persist many feet on strike before it is gradually replaced by the other mineral, although farther along on strike the first mineral may reappear. Across strike there are fairly sharp, though gradational, boundaries between magnesite and quartz bands. The quartz bands consist essentially of clear glassy quartz grains averaging slightly less than 1 millimetre in diameter, cemented by serpentine and what is now fine-grained magnesite in irregular masses that mould around and corrode the quartz grains and fill the interstices between them. Scarce calcite grains are also present. They appear to be remnants of grains partly replaced by magnesite. The magnesite bands consist of 1- to 3-millimetre grains of recrystallized magnesite with scattered, corroded remnants of quartz grains enclosed within and between the magnesite crystals. All grains show undulous extinction in thin-sections. Scattered through the thin magnesite bands are dark rectangular, circular, and oval shapes, up to 1 milli- 190 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 metre in maximum diameter, that consist of parallel or radial rows of black dots. These may represent some form of microfossil. None of the shapes were recognized in the quartz bands nor in the massive magnesite or top interlayered bands. The main magnesite band is composed of recrystallized magnesite in interlocked grains as long as 15 millimetres. Remnants of partially replaced quartz grains occur occasionally within some magnesite crystals. Some serpentine is present in patches and films between magnesite grains. The rock is pale buff to pearl grey or white on fresh surfaces and weathers brownish-buff. Here and there stringers and veinlets of white quartz cut the magnesite. Talc or serpentine are present on minor slip surfaces. The best magnesite is concentrated in one main band which can be traced discontinuously for most of the length of the map-area. In some exposures, one or more similar and parallel bands 2 to 10 feet thick are present. The interlayered series on top of the main magnesite band consists of beds of quartzite cemented with sericite and calcite alternating with bands of medium- grained, recrystallized, twinned calcite. In one outcrop near the centre of the area a few of the carbonate bands are composed of magnesite. The different bands pinch and swell along strike in the same way as those below the main magnesite band. Upwards in the series the carbonate content decreases rapidly and there is a transition into argillaceous quartzite. Where it was seen, the contact between the Cranbrook and Siyeh Formations was variable. In Lizbon Creek a tight fracture parallel to the beds separates typical striped Siyeh argillite from a narrow band of interbedded quartzite-argillite beds which grade within a few feet into thick-bedded quartzites. In a road cut on the upper logging-road up Antwerp Creek, argillites of the Siyeh Formation are overlain by a 10-foot-thick bed of grit containing scattered quartz pebbles and abundant magnetite grains. This bed, in turn, is overlain by massive white Cranbrook quartzites. On the hillside east of Antwerp Creek, Siyeh argillites are overlain by Cranbrook quartzites with a few interbeds of quartzite and argillite between them. Near the crest of the hill east of Antwerp Creek, a 3-foot-thick bed of conglomerate containing angular light and dark argillite pebbles in a sandy matrix lies along the contact. In all cases the beds on either side of the contact appear to be parallel or nearly so, thus the contact would seem to be disconformable. At the north end of the area several hundred feet of the lower part of the quartzite is not accounted for. It is thought this has been eliminated by a fault as indicated on the map. Eager Formation.—The youngest consolidated rocks in the area, those of the Eager formation, are basically argillaceous but do include some thin-bedded, schisty brown quartzites and a few thin beds of dolomite. The argillites are light- to dark- green and black almost slaty rocks that form XA- to V_-inch-thick beds. A well- developed flow cleavage nearly parallel to the bedding causes outcrops to spall off in thin platy fragments. The flat faces of the fragments typically have a crinkled appearance caused by the intersection of a closely spaced fracture cleavage with the planes of flow cleavage. No actual contact between the Cranbrook and Eager Formations was observed, although in several places the rocks outcrop within a few feet of each other. In all cases the attitudes on both sides of the contact are the same. Variations in the uppermost beds of the Cranbrook rocks nearest the contact, however, indicate the presence of some type of unconformity and perhaps some faulting. In Lizbon Creek the entire carbonate section of the Cranbrook Formation is missing. This could be due to non-deposition or it might be due to a northeasterly trending fault. Again, at the north end of the area the interbedded zone between the magnesite and Eager argillites is much thinner than elsewhere. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 191 Igneous Rocks.—Four sheets of dark-grey to green igneous rock are exposed in short segments along the magnesite zone. Two of these are near the west limit of the area in the Kitchener rocks. They are composed of coarse-grained granular rock of dioritic composition. Their attitudes are partly conformable with the sediments but are also partly transgressive to them. They are probably best classed as sills. The other two igneous bodies form thin layers in the Siyeh Formation. The uppermost layer, about 150 feet below the top of the formation, is amygdaloidal in its upper part. Both bodies are conformable with the sedimentary rocks where seen in contact with them and so are most likely flows. Structure Except in the fault blocks at the south and north ends, the rocks of the map- area form part of the steep overturned east limb of a north-trending anticline that is overturned to the northeast. The southern fault block is part of the upright east limb of a normal north-trending anticline, probably part of the same fold but from a less disturbed lower level. The beds in the north end fault block are nearly vertical in some outcrops and highly contorted multi-directionally in others. It is not known where they fit into the fold pattern. The presence of many faults in the area is indicated by stratigraphic relationships. No fault surfaces were seen, however, so direct evidence of relative movements on the faults was not obtained. Fault No. 1 (see Fig. 21) is probably a steep north-dipping normal fault of considerable vertical displacement. Faults Nos. 2 and 3 are probably steep southwest-dipping normal faults of relatively small displacement. All of the faults labelled No. 4 appear to represent strike-slip movement in which the north walls have moved east a short distance relative to the south walls. Although not seen, a vertical strike-slip fault on which the west wall moved north relative to the east wall must be located as shown for fault No. 5. This movement must have post-dated that on the No. 4 fault. No. 6 is a strike-slip fault on which the north side moved east relative to the south side. It post-dates fault No. 5. No conclusive evidence was found to indicate what type of movement took place on fault No. 7. A strong regional cleavage is present in most of the fine-grained rocks in the area. It strikes nearly parallel to the bedding but has a consistent steep dip to the west. In addition to this, an older, axial plane cleavage is prominent in many outcrops. Jointing is common and is particularly well developed in the Cranbrook quartzites. It is generally nearly vertical and perpendicular to the bedding. Mine Development The magnesite has had a small amount of exploration work done on it, and a few hundred tons has been quarried for experimental purposes. At location No. 1 (Fig. 20) Harbour National Resources did some trenching and drilled a few short diamond-drill holes. This work is described in the Annual Report for 1959, pages 176 to 178. The surface work exposed a band of coarsegrained magnesite between 25 and 40 feet thick for 700 feet along a northeasterly strike. The band dips between 68 and 72 degrees northwest. No magnesite has been quarried from the openings. Three samples taken from the best exposures in the trenches were analysed, and the results are shown in the table that follows as samples 1a, Ib, and lc. In 1961 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company excavated nine trenches at intervals over 1,800 feet along the strike of the rocks at location No. 2. Magnesite 192 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT. 1964 Figure 21. Probable fault movements. Marysville magnesite. was uncovered in only two of the trenches. In the south trench a magnesite mound 30 feet high, 200 feet long, and 50 feet wide was uncovered. No wallrock is exposed on the west side; interbedded limy quartzites and quartzites lie along the east side. The rocks strike north 30 degrees east, dip 60 degrees northwest, and are overturned. In the second cut, 250 feet northeast of the one just described, a 40-foot width of crystalline magnesite with 130 feet of thin interbeds of quartzite and magnesite on the west is exposed. No east wall is visible. Sample No. 2 in the table consisted of chips gathered at 1-foot intervals along the trench across the 40-foot band of magnesite in the second cut. This area is 10.1 miles by road from Highway No. 95 at the St. Mary River bridge. At location No. 3 a crosscut adit has been driven 22 feet on a south 65 degrees east bearing into a magnesite bluff. Here the coarse-grained magnesite is 40 feet thick and has interbedded quartzite-carbonate zones on both walls. The rocks strike north 35 degrees east, dip 74 degrees northwest, and are overturned. Con- STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 193 tinuous natural exposures of the magnesite band extend on strike for 200 feet to the southwest and for 400 feet to the northeast. Sample 3 consisted of chips collected at 1-foot intervals along the wall of the adit. Another crosscut adit in the magnesite is located at site No. 4. This adit has been driven on a bearing of south 85 degrees west for 70 feet into a low bluff. The magnesite band is about 50 feet thick and has quartzite-carbonate interbeds parallel to it on the west. No east contact is visible. The rocks strike north 25 degrees east, dip 70 degrees northwest, and are overturned. Natural exposures of magnesite extend on strike for 60 feet to the southwest and intermittently for 900 feet to the northeast. Sample 4 consisted of chips collected at 1-foot intervals along the wall of the adit. Location No. 5 is the site of a small quarry from which the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company mined 3,000 tons of magnesite for experimental purposes in 1941. The quarry is 33 feet wide across the strike and 125 feet long on the strike of the magnesite band. The magnesite is about 50 feet thick with interbedded quartzite-carbonate on both walls. The rocks strike north 14 degrees east, dip 60 degrees west, and are overturned. Natural exposures continue for 350 feet to the northeast but are cut off by a sharp gully to the southwest. Sample No. 5 consisted of chips taken at 1-foot intervals from across the face of the quarry. The quarry is 7.7 miles by road to Highway No. 95 at the St. Mary River bridge. Analyses of Samples of Magnesite from the Marysville Magnesite Belt Sample No. MgO CaO co2 Si02 Fe (Total) AI2O3 U 45.13 39.03 45.35 39.58 44.26 32.05 41.90 43.70 44.80 0.80 9.27 0.70 0.48 0.45 1.14 0.71 0.79 0.73 45.92 46.92 48.00 43.64 50.36 35.56 42.80 48.00 48.30 5.42 3.52 4.40 7.38 2.17 26.71 3.98 4.54 4.40 0.89 0.66 0.67 1.20 0.90 1.62 1.25 2.401 1.441 IB lc 2 4.48 3 4 5 - Tr. 2.00 2.38 6 0.40 7 0.66 1 Fe2 O3. Samples 6 and 7 from report by Cairnes (see reference). Upper Perry Creek (49° 116° S.E.)* A deposit of magnesite in a geological setting similar to that of the Marysville one occurs on the ridge between Hellroaring and Kamma Creek, 2V_ miles north 70 degrees west from Richmond Lake, at the head of Perry Creek. This was discovered and owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, before the magnesite was reported at Marysville. It was mentioned by C. E. Cairnes in 1932 and noted by H. M. A. Rice in 1941. A good road extends for 23 miles up Perry Creek from Highway No. 95 at the St. Mary River bridge. The magnesite is about 4 miles by trail from and 2,300 feet above the end of the road. The old trail to the property is now largely overgrown and difficult to locate but can be found by climbing northwest up the hillside from the road end for about 600 feet vertically. Where examined, the magnesite is in the floor and north wall of an irregular cirque. It forms a bed from 10 to 20 feet thick that is underlain by white quartzite and overlain by green thin-bedded siliceous argillite. The rocks are folded into a tight north-trending and north-plunging syncline. The east limb is vertical; the By J. W. McCammon. 194 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 west limb is steep near the floor of the cirque, but flattens to a 40-degree east dip at the top of the cirque wall. Considerable shearing has taken place nearly parallel to the fold axis. Magnesite is exposed for 430 feet along a north 20 degrees east strike in the centre of the cirque floor and then is missing for 380 feet to the foot of the cirque wall, where it reappears and can be traced up the wall to the ridge-top a distance of about 700 feet horizontally and 400 feet vertically. A small open cut has been excavated in the east limb of the magnesite at the base of the outcrop in the cirque wall. The west limb of the fold is not exposed here, but it must be very close. The cut is 10 feet wide across the strike of the rocks, 5 feet long, and has a 10-foot high face. The magnesite in the cut is badly sheared and fractured and contains abundant quartz in pods and veinlets. It is very coarse grained, pearly grey to buff in colour, and weathers brown. A sample of chips from across the 10-foot-wide face of the cut had the following percentage composition: MgO=40.47; CaO=0.78; Fe (total) =2.07; Si02=5.97; A1203 =3.98; C02 =44.02. A sample that Cairnes had analysed had the following percentage composition: MgO=42.09; CaO=1.79; Fe203-fAl203=5.11; Si02 =5.92; Insol.=2.39. [References: Cairnes, C. E., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1932, Pt. A II, p. 103; Rice, H. M. A., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 228, Nelson Map-area, East Half, British Columbia, 1941, pp. 29, 57.] The Brisco Magnesite Area (50° 116° N.E.)* Introduction Barite has been produced from the area west of Brisco since 1945. In June, 1959, mining interest in the region increased when J. A. Brown, of Calgary, recorded three claims on a magnesite discovery. In August, 1960, more claims were recorded on magnesite by John and Gordon Hart, of Brisco. Later several additional small deposits of the mineral were found. The A. P. Green Fire Brick Company Limited optioned the two original claim groups and did some diamond drilling and trenching on them in 1961 and 1962. There has been no commercial magnesite production yet. Brisco is a small community beside the Columbia River in the Rocky Mountain Trench, 48 miles south of Golden. Provincial Highway No. 95 and the Canadian Pacific Railway branch line from Crowsnest Pass to Golden both pass through the village. Reconnaissance geological reports accompanied by maps that cover this area sketchily were published by J. F. Walker in 1925 and C. S. Evans in 1932. A preliminary geological map by J. E. Reesor in 1957 also included the region. Brief reports on two of the magnesite deposits were published in the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines and Petroleum Resources for 1962. The barite has been mentioned in several Annual Reports since 1945, particularly in 1952 and 1958. This account is based on work carried out during one-month periods in each of the 1963 and 1964 field seasons. An area 4 miles wide and 6 miles long was mapped geologically. It is bounded along the northeast by the Columbia River, on the north by Bugaboo Creek, and on the south by Dunbar Creek. Geology was plotted on a map-sheet scaled at 1,000 feet to the inch, specially prepared by the Topographic Division of the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the British Columbia Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources. Air photographs taken by the Provincial Government in 1960 were used in conjunction with the map. * By J. W. McCammon. LEGEND L^B J Magnesite &%0$$<H Beaverfoot-Brisco formation: dolomite Wonah formation: quartzite McKay group: limestone, dolomite, shale Horsethief Creek group: shale, sandstone, conglomerate Toby for motion: conglomerate Mount Nelson formation: grey dolomite Quartzite Light grey siliceous dolomite Red-brown " egg " dolomite Brown weathering"bulls-eye"dolomite ^A-'' Strike and dip of beds ^A"^ Strike and dip of cleavage '/ /.-Outcrop boundary w\aaa/\j Fault B Barite showing Adit Fig ure 22 BRISCO MAGNESITE AREA Scale 1000 STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 195 [References: Evans, C. S., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1932, Pt. AII, pp. 106-176; Reesor, J. E., Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 12-1957, Lardeau, British Columbia, 1957; Walker, J. F., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1925, Pt. A, pp. 222-229; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1945, p. 130; 1952, pp. 246-248; 1958, pp. 84-85; 1962, pp. 156-157.] General Nature of the Area The map-area is in the western part of the Rocky Mountain Trench in a hummocky, lake-pocked region between the ends of the intravalley ridges formed by Steamboat and Jubilee Mountains. The lowest part of the Trench at this latitude is 2,600 feet above sea level. It consists of a mile-wide flat through which the Columbia River meanders in several channels. On the west side, from the flat there is an abrupt rise to a hummocky bench with an average elevation of 3,200 feet. A steep northwest-trending fault scarp through the centre of the area separates this bench from a higher one to the southwest. The surface of the second bench is broken up by numerous hills and knolls. Its elevation ranges from 3,600 feet in the lower parts to over 4,500 feet on the peak of Red Mountain. Bedrock outcrops are absent in the bottom of the Trench, scarce on the first bench except in the valleys of Templeton River and Dunbar Creek, and fairly numerous but generally small on the higher parts of the upper bench. Glaciation has left the area mantled with drift. Crag-and-tail drumlins and striations indicate the last movement of the glaciers was toward the southeast. Some of the area is semi-open park-like country with well-spaced lodgepole pine or fir trees and little underbrush. Much of it has been burned over, however, and is now covered by a jungle of young pine or a tangle of old windfall. A good network of gravel roads built and maintained by loggers and fishermen provides easy access to all parts of the map-area. General Geology The exposed rocks are all sedimentary. They consist of Proterozoic dolomite, quartzite, conglomerate, and argillite, folded into a large anticline which is thrust up against a syncline of Palaeozoic dolomite, quartzite, and limestone. Many minor folds and numerous faults are associated with the major fold. The magnesite occurs in the Proterozoic dolomite. The main barite showings are in Palaeozoic dolomite, although small veins of it also are found in Proterozoic rocks. Proterozoic Rocks The Proterozoic rocks include the top part of the Upper Purcell Mount Nelson Formation and the Windermere Toby Formation and Horsethief Creek Group. Rocks thought to belong to the Mount Nelson Formation are shown on the accompanying map divided into five members. The oldest member, No. 1, consists of flesh to light-grey or cream-coloured, very fine-grained dolomite that typically has a sandy medium- to dark-brown weathered surface. The rock is thin bedded and breaks into sharp angled fragments. A distinctive feature of many, but not all, outcrops is the presence of circular " bull's-eyes " up to 10 inches in diameter that consist of concentric layerings 1 to 3 millimetres thick. These may be some form of stromatolite. Scattered quartz grains are present in all beds, and in a few places cherty zones have developed. One layer near the bottom is mainly chert and contains numerous 1- to 3-millimetre oval shapes that closely resemble certain fora- minifera. Near faults this member becomes light cream in colour, coarse grained, and frequently altered to magnesite in irregular masses. No lower contact was seen, and all nearby rocks in the direction of the base belong to much younger formations. 196 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Member No. 2 consists of very fine-grained dark reddish-brown argillaceous dolomite that weathers lighter reddish-brown. Normally it contains irregularly scattered ellipsoidal cream-coloured spots that range from one thirty-second of an inch to 2 inches in diameter. The ellipsoids tend to be slightly flattened parallel to the bedding and have their long axes parallel to the strike of the rocks. A strong foliation, probably a regional cleavage, is well developed in most outcrops. This causes the rock to break into thin platy pieces. The foliation is usually nearly parallel to the bedding but may have a different dip. Microscopically the rock is seen to consist of grains of dolomite, quartz, sericite, iron oxide, and unidentified fine-grained material. The only visible difference between the light spots and the dark groundmass is that iron oxide particles are scarce in the former and abundant in the latter. No explanation was found for the formation of these bleached " eggs." At one location in the south central part of the area, magnesite has developed in the rock. No contact between the dolomite and No. 1 member was seen. It is thought the contacts within the area are probably all faulted ones. Member No. 3 consists of fine-grained, siliceous, pale-grey to buff, or mottled dolomite that weathers to a rough light-grey or buckskin coloured surface. Silica is conspicuous as criss-crossing veinlets and irregular gobs of white quartz. This member appears to lie conformably on top of member No. 2. Member No. 4 consists of quartzite. Most of the rock is in thick pale-grey to white beds composed of fairly well-rounded clean quartz grains, one-quarter to one-half millimetre in diameter, with a few flakes of sericite cemented with quartz. Near the bottom of the member the beds are a few inches thick and quite brown, while near the top of the member they are argillaceous, thin and platy, and weather reddish. No good contact between members 3 and 4 was seen, but the beds appear to be conformable. Member No. 5, the top of the Mount Nelson Formation in this area, is a 250- foot-thick band of very fine-grained, siliceous, dark blue-grey dolomite that weathers to a rough light-grey surface. The rock is thin bedded and finely laminated. The laminae range from hairline to 1 millimetre thick and consist of layers of different shades of colour. Silica is present as lenses and discontinuous thin layers of dark chert parallel to the bedding, as angular quartz grains scattered through the dolomite, and as curved fine-grained chips and segments as large as an inch in diameter. The chips are restricted to a narrow zone at the top of the member. In this zone the laminae, when present, are contorted and display minor faulting and slump structures. Where continuous laminae are absent, the rock has the appearance of a breccia that originally had large spaces between fragments and the spaces became filled with concentric layers of dolomite in sheaf-like radial growths. Nothing similar was seen in any of the other dolomites. The bottom part of this dolomite is very similar to the rock of member No. 3, and in isolated outcrops the two cannot be distinguished with assurance. The most numerous and largest deposits of magnesite are in the No. 5 member. The contact between this member and the underlying quartzite is gradational over a few feet, within which are several interbeds of quartzite and dolomite. Next oldest after the Mount Nelson Formation is the Toby Formation. This consists mainly of conglomerate with a little argillite. The matrix of the conglomerate is dark-grey sandy argillite in which a strong foliation has developed. The pebbles are most commonly quartzite, but a few are dark-grey dolomite and some are chert. They range in diameter from half an inch to 10 inches. Some are well rounded, but others are angular with rounded corners. The pebbles are not abundant, and in some exposures much searching is required to find any of them. The main contact between the Toby and Mount Nelson rocks is in a brushy east- STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 197 west trending gully 20 feet deep and 50 feet wide across the top of Red Mountain. Mount Nelson dolomite forms the steep south wall of the gully. To the north is a covered zone 10 to 20 feet wide and then an exposure of 20 feet of thin-bedded sandy argillite that grades into typical conglomerate. As near as can be seen, the rocks on both sides of the gully have the same attitude, and neither dragfolding nor brecciation was found, but the gully indicates differential erosion along a weak zone, and it is thought that the contact is probably faulted here. Overlying the Toby Formation with apparent conformity is the Horsethief Creek Group. Included in the group are quartzites, grits, and conglomerates consisting of closely packed Va- to V_-inch quartz pebbles, shales, and a few thin limestone beds. These rocks are folded into several small anticlines and synclines nearly parallel to the main fold. Palaeozoic Rocks At the southeast corner of the map-area, in the lower parts of Templeton River and Dunbar Creek, the eastern half of a syncline composed of Palaeozoic rocks is exposed. The older rocks must be thrust up and to the northeast against these rocks along a fault, F3, about as indicated on the map. The oldest Palaeozoic rocks are mapped as part of the Cambrian-Ordovician McKay Group. They consist of 1- to 3-inch-thick beds of flesh to dark-grey limestone separated by films and paper-thin layers of black shale. The uppermost 250 feet of beds are dolomitic and contain thin lenses and occasional thin layers of dark chert. Micro- and macro-fossils are abundant in the limestone beds. Above the McKay rocks is a 130- to 200-foot-thick bed of white quartzite. It is composed of well-rounded clean quartz grains three- to eight-tenths of a millimetre in diameter cemented by quartz. This corresponds lithologically and stratigraphi- cally with quartzite mapped as Wonah Formation on the east side of the Trench. Although other mappers have stated that no Wonah Formation is found in this area, for the present report the quartzite is considered Wonah Formation. Overlying the quartzite is light- to dark-grey dolomite that weathers to a light- grey powdery surface. This is considered to be part of the Ordovician-Silurian Beaverfoot-Brisco Formation. Structure The Proterozoic rocks have been folded into a large northwest-plunging anticline with its axial plane striking a little north of west and dipping steeply to the southwest. The anticline has been thrust northeastward to override part of its own northeast limb and also the west limb of the adjoining syncline of Palaeozoic rocks. Several smaller folds lie southwest of the large fold and parallel to it. Much faulting accompanied the deformation of the rocks. However, except in the canyons of Templeton River and Dunbar Creek, no fault surfaces are exposed. Where visible, the faults consist of sheared zones several feet wide that do not give much positive indication of the directions of movements. Most of the faults shown on the map and their relative movements are inferred from stratigraphic relationships. At least four of the faults, FI, F2, F3, and F4, must be thrusts and appear to be nearly vertical at the surface. Faults F2 and F3 probably also had right-hand lateral movement. Most of the rest of the faults are best interpreted as normal ones, although some such as F5 also show apparent right-hand lateral movement. The rocks are badly sheared and disturbed in Dunbar canyon at the point where faults FI and F3 should intersect. Outcrops are too small and scarce to show clearly what has happened there. It would appear that the Palaeozoic block to the northeast has been pushed clockwise around this point, which acted as a 198 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 hinge. Fault F2 or a similar one probably extends southeastward across the northeast front of Steamboat Mountain. A regional cleavage that strikes northwest and is vertical or dips steeply to the southwest is well developed in the argillaceous members of the Horsethief Creek Group, in the matrix of the Toby conglomerate, and in parts of the No. 2 and No. 4 members of the Mount Nelson rocks. Magnesite Patches of magnesite occur scattered widely throughout the area underlain by Mount Nelson dolomites. The largest and most numerous deposits are at the top of the uppermost or No. 5 member. No good explanation for the origin of these occurrences was found. The magnesite is coarse grained or occasionally porphyritic. It shows definite replacement characteristics, boundaries being quite distinct but gradational over a narrow zone. Most deposits are adjacent to faults, but usually appear to be older than the faults. Probably the magnesite formed early in the tectonic history of the region by the replacement of dolomite as a result of some reaction associated with movement of the Toby conglomerate over the top of the Mount Nelson Formation during folding. At outcrop Ml magnesite forms a 40- to 90-foot-thick zone 1,200 feet long at the top of the Mount Nelson No. 5 member. At each end magnesite grades on strike into cherty light-grey weathering dolomite. At the contact coarse-grained magnesite appears to replace dolomite. Underlying the magnesite is fine-grained dolomite with irregular V_- to 2-inch-thick layers of dark chert. No rock was seen in contact on top of the magnesite. The next stratigraphically higher outcrops consist of lower thin-bedded argillites of Toby Formation; these are separated from the magnesite by a 10- to 20-foot covered area in the bottom of a narrow ravine. Most of the magnesite is in 1-centimetre-long crystals that are pearl grey when fresh but buff when weathered. In some places, crystals 1 centimetre long are scattered through a groundmass of grains one-half millimetre long and the rock has a marked porphyritic appearance. Considerable silica is present in the form of scattered remnants of partly replaced quartz grains and cherty patches. A sample composed of chips collected at 3-foot intervals across 90 feet of exposed magnesite at the east end of the showing had the chemical composition shown as Ml in the accompanying table. The magnesite at M2 forms an apparently thin dip-slope surface layer 200 feet long and 200 feet wide across the end of a low hillock. It overlies fine-grained dolomite of the top Mount Nelson member, in which are abundant curved siliceous chips. The magnesite shows features which indicate it has replaced dolomite. A sample consisting of chips collected at random from the surface of the exposure had the composition shown under M2 in the table. Locality M3 is the site of the Whitehorse 1 to 6 mineral claims on the original magnesite discovery in this part of the area. The deposit consists of a central main mass and six smaller ones, two in a downfaulted block to the northeast, and four in a downfaulted block to the southwest. The main mass is exposed in a right-angled triangular shape 1,400 feet long on the hypotenuse and 600 feet wide at the widest spot. If forms the trough of a syncline that plunges northwestward. Diamond drilling has shown it to be 50 to 100 feet thick, and it is underlain by fine-grained cherty dolomite. The magnesite is light- to pearl-grey rock that weathers to a rough rusty-brown surface. Most is coarse grained with crystals ranging from 2 to 12 millimetres long. The chief visible impurities are quartz, in scattered veinlets and grains, and talc in minute shears. A sample consisting of chips picked up at random from the surface of the main exposure had the composition shown as M3a in the STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 199 table. A grab sample from the centre outcrop in the gully southwest of the main showing had the analyisis shown as M3b in the table. At M4 medium- to coarse-grained magensite is exposed as a dip-slope layer 10 to 20 feet thick, 600 feet long, and 100 feet wide on the western side of a low ridge. It overlies fine-grained dolomite typical of the top member of the Mount Nelson Formation. A chip sample cut across a 10-foot stratigraphic thickness of the outcrop had the analysis shown as M4 in the table. The first recorded magnesite discovery in the area was made on the Jab 1 to 3 claims at site M5. Here the magnesite forms a bare isolated 50-foot-high knoll 400 feet long and 100 to 170 feet wide. Most of the knoll consists of medium- to coarse-grained structureless pale-grey to white rock. However, at the southeast corner thin layers of magnesite separated by slickensided films of talc and serpentine suggest bedding. This layering indicates the outcrop to be on the west limb of a small anticline with its axial plane oriented northwest. Patches of coarse white dolomite, films of talc, discontinuous stringers of quartz and chalcedony, and scattered crystals and small lenses of pyrite make up the megascopically visible impurities. No rock was found in contact with the magnesite. Dolomite outcrops 200 feet to the east and 100 feet to the west. A sample of chips collected at random over the top of the knoll had the composition shown as M5 in the table. Three other small isolated patches of magnesite believed to be at the top of the No. 5 member are also shown on the accompanying map. All are too small to be of potential economic interest. At M6 dolomite of the No. 2 member of the Mount Nelson Formation is altered to impure magnesite. This magnesite contains considerable calcite and quartz. It is fine grained and very white. The exposure is 100 feet wide and 400 feet long on strike. In the table, the analysis shown as M6 is for a hand specimen of rock from this showing. In the bottom member of the Mount Nelson Formation, alteration to magnesite was found in six places, all along or close to known faults. At M7 a near vertical, northwest-striking fault surface forms the cliff face in high dolomite bluffs. For distances of as much as 100 feet northeast of the fault the dolomite has been altered to coarse-grained magnesite. The northeast boundary of the magnesite is very irregular. At M8 the entire hill is at least partially altered, but irregular patches are completely changed to magnesite. Hand specimens from the two localities had the compositions shown in the table as samples M7 and M8. Two small showings of similar alteration are exposed on the west side of the hill three-quarters of a mile west of M7 and two more are on the hillside 1 mile northwest of M7. A limited amount of exploration work was done on the magnesite deposits at M3 and M5 by the A. P. Green Fire Brick Company Limited in 1961 and 1962. At M3 about 28 diamond-drill holes between 50 and 200 feet long were drilled and several bulk samples were collected for testing. At M5 several holes were diamond drilled, some trenches were dug with a bulldozer, and bulk samples were collected. A analyses of Magnesite Samples from Brisco Area Sample MgO CaO co2 Si02 Fe (Total) Ml - 39.50 42.79 43.34 44.85 38.20 44.02 35.97 41.41 42.28 0.76 1.04 0.51 0.73 7.89 0.47 8.57 2.84 2.67 43.40 46.72 47.60 49.20 47.74 43.82 46.02 47.48 48.28 14.72 6.48 5.54 3.47 4.51 8.99 8.69 3.97 3.22 0.88 M2 M3a M3b 0.87 1.02 0.95 M4 M5 — 1.00 0.99 M6 - M7 - 0.12 2.07 M8 1.03 200 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Barite Mountain Minerals Limited, of Lethbridge, Alta., has mined barite from a deposit near the mouth of Templeton River since 1945. The deposit is on five Crown-granted mineral claims located by the Hart brothers in 1943 and 1945 and acquired from them by the company in May, 1945. On the property, barite is found in a north-striking breccia zone in dolomite thought to be part of the Ordovician-Silurian Beaverfoot-Brisco Formation. The deposit is in the east limb of a syncline which is cut by numerous faults of varying magnitude. The main orebody, shown at Bl on the map, averages 25 feet wide and is 800 feet long. The rock in both walls is brecciated dolomite and the ore itself is brecciated. Much of the barite is white, but the white sections are irregularly shaped and usually edged or cut by zones that have a fine-grained black matrix enclosing angular white barite fragments a fraction of an inch to several inches long. The black coloration is due to finely disseminated carbon. Some pyrite is present and causes yellow and brown staining in parts of the exposure. The barite pinches out to the south and is cut off by a right-hand fault at the north end. A short segment of the offset portion of the ore can be found in Templeton canyon, but it is lost in overburden on the north bank. The deposit has been mined out to the economic limit of surface excavation by a five-bench quarry with a vertical range of 130 feet between the floor of the lowest bench at the north end and the top of the face of the highest bench at the south end. An adit has been driven under the quarry 60 feet below the lowest floor from a portal on the edge of Templeton River. In 1963 barite was mined from stopes between the adit and the quarry floor. There was no production in 1964. A second quarry at B2 was worked from 1960 to 1962 in a small orebody 1,800 feet south of the main workings. The quarry is about 25 feet deep, nearly 200 feet long, and 100 feet wide at the face. In this deposit the barite is very irregular and badly faulted. The barite at the other four locations shown on the map in this region is in very small quantities as matrix in dolomite breccia. A few 1- to 2-inch-thick veins of white barite are exposed in the No. 2 member of the Mount Nelson dolomite in the road cut just south of the V Creek crossing 2 miles southwest of the main quarry. No other barite was noticed in Mount Nelson rocks. An analysis of a chip sample of barite from the main quarry showed the following precentage composition: BaO=63.90; SOs=34.35; CaO=0.08; Fe (total) =0.02; CO2=0.03. The specific gravity was 4.389. Because of the black colour the barite cannot be used where whiteness is required, but it is satisfactory where only weight is important. First production from the quarry was made in 1945. To the end of 1964 the total reported production was 108,580 tons. MARL Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). Office, 13 Fletcher Street South, Cheam Marl Chilliwack. P. C. Woodward, general manager. This prop- Produetst erty consists of a lake deposit of marl ranging up to 10 feet thick. The deposit is post-glacial and accumulated on the * By J. W. McCammon. t By A. R.C.James. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 201 bed of Cheam Lake, which was drained some years ago. The marl and topsoil are excavated by two small draglines and sold for agricultural purposes. The material is either trucked wet to the consumer or stockpiled on a drainage pad. Production in 1964 was 25,408 tons of marl. Of this total, 3,650 tons was exported to the United States to customers in Skagit and Whatcom counties. A total of 9,943 cubic yards of topsoil was sold. A crew of three men was employed at the property. SAND AND GRAVEL Data on sand and gravel production are presented on the following pages. The abbreviations used in the table for the types of sand and gravel produced are as follows: AA=asphalt aggregate; SA=sized aggregate; WS=washed and sized aggregate; RP=run-of-pit material; AP=asphalt paving mix; RM=ready-mix concrete. r 202 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 S s ^M^rt^f s ■o g "g I _s 1 1 .3 g .9 - I ill _ a _ _ i ft u 1 _ 60 _ - l l 1 _ c 9 «*_ .a M ii fe 3 o u ^ & to »"9 bo 8 bfl CO _ c g .5 e g t ■8 *o & *3 *B "H 5 o 8 q o fc, J hj _-) J vj Uk a > A.0 2 31 Q si M 3 « is ! «■£ S '9 I a O _. us -"tl Is 2 3 ftO 0 *8 § iS z o 3 _ o u I ►A s a o S •o I JlO . _ | " 1 fills _, _ r:s 3 o 03 QBi_ , i •o ! •32"! < a s| P -_ a « O P g> __ 1 I 3* 9 _ 3 _ •"». o_ I I c hlo. I 6 S 2US a <*>-.- g8 62 rs z is _ _ .. o o S f i is V _ 5 _ i 1 M 2 S o IS tn fl uno E£"S 2 I o e_ .11 S £ f _ §8 ..u _ O o ■sly © 5* __ l' I s * ssl a i 11? ISM'S (Joo5» o _ rf _ _ "CO 3.CJ - O " o ^^ >55 O STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 203 O.tf s3g a»8! SP Oh " 1 I U _ a a a - __ «_ S^ I E lithi d. SB fi * « «!_ on a CO 4> ™ gt~. IB Pii O C3 12-3 u _ _ •a _1 ■3 is .-< M CS .-H .9 C ll _ 5 O O « 1/5 _ > .9 S to _ _ ft ft 95 M _ s s .2 a & 5 «2o „ < d tfS 03 >-> _ "O >_ a> •s *a rh 11 ■ _a« '■a ii cfl a o & I 2 I I gill! c 5 _ o o — S I a 5 u •3 O 2 S _ a I C CO 6< 9 « 8 ° f « •3 9 C 3 E a in - ' -I „! ll ft _ _■ S s §5 tH _ O t«H 0 B o *_ co O g o a ° US'" o > u So S 204 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 OS r-i r^ -•£11 ^ . II S-^C- Ph C, pL, Ph Ph _U 0-r Oh 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 9 S _ « >. ll >> ii o r- w ■* ta o o 5 £ . ? o II £ •a Ti ,a „ a§ a a ia ■d I | HH ^ (S _ a d o ? _ 2 •g s « "_ I 11 s _ * .2 _H - 9 R _fjj 2*H e? a & +J _ 9 S3 a a K x " 3 ■ i. ■a V- *c X t ■o a c c C T t_ t X •a ai^c E c c E a i T OJ aj _> 0 a c £ « £ c 5 C 5 g C c c c c c c c & IX Ii tf |x tf tf tf Ll U, A i _ I 9 O STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 205 r1 Tt Si >> fN w $ II Os 2 II *3 < at TJ 1 a a % •ai-l >S< fi •3 c4 S3 |j << ll P mai c_ i Ph < ■a 1 § GO a „ £ ^ I .9 » _ rt .5 ..So ■S " h _ 6_ _a a o .E —' &- w rt S Jsl re e o a U, U, U O ■ > *3 cd 03 H 52 4 u 0 a _ 0 o -a 3 « ■a to e tH | 3 S&l III 8_ r tB«N o . _ pi ft 1/1 rH __ G o "Pi ll _* o _ _ _ i** o 1 ° 9 _ & EJ 9 C 2,gS ! & __> o . 3 op a £ ft* a g 1 III ■sso 5 3 Z & till' « o u S •_ o tt 3„ ll IP a. ? _ 2 isat £>A- _ c 111 .88 _ < a « B_ I I d | 0 25 a _ Hi \0 W T Po o «^.^^TBo ^ (S cn -^- in \0 > r > 206 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 SILICA Grohman Creek (49° 117° N.E.). In 1963 H. E. Steven- Crystal Group* son and J. O. Grady, of Nelson, located 14 claims on a quartz deposit on the northwest slope of Mount Nelson. In February, 1964, they located two more adjoining claims. The 16 claims were combined into the Crystal group in August, 1964, and turned over to Monzoon Industries Ltd. The quartz is at 5,500 feet elevation on the Grohman Creek side of Mount Nelson, 3 miles northwest of Nelson City. Access is by boat to the mouth of Grohman Creek, then by jeep for 5 miles up the old Grohman Creek logging-road to the forks at Baldface Creek, and thence by 2V_ miles of rough tractor-road to the property. The showings are on the flat burned-over shoulder of the mountain. Although overburden probably averages not more than a foot or two deep, clean exposures of bedrock are small and discontinuous. Bare quartz patches a few feet in diameter occur scattered at 5- to 20-foot intervals over an area 300 to 400 feet long by 100 to 150 feet wide, the length oriented a little north of west. The highest exposure is approximately 65 feet above the lowest. At the northwest limit the quartz appears to lens out into coarse-grained perthite. Similar feldspar is uncovered in a gully just off the southeast end of the showing. On the edge of another gully along the southwest side the quartz is iron stained and shattered, indicating that it probably is limited in that direction by a fault trending north 70 degrees west down the gully. About 400 feet northeast of the main showing more quartz occurs in intermittent patches scattered over an area 250 feet long and 90 feet wide. A sharp gully trending north 20 degrees west, probably the site of a fault, separates the two quartz bodies, so it is possible they are offset segments of one original mass. The surrounding country rock is light-grey to white granite. The quartz is apparently the core, surrounded by feldspar, of a pegmatite lens in the granite. Two samples consisting of chips collected at random over the surfaces of the two quartz bodies were analysed. No. 1 was from the main showing and No. 2 was from the other. They had the following percentage compositions:— Si02 AI2O3 Fe (Total) CaO No. 1 No. 2 98.64 98.84 0.89 0.42 0.02 0.04 Tr. 0.06 No development work had been done on the ground when it was examined. Later in the season the tractor-road was completed to the outcrop site, and about 2,000 feet of stripping is reported to have been done with a bulldozer. The stripping revealed the quartz outcrops to be discontinuous and the possible tonnage of silica available too small for commercial mining. (49° 117° N.E.) Ren Silica Limited is a private company Winlaw (Ren headed by Garnet Norris, of Winlaw. The company owns a Silica Limited)t crushing and screening plant at Winlaw and operates a silica quarry on the east side of the north fork of Winlaw (Cedar) Creek, 2Va miles upstream from the forks. The road from the quarry to Winlaw was improved to permit heavy-duty trucks to haul quarried silica from the pit to the crusher, a distance of 5V_ miles. * By J. W. McCammon and P. E. Olson. t By P. E. Olson. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 207 The silica was found to be stained by greenish vegetable matter, and thus considerable hand sorting was required. About 400 tons of stucco chips was produced and sold during 1964. (49° 119° s<w.) Pacific Silica Limited. Registered office, Oliver Silica 717 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1; quarry office, Box 39, Quarry* Oliver. I. A. Hunter, manager. The Oliver silica quarry is is on the Gypo mineral claim, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, and operated under lease by Pacific Silica Limited. The claim is less than one-quarter of a mile west of Highway No. 97, 1 mile north of Oliver. Estimated production for 1964 was 49,315 tons, and shipments made were 9,315 tons sacked and 40,000 tons in bulk. Thirty-one persons were employed. Valemount (52° 119° N.E.). Company office, 736 Gran- Alba Sands Ltd.t ville Street, Vancouver 2. D. S. Bigelow, president. This company holds a lease on a deposit of silica sand about 1 mile west of Valemount. During 1964 a spur rail line was constructed from Vale- mount and additional equipment was installed in the washing plant. The material produced was sold mainly for sand-blasting. Three men were employed under the supervision of George Rhodes. Brisco (50° 116° N.E.). Company office, P.O. Box 700, Mountain 529 Sixth Street South, Lethbridge, Alta.; quarry office, Minerals Limited $ Brisco. R. A. Thrall, managing director; William McPher- son, superintendent. In 1964 this company opened up a new silica quarry 100 feet east of Highway No. 95 at a point 1.5 miles north of Brisco Post Office. The rock quarried is a hard medium- to fine-grained white quartzite mapped as part of the Ordovician Wonah Formation. The quartzite forms a bed 200 to 300 feet thick that strikes northwest and dips steeply northeast. It is overlain by dolomite. No underlying rock is exposed near the quarry. Good exposures of the quartzite extend for 1,500 feet along strike parallel to the highway. To the north the rock plunges under overburden, and 200 to 300 feet south of the quarry it ends in a steep bluff with no further outcrops visible for a considerable distance on strike. Joints of irregular spacing and various orientations are numerous, and some faults about parallel to the bedding are indicated. Staining along fractures gives the quarry face a rusty coloration, but analyses are reported to show an iron content of only 0.7 to 0.8 per cent. One sample consisting of pieces picked at random from the muck pile in the quarry had the following percentage composition: Si02=98.66; Al2O3=0.47; Fe2O3=0.06; CaO=0.08. At the end of July the quarry had a diameter of approximately 50 feet and a face 30 to 40 feet high. During 1964 about 2,700 tons of silica was quarried and truck-hauled 2V_ miles to a loading-ramp at Brisco. The work was done under contract by three men. TALC Placer Creek (49° 116° S.W.). In May, 1964, R. Emel View 1, 2, 3§ and R. Maddess, of Creston, located three claims on a talc deposit one-quarter mile north of the Creston-Salmo high- * By D. Smith. t By W. C. Robinson. j By J. W. McCammon and D. R. Morgan. § By J. W. McCammon. 208 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 way on the west side of Placer Creek, 20 miles west of Creston. The main talc showing is near the top of a cleared area where stripping had uncovered bedrock during the operation of a large gravel pit used when the highway was built. Talc is also exposed in the bed of Placer Creek some 200 yards northeast of the gravel pit. No development work had been done on the talc when it was examined. The rocks on the claims consist of an interbedded series of late Precambrian schists, sandy limestones, dolomites, quartzites, argillites, and amphibolites. They strike northeast and dip steeply northwest. The main talc seam appears to have formed along a shear zone by the partial alteration of a 20-foot-thick dolomite bed. Along the footwall is a 1-foot-thick zone of brown earthy material which lies upon a band of hard amphibolite. On the hangingwall is another zone of loose brown material apparently derived from the disintegration of an overlying band of thin- banded siliceous dolomite. The talc is poorly exposed along strike for 75 feet, with a further isolated patch 10 feet in diameter about 150 feet to the southwest. The rock in the zone consists of white talc enclosing numerous variably sized remnant lenses of white and grey fine-grained dolomite. A thin-section showed talc to be replacing dolomite. Toward the edges of the zone the talc is buff coloured. In Placer Creek a 10-foot-thick zone of buff to yellow talc is exposed. This is approximately on strike from the talc in the gravel pit. Petroleum and Natural Gas CONTENTS Page General Administration 210 General Review 212 Field Office 213 Field Work 213 Geological Section 214 Geological Laboratories 214 Core and Well Samples 214 Core and Sample Examination 214 Exploration 215 Reservoir Section 216 Maximum Permissible Rates 216 Absolute Open-flow Potential Tests and Production Rate Limits 216 Pressure Maintenance 217 Gas-Oil Ratio Adjustment Factors 217 Reserves .. 217 Development Section 218 Drilling 218 Production 221 Pipe-lines 223 Gas-gathering System 223 Gas-transmission System 224 Gas-distribution System 224 Oil-gathering System 224 Oil-transmission System 224 Gas-processing Plants 224 Oil Refineries 224 Sulphur Plant 224 Well Records 224 Reports 227 Publications 230 Tables— Table 1.—Geophysical Exploration, 1964 231 Table 2.—Surface Geological Exploration, 1964 234 Table 3.—Exploratory Test-holes Drilled, 1964 234 Table 4.—Oil-field Reservoir Data at December 31, 1964 235 Table 5.—Gas-field Reservoir Data at December 31, 1964 236 Table 6.—Proved Reserves of Crude Oil and Established Reserves of Natural Gas and Natural-gas Products, December 31, 1964 238 Table 7.—Authorized Maximum Permissible Rates to December 31, 1964 239 Table 8.—Authorized Absolute Open-flow Potential Tests and Production Rate Limits to December 31, 1964 248 Table 9.—Wells Drilled and Drilling, 1964 256 Table 10.—Oil and Gas Fields Designated as of December 31, 1964 260 10 209 Tables—Continued page Table 11.—Number of Producing and Producible Wells at December 31,1964 264 Table 12.—Monthly Crude-oil Production by Fields and Pools, 1964 267 Table 13.—Monthly Natural-gas Production by Fields and Pools, 1964___ 268 Table 14.—Summary of Drilling and Production Statistics, 1964 271 Table 15.—Monthly Crude-oil Disposition, 1964 272 Table 16.—Monthly Natural-gas Disposition, 1964 273 Table 17.—Monthly Natural-gas Liquids and Sulphur Disposition, 1964 275 Table 18.—Monthly Value of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Natural-gas Liquids, and Sulphur to Producer, 1964 277 Table 19.—Natural-gas Pipe-lines, 1964 278 Table 20.—Gas-processing Plants, 1964 280 Table 21.—Sulphur Plants, 1964 280 Table 22.—Crude-oil Pipe-lines, 1964 281 Table 23.—Crude-oil Refineries, 1964 282 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Administration of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act in the Department is divided between a General Administrative Section and the Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch. The former, under the direction of the Chief Commissioner, is responsible for the administration of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, which includes all matters related to and affecting title to Crown petroleum and natural- gas rights. The regulations governing geophysical operations are also administered by the Chief Commissioner. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch, under the direction of the Chief of the Branch, is responsible for administration of the " Regulations Governing the Drilling of Wells and the Production and Conservation of Oil and Natural Gas," made pursuant to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act. The regulations specify the conditions which must be employed for efficiency and safe practice in the drilling, completion, and abandonment of wells; for well spacing; prevention of waste; conservation; and all related matters. As at December 31, 1964, 34,727,862 acres, or approximately 54,262 square miles, of Crown petroleum and natural-gas rights, issued under the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, were held in good standing by operators ranging in stature from small independent companies to major international ones. The form of title held, total number issued, and acreage in each case were as follows:— Form of Title Number Acreage Permits 302 22,417,836 Natural-gas licences 1 9,669 Drilling reservations 19 451,998 Leases (all types) 3,716 11,848,359 Total 34,727,862 Details of land disposition for the years 1947 to 1960, inclusive, may be found on page A 61 of the 1960 Annual Report. Figures for 1961, 1962, and 1963 will be found in the Annual Reports for those years. The northeastern corner of the Province continued to be the area of major interest in the acquisition of title to petroleum and natural gas as well as the PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 211 development and production of those substances. Interest in the Groundhog Basin and Flathead River areas lagged during 1964, but exploration permits covering offshore petroleum and natural-gas rights referred to in the Annual Report for 1963 were maintained and explored by seismic work during the workable season of 1964. The question of jurisdiction of offshore mineral rights—that is, whether the Provincial or the Federal Government rightfully had jurisdiction in law—was not resolved as had been anticipated, and it is not now known when the problem will be adjudicated. The companies which were interested in oil and gas production possibilities in subsea lands continued to maintain title obtained from both agencies over such lands. During 1964, land disposition was changed by the following transactions:— Form of Title Issued Terminated Decrease (—) or Increase ( + ) Permits.. Natural-gas licences Drilling reservations Leases— Petroleum and natural gas Natural gas_ Petroleum.. No. 27 462 No. 74 2 19 146 No. —47 -2 — 10 + 316 +8 Petroleum and natural-gas revenue for the year 1964 was as follows:— Rentals and fees— Permits $1,302,305 Drilling reservations 64,800 Natural-gas licences Petroleum, natural-gas, and petroleum and natural-gas leases 7,077,488 Total rentals and fees Sale of Crown reserves— Permits Drilling reservations Leases $721,193 1,541,685 10,830,994 $8,444,593 Total Crown reserve sales Royalties— Gas $1,583,292 Oil 3,502,222 Processed products 104,990 Total royalties Miscellaneous fees 13,093,872 5,190,504 26,851 Total petroleum and natural-gas revenues $26,755,820 Details of yearly revenue, 1947 to 1962, inclusive, are tabled on page 168 of the Annual Report for 1962. For 1963 figures see the Annual Report for that year. 212 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Cumulative totals, April 1, 1947, to December 31, 1964, are as follows:— Rentals and fees— Permits $37,186,076 Drilling reservations 590,777 Natural-gas licences 63,788 Petroleum, natural-gas, and petroleum and natural-gas leases 28,225,210 Total rentals and fees $66,065,851 Sales of Crown reserves— Permits $ 16,346,744 Drilling reservations 12,491,302 Leases 35,605,257 Total Crown reserve sales 64,443,303 Royalties— Gas $7,379,248 Oil 10,566,265 Processed products 656,336 Total royalties 18,601,849 Miscellaneous fees 191,257 Total petroleum and natural-gas revenues $149,302,260 GENERAL REVIEW During 1964 there was a significant decrease in exploration for petroleum and natural gas in British Columbia compared with 1963. Drilling activity also decreased as the footage drilled was 25 per cent less. Oil production was reduced by 8 per cent, mainly due to the introduction of more pressure-maintenance schemes, and gas production increased by 10 per cent. The decline in exploration of over 60 per cent included a 56-per-cent decrease in geophysical operations, a 58-per-cent decrease in geological operations, and an 86-per-cent decrease in structure test-hole drilling. During 1964, 188 geophysical crew weeks, 82 geological party weeks, and 5 test-holes were completed, compared to 431 crew weeks, 194 party weeks, and 36 test-holes completed in 1963. The significant decrease in this initial phase of the petroleum industry was also reflected in other activities. Footage drilled at development wells remained at about the same level, being 385,676 feet, compared with 376,298 feet drilled in 1963, but the footage drilled at exploratory wells was down 30 per cent at outpost locations and 53 per cent at wildcat locations. The lack of exploratory work is further indicated by a 47-per-cent decrease in the number of completed gas wells and a 27- per-cent decrease in the number of abandonments. Over 50 per cent of the wells completed for oil production during 1964 were located in the Nancy area, where a concentrated development was made of a newly discovered oil pool. This activity resulted in a 45-per-cent increase in the number of oil wells completed compared with 1963. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 213 Production statistics for 1964 indicate a continued increase in the gas production and a slight reduction in the oil production. Gas liquids and sulphur production, which are directly related to the processing of gas, snowed proportionate increases. With the installation of a gas-conservation plant in the Boundary Lake area, greater efficiency was attained in the disposition of produced gas. Gas produced in association with the oil production was previously flared in this area, but now it is gathered and delivered to the main pipe-line system. Three pressure-maintenance schemes were effected in 1964. While the immediate effect of these schemes is to reduce oil production, the end result is for greater recovery of the petroleum resource. Because of the introduction of these new schemes, the reserves of crude oil recorded at the end of 1964 showed an increase of over 65 per cent above those at the end of 1963. The reserves of gas were reduced by 7 per cent in the same period due to the increased production and the lack of exploratory drilling. Reserves of the various by-products of natural gas were changed by a complete review of the submitted gas analyses. The reserves of natural-gas liquids increased 10 per cent, while the reserves of sulphur decreased 6 per cent. The near completion of the extension of the gas pipe-line system to Fort Nelson is expected to increase drilling activity in that area and eventually the gas production. FIELD OFFICE Field Work The field administration of the " Regulations Governing the Drilling of Wells and the Production and Conservation of Oil and Natural Gas " and the compilation of field data necessary for engineering and geological studies is accomplished by a permanent field office at Charlie Lake and a temporary office at Fort Nelson. A trailer office is used in various fields and areas in the Province during extended surveys or field work. The oil- and gas-producing areas were extended during 1964, and this resulted in an increase in the number and types of field engineering studies. In order that more complete studies were possible, an electronic sonic well recorder was purchased to determine fluid levels in producing wells. Fluid levels were determined in 20 wells. The sonic recorder was received November 3, 1964, at the field office. Bottom hole pressure surveys were made in 118 wells, using a specially equipped truck and pressure bombs provided by the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources. Results of the pressure surveys are used by Departmental personnel in engineering studies and as a check on pressure data submitted to the Department by companies. The Department has four bombs used to determine pressure and two bombs used to determine temperature for Departmental surveys. A 10,000-pounds-per-square-inch Coleman tester and a Coleman temperature bath serve as standards for bottom hole pressure and temperature bombs in use in the Province. Services are provided free of charge for owners of bombs at Charlie Lake laboratory for routine and special pressure calibrations, routine and special temperature calibrations, and for combination temperature-pressure calibrations. A total of 132 bombs was calibrated during 1964. Inspections of 544 lease and abandonment locations were made during 1964. There were 190 " fast check " and 227 " complete check " inspections made of meters which measure the gas production. During 1964, 100 battery inspections were completed and 150 drilling rigs were inspected in the field office area. Fifty- 214 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 four absolute open-flow tests were witnessed on potential and producing gas wells by Branch personnel. To complete these inspections, a total distance of 98,451 miles was driven by the field office staff. GEOLOGICAL SECTION Staff geologists directed their studies to the oil- and gas-producing strata of northeastern British Columbia, where drilling provided much new data. The main source of information for the subsurface studies was geophysical well logs, drilled rock cuttings, and core. The majority of these studies were completed in Victoria. However, during the summer of 1964 staff geologists examined core and samples at the Branch geological laboratory at Charlie Lake and two staff geologists studied outcrops of Middle Devonian strata in the Redfern Lake area of northeastern British Columbia and on the shore of Great Slave Lake from Pine Point to Moraine Point. Geological Laboratories Core and Well Samples All cores from British Columbia wells must be preserved in labelled boxes having an inside length not greater than 30 inches and must be delivered to the geological laboratory for permanent storage. During 1964, 1,340 boxes of core from 104 wells were received at the laboratory. At the end of 1964, 20,759 boxes from 1,048 wells were stored. Unless otherwise directed, any operator who drills a well for petroleum or natural gas is required to take a sample of drilled rock (bit cuttings) at least every 10 feet of depth. Each sample, consisting of several ounces of rock fragments, is placed in a small bag at the well, labelled, and submitted to the geological laboratory, where it is washed and bottled. Each 10-foot sample is divided, resulting in three complete sets of samples for each well. One set is retained at the laboratory library, one is sent to headquarters at Victoria, and the other to the Geological Survey of Canada in Calgary. The remainder of the 10-foot sample from the original sample-bag is retained at the laboratory for a period not exceeding one year, should further samples be required. The main sample-examination facilities are at Charlie Lake, with limited facilities available at Victoria. The Charlie Lake sample library and the Geological Survey of Canada sample library in Calgary each has a set of samples from wells drilled in British Columbia since 1948; the Victoria sample library has samples from wells drilled since September, 1957. At the end of 1964 the Charlie Lake sample library contained 413,553 samples and the Victoria library contained 406,406 samples. During 1964 samples were received at the laboratory from 146 wells. This represented over 600,000 feet of drilling, mainly in northeastern British Columbia. A total of 238,270 10-foot samples was washed and bottled in 1964. Core and Sample Examination A nominal fee is charged for the use of the core- and sample-examination facilities provided by the Department. In 1964, 6,787 boxes of core from 322 wells were studied by oil company personnel and other interested individuals. Approximately 1,050 boxes of core from significant wells were examined by Department geologists. Cores from 31 wells were temporarily removed from the laboratory by the operators for reanalyses PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 215 or other studies. Samples from 39 wells were studied, using the laboratory facilities at Charlie Lake. Since the core- and sample-examination laboratory at Charlie Lake was made available to the public in February, 1961, 31,742 boxes of core from 1,602 wells have been removed from the racks for examination. Exploration Twenty-five oil and gas companies did seismic work in northeastern British Columbia in 1964. Two of these companies also had crews in the Fernie area; one of them operated a marine seismic survey from April 10th to September 24th off the west coast of Vancouver Island in Queen Charlotte Sound and in Hecate Strait, on the continental shelf and slope. This offshore geophysics featured a conventional marine seismic crew with a shore-based survey system to locate the reflection and refraction marine seismic lines. Sea-floor samples were collected by this company in the areas of offshore study. In northeastern British Columbia 300 seismic crew weeks were completed (Table 1). Aeromagnetic work was done by one company in northeastern British Columbia (Table 1). At least six companies had surface geological parties in the field in northeastern British Columbia (Table 2). One of these companies also did surface geology in the Fernie area. Two companies drilled nine test-holes in northeastern British Columbia in 1964 (Table 3). Twenty-six exploratory wildcat wells were drilled in 1964; in addition, two were suspended and three were still drilling at the year's end. All but one well was drilled in northeastern British Columbia; this well, located in the Fraser Valley near Chilliwack, was suspended in October. Exploratory drilling was concentrated in the developing areas of Devonian gas accumulations in the general Fort Nelson area and the oil-bearing sandstones near the depositional edge of the Triassic Halfway Formation. Twenty-five per cent of the exploratory wildcat wells were successful in finding new hydrocarbon accumulations. Twenty-eight wells, classified as exploratory outpost, were drilled adjacent to known oil and gas accumulations during 1964; 75 per cent of these wells were successfully completed. There was a decrease in the number of new discoveries made during 1964 as compared with 1963. Eleven new discoveries were made, including four oil and seven gas accumulations. Five of these discoveries were made in relatively untested areas by exploratory wildcat wells, and the remainder were located close to known trends by exploratory outpost drilling. A significant oil discovery in the Triassic Halfway Formation just west of the Peejay field was made by Pacific SR CanDel Nancy d-85-H/94-A-15. Triassic Halfway oil was also found immediately west of the Wildmint field in the well Pacific SR CanDel Ptarmigan d-90-I/94-A-15. Union HB BA Ladyfern d-48-H/94-H-l discovered oil in the Lower Cretaceous Bluesky Formation 20 miles east of the Milligan Creek field, adjacent to the Alberta boundary. A development well, Uno Tex et al Stoddart 10-31-85-19, drilled at the south end of the Stoddart field discovered oil in the hitherto only gas-bearing Permian Belloy Formation. The developing trend of Middle Devonian Slave Point gas accumulations north of Fort Nelson was augmented by a discovery 30 miles northeast of the Kotcho Lake field in West Nat Cabin a-19-G/94-P-5. Exploratory outpost drilling increased the size of known accumulations at Yoyo, 6 miles southeast of the Kotcho Lake field, and at Tsea, 40 miles northwest of the Kotcho Lake field. 216 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Gas was discovered in the Permian Belloy Formation in IOE Pac Parkland 10-26-81-16, 2 miles west of the Parkland Devonian field. Triassic Halfway gas was found 3 miles west of the Laprise West gas field in Texaco Tepee d-99-G/94-G-8. Texaco NFA Redeye d-69-I/94-H-6 discovered gas in a Charlie Lake reservoir 22 miles northwest of the Beatton River oil field, which is approximately 85 miles north of Fort St. John. Gas was discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Dunlevy Formation in IOE Fina N Rigel d-57-I/94-A-10, 4 miles north of Rigel field production. Lower Cretaceous gas was also found in the well Gray Oil PRP NW Grizzly C-25-A/93-I-15, approximately 100 miles south of Fort St. John in the Rocky Mountain foothills. RESERVOIR SECTION Maximum Permissible Rates In 1964 the Reservoir Section established 43 maximum permissible rates for oil wells, of which 37 were initial rates, 2 were revisions of existing rates, and 4 were interim approvals granted pending further evaluation of reservoir data. One M.P.R. was cancelled. The maximum permissible rates at December 31, 1964, are shown in Table 7. Four applications for pool M.P.R.'s were received. Three were new applications, and one was an application for revision of an existing pool M.P.R. All were approved. A previous application approved in 1963 for a portion of the area applied for was extended to the full area, and to the full volume upon conclusion of a unit agreement. Dome Petroleum Limited applied for a project M.P.R. of 2,225 barrels per day for its Boundary Lake Project No. 1,* and for a project M.P.R. of 733 barrels per day for its Boundary Lake Project No. 2. Approval was granted on July 22nd. The approval of Project No. 1 was later amended to 2,343 barrels per day. Imperial Oil Limited applied for a unit M.P.R. of 18,488 barrels per day for Boundary Lake Unit No. 1. The unit M.P.R. was approved on June 2, 1964. Texaco Exploration Company applied for a unit M.P.R. of 9,754 barrels per day for Boundary Lake Unit No. 2. The application was approved on August 24th to be effective upon the first of the month following commencement of the water- injection scheme. The unit M.P.R. had not become effective at the end of 1964. Triad Oil Company applied to have the pool M.P.R. of the Halfway pool of the Beatton River field increased to 1,960 barrels per day from 1,940 barrels per day, and to have the well Triad et al Beatton d-41-K deleted from the pool M.P.R. The application was approved on September 1st. The pool M.P.R. of 2,018 barrels per day for the south portion of the Peejay field was increased on April 14th to 4,430 barrels per day upon inclusion of all producing wells in the field in a unit operation. Absolute Open-flow Potential Tests and Production Rate Limits The results of 256 absolute open-flow potential tests of gas wells were processed and the corresponding production rate limits established in 1964. The absolute open-flow potentials and the production rate limits for all gas wells at December 31,1964, except those still held confidential are shown in Table 8. * Dome Petroleum's operation in the Boundary Lake field is called a " project" rather than a " unit" because Dome is sole owner. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 217 Pressure Maintenance The supplementing of the natural driving energy of oil pools by pressure maintenance was continued during 1964. Six applications were received and approved. Dome Petroleum Limited applied for approval to inject water into three wells in Dome Boundary Project No. 1 and into one well in Dome Boundary Project No. 2. Water for injection was obtained from the Gething Formation of the well Dome Boundary 6-11-86-14, and from a well drilled to obtain water from the Cadomin at the location 2-35-85-14W6. The application was approved on May 7th. Texaco Exploration Company applied on behalf of the working-interest owners in Boundary Lake Unit No. 2 for approval of a scheme of pressure maintenance by water injection on a nine-spot pattern into the Boundary Lake zone in the unit. The application was approved on July 22nd to become effective upon conclusion of the unit agreement. Triad Oil Co. Ltd. applied for approval of a pilot water-injection scheme for the Bluesky-Gething pool of the Beatton River West field. The application was approved on November 3rd. Union Oil Company of Canada Limited applied on behalf of itself and Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company Limited for approval of a scheme to return a portion of the gas produced from the Upper Halfway sand reservoir of the Wildmint field to the same reservoir for the purposes of conserving gas and reducing the produced gas-oil ratio to a net gas-oil ratio. The application was approved on April 30th. Union Oil Company of Canada Limited applied on behalf of itself, Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company Limited, and Richfield Oil Corporation for approval of a scheme of gas conservation by the return of approximately 5,000,000 cubic feet per day of gas produced from the Halfway sand of the Milligan Creek field to the same reservoir. The scheme was also approved on April 30th. Union Oil Company of Canada Limited applied for approval of a scheme to cycle gas-cap gas and high-pressure separator gas produced from the Gething (Aitken conglomerate) reservoir of the Aitken Creek field at a rate of approximately 10,000,000 cubic feet per day. The scheme was approved on August 24th. Gas-Oil Ratio Adjustment Factors The control over the gas-oil ratio of oil wells was continued during 1964, and B.C. Regulation 147/64 was established on July 28, 1964. This regulation replaces B.C. Regulation 122/63, and makes provision for more flexible control of gas-oil ratios by allowing for a reasonable degree of overproduction on a month-to-month basis to meet operating exigencies. It provides also for an adjustment of overproduction on an annual basis during the period of low summer demand. Reserves Proved recoverable reserves of oil increased during 1964, as a result of new discoveries and because of the increased potential for recovery of existing reserve- brought about by the establishment of pressure-maintenance schemes. Established reserves of gas at the end of 1964 were down slightly compared with 1963, partly as a result of production but mainly as a result of reappraisal of existing reserves. Discovery trends indicate that a rapid recovery will be made from the downward revision. A summary of the reserves of oil, gas, natural-gas liquids, and sulphur at the end of 1964, with explanatory notes, is given in Table 6. Oil and gas reservoir data as compiled at the end of 1964 is given in Tables 4 and 5. 218 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 DEVELOPMENT SECTION Drilling British Columbia's drilling activity was down 25 per cent in 1964, totalling 674,842 feet, compared with 898,720 feet drilled in 1963. Footage made at development locations was up slightly at 385,676 feet compared with 376,298 feet, but exploratory drilling was down by 233,256 feet or nearly 45 per cent to a total of 289,166 feet. Fewer drilling rigs worked in the Province than in 1963, but the number of different drilling contractors and operating oil companies remained virtually the same. Forty-three drilling rigs owned by 18 different contractors and employed by 43 oil companies were active during 1964. This compares with 55 drilling rigs, 18 drilling contractors, and 43 operating companies in 1963. The only drilling activity outside the northeastern corner of the Province was near Chilliwack, where 3,717 feet was drilled at an exploratory location. At the close of 1964 this well was suspended at 8,317 feet pending further drilling. Well completions decreased by 21 per cent compared with 1963. Oil-well completions increased by 45 per cent over 1963, but gas-well completions and abandonments were down by 47 and 27 per cent respectively. These statistics reflect the concentrated effort to drill out a newly discovered pool in the Nancy area. Twenty-three of the 45 oil wells completed during the year were in the Nancy area and six others were nearby, along the Triassic oil trend. Only 37 gas wells were completed during 1964, compared with 70 in 1963. Most of these wells were additions to known gas pools, as very few new gas pools were discovered. Probably the most significant gas discovery of 1964 was in the Monkman Pass area, some 70 miles south of the nearest completed gas well. Sixty locations resulted in abandonments, compared with 82 in 1963. The success ratio for wells in British Columbia remained very high at nearly 60 per cent. Four other wells were specifically drilled for use as service wells. The method of counting each zone of a multiple completion as a completed well was continued in 1964. There were 145 wells actually completed in 1964, of which one was a multiple gas well. At the end of 1964, 11 wells were actively drilling and 2 were suspended pending further drilling to their objective depth. Figure 23. Footage drilled in British Columbia wells, 1954-64. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 219 Wells drilled and drilling in 1964 are listed in Table 9. Monthly footages drilled since 1954 are given graphically in Figure 23, which shows the seasonal fluctuations throughout each year. Work-overs for the purposes of repair, abandonment, or increase of productivity were reported at 68 completed wells during 1964. Any operation which is performed on a well subsequent to rig release and which changes the producing interval or alters, or intends to alter, the producing characteristics of the well is considered a work-over. The producing interval of a well may be changed by perforating, cementing perforations, or by running casing or plugs. The producing characteristics of a well may be changed by any operation performed to increase the production of oil or gas. These operations include perforating, acidizing, fracturing, installing a pump, or changing a choke, but do not include the replacement of equipment. Designated fields were reviewed quarterly, and during 1964 three new fields were established and nine field boundaries were amended. The new fields were Bulrush, Jedney West, and Stoddart West. At the end of 1964 there were 45 designated fields, which are listed in Table 10, and their locations are shown in Figure 24. New fields are designated when one or more wells are on continuous production or three or more completed wells are located in contiguous spacing areas, provided that one year has elapsed since the rig release date of the discovery well for the field. The area taken into a newly designated field is based upon geological interpretation and generally consists of only full spacing areas. It is the primary responsibility of the Development Section to study for approval all submissions made relative to the drilling operations. Such approvals must be obtained prior to the commencement of drilling of a new well, changing a well name, abandoning a location, or any alteration proposed to change the physical characteristics of the well. In 1964, 146 drilling authorities were issued. This represents a decrease of 17 per cent as 175 were issued in 1963. Upon receipt of any application requiring approval by the Development Section, the proposed drilling programme, the title under which the petroleum and natural-gas rights are held, and the various geological requirements are reviewed. The survey of the well location, which is required with each application for a drilling authority, is computed to verify the stated position. Depending upon whether the objective of the well is oil or natural gas, a spacing area is assigned to each well. When participants share a spacing area, letters of agreement to drill a well must be submitted. When all these requirements are met, permission is granted to commence drilling and a drilling authority number is issued. Each well is classified according to its location relative to the completed wells. The classifications assigned are development, exploratory outpost, and exploratory wildcat. A development well may be defined as being in a location that is within a spacing area which is contiguous to a completed well. When a location is greater than 41/- miles from a completed well, it is called an exploratory wildcat location. Locations between wildcat and development wells are called exploratory outpost locations. For classification purposes a well is considered completed if it is either physically able to produce or is a potential producer still requiring completion work. Development wells may be further classified as deep-pool or shallow-pool tests, when undeveloped pools below or above the known pool are being explored. These classifications are used as the basis for the requirements of various reports submitted to the Branch. Any application that is received to alter the equipment in a well or the proposed programme for a well is handled in a similar manner. Details of the 220 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 124° 123° 122° 121 DISCOVERY WELLS-1964 A UNION HB BA LADYFERN d-48 H/94HI OIL B WEST NAT CABIN 0 19 6/94 P 5 GAS C TEXACO NFA REDEYE - 69I/94H6 GAS D IOE FINA N RIGEL d 571/94 AIO GAS E GRAY OIL PRP NW GRIZZLY c 25H/93115 GAS F PACIFIC SR CANDEL PTARMIGAN d 90I/94AI5 OIL G PACIFIC SR CANDEL NANCY d 85H/94AI5 OIL H TEXACO TEEPEE d 99 G/94 G 8 GAS 1 IOE PAC PARKLAND 10 26 81 16 GAS J BA HB W POCKETKNIFE d-33l/94G6 GAS K TEXACO NFA E OSBORN 6-33-8814 GAS L UNO-TEX etal STODDART 103! 85 19 OIL FIELDS & POOLS-DEC.31,1964 NO. FIELD PRODUCING HORIZON OIL GAS ? 3 _EATTON R.W 4 BEG Baldonnel Halfwav *i BEG WEST Baldonnel 7 BLUEBERRY Mississippian Dun levy Baldonnel Charlie Lake 8 BLUEBERRY EAST Baldonnel Halfway Mississippian 9 BLUEBERRY WEST Dun levy Baldonnel 10 BOUNDARY LAKE Boundary Lake Ho if way BIuesky-Gething Gething Dunlevy Baldonnel II BUBBLES Baldonnel 12 BUICK CREEK Dunlevy Charlie Lake 13 8UICK CREEK E. Bluesky-Gething 14 BUICK CREEK W. Dun levy Baldonnel Holfwav l*i BULRUSH - Halfway IB CHARLIE LAKE Gething |7 CLARKE LAKE Slave Point IH DAWSON CREEK Codolte 19 FORT ST JOHN Charlie Lake Cadomin Baldonnel Halfway 20 F.S.J AIRPORT Cadomin Baldonnel Halfway 21 FORT ST. JOHN S.E. Cadomin Baldonnel Halfway Bellov 22 GUNDY CREEK Baldonnel 23 HALFWAY Baldonnel Halfway 24 HIGHWAY Dunlevy Baldonnel Mississippi 25 JEDNEY Gething Baldonnel 26 JEDNEY WEST Baldonnel Halfway 27 KOBES-TOWNSEND Dunlevy Charlie Lake Halfway ?8 KOTCHO LAKE 30 LAPRISE CREEK LAPRISE CREEK W 31 MILLIGAN CREEK Halfway 32 MONTNEY Bluesky-Gethmg Charlie Lake M NIG CREEK 34 PARKLAND Wabomun .^ PEEJAY Haifwav ^ PEEJAY WEST Halfway Af PET1T0T RIVER Slave Point 38 RED CREEK Charlie Lake Halfwav *,H RIGEL Dunlevy 40 41 SNYDER CREEK Dunlevv STODDART Belloy AV STODDART WEST Bellov A ■•> SUNRISE 44 WILDMINT Halfwav 4_ WILLOW Slue sky-Gething Halfwoy OIL & GAS FIELDS OF NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA Figure 24. Petroleum and natural-gas fields, 1964. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 221 alteration are examined and given approval by the various sections of the Branch. Prior to the abandonment of wells, the operators must submit an abandonment programme to the field engineer for his approval, but all other alterations are studied by the staff at Victoria, where the official records are filed. The Development Section is also responsible for the issuance of rig licences. In 1964, 5 new rig licences were issued and 52 were renewed. At the time of approval of a drilling authority, the Development Section must examine the well name submitted. Instructions have been issued by the Branch for the naming of wells in British Columbia, and operators must conform to this system. Each well name is divided into three basic parts:— (1) The full or abbreviated name of the company or companies responsible for the well. (2) Reference to the general or specific area in which the well is located. This part of the name refers to the geographic area, a topographic feature, or to an established survey position such as a triangulation station. When a definite reference is not possible, some other basis is used to select an area name. (3) Reference to the survey system recognized in the area. This part of the name indicates either the legal subdivision, section, township, and range or, in areas not divided into townships, the quarter unit, unit, and block as described in the publication entitled " Permit and Lease Grid System." The National Topographic System map numbers given in this publication are not included in the official well name but are recorded by the Branch for reference purposes. Several maps are prepared by the Development Section for distribution to the industry and other interested persons. Maps are maintained to indicate the designated fields and well locations as well as the various major plant and pipe-line installations. These maps are mailed to regular subscribers or they may be obtained by writing to the Branch in Victoria. During 1964 there were two fires of a minor nature involving gas-well completion equipment. The salt-water disposal well located in the Fort St. John area at Pacific Ft St John 3-30-83-18(6) received 46,377 barrels during 1964. The salt water is produced at nearby gas wells, transported to the disposal well, and returned to the Belloy Formation in this well. Salt water obtained at other producing wells in the Province amounted to 235,415 barrels. This water was contained in pits near the producing wells for disposal by evaporation. Drilling and geophysical operations are a significant factor in the opening of new lands for settlers. Many areas that were previously isolated now have year- round access to the populated centres. Production The volume of natural gas produced in 1964, 146,899,255 M s.c.f., was 10 per cent higher than the production for 1963. This total is comprised of the well-head production of wet and dry gas plus the associated gas produced in conjunction with the production of oil. Six fields which produced in excess of 10 billion cubic feet during 1964 were Jedney, 21,530,222 M s.c.f.; Laprise Creek, 14,835,933 M s.c.f.; Nig Creek, 12,114,908 M s.c.f.; Beg, 11,390,482 M s.c.f.; Buick Creek, 11,234,488 M s.c.f.; and Rigel, 10,535,612 M s.c.f. Other fields that produced in excess of 5 billion cubic feet were Bubbles, 6,944,465 M s.c.f.; Kobes-Townsend, 6,469,544 M s.c.f.; Fort St. John Southeast, 6,393,190 M s.c.f.; and Fort St. John, 6,305,383 M s.c.f. 222 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Oil produced during 1964 was 11,551,843 barrels, a decline of almost 8 per cent compared with 1963. The Boundary Lake field produced just over half of the Provincial total at 5,911,797 barrels. The next three largest oil-producing fields were Milligan Creek, 1,637,993 barrels; Peejay, 1,365,329 barrels; and Blueberry, 1,155,639 barrels. Monthly crude-oil and natural-gas production by fields and pools for 1964 are given in Tables 12 and 13. Graphs of the monthly production from 1954 to 1964 are shown in Figures 25 and 26. Sales of natural gas showed significant increases. The 1964 sales, which includes Alberta gas imported through the Westcoast transmission system, increased 7V_ per cent to 147,520,318 M s.c.f. There was 103,610,556 M s.c.f. of gas exported to the United States and 42,801,649 M s.c.f. used in British Columbia during 1964. 14 13 12 II 10 9 a 7 6 s 4 3 2 I O ! 1 GAS PRODUCTION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 1954 to 1964 incl. k j A j A / \ W n / 1- K 1 V / m J\J V \ V £ 5__^A \y V o / V 1 v a AA. / W \J \ '"_&_" 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 " "i%i11 "i%_" 1963 1964" Figure 25. Natural-gas production, 1954-64. . | I OIL PRODUCTION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 1954 to 1964 incl. 1100 . h ,/ V^a/V \,A I 900 BOO 700 600 500 400 500 200 too 0 a / v\ v"W <_ < / V o % o ^ ■^v-^A^^^" '' '1954 "wss"1 ,UM" miW "i^'S-" "'i959M' 1960 "mi"' m i^3 ,nm" Figure 26. Oil production, 1954-64. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 223 Condensate/pentanes plus production for 1964 was 948,578 barrels, of which 26,367 barrels was produced in the field and 922,211 barrels at the gas plants. Total sales of condensate/pentanes plus was 991,342 barrels, of which 643,361 barrels was exported. Butane production for 1964 consisted of 461,759 barrels of gas-plant production and 160,633 of oil-refinery production. Of the total 270,915 barrels sold as butane, 70 per cent or 190,985 barrels was marketed in the Province. The 1964 propane production was 542,702 barrels, of which 244,804 barrels was produced at the gas plants and 297,898 barrels at the oil refineries. About 87 per cent of the 468,962 barrels of propane sold was distributed in British Columbia. The production of sulphur for 1964 increased by 9 per cent over 1963 to 65,836 short tons. Total sales for 1964 were 69,188 short tons, of which over 81 per cent was exported. General statistics showing well operation and production data are given in Table 14. The monthly dispositions of the various petroleum products are shown in Tables 15,16, and 17. The monthly values to the producers are given in Table 18. Pipe-lines Gas-gathering System Extensions to the gas-gathering systems in the Beg and Rigel fields were completed during 1964. The most significant change was made in the Clarke Lake field, where 8 miles of pipe-line was laid in preparation for connection to the main transmission-line. Figure 27. Petroleum and natural-gas pipe-lines. 224 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Gas-transmission System Additional mileages of 127.2 and 6.8 respectively were completed in 1964 to the transmission systems operated by British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority and Inland Natural Gas. The principal pipe-line construction in British Columbia during 1964 was the 220-mile 30-inch transmission-line from Chetwynd to the Fort Nelson area. Most of the work was completed in 1964, and throughput was expected to start in early 1965. This line was designed with an initial capacity of 200 million cubic feet per day. Gas-distribution System Increased distribution facilities totalling 40.9 miles were completed in 1964. The Columbia Natural Gas, Inland Natural Gas, Northland Utilities, and Plains Western systems added 10, 25.1, 5.1, and 0.7 miles respectively. Oil-gathering System British Columbia Oil Transmission and Trans Prairie Pipelines increased their oil-gathering systems in northeastern British Columbia by 10.8 and 0.2 miles respectively. The average throughput of these pipe-lines during 1964 was decreased by 1,967 barrels per day from that of 1963, a result of the drop in annual oil production. Oil-transmission System Western Pacific Products and Crude Oil Pipeline, which carries petroleum and liquid products from Taylor to Kamloops, increased its storage facilities by 63 per cent, although the average throughput for 1964 decreased by 14 per cent. Gas-processing Plants No alterations were reported during 1964 at the two principal gas-processing plants at Taylor and Boundary Lake. A field conservation plant in the Boundary Lake area was put into operation in 1964. This plant receives the associated gas from producing oil wells and extracts gas liquids prior to delivery to the gas-transmission system. The plant has an output capacity of 15,000,000 cubic feet per day. The Fort Nelson Gas Treating Plant, located 15 miles south of Fort Nelson, was constructed in 1964 and will be put on stream in conjunction with the Westcoast gas-transmission line. It has a capacity of 200 million cubic feet per day and was designed to treat high-pressure gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulphide to meet the required pipe-line standards. Oil Refineries During 1964 the six British Columbia oil refineries increased their combined crude-oil capacity to 101,404 barrels per day and their cracking capacity to 38,480 barrels per day. Sulphur Plant No change was made in 1964 to the sulphur plant located adjacent to the gas-processing plant at Taylor. Tables 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 provide data on the pipe-lines, gas-processing plants, oil refineries, and sulphur plant at the end of 1964. Well Records Information concerning the petroleum and natural-gas industry in British Columbia is collected and compiled by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 225 Boundary Lake gas-conservation plant. (Imperial Oil photo.) The data are made available to interested persons, in strict accordance with section 51 of the regulations. Location, elevation, current depth, casing, status, and monthly production of individual wells are released upon request. Other information is held confidential, depending upon the relationship of the well location to the designated fields. Data obtained from wells located within a field are available 30 days after the release of the drilling rig, provided that one year has expired since the rig release date of the discovery well for the field. When a well location is not within a designated field, all data are confidential for one year after the release of the drilling rig. In the case of deep-pool and shallow-pool tests, the data from the exploratory portions of the wells are held confidential for the one-year period. Confidential well information may be released to an interested person, if a letter is received by the Branch from the operator of the well authorizing its release. Information is released by publication, examination of Branch records, or reproduction of data. Cost-defraying charges are made by the Branch for these services. 226 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The records maintained by the Branch are in constant use by the Reservoir, Development, and Geological Sections. Therefore, they must be kept up to date and in a manner suitable for many purposes. As the published reports are expanded to meet the requirements of the industry and of other government bodies, the systems of keeping records must be altered. The Branch has representation on the Statistical Sub-committee which was established at the request of the Mines Ministers' Conference in 1955. This committee is composed of representatives from each Province actively engaged in the petroleum industry and personnel employed by oil companies. The objectives of the group are as follows:— (1) Standardization of forms designed for the same purpose but which are required individually by both the Provincial and Federal Governments under different formats. (2) Standardization of forms to accommodate machine accounting procedures for reporting production statistics to the Provincial Governments. (3) Amendment of existing model report forms to conform with present requirements. (4) Investigation of ways and means to obtain the co-operation of both Provincial and Federal Government agencies and provide earlier availability of information on all phases of the oil and gas industry. One meeting of the Statistical Sub-committee was held in 1964, when revisions in the model forms were approved and discussions were held concerning the procedures and reports employed by the Provincial authorities. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch has adopted many features of these model forms and uses the following applications and reports:— Form No. Form Name *1. Well-names Register. 2. Application for a Drilling Authority. 3. Application to Amend a Drilling Authority. 4. Application to Change a Well Name. 5. Application to Abandon a Well. 6. Application to Alter a Well. 7. New Oil Well Report. 8. New Gas Well Report. 9. Application for M.P.R.—Oil. 10. Application to Commingle Production before Measurement. BCS1. Monthly Production Report. BC S2. Monthly Disposition and Crown Royalty Statement. 15. Monthly Gas-gathering Operations Report. 16. Monthly Natural Gas Plant Statement. 17. Monthly Natural Gas Processing Statement. 18. Monthly Sulphur Plant Operations Report. 19. Monthly Refinery Operations Report. 20. Monthly Crude Oil and Condensate/Pentanes Plus Purchaser's Statement. 21. Monthly Liquefied Petroleum Gas Purchaser's Statement. 22. Well Completion Report. 23. Supplement to Well Completion Report. 24. Work-over Report No. . *25. Work-over Card. *26. Monthly Operations Report. * For Department use only. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 227 Form No. Form Name 27. Application for a Rig Licence. 28. Monthly Water Flood Operations Report. 29. Monthly Water Receipts and Disposal Report. 30. Statement of Nomination and Estimated Requirements for British Co lumbia Crude Oil, Condensate/Pentanes Plus. 31. New Service Well Report. 32. Well Allowable Report. *33. Drilling Report. *7c. Meter Inspection Report. *7d. Battery Inspection Report. fMonthly Natural Gas Distributor's Statement. fMonthly Report on Oil Pipeline Gathering Operations. * For Department use only. t Used in conjunction with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. The Branch has representation on the Provincial-Federal Committee on Oil and Gas Statistics, which held one meeting during 1964. The purpose of this committee is to establish and revise, as required, statistical forms on the production, transportation, and distribution of oil and gas and to foster the joint collection of these statistics, eliminating as much duplication by the Provincial and Federal agencies as possible. Reports Schedule of Wells An annual volume is compiled and published giving all well information released during the year. It covers the period from 8 a.m. January 1st to 8 a.m. January 1st of the succeeding year. The data are arranged by geographical areas and provide the following information when applicable: Well name, classification, drilling authority number, operator, title and title number, location, co-ordinates, spud date, rig release date, ground elevation, Kelly bushing elevation, total depth, status, interval open to production, casing details, logs, core intervals, sample intervals, drill-stem tests, wire-line tests, and geological markers as determined by the operator and the Branch. This information is condensed from reports submitted to the Branch by the various operators. Weekly Report A weekly report is published for Departmental use from data collected by the field office staff at Charlie Lake. The week reported is from 8 a.m. Friday to 8 a.m. of the succeeding Friday. The following information is included:— (1) Well locations approved. (2) Well locations pending approval. (3) Well locations cancelled. (4) Changes of well names. (5) Changes of well classification. (6) Changes of well status. (7) Wells spudded. (8) Rigs operating. (9) Suspended wells. (10) Abandoned wells. 228 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 (11) Completed wells. (a) Oil wells. (b) Gas wells. (12) Water-injection wells. (13) Gas-injection wells. (14) Disposal wells. (15) Water-source wells. (16) Observation wells. (17) Work-overs. (18) Summary of well count giving the following totals:— (a) Oil wells. (b) Gas wells. (c ) Abandoned wells. (d) Injection wells. (e) Disposal wells. (f ) Completed wells. (g) Locations drilled. (h) Multiple wells. ( i ) Drilling wells. (/) Suspended wells. (k) Approved but not spudded wells. (/) Locations in good standing. (m) Locations approved. (n) Locations cancelled. The number of completed wells is calculated by two methods to provide verifi cation. The number of wells of different status, counting each zone of a multiple completion as a well, is compared to the number of locations drilled less the multiple completions. The number of locations in good standing is calculated also by two methods. The total number of locations drilled, drilling, suspended, and approved but not spudded is compared to the total number of locations approved less the number of locations cancelled. Oil and Gas Production Report The Oil and Gas Production Report is prepared monthly from returns made by the operators of the producing wells, pipe-lines, gas plants, refineries, and distribu tion facilities. The contents of the report are as follows:— (1) Graphical presentations of the daily average oil production, the daily aver age residual and dry gas production, and the monthly footage drilled with comparative graphs of the totals for the preceding year. (2) Monthly summary of the drilling and completion activity with cumula- tives for the year and comparative figures for the same month of the preceding year. (3) New oil- and gas-well reports received. (4) The number of producing and producible oil and gas wells by field and pool and comparative figures for the same month of the preceding year. (5) Production of crude oil, natural gas, condensate, and water by field and pool with comparative volumes produced in the same month of the pre ceding year. These quantities are given for the current month, the current year, and the all-time cumulative. (6) Estimated oil production for the succeeding month. (7) Crude oil and equivalent disposition. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 229 (8) Value of crude-oil sales to British Columbia producers. (9) Disposition of produced water. (10) Tabulation of nominations and estimated requirements for British Columbia crude oil and condensate/pentanes plus. (11) Approved maximum permissible rates. (12) Withdrawn maximum permissible rates. (13) Natural-gas disposition. (14) Value of natural gas to British Columbia producers and distributors. (15) Production and disposition of condensate/pentanes plus, butane, propane, and sulphur. (16) Value of sales of natural-gas liquids and sulphur to British Columbia producers. (17) Water flood operations showing the number of injection wells and the current monthly, current yearly, and all-time cumulative figures for each formation in each pool and field. This report is compiled and mailed to subscribers approximately two weeks after receipt of the returns from the operators. In 1964 all production statistics were changed to a machine accounting system. The information is taken from the original documents, punched onto I.B.M. cards, and then calculated and printed mechanically. Drilling and Land Report The Drilling and Land Report is published and distributed monthly concurrently with the Oil and Gas Production Report. The Drilling Section is compiled from information forwarded by the Branch field office and contains the following:— (1) Monthly summary of drilling and completion activity with cumulatives for the year, and comparative figures for the same month of the preceding year. (2) Summary of the well count giving the following totals:— (a) Locations drilled. (b) Oil wells. (c) Gas wells. (_) Abandoned wells. (e) Injection wells. (/) Disposal wells. (g) Wells completed. (3) Drilling authorities approved. (4) Locations cancelled. (5) Locations outstanding. (6) Changes of well status. (7) Changes of well classification. (8) Changes of well names. (9) Suspended wells. (10) Drilling and completed wells. (11) Rig licences issued. (12) Rig licences renewed. (13) Rig licences cancelled. (14) Well data released from confidential status. (15) Descriptions of designated fields. 230 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The Land Section is prepared by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Titles Section and contains the following:— (1) Acreage synopses. (2) Summary of changes in acreage held under the following titles:— (a) Permits. (b) Leases. (c) Natural-gas licences. (d) Drilling reservations. (3) Operator's licences issued and renewed. (4) Notices regarding sales of Crown petroleum and natural-gas rights. (5) Summary of disposition of permits, leases, natural-gas licences, and drilling reservations. Publications The following publications are available from the General Administrative Section:— Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, consolidated to January 8, 1964 $0.35 Underground Storage Act, 1964 .25 Geophysical Regulations .25 Permit and Lease Grid System 1.00 List of Leases in the Peace River District, showing lease number, lessee, acreage, issue date, term, and ex-permit number 2.50 Oil and Gas Production Report (monthly) $6.00 per calendar year or 15$ per copy Drilling and Land Report (monthly) $6.00 per calendar year or 75^ per copy Crown Reserve Sale Notices and Results—a mailing list is maintained for the benefit of interested persons Free Synopsis of the Laws Relating to the Mineral Industry of British Columbia Free List of Publications, Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources Free The following publications are available from the Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch:— Regulations Governing the Drilling of Wells and the Production and Conservation of Oil and Natural Gas $0.50 Regulations Establishing Gas-Oil Ratio Adjustment Factors, Oil Production Allowables, Overproduction and Underproduction .25 Oil and Gas Field Descriptions (quarterly) .50 Daily List of Drilling Authorities Issued $12.00 per year Petroleum and Natural Gas Report, reprinted from the Annual Report of the Minister .25 Petroleum and Natural Gas Resources, reprinted from the Transactions of the 15th B.C. Natural Resources Conference, February, 1964 1.00 Stratigraphic Correlation Chart, Northeastern British Columbia and adjacent areas— Size 19" x 29"- .75 Size 9" x 14"_ .25 Representative Well Logs, Northeastern British Columbia (1960) (this is included in Volume I, Schedule of Wells) .50 List of Permit Geological Reports Released to November, 1960 .50 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 231 Redfern Lake Area, Preliminary Geological Report (mimeographed) $0.45 Schedule of Wells Drilled for Oil and Natural Gas in British Columbia— Volume I, 1906 to 1959 Volume II, 1960 Volume III, 1961 Volume IV, 1962- 7.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 Volume V, 1963 5.00 Reservoir Performance Charts, Oil and Gas Fields 5.00 Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production Summaries— 1954 .50 1955 .75 1956 1.00 1957 2.00 1958 3.00 1959 to 1960 $5.00 each (Since 1961 the summary has been included in the December issue of the Oil and Gas Production Report.) Memoranda to Operators, complete set to end of 1964 Free TABLES Table 1.—Geophysical Exploration, 1964 Seismic Surveys Note.—Unless otherwise shown, the exploration method used is the reflection seismic survey. For indicating location, the National Topographic map numbering system is used, except in the Peace River Block, where the township system is used. Company Location of Exploration Number of Seismic Crews Number of Crew-weeks January Altair Oil & Gas Co. Atlantic Refining __ British American Calgary & Edmonton- California Standard- Canada Southern French Petroleum Hudson's Bay Imperial Oil Enterprises.. Pacific Petroleums. Pan American.. Richfield Shell Oil Sinclair Canada.. 94-1-13, 14 94-16, 7, 10,11.. 94-P-l 94-P-13 94-H-3; 94-J-14, 15; 94-P-4, 13; 94-N-12 94-P-7, 11 _ 94-P-5, 6 94-0-4; Tp. 79, 80, R. 22-26, W. of 6th M. 94-H-15 _ 94-B-15 94-0-3 ..... 94-0-4 ._ 94-H-10 94-H-ll 94-H-14 _ 94-H-15 Tp. 85, 86, R. 24, 25, W. of 6th M... 94-J-3, 6, 12 94-J-7, 8, 10 94-P-l, 8, 9 94-P-4, 5, 12 94-J-9 __ 93-1-8.._ 94-A-ll 94-B-6, 11... 94-1-15, 16 94-1-16; 94-P-l Tp. 84, R. 20, 21, W. of 6th M I Tp. 80, 81, R. 14, 15, W. of 6th M 1 4.5 1 4 12.9 4 4 6 3 2 1 3 0.5 2 1 0.5 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 0.5 4 2 2 1 1.5 1 Seismic " Vibroseis " technique. 232 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Table 1.—Geophysical Exploration, 1964—Continued Seismic Surveys—Continued Company Location of Exploration Number of Seismic Crews Number of Crew-weeks 94-P-13, 14, 15 1 \ } ; li } ; 4 94-J-7, 8, 9; 94-1-10, 12, 14 . 94-H-4 94-H-5 94-1-12 4 4 Triad Oil 1.5 0.5 February 94-1-10, 11, 12, 13, 14 94-J-8 4 \ 0.5 L o-s 13.1 94-J-7. 94-J-l.... 94-0-2, 3, 16; 94-P-4, 7... ... 94-P-7, 8, 10 4 94-N-15 2 Tp. 78, R. 21, W. of 6th M 1 94-N-l. 94-H-15; 94-J-14 ~ 6 4 94-H-6 r o.s 94-H-ll 0.5 94-H-12 0.5 94-N-10 3 94-0-3 1 94-J-9 4 94-J-7 94-G-9 1 1 94-B-7, 8 94-P-13 2 1 94-0-16 2 94-1-11,12 94-P-lO, 11 94-1-1, 8 1 3 1 93-1-8 2 Richfield . 94-A-l 1, 14 2 94-1-3, 6 2 Shell Oil 94-N-l, 2, 7, 8; 94-K-15 94-G-ll 4 2 94-G-2 1 Socony Mobil 94-P-7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 94-H^ 94-H4 4 Tenneco Triad Oil- 2 0.3 Union Oil 94-P-2 94-G 1 4.3 March Amerada Petroleum 2 Atlantic Refining 94-1-2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 94-1-14; 94-P-3, 7— 94-P-l 0 4.5 Calgary & Edmonton California Standard 8 1 94-N-l 5 1 94-H-7 1 Canadian Kewanee 94-J 10 2 Tp. 80, R. 22, 23, W. of 6th M 94-J-14 ... 94-H 5 2 Hudson's Bay 4 1 94-0-3 ! i. 2 Tp. 82, R. 17, W. of 6th M 94-A-l 3; 94-H-4... 94-G-7, 8 Pacific Petroleums 2 94-1-11, 12 94-0-2 94-1-1, 8 2 2 2 Richfield Tp. 86, 87, R. 15, W. of 6th M... Tp. 86, R. 19, W. of 6th M 94-A-l 1 2 1 1 94-1-3,6 0.5 Sinclair Canada 94-J-14, 15; 94-0-2 — 94-B-9 94-G-2, 3 94-P-7; 94-1-10, 14, 15 94-1-13 2 Socony Mobil 1 4 1.5 i Seismic " Vibroseis " technique. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 233 Table 1.—Geophysical Exploration, 1964—Continued Seismic Surveys—Continued i Seismic " Vibroseis " technique. 2 Marine seismic. 3 Refraction. 4 River seismic (Peace and Pine Rivers). Aeromagnetic Surveys Company Location of Exploration Number of Seismic Crews Number of Crew-weeks April Atlantic Refining 94-1-9, 10, 11.. ... 93-P-15, 16 94-J-16 1 1 1 1 2 } ■ 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 1 1 2 13 1 1 1 2 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.5 1.8 94-G-10 1 Shell Oil 92-D, E 62 May 93-P-15 f llS 93-P-16 _. . . 2 94-A-3 0.5 94-G-10, 15. _ 4 Shell Oil 92-D, E . 82 June 94-A-3 4 94-A-l 2, 13; 94-B46 - 1 94-G-15. 2 04.T-4 2 Shell Oil 92-D, E 103-G 72 12 July 82 G ~- 2 94-J-10 2 94-J-5, 12 . 2.5 Shell Oil 103-A, B, G 82-G 44 August 4 94-J-10 2 82-G-1.2 94-J-5, 12 92-E; 102-1, O, P; 103-A 4 3 Shell Oil 44 September 82-G 2 94-A 94-B-16 2* 0.5 94-J-10 1 94-J-5, 12... 92-C, D ... - 3 Shell Oil 3* October Pacific Petroleums . 94-J-10 2 94-G 7, 8, 9, 10 25 November 94-G-7, 8, 9, 10. 94-A-12 3 December 1 94-B-16 . . 1.5 94-A-5, 12 1 Tp. 88, R. 19, W. of 6th M. 2 Placid Oil 94-1-12, 13; 94-J-9, 16 94-H-5 ... 4 Triad Oil— 1 Company Location Time 93-0-8, 9, 15,16; 94-B-l, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10 Sept. 2-22, incl. 234 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Table 2.—Surface Geological Exploration, 1964 Company Location Number of Geologists Two-man Party-weeks June California Standard Hudson's Bay Imperial Oil Enterprises _ Sohio Petroleum July British American.. California Standard- Hudson's Bay- Imperial Oil Enterprises i- Pan American A ugust British American Hudson's Bay Imperial Oil Enterprises! Pan American September Imperial Oil Enterprises1.. Pan American Sohio October Imperial Oil Enterprisesl- 94-G 94-J 93-1-8. 95-J, O, N; 93-P-9 93-P, O 96-C 82-G 83-L; 93-1.. 94-J; 94-G.. 93-1 94-A 93-1 82-G.. 94-B.. 93-0- 94-A. 93-1— 94-A 93-1- 93-O.P.. 94-A 0.5 0.5 9 12 1 1 3 12 i Photogeologic mapping by contract. Table 3.—Exploratory Test-holes Drilled, 1964 Company No. Ground Elevation Altair Oil & Gas.. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 N. 2,593.9', E. 1,399.7', Sec. 14, Tp. 85, R. 21, W. of 6th M N. 2,323.9', W. 2,659.5', Sec. 4, Tp. 86, R. 21, W. of 6th M S. 1,063.8', E. 2,663.8', Sec. 15, Tp. 85, R. 21, W. of 6th M 2,348.7' 2,194.1' 2,180.1' S. 166.7', E. 1,461.7', Sec. 12, Tp. 88, R. 25, W. of 6th M 2,671.8' D-21-E/94 G 15 <v39-F/94-H-15 Centre of Sec. 15, Tp. 85, R. 21, W. of 6th M 2,213.1' N. 1,679', E. 1,995', b-79-D/94-A-14 . . .. 2,580.1' N. 2,084', E. 1,417', b-52-A/94-A-13 2,744.0' PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 235 tf w M w u w O H < < Q ft o > tf w tn o ►J w w I-I H H CN H CM H N 1- <M. 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Disposable Gas2 (Billion S.C.F. at 14.65 Psia. and 60° F.) Gas Liquids (Barrels of 34.97 Imperial Gallons at60°F.) Sulphur (Short Tons) Reserves remaining at December 31,1963 . Revisions and extensions3 Production, 1964 Reserves remaining at December 31,1964 . 153,583,411 + 111,958,833 11,525,476 254,016,768 7,060.4 -336.8 125.5 6,598.1 138,148,800 + 15,567,300 1,388,053 | 152,328,047 I 3,637,428 — 151,828 67,615 3,417,985 1 Includes only proved drilled reserves. There are an additional 13,285,600 barrels of probable reserves which are in effect proved undrilled reserves. 2 Associated gas is included only for pools in which gas-conservation schemes are in operation. 3 Includes discovery from new drilling and revisions arising from new information. The production of residual gas, gas liquids, and sulphur are the quantities calculated from gas analyses to have been produced with the raw gas, sweet and sour, and are not the quantities actually extracted. The quantity of gas delivered to the transmission-line and distributed in 1964 was 118,959,880 M s.c.f., and the amounts of natural-gas liquids and sulphur actually extracted were 1,655,141 barrels and 65,836 short tons respectively. The actual production of raw gas, including conserved associated gas from Blueberry and Boundary Lake fields, was 142,386,488 M s.c.f. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 239 2 Ik— §<_ « W m S w O w Q o H 1/1 W H ,2 w I-I m w P s i X H w i-i « < ' ca ca *. * * ! 5 £ £l S u cj ca ca oooooaffi _ _ _ _ _ c a c '_ '_ _ ______ 5 S 5 5 .5 .5 i S ig '.g 2 3 2 d c c CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ cj .2 £ .S -CC!ccjrtca«rtc3S,S'g>5'ijCyW-c«c«[ is S S fe ft fc » p •$"S? f f $ M i -1 -a -1 - aaaaaasassssBsssss! rt rt rt rt -^ ^ iJ rt> rt rt rt cj . 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(i CD CJ c i I g Hi Hi Hi Q 0 H CI qj a J> J. ^ ^ J*.* ^ _ A A .* __ ^ .* _ __ ._ > ..:_ __ rtC- __ ^ .U M ,- ,_ .._- * MMrX ,- ^ J* ,_ A _- rt ►J rt w 0 3 rt rt i-l J rt W w _ W _ 3 3 ■3 CI rt W rt W .3,3,3 rt w : rt 3 w _ rt w a rt _ rt rt a: rt W « i- rt rt 3 WWW rt W W W rt - rt w rt w £ > >, > &£ £ t > £ >> > >> > £ > £ >* >. > £ £ (h Ih Ih Ih rt l- Ih IhIh1hV-1hIhIhW.1h1hIh1hIh>hIhIh rt tt rt n R rt n f! n fT CI R r? rt cc X T T T T T ■o t T ■a x T -TJT V *a t •CJ *o T T3 T ■o X T3 T c 3 C 3 l= 3 3 c 3 C C 3 3 3 c C 3 C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 c 3 E 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 = 3 W _, 3 3 3 = s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 = 3 3 3 3 = 3 = 3 3 3 3 = 3 3 3 : C r O o O C r C r r O C O C r r C O O C r r O C O C c O O C c o c o C o c ft PC pa pa pa pc pa pa w pq pa pa pa pa PC PQ PQ pq PQ pa n PC PQPC PQPC PC PQ PQ PQ CQ PQ PQ PC CQCQ PQ PQ PC PQ PQ PQ PC PQPQ SSlSS__-IS--S|S-SiSS_SSS-iiSSilliS-Sii-S||S|_ cnMmcncn^mcnMm<ncncn^cncncncnTtTtTtTt^^^2^^^^2rtrt^^^^ ^_^iA^^lAiA^iAlA^^^rS^^^^4Tt44T*_i4M__44 V^^^vOVO^^t^^-^opop^^WMOOf^TlTJ-tfop i^oo2£voob;*voco2£34222^ * cn cn r-t r-t en C vcncnrtcncncncnTtTtTtTtTt Tt Tt tn t 4*? rt vo £•£• a d t) X3 3 3 3 3 O O PQPQ u o rt rt WW ft ft E fi ^4 00 rt fr& rt rt •o -a 3 3 3 3 O O PQPQ si u rt ci WW ft ft fi 6 tx in if or in v OO 00 oc r- oo oc or. vr lTlT^ 00 oc 4 rt VO 00 i- &&&&&&_ *a *a -o -o -a *a T3 OOOOOOO pq pq PQ pQ pq PQ PQ W W W W W W W ft ft ft a q ft ft fi E fi £ E fi fi oo t- oo tn rt 00 CO © ^-V^^<N rt vo &£• rt cs xi *o 3 3 3 3 O O PQW U CJ cs rt WW ft ft fi fi >> >> rt Oh rt rt ■O t3 3 3 3 3 o o WPQ o o rt rt WW ft ft fi fi 00 vo £■& cs rt •a -a 3 3 3 3 o o WW o o rt cS WW ft ft E fi © CN CO rt T ^ 4 Tj- Tt ' S4?SS' 4,Ti_i4vo, T T rr Tt vo VO . rtrtrtrt00*^rtrtVO 00 cn cn > Tt 4 , OO CO >»>.>,>»>>>. rt rt X3 Xi 3 3 3 3 O O WPQ si U rt rt WW ft ft e e >» b >■ •_ rt H l H V* H [ rt rt rt I T3 13 -U ! 3 3 c 13 3 3 _ J O O O 5wwwwpaw racQw cs rt £j rt rt . *a -o ^ ts -a ■ 5 3 3 3 3 3 13 3^33 i o o 2 o o " -. 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OOO PQ TO PQ 3 3 3 Ih Ih 3 3 3 3 3 3 OOO TO TO PQ www4 _ _ _ a a a a a JJ rt rt rt ' ■g *0 fe " Hi Hi Hi M M M WWW &&& OOOO ^ ^ ^ rt4 rt rt rt rt 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-J b&bb rt rt rt rt 3 3 3 3 3 ■ So cocpKcp 1J Sc a£ OOOOOOOOO BsScpfficacacoeaEa a a a a a a a 3333333 |§ssr|ss§si|5sasiSss|aslSj-r|r|r||g|||sssiisisslSr| 4vivi^j^^^^«^__SS3^__3vooc)Svioo22;«2_2SS^^oc)SS«S^_Soo2 •0 _ a a 3 3 0 0 CQCQ CJ CJ rt rt ft ft a a a a ^OOTf'Cor^O\OO^minrtNH^NrtVimVOinOCS^rScnmOMrOrtrtO\OON^C«\OVOWtSrtinN^ u^»nr^TtcncovocNCNOvvoooTtvoTtTtvo©vo<nooTt^©TtiinovcNvoONt^cNcocn»n©cncnrt t^^Hooo^^oooc«o^o^o^o^c^wMccoo^^^^l»^-oolnv9^ln^^Oln\OTt«^^^(J^^ovo^o\_rf) 8 ft. 244 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 §_ 3" fl _ rt^. %£ a cocNrtc^O\Ttt^r^rtMc»oo©oorTirt(ri^^'c>o\vocncnr>rtovoTfcNr^vocNo\©cnor^rt Ovrtvooovc<n*trtcncnvoovt"~ ooooor-rtvotninvov^omocnrtovoou-iovOvcnovOTtoo s •5 s ON a; w cs a w o W P o H t/3 W H *1 w J cq a et Ui PL, a Q w N 3 o x H W CQ _ o o ^ .-4 ^ WWW Ih Ih Ih 3 3 3 OOOO ^ ^ ,-4 .M rt rt rt rt j^_ih-i CJ CJ o _! 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COCO CO OOOO tB CB (5 JB 'o 'o 'o "3 rtrtrtrt TO TO W TO in <n in _ I- oo Ov B vo IS, W ^> « °° •o *a T3 t_)^ 53a z^z I E E PiWp:! CO CO to __._> 000 TO TO TO 000 C rt C ZZZto tt "3uu'o,o a a a a 2 rt rt rt ci r/i uouuw. WPiWPH ™ co w CO co o o o o o CJ eg JB JE (B (B 'o 'o "o 'o "o rt rt rt rt rt TO TO TO W TO PjS'° <j ^, a a a T3 >!, rt pi _ SiS -cq0__ ,WBurJ go = mm AjCS _ _ LO a cn ^p M> ClJU? §1 E 3 JJ2A3 wwaca TJ *o *0 "O rtrtrtrt "in "|h *(h 'in HHHH OOOO oooo co co tn co Ofr.^^r^^rnrtOvtnTi-r^^oo^in^o^vDTfOwMcfit^in^^aNONr^^TfrtrONOs^inMoaDOvh lnH'*o^NvoomMlnamrtN^^\r^^Mm^rtC«cf)T^Hrta^trt^^^oo^m^rtfr)^|lnrtf^mN^ TtininTt^TtTtcnTti^TtinTftnTtTtinTtu^Ttin^^TfrininininTti^ 258 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 § g o z I—I I-I ►J HH tt a a z < Q Ui -I ►J 5 Q CO ►J I-I <3\ Ui h-l ca cj cj _ cj rtrt as 33 UI bo oj CJ ned—dry. Halfway oil well. Halfway oil well. Halfway oil well. Halfway oil well. Halfway oil well. Halfway oil well. ned—dry; junked. Baldonnel gas well Baldonnel gas well ned—dry. Boundary Lake oil Boundary Lake oil Boundary Lake oil Boundary Lake oil Drilling. Triassic Halfway gas well. Triassic Halfway gas well. Abandoned—dry. Lower Cretaceous Dunlevy Abandoned—dry; junked. Lower Cretaceous Dunlevy Abandoned—dry. Triassic Baldonnel gas well Triassic Charlie Lake gas w Triassic Halfway gas well. Devonian Slave Point gas w Abandoned—dry. Abandoned—dry. Injection—water. Abandoned—dry. Triassic Halfway oil well. Abandoned—dry. Drilling. Abandoned—dry. O o CJ _o cj o cj O cj u O _o _o o CJ _ — 'cn "55 "co 'to "lo "2 "co 'w _ "co 'w "co 'to Q u coco w </>co3coco3cflcflcoco rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt •H 'C 'C 'C 'C 'G 'C -P C- tj -^ 1j 5j "Cj 'C <HHHHHH<HH<HHhH rt rt j_ •0*0*0 in. O O O TJ BBS" O O O x> *o xi *o E 3 3 3 to rt rt rt & __ XJXl g < «, <CO V. •o *o o o . B B 00 O O E *0 "0 IB 3 E 3 rt tn Co x> __ cu -2 ©moocNmooo vo© ©ino©cNinooovo©inm©cN©ov©vot-vo©mr-cn©©min©oOv©>n©TttN©oooo©oo OO'^CNOOvovr^cntNTtOvcot^in'—c^ovcncoov^Oinirtinooooooovvooot^t^rtivoinTtcnoooin t^o\oso\o\t»cort\Dr~-vDr^tNr~t~-vi\oi^it* vcvot^vo^\o_c|o^'Hril* r-wr^r^o^iHwvicsitr-f-oo tncncncncncncntSTtTtTtTtTtin-Tj" Tt^f^'tn cncnrtTtTtt>Ttcn"cn" cnmtn"in"tNTtTttNvocnfn O o HP Sin © © tN m © oo vo © in in © r- © OrticN©OvOvr-cncNTtovooi-Hm t^ov^o^o^o^oocortvor^vocNcNcnr-^ cncncncncnencnt^TtTt^T^TtTtTt | ,j' ^j. Tt o vo r- voo«nr-©©oin<n©oov©in tNOvcnooovTtocNrtinoocoooovtNoor- vo^t^vovor^vo^cNtNo\rtc^vot^»>r^r^ cn" cn in rf t* [C Tt cn" cn" tn cn" cn" O CN © © o vo in tj in rt m tN 1 © oo : co m : r- co r- tN ^ Tt | cn tn S o rt*o PpC sosososososososp VO VD VO "O Qi VO VO OVOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOVOvOvOVO\OvOv Tt^t-Tt TtTtTtTt"*T+TtTt^TtTtTtTtTt VO VO VO VOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVDVOVDVO OvOvO\ OvOvOvOvOvOVOvOvOvOVOvOvOvOv •O — — _ j O^OiOiO, 1 . . _ _ 1 Tt T — — OWOOVOvOvcNTtoO CNCNTtOVf-inOv rtirtfN tNCN CNCNrttNfN Ww?w=oS<wS<SS^ZQ< tnovov ini-HtNTtoor-rtcnocNcovOrticn ,_, ,-H rt tN rt CN CS cn rt r-t Apr. 2 Nov. 7 Dec. 23 Mar. 25 C3s 00 CS TJ SvOVOVDVOVOVOVO S^VDvDVOVD-i^oSSvO SvovDVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVOVDVOVOVO OvOvOvOVOvOvOvOv OvOvO\OvOvOvOvOvOvOvOv OvOvCvOvovOvO\OVO\OvO\ovOvOvOvOvOvavOvOvovO\Ov £SSll^llllllzl=p_£.lllipp^o_|p|ISpolil.ll z _._ SC . » o o •-__; S s HZ .2 a si a o» wH rC oo _ r^. r~ co •a - - o cj u a a a ZZZ HHrt ' ~ I t*-<SD j oo co o TJ TJ c >> >> £ o o J2 E E £ rt rt O ZZS BEE BEE ooo HHH ,U ! *? 5 ^vi O O T3 ^ oo oo 3 _-> --I rt ZZ^2 r cn m cn T_, i _■ ~r i _ V f~°f Tf ! oo _ op ^ cs : ci °? «> ci m J mm^^H< •C ^ „ ts >"CS tjco CCL.cn 3 rt .2 A <_ _ W 6»H 22 rt rt <J S3* o oZ SSo E B rt BEX rt rt B TJ TJ 3 3 3 O totoZ 3 3 3 OOO TOTOTO <<< www ZZZ OOOOOO OOOOOO rt rt rt rt rt rt X X X X X X OOOOOO H rt rt H H H UJ BJ PL ZZZ §§-• m«m Zl5w <«:< pjfc U- ZZZ ooo ooo X X K >< >< CJ CJ Qi CJ CJ rtrtrtrtrt mm ma << tun. ZZ o o cj cj rt « .-S^ !_S! 3 _ J^ ?• « COCg Jjcj WWpC^rt <<< «< BJCUPL, .PJ ZZZHZ o o o o o CJ CJ O O O rt rt rt rt rt W X X X X CJ Oi O CJ CJ HHHrtH iCJ ooo- vfS°; '"?*? rt >C cAr^ -2i in m _■_ _fc a a a a a 4"c "> B rt rt m C> cj cj cj rt rt CJ CJ a ammm mm g g_ T3 - - - £^ J^ rt rt rt pi PS HH b^btlr- rtrt ! rt Ih Ih Ih * | tN Q, B. TO O "www t: ti _rt M O O O q SPPPz cj a a a*; rt rt rt « X SuUUo .OOO a MPCPS pjp <? I — rt _ ^Toi E Tt cfl _5-2 3 _ rt ii- l) 3<m CO HHHHH mm „§§ 'C 3 a HPP (SOowi^rHOr^W^coo\rtianNooo\rt(Tio\coo^w^cNvcTtwmo\^^Nr1Ortitsih.tH.\ow. Ttr^ovovoo\©r^QOTtinoofnTtooinrsinc^to©©inrtTtcncNCNcni^ovTHTtin©r^TrvocnrHTrin Tt-^TtinTtTtinTtTtTtTtT^intnTTininTt^inininTtcninTtTtininTtcnTtTtinT^ PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 259 rt 9 a £ » g .-3 3 a O _ o . _ I g '.a H * a £ b" o a L>. ._ CO CJ S d o Is _ _ s s ? 3 co _• an—gas. Carboniferous Belloy Cretaceous Dunlevy g disposal well; deepen an Slave Point gas we 5. an Pine Point gas wel oned—dry. 2 a mP , , o - JH, 3 Vh Ih a >> » co . _ 2 _ §§&- ffi *0 *0 o 1 1 £ rt 1 fi a"? rt fe - - £ o 1 S3 rt 1 887T 1 <■ M fc"° t^ IS"0*0 SS« Hi 3 _ c 8- 3 o 3 n ffi 0 a a ffi 8 2 r i a cj U o UUoo ■a --S TJ TJ rt TT - _ a 3 B CJ 3 >> a - <j a cjB3JcJO_oa rt rt < rt rt pi S rt > _: rt n ._ JD-g * * o <<H<<hJ 3 •O 'C 1? X "C O *° rtj <W5<WW<Q & S, jj Z p p p < 3 j < < OTt©min©©©mt-ooov omr^mr^ovovinr~inovcnovoo tNtN^tNOvcnr-VOTt'ninrt t-OVrtTtCNrtOvOvOOVOTl-COOOO Ttoooocnininr^r^oo^t^TOOv-o^voinr^invo o5nH> w^mm cncncncncncncncncncncncncncn cn vo Tt cn"cNTtoo"cncnTtcn" ©Ttominoooinr—coov©in :inr-ovmcn fN tN tj- CN Ov cn r— vcTtmmrtr-Ov ! Tt cn >-> vo tn Tt oo oo cn in^in r^r^oo^r> co Ov oo^vo^ t^T» vo *2> «-< cncncncncncncncncncncncncncn j cn vo -t vo t— HfsmffiOO r- ov tt oo vo oo cn cn oo tt co m C-" t> cn" cn oo" cn" 0\0\0\OsWOiO\0^0\0\OiO\ OVOv ■8_8,<sg_5tS3o,_s_g VO Qj so SO VO VC y_ SO SO SO so OvOvOvOvOv 0\OvOvOvOvOv h > • 2 n *-J >"" • (J M I-I a' a g •£> a ■o g Si n e d £jo J5 „ -rf a q Jj a $ s a n d m rt«^rfrt.fJi"35rtrt«'rt/;5i'cJ3i^3ie«'ra'5rtH" 3 ml! ag.2> _ V -^ Ida a 'a rt rt rt rt rt rt *c3 zzzzzz-g CJ CJ CJ O 0 O 0 O O r3 2 2.9 vot^TrtOv(NcnvoOvcncnin»-HTfcnci>iOOO\Ttcnvoov,n'-HCOvocncn cn«-HinTt-(NcncNOavvocnrtcncNinini-HO'^-Ovo©Tt©cnvDin TtTtinTtTtTtininTt^^^^^^^^^ONTtTtTtTtTtcncNTt 260 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 •o a > o o cnenoovcs vo ov vo ri >n vo t- ^J -rt"»vo ^cnioooc7\o\ vO o a •O CM Pj-3 P j 1 ! ! CO ! OT co rt co pj I'll i :B i : i { 1 rt oo rt oo !° i i i ca cfl d to - oo ^ i i rt rt 60 U> 0 XP--Cff ' ^ tn ■2 8 1^ rt O rt : w 1 ** i { '"V^V ? (H ! i O j 00 I CN pp- UOHHlr) ■ cn _J cn tn rt -"B r-t H cq 60 A E Blueberry b-38-i E Blueberry b-36-i W Blueberry d-82- W Blueberry d-19- ry 8-15-85-14, gas ry 12-10-85-14, gas dary 8-5-85-14, ga; oundary L 6-6-86- Lake 6-23-85-14, o oundary 16-31-86- ca o - »e ►V"W>? a •a gas... gas. gas 1-88- CS t^ rt CN m oo co op ci -a rt "d rt? cn cn o > 8 Cfl (5 cA cn co D !"?«? g ,o rt ,o .M .M tj '"T O CJ t* J? I- % 3 e S g b-17-K,; g d-10-G, eg a-79-F, ernadet 8- Blueberry Blueberry Blueberry Blueberry M o 3 ■§ tkeni tken ( itton: .tton i Beat alBe alBe IWB talB rtrtrtrt oooo etal etal etal etal iunda iunda Boun FAB dary FAB ■a CJ lion Ai lion Ai iad Bea iad Bea d West u rt « O o ort rtrtrtrt ZZZZ [ West Nat 1 West Nat f West Nat [ West Nat Pacific Be Pacific Be Amerada Texaco N Sun Boun Texaco N a. S rtl o o ja +. tn tn tn tn OOOO O PPhhI £c2 8|> . i D-tS ££££ o rt t •H B »H w O o Numbe of Well apable roducti 00 ^ oc 3 *>-* CN cn r- <N CO CO cs cn UPh t~ "o o o 0\ CS C7\ •C •cn vo" .— UJ « „C5\ » « "".oo" vo rt in \0 co ci •—i i—"—. •o £6 cnS J4-A-13 , 94-B-9, 94-B-l W. of 6 th M. 6, 87, R. 13, 5th M. 5, 86, R. 14, 5th M. W. of 6th M. 3 _o rt O o 2 t^ CN 3 Tf •^j <*j rt o o it Tt **-« Tt Ov oo" N.T.S. 94-A- N.T.S. 94-H N.T.S. 94-H •c op $*&j C5 Ov cn rt Ov O dz 6 Tf C3\ rtl 3 *o s .S. 94-B 94-i N.T.S. 88, R. 1 88, R. 1 -< in °:p, 3<9 N.T.S.! 94-A-12 8, R. 25, 84, 85, 8 W. of i 83, 84, 8 t, R. 15, 6 Tf C3\ c-J Z 00 00 d d H ■» Z a. .T.S. Tp. 8 Tp. Tp. Tp. 8- 05 H r~^ HH 7 z V 1 ~' ' ■ "" rtcncN cNTtcNCNcNcnTtcn CO © O rt m r-t OOOvOrtrtrtCNMfNcn -«* O O rt vO vo vo VO vo vo vo vcvdvovovovdvovo in vo vo vo vo vo mmvovovovovovovovo Os ON Ov ON Ov Ov C3V ON C\ CJ\ CJ\ Ov ON Ov Ov \Js Ov OvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOVCTvOvOvOvOv >-v>Q r-i r-t rt rt *"* *** *H rtrtrtrt r~* r-t r-t r-t rt y-t^r-tr^r-lr^r^r^r-lT^ *-*■******-* "Tf1* nmt»H cs o CN rt CN rt cN Jan. Oct. Jan. ' Jan. 1 Oct. 'Jan. 1 Apr. July 1 Apr. [Apr. Oct. fDec. | Feb. [ May Oct. 3 rt t -S 3-Sg S,^| &tititi•§^« ' ~ © Ov Ov rt rl cn 00 00 00 vo Ov ■o vo in in VO VO NO in in in m *n o Ov Os Os Ov ON Ort j—i i/i *n Xr? f- r-l rt'rt" r-^ rf t* © Tt Ct tn CN o ■g 3 3 f ci* ~6 o to si *J to % o > O rU < < rt! <o Ph Q H, 0 X *0 ta o Z 4 m S3 8 & Ih O > a a w 4i ca a « « « *- £ Ih Ui Ih w H e S TJ c tn nj CO tken attoi attoi £t rt ^ c ca oo C o •8 3 O O rt Si Si a O O 2 3 3 — CJ 3 J2 ■-1 o o o o o A h O a < CQ CO CQ CC CC pq ca cc PQ CO tt Ui pa S u-l U w Q Ph o < Q H a pj Q CO O H-l a e CO o O z < PJ >-) m Eh PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 261 cNinvicnmvivoovONcn £} r^ Tt VO t- OV 2 2 ^ VC * Tt VO ON ® * VO ON >0 VO £ j i (A1 Cfl ■ rt W) CO W ] rt rt oo oo rt O oo ISO oo ! <»-T.^~- ^ <• cs oo rt a W—' CO M Hj, rt la S?„wS.UUWPj co cn Ov oo T)*6 .. ,.Hr k> oo oo cn oo ■r ' cj co .o -O J3 13 ° o o o o ck c-8C :k c-74 ck a-31 Creek eek c-8 Creek Creek Creek ulrush -84-14, ^ -W EBui EBui EBui Suick ickCr Buick Buick Buick :lair B ie 13-5 3 3 CQCQ << oNFA ta et al oNFA c West cWBu c West cWest c West HBSin c Charl P- Ph O O rt rt «« BESSES c,g XCJXCJUUCJOO^H HH HPHPjPjPjPjPjO g cc - oo -^C - M CN r**s „, 00 . -in a »rj cn rt 60 cfl a ^. . rt rt i _!. O — VcscncnooV-l m 3 4 t <? <* 4 °? °? Tj- o 3 n^rtcnrt (3 rt N CN CI t* ^ Tf O « £ ;i O *o £>->'->'-> t> 4-i rt *j « W WW Q <- <_. *-> uPhPhPh W o o o to s JSS C3 O O O Ills Pj' ♦j" . mo " rt Tf a was : c o ^ i o o 5 ICO CO „ c|t|c|E£E£z .'o'3 o o U O Ou rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt?? -ph£| J ^ Ph « a .a .3 &e^ 3<c CLi(-iPhPhP-i&ChCh( >> >* 5?taH - S & ? vn © Jy Jy A CN OV rt rt .EP ,D rt WSJM g. >. rt rt rt S S O O O 00 00 C1 rt rt [13 rt Z Z Z o o hw rt rt <3 t| Cfl Cfl Cfl ■" 'rt o .o _« o o rtrt £££ o oC CO H Z ol in 4 ""i" Ov < Tt < Tt Tt ON < w Tt H £ Tt a . S s i 32 a a vo «h!,vo •o vo Ov j« . i*1-? o x .94- 8,W -J-9, 5,94 £ £ < 4 CJ\ CQ H N.T "p. 84, R. N.T.S. 94-J Ph ON PJ cn 00 Z fit d a s ■s pj£: ON <n cs Ov W H Ph H 2 00 £ & H O 4 H z o\ h h h m cn tn <n ci ^ WTOvovOvOvOvovOVOvO OvOvONONONONOvOvOVOv Ov O cn m vo vo ON Ov Ov 1 e ^* ■*-*■ [H >• rt *h *i >> >-irt,OrtJi-»0<OrtJ rt to rt t-> PH r-, © rt (N vo vo vo ON Ov OV 00 © rt >n vo vo Ov ON Ov 003 ov o i-t t-i cn cn cn vo vo vo vo vo Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Tt VN - CN rt > _D JI IS *h rt 0 w rt n n s O "S S rt ■» " -1 < < o ■J; w rt Tt rt VO VO ON Ov CO CO ON OV 3 3 -o 3 rt « "-> i-» Ph •S pj S3 CJ pjP I 3 5 u X Si cj nu u P CO tt I 262 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 CO cj rt > o o o 3 P 3 o>o\ o>s "8 3 •S e o vo OV tt Ui pp. S w u w p Ph o 5? Q pj z o I—I 1/3 pa Q co Q HH P4 HH Hh co < O Q Z pj i-i m <: H =3 CJ z >> rt. o > 8 tn a ■M C2 3 o o J CJVC1 zY«s UPj £ 60 -V oo M^fi. 3t "-CHH VO °?S~* ci x.m'!1 is g<4-rt « ^ cn ov *d w « ca -a 5? o > o o fi-S !^.o .o £ o o o o o rt o s i i z c3 o o o +J o « rt rt « rt Ps Ph CU ►r A' , ? i ! ! ! 1 ! tn ta at 00 00 00 „ r cn cN »n *-y/-c>-v rt O M ►J o •M-6 u a 0 3 z ca >>>.>» .H>S sss oca ™ ooo Oj P IH IH Ih 3 3 3 u 3 o 3 3 3 WWW z I z c 3 P* o o CJ Pj pj Pj Pj ft 6 oo<? cs ci «°? OC O "O *a tj >>9 3 <$ PA, i-H .S to £j •o pT 3 » Tf 2 O P? CO H Z 3 ON f H z co H z H Z Hi t 5 H Z S 2 •o T< «M Tf O CJN rt5S ■ ON O 2£ CO . PJrt ■ cs H Z Zw - H !D PH Qo Z^ s's SfiS'S s «»j fi fi O "S "S « » Tf «> rH tM rt rtl «*J i^-a; o o K o .; 06" oT • o ZOO 00 W rt .J H-l <» oo „--»,„- ppj rt rt C*l Tf Tf •O CO •O CO VO C* On CT\ CJ. CT. ON©rtfNcnOvCrl 0*-«rtCNC"lcn©rttNCN in vo so so so m vo vo vo vo vo vo vo vo vo vo vo Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov OvOvOvOvOnOvOvOvOnOV Ov o cn cn t* Tt tn vo vo vo vo vo Oi Ov Ov Ov OV ITi 'Jan. 1 Apr. 1 Apr. 1 Jan. 1 Apr. 1 tCtnrtrtrtVO"rt IOT^rtrt?rtrtrj»rtrt.rtl $4 « «- e d * ri & S &-3 j? S 5 & ^rJ'rtJrsrtrt r^rtjrrtjjSTJrtrtir fAug. 7 j Feb. 15 pan. 1 | Apr. 1 1 Jan. 1 [ Oct. 1 Of rt CN rt a < cn i-H oo \D so \n Ov Ov Ov *-, < Ph rt Ov vo «ft Ov OV % M i4 1 3 s tn to to > St ? M o Crt T) O « <y Ph Ph Ph 1-3 cS CO CO PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 263 = rt o ^ •gw pq *-2 3 CS -J Tf . Pj ov H o. H H Z H Z S -3 9 a ! rt 3 rt JS* : H-> Hi Hi <l I Tf OO vo in ov Ov <pj X .3 1 oo ov o th cn cn a I t o Pj "S to co co tn tn • 3 3 3 3 k O O 0 O rt o o o o O O o o o O rt rt rt rt ft o o o o rt 2 rt ii-i H H IH IH H. ffi vj OUUUUU"o © CO co •5 rt pi o'C'S i-IHH .2 cj cj B S £ v-I rvi cn Tf vi vd t-' z z 264 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Table 11.—Number of Producing and Producible Wells at December 31, 19641 Field and Pool Oil Wells Producing Producible Natural-gas Wells Producing Producible Aitken Creek field—Gething Beatton River field—Halfway Beatton River West field—Bluesky-Gething . Beg field— B aldonnel — Halfway — Field totals.— Beg West field—Baldonnel Bernadet field—Bluesky-Gething Blueberry field— Dunlevy - Baldonnel Charlie Lake Mississippian - Field totals Blueberry East field— Baldonnel _ Mississippian _ Field totals Blueberry West field— Dunlevy _ — Baldonnel Field totals Boundary Lake field— Bluesky-Gething __ Gething — Dunlevy _ Baldonnel Boundary Lake Halfway _ Field totals Bubbles field—Baldonnel Buick Creek field— Dunlevy - Charlie Lake Field totals Buick Creek East field— Bluesky-Gething —. Dunlevy _ __ _ Field totals Buick Creek West field— Gething - Dunlevy — Dunlevy...— Baldonnel Halfway Field totals Bulrush field—Halfway _ Charlie Lake field—Gething Clarke Lake field—Slave Point..— Dawson Creek field—Cadotte _ Fort St. John field— Cadomin Baldonnel A — Baldonnel A/B Charlie Lake _ Halfway Belloy Belloy Field totals 19 19 218 5 223 5 10 8 19 19 247 7 254 11 11 22 15 1 16 16 17 17 34 13 13 13 18 1 19 11 13 23 i Each zone of a multiple completion is counted as a well. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 265 Table 11.—Number of Producing and Producible Wells at December 31, 19641—Continued Field and Pool Oil Wells Producing Producible Natural-gas Wells Producing Producible Fort St. John Airport field- Cadomin Baldonnel A.. Halfway . Field totals.. Fort St. John Southeast field- Cadomin Baldonnel A_ Halfway Belloy Field totals... Gundy Creek field— Baldonnel- Baldonnel/Charlie Lake- Field totals Halfway field— Baldonnel Halfway- Field totals- Highway field— Dunlevy- Baldonnel Mississippian. Field totals.. Jedney field— Gething . Baldonnel- Halfway Field totals- Jedney West field— Baldonnel Halfway Field totals.. ----- I --- -,- I — ~ i ~ Kobes-Townsend field— Dunlevy. Charlie Lake_. Halfway Mississippian.. Field totals- Kotcho Lake field—Slave Point- Laprise Creek field—Baldonnel Laprise Creek West field—Baldonnel Milligan Creek field—Halfway Montney field— Bluesky-Gething _ Charlie Lake Halfway Field totals.. Nig Creek field—Baldonnel.. Parkland field—Wabamun— 1 - 17 22 — 1 Peejay field—Halfway Peejay West field—Halfway Petitot River field—Slave Point. Red Creek field- Charlie Lake Halfway . 16 21 2 Field totals- Rigel field—Dunlevy._ Snyder Creek field—Dunlevy.. Stoddart field—Belloy Stoddart West field—Belloy Sunrise field—Cadotte Wildmint field—Halfway 13 18 12 2 18 1 2 1 8 15 — 3 I — 4 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 6 15 18 2 19 22 33 43 1 1 1 2 2 3 12 12 3 28" 35 1 2 — 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 18 2 2 28 1 2 1 3 1 i Each zone of a multiple completion is counted as a well. 266 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Table 11.—Number of Producing and Producible Wells at December 31 19641—Continued Field and Pool Oil Wells Natural- 5as Wells Producing Producible Producing Producible Willow field— 1 1 — 2 Ftelrl totals 1 1 1 _ 2 Other areas— r.nHnttft 21 ~2 ~i "26 1 "I _ 1 2 1 8 Gething . 1 9 1 27 1 6 1 Halfway ... 24 3 6 11 1 19 2 5 2 21 | 32 2 130 Tot R Is 332 1 404 226 494 1 Each zone of a multiple completion is counted as a well. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 267 ov cn VO VO r- c- S3 "t Ov Tt fr- r- cn cn ov rt o r^ Tt cn cn t* cn rt vOifi CN O^f-^ rH CNTt 00 cn vo Tt vo vo Tt cn o OO CN OV VO 00 Ov VO m vo in in CN 00 00 T-H m r- o vo OO rt r- Tt VO Ov >n Tt tn t~~ oo CA rt O VO so *n r- M OS m cn o WVOHfcsOOcnOvf-rtcn r-ioinvicMnoinrtNjf ^^•"l^i^. ov^mjj-vicj oo" t"- CS 00 rt r-^in in CN r^ CS C*l VO Ov CN VO C^ CO VO Ov O vo ■Jf vo O rt O t- rt VO CN CS 00 C- rt Tf in cn oo cn r- m cn cn m 00 rt OO cn cn vo ( in vn i CN oo I I- vo Tf VO as to HH o o Ph Q Z < tn O t-J >J pq Z ,-v O H O P Q O tt •- Ph 5 g ri § 0 o 1 w w Q I-I S3 H Z o CN W ►-j .5 cn cn ov cn i-t -* O c^ cn rt 00 f^ «S cn r- in ov o Tf rt r* oo" thcn vo o Ov cs cn oo oo vo ,_i ,_ t- t- vt cn vo rt in ♦-( VO nv Ov Ov cn Ov cn cn rt rt OV O Ov cn cn CN CO vo tn (VI t- vo GO Tt oo CN cn Tt O m vo cn vo Ov rt tN rn CS VO Tf ON CN in cn >n cn cn OO CN O CN Ov O cn rti Tt Tt in O oo vo cn cn VO rt Nt oo vo oo in O oo co cxTcnT f» r-t Tt r- cn t> as vo m Tt t> C3 Tt Oo"rt »-l Tt t- o O Os m cn cn ov --I m O rt in m CS oo m O Tt O CN Tt cs o cn in rt cN cn o rt 00 CS rt t- rt VO VO Tt rN O in SO VO 00 Ov r/j Tt 00 m CN Tt v, vn r- vo rn ON OV VO vn ryi 00 Tt no 00 Tt Tt so OO oo OQ m vo vo ro r;s m <o rtrt <-< cn O 00 Ov in ca o vo t^ vo'in cn cn r- ov o o vo ov vo cn rt CN rt CN O cn m 0O rt m cn OO Ov r^Ti- Tt CO cn cn cn vo vo Tt m vo Tt r- »-< tn cs t- rt vo Ov t- Tt Tf VO Tt t** rH TH in Tt VO 00 Ov CN rt VO Tt CN r-t CA rt in rt r^ oo Tf oo cn co cn o\ »n Tt rt rH <S t- CN CO vo rt oo rt o O CN m rt cn cn cn r-t OV 00 t— oo cn CN VO m oo m vo Ov 00 vo"r^ rt CN cn r-t r- Tt in co r- cn ov rt vo cn Tt r» rt. m cN OO v£) VO r^ vo'vn en ov r- *-t vo m rt cn cn in ^ m oo cn oo o cn tN. Tt cn rt rt in oo cn rt cn cn Tt i-t m vq o cN cn CN CS? CS Tt CN VO VO OVV9 VO CN Tt in Ov oo in <n r- o\ vo m c- vo cn o vo cn vo Tt o r-Tt vqcn vo"vo" o cn >nin cn 00 rt S hi ■As s 8.8* M to o o > > 0 o o £ JJ fi *3 cj S3 co MO hj cj cj w <mm .on n <2 *o cj « o «,3 rtrt rt g) HH & & *« •% b *» CJ 65 .£> [t. " ^ fe It. is «J J5 «M!lliJMi! pSS 3-3 o ™ o O Ih '3 3 mm rt"-» CJ «J C5 i- J3 O UPh 5 J. &~ rt CC I" 2 a «s c5^ i _ aj= rt o S!h J«l ffi « J. B rn « ^ ;- a s « ^ « cj .2f_rt.s| o j-mKm ■3 '57 'ST ra 13 .q SShS^^o < H 268 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 vo vo tN vo ir r- co oc cr> vo o Tt 00 cs m rt r- CO tT M VO CS Tt VO VO CO m o oo o m Ov OO CO ON CN O cn cn CO ov cn © Ov o vo fr- rt CO rt c- CO r-t Ov O CO VO O m cn i-H OO 3 in oo Tt co r- t- m vo VO vo CS cn cn vn Tf vo OO Tt © n. fr* oo vo m OV^OV vn oo vo m m m Tt o" r- tj Tt vo vo t> in Tt rt Tt in Tt Ov Tf Tt VO~rH t** Tt rt vo fr^cn O oo cn cn m o Ov Ov Ov co c r-^ O tN r^ m \o vo CO 3 fr- m cn 00 rn mTt Ov m r-t tn r-t oo m o H O CN cn --^ r- rn m Tt m rn (N as oo cn cs fr* CO CS Tt VO rt cn cn vo fr- m cn m vo vo" tH m Tt Tt CN CO vo o" © r- CS vo m <S Tt Tt rH CS rt vo" r-t m CO oc cn cN 00 00 m cs m oo VO rt in "tf m rn »n fr- O r* r- « O in m O vo rti m TJ" Tt © © © fr* m O oo o- OO r-l o oo tn vo CO O r-> m cc C* rt CO VO cs © Tt Tt Tt 5 cj CN m vq^ CN in cn CO © VO^ OvvOOCN CO Hi tn ov Tt o a Tt ov cn m cs ©"©" © vo" cn rJ Tt CO Ov" m"vo" ov oo vp" vo t*~ o" Tt Tt fr* Tt VO oo a m m cn e> o m vo cn r-i t— m o vo cn Ov CO CO cn Tt fr* CS CS CN m m *~1 rH rH r-t CN vn rH rt r-l "—■ t Tt rt cs cs fr* vo VO fr* — W 1—1 r- cn cn vn oc VO O CN rt o r- t- Tt cn Tt m cs fr* CN C- Tt Tt rt cn ri © vo "tf m r> r-t O O Ov CN VO CO vn rH Tt VO Ov O Ov O cn m CN 00 CN Ov VO VO Tt Vtb OJ^C 00 OV t> *H CN t- fr; Tt Tt Ov in Tt »-H in vn Ov^cS O vq ^t^ Tt VO > o CO o 00 OO vc r— o oo" CN CS VO"t-^ Tt VQ t- cn Tt Ov cn vo in (N rt Tt rt t*T\0 Ttf cn •-» m tJ o CN CN Tt cn t> ov vo m m i-t rt Tt vn CO m cs OO cn Tt in Tt © cs cs cn vo fr* cn m © © cs ts cn Tt rt CN rt in Ov VO m m t* r-t CS m cs r- vo in ^H as cn vo Ov m vo —. 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O V r- cn (N CN CO Tt CN cs r* cn oo rt rt cn 0s cv t> ov o ON O Tt O CN cn Ov m ? fr* fr* CS Tt fr- oo OV t* cn oo fr* vo in oo m «n i- vo m t> VO O Tt Tt m Tt OV_ rt O CN fr*^ m rn in cn vn a r- cn o fr* CN o Tt CN CN O tN vo VOTt © o tn cn vo oo"cn" Tt" in oo in m" CJ oo fr* vn vo r- VO Ov m m t- r^ Ov t* fr- fr* Tt CN tn ov © cn OV Ui tn m CN m m OV Ov OV fr* cn Tt rit-in Tt fr* m fr* cn i cn Ov cn Ov O cn Tt m vo m Tt r- Tt cn oo rH VO rt CO r* cs : (N CN © cn Tt CO OO vn Tt CN VO CS 00 co m VO CN "tf VO o VO -rt O t** Ov j OV CN Ov VO m oo CN CN m 00 r-t Ov fr* CS o "tf O fr* Tt cn ov m OQ 2 m fr* m IS cn ! rn CN in O vn fr* © o m oo cn vo Ov vo t*"c*" OV TT CN rt CO m r-t t- in j in i-t cS oo o fr* VO vn t*> CO o cs oo m Tt m < Tt Tt CO 1 Tt m in CN CN CS *h m O cN o vo <N VO rN sr ov oc in Tt r» cn 1 1 o o cn cn Cv cn ov rt tN CN CN Ov CN Ov rn rs Tt rt cn m Tt m m rn oo ov in 3 vo cn >, cn Tt t* m 9 cn 1 cn Tt O i Tt m © m VO Ov m o\ OV ©^CS fr* ko m vo 3 fr* m rs Tt CN cs 1 CN fr-Tt 1 r* CN Tt vn cn oo CS cn cn r*cn vo VO CN Tt o" CN Tt fr* C- ! r» p> CN rt m r-t m r- Ov Ov CS Tt CO rt CS fr* Hi "* Tf co i i i i i i 1 Tt fr- fr« CS CN cn O rH rt~ CO Tj O Tt VO o r- oo 00 OV r- oo" m fr* cn" Ov Ov oo" 00 rt Ov" OO Tt rn rt m m oo" r-t rn Tt TT tr O rt r-t m ^O rt o cs m vo Tf 00 m O r-t CN CS vo m cs cn O Ov Ov cn c vq.cn o\ cn r* in Oj© Tt VCJ.°i. Tt C5 "% fr*; fr* Tt (N rt ov ©_ (N Tt OV^ rt Tt i> vq © r-Tt-r oo" m" oc CS rHCn r^ oo r^ in" cn CO Tt" 33" Ov rtrt en oo in in in ov" oo" Ov" u O i-i 3 O m vj o cs CN cn vo CN oo m m rt cn Tt oo cs o cs Tt Ov CN rn O ca *-% Tt Tf 00 VO vn CS cs CN Tt .5 rt m Tt vn cc ov m cn VO rt"o" cn oo ^H oc © m •n" VO o vb~ VO Ov m OV Tt rn m Tt Tt "tf Ov Ov CO tN C VO 00 CN r- r- oo oo ov 30 t- fr- Ov vn VO VO CN m cn CO Tf r^ rn cn cn ov oo crt VO Tf CN fr- fr- CO vo C4 r- o oo m tN O cn ov cn 00 Tt cn OJ,© Ov Tt rt cs © vq cn CN B ■2 ■s a « 3 a Tt VO CN V£ ohm tN r- Tt © Ov o o VO CN Ov © *n Tf CO vo" Tt © c*" in cN cs" ov" Ov" *-t oo o rN m rt fr* TT ri vn rt CN cn rt m VO rH Tt VO rt tN m fr- cs ^ Ov cn m Ov CN w*> OO CO cs cs Tt "tf cn CN CO O o vn Ov fr- j IVO co cn CS o (N Tt fr* fr* Tt £3 Ov O fr* r* Ttf r-t CN Ov QO fr* VO O cn 5 vn o- cn rH in Tt CN cn t- O VO rH C- Ov ch cn rn VO fr* OV O O fr* rt o *h r^ CO Tt C ci°l. i m cn Ov m m Tt m fr- CN O cn cn t*;VO cn m ov vo fr* OO o CN Ih it nV O in c r^oo ! VO i-i cn O CN cn rt O cN cs cn m VO VO*" cn" © fr* fr* r-t 00 OV fr*" t- cn CN OV rH j cn i-i <\> m CN \o r- cs Ov rt O © Tt m rt (N vo Tt m Tt cn cn vo i CN C> o o_ cn cn T* TT CN rn m m m o~ vo c: O0 o OO r- Tt VO 00 tF cT O r^ ~^3~ fr* vo cn fr- Ov vo" VO OV VO VO rt Tf fr*" m cn On rt o ov cn i Ol ov cn cn Tt CN O tN r* © CS VO Tt fr- m ov cn cS cs fr* cn ov CN r-t IT O rH j tN O Ov Tt P* CN O rt fr* © fr* cn r* OO vo oo m fr fr* *1 2 m ov w-T rt T* in © ! in VO Tt in Ov in cn vo oo Tt Ov Ov oo Ov Ov ov vn co" om r— ov cn vo o fr* CN CN r-t cs ; cn cn rt fr- Tt CS 00 CN CN tn 00 OV m Tt o rH CS in m fr* in •tf cn m co CN fr* 3 r CS cs Tt m rt CS rH VO On Tt t^l 0C- CN Tt fr r-t r- in r-t 00 Ov ov Ov O Ov in ov Tt cn m fr* O rH rt ov rn CS in rt 00 o m CJv it* cn CO CN Ov m Tt OV © m rn vo VO Tt cs m fr- CN © cn m rn m cn 00 Tt M •tt vn T> cs VO C> O <-h rn Tt cn O Ov Ov fr* rt Ov CS CN Tt Ov*4* cs vo vo m CO •s Ph Tt 00 rn Ov O" rH© cn cn 00 O co" fr* m (N c\o Ov © cn cn CS fr* CS co vo Tt m o cs CN en »-h m c- CN oo t*- CN O CO CO rt Tf m rtCS CS Tt Ov CS Ov tJ VO r* O cs" rt in CN CN oT VO VD~ 00 Ov rA Tt "tf oo" m v cn ov in vo Ov O Tt rn CNTt VO cs VO © © cn o vo © so cn m in Ov Tt O m rt -t m m Tt cn CN vo CO m 1 r- CO ^- Ov cn m oo m Tt cn OV NOO C^ Tf rt Tt oo cn r-t OV c- o r- fr- cs m fr* OO oo fr* oo t* VO_ CS fr* vo *-t en cn Tt I rt Tt VC aCf- rn rn m o cn VO o vn o m cn CO CN VO Ov m i-t fr*" Tt fr*" cs vo en oo o 00 r^ OV o CS CN m rH vo t- cn m vo cn Ov CS <N vo m r^ CS OV© rH VO 00 H» m oo m CN 00 © r-t o cn cn Tt >n r-t en cS fr* 1 j i I ! 1 i ^0 c T C r i l j j "o ^ 9 \ C cj j Si | "3 o Ah ; ° Th P?? i Tj C 4 1 ■a T3 rt "a d totals. d—Bald i—Blues 4 't CJ c 3& tr C TJ ,st field- est field- ke field- TJ d totals . —Baldo: field— 0) M C TJ SJ i-1 wo tr B C T3 "S cq CO I *o Field totals _ ke Lake field—SI 'son Creek field— I o< cc — _ CJ B < 1 ta 3 Q TJ C Halfway Fiel West fiel ladet fieli CJ 3; c c ■a rt « « a vj 1 Fiel :berry Ba iberry W adary La Gething. H o T3 -rt CQ Fiel bles field k Creek Dunlevy Charlie ] Tj k Creek Bluesky- Dunlevy Fiel :k Creek Dunlevy Baldonn St. John Baldonn Baldonn Halfway Bellov.... Tj oo oo n o o o ^5 0 3 3 SJ SJ l- pT 3 '3 ,2 « Hi o CQ rara 5 CQ CQ xi CQ 3 CQ m OH PJ VO ON .-4 o O Ph Q Z < P CQ 2 O H U § o Oj Ph CO 1 HH != 3 5 H >J >-l S3 H Z o a HH n < PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 269 VO OC u- rt C D en 3 oc o- o in vo CA Ov cn CN vtOvC tf en Tf fr* oo en Tf vo o VO O Ov cs c Jv Tt vo O CN © ■n fr- ov m CN ^ Ov Tt i—i *t cn m ■ tf cn fr- in o vo ojo h Tt en r-t cn t H rt VO^ oo fr^in Tt O Tt 00 oo cn m "tf O Tt en vo rn n Ov vo CS ov rn fr* Tf rH CO rt OV Tf t n CN o" CN CO CO CN jv CN m rt O *t Tf Ov cn fr* © oo c jv m oo cn Tt in ov m m rH OS OV OO C jv rn vo fr- o cn tn ** CN CS CO cn Ov vo m tX> r-l r-t m \ o cn in o rt ov Ov 00 CO ^tf Tt OV Tt C n cn rn r-t CS n tvj cj in rH (N oo Tt 'Qin ' tf^ 00 rH Tt rt rH cs cs in Ttf" V 0 rt'o" ,-T rt" CN rt v o" Tt cs en" OV 1-1 *""* m m i-H r-l o m ^ vo Tt Tt o en Ttf fr- Ttf t— cn O en vo vo m vo t H OV in vo vo -, rt tN 00 fr* m co o r- c OV Tt fr* fr- C fv O o "tf oo m 0 Ov oo fr* m oo CN vo Tt en cn c rt vo fr- rt Tt rH 00 V D cn cn rt "tf cn Jv m m Ov Tf VO^ *"J CN in© t*^ i n vo o Tf vo Ov VO CS M © CO"oo" rH C 0 Ttf" "tf" Ort fr-" » rt o" Ov cs" tN oo"oo"inen" i n Tt"oo"ov r*o r*"r*" Tt" cn cn o ^ * —, Tt V, r-t Tf n cn Tt t> l-H CS Tt rH Tt VO CS i no hvoco cn rn tn D CS rt m rt cS CS V 0 vq cs cn 00 '-^ tN~ rH rt" oo vo cn © c * OO cn t*- © " 7\ r-< O ~~^ VO Tt © cs oo fr* m ( N \o en in i— vo Ov fr- vo r-t OV rt rt r 1 fr* fr* m vo r- 0 VO © vn 3 ri f rt Tf en fr* t *■ fr* cs oo m Ov cs m oo o^ovc^en c 3 © © vo^ >n ©^ N fr-- rH oo O Ov Ov Tt rt m o i h o vq oo Tf vo m in en CO ov cn" rt c 0 fr** fr* cn" fr*"vo" oCo as Osr-l © Tt Tt cs vo" t r-i rt m cs t ■*" Tf fr*~ oo m" o" TfTt" oC CS CS 00 VO c 3 CS CN rt Tt O r* ov vn rH cn m - fr- rt cS Tf en tn cn oo en i< n 'rlc?- cn" rt cs cs v 0 Tf rH en CN VO fr* VO r h so VO rH VO 0O 1 n Tf rt m 00 O CO o ov ov m c n vo o cS m o o vo vo o o cs vo c 3 00 CO r-t CA 00 ( N cn Tt fr- VO VO tN m ov ov oo c n cn fr* rn oo tN rn Tt m Ov cs m m c 3 C*; fr- © fr*;"tf < S m cn 00 r^ VO CO CN Tt fr* rt t *> cn ov m cs © ov m Tt Ov m in oo c >v vo" vo" inoTrt v o" CN CN "tf cn cn SO rn m tn ov r H 00 Cn CS -rf rH 5 VO CN Tt Tf vo Tf rt VO t> en fr* cS cS vo vo c o rn cn rH %ft 1 O m m rH CS m ov m cn fr* i cn t t nq CN rn i-i CN rt V D CS fr* cn Ttf t- fr- VO T vo CS Tf cn t t fr* r* m m m t n o cn Ov m ov ov c S CS VO VO fr- o Ov OV O0 *• m in CN VO VO i n cN CS "tf m vo "tf oo v S rt tN Tf rt VO co m vo Tt " t CN CN "tf cn cn c 3 cn "tf fr* Ov © co m t r oo vo fr- Tf vo ov in m fr* Ov Tf tn v >■» rn" CS 00 rt < S cn Tf fr* vo vo o vo c 3 Tt cn vo vo Ov fr* O 00 cS en «0 r-t t £ *** Ttf I n cn Tt p* cn cs oo ii n in rn cS rn Tt cn ■« t oo vO Tt rtrl C 1 n CS rt ^ r-1 rH fr* OV OO rt 1, n T-t m v o O ov ov" cN co cn O c n in rn co ov Tf cn fr* © cN vo cn © c n OV fr- v z> cn CN in Tf O rt O V 0 cn cn cn t-h cn O 00 Ov CN O CS O I n cn in c Jv C--rt oo rt Ov O CN C S fr* cn Ov cn m CS fr- Ov Tt © Tt fr- I i rH Tf I n fr* fr* "tf ov m rn cN c o cn Ov o co cn en vo en m oo oo i cn cn r* cn cn m o c S en rn cs o cS rn en cn ii i"l fr* -tf rH r-t t n ov co cn VO © CO fr* r h r- t— tn t n r-l fr* co O ri cn cN v D O oo o fr- fr- in © tn en ov vo rt t -t CN <N Tt tf en vo OV in ^- t* oo t cn rn Tr Tt t h r- oo cn a\ © Ov CN rt © cn cN o t * © ©^ Ov < Jv tqov in t CN Ov cn rH OV oo Tf en m oo tN ov " tf oo" oo" cs t N fri* T-T as en m cN fr* c O CO "tf Ov CN O en Ov en cn cn r* cn c O cn o m oo vo m fr* r * fr* cn oo cs cn cs vo cn ' tf CN c- r- oT CN rt b t in oo cs fr* fr* OV Tf t © r* vo "* c *• Tt 00 o c 0 m "tf Ov CS O tN r o fr* vo Ov cS en vo 1 VO iv r- rt Ov VO V 3 en O rn CO VO O © u -) »n oo o cN cn •nrt Tt^rH C s r*;^- T^ tf vo oo ■tf cn cs fr- cs ii I o oo en en CS oo" r- Tt" en c n, en "tf cs ( S tn Tt S cn Tt fr* oo r rv Tt rn ov m m 3 Tt cS en cn vo cn cn fr* Tt c jv cn m 00 rt VO VO CN "tf C cn i t Tt vo vo m CO CN rH 14 T m Ov rt i Ov fr* fr* cn v D Tt en c n rt r- Tf Tf T-t m T t NOiHHin VO CN 00 ov Tt vo cn " t Ov Ov *tf tf m cn CO r- cn in rn r * fr* CN o © o © fr* fr* CSOvC-Tt " t cn m © < 3 cn fr* o fr* i-H rt fr* C * o cn en vo t-h en cS *n en"tn ov cs r H f-~ r*" Tt" tf" oo m "tf" fr* © VO Ov f n o ov rn tN en Ov 00 fr* cn Tt fr- in r i tn m Tf vo CN Ov VO fr* V o ov cN in vo r-l CS cn i n Ov CO OO f cn t*. OMOtN i t m ov (N m n in cS fr- cn Tt fr* m vo fr* cN c o m en oo cn fr* en th Tt t- fr* in in i t en o Ttf cs s Ov m Tf cn m fr* Tf m fr* o r * vo o cn en rn 3 © Tt ©^ CN in Tf Tf 00 cn fr- oo co c o in cq in 00 » tN 00 Cn r-t Tf ov»h r*;eN c cs o cs CS VO VO rt t *• c-'in CN Tf tf OsOs Ov fr^OO in Tttn"rt"cs" e s fr*" fr*" o* in rn" CN CS Tt Tt Tf OV fr- I n en rn m oo in "tf in fr* cn co t t cn rn tt cs oo en i r» fr* Ov t*; CS rH fa T Tf Ov rH r-t in fr- rt - * o m m Tf tf Tf m oT m © in VO "tf Ov vo fa 1 O CN cn rH 00 00 tn rH asm fr* rn t n oo ov fr* rs N m in CO m fr* o cn rn vo ov t h in oo cn ov m rH 00 O «HHO < 3 CO rt o H N cn oo •^i.1*^. « o cN fr* m t t OO VO fr* VO Tf oo vo m fr*Tt in Tf , H t- CO VO" o 3 o o O CO Ov co m ov oo c Tv m en rn c- cs rH VO 00 Tt m © o i h tn Tt m en vn tN cn m m oo Tt oo c * vo rn Tt m cn rH CS cn r-t Tt V o TH OV o cn" CN r-t fa n m cs cn fr* (S Ov O C O CS Ov ,_, Tt fr* r* » rt O fr* 00 OV CO fr* co m r- tn t - fr* o m cn o m oo cn O Tt VO 00 C Jv cs en VO cn cs m -, r*- rn rt cn oo tN 00 O Tt Tf l ■* o © vo co in m co rt CN^Ov^ tN <qc« oven I *» tn ov TT Os^r-i I*; » it CN 00 in vo m tN o in o rn c 7v_ OvenTtrn *n ©"Ttinvi v D VO"fr*" Tt Q\ rH •* CSin © co" Tt T* Ov" cn© cn en < jv © Tt" o" vo" in i-H in f*" cs cs m m i n, cn t-h in ■h tN Ov —t CN rH cn Tf ov o cn fr* c ^ Ov CN Tf Os Tt mm oo cn ' tf cn fr* Ov fr-^ rt CS rt l n Tt cs cn ov rn r* in t S mo 00 rt OV 30 cn Ov O O vo ov rt in i H O CN Tf Ov ov N CN Ov Tt m © Ov en cs Tt 00 Ov OV ( S oo o CO Tt vo oo 7v OO Tf m o vo tN tN ( VO rH 00 t— fr* m r-l t n m rt vo © Ov^C*; r*\i>\ Ov oo CO oo fr- m o i ■h cs Tt m en m "tf en c*; O O OO VO V O r-l a\ o rn as Os N *tf" cn (A Tt Tt CS O Tf rt ( is Tt cn cs cn m cs in r*" m vo o Tt v rt Tt V J Tt rt vn rn cn O m cn CJ O cn ov fr- t 7v Ov tt fr* m cn m oo D © Ov Ov r-1 H r-t rH 1 n en oo cn •* r* rt O 1 1 c 13 •i B CQ ■3 CC ca eel 4 C t: t 4> WjI » 7c O 4, Ih tr jag 14 2 ,11 o fi ■O rt CJ a a o Ui . t; rt M tt 0 < E 1 cc 1 1 rt * 1 r « j 3 2 = h. ta c >v2 rt tn 1 1 X a o Tj Hi L QJ £ CC cj he rt - SS^ 00 a TJ c- PC C 1: 'tn . 1 s ic i o 3 ! <n £ le •o o Tj 1 S1 * i X 5 o Tj 1 13 «E o CC c •9 1 1 O Tj *o TJ n o 1 % ~ 1 o 4 CC t- 1 1 > 1 C c? & • ■|i 1 2 TJ "C D ^ B CC 3 * * C ( t "i C 5 1 , a. « { o 2 T3 a cc •o a a 1 a O r- o to rt I rt .22 270 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 "8 3 S o 4 OV co HH O o Ph O 5 < co a HH w PQ O I—I H O I Bj Ph co 3 hJ S H z o W H-l w 3 8 10,535,612 230,117 3,671,783 730,965 IT d © 00 rt ov Tf Ov_ f*"rt O0 VO m © m Tt" fr* CN Ov OV CO s* oT in in *tf Tt VO r- m o cn cj o Q CS CS Ov CS vo fr* vo fan H« © O en" in" en vo t*> rn tn oo ■rt Tf fr* m OO CN Tt fr*; vo" vo fr* on o" Ov o Ttf" > o en © Tt ov OO O fr* rt fr* rt rH cn fr*"ovf*"o" tn Tt co v4 en cs cs vq in fr* cn Ov m" fr- 00 Ov (N vo" fr* Ov cs" o o oo VO Tf ov vo m en cn rt t*. oo ov in eninvo" rn cS en ov m cn vo cn rH cn Ov" m m vn o" (N Ov m <N vo" vn m CN tn Tt cn" cn CJ CO CS VO VO CS Ov OO CO tN 3\ cq *"*_ ov Ov" VO" CN VO Tt © en 00 cs OV m cj vo" vo vo cs 00 cs" 3 Ov M a < cs cq OO cn Tt O rt \o vqen o tn" m Tt cn tn cs Tt Tf cn en cn ©^ oo 3 m cN i-i m vo fr* in vo oq t*; cj, in Ov vo o"fr* m rt ov cn m cS - m OV ©n en r- CN oo" fr-" fr- en fr*" vo CO fr-" q 2 CJ a 3 i-v *-h tN cn f- ov m o Tf ov *n cn vq CNO in rt" rt cs fr* m VO r^ .9 q rt 3 2 >v 2 in tn rH r-l "tf O CN "tf av,vqov,o fr*"r*"o in OV rt Tf CN © rH fr* VO en vo" vo CN © < fr* CN Ov 00 m oo o vo oo vqov© rn o" cn CS o cn m tn O en m Ttf vo Tf" r* Ih rt 2 r* fr* rn ov rt Tt VO Tf Tt © cs cq fr* r-l r-T cn" cs cn rn m OO "tf Tt en vq m" o in ri 43 o Ph m in oo vo Ov rn cs © ri tn m vo vo cs cs vo" rt CS OV 00 © CN m en CS cn fr*^ d rt >-* m <n cn fr* cn en cn ov TTOt-Brt r^ vo"r*"ov Tf cn cn fr* © cn rH m cq 00 © en" o 1 ■a i rt *d "o 1 CJ la tu T3 00 > c 3 ■a •3 CC rt H ■a ■c o « o i I T3 CO o H rt xi TJ o GO it rt to ii cj "- O TJ C 1 cc c 1 c c X 1- L E .S o Ch to a 3 o rt o Ih < c/ c h PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 271 "fr CO y H co H < H tn z o H U X a o rt Ph Q 5 < g jj 3 Q HJ o < 2 2 D w I-I « < H vo cn en cn VO Tf CN CA ©Tj- m ** ! cn VO Ttf © Tf 1 fr- Tt ! Tf ^- Tf Tf fr- CN Tf S cn ov i-i *3 i-H rH vocn ov ' Icq *tf Jt£ infr^rH Tf ! *» o oo cn m r* im t*> H Cn rt rH VO "l 1 irt VO rH © OO rt OO © "tf CN in t cn ^-cs o rn rt Tt vo r> fr* Oenoovo OvCNrHrt fr* tn cN in o O Ov VO so "* m '1 **1 "* " C3 <n cn cs rt r- "tf en ©Tt tn rt rH in i en cn ov in Q i ° ! © Tf Tf CS fr* o ov CS 00 Ov Os OVrH OOrtOTfCN CS rt fr* OO m rH CS fN rt © Tt OrHfr-m OvcnOvTt tt Ov 00 TtcnOvO_ ^^^i^l > oTcs" oo" ©Ov" vo CS 0 cn cs fr* fr- CS fr* en Z oo OV Tt CS ri VO rH VO OV CS fr* © Ov vn m vo en Tf O en -^ co cn m Tf ov cn Ov ov ooenTfcn CS rt Tt CO cn cn tt o CncnOCS TfCSrtrH o m th in cn oo ov cn ov O m vn © CS cn m ov rn tn rH VO © CS © in oo cn i-H Cn rt O OV rt cS Tf fr- VO rt OVTtCNOv 00 O CN VO © 00 Ov vo CO Tt enenfr-fr- TtcNoofr- a cn cn fr*" cn ri cn Tf o en cn in cn Tf r-i CO Ov Tt cn oC m vo -^ to 00 rH ov CS \o oo oo m m ^-rtrHTto 00 cn en oo 00 Ov t> Tf "tf CN vn 00 rH OV enenmov h/hpih < CS en in rtrt en ov CN CN o\ m cn m Ov cqcs oo fr* >n Tf cs fr* fr* 3 coenrHcnfr* enc*TtmTtf rt vo oocsoov r*ooovfr* m vo cn en r* fr- vtnOM fl CN CS m Tt © cn vo VO rt fr* in en fr- vo *-i Ov CN CS oo" tM rH CSOV oo m cn <S cSinmooo csmofr-vo VO 00 in t*- rt OV CN fr* O t~* "tf cn Ov en cnenmes Ttescncs s m cn fr* VO r- fr*"cs s en cn en cn vo vo •-» OV cqcs fr*" Tt rn Tf CS r-l rH CN ■4 CS VO 00 CN -rt oo i— cn vo OO 3 Ov cn "tf oc fr- Ov vo fr- >> 00 m cn en cs t*; ^- rH en rH rt VO CN V0"rH 2 r-i en vo cn cq cs cn © rH rn oo cn en cS oo t*- rt © in Ov | cs vo es m m tn ov in oo ovTtmo fr-ovTfoo cn oo en cn rt oe Tt rH vq-tf Pi vo fr* Tf fN Tf CN 3 I oo c- fr- fr* 1 Ov rn en 1 1 rH rH r* en oo ■tf rn m O ' Hrl en CN VO Tf cJ oo in fr* Tf oo rn en m m tN m t S Ov Tt Ov C fr- rH cn O CN CN in CJ nmor Tf CS VC^ "tf 3 OO" rt" Tf" Tt vo"cn1 tn cn a "tf CS CS Ov Ov c © © Ov in Tf CN rH OV oo es r- Ov in o © m 5 © rn m "tf c o ! "tf cn rn in cc en oo vo rn en r-« cn cs 1 Ov Tt in o vo es tn rn j cn cn fr* it "tf CN cn O 4 fr* rt VO -tf CS CN1 CS Ov es en m rn er tn rH Ph Ov r--tf OV cs r- en CN fr* VO m c o 1 cs Ov cs «n m cn m o m oo CS CS CN rt VO Tf tN I oo m co cn VO CS rt fr* cn vo vo VO cn en fr- C *t cS en Ov d Ov cn t— o CN CN rH rH rt CN CN cn Ov Ov en 00 CN i-» 1 ON ! ©Ttf cn" 1 i i u 1 TJ rJ a O o « ing montl Tionth's e S? S? 3 aft O o ^ c 0 a o 1 *? *H So ?> rt +-> X V e V Tj \ A C c c 2 u 1 X « C CJ o -g Ml .a = H. Tl X Hi X X g ■erated dur: erating at i pment foot itory outpc itory wildc Total foe 3 u a 3j 5s *-* "o "7 cohQC 0 v. C > •a •a CO 2 0 E 8 Cfl S n CC M - 01 XI c ■ o 2- 0 >> si o-" C « o o -§55 a CJ rt O CJ O 61 O O O O 00 „ cj S> 3 3 3 M fe a a s rt 3« CS u I ta tn 00 00 52 > p 1 X w X m *" c TJ o ft TJ C Ih ft •a 0 -. a. > < rt C ■a c •a o •a c Ih rt I < I o 3? 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S >J HH S tn rH fr* m co r*;vq r* CS en vq en" -tf in fr*" vo" i in VO Ph en m Ov Ov z m co m m cn in~ m Tf Ov rH fr- 00 o 1 Tf CN m fr* m m rn cn m SO VO S3 to en ri rt 3" rH Ttf" ©" in vo"vd" Ov £ "tf" in t* v—1 W H-l m < H CA !, ^ ' a cc 1 c C. s 3 rt | 1 .1 'll 'Eh Ih O H *j to O Ii a •" 0 s t O Cm X w o? ■a Cfl 1 3 c hM 31 rt V c t -: X c c t c t — 01 j a CJ Is a I rt o ca a « CO M Q - 0 ° I c J o C 73'C fl g "S w 2 OO a c rt tj wff PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 277 TT VO OV ct Ui u X Q O Pj Oh O H tt X X Pj H-l X tn a z < of a x a to < O i hJ Pj 5 H <1 CO O x H HJ 55 ►j o w u Ph O W 13 hJ HH S H z o W hJ M cs vo m m © 00 in rn 00 Tf m Ov r-1 00 t*-m cq 3 ©"cs cn ri m 00 0 H VO Ov r^ 00 Ov Tf Tt rt 00 CO in en cs co <V* vo" CS TH cn ¥b «- CN Tt Tf CS rn Ov Tf O Ov VO vo m o" m m m cs VO fr* o Ov n CO ov fr* 00 R CN O fr* 00 n en tfl- vw- in CN ii" en" v> Cfl- Ol rH VO fr* Ov © 00 Tf © Ttf CN > 00 © Tf Tf 00 r* o Ov CS en cs m c*" Z vo tH fr- rH GO vo fr*; CN tfl tfl- cq en €fl- «■ « VO CS TH (Jv © 00 oo m Tf rt VO OV © © cn rn Tf m o rt vo" Ov O Ov" Ov vo m fr* TH CO © 00 © tfl- &9- ©^ en" Cfl- _ &9- CV1 Tt CS 00 OV fr* en vo 00 in vo n fr* m oo CN vq en rt m cN oo" en" CS rH VO VO © 0\ Ov tfl- *fl- ov cs" «■ » CM VO Ov © en m CO VO CS rt 00 OV 00 M Tt CN © OV °\ vq 3 oo"en" vo en OV* < m ov fr* fr* © fr* tfl- tfl- °i cs" cs «■ £fl- M en rn O© o Tt CS rt •n n vo Ov >» vqvq fr*;©. fr* o\ 3 oC o" ©in" m m" H» © oo VO vo m Ov^fr* Cfl- tfl- r* cs «■ ©~ (fl- fr* o cl 00 Ov Ov fr* en "tf m vo Ov vo u fr* m rH Q Tt t*" VO Ttf en 3 Ov m in vo Ov H» 00 fr* w- &<* VO cs «■ fr-~ te- rH rs © c* o VO © m ov tN Ov inq VOrH OO E? 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Q u 3 -3 ,.s I .2 u CJ j3 a ca cj ^, "Pj .Si PjS •a rtS rt a O 6 CO 3 rt tH 8 cj Hi rt 0 ell rtrt cfl C rt OQ ri fi t a 5 u 282 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 vo ov CO w 2 w Z « Ph hJ o I Ui Q 5 Pj u CO cs w rtl B i3 M ',, hi U Crt O rt ll ^a9 «lS-aQ vjSSu bfi.rt 5 a tfirt^ Ih rtXJ litis uocu QJrt rt- *H , °+* A- 01 5° IH 3 CTO cj ~ P.CB >>CJ Hp< sis si OH l-l ■a a .a J3 E * rt CJ «^H ' p -a 3 , rt 2 .cfl ji rt W «Oa c-3-a a Safe, \S.g rtrt .- P- H.' rt rt o rt t- rt 41 1 Sail-2 5 S &,_7 o <3 o "3 rt tl S.BoS'. rt —q 3 M rt CO e ,H « o fill rt P rt >j | ft> | SOS?** ja 'a rt Wl e 3 S O 0 » rt * > U rt •£> sl .rt) ga .9 ? rt, jj # •ca^ ft jog . i! o"S « s a •-rt. till •a-;-}.- U •d ■3 3 3 rt rt u u 3-g <B'? O rt- II aS . a so u pi il ft 6 "> rt 2 f* O 3 u o a < •a P5 HH H •a LH o •3 -I Cfl g o 0 a o 3 2 m< 3 P5 a Z p U si'a x) rt ii S3 Inspection of Lode Mines, Placer Mines, and Quarries By J. W. Peck, Chief Inspector of Mines CONTENTS Fatal Accidents Fatal Accidents and Accidents Involving Loss of Time. Dangerous Occurrences Prosecutions Page 283 292 293 296 Blasting Certificate Suspensions 297 Explosives Used in Mines 297 Dust Control and Ventilation 297 Shiftboss Certificates 301 Mine Rescue, Safety, and First Aid 301 John T. Ryan Trophy 304 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association Trophy. 305 Safety Competition, Open-pit Mines and Quarries 305 FATAL ACCIDENTS During 1964 there were 15 fatal accidents connected with lode mines, placer mines, and quarries. This compares with the average for the past 10 years of 10.3. The following table shows the mines at which fatal accidents occurred during 1964, with comparative figures for 1963:— Mine or Place Location Number of Fatal Accidents 1964 1963 2 1 1 3 1 ' 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Cariboo Gold Quartz _ Cassiar Wells Cassiar _ Merritt . _ 2 1 Horn Silver , . Jedway _ „ — Jersey Keremeos Jedway Salmo Kimberley.-. Vananda 1 1 3 Totals 15 10 In addition to the above, three employees of Julian Mining Co. Ltd., Edward John Powell, Robin Dennis Gum, and John Scully, were presumed drowned when an aircraft on charter to the company crashed shortly after take-off into Trapper 283 284 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Lake in northwestern British Columbia. There were also three fatalities in three separate highway accidents, namely: Donald M. Edwards, of Sheep Creek Mines Limited; Ralph Critchlow, of Utica Mines Limited; and Dennis George Sullivan, of Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited. The following table classifies fatal accidents as to cause and location:— Cause Falls of rock Number 5 Location Underground. Underground. Surface. Explosives Run of muck _ 1 2 Vehicles 4 Surface. Haulage _ 1 Underground. Underground. Underground. Machine _ 1 Bad air 1 Total 15 A description of all fatal accidents follows. Cyril Alexander George, aged 47, married, and employed as a barman at the Sullivan mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, was instantly killed by a fall of rock on February 24, 1964, at about 10.35 a.m. The scene of the accident was in a drift near the collar of an old winze. This area had a width of about 25 feet but the roof had additional support of a concrete pillar 13 by 4 feet and 12 feet high, installed 20 years ago, parallel to and about 5 feet from one side of the drift. George and his partner had been instructed to bar down some loose near this concrete pillar, and they had completed this task and were preparing to leave the area when a quantity of rock, estimated at 3 tons, fell from the roof and struck the deceased. Medical help was obtained, but it was later determined that death would have been instantaneous and had been caused by multiple skull fractures, crushing chest injuries, and damage to numerous organs. Both workmen were experienced barmen. The foreman had also visited the working-place a short time previous to the accident, at which time the barring had been completed and the rock tested in his presence and thought secure. At the time of the rock-fall there was a loud report. A large crack in the concrete pillar was found after the accident and several cracks and slips were observed in the roof, which evidently were not visible before the accident. The area is in close proximity to a stope where a large pillar blast was detonated in January, 1964. This had produced some signs of pressure, and a number of rock bolts had been installed in the roof in the vicinity of the concrete pillar a few days before the accident. An inquest was held in Kimberley on March 12, 1964. The jury found no blame attached and that all precautions had been taken. Paul Robert Carlson, aged 34, married, and employed as a miner at the Cam- eron-McMynn Ltd. project at the Aurum mine of The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, was suffocated by a fall of ground at 9.25 a.m. on March 16, 1964. The scene of the accident was about 300 feet back from the face of the drift being driven by Cameron-McMynn Ltd. It was in this area that there had been a cave the previous shift of about 2 tons from the back and footwall side of the drift. The back of the drift here is supported by timbers, 6 feet apart, which are placed in bull-horns which had been set in the walls of the drift about 6 feet above the floor. When the cave occurred, the ground near the top of the footwall side of the drift also caved, thus allowing one of the bull-horns to drop out along with the timber it held. It was this caved area that Carlson and his partner were directed to repair. INSPECTION OF MINES 285 They had scaled down when the superintendent for Cameron-McMynn Ltd. arrived to inspect the area before he then proceeded to the face of the drift. The two men mucked out the caved rock and prepared to timber the area with standard posts and caps. Carlson was in the position of digging a hole for one of the posts when he was buried by a rock-fall, estimated at 8 tons. There was sufficient help nearby to start rescue operations at once, but it took 20 to 30 minutes to uncover Carlson. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration was then immediately applied and continued until the doctor arrived to pronounce death at about 10.15 a.m. Cause of death was later determined as due to suffocation. Investigation of the accident scene showed that a fault, dipping about 70 degrees away from the face, crossed the drift more or less at right angles. Any ground failure here could loosen the bull-horns used to hold the roof-supporting timbers. Standard post-and-cap timbering would probably have prevented the first fall of rock. An inquest was held at Wells on March 18, 1964. The jury found that death was accidental with no blame attached to anyone. John Frederick Armitage, aged 19, single, and employed as a helper at the concentrator of Jedway Iron Ore Limited, was suffocated when he became buried in a run of fine ore on April 17th at about 1.10 p.m. The accident occurred outside the concentrator, 190 feet to the north, where the No. 8 conveyor dumps rod-mill feed onto a stockpile and where the No. 10 conveyor moves this feed to the rod mill from a reclaiming tunnel under the stockpile. Armitage was last seen when talking to the mill operator at 1 p.m. Shortly after this the No. 10 conveyor ran empty, and the mill operator, on going to the mill door, was able to observe the stockpile and Armitage's hard hat lying outside the pile. He stopped the conveyor and hurried into the No. 10 reclaiming tunnel. There he saw Armitage's body trapped fairly upright in the chute which feeds the stockpile onto the tunnel conveyor. Help was summoned and rescue operations were begun immediately. On the surface it was found that a cone had developed in the stockpile leading down to the chute opening and that about 4 feet of fine material covered this opening where Armitage was trapped. It was 2.30 p.m. when his head was uncovered. Artificial respiration with the aid of oxygen was given until the doctor arrived at 5.15 p.m. to pronounce death. A later autopsy indicated death was the result of suffocation and occurred very quickly. The inquest jury found that death was accidental with no blame attached to any person. A rider was added as follows:— " 1. We recommend that a system be instituted immediately whereby all new employees are taken by a supervisor on a tour of the area where they are to be employed. This should also be done where an employee is transferred from one area to another. Special emphasis should be placed on hazardous areas and conditions. Young persons working in a mine for the first time should be especially told of the hazards that exist. " 2. The jury further recommends that all hazardous areas be clearly marked by large legible signs. " 3. The jury further recommends that an immediate start be made on the training of two or more competent mine-rescue squads. " The jury feels that the company should place all emphasis possible on safety at all times and at all levels from supervisors to labour." The Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act prohibits the working on a stockpile unless there are specific precautions. However, it is evident that Armitage did 286 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 climb up on the stockpile, possibly to check what feed was left above the chute, and then fell or was drawn into the chute opening. He had been warned against this practice by his fellow workman. He had been employed at the concentrator for one month previous to the accident. Ernest Retzlaff, aged 32, single, self-employed geologist, was asphyxiated some time after 4 p.m. in the East Matheson adit of the Wellington mine, near Retallack, on June 3, 1964. The Wellington mine adjoins the Slocan Charleston mine. The latter mine had been inactive for many years, while the last work in the Wellington mine was in the East Matheson adit in December, 1963. Retzlaff had been examining the Slocan Charleston mine and then made arrangements to enter the East Matheson adit with a view to taking samples and geological readings. On the day of the accident the watchman of the Wellington property accompanied Retzlaff to the portal of the East Matheson adit, which the deceased entered about 4 p.m., equipped with a miner's electric cap lamp. At 6 p.m. the watchman entered the portal a short distance and shouted, but on receiving no reply returned to surface. He remained there all night, and in the morning walked 2 miles to Retallack to phone the R.C.M.P. at New Denver. At 9 a.m. on June 4th two R.C.M.P. officers arrived and entered the adit but were forced by " bad air " to retreat. They then got in touch with the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources at Nelson, and rescue operations were arranged by the Inspector of Mines and the district Instructor. A mine-rescue squad was obtained from the Bluebell mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, at Riondel, and after being ferried across Kootenay Lake the squad was driven 35 miles to the mine. This rescue squad, captained by Ben Ramage, entered the East Matheson adit at 1.45 p.m. and returned with the body of the deceased at about 2 p.m. The East Matheson adit consists of several thousand feet of workings with no connection for natural ventilation other than at a point 250 feet from the portal. The mine-rescue squad reported the safety lamp went out 30 feet past this point, while the body was found 270 feet past where the lamp went out. The position of the deceased indicated he had slumped gently forward while proceeding into the mine. He was found face downward in about 8 inches of cold running water. Air samples were later taken by Department officials at the following points: (1) Where the safety lamp went out; (2) where the body was found; (3) at a point about 300 feet farther in the main drift past the body. The resulting assays were as follows:— Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Carbon Monoxide Methane (D- (2).. (3).. Per Cent 15.24 5.29 1.88 Per Cent 1.68 2.09 2.20 Per Cent 83.08 92.62 95.91 Per Cent Tr. Nil Nil Per Cent Nil Nil 0.01 It is apparent from these results that the oxygen content of the air dropped very sharply beyond the last point of natural ventilation. The reduction in oxygen content can be mainly attributed to the taking-up of oxygen by the water which flowed in abundance along the drift floor. An inquest was held at Kaslo on June 23, 1964. The jury returned a verdict of accidental death that was due to lack of oxygen. Michael Joseph Petrosky, aged 48, married, and employed as a miner at the Sullivan mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Lim- INSPECTION OF MINES 287 ited, received fatal head injuries when struck by a fall of rock at about 8 p.m. on June 16, 1964. Petrosky and a partner were in the process of completing the backfilling of a large stope with fill (called float) brought from the sink-float plant on the surface. This float was dumped down a raise near the top of the stope and spread by gravity throughout the stope, except that in the final stages a small tugger hoist and scraper were used to spread the float close to the hangingwall, which has a dip of about 40 degrees. On the day of the accident the anchor bolts holding the tail block for the scraper cable pulled out and the miners started barring a safe trail so as to reach the location of the anchor bolts, about 45 feet from the hoist. The back here was about 8 feet above the top of the float fill. Several large slabs were barred down by the miners. Petrosky had just barred down a slab and was further inspecting the back when another piece of rock fell, hitting him on the head and knocking him down. His partner immediately summoned help, but death must have happened quickly. The deceased was dead on arrival at the Kimberley hospital at 9.15 p.m., and a later autopsy disclosed a severely crushed skull with the brain visible through a large wound in the head. Cause of death was given as due to a crushed skull. The working-place had been visited by the shiftboss about three hours previous to the accident. Cracks were visible in the back at that time, and normal instructions to bar and check were given. Both miners were experienced men. The inquest was held on June 25, 1964. A verdict was returned of accidental death with no blame attached to anyone. The jury also recommended " that some safer method be adopted in backfilling stopes with float so that men will not have to enter these stopes." Patrick Maxwell Dwyer, aged 51, married, and employed as a mine foreman at the Dolly Varden operations of Sunshine Exploration Limited at Alice Arm, was presumed drowned when a vehicle he was driving left the mine road and plunged into the waters of the Kitsault River at the east end of the Kitsault River suspension bridge on July 7, 1964, at about 12.35 p.m. The accident happened near the old Torbit mine camp, which is 17 miles by road from Alice Arm. This camp is the base of operations, although most of the underground work was being done at the Wolf property, 2 miles by road farther upriver. There was one witness to the accident—the mine manager. He was at the west end of the suspension bridge when Dwyer passed over the bridge to proceed to his duties at the Wolf property. Dwyer was driving a 1957 Willys jeep station wagon. The road at the east end of the bridge makes a sharp turn and then parallels the river, and it was at this point Dwyer appeared to overturn his steering wheel because the left front wheel dropped over the edge of the road. He endeavoured to correct the wheels, but it was too late, and the vehicle dropped 70 feet to the river below. It appeared to bounce once on a rock knob in its descent, but the doors were not seen to open. A search party was organized, but neither the vehicle nor Dwyer was located. The Kitsault River below the suspension bridge follows a narrow and precipitous gorge in which the waters are fast and turbulent. A milky rock flour in the river obscures all visibility. The vehicle was located about the end of September, but no body was in the vehicle. No inquest has been held. Horst Tolksdorf, aged 22, single, and employed as a dumpman at the open-pit operations of Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited, was killed outright at about 7.30 p.m. on August 2, 1964, when a truck in which he was riding was backed over the edge of the waste dump to tumble about 850 feet. The assigned driver was 288 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 seriously injured, and thus the inquest was postponed until December 10, 1964, when he was able to give evidence. The truck involved was one of three hauling from a loading-shovel. The accident was discovered when a driver of one of the other trucks observed there was no dumpman at the dump. The dumpman, Tolksdorf, was found shortly after down the slope about 30 feet behind the truck. He was pronounced dead on site by the doctor who had been notified, with cause of death determined as due to multiple injuries in the form of fractures and soft-tissue damage. The assigned truck-driver was found between rocks about 15 feet from the right side of the truck, which was lying on its left side and facing uphill. He had internal injuries plus a broken leg, and these injuries necessitated flying him later to a Vancouver hospital. It was disclosed at the inquest that Tolksdorf was driving the truck at the time of the accident, with the assigned driver in the cab with him. The assigned driver had let him do this without authorization, on the stated reason that Tolksdorf wanted to be a truck-driver. Tolksdorf backed the truck to the edge of the dump in preparation to dump over the edge and apparently did not stop. There was no evidence that the truck failed in any way mechanically. The Department's Open Pit and Quarry Regulations require that a dumpman be on site for signalling purposes when material is dumped over a bank as in this case. The company's rules further stated if no dumpman was present, the material was to be dumped back from the edge of the dump and not over it. The inquest jury returned a verdict of accidental death and recommended " that all employees have knowledge of whereabouts of safety equipment, such as blankets and stretchers." Robert Cullen Richardson, aged 38, single, and employed as a truck-driver by Brynnor Mines Limited, was presumed drowned on September 8, 1964, at about 1 p.m. when a truck he was driving left the mine-to-mill road and plunged into Maggie Lake. Richardson's job at the time of the accident involved driving a Kenworth ore- hauler semi-trailer unit from the crushing plant at the mine to the concentrator at Toquart Bay, 8 miles away, and returning empty. The Kenworth units are large machines, which haul from 70 to 80 tons of iron ore. These units are controlled by air brakes and power steering and are inspected periodically by inspectors of the Department of Commercial Transport. The road to Toquart Bay is an excellent all-weather gravel road of very moderate grade, 25 to 30 feet wide throughout, and very well maintained. For topographical and safety reasons the loaded trucks travel on the left of the road. The trucks usually travel in convoys of three, and radio communication is maintained between both ends of the road. For about 2 miles the road skirts the northeast shore of Maggie Lake, and there are a number of curves varying from about 90 to 150 degrees. It was on one of these curves that the accident took place. On September 8th, Richardson was on the day shift, and at about 1 p.m. he left the crushing plant on his eighth trip of the shift with a loaded truck. He was the middle truck in a convoy of three trucks. It was a fine day and the trucks were spread apart somewhat to avoid driving in each other's dust. On arriving at the concentrator the other drivers noted Richardson's absence, and on investigation there were indications that a truck had left the road at one of the southernmost curves on Maggie Lake about 3 miles from the crushing plant. Management was informed, and the assistance of skin divers was obtained. They located the truck at the bottom of the lake about 150 feet from the shore and in 110 feet of water. There was no sign of Richardson's body. The cab doors were shut, but the windshield and door windows were smashed. Salvage operations were difficult, and it INSPECTION OF MINES 289 took a week, with the assistance of professional divers, to haul the truck out of the lake. Richardson was considered to be a good driver, was sober in his habits, and apparently in good health. There was no evidence of overtime working or excessive fatigue previous to the accident. On examining the ground after the accident it was found that the tire marks indicated that the driver had just begun to turn his vehicle into the curve but then continued straight ahead into the lake. The tire marks were quite " simple " with no indication of braking, skidding, or of the front wheels weaving. An examination of the truck after the accident indicated that the truck should have functioned normally with respect to brakes and steering. Other evidence indicated it was in good mechanical condition. No inquest has been held. W. E. Hendsbee, aged 30, married, and T. J. McAuley, aged 24, single, both employed as miners by Craigmont Mines Limited, were fatally injured by a fall of rock on September 8, 1964, sometime between 1.20 and 2 p.m. Both miners were working in a cut-and-fill stope approximately 100 feet long and 30 feet wide. On the day of the accident they were contending with loose ground at the brow of a raise leading to the level above. Some blasting had been done in this brow about 11 a.m., and the men returned to the scene about one hour later, presumably to do scaling in the vicinity of the blast. At about 2 p.m. the working-place was visited by the shiftboss, and he found both men lying on the muck pile partially covered by pieces of rock, and to all appearances life was extinct in both bodies. The shiftboss was able to pull McAuley's body clear of danger from further rock fall, but Hendsbee's body was pinned under heavy pieces of rock. Help was then obtained, and the bodies were transported to surface. Cause of death was later established as multiple injuries with severe crushing of the chests. The evidence available would indicate that the deceased were engaged in either scaling or examining the brow of the raise when the brow gave way to fall on them. Both men were experienced miners. The inquest jury returned a verdict of accidental death with no blame attached to anyone. A recommendation was added that there be closer supervision where the job is dangerous. Wesley Schneider, aged 42, married, and employed as a miner at the Jersey mine of Canadian Exploration Limited, was choked to death while operating a drilling-machine about 5.15 p.m., September 23, 1964. Schneider was working alone on the afternoon shift in the 72g stope. This stope is flat lying, 180 feet in length, and varies from 15 to 65 feet in width. The ore is removed by slusher to a scram drift at one end of the stope. Schneider received his instructions from the underground shifters' office at about 4.10 p.m. It would appear he then proceeded to the stope, drilled one 6'/i-foot hole in the back of the stope with a jackleg machine, and then started a second hole when the accident occurred. Schneider was apparently holding the jackleg with one hand while guiding the drill rod with his right hand, thus bringing his upper body in close contact with the drill rod. The bit had a tendency to run downwards while collaring, so Schneider may have been supporting the drill steel with his chest. A neck band made of waste rag, which Schneider was wearing, became attached to the rotating drill steel and caused death by strangulation. The deceased was found lying face downwards across the drill steel. The rock drill was set at about one-half throttle but was not running properly due to rotation being stopped. At about 5 p.m. an electrician entered the stope to repair Schneider's 20- horsepower electric slusher, which was about 110 feet from the scene of the accident. 290 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Around 6 p.m. the electrician finished his job, flashed a floodlight in the direction of Schneider and left the stoping area. The electrician heard a machine operating but saw or heard nothing unusual. At about 6.45 p.m. the shiftboss was making his regular rounds and came upon the scene. He summoned help from a nearby stope, and artificial respiration was started and kept up until the doctor arrived and pronounced death at about 8.30 p.m. The inquest was held in Salmo on October 1, 1964. A verdict of accidental death was returned with no blame attached to anyone. There was a recommendation " that the wearing of sweat bands at the mine be prohibited." John Roul McCormack, aged 22, single, and employed as a miner by Texada Mines Ltd., met sudden death at about 8.15 a.m. on October 27, 1964, at the foot of a raise when an ore train struck and overturned the raise skip against him. The accident took place in North Yellow Kid crosscut on the 2055 level about 70 feet from the junction with the Lake crosscut. The raise at this point extends to the 2270 sublevel, where the tugger hoist for the service skip is located. Just previous to the accident McCormack and his partner arranged for the skip to be lowered to the 2055 level and proceeded to load supplies. About this time the train crews on the level found it necessary to exchange locomotives, and one motorman backed his train, consisting of four Granby-type ore cars and a locomotive, into the North Yellow Kid crosscut. He saw two lights moving at the foot of the raise, and as he had sounded his bell and horn he assumed there was no danger. The train, however, struck the skip, which projected out into the haulageway, and overturned it on McCormack, who was nearby. McCormack was quickly released, but his injuries, such as broken ribs, sternum, and collar bone, and massive haemorrhages into the right and left pleural cavities, made death almost instantaneous. It was well known that the skip projected into the haulageway in the lowered position, but it is possible McCormack did not know this as he had been working in the area only a few days. All train crews had been instructed to have someone precede the train when backing into the North Yellow Kid crosscut. The coroner's jury attached no blame for the accident but recommended " to have a red flasher light on the train and one man walking ahead, also a sign to be placed by the skip." Since the accident a photo-electric cell has been mounted in the skipway above the 2055 level, and when the beam is broken by the descending skip, the cell activates a switch which turns on a string of red lights in the approach to this area. Leon Vern Reimche, aged 41, married, and employed as a miner at the Horn Silver mine of Utica Mines Ltd., was fatally injured as the result of a blasting accident which occurred at 1.30 a.m. on December 5, 1964. The accident took place near the face of a new adit which had been advanced 140 feet from the portal. Reimche and his partner had drilled a drift round and had loaded same with explosives and standard-type fuse (burning 40 seconds to the foot). Three hot wire lighters (burning rate 90 seconds each) were then ignited for spitting the fuse. One man split the fuse ends with a knife, while the other did the spitting with one of the lighters. These lighters burned out with still three holes to ignite. Reimche then made up a short fuse spitter, even though his partner suggested they leave. This spitter malfunctioned and Reimche proceeded to make another, with another warning from his partner that time was short. Shortly after this the partner informed Reimche he was leaving and advised him to do likewise. He reached a point about 25 feet from the face when a shot went off, knocking him down. He scrambled to his feet and ran to the surface with two more shots going off before he reached the portal. The shiftboss was outside, and he was able to J INSPECTION OF MINES 291 effect a rescue of Reimche just minutes after the last shot detonated. Reimche was still alive but bleeding freely from multiple wounds to the face, head, limbs, and body. He was semi-conscious but not coherent. He was given first aid, and within 12 minutes was in an ambulance on the way to the Penticton hospital. He died shortly after arrival at the hospital at 3.20 a.m., December 5, 1964. Cause of death was loss of blood from multiple injuries. His partner received several lacerations and minor bruises but was released from the hospital the following day. Reimche had many years' experience in mining and in rock and tunnel work. He was the lead miner as his partner was fairly inexperienced. The jury of the coroner's inquest found that Reimche died through misadventure with no blame attached to any other person. The jury recommended " the discontinuance of the use of spitters and that a better form of fuse lighting such as thermolite be used." Emery Ronald Branscombe, aged 61, married, and employed as a mill operator by Brynnor Mines Limited, was fatally injured at about 3.55 p.m. on December 10, 1964, when the vehicle in which he was riding was involved in a collision with an ore-haulage vehicle on the mine-to-mill road. At the time of the accident Branscombe was being transported by bus to his work at the mill. He was sitting in the front seat on the outside, with another passenger between him and the driver. No one else was in the vehicle. When the collision occurred, the driver received cuts and abrasions and the other passenger was knocked momentarily unconscious. The road from the crushing plant to the mill is a good all-weather gravel road of moderate grades and is 25 to 30 feet wide over most of its 8-mile length. In addition there are wide spaces or turnouts every half-mile or so for vehicles to pull off the road if required. However, where the accident took place, the road skirts the edge of Maggie Lake and the steep spur of a mountain, and at this point there are several rather sharp curves and the road narrows to 18 feet in places. The ore is hauled from the open-pit mine in Kenworth tractor-trailer bottom-dumping units weighing 55 tons empty with a capacity of 70 to 80 tons of iron ore. They usually travel in convoys of three. All vehicles travel on the left side of the road, so that the loaded haulers are on the opposite side of the road to the lake. The vehicles are all equipped with radio transmitter and receiver sets, so that they can communicate with each other and with a radio operator at the machine-shops. Posted rules gave the ore-haulers right-of-way, and drivers of other vehicles were required to pull into the turnouts on learning by radio of the proximity of the haulers. On the day of the accident the passenger bus (1-ton size) made radio contact at the mine end of the road (Mile 0) with the leading ore-hauler, which was then approaching Mile 6. Three other radio contacts were made as the vehicles approached each other, but there was lack of communication on the last contact, and the two vehicles met and collided on a curve in a narrow section of the road just beyond the 3-mile post. The truck struck the bus on the right side with its right bumper and pushed the bus backwards for about 80 feet. The front part of the bus was extensively damaged, especially the right side where Branscombe was sitting. He probably died instantly, as he was later found to have sustained multiple injuries including haemorrhages of the brain. The inquest jury did not assign blame but recommended " that all ore-haulers stop travelling in an opposite direction than the crew bus when the crew bus clears the crusher for the mill or the mill for the crusher and that a group of experienced personnel examine the right-of-way and control rules of Brynnor mine haul road and make their recommendations to Brynnor Mines Limited." J 292 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Robert Louis Gabel, aged 30, married, and employed as an open-pit foreman by Craigmont Mines Limited, died of asphyxia when buried in a run of ore of a stockpile on December 27, 1964, at about 6.15 p.m. The accident occurred at the coarse-ore stockpile, which is fed to the secondary crusher by a conveyor tunnel under the stockpile. Prior to the accident it was reported by the conveyor operator that one feeder into the tunnel under the stockpile was not functioning properly. This was probably because there was some freezing in the stockpile to 8° F. temperature. Gabel, the foreman, received the message, but presumably investigated whether it was necessary to send a bulldozer to break the stockpile loose, as was the practice. Customarily the stockpile is examined by walking the conveyor way which feeds the stockpile and looking down from the spill point where several arc lights give visibility for this purpose. However, Gabel must have climbed the stockpile to the perimeter of the draw point in question as he was seen by one witness at this point at approximately 6.15 p.m. Shortly after, the material under his feet caved or he may have slipped, to fall into the draw point to be trapped by fine muck. He was found here about 7 p.m. when a search was instituted for him. His head was uncovered and oral resuscitation applied, but to no avail. His body was recovered with some difficulty at 9.50 p.m. The inquest jury found no blame attached to anyone but recommended " safety signs be posted at all stockpiles and also in the control rooms warning of the dangers of climbing the stockpile. If the stockpile requires attention, the man must be accompanied by another person and have the proper safety equipment." FATAL ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS INVOLVING LOSS OF TIME Fifteen fatal accidents and 332 accidents involving a loss of time of over three days were reported to the Department. These were investigated and reported on by the Inspectors of Mines. The following three tables classify these accidents as to cause, occupation, and as to the parts of the body injured. The fourth table lists all fatal and compensable accidents which occurred in lode mines over a 10-year period and relates these accidents to the number of persons employed. Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to Cause Cause Atmosphere Explosives Falls of ground Falls of persons Lifting and handling material. Machinery and tools Transportation Miscellaneous Number of Percentage Accidents of Total 4 1.2 3 0.9 63 18.2 66 19.0 32 9.2 96 27.6 42 12.1 41 11.8 Totals 347 100.0 inspection of mines 293 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to the Occupation of Those Injured Occupation Underground— Chutemen ___ Haulagemen Miners - Helpers Timbermen Mechanics, electricians, etc. Miscellaneous Surface— Shops Mills Quarries Surface, general Totals Number of Accidents 4 12 120 22 16 30 23 5 12 4 99 347 Percentage of Total 1.2 3.5 34.6 6.3 4.6 8.6 6.6 1.4 3.5 1.2 28.5 100.0 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to the Parts of the Body Injured Lo cation Number of Accidents Head and neck 17 Eyes Trunk Upper extremities Lower extremities General 24 93 82 89 42 Totals 347 Percentage of Total 5.0 6.9 26.8 23.6 25.6 12.1 100.0 Compensable and Fatal Accidents Related to Men Employed Year Number of Accidents Number of Persons Employed Frequency per 1,000 Persons 1955 - _ 679 615 535 396 310 395 338 429 521 547 6,208 6,507 5,678 4,353 4,316 4,389 3,993 4,872 5,025 5,400 109 10« 94 } 957 94 19SR 91 1959 72 JOttl 90 1061 85 1967 88 196* 104 J 964 101 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES Twenty-four dangerous occurrences were reported as required by section 9 of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act and were investigated by the Inspectors of Mines. This compares with 13 reported for 1963. Of these occurrences, eight were connected with hoisting, four with explosives, three with trucks, two each with mine flooding, machinery, and fire, and one each with haulage, landslide, and gas. 294 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 On January 6, 1964, at the Sunro mine of Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd., a landslide destroyed surface installations as an aftermath of the flooding of the mine which occurred on December 5, 1963 {see Annual Report, 1963, p. 229). Events leading up to this incident and the subsequent recovery of the mine are described as follows:— The collapse of the crown pillar of B stope on December 5, 1963, into the bed of Jordan River allowed the water to pour through the mine workings and exit via the main adit portal approximately 500 feet lower in elevation. The river-bed opening became enlarged to rectangular dimensions of about 100 by 170 feet. Attempts were being made to seal the underground discharge outlets by dropping trees, brush, gravel, and, by means of helicopter, car bodies into the caved opening, when on January 6, 1964, the water-flow through the main adit (5100) level practically stopped. Shortly afterward streams of water poured over the surface above the portal and across the roadway for a distance of 800 feet south of the portal. Inasmuch as this surface area was principally gravel, it soon washed into Jordan River, taking with it the portal area, trestle, tracks, two locomotives, the concentrate loading shed and loading equipment, and a storage shed. It was estimated that a total of 500,000 cubic yards of gravel was washed into the river. An investigation on the surface showed the water welling up through a gravel deposit at a point about 1,700 feet from the portal. It would appear that the high velocity of the water in the tunnel had washed away the timbers supporting the back of the tunnel in the vicinity of a contact between gabbro and greenstone. The unsupported area commenced to cave and was washed out the portal. Subsequent caving extended up to bedrock, and thence up through gravel an approximate total vertical distance of 330 feet. The tunnel waters welled up out of this cave and over the hillside down to the portal. In order to protect the portal area, the water was diverted west into the river {see Fig. 19, p. 170). In mid-January an area approximately 1 acre in extent, about 300 feet north of the gravel break-through, commenced to slide toward the river. A continuous watch was kept of this area for approximately two weeks, and an alerting system was established to warn the residents of Jordan River community should a slide block the river. Fortunately the movement ceased without incident. It is believed that a combination of heavy winter rains and the blocking in the main adit, that caused the underground water to seek channels through the rock, was responsible for the movement. As attempts to block the water at the B stope exits were not successful, a berm and diversion channel were made in the river, above and west of the opening. This directed the normal flow of water back into the main river channel. Entry was gained to the underground workings by way of the 6000 level adit and the main ventilation raise. Pumps were installed in the mine and, as the level of the water lowered, concrete bulkheads were installed at the various entrances to B stope. A total of seven bulkheads was established, but this work was hampered on several occasions when heavy rains produced sufficiently high water-levels in the river to reflood the mine. The final bulkhead was completed early in May, and since that date the mill and crushing-plant areas on the 5100 level have been drained by pumping. Considerable amounts of gravel and muck were found to be deposited in the various drifts and in the float-cell and concentrate loading areas of the mill. Mill crews were employed excavating, cleaning, and drying the machinery and electrical equipment. A temporary access road to the 5100 level portal was made across the washed- out area, a new portal trestle was constructed, and the portal retimbered. The reopening of the 5100 adit commenced in July. As flooding had washed out all J INSPECTION OF MINES 295 track and timber, these were replaced as the clearing advanced. The gabbro- greenstone contact zone was reached early in September, but advance was delayed by extended caving immediately ahead of the actual break-through at 1,700 feet. Here considerable additional timbering was required. Advance across the breakthrough was accomplished with the aid of steel-rail spiling and close timbering. In addition, approximately 1,100 sacks of cement were used while pumping grout into the caved area. Early in January, 1965, the attempt to reopen the tunnel through the caved area was abandoned, and work was started on a by-pass on the east side of the adit. On January 26, 1964, at the Craigmont mine, the braking system on a cable belt conveyor, which lowers the ore from the open pit to a lower terminal, failed and a runaway occurred. The machinery in the upper control room was severely damaged, and some damage was sustained to the machinery of the coarse-ore stacker at the lower terminal. On January 30, 1964, at Western Mines Limited, Lynx mine, a small battery locomotive and a loaded muck car fell down the shaft from the lowest station level to the sump 49 feet below. The cage was not in place to receive the cars, and it was reported that the brake wheel on the locomotive jammed as the train approached the station. On February 2, 1964, at Bralorne, a fire of unkown origin totally destroyed the mine change-house and the central heating plant. On February 7, 1964, at the Britannia mine, the counterbalance weight in the No. 7 shaft became loose in its compartment and destroyed a number of manway landings while on descent as the cage was being hoisted. One of the guides which holds the counterbalance weight in position became dislodged due to corrosion and failure of the lag screws, and this allowed the weight to leave the guide path. On February 13, 1964, at the Reeves MacDonald mine, the muck skip in the No. 3 shaft was hoisted through the dump position to smash into the sheave-wheel. The protecting limit switch activated properly but not in time to overcome the speed of hoisting. On February 21, 1964, at the Cariboo Gold Quartz mine, two men suffered minor injuries from flying rock particles when an explosion occurred in or near a hole which was being drilled within the perimeter of a cut from a previous round. On February 28, 1964, at the Sullivan mine, two trains, of 40 cars each, collided head-on on surface near the portal of the 3700 level, causing extensive damage to the cars and locomotives but no injuries to the train crews. On March 1, 1964, at the Granduc mine, a geologist became ill underground as a result of breathing blasting fumes and smoke. In March at the Craigmont mine, a large landslide developed in the northwest corner of the open pit. The movement was gradual, but it was necessary to remove approximately 1,000,000 tons of waste in this area to bring the slide under control. On March 2, 1964, at the Jersey mine, a truck was backed into the surface ore-pass and became lodged in the raise a few feet below the dump. On March 12, 1964, at the Craigmont mine, a truck was damaged but the driver escaped when it was backed over a dump at the open-pit mine. On March 17, 1964, at the Texada mine, a skip of wet fine muck was dumped down the shaft from near the dump pocket on surface. A power failure occurred as the skip entered the dump track, and this necessitated the hoistman lowering the skip slowly. The dumping-door opened as he was doing so. On March 17, 1964, at the Texada mine, a loaded skip, on being released from the loading-pocket, descended to the shaft bottom instead of rising to the dump pocket. The hoist was a friction type and was on automatic control at the 296 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 time. The automatic weighing device at the loading-pocket had become out of adjustment, permitting an overload of at least 1.75 times normal. This excess loading forced the skip to move in a reverse position against the motor drive. On May 5, 1964, at the Craigmont mine, two trucks were extensively damaged when they collided head-on on a slippery open-pit roadway. On May 13, 1964, at the Cariboo Gold Quartz mine, several guides were torn out in the shaft when the worn shoe of the skip hooked into a guide. On June 2, 1964, at the underground placer mine of Wingdam & Lightning Creek Mining Co. Ltd., the workings were flooded for a period of 10 days when the pumps failed to handle the inflow of water which had increased due to the spring run-off. On June 4, 1964, at the Jedway mine, a large loading-shovel was extensively damaged when it ran away and went over a bank in the open-pit mine. A track pin sheared when the travel gear and safety dogs were not engaged. On June 17, 1964, at the Chataway Exploration Co. Ltd. property, a hole being diamond drilled from surface made a blowblack of undetermined gas for several hours. No gas was encountered in subsequent drilling. On August 4, 1964, at about 10.30 p.m., at the Texada mine, a fire occurred in the conveyor way which leads from the underground crushing-chamber to the bottom of the shaft. Dense black smoke hampered fire-fighting, but by constructing seals and by using water-hoses the fire was brought under control by 7 a.m. on August 5th. Gas masks were used. At 2.30 a.m. on August 5th a call was put through to the District Inspector of Mines for help, and this resulted in one mine- rescue team from Britannia and one from Tsable River coal mine being airlifted to the property, to arrive by 7 a.m. The fire was apparently caused by the heat of the belt slipping on the conveyor drive-pulley. About 200 feet of 30-inch-wide belting was burned. On September 30, 1964, at the H.B. mine, a mechanic developed lung oedema after inhaling excessive amounts of blasting fumes. A second man developed mild oedema following a rescue attempt. The explosive which caused the fumes was of the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil type. Excessive oxides of nitrogen were suspected as causing the lung oedema. On November 6, 1964, at the Cork Province mine, the muck slip was hoisted into the headframe on a failure of the limit switches. On December 16, 1964, at the Coast Copper mine, a small service skip fell down the 40-degree inclined shaft when the 75-foot % -inch-diameter cable attaching the service skip to the bottom of the main skip broke. The service skip had become stuck in the shaft on descent, and a kink developed in the connecting cable before the hoistman was notified. He was taking up the slack when the service skip broke free and gained sufficient momentum to snap the cable. On December 19, 1964, at the H.B. mine, four men were partially overcome by blasting fumes in a raise which had not been properly ventilated. PROSECUTIONS One prosecution was instituted under the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act, as follows:— The manager of Giant Explorations Ltd., being the manager and person in charge of operations at the Canam mine, was charged with unlawfully permitting a diesel locomotive to be operated underground contrary to a written order issued by the Inspector of Mines, under the provisions of section 7(2). The offence took place on November 12, 1964, and the hearing was held at Hope on December 4, 1964. The defendant pleaded guilty and was fined $100 and costs. INSPECTION OF MINES 297 BLASTING CERTIFICATE SUSPENSIONS There were violations of the provisions of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act in regard to the use of explosives and blasting procedure. Blasting certificates of three offenders were suspended in each case for a period of two months. The offenders were drilling in the location of blasted holes and returning too soon after a blast. One blaster also had his certificate suspended because of mental infirmity. EXPLOSIVES USED IN MINES The table below shows the quantities of explosives and ammonium nitrate used in mines and quarries (other than coal) in British Columbia in I960, 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1964:— 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 7,188,000 862,000 7,280,000 2,116,000 169,000 4,522,619 2,013,850 2,429,550 C1) 5,921,690 4,072,000 1,770,000 2,639,000 C1) 8,900,860 5,200,000 2,100,000 2,900,000 N.C.N. (C M. & S. Co., Ltd.)... 2,023,000 Ammonium nitrate 1,641,000 2,647,000 10,100,000 i Figures for 1962 and 1963 were included in the totals for ammonium nitrate. The quantity of all explosives used in 1964 increased over that used in 1963. The do-it-yourself explosive of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (AN/FO), first introduced in 1957, continued its rise in annual consumption. In 1961 and 1962 respectively, commercial forms of AN/FO, Amex II, and N.C.N, of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, were permitted underground and rapidly replaced standard explosives. One serious problem with AN/FO is in the packaging, as the oil in the explosive has a tendency to separate out either by migration or evaporation. Any decrease in the oil content may create excessive amounts of oxides of nitrogen fumes on detonation. Thus the use of AN/FO explosives is contingent on a permit being obtained from the Chief Inspector of Mines, Victoria. For those operators who wish to blend their own ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, written permission must be obtained from the Chief Inspector of Explosives, Ottawa. DUST CONTROL AND VENTILATION The dust and ventilation conditions at the different operations in the mining industry were surveyed by the Silicosis Control Inspectors of the Department. Excerpts from the report of the Senior Inspector, R. J. Craig, follow:— A total of 85 inspections of dust were made, as follows: 59 surveys were made at the operations of 42 underground mines, 10 surveys were made at the operations of 8 open-pit mines, 6 surveys were made at the operations of 4 rock quarries, 2 surveys were made at the operations of 1 limestone quarry, 4 surveys were made at the operations of 4 gravel pits, 2 surveys were made at the operations of 1 asbestos mine, and 2 surveys were made at the operations of 1 coal mine. In the underground and open-pit mines and also at the operations of diamond- drill and construction companies working in underground and open-pit mine, certificates of fitness for workmen who require a medical and X-ray examination before being allowed to work were checked against the payroll list to determine if the regulations pertaining to same were being carried out. No one is allowed to work in a dust-exposure occupation at these operations unless he has had a current medical examination. Air-sampling equipment. Left to right: Front—thermal precipitator, konimeter, midget impinger; rear—bulk air sampler with filters. Air-sampling equipment. Left to right: Front—air test vacuum bottle, sling psy- chrometer; back—gas detector, smoke tube unit, barometer, vane, anemometer, velometer, portable inclined draft gauge. INSPECTION OF MINES 299 Three different instruments were used for determining dust concentrations— the konimeter, the midget impinger, and the long running thermal precipitator. The konimeter was used for collecting rock-dust samples at the underground and open- pit mines and plants, at the rock and limestone quarries, and at crushing operations in gravel pits. The midget impinger was used to sample asbestos dust and fibre at the asbestos mine according to standards set by the Quebec asbestos industry. The long running thermal precipitator was used for sampling the coal dust in the coal mines according to standards set by the National Coal Board in Great Britain. Although all of these instruments give a dust count, the counts are related to the instrument used and cannot be related from one instrument to the other. Dust- emission measurements were also made on a coal-drier stock using a Whatman thimble filter and vacuum pump. The instruments were borrowed for this work. Determinations were made of the dust concentration in the atmosphere of underground mines, at dust-producing operations in the open pits and quarries, in crushing plants, dry-milling plants, and assay grinding-rooms. Measurements of the ventilation and observation of the conditions of exhaust systems and other measures relative to the prevention, suppression, and elimination of dust were made. Recommendations and advice were given for improvements which it was considered would help to lower the dust concentration. A summary of the conditions found follows:— 1. Eighty-five surveys of dust concentration were made at 61 mining operations during 1964. The surveys covered lode mines both underground and open pit, rock quarries and gravel pits, asbestos and coal mines. 2. For silica dust the figure of 300 particles per cc. as determined with the konimeter is used as a level of dust concentration that can be obtained under good conditions of ventilation and dust control. For asbestos dust, 5 million particles per cubic foot as obtained with the midget impinger is the accepted standard. For coal dust other than anthracite, 850 particles per cc. between 1 and 5 microns in size as measured with the thermal precipitator is the accepted standard. 3. Fifty-nine per cent of the surveys at drilling operations underground showed averages of less than 500 particles per cc One mine has standardized on the use of auxiliary blowers with ventube to reduce the dust concentration in development headings. It is hoped this will become standard practice at all of the mines. 4. At all other underground locations excluding drilling operations, the percentage of surveys with an average of 300 particles per cc. or less was 81 per cent. 5. In the crushing plants for underground ore, 58 per cent of the surveys showed an average dust concentration of less than 300 particles per cc All of the plants depend on exhaust systems to collect the dust. 6. In the open-pit mines the conditions found were as follows: At drilling operations in pit, 80 per cent of surveys less than 500 particles per cc; at all other operations in pit, 100 per cent of surveys less than 300 particles per cc; at crushing plants, 33 per cent of surveys less than 300 particles per cc 7. Eighty-seven per cent of the surveys made in assay grinding-rooms gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc 8. The following conditions were found in quarries and plants where structural materials are produced: At drilling operations, 70 per cent of surveys less than 500 particles per cc; at crushing and bagging operations, 56 per cent of surveys less than 300 particles per cc 9. Surveys of the conditions in the asbestos mill showed 81 per cent of the samples taken to be within the permissible limit of 5 million particles per cubic foot. 10. A survey of the dust conditions in the coal industry showed 86 per cent of the samples to be within the standard set by the National Coal Board. 300 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 11. Certificates of fitness were checked at the mines, and more than 96 per cent were found in good order. 12. Aluminum-powder prophylaxis as administered by Mclntyre Research Foundation has been dropped by most of the mines in British Columbia. It is being made available in a treatment room at one mine to those men who wish to take the powder. 13. Figure 28 is a graph showing the median of all the averages in various operations in the lode mines obtained each year since 1937. 2000 LEGEND 4' 1 i\ / 1 1 1 1 \ Stoper drilling Leyner drilling i / \ A All others underground — ——• ■. Crushing plants \ — \ r -1--1--1--1-O p e n pit crushing plants Assay grinding rooms 1500 DC i\ * i \ . A i I i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 v\ i / \ — U. i 1 \ i \ O — i \ _ si i \ / O i 1 i l \ / tr I \ ;\ I — UI i 1 \ / ' a i • i • * . * 1000 i >'. i ' ' / ' • " \ ' ' \ UI '•' H I \ : 1 _i — 1 1 '• 1 I 1 — i- V 1 tr — 1 1 1 •* l\ A " < I \ '» a _ 1 i A Ll. O 1 / 1 v i \ : \ • / . «r 1' \ \ \ V •1 i~ UI '/ \ • \ /\ V • | 500 r" * / \ f . / V V >. *■ _> i ^-v.V K\ Al/ Z — I v • ' . v ..' • • \ Vv \ *v/X_ \ \ . / \ V ^/\ (. 300 V \ V s / s. ss '-T+ V*- 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1937 40 45 50 55 60 YEAR Figure 28. Average dust counts obtained each year since 1937. INSPECTION OF MINES 301 SHIFTBOSS CERTIFICATES The Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act, as amended in March, 1960, requires that every person employed underground be under the daily supervision of an official who is the holder of a shiftboss certificate issued under this Act. An applicant for a shiftboss certificate is required to pass an examination on the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act and general safe working practices. He must have three years' practical experience or one year plus a degree in mining engineering. He must also be the holder of a mine-rescue certificate and a first-aid certificate. A fee of $5 is charged for the examination. The Board may grant provisional certificates under such conditions as the Board considers advisable. During 1964, 77 provisional certificates were issued, each good for two years from the date of issue. Examinations for permanent certificates were held in Nelson, Hope, Kimberley, Jordan River, Vancouver, Wells, Texada Mine, and Beaverdell. Twenty-two men received certificates, as follows:— Cert. No. Name Date Cert. No. Name Date 239 Andrew Burgess Mervin J. Schmidt. 20-1-64 5-2-64 25-2-64 25-2-64 25-2-64 25-2-64 25-2-64 25-2-64 9rt»-64 9-4-64 14-4-64 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 20-5-64 240 241 Edward William Croft 20-5-64 20-5-64 242 243 William Dexter McArthur Nicholas Kostiuk 20-5-64 20-5-64 244 20-5-64 245 George Walter Gilbert... 26-5-64 246 30-6-64 247 10-7-64 248 Anton Hlohovsky 14-9-64 249 16-9-64 MINE RESCUE, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID The promotion of mine rescue and first aid continued on a high level throughout 1964. Four mine-rescue stations were maintained, with an instructor qualified in mine rescue and first aid available at each station. Each station is equipped with sufficient self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus to maintain two mine-rescue teams of six men each should any emergency in nearby mines arise. There are also sets of mine-rescue equipment maintained at various mines, either on loan from the Department or owned by the mine. In 1964 Department-owned equipment totalled 55 McCaa two-hour apparatus and 38 Chemox 3A -hour apparatus, while that owned by mining companies totalled 54 McCaa's and 59 Chemox's. Each station also has auxiliary equipment, such as all-service masks, self-rescuers, gas-detectors, inhala- tors, and a complete set of first-aid equipment. The district instructor makes a periodic check of mine-rescue and first-aid equipment at mines in his district. The station at Nanaimo was re-established after the closure of the Cumberland station in 1963. It had been in existence from 1912 to 1951, but in 1963 the building was not found suitable and a mobile unit was purchased to operate from the Courthouse. Mine-rescue and first-aid classes were held at Texada, Coast Copper, Britannia, and Jedway Iron Ore mines. Help and advice were given to new mines in the district in the purchase of rescue equipment. The main emergency call in 1964 was to give assistance at the underground fire at the Texada mine {see Dangerous Occurrences). This was a commendable effort in that mine-rescue teams could be assembled from Tsable River and Britannia mines to arrive on site on such short notice. 302 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 The Kamloops station is a mobile unit which has operated from Kamloops since 1961. Service is given over a wide area in central British Columbia from the International Boundary to the Yukon border. Assistance in mine-rescue and first- aid training as well as inspection of equipment was given at Highland Bell, Pacific Silica, Bethlehem Copper, Craigmont, Bralorne, Cariboo Gold Quartz, Boss Mountain, Giant Mascot, Canam Copper, and Cassiar Asbestos mines. Special assistance was also given at the Peace River project as an aftermath of a methane explosion which occurred in one of the underground tunnels. The instructor travelled 9,800 miles by mine-rescue vehicle, 4,600 miles by private car, and 1,800 miles by aircraft during 1964. The Nelson station is also a mobile unit which services the West Kootenay area. Mine-rescue classes were held at the Bluebell, Canadian Exploration, and H.B. mines, and at Kaslo and Slocan. First-aid classes were also held at the above mines as well as at the Reeves MacDonald and Phoenix Copper mines. There was one emergency call for assistance, to recover the body of Ernest Retzlaff from the Wellington mine {see Fatal Accidents). Commendations are due the mine-rescue team from the Bluebell mine, which carried out the recovery operation in a safe and efficient manner. The mine-rescue station at Fernie is maintained principally to serve the coal mines in the area, but assistance in mine-rescue training is also given to personnel of the Sullivan and Mineral King mines. First-aid classes had a total of 53 persons. In addition, 10 men took the industrial first-aid course. There were no emergency calls during 1964 for the mine-rescue apparatus. A certificate of competency in mine-rescue work is granted to each man who takes the training course and passes the examination set by the Department. For those who fake a refresher course, a sticker is given for attachment to the certificate. All mine-rescue men are also entided to a hat emblem. In 1964, in addition to the regular teams in training, 158 men took the course and were granted certificates, as follows:— Certificate No. Name Where Trained Certificate No. Name Where Trained 3553 3554 3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565 3566 3567 3568 3569 3570 3571 3572 3573 3574 3575 3576 3577 3578 3579 3580 Frank Rice _ John F. Beyer Andrew J. Schmidt Guy Lokhorst Dale A. Harwood Merl J. Cloutier John T Graham — Dean C. Bell Peter J. Luttmer James MacDonald Pierre F. X. Mousset-Jones Elmer Eugene Garinger Allan Pearson John Bradley Burleson George Henry Adams Douglas Richard Karsten.. William Bell McGregor Marcel Louis Poisson William Sampson Roskilly Gordon Neil MacKenzie.... Edward William Craft Kolbein Birger Grothen. Donald Keith McBain Robert Louis Gabel Leonard T. Ricker Gary Kreller Mike P. Lipkewich LeRoy Wagner Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Bralorne. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Merritt. Merritt. Bralorne. Merritt. Merritt. 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 Ernest William Perry Larry Twerdun . Gordon Franklin Broad.... James Adrien Bertrand James Swain Edmund Nowacky Alexander Wilson John M. Mulvey Edmund J. Cops Ambrose A. Cashaback George Maurice Babet Nick Peter Hoodikoff Louis Szabo Dennis Ignace Wittner Robert Bernard Kuyten Wayne Murton Clark Bellingham Myrle Elsworth Logan.. Richard Lof strom James Hair McClung Bernhardt George Nord- koff Herbert Heinz..— Joseph Roland Foisy Anthony McNulty. William Dwernichuk Dennis Quarin Fred Harold Venzi Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Merritt. Beaverdell. Beaverdell. Beaverdell. Beaverdell. Beaverdell. Beaverdell. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Port McNeill. Michel. Michel. INSPECTION OF MINES 303 Certificate No. 3608 3609 3610 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 3632 3633 3634 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662 3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 Name Where Trained Certificate No. Ronald Rector Ermanno M. Lorenzi Isaac M. Hooper . Henry Carlyle Howell James A. E. Lovestrom.. Richard E. Linville James R. Innes Ralph L. Schelle George Osborne Reid H. Pollard George J. St. Germaine.. David Charles Miller Manfred Kluckert Earl G. Green. Roland Allen Lyle W. Hahermehl Joseph Hunyadi Arpad Fustos Paul Koochin Douglas R. McPhee. Walter H. Borth Clifford L. Bartlett Eli JmaifT William Chernenkoff... Clarence Thickett Charles Erith Smith— William Henry Pierre.. Fredrick Raleigh Gerald Mellquist Donald Legault Helmut Jaeckel Richard Leon Regan James Rozak Edward Wright William Swaren Dinko Devcic William Jones Harold Alexander Armour Keith G. Hughes William H. Miller Joseph Beer- William Morton Adamson Peter MacDonald James Ainsley Keith Gardner George William Preston.. Herbert K. Svenson Raymond J. DeCosse Kenneth James MacLean. Adolph Edward Stevens—. William Douglas Cowin_ Kenneth L. Kaldal Frank MacMillan John F. Webster Nick Kochan Dennis Venn William H. Barker Joseph Z. Kuzniakowski.. Donald E. Urie Tom Cloke Terry Cloghesy . Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Ashcroft. Ashcroft. Ashcroft. H.B. mine. H.B. mine. H.B. mine. H.B. mine. H.B. mine. H.B. mine. Slocan. Ashcroft. Ashcroft. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Blubber Bay. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Texada mine. Anaconda. Anaconda. Mine safety appliance. Anaconda. Anaconda. Portage Mountain Portage Mountain Portage Mountain Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Portage Mountain. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 Name Where Trained Bruno Lewinski Tapio E. Keinanen Gerald McPhillamey Paul Davison Wilfred W. Larmour W. Glenn Martin Larry McGinnis Svend Madson Arnie Gronningsater Harry B. Johnston— Hugh Grenier - Cornelius van Staalduinen James C. O'Rourke . John D. Bishop Douglas Coley Owen Edward Bradley.. Edward A. Lawrence..... William Boy dell Montgomery Tom S. Smith Ronald Stard . William van Staalduinen Lome Ernest Williams Allan P. Brooks William A. Mclnnes Lothar Heinz Fandrey Robert G. Pelletier George B. Nickerson Anthony Smandych Joseph Martin Mucha Reginald Charles Derbyshire. John Edward McGregor- Vincent James Ostir Vernon Edward Hills Oscar Andrew Johnson Charles Lind Harry Lauchlin MacPher- son Robert C. Brown Arthur Ross MacLanders John Andrew Coates Walter Leszczyszyn Adolph Raymond Siatecki Bruce Mayo William Douglas Lang Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Jedway Iron Ore. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Canadian Exploration. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cariboo Gold Quartz. Cominco. Cominco. Cominco. Cominco. Cominco. Cominco. Cominco. Kaslo. Kaslo. Kaslo. Kaslo. Bralorne Pioneer. Bralorne Pioneer. Bralorne Pioneer. Bralorne Pioneer. Bralorne Pioneer. The mine safety association in different centres of the Province, sponsored by the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources and aided by company officials, safety supervisors, Inspectors of Mines, and mine-rescue instructors, continued to promote mine-rescue, first-aid, and safety education in their respective districts. The Bridge River Valley Mine Safety Association held its 22nd annual competition at Bralorne on May 23, 1964. This was mainly a first-aid meet with events for juniors and seniors. The senior event was designed for spectator appeal in that 304 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 a large number of casualties were involved in which the injuries were well simulated. The event was won by a team captained by W. Thiessen. In the mine-rescue competition, two teams competed. The winning team was captained by M. Mitchell. The Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held its 50th annual competition in Cumberland on May 30, 1964. Three teams competed in the mine-rescue event—one each from Tsable River, Britannia, and Coast Copper mines. The winning team was from the Tsable River mine and was captained by W. High. The West Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its 18th annual competition at Nelson on June 6, 1964. Five teams took part in the mine-rescue event—two from the Bluebell mine and one each from the Canadian Exploration, H.B., and Phoenix Copper mines. A Bluebell team captained by B. Ramage took first place. The Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association held its 16th annual competition at Kamloops on June 13, 1964. Five teams took part in the mine- rescue event—one each from Craigmont, Bethlehem, Bralorne, Highland Bell, and Giant Mascot mines. The Craigmont team captained by G. Sutherland took first place. The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its 43rd annual competition at Kimberley on June 20, 1964. Five teams took part in the mine-rescue event— two from the Sullivan mine and one each from Fernie, Michel, and Toby Creek. A Sullivan team captained by C. Kinrade took first place. At all four preceding meets, competitions were held in first-aid as well as mine- rescue work. In these competitions, events were held for women and juniors. There were entries in these competitions from industries and organizations not necessarily connected with mining. The ninth Provincial mine-rescue competition was held at Kamloops on June 27, 1964. The winning teams from Cumberland, Nelson, Kamloops, and Kimberley competed for a trophy and silver trays. The event was won by the Sullivan team of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, captained by C. Kinrade. The team also won a silver cup which has been donated by the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers for annual competition for mine-rescue teams from metalliferous mines. In conjunction with this competition, the Workmen's Compensation Board sponsored the eighth Provincial men's first-aid competition, and teams competed which had won local events at Victoria, Cumberland, Kitimat, Kamloops, Vancouver, Kimberley, and Nelson. The winning team was the Sullivan mine team from Kimberley captained by R. Chatterson. JOHN T. RYAN TROPHY The John T. Ryan safety trophies were set up in 1941 to promote safety in coal and metal mines. Administration of the awards is by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In 1963 the first major changes in the competition rules were made in that it was required of metalliferous mines that sufficient calendar years be submitted by each entering mine to complete 1,000,000 man-hours. In 1964 the Regional Trophy for metalliferous mines was won by the H.B. mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, with an accident frequency of 4.1. This is the fourth year in a row for this mine to win the award. The fine showing in 1964 placed the mine second among the mines in Canada in the competition for the Dominion Trophy. In coal-mining the Michel Colliery of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited won the Dominion Ryan Trophy as well as the Regional Trophy. This is noteworthy, as it is the third time in the history of the competition that the Dominion Trophy has come to British Columbia and the second time to the Michel Colliery. INSPECTION OF MINES 305 WEST KOOTENAY MINE SAFETY ASSOCIATION TROPHY The West Kootenay Mine Safety Association in 1951 donated a safety trophy for annual competition in order to encourage and promote safety in small mines. At first the trophy was restricted to mines in the West Kootenay area, but in 1956 this restriction was removed. The award is made to the mine having the lowest accident rate and working a total of from 2,500 to 30,000 shifts per year, one-third of these having been worked underground. An accident is taken as one which involved more than three days' loss of time. In 1964 the award was won by the H.B. mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, with an accident frequency of 4.1. SAFETY COMPETITION, OPEN-PIT MINES AND QUARRIES In 1961 the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources instituted a safety competition for the open-pit and quarry industry and put up awards and a trophy for annual competition. The trophy is awarded to the operation having worked a minimum of 75,000 man-hours in the year and having the lowest number of compensable injuries per million man-hours of exposure. For those operations which amass over 15,000 man-hours ending in the competition year, certificates of achievement are given when no compensable accidents occur during this period. In 1964 the trophy was won by the Mary Hill sand and gravel quarry of Ocean Cement Limited, with an injury frequency of 8.5 per million man-hours. Six quarries received certificates of achievement, as follows: Cobble Hill quarry of the B.C. Cement division of Ocean Cement Limited, Abbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd., Blackham's Construction Ltd., Clayburn-Harbison Ltd., Highland Sand and Gravel quarry of Ocean Cement Limited, and Imperial Limestone Co. Ltd. 13 Coal By Robert B. Bonar, Deputy Chief Inspector of Mines CONTENTS Page Production 306 Labour and Employment 310 Competition from Coal Produced outside of British Columbia 310 Accidents in and around Coal Mines 310 Explosives 313 Machine-mined Coal 313 Safety Lamps 313 Electricity 314 Inspection Committees 314 Coal Dust 314 Diesel Locomotives 314 Millisecond Delay Detonators 314 Dangerous Occurrences 315 Bumps and Outbursts 315 Prosecutions 315 Supervision of Coal Mines 315 Board of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials 315 Notes on Coal-mines 316 Vancouver Island Inspection District 316 East Kootenay Inspection District 318 Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 325 Northern Inspection District 325 PRODUCTION The gross output in short tons of the coal mines of the Province for 1964 was 1,121,487 tons, an increase of 155,678 tons or 16.1 per cent over 1963. A total of 160,488 tons came from strip mines at Michel Colliery and Coleman Collieries. The Vancouver Island District production was 64,390 tons, a decrease of 11,305 tons or 14.9 per cent from 1963. There were no operating mines in the Nicola-Princeton District during 1964. The Northern District production was 6,811 tons, an increase of 60 tons or 0.8 per cent over 1963. The East Kootenay District production was 1,050,286 tons, an increase of 166,983 tons or 18.9 per cent over 1963. 306 COAL Output and per Capita Production, 1964 307 Colliery and Mine Dm-h 2 ■ETi-1 C 3 3 O 0"°H tnXi^ tn Hi u o a cs u-r-l Hi T3 U O z >, Pi p II ft Ho II •awS 3 O Oo, .&J! "a ■aw a T3 a «y W 3 o a> o g a-o age ZBP I 1 -■afi a oC Ota>> hO auft rt H g Yearly Output per Underground Employee (Tons) 62,943 704 225 314 204 6,761 50 889,798 89,437 71,051 251 185 123 95 116 150 11 230 230 88 2 1 2 1 11 1 583 14 10 2.85 1.90 1.83 1.65 1.76 4.09 4.54 6.63 27.77 715 352 225 157 204 614 50 1,526 6,388 63 2 1 2 1 8 1 368 3.98 1.90 1.83 1.65 1.76 5.63 4.54 10.51 999 352 225 Lewis No. 2 mine (Timberlands) Undun No. 4 mine— 157 204 845 Gething No. 3 mine 50 2,418 District Output and Per Capita Production, Underground Mines, 1964 District Gross Output Mined during Year (Tons) Total Number of Employees at Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Employee (Tons) Number of Men Employed Underground in Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Underground Employee (Tons) 64,390 6,811 889,798 94 12 583 685 567 1,526 69 9 368 933 757 2,418 960,999 689 1,395 446 2,155 Output per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1955-64 Year Man-shiftsi Tonnage Average per Man-shift (Tons) 19« 304,139 307,821 226,536 204,148 171,608 210,254 213,962 160,418 170,287 158,638 1,157,813 1,100,434 945,848 728,722 646,788 766,581 877,085 805,051 866,481 960,999 3.86 1<K« 3.57 1957 4.17 10« 3 56 10S0 3.77 19«n 3 66 lOfil 4.10 1<*f? 502 10K1 5.09 1964 6.05 i Includes both surface and underground workers. 308 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 tn Z o H H Pt O x tn to H y 3 H co M D Z < co W 2 w -J ►J o U >■ a z" g H X B i—i a z < z o H CJ 13 Q O tt Ph VD OS B 5 o U K co m (-. o co w HH w l-H hJ 1-1 o U o,9 o g g 0*3 co o cn th o Ov t- cn tn cA 5 u vW m -TI- Tf mONho o\ t- cs to rvi OV l> CN CO CN <n 00 tn oo" fN OO m CO 1 N cc CO oo' W*l H«. < 1.1* II § O* SOD d to w-x o 31s OJ o. Z3 O C3 63 Z* * 5 o o, co ^ >n ^- -*t TfOtSHO Ov t- CS CO ts co tt m Tf «* r-J -s ro CO Os 00 '""' r-i rS Tf Tf 1— r- ,_, r- in Oi vo oo Cv vf) us in m m 1-1 *H vn r- in O ,H 1-1 hh * tf x 3 a 2.6 1 led 3 o a u 2 H Z O -7 •§•-1 3 * a o o e B a a a « ,9-5 g £ u s I t! *. 5 5 &m Z Z | o' . >Z^ 3 <-> no .2 r<? § ft Z £? O to -a £ Oh b Z o »o o J!~ ' 1 a _ .9 U 3 4- - H 0 5& 8.2 Z3 ^ o ."0 §■3 u Si COAL 309 CO H 0 3 H CO Ii u « o 3a oB HB . 00 d rH (s» r-i . rn c-t r-t cl -h PQ Q Z < co s 3 w ►j o O M Z o H oq 3 H co Q W O H Ph w 3 ON < B HH O u K CO Ph m Ph o co HJ 3 w HH HH HH O u rt*D I a go §••0 mi .5 2 i I H~ < . Ph rH ! rH ! i Z 310 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Coal-preparation Plants In addition to the fine-coal cleaning plant built in 1962, a new 40-ton-per-hour flotation plant was put into operation in April, 1964, at Michel Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited. Further details of this plant are given under Michel Colliery notes, East Kootenay District, by Inspector D. R. Morgan. A Drummond wet scrubber was installed at the Michel Colliery fine cleaning plant in August, 1964, to reduce the dust pollution arising from the exhaust gases from the fine-coal drier. A battery of six corrugated-steel silo bins was also erected in 1964 at Michel Colliery, adjacent to the coal-preparation plant, to provide surge and blending facilities at the plant. Coke-making Coke is made at only one plant in the Province, that of the Michel Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT In 1964, 713 persons were employed in and about the coal mines of the Province, a decrease of 35 from 1963. Because of the five-day week in force throughout the Province and the legal holidays, the maximum number of working-days at the larger mines was 242. In the Vancouver Island District the Tsable River mine worked 251 days. In the East Kootenay District the Michel Colliery worked 230 days. COMPETITION FROM COAL PRODUCED OUTSIDE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA In 1964 the shipment of Alberta coal, briquettes, and char to British Columbia totalled 261,990, 4,648, and 5,552 tons respectively. The following table shows the amount of Alberta coal brought into British Columbia during the past 10 years:— Year Short Tons Year Short Tons 1955 932,764 1960 379,668 1956 860,329 1961 321,909 1957 672,527 1962 283,651 1958 532,911 1963 262,433 1959 437,118 1964 261,990 Of the 704,532 tons of British Columbia coal marketed, 164,073 tons was sold for domestic and industrial use in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario; 2,055 tons was exported to the United States; and 393,491 tons was exported to Japan. The amount sold for domestic and industrial use in the Province was 144,913 tons. ACCIDENTS IN AND AROUND COAL MINES In 1964 there were two fatal accidents, as compared with one in 1963. The number of fatal accidents per 1,000 persons (underground and strip-mine personnel) employed was 2.80, compared with 1.33 in 1963, 0.00 in 1962, 6.37 in 1961, 0.00 in 1960, 1.89 in 1959, 0.00 in 1958, 1.45 in 1957, 4.39 in 1956, and 3.38 in 1955. The number of fatal accidents per 1,000,000 gross tons of coal (underground and strip mine coal) produced was 1.71, compared with 1.03 in 1963. COAL 311 The following tables classify the accidents in coal mines in 1964:— Accidents Classified as to Occupation Occupation Underground— Miners . Number of Accidents 38 Percentage of Accidents 28.37 Drillers and facemen . 24 17.91 Haulage and conveyor men Trackmen and mechanics 24 7 17.91 5.22 Supervisors Timbermen Coal-cutters - — - - 7 5 2 5.22 3.73 1.49 Miscellaneous Surface— Shops _ _ - 7 7 5.22 5.22 Surface Preparation and coke-ovens Miscellaneous 4 7 2 134 3.00 5.22 1.49 Totals 100.00 Accidents Classified as to Cause Number of Accidents Cause Fall of ground Fall of material and flying material Lifting and handling equipment and material Machinery and tools Slipped and tripped Falling off staging and platforms Miscellaneous Totals 26 7 34 24 34 4 5 134 Percentage of Accidents 19.40 5.22 25.37 17.91 25.37 3.00 3.73 100.00 Injury Head and neck Eyes Trunk Back Arms Hands and fingers Legs Feet Toes Accidents Classified as to Injury Number of Percentage of Accidents Accidents 10 7.47 2 1.49 28 20.90 18 13.44 4 3.00 16 11.91 48 35.82 6 4.48 2 1.49 Totals 134 100.00 312 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Compensable1 Accidents, Including Fatal Accidents Related to Tons Mined and Men Employed in and about Coal Mines Year Number of Accidents Number of Persons Employed Frequency per 1,000 Persons Tons Mined (Gross) Tons Mined per Accident 1955 .. 372 385 340 214 189 235 219 134 135 134 1,478 1,366 1,380 1,086 1,056 1,182 942 776 748 713 252 282 246 197 179 198 232 173 180 188 1,484,066 1,589,398 1,221,766 882,962 757,628 844,500 1,018,832 912,837 965,809 1,121,487 3,989 4,129 3,593 4,126 4,009 3,593 4,652 1956 1957 _.. .. . ... 1958 1959 1960 . . 1961. _ 1962 .... _ 1963 , 1964 _ 6,812 7,154 8,369 i Compensable accident means an injury causing a loss of more than four days' work. In 1963* there was one fatal accident, which occurred underground, at the mines in the Province. Gino Berdusco, aged 48, married, and employed as a car-dumper, Michel Colliery, was fatally injured when he was crushed between a mine car and the rotary dump on the surface at about 12.40 p.m. on February 6, 1963. The dumping crew had lowered a trip of 70 mine cars from the portal on a slight downgrade toward the rotary dump, but due to the wet condition of the rails the sprags failed to stop the trip in time and the two front cars of the trip passed through the rotary dump. Berdusco and two other men attempted to uncouple the two cars by means of a tugger hoist and rope. One car was released, and Berdusco was in the act of attaching the rope to the coupling of the second car when apparently due to a misunderstanding two motormen at the other end of the trip started to pull the trip back with their motors in tandem. Berdusco was crushed between the car and the end of the rotary dump. In 1964 there were two fatal accidents at the mines in the Province, one of which occurred underground and one on the surface. Thomas J. Bates, aged 43, married, and employed as a miner at the Tsable River mine, Comox Mining Company Limited, was fatally injured when struck by coal slufnng off a pillar on January 30, 1964, at about 3.30 a.m. The deceased and two other miners were engaged in mining out a small pillar of coal on the right side of a pan conveyor in a pillar extraction area when a considerable amount of coal shifted off the pillar and struck Bates and pushed him against the conveyor, fatally injuring him. Brian Bernardo, aged 21, single, and employed as a surface labourer at Michel Colliery, was asphyxiated when he was buried by slack coal in No. 2 section of No. 5 bin, Michel tipple, at about 12.30 p.m. on September 10, 1964. At 11 a.m. the deceased and Isaac Pettoello were instructed to empty the No. 2 section of No. 5 bin so that the conveyor at the bottom of the bin could be repaired. Bernardo and Petoello put on their safety belts and tied the ropes to beams at the top of the bin. Bernardo went down into the bin and tried to loosen the coal with a bar on the right side of the bin, but as the slack coal was wet it would not run. Bernardo then threw a shovel to the bottom of the bin and lowered himself by the aid of the safety rope and tie-rods to the bottom. When Bernardo reached the bottom the slack coal which he had tried to move previously and on which he was standing suddenly slid to the bottom of the bin completely burying him. When the body was recovered, artificial respiration failed to revive the deceased. * Omitted in 1963 Report COAL EXPLOSIVES 313 The following table shows the quantity of explosives used in underground coal mines in 1964, together with the number of shots fired, tons of coal produced per pound of explosives used, and the average number of pounds of explosive per shot fired (these quantities include all the explosives used for breaking coal and rock in coal mines):— Vancouver Island District Colliery Quantity of Explosives Used (Lb.) Coal Mined (Tons) Total Number of Shots Average Tons per Pound of Explosives Used Average Pounds of Explosives per Shot Fired Tsable River Colliery (Comox Mining 30,000 300 250 300 150 62,943 704 225 314 204 65,000 300 370 300 300 2.10 2.01 0.90 1.05 1.36 0.46 Midan mine _ Loudon No. 6 mine Lewis No. 2 mine (Timberlands) Undun No. 4 mine 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.50 31,000 64,390 66,270 2.07 0.46 Northern District 6,000 25 6,761 50 4,750 50 1.12 2.00 1.26 Gething No. 3 mine 0.50 Totals for district 6,025 6,811 4,800 1.13 1.25 East Kootenay District Michel Colliery (underground).. I 95,646 889,798 65,833 9.30 0.45 Province Totals for Province.. 132,671 960,999 136,903 7.24 0.97 I Quantity of Different Explosives Used Lb. Monobel of different grades 132,051 Permissible rock powder 620 Total 132,671 MACHINE-MINED COAL In 1964 mining-machines produced approximately 594,062 tons or 61.81 per cent of the total output from underground mining. A total of 160,488 tons of strip- mined coal was removed by mechanical means. SAFETY LAMPS There were 800 safety lamps in use in the mines of the Province. Of this number, 746 were approved electric lamps, mostly of the Edison type. 314 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Approved Safety Lamps—Electric and Flame The following is a list of approved safety lamps, electric and flame:— The Wolf lamp, flame type. The Koehler lamp, flame type. The Edison electric lamp (cap) under Approval No. 18 of the United States Bureau of Mines, and all Edison lamps up to and including Model M-S, carrying the Approval 6D-34 of the United States Bureau of Mines, and Mines and Technical Surveys, Canada, Certificate 39-2 Coal Mines. The Wheat electric lamp and having Approval No. 20, as issued by the United States Bureau of Mines. The Wheat electric lamp and having Approval No. 6D-30, as issued by the United States Bureau of Mines. The Wolf electric lamp, No. 830c. The electric lamp manufactured by the Portable Lamp and Equipment Company, under Approval No. 27 of the United States Bureau of Mines. M.S.A. single-cell trip lamp, carrying United States Bureau of Mines Approval No. 1009, approved for use on haulage trips in mines. The Davis M.L. model pneumatic electric lamp. ELECTRICITY Electricity is used for various purposes on the surface and underground at three collieries. A total of 14,381 horsepower was used in and about these mines. Detailed information as to how and where this power was used is given in the report of the Senior Electrical Inspector of Mines. INSPECTION COMMITTEES The provisions of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, section 65, General Rule 19, require that an inspection committee of workmen shall inspect the mine regularly on behalf of the workmen and make a true report of the conditions found. In all the larger mines of the Province this rule is fully observed, and copies of the report are sent to the Inspectors for the district. The work of these committees is valuable and assists in furthering the interests of safety at the various mines. COAL DUST The danger of accumulaions of coal dust on the roadways and in the working- places is fully realized, and as a rule the regulations regarding the control of coal dust are adequately carried out. Large quantities of limestone dust are used continually in the larger mines to combat this hazard. It is used in the roadways, working-places, and for the tamping of shots. Dust samples are taken regularly from roof, sides, and floor of mine roadways and analysed. The reports of the analyses are forwarded to the District Inspector each month. DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES Since August, 1950, diesel locomotives have been permitted in coal mines in British Columbia. MILLISECOND DELAY DETONATORS In February, 1951, an amendment to the Coal Mines Regulation Act was passed to allow, with permission of the Chief Inspector, more than one shot to be fired at one time in any coal mine or district of a mine. For further details see 1954 Annual Report. COAL 315 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES On January 31, 1964, an electric flash occurred in the No. 1 counter level at the Balmer mine, Michel Colliery, when supplies were being hoisted to the face of the level by use of a tugger hoist. Subsequent investigation disclosed that the rope had been rubbing against an electric trailing cable and had worn through the rubber insulation, causing a short circuit. No one was injured. On February 13, 1964, an accumulation of inflammable gas was released at the face of the No. 2 entry, No. 1 mine, Michel Colliery, when a continuous miner holed through into a large cave which extended 60 feet along a fault plane from an old working in an underlying seam. The miner was immediately stopped and the electric power isolated. No one was injured. On March 12, 1964, an electric flash occurred at the face of the No. 1 incline, Balmer mine, Michel Colliery, when a workman was lifting a flexible trailing cable for suspension on a number of hangers at the face. The short circuit ruptured a portion of the rubber insulation. It is suspected that one of the conductors in the cable had been damaged previous to the incident and that the flexing action of the cable being lifted had severed the conductor, thus causing the short circuit. No one was injured. On June 20, 1964, in "A" South mine, Michel Colliery, a shuttle-car operator ran a shuttle car into the rib, dislodging several timber set legs. The resulting fall of the roof supports injured the operator. The accident was caused by allowing the control-lever deck to become packed with coal so that the " tram " lever would not function properly. BUMPS AND OUTBURSTS There were no bumps or outbursts reported from any of the coal mines in the Province during 1964. PROSECUTIONS There were no prosecutions reported from any of the coal mines in the Province during 1964. SUPERVISION OF COAL MINES During 1964 nine companies operated mines, employing 446 men underground. In the supervision of underground employees there were 2 managers, 6 overmen, and 33 firebosses, or approximately 1 official for every 13 men. BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR COAL-MINE OFFICIALS First-, Second-, and Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors' Certificates The Board of Examiners, formed on July 10, 1919, consists at present of R. B. Bonar, Deputy Chief Inspector of Mines, chairman and secretary; A. R. C. James, Inspector of Mines, member; and D. R. Morgan, Inspector of Mines, member. The examinations are held at least once a year and more often if necessary. Examinations were held at the Fernie and Telkwa centres on May 20th and November 21st respectively. The total number of candidates at these examinations were as follows: Mine surveyor's certificate, two (one passed, one failed); third-class certificate, two (one passed, one failed). The following were the successful candidates: Mine surveyor, Dino De Paoli; third-class certificate, Ernest Ellis. r 316 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 All officials, before engaging in multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators, are required to obtain a permit to do so from the Board of Examiners (Coalmine Officials). This permit is issued only after the applicant has successfully passed oral and practical examinations in such work. In addition to the examinations and certificates already specified as coming under the Board of Examiners, the Act provides that every coal-miner shall be the holder of a certificate of competency as such. Examinations are held as circumstances warrant in coal-mining districts, and no certificate is granted where the candidate has failed to satisfy the Board as to his fitness, experience in a coal mine, and a general working knowledge of the English language. During 1964, 15 candidates were successful in obtaining coal-miners' certificates. In addition to the certificates granted above, substitute certificates were issued to those who had lost their original certificates. The Board of Examiners desires to thank the different coal-mining companies for use of their premises for the holding of examinations where necessary. NOTES ON COAL MINES VANCOUVER ISLAND INSPECTION DISTRICT By R. B. Bonar The gross output of coal from the Vancouver Island Inspection District was 64,390 tons, a decrease of 11,305 tons or 14.9 per cent from the 1963 output. Only one large mine, the Tsable River mine, is now in production on the Island. Operations in the once important Nanaimo coalfield are now restricted to four very small mines, providing employment for no more than six men. These mines operate in outcrops, pillars, and barriers left during earlier working. The Island coal-mining industry has suffered a rapid decline in the past few years. Production has declined over 85 per cent since 1951. This condition has resulted from loss of markets due to competition from other fuels, high cost of production, and from the depletion of economic reserves in the Nanaimo and Comox coalfields. The annual mine-rescue and first-aid meet organized by the Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association was held at Cumberland on Saturday, May 30th. Three teams, one from the Tsable River mine, one from Coast Copper mine, and one from Britannia mine, participated in the mine-rescue competition, and a very high standard of performance was maintained. The winning team was the Tsable River mine team, captained by W. High. Nanaimo (49° 123° S.W.) The present operation was opened up by a slope started to Midan Mine the left of the old Chambers No. 5 mine slope to recover a fair-sized pillar of coal left from previous working of the old Extension Colliery. The pillar was skipped on the low side to form a haulage road. Total production in 1964 was 704 tons over a working period of 185 days with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. COAL 317 Glyn Lewis, operator and fireboss. The property comprises Lewis Mine two small mines operating in the Wellington seam in a small area of outcrop coal that was left when No. 8 mine was abandoned by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited. The seam outcrops on the side of a ridge parallel to and immediately south of the Nanaimo River valley at an elevation of 540 feet above sea-level. The coal measures dip southward at 8 degrees. The two mines are one-third of a mile apart. The new mine, which commenced production in May, 1951, is in Range 1, Section 2, of the Cranberry district. It operates in an area of coal outcrop about 1 acre in extent, which is bounded on the west by a thrust fault that also forms the western boundary of the old No. 8 mine. The seam is 6 feet thick, including two thin rock bands. The coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small hoist driven by a gasoline-operated engine. A shaker screen sorts the coal into lump, nut, and pea sizes. Total production in 1964 was 314 tons over a working period of 95 days with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. J. Unsworth and A. Dunn, operators; A. Dunn, fireboss. Undun No. 3 Mine This mine was brought into production in September, 1960, and is located near the No. 3 slope, old Extension Colliery. A long outcrop pillar of fairly thick coal was encountered, which was skipped on the inside for several hundred feet to form a level haulage road. This pillar, mined on the retreat, was depleted of reserves in March, 1964, and the mine was abandoned. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. J. Unsworth, operator and fireboss. This new mine was Undun No. 4 Mine started near the portal of the Undun No. 3 mine and is driven in the opposite direction, to the south, in an endeavour to contact an outcrop pillar of coal suspected to have been left in the earlier working of this area. The pillar was encountered, and a skip is being taken off the inside to form a haulage road. North Wellington (49° 124° S.E.) R. B. Carruthers, operator and fireboss. This mine is about Loudon No. 6 Mine 1 mile southeast of Wellington and has been opened up by a flat-dipping slope driven in a small area of outcrop coal in the No. 2 Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the old No. 9 mine workings. The top is blasted off the solid and stowed. The bottom 20 inches to 2 feet of coal is broken up with light shots and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-powered hoist. Production in 1964 amounted to 225 tons over a working period of 123 days with a crew of one man. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. Carruthers and Wakelem No. 3 Mine.—This mine, fully reported in previous Annual Reports, did not operate during 1964. Comox (49° 124° N.W.)* Comox Mining Company Limited.—S. J. Lawrence, president; G. Dutfield, vice-president; P. F. Grundy, secretary. Head office address, P.O. Box 8, Union Bay, B.C. * By A. R. C James. 318 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Tsable River Mine.—S. J. Lawrence, manager; James Cochrane, overman; A. Somerville, M. Frobisher, A. Cullen, L. Cooper, G. Nicholas, and W. High, firebosses. In 1964 production was mainly from previously unworked areas of coal in the vicinity of Nos. 3 and 4 left levels. The abandoned section of the mine was allowed to fill with water on the main slope to 150 feet below No. 4 right level. The water- level is controlled by an electrically driven turbine pump installed in 1964 on the main slope. Production in 1964 was 62,943 tons in a working period of 251 days with a crew averaging 88 men. In the present working area of the mine the seam contains several rock bands of varying thickness and relative position; this has considerably increased the problem of mining an adequate tonnage of clean coal. Joy loaders and a coal-cutter are used to some extent, but most of the coal is hand-loaded onto shaker conveyors. Electric multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators is used throughout the mine. First-aid arrangements were maintained at a satisfactory standard. A suitably equipped first-aid room was provided on the surface, and an ambulance was held in readiness for emergencies. A mine-rescue team of six men was maintained. Sufficient mine-rescue equipment was stationed at the mine to meet any emergency. Conditions were usually found satisfactory in the course of inspections. EAST KOOTENAY INSPECTION DISTRICT By D. R. Morgan The production of coal from the East Kootenay Inspection District during 1964 was 1,050,286 tons, an increase of 166,983 tons or 18.9 per cent more than was produced in 1963. There were two companies in operation, but most of the production was obtained by The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, whose operations were confined to the Michel Colliery. The colliery produced 979,235 tons, an increase of 96,432 tons, or 10.9 per cent more than in 1963. The remainder of the production was obtained by Coleman Collieries Limited operating a large strip mine on the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, near Corbin. These workings are on both sides of the British Columbia-Alberta border and are operated from the Alberta side. The production of coal from the British Columbia side during 1964 was 71,051 tons, an increase of 70,551 tons above the amount that was produced by the same operation in 1963. A third company, The Pacific Coal Limited, conducted an exploration programme on a coal property in the Morrissey Creek area, southeast of Fernie, but did not produce any coal. The accident record at Michel Colliery showed a slight increase in both frequency and severity rates during 1964. One workman was fatally injured, and 10 other accidents classified as serious were reported and investigated. The fatal accident occurred when a workman was buried by a quantity of slack coal in a surge bin at the by-product plant. The other accidents occurred underground in the mines, five being caused by machinery and five by falls of roof and coal. This was an increase of seven above the total number of serious accidents reported in 1963. Minor accidents resulting in the loss of one or more working-days totalled 122, of which 99 occurred underground and 23 on the surface, an increase of 16 accidents. Three dangerous occurrences were reported and investigated at Michel Colliery. They are reported more fully in another part of the report under the heading of " Dangerous Occurrences." No accidents or dangerous occurrences were reported from the British Columbia side of the stripping operation on Tent Mountain, or the exploration work at Morrissey. J COAL 319 The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its 43rd annual mine-rescue and first-aid competitions at Chapman Camp on June 21st, and the various contests were well attended. Five six-man teams from Fernie, Michel, Kimberley, and the Mineral King mine entered the mine-rescue competition, and the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources shield was won by the Sullivan Mine No. 2 team, captained by C. S. Kinrade. The Men's Open competition in the first-aid events was won by the Sullivan Mine team, captained by Ralph Chatterson, for the third year in succession. The two teams represented the East Kootenay District in the Provincial competitions held at Kamloops on June 28th, and both won their respective competitions. This was quite an achievement, and is the first time the Provincial mine-rescue and first-aid competitions have been won by two teams coming from the same mine and district. Thomas F. Gleed, president, 2000 Washington Building, The Crow's Nest Seattle, Wash.; J. E. Morris, vice-president and resident Pass Coal Com- manager, Fernie; W. R. Prentice, vice-president and secre- pany Limited tary, Fernie; J. F. Cleeve, vice-president and treasurer, Fernie. This company has conducted large-scale coal-mining operations in the Crowsnest Pass area of the East Kootenay District since 1897. Present operations are confined to the Michel Colliery. The coal is sold on the industrial market and a large quantity is exported to Japan. A large amount of fines is also utilized in the making of coke, and the coke is sold in various parts of Western Canada and the United States. The operations are directed from a head office in Fernie. Michel Colliery.—(49° 114° N.W.) Vans H. Hulbert, manager; Irving Morgan, senior overman; Paul Kusnir, safety supervisor; Harry Corrigan, afternoon-shift overman. The colliery is operated at Michel, 24 miles east of Fernie, and is situated on the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It is a large colliery and has been in operation since 1899. The present workings include four underground mines, two stripping operations, and a modern by-product plant which is located on the colliery-site. A number of prospect tunnels are also being driven in the outcrops of two of the seams as part of a current exploration programme. The mines are on both sides of the valley and, with the exception of one, are named according to the seam that is worked and the direction of the development. Two of the mines are being worked from a pair of long rock tunnels which have been driven across the synclinal structure of the coal measures on the south side of the valley, and the other two, Balmer and "A" North mines, are being developed from the outcrops of the respective seams on each side of the valley. The mines are worked by a modified room-and-pillar system, and the pillars are generally extracted on the retreat. All the mines are fully mechanized, and most of the production at present is mined by continuous miners, of which there were six in operation at the end of the year. The equipment is chiefly operated by electricity. It is of the flameproof type and has been approved for use in coal mines. Transportation on most of the main levels is by compressed-air, diesel, and battery locomotives. The production from all the mines is cleaned and treated at a modern preparation plant located near the entrances to the main rock tunnels. Upper "A " South Mine.—James Anderson, overman; William Verkerk, Robert Doratty, John Krall, Arnold Webster, Michael Tymchuk, and Ben Volpatti, firebosses. This mine is in the "A" seam and is being worked to develop a large area of coal left between the abandoned "A" South mine and the outcrop of the seam. The 320 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 workings are on the western limb of the Michel syncline and are entered by two inclines which were driven in an underlying seam and connected to the "A" seam at a higher elevation by two rock tunnels. The present workings were entered in 1958, and since that time three inclines have been driven to the outcrop of the seam, and development levels driven on each side of the inclines to form a number of extraction panels above each pair of inclines. The panels are worked by the room- and-pillar method, and the pillars are extracted by the caving system. The seam is 26 feet thick, is of good quality, and pitches at an angle of 35 degrees in a westerly direction. A description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. The mine averaged a daily production of 800 tons during 1964 with a crew of 130 men. Most of the activities were directed to the development and extraction of pillars in a large panel of workings above the No. 2 North level. Other activities were directed to the extraction of pillars in a small section of workings off the No. 1 South level. The workings in the No. 2 North level section were developed by continuous miners. The development raises were driven across the pitch to facilitate the operation of the " miners," and the rooms were driven on level course along the strike of the seam. All roadways were driven in contact with the footwall, and the top coal was supported by timber sets. Systematic timbering was enforced. The development work was completed in September, 1964, and since that time activities have been confined to the extraction of pillars, and the continuous miners have been transferred to other mines. During the extraction of pillars the timber supports are withdrawn and the coal is allowed to fall or is blasted into the roadways. The coal is then loaded by duckbill conveyors which extend into the caved areas, and is transferred by conveyors and chutes to various loading points on the main levels. The coal at these points is loaded into 10-ton-capacity bottom- dumping cars and later dumped into large bins on the various levels, and transferred by retarding conveyors on one of the main inclines to a central loading point on the main rock tunnel. Compressed-air locomotives are used for hauling the cars. Total development during 1964 was 10,210 feet. The mine is ventilated by a 100-horsepower electrically driven aerodyne fan which delivers 70,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the mine workings at a IVi- inch water-gauge. The conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, but some difficulty was experienced for a short period with the condition of the timber supports on the No. 2 haulage incline and the use of the man-trip had to be stopped while repairs were carried out. "A " West Mine.—Henry Eberts, overman. This mine, which was operated in the "A" seam on the western limb of the Michel syncline, was abandoned in January, 1964, following the depletion of the coal reserves. The supplies and equipment have since been withdrawn, and the workings sealed. The mine had been in operation since 1940. It was one of the major operations at the colliery, and it is estimated that it produced more than 4,000,000 tons of coal during its life. The mine was developed from the right side of the rock tunnels, and a description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. "A " North Mine.—John Whittaker, overman; Sidney Hughes, Thomas Taylor, and Roger Girou, firebosses. This mine, in the "A" seam, is on the northern side of the Michel Valley, and is approximately half a mile east of the colliery preparation plant. The mine was opened in 1951 and is being developed by means of two pairs of levels which have been driven from different elevations on the outcrop and follow the strike of the seam. The seam is very irregular and faulty. It is 12 feet thick where normal, dips at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees in a southerly direction, and is overlain by a moderately strong shale roof. The workings are panelled, and most of the opera- COAL 321 tions are conducted by continuous miners. A description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. The mine averaged a daily production of 700 tons during 1964 with a crew of 48 men. Most of the activities were directed to the development and extraction of pillars in a large area of workings known as the No. 1 Incline district above the No. 1 level. The development of the roadways and extraction of the pillars was carried out by a Joy continuous miner, and a very rapid rate of extraction was made. The development rooms were driven on level course, and the pillars were extracted by angling extraction roadways into the pillars while retreating from the rooms. Systematic timbering was rigidly enforced, and adequate pillars were left to support the roof. A great deal of difficulty was experienced at times owing to faults and other geological difficulties, but in general a high percentage of extraction was made. Large auxiliary fans are used with the " miner " for ventilation purposes, and the coal is loaded onto shuttle cars and fast-moving belt conveyors. It is transferred to a central loading point on the No. 1 level, and loaded into 10-ton-capacity bottom-dumping cars which are taken from the mine by diesel and battery locomotives and dumped into a large storage bin on the surface near the portal. It is later trucked to the preparation plant. Total development during 1964 was 19,370 feet. The mine is ventilated by a 100-horsepower electrically driven axivane fan which delivers 80,000 cubic feet of air to the mine workings at a 2V2-inch water- gauge. The fan is located near the entrance to the No. 2 level, and the upper and lower parts of the mine are ventilated as two separate splits. Normally the ventilation is exhausted in the mine, but the fan is reversed in the winter to prevent ice forming in the watercourses in the lower part of the mine. The conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. No. 1 Mine.—Henry Eberts, overman; Thomas Krall, Stanley Menduk, and Harvey Travis, firebosses. This mine is operated in the No. 1 seam, and the workings are on the eastern limb of the Michel syncline. It is an old mine that was abandoned in 1938 but was reopened in 1963 to recover a large number of pillars that were left from the former working. The size of the operation will be considerably restricted by the presence of flooded workings in an overlying seam, but it is estimated there is sufficient area available to recover over 1,000,000 tons of coal without endangering the workings. Entry has been made from the right side of the rock tunnels, and most of the workings are to the dip. The seam is 12 to 15 feet thick, dips at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees in a southerly direction, and is overlain by a moderately hard shale roof. The method of working is by the room-and-pillar system, and most of the production is mined by a continuous miner. A description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. The mine averaged a daily production of 1,000 tons during 1964 with a crew of 48 men. Most of the activities were directed to the development and extraction of pillars in an area of workings below the No. 1 and No. 2 entries in the lower part of the mine. All the work was done by a Joy continuous miner, and a very rapid rate of extraction was made. Four development slopes were driven across the pitch of the seam to facilitate the operation of the " miner," and the pillars were extracted on level course on each side of the slopes. Systematic supports were rigidly enforced, and long lengths of the roadways were supported by roof bolts. Bolts were also used to support the coal ribs in several instances. Further development of the slopes was stopped during the latter part of 1964 owing to an excessive amount of water coming into the workings, and the activities since that time have been confined to the extraction of pillars. The coal is transported via shuttle cars and fast-moving belt. It is transferred to a large coal-bin on the main rock tunnel, 322 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 loaded into trips of cars, and taken from the mine by compressed-air locomotives. The total development work completed in 1964 was 10,230 feet. The mine is ventilated by a 100-horsepower electrically driven axivane fan which delivers 70,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the mine workings at a 5.2-inch water-gauge. This quantity was found to be satisfactory to meet the normal requirements of the mine. Other conditions were also found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, with the exception of one instance where a large cave occurred in a pillar-extraction room, causing excessive damage to the continuous miner. Balmer (No. 10) Mine.—William Davey, overman; Frank McVeigh, Robert Taylor, Kenneth Kniert, James Walsh, Henry Parsons, Joseph Serek, Harry Sanders, Albert Littler, and Roger Pasiaud, firebosses. This mine, in No. 10 seam, is being worked to develop a large area of virgin coal on the south side of the Michel Valley. The portals are 1 mile west of the preparation plant, and the workings are being developed from three levels which have been driven from the outcrop of the seam, near creek-level. The coal is 40 feet thick, of good quality, and is overlain by a moderately hard shale roof. The seam pitches at an angle of 30 degrees in an easterly direction, and the three levels are driven in close contact with the roof. The mine was opened in 1960, and a description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. The mine averaged a daily production of 900 tons during 1964 with a crew of 80 men. There were four continuous miners in operation for the greater part of the year, and most of the activities were directed to the development and extraction of pillars in an area of workings located on each side of the No. 1 Incline. Other activities were directed to the driving of the two upper levels, and a new return airway was driven to the surface outcrop for the installation of a larger fan for ventilating the mine. Most of the roadways were driven in contact with the hangingwall, and systematic timbering was rigidly enforced. The pillars in the No. 1 Incline district were developed and extracted in a similar manner to that described in the "A" North mine. The production from all the mine is transported via shuttle car and fast-moving belts to various bins and loading points on the main No. 1 level, from where it is loaded into 10-ton-capacity bottom-dumping cars and taken to the surface by diesel and battery locomotives. The coal is dumped into a large bin on the surface and later trucked to the preparation plant. Total development completed in the mine during 1964 was 12,280 feet. The mine is presently ventilated by a 100-horsepower electrically driven axivane fan which produces 45,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the mine workings at a 4.75-inch water-gauge. The fan was installed in October, 1964, following the completion of the No. 1 return airway to the surface outcrop, and replaces a smaller fan that was used to ventilate the mine from the portal of the No. 0 level. A marked improvement has been obtained, and the present quantity of air is sufficient for the requirements of the mine. Other conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, with the exception of two instances were flexible trailing cables were damaged. These instances are reported more fully in another part of the report under the heading of " Dangerous Occurrences." Prospect Tunnels.—Michael Mihalnuk, fireboss. These tunnels are being driven as part of an exploration programme conducted by the company to prospect a number of seams outcropping on the mountainsides in the vicinity of the colliery. Most of the operation in 1964 was directed to prospecting the Upper and Lower No. 3 seam and the No. 10 seam. Five prospect tunnels were driven in the No. 10 seam on Sparwood Ridge for a total distance of 1,022 feet; four tunnels in the Upper No. 3 seam on Natal Ridge for a total distance of 325 feet; and one tunnel in each of the Upper and Lower No. 3 seams on the mountainside above McGillvray COAL 323 for a total distance of 302 feet. Several large samples of coal were taken from each of the prospect tunnels and shipped for testing. The work was under the direction of J. J. Crabb, chief geologist. During 1964, 95,026 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 620 pounds of CXL-ite, and 65,833 electric detonators were used at the colliery for coal and rock blasting. No misfired shots were reported. One hundred and ninety-seven tons of limestone dust was used for the application of inert dust on the roadways of the various mines to minimize the coal-dust hazard and for tamping shots. Monthly dust samples were taken at all the mines and analysed. The samples were found to be above the minimum requirements needed for incombustible content. Monthly examinations of the workings were made at all the mines by the miners' inspection committees, and regular safety meetings were held each month at the colliery office. The various report books kept at the mines in compliance with the Coal Mines Regulation Act were examined periodically and found to be in order. Baldy Mountain Strip Mine.—Vans H. Hulbert, manager; George Lancaster, foreman. This operation is on Baldy Mountain, 4 miles northwest of Michel. It is at an elevation of 5,000 feet and can be reached by means of a private road leading from the preparation plant. The coal is 40 to 60 feet thick, of fairly good quality, and dips at an angle of 25 to 30 degrees in an easterly direction. The seam is believed to be the No. 10 seam. It can be traced for several miles, and the company has conducted several large-scale operations along the outcrop since 1948. Present activities are confined to No. 4b pit. The pit was opened in 1960, and is being worked on a contract basis. The operation produced 28,657 net tons of coal in 1964 with a crew of one shovel operator for loading and three truck-drivers for transporting the coal to the preparation plant. The operation was considerably restricted owing to the state of the coal market, and activities were intermittent and confined to a single-shift basis. The removal of the overburden was completed in No. 4b pit in 1961. It is estimated there was approximately 75,000 tons of coal exposed in the pit at the end of 1964. "A" South Strip Mine.—Vans H. Hulbert, manager; George Lancaster, foreman. This operation is on Sparwood Ridge, 2 miles southwest of Michel. It is at an elevation of 5,500 feet and can be reached by means of a private road leading from the No. 3 highway, 1 mile east of the preparation plant. The mine was opened in 1961. It is being worked to mine a large area of "A" seam coal outcropping above the underground workings of the Upper "A" South and "A" West mines. The coal is 30 feet thick, of good quality, and rises at an angle of 35 degrees in a westerly direction. Most of the overburden was removed in 1961. The work is being carried out on a contract basis. The operation produced 51,080 net tons of coal during 1964 with a crew of six men. Most of the activities were directed to loading of coal, and a minor amount of rock work was done. The coal is mined in 15-foot lifts along the strike of the seam. It is loaded by power-shovel and trucked to the preparation plant by means of a new surface road that was completed in the spring of 1964. Prior to this the coal was dumped into a raise from the Upper "A" South mine and transported via the underground workings. The operations were continued during the winter months. Preparation Plant.—The preparation plant is near the entrances to the main rock tunnels. It has been in operation since 1938, and a description has been given in past Annual Reports. A number of major installations were added in 1964 to 324 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 improve the cleaning of the fines and facilitate the handling of the coal. The installations include the following. A new 40-tons-an-hour flotation plant was put into operation in April, 1964. The plant is an addition to the fine-coal cleaning plant that was built in 1962. It is being used to clean the —28 mesh material. The installation includes two banks of Denver No. 30, 100-cubic-foot flotation cells, each bank being made up of six cells in series; one 16- by 6-foot Allis-Chalmers sizing screen; and an 8- by 8-foot Denver conditioning scale. It also includes the necessary tanks and pumps for supplying the necessary reagents—namely, kerosene and methyl isobutyl carbinol— to the flotation cells. The total cost of the project was $175,000. A Drummond wet scrubber was installed at the fine-coal cleaning section in August, 1964, to reduce the dust pollution arising from the exhaust gases from the drier. The cost of the scrubber and installation was approximately $55,000. A battery of six corrugated-steel silo bins was erected adjacent to the preparation plant during the summer of 1964 to provide surge and blending facilities for the increasing tonnage of coal being hauled by truck from the various mines. The bins have been surrounded by fill to provide a ramp and dumping space for the trucks, and the bottom of each bin is provided with a variable-speed Syntron feeder for feeding the coal onto a 350-tons-per-hour gallery housed conveyor. The conveyor in turn delivers the coal onto the main feed belt to the preparation plant. Total capacity of the bins is 1,200 tons. The project is estimated to have cost $275,000. It went into operation in October. By-Product Plant.—George Lancaster, superintendent. This plant is on the colliery-site and is adjacent to the preparation plant. It has been in operation for many years, and a description has been given in past Annual Reports. The operations were confined to the Curran-Knowle ovens in 1964, and the plant produced 131,693 tons of coke, 12,514 tons of breeze (coke fines), and 933,541 gallons of tar. The 1,800-ton surge bin at the plant was partitioned into four sections during 1964 to facilitate the blending and sizing of the coal for making coke. Short blending conveyors were installed at the bottom of each of the sections for controlling the coal, and a pulverizer and mixer were installed in the main circuit to the ovens to obtain the desired size and blend. The cost of the project was approximately $150,000. (49° 114° N.W.) Martin Aschacher, mine superintendent. Coleman Collieries The coal-mining activities carried out by this company in the Limited East Kootenay District are confined to a large stripping operation on Tent Mountain, near Corbin. Most of the operations are on the Alberta side, but large quantities of coal have been produced from the British Columbia side during the past 13 years, where the seams and the workings extend into the Province. The property is at an elevation of 7,000 feet. It can be reached by means of a private road leading from the No. 3 highway at Crowsnest Lake. The roadway is 10 miles long and is on the Alberta side. A description of the property has been given in past Annual Reports. Most of the activities during 1964 were directed to the No. 4 pit, which has been in operation since 1954. The coal in this area is in the form of a synclinal basin and is 100 feet thick in parts. It is removed in 15-foot lifts, loaded by power- shovel, and trucked to the company's preparation plant at Coleman. The total production from the British Columbia side during 1964 was 71,051 tons. The operation was considerably restricted owing to the state of the coal market and was idle for several short periods. A minor amount of rock work was done during these periods. COAL 325 (49° 114° S.W.) Registered office, 540, 1070 Douglas Pacific Coal Street, Victoria. This company was incorporated in 1964, Limited and started an exploration programme on Crown land in the Morrissey Creek area southeast of Fernie. The work started in July and was continued during the winter months. Ten diamond-drill holes were completed, totalling 5,500 feet, and a large number of cuts were made by bulldozer to trace the outcrops of a number of seams. There were six men employed. The work was done by contract. NICOLA-PRINCETON INSPECTION DISTRICT By David Smith There was no coal production in 1964 in the Nicola-Princeton District. The Coldwater mine at Merritt operated by S. Gerrard has been closed. Further exploration was carried out by Imperial Metals and Power Ltd. on the Coldwater leases and in the Coalmont area, and a sample of coal of 320 pounds was sent to the Lurgi Corporation, Frankfurt, Germany, for testing. This test was made in conjunction with magnetite ore from the Lodestone Mountain deposits near Princeton, seeking a method of producing sponge iron locally. NORTHERN INSPECTION DISTRICT By David Smith The coal mines of the Northern District produced a total of 6,811 tons of coal in 1964. The output is sold enitrely on the domestic market, which fact limits all operations to seasonal work. No accidents and no dangerous occurrences were reported from the mines in this district in 1964. There were no prosecutions. Peace River (56° 122° S.E.) This property is on Lot 1039, 12 miles by road west of King Gething Hudson Hope, and is owned and operated by Q. F. (King) Mines Gething. In 1964, due to failing markets, the mine was closed. A crew of three men had been employed. Conditions in the mine were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. No accidents were reported. This property is on Larry Creek, on the west slope of Portage Peace River Coal Mountain, at the upper end of the Peace River canyon, about Mines Ltd. 18 miles by road from Hudson Hope. In 1964, because of the proximity of this mine to the Portage Mountain Dam, an underground stabilization programme was carried out. The mine passageways and rooms were completely filled with washed sand. The caved areas were filled from surface hydraulically with washed sand. The work was carried out by the dam contractors, and a crew of eight was employed under the direction of W. Barker, superintendent. Pine Pass (55° 122° N.W.) A sample of coal of 1,200 pounds was obtained from this Hasler Creek Coal mine and sent to Ottawa for analysis. A crew of two men under the direction of Q. F. Gething obtained the sample for Stradone Enterprises Ltd., 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. 326 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Telkwa (54° 127° N.E.) Company office, Telkwa. J. D. Carnahan, general manager; Bulkley Valley L. Gething, superintendent; P. Baker and E. Ellis, firebosses. Collieries Limited This property is on Goat Creek, a tributary of Telkwa River, about 7 miles southeast of Telkwa. Total production in 1964 was 6,761 tons. The mine closed in March, a skeleton crew was maintained to carry out routine work, and operations were resumed in September. Pillars are now being extracted in the northwest part of the mine as a decision was made to retreat; a new entry and separate mine has been started to the south of the present portal. This mine will be connected to the present haulageway by an entry housing a belt conveyor to facilitate movement of coal to the tipple. New equipment has been added in an effort to step up mechanization: two shortwall cutters, a track- type loader, and a duckbill head was placed on the conveyor. A general over-all improvement has been made in all buildings and services. An average crew of 14 men was employed. Conditions in the mine were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. No accidents were reported. Bowron River (53° 121° N.W.) Registered office, 285—17th Street, West Vancouver. A. J. Northern Coal Garraway, manager. This company holds Coal Licence No. Mines Ltd. 148 covering Lot 9592 and parts of Lots 9591 and 9593, which lie in the vicinity of the Bowron River, about 30 miles due east of Prince George. In 1962 and 1963 underground development work consisted of driving a 9- by 12-foot slope south 72 degrees east for 250 feet on a gradient of 20 degrees and then levelled off for a landing for a distance of 90 feet. From this landing two crosscuts were turned off northeast and southwest respectively. The northeast crosscut was driven 380 feet from the slope landing and did not cut any major coal seams. The southwest crosscut was driven 180 feet, entering a faulted zone 140 feet from the slope landing. In 1964 the southwest crosscut was advanced to 250 feet from the slope landing. From this crosscut a drift was continued in the coal for 70 feet in a northwest direction. The drift was then swung to the right and continued for 70 feet. An entry was started at this point in the No. 3 seam and advanced 80 feet. At 40 feet in the entry a crosscut south 45 degrees west was started and advanced 80 feet. Sixteen surface diamond-drill holes totalling 4,000 feet were drilled. A crew of seven men was employed. Permitted explosives and short-period delay detonators were used for blasting rock and coal, and a mucking-machine was used for loading. General working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was found. Inspection of Electrical Equipment and Installations at Mines, Quarries, and Well Drilling Rigs By L. Wardman, Senior Electrical Inspector ELECTRIC POWER In 1964 electric power was used by 39 mining companies in operations at 42 lode mines, 1 placer mine, and 3 collieries. Thirty-one metallurgical concentrators were operated during the year. Electric power was also used at 22 structural- material and industrial-mineral mines and quarries. Forty-three drilling rigs were operated in the Province during the year. Lode-metal Mines Two concentrators were sold, dismantled, moved to new properties, and rebuilt. Both of them were in operation before the end of the year. Two new concentrators were under construction and will be in operation in 1965. Two concentrators were renovated and were in operation in the latter part of the year. Three properties were not operated during 1964. Power Plants The kilovolt-ampere capacity of mining-company-owned power plants that were operated in 1964 was as follows:— Generator Kva. Prime Mover Capacity Diesel engines 21,945 Hydro 13,350 Total. 35,295 The electric power generated by these plants amounted to 68,039,430 kilowatt- hours. The power purchased from public utilities and from the generating division of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, amounted to 305,239,993 kilowatt-hours. The total amount of power consumed at lode mines was 373,279,423 kilowatt-hours. A general breakdown of the connected load at the operating mines was as follows:— Equipment Hoists (incline and shaft) Hoists (scraper) Fans (mine ventilating) ~ Pumps (mine) Rectifiers and M.G. sets. Air compressors Crushing Sink float Grinding Concentrating Conveyors Horsepower 7,192 8,145 5,952 6,450 7,863 21,142 13,661 1,950 22,969 17,579 3,361 327 328 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Equipment Horsepower Pumps (mill) 11,627 Shovels and rotary drills 2,050 Workshops 2,651 Miscellaneous 9,274 Total 141,866 In addition to electrically powered equipment, there was in use approximately 10,171 horsepower of prime movers driving direct-connected or belt-connected equipment as follows:— Prime Mover Horsepower Diesel engines 8,596 Hydro 1,400 Gasoline 175 Total 10,171 On the haulage systems there were in use 121 battery locomotives, 92 trolley locomotives, and 24 diesel locomotives. Structural-material and Industrial-mineral Mines and Quarries Electric power was used at 22 structural-material and industrial-mineral mines and quarries. Power is purchased from public utilities for all except three of these operations. At the three operations, company-owned plants of 5,216 kilovolt- amperes produced 14,612,800 kilowatt-hours of power, and this added to the 11,847,300 kilowatt-hours of power which was purchased makes a total of 26,460,100 kilowatt-hours consumed during the year. A general breakdown of the connected load was as follows:— Equipment Horsepower Hoists and overhead tram 292 Hoists (scraper) 405 Fans 83 Pumps 914 Rectifiers and M.G. sets 37 Air compressors 739 Electric drills and shovels 210 Crushing, rock reject, and drying 5,830 Conveyors Z 3,229 Screens 679 Milling 3,398 Workshops 338 Miscellaneous 2,020 Total 18,174 At these properties there was also direct-driven equipment totalling 2,915 horsepower. One battery locomotive was in use for underground haulage. Coal Mines Three collieries, the same number as in 1963, used electric power. The distribution of the connected load was as follows:— INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 329 Horsepower Surface— Compressors 3,945 Ventilation 580 Hoisting 906 Haulage 3 5 Coal-crushing 25 Coal washing and screening 2,899 Pumping 65 Coke production 1,373 Miscellaneous 1 835 Total 10,663 Underground— Ventilation 235 Hoisting 150 Haulage 340 Coal-loaders 236 Conveying 1,161 Pumping 240 Compressors 100 Borecuts 225 Continuous miners 825 Coal-cutters 200 Miscellaneous 6 Total 3,718 Total for surface and underground 14,381 Four battery locomotives and two diesel locomotives were in use for surface and underground haulage. A total of 31,160,152 kilowatt-hours of electric power was used for mining and coal-processing. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS LODE MINES Cassiar (59° 129° S.W.) Hanna Gold Mines Ltd.—Electrical power is produced for camp lighting only. Two diesel-driven a.c. generators are on the property. One unit is 12.5 kva. and the other is 10 kva. A 15-horsepower diesel locomotive is used on the main haulage. Unuk River (56° 130° S.E.) In the new temporary power-house, built in 1963 near the Granduc Mines Leduc portal, two diesel-driven a.c. generators of 300 and Ltd. 400 kva. respectively were installed. Also installed were two air compressors driven by two electric motors of 125 and 450 horsepower respectively. Workshop and miscellaneous equipment provided a connected load of 140 horsepower. 330 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Salmon River (56° 130° S.E.) The installation of equipment in the concentrator building Silbak Premier was completed during the summer, and milling of ore was Mines Limited commenced. A 200-kva. diesel-driven generator was installed, which raised the total generating capacity to 300 kva. The connected load of the concentrator is as follows:— Horsepower Crushing plant 60 Grinding equipment 110 Concentrating 70 Workshop and miscellaneous 30 Total 270 Harriet Harbour (52° 131° S.E.) Jedway Iron Ore Limited. — Three motors on the conveyors were replaced with larger ones, increasing the conveyor load by 20 horsepower. Takomkane Mountain (52° 120° S.W.) A temporary power plant was installed to provide power and Noranda Mines, lighting during construction of the concentrator. British Limited (Boss Columbia Hydro and Power Authority is building a power- Mountain Division) line from 100 Mile House on the Cariboo Highway to the property. It is estimated that power will be available by the end of January, 1965, and that all equipment will be installed in the concentrator and ready for testing. Power will be supplied at 69 kv. by the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority to a main substation at the mine. A 3,000/4,000 kva. 2.43/4.22-kv. transformer bank connected delta-wye steps the line voltage down to 2.4 kv. for distribution to the camp office building, shops, crusher, flotation, and step-up transformer supplying the mine. A 50-kva. 2,400-120/230-volt single-phase transformer supplies the office building and assay office. A 225-kva. 2,400-550-volt transformer bank supplies the shops. A 100-kva. 2,400-550-volt transformer bank supplies the crushing and grinding areas. Two 750-kva. 2,400-550-volt transformer banks supply the flotation area. Two 333-kva. transformers connected open delta step up the voltage from 2,400 to 6,900 volts to supply the underground distribution centre, where a 450-kva. 3-phase transformer steps down the voltage from 6,900 to 575 volts. Three 400-horsepower 2,400-volt synchronous motors drive three air compressors. Three 150-horsepower 550-volt motors drive a jaw crusher, a standard crusher, and a short head crusher. A 900-horsepower 2,400-volt synchronous motor drives the grinding mill. The flotation section consists of 44 rougher cells driven by 22 15-horsepower motors, 12 cleaner cells driven by six 7 XA -horsepower motors, and 16 recleaner cells driven by eight 5-horsepower motors. Other equipment consists of settling-tanks, pumps, and filters. INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 331 Tyaughton Creek (51° 122° S.W.) A reduction plant and a power plant were built early in the Dot (Silverquick year. The power plant consists of a 25-kw. 230-volt 3-phase Development Co. diesel-driven alternator. The equipment in the reduction (B.C.) Ltd.) plant consists of a crusher driven by a 25-horsepower motor, a conveyor driven by a 2-horsepower motor, two shakers driven by two 1-horsepower motors, an exhaust fan driven by a 2-horsepower motor, a turbo-blower driven by a 3-horsepower motor, and a portable discharge conveyor driven by a 3-horsepower motor. Bridge River (50° 122° N.W.) Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited.—A new electric control and metering panel was installed in the power-house. The heating plant was destroyed by fire in February but was rebuilt and rewired. A new contactor panel was installed for the Crown hoist. Highland Valley (50° 120° S.W.) The capacity of the concentrator was increased by adding Bethlehem Copper the following equipment: A tertiary crusher driven by a Corporation Ltd. 300-horsepower motor; a rod mill driven by a 900-horse- power motor; two pumps driven by two 40-horsepower motors; one reclaim pump driven by a 200-horsepower motor; six conveyors driven by six motors of 125, 60, 50, 7.5, 5, and 5 horsepower respectively; two blowers requiring 350 horsepower; a thickener driven by a 5-horsepower motor; and a diaphragm pump driven by a 3-horsepower motor. Merritt (50° 120° S.W.) A 200-horsepower 440-volt 3-phase wound-rotor motor was Craigmont Mines installed to drive the mine ventilation fan at the 3500 level Limited portal. A mine air-heater capable of providing 4.2 million B.tu. on natural gas or fuel oil was installed at the 3000 level portal. A 5-horsepower 550-volt motor driving a fan provides air circulation within the unit. A new power circuit to supply the underground load was run to the 3000 level using suspension insulators on the existing pole structures. The conductors are 266.8 M.C.M. A.S.C.R. In the concentrator there were installed a 300-horsepower 550-volt 3-phase motor on a regrind mill, a spare generator set driven by a 20-horsepower 550-volt motor to supply excitation to any synchronous motor, and a concentrate overflow pump driven by a 10-horsepower motor. At the jaw crusher a dust-collecting fan driven by a IVi -horsepower motor and a battery-operated emergency lighting system were installed. An extension was built to the mine dry and wired for lighting. A 550-volt 3-phase power-line 1,500 feet long was built to the project yard area to provide power and lighting. In the mine, locomotive-battery charging stations were installed on the 2560, the 2700, the 2852, and the 3008 levels, and lighting was installed at all shaft level stations. A pump for mine water supply driven by a 40-horsepower motor was installed on the 2400 level near the service shaft. A 112Vi-kva. 3-phase 4,160-575-volt substation was installed on the 2852 level to supply scraper-hoist motors. 332 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 To prevent, if possible, further incidents of lightning damage to trolley equipment, lightning-arrestors were installed on the trolley conductor. An electronic speed control was installed on the cable belt conveyor to prevent overspeeding. Other electrical work consisted of temporary installations and the relocation of existing equipment. Phoenix (49° 118° S.W.) Phoenix (The Granby Mining Company Limited).—Three flotation pumps and dust-collecting equipment were installed in the mill. A power-line was built to the Rawhide claims, and a water pump and motor was installed at the dam. Aspen Creek (49° 117° S.E.) H.B. (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).—An excavation for a new transformer station on the 2800 level was made, and three 100-kva. 2,300-575-volt Pyronal-filled transformers and distribution switch-gear from the 3200 level transformer station were installed. This moves the supply centre nearer to the present load centre of the mine. Iron Mountain (49° 117° S.E.) The shaft hoist was removed from the 3800 level and sold. Canadian Explora- The tungsten crushing plant and two mills have been removed tion Limited from the tungsten concentrator. Six 200-kva. transformers have been removed from the tungsten concentrator substation, and three 100-kva. transformers have been removed from an unused substation at the lead-zinc concentrator. Nelway (49° 117° S.E.) The power of the No. 3 hoist was doubled by the addition Reeves MacDonald of a 200-horsepower wound-rotor motor similar to the one Mines Limited that came with the hoist. The hoist control was modified by the addition of extra equipment to give simultaneous control of both motors. To supply power to the hoist, a 2,300-volt cable 4,000 feet long was installed from the surface to the No. 3 hoist room. A transformer station was built on the 660 level, and six 25-kva. transformers were installed. This station is supplied from the 1100 level by means of a 2,300- volt armoured cable. Riondel (49° 116° N.W.) Bluebell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).—A 6,900-volt line was built to the Comfort mine to supply ventilating fans. A 20-horsepower Sirocco fan was installed at this mine. Indicating lights and alarms were installed for the eight fans at the Kootenay Chief mine. The hot-water boiler and heaters were removed from the machine-shop, and a 30-kw. 600-volt electric heater was installed. A similar heater was installed in the warehouse. Keen Creek (49° 117° N.E.) The electrical equipment was overhauled and returned to Cork Province service after being shut down for almost 10 years. Most of (London Pride the equipment was serviceable after being dried out. Mois- Silver Mines Ltd.) ture had penetrated the splice boxes on the armoured cable leading to the underground hoist room, making it necessary INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 333 to remove them and resplice the cable. A phone communication system between the hoist room and shaft stations was installed. Springer Creek (49° 117° N.E.) A 50-ton mill and power plant were completed and put into Meteor (Cultus service. The power plant consists of a 175-kw. 3-phase Exploration Ltd.) diesel-driven generator and a 25-kw. single-phase diesel- driven generator as a stand-by for lighting. The crushing equipment consists of a feeder and a shaker, each driven by a 1-horsepower motor, and a jaw crusher driven by a 50-horsepower motor. The milling and concentrating equipment consists of a mill driven by a 15- horsepower motor, a Wilfley table driven by a 2-horsepower motor, a concentrate pump driven by a 2-horsepower motor, a bucket elevator driven by a XVi -horsepower motor, a screen driven by a 1-horsepower motor, and a water pump driven by a 15-horsepower motor. A small battery locomotive is used on the main haulage in the mine. Kimberley (49° 115° N.W.) The Bucyrus-Erie 6-yard shovel was returned to operation Sullivan (The Con- in the open pit after being idle for several years. The trans- solidated Mining formers supplying the mine office building were moved from and Smelting the hillside to a new location behind the mine dry and some Company of Can- pole structures for the overhead lines were replaced. Two ada, Limited) mine ventilating fans were relocated. In the sink-float section of the concentrator two water pumps driven by two 25- horsepower motors were installed. Seven pumps driven by six 2-horsepower and one 1-horsepower motors were installed to handle reagents. Fourteen 15-horsepower motors were installed to drive M.S. flotation machines. A pump driven by a 7.5-horsepower motor was installed in the flotation section. Also in the flotation section, two 40-horsepower motors were replaced with 75-horsepower motors and a 25-horsepower motor was replaced with a 40-horsepower motor. The 75-horsepower motor driving the float conveyor was replaced with a 100-horsepower motor. The 15-horsepower motor on the zinc drier was replaced with a 25-horsepower motor. Rebuilt 550-volt switchboards were installed in the testing department, paint- shop, No. 3 pump pit, and on the tertiary floor. Seven obsolescent oil switches controlling motors of 25 to 75 horsepower were replaced with magnetic switches. Circuit-breakers were installed to replace fused switches for two ball-mill motors of 200 and 250 horsepower. Other electrical work consisted of installing mercury and fluorescent lighting in various areas. Howe Sound (49° 123° N.E.) An 80,000-c.f.m. fan driven by a 200-horsepower 440-volt Britannia (The motor and a bank of three 200-kva. 6,900-440-volt trans- Anaconda Company formers were installed at the 2700 level. One additional (Canada) Ltd.) 6,900-440-volt transformer was installed at the 5100 level. Just prior to the end of the year the mine was closed down and all equipment with the exception of the main hoists and transformers was removed from underground. 334 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 Texada Island (49° 124° N.W.) Texada Mines Ltd.—The underground cables were extended to new headings. On the surface a 1,000-kva. transformer bank for the new loading-dock and 2,000 feet of 12-kv. line were built to supply this station. Benson River (50° 127° S.E.) Empire Development Company Limited.—To facilitate operation of the new underground mining operation, the construction of a new crushing-plant conveyor system and aerial tram was commenced in 1964. A shaft hoist driven by a 225-horsepower motor was installed Old Sport (Coast for the No. 2 winze. Two pumps driven by 25-horsepower Copper Company motors were installed in the mine. At the concentrator a Limited) new magnetite plant was installed. It consists of magnetic separators, thickener, filter, and pumps. The connected load of this plant is 216 horsepower. Zeballos (50° 126° S.W.) The 300-kva. diesel-electric power unit at the loading-dock Zeballos Iron was moved to the power-house at the mill, and a 4,160-volt Mines Limited power-line was built from the mill to the dock, a distance of approximately -XVz miles. Two 100-kva. and one 200-kva. 440-volt diesel-driven electric power units were removed from the power-house at the mill, and a 1,250-kva. 4,160-volt diesel-driven electric power unit was installed. Three 2,300-440-volt transformers connected wye-delta were installed adjacent to the power-house to tie together the 4,160-volt system and the 440-volt system. A 4,160-volt power-line was built between the mill and the compressor-house at the mine, and three 200-kva. 2,300-440-volt transformers connected wye-delta were installed adjacent to the compressor-house to supply four air compressors driven by four 150-horsepower 440-volt motors. Tsolum River (49° 125° N.E.) The 1,000-ton mill built at the Motherlode mine near Mt. Washington Greenwood in 1956 was dismantled and moved to the Mt. Milling Co. Washington Copper Co.'s property about 15 miles northwest of Courtenay and rebuilt. In general the layout was the same as the original at Greenwood. The connected load is as follows:— Horsepower Crushing plant 432 Grinding equipment 780 Concentrating equipment 416 Pumping equipment 72 Miscellaneous 9 Total 1,709 Kennedy Lake (49° 125° S.E.) Brynnor Mines Limited.—A shaft hoist driven by an 800-horsepower motor was installed but was not in service at the end of the year. A new power-line was INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 335 built from the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority substation to supply the hoist and mine electrical equipment. STRUCTURAL-MATERIAL AND INDUSTRIAL-MINERAL MINES AND QUARRIES McDame (59° 129° S.W.) A new 1,215-kva. 2,400-volt General Electric alternator Cassiar Asbestos driven by a Mirrlees diesel was installed in the power-house, Corporation increasing the generating capacity to 4,591 kva. The mill Limited building was extended, and crushing, conveying, screening, and collecting equipment was added. At the No. 1 tram terminal a drying plant was built consisting of screen, conveyors, crusher, kiln, and fans. At the mine a 4Vi-yard electric shovel supplied with power from a portable diesel-driven a.c. generator was put into service to strip overburden. The new equipment in the mill added 520 horsepower to the connected load. The drier at the mine added 323 horsepower to the connected load. Other alterations added 69 horsepower to the connected load. Texada Island (49° 124° N.W.) Ideal Cement Company Ltd. (Rock Products Division).—Two new screens and three new conveyors were installed, which added 30 horsepower to the connected load. Three new 50-kva. transformers were also installed. Four conveyors were relocated. COAL MINES Telkwa (54° 127° N.E.) Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited.—A 30-horsepower Joy loader and two Anderson Boyes short wall cutters were put into service underground. The coalcutters are powered by 75-horsepower motors. Comox (49° 124° N.W.) Comox Mining Company Limited.—Early in the year a high flow of water into the mine made it necessary to build a pump room on the main slope just below the diagonal and install a pump driven by a 75-horsepower motor. East Kootenay (49° 114° S.W.) With the exception of a ventilation fan, all electrical equip- Michel Colliery ment was removed from "A" West mine. In the Balmer (The Crow's Nest mine a Joy continuous miner, Lee Norse continuous miner, Pass Coal Com- shuttle car, and two Borecut machines were installed. A pany Limited) froth flotation plant was installed in the washing building. There are 12 flotation cells driven by six 20-horsepower motors, a conditioner tank driven by a 5-horsepower motor, a slurry screen driven by a 10-horsepower motor, and a reagent pump driven by a 1-horsepower motor. The following occurrences took place:— On Friday, January 31st, in the Balmer mine, open sparking occurred when the haulage cable of a tugger hoist was allowed to rub on and wear through the insulation of three motor feeder cables. The cables were damaged at a point about 6 inches from the plug at the motor starter. 336 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 On Thursday, March 12th, in the Balmer mine, open sparking occurred when a tugger cable was being replaced in the hanger. It is thought that the cable had been damaged when supplies were moved past the tugger. Examination of the cable revealed that one conductor was severed and that arcing had taken place between the conductor and shield. On Saturday, June 20th, a shuttle-car operator was injured when he ran a shuttle car into the rib legs, knocking them out of place and thus allowing the roof supports to fall on him. This accident was caused by allowing the control-lever deck to become packed with coal so that the " tram " lever would not function properly. 1 Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1964 Annual Report The names of the properties are arranged alphabetically within five Each area consists of the mining divisions listed below. The table shows the areas, princi- pal metals produced or indicated in the deposits in 1964:— Northern British Columbia.—Atlin, Liard. Central British Columbia.—Cariboo, Clinton, Omineca. Coast and Islands.—Alberni, Nanaimo, New Westminster, Skeena, Vancouver, Victoria. South Central British Columbia.—Greenwood, Kamloops, Lillooet, Nicola, Osoyoos, Similkameen, Vernon. Southeastern British Columbia.—Fort Steele, Golden, Nelson, Revelstoke, Slocan, Trail Creek. Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude 2 o O a o 0 X3 a ►J o c N a o 1 B 3 1 rt U a o Hi tn Hi 5 3 tc a rt s a si Z E 3 a •a Si o in 3 s= 3 to b 3 CJ c o .1 < CO rt a, Northern British Columbia Atlin Liard 59° 130° N.W. 57° 131° S.W. 57° 130° S.W., 57° 131° N.W. 57° 130° S.W. 58° 132° S.E. 57° 131° S.W. 57° 131° S.E. 57° 131° S.E. 57° 131° S.E. 59° 129° S.W. 59° 128° S.E. 58° 129° S.E. 59° 134° S.E. 59° 129° S.E. 57° 131° S.E. 59° 134° S.E. 57° 131° S.E. 58° 133° N.W. 57° 130° S.W. 58° 133° N.W. 59° 133° N.E. 58° 132° N.W. 59° 129° S.W. 58° 133° N.W. 3 ~3 3 3 1 3 3 ~3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ~3 3 3 ~3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 — - — - 3 - 3 3 - - - ~ 9 15 13 18 11 13 13 15 17 10 10 11 8 11 17 8 15 8 17 9 8 11 10 9 BIK, BUD Bam COS CW, PH, NH Galore Creek... — . Liard Hidden Valley Liard Atlin Liard Laverdiere McDame, Belle, Bar MESS, MEST, JET, DELL M"Uy Atlin Penny Potlach-Banker SNO Atlin Sil Silver Diamond Thorn, Club, Kay Atlin Atlin Liard Zohini Atlin Central British Columbia AX and BX Omineca Omineca Cariboo Omineca Omineca 54° 125° S.E. 54° 126° N.W. 53° 121° S.W. 54° 124° S.W. 54° 125° S.E. 53° 127° N.E. 52° 120° S.W. 53° 127° S.E. 53° 127° S.E. 54° 126° N.W. 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 - 2 — — - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - 62 52 65, A52 64 61 56 65 57 57 51, A52 Aumm Bat Bell Berg Boss Mountain CAFB Cariboo Omineca rny, Cronin Shipping Mines.—(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. 0 contributed less than 10 per cent of the shipment. Production for 1964 is listed in Table XIV. Non-shipping Mines.—(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination. !) Metal 337 14 • 338 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS REFERRED TO IN THE 1964 ANNUAL Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude Central British Columbia—Cont'd DA, AX Debenture Deer, Elk, Nu, Dis, Dat Endako French Peak- Glacier Gulch- Jumbo KO Len Leo and Mo Lucky Ship, Sam, Ram Road Lustdust M.J.M MS Molly, Moly, Red, Can yon, Tom, Len Molly, Pogo, Sandy, Linda, Ruff, Enco, Scott Newman Rio Nos. 1-4 Rob, Fran Silver Creek, Silver Lake, Trade Dollar Tip, Tan VO Whit Coast and Islands AM Ace and Galena- Alice. Anaconda- Azure Banks, Banker, etc— Baron, Star Basin Big Interior- Britannia Brynnor Buttle Lake- Catface Copper Road- Delia Domineer- Dunwell Empire Development (Merry Widow and Kingfisher) F. L., Ridge, Cordova. Fandora and Gold Flake Flo, Mac- Gem Goat Granduc Harriet Harbour- Holberg- Iron Mike JB, Molly, HM_ Jib Kay Lenora. Omineca. Omineca.. Omineca.. Omineca— Omineca— Omineca— Omineca— Omineca— Omineca— Omineca... Omineca.. Omineca.. Omineca- Omineca- Omineca.. Omineca.- Omineca_ Omineca- Omineca.. Omineca.. Omineca.- Omineca.. Omineca N. Westminster Skeena— Skeena Vancouver Vancouver Skeena Nanaimo Skeena Alberni Vancouver- Alberni Alberni Alberni Nanaimo Alberni Nanaimo Skeena Nanaimo Nanaimo Alberni.. Skeena... N. Westminster- Skeena Skeena Skeena Nanaimo Nanaimo Skeena Skeena Skeena— Victoria.. 55' 126 S.E. 54= 126 N.W. 54° 125 S.E. 54° 125' S.E. 54° 127' N.E. 54° 127' N.E. 53° 127' S.W. 54° 124' S.W. 53° 127' N.E. 54° 125' S.E., 54° 124' S.W. 54° 127' S.E. 55° 125' N.E. 54° 124' S.W. 54° 125' S.E. 55° 127' N.E. 53° 124° N.W. 54° 126' N.E. 55° 126° S.W. 54° 125° S.E. 54° 127° N.E. 53° 124° N.W. 54° 125° S.E. 53° 127° N.E. 49° 121° S.E. 55° 129° N.W. 55° 129° S.E. 49° 122° N.W. 50° 122° S.W. 53° 130° S.E. 50° 125° S.E. 55° 129° N.E. 49° 125° S.W. 49° 123° N.E. 49° 125° S.E. 49° 125° N.W. 49° 125° S.W. 50° 125° S.E. 49° 125° S.W. 49° 125° N.E. 55° 129° N.W. 50° 127° S.E. 50° 126° S.W. 49° 125° S.W. 52° 131° S.E. 49° 121° N.W. 56° 129° S.E. 56° 130° S.E. 52° 131° S.E. 50° 128° N.E. 50° 125° S.W. 54° 128° N.E. 51° 131° N.W. 56° 130° N.E. 48° 123° N.W. 3 .... 3 53 52 61 58 A52 51 56 63 53 62 53 53 64 62 48 62 52 50 61 51, A52 64 62 55 136 45 30 145 146 47 152, A53 45 156 . 144, A53 . 167, A52 156 155 151 157 155 22 152, A53 153, A52 166, A52 46 143 23 18 46.A53 154 152 47 46 20 |168, A53 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS LODE-METAL DEPOSITS REFERRED TO IN THE 1964 ANNUAL Report—Continued 339 Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude * u 3 > i 3 ft a o 0 ■a rt u ►J 3 N c 5 00 3 3 H S 3 1 X) rt u a o in Hi tn Hi a rt DC c a s a H z E 3 a aj JO 0 s rt o 55 M 3 .3 a 3 b 3 rj s & O I a < ft- 00 rt A, Coast and Islands— Continued London Vancouver 50° 122° S.W. 3 , __ __ 146 54° 128° N.E. 3 3 47 Lynx, Paramount, Alberni 49° 125° N.W. 49° 122° N.W. - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - — — — — — - — 157 Vancouver 146 Mai Victoria 48° 124° N.W. - 3 , __ __ 168 Mammoth N. Westminster- 49° 121° S.E. . .. 3 3 3 137 Moose Skeena ,,. 55° 129° N.W. . .. 3 __ 44 Murphy N. Westminster.. 49° 121° S.W. - .. 3 3 3 — 143 Northwest, Bet Skeena 54° 128° S.E. . 3 _. 48 Old Sport... Nanaimo 50° 127° S.E. 2 2 1 i .__ 153, A53 Porter Idaho Skeena... .. . 55° 129° N.W. - .. 3 3 3 22 Pride of Emory N. Westminster- 49° 121° S.W. 1 i 137, A53 Privateer Nanaimo. 50° 126° S.W. - 3 .... 154 55° 129° S W 1 3 45 Roundy Creek Shan 55° 129° S E 1 36 56° 130° N W. 3 3 3 18 Silbak Premier Skeena Victoria.. 56° 130° S.E. 48° 124° S.E. . 1 1 - 21, A53 Sunloch and Gabro 3 ._ _ _ 169 Tasu Skeena— . . 52° 132° N.E. - „ ._. 3 3 45 56° 130° N E 3 3 20 49° 124° N W 7 7 1 1 146 A53 Tidewater. Skeena 55° 129° S.W. - 3 39 Victory Skeena 55° 129° N.W. - - 3 43 49° 124° S.E. 55° 129° N.W. - 3 168 41 Wolf — Skeena - 3 Yreka Nanaimo 50° 127° S.W. 3 — — — — — — .... 154 South Central British Columbia AL, IC - - 50° 121° S.E. . 50° 122° N W. 3 3 - — — - 3 ~ - - 3 88 80 Afton.. Kamloops 50° 120° N.E. 3 _ 3 _ 98 49° 118° S E. 3 3 3 112 50° 120° S.W. 3 91 Albion Greenwood 49° 118° S.W. 1 1 1 1 113, A53 Annis Mines Kamloops 50° 119° N.E. . 3 3 3 105 BAR Kamloops 51° 119° S.W. . _ _ „ .... 3 99 Bet, Sa"l Kamloops 51° 119° S.E. . 3 99 50° 120° S.W. 7 7 1 i 86 A54 49° 120° N.E. . 3 95 Brplnrn/> Lillooet 50° 122° N.W. 1 2 81, A54 Brenda Vernon 50° 119° S.W. . 3 104 Cabin Group Greenwood . .. 49° 118° S.W. 3 _ 110 Chataway . .. Nicola 50° 120° S.W. . 3 — ■ 3 90 50° 120° S.W. 3 -\ Copperado 50° 120° S.W. 1 95 Copper Canyon Kamloops. 50° 121° S.E. . 3 , ... _ 94 Craigmont Nicola 50° 120° S.W. . 1 92, A54 Curmo, S.S. Kamloops 50° 121° S.E. . 3 3 91 Dave, Lodge Kamloops 50° 120° N.W. . 3 3 85 Dot, Silverquick T illnoet 51° 122° S.W. . 1 ' 81, A54 Fly Hill Kamloops 50° 119° N.E. . 3 105 Franklin Camp Greenwood— 49° 118° N.E. . 3 112 Galaxy Kamloops. 50° 120° N.E. . 3 97 Gem, Dividend, Lake- view Osoyoos 49° 119° S.E. . 3 _ 3 109 Goodenough Vernon 50° 119° S.E. 3 .„ __ .... .... ._ 104 Highland-Bell 49° 119° S.E. 7 1 7 7 ? 109, A54 Homestake Kamloops 51° 119° S.W. . .. 3 99 Horn Silver Osoyoos 49° 119° S.W. 49° 120° N.W. - 3 3 — - — 102 3 100 49° 120° N.W. 3 3 100 Index lillnnet 50° 122° N.E. 49° 118° S.W. . 50° 121° S.E. _ -- - - - - - - — 3 - - — — 84 Tva Lenore Greenwood. Kamloops — 3 3 HI Jay - .... .... 72 340 MINES AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES REPORT, 1964 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS REFERRED TO IN THE 1964 ANNUAL Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude 2 o O > 55 OJ a a o O ■a ~i u 3 N 3 a 3 3 H g 3 ■§ rt U B 5 8 Hi § DO § rt rt B H "3 si o z E 3 B ■a S3 O s u 55 M 3 .3 a 3 1 I-i Hi s & o S a 3 < D 00 rt Oh South Central Brtttsh Columbia— Continued Jericho Kan_ . . Kamloops Nicola Nicola Kamloops Vernnn 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 120° N.W. 50° 120° N.E. 50° 118° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 49° 120° S.E. 50° 121° S.E. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 121° N.E. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 120° N.W. 49° 120° N.W. 49° 118° S.W. 51° 120° N.E. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 120° N.W. 50° 123° N.E. 49° 119° N.W. 49° 119° N.W. 49° 120° S.E. 50° 121° S.E. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 122° N.W. 49° 118° S.W. 49° 119° S.W. 49° 119° S.W. 50° 121° S.E. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 119° S.E. 49° 120° S.E. and S.W. 50° 120° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° S.W. 50° 117° N.W. 50° 118° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 51° 118° N.W. 50° 117° S.E. 49°117°N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 49° 117°N.E. 50° 116° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 115° N.W. 49°117°N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 ? 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - 3 3 3 - - - - 89 95 96 Kimberley 98 108 Lake Group - . 94 Laura, Earl Lornex MI,M Kamloops Nicola Nicola Kamloops. . 98 88 91 98 Nickel Plate - 102 Nig, Gar, Tine Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Nicola Nicola Greenwood Kamloops Nicola - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - 92 Outrider, Bay Par 88 85 97 Pay 95 Phoenix Copper 110, A54 Porcupine Pyramid.. 95 96 R, EE Rainbow and Patricia... TJat Lillooet Osoyoos.. . Osoyoos 84 103 103 100, A54 84 89 A54 110 A54 Red Star - Rocky, Tom, Nav Sheba, Highmont, Minex, B.X Silver Wing Nicola Nicola... T.illnnet Greenwood Osoyoos Osoyoos Smuggler Susie Toketic, Bethsaida, B.L 108 109, A54 85 Trnjan ~3 87 UP and April . 2 2 2 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 7 - 2 89 Van, Rocco Plata 109 Virginia, No. 14 WDR Similkameen 101 85 Southeastern British Columbia 129, A55 Antoine Slocan 122, A55 129, A55 118 Beatrice Revelstoke Revelstoke 131 - - - - _.. - — 130 120, A55 Blup.hRll 118, A55 Boomerang and Richmond 127 Bright Star Trio Revelstoke - - 3 - - - 105 — 2 2 2 — - 122 Cork Province 120, A55 Trail Creek— 113 Sloran 125, A55 135 Elna 121, A55 Rstnlln Fort Steele Slocan Slocan Nelson Nelson 133 Freddy Galena Farm Gold Belt . . 126, A55 126, A55 116, A55 Goodenough. ._.| ... _ __ 115 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS 341 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS REFERRED TO IN THE 1964 ANNUAL Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude Southeastern British Columbia- Continued H.B Hecla, Mammoth, Standard Hewitt Hinckley Holmes Humbolt I.X.L Idaho— Jersey- Jo Jo — Jumbo Kootenay Belle. Krao London, Panama . Meteor Midway Mineral King NePe New Arlington. Ottawa Paradise Ptarmigan.. Queen Reco.. Reeves MacDonald.. Richard First Roseberry and A & E.. St. Elmo Scranton Shady- Sharon Silmonac- Silversmith, Richmond-Eureka Slocan Star. Spider Sullivan Sunset Teddy Glacier- Triumph— Utica Velvet Victor Vin W.D._ Washington Western Exploration . White Hope Wonderful Nelson.. Slocan.. Slocan.. Slocan- Nelson Fort Steele- Trail Creek- Slocan Nelson Slocan Slocan Nelson Slocan Slocan Slocan Fort Steele.. Golden Slocan Nelson.. Slocan... Golden Golden Nelson Slocan Nelson Slocan Revelstoke— Trail Creek- Slocan Slocan Slocan- Slocan.. Slocan Slocan Revelstoke— Fort Steele- Trail Creek.. Revelstoke... Slocan Slocan Trail Creek- Slocan Slocan Trail Creek.. Slocan Fort Steele- Slocan Slocan 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 116° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 50° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 116° 50° 117° 49° 117° 49° 115° 50° 116° 50° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 50° 116° 50° 116° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 116° 51° 118° 49° 117° 49°117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 117° 49° 49° 50° 49° 49° 50° 49° 49° 49° 49° 50° 49° 50° 49° 49° 49° 117' 117' 117' 115' 117' 117° 116° 117' 117° 117° 117' 117° 117' 115' 117' 117° N.E. N.E. N.E. S.W. N.W. S.W. N.E. S.E. S.E. N.E. S.E. N.W. S.E. N.E. N.W. S.E. S.W. S.E. N.E. S.E. N.E. S.E. N.E. S.E. N.W. S.E. S.W. N.E. N.E. N.E. N.E. S.E. N.E. N.W. N.W. S.W. N.W. N.W. N.E. S.W. N.E. S.W. S.W. S.E. N.W. N.E. N.E. 116, A55 . 125, A55 126, A56 123 115, A55 132, A54 114, A56 123, A56 117, A55 122 126 116, A55 . 120, A56 .1 122 . 129, A56 132 134, A54 129 115, A55 . 127, A56 135 135 116, A55 125 . 117, A55 118, A56 136 113 120 125, A56 120, A56 124 124, A56 A56 130 132, A54 114, A56 131 120 121, A56 113, A56 123, A56 131 115, A56 123, A56 133 127 124 INDEX Page "A" North mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W "A" South Strip mine, Michel Colliery, 49" 114° N.W "A" West mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W . A & E, 51° 118° S.E AG Nos. 49-56, 50° chemical report AL, 50° 121° S.E A.M., 49° 121° S.E. __. 117° S.E., geo- 320 323 320 136 172 88 136 A. P. Green Fire Brick Company Limited 194, AX, 54° AX, 55° 125" 126' S.E. S.E. AX, BX, and AB Claims, 54° 125 = geochemical report S.E., Abbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd. certificate of achievement Ace, 55° 129° N.W Ace Mining Company Limited Ace No. 6 Fr., 50° 127° N.W., geological and geophysical report accidents, fatal, coal mines . lode mines involving loss of time Adams, Antoinette Adams, Blanche Adams, E. H. Adams, John — Adams Lake, 51' Adamson, R. S. . Addison, R. M. 119 S.W. Administration Branch Afton, 50° 120° N.E Agnew, Hadden Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W. air-borne magnetometer mapping A 66 air photography A 77 112 199 62 53 173 204 305 45 80 172 312 283 292 151 151 151 151 99 .17, 61, 64 64 A 58 98 84 120 Ajax, 49° 118° S.E. Al Nos. 1 and 2 Frs., 54° geochemical report Alamo, 50° 120° S.W geophysical report Alaska Highway Alba Sands Ltd., silica Alberni Mining Division ._. Albion, 49° 118° S.W. _ Albion Mining Co. Ltd. 125° N.W., 173 91 172 9 207 A 70 ..A 53, 113 ..A 53, 113 Aldergrove Cement Tile Product, sand and gravel 204 Alice, 55° 129° S.E 30 Alice Arm area, 55° 129° N.W 24 Allard Concrete Construction Co., sand and gravel 202 Allen, A. R 85, 88, 98 Allen J. M. Alrae Exploration Ltd. Alscope Consolidated Ltd. Alscope Development Ltd. Alta Lake area, 50° 122 S.W Amalgamated Resources Ltd. American Smelting and Refining Co- Amy 3, 59° 130° N.W Anaconda, 49° 120° S.E Anaconda American Brass Limited- Page ._ 130 __ 89 _ 64 _. 96 _ 146 _ 95 .13, 92 .... 9 — 100 89, 145, 146 Anaconda Company (Canada) Ltd., The A 53, 144, 145 electrical installations 333 Analytical and Assay Branch A 62 Anderson, E. A 56, 123 Anderson, James Anderson, R. E. Anderson, Roy Anfield, S. D. Ann, 57° 131° S.W. Anna, 49° 117° N.E. Annis Mines Ltd. .... antimony, deposits (see table) footnote production 319 51 133 125 15 A 55, 129 105 337 ..A 16 Antler Creek, 53° Antoine, 50° 117° ..A 21, A 24, A 34 121° S.E., placer 176 S.E. -. A. 55, 122 Antoine Silver Mines Limited 122 Apex Claims, 58° 133° N.W., geological report 174 April, 50° 120° S.W 89 Arishenkoff, M. A 55 Arlington, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 129 Arlington Silver Mines Ltd. A 55, 129 Armitage, John Frederick, fatal accident 285 Armour & Saunders Ltd., sand and gravel 205 arsenious oxide, production A 21, A 38 Art, 50° 117° S.E., geological report 172 asbestos, footnote A 16 McDame 179 production A 21, A 24, A 38 84 324 116 332 95 52 52 8 A 70 ..A 52, 65 18 65 125 146 Asbury, D. W. Aschacker, Martin Aspen Creek, 49° 116° S.E. electrical installations Aspen Grove area, 49° 120° N.W. Ast, 54° 126° N.W Astlais, 54° 126° N.W. Atlin area, 59° 133° N.E Atlin Mining Division Aurum, 53° 121° S.W Austin, E. S. Austin, J. Avison, R. T. Azure, 50° 122° S.W B BAR, 51° 119° S.W. 99 B & B Trucking, sand and gravel 204 BIK, 57° 130° S.W.-570 131° S.E., N.W. 13 BL, 50° 120° S.E. - BUD, 57° 130° S.W.- BUY, 57° 131° S.E. ■57° 131° S.E, N.W. 342 85 13 15 INDEX 343 Page B.X., 50° 120° S.W 89 BX, 54° 125° S.E 62 B.X. Mining Company Limited 89 Babine Lake area, 54° 126° N.E 52 Babine Range area, 55° 127° N.E 48 Bacon, W. R 46 Baer, A. J A 79 Bain, Ian 101 Baird, D. H 43, 45 Baker, P. 326 Baker, R. D 18 Baldy Mountain Strip mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 323 Balmer (No. 10) mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 322 Bam, 57° 130° S.W 18 Bamber, E. W. A 79 Bandeen, W. R 46, 122 Banker, 53° 130° S.E 47 Banks, 53° 130° S.E 47 Banks Island, 53° 130° S.E 47 Bapty, H. A 64 reports by 8-20, 45, 46, 51-53, 56, 57, 61-64 Barclay, S. W 20 barite, Brisco 179 footnote A 16 Parson 179 production A 21, A 24, A 38 Spillimacheen 181 Templeton River 200 Barker, H. G. 153 Barker, R. A. 53 Barker, W. 325 Baroid of Canada, Ltd. 181 Baron, 50° 125° S.E A 53, 152 Barr, D. A. 15 Barriere Lake Mines Ltd. 105 Base Metals Mining Corporation Limited 121, 168 Basin, 55° 129° N.E 45 Bat, 54° 124° S.W 64 Bates, Thomas J, fatal accident 312 Bay, 53° 130° S.E 47 Baynes, E. G. 183 Bayonne, 49° 116" S.W. 118 Bayonne Mine Ltd. 118 Beale, W. S 186 Beale Quarries Division (Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd.) 186 Bear River area, 55° 129° N.W 22 Bear River Pass area, 56° 129° S.E. 23 Beaton, R. H. 106 Beatrice, 50° 117" N.W. 131 Beaverdell area, 49° 119° S.E. 109 Bebe Daniels, 55° 129° N.W. 25 Beggs, H. K. 181 Bell, 54° 125° S.E 61 geochemical report 173 Bell Nos. 1-5, 50° 118° N.E., geological report 172 Bell, R. D 110 Bell, R. T A 79 Belle Tahsis Mines Ltd. 135 Belliveau, Leonard 53 Bennett, Robert I 151 Benson River, 50° 127° S.E 152 electrical installations 334 Bentley, D. F 127 bentonite, footnote production Page ..A 16 Berdusco, Gino, fatal accident Berg, 53° 127° N.E Berisoff, S. Bermah Mines Ltd. Bernardo, Brian, fatal accident Berry, J. G. Bet, 51° 119° S.E. Bet, 54° 128° S.E ..A 21, A 38 312 56 126 21 312 179 99 48 Bethlehem, 50° 120° S.W. electrical installations ..A 54, 86 331 Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. A 54, 86 electrical installations 331 Bethsaida, 50° 120° S.E 85 Bethsaida Copper Mines, Limited 85 Beverley, 55° 129° N.W. Bibby, J. Bibby, M. Bigelow, D. S. Big "I" Mines Ltd, The 25 64 64 207 156 Big Interior, 49° 125° S.W. 156 130 65 173 52 154 152 11 17 204 A 16 Big Ledge, 50° 118° N.E. Big Timothy (Takomkane) Mountain, 52° 120° S.W Bill Nos. 1-20, 54° 125° N.W, geochemical report Billie, 54° 126° N.W Billingsley, J. R. Billwiller, P. W. Bing, 58° 132° S.E Bird, 57° 130° S.W. Bird, E. ..A 21, A 24, A 34 123, 124 39 bismuth, footnote production Black, J. C. Black, Morris Black, P. T. 53, 56, 57 Black Diamond, 49° 116° N.W. —A 55, 120 Blackham's Construction Ltd, sand and gravel 203 safety competition 305 Blakey, K. B A 2 blasting certificate suspensions 297 Bloomer, C. 105 Bloomer, T. O. 177 Blossom, T. E. 62 Blue, G. E A. 67, A 68 Bluebell, 49° 116° N.W. _. electrical installations — Blue Jay, 49° 120° N.W. Blue Star Mines Limited Blundell, R. G. Board of Arbitration A 55, 118 332 95 120 86 A 68 board of examiners for coal-mine officials A 64, 315 Boe, Barney 177 Bolduc, Gilles 176 Bonar, Robert B. reports by Boomerang, 49° 117° N.E. Boot claims, 54° 125° S.E Border Sand & Gravel Ltd - Borup, E. L. Boss Mountain, 52° 120° S.W. Bowes, T. P. Bowron River, 53° 121° N.W, coal. Boy, 50° 120° S.W Brabant, B. M. .A64, 306, 315, 316 306-317 127 58 204 120 65 52 326 85 182 344 INDEX Page Bralorne, 50° 120° S.W A 54, 81 electrical installations 331 Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited A 54, 81 electrical installations 331 Branscombe, Emery Ronald, fatal accident 291 Bratlien, Magnus 96 Brenda, 50° 119° S.W 104 brick (common, face, paving, sewer), firebrick, and blocks, production A 24, A 41 Briden, H. A 11 Bridge River, 50° 122° N.W 80 electrical installations 331 Bridge River Valley Mine Safety Association 303 Bright Star Trio, 50° 118° N.W, geophysical and geological report 172 Bright Star Trio Mining Ltd. 105 Brisco, 50° 116° N.E, magnesite 194 silica _ 207 Britannia, 49° 123° KB. . A S3, 144 electrical installations 333 B.C. Airlines 46 British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority 224, 330 British Columbia Lightweight Aggregates Ltd. 184 British Columbia Molybdenum Ltd. 30 British Columbia Oil Transmission and Trans Prairie Pipelines 224 B.C. Silver Mines, Ltd. 21 Brossard, R. A. 176 Brothers, Hon. Donald L. A 2 Brown, C. E. 117 Brown, C. E. Gordon Brown, J. A. Bryan's Transfer Company Ltd. Bryant, A. E 153 194 115, 116 21 Brynelsen, B. O. Brynnor, 49° 125° S.E. . electrical installations fatal accidents Brynnor Mines Limited . electrical installations fatal accident Buchanan Mines Ltd. Buckland, F. C.. Page -44, 52, 53 ...A 52, 167 334 —288, 291 ..A 52, 167 334 —288, 291 122 building-stone, Beaverdell Cheam View Granite Falls Pitt Meadows Pitt River production Sheep Creek Sirdar 41 182 182 182 182 182 ..A 21, A 24, A 40 181 181 Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited 326 electrical installations 335 Buller, A. E 135 bumps and outbursts 315 Bunt, Terry 119 Burgess, C. H. 15, 30 Burkinshaw, Orville Burnaby Iron Mines Limited Burnaby Island, 52° 131° S.E Burns, D. W Burns, H. M. Butler Bros. (Duncan) Ltd, sand and gravel Butler, Kenneth 103 46 46 167 121 205 109 174 Buttle Lake Area, 49° 125° N.W.... _ 157 Buttle Lake Mining Company Limited, The 48, 85, 112, 166 by-product plant, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 324 Byrne, J. C. 125 Butte Claim Group, 59° physical report. 134° S.E., geo- CAFB, 53° 127° S.E. COS, 57° 131° S.W... CW, 57° 131° S.E. 57 13 13 C. B. Harden Cartage Ltd., sand and gravel 202 Cabin Group, 49° 118° S.W 110 cadmium, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 16 production ..A 21, A 24, A 34 156 Caldwell, E. H California Gulch, 53° 121° S.E, placer _ 176 Calix Gold Mines Ltd 132 Callan, D. M. A 68 Cameron, D. N. 23 Cameron - McMynn Ltd, fatal accidents 284, 285 Campbell, C. M, Jr. 157 Campbell, D. A. 9 Campbell, D. S 116 Campbell, Douglas D 53 Campbell, R. B A 79, 69 Camsell, G. C. 18 Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited 317 Canadian Exploration Limited -A 55, 58, 61, 117 332 289 electrical installations fatal accident Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 304 Canam Copper Company, Ltd 136 Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. —20, 39, 47, 95 Canford area, 50° 120° S.W 94 Cannon Contracting Ltd, sand and gravel 203 Canyon, 55° 127° N.E 48 Cariboo area, 53° 121° S.W. 65 placer 175 Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited A 52, 65 fatal accident 284 Cariboo Mining Division A 71 Carlson, Paul Robert, fatal accident 284 Carnahan, J. D 326 Carnegie Mining Corporation Limited 124 Carr, J. M A 65, A 66 reports by .53-55, 57, 61, 62, 64, 84, 92, 94, 96, 100, 101 Endako 58-61 Highland Valley 85-91 Carson, D. J. T A 79 Carruthers, R. B 317 Carruthers and Wakelem No. 3 mine, 49° 124° S.E. 317 INDEX 345 Carter, N. C. reports by Alice . Page .A 65, A 66 39-45 30-36 24-30 36-39 143 10 329 Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited 179 electrical installations 335 Lime Creek area Roundy Creek Caskey, R. W Cassiar, 59° 129° S.W. electrical installations fatal accidents . .284, 287 Cassiar Consolidated Mines Limited 22 Castlegar, sand and gravel . 202 Castles, G. R 177, 178 Catface Claims, 49° 125° S.W, geophysical and geochemical report 172 Catface Copper Mines Limited 155 cement, Bamberton 182 Lulu Island 183 production A 21, A 24, A 40 Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association 3 04 Central Gravel Supplies Ltd, sand and gravel 205 central records offices (Victoria and Vancouver) A 58 Chalmers, H. J 132 Champion, Glen 132 Chance, 55° 129° N.W 43 Chandler, W. E. 182 Chapman, Wood and Griswold Ltd. 94 Charleston, 50° 117° S.E 122 Chataway Exploration Co. Ltd. 85, 90 dangerous occurrence 296 Chatterson, Ralph 304, 319 Cheam Marl Products 200 Chetwynd, sand and gravel 202 Chilco Explorations Ltd. 175 Chilcott, P. 112 Childress, W. H. A 64 Chilliwhack Municipality, sand and gravel 203 China Creek, 53° 121° S.E, placer 176 Chisholm, C. D. 113 Chita Claims, 51° 123° S.W, geochemical report 173 Christensen, A. D. 146 Christian, J. D. 179 Christina Lake Mines Ltd. 112 chromite, footnote A 17 production A 21, A 34 Churchill, M. A. A 68 Cinderella, 50° 120° S.W 94 Cirque Group, 51° 123° S.E, geological and geochemical report 173 Clark, F. P 176 Clark, H. G 204 Clarke, W. G. 65 Claussen, A. F. 50 clay, Abbotsford 183 Barnet 183 Canal Flats 183 Ganges 183 Haney 183 Kilgard 183 Saturna Island 184 Vancouver 183 clay products, production A 21, A 24, A 41 clay and shale 183 Clayburn-Harbison Ltd. 183 trophy 305 120° N.E. Pagb 99 319 Clearwater River, 51' Cleeve, J. F. Clements, A. D 177, 178 Climax Molybdenum (B.C.) Limited 51 Climax Molybdenum Company 66 Clinton Mining Division A 71 Club, 58° 132° N.W 11 coal 306 accidents, in and around 310 accidents, fatal 312 bumps and outbursts 315 dangerous occurrences 315 distribution 308 dividends A 48 fees and licences footnote labour and employment machine-mined price production A 61 ..A 17 .. 310 _ 313 ..A 20 A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31, A 42, A 43, 307 prosecutions 315 revenue A 61 supervision 315 coal dust 314 coal mines, electrical installations 327, 335 notes on 316 coal-preparation plants 310 Coast Copper Company Limited A 53, 153 electrical installations 334 Coates, J. A 80 Cob, 53° 127° S.E 57 cobalt, footnote A 17 production A 21 Cochrane, James 318 Coffey, C 137 Cohen, H. H 88, 89 coke and by-products, production A 44 coke-making 310 Coleman, E. T. 132 Coleman Collieries Limited 318, 324 Colonial Mines Ltd. 98 Columbia Bitulithic Limited, sand and gravel 202, 203 Columbia Gold Ltd. 178 Columbia Gypsum Company 184 Columbia River, 51° 118° N.W., placer 178 Columbia River Mines Ltd. A 56, 115 Comox. 49° 124° N.W, coal 317 electrical installations 335 Comox Mining Company Limited 317 electrical installations 335 fatal accident 312 competition, coal produced outside B.C. 310 computing production, methods of A 14 Conder, P. 116 Conley, P. I. 13 Connell, F. M. 13 Conservation Committee A 68 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, The, BAR 99 Big Ledge 130 Bluebell A 55, 118, 332 Boss Mountain 65 Domineer 155, 156 explosives 297 electric power 327 electrical installations fatal accidents H.B 332, 333 284, 286 A 55, 116, 305,332 345 INDEX Page Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, The, Hidden Valley 10 Kingfisher 108 Laverdiere 8 magnesite, Upper Perry Creek 193 Marysville magnesite 187, 191 Molly 8 Old Sport 153 Oliver Silica Quarry 207 Silver Diamond Sullivan Sunloch and Gabbro trophy Valley Copper Mines Vin Virginia, No. 14 ..A 54, 132, 304, 333 169 304, 305 85 131 101 Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited 155 Construction Aggregates Ltd, sand and gravel 205 contents A 5 Continental Bordignon Ltd 182 Continental Consolidated Mines Ltd. 88 Continental Marble and Granite Ltd. 182 Conwest Exploration Company Limited _ 13 Coolbaugh, F. 48 Cooper, L. 318 copper, deposits (see table) 337 dividends A 48 price A 20 production A 21-A 33, A 52 Copper Canyon, 50° 121° S.E 94 Copper Canyon Nos. 5 and 6, 54° 121° N.W, geophysical report 173 Copper Coin Group, 49° 118° S.W, geophysical and geochemical report 171 Copper Lake Explorations Ltd. 98 Copper Road, 50° 125° S.E 151 Copper Soo Mining Company Limited 133 Copperado, 50° 120 S.W. 95 Coquitlam Municipality, sand and gravel 202 Cordova, 50° 126° S.W. 153 Corean Mines Ltd. 122 Cork Province, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 121 electrical installations 332 Cormie, A. M. 167 Page Cornish, G. N. 46 Corrigan, Harry 319 Cosburn, S. S A 67, A 68 Coutts, R. C. 63 Coutts, R. G 61 Coveney, C. J. 86 Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. 169 dangerous occurrence 294 Cox, Raymond A 80 Coxey, 49° 117° S.W 113 Crabb, J. J. 323 Craig, J 204 Craig, R. J A 64, 297 Craigmont, 50° 120° S.W A 54, 92 electrical installations 331 fatal accidents 289, 292 Craigmont Mines Limited A 54, 92 electrical installations 331 fatal accidents 289, 292 Cranbrook, 49° 116° N.W, placer 177 Creery, L. C. 51 Creston, sand and gravel 202 Critchlow, Ralph, fatal accident 284 Crone, Peter 10 Cronin, 54° 126° N.W. A 52, 51 Cropper, S. E. 113, 125 Crowe, Warren A 56, 114, 115 Crown Zellerbach Canada Limited ..168, 187 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, The 318, 319 coke-making 310 electrical installations 335 trophy 304 crude oil, monthly production 267 monthly disposition 272 monthly value to producer 277 pipe-lines 281 refineries 282 Crystal Group, 49° 117° N.E, sand and gravel 206 Cullen, A. 318 Cultus Explorations Ltd. A 56, 129 electrical installations 333 Cumberland Mining Ltd. 155 Curmo, 50° 121° S.E 91 Curnow, W. T. 91 Curry, D. 120 D DA, 55° 126° S.E 53 DELL, 57° 131° S.E 17 Dahlke, K 137 Dakota Silver Mines Ltd. 131 Dalhousie Mining Co. Ltd. 39 Dalhousie Oil Company Limited 17 dangerous occurrences, coal mines 315 lode mines 293 Dannielson Contractors Ltd, sand and gravel 203 Dansev, C. W 88 Dat, 54° 125° S.E 61 Dave, 50° 120° N.W 85 Davenport, G. H. 81 Davev, William 322 Davidson, D. 121 Davis, G. 45 Dawson, W 19 Dawson Construction Co. 204 Deadman, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 125 Deadwood Lake, 59° 128° S.E. Dean, Richard S. Dease Lake area, 58° 129° S.E. Debenture, 54° 126° N.W. 10 . 119 11 52 Deeks-McBride Ltd, sand and gravel 202, 204 Deer, 51° 118° N.W 105 Deer, 54° 125° S.E. 61 Deer Horn Mines Limited 88 DeLeen, J. L 56, 57 Delia, 49° 125° N.E 156 Delia Lake, 49° 125° S.W 156 Delia Mines Ltd 157 Delphine, 50° 116° S.E 135 Delta Municipality, sand and gravel 205 De Paoli, Dino 315 Department of Highways, sand and gravel, Kent 203 Langley 204 Matsqui 203 Mission 203 INDEX 347 Page Department of Mines and Technical Surveys A 79 Geological Survey of Canada . field work. Mineral Resources Division Mines Branch publications „A 79 A 79 .A. 80 ..A 80 ..A 80 departmental work DeRosa, E. DeRosa, J. deVoogd, A. diatomite, footnote Quesnel production A 21, A 24, diesel locomotives Diewert, A. Dis, 54° 125° S.E. disposition, crude oil, monthly natural gas, monthly natural-gas liquids and sulphur Ditto, J. G. Dividend-Lakeview, 49° dividends, coal mines .. copper mines 119° S.E. lode-gold mines A 58 A 56, 124 123 85, 156 A 17 184 A 38 . 314 ._ 186 ._ 61 .. 272 .. 273 ._ 275 .. 133 .. 109 A 48 „A 48 ..A 46 paid 1963 and 1964 A 45 paid yearly 1917 to 1964 A 45 silver-lead-zinc mines A 47 Dodge Copper Mines Limited 152 Do Fo Jo Group, 53° 124° N.W, geochemical report 173 Dolly Varden Mines Ltd. Dolmage, Mason and Stewart dolomite, Crawford Creek Dome Petroleum Limited Domineer, 49° 125° N.E. Page -41, 43 ..... 48 ..... 184 .216, 217 .155, 156 Dominion Bureau of Statistics, co-operation with A 14 Dominion Ryan Trophy 304 Domtar Chemicals Limited (Lime Division) 186 Domtar Construction Materials Limited ._ 185 Donald, J. B 118 Doratty, Robert 319 Dot, 51° 122° S.W 81 electrical installations 331 Downs, Ken 202 .A 24, A 41 229 drain-tile, production drilling and land report drilling, petroleum and natural gas 218 Drybrough, J 11, 18, 20 Dudas, B. M 47 Duncan, 48° 123° N.W 168 Dundee Mines Ltd. 102 Dunn, A. 317 .13, 15, 17 22 297 _ 317 287 Dunn, W. St. C Dunwell, 55° 129 N.W dust control and ventilation Dutfield, G Dwyer, Patrick Maxwell, fatal accident E EE, 50° 123° N.E. 84 E. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd, sand and gravel 202 Earl, 50° 120° N.E 98 East Kootenay area, 49° 114° S.W, electrical installations 335 East Kootenay Inspection District, coal 318 East Kootenay Mine Safety Association, The 304 East Utah Mining Company 113 East Ventures Limited 136 Eastwood, G. E. P. _. A 65, A 66, 99 reports by, Boss Mountain 65-80 Pride of Emory 137-142 Ebert, J. H. E 126 Eberts, Henry 320, 321 Edoran Oil Corporation Ltd. 99 Edwards, A. E. 110 Edwards, Donald M 284 Eilers, Walter 168 electric power, coal mines 328 lode-metal mines 327 power plants 327 structural-material and industrial-mineral mines and quarries 328 electrical installations, coal mines 335 lode mines 329 structural-material and industrial-mineral mines and quarries 335 electricity 314 Elias, S. A 64 Elk, 54° 125° S.E 61 Ellis, E 315, 326 Ellis, W. S. 125 Elna, 49° 116° N.W A 55, 121 Elsmore, A. 126 Emel, R. 207 Empire Development Company Limited.. A 53, 104, 152 electrical installations 334 employment A 50 coal mines A 50, 310 Enco, 53° 124° N.W 62 Endako, 54° 125° S.E 58 Endako Mines Ltd 58, 61 Endersby, A. A 55, 116, 181 Enterprise Creek area, 49° 117° N.E 126 Ericksen-Ashbv Mines Ltd. 9 Erie Creek, 49° 117° S.E 115 Estella, 49° 115° N.W. 133 Eutsuk Lake area 57 Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited, sand and gravel 205 Evans, W. F. 97 Ewers, K. G. A 54, 108, 109 examinations, assayers A 63 expenditure, principal items A 49 exploratory test-holes drilled, petroleum and natural gas 234 explosives, coal mines 313 used in mines 297 Ext Group, 48° 124° S.E, geological report 171 348 INDEX Page F.L, 50° 126° S.W A 52, 153 FRM Nos. 26-45, 49° 120° N.W, geophysical and geochemical report 171 Fairey, L. T. 183 Fairey & Company Limited 183, 184 Fairview Mining Company 109 Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited.. .45, 47, Falkins, R. Fandora, 49° 125° S.W. ... Faraday Uranium Mines Limited. Farrell, James A. Farris, D. F. 145, 155 122 166 125 115 135 .A 52, fatal accidents, lode mines 283 coal mines 312 Fiedler, Ed 205 field work, Mineralogical Branch A 66 Geological Survey of Canada- first aid first-class certificates Fiva, Gunn Flo, 52° 131° S.E fluorspar, footnote production fluxes, footnote production Fly Hill, 50° 119° Forster, George A 79 . 301 . 315 - 36 . 46 A 17 ..A 21, A 38 A 17 N.E. ..A 21, A 24, A 38 105 127 Fort Langley Aggregates, sand and gravel 204 Fort Nelson Gas Treating Plant, The 224 Fort Reliance Minerals Limited—64, 100, 101 Page Fort St. John, sand and gravel 202 Fort Steele, 49° 115° N.W, placer 177 Fort Steele Mining Division A 71 Foster, R. W 137 Foster, W. F 182 Foundation Mines Limited 137 Fowler, H. M 18 Fox, G. D. A 55, 115 Fran, 54° 125° S.E 61 Frankie's Construction, sand and gravel... 202 Franklin Camp, 49° 118° N.E 112 Franklin Mines Limited 112 Fraser Valley Lime Supplies 186 Freberg, R. A 18 Freddy, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 126 French Peak, 54° Fried, L. A 52 127° N.E. .A 55, A 56, 123, 124, 125 Frobisher, M 318 Fromholz, W 19 Frosst, J. B. 10 Fryters, M. 126 fuels, footnote A 17 methods of computing production A 31 production ..— A 21, A 22, A 24, A 42, A 43, A 44 Fulton, D. J. A 54 Fulton, H. B A 68 Fulton, R. J. A 79 Fustos, A. 86 Fyles, James T. reports by A 65, A 66 .130, 131, 136 G GC, 57° 131° S.E. 15 G & A Trucking Ltd, sand and gravel 205 G & H Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd 205 Gabbro, 48° 124° S.E 169 Gabel, Robert Louis, fatal accident 292 Galaxy Minerals Ltd. 97 Galena, 55° 129° N.W 45 Galena Farm, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 126 Gallagher, Clair 185 Galore Creek, 57° 131° S.E 15 Gam Claims, 49° 125° N.W, geological and geophysical report 171 Ganda Silver Mines Ltd. 110 Gar, 50° 121° S.E 92 Garland, L. N A 55, 122 Garnett, W. E 113, 118 Garraway, A. J. 326 gas-distribution system 224 gas-field reservoir data 236 gas-gathering system 223 gas-oil ratio adjustment factors 217 gas-processing plants 224, 280 gas-transmission system 224 Geisterfer, P. E. 135 Gem, 49° 119° S.E 109 Gem, 49° 121° N.W 143 Gem Explorations Limited 143 ..91, 92 General Resources Ltd. geophysical exploration, petroleum and natural gas 231 George, Cyril Alexander, fatal accident... 284 George, Ralph E. 203 Gerrard, S 325 Gething, L 326 Gething, Q. F. (King) 325 Giant Explorations Limited 136, 296 Giant Mascot Mines Limited...A 53, 136, 137 Gibson, G. M. 99, 131 Gibson, W. Clarke .136, 137 Gibsons Building Supply, sand and gravel 205 Gifford, R. G 8, 108 Gilbart, K. C. A 67 Gilleland, H. 51 Gilroy, O. C 137 Girou, Roger 320 Glacier Gulch, 54° 127° N.E 51 Gladman, V. 144 Gleed, Thomas F 319 Glover, M. H. A. A 68 Goat, 56° 129° S.E 23 Goat, 57° 131° S.E 17 geological and geochemical report 174 Godfrey, T. J. R. 53 Goebels, W 105 gold, deposits (see table) 337 dividends A 46 footnote A 17 price A 20 production Gold Belt, 49° 117° S.E. A 21-A 33, A 52 A 55, 116 Gold Commissioners, list of A 59 office statistics A 60 Gold Flake, 49° 125° S.W 166 Goodenough, 49° 117° S.E 115 Goodenough, 50° 119° S.E 104 Gordon, K. 124 Gore, B. G. 11, 15, 61, 63, 64 Gouthreau, Pat 88 Gower, J. A 53, 55 Grady, J. O 206 INDEX 349 Page 131 Graham, John Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company Limited, The 19 Granby Mining Company Limited, The.. A 54, 23 electrical installations 332 Granby River area, 49° 118° S.E 111 Granduc, 56° 130° S.E 18 Granduc Mines Limited electrical installations Granite Falls Quarries Ltd. Grant, G. .18, 19 .... 329 .... 182 _.. 13 Grant Materials & Equipment Ltd, sand and gravel 204 granules, footnote A 17 production A 21, A 24, A 38 Greenaway, J. M. 186 Greenlee, B. B. 144 Greenwood area, 49° 118° S.W 110 Greenwood Mining Division A 71 Greenwood, J. H. Griffin, D. L Grimes, R. A. Page . 121 A 68 . 124 Grohman Creek, 49° 117° N.E, sand and gravel 206 Grouse Creek, 53° 121° S.E, placer 176 Grouse Creek Mines Ltd. 176 Grove, E. W. A 65, A 66 reports by 18-19, 21-23 grub-staking prospectors A 69 Grundy, P. F. 317 Guiget, Marcel 65 ... 283 _ 175 11 185 184 gypsum and gypsite, footnote A 17 production A 21, A 24, A 39 Gum, Robin Dennis, fatal accident Gunn, Jack Gutrath, G. gypsum, Canal Flats Windermere H HAB, 57° 131° S.E. H.B, 49° 117° S.E. . electrical installations . John T. Ryan Trophy . mine-rescue competition 15 .A 55, 116 332 304 117 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association trophy 305 HM, 54° 128° N.E 47 H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Ltd 21, 51, 133 Hackin, Henry '...,.:..' 89 Hadgkiss, J. 183 Hagerty, A. W. 167 Haimila, N. A 65 Hainsworth, W. G. Hall, Coley Hall, E. H. Hallbauer, R. E. ... Hallberg, J. A. Halstead, E. C. ... Hambly, Joe .113, 118, 122 99 81 92 89 A 79 122, 126 A 68 182 Hamersley, M. B. Hamilton, R. W Hampton, M. O. 11 Haney Brick and Tile Limited, clay and shale 183 sand and gravel 202 Hanna Gold Mines Ltd. 10 electrical installations 329 Hansen, V. C A 55, 126 Harbour National Resources 191 Harquail, J. A. 64, 100 Harriet Harbour, 52° 131° S.E A 53, 46 electrical installations 330 Harris. D. R 176 Harrison, C. V 57 Harrison, W. H. 57 Harrison Lake area, 49° 121° N.W 143 Hart, Gordon 194 Hart, John 194 Harvey Creek Mines Ltd. 177 Haskins, R. E. 182 Hasler Creek Coal, 55° 122° N.W 325 Hawley, R. G 11 Hecla, 49° 117° N.E A 55, 125 Heddle, D. W 8, 85 Hedley, M. S. reports by A 65 .15, 47, 48, 52, 53, 91, 97, 104, 113, 124, 125 Heim, R. C 65 Helicopter Exploration Co. Ltd. 19 Hemsworth, F. J. 62, 109, 122 Hendricks, J. L. 115 A 54, 100 289 100 155 176 129 Hendrickson, A. W. Hendsbee, W. E, fatal accident _ Henning, Mount, 49° 120° N.W. Herbert Inlet, 49° 125° S.W Heron Company Hewat, Harry Hewitt, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 126 Hidden Valley, 59° 128° S.E 10 High, W. 304, 316, 318 Highland-Bell, 49° 119° S.E A 53, 109 Highland Valley area, 50° 120° N.W 85 electrical installations 331 Highmont, 50° 120° S.W 89 Hilchey, Gordon 110 Hill, H. L. (see H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Ltd.) 13, 17, 62 Hinckley, 49° 117° N.E 123 Hingley, G 111 Hirst, P. E. 55 Hixon Creek, 53° 122° S.W, placer 175 Hixon Placers Incorporated 175 Hobbs, A. W. A 68 Holberg Inlet, 50° 128° N.E 154 Holberg Mines Ltd. 154 Holdfast Natural Resources Ltd. 183 Holdfast Pozzolan Limited 183 Holland, F. 137 Holland, Stuart S A 65 Holmes, 49° 117° S.W A 55, 115 Holmes, Capt. W. L. H A 55, 115 Holmwood, Alfred 104 Homenuke, Steve A 52, 50 Homestake, 51° 119° S.W. 99 Homestake Silver Ltd. 99 Hood, W. C, Jr 10 Hope area, 49° 121° S.W 137 sand and gravel 202 Hopkins, Harold A 54, 100 Horn Silver, 49° 119° S.W 102 Horsethief Creek, 50° 116° N.E. 135 350 INDEX Howden, Wm. Howe, A. C.. Howe Sound area, 49° 123° electrical installations sand and gravel N.E.. Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited Hudson Bay Mountain Silver Mines Ltd. A 52, Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company Limited Huestis, H. H. Page 168 110 144 333 205 .65, 81, 86, 104, 18 51 217 166 Huestis Mining Corporation Ltd.__47, 85, 112 Hughes, E. R. A 64 Hughes, J. E. Hughes, Sidney Hulbert, Vans H. Humbolt, 49° 116° N.W. Hummer, 54° 128° S.E. .. Hungerford, R. M. Hunstone, R. W. Hunter, I. A. Hurley River Mines Ltd. Hurry, P. Hutchison, W. W. Huus, P. K. hydro-magnesite, footnote production Page A 65 320 -.319, 323 A 54, 132 47 183 114 207 94 129 A 79 A 68 A 17 A 21, A 24, A 38 IC, 50° 121° S.E I.X.L, 49° 117° S.W Idaho, 49° 117° N.E Ideal Cement Company Limited electrical installations ..A 56, ..A 56, 114 123 186 335 Imperial Limestone Company Limited- 186 trophy 305 Imperial Metals and Power Ltd 100, 325 Imperial Oil Limited 216 Independence, 49° 120° N.W 100 Index, 50° 122° N.E 84 industrial minerals 179 production...A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31, A 38 Ingram, W. L. A 67, A 68 Inland Quarries Ltd. 182 Inspection Branch A 64 inspection committees 314 inspection of electrical equipment 327 inspection of lode mines, placer mines, and quarries 283 instructors, mine-rescue stations A 64 Inter-Can Development Company Ltd. 152 International Marble & Stone Company Limited 181, 184 introduction A 9 Inverarity, Wm. 152 iron, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 17 production . Iron Mike, 50° 125 Iron Mountain, 49° 117 electrical installations iron oxide, footnote production Irwin, F. Irwin, J. A 21 S.W. A 24, A 34, A 52 152 S.E 117 332 A 17 Iskut River area, 56° 130° N.W. Island Ready-Mix Ltd. Isle, 53° 130° S.E. Iva Lenore, 49° 118° S.W Ives, J. S A 21, A 38 46 ...A 56, 124 18 205 47 111 10 J. A. Ruelle and Associates A 56, 114 JB, 54° 128° N.E. 47 JET, 57° 131° S.E 17 Jack, James H 186 Jack Cewe Ltd, sand and gravel 202 Jackson, C. G. 94 Jackson, S. A. 10 jade, production A 21, A 24, A 39 Jae, 50° 120° S.W 91 James, A. R. C A 64, 315 reports by .....136, 137-142, 143-146, 153-157, 166-168, 182, 186, 200, 317 Jane Claims, 56° 125° S.W. and 56° 126° S.W, geophysical report 173 Jay, 50° 121° S.E 92 Jay No. 10, 54° 125° S.E 58 Jedway Iron Ore Limited A 53, 46 electrical installations 330 fatal accident 285 Jeffery, W. G. A 65, A 66 report by, Western Mines Limited ..157-166 Jeletzky, J. A. A 80 Jen, 53° 124° N.W 63 Jericho Mines Ltd. 89 Jersey, 49° 117° S.E A 55, 117 Jessiman, K. 182 Jib, 51° 131° N.W 46 Jim Bakken and Associates 181 Jodee Explorations Limited 63 John T. Ryan Trophy 304 Johnsby Mines Limited A 55, 125, 126 Johnson, D. L. A 68 186 111 122 51 129 129 169 11 Johnson, J. K. Johnston, Dennis JoJo, 50° 117° S.E Jonson, D. Jordan, F. D Jordan, F. H. Jordan River, 48° 124° S.E. Joy, 58° 129° S.E. Nos. 1-32, geological, geophysical, and geochemical report 174 Julian Mining Co. Ltd, Ann, Su 15 Bat 64 Bell 61 Deer, Elk, Nu, Dis, Dat 61 Endako 58 fatal accident 283 KO 63 Thorn, Club, Kay 11 Jumbo, 49° 117° N.E 126 Jumbo, 53° 127° S.W 56 INDEX 351 K KO, 54° 124° S.W. Kamloops area, 50° sand and gravel. 120° N.E. Page 63 97 202 Kamloops Copper Company Ltd. 92 Kamloops Copper Consolidated Ltd 92 Kamloops Mining Division A 71 95 172 96 121 172 103 174 20 11 121 Kan, 50° 120° S.W. geophysical report Kangas, F. Kaslo area, 49° 117° N.E Kat Claims, 50° 117° S.E, geophysical and geochemical report Kathleen, Mount, 49° 119° N.W Kay, 56° 127° S.W, geochemical report Kay, 56° 130° N.E Kay, 58° 132° N.W Keen Creek, 49° 117° N.E electrical installations 332 Keetcha, 53° 130° S.E 47 Keevil Mining Group Ltd. 15 Keithley Creek, 52° 121° N.E, placer-. 176 Kellogg, Mr. 176 Kelly, Jack A 56, 126 Kelly, John 176 Kelly, Sherwin F 95, 96 Kennco Explorations (Western), Limited, Berg CAFB Cob Goat, Kim — Joy Len Whit Kennedy, R. W. Kennedy, W. S. .. Kennedy Lake, 49° S.E. 56 57 57 17 11 53 55 92 9 167 334 125 electrical installations Kent Municipality, sand and gravel ... .. 203 Kentucky, 49° 120° N.W. 96 Keremeos area, 49° 119° S.W 102 Kermeen, J. S. 111 Kerr-Addison Gold Mines Limited Kesler, Adrian Keystone, 55° 129° N.W. Kim, 57° 131° S.E. King Gething Mines Kingfisher, 50° 118° N.W geological and geophysical report.. Kinney, L. M. Kinrade, C. Kindrat, Paul Kinvig, Tom Kirbyville Creek, 51° 118° Kirkham, R. V. .. reports by ..A 53, .117, 304, Page 17 123 25 17 geological and geochemical report 174 Kimberley, 50° 120° N.E 98 Kimberley area, 49° 115° N.E 132 electrical installations 333 placer 178 Kindle, E. D A 80 325 108 172 133 319 52 177 N.W, placer 178 A. 65, A 66 48-51 132 203 204 56 124 178 144 322 205 176 176 116 84 187 187 177 319 321 120 319 185 Kirkpatrick, W. S Kirkpatrick Sand and Gravel Ltd. Kitsul Bros. Gravel Sales Ltd. _ Kiss, L. Kleim, Ted Kludash, W. Knaebel, J. D. Kniert, Kenneth Knight Gravel Ltd, sand and gravel. Koopmans, Ike Koopmans, Lambert Kootenay Belle, 49' Koblanski, E. 117° S.E A 55, Koeye Limestone (1962) Koeye River Kotush, P. Krall, John Ltd. Krall, Thomas Krao, 49° 116 Kusnir, Paul kyanite, Creston N.W. A 56, L.R, 50° 117° S.E, geological report...... 172 labour and employment, coal mines 310 Lac la Hache area, 52° 120° S.W. Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd... Beale Quarries Division Lajo Mines Limited Lake Group, 50° 120° S.W Lamb, J. 102, Lamint Mining Corporation Ltd A 56, Lancaster, George 323, Lane, T A 55, A 56, Lang, Ernest 65 183 186 121 94 104 121 324 120 176 Langley Municipality, sand and gravel 204 Larch Mining Limited A 56, 123 Lardeau, north, 50° 117° N.W 130 Lardeau, south, 50° 117° S.W 131 Larsen, Mr. 176 Lasser Trucking Co, sand and gravel 202 Last Chance, 55° 129° N.W 25, 43 Laura, 50° 120° N.E. 98 Laverdiere, 59° 134° S.E. 8 Lawrence, S. J. 317, 318 Lazenby, H. S. 155 lead, deposits (see table) dividends footnote price production Learning, S. F. Learmonth, A. J.. Lee, G. J Leech, G. B. LeFevre, R. Leighton, C. Leitch, H. C. Len, 51° 118° Len, 53° 127° Len, 55° 127' Lenora, 48' -A21-A33, B. N.W N.E ' N.E. 123° N.W Leo, 54° 125° S.E. and 54° Leonard, G. E. A 53, 124° S.W.-. _ 337 ..A 47 ..A 17 ..A 20 A 52 .A 80 .. 81 A 64 ..A 79 - 113 . 154 . 99 . 105 . 53 48 168 62 102 Lepp Trucking, sand and gravel 204 Lewis, Glyn 317 Lewis mine, 49° 123° S.W 317 Liard Mining Division A 71 Lightning Creek, 53° 122° S.E, placer.... 176 Lillooet area, 50° 122° N.W 80 Lillooet Mining Division ..A 72 352 INDEX Page lime and limestone, production Lime Creek area, geology of limestone, Blubber Bay Cobble Hill Koeye River Popkum Vananda Lind, C. _A 21, A 24, A 40 24 186 187 187 186 186 120 Lintons Construction Co. Ltd, sand and gravel 205 Lilly, 53° 130° S.E 47 Linda, 53° 124° N.W 62 Lindberg, P. A 89 Lineham, J. D. Little, H. W. Little, J. D. A 2, A 67 A 79 45 Little Snowshoe Creek, 52° 121° N.E, placer 177 Littler, Albert 322 Lisbon Creek, 49° 115° N.W, placer 178 Lisle, T. 112 Liversidge, R. W. 88 lode metals, deposits (see table) 337 dividends A 45 electric power .327, 329 Page lode metals, employment A 50, A 57 methods of computing production A 15 production A21-A 37 Lodge, 50° 120° N.W 85 Logan, T. D A 56 London, 50° 117° S.E 122 London, 50° 122° S.W 146 London Pride Silver Mines Ltd A 55, 121 electrical installations 332 Lornex Mining Corporation Ltd. 88 Lorntzsen, E. H 88, 89 Loudon No. 6 mine, 49° 124° S.E 317 Louis Salvador & Son 202 Lowhee Creek, 53° 121° S.W, placer 175 Lucky Luke, 54° 128° S.E 47 Lucky Luke Mining Co. Ltd. 47 Lucky Ship, 54° 127° S.E 53 Lustdust, 55° 125° N.E. 53 Lurgi Corporation 100, 325 Lyn Group, 56° 130° N.E, geophysical report 174 Lynx, 49° 125° N.W 157 Lyon, H A 55, 126 Lytton area, 50° 121° S.E. 84 Lytton Minerals Limited 84 Mc and Mac McArthur, J. K. McArthur, W. E. McArthur, W. E, Sr. McAskill, J. A. McAuley, T. J, fatal accident MacBeth, J. ... 204 ... 167 ... 166 - 143 ... 289 ... 23 McC Nos. 39-42, 78-79, 54° 125° N.W, geochemical report 173 McCammon, J. W. A 65, A 66 reports by 81, 182-185, 200, 206, 207 magnesite 187-200 McClellan, A. J. 46 McClelland, T. H 58 McClung, Wm 177, 178 McCormack, John Roul, fatal accident 290 McCrae, D. G. 176 McCrea, J. L. 153 McDame, 59° 129° S.W, electrical installations 335 McDame Belle, 59° 129° S.E 11 McDearmid, J. M. 117 McDiarmid, N. H. 94, 100 Macdonald, Bruce C. 84 MacDonald, Francis J 182 MacDonald, Oswood G 169 McDougall, A. J. 46 McDougall, J. J 47 MacDougall, Russell 175 McGauley Ready-Mix, sand and gravel.... 202 McGonigle, F. A. 13, 17, 62, 91 McGuire, Andrew 176 Mcintosh, J. S. 134, 135 Mcintosh Sand and Gravel 203 Mclntyre, Harvey 121 Mclntyre Porcupine Mines Limited 17 MacKay, T. S 45 McKechnie, J. S. 105 McKechnie, N. D A 65, A 66, A 68 reports by 95, 96, 102-105, 110, 111 MacKenzie, Angus G. 177 McKenzie, H. 115 McKinney, J. E 136 McKinney Gold Mines Limited 114 MacKinnon, R. J. 137 McLean, J. R 127 McLeod, D 21 McLeod, R. R A 67, A 68 McMartin Explorations Ltd. 176 McMichael, R. R 116 McMillan, Ian 167 McMillan, W. J 8 McNeil, Charles 65 McNulty, James M. 168 McPhail's Cartage Co. Ltd, sand and gravel 205 McPherson, A. M. 157 McPherson, William 179, 207 Macrae, R. 11, 15, 61, 63, 64 McRae Creek area, 49° 118° S.E 112 MacRitchie, N. D. 182 McVeigh, Frank 322 McVicar, 49° 122° N.W 146 M M Nos. 1-23 and 69, 54° geophysical report MESS, 57° 131° S.E 127° N.E, M.J.M, 54° 124° S.W. MLM, 50° 120° S.W.. geophysical report.. 173 17 MEST, 57° 131° S.E 17 64 91 172 MS, 54° 125° S.E. Nos. 1-9, geochemical report M.S.A. Paving Co. Ltd. Mabel Lake area, 51° 118° N.W. Mac, 52° 131° S.E. 62 .. 173 203 105 46 .185, 207 Maddess, Ralph Magee, J. B 134, 135 INDEX 353 magnesite magnesium, footnote production Page .. 187 .A 17 .A 21, magnesium sulphate, footnote production A 34 A 17 ..A 21, A 38 Magnum Consolidated Mining Co. Ltd. 15, 45 Mainland Clay Products Limited 183 120° N.E. Mairs, W. T. Makaoo, 50' Makaoo Development Company Limited Mai, 48° 124° N.W Mamit Lake Mining Ltd. Mammoth, 49° 117° N.E Mammoth, 49° 121° S.E manganese, deposits (see table) footnote production Manifold, A. H. 186 98 98 168 91 125 137 337 A 17 _A21, A 34 . 158 50 Mannard, G. W. maps showing mineral claims, placer claims, and placer-mining leases A 76 Marasek, Benjamin 129 marl, Popkum 200 Marshall Creek Copper Co. Ltd. 168 Martini, N. 64, 96 Martino, J. A. 181 Marysville Magnesite Belt, 49° N.W. Mason, E. E. 115° Mastodon-Highland Bell Mines Limited. A 53, Mathias, D. L. 187 176 109 99 118 Mathieu, Maurice Matsqui Municipality, sand and gravel 203, 204 Matthew, P. Maus Creek, R. 49° 115° Maus Minerals Ltd. _ Mawer, A. B. Max, 56° 130° S.E. . Menduk, Stanley N.W, placer- mercury, deposits (see table) footnote production Tyaughton Creek. Merrell, Mrs. K. I. . Merrett, J. E. reports by 154, 166, 168, .A 21, A 24, .146- 186, 111 177 177 10 19 321 337 A 18 A 34 . 81 94 A 64 169, 182, 183, 186, 187 Merrican International Mines Limited 46 Merrifield, T Merritt area, 50° 120° S.E. electrical installations Merry Widow, 50° 127° S.E. 1_ Mess Creek area, 57° 131° S.E. Messner, F. B. Metal Mines Limited 122 92 331 ..A 53, 152 17 52 114 metals, computing production A 15 dividends A 45 prices A 20 production A 21-A 37 Metcalfe, S A 2, A 62 Meteor, 49° 117° N.E. A 56, 129 electrical installations 333 mica, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 24, A 39 Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. dangerous occurrence electrical installations fatal accident labour and employment Midan Mine, 49° 123° S.W. Midway, 49° 115° N.W. .318, Page 319 315 335 312 310 316 132 113 113 Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines, Ltd. Mid-West Mines Limited A 56, Mihalnuk, Michael 322 Mik, 53° 130° S.E 47 Mike, Mike 1, and Mike 2, 49° 116° S.W, kyanite 185 Milavsky, D. Mill, G. L Millar, C. F. millisecond delay detonators Mills, Frank Mills, H. B. Milner, W. B. .61, 156, 122, 182 157 98 314 126 175 8, 9 mine rescue, safety, and first aid 301 mine surveyors' certificates 315 Mineral King, 50° 116° S.E A 54, 134 Mineralogical Branch A 65 Minex, 50° 120° S.W 89 Minex Development Ltd. 89, 109 Mining Corporation of Canada, Limited, The 146 mining recorders, list of A 59 office statistics A 60 mining-roads A 75 Mission Municipality, sand and gravel... 203 Mitchell, M 304 Mitchell, W. A 178 Mitsubishi International Corporation 154 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Company, Ltd. 85 Mo, 54° 125° S.E. and 54° 124° S.W.- 62 Mohawk, 55° 129° N.W 25 Mohler, G. T. A 68 Moir, Rosalyn J. A 65 molybdenum, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 18 production A 21, A 24, A 36 Molly, 53° 124° N.W 62 Molly, 54° 128° N.E 47 Molly, 55° 127° N.E 48 Molly, 59° 134° S.E 8 Moly, 55° 127° N.E 48 Moneta Porcupine Mines Ltd. 124 Monilee, 49° 116° N.W, placer 177 Mooney, M. G. 91 Moore, C. J. S 144 Moore, T. 105 Moose, 55° 129° N.W 44 Moresby Island, 52° 132° N.E 45 Morgan, D. R A 64, 310, 315, 318 reports by .....132-135, 179, 183-185, 207, 318-325 Morgan, Irving 319 Morice Lake area, 54° Morris, D. D. Morris, J. E. Morris, J. Royden 127° S.E.. 53 132 319 65 Mosquito Creek, 53° 121° S.W, placer.... 175 Mount Henning, 49° 120° N.W 100 Mount Kathleen area, 49° 118° N.W 103 Mount Washington Milling Company Ltd. 155 electrical installations 334 354 INDEX Page Mountain Copper Company of California Limited 177, 178 Mountain Minerals Limited, barite 179, 200 clay and shale 183 silica 207 Moyie, 49° 115° N.W 132 Mt. Sicker Mines Ltd A 53 Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd. 155 Mulcahy, P. J. Muller, J. E. Muraro, T. W. Murphy, 49° 121° S.W. museums Mussallem, N. Myra Falls Mines Ltd. .. Page .A. 2, A 68 A 79 85 143 A 75 137 157 N NH, 57° 131° S.E 13 Nakusp area, 50° 117° S.W 129 Nanaimo, 49° 123° S.W, coal 316 Nanaimo Lakes, 49° 124° S.E. 168 Nanaimo Mining Division A 72 Nassichuk, P 205 Native Mines Limited 52 natro-alunite, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 39 natural gas, computing production A 16 footnote A 18 monthly disposition 273 monthly production 268 monthly value to producer 277 production A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31 revenue A 61 natural-gas liquid by-products, footnote ... A 18 monthly disposition 275 monthly value to producer 277 production A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31 natural-gas pipe-lines 278 Nav, 50° 121° S.E 84 Navajo Mines Ltd. 62 Nekrasov, Boris 97 Nel Nos. 1-20, 50° 121° N.E, geophysical report 172 Nelson area, 49° 117° S.W 115 sand and gravel 202 Nelson Mining Division A 72 Nelway area, 49° 117° S.E 117 electrical installations 332 NePe, 50° 117° S.W 129 Nesbitt, B. I 129 Nesbitt, Harry 95, 96 Nesbitt, J. A 56, 124 Neugebauer, H. E. O. A 65 New Ainsworth Base Metals Limited A 53, 152 New Arlington, 49° 117° S.E A 55, 115 New Cronin Babine Mines Limited A 52, 51, 52 New Hamil Silver Lead Mines Ltd.-A 52, 166 New Indian Mines Ltd. 62 New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd 10, 98, 146 New Privateer Mines Limited 154 New Taku Mines Ltd. 8, 9 New Westminster Mining Division A 73 Newconex Canadian Exploration Limited 9, 10 Newman, 54° 126° N.E. 52 Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited 11, 18, 19, 20, 23 Nicholas, G. 318 nickel, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 18 production A 21, A 24, A 36 Nickel Plate, 49° 120° S.E 102 Nicola area, 50° 120° S.W 94 Nicola Mining Division A 73 Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 325 Nig, 50° 121° S.E 92 Nithi Mountain area, 53° 124° N.W 62 Nitinat, 48° 124° N.W 168 Nittetsu Mining Consultants 46 No. 1 mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 321 No. 14, 49° 120° S.E. and S.W 101 Nonie Group, 56° 127° S.W, geochemical report 174 Noradco Mines Limited 23 Noranda Exploration Company, Limited 52, 53, 66, 154 Noranda Mines Limited (Boss Mountain Division) 65, 167 electrical installations 330 Norby Bros. Constructions Ltd, sand and gravel 202 Norford, B. S A 79, A 80 Norman, G. W. H 18, 19 Norpax Nickel Mines Ltd. 84 Norris, D. K A 80 Norris, Garnet 206 Norse, Lee 335 North, Eric 175 North Barriere Lake, 51° 119° S.W 99 North Kootenay Lake area, 49° 116° N.W. 118 North Pacific Mines Ltd. 88 North Thompson area, 51° 119° S.W 99 North Wellington, 49° 124° S.E, coal.... 317 Northern Coal Mines Ltd. 326 Northern Inspection District 325 Northland Navigation Company 46 Northwest, 54° 128° S.E. 48 Northwest Ventures Ltd. 85, 104, 112 notes, coal mines 316 products A 16 Novak, A 182 Nu, 54° 125° S.E 61 o Oates, E. C. ..- 104, S.W. . Observatory Inlet area, 55° 129' Ocean Cement Limited (B.C. Cement Division), cement limestone 152 45 182 187 sand and gravel. trophy .202, 204, 205 305 Ocean Cement Limited (Gilley Quarry)... 182 ochre, footnote A 17 production A 21, A 38 Ogilvey, A. C 185 oil and gas production report 228 oil-field reservoir data 235 oil-gathering system 224 INDEX 355 Oil Participations Incorporated oil refineries oil-transmission system Old Sport, 50° 127° S.E Oliver area, 49° 119° S.W. Oliver Silica Quarry, 49° 119° Olson, P. E. Page 124 224 224 A 53, 153 108 S.W, silica 207 A 64 reports by—110-132, 177, 178, 181, 206 Olts, E. M. 91 Omelaniec, S. 204 Omineca Mining Division Orecan Mines Ltd. Oscarson, D. J. Osoyoos area, 49° 119° S.E. Osoyoos Mining Division Ottawa, 49° 117° N.E. Ottawa Silver Mines Limited outbursts Outrider, 50° 120° Ozols, A. S.W. Page A. 73 152 177 109 A. 74 ..A 56, 127 A 56, 127 315 85 65 PH, 57° 131° S.E. 13 P. Heppner & Son, sand and gravel 203 P & W Development Co. Ltd, sand and gravel 205 Pacific Coal Limited, The Pacific Silica Limited 318, 325 207 PaCo Cement Products Ltd, sand and gravel 205 palladium, footnote production Panama, 50° 117° S.E. Par, 49° 120° N.W. _ Paradise, 50° 116° S.E Paramount, 49° 125° N.W. Parsons, Henry A. 18 A 21, A 36 122 97 135 157 322 Parsons Tractor Services Ltd, sand and gravel 205 Pasiaud, Roger 322 Pat Claims, 54° 125° S.E, geophysical and geochemical report 173 Patino Mining Corporation Ltd, The 84 Patricia, 49° 119° N.W. 103 Pay, 49° 120° S.W 96 Payco Mines Ltd. 96 Peace River, 56° 122° S.E, coal 325 Peace River Coal Mines Ltd. 325 Peachland area, 49° 119° N.W 103 Peck, J. W, Chief Inspector- A 2, A 64, 283 report by 283-305 Peel Resources Limited 89, 94 Pegg, Alfred 123 Pemberton area, 50° 123° N.E. 84 Pend Oreille Mines and Metals Company 133 Pengelly, W. D 123 Penny, L. J. A 56 Penny, 57° 131° S.E 15 Pentecost, N. 176 Pentland. W. S 95 Perenolkin, E. perlite, footnote . production . Perry, O. S. A 56, 124 A 18 A 21, A 39 109 Perry Creek, 49° 115° N.W., placer 178 Perrv Creek, Upper, 49° 116° S.E, magnesite . 193 Petersen, D. 61, 63 Peterson, G. H. 183 petroleum, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31 revenue A 61 Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch, administration A 67, 210 development section 218 field office 213 field work 213 general review 212 geological section 214 .A 56, 126 .A54, 111 Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch, land disposition 211 reservoir section 216 revenue 211 Petrosky, Michael Joseph, fatal accident.. 286 Pettoello, Isaac 312 Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada Limited 56 Phillips, R. C 125 Philp, R 89 Pho, Frank Phoenix, 49° 118° S.W. Phoenix area, 49° 118° S.W ..Ill electrical installations 332 Phoenix Copper Company Limited 111 phosphate rock, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 39 Pierre, W. H. 85 Pine Pass, 55° 122° N.W, coal 325 Pingston Creek area, 50° 118° N.E 130 Pinkerton, E. K. 154 pipe-lines 223 crude oil 281 natural gas 278 Pitcher, P. N 45, 153 Pitkethley Brothers Limited 183 Pitt Meadows District Municipality. 202 placer 175 Placer Creek, 49° 116° S.W. 207 Placer Development Limited 117 platinum, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 24, A 36 Pogo, 53° 124° N.W 62 Pogo Nos. 1-4, 48° 124° N.E, geological report 171 Polaris Taku, 58° 133° N.W 8 Polischuk, P. 94, 95 Pollock, W. 117 Polly Ann, 51° 120° N.E 99 Pompu, Andy 115 Popkum, 49° 121° S.W, marl 200 Porcupine, 50° 120° S.W 95 building-stone 181 Porritt, R. V 167 Porter, R. M. 132 Porter Idaho, 55° 129° N.W 22 Portland Canal area, 56° 130° S.E 21 Portman, A. E. 184 Postle, L. T. 46, 111 Potlach-Banker, 58° 133° N.W 8 pottery, glazed or unglazed, production A 24, A 41 Powell, Edward John, fatal accident 283 Powell River, sand and gravel 205 Powelson, J. M. 9 power plants, electrical installations 327 356 INDEX Page Poznikoff, F. 104 Premier Gold Mining Company, Ltd 21 Premier Sand and Gravel Company Limited 202 Prentice, W. R 319 preparation plant, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 323 Prescott, V. M.. Preston, S. G. _ Price, F. L. C. . Price, R. A. 64, 96 ...-A 68 Price, 49° 125° N.W.... Price Creek Mines Ltd. prices Pride of Emory, 49° 121° S.W— Prince George, sand and gravel Pringle, D. W. Privateer, 50° 126° S.W. producible wells .13, 17, 62, 91, 94 A 80 157 157 A 20 ..A 53, 137 202 86 154 264 Pagb producing wells 264 production, coal 306 crude oil, monthly 267 natural gas, monthly 268 petroleum and natural gas 221 production statistics, summary 271 prosecutions, coal mines 315 lode mines 296 Prospect Tunnel, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 322 proved reserves, crude oil 238 Ptarmigan, 50° 116° N.E 135 publications A 76 petroleum and natural gas 230 Pundata Mining Limited 177 Purdex Minerals Limited 48, 84 Puttock, Nigel W 184 Pyper, J. R. 134, 135 Pyramid, 49° 120° N.W 96 Quadling, H. Quadra Island, 50° 125° S.E. Quatsino, 50° 127° S.W. 203 151 154 Quatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited 92 Queen, 49° 117° S.E A 55, 116 Queen Charlotte Islands, 52° 132° N.E... 45 Quesnel River, 52° 121° N.W, placer 176 Quinalta Petroleum Ltd. 103, 104 R R, 50° 123° N.E 84 R. & P. Metals Corporation Ltd. 62 Racicot Syndicate 15 Rae, D. H A 70 Rainbow, 49° 119° N.W 103 Ralph, 54° 126° N.W 52 Ram, 54° 127° S.E 53 Ramage, Ben 119, 286, 304 Rancheria Mining Co. Ltd. 9 Rat, 49° 119° N.W 103 Ravey, Miss Patricia S. 101 Ray, 56° 130° N.E 20 geophysical report 174 Ray Y Fraction, 56° 130° N.E, geophysical report 174 Rayner, G 11 Rayrock Mines Limited 125 Read, Peter B A 80 Read, W . S 94 Reco, 49° 117° N.E 125 Reco Silver Mines Limited 125 Red, 55° 127° N.E 48 Red Rock Mines Ltd. 89, 109 Red Star, 49° 120° S.E A 54, 100 Redford, L. R. 65 Redwing, 55° 129° S.W 45 Rees, Oscar W 204 Reesor, J. E. A 80 Reeves MacDonald, 49° 117° S.E-A 55, 117 electrical installations 332 Reeves MacDonald Mines Limited A 55, 117, 133 electrical installations 332 refineries, crude oil 282 Rehwald, G. V A 68 Reimche, Leon Vern, fatal accident 290 Ren Group, 48° 124° S.E, geological, geophysical, geochemical report 171 Ren Silica Limited 206 Rennich, Henry 181 Renshaw, R. E 111, 135 petroleum and natural gas review, mineral industry lode metals Rhodes, George Rich, 51° 118° N.W. reports, petroleum and natural gas 227 reserves, petroleum and natural gas 217 Retallack-Three Forks, 50° 117° S.E 122 Retzlaff, Ernest 286, 302 Reuther, E. F 126 Revelstoke area, 51° 118° S.E 136 revenue, coal A 61 A 61 A 10 4 207 105 Richard First, 49° 116° N.W A 56, 119 Richards, R. E. C 102 Richardson, A. 118 Richardson, Robert Cullen, fatal accident 288 Richfield Oil Corporation 217 Richmix Clays Limited 183 Richmond, G. W. 183 Richmond, 49° 117° N.E 127 Richmond-Eureka, 49° 117° N.E 124 Richmond Sand and Gravel Ltd 205 Ridge, 50° 126° S.W 153 Rio Nos. 1-4, 55° 126° S.W 50 Rio Tinto Canadian Exploration Limited 50 Riondel, 49° 116° N.W 118 electrical installations 332 riprap, production A 21, A 24, A 40 Riverside, 49° 117° S.E, building-stone.. 181 Road, 54° 127° S.E 53 Rob, 54° 125° S.E 61 Robertson, A. 62, 102, 156 Robertson, Dr. Gordon W. 143 Robertson, T. H A 64 Robina Nos. 1-12, 51° 118° S.W, geophysical report 173 Robinson, J. W. ._ 117 A 64 Robinson, W. C. reports by 9-11, 65, 80, 81, 84, 99, 136, 175, 178, 179, 207 INDEX 357 Page A 18 .A. 21, A 24, A 40 84 rock, footnote production Rocky, 50° 121° S.E.. Rocco Plata, 49° 119° S.E 109 Rolling Hills Copper Mines Limited 98 Rookes, W. R 181 Rorison, W. D. 85 Rose Pass, 49° 116° N.W 132 Roseberry, 51° 118° S.E 136 Ross, J. V A 80 Rosseau, G. R. 85 Rossland area, 49' Rothman, S. M. . Roundy Creek, 55 117° S.W. 129° S.E. Page 113 132 36 Routledge Gravel Ltd, sand and gravel— 205 rubble, production A 21, A 24, A 40 Ruff, 53° 124° N.W. 62 Russell, G. A 9 Russell, J. 115 Ruth E.6-E.13, 49° 118° N.W, geophysical report 171 S. H. Marriott Sand and Gravel SNO, 57° 130° S.W S.S, 50° 121° S.E S & S Sand and Gravel Limited Saarse, G. J. safety —. 205 17 91 202 91 301 safety lamps, approved, electric, and flame 313, 314 salaries and wages A 49 Sally Nos. 1-4, 50° 120° N.E, geochemical report 172 Salmo area, 49° 117° S.E 115 sand and gravel 202 Salmon Arm area, 50° 119° N.E 105 Salmon River area, 56° 130° S.E 21 electrical installations 330 Sam, 54° 127° S.E 53 samples, coal A 63 miscellaneous A 63 petroleum and natural gas rock sand and gravel (see table) production A 21, Sanders, Harry Sanders, K. G. A 62 A 62 - 202 117° N.E. A 24, A 40 322 ....130, 131 123 Sandon area, 49' Sandy, 53° 124° N.W. _ 62 Sandy Group, 56° 127° S.W, geochemical report 174 San Severino, J. V. 110 Sargent, Hartley A 2, A 65 review of mineral industry A 10 Saul, 51° 119° S.E 99 Sawyer, H. A. 51 Sayward, 50° 125° S.W. 152 Schedule of Wells 227 Scheuerman, Marvin 64 Schley, G. B 144 Schmidt, A. J. 57 Schneider. Wesley, fatal accident 289 Schuler, C. E. 204 Schulze, H. W. 43 Schwartzenhauer, W. W. 113 Scope Development Ltd. 64, 96 Scott, 53° 124° N.W 62 Scott, J. S. 146 Scranton, 49° 117° N.E 120 Scully, John, fatal accident 283 Seaton, J. B 146 Sebakwe and District Mines, Ltd. 21 second-class certificates 315 seismic surveys, petroleum and natural gas 231 Selby, D. A A 68 selenium, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 36 Selkirk Ptarmigan Mines Limited 135 Seines, W. E 122 Serek, Joseph 322 Sevrens, W. C 82 sewer-pipe, production A 24, A 41 Shady, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 125 shale, Abbotsford 183 Barnet 183 Canal Flats 183 Ganges 183 Haney 183 Kilgard 183 Saturna Island 184 Vancouver 183 Shan, 56° 130° N.W. 18 Nos. 1-20, geophysical report 174 Sharon, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 120 Sheba, 50° 120° S.W 89 Sheep Creek, 49° 117° S.E 116 Sheep Creek Mines Limited A 54, 106, 109, 134, 135 fatal accident 284 Shepherd, A. F A 65 Sheppard, E. P. 158 Sheslay River area, 58° 132° S.E 11 shiftboss certificates 301 Shuswap Lake, 51° 119° S.E 99 Sibilleau, N A 56, 125 Sicamous area, 50° 119° N.E 105 Sil, 58, 133° N.W 9 geological report 174 Silbak Premier, 56°130° S.E A 53, 21 electrical installations 329 Silbak Premier Mines Limited A 53, 21 electrical installations 329 Sileurian Chieftain Mining Company Limited 168 silica, Brisco 207 Grohman Creek 206 Oliver 207 Valemount 207 Winlaw Creek 206 Silmonac, 49° 117° N.E 124 Silmonac Mines Limited 124 Sil-Van Consolidated Mining and Milling Company Ltd. 51 silver, deposits (see table) 337 dividends A 47 footnote A 18 price A 20 production A 21-A 33, A 52 Silver Arrow Mines Limited 22 Silver Basin, 55° 129 N.E. 45 Silver Bell, 49° 119° S.W 102 Silver Butte Mines Ltd. 44, 45 Silver Creek, 54° 127° N.E. 51 358 INDEX Silver Diamond, 59° 133° N.E. Silver Dome Mines Limited Silver King, 51° 118° N.W Silver King Mines Limited . Silver Lake, 54° 127° N.E. Page 8 . 111 105 A 55, 129 51 Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited 124 Silver Standard Mines Limited..l3, 15, 17, 124 Silver Wing, 50° 122° N.W A 54 Silverquick, 51° 122° S.W A 54, 81 electrical installations . 331 Silverquick Development Co, Inc. 82 Silverquick Development Company (B.C.) Ltd. A 54, 81 electrical installations 331 Silversmith, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 124 Similkameen Mining Division A 74 Similkameen River area, 49° 120° S.E. and S.W. 101 Simpson, J. D. 92 Sinclair, A. J. 50 Sirmac Mines Limited 43, 45 Skagit River area, 49° 121° S.E 136 Skeena Mining Division A 74 Skeena Silver Mines Ltd 13, 17, 62, 91, 92 Skerl, A. C 22, 88 Skomac mine, 49° 118° S.W A 54, 110 Skomac Mines Limited A 54, 110 Skuhun Creek area, 50° 121° S.E 91 Skylark Group, 49° 118° S.E, geophysical report 171 Slocan Lake area, 49° 117° N.E 125 Slocan Mining Division A 74 Slocan Star, 49° 117° N.E. Smith, Alex A 56 155 Smith, David _ A 64, 325 reports by 86-89, 92, 94-98, 100, 102, 105, 108, 109, 182, 207, 325-326 Smithers area, 54° 126° N.W 51 Smuggler, 49° 119° S.W 108 sodium carbonate, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 39 Somerville, A. 318 Sostad, Ralph 102 South Seas Mining Limited 85 Southwest Potash Corporation. .36, 48, 53, 66, 99 Sovdi, Ardin 22 Spanish Placers Ltd. 176 Spankes, D. 105 Spartan Air Services Ltd. A 66 Spider, 50° 117° N.W 130 Springer, K. J. 46, 109 Springer Creek area, 49° 117° N.E 127 electrical installations 333 St. Elmo, 49° 117° S.W 114 Stairs Exploration & Mining Company Limited 136 Standard, 49° 117° N.E 125 Stanley, F. D. 111 statistics A 13 drilling and production 271 Page Star, 50° 125° S.E 152 Starck, L. P. (see H. Hill & L. Starck & Associates Ltd.) 136, 137 Steeves and Mann Equipment Ltd. 205 Stephens, Brian 183 Stevenson, H. E. 206 Stevenson, J. S. 69 Stewart, J A 56, 123 Stikine Copper Limited 13, 15 Stikine River area, 57° 130° S.W.-57" 131° S.E, N.W 13 Stitt, J. 86 Stokes, R. B 91 Stone, J. J 65 stone, production A 21, A 24, A 40 Storie, 59° 129° S.W 10 Stott, D. F A 79, A 80 Stradone Enterprises Ltd. 325 structural materials, footnote A 18 production A 21, A 22, A 24, A 31, A 40 structural materials and industrial minerals section 179 electrical installations .327, 335 structural tile, production A 24, A 41 Su, 57° 131° S.W 15 Sullivan, 49° 115° N.W A 54, 132 electrical installations 333 Sullivan, C. J 11, 17, 53, 55, 56, 57 Sullivan, Dennis George, fatal accident.— 284 Sullivan, J. 92, 136 Sullivan, J. F 129 Sullivan, J. J 131 Sulmac Explorations Ltd. 97 sulphur, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 19 monthly disposition 275 monthly value to producers 277 production A 21, A 24, A 39 sulphur plants 224, 280 Sumas Municipality, sand and gravel 203 Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Ltd— 139 Summit Creek, 49° 116° S.W 118 Sunloch, 48° 124° S.E. 169 Sunro Mines Limited 169 Sunset, 55° 129° N.W 25 Sunset, 49° 117° S.W A 56, 114 Sunshine Exploration Limited, fatal accident 287 Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited 130, 131 Sunshine Mining Company 43 supervision of coal mines 315 surface geological exploration, petroleum and natural gas 234 Surrey, Corporation of the District of, sand and gravel 205 Surrey Municipality, sand and gravel 204 Susie, 49° 119° S.W A 54, 109 Sutherland, G 304 Sutherland Brown, A. A 65, 69 reports by 45, 168 Texada Mines Ltd. .146-151 T. D. Logan and Associates Tahtsa Lake area, 53° 127° Takeda, T. N.E. Takla Lake area, 55° 125° N.E. 120 53 86 53 Takla Silver Mines Limited 53 Takomkane Mountain, 52° 120° S.W. .... 165 electrical installations 330 Taku River area, 58° 132° N.W 8 INDEX 359 talc, footnote Placer Creek production Tan, 53° 124° N.W. Tancowny, John Tarnowski, M. Page A 19 207 A 21, A 39 64 96 A 56, 124 Taseka Groups, 51° 123° S.E, geophysical report Tasu, 52° 132° N.E. Taylor, Austin C. Taylor, G. C. Taylor, Robert. N.W. Taylor, Thomas Ted, 56° 130° N.E. Teddy Glacier, 50° 117° Ted-Ray, 56° 130° S.E Teeta River Mining Co. Ltd. Telkwa, 54° 127° N.E, coal electrical installations Terrace area, 54° 128° N.E Texaco Exploration Company 216, 217 Texada, 49° 124° N.W A 53, 146 electrical installations 334 fatal accident 290 Texada Island, 49° 124° N.W 146 173 _ 45 .. 177 .A 79 - 322 ... 320 _. 20 .. 131 _. 19 .. 154 ._ 326 __ 335 ... 47 electrical installations Texada Mines Ltd. electrical installations . fatal accident Texas Creek, 50° 122° N.E Texas Creek Mines Limited Thayer Lindsley and Associates Theda Bara, 55° 129° N.W. _ Thiessen, W. third-class certificates Thompson, F. R. Thompson, J. S. -334, 335 .A 53, 146 334 290 84 84 101 25 304 315 Thorn, 58° 132° N.W Thorpe, R. I. Thrall, R. A. Tidewater, 55° 129° S.W. tin, Atlin deposits (see table) footnote production Tine, 50° 121° S.E. Tip, 53° 124° N.W. Tipper, H. W. .117, 133 81 11 A 79 .179, 207 39 8 337 A 19 A 21, A 24, A 36 92 64 A 79 Toby Creek, 50° 116° S.E 134 Tofino Gold Mines Ltd. Toketic, 50° 120° S.E. . Tolksdorf, Horst, fatal accident. Pagb 166 82 287 Toluma Mining and Development Co. Ltd. 95 Tom, 50° 121° S.E 84 Tom, 55° 127° N.E 48 Tomczak, J. F. A 68 Tompson, W. D. 20 Tootsee River, 59° 130° N.W 9 topographic mapping Tormont Mines Limited . A 77 .. 97 Torwest Resources (1962) Ltd-89, 113, 114 Trail area, 49° 117° S.W 115 sand and gravel 202 Trade"b~oUar,~T4'"127 ° N.E."~.ZZZI. 51 Tranquil Inlet, 49° 125° S.W. Trans Prairie Pipeline 166 224 Trapper Lake area, 58° 132° N.W 11 Travis, Harvey 321 Tregillus Creek, 53° 121° S.W, placer.... 175 Tremaine, C. W. S 155 Trenaman, R. T. 153 Trettin, H. P. A 80 Trey Nos. 1 and 2, 50° 127° N.E, geological and geophysical report 172 Triad Oil Company 216, 217 Tribble, G. B. 45 Triform Mining Ltd. 110 Triumph, 49° 116° N.W 120 Trojan, 50° 120° N.W. 85 Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. 85 Trudy, 56° 127° S.W, geochemical report 174 Try, 50° 117° S.E, geological report 172 Tsable River mine, 49° 124° N.W 318 labour and employment 310 Tsolum River, 49° 125° N.E 155 electrical installations 334 Tulameen area, 49° 120° N.W 100 tungsten, deposits (see table) 337 footnote A 19 production A 21, A 24, A 36 Turley, Wavne A 55, A 56, 119, 121 Tyaughton Creek area, 51° 122° S.W- 81 electrical installations 331 Tyler, W. W 121 Tymchuk, Michael 319 u UP, 50° 120° S.W 89 Undun No. 3 mine, 49° 123° S.W 317 Undun No. 4 mine, 49° 123° S.W 317 Union Bar Mines Ltd. 143 Union Carbide Exploration Limited 135 Union Oil Company of Canada Limited __ 217 United Estella Mines Limited 133 United Sand & Gravel Ltd. 205 Unsworth, J. 317 Unuk River area, 56° 130° S.E 18 electrical installations 329 Upper "A" South mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 319 Upper Perry Creek, 49° 116° S.E, magnesite 193 Upton, A. E 152 Utah Construction & Mining Co. 144 Utica, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 121 Utica Mines Ltd 61, 102, 114 fatal accidents 284, 290 VO, 54° 125° S.E V. Zay Smith Associates Limited.. Valemount, 52° 119° N.E. .... 62 _ 177 .... 207 Vallev Concrete Products Limited, sand and gravel 202 Valley Copper Mines Ltd. 85 Valley Granite Products Limited 182 Valley Ready Mix Co. Ltd, sand and gravel 203 Valley Rite-Mix Ltd, sand and gravel 204 360 INDEX Van, 49° 119° S.E. .. Van Boeyen, Henry Van Der Ploeg, J. Vancouver, sand and gravel Vancouver Island area, 50° 125° S.W.. sand and gravel. Page 109 203 144 202 152 205 Vancouver Island Base Metals Limited 168 Vancouver Island Inspection District, coal 315 Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association 304 Vancouver Mining Division A 74 Vancouver Wharves Ltd. 86, 139 Veezay Minerals Exploration 177 Velvet, 49° 117° S.W A 56, 113 ventilation 297 Ventures Mining Ltd. 11 Verkerk, William 319 Vern Mines Limited Vernon area, 50° 119° S.E. Vernon Mining Division Verona, 55° 129° N.W Victor, 49° 117° N.E Victoria Mining Division Victory, 55° 129° N.W View 1,2,3,49° 116° S.W. _ Vimy Explorations Ltd. Vin, 50° 117° S.W. Page 126 104 A 74 25 A 56, 123 A 74 43 207 122 131 Violamac Mines Limited 123, 124 Virginia, 49° 120° S.E. and S.W 101 Vokes, F. M 69 Volpatti, Ben 319 Vooro, George 23 Vulcan, 49° 124° S.E 168 w W.D, 49° 117° S.W.. WDR, 50° 120° N.W. Walker, A. M. Waller, 53° 130° S.E. Walsh, James Walton, T. F Ward, P. A Wardman, L. report by . A 56, 115 85 146 47 322 118 127 Wasa area, 49° 115° N.W.. Washington, 50° 117° S.E. Washington Mines Ltd. Waterman, Glenn C. Watson, W. P Wearing, T. R Weber, A. L Weber, R. G Webster, Arnold Webster, W. D. A 64, 327 __.327-336 133 . A 56, 123 123 .89, 145, 146 A 54 167 115 58 319 186 weekly report, petroleum and natural gas 227 Weeks, J. P 81 well records 224 Wells-Barkerville area, 53° 121° S.W 65 Wesfrob Mines Limited 45 West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition 119 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association... 304 trophy 305 Westairs Mines Limited 136 Western Beaver Lodge Mines Ltd. 135 Western Exploration 133 Western Exploration Company Limited 125, 133 Western Gypsum Products Limited 184 Western Mines Limited 157, 166 dangerous occurrence 295 Western Pacific Products and Crude Oil Pipeline 224 Western Paving Ltd, sand and gravel 205 Western Peat Moss Ltd, sand and gravel 205 Western Resources Limited 20 Western Sand & Gravel Ltd. 202 Western Standard Silver Mines Ltd A 56 Westwold area, 50° 119 S.W. 104 Wheeler, J. O A 79 Wheeler W. R. ._ __ 22 Whipsaw Claim Group, 49° 121° N.W., geophysical and geochemical report 171 Whit, 53° 127° N.E 55 White, A. W. 123, 124 White, L. G. 8, 9, 131, 178 White Hope, 49° 117° N.E A 56, 127 White Rock Sand and Gravel 204 Whitesail Lake area, 53° 127° S.E 57 Whittaker, John 320 Wickheim Sand and Gravel 205 Widsten, A. O. 187 Wiley, Jack 88 Wilkinson, Mr. 176 Wilkinson, T. J. 110 Williams, Arthur A 64 Williams, R. E 178 Williams Creek, 53° 121° S.W, placer-. 175 Willow River, 53° 121° S.W, placer 175 Wilmot, A. D 64, 100, 101 Wilson, Bi. 117 Wilson, J. L. 127 Wilson, T. G 133 Windermere area, 50° 116° S.E 134 Wingdam & Lightning Creek Mining Co. Ltd. 176 Winlaw, 49° 117° N.E, sand and gravel 206 Wise, S. 45 Wishart, P. F. 154 Wolf, 55° 129° N.W 41 Wolfhard, M. R 8 Wonderful, 49° 117° N.E 124 Wood, J. E. R. 114 Woodbury Creek, 49° 117° N.E 120 Woods, Robert E 81 Woodward, P. C 200 Workmen's Compensation Board 304 World Wide Development Company 108 Wright, S. W. 90 Wynndel, sand and gravel 202 Xaire Nos. 1 and 2, 52° 122° S.E, geochemical report 173 INDEX 361 Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited Yellowhead Sand & Gravel Ltd. _. Ymir area, 49° 117° S.E. Page 120 202 115 Page Yorke-Hardy, W. 51 Yreka, 50° 127° S.W 154 Zeballos, 50° 126° S.W 153 electrical installations 334 Zeballos Iron Mines Limited A 52, 153 electrical installations 334 Zelmer, A. 109 zinc, deposits (see table) dividends footnote price production ... Zohini, 58° 133° N.W.. A21-A33, .. 337 A 47 A 19 A 20 A 52 9 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1965 3,010465-3830
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