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REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
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PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1963 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1964 Victoria, B.C., March, 1964. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: The undersigned has the honour to present the Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the year ended March 31, 1963. ROBERT W. BONNER, A ttorney-General. Department of the Attorney-General, Corrections Branch, Vancouver, B.C., November 1, 1963. The Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C., Attorney-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Corrections Branch for the 12 months ended March 31, 1963. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, S. ROCKSBOROUGH SMITH, Director of Correction. DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL CORRECTIONS BRANCH The Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C. Attorney-General Gilbert D. Kennedy, Q.C. Deputy Attorney-General SENIOR CORRECTIONS ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF, 1962/63 S. ROCKSBOROUGH SMITH Director of Correction and Chief Probation Officer M. A. Matheson Assistant Director of Correction C D. Davidson Assistant Chief Probation Officer HEADQUARTERS STAFF OFFICERS O. J. Walling Rev. W. D. G. Hollingworth Personnel and Staff Training Officer Senior Protestant Chaplain R. V. McAllister Rev. T. F. M. Corcoran Supervisor of Research Senior Catholic Chaplain R. G. E. Richmond W. Lemmon Senior Medical Officer Supervisor of Classification R. E. Fitchett Administrative Officer GAOL SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF H. G. Christie G. Warnock Warden, Oakalla Prison Farm Director, New Haven Borstal J. B. Braithwaite W. Scott Warden, Haney Correctional Institution Warden, Kamloops Provincial Gaol W. Mulligan Warden, Prince George Provincial Gaol Z O C < z < o o a o z < EQ z O e OS O O Sm P o« Od< &£ §5 11 0, V 3 PS 05 w o 05 »2o Ofi™ •a w a c sis chiE S«o 82 0.05 CONTENTS Gup. I. Page Review of the year 1 1 Population Trends Probation ____,: Institutions : ■_ Parole ■ Total Population The Building Programme- Forest Camps Hospital Westgate Addition 12 Plans for Future Construction J 12 Developments in Methods of Treatment 12 Central Classification 12 Training Programme in a Common Gaol 12 Group Counselling 12 Forestry Projects 12 The Native Fellowship Transfer of Definite-Indefinite Population to the Haney Correctional Institution Evaluation Studies Plans for the Future II. Staff. 12 13 13 13 16 Headquarters Staff 16 Institutional Staff 16 Probation Staff 16 Recruitment 16 Correctional Officer Positions 17 In-service Training, Gaol Service 18 Orientation Training 18 Field Training 18 Basic Training 18 Advanced Training 18 In-service Training, Probation Service 18 Orientation Training 18 Refresher Training . 19 Specialized Courses i 19 Instructional Technique Training 19 Forestry 19 Specialist Courses 19 Staff Conferences 19 Conference on the Role of the Supervisor t 19 7 Chap. Page II. Staff—Continued Staff Conferences—Continued Probation Officers' Conference 20 Outside Conferences 20 Chaplains' Conferences 20 Monthly Seminars 20 Group Counselling Training 20 Weekly Staff Meetings 20 Staff-training Grant 21 Conclusion 21 III. Treatment of Men 22 Population 22 West Wing, Oakalla Prison Farm 22 Old Gaol Annex 23 East Wing, Oakalla Prison Farm — 23 Overflow Accommodation, Oakalla Prison Farm 23 Prince George Gaol 23 General 24 Discipline 24 Security 24 Classification 25 Central Classification 25 Institutional Classification 25 Research 26 Evaluation Studies 26 Young Offender Population 26 Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit (Male) 27 Religion 27 Social Training 28 Group Counselling 28 Recreation Programme 30 Physical Testing Programme 31 Community Service 31 Counselling 31 Casework 31 Lay Counselling 31 Education 32 Academic Education 32 Vocational Training 32 Libraries 32 General , 33 Production 33 8 Chap. Page IV. Forest Camps 34 Interdepartmental Co-ordinating Committee 34 Committee Activity 34 Chilliwack Forest Camps 34 Construction 34 Population 34 Reforestation Projects 34 Parks Project 35 Social Training 3 5 Religious Services 35 Haney Correctional Institution Camps 35 Gold Creek Camp 35 Pine Ridge Camp 35 Kamloops Gaol and Forest Camp . 35 Reforestation 35 Clearwater Forest Camp : 35 Vancouver Island Camp 35 Snowdon Forest Camp 35 V. Treatment of Women 37 General , 37 Population 37 Discipline 37 Security 3 7 Classification 37 Religion 37 Protestant Worship 37 Roman Catholic Worship 38 Non-institutional Worship L 38 Social Training i 38 Group Counselling 3 8 Recreation 38 Education 38 Socialization 38 Work 3 8 Institution 38 Twin Maples Farm 38 Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit 39 VI. Health and Hygiene 44 Senior Medical Officer's Report 44 Warden, Prince George Gaol 46 Warden, Kamloops Provincial Gaol 47 9 Chap. Page VII. Parole Supervision and After-care 48 General _ * 48 Staff 48 British Columbia Borstal Association 48 After-care Associations 48 British Columbia Parole Service 48 Parole Board Members 48 Released on Parole 48 Revocations 48 Day Parole 49 Release Procedures : 49 Average Length of Time Served 49 National Parole Board 50 Day Parole 50 Group Counselling 50 VIII. British Columbia Probation Service 51 General 51 Probation Cases 51 Pre-sentence Reports 51 Case Loads 51 Field Offices 51 Juveniles 51 New Developments 52 Staff Recruitment 52 Regional Development 52 School of Social Work Field Placement Unit 52 Group Counselling with Probationers 52 Evaluation Study of Probation Cases 53 Probation Service Field Offices 53 Probation Service Statistics 54 Statistical Appendix 5 5 10 I CHAPTER I REVIEW OF THE YEAR POPULATION TRENDS 1. Probation.—During the year, 1,701 new cases were placed on probation and 2,115 pre-sentence reports were prepared by Probation Officers. This is an increase of 210 cases placed on probation and an increase of 126 pre-sentence reports over last year. As of March 31, 1963, there were 1,630 individuals on probation, creating an average case load of 41.8 per officer. 2. Institutions.—The number of inmates in all institutions again rose. Last year's daily average population of 2,035 increased to 2,180, an increase of 7.1 per cent. This increase continued throughout the year, and as of March 31, 1963, there were 2,419 inmates on the register. 3. As in the past, the overcrowded condition and limited capacity of the smaller gaols at Prince George and Kamloops resulted in transfers to Oakalla Prison Farm. The Prince George Goal transferred 104 inmates because of over-capacity counts. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police escorted prisoners weekly from the Interior direct to Oakalla Prison Farm by motor-coach. Thus Kamloops Gaol was only required to take sufficient prisoners to bring it up to capacity and had no need to transfer any inmates to Oakalla. Oakalla Prison Farm itself remained in a chronically overcrowded condition all year. 4. Parole.—A total of 324 cases with definite plus indefinite sentences was released on parole by the British Columbia Parole Board. Of this total, 120 cases had their paroles revoked—78 as a result of direct Court action and 42 for technical violation of their parole. Thus parole was successful in 76 per cent of the cases released. This number had no further criminal convictions recorded against them. The five Parole Officers assigned to these cases had an average case load of 38.8, the British Columbia Borstal Association assuming supervision of the 30 trainees released from New Haven. A total of 214 cases was released by authority of the National Parole Service, of which only nine were revoked. These cases were supervised on release by the members of the John Howard Society and the Provincial Probation Service. 5. Total Population.—The total population under probation supervision, in institutions or under parole supervision, totalled 4,049 on March 31, 1963. THE BUILDING PROGRAMME 6. Forest Camps.—-With the continued acute need for additional accommodation, another forest camp was added during the year. This camp, known as Snow- don Camp, was constructed on Vancouver Island just north of Campbell River. Construction started on November 16, 1962, with a small crew of eight inmates and four officers. By February the camp was up to full strength and the inmate crews were working in the Sayward Forest. 7. Hospital.—The Gaol Service hospital at Oakalla Prison Farm was completed and put into operation this year. This hospital, with its professional staff, has done much to raise the level of our programme of medical care and attendant services. 11 T 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA 8. Westgate Addition. — To help with the acute overcrowding at Oakalla Prison Farm, authority has been received to proceed with an addition to the Westgate Unit of this institution. Presently, plans are being drawn for this unit and construction should start shordy in the new year. 9. Plans for Future Construction.—Currently, discussions are being held with the Department of Public Works with a view to the construction of a dormitory- style facility on the present Allco Infirmary property at Haney. This facility would replace the present totally inadequate old Gaol Annex at Oakalla. Plans are also being drawn to increase the housing capacity at Prince George Gaol from 100 to 150 inmates. DEVELOPMENTS IN METHODS OF TREATMENT 10. Central Classification.—With the appointment of a Supervisor of Central Classification to the headquarters staff in September, classification became a centralized function. This has led to a greater awareness of the needs of individual institutions and a more careful assignment of inmates to appropriate training programmes. 11. Training Programme in a Common Gaol.—The Prince George Gaol is demonstrating just how effective a carefully developed training programme for inmates can be, even in a common-gaol setting. The group counselling programme instituted last year is proving to be most effective and has resulted in some startling changes in inmate behaviour. In addition, a lay counselling programme has been instituted comparable to those in operation at the young-offender training institutions. Considerable initiative has been shown in organizing a programme of academic education that has surpassed anything previously attempted for adult persons in a county gaol. An interesting after-care venture in group counselling for discharged inmates has also been started in co-operation with the Prince George John Howard Society. 12. Group Counselling.—Group counselling has continued to develop and is now in operation in all our institutions. To date the results can only be measured in intangible terms. They are, however, reflected in the general atmosphere of the institutions, in the decreasing number of disciplinary infractions, and, most important of all, in the improved relationship between staff and inmates. The staff have a better understanding of the inmates, and the inmates in turn tend to see staff members more as helping rather than strictly authoritarian figures. 13. Forestry Projects.—The reforestation programme carried on by our forest camps continues to develop as new camps are established. The morale of these camps is extraordinarily high, which accounts for the relatively small number of behaviour problems occurring. The leadership provided by the officers in these camps is of the highest order. Heavy demands are placed upon them, and I am glad to be able to report that they have responded well. 14. The Native Fellowship.—At the Haney Correctional Institution the native Indians formed a club of their own and asked a native Indian Correctional Officer to act as their president. The membership of the club numbers 26, and they have embarked on a group programme which includes study of the Indian Act, discussion of employment practices, arts and crafts, and cultural activities. In addition, they are actively participating in the sports and recreational activities of the institution. The Warden reports that the members appreciate the recognition this club has given them, and many of them have developed in confidence and in their ability to express themselves as a result of this experience. It is hoped that we shall be REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 13 able to continue to develop this approach for this somewhat neglected group of our population. 15. Transfer of Definite-Indefinite Population to the Haney Correctional Institution.—Shortly after the centralization of classification and the appointment of the supervisor, it was decided to transfer all definite-indefinite cases from Oakalla Prison Farm to the Haney Correctional Institution. The only cases remaining at Oakalla Prison Farm were those medically unfit and requiring treatment in the hospital and those psychiatric cases awaiting evaluation or transfer to the Provincial Mental Hospital. This move resulted in a number of hard-core problem cases being transferred to the Haney Correctional Institution and was no doubt responsible for their increase in escapes. However, the institution managed to cope with this more difficult group of hostile young adults and assimilate them into the training programme. It was felt that the Haney programme had much more to offer this group than had Oakalla, particularly in the current overcrowded state. 16. Evaluation Studies.—With the increasing diversification of our correctional programme, it has become more and more necessary to evaluate the various programmes to determine their efficacy in terms of rehabilitation. In line with this, several evaluation studies were carried out during the year. The first series of these were follow-up studies on New Haven, Haney Correctional Institution, and the Gold Creek Forest Camp. These studies found that 62 per cent of those discharged from New Haven have not subsequently been resentenced to an institution in British Columbia; that 64 per cent of those discharged from the Haney Correctional Institution have not been resentenced; and that 70 per cent of those discharged from the Gold Creek Forest Camp have not subsequently been resentenced. These are most favourable results and point to the value of intensifying these three programmes. In the field of drug addiction treatment, a follow-up study was carried out involving 96 cases discharged from the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit (Male) at Oakalla Prison Farm. This study revealed that 32 per cent of those released were not resentenced to an institution. Again, this is a most promising result, and the study is continuing in order to determine the exact state of this 32 per cent who have not subsequently been resentenced. In the field of probation a follow-up study of a sample of 880 cases showed that 88 per cent of them successfully completed probation, and that 82 per cent were not resentenced to an institution in British Columbia during the six-year follow-up period. This also is most encouraging and points to future possibilities of handling even more difficult cases on probation. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE 17. Staff-training.—The increasing development of training programmes designed to fit prisoners to lead honest, useful, and industrious lives on their return to society calls for a skilled and highly trained staff. It is no longer sufficient for the Security Officer to be able to function solely as a guard. If he is to be effective in this new programme, he must be trained for leadership and be capable of taking full responsibility for a group of men either in a group-living unit or in a work project, detailing the work schedule, assigning duties, maintaining a good standard of participation and behaviour, evaluating and reporting on the progress of individuals in the group, recommending pay increases and promotions where necessary, and so on. To maintain an adequate level of training for a staff of nearly 1,000 requires a continuous staff-training programme over a 12-month period. At the present time we have a staff officer attached to our headquarters staff who has done an outstanding job devising training programmes and organizing courses for both the gaol and pro- T 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA bation staffs. However, we have no full-time personnel available at the instructional level to offer continuous instruction. It is hoped that it will be possible shortly to develop a small staff-training school with a permanent staff of three instructors with clerical assistance in order to provide this continuity of training on a year-round basis. 18. Accommodation.—The need for additional physical accommodation is still the greatest and most pressing single need. The construction of one forest camp during the year and a partially completed second camp provided for 90 additional men only. This did not even take care of the annual population increase and had no effect on the gross overcrowding at Oakalla Prison Farm, which I reported last year. There is need for a regional gaol on Vancouver Island to house 150 to 200 men and another in the Central Interior of the same size. Provision of two such facilities, each with a group of satellite forest camps, to be developed at a later date, would take the pressure off the Lower Mainland and mean that we could reduce the Oakalla population to manageable proportions. There is an urgent need for additional kitchen facilities at Oakalla to take care of the present population. To feed the current number, the kitchen has to prepare each meal twice in order to provide food in sufficient quantity. This means that food has to be kept hot for hours on end and then carried long distances prior to serving. Food-distribution centres are required in each wing, with steam tables for serving to replace the present antiquated serving method. It is hoped that the Department of Public Works will be able to renovate and enlarge the present Oakalla kitchen and provide two food-distribution centres—one in the Westgate Unit and the other in the Main Gaol—this coming year. This will go a long way toward ensuring that the men receive meals on time and hot, and would eliminate a great deal of unnecessary waste. The other area in Oakalla requiring immediate attention is the Admissions Section. During the course of a year over 50,000 movements pass through this basement area, which is quite unsuited for its purpose. Every prisoner received or discharged from the gaol or proceeding or returning from an outside Court is processed through the admissions area. The records department records the details of his conviction and sentence; his clothes and personal belongings are checked and stored; he is bathed and, if necessary, deloused before being issued with prison clothing, and fingerprinted. On release the same process is carried out in reverse. This basement area is old and antiquated with cracked cement flooring and inadequate plumbing. It is impossible to keep clean and sanitary and is subject to lice and cockroach infestation. Besides all this there is insufficient room to process the number of prisoners passing through, and a bottleneck is created. There have been days when up to 50 men have been kept waiting outside in police vans up to 2 hours while the staff have been attempting to clear the congestion inside preparatory to receiving new admissions. There has been a natural reluctance to add new cosdy admission facilities to an old and outmoded gaol, but if we are to continue this institution, as we shall have to do for some years to come, funds must be allocated for an adequate admissions area. The whole question of Public Works maintenance for an old and worn-out building with inadequate facilities for a modern correctional programme is a problem. To bring this building in line with standards approved by the public health authorities would entail considerable renovation and would be costly. Present planning favours the development of a number of small alternative facilities and the abandonment of this gaol at the earliest opportunity. 19. Probation.—As will be noted elsewhere in this Report, probation is having considerable success in halting recividism. It is our intention to develop probation REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 15 services as speedily as we can. To do this we must be able to attract suitable personnel for training as Probation Officers. At the moment we are unable to recruit a sufficient number to keep our present Probation Offices up to strength and also establish new ones in areas as yet unserved. Plans for a stepped-up public relations campaign to make the needs of probation known to young university graduates are under way. There is a need for increased grants to assist young men to obtain the necessary training in social work or one of the behavioural sciences at the university level. We cannot expect men to be able to afford to undertake this training at their own expense at the salaries we offer. Financial assistance for professional training would have an immediate beneficial effect and step up our recruitment considerably. Statistics indicate that Courts are not utilizing adult probation to the extent that they could. This may be partly because the law at present places a restriction on the number of times a person may be placed on probation in a given period of time. This legal restriction seriously curtails the use of probation in adult cases and serves no useful purpose. The statistics from those countries where probation is unrestricted indicate that where a person has failed on probation, he has often recovered as a result of a second period. It is to be hoped that Parliament will effect a change in this legislation at an early date. In the juvenile field we are anxious to make probation a more meaningful experience. We are experimenting with establishing specific goals for the probationer to achieve during his period on probation. It is felt that he must be challenged more if he is to grow, and that through overcoming obstacles he will develop some of those qualities we look for in a successful probationer. To create an incentive we are asking Courts to set a lengthy probation period with the proviso that when he achieves the goals set for him, he will be rewarded by having his probation terminated. Some thought has been given to the establishment of a probation hostel for those young adults who require more control and support and have no family on whom they can fall back. These youths would have a condition of residence added to their probation order. They would work in the community by day, returning in the evenings to the hostel. A facility of this kind would make it possible to extend the use of probation to those rather doubtful cases which we now have to exclude for lack of roots in the community. 20. Parole.—Provincial parole is being used extensively for the young offender. Three hundred and thirty-one young adults serving definite-indeterminate sentences were considered for parole during the year, and 324 were approved for release. Over 60 per cent of this number have been successful. This is a high success rate when you consider that this group is one of the most difficult with which we have to deal and contains many hostile, aggressive, and severely disturbed young men. It is becoming increasingly apparent that those who fail on parole are usually those who have been unable to establish satisfactory relationships with normal people and who are unable to use their leisure time constructively. They may be good workers and quite capable of holding down a job, but they have been unable to adjust to socially accepted standards of living. With this in mind we are anxious to see established a pilot half-way house as soon as possible. Such a house would be in an urban area and should provide a jumping-off place for those not capable of taking on the responsibilities of living in the community all at once. Ideally, the house would be run by a married couple and accommodate some 10 ex-inmates. The men would seek employment in the community and reside at the house. The control and discipline exercised by the staff plus the guidance of the Parole Officer hopefully would give the parolee sufficient support to help him over that difficult transition period between the controlled existence of life in an institution and the freedom of life in the community outside. T 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER II STAFF HEADQUARTERS STAFF 1. Mr. O. J. Walling, Probation Officer for Burnaby, was promoted to Personnel and Staff Training Officer for the Branch, and Mr. R. E. Fitchett, Senior Correctional Officer at the Haney Correctional Institution, was promoted to Administrative Assistant at headquarters. 2. With the establishment of inmate classification on a centralized basis under headquarters jurisdiction, the positions of Supervisor of Central Classification and Assistant were created. Mr. W. Lemmon, Supervisor of Counselling at the Haney Correctional Institution, was appointed Supervisor of Central Classification in August, and Mr. T. Jacobson as his assistant in September. 3. Mr. R. V. McAllister, headquarters Psychologist, was assigned the responsibilities of Supervisor of Research for the Branch. INSTITUTIONAL STAFF 4. Mr. D. L. Clarke resigned in July as Deputy Warden at Oakalla Prison Farm. To date no replacement has been appointed. 5. Senior promotions within the Gaol Service include Mr. V. Blackman to Assistant Deputy Warden, Oakalla Prison Farm; Mrs. R. Perkins to Supervisor of Group Counselling, Haney Correctional Institution; Mr. J. Harrison to Chief Steward, Prince George Gaol; Mr. A. W. Irvine to Senior Correctional Officer in Charge, Clearwater Forest Camp; and Mr. L. Hopper as Senior Correctional Officer at the Haney Correctional Institution. 6. Other promotions in the Gaol Service include 10 officers to the rank of Principal Officer and 89 to the newly created rank of Correctional Officer. PROBATION STAFF 7. Senior appointments in the Probation Service included Mr. A. A. Byman to Probation Officer 3 in charge of the Vancouver Region and Mr. A. E. Jones to Probation Officer 3 in charge of the Vancouver Island region. Both these officers are graduates of the School of Social Work of the University of British Columbia and have extensive experience in probation work. 8. Three serving Probation Officers were promoted to Probation Officer 2; another three were granted educational leaves of absence at the University of British Columbia for graduate study. 9. Mr. R. A. Khan, Counsellor 1 at the Haney Correctional Institution, was promoted to the rank of Parole Officer. RECRUITMENT 10. There were 79 separations from the permanent ranks of the Gaol Service, 7 more than last year. For a Service total of 821 officers, this amounted to a turnover rate of 9.5 per cent. 11. To fill these vacancies and to staff Snowdon Forest Camp as well as the new hospital at Oakalla Prison Farm, 114 new officers and specialists were appointed to the Gaol Service. The temporary officer situation remained the same, with an extremely high turnover rate. Steps are being taken to expedite annual leave on a REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 17 year-round basis in order to reduce the heavy use of temporary staff during the summer months. 12. Three Probation Officers resigned during the year. One of these, Mr. D. Guest, became the Field Work Supervisor in Probation for the School of Social Work. 13. Six new Probation Officers were appointed during the year as a result of a nation-wide recruiting campaign, which included advertising in newspapers and professional journals, addressing interested groups on university campuses, and enlisting the aid of university employment counsellors. 14. It is a matter of some concern that although this campaign produced 98 applicants, only 6 were found suitable for training as Probation Officers. To be successful an applicant had to possess above average qualities of character and intellect. Further attention will have to be given to this problem of recruiting and to the question of the starting salary. The salary at the top of the range for Probation Officers is adequate, but many competent applicants withdraw when they learn of the starting salary and the number of years required to reach the top of the range. CORRECTIONAL OFFICER POSITIONS 15. Commencing this year the title of Guard in the Gaol Service was changed to Security Officer, and a new position of Correctional Officer created, carrying a higher salary range. This change was made to give greater recognition to those officers who have the responsibility for the leadership and training of inmates as distinct from those with a more limited supervisory responsibility. Correctional Officers, by a continuity of contact with the same inmate group, develop close relationships with their charges, which has been found to be most effective in changing their behaviour. Correctional Officers are expected to undertake at least two of the following duties in the institution or camp to which they are attached:— (a) The direction of a group of inmates participating in an organized programme of group counselling under the direction of a qualified supervisor. (b) Lay counselling with a small case load of inmates in need of individualized treatment under the supervision of a professionally trained counsellor or senior administrative official. (c) The supervision, instruction, or coaching of some physical or recreational activity. (d) The development, organization, and supervision of an activity programme, such as an interest club, Alcoholics Anonymous, public speaking, etc. (e) The supervision and programme direction of a living unit within an institution or camp. (/) The supervision, instruction, and control of a work group. This would include responsibility for the planning and organizing of the work assignment. Before a Security Officer is eligible for promotion to Correctional Officer, he must have completed successfully all in-service courses, have a minimum of two years' experience in assignments which required him to assume leadership and counselling responsibilities, and in these assignments have demonstrated ability to lead, instruct, and counsel inmates. 16. Only 89 officers were able to qualify for promotion to Correctional Officer rank this year, which is an indication of the stiffness of the requirements. This has created unusual enthusiasm on the part of Security Officers to attend training courses designed to prepare them for Correctional Officer duties. Within our Correctional Officer ranks we now have a group of staff who are extremely well qualified in cor- T 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA rection and present a high standard of leadership ability. I have no doubt that this will be reflected in the studies we are presendy undertaking to measure rehabilitation effectiveness. IN-SERVICE TRAINING, GAOL SERVICE 17. Orientation training for probationary Security Officers continues to operate at all institutions. 18. Field training continued at a high standard at the Haney Correctional Institution and Prince George Gaol. New Haven, after a planning period, developed its field training this year. Because of its smaller staff complement, it has followed a tutor-pupil pattern, with the experienced officer instructing the new one on an individual basis. This tutor-pupil approach has proved effective, and thought is being given to expanding it to other institutions. At Oakalla Prison Farm, only the East Wing was able to institute the required field training. Kamloops Gaol also requires further development in this area. A total of 40 officers completed their field training this year. 19. Basic training was conducted at all institutions for the first time this year. All training, except advanced, is now the responsibility of individual institutions. Ninety Security Officers completed their basic training this year. 20. Advanced training throughout the year was given at the Haney Correctional Institution. All staff within the entire Gaol Service are sent to this Institution for their advanced training. Officers from outside the Lower Mainland area are quartered in the staff accommodation facilities at the Institution. It has been found that for the higher levels of training a centralized training approach is more effective because of the need for more extensive facilities and specialized instructors. 21. During the year a total of 21 advanced training courses was conducted, with 401 out of 418 successfully completing the training. Included in this number were 42 senior officers, ranging in rank from Principal Officer to Warden, who took the course to bring themselves up to date with advances in correctional techniques. 22. The average marks for advanced training remained high in spite of an increasing complexity of content. The averages attained were as follows:— Per Cent New Haven (10 staff attended) 78.2 Haney Correctional Institution (161 staff attended) 74.0 Oakalla Prison Farm (251 staff attended) 71.2 Prince George Gaol (30 staff attended) 69.3 Kamloops Gaol (21 staff attended) 63.0 IN-SERVICE TRAINING, PROBATION SERVICE 23. Orientation Training.—All new Probation Officers recruited to the Service must have as a minimum a Bachelor of Arts degree and, preferably, graduate study in one of the social sciences. Regardless of their educational status, all recruits to the Probation Service now complete a 14-week orientation training programme. The first two weeks after entry into the Service are spent attached to an experienced officer in the field. This attachment gives the recruit a much better appreciation of the Probation Officer's role and responsibilities in a very practical manner. After completion of this two-week observation period, recruits then undergo seven weeks of classroom training interspersed with field trips. Classes are held from 8.30 a.m. to 12 noon each morning for 12 weeks, and field trips are arranged in the afternoons of these same days. In this manner they are not only introduced to the theoretical and operational side of probation, but they also have an opportunity to examine, through field trips, resources available to the Probation Officer in the community. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 19 The classroom training emphasizes orientation to behaviour, especially as it relates to the pre-sentence investigation and probation supervision and treatment. In addition, it examines the legal setting of probation and the administrative matters with which a Probation Officer in a field office must be familiar. After completion of the classroom stage, recruits are assigned to a field placement. This consists of working in a field office under the supervision and direction of an experienced Probation Officer, where they are given increasing responsibility. If the officer-in-training has developed to the level required for independent placement in a field office within a five-week period, he is then posted. However, if the supervising Probation Officer is not satisfied that he has measured up to the required level of ability to assume full responsibility, he will stay on for more training. 24. Refresher Training.—Experienced Probation Officers are now brought back periodically for a two-week period of refresher training. To date one group of nine officers has completed this training. During this time they live at the Youth Training Centre on the University of British Columbia campus. The purpose of this refresher course is to assist Probation Officers in keeping abreast of developments and practices in the study of criminal behaviour, to familiarize them with new techniques, and to examine new resources within the community which may be of assistance to them. The case-study method, whereby actual case files are studied, has proven most fruitful in this course as a focus for discussion. In all other courses the staff are generally inexperienced and are taught by the lecture method. It is true that discussion takes place, but this is usually related to clarifying the new knowledge to which they are exposed. The essential difference in the experienced officer's training is that he is aware of the basic knowledge required in his role and can be much more specific in terms of his discussion. Regional refresher training courses to complement the refresher training programme also have been used successfully. The same technique of the case-study method is used, but it is related to the cases from a particular region and so focuses on the problems peculiar to that region. SPECIALIZED COURSES 25. Instructional technique training was given to 19 selected staff who were involved as instructors in staff training courses. This instruction has been made available to institutional and supervisory staff to show them the best possible method of imparting knowledge to other officers either on the job or in the classroom. 26. Forestry.—Thirty officers who are working on various reforestation projects throughout the Province attended a two-day training course at the British Columbia Forest Service Ranger School at Green Timbers. This course consisted of instruction in the planting and growing of trees, forest protection, and the methods used for the better prevention and control of forest fires. This training was followed up by a two-day tree-planting course in the Chilliwack Provincial Forest. 27. Specialist Courses.—A substantial number of staff were involved in a wide range of specialist courses. These included lay counselling, civil defence, first aid, safety training, job instruction training, and university extension courses. In addition, five senior officers completed, and three are currendy enrolled, in the University Executive Development Programme. STAFF CONFERENCES 28. Conference on the Role of the Supervisor.—A three-day living-in conference attended by 31 staff of Assistant Deputy Warden and Senior Correctional T 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA Officer rank was held at the University of British Columbia. The object of this conference was to examine ways and means by which supervisory staff can seek to develop the leadership potential of subordinate staff. The conference consisted of lectures and discussions on written and verbal communications, staff evaluations, the theory of organization, and work-study methods relating to the objectives of the Service. 29. Probation Officers' Conference.—A three-day living-in conference was held at Kelowna in September, in which all Probation and Parole Officers participated. A lively discussion followed the presentation of papers on the topics of " Group Counselling," " Therapeutic Use of Authority," " Legal Aspects of Probation," and " Family Interviewing Techniques." 30. Outside Conferences.—A total of five staff from Oakalla Prison Farm and the Haney Correctional Institution attended a three-day Pacific Northwest Regional Conference on Recreation, and eight attended the 83rd National Council of Crime and Delinquency Conference in Seattle. 31. Chaplains' Conferences.—In July the senior Roman Catholic chaplain attended a five-day workshop on pastoral care and psychotherapy for clergy of all faiths at St. John's University, Collegeville, Minn. In September a two-day conference and workshop for Protestant chaplains was conducted in the board room of the Vancouver Public Library by the senior Protestant chaplain. Fourteen full- or part-time chaplains attended. 32. Monthly Seminars.—Three open seminars were held for staff of all ranks during the year. Eighty-three heard Dr. J. Regal discuss the topic "An Optimum Treatment Approach to the Sociopath within the Limits of a Large Institution." Two seminars on the treatment of the alchoholic offender, conducted by the Alcoholism Foundation of British Columbia, were attended by a total of 85 staff. The first session dealt with some of the problems in treating the alcoholic offender, and the second included the presentation of a case from the Alcoholism Foundation files illustrating some of the methods of treating alcoholics. GROUP COUNSELLING TRAINING 33. Weekly Staff Meetings.—With the experience gained through the increased development of group counselling at several institutions, it has been demonstrated conclusively that group counselling with lay leaders can only be successful where there is skilled supervision on a continuous basis. When the weekly staff meetings were stopped at New Haven for a period, there was a noticeable drop in the effectiveness of the group counselling programme. A similar drop in effectiveness has been experienced in other units lacking continuous training and interpretation. A noteworthy development in the use of staff as skilled group counselling leaders occurred at the Prince George Gaol, where the Warden met weekly with the leaders for discussion, training, and interpretation. This top-level support has enabled staff at this institution to create a very effective programme. Another development of interest is at the Women's Gaol. To meet the growing need for information and experience in group counselling, staff have been trained by the use of simulated groups. Matrons meet together in a group, participating as they would if they were members of an inmate group in the institution. This procedure gives the Matron an opportunity to observe some of the techniques involved in conducting a group, as well as to experience personally some of the reactions. As a result of the positive effect of the group counselling programme in our institutions, it was decided to start two pilot groups in probation. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 21 These are described in the Probation section of this Report. Here again it was shown how essential it is for group leaders to receive continuous direction and interpretation. The role of group leader is a most demanding one in that he frequendy becomes the focal point of the group's hostility, and yet he must not intrude his own feelings or he will stifle participation on the part of the group and the free ventilation of the group's feelings. We are proceeding cautiously with the development of the group counselling programme in order to ensure adequate supervision at all times. For this reason we are not allowing the formation of groups where there is no provision made for skilled and continuous supervision. STAFF-TRAINING GRANT 34. The staff-training grant of $4,000 was again used to its maximum. This year it covered the cost of degree assistance, extension courses, conferences, and training supplies. The provision of this grant on a yearly basis has proven a valuable asset in the development of our staff-training programme. CONCLUSION 35. While progress has been made in staff-training and a solid base of general training established, there is still much to be done. A small training-school with an establishment of two or three full-time instructors is necessary in order to extend our present programme to cover all staff within the Service. It is hoped, too, that with the growth of experimental rehabilitation programmes in our camps and institutions, we shall be able to draw on a growing body of knowledge which we can incorporate into our general training courses. 36. We are very aware of the need to develop training for supervisory and administrative staff. Our present plans call for an early start on such training next year. 37. Staff-training is gradually emerging from a voluntary spare-time occupation, which had to be fitted in in an officer's spare time, or at a time when no one was on annual leave or away sick, to an essential part of an efficient organization. By tying in the training programme with our promotional policy, there is considerable pressure exerted by junior staff to obtain as much training as possible in order to qualify for promotion and advancement within the Service. • ■ T 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER III TREATMENT OF MEN POPULATION 1. West Wing, Oakalla Prison Farm.—The West Wing at Oakalla Prison Farm is used to house inmates waiting trial, appeal, or transfer to the British Columbia Penitentiary and has a capacity for 178 inmates. Up until five years ago the South Wing was used for this purpose. However, it has a capacity of only 80 cells and was chronically overcrowded. The West Wing, with its much greater capacity, was able to house, in safety, all inmates in this waiting-trial and appeal category until this year. From early September to March the population was con- sistendy in excess of 200 and rose to 250 for extended periods. On September 22nd this overcrowded situation led to a revolt on the part of some 200 prisoners who refused to return to their cells from the Wing exercise yard. The revolt was staged as a demonstration of protest against conditions of overcrowding, poor quality of food, and inadequate laundry and shower facilities. Only prompt and well-organized action on the part of staff avoided a major riot, and inmates were eventually returned to then cells, a small group at a time. While their complaints were well founded, there was little that could be done. The kitchen, designed to cook for 750, was having to prepare meals for a population of up to 1,200. The same problem existed in regard to the other facilities: they were simply inadequate to handle such a large population. The situation became so acute during October that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Vancouver City Police were requested to hold remand prisoners in their local lockups. On October 2nd there were 43 remand prisoners held in the Vancouver City Gaol, which necessitated removing constables from their regular duties. The problem of overcrowding in the West Wing was not caused solely by the increased number of waiting-trial prisoners. The recent changes in legislation allowing time spent waiting appeal to count as time spent served on a sentence has increased considerably the number of inmates appealing then sentences. The Warden of Oakalla Prison Farm reported on October 15th that of the 230 inmates in this Wing, 54 had been sentenced to penitentiary terms and all were appealing. The Warden went on to state:— " Of this group of 54, two have been held in the West Wing for 17 months, one for 14 months, one for 10 months, one for 9 months, and several for 6 months and less, and there is no real indication of how much longer they will spend in this institution, since they are receiving credit for their time served. . . . The general practice today when one receives a sentence is to appeal either sentence or conviction, or both, as there is little to be lost as they sit and do nothing, often delaying the termination of their trial by complaints of not having been able to get the money for their transcripts, not being able to get a satisfactory lawyer, or similar other excuses, which in many instances are quite openly admitted to be a diversion, in the wild hope that something might turn up." And again:— " This Wing is badly overcrowded and includes a group of offenders who, because of their previous experience and their depth of feeling against all authority, will not be able to be outwitted in their plans to cause some major revolt and destruction. As you will recall, they have recently made a mass aggressive move which we were fortunately able to cope with, but without some method of segre- REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 23 gating the professional ' con' organizer from the others, it is almost too much to expect that we will be able to avoid a major catastrophe." The problem of speeding up remands and appeals would appear to be a legal one. From the correctional side we can do little without additional accommodation. To obtain further cellular accommodation for remand prisoners would require clearing one of the other cellular wings completely of sentenced prisoners. This would mean that alternative accommodation would have to be found for nearly 200 sentenced prisoners, a large proportion of whom require secure accommodation. 2. Old Gaol Annex.—The Old Gaol Annex was used continuously throughout the year, housing up to 200 inmates for months at a time during the winter period. This group had to be accommodated in one large condemned dormitory which has extremely limited sanitary facilities and a rated capacity for 96. 3. East Wing, Oakalla Prison Farm.—This wing houses drug addicts and the habitual criminal. It has accommodation for 180 and was continuously over this capacity from October on, reaching a high of 274. The high count in this wing meant increasing the number housed to two in a cell. This created serious problems in control and supervision as a high population of the group are border-line psychotic cases and are given to outbursts of extremely hostile and aggressive behaviour. 4. Overflow Accommodation, Oakalla Prison Farm.—As all other institutions were up to, or over, capacity, temporary living accommodation had to be found at Oakalla for a population that reached a high of 1,269. To achieve this, the population in the Old Gaol Annex was doubled by using two-tier bunks, and as many as 238 inmates were housed, an increase of 72 over last year's 166. By January, however, this extra space was not sufficient, and 40 inmates had to be moved into the basement of the gymnasium. The decision to use this space was made as a last resort as it is quite inadequate for this purpose. The quarters are cramped, poorly ventilated, and without proper sanitary or feeding facilities. However, the population pressure continued to mount, so that by February housing trailers complete with ablution facilities were rented and brought into the prison. These trailers provided accommodation for 80 and allowed the unit in the gymnasium basement to be vacated. These trailers were used for the remainder of the year. Concern has been expressed during the year by our Senior Medical Officer that this continued overcrowding might lead to the complete breakdown of any standards of hygiene and sanitation in the gaol. At one time considerable difficulty was experienced stemming an infestation of lice in the admitting section, caused by the volume of admissions passing through inadequate and insanitary facilities. The volume of individual movements in and out of Oakalla during the year rose to 51,000. Each of these movements involved the issue or receipt of clothing, personal effects and cash, handling of bedding and clothing, recording of particulars, medical inspection, and feeding, and placed heavy demands on the time of staff assigned to the supervision and control of already overcrowded cell blocks. 5. Prince George Gaol.—With the increased employment opportunities in the North, there has been an overflow of a transient population, many of whom find their way to prison. As a result, the Prince George Gaol, with an accommodation for 98, has recorded daily over-capacity counts almost from midsummer to the end of the year. During the winter the count reached a high of 134, which resulted in inmates being housed on the landings in front of the cells. The Warden reported that this overflow population had the effect of slowing down the correctional programme and placing a heavy strain on the staff. All T 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA officers were assigned more inmates than they could effectively report on, supervise, or conveniently handle. GENERAL 6. Discipline.—There were two instances of major infractions against discipline during the year, one being the attempted revolt in the West Wing at Oakalla Prison Farm and the other a violent attack on an officer. This officer was attacked by two inmates at Clearwater Forest Camp when he discovered them escaping. One of the inmates struck him from behind with a shake mallet, causing concussion and a fracture of his skull, which resulted in extensive hospitalization. In spite of his injuries, Security Officer C. T. King was able to raise an alarm, and an immediate search was made, which resulted in the recapture of the two inmates near Kamloops. The high rate of assaults on officers remains a concern, and the number of these assaults appears to rise with the increasing population. At times the situation at Oakalla Prison Farm has been explosive, with patience wearing thin on both sides. Only the skilful leadership of the staff has managed on more than one occasion to contain a potentially dangerous situation. I am glad to be able to report that the over-all disciplinary situation has improved to the point where the larger institutions have shown a considerable drop in the number of infractions, as is shown in the following table:— Total Infractions Assaults on Officers 1961-62 1 1962-63 1 1961-62 1962-63 1,259 1,352 1 19 100 1,039 914 26 31 50 9 2 3 14 1 1 Totals - 2,731 2,060 14 16 The unit team concept at the Haney Correctional Institution has led to a definite improvement in staff-trainee relationships and, as was noted last year, a noticeable decrease in disciplinary infractions. The same factor, without doubt, accounts for this continued improvement in trainee discipline. The reorganization last year of Oakalla Prison Farm into smaller decentralized units, with many disciplinary problems being handled at the unit level, has led to a similar improvement. This improvement is of even greater significance when one considers the overcrowded state of this facility and the type of offender handled. 7. Security.—The number of escapes from closed and open institutions is given below, compared with the number of prisoners in custody during the same period: Number Housed Number Escaped Oakalla Prison Farm 13,413 16 Chiliwack Camps (open) 1,149 12 Haney Correctional Institution 2,002 38 Haney Correctional Institution Camps (open) 788 2 New Haven (open) 94 14 Kamloops Provincial Gaol 1,658 1 Clearwater Forest Camp (open) 531 3 Prince George Gaol 1,214 Totals 20,849 86 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 25 The total of 86 escapes represents 0.41 per cent of the number of inmates that were held in custody during the year. Of this total, 2,562 were held in open facilities. In general, our escape rate is extremely low and is due in large measure to continued careful classification and the leadership afforded by staff. The increase of 32 escapes over last year's total of 54 is from the younger offenders' facilities. The Haney Correctional Institution had 16 escapes last year, compared with 38 this year. This large increase is due to this institution sending up to 138 trainees out to work on the Blue Mountain reforestation project. Many of these 138 are security risks in that they are unstable young men with little behaviour control. However, all were recaptured, the majority by institution staff, with no untoward incident. It is felt the risks taken were justified by the excellence of the forestry programme. CLASSIFICATION 8. Central Classification.—In September, 1962, the function of selecting inmates for transfer to other institutions from Oakalla was established as a headquarters function. To accomplish this a supervisor of Central Classification and an assistant were appointed to the headquarters staff. The Oakalla personnel previously carrying out these duties were reassigned, with one officer remaining to select the inmates for the various units of Oakalla itself. This centralized control of classification has resulted in the needs of all institutions being considered, and a more appropriate assignment of cases by virtue of a closer knowledge by the classification personnel of the proper capabilities of all rather than just one institution. Since then appointment, the classification personnel have reviewed the cases of all prisoners admitted to Oakalla Prison Farm. Those inmates receiving sentences of less than 60 days are routinely held at Oakalla Prison Farm. However, exceptional cases are given more detailed consideration and, depending on circumstances, may be classified to another institution for special treatment. Inmates who receive definite-indefinite sentences are all interviewed with a view to placing them in an institution with a training programme suitable to their needs. Certain inmates serving definite sentences, especially first offenders, are considered for placement in one of the forest camps. In addition, a system of reclassification has been established for the purpose of reconsidering inmates who were not fitting into a training programme. To date five inmates have been reclassified as unsuitable for the training originally decided upon. Twenty-five other applications for reclassification were considered and the original classification sustained. The decisions of the Classification Committee are based on information gained from pre-sentence reports, psychological tests, interviews by themselves and the Senior Medical Officer, and observations by the staff of the classification wing. The precise details of the younger inmate's training programme are worked out after a longer and more detailed study at the particular institution to which he has been assigned. With the pressure of population, a minimum amount of time for institutional placement is given to all other offenders. 9. Institutional Classification.—The younger offender with a definite-indefinite sentence, upon reception at the Haney Correctional Institution, is subjected to intensive study and testing. The product of this study is a detailed treatment plan setting forth broad training goals for the subsequent guidance of staff working directly with the trainee. This initial treatment plan is followed up by systematic T 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA recording of the behaviour and attitude of the trainee, to keep the treatment plan in step with the changing needs of the case. Those inmates with straight definite sentences remain in the common gaols of Oakalla, Prince George, and Kamloops. From here they are selected for the various sub-units of the main institution or transfer to a forest camp. 10. Research.—The study of the present-day drug addict carried on last year in conjunction with the students and staff from the Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, has continued. The demographic portion of this study has been completed, and at the moment the investigation is focusing on the addiction history of each individual in the study. The comparative study of a group of narcotic addicts and a closely related control group of non-addicts through the application of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not show any significant difference between the addict criminal and the non-addict criminal personalities. The negative results of this study plus our own successful experience in the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit point to the conclusion that the problem of drug addiction is not greatly different from that of rehabilitation in general. In view of this, our addiction treatment has no special features that are not found elsewhere in our total corrections programme. Medical staff from the Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia School of Medicine have been carrying out a study on salt infusion and blood volume on voluntary cases at Oakalla Prison Farm. They have been studying an average of five inmates per week. The Senior Medical Officer and a graduate geneticist on the classification staff are currently involved in a study to determine the presence of a narcotic drug in the body. They are studying saliva smears of female addicts and non-addicts to determine whether the taking of drugs can be detected in this manner. If this study is successful, it will have some significance for the parole supervision of addicts, as a simple test could be most useful in detecting whether a parolee has been using drugs or not. EVALUATION STUDIES 11. Young Offender Population.—In order to determine the effectiveness of our correctional programme for younger offenders, a follow-up study was completed on releases from New Haven, Haney Correctional Institution, and Gold Creek Forest Camp. The criterion of success for this study was non-reappearance in an institution, either Provincial or Federal, in British Columbia. Cases were not followed out of the Province, nor were Court records studied to determine any who might have been fined as a result of a future conviction. The possibility of any being placed on probation was removed by the provisions of section 638 (5) of the Criminal Code of Canada. For New Haven, 665 cases discharged over the last 12 years were followed up. All the cases had been out for at least one year. For this group, 62 per cent were not resentenced to an institution in British Columbia. One thousand two hundred and fifteen cases discharged from the Haney Correctional Institution over the last three years were studied, all having been out for at least one year. For this group, 64 per cent were successful. Gold Creek Forest Camp, opened in 1956 as a satellite to New Haven and later transferred to the Haney Correctional Institution when that institution was built in 1958, showed a 70-per-cent success rate over the last four years. This is an extremely high success rate even for a selected population. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 27 In general, these success rates for our young offender population are higher than those reported elsewhere. However, any gross comparisons are dangerous in that the types of inmates dealt with vary greatiy. 12. Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit (Male).—The officer in charge of this unit kept records on the 107 male addicts admitted to the unit for the five years February 1, 1958, to February 1, 1963. During this same five-year period 96 cases were discharged. A follow-up study showed that 63 of these cases were again sentenced to prison and that three had died. The remaining 30 cases were checked through the R.C.M.P. fingerprint files in Ottawa. This check revealed that only one case had been rearrested, giving a success rate (in terms of being arrested anywhere in Canada) of 32 per cent. The cases admitted to this unit are a selected population in the sense that they express varying degrees of motivation to stop using drugs. They represent a small sample compared to other studies. The latest reported follow-up study of 1,912 addicts discharged from the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital at Lexington, Ky., U.S.A., represents a far larger sample, but it showed that 90 per cent became read- dieted. The cases studied by the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit are being further studied to ascertain whether those not rearrested are readdicted or not. RELIGION 13. Chaplains.—The chaplains in the Service, under the direction of the Senior Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains, have continued to interpret their role to the inmates. To lead men to a knowledge of God as revealed in Jesus Christ, and to inspire them to an obedience to His will, the chaplains employ a variety of methods. The use of wisely chosen religious films as a basis for discussion, the use of discussion groups on Bible study in relation to effective Christian living, the provision of correspondence courses on the Bible, the distribution of religious periodicals, all are used to a greater or lesser degree, according to the temperament of the individual chaplain. While co-operation is always forthcoming from the administrative staff of every institution, the chaplain frequently works at a severe disadvantage because of limited facilities. There is an urgent need for chapels in every institution except New Haven. As long as this situation prevails, the chaplains work under a severe handicap, and the effectiveness of the services of public worship is considerably diminished. The chaplains gratefully acknowledge the interest and support of the Greater Vancouver Council of Churches, the local ministerial association, other church bodies and individual congregations, the theological colleges on the campus of the University of British Columbia, the Salvation Army, and the various after-care organizations. The appointment of a full-time chaplain to Oakalla Prison Farm in July, 1962, with no responsibility to other institutions, has enabled the religious programme to be more closely integrated with the over-all programme of the institution. In addition to specifically religious programmes, the chaplains also sponsor institutional Alcoholics Anonymous groups, and other groups on current events or public affairs, in the course of which they are able to come in contact with inmates who otherwise might not be reached. These contacts frequently lead to opportunities for spiritual counselling, which is often helpful to the inmates concerned. All chaplains seek to refer inmates with whom they have worked to an appropriate after-care agency if required, and to a church in the community to which they may return. T 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA This year a number of meetings were held under the guidance of the chaplain at Haney with native Indian trainees. The object was to make a study of their environmental problems in the community, and also to discover new areas of interest within the institutional programme. Study of the Indian Act, employment practices, and arts and crafts formed the basis of the meetings, and the interest shown is indicative of the need to develop this aspect of the programme further. A special advanced study session leading to church membership was held for several months at Haney, and eight trainees were received into membership of various churches in their home community. A two-day conference of Protestant chaplains was held in the board room of the Vancouver Public Library. There were 14 chaplains in attendance who work in our institutions either on a full-time, part-time, or voluntary basis. In addition to a full schedule of lectures, discussions, and demonstrations, there was a display of recent books in penology and pastoral counselling arranged by the Vancouver Public Library. Protestant Worship Services of public worship were held regularly in all institutions and camps, with special services in some institutions on Remembrance Day, Good Friday, during Holy Week, and on Easter Sunday. The sacrament of Holy Communion is also celebrated regularly, and the atmosphere of solemnity and reverence is noteworthy. Inmates were permitted to invite members of their direct family to attend worship with them on three occasions at Haney Correctional Institution and once at New Haven. Visits of Haney trainees to community churches have been continued and are of value in establishing the habit of public worship. Roman Catholic Worship The Holy Sacrifice of Mass is held every Sunday and every holy day. Confessions are held upon request. The padre's hour is held weekly, and the chaplains are grateful for assistance received from members of the Legion of Mary, from visiting chaplains, and from the Sancta Maria House, where women may find shelter and understanding upon release from Oakalla Women's Building. Pastoral counselling continues on an individual and group basis. At Haney, choir practice is held every week, preparing inmates for a better understanding of the mass and litergical singing. SOCIAL TRAINING 14. Group Counselling.—The group counselling pilot project initiated at New Haven last year has now developed to the point where group counselling is in practice at all institutions. The New Haven programme has continued to contribute to the changing of behaviour and attitude on the part of the trainees. As is normal with delinquents, they tend to blame the community, police, Judges, parents, and even companions for the position in which they find themselves. However, it has been found that within the group-counselling setting this irresponsible attitude and braggart front is quickly penetrated by fellow trainees, and the individual is forced to face up to reality. Such interaction as this does much to assist the process of rehabilitation in that the individual is prepared to accept counselling on both an individual and group REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 29 basis much sooner than he normally would. Also, counselling is more readily accepted from members of the peer group than from the staff, particularly in the early stages of training. At Oakalla Prison Farm, group counselling has continued as a part of the programme of the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit. It was also introduced into the East Wing for a problem group of non-addict inmates. With this latter group it was found that it did much to reduce their hostility and improve discipline. An interesting feature of this group was that it met on a voluntary basis. The group in the early stages was small but gradually grew to the point where all but two of this problem group of 20 attended voluntarily. Kamloops Gaol has started a group-counselling programme on a limited scale for short-term offenders, with a group at the Clearwater Forest Camp for those with longer sentences. An outstanding example of how group counselling can be developed in a common gaol is to be seen in the Prince George Gaol. Here the programme has grown to the point where all of the larger work groups are now participating on a compulsory basis twice a week. In addition, a volunteer group meets two evenings per week with the Senior Correctional Officer, and a special group of inmate volunteers who have had some months of experience in group counselling meet once a week in a group session with the Warden. These sessions have proved to be thought- provoking and encourage the individual to face his problems in a positive manner. The following excerpt, taken from the report of the National Parole Service's representative, illustrates the impact of group counselling at this institution. The subject of this report was 40 years old and had 20 previous convictions, which date back to 1939. "Admitted to Prince George Gaol, January 13th, 1962, and was placed in the carpentry shop, at a lathe, where he has worked since. He has taken up leathercraft hobby in his spare time and claims to have sent articles worth $150 to his wife. He was chairman of the Alcoholics Anonymous group for seven months and claims that this is the first time that he has joined the organization. He used to laugh at people who told him he was an alcoholic, but now he realizes that he will not be able to stay out of further difficulties if he drinks again. He seems to have a good understanding of the programme and will follow it up when released in the Prince George area. " M. thinks that he has ' gained a lot' from his prison term as he is now thinking more about others, such as his wife and child, rather than his own pleasures. This has come about through the group counselling programme and a very different relationship with staff in the institution. He found it very difficult to ' do time ' as the staff members have made him do things their way rather than let him work into softer jobs, and although he has blown up on a few occasions, the whole experience has helped him to change ' my thinking.' He has been ' ripped to pieces ' in group counselling, but still attends regularly and feels he has gained renewed confidence in himself. " The John Howard Society in Prince George have taken M. to an outside counselling group session with discharged inmates, which is in the experimental stages. The president, a high school teacher and counsellor, Mr. W. O'Brien, is willing to act as supervisor and will consult with Mr. McKellar, Probation Officer in Prince George, who, along with Magistrate Stewart, is also active in this John Howard Society experiment." Supervision of the Prince George programme has been provided by the Senior Correctional Officer visiting all groups in rotation. Also, a weekly meeting is held for all staff group leaders where progress and problems are discussed with the Senior T 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA Correctional Officer and Warden. The practice of tape-recording group sessions, with the group's permission, and playing back to staff those that demonstrate effective group counselling and group leadership has proven a valuable asset in the training and supervision of the group leaders. The Warden has reported increasing enthusiasm for this method of counselling on the part of his staff. This same development has been reported in other facilities. As the staff become more aware of the inmate as an individual and the inmate in turn becomes a more responsible person, a closer relationship develops, which gives the individual officer a sense of great satisfaction in that he can see the positive results of his leadership. The most highly organized form of group counselling is at the Haney Correctional Institution, where a full-time supervisor has been assigned to the programme. The trainees here attend group counselling at their work placement, with the work- crew officer or instructor acting as the group leader. At the present time there are 53 groups in operation at the institution and camps, with approximately 500 trainees participating. These groups meet twice a week for one hour, with additional meetings being held at the discretion of the leader. Such an additional meeting would be held if an incident arose in a shop or on a work crew that the officer thought should be discussed immediately. Group leaders at the Haney Correctional Institution submit brief reports following each meeting. These are then carefully studied and analysed by the Supervisor of Group Counselling before being passed on to the division heads and the Warden. Training sessions are held with the leaders to discuss techniques, as well as the progress of their group as revealed in their reports. The most significant development during the past year at the Haney Correctional Institution has been the inauguration of the unit team meetings. On November 7th the first unit team meetings were held. Each group consisted of the unit principal officer, the unit counsellor, vocational instructors or teachers, the work- gang officer, plus any other unit officers or lay counsellors assigned to the unit. Right from the beginning, the meetings were an unqualified success. The teams discussed any or all problems pertaining to the unit, special emphasis being placed on the trainees and their problems. An agenda is prepared prior to the meeting. However, any member of the unit team may forward the name of a trainee for discussion or bring up a problem pertaining to the unit. Three such meetings are held each month; the fourth meeting is a training session, which is attended by all members of the team. A speaker, a film followed by discussion, or a panel followed by a discussion period is the usual form taken for such meetings. Recently the Provincial Parole Officers have joined the unit teams, one Parole Officer being assigned to two units. They have been enthusiastically received by the team members and are already making a valuable contribution. Hospital officers are now also in the process of joining the teams, and one officer will be assigned to each unit. Many problems regarding individual trainees are now being referred directiy to the unit team for discussion and decision if necessary. 15. Recreation Programme.—At the Haney Correctional Institution a very successful club programme has been developed, with 21 clubs flourishing within the institution, each with a staff sponsor. These clubs have played an important part in inducing self-respect and awareness of others. In the Arts and Crafts Club the native Indian trainees have done particularly weU, and plans are being made to set up a complete pattern of native Indian art with a view to preserving such a collection for the future. Maximum use has been made of library and recreation facilities in all institutions, and whenever possible sound instruction is given both in playing techniques and in the value of sportsmanship. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 31 16. Physical Testing Programme.—At the Haney Correctional Institution a programme of physical testing for all admissions was commenced. To date over 500 new arrivals have been tested and retested after four months, to determine whether physical progress has been made during this period. This has been particularly useful in cases where poor posture or other physical weaknesses were noted during the initial test. Although a complete and accurate analysis of the test results cannot be made until approximately 1,000 trainees have been assessed, some definite trends have become apparent:— (1) In general, all trainees are very unskilled in athletic activities, such as gymnastics, volleyball, and basketball. (2) The motor ability scores on the Brace Motorability Test, although suggesting a normal curve, are far below normal. (3) The physical fitness of most trainees upon arrival is far below a passing grade on the Indiana Physical Fitness Test. Some improvement in physical fitness has been noticed on retesting after four months. (4) Some trainees have marked deficiencies in motorability and physical fitness. A few trainees had structural and postural defects which required remedial attention. Still others had suffered injuries or illness which handicapped them physically: a remedial class could help them. A systematic physical-fitness programme commenced on February 15th, designed for trainees who obtained extremely low scores on the intake test battery. Since this programme has been in progress for only a short time, it is too soon to draw any conclusions. One trainee, however, retested after three weeks raised his physical fitness score from 9 to 26 per cent. 17. Community Service.—Traditionally in corrections the focus is on the individual inmate and his problems. This can lead to the individual seeing himself as the centre of the institutional universe and develop little concern for others. To offset this risk and to give the inmate a chance to gain satisfaction by doing something voluntarily for someone else, a good deal of emphasis has been placed on community service. At Haney Correctional Institution volunteer groups have, on their own time, completed an outdoor kitchen and washhouse in Allco Park for the municipality and developed two Y.M.C.A. camps designed to give children who cannot otherwise afford a camping experience some of the benefits of camping. COUNSELLING 18. Casework.—With the advances made in probation and the larger number of young offenders being committed to adult institutions, a generally younger and more disturbed group of inmates has been sent to New Haven and Haney Correctional Institution. Consequently, more emphasis has been placed on individual counselling so that now each unit at Haney Correctional Institution has a full-time professional counsellor. This counsellor not only provides a casework service to the trainees, but serves as a consultant and member of the unit team. The psychiatrist is also available as a consultant to this team. 19. Lay Counselling.—Lay counselling by Correctional Officers has continued at Haney Correctional Institution and New Haven. At these two institutions it has been developed to a most satisfactory level by constant supervision and staff-training. One of the more significant developments in this counselling technique occurred at the Prince George Gaol, where it has been developed on a regular and supervised basis for a common-gaol population. The plan, placed in effect on October 15th, involved all the supervisory staff, including Correctional Officers, 17 in all. These T 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA officers were assigned one to three inmates each. Their responsibilities included the establishing of counsellor-inmate relationships, preparation of social histories, maintenance of training files, and the guiding and counselling of inmates throughout their stay in the institution. Some pre-release planning was included. The Warden reports that this lay counselling programme has made a marked advance in his over-all correctional programme. His staff are enthused about the continuing therapeutic effect that has developed as a result of the improved staff- inmate relationship. The South Wing at Oakalla Prison Farm has developed an orientation counselling programme for inmates passing through this classification unit. New admissions are prepared for their unit placement and helped to overcome some of the anxiety which is invariably present during the initial stages of incarceration. EDUCATION 20. Academic Education.—The two most significant developments of the year in this area occurred at Haney Correctional Institution and Prince George Gaol. At Haney Correctional Institution a Grade X accelerated course was introduced. This is the same course that is being offered by the vocational schools as a means of raising the educational level of unemployed persons. The objective is to raise students as much as two school grades in a five-month period. Twenty trainees are on this plan, and early indications are that the majority should be successful on this course. At Prince George Gaol a classroom academic programme was introduced for the first time. A portion of the basement was partitioned off as a classroom and a teaching programme instituted for the afternoons and evenings. This teaching programme focused on the elementary grades and was carried out by a Correctional Officer with the assistance of local education authorities. The more advanced studies are taken by correspondence courses, which are completed and supervised in the same classroom. Some inmates continue to work on homework and correspondence courses in their living-quarters in the evening, when tutorial help is provided by the Correctional Officer in charge of education. New Haven has continued with its compulsory academic education five evenings a week on a correspondence and classroom basis. 21. Vocational Training.—The extensive vocational training programme of Haney Correctional Institution has continued at a high level. The number who entered training has dropped from 400 to 300. This is attributed to a more experienced staff of instructors coping with problems and motivating many trainees to stay with their training instead of running away from it when difficulties were encountered. At Oakalla Prison Farm five inmates working in the boiler-house were studying for their fourth-class steam engineering certificates. One completed his course during the year, wrote the examination, and received his fourth-class steam engineer's certificate before leaving the institution. At Haney Correctional Institution six trainees were studying for their certificate; one qualified as a fourth-class steam engineer and another as a Class B heating engineer. At Haney Correctional Institution 10 trainees were trained in the kitchen and later placed as cooks in outside employment. 22. Libraries.—With the increased emphasis on education, the libraries in all institutions have experienced full use. The bookbindery at Oakalla Prison Farm has also been kept occupied, having rebound and repaired some 1,000 books. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 33 A series of audio-visual workshops was held with staff at Oakalla Prison Farm to examine new approaches and methods in teaching. As a result of this initial work, a number of Science Research Associates reading kits have been purchased and staff instructed in their use. They are now in use in several units, and the inmates' response to them has been encouraging. A limited number of filmstrips has been purchased which can be used as aids to educational programmes, staff-training, and interest groups. Five long-playing records, which have application to group discussion sessions, are also in use in several units. The library at Haney Correctional Institution operates much as a public library in the community. Trainees come in during the evening to read, browse, and borrow, and the responsibility to return the book is theirs as in any public library. It is interesting to note that the library atmosphere in this institution compares favourably with any public library. 23. General.—The usual range of work projects involving maintenance, overhaul, laundry and clothing repair, replacement of equipment and buildings was carried on throughout the year. Reforestation of the area surrounding Haney Correctional Institution has continued, as has the reforestation work undertaken by the Kamloops Gaol. The farms at Oakalla Prison Farm, New Haven, Twin Maples, Kamloops, and Prince George were again utilized and provided substantial food supplies to the respective institutions. 24. Production.—The following table gives a breakdown of the year's production for the indicated production shops at Oakalla Prison Farm. Internal consumption is defined as items produced for and used by the Department of the Attorney- General, and external consumption indicates items produced for other Government agencies. The value attached to production is always the lowest current market value as determined by the British Columbia Purchasing Commission. Shop Number of Items Produced Value of Internal Consumption Value of External Consumption 30,498 34,524 41,772 1,561,397 4,963 2,916 45 165 $83,172.25 42,011.99 27,650.00 15,639.70 ) 74,127.00 2,690.00 $102,528.56 Shoe- 1,656.00 Repaired „ Upholstery. 5,115.00 Totals $245,290.94 $109,299.56 The sheet-metal shop is now in full production on highway signs and filing- cabinets and has created considerable savings, as can be seen in the above table. The amount of external production by the shoe and sock shops has been reduced considerably due to the increasing needs of our own service. T 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER IV FOREST CAMPS INTERDEPARTMENTAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE 1. Committee Activity.—As in the past, this Committee, composed of senior officials from the Forest Service and Corrections Branch, met to plan and review forestry projects. With the increasing number of reforestation projects, it became necessary to develop a more formal organization for contact between the Forest Service and Corrections Branch staff in the field. Toward this end a detailed organization plan was developed to operate under the Co-ordinating Committee with specific assignments. Two Forestry Operations Officers were appointed—one from the Forest Service and one from the Corrections Branch. These two officers are responsible to the Co-ordinating Committee to see that approved projects are carried out efficientiy and that the policies established by this Committee are being followed. In the field, one specific Forest Service official and one Corrections Branch officer have been assigned to each of the five reforestation projects being carried out by the Corrections Branch, and all liaison work for each project is carried on through these two officers. The working relationships we enjoy with the Forest Service at all levels in this organization are excellent and have resulted in projects of benefit both to the Province as well as our inmate population. Liaison with the Parks Branch has continued on a less formally organized basis for work in Garibaldi, Wells Gray, and Seymour Mountain Parks. CHILLIWACK FOREST CAMPS 2. Construction.—The fourth camp for the Chilliwack Valley was put into operation this year, giving a total capacity in these camps of 240 inmates. This fourth camp, built from lumber cut in the valley, followed plans provided by the Forest Service and is far superior in terms of accommodation to any other camp. An electric-power line was extended into the valley as far as Tamahi Creek Camp by the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority. As we were anxious to extend this power-line farther into the valley, arrangements were made whereby inmate crews, under the direction of their officers, built the next 4 miles to Mount Thurston Camp. The poles were supplied by our logging crews and the line erected by inmates and staff to B.C. Hydro standards. Because of a flood in November, the Tamahi Creek Camp had to be moved to higher ground. Plans are presently under way to rebuild this camp at a more suitable site. 3. Population.—The camps were operated at capacity throughout the year. One thousand two hundred and ninety-three inmates were transferred to the camps from Oakalla Prison Farm. Without this accommodation the situation at Oakalla would have indeed been impossible. 4. Reforestation Projects.—Right-of-way clearing and road construction and maintenance were carried out on the main access roads of the valley in addition to establishing additional fire access roads, fire-breaks, and the construction of protection trails. A large proportion of the work time was put into the thinning and pruning of standing trees as well as the clearing of debris and useless growth in preparation for replanting. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 35 The three tree nurseries operated during the year produced over 2,000,000 seedlings for replanting in the forest. The actual replanting from the nurseries to the forest totalled 143,400 trees. 5. Parks Project.—Over a thousand inmate working days were spent at Cultus Lake Park on improvement and maintenance of the park. Assistance was also given during the winter months with clearing up the severe storm damage suffered by this park in November. 6. Social Training.—The recreation periods for the inmates have continued and now include inter-camp sports. Facilities have also improved for hobby work and correspondence-course study. 7. Religious Services.—Religious services and counselling have been provided by visiting ministers for both Protestants and Roman Catholics. HANEY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION CAMPS 8. Gold Creek Camp.—Gold Creek Camp has been converted into a prerelease camp for the main institution. The work and training programmes have remained the same. Crews from this camp were employed in Garibaldi Park, landscaping, providing firewood, maintaining the camp-sites, and clearing land for new picnic and camping areas. 9. Pine Ridge Camp.—This camp has been changed from a pre-release camp to an honour unit where inmates serve their complete sentence. Many of the inmates are still involved in training at the main institution and walk back to the institution for training during the day, returning to camp unescorted in the late afternoon. Others who work outside of the main institution are employed on reforestation, logging, and the operation of a saw and planer mill. KAMLOOPS GAOL AND FOREST CAMP 10. Reforestation.—Crews from the main gaol at Kamloops again carried out projects for the Forest Service in the same manner as in the previous year. New projects were the clearing and cleaning of seed-production areas at White Lake and Westwold. One hundred and fifty-three prisoner-days were devoted to this project. The Falkland reforestation on the " Pin " fire was continued. Thirty-two thousand seedlings were planted in April and May, and further clearing was carried out during the winter months. A total of 550 prisoner-days was spent on this project. 11. Clearwater Forest Camp.—Crews from this camp carried out a wide range of work projects in the Wells Gray Park. These included road clearing and maintenance, clearing an emergency airstrip, cutting 5,000 fence-posts for the Department of Highways, clearing a new park service area, and maintaining picnic areas in the park. The mobile camp was again in use during the summer. The inmates from this fly camp continued work on the public camp-site at Clearwater Lake constructing additional units. VANCOUVER ISLAND CAMP 12. Snowdon Forest Camp.—This is our most recent camp, located in the Sayward Forest District north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island. T 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA Construction of the camp was started in November and reached its full count of 60 inmates in February. Although the camp was put into operation in good time, its construction was hampered by the severe winter weather. High winds and continuous rain turned the camp-site into a virtual sea of mud, making it necessary to carry all building sections several feet by hand. Work in the forest itself was started during the last month of the year after a 4-mile power-line had been erected by the inmates to provide power for the camp. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 37 CHAPTER V TREATMENT OF WOMEN GENERAL 1. Population.—There were 1,160 admissions during the year, resulting in a daily average population of 143, an increase of 23 over last year's average. Accommodation in the gaol was strained by peak periods when the inmate population reached as high as 175. Of the 1,160 admissions, approximately half were Indian women, many of whom came from distant points in the Province. This suggests the need for regional facilities to take care of these women in the communities, if possible, where the causes of their troubles are most apparent. While in the institution, Indian women respond well to authority and sometimes appear almost happy to be clean and well fed. Their health is greatiy improved by the time they return to their communities, but the problem which usually brings them to gaol—namely, alcohol—has not been solved. Approximately 43 per cent of admissions were drug-users. During the year 268 were treated for drug withdrawal by the clinic, while 448 were treated for alcoholism. For six months of the year, Doukhobor women, sentenced or waiting trial, were accommodated in a separate Quonset hut, staffed by matrons who spoke their language and understood their background. Considerable progress was made in convincing these women through group discussions that they had a responsibility to conform to rules and regulations in the institution in order to earn concessions and privileges. They gave the impression on their departure that they were more willing to setde down in the community. 2. Discipline.—Discipline continues to be good, with a healthy atmosphere prevailing throughout the prison. There were 28 disciplinary infractions and two assaults on matrons, considerably less than last year. 3. Security.—There were nine escapes during the year—four from the Women's Narcotic Drug Research Unit and five from Twin Maples Farm, an open unit. Due to overcrowding in the maximum-security section, many escape risks had to be housed in more or less open cottages beside the main building. As many as 65 women were housed in this manner, but no untoward problems were experienced. 4. Classification.—All new inmates, on admission, were placed in the orientation area until their health was satisfactory and it was felt by the medical and classification staff that they were ready for a living unit and placement in one of the vocational or work teams. Every effort was made to segregate new offenders from old, and drug addicts from non-users. RELIGION 5. Protestant Worship.—A religious programme is scheduled for Tuesday evenings, when audio-visual aids and discussion techniques are used for instruction. The Sunday service, now held in the afternoon by the Senior Protestant Chaplain, has brought about increased attendance since entire groups with their matrons frequentiy attend. T 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA 6. Roman Catholic Worship.—The Senior Roman Catholic Chaplain has conducted services and given counselling throughout the year. The Legion of Mary visited weekly to assist in group discussions. 7. Non-institutional Worship.—The inmates at the Twin Maples Farm attend church in Haney since there is no church service held on the farm grounds. SOCIAL TRAINING 8. Group Counselling.—AU groups participate in daily counselling sessions. The emphasis is placed as much as possible on the group itself finding solutions to problems. This technique is used both in the work and vocational groups, which meet during the daytime as well as in the living groups in the evening. As a result, the old " con " run prison culture is gradually breaking down and becoming less prominent. Younger women respond well to the counselling sessions, which enable them to ah their problems and to understand themselves better. However, it has been found that the longer the record and the more institutionalized the inmate, the more reluctant she is to probe into her own problems or to recognize and accept any responsibility for her own behaviour. 9. Recreation.—Inter-unit competition and activities with volunteer groups have been carried on. Dance therapy and a modern art series introduced by one of the staff have been very well accepted by most groups. 10. Education.—Vocational as well as educational training continues as in previous years. A daily class was begun for illiterates. There is an increased demand for more technical and specific types of reading due to the intensive group- work programme. A Science Research Associates kit is in use for improvement of silent readers. Full use is made of the library by many of the women. 11. Socialization.—This year a concentrated effort was made to involve the Women's Unit with the community. Selected groups of volunteer students from the University of British Columbia, after receiving an outline of the programme, were given a number of inmates to visit weekly and to take out into the community once a month, usually to the University. These visits and tours to industrial plants and exhibits of various types opened up new areas of experience to the inmates. Community facilities, such as the Y.W.C.A. and South Burnaby swimming- pools, bowling-alleys, and church recreational activities were made available to the Unit. Numerous business, professional, and church groups have visited the prison and offered their volunteer services. WORK 12. Institution.—The sewing and mending rooms service not only the Women's Unit, but the entire population of Oakalla as well as Haney Correctional Institution and New Haven. The women's laundry undertook to launder the operating-room linen for the gaol hospital, which strained its facilities to the limit. 13. Twin Maples Farm. — The farm at Twin Maples is becoming almost entirely self-operating. The women here do their own laundry, baking, canning, pasteurize the milk from their dairy cattle, and make butter for then use. Every effort is made to assign to the farm women who can use this type of training and experience in their own homes and communities. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 39 NARCOTIC DRUG TREATMENT UNIT 14. Extracts from Unit Report.—Because of the developing concern in the difficult task of treating drug addiction, the report of the female drug treatment unit is presented here in some detail:— " In the Men's Unit at Oakalla Prison Farm 10 per cent of the 10,838 admitted during the past fiscal year were drug-users, while at the Women's Unit 43.5 per cent of the 1,160 women admitted were drug-users. Because of the highly contagious nature of addiction among delinquents in this area, both units have been careful to segregate drug-users from non-users so far as is possible within the limitations of the physical plan in the institution. Treatment of the addicts, like that of other inmates in the institution, has been centred around a group-work approach. " In addition to this general treatment approach and philosophy, and as a direct result of recommendations contained in the Stevenson Report in 1956, two Narcotic Drug Research Units, known as the Male and Female Research Units, were established at Oakalla to serve as pilot projects in the search for a more effective means of coping with the problems of addiction in an institutional setting. " The Women's Research Unit is a simulated log structure which is situated alongside the main building of the Women's Unit. Twelve inmates can be housed in the dorm area, but because of the limited bathroom and kitchen facilities, we find 10 can be accommodated more successfully. This is a semi-autonomous unit; all meals are prepared and served in the Pan-Abode, and some of the women work in the Pan-Abode throughout the day, while some work in the main unit, taking academic courses or vocational training of some kind. An attempt is made to segregate Research group from the general population as much as possible, but given our physical location, this is possible only to a point. " Two years ago the Warden took a special interest ir; the Women's Research programme, as it seemed apparent to him that whereas the prerequisites for a good institutional treatment programme for addicts had been met here, as elsewhere, actual treatment had only been prepared for, and not really tried. He therefore initiated a more intensive programme, which was designed to test out certain treatment theories which seemed to merit further investigation of a more systematic nature. Some of these treatment ideas had been developed out of our own experience in working with addicts; others had been developed elsewhere by people involved in the treatment of sociopaths and patients suffering from character disorders. We did not intend to neglect considerations of custody and control, but we did hope, by trial, adaptation, and constant evaluation, to develop a good treatment programme within these very necessary bounds. " In developing our approach we tried to keep in mind certain common features of persons suffering from character disorders who tend to act out then difficulties in a hostile, aggressive manner. These people have learned to achieve their various objectives by manipulating others, and addicts, in particular, are past masters in this art. They also project onto society their own feelings of hostility and aggression. They can avoid facing their own inadequacies and difficulties by blaming the outside world. It isn't their fault they come to prison for stealing; the police pick on them. This process of rationalization is sometimes very complex and intricate, and requires a lot of untangling before the individual in question can begin to accept responsibility for his own actions. " The addict has two more hurdles to jump in learning to face and cope with his difficulties. First, he has learned that he can solve or at least minimize all of his difficulties pharmaceutically, simply by taking a fix or a pill. Secondly, he has T 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA around him (both within and outside of the prison) a group of friends and acquaintances who accept and share in his rationalizations, and who also have learned the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical solution to their problems. Both of these factors impede any motivation which he might otherwise have to seek treatment and gain insight into his problem areas. " With these problems in mind, we set out some basic requirements for participation in the Research Unit programme which we are not, under any circumstances, prepared to submit to arbitration. Although these requirements may seem unduly harsh, the group members know they have the choice of either accepting the challenge and staying strictly within these limits or leaving the Research Unit and returning to the main building to take their chances. Beyond this we are not willing to compromise. " Our first requirement is that all group members must take part in group counselling sessions. Our meetings are held at 2.30 p.m., Monday to Saturday, so that both the morning and afternoon staff members can be involved. The groups usually continue until at least 4 o'clock, but there is no set time-limit. A girl may have individual interviews with a worker from another agency of course, but she must also take part in group counselling, as this part of our programme takes precedence over any other. Aside from our belief in the intrinsic value of a group approach to treatment, we feel that this approach greatly minimizes the possibility of manipulation. So long as the girls come to us individually with their problems and requests, we are certainly vulnerable to manipulation, but if they present then problems in front of the group, and to the group, the chances of successfully manipulating a situation are greatly reduced. "Another requirement about which we are very strict is medication. By the time a girl comes to the Research Unit she has completed a programme of medical treatment for drug withdrawal, and we make it very clear when interviewing prospective members that we do not allow anyone in our group to be on any kind of medication other than that which would be considered justifiable, on purely physiological grounds. The taboo list includes aspirin or pain-killers of any kind, tranquillizers, sedatives, sleeping medication, and even diet pills. We allow aspirin or 222 tablets if a tooth has been extracted or an ankle sprained, etc., but we make it clear at the outset that minimal doses will always be given. " Much to our gratification, we have found that this hard-line attitude has worked. After a few weeks of struggle, the girls stop barraging us with the usual string of demands for medication to relieve their various somatic complaints. We make it clear that all we can do is listen sympathetically and offer moral support, but we will not assume the guilt and the responsibility which they try to shift onto us in the process. New arrivals to the Research Unit sometimes go through a testing period in which they make the usual demands and threats, but they soon learn from the other group members that this is not a legitimate means of gaining attention in this setting. They are now almost stoical in their reactions to pain and stress, and seem grateful for our implied confidence in their ability to cope without relying upon medication. "A third limitation placed on the group members concerns their associations with other addicts and known delinquents. Unless a couple is legally married, no letter-writing and (or) visiting is allowed between the Men's and Women's Units. Additionally, however, girls from the Research Unit are not allowed to spend any money which they receive from outside sources. This restriction serves a double purpose: it means the girls must rely on then own good performance to receive higher good-conduct pay rating, and it cuts down on their obligations to old associ- REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 41 ates on the outside. Now that they can no longer spend money or receive parcels from their old boy friends, they usually drop the contact altogether. " To help meet some of their real needs for cigarettes and cosmetics money, we devised a baking-school project. The girls take turns baking pies, bread, meat pies, etc., and sell their produce to the staff. They must do all their own ordering of supplies, budgeting, planning, and cooking, and must do a good enough job to satisfy their customers. They must learn about pricing and economizing if they are to realize any profits, and must restrain themselves from literally eating up their capital. Any profits which are made in this fairly extensive business operation are shared equally among the group members. The project has done a great deal to teach our girls the real value of money, and has given them a sense of achievement in knowing they have done their job well. Many have learned to budget their own money for the first time, and they are proud of being able to assume financial responsibility for themselves in a socially approved manner. " On a more strictiy treatment level, we had two knotty problems to solve. First, we had somehow to break down the traditional trust barrier between inmates and staff. The relationship between the female staff and the inmates in the Women's Unit is, on the whole, quite good, but there are still vast areas about which there is no communication between the two camps. Because the staff members are the agents of social control in this setting, life becomes a constant game of cat and mouse, such that only about one-third of the actual social life and social structure of the inmate group is visible to the staff. We felt that in order to be of any treatment value to the group members, we had somehow to gain their confidence and trust while maintaining their respect so that we could be ' let in on ' more of their very important daily patterns of interaction in a useful way. We felt that the best way to break down this barrier was to somehow make the girls responsible for their own operation so that they would not see rule enforcement as a punitive, restrictive function, but as a necessary part of group living. We had to make them realize that then dishonesty and social irresponsibility was much more hurtful to themselves than it was to the institution or the Research Unit staff. They seem to have to experience this on a meaningful first-hand rather self-centered basis before they can accept it as a valid orientation to life in general. On a purely practical level it could be seen that by eating their baking supplies, or by losing customers for selling inferior produce, only they lost out in the long run. for they were the ones who were out of pocket money. Our next problem was to help them test out these ideas in terms of their relationship with one another and with the staff. " One of our first moves in trying to establish feelings of trust so that the girls would not try, on principle, to somehow ' beat the system' was to encourage full group participation in the planning and scheduling of group activities and individual duties for the week. We may suggest and arbitrate, but the final decision must be theirs. They must keep their own record of group discussions and decisions reached, and they must ensure that proceedings within the group be kept confidential to the Research Unit. " Next we encouraged them to take increasing responsibility for their own social control and group behaviour. We made them responsible for getting themselves up in the morning and for keeping a daily check on the cleanliness of their individual sleeping cubicles. Good-conduct pay ratings would be made in accordance with how well they were able to measure up to institutional standards in these respects, but they had to do their own prodding, pushing, and policing in these matters. "As you can imagine, the girls objected violently to this innovation. Although on the one hand they complained about having staff ' constantly on our backs,' the T 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA notion that they should perhaps monitor themselves was quite appalling to them. So long as social control, even of this minor type, was the responsibility of the staff, non-conformity was considered to be part of the game and a useful way of ' getting back' at staff if you were annoyed with them. They wanted staff to continue to play this controlling role so that they would not have to blame each other or, even worse, blame themselves if they were paid 10 cents a day for a week when they had hoped to be clever enough to get 50 cents a day. In this way the girls had an opportunity to test out reality again. They were brought face to face with the extent to which they could, or could not, expect to exert enough self-discipline to get themselves up in the morning to go to work, and could not get away with the rationalization that ' it would be different if I were on the outside and knew I had to do things for myself.' Here was a good place to practise, and we expected them to measure up here before they would be considered ready to undertake any greater responsibilities, such as advanced programme activities, gradual release parole, or even full parole. " We knew that to profitably exploit the therapeutic potential of a delinquent group, particularly an addict group, we had to make it as difficult as possible for them to blame authority figures for their feeling of frustration, their anxieties, and their attitudes. We could not allow them the safety of directing all of the hostility toward us as authority figures, and of supporting one another in this rationalization by ganging up against us as a group. We had to make them share in our responsibility for control in the group so that feelings of resentment and hostility would be directed toward one another also, not just toward the staff. As they began feeling resentful or hostile toward one another instead of toward the staff, they were obliged to take a closer look at these feelings and all they implied. " Our next step in attempting to achieve this goal was to ask the group to actually assign the various good-conduct pay ratings themselves. We established what our weekly quota of good-conduct pay was in this Unit, and then, given this general framework, allowed the group to make the actual allocations. We found that we could pay one person 80 cents a day, two could earn 50 cents a day, and the remainder could be paid 30 cents a day. " Once again this innovation met with a great upheaval within the group. They felt very resentful because they did not want to be put into a position in which they would have to judge and evaluate one another and themselves, and they accused the staff of shirking their duty and responsibility by giving the group this chore. They even argued that they could not possibly know who deserved the best ratings because they were not wearing white uniforms. All of this was to no avail, however; we were convinced of the merit of the system, and we persevered. We indicated that we would continue to make notes about how well the individual inmates performed their work assignments, or how well they participated in planned group activities, and we would note any rule infractions which had come to our attention, but beyond this the group members were expected to make the final evaluation for themselves. "The subsequent pay-ratings meetings went through some very interesting stages. For a time the ratings were essentially a popularity contest, with the best liked or most useful member being paid the most, and for a time also only those inmates whose deviations had been noted by the staff were penalized for their poor behaviour, and others who were perhaps deviating as much but doing it skilfully were protected by the group. Our only requirement was that the group discuss why they were making allocations the way they were, and we would not allow them to make the pay assignments on an automatic basis. We prodded, questioned, and commented, and they took the cue from there. Eventually one of the members who was constantly penalized for her very obvious deviations accused the other group r REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 43 members of being hypocritical and unfair. She did not actually state how the other group members were cheating, but she certainly insinuated that she expected them to quit playing her for a sucker. In this session we were able to an extent to break through the fairly established pattern of inmates automatically protecting one another from the outside. Because of the fact that it was obvious that only they suffered and only they could set things right again, it became pointless to keep up a barrier of silence between the staff and the group. We tried not to bring in any external sanctions against the group members for deviations which were mentioned in the pay-rating session, hoping that the distribution of money alone would provide sufficient social control in all but the most serious cases, and so far we have not been greatly disappointed. The nature and reason for various institutional rules was brought into question by the group often, frequently as a last-ditch effort to rationalize non-conformity by claiming it was a ridiculous restriction in the first place. By capitalizing on what was happening in the group at the moment, however, we were able to use a rather dramatic incident to advantage, for this incident affected the entire group and pointed up the real necessity for some of the very rules which had been most harshly criticized. We took this opportunity to ask the group members to draw up their own set of rules and expectations for the Research Unit which would ensure minimum protection and comfort for the group members, and, as we predicted, we found these rules and expectations did not differ in any significant way from those which had previously been drawn up by the staff. At the same time the group arrived at a set of understood but unwritten standards of behaviour which are expected for the various pay categories. Pay ratings are still difficult for the group, but over the long-range period they realize that this method of allocation is much more fair to all concerned than any which could have been devised by the staff alone. "At the present time, and as a result of two years of experimenting, analysing, and developing, our group discussions have become tremendously meaningful and fruitful. The girls are now able, and indeed find it necessary, to express their feelings about each other, about the staff, and about themselves, and the group insists that these be true feelings, not a performance. They are beginning to see that the relationships they form in this group are not significantly different from those which they form on the outside, and that the difficulties they encounter here are a very close reflection on those they encounter with their friends and with society as a whole. The one great deficiency in this here-and-now approach is, of course, the absence of men in the group. Unfortunately we are not so far advanced as to have coeducational prisons (although co-educational mental hospitals seem to be working very well), but there is a real need for the girls to be able to work through difficulties in their relationships with men as well. We are fortunate in having some male members of staff take part in our group counselling sessions, but greater participation by men in the daily activities of the girls would be even more beneficial." T 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER VI HEALTH AND HYGIENE 1. The Senior Medical Officer reports as follows:— " Medically this has been an eventful year. It marked the opening of the new prison hospital, situated in the old Young Offenders' Unit, on October 9, 1962. The adaptation of the building was carried out by the Department of Public Works. The architect was Mr. Stan Lloyd, and the foreman of works, Mr. Fred Gordon. We would like to place on record our appreciation of the great co-operation we received, and the skill with which the reconstruction was carried out. Your achievement has been a small general hospital which does credit to present medical services. " We would also like to stress our appreciation of yourself, your superiors in Victoria, and your subordinate colleagues for your awareness of medical needs in the way of staffing and equipment. With only a few additions to both of these aspects, we would be equipped to carry out any medical treatment except that which could only be supplied by a large general hospital. We are fortunate to have been allowed a staff of technicians with psychiatric and registered nurses. In order to accomplish a nursing service of high calibre, we require at least one more registered nurse, as experience is showing. " The pressures of overcrowding have made heavy demands on medical services, and it is greatly to the credit of all staff, both in the main units and in the out-patient and in-patient departments of the prison hospital, that no epidemic or fatal illness occurred during the year under review. The number of admissions to Oakalla has been excessive, and frequently more than 60 men have been examined as admissions by the doctor during his evening duty in addition to those women admitted to the Women's Building. "Almost all available space in the men's hospital is in daily use, and we are also admitting patients from other institutions requiring special medical and surgical care. " The overcrowding in the women's quarters has also brought medical problems. The onus on the staff incurred by such large numbers of inmates is almost overwhelming, and if it were not for the skill which has been exercised in handling so many disturbed people living in such close quarters, grave episodes could have occurred. " We would like to comment medically on the care which has been afforded to very disturbed inmates by the staff of all units, and more especially on the West- gate sections, which accommodate, amongst many others, those younger offenders who have failed in other institutions or have been rejected by classification as unsuitable for training elsewhere. Whilst time allowed, I had a weekly conference with the senior staff of Westgate B, and it was evident how much insight, patience, and individual counselling were employed in the face of behaviour pathology which might well daunt and defeat less-devoted supervisors. " Conditions in the old gaol were such that health authorities would have condemned them as unsuitable for habitation, and indeed this is our opinion and recommendation. It is hoped that your plans for a special institution for the older and alcoholic offenders will materialize very shortly. " We are also in need of a special unit and programme for the treatment of younger, grossly disturbed male offenders. There is also a significant number of REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 45 offenders who are so constitutionally inadequate and pathological (perhaps dangerously so) that resources should be available for them to be detained in a special psychiatric institution or hospital, if necessary, for life. We also would welcome a clinic of forensic medicine for the treatment of the more responsive sex offender. We welcomed the initiation of this in two conferences we have been privileged to attend under the chairmanship of Dr. James Tyhurst, during which the cases of two men convicted as criminal sexual psychopaths were discussed with a view of assessing their fitness to return to the community. We await with interest the report to be submitted by Dr. A. Marcus, a member of Dr. Tyhurst's staff, following his survey of the psychiatric needs of your probation branch and institutions as regards psychiatric and ancillary services. " The admitting area at Oakalla continues to be inadequate and the situation steadily deteriorates. " The kitchen area is inadequate for the increasing population, and your plans for meeting this problem, I know, are far advanced. The achievement of the kitchen staff, as evidenced by the quality of the food, is well worthy of recording in the face of almost insuperable difficulties. This has been much appreciated by your medical staff, and it was when we had a brief experience of food poisoning in the Westgate units that the difficulties became highlighted. " Once more we mention the elementary training unit, which still offers nothing but a negative disciplinary isolation area, and the continued use of the dark cells is, I feel, to be deplored. " The health services in the Women's Building have been meeting almost insurmountable problems, but with the unstinted help of staff, visiting gynecologists from the Provincial health department, and the out-patient and in-patient facilities of the Vancouver General Hospital, a relatively high standard of physical health has been maintained. " There should be a separate women's infirmary unit and facilities for patients requiring medical isolation, as, for example, those under observation for tuberculosis or with active disease awaiting transfer to TB. hospitals and those with staphylococcal infection or other communicable diseases. " The utmost possible use of the somewhat dilapidated older buildings at Twin Maples Farm has been employed. On one occasion the sanitation failed seriously owing to a defect in the septic tank, but this was remedied without delay. Medical conditions have been observed by routine visits of inspection. " The camps at Chilliwack have also been visited periodically, and medical services have been supplied by return to Oakalla Prison Farm of those requiring attention and by emergency visits to Chilliwack General Hospital when necessary. Numbers there are now sufficient to require the appointment of a part-time physician. It is very necessary that those staff officers with industrial first-aid certificates should be encouraged and enabled to renew them when their present certificates have expired. It is hoped that an ambulance will be in use before long and a central unit in one of the camps with qualified staff in attendance. We have been very fortunate in the rare incidence of serious accidents. This is greatly to the credit of all staff working in the camps, especially considering that men of advanced age and low medical category are amongst the population there. " I have visited the correctional institution at Haney almost weekly, and have been pleased to observe the high standard of medical services there in spite of the absence of a full-time physician. Dr. A. Trudel has continued to employ what time he can allot in the most efficient manner. T 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA " I have also visited the camps at Pine Ridge and Gold Creek as often as possible, and have made recommendations concerning the urgent need for renovations to the kitchen at Gold Creek and for replacement of the ablution hut there. " I have closely observed and examined some of the more sociopathic and delinquent young individuals classified for the Haney Correctional Institution, and have noted a change of policy since the criteria of suitability for this institution was formulated. It is my opinion that although techniques have been adapted to control them at Haney Correctional Institution, they are disruptive to the high calibre of training programme for which the Institution was designed. " I have greatly appreciated the opportunity to take part in the senior officers' training classes at Haney Correctional Institution. "Dental services have been most conscientiously carried out by Dr. Walter Johnson at Oakalla Prison Farm and Haney Correctional Institution. The most significant progress in this direction has been that of the appointment of a full-time dental technician at Haney Correctional Institution for the making of dentures. Such a service is required at Oakalla Prison Farm. There are many inmates there who are indigent, and lack of dentures seriously handicaps their health and rehabilitation. "As far as research is concerned, we are actively engaged in the hospital at Oakalla Prison Farm with a project associated with the content and volume of human blood under the direction of Dr. K. A. Evelyn, Director of the Strong Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia. Dr. Evelyn and his staff are always welcome in our hospital, and contribute a valued link between prison medical services and higher branches of learning in medical science. " In conclusion, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation of the services rendered by Dr. Ulrich Zimmerman and Mr. John MacLeod, Senior Hospital Officer, Oakalla Prison Farm; Mr. Leo Boechler, Senior Hospital Officer at Haney Correctional Institution; Mrs. I. Passey, Supervising Nurse at Oakalla Prison Farm; and all their staff for the very great help and co-operation which they have exercised, not only enabling us to keep pace with standard medical requirements, but, we hope, in progressing beyond these." 2. The Warden of Prince George Gaol reports as follows:— " Quarterly medical inspections of the institution were carried out by the gaol physician, who also visited the institution weekly to examine newly admitted inmates and deal with the sick parade. Population growth has placed an increased work load on the physician and hospital and reception officer. Arrangements made with the local physicians last year to provide for medical services on a sessional basis may soon have to be revised. When the present plan was agreed upon, our weekly clinical list, including new admissions, averaged approximately 24 inmates. " Housekeeping standards remained high. Living Unit inspections were carried out twice daily. Inspections of the entire institution were carried out by the Warden, and special Living Unit inspections were made by an executive officer each Saturday morning. " Local Social Welfare Branch officials continued to give full co-operation and assistance with inmate problems referred by the administration. " Nine criminal legal-aid applications were referred to the Cariboo Bar Association, which provided invaluable assistance in several worthy cases. One young man was aided in gaining acquittal of a manslaughter charge as a result of this fine service. " Under the supervision of the training officer, an exhibit of inmates' handicrafts was again shown at the Prince George and District Fall Fair in September. Many favourable public comments were received by officers attending the exhibit. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 47 Some handicrafts were sold to the public, realizing the amount of $321 for the Inmates' Welfare Fund. This money was expended for the two additional television sets. Each of the larger units housing convicted inmates who are enrolled in programme are now provided with television." 3. The Warden of Kamloops Provincial Gaol reports as follows:— " The general health of the inmate population was satisfactory, though more cases of serious illnesses were encountered in the past year than in any one previous year. Six males and two females required hospitalization. The times varied from two or three days till about a month in the longest case; besides these cases, the usual minor infections and diseases were encountered. If these were serious enough to warrant medical attention, doctors from the Burris Clinic, who serve as gaol physicians, treated them, along with accidents that required medical attention. The normal colds, minor ailments and accidents were handled by the gaol staff at Kamloops and Clearwater Camp. At Clearwater Camp, Guard-Medical Orderly T. Thompson, a qualified first-aid man, supervised treatment and first aid to all injuries and minor ailments. If the cases were serious, the inmate was transferred to Kamloops for treatment by gaol physicians." T 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER VII PAROLE SUPERVISION AND AFTER-CARE GENERAL 1. Staff.—As in the past, we continued to provide one Parole Officer to the British Columbia Parole Board as its secretary. During the year those young-adult offenders serving definite-indeterminate sentences and held at Oakalla Prison Farm were transferred to the Haney Correctional Institution. Only those with medical or psychiatric disabilities were retained at Oakalla Prison Farm. Four Parole Officers are now carrying out follow-up duties from the Haney Correctional Institution and one from Oakalla Prison Farm. The follow-up officer at the Male Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit was on leave of absence this year, and no replacement was made for him at that Unit. The Female Unit continued to have a part-time follow-up officer to assist in discharge plans. 2. British Columbia Borstal Association.—During the year this association supervised 18 cases discharged from New Haven along with 29 parolees released prior to this year whose paroles extended into 1963. This made a total of 47 supervised by the Borstal Association. 3. After-care Associations.—As has been the case in past years, the John Howard Society, Salvation Army, Alcoholism Foundation, Narcotic Addiction Foundation, Legion of Mary, and many other volunteer groups contributed much in the way of assistance to discharged inmates. The National Employment Service continued to interview selected inmates at aU institutions with a view to placing them in employment as soon as possible after release. We are indeed most grateful for the assistance provided by these groups and the National Employment Service. BRITISH COLUMBIA PAROLE SERVICE 4. Parole Board Members.—Early in the year Mr. E. G. B. Stevens resigned as Vice-Chairman of the Parole Board. In spite of the short time that Mr. Stevens served on the Board, he made a definite contribution. Messrs. Eric Kelly, Horace Keetch, and Oscar Orr were appointed during the year, bringing the Board to full strength. 5. Released on Parole.—The Board held 69 meetings during the year at the various institutions. It dealt with 331 cases, with an additional 88 cases being brought up for review. Of this total, the Board released on parole 324 cases—73 from Oakalla Prison Farm, 30 from New Haven, and 221 from the Haney Correctional Institution. 6. Revocations.—Of the 324 cases released on parole, 120 or 37 per cent had their parole revoked. Of this total, 78 or 24 per cent were due to further criminal offences, and 42 or 13 per cent were revoked on the recommendation of their Parole Officer. Thus, from the standpoint of the protection of society, in the sense of no further criminal offences, parole was successful in 76 per cent of the cases released. As has been pointed out in the past, the population of inmates sentenced to a definite plus indeterminate term are generally a young and unpredictable group. They present a problem in terms of accurate selection for parole. In view of this, it is expected that a certain percentage will be revoked while on parole. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 49 Comparative Statement of Releases on Parole and Revocations, British Columbia Parole Board, 1960, 1961, and 1962 Westgate, Oakalla Prison Farm New Haven Haney Correctional Institution Totals 1960 1961 1962 1960 1 1961 1 1962 1960 1961 1962 1960 1961 1962 Released on parole- Revocations Percentage of revocations 76 53 70 73 29 40 73 35 49 35 11 31 25 2 12.5 30 9 30 242 92 38 282 88 31 221 76 34 353 156 44 380 119 31 324 120 37 Number of Times Released on Parole, 1962 1st Time 2nd Time 3rd Time 4th Time Total 266 98 37 48 15 31 8 6 75 2 1 50 324 120 37 7. Day Parole.—Four day paroles were granted by the Board—three to cases at New Haven and one to a trainee at the Haney Correctional Institution. The four trainees went out to seek employment in the community during the day, returning to the institution at night. All were successful in their endeavours and were eventually released on full parole. 8. Release Procedures.—From time to time parole procedures, while generally workable, have produced problems with contingent complications. For example, the trainee approved for release when suitable employment is found occasionally is unable to find employment and is therefore detained in custody. Also, many inmates have looked upon the end of their definite sentence as the time when they should be released on parole. As a result, they have been concerned with the time served, rather than developing in terms of readiness to live in the community. Those released in this frame of mind often fail. To overcome these problems, a new release procedure was established, under which trainees whose definite time expires between the 16th day of one month and the 15th day of the next month will be considered for parole during the first month. If approved, they are then given pre-release training during the second month in a camp setting with a programme designed to prepare them for the community. Following this compulsory one-month pre-release training, they then become eligible for release any time during the next month when a satisfactory release plan has been established. However, release must be accomplished on the last week of this latter month whether or not a satisfactory release plan has been arranged. This then avoids trainees being held in an institution simply because they are unable to find employment. 9. Average Length of Time Served.—It is interesting to note that since 1959 the average length of the institutional training period for definite-indeterminate cases has increased from 8 months to nearly 12 months. This, it is felt, is a reflection not only of the increased demands made by the Parole Board before granting parole, but of the increased severity of the problems presented by the young offender committed to an institution. This figure is also of concern to us in terms of the length of sentence handed down. In order to provide the trainee with an adequate period of training, a minimum of one year in the institution and a year on parole is desirable. T 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD 10. Inmates serving a straight definite sentence have continued to apply to the National Parole Board for consideration for release. Of all those who applied, 214 were released on parole, many being placed under the supervision of our Probation Officers. Of that number, only 9 paroles were revoked during the year, which is an extremely high success rate. However, this must be viewed in the light of the much higher age range of this group and the greater discrimination shown in selection. 11. Day Parole.—The National Parole Board granted 16 day paroles during the year—3 to New Haven, 1 to the Haney Correctional Institution, 1 to a male inmate at Oakalla Prison Farm, and the remaining 11 to female inmates in the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit of the Women's Gaol. All the male cases were successful in completing their day parole. Of the 11 female addicts released under the provisions of this day parole, 2 were revoked. In view of the fact that these females were all drug addicts, this is evidence that day parole can be used to good effect with this type of prisoner. GROUP COUNSELLING 12. The John Howard Society in Prince George has, with the co-operation of the Warden of the gaol and the encouragement of the Magistrate, developed aftercare group counselling sessions in that city. A group of discharged prisoners meet once a week with a representative of the John Howard Society and the Probation Officer at a meeting-place in the city. They are joined by one or two inmates who are taken under escort from the gaol and carry on a group counselling session similar to that which they experienced while serving then sentences. This is the first instance of the use of group counselling on a after-care basis, and developments to date have been most encouraging. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 51 CHAPTER VIII BRITISH COLUMBIA PROBATION SERVICE GENERAL 1. Probation Cases.—During the year 1,701 new cases were placed on probation, an increase over the previous year of 210. During the year 37.7 per cent of the new probation cases came from Magistrates and other Adult Courts. By contrast, in 1957 this percentage was 25.7. It is believed this increase in Adult Court referrals can be attributed to the slowly evolving philosophy that probation is a method of treatment which can help people rather than just an alternative to incarceration. 2. Pre-sentence Reports.—A substantial increase in the number of presentence reports prepared for the Courts in cases where some disposition other than probation was made is indicated in the appended statistics. The actual increase over the previous year amounted to 126, for a total of 2,115 during the year under review. It will be noted the number of pre-sentence reports far exceeds the number of new probation cases. As pointed out in previous Reports, it is believed there is an increasing desire on the part of Magistrates and Judges to ascertain all relevant information about an offender before sentence is imposed, so that the sentence, when imposed, may protect society and at the same time further the rehabilitation of the offender. 3. Case Loads.—As at March 31, 1963, there were 1,630 individuals under probation supervision. With 39 officers giving actual supervision, the average case load was 41.8 per officer. Bearing in mind the number of pre-sentence reports prepared—an average of 54 per officer—as well as miscellaneous referrals and parole supervision cases, each officer of the Service was kept exceedingly busy during the year. 4. Field Offices.—Two new field offices were opened during the year—one at Duncan and the other at Sechelt. The new office at Duncan has taken some of the load from the Nanaimo office, from which this area was previously served. The office at Sechelt provides services to the Courts on the Sechelt Peninsula, which were previously without probation services. 5. Juveniles.—Approximately 62 per cent of the 1,701 new probation cases dealt with were juveniles appearing in Juvenile Courts. During the year also, there were some 80 voluntary cases, mainly juveniles refererd to Probation Officers by police, parents, and school-teachers concerned about the behaviour of these children and fearful that if their mode of behaviour continued they might be formally brought before a Juvenile Court. Adequate treatment and training for juveniles is imperative if we are to stop the flow at a later date into our adult institutions. More diversified facilities are necessary for them, for in too many instances the Juvenile Court Judge must choose between care in the child's own home or committal to an industrial school. Attention is drawn to the total of 182 cases transferred from Juvenile Court to Magistrate's Court under section 9 of the Juvenile Delinquents Act. Probation Officers stated in many cases that the transfers to Adult Court were initiated because of the overcrowded industrial schools, feeling they would have a better training opportunity in a young-adult offender institution. T 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA NEW DEVELOPMENTS 6. Staff Recruitment.—-During the early part of the year the recruitment of new staff became imperative. A very large number of potential candidates for appointment were interviewed and screened. A basic training course was started on the 18th day of June, 1962, for four new staff members. Shortly after the inception of the course a fifth person was added at the request of a Municipal Family and Juvenile Court. 7. Regional Development.—Early in the year it became apparent that more effective contact with Probation Officers in field offices could be maintained if the Province were divided into regions with a Grade 3 Probation Officer located in each region. The Okanagan and Kootenay areas logically formed a region, and our Grade 3 officer, Mr. John Wiebe, worked out of our Penticton office. Other regions established were Vancouver Island, Greater Vancouver, the Fraser Valley, and the northern part of the Province. On May 15th Mr. A. A. Byman was promoted to Grade 3 Probation Officer for the Greater Vancouver region, and on March 1st Mr. A. E. Jones was similarly promoted to give special attention to the Vancouver Island region. Quarterly meetings are held with the Grade 3 Probation Officers from each region, and these meetings assist head office to keep abreast with developments and needs in the individual regions. 8. School of Social Work Field Placement Unit.—In September Mr. D. Guest resigned from the staff to accept an appointment with the School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, as student field-work supervisor for students doing their field work in a correctional setting. Arrangements were made between the School of Social Work and the Director of Corrections whereby office facilities were made available at New Haven, and with the co-operation of the Probation Officer for Burnaby the students took over certain cases referred from the Burnaby Courts. In this setting, under the direct and intensive supervision of Mr. Guest, who was given a special appointment as a Probation Officer, the School of Social Work students were able to gain first-hand knowledge of the responsibilities of a Probation Officer's job while at the same time putting into practice the theoretical concepts gained in their formal lecture sessions. This programme will continue until April, 1963. 9. Group Counselling with Probationers.—In February, 1963, a pilot experiment in group counselling for probationers was initiated in both the Vancouver and North Vancouver offices. The Vancouver group, consisting of about 10 probationers under the leadership of Mr. J. M. Armstrong, began meeting one evening per week. It was decided that attendance at the group counselling sessions should be compulsory, and a small number were returned to the Courts as unsatisfactory probationers because of non-attendance at the sessions. During the beginning sessions the group was given an explanation of what should be achieved at the meetings. Once the group meetings were under way, the leader adopted a non-directive approach, leaving responsibility to the group for the conduct of the meeting. The participants in the North Vancouver group, under the leadership of Mr. Thorvaldson, were generally younger than the Vancouver group, and it has taken a longer time for this group to settle down. Group meetings were unavoidably interrupted shortly after the group started because of the illness of Mr. Thorvaldson. A weekly " post-mortem " session, under the chairmanship of Dr. Matheson, has been held regularly to discuss the dynamics displayed in each session and to help the group leaders to better understand their role and find solutions to new problems as they appear. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 53 It is too soon to evaluate objectively this pilot experiment, but evidence of tension and crisis can be noted in the participants. If proved to be effective, this technique may provide a means whereby some Probation Officers can handle larger case loads efficiently. EVALUATION STUDY OF PROBATION CASES 10. During the year an evaluation study of probation cases was carried out. The study covered the period from April 1, 1956, to March 31, 1962. During this six-year period 8,800 persons were placed on probation. These individuals were juveniles and adults, males and females. From this population an unstratified sample of 880 cases was selected, which gave results significant to the 5-per-cent level. The follow-up study showed that of the sample population 88.6 per cent successfully completed then period of probation and 82 per cent were not sentenced to an institution in British Columbia during the six-year follow-up period. PROBATION SERVICE FIELD OFFICES Vancouver: Room 205, 1075 Melville Street, Vancouver 5, B.C. Abbotsford: P.O. Box 444, Courthouse, Abbotsford, B.C. Burnaby: 7272 Kingsway, Burnaby 1, B.C. Chilliwack: Room 75, Courthouse, 77 College Street, Chilliwack, B.C. Courtenay: P.O. Box 1017, Courthouse, Courtenay, B.C. Cloverdale: The Family and Children's Court, Clover- dale, B.C. Cranbrook: P.O. Box 699, Courthouse, Cranbrook, B.C. Dawson Creek: 10300b—10th Street, Dawson Creek, B.C. Duncan: 261 Canada Avenue, Duncan, B.C. Haney: Room 4, 22336 Lougheed Highway, Mide Block, Haney, B.C. Kamloops: Room 211, 523 Columbia Street, Kamloops, B.C. Kelowna: 350 Doyle Avenue, Kelowna, B.C. Nanaimo: Room 105, Courthouse, Nanaimo, B.C. Nelson: Room 2, Courthouse, Nelson, B.C. New Westminster: Room 618, 713 Columbia Street, New Westminster, B.C. North Vancouver: 8 Charles Block, 117 East 15th Street, North Vancouver, B.C. Penticton: Room 4, 284 Main Street, Penticton, B.C. Port Alberni: 400 Argyle Street, Port Alberni, B.C. Prince George: Courthouse, Prince George, B.C. Prince Rupert: Room 209, Courthouse, Prince Rupert, B.C. Sechelt: Box 387, Sechelt, B.C. Trail: 815 Victoria Street, Trail, B.C. Vernon: Courthouse, Vernon, B.C. Victoria: Room 104, Law Courts Building, Victoria, B.C. The Family and Children's Court, 1947 Cook Street, Victoria, B.C. Williams Lake: Speers Building, 72 Second Avenue, Williams Lake, B.C. T 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL PROBATION SERVICE STATISTICS Year New Probation Cases New Follow-up Cases Presentence Reports Total Cases Miscellaneous 1942/43.. 1945/46.. 1948/49.. 1951/52.. 1954/55.. 1957/58- 1959/60.. 1960/61.. 1961/62- 1962/63.. Totals since inception 63 105 276 591 831 1,431 1,593 1,745 1,491 1,701 15,841 24 50 36 33 151 395 489 448 491 408 3,881 49 84 262 472 892 1,602 1,896 2,255 1,989 2,115 17,825 136 239 574 1,096 1,874 3,428 3,978 4,448 3,971 4,224 37,547 74 238 80 95 93 94 81 1,674 New Probation Cases Year Under 20 Years 20-25 Years Over 25 Years Probationers Married Single Total 1951/52—. 1954/55 1957/58. 1959/60... 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63- 496 710 1,193 1,302 1,371 1,152 1,323 49 65 124 131 178 158 174 46 56 114 160 196 181 204 40 58 120 168 194 177 219 551 773 1,311 1,425 1,551 1,314 1,482 591 831 1,431 1,593 1,745 1,491 1,701 New Follow-up Cases Year Under 20 Years 20-25 Years Over 25 Years Follow-up Cases Married Single Total 1951/52 - . 22 107 234 267 247 310 245 11 41 159 206 195 167 150 3 2 16 6 14 13 3 8 14 26 17 22 35 30 33 1954/55 - 1957/58 143 151 381 395 1959/60 463 ! 489 1960/61 1961/62 431 448 469 491 1962/63 ," 373 408 1962/63: Number transferred from Juvenile Court to Magistrate's Court under section 9 of Juvenile Delinquents Act, 188. 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Accommodation and Population of Correctional Institutions Accommodation Establishment Cells Other Total Men Women Men Women Men Women Oakalla Prison Farm— 740 100 16 94 1113 218 1180 M 304 130 40 29 60 3 16 10 4 958 180 11 404 130 40 45 60 97 Women's Gaol - 113 16 N.D T. units 10 Haney Correctional Institution— Kamloops— 4 Population Establishment Daily Average Population Greatest Number Least Number Men Women Men Women Men Women pakalla Prison Farm— 1,087 124 1,259 250 10 409 14H 42 56 69 126 159 20 13 4 946 150 7 339 101 33 30 49 85 84 190 j 9 9 8 374 | 1112 ] 37.8 | I 45.2 j 2.1 58.8 | 107.2 5 N.D.T. units Haney Correctional Institution-— 5 Kamloops—■ Forestry Camp __ - 3. Sex 1961/62 1962/63 Increase or Decrease 13,146 1 mi* 13,559 1 _7«5 +413 +213 Totals 14,218 14,844 +626 4. Educational Status Illiterate Elementary... High school- College or university- Totals 808 8,844 4,374 192 865 I 9,159 ! 4,635 I 185 +57 + 315 +2«1 —T 14,218 14,844 I +626 T 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA 5. Nationality (Place of Birth) 1961/62 1962/63 Increase or Decrease British- 12,299 368 364 12,984 432 369 +685 +64 +5 13,031 13,785 +754 Foreign— 246 867 51 23 216 810 24 9 30 —57 27 14 Totals 1,187 1,059 — 128 14,218 14,844 + 626 : ■ 6. Racial White .... 11,332 93 2,706 61 26 11,539 113 3,124 55 13 +207 +20 +418 —6 — 13 Mongolian Others .. 14,218 14,844 +626 7. Civil State Single Married Widowed - Separated- Divorced—. Totals. 8,858 2,175 441 2,127 617 14,218 9,081 2,515 475 2,155 618 14,844 +223 +340 +34 +28 + 1 +626 8. Ages 18 years and under.. 19-21 years 21-25 26-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 Over 60 years Totals _ 592 1,246 1,231 1,846 3,603 3,115 1,825 760 14,218 629 1,191 1,433 1,884 3,783 3,135 1,931 858 14,844 +37 -55 +202 +38 + 180 +20 + 106 +98 +626 9. Habits as to Use of Alcohol Abstainers Temperate Intemperate Totals.. 579 2,776 10,863 14,218 578 2,608 11,658 14,844 — 1 — 168 +795 +626 10. Habits as to Use of Narcotics 13,373 85 760 13,743 120 981 + 370 +35 4-221 Totals - - 14,218 14,844 +626 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 11. Creeds (on Admission) T 59 1961/62 1962/63 Increase or Decrease 6,860 2,765 1,073 1,472 447 720 86 95 111 21 12 168 36 352 7,080 2,997 1,157 1,578 391 704 73 61 127 20 16 182 33 425 +220 +232 +84 + 106 —56 — 16 Greek Catholic — 13 —34 Doukhobor _ + 16 — 1 RiirMh ist +4 Others + 14 —3 +73 Totals 14,218 14,844 +626 12. Duration of Sentence Under 1 month „ 8,234 1,486 942 788 664 289 142 323 254 64 4 299 26 470 33 195 1 4 8,320 1,746 1,081 959 684 213 115 377 421 18 2 188 31 381 21 287 +86 +260 2 months and under 3 months + 139 + 171 +20 —76 —27 +54 + 167 —46 —2 Probation — 111 +5 —89 — 12 +92 — 1 Others —4 Totals 14,218 14,844 +626 13. Previous Convictions 3,706 1,814 1,204 817 591 433 363 394 323 262 275 223 221 187 180 176 147 133 124 151 248 614 556 342 264 470 3,963 1,790 1,162 786 617 558 464 376 361 302 291 246 217 180 218 178 154 157 132 99 189 814 547 339 184 520 +257 1 . —24 2 . —42 3 4 _ —31 +26 5 + 125 6 - . + 101 7 — 18 8 +38 9 +40 10 +16 11 +23 12. - —4 13 —7 14 + 38 15 16 +2 +7 17 +24 18 _ - - 19 +8 —52 20 —59 21-30 31-40 +200 —9 41-50 .- _ — 3 51-60. • —80 Over 60 - +50 Totals 14,218 14,844 +626 T 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA 14. Offences for Which Prisoners Were Committed and Sentenced during the Year Committed Male Female Total Sentenced Male Female Total (a) Crimes against the Person Abduction _ Abortion s Assault, common Assault, felonious Attempted suicide Bodily harm _ Shooting with intent Manslaughter... _ Murder Carnal knowledge Rape and assault with intent to rape Criminal negligence Seduction Totals (6) Crimes against Property Arson and incendiarism Breaking and entering Robbery Forgery Fraud __■- False pretences Conspiracy Possessing housebreaking instruments — Uttering Taking auto without owner's consent Receiving stolen goods Trespass Mischief (damage property)— — - Theft- Over $50 . Under $50 By conversion . Totals (c) Crimes against Public Morals and Decency Bigamy - Indecent assault Indecent exposure — — Gross indecency Incest Keeper of a bawdy-house- Juvenile delinquency Perjury Prostitution Buggery- Preventive detention.. Totals _. (d) Crimes against Public Order and Peace Breaches of Government Liquor Act Breaches of Excise Act- Breaches of Narcotic and Drug Act Breaches of by-laws (not including B.L.C.A.).. Breaches of Motor-vehicle Act , Possessing offensive weapon Breach of recognizance.— Escaping- Failing to stop at scene of accident- Impaired driving Obstructing an officer- Selling or giving liquor to Indians (not including B.C.L.A.) . Unlawful shooting— Vagrancy- Causing disturbance- Totals (e) Other Offences Not Enumerated Above Other offenders 2 204 151 2 40 4 9 31 5 21 7 476 50 752 111 116 84 297 55 13 6 28 327 80 28 486 860 3 3,296 3 30 7 2 86 152 6,743 1 156 95 417 38 9 13 11 665 41 290 3 430 205 9,117 522 Grand totals of (a), (b), (c), (rf), and (e) 13,563 2 212 151 2 49 4 9 35 5 21 7 6 4 229 165 4 38 5 9 21 I 4 I 13 I 10 i 1 I 21 I 497 509 I 12 j 23 7 13 14 5 16 33 60 73 759 124 130 89 313 55 13 8 29 332 83 36 519 920 3 190 | 3,486 11 3 1 32 3 30 19 8 7 2 89 1 32 6 2 199 761 29 91 1 9 4 5 6 18 2 17 19 25 7,504 30 247 96 426 42 14 19 11 683 43 307 3 449 230 987 10,104 36 558 I 4,507 6,797 4 193 202 699 50 9 17 27 691 49 291 12 434 238 9,713 674 53 976 I 207 | 259 137 605 77 I 43 i 10 36 372 84 47 587 1,007 7 202 15 3 9 7 3 10 138 758 29 64 1 9 2 5 4 18 17 14 25 6 4 233 165 4. 46 . 5 9 21 4 13 10 1 521 68 979 216 266 140 615 77 43 11 37 377 87 53 25 t 612 50 | 1,057 - 1 t .7- 4,645 3 3 42 42 18 ii 29 7 7 13 13 1 1 110 3 113 2 2 27 27 4 4 2 2 41 I 243 7,555 33 257 203 708 52 14 21 27 709 49 308 12 448 261 946 | 10,659 31 705 1,281 I 14,844 15,605 ] 1,168 | 16,773 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 15. Employment of Prisoners—Daily Average Population T 61 Haney Oakalla Prison Farm Correctional Kami raps Institution New Haven Prince George Main Prison Women's Prison Camps Drug Huts Main Inst. Camps Main Bldg. Camp 1. Manufacturing 91 1 36 3 1 2 10 3. Vocational training... 24 17 11 139 20 38 — 4. Mechanical service.. 18 8 5 2 5. Farming 44 7 — 9 14 6. Forestry 163 — 39 4 18 17 7. Domestic services— Sewing and mend ing- 31 1 2 2 Cleaners 111 2 19 6 3 2 Labourers 154 93 23 .... 8 23 21 Gardeners 15 3 Culinary-workers... 51 8 1 1 42 12 4 7 13 Clerks 9 14 — :_.-■ ■ Hospital orderlies 3 — 4 Stokers 5 4 Laundry-workers.. 44 11 . 1 15 — — 1 2 11 31 39 15 : 5 2 2 14 456 18 15 1 1 1 20 10. Outside employment — — — 11 — — 14 — 16. Number of Officers and Employees on March 31, 1963 Oakalla Prison Farm Haney Correctional Institution New Haven Kamloops Prince George Main Prison Women's Prison Camps Drug Huts Main Inst. Camps Main Bldg. Camp Wardens 1 1 1 4 7 11 .... 77 3 2 1 5 1 "i 48 1 4 - 1 — 1 1 1 1 6 15 39 71 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 10 10 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 12 1 12 1 1 Chief Matron Custodial 1 Assistant Deputy War- Senior Correctional Offi- 5 Senior Prison Guards Senior Matrons Matrons 20 5 Training Assistant Deputy War- 1 Chaplains Classification Officer Supervisor of Academic 2 Supervisor of Social Ed- Supervisor of Vocation- Arts and Crafts Instructors T 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA 16. Number of Officers and Employees on March 31, 1963—Continued Oakalla Prison Farm Main Prison Women's Prison Camps Drug Huts Haney Correctional Institution Main Inst. Camps New Haven Kamloops Main Bldg. Prince I George Camp Training—Continued -Instructors, Academic Instructors, Vocational- Social Workers — Rehabilitation Officers... Librarians Counsellors — Programme Officers Tradesmen — — Guards - — Supervisors Matrons — Guards — Clerk— Consultant, Recreational Maintenance Business Managers-Bursars Foremen of Works Chief Engineers— Assistant Chief Engineers Chief Stewards Dietician Assistant Chief Stewards Chief, Mechanical Maintenance Foreman of Plate-shop Foremen Electricians Laundry Managers —„ Accountants Clerks— - Storekeepers Tool Control Officers Engineers - Tradesmen . Senior Prison Guards Guards. Stenographers Carpenter Foremen- Overseers.. Mechanics, Heavy Duty- Stores Driver - P.B.X. Operators Grounds Officer Medical Doctor — - Dentist - — Psychologists - — Senior Prison Hospital Officers .'- Technicians Hospital Officers _ Psychiatrist Nurses— — General Hospital Guards Doukhobor Guards Holiday relief — Trailer Camp Guards Gymnasium Dormitory Guards 17 32 10 5 2 43 2 5 9 3 17 5 1 1 2 1 1 3 12 12 6 28 12 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 31 2 2 — ~2 2 15 1 8 -- 1 -- 3 — 2 1 1 — — — — 1 1 — 1 1 1 — 1 1 12 ~ 6 — — 2 10 .— 9 1 — — 2 4 1 — 1 1 — — 2 1 1 1 __ 1 6 I — 22 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1962/63 T 63 a rt Q Z w < w >■ mi o Hi rt 3 5 H Q Z rt w Q Z < rt a z rt > w Pi § H z a 2 rt I P.0 SI o rt oo •si Si CO co m ov cn (N©r-rHTtrH^Ho»nr-'n©ooinrHinTt-Hr-vovocNrno TtOO^CSCJSDTtrHC^cnOVOOr^cn^rHcrjr^TtCSOOTt© vdTtrHinOcNrnor^vDcnosoocNcn»n'socNOs©ova\CNo — ■rHTt>nOsr-oocNr-incNoooooomcnrHino©ososCN© ©vo^Ttoo^oo^m ©^^^^^^cNOOvr^inr^TtcncN OV Cn rH CO*" © O CN CN rH OS cn Tt oT 00 *J OO cn rH 00 CN ^ rH ©cNOsr-vo r-ooTtcn tn ca ca tn Ttos i H CO O l_ - ©cNost-vo r-ooTtcn m cn Mr. r- rH -t VOQO t-OH ©' o' in cn oo cn Ov © •<* oo"r-^ rH 00 o r- so 00 in Tt r-^cN >-. 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Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1964 360-164-3048
Legislative proceedings
J110.L5 S7
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Victoria, BC : Government Printer
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Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia
Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1963
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