@prefix ns0: . @prefix edm: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dc: . @prefix skos: . ns0:identifierAIP "54f1be80-62f6-4fe9-83d6-8d56da2c5f6c"@en ; edm:dataProvider "CONTENTdm"@en ; dcterms:alternative "REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959"@en ; dcterms:isReferencedBy "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en ; dcterms:isPartOf "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:creator "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en ; dcterms:issued "2017-09-07"@en, "[1961]"@en ; edm:aggregatedCHO "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0355803/source.json"@en ; dcterms:extent "Foldout Map: Figure 2 SURFACE GEOLOGY JESSIE ORE ZONE HARRIET HARBOUR; Foldout Map: Figure 6 GEOLOGY OF PART OF LODESTONE MOUNTAIN; Foldout Map: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE MINERAL KING AREA Figure 9; Foldout Map: Figure 13 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF PART OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN TRENCH"@en ; dc:format "application/pdf"@en ; skos:note """ General Review Lode Metals Page 3 CONTENTS Notes on Metal Mines..... 6 Alsek River. 6 Telegraph Creek 6 Unuk River 7 Portland Canal 7 Alice Arm 8 Observatory Inlet 10 Moresby Island 11 Kitimat 15 Kitsumkalum Lake... . 15 Usk 15 Smithers 17 Babine Lake 18 Omineca. 18 Kechika River 18 Alaska Highway 19 McLeod Lake 22 Upper Fraser River . 22 Cariboo 22 Williams Lake 23 Lac la Hache 24 Clinton. ... 25 Lillooet 25 Highland Valley 29 Merritt 31 Swakum Mountain 36 Meadow Creek . 38 Cherry Creek . 38 Kamloops 39 Birch Island 39 Tulameen . . 39 Similkameen River. ... 53 Hedley 55 Keremeos 56 2 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued page Fairview Camp 56 Camp McKinney 56 Beaverdell 57 Greenwood 58 Phoenix 58 Rossland 60 Trail 60 Nelson 61 Ymir 61 Salmo 61 Nelway 63 North Kootenay Lake 64 Woodbury Creek 67 Paddy Peak 67 Retallack-Three Forks 67 Sandon 68 Slocan Lake 69 North Lardeau 70 South Lardeau 71 Creston 73 Kimberley 73 Skookumchuck 74 Windermere . 74 Big Bend of Columbia River 90 McCulloch Creek 105 Revelstoke. 106 Sicamous 119 Manning Park 119 Skagit River 122 Hope 124 North Vancouver 127 Howe Sound 127 Lang Bay 127 Malaspina Inlet 130 Texada Island 130 Lasqueti Island 131 Menzies Bay 131 Vancouver Island 132 Reports on Geological, Geophysical, and Geochemical Work 142 GENERAL REVIEW The average price of copper in Canadian funds for 1959 was substantially better than the 1958 price. The average Canadian prices for silver and zinc were fractionally up and those for gold and lead were fractionally down. The prices were not aided by the fact that the average discount on United States funds was 4.09 per cent, the second highest in recent history. The United States price for copper showed a variation in the year between a low of 26 cents per pound in July and a high of 31.581 at the end of the year. The average United States price was 28.891 cents per pound, an increase of 4.769 cents above 1958. The average New York price for lead was just below that of 1958, a new post-war record low. The average East St. Louis price for zinc was more than 1 cent per pound better than in 1958. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc produced at British Columbia lode mines in 1959 had a value of $93,442,599. Miscellaneous metals, including iron ore, nickel, tin, and minor metals recovered at the Trail smelter, had a value of $11,424,134. The total quantity of ore mined at all lode mines amounted to 6,990,985 tons and came from sixty mines, of which forty-four produced 100 tons or more. The average number employed in the lode-mining industry in 1959, including mines, concentrators, and smelters, was 7,324. In 1959, twenty-six mills were operated, fourteen throughout the year and four on a temporary or intermittent basis. One major mill closed, three reopened, and four operated for the first time. Of the intermittent operations, mills at Ainsworth and Sandon accepted custom ore. The Toric mill was shut down when the silver- bearing orebodies were exhausted after ten and a half years of operation. The new mills included a small plant on the Golconda molybdenum-copper property, a 1,000-tons-per-day mill at Phoenix, and two new iron-ore concentrators on Vancouver Island. Britannia, Pride of Emory (Giant Nickel), and Mother Lode (Woodgreen) mills reopened after various degrees of reorganization. The Trail smelter recorded custom receipts of 3,871 tons of ore from twenty- three properties, 3,026 tons of which obtained a silica bonus in excess of the treatment charge. The smelter also recorded custom receipts of 3,944 tons of lead concentrates and 16,417 tons of zinc concentrates. Totals of approximately 35,296 tons of lead concentrates and approximately 56,103 tons of zinc concentrates were shipped out of the country for smelting. Copper concentrates were shipped to the Tacoma smelter, with the exception of the output from Cowichan Copper and the copper concentrates recovered by Texada Mines Ltd., which went to Japan. Nickel concentrates went to the Fort Saskatchewan refinery. All iron-ore concentrates, amounting to 849,248 tons, went to Japan. The production of gold was little different from that in 1958, being slightly down. Bralorne and Pioneer amalgamated as Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited, although they continued to operate as two separate mines. The chief apparent result of the merger was a heightened attention to exploration and a start at providing a better system of ventilation of the lower levels at Bralorne. A moderate amount of interest was shown in gold prospects in various parts, stimulated in some instances by the bonus paid for siliceous ore at the Trail smelter. A shipment of high-grade ore from the Silbak Premier by lessee Tom McQuillan created interest, even though it came from an old surface working. The original Cariboo Gold Quartz mine was abandoned in September, after twenty-six years of continuous operation. The future for the company now appears to lie in the ground north of the Aurum mine area. With the closing of the Toric the Province lost its largest and one of its few remaining mines that operated primarily for the silver content of its ore. After 4 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 recording the loss of silver producers in the past few years, it is heartening to note that although the Highland-Bell has abandoned the original upper mine, which had approximately forty-five years of profitable operation, it is opening new horizons in the lower mine, which is in a faulted segment of the upper ore zone. The production of copper improved very considerably from the record low reached in 1958. Britannia resumed milling in February, 1959, following a reorganization, after having been closed for nearly a year. A reorganized Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited resumed operations after a shut-down of more than a year. Phoenix Copper Company Limited, a Granby subsidiary, commenced an open-pit operation on ground left by Granby in 1919. Copper was produced as a by-product of nickel-mining at the Giant Nickel operation. In the development field, Bethlehem and Craigmont came a step nearer to production. At the former property the 4600 exploratory adit was completed and a considerable amount of diamond drilling was done underground. At Craigmont the ore zone was outlined on the 3500 level and a second adit was driven, at the 3000 level. Exploration for copper continued in the general copper-bearing belt that extends from near Ashcroft to Copper Mountain. A great deal of money has been spent in this region in the last five years, during which time staking was done and scientific prospecting was carried on at a scale never before experienced in British Columbia. In 1959 it became obvious that the continuing cost of exploration was becoming too high for some companies. The potential of the copper belt is by no means exhausted, but the pace of exploration has slowed somewhat. It is interesting to note that an airborne magnetometer and EM survey was made of the old Greenwood-Phoenix camp. Results of this survey were not available at the end of 1959. The production of lead and zinc was about normal, with little change in the rate of output of the major producers. In the Slocan district activity was reduced, and Western Exploration Company Limited, which had been doing development work on the Mammoth, suspended operations. Exploration was rather limited, but work by Consolidated on Duncan Lake has demonstrated the existence of a substantial tonnage. This property, for some years named the J.G., has received attention for more than thirty years, most development work having been done since 1951. Recently the application of geological knowledge has led finally to the recognition of important quantities of ore in this part of the Kootenay arc, and underground work was started. The deposits of magnetic iron ore in the coastal regions assumed greater importance than ever before. Two new producers, the Nimpkish and Hualpai mines on Vancouver Island, doubled the number of mines shipping concentrated iron ore to Japan. Exploratory work was done on two properties on Vancouver Island, one near Vancouver, and one near Kitimat. A deposit on Moresby Island was being developed for production. The annual value of production has passed the 5-million- dollar mark and is destined to increase. Some surface exploration was done on the magnetite-bearing peridotite near Tulameen, and the Department of Mines made a geological field study of the occurrence. A more than usual amount of attention was directed to molybdenite. Exploratory work at the Boss Mountain property on Takomkane Mountain was continued, some additional work was done at Glacier Gulch near Smithers, and other deposits were investigated at Usk, near Telesraph Creek, and near Alice Arm. In mining practice, one of the largest underground blasts in the world was set off in the Sullivan mine. Fifty-seven tons of powder was used to break 1,060,000 LODE METALS 5 tons of ore in one of the mine's largest pillars. Production from the pillar at an initial rate of 3,000 tons per day began two days after the blast. The ore was drawn through 105 drawholes to eight slusher-drifts. At Bralorne the high temperatures encountered at depth during the past few years have necessitated the installation of a new ventilation system. To this end, an entirely new raise 12 feet in diameter and 3,000 feet long was driven between the surface and No. 25 level. The raise will deliver cool air directly to the lower levels and was almost completed at the end of 1959. In the summer of 1959 an airborne magnetometer survey was made by the Department of Mines of a part of Moresby Island. Maps resulting from this survey were made available to the public early in 1960. The results of two seasons' field work were compiled as an interim map with accompanying notes and were issued in April, 1960, as " Preliminary Geological Map, Southern Queen Charlotte Islands." Field work in the area is continuing. 6 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 NOTES ON METAL MINES ALSEK RIVER* During the past two seasons, Frobisher Limited has had a prospecting party working west of the Haines Road in the vicinity of the Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers. In the summer of 1959 the party was serviced with a Hiller 12e helicopter and a pontoon-equipped Super Cub. A large number of mineral occurrences have been found and two mineral deposits have been located. A gypsum deposit of large size and high quality was located near the head of the O'Connor River about 10 miles west of the Haines Road. A large replacement in greenstone consisting of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite and held as the Windy and Craggy groups was located about 20 miles north of the junction of the Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers. TELEGRAPH CREEK* Information released by the Chief Geologist of the Geological Survey of Canada on January 15th, 1959, in Information Circular No. 2, Field Work, 1958, led to the location in northern British Columbia in late January, 1959, of nearly 200 mineral claims by five major exploration companies and several individuals. Some of the claims were located 2 miles west of the north end of Chutine Lake, in the northern Coast Mountains, over a reported occurrence of molybdenite. The others were near Tachilta Lakes at the head of Tuya River, over a serpentine area reported to contain chrysotile asbestos to a maximum length of 1V4 inches. The molybdenite occurrence near Chutine Lake was located by Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited and was examined by them, but was not further investigated. The serpentine area was examined carefully when the ground was free of snow, and the consensus of opinion is that the Tachilta Lakes serpentine contains less asbestos fibre than do several other known serpentine bodies that remain unstaked. No surface work was done on any of the Tachilta Lakes groups. Molybdenum (57° 132° N.E.) In June, 1957, Einar Hagen, of Watson Balsom Lake, located eight mineral claims—the Balsom Nos. 1 to 8 —for Conwest Exploration Company Limited to cover a large and very brilliantly coloured gossan exposed on the north side of Barrington River about 10 miles from its head and about 35 miles due west of Telegraph Creek. The claims extend northward, down hill from the top of the ridge at 6,000 feet to the valley at about 3,000 feet. In 1958 the property was under option to American Metal Climax, Inc., and in 1959 to Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited. The rocks exposed in the vicinity of the mineralization are grey slate, green hornblende schists and hornblendites, and hornfelsic sedimentary and volcanic rocks striking about west and dipping steeply northward. The older rocks are intruded by light-coloured syenite which extends for about 3,500 feet along a ridge-top. The syenite extends for 300 feet down the south face of the ridge and about 1,000 feet down the north face, where it is cut off and intruded by porphy- ritic quartz monzonite which forms dykes elsewhere in the vicinity. The syenite is cut by a few narrow dark-greenish fine-grained lamprophyre dykes trending northeastward. Toward its western edge the syenite is crossed by a 500- to 600-foot zone of fracturing striking north 30 degrees east. In this zone the syenite is closely fractured and intensely altered. The fractures are occupied by narrow vuggy quartz * By Stuart S. Holland. LODE METALS 7 veinlets one-eight to one-quarter inch wide, accompanied by pyrite, molybdenite, and hematite mineralization. The rock is highly silicified and pyritized. The pyrite on surface is oxidized and produces a brilliant yellow to red-brown gossan. In places the pyrite appears to have been leached but little or none of the molybdenite. There is no indication of copper. A large number of samples taken by American Metal Climax, Inc., from the altered and mineralized zone indicates that the molybdenum content ranges from 0.01 to 0.09 per cent. Copper (57° 130° S.W.) The Bird Nos. 1 to 4 claims were located Bird in August, 1957, by N. Bird, of Wells, for Silver Standard Mines Limited to cover copper mineralization exposed at 4,500 feet elevation on the ridge between Mess Creek and Schaft Creek and about 7 miles southwest of Mess Lake. In 1959 these claims were under option to Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited, and in August, 1959, forty-two additional claims (Bird Nos. 5 to 46) were located for that company. The copper mineralization is exposed in natural outcrops and in about 3,000 lineal feet of trenching spaced at 100-foot intervals between elevations of 4,000 and 4,500 feet on the top and steep west slope of a north-south ridge. The rocks are grey and brown Permian rhyolitic flows and tuffs cut by northerly striking dykes of dark andesitic porphyry. At the north end the mineralized rhyolite is overlain unconformably by unmineralized volcanic breccia. Mineralization consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and a little molybdenite disseminated through the rock and along joint fractures in the rhyolite and the dark dykes. There is a considerable amount of secondary malachite in the surface exposures and trenches. The trenching done by Silver Standard Mines Limited indicates that the highest grade of surface mineralization, assaying as much as 0.4 per cent copper per ton, lies in an area 500 feet wide and extending 1,000 feet along the ridge. No work has been done to indicate what the grade of the unoxidized mineralization may be. UNUK RIVER* Copper (56° 130° S.E.) Company office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5. L. T. Postle, president. The property is on the south fork of the Leduc glacier, 25 miles northwest of Stewart, at an elevation of 4,500 feet. Work during the 1959 season was carried out by a crew of six men under the direction of G. W. H. Norman. The work consisted of geological mapping at and around the property. Transportation to the property was by aircraft from Stewart. [References: Bacon, W. R., Preliminary Map, Granduc Area, B.C. Dept. of Mines (1956); Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1956, pp. 15-17; 1957, p. 6; 1958, p. 6.] PORTLAND CANAL* Granduc (Granduc Mines, Limited) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc Salmon River (56° 130° S.E.) Silbak Premier Mines Limited Company office, 844 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. A. E. Bryant, president; Hill Starck and Associates, consulting mining engineers. Starting on September 26th, 1959, a small leasing operation was carried on for about six weeks by * By W. C. Robinson. 8 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 a crew of five men headed by T. J. McQuillan. Sixty-two tons of high-grade ore, which had been sorted and cobbed, was shipped to the smelter at Trail. It is reported that the work also involved the construction of one-quarter of a mile of road. American Creek (56°129° S.W.) Copper-Gold This property is near the mouth of American Creek on the Red Cliff west slope of the valley. A number of Crown-granted claims are held by Orofino Mines Ltd. under option from Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited. The property has been described in the 1908 Annual Report, page 56, and the 1909 Annual Report, page 67. Work which began on September 20th and ended on November 2nd was directed by F. L. James. Two men were employed, and it is reported that a tractor, which was under contract, did some road work between American Creek and the lower tunnel. Transportation to the lower tunnel was by truck or jeep. The property was not visited. ALICE ARM* Silver-Lead (55° 129° N.W.) Registered office, 309 Royal Bank Build- Toric (Torbrit Silver ing, Vancouver; executive office, 44 King Street West, To- Mines Limited) ronto; mine office, Alice Arm. R. W. Burton, manager; H. Bapty, mine superintendent; G. K. Sutherland, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Torbrit mine camp and mill are on the west bank of the Kitsault River, 17 miles by road from Alice Arm. Production between January 1st, 1959, and September 27th, 1959: Ore milled, 93,577 tons. Total concentrates produced amounted to 1,280 tons, containing 675,185 ounces of silver and 891,633 pounds of lead. In addition, the total bullion produced was 175,442 fine ounces. A summary of mining operations follows:— Ore broken— Tons Stopes 25,000 Stope raises and stope drifts 1,551 Longhole drilling with tungsten carbide bits 16,569 No safety officer was employed, but a mine safety committee carried out regular monthly inspections of the mine and mill and held monthly meetings. On the surface no new construction was undertaken. The access trail to the hydro plant was maintained and, with the exception of the bridge at Trout Creek, the main bridges are in satisfactory condition. The adit which was driven in 1958 on the North Star claim was driven an additional 412 feet in 1959 and an additional 7,940 feet of diamond drilling was done. It is reported that the silver mineralization outlined in the course of this work was not extensive enough to warrant the separate mining operation that would be required. Production from the mine ceased on September 23rd, 1959, and production from the mill ceased on September 27th, 1959. * By W. C. Robinson. LODE METALS 9 The property has been described in the Annual Report for 1948, and subsequent developments have been described in the Reports from 1949 to 1958, inclusive. A historical summary follows. The original Toric group, which lies east of the Kitsault River, consisted of the Anglo, Toric, Moose, and Lamb Crown-granted claims. Silver occurrences were explored by trenches starting about 1916, and the results obtained indicated that the occurrences were on two main zones of mineralization. Of these, the lower one was considered to be more attractive, and it was explored, starting in 1924, by an adit level originally called the 1900 but later called the 1150 level, corresponding approximately with the elevation above sea-level. The workings on this level exposed a replacement deposit more than 100 feet wide, and in 1926-27 a mill designed to treat 50 tons per day was built. The efficiency of this mill in recovering the silver was less than expected. In 1928-29 the ore milled amounted to 1,540 tons, containing 32,040 ounces of silver and 32,445 pounds of lead. In 1929 the property was acquired by Britannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited, and Torbrit Mining Co. Ltd. was formed to develop the Toric group. In 1929 and 1930 the property was explored by additional underground workings and by diamond-drill holes. This exploration snowed that the replacement deposit extended above and below the 1150 level. Work was suspended in 1930, and the property remained idle until 1946, when Torbrit Silver Mines Limited, a new company controlled by Mining Corporation of Canada, acquired the Toric group and started to build a road up the valley from Alice Arm. This road, constructed most of the way along what had been the right-of-way of the Dolly Varden railway line, was completed in 1948 to the camp-site. A camp was built and a mill, designed to have a capacity of 300 tons per day, was completed early in 1949. About 5 miles up the Kitsault Valley from the camp, near the mouth of Clearwater River, a 1,600-horsepower hydro-electric plant was installed and a transmission-line built to the camp. The mine camp and power-house were connected by the construction of a tractor-trail. A dam built at Clearwater Lake raised its level and stored water for use in periods of low run-off. In 1948 a new adit level was driven, the 1000, which became the main haulage level and was connected with the mill by a narrow-gauge railway 3,200 feet long. The ore, which was found mainly on the Toric claim, occurred in shoots in a quartz-barite-hematite-jasper replacement deposit within a country rock consisting of agglomerates and tuffs of the Hazelton group. The oreshoots as a rule apexed abruptly below the surface, a definite indication that they were formed from ascending solutions and not descending solutions. The original discovery was one of the few shoots that extended to the surface. During the last years of operation considerable exploration work was done on the Moose and Lamb claims of the Toric group. A number of open-cuts, contemporary with the original work on the Toric claims, were examined and further prospecting located continuations of the silver-bearing veins. On the Moose and Lamb claims, 9,680 feet of surface diamond drilling was done, but the results were unfavourable and the project was abandoned in September, 1957. During the first part of mining operations two systems of sloping were practised, depending on the size and plunge of the particular ore section. In flat-lying sections, open stoping, using scrapers to pass the broken material to draw points, was used. In steeper sections shrinkage stoping was employed. Ground for the most part stood up well, and long blast-hole drilling was used extensively. The longhole drilling was done with leyner machines and tungsten carbide bits attached to sectional steel. Above the 1000 level the ore was scraped from draw points to an ore-pass, and on the 1000 level and below the ore was loaded by mucking- 10 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 machines at the draw points. Material from the 900 and 800 levels was hoisted by means of a shaft which had been initially raised from the 1000 level to the surface and eventually sunk to the 800 level. Material below the 800 level was brought to that level by means of a 16-degree winze which had been driven in the footwall for a distance of approximately 500 feet to the 700 level. The mill commenced operation on February 4th, 1949, and averaged about 300 tons per day during the first year. During the first four months of operation all the ore was treated by cyanidation. During this period it was found that recovery in the plant did not equal that of the original test work. It was found that much of the silver was present in silver sulphides, mostly ruby silver, and was not recoverable by cyanidation. The important ore minerals were galena, ruby silver, and native silver. After trying several combinations of cyanidation and flotation it was found that the best recovery was obtained by grinding the ore, floating off the bulk of the silver minerals, and passing the flotation tailings to cyanidation. Most of the silver was thus recovered with galena and sphalerite in a bulk concentrate which was shipped to the lead plant at the Trail smelter. The native silver recovered by cyanidation was refined and shipped as bullion. Mill capacity was increased through the years. During 1950 it averaged about 355 tons per day and by 1954 was 400 to 450 tons per day. Production between the commencement of milling in February, 1949, and the cessation of operations at the end of September, 1959: Ore milled, 1,374,832 tons; silver produced in concentrate and bullion, 18,614,015 oz.; lead produced in concentrate, 10,700,428 lb. Molybdenum (55° 129° S.E.) Head office, 25 King Street West, Toronto Alice (Kennco 1. C. J. Sullivan, president; C. S. Ney, in charge of property. Explorations A total of forty-five claims are held—twenty-six by record (Western) Limited) and nineteen by option. The property is on Lime Creek about 5 miles south of Alice Arm. It is reported that the mineralization consists of molybdenite in the form of thin selvages in quartz veinlets which form a stockwork in a small granodiorite plug, intrusive into greywacke. Work between July 10th and August 28th was done by a crew of seven men. Ten X-ray drill-holes totalling 1,021 feet were drilled. About 300 lineal feet of trench and open-cut was excavated and sampled. Transportation was mainly by helicopter, with some help from back-packing. A drilling programme is planned for 1960. The property was not visited. OBSERVATORY INLET* Copper (55° 129° S.W.) G. A. Derry, development superintendent. Double Ed (The This property of fifteen recorded claims is on Bonanza Creek, Consolidated Min- 3 miles west of Anyox. Work commenced June 1st, 1959. ing and Smelting The access road was rehabilitated and a camp was constructed Company of on the property. A thirty-man bunk-house, cook-house, Canada, Limited) warehouse-office, dry, compressor and power house, shop, and magazine were built. Equipment includes a 600-c.f.m. diesel-driven compressor, a diesel-electric generator, a 6-ton 38-horsepower diesel locomotive, and a 3,980-c.f.m. ventilation fan. An adit was driven at about 500 feet elevation from the west bank of Bonanza Creek to investigate further the surface showing of copper mineralization which is * By W. C. Robinson. LODE METALS 11 about 500 feet higher than the adit. The adit measures 9 by 9 feet, and at the end of 1959 was 1,898 feet long. A crew averaging twenty-five men was employed. Coastal boats and aircraft were used for transportation to Bonanza Creek Landing and trucks were used on the road. MORESBY ISLAND* Iron (52° 131° S.E.) Company office, 808, 602 West Hast- Harriet Harbour ings Street, Vancouver 2. H. B. Gilleland, manager; A. C. (Silver Standard Ritchie, general superintendent. The magnetite bodies pres- Mines Limited) ently under investigation occur at an elevation of approximately 1,000 feet above sea-level close to Harriet Harbour on the southeast coast of Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. Access is by air or sea to Harriet Harbour and by foot-trail from the shore to the outcrops. The climate is temperate, with negligible snowfall and temperatures rarely below 20 degrees above zero. Harriet Harbour is a good sheltered harbour, suitable for entry by moderately large cargo vessels. HECATE STRAIT SK1NCUTTL Figure 1. Mineral claims near Harriet Harbour, Moresby Island. * By W. G. Jeffery. 12 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The main ore zone is on the Jessie Crown-granted claim (Lot 1861), which is held under option from Consolidated Exploration Company Ltd., 1133 Melville Street, Vancouver (see Fig. 1). Adjacent claims controlled by the company include the following: Limestone, Diorite, and Chance fraction recorded claims held under option from Western Canada Steel; Iron Duke (Lot 1977) and Hot Punch (Lot 1976) reverted Crown-granted claims comprising retention lease R30B optioned from J. M. Black; the Adonis (Lot 1865) Crown-granted claim. In addition, about twelve claims and fractional claims are held by record in the same general area. Mineral occurrences in the vicinity have been known since 1863, but the magnetite deposits on the Jessie claim have been previously described only in " The Iron Ores of Canada," Volume I, Economic Geology Series 3, published by the Geological Survey of Canada (1926). The writer spent four days in August examining the property and preparing a geological map at a scale of 1 inch to 40 feet (see Fig. 2). Elevations were obtained by barometric readings based on sea-level. Outcrops are scarce as the deposits are on a heavily timbered slope, but stripping has exposed parts of all the magnetite outcrops and some of the more evident rock exposures. In the vicinity of Harriet Harbour a thick sequence of basic volcanic rocks is overlain by Upper Triassic limestone and thin-bedded argillites. Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks occur near by. All these rocks are cut by post-Middle Jurassic granitic rocks, and these in turn are cut by late basaltic dykes. The magnetite, associated with variable amounts of skarn rock, replaces the basic volcanic flows of pre-Upper Triassic age. These flows are amygdaloidal finegrained green rocks, mainly composed of plagioclase feldspar and green hornblende. The amygdules, which are irregular in shape, average about 6 or 7 millimetres across and are almost entirely filled with a dark-green chlorite. Disseminated magnetite in the rock notably occurs as more concentrated haloes or aureoles around the amygdules. Massive finely crystalline limestone with little indication of bedding overlies the volcanic flows and is exposed along the eastern margin of the magnetite showings. The limestone in turn is overlain by thin-bedded black and brown argillites. The volcanic and sedimentary rocks have been invaded by a swarm of finegrained greenstone dykes and sills. These intrusive rocks are the local representatives of an extensive suite of Lower or Middle Jurassic volcanic rocks. The dykes are typically volcanic in appearance and texture. Their uniformity of grain size and colour makes identification in the field difficult, but microscopic examination classifies most dykes as andesites or basalts, with some lamprophyric types. One finegrained basaltic dyke cuts through magnetite, but most of the dykes in this swarm are pre-ore. At some distance from the ore zone an altered andesite dyke was seen to cut diorite, and some of the dyke swarm could also be post-diorite in age. Diorite is exposed along the western margin of the ore zones and is intrusive into the volcanic rocks. Dioritic dykes extend from the intrusive mass and cut the volcanic flows. At least one diorite dyke has a general trend northwest and dips approximately 30 degrees northeast. All evidence is that these dykes are pre-ore. In the examination of the Jessie claim very little indication of structure was obtained, but it is known from regional evidence that the volcanic and sedimentary rocks are at least gently folded, and that the district volcanic-limestone contact strikes about north 75 degrees east and dips from 40 to 55 degrees to the north. The spatial relationships of these various rock types are characteristic of other magnetite occurrences in the southern coastal region of British Columbia. The possible importance of adjacent limestone and intrusive rocks in the genesis of the i__—^-^BS2____» Ch.nnel,»ortl.v.«.Mo«b,W»« U CO \\1 _ il in X (co in \\\\ —1 u tn X O H —' * o 11° 11 X 11° n IO.OOON o 200 0 500 1000 Figure 3. Part of 3500 level, Craigmont mine. site at 3,046 feet elevation at the junction of the north and south forks of Birkett Creek. The direction of this adit was changed to more westerly at a distance of about 2,250 feet from the portal. By the end of the year the adit was about 3,700 feet long, with the face approximately abreast of the panel containing No. 895 crosscut. Exploratory diamond drilling was done from both levels and from the surface. To aid drilling, the overburden was stripped to depths which in places exceeded 20 feet. Exploration from the surface and the 3500 level has shown that the Craigmont orebody possesses a very irregular outline both in plan and vertical cross- section. The present lack of an accepted stratigraphic sequence for the rocks at the mine hinders structural interpretation and makes correlation of mineralized sections somewhat uncertain. On the 3500 level, copper mineralization is virtually continuous for a length of 2,200 feet, with widths ranging from less than 10 feet to more than 200 feet. The strike is principally about north 82 degrees east, but becomes northerly at the extreme east end of the orebody on this level. The hooklike shape of the east end of the orebody is reflected in the plan of the magnetic anomaly above the orebody. For a distance of 500 feet from the east end on the 3500 level, the orebody is narrow. Thereon it widens westward and achieves a maximum width in the vicinity of No. 875 crosscut. At its west end on this level, the orebody appears to split or to consist of two separate sections. Work on the 3000 level is reported to suggest a possible splitting of the orebody on that level. In vertical sections the orebody appears to narrow toward the surface. Above the 3500 level its dip is mainly southerly at steep angles. Successively from the portal, the 3500 level adit intersected glacial drift, dark- green tuffs, and 570 feet of quartz diorite. Skarn containing the hook-like east end of the orebody was then intersected at a point east of the bend in the adit. The skarn is in faulted contact with quartz diorite and is intersected for a length of about 110 feet. This length includes about 42 feet of magnetite-rich skarn, part of which contains an estimated 1 per cent copper. Thereafter, westward, the adit intersected variously greywacke, quartz eye tuff, and quartz diorite. These rocks form the north wall of the skarn zone and are mineralized in places with small amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite. They are succeeded in the adit by a mineralized section LODE METALS 33 of skarn which is part of the west end of the orebody. The section is about 40 feet long and is 200 feet from the face of the adit. It is succeeded by unmineralized beds which strike north of west and dip steeply, mostly to the north. The beds include banded limestones with dragfolds. In the crosscuts on the 3500 level, the above-mentioned rocks on the north wall are separated from the orebody by skarn whose width ranges from zero to 30 feet. Wallrocks on the south include andesite, quartzofeldspathic tuff, banded siliceous rocks, and, to the east, quartz diorite and skarn. Within the orebody, sections predominate which are heavily replaced by iron oxides. The original rocks are recognizable only in places. They include garnet- and epidote-rich skarns, rocks rich in hornblende and chlorite that may be andesite or skarn, dark limy tuffs, non-limy rocks which are probably quartzofeldspathic tuffs, and quartz diorite. Some irregularly banded, non-limy, crystalline rocks of uncertain origin are rich in quartz and pink feldspar. Banding and lamination in the rocks are mostly subparallel to the strike of the orebody and the dips are mostly steep. In some heavily mineralized sections, disconnected lenses of quartzofeldspathic composition occur in trains which appear to preserve resemblances of complex crumples or dragfolds. Such lenses are commonly impregnated with pink feldspar, similar to greywacke in parts of the north wall of the orebody. The principal metallic minerals are specularite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite. Pyrite is rare and bornite has been observed in small amounts only near the eastern end of the orebody. Because the specularite also is partly magnetic, the amount of magnetite present is difficult to estimate underground, except in the eastern part of the orebody, where it visibly exceeds specularite. The magnetic susceptibility of the iron-rich skarn varies even within distances of a few inches, and in several places was observed to increase near lenses of chalcopyrite. The texture of the iron-rich skarn lacks uniformity, mainly because of changes in the prevailing size of the specularite crystals. These range from fine grained to as much as one-half inch in diameter. Chalcopyrite is partly or wholly later than the iron oxides. It forms lenses, pods, blebs, and disseminations. Some lies in or near small faults, but the remainder is less clearly related to fractures. In places the chalcopyrite occurs preferentially in or along orthoclase-enriched relics of the original rock. Rocks not heavily replaced by iron minerals, and showing banding, may contain chalcopyrite partly as lenses and streaks which are parallel to the banding. The gangue consists principally of unreplaced rock and skarn, together with small amounts of white crystalline calcite, some of which occurs as veins pre-dating chalcopyrite. Chlorite is abundant in some rocks and also on fractures containing metallic minerals. Only a few conspicuous faults were seen on the level, none of which were in contact with the ore. Faults which pre-date the iron mineralization are difficult to identify in the heavily replaced sections. Of many small faults which preceded and followed chalcopyrite mineralization, those with northeasterly strikes are the most numerous. The 3000 level adit penetrated 230 feet of glacial or fluvioglacial deposits, 420 feet of volcanic and pyroclastic rocks assigned to the Kingsvale group, and 1,200 feet of dark-green tuffs of the Nicola group, followed by quartz diorite. By the end of 1959 the adit was reported to have intersected obliquely a mineralized section before entering andesite. In August, removal of overburden on the south wall of the western part of the orebody had exposed bedrock intermittently in an area about 800 feet long in an easterly direction and 90 feet in maximum width. Exposures resulting from later stripping were not examined. The area seen is directly above the four most 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 westerly crosscuts on the 3500 level, at elevations decreasing from approximately 4,200 to 4,000 feet from west to east. The exposed rocks are mainly quartzofeldspathic tuffs. They contain low-grade mineralization consisting of specularite veins, with some malachite, and disseminated chalcopyrite and malachite. Exceptionally deep overburden was encountered about 140 feet to the east of a point vertically above the most westerly crosscut, and may indicate the position of a low-angle fault suspected to occur in surface diamond-drill holes Nos. 22 and 24. This fault may dip east of south. Approximately above No. 855 crosscut the quartzofeldspathic tuffs are dissected by numerous barren veins of coarsely crystalline white calcite, most of which strike eastward with steep dips. To the north of this zone are rocks which include slightly mineralized andesite, skarny tuff, and crystalline quartzofeldspathic rocks containing orthoclase. About 100 feet to the east of the projected position of the same crosscut, wide veins of specularite with malachite were exposed for distances of 40 feet easterly and up to 20 feet northerly. The host rock is skarn or andesite. About 110 feet to the east-northeast of these exposures, and almost vertically above No. 875 crosscut on the 3500 level, a dark, iron-stained, well-jointed tuff containing small amounts of malachite and some thin seams of specularite was exposed. About 110 feet farther east this non-limy rock is succeeded by limy tuff at a contact which probably strikes east of north. Except for veinlets of specularite, no mineralization was seen in the exposed 20-foot section of limy tuff. The most easterly exposures examined were about 150 feet to the east-northeast of this section, and are of skarn, or possibly altered andesite, containing disseminated chalcopyrite. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 700, 1030 West Georgia Betty Lou and Street, Vancouver 5. J. D. Simpson, president. This com- Lou* (Canex pany holds twenty-nine claims and fractions in the adjoining Aerial Explora- Betty Lou and Lou groups at Lookout Point in the Prom- tion Ltd.) ontory Hills. Work in 1959 consisted of prospecting and geological mapping. A small crew was employed during September and October under the supervision of Clive W. Ball. Copper (50° 120° S.W.) This property on Broom Creek, 11 miles Aberdeen Group north of Lower Nicola, consists of the Aberdeen and the (Torwest Resources Westlock Crown-granted claims and the Crown 21 to 28 Limited) recorded claims. The Aberdeen is an old property on which mining was carried out many years previously. A 250-foot vertical shaft had been sunk, and upward of 1,800 tons of copper ore mined and shipped. In 1959 Torwest did some surface excavation by bulldozer, exposed the old workings, and drilled several holes in the immediate vicinity of them. The underground workings were pumped out, manways were retimbered, and the workings surveyed. Channel samples were taken where possible, and 20-foot test-holes were drilled into the walls of the drifts to obtain sludge samples. The mine has since been allowed to flood. Electromagnetic and self-potential surveys were carried out on the property. Two surface diamond drills drilled a total of 5,024 feet. An average of twelve men was employed under the supervision of M. K. Lorrimer. * By J. M. Carr. LODE METALS 35 (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 400, 837 West Hastings Vimy Ridge Street, Vancouver 1. W. Garnett, president. This property (Vimy Explora- includes the old Vimy Ridge showings and consists of the tions Ltd.) following claims: Bornite 7 to 20 (inclusive), Bornite 34 to 39 (inclusive), Bornite 40, 41, and 42, Jot Fraction, Vimy Fraction, H.C.S. Fraction, and H.C.R. Fraction. It is a short distance north of the Aberdeen, and is reached by the same road. Work on the property consisted of trenching and a limited amount of diamond drilling, under the supervision of W. Taylor. Noranda Exploration Company, Limited.—British Columbia office, 202, 2256 West Twelfth Avenue, Vancouver 9. B. O. Brynelsen, manager. In 1959 this company held by record or by option a large number of claims in the Merritt area and did work on the following groups:— (a) AX and Shirley.—(50° 120° S.W.) This property consists of twenty- four claims held by option from E. M. Chase and partners and includes the AX 1 to 16 and the Shirley 1 to 8 claims. It is 1 mile northeast of Merritt and extends uphill from the highway. Three men were employed during the months of June and July under the supervision of W. I. Nelson, Jr. The work included magnetometer and electromagnetic surveys and the preparation of a geological map. The option was dropped. (b) Merritt Property.—(50° 120° S.W.) This property consists of 135 claims and fractions held by Noranda and adjoins the Craigmont property on the south and southeast. Assessment work in the form of road construction, trenching, and a magnetometer survey was carried out in 1959. One vertical diamond-drill hole was drilled 200 feet on the Chip No. 8 claim. (c) H.W.D.—(50° 120° S.W.) This property consists of twenty claims held by option from H. W. Darling. The claims, the H.W.D. 1 to 20, lie just north of the Lower Nicola Indian Reserve on the Mamit Lake road. Some trenching was done by bulldozer. (d) Hoo.—(50° 120° S.W.) This property consists of the Hoo 1 to 4 claims, 1 mile north of Garcia Lake, 6 miles from Merritt on the Princeton Highway. An electromagnetic survey was carried out on the property. (e) Quilchena Property.—(50° 120° S.W.) This property consists of fifty- five claims located by Noranda and lying midway between Courtney and Minnie Lakes. Three men were employed during the months of April, May, and June. An electromagnetic survey was carried out, some soil sampling was done, and several trenches were dug by bulldozer. (/) Mano Property.—(50° 120° N.E.) This property consists of the Man and Mano group of claims and lies IVi miles northwest of Shumway Lake. A diamond-drill hole investigating an air-borne electromagnetic anomaly intersected a low-grade coal deposit which was assumed to be responsible for the anomaly. (g) Aspen Grove Property.—(49° 120° N.W.) This property consists of a large number of claims held by the company and by option from G. S. Eldridge. It extends south of Courtney Lake in the general vicinity of Tule Lake, east of the highway about 15 miles southeast of Merritt. Electromagnetic and magnetic surveys carried out in January, February, and March indicated a large anomaly. Subsequent diamond drilling encountered thin coal beds which were believed to be responsible for the anomaly. Further diamond drilling was done and some trenching and stripping. Salem (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited). — (49° 120° N.W.) This property is 2 miles north of Kingsvale on the 36 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 south side of Salem Creek. It consists of thirteen claims—the Salem 1 to 12 held by record, and the Pine 1 optioned from W. J. Larsen. Five men were employed in doing 1,150 feet of diamond drilling. D. W. Heddle was geologist in charge. SWAKUM MOUNTAIN* Copper (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 400, 837 West Hastings Torwest Resources Street, Vancouver 1. W. E. Garnett, president; W. H. Tay- Limited lor, resident manager. The property is at the top of Swakum Mountain, 12 miles north of Nicola, and is reached by a motor-road up Clapperton and Shuta Creeks. It consists of Mineral Leases 3 and 4, the former Crown-granted Alameda group; Mineral Lease 5, the former Crown- granted Corona group; and Mineral Lease 6, the former Crown-granted Complex group; and 176 claims held by record. The property includes a number of old showings, chiefly the Lucky Mike, Thelma, Alameda, Last Chance, and Gold Gozzan, upon which work has been done intermittently since the first discovery in 1916. In 1958 extensive trenching and diamond drilling in the area north of Swakum Peak was done by the present company, which acquired the property in 1958. References to previous work are contained, under the old property names, in the Annual Reports for 1917, 1924-26, 1928-30, 1934-35, and 1958, and in Memoir 249 of the Geological Survey of Canada. The rocks are lavas, tuffs, and conglomerate. The section, as exposed in trenches and outcrops northwest of Swakum Peak, shows an older andesite porphyry exposed for a thickness of 150 feet, overlain by 450 feet of basalts, overlain in turn by lithic and crystal tuffs with minor intercalated limestones. This last member is faulted, but it is at least 300 feet thick and probably is considerably thicker. At the top of Swakum Mountain and to the east of it the tuffs are overlain by a conglomerate. The map accompanying Memoir 249 (Nicola Sheet) indicates only rocks of Nicola age, but the conglomerate bears some lithologic resemblance to the Lower Cretaceous Kingsvale conglomerate exposed west of Guichon Creek. Although quartz porphyry dykes have been reported, no definitely intrusive rocks were recognized. Garnet-epidote skarn is developed in limy tuffs near limestone lenses and as localized patches in many other tuff beds. The beds immediately north of Swakum Peak strike about north 55 degrees east and dip southeastward. The dips steepen from about 30 degrees at 2,000 feet northwest of the peak to 80 degrees immediately east of it. From about 2,500 feet north of the peak to the end of the trenching, which is some 5,000 feet north, the structure is anticlinal, illustrated by the distribution of bedding attitudes and of rock types in drill cores. The axis strikes about north 10 degrees east and passes immediately west of the old Last Chance workings. To explain this sudden northward change in structure, a fault is postulated striking about north 80 degrees east and crossing about 2,500 feet due north of Swakum Peak. The only direct evidence of such a fault are crushed zones in the cores of two drill-holes, the distribution of limestone on surface and in drill cores, and anomalous bedding attitudes in the vicinity. The horizontal shift would necessarily be at least 3,000 feet, with the southeast side moving southwest. No flow rocks were recognized in exposures north of this presumed fault. A prominent fault striking north 40 degrees east and dipping steeply southeast is exposed in four trenches for a distance of 1,700 feet. It is a strike fault and follows a bed of carbonaceous tuff. The direction and amount of movement on this fault are not known. On the west side of the trenching a sudden change on strike from andesite * By N. D. McKechnie. LODE METALS 37 porphyry to basalt takes place across a gully which possibly represents a fault striking north 25 degrees east. Mineralization is chiefly pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite, with local sphalerite, galena, and scheelite, and occurs either with quartz in small shears and fractures or disseminated in skarn and limy tuffs. At the west side of the trenching 1,500 feet northwest of the peak, two narrow quartz veins in shears have been opened by an adit and a 15-degree inclined shaft in the face of a cliff. One shear strikes north 75 degrees west, dips 80 degrees north, and contains quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and a little magnetite over a width of about 2 feet. The other, 150 feet to the north, is a thin, drusy quartz stringer striking north 50 degrees east and dipping 20 degrees northwest, and contains pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The wallrocks are basalt. On the east side of the trenching, on the boundary between the Old Alameada and Old Alameada No. 1 claims, the Alameada shaft was put down many years ago on a northerly striking mineralized shear or fracture dipping about 45 degrees to the west. The shaft and surrounding pits have been caved for many years. Spoil on the dump is quartz with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. The shaft is reported to have followed a 2-foot CAM N0. 4 M.C CAM NO. Z M.C r__H Skarn Limy lithic tuff,minor limestone V777M Green tuff I O Diamond - dri 11 hole Scale Feet Figure 4. Last Chance showing, Swakum Mountain. 38 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 vein to a depth of 125 feet in limy tuffs. A hole drilled by Torwest intersected a quartz stringer containing abundant pyrite and some sheared rock 140 feet to 150 feet below the shaft, about on the reported dip of the vein. There was no limestone in the drill core. The principal showing is the one known for many years as the Last Chance. It is 4,000 feet on a bearing of north 15 degrees east from Swakum Peak and is on the boundary between the CAM No. 2 and CAM No. 4 mineral claims. Scheelite occurs in the skarn in small quantities and is usually not recognizable without the aid of an ultraviolet lamp. Sampling for tungsten content was done by diamond drilling in 1943 (Memoir 249) as a part of the national programme to obtain tungsten supplies. The geology, with the holes drilled since the sampling drilling, is shown in Figure 4. The occurrence consists of two lenses of skarn enclosed in limy tuffs and limestone, striking a little east of north and dipping 50 to 75 degrees east. The skarn consists chiefly of red garnet and is erratically mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Repetitions of tuff beds in holes 42, 43, and 44 indicate that the showing is on the east limb of an anticline, the axis of which is about at the west side of the trench. Though local concentrations of chalcopyrite occur, much of the skarn is very sparsely mineralized and the showing as a whole is not impressive. No drilling has been done along strike to north or south of the exposure. About 700 feet south and west of the Last Chance showing a limy tuff, altered in patches to skarn, contains disseminated chalcopyrite. It is 10 to 15 feet thick, strikes north 10 degrees west, and dips 20 degrees southwest. Similar mineralization was encountered in a 1-foot drill intersection about 200 feet along the strike and at what is probably the same horizon. A self-potential survey made in 1958 indicated a series of high readings which appear to correspond to the trace of the faulted carbonaceous tuff bed. This method is sensitive to carbonaceous material. All of the present showings appear to be limited in extent. If more exploration is contemplated, consideration might be given to delimiting the tuff-limestone horizon and testing it by geophysical and geochemical methods. MEADOW CREEK* Copper (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 902, 718 Granville Street, Vanex (Vanex Vancouver 2. This property consists of 120 claims held by Minerals Limited) record in the Meadow Creek area, 25 miles north of Merritt. The claims are in the vicinity of Dupont and Homfray Lakes and are reached from the Guichon Creek-Kamloops road. A limited amount of surface work was done under the direction of H. Leach, geologist in charge, and preliminary geological mapping was carried out. Some diamond drilling was done to check a magnetic anomaly indicated by a survey made in 1958. An average crew of five was employed. CHERRY CREEK* Copper (50° 120° N.W.) Company office, 1030 West Georgia Matt (Kennco Street, Vancouver 5. J. A. Gower, manager. The Matt Explorations group of twenty-eight claims is on the north slope of Green- (Western) Limited) stone Mountain. It is 6 miles due south of Cherry Creek siding on Kamloops Lake, and is reached by road from the highway 10 miles west of Kamloops. Five men were employed for one month, * By David Smith. LODE METALS 39 D.M. (Cadamet Mines Limited) under the supervision of C. S. Ney, doing surface prospecting and a limited amount of diamond drilling. KAMLOOPS* Copper (50° 120° N.W.) Company office, 601, 250 University Avenue, Toronto. H. E. Martin, president. This company holds fifty-eight claims and fractions extending south from the Trans-Canada Highway about 10 miles west of Kamloops and surrounding the old Pothook mine and the Cliff and Gift Crown-granted claims. Work done consisted of three vertical diamond-drill holes totalling 797 feet. The holes were spaced about 1 mile apart to the northwest, northeast, and southeast, respectively, of the Cliff and Gift claims. The property is partly underlain by rocks of the Iron Mask batholith. Recent geological mapping by E. Livingston, of New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd., has shown this batholith to be intruded by feldspar porphyries with associated breccias. The northeasterly drill-hole is reported to have encountered subcommercial copper mineralization in porphyry and breccia. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1952, p. 115; 1956, p. 48; 1957, p. 31; 1958, p. 29.] BIRCH ISLAND f Fluorite-Celestite-Uranium Rexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company Limited (51° 119° N.W.) Head Office, 550 Sherbrooke Street, Montreal; mine office, Birch Island. J. W. Scott, manager. The Rexspar property is in the Red Ridge area, 3 miles south of Birch Island, a station on the Canadian National Railway 81 miles north of Kamloops. Activity on the property in 1959 was limited to several drill-holes placed to test the continuity of and to sample a zone of fluorite mineralization. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1957, pp. 31-32; 1958, p. 30.] TULAMEENJ Iron Magnetite in Lodestone Mountain Stock Magnetite has been known for many years to occur in the Lodestone Mountain stock. In 1959 most of the stock was reconnoitred to locate areas in which magnetite is most abundant, and two areas were explored in some detail to obtain indications of grade. Craigmont Mines Limited kindly supplied a copy of a magneto- metric map of part of Tangle wood Hill. The stock is 15 miles due west of Princeton. The north part is reached by the Tulameen River road above the community of Tulameen. The central and southern parts are reached by logging-roads extending from the old road to Blake- burn. The stock mostly underlies high country, though it is incised deeply by the valleys of the Tulameen River and Britton Creek in the north and of Badger Creek in the south. The highest point is Lodestone Mountain, elevation 6,218 feet, to the northwest, west, and south of which a rolling upland, here called the Lodestone Plateau, lies between 5,500 and 6,100 feet elevation. Other eminences are Olivine Mountain, elevation 5,900 feet, and Grasshopper Mountain, 4,900 feet, facing each * By J. M. Carr. t By David Smith. t By G. E. P. Eastwood. 40 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 other across the Tulameen River, and Tanglewood Hill, 5,500 feet, a rounded summit on a ridge extending east-northeast from Lodestone Plateau. The lowest point is 2,800 feet in elevation at the Tulameen River. The central and southern parts of the stock are thickly mantled with glacial drift, and outcrops are generally small and widely scattered. The north part of Lodestone Plateau and the crest of Lodestone Mountain are fairly well exposed. The northwest face of Olivine Mountain is bluffy, but exposures on its flanks are scattered. Near the Tulameen River, bedrock is obscured by gravel terraces, but the actual channel exposes an almost continuous section across the stock. The south and west slopes of Grasshopper Mountain are fairly well exposed, but on the north slope, as on the north slope of Mount Britton, large areas are completely covered. Away from the river and Britton Creek, outcrops on Mount Britton are thinly scattered. Most of the area is fairly thickly timbered, but Lodestone Plateau and Mountain have extensive grassy meadows. General Geology The geology of the Tulameen area, including the northern two-thirds of the stock, was mapped by Charles Camsell in 1909-10.* The geology of the Princeton area, including the whole of the stock, was mapped by H. M. A. Rice in 1939-44.* The stock was observed in contact only with rocks of the Nicola group, which it intrudes, and with small patches of conglomerate which overlies it. The Nicola group here consists predominantly of greyish-green pyroclastics and lavas which locally contain coarse feldspar phenocrysts; here and there some limestone or black phyllite and argillite is intercalated. As shown in Figure 5, the stock extends from the northwest base of Grasshopper Mountain to Arrastra Creek, a distance of 11 miles. It is 4 miles wide through Lodestone Mountain, narrowing to 2 miles through Grasshopper Mountain and to Wz miles near Arrastra Creek. In general terms the stock consists of a large body of pyroxenite enclosing one or possibly two bodies of peridotite-dunite, with feldspathic rocks occurring generally along the northeast edge and locally on the southwest edge. Peridotite and dunite were found to grade to pyroxenite in some parts of the stock and to be intrusive into it in other parts. Both pyroxenite and peridotite-dunite are intruded by the feldspathic rocks, and all three general rock types are cut by many diverse small dykes. The bulk of the magnetite is in the pyroxenite. In more detail the distribution of the major rock types is irregular; therefore, to facilitate description the pyroxenite is arbitrarily considered as being in six bodies, referred to by number as designated in Figure 5. True pyroxenite is generally fine grained and rather dark in colour, but scattered outcrops were found of light-green pyroxenite and of medium-grained pyroxenite. Coarse amphibole, both light greyish- green and dark green to black in colour, is scattered through the pyroxenite and is locally concentrated into small lenses or bands of hornblendite. The pyroxenite in places also contains some black and white mica or vermiculite, especially within lenses of massive magnetite. Pyroxenite body No. 4 has been largely crushed and serpentinized, producing a dense rock which is mostly black but is locally green. Some familiarity with the rocks is required before the various manifestations of the pyroxenite can be confidently distinguished from Nicola volcanics, gabbro, or certain of the many dykes cutting the stock. Rarely, however, is the pyroxenite as fine grained as the volcanics or the same shade of greyish-green. Although normally coarse grained and containing pale-green feldspar, the gabbro is locally medium grained and contains bright-green feldspar, which is difficult to distinguish in the * Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 26, pp. 32-88, 168; Mem. 243, pp. 33-34. LODE METALS 41 LEGEND ['rV;'-';",V-'j Pyroxene syenite ^Pyroxene diorife and gabbro ;''iJK'*1 Peridot ite and dunite [j:;:|i?.j:-"ij] Peridotite- pyroxenite contact zone [-:.-■■■■.. | Pyroxenite (see text re numbers) HH Nicola group ;.*.-.'-;• Drift covered area r___3 Areas of detailed mapping IBMi1 Figure 5. Lodestone Mountain stock, Tulameen. field from bright-green pyroxene. This pyroxenite-like gabbro is, however, distinguished by the presence of grooved and polished hematitic coatings on slip surfaces and by very low magnetite content. Small bodies of pyroxenite and amphibolite 42 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 occurring here and there in Nicola rocks may or may not be genetically related to the stock, but in any case they do not contain appreciable magnetite. One large body of peridotite and dunite crosses Grasshopper Mountain and the Tulameen River and forms the steep northwest face of Olivine Mountain; it is here termed the Grasshopper peridotite. The peridotite and dunite are normally massive and fine grained to dense rocks, black, brownish-black, or bluish-black in colour. Usually they have a weathering rind about 2 inches thick which grades from grey within to yellowish-brown on the exposed surface. Usually the contact between rind and fresh rock is sharp. Along the river and Britton Creek the peridotite-dunite is variably altered to serpentine, both along fractures and between grains, releasing some secondary magnetite. Over the greater part of Grasshopper Mountains, however, the peridotite is generally fresh. At the river the contacts with pyroxenite are gradational in two respects. The pyroxenite acquires a little intergranular olivine as the main body of peridotite is approached, and it is laced with dykes, lenses, and innumerable fine wisps of peridotite. The northeast contact zone is well exposed, broad, and pronounced; the southwest contact is poorly exposed and exhibits fewer lenses and wisps of peridotite in pyroxenite. Elsewhere the contacts of this body of peridotite with pyroxenite were not seen in outcrop, but the outcrop pattern suggests they are fairly sharp. A long narrow body of peridotite is sporadically exposed along the northeast slope of Lodestone Plateau and Mountain, and is here termed the Lodestone peridotite. It may or may not be continuous with the Grasshopper peridotite. It is pyroxenic almost everywhere observed and has broad gradational contact zones with the enclosing pyroxenite. The more southerly exposures are medium grained and mottled green and brownish-black; these grade southwest and northeast to pyroxenite by a gradual increase in pyroxene at the expense of olivine; no evidence of intrusive relationship was found. Off the northeast corner of Lodestone Plateau the peridotite is generally darker and finer grained, reflecting a lower pyroxene content, and in so far as can be determined from small scattered outcrops the contact zones are narrower. The feldspathic rocks range from pyroxene syenite to gabbro and are generally coarse grained. They consist of large grains of plagioclase feldspar, generally pink or pale to light green in colour, and somewhat smaller grains of medium- to dark- green pyroxene and amphibole. In general, the bodies at the river and on Grasshopper Mountain are gabbro, whereas the large body between Lodestone Mountain and Tanglewood Hill ranges from fairly light-coloured pyroxene syenite on the ridge to dark pyroxene diorite down toward Olivine Creek. Near the Nicola contact and locally elsewhere on this Olivine Creek slope the diorite is medium to fine grained and contains lenses of still finer-grained diorite. Across the mouth of Badger Creek the feldspathic rock is somewhat darker than by Tanglewood Hill and is distinctly gneissic. On Tanglewood Hill a band of feldspathic pyroxenite practically bisects pyroxenite body No. 5 and appears to mark the northeast limit of magnetite concentration. It consists of normal-looking pyroxenite containing white feldspar grains which are conspicuous but too thinly scattered to make the rock a gabbro. The contacts are in general gradational and irregular; but locally there is a development of extremely coarse amphibole where feldspar disappears. On Lodestone Mountain three small areas of modified pyroxenite likewise appear to mark the approximate northeast limit of magnetite concentration. They may be segments of a continuous zone which has been disrupted by cross-faulting. One area is on the northeast slope of the main peak, and exposes small fragment-like bodies of feldspathic rock with shells of black amphibole enclosed in pyroxenite. LODE METALS 43 The outer parts of the area consist only of bands and scattered coarse crystals of black amphibole in pyroxenite. Locally the rock resembles a banded gneiss. The second area is on the summit and northeast slope of the south peak. It consists predominantly of crystals of black amphibole scattered through pyroxenite, with only a very few small bodies of feldspathic rock. The third area is on a hill south of the south peak. It consists of pyroxenite enclosing crystals, bands, and ragged areas of black amphibole, within which are wisps and lenses of feldspathic rock. The areas are about 150 feet wide. Many small faults have been inferred in various parts of the stock, and there may be some larger ones. None of the small faults or shears could be related to the occurrence or possible concentration of magnetite, but rather they appear to have dislocated or disturbed country rock and magnetite alike. On Lodestone Mountain several northeast-striking faults are inferred from marked linear saddles and draws, along which sheared pyroxenite contains narrow bands of coarsely crystalline white or buff carbonate. Direction and amount of movement could not be estimated. Magnetite Occurrence in General Appreciable magnetite has been found only in pyroxenite and in scattered very small patches in peridotite-dunite. Because these patches are small, sparsely scattered, and low in grade, no further work was done on them, and the peridotite- dunite was not systematically prospected. The pyroxenite varies somewhat in its magnetite content from place to place; two areas in which the content seemed to be above average, on Lodestone Mountain and Tanglewood Hill, were mapped in detail and are described below. Knowledge of the distribution of magnetite in the central and southern parts of the stock is limited because of the extensive overburden; the section between Lodestone Plateau and Olivine Mountain was not studied. It can be stated, however, that south of Badger Creek and north of the Tulameen River (excepting two small areas), magnetite in pyroxenite is generally less abundant than it is in pyroxenite in the remainder of the stock. It appears further that there is no appreciable magnetite within at least 500 feet of the Lodestone peridotite. In short, the known favourable or potentially favourable areas appear to be restricted to the greater part of pyroxenite body No. 1 between Badger Creek and the river, the southeast half of body No. 3, and the southwest half of body No. 5, together with two small areas on Grasshopper Mountain mentioned above. The central part of pyroxenite body No. 1 is described below, under Lodestone Mountain. A short distance to the southeast and on the ridge between Newton and Badger Creeks, scattered outcrops of pyroxenite contain magnetite in amounts that are appreciable but probably somewhat less than on Lodestone Mountain. On the flanks of Olivine Mountain, magnetite in bodies Nos. 1 and 3 generally increases away from the river, but higher-grade rock is patchy and no detailed work was done. One small area on the crest of Grasshopper Mountain, about 300 feet east of the peridotite-dunite contact, consists of an exposure of sheared pyroxenite, measuring about 5 by 30 feet and giving very high dip-needle readings, along the south contact of a small syenite dyke. Surrounding pyroxenite outcrops give lower but still above average dip-needle readings, but neither in them nor in the exposure of sheared pyroxenite were hand-magnet tests impressive. A second small area is on the northwest angle of Grasshopper Mountain at about 4,200 feet elevation, just north of the peridotite contact. Small scattered outcrops outline an area at least 100 by 700 feet in which dip-needle readings are moderately high and are amply confirmed by visual observation and hand-magnet tests. These 44 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 tests suggest that magnetite concentration in this area is comparable with the average concentration on Lodestone Mountain. At the river a small patch in the northeast corner of body No. 4 contains some appreciable disseminated magnetite and four or five tiny lenses of massive magnetite; the over-all grade of the patch is probably low. Large quantities of placer magnetite are doubtless contained in the terrace gravels along the Tulameen River, but the possible grade is unknown. The magnetite occurs in two general ways—as individual grains disseminated through the rock and as lenses or vein-like bodies which consist largely of magnetite though containing some mica and (or) pyroxene. The lenses of massive magnetite were found only between Newton Creek and the Tulameen River, and are of medium to large size only on Tanglewood Hill. Elsewhere no single lens is larger than a man could carry out, and the average weight is probably between 1 and 5 pounds. The massive magnetite is readily seen, even where the outcrop is largely covered with lichen, for lichen does not seem to grow well on magnetite. The disseminated magnetite is in many places difficult to see, and its grade cannot be estimated visually with any consistency. Coarse grains of magnetite, as much as 1 millimetre across, are relatively easy to see and are subject to overestimation. Fine grains of magnetite are easily confused with fine flakes of mica or missed entirely, and generally are underestimated. Three instrumental methods were therefore employed. All rocks were tested until it became clear that in general only the pyroxenite contains appreciable magnetite. Tests on other rocks were then restricted to occasional checks. A small horseshoe magnet suspended on a string serves to distinguish pyroxenite of the stock from all other rocks save peridotite. Feldspathic rocks, dykes, Nicola volcanics, and small pyroxenite bodies in the Nicola group all fail to deflect the magnet when it is brought up to the side of an outcrop, whereas pyroxenite of the stock will deflect it every time. The reaction of peridotite is variable, possibly depending somewhat on the degree of serpentinization and the consequent release of secondary magnetite. This sensitive test is useful in some places in mapping rock types, but was found to be unnecessary in prospecting for magnetite ore. Over certain areas the pyroxenite contains sufficient disseminated magnetite to be attracted to the magnet with a pull that can be felt with the fingers. At a higher concentration of disseminated magnetite the attraction beween a fist-sized chunk of rock and the magnet is equal to the weight of the magnet. In the following description, detectable, appreciable, and notable magnetite mean, respectively, that the outcrop will deflect the magnet suspended on a string, that the outcrop exerts a pull on the magnet which can be felt, or that a sizeable piece of rock will suspend the magnet. A fist-sized piece of pyroxenite which would just suspend the particular magnet used assayed 16.56 per cent acid-soluble iron and 19.78 per cent total iron. By interpolation between two other assays it is known that " appreciable " magnetite corresponds to 12 per cent or more total iron. The method is fast, simple, convenient, and positive, and would seem to be generally free of extraneous influences, but the deposit itself poses the following uncertainty. The pull is found to vary considerably over a given outcrop, noticeably different values being obtained within distances of 2 to 5 feet, although no change in magnetite concentration can be seen. No pattern to the variation was determined, and its cause is not known. The dip-needle and magnetometer tend to smooth out these variations and to some extent give information on covered ground, but they are subject to such extraneous influences as local topography and local attraction from the operator. The magnetometer is also slower and rather delicate, requiring considerable care LODE METALS 45 and vigilance. The dip-needle used on reconnaissance was a simple Harrison model held in the plane of the magnetic meridian and read on the swing at eye-level. It was found that the needle would swing freely enough in the horizontal position to determine the magnetic meridian within 10 degrees. No attempt was made to pre-calibrate it. A " Sharpe " model Dl-M high-sensitivity tripod-mounted dip-needle was used for magnetic surveying on Lodestone Mountain and Plateau, where it was set up on plane-table stations and points. Deflection readings were converted to coil current values by using a calibration curve, and these in turn were converted to gammas by multiplying by a constant of the instrument. Check readings at a fixed station were regularly taken at start and end of the day's work. Halfway through the survey a fall of the instrument changed its characteristics; therefore, readings northeast of Lodestone Lake and west of the main peak are no more accurate than readings taken elsewhere in the stock with the simpler dip-needle. Readings with the two types of dip-needle were not correlated, and readings with neither instrument could be correlated with hand-magnet estimates where lenses of massive magnetite were present. The dip-needle reading gives some measure of the total attraction of both massive and disseminted magnetite within a certain range, whereas the magnet can indicate the attraction only of rock immediately beneath it. Over disseminated magnetite only, no consistent relation was found between readings and estimates. Readings with the Sharpe instrument on Lodestone Mountain varied particularly widely in relation to magnet estimates, but may be too few to be significant. Readings with the Harrison dip-needle in most places showed a rough correlation with magnet estimates, but some striking exceptions were found. Over some outcrops appreciable magnetite gave dips as small as 35 degrees, notable magnetite dips as small as 45 degrees, whereas serpentinized pyroxenite in body No. 4 at the Tulameen River yielded dips as large as 60 degrees without sensibly attracting the magnet. A sample of this serpentinized pyroxenite assayed only 5.5 per cent total iron. The highest reading with the Sharpe instrument corresponded to 8,600 gammas; the lowest corresponded to some negative figure off the calibration curve. With the Harrison dip-needle the normal dip over Nicola volcanics and feldspathic intrusives was 15 to 25 degrees. Somewhat lower dips, including two reversals, were obtained over a few peridotite exposures. Over pyroxenite, dips generally ranged from 25 to 50 degrees, with one extreme reading of 80 degrees. Magnetite on Lodestone Mountain Magnetite was known prior to 1906 to occur on Lodestone Mountain. Over the years the ground has been staked many times, and more than two dozen small open-cuts have been made. A reconnaissance dip-needle survey was conducted by United States Steel Corporation in 1954 and 1955 and some sampling was done. The area is mentioned in the Annual Report for 1956. The general geology of part of the mountain is shown diagrammatically in Figure 6. Lodestone Lake is northwest of the area depicted. The outcrop areas shown are mostly covered with 2 to 3 feet of rubble, locally mixed with glacial drift. Outside the outcrop areas the drift may be 10 feet and more in thickness. Disseminated magnetite is appreciable in most outcrops on the mountain and plateau and is somewhat concentrated along the axis of the mountain ridge. Northeast of Lodestone Lake it decreases gradually northeast toward the peridotite, but on the mountain appreciable magnetite is generally limited on the northeast by the areas of modified pyroxenite. On the south peak appreciable magnetite extends well into one of these areas, and on the hill to the southeast notable disseminated magnetite actually occurs in a cut on the northeast side of another such area, but between this 46 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 cut and the peridotite the pyroxenite contains little magnetite. Estimations and one group of assays indicate the magnetite content is somewhat, though variably, lower around the lake than it is to the northeast or along the mountain crest. Small lenses of almost massive magnetite are scattered through pyroxenite containing disseminated magnetite to form an ill-defined zone a few hundred feet wide extending from northeast of the lake southeast along the mountain crest. The more regular lenses may consist entirely of magnetite or may contain some included pyroxene crystals and sparse white mica. An approximate northeast limit of this zone is shown in Figure 6. The southwest limit is even harder to place, partly due to lack of outcrop; it would seem to pass close to the east end of the lake. This zone overlaps an area of modified pyroxenite on the south peak but is west of a similar area by the main peak. Right-hand offsets in the northeast boundary were noted at two marked draws, at least one of which is inferred to follow a fault. Lenses are generally scarce southeast of the area mapped in detail, and any continuation of the zone northwest of the plateau is covered. The lenses are all small and widely variable in form. The largest observed, on the south slope of the main peak, is 6 by 24 inches. Some are straight-walled veins an inch wide and 3 or 4 feet long. Some are mere films of magnetite on joint surfaces. Many are irregular, with an over-all vein-like form but interrupted and sinuous in detail, and send small lobes out into pyroxenite. An unsuccessful attempt was made to relate lenses to jointing. The rubbly nature of outcrops restricted observations to open-cuts and a few small well- glaciated exposures. In one cut magnetite was found to occupy one of the most prominent joints and send tongues out along other joints, but in a small glaciated knob veins and lenses of magnetite did not follow any of seven directions of jointing. Magnetite in other exposures exhibited varying relations to joints. The contribution of the lenses to the over-all magnetite content of the zone is probably not large. Most of the outcrops are so rubbly that it is difficult to find all the lenses, but in the majority of the better exposures there are no more than five lenses, totalling about 2 square feet, per 100 square feet. Also, there is a vague suggestion that disseminated magnetite decreases somewhat where the lenses are more abundant. The readings with the Sharpe dip-needle are difficult to interpret. Somewhat more than half correlate with visual or hand-magnet observations, but the remainder are either higher or lower than was expected, some surprisingly so. The only general pattern to emerge is of low readings in the more marked draws, some of which are inferred to follow faults, and high readings on hills or knolls, where rubbly bedrock is either exposed or within a very few feet of the surface. One factor in producing this pattern is undoubtedly depth of overburden, but some groups of readings indicate that parts, at least, of the pattern reflect real variations in the magnetic properties of bedrock. For example, on the lower part of the steep northwest face of the south peak, on bedrock or coarse talus derived from bedrock, negligible readings were obtained. The relation between magnetic properties and magnetite content is uncertain. Forty samples were taken in nine groups, eight of which are indicated on Figure 6 and one is on the south side of the lake. The first four groups were designed to obtain as accurate samples as possible from small areas, the remaining five to get more general samples over somewhat larger areas. Group 1 is from rather low- grade disseminated magnetite south of Lodestone Lake, group 4 from a pocket of relatively high-grade disseminated magnetite northeast of an area of modified pyroxenite, and group 6 from low-grade rock northeast of a similar area. The remaining groups were taken from the zone of lenses. For each of the first four groups a patch of outcrop was stripped of loose material, swept clean, and marked off into 48 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 100 one-foot squares. Chips as nearly equal in size as possible were taken from the corner of each square. The large square yielded several times too much material for one sample bag; therefore, several samples were collected on a geometric plan and assayed separately in order to show up any variability. In calculating the group averages, individual assays have been weighted according to the number of chips represented. Samples in the last five groups comprise chips taken every 5 feet in lines which are normally 50 feet long. Groups 5, 7, and 9 each comprise three such fines of chips, 25 feet apart. In group 6 scarcity of rock necessitated running the third line across the ends of the other two. Group 8 is a single 80-foot line of chips, split into 50- and 30-foot segments. Since stripping of these larger areas was not feasible, a considerable part of each sample is from rubble, some chips had to be obtained off line, and a few scattered positions had to be skipped entirely. The assays are tabled with those from Tanglewood Hill on pages 50 and 51, and evaluation is reserved for a following section. It may be noted here that the iron content is nowhere high, and that the variations indicated visually and by the hand- magnet are not large. In a general way the relative magnetite content indicated visually and by hand-magnet is confirmed, in places in opposition to readings with the Sharpe dip-needle. The most promising area would appear to be the main peak with the broad hill to the south and the ridge to the west. Magnetite on Tanglewood Hill The general geology of part of Tanglewood Hill is shown in Figure 7, and details of the area most intensively explored are shown in Figure 8. The essential features are two bands of pyroxenite and an intervening band of feldspathic pyroxenite, all enclosed between Nicola rocks and pyroxene syenite. In natural outcrops the rocks are hard and compact, but in trenches and one road cut most of the pyroxenite and some of the feldspathic pyroxenite has disintegrated to a sand. A diamond-drill hole passed through 45 feet of this sand, including a few solid chunks, before entering solid pyroxenite. Magnetite is rather sparingly disseminated through pyroxenite and feldspathic pyroxenite. Of principal interest are some two dozen lenses of almost massive magnetite that are generally much larger than any found elsewhere in the Lodestone Mountain stock. Most of them are within the area of Figure 8, and eight are shown thereon. All of these lenses have been found in the south band of pyroxenite or in the feldspathic pyroxenite, most of them in pyroxenite sand. Lenses A and B in the two trenches shown on Figure 7 are the farthest out known. From the limited extent of exploration, it is not at all certain that similar lenses do not exist in the north band of pyroxenite or in extensions of the south band to the east and west. However, a dip-needle traverse across the south band along the road to Blakeburn, west of the area of Figure 7, yielded only low readings. The magnetite lenses exposed range in width from a few inches to 18 feet; most of them are 2 to 4 feet wide. A diamond-drill hole passed through 7 feet of one lens and through eleven other lenses or veinlets ranging in width from one- quarter inch to 1V_ feet. Length and depth can rarely be estimated, yet each is probably at least ten times the width. The common strike is west or northwest, though one lens strikes northeast. The over-all dips are not certainly known. Observed dips of all but one lens in the trench walls are vertical or nearly so; many lenses appear to have been steepened by vertical slips. There are suggestions from the drilling that some of the lenses may on the average dip south or southwest at moderate angles, and that the steep dips near surface may not be representative. LODE METALS 49 X -_ o c 5 - to E 50 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Information from the diamond-drill hole suggests, but does not prove, that the feldspathic pyroxenite contact also may dip south. In the trench by churn-drill hole 5, on the other hand, a 5-foot-wide lens dips almost vertically near surface, but 6 feet below surface it shows drag to the southwest on top of a flat shear. No continuation of it could be found beneath the shear. All but two of the lenses are 5 feet or less wide, and all are more or less scattered through pyroxenite containing disseminated magnetite, resulting in an average grade roughly comparable with that on Lodestone Mountain. Of the two larger lenses, one is 8 feet wide but is exposed only in one wall of the trench below churn-drill hole 6. The other larger lens is 18 feet wide in the trench by churn- drill hole 1 and is probably continuous with massive magnetite exposed in the trench below hole 2. If the 7 feet of massive magnetite intersected in the diamond-drill hole can be regarded as a further extension of this lens, it can be estimated to be 300 feet long, averaging 10 feet wide. Assuming a depth of half the length and a factor of 7.5 cubic feet per ton, the lens is estimated to contain 60,000 tons of magnetite of a grade indicated by samples 954 and 1000. Samples were taken in three groups—No. 10 from the trench by churn-drill hole 1, No. 11 from the trench by hole 5, and a group of picked samples from the diamond-drill core. The trench samples approximate to continuous samples along one wall, close-chipped across magnetite and compact pyroxenite, and channelled with pick point across pyroxenite sand. In group 10, sample 1000 was taken across the large magnetite lens discussed above, samples 1151 to 1153 were taken successively to the south, and sample 1154 was taken to the north of 1000. In group 11 the samples were taken successively from the mouth of the trench to the east contact of the largest lens, the one mentioned above as being displaced on a flat shear. Each group of samples crosses all magnetite lenses observed in the trench. From the drill core, type samples were taken respectively of the 7 feet of massive magnetite, of the most attractive disseminated magnetite, and of pyroxenite which failed to sensibly attract the hand-magnet. The assays are tabled below. The 18 feet of massive magnetite of the large lens in the trench near churn- drill hole 1 can be augmented by 33 feet of combined pyroxenite sand and smaller lenses from the hangingwall to give a weighted average across 51 feet of somewhat better than 40 per cent iron. On the other hand, visual inspection of diamond-drill core from above the 7 feet of massive magnetite is not encouraging; the aggregate width of five lenses or veinlets of massive magnetite is only about 27 inches. If the large lens, estimated above to contain 60,000 tons, were diluted during mining with hangingwall rock containing magnetite lenses to yield an over-all grade of 40 per cent iron, the reserve might be increased to 150,000 tons. TABLE OF ASSAYS Group No. Sample No. Iron Titanium Remarks Lodestone Mountain Per Cent Per Cent 1 957 16.78 1.05 958 16.99 1.09 959 15.00 1.03 960 12.55 1.12 Band of crumbly black amphibolite, probably along a shear. 961 15.35 1.14 962 16.75 1.05 963 14.70 1.16 964 14.10 Crumbly black amphibolite. 965 14.20 0.87 Mostly rubble. Group average— 15.26 1.08 LODE METALS TABLE OF ASSAYS—Continued 51 Group No. Sample No. Iron Titanium Remarks 2 966 967 968 969 970 971 Per Cent 18.80 22.15 24.70 21.70 19.35 19.00 Per Cent 0.96 1.11 1.16 1.03 0.93 0.98 21.05 1.03 1 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 49.03 15.65 12.05 12.25 15.00 15.50 14.65 15.50 1.98 0.80 0.80 0.86 0.80 0.80 0.89 High-grade magnetite cobbed from group 2 stripping. Crumbly black amphibolite. Group average 14.61 0.82 4 994 995 996 17.80 16.50 17.95 0.21 0.36 0.27 Chips cover one-third of 14- by 11-foot rectangle. Approximate average- 17.44 0.28 5 980 981 982 21.40 1 19.95 17.50 | Mostly rubble. Half rubble. Mostly rubble. | 19.62 | 6 983 984 985 12.75 14.55 14.50 Mostly solid bedrock. Mostly rubble and talus. Mostly rubble. 13.93 — 7 986 987 988 19.05 24.65 23.25 _ Mostly solid bedrock. Mostly rubble. Mostly rubble. 22.32 __ 8 989 990 21.45 20.05 Rubbly outcrop and float south of group 2. | 20.75 | i) 991 992 993 15.90 15.15 14.05 Half outcrop, half rubble, northwest of group 3. Group average Tanglewood Hill Average of first f our.... | 15.03 | 10 1000 1151 1152 1153 53.00 35.50 47.35 34.10 1.89 1.37 1.64 1.28 18 feet across nearly massive magnetite. Across 2Vi feet magnetite, 8 feet of pyroxenite. 8_ feet impure magnetite. Across 12 feet pyroxenite and 2 feet magnetite. 43.23 1.57 Across 51.0 feet. 11 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 954 955 956 21.30 20.75 27.25 19.45 60.80 59.53 17.75 10.76 0.97 1.05 1.27 0.96 2.07 2.12 0.84 0.80 Across 24 feet of pyroxenite sand next to sample 1000. Across 41 feet pyroxenite sand, 4 feet magnetite. 4 feet magnetitic pyroxenite. 13 feet pyroxenite sand. 7 feet magnetite. Appreciable disseminated magnetite. Does not sensibly attract magnet. PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR Sample No. Phosphorus Sulphur Lodestone 972 1000 1158 Per Cent 0.02 0.02 0.04 Per Cent 0 08 Tanglewood Hill 0 04 0.05 52 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Evaluation of Assays The tabulated assays include a small amount of iron introduced during crushing and grinding, and a larger amount of iron contained in pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. The figures must therefore be reduced to obtain the percentage of rock that is iron in magnetite. The correction for iron in silicates decreases as the grade increases. Comparison tests on another set of samples had indicated negligible iron introduced by the jaw crusher. Four samples taken in 1959 were crushed and split, part of each sample being ground in the pulverizer and part by hand in a mortar. The following assays indicate a variable, erratic amount of iron introduced by the pulverizer:—• Pulverized Hand-ground Iron Iron Sample No. (Per Cent) (Per Cent) 957 16.78 16.18 958 16.99 16.74 972 49.03 48.70 1000 53.00 52.15 It would appear safe to assume, however, that introduced iron is generally less than 1 per cent of the sample. The relative amounts of iron contributed by the magnetite and the rock silicates is not known with certainty. G. A. Gross, of the Geological Survey of Canada, suggested that an average of 7 per cent of the rock is iron combined in silicates, the balance of the total iron being in magnetite. However, a double determination on one sample gave the following results:—■ Per Cent Total iron 19.78 Acid soluble iron 16.56 Presumed iron in silicates 3.22 A third estimate was obtained by separating the hand-ground fractions of samples 957 and 958 with a hand-magnet then assaying the magnetic concentrate. The figures were considerably below the theoretical percentage of iron in magnetite; therefore, it was assumed that separation was incomplete and silicates were still present in the concentrate. A double calculation indicates that 5.8 and 5.6 per cent of the original samples was iron combined in silicates. This correction decreases to a fraction of 1 per cent as the total iron in the sample rises to 50 per cent. Iron in ilmenite appears to be but a small fraction of 1 per cent of the sample; therefore, it has not been considered. Combining the figures for iron introduced by the pulverizer and iron combined in silicates, it appears that the total iron assays of rock containing appreciable disseminated magnetite should be reduced by from 3.5 to 8.0 per cent to arrive at the iron content contributed by magnetite. A further small correction might have to be made for iron contained in ilmenite. Of elements likely to pose difficulties in the production of iron from the magnetite, spectrochemical analyses disclosed only titanium and zinc. The zinc, like phosphorus and sulphur, appears to be negligible, but titanium is seen from the assays to be significant in every sample. Although the samples were not studied under a microscope, some hints of the possible mineralogy of the titanium can be gained from the following titanium-iron ratios:— LODE METALS 53 Sample Iron Titanium Ti/Fe Per Cent 16.18 16.74 56.36 55.36 49.03 59.53 53.00 60.80 1 Per Cent 1 1.05 1.09 1.27 1.46 1.98 2.12 1.89 | 2.07 0.065 0.065 0.023 0.026 972—machine ground _ 0.040 954—machine ground _. 0.036 0.036 1158—machine ground 0.034 A complete calculation confirms the relatively high ratio in low-grade mag- netitic rock. The figures would suggest that at least a third of the titanium in low- grade rock is combined in silicates. Ilmenite has not been identified, but is suggested by the lower ratios in the magnetic concentrates. Carefully controlled grinding and magnetic separation might be able to eliminate further ilmenite and so reduce the titanium content of the concentrate below 1 per cent. (49° 120° S.W.) The B group comprises seventeen claims B Group located by E. and R. J. Muffin in 1957, extending from the summit of Tanglewood Hill south to Blakeburn Creek. It is reached by 6 miles of logging-road from the coal strip mine at Blakeburn, which is 5V_ miles from Coalmont. A jeep-road leads a further 3 miles west-southwest to Lodestone Lake. The general geology is outlined and the magnetite occurrences are described on pages 47 to 50. In 1957 part of the property near the crest of the hill was surveyed with a magnetometer. In 1958 some of the more promising anomalies were tested by a dozen bulldozed trenches and by sampling, under the direction of R. E. Renshaw. In June and July of 1959, N. H. McDiarmid had some ten holes churn drilled and one hole diamond drilled. The churn-drill holes were sunk to depths ranging from 50 to 150 feet, with the average rather less than 100 feet. The diamond-drill hole was put down at —45 degrees for about 525 feet. R. B. Stokes supervised the drilling and took sludge samples. Gold (49° 120° N.W.) The mine and a pilot mill are on the Wild- El Alamein cat Crown-granted mineral claim, which straddles the Tulameen River 4.5 miles above Tulameen and is owned by V. Golden, of Vancouver. In 1958 N. N. MacKenzie, of Vancouver, obtained an option on a group of adjoining claims held by record by J. Paquette, of New Westminster, and diamond drilled 400 feet in three holes. In 1959 he optioned the Wildcat claim, drilled two additional holes, and prospected the adits. Some scattered visible gold was found in the hangingwall of the upper adit near the face. A grab sample from this place of material containing no visible gold assayed: Gold, 0.31 oz. per ton; silver, trace. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1949, pp. 124-129.] Copper Deep Gulch Mines Ltd. * By J. M. Carr. SIMILKAMEEN RIVER* (49° 120° S.W.) Company office, 1500 Marine Building, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1. R. Collishaw, president; R. B. Stokes, engineer. This company was formed early in 1959 to explore the property held by the former Deep Gulch 54 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Mining Syndicate. It holds about thirty-two recorded claims and fractions on the west side of the Similkameen River near the Hope-Princeton Highway 15 miles south of Princeton. The property includes the Eva, Elm, Ash, Oak, Ivy, Gem, and Pat groups and extends between Friday Creek and Deep Gulch Creek. The main showings are at about 4,000 feet elevation close to Deep Gulch Creek, in the vicinity of mineralized outcrops discovered by J. W. Gallagher in 1952. Eastward the ground drops sharply 1,400 feet to the Similkameen River. Work done in 1958 and 1959 included more than 10,000 lineal feet of bulldozer trenches, together with construction of access roads. One diamond-drill hole 435 feet long and one churn-drill hole were drilled. Some geochemical and geophysical work was done. The main area explored by trenches measures 2,500 feet in a northerly direction and ranges in width from 400 to 1,200 feet. It is underlain principally by syenogabbro, or syenodiorite, and monzonite of the Copper Mountain stock. These rocks contain veins, streaks, and patches of pink orthoclase feldspar. Biotite occurs as a normal constituent of the rocks and also in fractures. White feldspar-pegmatite which forms a core to the stock is exposed in the northeastern trenches and possesses sharp, irregular contacts against monzonite. The best mineralization is exposed in the southern part of the area and consists of bornite and some chalcopyrite as lenses, veinlets, and disseminations accompanying pink feldspar. Partial oxidation has produced malachite and limonite. Pyrite is inconspicuous or absent. Numerous low-grade sections of mineralization are haphazardly exposed in trenches, each of a width measurable in feet or tens of feet. Since most of the feldspar and sulphide veins and some faults strike northeast with steep dips, at least some of the mineralized sections may lie in northeasterly zones. Mineralization is most conspicuous to the west, within about 200 feet of the assumed southern continuation of a major fault. This fault is exposed in the northern part of the area, where it strikes slightly west of north, dips west at 45 degrees, and contains gouge 5 feet thick. It separates syenogabbro or syenodiorite containing some pink feldspar veins and bornite from sheared and sericitized tuffs presumably belonging to the Nicola group. The tuffs are rusty and contain traces of pyrite and malachite. A diamond-drill hole was drilled at —45 degrees westward from the most southwesterly trench with mineralization. Poor recovery was obtained and the hole ended at 435 feet without reaching the expected fault. It intersected some widely spaced lengths of mineralization. In the north part of the area some trenches failed to reach bedrock. The most northerly trenches expose sheared and rusty monzonite, which is cut by offshoots of white feldspar-pegmatite and by a later quartz-porphyry dyke. Pyrite is disseminated in the porphyry as well as in the monzonite, and traces of malachite are present. Two other exposures of quartz-porphyry occur in the area, one being pyritized and sheared. Possibly these dykes are comparable to some of the post-ore dykes at Copper Mountain, 2 miles to the northeast, in which case there may be two periods of mineralization represented on the Deep Gulch property. The first would be associated with pink feldspar veins and biotitization, as at Copper Mountain, and the second, more pyritic mineralization, would be subsequent to the intrusion of quartz-porphyry and felsite dykes. LODE METALS 55 HEDLEY* Gold (49 ° 120° S.E.) Company office, 314, 718 Granville Street, French (French Vancouver 2; mine office, Hedley. W. B. Burnett, president; Mines Ltd.) J. S. Biggs, mine superintendent. The French mine is on the Oregon mineral claim on the east side of Cahill Creek, about 8 miles by road from Hedley. It is at an elevation of 3,900 feet and is reached by a branch from the Nickel Plate road. The property comprises eleven Crown-granted and four recorded claims and fractions. The structural situation is a steep northeast-trending panel of sedimentary rocks to the east of and above the main mass of granodiorite of the district. A band of limy strata of variable width up to 60 feet occurs between fine-grained dark- coloured tuffs in which bedding is hard to see. In the vicinity of the mine the steeply dipping limestone, about 15 to 20 feet wide, rolls sharply to a flattish structure and is much brecciated along what may be a major thrust zone. The ore is in crumpled limy rocks above the main breccia zone and lies below less competent tuff. The structural detail is highly complex and is difficult to decipher because of non-uniform alteration to skarn. The ore is associated with crumples or " spreads " that need to be mapped in extreme detail. The ore is a gold-bearing skarn consisting of garnet and pyroxene. The gold is not associated with sulphide mineralization but occurs free and in conjunction with bismuth telluride. Determination of ore must be made by assay, as it cannot be recognized. In general, a combination of finegrained pinkish-brown garnet and fine streaky green pyroxene assays better than coarser garnetite. A peppering of fine gold is in places visible, occurring in garnet or pyroxene. The ore zone dips in general to the north and has not been found below the west-dipping Cariboo fault. Exploration for extensions and possible repetitions of this ore zone is extremely difficult. The operation averages 45 to 50 tons per day with a mine crew of six men. Ore is trucked to the cyanide mill on the flat east of Hedley. Close sampling must be done at all times, and continuous attention to detail is necessary to stay with the ore. Prior to 1955, when the ore was treated in the Nickel Plate mill, the ore averaged 0.8 ounce gold per ton. Since 1957 under the present company the grade has been somewhat less. The mine is developed from three adit levels—the 3920 level (Kelowna), the 3835 level (Granby), and the 3785 level (Cariboo). In 1959 mining and development was carried out on all three levels. The ore is mined by open stoping and is slushed to transfer raises. The following is a summary of work done in 1959:— Drifting ft. 531 Raising ft. 82 Crosscuts ft. 280 Diamond drilling, underground ft. 4,587 Ore milled tons 15,952 Gold recovered oz. 7,430 A crew of twenty men was employed in all operations—nine underground and eleven on the surface. No important changes were made in the present installations. * By David Smith and M. S. Hedley. 56 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 KEREMEOS* Silver-Gold (49° 119° S.W.) Company office, 1024, 85 Richmond Street Horn Silver West, Toronto 1; mine office, Keremeos. W. L. Hodgson, (Canada Radium president; H. Parliament, resident engineer. The property Corporation includes the Horn Silver and Silver Bell Crown-granted Limited) claims, and seven recorded claims—the Silver Bell 1 to 5 and Silver Bell 7 and 8. Work in 1959 consisted of driving 320 feet of crosscut on the 2620 level in preparation for sampling and diamond drilling. A total of 2,056 feet of underground diamond drilling was completed during the year. Operations were suspended in September, 1959. An average crew of ten was employed. Copper-Molybdenum (49° 119° S.W.) Mine office, Olalla. W. Geminder, man- Golconda ager; G. Thomson, mine foreman. This property consists of (Keremeos Mines the Crown-granted Copper King and seven recorded claims. Ltd.) The property is on the west side of the valley almost directly above Olalla but a distance of 2 miles from it by a road consisting of a series of switch-backs. A mill with a rated capacity of 45 tons per day has been constructed on the property and was in operation at the end of 1959. Electric power is provided by a 100-kva. generator operated by a 280-horsepower diesel. Other construction consists of a 15-ton coarse-ore bin and a 15-ton fine-ore bin. Underground preparation in the old Golconda workings consisted of clean-up, 50 feet of drifting, and 200 feet of raising and slashing in preparation for stoping. An average crew of five was employed. At the year's end about 25 tons of concentrate was stockpiled in readiness for shipment. FAIRVIEW CAMP* Silica-Gold (49° 119° S.W.) Head office, Trail; mine office, P.O. Box Fairview (The Con- 337, Oliver. G. S. Ogilvie, property superintendent. This solidated Mining property consists of thirty-six Crown-granted claims. The and Smelting mine lies about 5 miles to the west of Oliver. Quartz is mined Company of and shipped to Trail for use as flux. All production has been Canada, Limited) from the new stopes on the No. 3 level. Operations were continuous throughout the year, and 26,717 tons of quartz was shipped. Development work included 242 feet of raising and 33 feet of box- holes. A crew of nine men was employed. CAMP McKINNEY* Gold (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 844 West Hastings Street, Cariboo-Amelia Vancouver 1. R. W. Hunstone, president; C. Higgins, super- (H & W Mining intendent. This property consists of the following Crown- Company Limited) granted claims held under option from W. E. McArthur, of Greenwood: Cariboo, Amelia, Alice, Maple Leaf, Emma, Sawtooth, Okanagan, and Wiarton. After the workings had been dewatered, a crosscut was driven 240 feet in the hangingwall of the vein on No. 5 level. The faulted vein was encountered and * By David Smith. LODE METALS 57 was followed for 60 feet with a drift which showed it to be of good grade. The old shaft was inadequate, so a new shaft was raised from No. 4 level at an angle of 85 degrees, taking advantage of an old stope between No. 4 and No. 3 levels. The raise reached surface east of the old shaft. A cement collar was poured and a 65-foot headframe erected with attached coarse-ore bin. A hoistroom was built and a double-drum hoist formerly at the Giant Mascot was installed. Timbering of the raise was started from surface, and at the year's end was completed to some distance below the No. 3 level. On the surface a dry was built to accommodate twenty-five men. The hoistroom was partitioned and an electrically driven 750-cubic-foot compressor installed. A small modern trailer serves as first-aid room and mine office. An average crew of fifteen men was employed. BEAVERDELL* Silver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 604, 789 West Pender Highland-Bell Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Beaverdell. K. J. Springer, (Highland-Bell president; O. S. Perry, manager; J. de Yaeger, mine super- Limited) intendent; R. Ross, mill superintendent. The property consists of thirty-two Crown-granted and four recorded claims. Until July, 1959, two separate sections of the mine were in operation, referred to as the upper and the lower workings. At the end of July the known ore was exhausted from the upper workings and that part of the mine was closed. All production is now obtained from the lower workings, the main haulage being the 2900 adit. In 1959 normal production of 70 to 75 tons per day was maintained. This production came chiefly from the 2900 and 3000 levels. Toward the latter part of the year a winze was completed to the 2800 level and some production is anticipated from this area in 1960. The 3100 level was also started, and a small tonnage is being mined from a single stope on this level. A ventilation and emergency exit connecting the upper and lower workings, a distance of 770 feet, was completed in June. The following is a summary of mining operations for 1959:— Drifting ft. 846 Raising ft. 514 Sinking ft. 143 Diamond drilling ft. 5,294 Ore mined tons 18,029 The mill operated at capacity throughout 1959, the concentrates being shipped to the Trail smelter. An average crew of forty men was employed, of whom twenty-five worked underground. Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 530, 470 Granville Street, Bounty Fraction Vancouver 2. K. E. Wickstrom, president. This property (Sr.er.tr Lee Mines consists of seven Crown-granted claims and fractions—the Ltd.) Standard, Black Diamond, Bounty, Logan, Reco, Black Bess, and the Bounty Fraction, on which the present work is being carried out. The lower adit was completed for a distance of 300 feet and a connection was made with the shaft. On the same level, 100 feet of drifting was done * By David Smith. 58 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 on the ore. The ore is being hand sorted on the surface, and shipments are contemplated in 1960. A crew of four men was employed. Supervision of the property was taken over by D. Sheck in November, 1959. GREENWOOD* Copper-Gold-Silver (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 204, 569 Howe Street, Mother Lode Vancouver 1; mine office, Greenwood. R. A. Brossard, (Consolidated president; C. W. S. Tremaine, manager. This property con- Woodgreen Mines sists of the Mother Lode, Primrose, Crown Silver, Florence, Limited) C.O.D., Sunset, and Sunflower Crown-granted claims. The Mother Lode property was at one time owned by Canada Copper Corporation Ltd. and was the chief source of ore for the Greenwood smelter. In recent years, attention was given to the possible recovery of those sections of the orebody that had been left by the former operators, principally the shaft pillar. It was hoped that additional ore would be uncovered by subsequent exploration. Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited built a 1,000-ton mill in 1956, at the edge of the Mother Lode glory-hole, and commenced milling on January 26th, 1957. Falling copper prices and other factors forced closure in August, and the company went into bankruptcy. Early in 1959 the company was reorganized, and a bankruptcy settlement approved by the Courts was accepted by the creditors. An immediate start was made to resume production, and under the direction of C. W. S. Tremaine the crushing plant was remodelled, the open pit was tidied up, and milling at about 500 tons per day began early in June. Stoppage of operations at the Tacoma smelter due to a strike forced stockpiling at the property for a time, but work proceeded, and milling was at the rate of 650 tons per day at the end of the year. A surface diamond drill was in operation exploring the Sunset ore zone. In addition to the remodelling of the crushing plant and sheeting-in of all conveyor ways, a mine dry building and a building for storage of mine equipment were put up. A crew of thirty-four men was employed at mill and open pit. PHOENIXf Copper-Gold-Silver (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 201, 535 Howe Street, Stemwinder Vancouver 1; mine office, Greenwood. F. J. Hemsworth, (Continental mine manager; R. N. Peltola, mine superintendent. Work Consolidated commenced on this old property in September, 1959. The Mines Ltd.) first level was dewatered, the shaft headframe and shaft tim bers were repaired, existing mine buildings were renovated, and a mine dry was built at the No. 1 adit. Underground mining commenced the last part of November, and a production of about 100 tons per day was maintained until a temporary suspension of operations on the 15th of December. Ore was hoisted to surface and hand trammed to a surface stockpile. By agreement, it is planned that the ore will be concentrated at the near-by Phoenix Copper Company mill. A crew of twenty men was employed. (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 1111 West Georgia Phoenix Copper Street, Vancouver 5; mine office, Phoenix. L. T. Postle, Company Limited president; J. H. Parliament, manager. This property consists of sixty-two claims, of which twenty-eight are Crown * By David Smith and M. S. Hedley. t By David Smith. Snowshoe pit, Phoenix. Phoenix Copper Company Limited. Mother Lode pit, Greenwood. Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited. Ore-bins and conveyors partly visible. 60 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 granted, twenty-seven recorded, and seven leased. Strikes at the Tacoma smelter from April till June and from August until December held up shipments, but concentrate was stockpiled and milling continued at full capacity. At the year's end nearly 3,000 tons of concentrate was stockpiled at the mine. In the spring of 1959, mill construction and the installation of machinery were completed, and the plant was put into production on April 16th. The milling rate for the year averaged about 700 tons per day. During November and December a third ball mill and classifier unit was added, increasing the mill capacity to 1,000 tons per day. Mining was started in the Snowshoe pit in the spring and was continued until mid-December. Stripping of waste and mining of ore were started in the Old Ironsides pit in July. In December the Snowshoe pit was closed for the winter and all production was obtained from the Old Ironsides. No diamond drilling or underground mining was done. Some geological and geophysical work was carried out on claims in the vicinity of the mine. During 1959, 288,667 tons of waste was removed and 183,071 tons of ore transferred to the mill. A total of 175,945 tons was milled in 1959. A total crew of fifty-seven men was employed—twenty on surface, twenty in the open pit, and seventeen in the mill. ROSSLAND* Gold-Copper (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 201, 535 Howe Street, Velvet (Mid-West Vancouver; mine office, Rossland. M. F. Maxwell, presi- Copper & Uranium dent; G. G. Sullivan, superintendent. Capital: 4,000,000 Mines Ltd.) shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns the old Velvet mine on the Rossland-Cascade Highway, 13 miles west of Rossland. A small crew started preparatory work in the middle of May. Mine and mill were rehabilitated, a new powder-house was erected, and the change-house was moved from the upper to the lower portal. A development programme was started at the end of June, and 200 feet of drifting and 136 feet of raising were completed. Diamond drilling on Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 levels totalled 1,865 feet. Stoping was carried out in two stopes above No. 7 level. Where encountered, chalcopyrite mineralization was relatively massive, but the walls were indefinite. The ore was mined with jacklegs and slushers, slashing and benching. The ore on No. 8 level was trammed to the coarse-ore bin, crushed, and conveyed to the fine-ore bin. From the fine-ore bin it was transported by a gravity tram to the 150-ton mill in the bottom of Sheep Creek valley. Milling started on September 22nd on a one-shift basis, five days a week, but was suspended on November 16th due to winter conditions. The mill treated 1,750 tons of ore, producing 67 tons of copper concentrates. The average number of men employed during the production period was thirty-four. TRAIL* Gold (49° 117° S.W.) This prospect is on the west side of the W.D. Columbia River, 3 miles south of Trail, and is owned by E. Wells and F. Donelly, of Trail. It was at one time known as the Casino Red Cap. During the year, mining was carried out on a part-time basis by the owners and three lessees. Mining was done on a small quartz vein which strikes in a southerly direction and is nearly vertical. A small amount of * By J. D. McDonald. LODE METALS 61 development work was done, and some stoping. Ore mined was shipped to the Trail smelter, where payment was made on the silica content. Production: Ore shipped, 265 tons. Gross content: Gold, 126 oz.; silver, 42 oz. NELSON* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.E.) This property consists of five recorded Big Mac claims owned by R. Pond and R. McCandlish, of Nelson. It is on the south side of Selous Creek, about 3 miles south of Nelson, and extends east from the Great Northern Railroad tracks. Trenching has uncovered some high-grade zinc showings in a zone that has been traced over a short distance. Snow prevented further work on the property. Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc YMIR* (49° 117° S.E.) Company office, 117 West Broadway, Goodenough, Ymir Waukesha, Wisconsin; mine office, Ymir. This company (Americonda holds under option the Goodenough and Ymir mines on Ymir Mines Limited) Creek, 6 miles by road northeast of Ymir. During the summer No. 2 and No. 4 adits were retimbered and track was repaired. A small amount of raising was done on No. 2 level. Two men were employed. Gold-Silver (49° 117° S.E.) George Powell and Lewis E. Lunde op- Tamarac tioned this property on October 1st to Pacific Western Metals Ltd. Head office, Rodgers Building, 470 Granville Street, Vancouver. D. Humphreys, president. Previous to the option Powell and Lunde retimbered the main shaft. About 200 tons of ore was crushed and beneficiated, yielding $30 per ton in gold. Some stripping with a bulldozer was done, uncovering a new lead. SALMO* Gold Sheep Creek (49° 117° S.E.) This mine, which was formerly part of the Reno holdings in Nugget the Sheep Creek area, is owned and operated by A. Endersby, of Fruitvale. A small amount of stoping and development was carried on intermittently during the year. Aspen Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, Trail; mine office, Salmo. J. C. MacLean, H.B. (The Consoli- property superintendent; H. G. Barker, mine superintendent; dated Mining and N. Doyle, mill superintendent. The H.B. mine is on the west Smelting Company side of Aspen Creek, with the main camp located on the north of Canada, Limited) side of Sheep Creek, 7 miles by road from Salmo. Zinc-lead replacement orebodies in dolomite have been developed by two adits connected by an interior two-compartment vertical shaft. The hoistroom is on the 3500 level, and the main haulage is the lowest or 2800 level. Long ore- pass systems extend from the 2800 level to the ore zones. The main orebodies strike north, are steeply dipping, and are roughly parallel to each other, about 150 feet apart; in cross-section they appear lenticular, and the sides are nearly vertical. The • By J. D. McDonald. 62 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 average width is 50 feet, and the maximum height is 350 feet. Development work over a period of years has outlined the No. 1 or east orebody for a length of 1,400 feet. The main production has been from this orebody. The No. 2 or west orebody was being mined over a length of 600 feet. Additional ore was being mined in two flat-lying ore zones—the X-l zone adjacent to and west of No. 1 orebody and the X-2 zone below and south of X-l. Another zone, No. 4, being developed, lies between No. 1 and No. 2 zones and dips at varying angles to the east from the top of No. 2 zone to the bottom of No. 1 zone. Stoping in No. 1 and No. 2 ore zones is by blast holes and slusher drifts. The other zones are mined by conventional jackleg stoping methods and scraping to ore-passes. Some difficulty was encountered in No. 1 zone due to sloughing at the top of the ore zone, causing dilution. Corrective measures have been taken to arch the back of the stope in the blast-hole layouts. Development: Drifting, subdrifting, and crosscuts, 4,860 feet; raising, 3,467 feet. The milling rate averaged 38,625 tons per month, with a total production of 463,504 tons, the highest in the Nelson district. The number of men employed as of December 31st was 118, of whom fifty-four were employed underground. The mine-rescue team trained regularly underground and competed in the West Kootenay competition. An outstanding record in the mining industry was achieved, with no lost-time accidents of more than six days' duration during 1958 and 1959. At the end of 1959 this property had gone 630 days without a single lost-time accident. This performance won for the mine the Dominion and Regional John T. Ryan Safety Trophies for 1958 and 1959. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 41, 1959, pp. 101-103.] This property consists of ten Crown-granted and three re- Aspen (Salmo- corded claims. It is on Aspen Creek, 3 miles by road north Malartic Mines, of the H.B. mine. The deposit is a zinc-lead replacement in Limited) the Reeves limestone. The property was optioned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, who completed 1,774 feet of surface diamond drilling and 1,596 feet of underground diamond drilling. The option was dropped in November. Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc This property consists of ten recorded claims owned by F. W. Double " B " Group Cartwright and Son, of Nelson. It is on Hedgehog Creek, east of the H.B. mine. Approximately 1 mile of road leads to the present workings. In 1959, 550 feet of diamond drilling was done and some open-cuts and stripping were prepared for further drilling. The cores of finely banded graphitic argillaceous rock show disseminated pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and minor chalcopyrite, and are reported to contain values in gold and silver. The mineralization is apparently extensive. Iron Mountain (49° 117° S.E.) Lead-Zinc-Tungsten Head office, 700 Burrard Building, Vancouver; mine office, Jersey, etc. Salmo. G. A. Gordon, general manager; J. D. Little, assis- (Canadian Explora- tant general manager; C. M. McGowan, plant superintendent; tion Limited) R. G. Weber, mine superintendent; H. A. Steane, general mill superintendent; E. A. Erickson, superintendent, lead-zinc concentrator. This company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Placer Development Limited. The Emerald, Feeney, Dodger, and Jersey mines, the tungsten concen- LODE METALS 63 trator, and the main camp are located on the summit between Sheep Creek and Lost Creek. The property is reached by two roads which leave the Nelson-Nelway Highway 4 and 5Vi miles respectively south of Salmo. The lead-zinc concentrator is alongside the Nelson-Nelway Highway and is served from the mine by a series of conveyors. There was no tungsten production in 1959. The Emerald was the last tungsten mine to close on July 31st, 1958. All production came from the Jersey lead-zinc mine. The ore zones occur in dolomitized limestone along folds which plunge gently to the south. Seven ore zones are now recognized. From west to east they are: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Track mining is being used in A, C, and D zones and trackless in A, D, E, F, and G zones. Much of the ore now being developed is in relatively thin, steeply dipping beds, and is mined by conventional open-stoping with jacklegs and slushers. About 35 per cent of the ore is being mined by trackless methods, 40 per cent with jackleg stoping in the trackless section, the remaining 25 per cent comes from the track section of the mine. Trackless haulage is via the 4200 adit to the ore-pass to the underground crusher on the Emerald 3800 level. The main haulage in the track mine is on the 4000 level, where a diesel-electric locomotive transports the ore to the ore-pass system to the underground crusher. Development of ore in the south "A" zone, below 4000 level, was carried out by sinking a winze, the south "A" winze, 6 by 9 feet at —32 degrees for 240 feet. A 2-ton modified Granby-type car is being used as a skip, dumping into a bin above the track on the 4000 level. The ventilation system was improved by the completion of a new drift, 74g, and connecting raise to it from the 4400 Dodger level. This will increase the efficiency of the rated 150,000-cubic-feet-per-minute capacity of the ventilation system. The flow of this system is reversible. The concentrator treated 325,564 tons of ore during 1959, an average of 27,130 tons per month. Tailings were impounded in the tailings pond near the Salmo River. A mine-rescue team practises regularly in the mine, and competed in the West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition. The property had an excellent safety record, with only one lost-time accident. The average number of men employed was 154, with fifty-nine working underground. This property, comprising eighteen Crown-granted mineral Tungsten King claims and fractions, is adjoined on the north by the Emerald and Jersey holdings of Canadian Exploration Limited and on the south by the Truman holdings of American Zinc, Lead and Smelting Company. The claims are owned by L. R. Clubine, of Salmo, and R. O. and E. Oscarson, of Spokane, Wash. The property is 2 miles from the Nelson-Nelway Highway by way of the Lost Creek road. Stripping with a bulldozer was done during the summer, exposing some new showings. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 41, 1959, pp. 152-154.] NELWAY* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 413 Granville Street, Reeves MacDonald Vancouver 2; mine office, Remac. W. L. Zeigler, Metaline Mines Limited Falls, Wash., general manager; L. M. Kinney, Metaline Falls, Wash., general superintendent; F. R. Thompson, property * By J. D. McDonald. 64 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 superintendent; J. Kozar, mine superintendent; J. S. Steele, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns the Reeves Mac- Donald mine on the Pend d'Oreille River, on the Nelway-Waneta road 4 miles west of Nelway. Lead-zinc replacement bodies in limestone have been developed from the main haulage or 1900 level. The ore consists of bands, lenses, and disseminated grains of pyrite, honey-coloured sphalerite, and galena in dolomite. The mine has four orebodies which are being mined. They are the Reeves, B.L., O'Donnell, and No. 4 orebodies and are faulted segments of a single zone. The Reeves orebody, 3,500 feet from the 1900 portal, is almost mined out above the 1900 level. Above this level it is serviced by an internal 55-degree shaft extending from the 1900 level to the 2650 level. The lower section of the Reeves orebody is serviced by a 52-degree inclined winze in the footwall of the orebody. The winze was steepened to 62 degrees at the 1300 level to keep under the ore, and was bottomed at the 1100 level. From this development, No. 3 shaft was raised from the 1100 level, and timbering was completed from the 1900 level to the 1100 level. A main hoist was installed in the 1900 level hoistroom. Ore pockets were cut and timbered in No. 3 shaft. The 1900 level was extended beneath No. 4 orebody. The main ore production came from the O'Donnell zone, lesser amounts being obtained from the Reeves and B.L. areas above the 1900 level. Mining is by blast- holes drilled from an undercut which is slashed to the ore boundaries. Improved costs are being obtained by increasing the size of the blast-holes and increasing the burden on the holes. The mill operated continuously at an average rate of 36,000 tons per month. Concentrates were shipped to smelters in the United States for the first part of the year, and later to the Trail smelter. Mine-rescue and first-aid classes were held at the mine, with a mine-rescue team competing in the West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition. The number of men employed was 120. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 41, 1959, pp. 139-146.] NORTH KOOTENAY LAKE* Riondel (49° 116° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, Trail; mine office, Riondel. D. S. Camp- Bluebell (The Con- bell, property superintendent; J. B. Donald, mine superinten- solidated Mining dent; T. F. Walton, mill superintendent. This property is at and Smelting Riondel on a small peninsula on the east shore of Kootenay Company of Lake, 6 miles by road north from the trans-provincial highway Canada, Limited) at Kootenay Bay ferry landing. The ore deposits are sulphide replacements in a limestone band about 100 feet thick, striking north and dipping 35 to 38 degrees to the west, under the lake. There are three separate ore zones—the Kootenay Chief on the south end, Bluebell in the centre, and Comfort to the north. The early history of this mine was given in the Annual Report for 1949, in which year the company started an extensive development programme. The mine is serviced by No. 1 shaft, which is inclined at 35 degrees. This shaft is 7 by 20 feet to a point above No. 5 level, where it was widened to 7 by 22 feet for use of the manway as a sinking compartment. It is completely timbered for its entire length of 1,625 feet. The levels are at intervals of 150 vertical feet. In sinking No. 1 shaft from No. 8 to No. 9 level in 1956 a heavy flow of thermal * By J. D. McDonald. LODE METALS 65 water, with large quantities of C02 gas, was encountered just below No. 8 level. It was found necessary to seal off this flow with a 90-cubic-yard concrete plug just below No. 8 level. The present development programme is the sinking of No. 2 winze from No. 8 level (elevation, 960 feet) to No. 9a level (elevation, 735 feet) through the foot- wall argillite. Two hundred and twenty-five feet of sinking has been completed, with 110 feet remaining. Pump stations will be established at No. 9a level, and drifting to a point below the downward extension of No. 1 shaft will follow. From this point a number of 4-inch diamond-drill holes will tap the thermal zone and the water will be led off by pipe, pumped to No. 5 level sump, and thence to surface. When the water-level of the thermal zone has dropped sufficiently, No. 1 shaft will be raised to No. 8 level. No. 2 winze was extended to No. 6 level by raising from No. 8 level. An arrangement of a dump door, raise, pocket, and chute allows the transfer of sinking muck directly to the muck skip in No. 1 shaft. The hoist for No. 2 winze is on No. 6 level. Development work was confined to the Kootenay Chief and Comfort ore zones. The drift on No. 5 level north to the Comfort zone was completed, and raising in the ore from No. 5 level to No. 2 level is now under way. Primary development on No. 8 level has been hampered by thermal water. The 10- by 10-foot ventilation raise from No. 6 to No. 5 level was completed. Development work in 1959 was as follows: 2,546 feet of drifting, 3,659 feet of crosscutting, 3,797.5 feet of raising, and 1,327 feet of timbering. Diamond drilling consisted of 22,734 feet of exploratory drilling on No. 5 level Comfort zone, No. 8 level Kootenay Chief zone, and the remainder on various levels gathering additional information. Production was mainly from the Kootenay Chief zone, although some production came from No. 2 level Comfort zone. A start was made on recovery of longitudinal pillars in the upper levels. Recovery was started on a sill pillar in No. 1 level below one of the old gravel-filled stopes. A total of 60,531 cubic yards of backfill was placed in empty stopes. This amount was composed of 257 cubic yards of gravel, 8,467 cubic yards of mine waste, and 51,807 cubic yards of deslimed tailings. Deslimed tailings are now used for fill in all the cut-and-fill stopes, and are delivered to the stopes through a system of 4-inch-diameter drill-holes and 4-inch-diameter plastic pipe. The ore-passes in the stopes are 4 feet in diameter, J/4-inch rolled mild steel plate, in half sections bolted together; these are raised along with the fill during filling operations. Filling of the mined-out shrinkage stopes in the Comfort zone is being carried out by pumping deslimed tailings a distance of 3,800 feet from the storage tank, through a 4-inch plastic pipe laid along the surface; there is a booster pump in series at about 1,500 feet from the tank. In December, 1959, the average amount of water pumped was 3,416 imperial gallons per minute. The capacity of No. 5 level pump station remained the same, but the capacity of No. 8 level pump station is being increased with the installation of two additional 300-horsepower 1,000-gallons-per- minute pumps. Water is discharged to surface through two 12-inch-diameter pipes which follow the No. 1 shaft manway. The induced ventilation of the mine was maintained at 150,000 cubic feet of air per minute. Local changes are made as development and stoping progress. C02-contaminated areas are localized and kept well under control. Ventilation of development headings is by 19- and 24-inch aerofoil dual-duty fans. An addition to the compressor-house was completed, and two 375-kva. diesel generating units were installed for stand-by power. These two units, together with the 150-kva. unit for the main fans, give installed capacity of 900 kva. for stand-by power. 66 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Mine-rescue and first-aid classes were held. Two mine-rescue teams competed in the West Kootenay competition at Castlegar. The team, captained by B. Ramage, was successful in winning the West Kootenay competition and competed in the Provincial competition in Kamloops. The average number of persons employed was 289, of whom 168 were employed underground. The concentrator treated 251,366 tons of ore, or 689 tons per calendar day. Ainsworth (49° 116° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Highlander, etc. (Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited) Company office, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver 2; mine office, Ainsworth. H. M. Turner, of Western Mines Limited, is managing the property; C. Anderson, mill superintendent. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company controls most of the mineral claims lying between Coffee and Cedar Creeks. The property was closed December 12th, 1958, and since then has been worked by lessees. The mill operated part time, milling ore from lessees of Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited, Western Mines Limited, and Caledonia Mines Limited. A three-man crew was employed on a part-time basis. Milled in 1959 Silver Lead Zinc Western Mines Limited—■ Tons 720 3,270 5,880 Oz. 1,156 6,685 10,799 Lb. 118,851 439,679 760,934 Lb. 65,074 Florence 180,168 211,130 Totals 9,870 18,640 1,319,464 456,372 Banker.—P. Gilchrist and C. Hartland, leasing the Banker vein, hand-sorted ore and shipped it to Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 142 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,465 oz.; lead, 184,931 lb.; zinc, 11,499 lb. Highlander.—T. G. Laughton and partners worked on the 2150 adit level, cleaning down old stopes and removing pillars. The main work was done at the north end of 2150 north drift. Production: Ore milled, 5,880 tons; lead ore shipped, 44 tons. Company office, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; mine Kootenay Florence, office, Ainsworth. H. M. Wright, president; H. M. Turner, Lakeshore superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. (Western Mines This company owns a large group of mineral claims lying Limited) south of Lendrum Creek and astride Princess Creek. The mine plant and mill are on the Nelson-Kaslo Highway 2 miles north of Ainsworth. Lessees N. B. Sirak and partners mined in the Kootenay Florence during the early part of the year. In the Lakeshore they did 200 feet of raising and crosscutting in ore on No. 2 and No. 3 levels. Diamond drilling amounted to 285 feet, some new ore being found 60 feet south of 9370 crosscut on No. 2 level. The ore was trucked to the Yale Lead & Zinc mill and the concentrates were shipped to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore milled, 3,990 tons. LODE METALS 67 WOODBURY CREEK* Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 1170 N.E.) Company office, 1519 Marine Building, Scranton (Scranton 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1. A. A. Loeb, president; Mines Limited) C. J. Bailer, general manager. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns the Scranton group of claims in Kokanee Glacier Park, astride Pontiac Creek, a tributary of Woodbury Creek. The mine camp is on Pontiac Creek, at an elevation of 5,600 feet, and is reached by 11 Vi miles of road from a point on the Nelson-Kaslo Highway 8 miles south of Kaslo. One man was employed reopening the mine road and stripping on the Pontiac claims. Plans are to reopen the mine in the spring of 1960. PADDY PEAK* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 717 West Pender Street, Utica (Lajo Vancouver 1; mine office, Kaslo. J. A. Cooper, manager. Mines Limited) This company holds a long-term lease on the Utica mine (which had been operated under lease from 1953 to 1956 by J. A. Cooper) from Utica Mines (1937) Limited. The mine is at the head of Twelve Mile Creek, about 15 miles by road from Kaslo. The main haulage level is No. 7 adit (elevation, 5,950 feet), with a diesel locomotive hauling to the coarse-ore bin on surface. Development work during the year consisted of 350 feet of drifting and 360 feet of raising. No. 5 level drift was extended 300 feet to the south to check the downward extension of the veins on No. 1 and No. 2 levels. Another 200 feet is to be driven. Raising consisted of a 250-foot ore-pass from No. 7 level to No. 5 level and the remainder was stope development above No. 5 level. Milling is to begin in January, 1960, in the 50-ton mill on the property. Nine men were employed at the end of the year. A new section of road was completed in December. This goes above the rock bluffs and is a considerable improvement. RETALLACK-THREE FORKS* Silver-Lead-Zinc Caledonia (Caledonia Mines Limited) (50° 117° S.E.) Company office, 609 Baker Street, Nelson; mine office, Kaslo. Charles Lind, Kaslo, president and manager. Capital: 100,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company had under option the Caledonia mine near Blaylock from G. E. McCready, of Kaslo. No. 3 adit was driven north 38 degrees east from the old Kaslo-New Denver Highway a distance of 624 feet, where the ore zone was intersected. Drifting was done for about 100 feet along the vein, which was irregular. This section of vein is 200 feet below the vein in No. 2 adit; it has the same strike, south 80 degrees east, and an apparent dip of 80 degrees to the south. Three hundred tons of ore from No. 2 adit was shipped to the Yale Lead & Zinc concentrator. The option on the property was dropped in October. Texas, Cowboy, Fourth of July, etc. (Lucky Edd Mines Limited).—(50° 117° S.E.) Company office, Edmonton, Aha.; mine office, Retallack. P. E. Col- thorp, manager; H. E. Singel, superintendent. This company has optioned a group of Crown-granted mineral claims at the headwaters of Robb Creek, a tributary of Kaslo River. * By J. D. McDonald. 68 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 (50° 117° S.E.) The Snap claim and the Lucky Jim mine Snap, Lucky Jim at Zincton are leased to a group known as the Lucky Four Leasers under the direction of Richard E. Martin, of New Denver. The Snap is owned by J. L. Drumheller, of Spokane, Wash., and the Lucky Jim by Sheep Creek Mines Limited, of Nelson. A shipment of 504 tons of ore was trucked to the Carnegie mill at Sandon. SANDON* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° n.e.) Company address, 406 Canadian Bank of Silver Mountain Commerce Building, Calgary; mine office, Sandon. A. C. Mines, Ltd. Weich, president; Ted Kleim, manager. Capital: 20,000 shares, no par value. This company controls the old Reco property of twenty-six Crown-granted claims and fractions, and holds two recorded claims on the south slope of Reco Mountain. The property adjoins the east boundary of the Cody-Reco property. Access is by 2 miles of road from Cody to a new adit at 5,300 feet elevation, which has been designated No. 16 adit in relation to the near-by Cody-Reco workings. The company did 90 feet of raising and 40 feet of drifting. This property was leased to E. Bordula and three partners during the summer. Production was 552 tons, which was concentrated at the Carnegie mill. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street Silversmith, etc. West, Toronto; mine office, New Denver. George A. Mac- (Carnegie Mining Millan, president; J. C. Black, manager. Capital: 5,000,000 Corporation shares, no par value. In January, 1958, by terms of an agree- Limited) ment with Violamac Mines Limited, Carnegie Mines of British Columbia, Ltd., was reorganized to form Carnegie Mining Corporation Limited. This company owns forty-six Crown-granted and six recorded claims and fractions, property that includes the Silversmith, Slocan Star, Richmond- Eureka, Ruth-Hope, and Slocan King mines on Sandon Creek, south of Sandon. The Richmond-Eureka was leased to E. Perepolkin, L. Fried, and A. Maxinuk. The main work was done on the northeast limits of the orebody between No. 6 and No. 4 levels. Production was 534 tons of mill-feed, which produced 46 tons of lead concentrates and 101 tons of zinc concentrates. In addition, 14 tons of lead ore was shipped to the Trail smelter. The Ruth mine was leased to E. and J. Perepolkin and L. Fried. Production was from two sublevels which were driven off the main raise connecting No. 3 and No. 4 levels. Mill-feed of 540 tons produced 26 tons of lead concentrates and 155 tons of zinc concentrates. In addition, 18 tons of lead ore was shipped to Trail. The Hope mine was leased to E. H. Petersen and A. Maxinuk. Extensive stripping was done with a bulldozer in the vicinity of No. 4 and No. 1 portals. A hangingwall vein, discovered near No. 4 portal, was followed by a drift for 20 feet and produced 2 tons of lead ore. The concentrator, employing a crew of three men, milled 7,747 tons of ore, of which 5,990 tons was the production from the Victor mine and 2,130 tons was from the various lessees in the district. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street Victor (Violamac West, Toronto; mine office, New Denver. Mrs. Viola Mac- Mines Limited) Millan, president; J. C. Black, manager, western operations. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company * Bv J. D. McDonald. LODE METALS 69 owns the Victor mine, 2lA by road northwest of Sandon, or 21/-. miles by road southeast of Three Forks. Development and stoping continued in the west end of No. 5 level. A raise was driven from the 4150 sublevel under the western productive section of No. 5 level, and from this two sublevels were driven 150 and 50 feet. The first was 25 feet and the second was 50 feet below No. 5 level. In the same area a second raise was driven, and a sublevel was established 30 feet above No. 5 level. On No. 7 level 130 feet of crosscutting was done to complete the work that was started the previous year to by-pass a section of heavy ground. Production was 6,028 tons of mill-feed, which produced 703 tons of lead concentrates and 896 tons of zinc concentrates. In addition, 39 tons of crude lead- silver ore was shipped to Trail. The main production was from the No. 5 west section, the remainder coming from the Victor orebody adjacent to No. 7 level. The average number of men employed was nineteen. There were no lost-time accidents during the year. (49° 117° n.E.) Company office, 373 Baker Street, Nel- Wonderful (Silver son. H. F. Magnuson, Wallace, Idaho, president. Capital: Ridge Mining 5,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns Company Limited) a large group of claims southwest of Sandon. The claims lie between the holdings of Violamac Mines Limited and those of the Carnegie Mining Corporation Limited. Early in 1959 Violamac Mines Limited obtained a lease on this property, and the short adit 100 feet above No. 2 level, started in 1958 by R. McLanders, was extended 56 feet. Production from this work was 11 tons of lead ore, shipped to the Trail smelter. Lone Bachelor (Lone Bachelor Mines Limited) (49° 117° N.E.) This company is controlled by Violamac Mines Limited, which owns the adjoining Victor property. The mine was leased to E. Perepolkin, L. Fried, E. DeRosa, and V. C. Hanson in the latter part of 1959. A 7-foot winze was sunk on No. 2 vein from No. 4 level, the bottom level in the mine. Production was 18 tons of lead ore. Mill-feed was stockpiled. SLOCAN LAKE* Silver-Lead-Zinc Mammoth, Standard, Monarch, Enterprise (Western Exloration (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.; mine office, Silverton. M. P. McCullough, Chicago, president; A. M. Ham, Silverton, managing director; J. M. McDearmid, manager; R. A. Avison, mine superintendent; C. E. Towgood, mill superintendent. Capital: Company Limited) 2,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. A management contract is held by H. L. Hill and Associates, consulting mining engineers, Vancouver. The company owns the Mammoth, Monarch, and Standard mines near Silverton, and the Enterprise mine on Enterprise Creek, 12J/_ miles by road south of Silverton. The operations of Western Exploration Company Limited were suspended on June 20th, 1959. Prior to the suspension of operations considerable development work was done. The road to No. 12 adit portal was widened and a surface ore-bin was built. On No. 12 level the downward extension of the Mammoth ore zone was reached by the 2,600-foot-long crosscut which was driven parallel to the Buffalo vein. The Mammoth lode was found to contain the same sort of mineralization as had been mined above No. 9 level. A limited amount of drifting was done and a 51-degree raise to * By J.D. McDonald. 70 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 No. 9 level was started in the footwall of the lode. A station was cut at 170 feet, and the raise was 180 feet long when work ceased. Oxygen deficiency prevents access to the raise unless ventilation is provided. While operating, twenty-one men were employed underground and seven were employed widening the road. There was no production. The 250-ton concentrator remained idle. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 511, 850 West Hastings Bosun (New Street, Vancouver 1. R. Crowe-Swords, president. Capital: Santiago Mines 3,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. The Bosun mine is on Limited) the east shore of Slocan Lake, Wz miles south of New Den ver on the Nelson-Nakusp Highway. The main haulage, No. 6 adit, is driven beneath the highway from a site 40 feet above the lake. W. H. McLeod, of Silverton, with the aid of two partners, is sinking a winze on the main vein to a proposed depth of 100 feet. (49° 117° n.E.) Frank Mills, of Silverton, holds a lease Galena Farm on this mine, 2 miles by road south of Silverton. Mining was done on a short vein east of the " Camels Hump " stope on the main vein. The ore is by-passed down to the main level and trammed to the ore-bin at the old mill-site. The ore was trucked to the Western Exploration concentrator, where it was stockpiled. (49° 117° n.e. ) This property is owned by J. A. Cullinane, Westmont (Silver of the Ellis Syndicate of Nelson. It consists of nine Crown- King Mines granted mineral claims and fractions on the north side of Limited) Enterprise Creek, opposite the Enterprise mine. Silver King Mines Limited had an option on this property but dropped it in the summer of 1959. Approximately 210 tons of ore was shipped. Silver-Lead-Zinc NORTH LARDEAU* Ferguson (50° 117° N.E.) Black Warrior, Elsmere.—This property, owned by J. Main, of Ferguson, is at the headwaters of Ferguson Creek, 10 miles by trail from Ferguson. Minor repairs were made on the trail. Hall Creek (50° 117° N.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc J. Gallo, of Howser, owns the Bannockburn group of Crown- Bannockburn granted mineral claims. The Shelagh group of five adjoining mineral claims is owned by Sheep Creek Mines Limited. This property is on the south side of the headwaters of Hall Creek, a tributary of Duncan River, about 19 miles north of the head of Duncan Lake, on the northeast side of Mount Abbott. The property is reached by 17 miles of road from a point on the Lardeau-Gerrard Highway, about 3 miles south of Gerrard, up Healy Creek to the summit into Hall Creek basin. During the summer a new road, about 3 miles long, was built from the summit down to Bannockburn Creek. J. Gallo, of Howser, owns the Wagner group of Crown- Wagner granted mineral claims on the north side of the headwaters of Hall Creek, a tributary of Duncan River. The property * By J. D. McDonald. LODE METALS 71 is reached by the same road that provides access to the Bannockburn group. A cat- road was built in 1959 from the summit north to the claims. No work was done on the claims due to the heavy snow-pack remaining. SOUTH LARDEAU* Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 116° S.W.) Company office, Trail. Property super- J.G. (The Consoli- intendent, J. J. McKay. This company has an option from dated Mining and Joe Gallo and associates, of Howser, on a group of about Smelting Company fifty mineral claims extending north from Glacier Creek to of Canada, the north end of the peninsula on the east side of Duncan Limited) Lake. The claims are mostly held by record; one on the south end of the peninsula is Crown granted (Lot 14371) and eight claims straddling the ridge north of Glacier Creek are held by the company as a retention lease. The property, once known as the Amato-Ruby and Glacier groups, in recent years has been called the J.G. and is referred to by the company as the Duncan property. The claims cover a band of limestone mineralized with galena and sphalerite. The showings over a strike length of about 5 miles have been explored from time to time by trenching, diamond drilling, and underground work (see Annual Report, 1952, p. A 192). The most extensive underground working is an adit driven in 1952 on the slope north of Glacier Creek. The present exploration by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, was started in 1957. Geological mapping in 1957 and mapping and diamond drilling in 1958 disclosed an extensive zone of lead-zinc mineralization. Drilling was continued in 1959, and an adit was driven on the peninsula to crosscut the mineralized zone. Mineralization is in a band of limestone a few hundred feet thick that strikes about north 15 degrees west and dips steeply to the east. It is on the eastern limb of an overturned anticline plunging gently to the north. Quartzites, micaceous quartzites, and phyllites which occupy the core of the anticline underlie the limestone, and dark-grey phyllite and argillite which are found on the limbs of the anticline overlie the limestone. The limestone is correlated with the Badshot formation, the underlying quartzites with the upper part of the Hamill series, and the overlying phyllites and argillites with the lower part of the Lardeau series (see Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 161 and Map 12-1957). Close geological work by the company has established details of the stratigraphic succession that have facilitated the interpretation of diamond-drill data and the defining of mineralized zones. A series of phyllite, quartzite, and calcareous rocks containing recognizable markers is immediately below the limestone. The limestone itself contains beds and lenses of dolomite and dark-grey to black siliceous dolomite, which to some extent have affected mineralization. Mineralization on the ridge north of Glacier Creek is in the lower part of the limestone formation and appears to form lenses with long axes plunging gently northward parallel to the plunge of dragfolds and nearly parallel to the northwest slope of the ridge. Considerable exploration of the showings has been carried on in the past, and in 1959 four holes were drilled near the crest of the ridge and on the northwest slope almost 1,500 feet in elevation above Duncan Lake. Continuity of the sulphide lenses in depth in a direction at right angles to the plunge was not established. ; By J. D. McDonald and J. T. Fyles. 72 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Diamond drilling on the peninsula discovered a zone containing sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and very minor pyrrhotite extending across the peninsula parallel to the formational trend. In the northern part of the peninsula, where most exploration has been done, the sulphides appear to be localized in a breccia dipping steeply to the east. The limits of the mineralized zone are not known, but drilling results have been encouraging enough for the company to begin underground exploration. In the summer of 1959 an adit was collared on the west side of the peninsula at an elevation of about 1,800 feet, 35 feet above the level of Duncan Lake. The adit was driven east for a distance of 990 feet to the mineralized zone. Drifts were then extended to the north and to the south along the strike. The main part of the drifting has been to the south. Crosscuts to the west for diamond drilling are being completed at regular intervals. Drilling commenced in November. Drifting and crosscutting in 1959, 2,469 feet; underground diamond drilling in 1959, 1,744 feet. Ventilation is by a 19-inch dual-duty reversible aerofoil fan, rated 5,000 c.f.m. at 9.6-inch water-gauge, with 24-inch-diameter 20-gauge fan pipe. An additional 19-inch fan will be installed in series when required. Transportation is by a 38- horsepower diesel locomotive using 3-ton V-cars. Drilling is done with a 3-boom jumbo using carbide bits. Three-man mining crews average 8 feet of advance per shift. The mine and camp-site is 4 miles by boat north of Howser. Until November, 1959, the only means of access to the property was by water. All building material, equipment, fuel, and other supplies were transported from Howser on log rafts equipped with two outboard motors. Seven miles of new road extending north from the road on the east side of Duncan Lake to the mine was completed in November. One mile of the old road along the lake was widened. From Howser the road to the mine runs 2 miles south to the bridge at the south end of the lake, 1 mile east from the bridge, and 9 miles north along the lake and across the peninsula. The buldings at the mine camp are prefabricated. The shop, compressor, and diesel generator buildings are of galvanized-steel construction; the warehouse and office, cook-house, change-house, bunk-house, and two residences are of prefabricated plywood-panel construction. At the end of 1959 there were twenty-three men employed plus five diamond- drillers working underground. There were no lost-time accidents. Additional work was done on the surface at the south end of the property. During the summer 2,728 feet of surface drilling was done, an average of eleven men being employed. [References: Walker, J. F., Bancroft, M. F., and Gunning, H. C, Lardeau map-area, British Columbia, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 161 (1929); Reesor, J. E., Lardeau (East Half), Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 12-1957; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1952, p. A 192.] Lead-Zinc (50° 116° S.W.) Company office, Trail. Prospecting during Mag (The Consoli- the summer of 1959 by this company has discovered, south of dated Mining and Glacier Creek, lead-zinc mineralization similar to that on the Smelting Com- J.G. property. It occurs in the same band of limestone and pany of Canada, in a repetition of this limestone on the western limb of the Limited) anticline referred to in the report on the J. G. As a result of this prospecting, the Consolidated company located nine- LODE METALS 73 teen claims astride the ridge between Glacier and Hamill Creeks, AV2 miles by road southeast of Howser and 24_ miles east by access road. A portion of the property covers claims previously known as the Bonaventure on the south side of Glacier Creek, and the Al and High Hope on the north side of Hamill Creek. Approximately 4,000 feet of a proposed 2I/_-mile access road was constructed late in the fall. CRESTON* Gold-Copper-Tungsten (49° 116° S.E.) Mr. and Mrs. R. T. Drury, of Kitchener, Option hold twenty-five claims 2 miles east of Kitchener and one-half mile north of the main highway to Cranbrook. Pits have been dug exposing four separate veins. On the north end of the claims there are two quartz veins, 4 to 6 feet wide, striking north 30 degrees west and dipping steeply to the northeast. These veins appear to be parallel. On the south end there are two veins which appear to be shear zones, 4 to 8 feet wide, striking north 10 degrees west and dipping steeply to the north. The country rock consists of granodiorite and quartzite. The veins contain copper, gold, and tungsten (scheelite). No systematic sampling has been done. Silver-Lead-Zinc KIMBERLEYf Sullivan (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, L'mited) (49° 115° N.W.) Company office, 215 St. James Street West, Montreal; western headquarters, Trail. W. S. Kirk- patrick, Montreal, president; R. D. Perry, Trail, vice-president and general manager. Sullivan mine office, Kimberley. J. R. Geigerich, general superintendent; R. M. Porter, mine superintendent; H. J. Chalmers, Chapman Camp, superintendent, Sullivan concentator. The Sullivan mine is on Mark Creek 2 miles north of Kimberley and the concentrator is at Chapman Camp, 2 miles south of Kimberley. The holdings include 678 Crown-granted claims and fractions. The following report, prepared by the management, is a synopsis of the operations. " During 1959, the Sullivan Mine produced and the Concentrator treated about 2,440,000 tons of ore. Sixty-nine per cent was produced from the section above 3900 level and thirty-one per cent from below 3900 level. " One of the significant points of the year's operation was the blasting of one of the mine's largest pillars in a single blast. In this blast 57.0 tons of powder was used to break 1,060,000 tons of ore. The ore is being drawn through 105 drawholes to eight slusher drifts. " Development footage was 73,912 feet. This is the highest footage for any year and 41% above the 1958 total. Extending No. 1 pilot shaft a distance of 533.5 feet to a point 270 feet below the 2,500-foot level and raising the main shaft a similar distance was completed during the year. Placing of steel shaft sets was started. " The revision to No. 27 shaft was completed in 1959. The total amount of development involved in this program was 736.5 feet, of which 437.5 feet was actual shaft footage. In addition to this, excavations were completed for a new hoist-room, a motor-generator and transformer station, and shop area. * By J. D. McDonald. t By D. R. Morgan. 74 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 "A total of 523,600 cubic yards of fill were placed, made up as follows: 167,195 cubic yards of float fill; 354,135 cubic yards of planned cave; 2,270 cubic yards of development waste fill. No gravel fill was placed during the year. " Primary ventilation of the mine was done by eleven fans, using 1,375 H.P. Volume of air handled was in the order of 1,000,000 c.f.m. or four tons of air for every ton of ore produced. " The safety program at the Mine and the Concentrator was effective in reducing the frequency of accidents to an all-time low. The Concentrator had 3 lost-time accidents and 150 days time loss, to give a frequency of 3.7 and a severity of 185 per million man-hours worked. The Mine had 26 lost-time accidents and 1,334 days time loss, to give a frequency of 14.4 and a severity of 740 per million man- hours worked. One fatal accident occurred underground in July, 1959. " Eight Sullivan employees obtained their Industrial First Aid certificates. A two-week Mining School for eight new miners was held. Total trained since 1947 has been 339. Six men were trained in Mine Rescue work and obtained their Department of Mines certificates. Total trained since 1930 has been 255. A ten- hour Job Safety Training Course was given to 28 supervisors. The sixth 8-hour session in Rescue Squad Training was attended by 20 active Mine Rescue men. A five-man Mine First Aid team won the East Kootenay First Aid competition, and was second in the Provincial Workmen's Compensation Board competitions, held at Kamloops. " The Concentrator operated 253 days during 1959 at an average of 9,650 tons per day. Employees totalled 1,380 at the year-end, with 984 at the Mine and 396 at the Concentrator." SKOOKUMCHUCK* Tungsten (49° 116° N.E.) This property, comprising four mineral Molly (The claims owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Consolidated Min- Company of Canada, Limited, is on the north fork of Skook- ing and Smelting umchuck Creek. It is at an elevation of 7,500 feet, and is Company of reached by 32 miles of logging-road and 7 miles of trail from Canada, Limited) a point on the highway near Torrent. The claims cover a showing of scheelite and skarn in recrystallized limestones near a granite batholith. During 1959 the company employed a small party of men conducting a mapping and trenching programme for a period of six weeks. Some twenty-six shallow cuts and trenches were made exploring for extensions to the showing. WINDERMEREf Toby Creek (50° 116° S.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 6, 490 Baker Street, Nelson; mine office, Mineral King Toby Creek. H. E. Doelle, managing director; J. B. Magee, (Sheep Creek resident manager. This mine is at Toby Creek, 28 miles by Mines Limited) road southwest of Athalmer, on the Toby Creek side of the ridge between Jumbo and Toby Creeks. Showings of lead- zinc mineralization were discovered about 1898 on the Mineral King property, at an elevation of about 5,500 feet on the Toby Creek slope. They were explored by two short adits and several surface trenches, mainly between about 1915 and 1922. * By D. R. Morgan. t By J. T. Fyles. 116°25' LEGEND TOBY FORMATION »6>y0j Conglomerate MOUNT NELSON FORMATION r-r~'5rLi Dolomite, argillaceous dolomite, argillite =_=4=_^ White quartzite DUTCH CREEK FORMATION TOMI Black slate, argillite \\'\\'-\\_\\'\\_i Dolomite, dolomitic argillite, quartzite \\\\\\Y(\\\\\\VJ Dolomite, black slate, argillit. Correlation uncertain; dark grey argillite and quartzite Geological contact defined approximate assumed Fault > _> o H W 80 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 beds in the Mount Nelson dolomite on either side of the fault indicate the west side has been downthrown a few hundred feet. F6 is a thrust fault dipping at low angles to the west and northwest. F5 branches upward from F6 southeast of Monument Peak. The two faults are broadly folded. On the north slope of Jumbo Creek, F6 probably dips at moderate angles to the west and is dropped down by F3 into the bottom of the valley of Jumbo Creek. Between the north bank of Jumbo Creek and the Mineral King mine, the trace of F6 indicates that the fault dips at low angles to the northwest. Near the mine it is probably truncated by F2 and is dropped beneath the valley of Toby Creek on the western side of F2. Southeast of Monument Peak, where the faults are well exposed, F6 and F5 are sharply defined and more or less parallel to beds in the rocks above and below. Large discontinuous masses of breccia are found in the dolomite close to the faults, particularly where dolomite lies between the two faults half a mile southeast of Monument Peak. Breccias consist of rounded and angular fragments of dolomite a fraction of an inch to several inches across in a dolomite matrix. The fragments are distinguished from the matrix only by slight colour differences. Near quartzite, scattered fragments of quartzite are present in the breccia, and adjacent to the faults quartzite is crushed and brecciated. Breccia zones in quartzite are only a few feet thick, and the fragments are difficult to distinguish from the matrix. Southeast of Monument Peak, rocks of the Mount Nelson formation are thrust over slates in the upper part of the Dutch Creek formation. The slates are strongly cleaved within a few hundred feet of F6. F5 and F6 are the largest and most conspicuous thrust faults, but many apparently smaller thrust faults lie between F6 and F2 and are well exposed on the southeast face and western slopes of Monument Peak. F7 is a well-defined steeply dipping fault which brings black argillite of the Dutch Creek formation into contact with dolomite of uncertain correlation to the east. F8 and F9 are steeply dipping faults marked by sheared zones in the Dutch Creek formation. Displacement of members in the Dutch Creek formation indicates they are both downthrown on the west. Folds.—For purposes of description the Mineral King area may be divided into three parts—a western, a central, and an eastern part separated by faults. The western part of the map-area is west of F2. In it the formations dip steeply to the northeast and are on the northeast limb of an asymmetrical anticline. The crest of the anticline lies west of the map-area, and, although it is broad and poorly defined, the crestal zone of gently northward dipping beds is well displayed on the southern slopes of Mount Earl Grey, 3 to 4 miles southwest of the Mineral King mine. The eastern limb of this anticline that is within the western part of the map- area is outlined by the basal quartzite of the Mount Nelson formation. In general the quartzite dips 60 to 80 degrees to the northeast, but at one point the dip flattens and steepens again to form a narrow structural terrace that has the shape of a huge dragfold on the northeastern limb of the anticline. Between the ridge between Jumbo and Toby Creeks and the north side of the valley of Jumbo Creek this drag- fold has an average plunge of 15 degrees to the northwest and the axis strikes about north 25 degrees west. The dragfold is transected by the fault FI. The eastern part of the map-area is bounded on the west by F6 and by parts of F3, F2, and FI which offset F6. A broad anticline is outlined in the eastern part of the area by the dolomite at the base of the uppermost slate member of the Dutch Creek formation. The anticline plunges about 10 degrees to the northwest, and the axial plane is essentially vertical. In the most deeply exposed part of the core of the anticline, on the north side of Toby Creek east of Jumbo Creek, the LODE METALS 81 rocks are crushed and complexly faulted. The faults, which include F8 and F9, strike to the northwest, dip steeply, and have a relatively small displacement. Argillite members have been squeezed and thickened in the core of the anticline, and faults tend to follow contacts between the argillite members and adjacent more competent rocks. Judging by the map and sections of the Windermere map-area (see Walker, 1926), this anticline in the eastern part of the Mineral King area is one of a series of open folds which result in a low cumulative easterly dip extending several miles to the east. Between the eastern and western parts of the area the structure is dominated by a series of folds and related thrust faults in which the western side has tended to move upward and to the east over the eastern side. The folds have the form of dragfolds on the western limb of an open anticline, and because in section looking northwest they resemble a letter " N," they will be referred to as N-shaped dragfolds. East of F3 the dragfolds are relatively simple, but between F2 and F3 they are complex and many are broken by faults. The Mount Nelson dolomite on Monument Peak dips to the west at angles ranging from about 20 to 70 degrees, and in general the sequence is stratigraphically right side up. East and south of the peak small overturned anticlines are present, with axial planes dipping to the west and with thrust faults along the overturned limbs. To the west, between F2 and F3, the structure is more complex (see Fig. 9). Near Jumbo Creek the plunge is a few degrees to the northwest. West and southwest of Monument Peak the plunge reverses abruptly to southeast, and farther to the northwest it again reverses to northwest. This local change in plunge is not seen east of F3 or west of F2. Although folds and faults are well exposed in most of the area between F2 and F3, structural complexities make stratigraphic correlations uncertain, and a complete understanding of the structure is not possible on the basis of present knowledge. The Toby conglomerate displays no internal structure, but externally it has the general form of a syncline. White quartzite, which is tentatively correlated with the basal member of the Mount Nelson formation, occurs in two discontinuous bands on either side of the conglomerate. These bands may lie on the limbs of the syncline containing the conglomerate, but the syncline is not apparent from structural observations in the field. Folds that affect the quartzite have the form of N-shaped dragfolds. The folds are commonly broken by thrust faults alons overturned limbs. This same pattern of folding and thrusting is seen also in the dolomite and argillite between F2 and F3. Stratigraphy is of little value in determining the over-all structure because correlation of the dolomite with the Mount Nelson is tentative and because probably only part of the argillite can be correlated with the Dutch Creek formation (see Fig. 9). The structure and stratigraphy of the belt between F2 and F3 is important in exploration because the Mineral King orebodies are at the southern end of the belt and because scattered sulphide mineralization has been found within and immediately east of the belt, north of Jumbo Creek. The pattern of folding and faulting is important because mineralization at the mine has been partly controlled by N-shaped dragfolds. A number of N-shaped dragfolds in the western part of the area, particularly between Jumbo and Toby Creeks, occur on the eastern limb of the major anticline described previously, and because of their shape appear to be unrelated to the formation of the anticline. It is suggested that they are superimposed on the anticline and, together with other N-shaped dragfolds, may be related to a late thrusting of west over east. Dykes.—Several dark-green fine-grained dykes up to about 15 feet thick transect the rocks of the Mineral King area. In thin section they appear to be altered 82 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 diorites, containing mainly plagioclase (andesine) and chlorite which has entirely replaced crystals of amphibole. Minor quartz, magnetite, biotite, and more or less rusty iron carbonate are present. In the western and eastern parts of the area the dykes are blocky with somewhat sheared margins. They commonly strike north or northwestward, dip steeply, and are fairly continuous. They are widely scattered; two of the most continuous follow faults FI and F8. In the central part of the area the diorite dykes are sheared and altered, and commonly contain fragments of quartzite, dolomite, or green phyllite. They form lenses a few tens of feet thick, ranging from about a hundred to a few hundred feet long. In general they dip steeply and strike to the north or northwest, and appear to be more numerous near faults than away from them. Several are found along F3 between Jumbo Creek and the western slopes of Monument Peak. At least one is found along F2 north of Jumbo Creek, and another occurs along F6 near its juncture with F5. These fragmental dykes resemble conglomerate with angular and rounded pieces of quartzite and dolomite a few inches across in a greenish phyllitic matrix. Thin sections reveal the presence of altered plagioclase crystals and scattered rhombs of iron carbonate which are typical of the diorite dykes and are not found in the Toby conglomerate. One diorite breccia contains apparently indigenous fragments of amygdaloidal rock. Conglomerate and Breccia.—An understanding of the origin of the coarsely fragmental rocks in the Mineral King area is of importance in exploration. Three types—the Toby conglomerate, diorite breccia, and dolomite breccia—have been described, and the last two superficially resemble conglomerate. Judging from the distribution of the Toby formation on Monument Peak shown on the Windermere sheet (Map 2070), all these fragmental rocks have been correlated previously with the Toby. Thin sections clearly distinguish the diorite breccias from conglomerate. Whether the diorite breccias formed by intrusion or whether they are wholly or partly tectonic is uncertain. The contrast between the lenticular diorite breccias in the structurally complex central part of the area and the clean, continuous diorite dykes in the eastern and western parts of the area suggest that deformation was important in the development of the diorite breccias. Field relationships may be interpreted to mean that intrusion and deformation were coincident. • Localization of the breccias along faults leads to the conclusion that most, if not all, of the dolomite breccias are of tectonic origin. The relation of the breccias to faults is clearly shown southeast of Monument Peak between F5 and F6. Zones of dolomite breccia are also found along F2 and F3. Lithologically the breccias contain mainly rounded fragments of dolomite in a dolomite matrix, and the occurrence in them of scattered fragments of quartzite raises the possibility that some of the breccias may be of sedimentary origin. Near F5 quartzite fragments increase in size and number toward quartzite above the fault and appear to have been derived from the quartzite in faulting. Quartzite fragments in breccias near F2 and F3 may have a similar origin. Masses of dolomite breccia found underground near the Mineral King orebodies are in a zone of strong faulting. Mineral King.—The Mineral King mine has three principal adit levels with portals on the hillside north of Toby Creek. No. 7, the main haulage level, is at an elevation of 4,775 feet, No. 3 level is at 5,460 feet, and No. 2 level is at 5,595 feet (see Fig. 11). No. 1 level, an original exploratory adit at an elevation of 5,690 feet, has been partly destroyed by surface mining. An inclined underground shaft connects No. 7 and No. 3 levels, and intermediate levels—No. 4 at 5,285 feet, No. 5 at 5,120 feet, and No. 6 at 4,945 feet elevation—extend from the shaft. The top of the shaft at No. 3 level (elevation, 5,460 feet) is almost vertically below the crest of the ridge between Toby and Jumbo Creeks (elevation, about 6,400 feet). Figure 11. Plan of part of Mineral King mine. Pillars in stopes not shown. 84 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The largest stopes are above No. 3 level, where relatively flat orebodies plunging to the northwest at angles of less than 30 degrees have been mined by open stoping. Orebodies developed more recently are steeply dipping and lie to the north of the relatively flat orebodies and are being mined near No. 3, No. 4, and No. 5 levels. Ore is trammed to ore-passes leading to the main haulage level. A surface incline from No. 3 portal to the mill, which originally handled all the ore, in 1959 carried only barite. The geology of the surface close to the mine gives only the most general information about the geology underground. Only the rocks close to the glory-hole and the level portals can be projected underground. Rocks and structures above the glory-hole and on the ridge between Toby and Jumbo Creeks cannot be recognized with assurance in the underground workings. Black slate of the uppermost member of the Dutch Creek formation, which outcrops at the adit portals and over wide areas to the east and northeast, is in fault contact with dolomite, argillite, and conglomerate to the northwest. Probably more than one fault marks the north and west contact of the Dutch Creek slate. A steeply dipping fault, F2, which strikes about north 20 degrees west, lies immediately west of the mine and offsets a complex, gently dipping fault, probably F6, which lies beneath the orebodies. This gently dipping fault is exposed on No. 2, No. 3, and No. 6 levels and in the shaft and has been encountered in several drill-holes. In the workings the fault contact is sharp, the slate is moderately well cleaved, and the dolomite is massive. The cleavage is more or less parallel to the contact, and from observations in the mine alone it is not possible to conclude with certainty that the contact is a fault. Poorly defined zones of breccia are found in the dolomite close to the fault on No. 2 level, and a siliceous argillite breccia was encountered in drill-holes which penetrated the fault on No. 6 level. The fault plane has the form of an open syncline plunging to the northwest at an average of between 30 and 35 degrees. Although details of the plunge and cross-sectional shape of the fault plane are not well known, they appear to vary from place to place. The general form is indicated on surface and from scattered data for about 700 feet to the northwest down the plunge. Rocks above the footwall are mainly grey fine-grained dolomite, here called the mine dolomite, with minor lenses of olive green and black argillite. Most of the mine dolomite is mottled, light grey and white. Some has dark-grey to black streaks, and some is light grey and massive.* More or less continuous masses of dolomite breccia are found locally. They are composed of distinct rounded and angular fragments of grey dolomite in a grey dolomite matrix. The fragments, which are mainly rounded and up to a few inches across, are distinguished from the matrix by shades of colour. In some breccia, fragments of white quartzite are present. Green argillite, which forms lenses in the dolomite, is a very fine-grained blocky or poorly phyllitic rock. Study of thin sections shows the principal constituents to be sericite and quartz. Under the microscope very fine-grained angular and rounded detrital quartz grains are seen scattered through a felted mass of sericite. Lenses of grey to black argillite, which are also found in the dolomite, contain quartz, sericite, and carbonaceous material. Little is known of the structure and internal stratigraphy of the mine dolomite. On surface the dolomite, which is exposed in one large outcrop and in the glory-hole, has a maximum horizontal dimension measured in a northeasterly direction of about 250 feet and a vertical dimension of about 100 feet. The dolomite cannot * Chemical analyses of specimens of the mine dolomite show that it is essentially pure CaMg(C03>2. LODE METALS 85 be traced beyond the outcrop and glory-hole and cannot be correlated satisfactorily with steeply dipping layers of dolomite to the west and northwest, though the mine dolomite is on strike and down dip from them. The mine dolomite appears to have a lenticular cross-section which in general is synclinal. Underground to the northwest the dolomite widens and thickens, and several hundred feet from the surface the vertical and horizontal dimensions are several times those on surface. Lenses of argillite, small in relation to the dolomite, and banding in some of the orebodies, outline a few folds within the mine dolomite. The known folds are anticlines and synclines plunging to the northwest at variable angles. Two of the largest synclines have sharply pointed troughs, and the intervening anticlines are relatively broad and rounded. A series of irregular cross-warps trending to the northeast causes relatively abrupt changes in the plunge of the folds. The folds and cross-warps are seen in the upper part of the mine; in the lower part the fold structure is not known. Several faults which strike north and dip steeply are recognized on the lower levels. Orebodies.—Orebodies in the upper part of the mine are replacements of dolomite by barite and sulphides. They plunge gently to the northwest, have a relatively low dip, and mainly appear to conform to fold structures within the dolomite. Toward the northwest the plunge steepens, and the orebodies are more or less continuous with other orebodies in the lower part of the mine which follow steeply dipping faults. The faults strike to the north, and sulphides and quartz occur along them as replacements and fillings. The principal sulphides are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and minor bournonite (PbCuSbS3), and the gangue is dolomite, barite, and quartz. Sphalerite ranges from finely disseminated yellowish-brown grains to coarse resinous brown crystals. Galena is commonly fine to medium grained, though it may be coarse or extremely fine grained. In the upper part of the mine, sphalerite and galena commonly occur as irregular masses and lenses or in more or less regular bands in dolomite. In barite their distribution is much more irregular. Pyrite is found closely associated with galena and sphalerite as well as in separate bands and lenses within or on the margins of the orebodies. Bournonite is most conspicuous in barite, where it occurs as intersecting veinlets and less commonly as massive clusters several inches across. The grade of the ore and the lead-zinc ratio are extremely variable. Grades as high as 15 per cent combined lead and zinc are common, and ore fed to the mill ranges from 5 to 10 per cent combined lead and zinc, zinc being always higher than lead. Copper contained in bournonite is recovered from the lead concentrates. The form of the orebodies is extremely complex, and the detailed form cannot be adequately described. Four ore zones distinguished in mining are named the A, B, C, and D zones (see Fig. 11). They grade into one another and are most clearly defined in the upper, southeastern part of the mine, where the form of the orebodies is least complicated. Considered together in this part of the mine, they are roughly in the same plane, and form an irregular tabular to lenticular mass with great variations in thickness and attitude (see Fig. 12). In general the dip is low to moderate, and elongate, abnormally thick sections plunge gently to the northwest. Toward the northwest the plunge of the elongate sections increases and the orebodies become more lenticular in section and are not in the same plane. On the lower levels they are distinct, steeply dipping orebodies which strike to the north. Figure 11 shows parts of the levels and outlines of the stopes above No. 3 level of the mine, and indicates the approximate positions of the ore zones. Although the detailed form of the orebodies cannot be described, several characteristics of form will be considered. The southeastern upper parts of the A and B zones occur in wedge-shaped synclines. The A zone syncline is well 86 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 displayed in the glory-hole, where it is outlined by a bed of dark-grey slaty argillite a few feet thick (see photo of glory-hole). The axial plane dips steeply to the northeast and the trough is very sharp. Ore occurs in dolomite beneath the argillite in a zone several feet thick. On the southwest side of the syncline, irregular masses of barite and well-defined quartz veins contain most of the sulphides. On the northeast the ore is mainly in dolomite. c z A Zone B Zone Figure 12. Isometric diagram of upper part of Mineral King orebodies. The plunge of the orebodies is to the northwest, away from the observer. Underground for about 150 feet from the face of the glory-hole the axis of the syncline plunges at a low angle to the west. It then swings abruptly to the northwest and maintains a northwesterly strike and a variable low plunge for another 600 feet or more. The form of the syncline is obscure underground, though in places a wedge-shaped mass of slaty argillite can be seen in the back of the stopes. Mineralization lenses out rapidly up the limbs of the syncline, and as mined the A zone has an oval cross-section 100 feet or more high and several tens of feet wide. To the east the A zone grades through a narrow low-grade section into the B zone, which also follows a sharply troughed syncline. The anticline between the A and B zones is upright with a rounded crest. More or less well-defined banding in the dolomite and sulphides outlines a syncline in the centre of the B zone that is very similar to the A zone syncline displayed in the glory-hole. The argillite above the A zone does not appear in the B zone. The syncline plunges gently to the northwest and is recognized only in the southeastern part of the B zone. LODE METALS 87 The D zone, which is a few hundred feet northeast of the B zone, also has a synclinal form, but the syncline is more open and is outlined by separate parts of the zone. The syncline plunges to the northwest at angles of 10 to 25 degrees. The C zone lies between the B and the D, forming a zone which is gently dipping, broadly anticlinal, and plunges at a low angle to the northwest. The C and D zones range from a few feet to several tens of feet thick, the thickest sections being in the trough of the D zone. The B, C, and D zones do not continue southeastward to surface as the A zone does. The B and C zones terminate against a mass of dolomite breccia that dips gently to the east and lies above the B and C zones. The dolomite breccia does not outcrop but is lithologically similar to breccias seen on surface north of Jumbo Creek that are associated with faults. Underground the breccia in general is not mineralized. In the southeast it contains fragments of quartzite, farther north it is entirely dolomite, and still farther north both dolomite breccia and green argillite breccia are found. The form of the breccia zone is imperfectly known. The lower contact is mainly with mineralized dolomite, but above the D zone it is in contact with black argillite. The lower surface of the breccia clearly transgresses bedding and has a general synclinal form dipping gently east above the C zone and steeply west above the western side of the D zone. To the northwest the breccia has an irregular form closely associated with the C and D ore zones. The D zone is limted on the southeast by masses of argillite that intertongue with the mineralized dolomite. The uppermost parts of the D zone, both to the southeast up the plunge and to the east up the eastern limb, lens out into green and dark-grey argillaceous rocks. Although the orebodies are incompletely known to the northwest, they appear to become steeply plunging pipe-like bodies or steeply dipping lenticular zones. The A zone, which is more completely developed than the others, northwest of the synclinal part passes into a pipe-like body extending from No. 3 to No. 4 levels. On No. 4 level and more particularly on No. 5 level, it appears to lie along a fault trending north and dipping steeply east. The fault is well defined on No. 5 level, is less conspicuous on No. 4 level, and is difficult to distinguish on No. 3 level. The orebodies are on the western side of the fault. The hangingwall is defined by the fault plane and the footwall is gradational. The fault is not continuously mineralized, and in places the orebody splits away from the fault on the footwall side. The sulphides are commonly massive, and the mineralized zones are of higher grade than those in the upper levels. Other mineralized zones have been found along northerly trending faults on the lower levels of the mine, but as yet they are not well known. Most movement on the faults is thought to have occurred before mineralization because the sulphides are not sheared. Several more or less well-marked zones of cross-warps are recognized in the upper part of the mine. One is at the southeast end of the B zone, where the crest of the anticline between the A and B zones is broadly curved on an axis trending northeast. Another is found in the B and C zones immediately south of the 24 crosscut, where green argillite forming the footwall of the ore is warped upward on a northeasterly trending axis, causing the mineralization to pinch out against barren dolomite in the hangingwall. Pronounced cross-warps appear to have controlled mineralization on the western side of the D zone north of the 24 crosscut. They have the form of dragfolds with axes striking northeast and north. The shape of the dragfolds indicates a relative movement of the upper side to the northwest and west. Mineralization has followed the crests of folds and small thrust faults along the lower limbs of the folds. 88 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Although a general concept of the mineralizing process may be postulated, direct evidence of the process is difficult to obtain. Mineralizing solutions may have passed upward along the northerly trending steep faults in the lower part of the mine and spread out to produce the pipe-like replacement bodies at higher levels. Cross- warps may have influenced the formation of the pipe-like bodies. Troughs of pinched synclines in the A and B zones were favourable for replacement. Faulting has almost certainly been an important control of mineralization in the gently plunging orebodies. Although the fault beneath the mine dolomite is the only gently dipping folded fault known with certainty, other similar faults undoubtedly transect the mine dolomite. The general tapering of the mine dolomite toward the southeast up the plunge may have served to limit the circulation of mineralizing solutions and to promote deposition. Barite is scattered irregularly through most of the ore, and much of the barite contains suphides. Zones of fairly pure barite found between the C and D zones have been mined recently for the barite alone. The barite is white, fine to medium grained, and has a sugary texture. Coarse-grained barite is found locally. Masses of barite being mined, though very irregular, in general have a gentle plunge to the northwest. They are a few tens of feet thick in section and a few hundred feet long parallel to the plunge. Sulphides are more abundant around the margins than in the central parts of the barite zones. Analyses of three samples of barite are given below. Sample A was taken in the 35d stope across 10 feet of clean barite. Samples B and C were grab samples from the shipping-bin. Sulphides were obvious in them, and dolomite and quartz may have been present also. A B C BaO --. .. Per Cent 65.31 0.04 0.18 0.015 34.57 Nil 4.48 Per Cent 61.89 0.08 0.45 0.06 33.56 0.03 4.43 Per Cent 60 56 CaO. - 0.46 SrO ...... Fe (total) — - - 0.51 0.08 SO3 - 33.44 co2 — - _ 0 08 4.16 During 1959 the mine produced 181,495 tons of lead-zinc ore, most of which came from the workings above No. 4 level. Approximately 47 per cent was mined from the A zone, 10 per cent from the C zone, 39 per cent from the D zone, and the remainder from new development. The ore was developed and mined from all levels, and the A zone was developed northward and downward to No. 6 level. Total development included 3,300 feet of drifts and crosscuts, 1,360 feet of raises, and 13,200 feet of diamond drilling. Barite, the production of which began in 1959, was mined from the upper levels. Barite production was separated from lead-zinc production by using the No. 3 level and surface skip for transportation and a 100-ton bin at the bottom of the skip for loading into trucks. The crude barite was trucked to Invermere for shipment by rail. There were no major installations underground during 1959, and, apart from the barite production, there was very little change in the operation. The mine was ventilated by both mechanical and natural means and approximately 29,000 cubic feet of air per minute was exhausted from the workings. Of this quantity, 18,000 cubic feet per minute was supplied by a 15-horsepower electrically driven fan located on the No. 2 intake airway. The remainder was natural ventilation. Some difficulty was experienced in part of the workings at one time due to leakages of air on No. 3 LODE METALS 89 level, but this was overcome by duplicating the ventilation door on the level. One fatal accident is reported more fully in another part of the Report. The concentrator operated at 85 per cent capacity throughout the year and produced 13,071 tons of zinc and 6,779 tons of lead concentrates. All the concentrates were trucked to Invermere for shipment by rail. Improvements were made to the blacksmith's shop, several residences, tailings-disposal pond, and concentrate railway siding. The average number of men employed during 1959 was ninety-six, of whom fifty were employed underground. [References: Reesor, J. E. (1957), Lardeau (East Half), Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 12-1957; Walker, J. F. (1926), Geology and Mineral Deposits of Windermere Map-area, B.C., Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 148; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept, 1953, p. 151.] This group of eight claims, held by record by Noel Routson Red Ledge and associates, of Trentwood, Wash., is on the west side of Stark Creek about 2 miles southeast of the Mineral King mine. It is reached from the mine by a trail which, for about a mile southeast of Toby Creek, is on the east side of Stark Creek, and then crosses Stark Creek and climbs the slope to the southwest to a cache and tent camp at an elevation of about 6,200 feet. The claims were originally located in 1952 to cover a mass of rusty gossan about 500 feet south of the tent camp. Prospecting since 1952 has disclosed showings of lead and zinc northwest of the camp. Rocks on the claims are mainly black slate and argillite of the uppermost member of the Dutch Creek formation. Toward the northwest the Dutch Creek slates are overlain by white quartzite and dolomite in the lower part of the Mount Nelson formation. On the crest of the ridge west of Stark Creek these rocks form a northeasterly dipping succession which is truncated on the east by a fault. The fault dips steeply, strikes about north 30 degrees west, and is downthrown on the west. The zone of gossan, which is mainly limonite and rubble of black argillite, forms a clearing on the hillside about 200 feet in diameter. An adit, the portal of which is on the upper western side of the clearing at an elevation of about 6,300 feet, has been driven approximately 110 feet at south 60 degrees west. It passes through the limonite into black slate. From exposures at the portal the gossan appears to be about 30 feet thick and to lie parallel to the slope of the hill. A sample across 10 feet of the gossan assayed nil in gold and silver and traces in lead and zinc. Showings of galena, sphalerite, and grey copper are found at an elevation of about 6,600 feet about 1,500 feet northwest of the adit. They are essentially confined to one outcrop about 80 feet long from north to south and 25 feet wide in an area containing few outcrops. The sulphides are scattered through dolomite in irregular lenses and veinlets, the largest of which are an inch thick and a few feet long. Irregular quartz veinlets present in the dolomite may or may not carry sulphides. Small pits and trenches have been made to expose the outcrop more fully. A chip sample in one of the trenches showing material of higher than average grade assayed: Gold, nil; silver, 0.8 oz. per ton; lead, 5.67 per cent; zinc, 0.9 per cent. A sorted sample of broken material rich in grey copper assayed: Gold, nil; silver, 4.4 oz. per ton; lead, 2.56 per cent; zinc, 0.6 per cent. 90 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 HORSETHIEF Creek (50° 116° N.E.)* Silver-Copper Heinz K. F. Seel, president, Edgewater. This mine is at the Ptarmigan (The headwaters of Red Line Creek, a tributary of McDonald Selkirk Ptarmigan Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Horsethief Creek. Mines Limited) It is at an elevation of 8,600 feet, and is reached by a 29- mile roadway leading from Wilmer. The mine is an old operation that was abandoned for many years, and the present company was formed in 1958 to continue operations after the owner, Mr. Seel, had removed a large quantity of ice from the old workings. There are over 3,000 feet of development workings in the mine. The mine operated for a period of three months during 1959. A crew of four men was employed, and 60 tons of ore was mined and trucked to the Trail smelter. Most of the ore was obtained from a small cut-and-fill stope above No. 3 level. The remainder was mined from a new stope which was started on No. 1 level. Assays of ore shipments from No. 3 level ranged from 225 to 250 ounces of silver per ton. Those from the No. 1 level were of a lower grade, ranging from 55 to 65 ounces per ton. The workings on both levels are on a narrow quartz vein mineralized with tetrahedrite. The mine is ventilated by natural means. BIG BEND OF COLUMBIA RIVERf Geological Reconnaissance of the Columbia River between Bluewater Creek and Mica Creek Introduction This report summarizes the results of a geological reconnaissance along the Columbia River from near Donald on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway to near Boat Encampment at the northern end of the Big Bend. The reconnaissance was made between early June and late August, 1958, for the Water Rights Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests in connection with possible hydroelectric power installations on the Columbia River. Very little previous geological work has been done along the part of the Columbia considered in this report. In 1889 A. P. Coleman made a trip of geological and geographical exploration down the Columbia from Beavermouth to Kinbasket Lake and published brief notes of historical interest in Royal Society of Canada Transactions for 1889 (Vol. 7, Sec. A, pp. 97-108). Since then no general geological work has been done. An area a few square miles in extent on the southwest side of Kinbasket Lake was mapped geologically by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, during 1951 in connection with exploration for lead and zinc. The map was of considerable assistance in the present work. Details of the geology near the Mica Creek dam-site, some 6 miles southwest of Boat Encampment, are given by Jones (1951). Several geological studies have been made along the Canadian Pacific Railway, both in the Selkirk and the Rocky Mountains (see Okulich, 1949, p. 21; North and Henderson, 1954, p. 71), and part of the map made by C. S. Evans (1932) in the Brisco and Dogtooth Ranges is immediately southeast of the area considered in this report. The map of Gunning (1929, p. 136) along the western side of the Big Bend lies several miles to the west. Papers by F. K. North and G. G. L. Henderson in the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists Field Conference Guide Book for 1954, * By D. R. Morgan. t By J. T. Fyles. Boat Encampment rCjJMMINS -RANGE o Q SCALE MILES KINBASKET 'MTN.- INDEX MAP MILES -.SOLITUDE o o „ ° c>i _______ RANGE Figure 13 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF PART OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN TRENCH LEGEND ACKWATER RANGE Calcareous phyllite Gneissic quartzite and schist ^-3_£^ Kinbasket limestone iwv rusm FaU 11 0° O „o >^ °o0o0o°oo0o° Sullivan quartzite and ^_ Tsar Creek argillite Quartzite, grit and phyllite — Anticlinal axis Northeastern limit of metamorphic rocks LODE METALS 91 which discuss the stratigraphy and structure of the southern Rocky Mountains and the significance of the Rocky Mountain Trench, have direct general application in the present study. The purpose of the present work was to obtain a broad knowledge of the regional geology to aid future geological studies at specific dam-sites. The work consisted of geological traversing, mapping, and sketching, and interpretation of air photos along the Columbia River valley and summits adjacent to it. Plotting of data was done on a scale of half a mile to the inch, using air photos and interim maps prepared by the Air Survey Division of the Department of Lands and Forests. A relatively continuous strip of map a few miles wide was made of an area northeast of the river between Bluewater Creek, 4 miles northwest of Donald, and Boat Encampment (see Fig. 13). Reconnaissance traverses were made between Kinbasket Lake and Nagle Mountain, 8 miles west of Boat Encampment, and near Surprise Rapids. Detailed studies of proposed dam-sites were not made, although several sites were visited briefly. Mineral occurrences of possible economic value were noted only in passing. The area studied is mainly along the Rocky Mountain Trench and includes a part of the trench in which it changes from a relatively broad valley to the south to a relatively narrow valley to the north. This change occurs close to the Bush River. A system of major faults lies within the trench and, for purposes of this report, is considered in two sections. Northwest of Surprise Rapids a fault zone closely follows the Columbia River and is referred to as the Trench fault zone. Southeast of Surprise Rapids a fault zone along the valley of Succour and Black- water Creeks is the northern part of a regional fault known as the White River Break (see North and Henderson, 1954, Map No. 1). Rocks occurring northeast of the fault system are in a part of the Rocky Mountains that corresponds to the western part of the Main Ranges subprovince as defined to the south (see North and Henderson, 1954, p. 17). Rocks occurring southwest of the two fault zones are included in at least two geological terrains—one south of the Succour-Blackwater Creek valley and the other in the northern part of the Selkirk Mountains. The Trench fault zone is relatively narrow and inconspicuous, but the White River Break is marked by a wide zone of sheared rocks extending for many miles to the southeast. Rocky Mountains Within the area studied the Rocky Mountains are divided into four ranges by the valleys of the Bush, Sullivan, and Cummins Rivers. The Blackwater Range lies south of the Bush River. An unnamed range containing Solitude Mountain and here referred to as the Solitude Range lies between the Bush and the Sullivan Rivers. Kinbasket Mountain, north of Kinbasket Lake, dominates the range between the Sullivan and the Cummins Rivers, and the Cummins Range lies north of the Cummins and is terminated by the Wood River. These ranges are composed of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks which form a thick conformable stratigraphic succession. Stratigraphy Three lithologic units have been mapped in the Rocky Mountains. The oldest is a thick sequence of quartzites, named for convenience in description the Sullivan quartzite from exposures along the lower Sullivan River. This sequence is overlain by a relatively thin unit of grey argillite, called the Tsar Creek argillite, which in turn is overlain by a thick sequence of limestone, argillaceous limestone, and argillite known as the Kinbasket limestone. Northwest of Surprise Rapids, along the lower slopes of the Solitude Range, Kinbasket Mountain, and in most of the Cummins 92 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Range, the rocks of this succession are metamorphosed to garnetiferous quartzites, garnet mica schists, and micaceous crystalline limestones. Through much of the area they are strongly folded. The formations have not been satisfactorily correlated with others in the Rocky Mountains, but on the basis of general lithology it seems probable that at least part of the Sullivan quartzite can be correlated with the Lower Cambrian St. Piran formation. The St. Piran is a relatively thick quartzitic formation occurring widely in the Rocky Mountains to the south. Diagnostic fossils have not been found in the present work, but structures of organic origin resembling worm tubes and trails were found in places in the Sullivan quartzite, particularly north of Tsar Creek about a mile and a half from its mouth. Similar markings are described from the St. Piran formation in the Field map-area (see Allan, 1914, p. 65). The Sullivan quartzite is exposed best at some distance from the Columbia River valley, east of the area mapped, where it forms high peaks and is gently folded. In the area mapped, only the uppermost part of the quartzitic sequence has been studied. In the lower part of Tsar Creek and on the ridge north of it, the lowest rocks exposed are massive light-grey grits. They are overlain by blocky fine-grained white quartzite as much as 200 feet thick which in turn is overlain by several hundred feet of grey to brown argillaceous quartzite containing two calcareous members and forming the uppermost part of the quartzitic sequence. The argillaceous quartzite is rusty weathering; beds range from a few inches to a few feet thick. Pinkish, whitish, and locally greenish beds occur near the top. The lowest calcareous member consists of 100 to 200 feet of buff-weathering limestone, argillaceous limestone, and dolomite. It is separated by about 100 feet of quartzite and green phyllite from an upper grey limestone 50 to 100 feet thick. Limy quartzite above the upper limestone is cross-bedded. The quartzitic sequence containing the calcareous members is abruptly overlain by the dark-grey to black Tsar Creek argillite. The Sullivan quartzite exposed in the lowest canyon of Sullivan River and on the slopes northwest of the canyon consists of light-grey to green grit and white quartzite overlain by argillaceous quartzite containing one or two thin bands of limestone. The structure is complex and rocks in the canyon are sheared. The stratigraphic sequence is not known with certainty, but many of the rocks are probably stratigraphically lower than those seen in Tsar Creek. The uppermost parts of the Sullivan quartzite in the southern part of the Solitude Range is much the same as in the lower stretch of Tsar Creek, but in the Solitude Range a higher proportion of the rocks are greenish, and only one calcareous bed was noted. Only the uppermost 1,500 to 2,000 feet of beds was studied, and distant exposures in the Solitude Range suggest that a relatively great thickness of blocky quartzitic strata underlies the beds studied. The Tsar Creek argillite, which overlies the Sullivan quartzite, is well exposed in Tsar Creek and on Kinbasket Mountain. It is seen at a number of places to the southeast and has been mapped for a few miles near the south end of the Solitude Range. On the south side of the lower part of Tsar Creek, and north of the creek in a synclinal trough, the argillite is dark grey to black, relatively blocky, and poorly bedded. On Kinbasket Mountain it is grey and dark grey, highly sheared, and is a slate or phyllite. To the southeast, between Sullivan and Kinbasket Rivers and southeast of Sullivan River, the argillite is also strongly sheared and on steep slopes commonly breaks down into prominent light-coloured talus slides. _l. !'* i______) _______ Mouth of Sullivan River at the head of Kinbasket Lake. Mouth of Kinbasket River, Kinbasket Lake. 94 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 In the Solitude Range the Tsar Creek argillite is dark grey to black near the top and contains visible clear quartz grains. It grades downward into grey and greenish-grey phyllitic argillite. The thickness of the Tsar Creek argillite is difficult to estimate, but at a few places where measurement has been possible it is between 500 and 1,000 feet. The Kinbasket limestone, a thick sequence of limestone, argillaceous limestone, and argillite, overlies the Tsar Creek argillite. It forms the southwestern slopes of Kinbasket Mountain, the first summits northeast of the Columbia River in the Solitude Range, and all of the southwestern part of the Blackwater Range. On Kinbasket Mountain and in the Solitude Range the base is marked by grey fine-grained platy limestone about 100 feet thick that weathers to form local promontories and ridges. This limestone is overlain by a thick sequence of grey and dark-grey argillaceous limestone and limy and non-limy argillite. The sequence is at least a few thousand feet thick and the top is not exposed. No distinctive litho- logic units have been recognized within it, and detailed study will be necessary for its subdivision. The Kinbasket limestone is well exposed in the Blackwater Range. Much of the limestone is fine grained, with wispy argillaceous partings a few inches to a few feet apart. Bedding is indistinct, and on the lower southwestern slopes of the range where the rocks are strongly sheared, bedding can be distinguished only with difficulty. Irregular lenses of buff- to red-weathering dolomite a few feet to a few hundred feet long occur within the limestone near the head of Clearwater Creek and are found locally at other places in the Blackwater Range. Breccias, which commonly weather to form hoodoos and are composed of angular fragments of limestone a few inches across, occur at a number of places in the southwestern part of the Blackwater and Solitude Ranges. The breccia zones are discontinuous and appear to represent local zones of crushing rather than continuous faults. Metamorphism The foregoing descriptions are of a stratigraphic sequence of unmetamorphosed rocks. In the southwest part of the Solitude Range and north of Kinbasket Lake, these rocks grade into metamorphic rocks, and in the Cummins Range the entire sequence is metamorphic. During the reconnaissance it became clear that, northeast of the Trench fault zone, the metamorphic rocks are stratigraphically equivalent to the sequence just described. The nature of the work did not permit mapping of metamorphic facies or a direct study of the metamorphism, but the general correlation of the metamorphic rocks with the unmetamorphosed sequence is fairly certain. Along the Columbia River for several miles northwest of Surprise Rapids, and for more than a mile to the northeast, the Kinbasket limestones are buff weathering, finely crystalline, and contain fine flakes of muscovite and biotite. These relatively pure limestones are interbedded with grey limy and non-limy phyllites with porphyroblasts of biotite, chloritoid, epidote, and amphibole. At places near the river, interbeds of mica schist with small garnet porphyroblasts are found. These metamorphic rocks grade into unmetamorphosed limestones and argillites to the northeast. They probably also grade southeastward into unmetamorphosed rocks, but immediately north of the Bush River limestone bluffs in which the change may take place were not studied. Near Caribou Creek the metamorphosed Kinbasket limestone is underlain by a few hundred feet of a distinctive grey to dark-grey garnet mica schist in which red- brown garnets are as much as one-quarter of an inch across. These rocks are corre- LODE METALS 95 lated with the Tsar Creek argillite and are underlain by a thick sequence of quartzitic rocks which outcrop along the northeast side of the Columbia River from near Caribou Creek to Kinbasket Lake. Many of the quartzites contain small garnets and are interbedded with garnet mica schist and grey micaceous phyllite. Beds of white quartzite and light-grey grit are fairly common, and locally lenses of crystalline limestone are found. Bedding is distinct in the purer quartzites, and schistosity is the predominant structure of the micaceous rocks. Near the Sullivan River quartz mica schists contain small crystals of kyanite with or without garnet, and lenses of pegmatite are common. The rocks are in fault contact to the northeast on both sides of the Sullivan River with limestone containing small porphyroblasts of biotite. On the lower slopes of Kinbasket Mountain the Kinbasket limestone contains rounded clusters of biotite and muscovite about one-quarter of an inch in diameter. Higher on the slope the clusters become smaller, and near the top no mica is visible and the limestones, though sheared, appear unmetamorphosed. Along Tsar Creek the Sullivan quartzites appear unmetamorphosed, but some beds in the lower part of the creek contain small porphyroblasts of chloritoid. The unmetamorphosed rocks grade northwestward into metamorphic rocks. No more than 3 miles northwest of Tsar Creek, essentially along the formational strike, the quartzites contain porphyroblasts of garnet and are interbedded with garnet mica schists and locally with garnet staurolite schists. Bands of micaceous limestone in the quartzite are widely exposed, but their stratigraphic position south of the Cummins River has not been determined. North of the Cummins River the entire stratigraphic sequence in the area studied is metamorphic. The quartzitic sequence contains light-grey grit and quartzite, garnetiferous quartzite, and quartz mica schist and near the top two bands of limestone as much as 200 feet thick. This sequence, which is correlated with the Sullivan quartzite, is overlain by a few hundred feet of a remarkable garnet mica schist. The schist is grey and studded with abundant well-formed garnets as much as an inch across in a fine-grained matrix. This garnet mica schist is regarded as the metamorphic correlative of the Tsar Creek argillite and is overlain by rocks correlated with the Kinbasket limestone. These rocks are buff-weathering micaceous limestones with minor interbeds of grey garnet mica schist. They form the summits and southwest slopes of the Cummins Range. The metamorphic rocks probably grade into unmetamorphosed rocks a short distance northeast of the Cummins Range, beyond the area mapped. Structure The structure of parts of the ranges in the Rocky Mountains immediately northeast of the Trench fault zone and the White River Break is fairly well known. Details of folds have not been mapped and faults have not been traced, but several generalized structural sections have been determined (see Fig. 14). Three patterns of folding are recognized. One consists of broad open folds with low plunge and steeply dipping axial planes. These folds are mainly northeast of the area studied and are readily seen, particularly in the Solitude Range well away from the Columbia River. Fold axes appear to strike more to the west than the Trench fault zone, and consequently the folds are gradually transected by the trench and disappear toward the northwest. The second type of folding is closely associated with the first and consists of large folds overturned toward the southwest. The overturned folds are asymmetric and have a low plunge to the southeast. They are displayed best in quartzites in the Solitude Range and limestones in the Blackwater Range, and within the area studied are found only in these two ranges. Like the open folds farther to the 96 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 northeast, the overturned and asymmetric folds trend more to the west than the Trench fault zone and are truncated at a small angle by the Rocky Mountain Trench. The southwestward overturning is accentuated by northeastward-dipping faults. The faults dip 40 to 50 degrees to the northeast and appear to be thrusts. They are common on the southwest slopes of the Blackwater Range and in the southern S.W. CUMMINS RANGE KINBASKET LAKE SOLITUDE RANGE ^s N.E. 5000 5000 5000 o—-^ -5000 BLACKWATER RANGE 15000 ____ Feet Horizontal Figure 14. Geological cross-sections, Columbia River valley. LODE METALS 97 part of the Solitude Range in the Kinbasket limestone. In places they are well- defined crushed zones, in others they are wide, poorly defined zones of breccia, and in still others they are zones of strongly sheared phyllite. The third type of folding is found only northwest of the Bush River. Unlike the other two types which are truncated by the Rocky Mountain Trench, the third type follows the trench. Folds are overturned toward the northeast and appear to be superimposed on the first two types. The axes plunge at low angles both to the northwest and to the southeast, and axial planes dip as low as 45 degrees to the southwest. One major fold of this type has been mapped on the slopes northeast of the Columbia 5 to 10 miles northwest of Surprise Rapids. The fold is anticlinal, with axis plunging about 15 degrees to the southeast and axial plane dipping about 60 degrees to the southwest. Although the axis is essentially parallel to the trench, formations on the southwest limb of the anticline are transected by a fault of the Trench fault zone. Northeast of the axis of this anticline the limestones form a series of large relatively tight folds with steep axial planes, which, toward the northeast, change in dip from southwest to northeast (see Fig. 14). The anticline is obscured by metamorphism and faulting at the Sullivan River. The northeast limb on the Sullivan River is broken by a fault striking northwest and dipping steeply to the southwest. North of the river the fault swings and passes westward, probably with a low southerly dip. This fault appears to be closely related to the anticline on the southwestern slopes of the Solitude Range to the southeast. Northeast of the fault the Kinbasket limestone, as well as being folded on gently plunging axes, is warped about axes plunging to the southwest at 50 to 70 degrees. The warps are of a type suggesting relative movement of the northeast side northwestward. Another fault apparently related to the northeastward overturned folds is exposed on the southwest slopes of Kinbasket Mountain. It transects the Kinbasket limestone, which dips between 40 and 60 degrees to the south and southwest, and is marked by a zone of breccia which weathers yellowish-buff and shows up prominently from the Big Bend Highway. The zone of breccia is well defined and is composed of fragments of limestone in all sizes up to about 15 feet across. Blocks larger than about a foot across are somewhat rounded; smaller fragments are angular. The breccia is nearly 1,000 feet wide at the widest part and narrows to a few tens of feet to the west and probably also to the southeast. At the widest section the southwest side of the breccia zone is nearly vertical and strikes northwest. The northeast side dips about 45 degrees to the southwest, nearly parallel to bedding in the limestone beneath it. To the northwest, on the Kinbasket Lake slope, the breccia zone dips about 35 degrees to the southwest. On the summits and southwest slopes of the Cummins Range, folds of the third type are overturned, with axial planes dipping 40 to 60 degrees southwest. Fold axes plunge at a low angle to the northwest and are essentially parallel to the Rocky Mountain Trench. The folds are relatively tight and are locally broken by south- westward dipping thrust faults. They pass rapidly into broad open folds immediately northeast of the Cummins Range. Hills Southwest of Succour and Blackwater Creeks Southeast of the mouth of the Bush River and between the Columbia River and the valley of Succour and Blackwater Creeks, the hills and ridges rise to elevations of 5,000 feet. The hills are southwest of the White River Break and are separate from the Blackwater Range to the northeast. The southern slopes of the hills were mapped by Evans (1933, pp. 106a-179a), who correlated the rocks with Cambrian 98 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 formations in the Dogtooth and Rocky Mountains. In the present study the stratigraphy and correlation of rocks on the hills southwest of the Succour Creek- Blackwater Creek valley have not been determined. Rocks in the hills southwest of the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley are largely quartzites and grits. They are separated from limy phyllites to the northeast by a series of faults that strike more to the west than the quartzites and grits and truncate them at an acute angle. Light-coloured quartzites and grits form the southern part of the hills. They are succeeded by green and grey grits and phyllites which outcrop southwest of Succour Creek. Locally a few feet of clean grey limestone and a somewhat thicker member of grey argillite are found with both the light-coloured quartzites and the green and grey grits. Rocks in the southern part of the hills include white quartzite with grey interbeds a few inches to a few feet thick, light-grey and pinkish-brown grits or coarsegrained quartzites with rounded green, pink, or bluish quartz grains locally as much as one-quarter of an inch in diameter, and brown argillaceous quartzites. The coarse-grained quartzites have beds a foot to a few feet thick and commonly are cross-bedded. Green and grey grits and phyllites which outcrop southwest of the lower part of Succour Creek are locally blocky, but mainly they are strongly cleaved and bedding is rarely seen. The grits are poorly sorted and contain angular and rounded feldspar and green, pink, or bluish quartz grains commonly an eighth of an inch across. Little is known of the structure of the rocks southwest of the Succour Creek- Blackwater Creek valley. Bedding in the quartzites and cleavage in the grits and phyllites dip steeply to the southwest, and the sequence appears to be homoclinal. The rocks are bounded on the northeast by a series of faults which in general strike northwest and which intersect each other at acute angles. Lineaments on air photos suggest that faults other than those mapped occur to the southwest and cut the quartzitic sequence into a number of blocks. Direct evidence for faulting has not been found, but reconnaissance has shown that some of the lineaments are zones of strong cleavage and that adjacent blocks have a divergent strike. Rocks similar to those just described occur along the Big Bend Highway near the Bush River and along the Columbia River near Surprise Rapids. On the highway the rocks are strongly cleaved grey and green grit and phyllite. Similar rocks with some blocky beds of greenish-grey grit are in the upper part of Surprise Rapids where the river flows northward. Downstream from the point where the river turns abruptly to the northwest the grey and green grits and phyllites grade into grey and brown quartzites, and farther downstream into interbedded grey and white quartzite, light-grey grit, and locally conglomerate. AH the rocks near Surprise Rapids are strongly cleaved and break into flaggy slabs. Fine-grained micas lie along the cleavage planes, small porphyroblasts of biotite occur in some beds of grey and brown quartzite, and small garnets are found in bluffs southwest of the upper part of the rapids. The rocks dip 45 to 60 degrees to the southwest and form what appears to be a homoclinal sequence, but the stratigraphic top of the sequence was not determined. Over short distances the strike of both bedding and cleavage changes from northwest to almost west, and gradually returns again to northwest. The broad southwestward plunging warps thus formed suggest a relative movement of the northeast side northwestward. Outcrops of light-grey grit and quartzite locally including beds of conglomerate occur on the southwest bank of the Columbia River for several miles northwest of Surprise Rapids. Although only the outcrops in the river bank were visited, it is suggested that the same sequence of grits and quartzites continues along the southwest side of the river. LODE METALS 99 Northern Selkirk Mountains Two principal areas were studied in the northern Selkirk Mountains—one near Kinbasket Lake and the other between the mouth of the Cummins River and the Columbia River southwest of Boat Encampment. The area near Kinbasket Lake is in the northeastern part of the Windy Range and is transected by the deep valley of Trident Creek, which enters the lake near the middle of the southwest side. A complexly folded sequence of varied rock types is found on the slopes above Kinbasket Lake and in lower Trident Creek. The sequence consists of crystalline limestone overlain by quartzite and underlain by metamorphosed black argillite. The quartzite, exposed in the trough of a syncline, is thin bedded, micaceous, and locally garnetiferous. It contains beds of white quartzite high in the sequence and a few tens of feet of garnet mica schist near the base, above the limestone. North of Trident Creek a more complete section contains several hundred feet of white quartzite. The limestone is 100 to 200 feet thick and is medium grained, white to light grey, with dark-grey wisps and bands. It is underlain by dark-grey argillite and garnet mica schist, with thin interbeds of dark-grey limestone. Near Kinbasket Lake these argillaceous rocks range from a few tens of feet to a few hundred feet thick, but greater thicknesses are found on the northwest slope of Trident Creek. Higher on the slope south of Trident Creek is a thick sequence of gneissic quartzite and mica schist. The relationship between this sequence and the argillite- limestone-quartzite sequence lower on the slope is uncertain. The mica schist contains garnet, kyanite, and locally staurolite. The gneissic quartzites contain biotite and feldspar, and some layers contain garnet. On the crest of a northwesterly trending ridge 2 to 2V_ miles from the lake and at an elevation of 7,500 to 8,000 feet a 50-foot band of buff to white crystalline limestone overlies the sequence of gneissic quartzite and schist and is overlain by grey platy micaceous quartzite containing small garnets. The limestone contains thin phyllitic lenses and in places is altered to diopside-epidote skarn. The structure southwest of Kinbasket Lake is characterized by tight and isoclinal folds complicated by strike faults. Near the lake the fold axes plunge west at 25 to 35 degrees, and away from the lake change to a more northwesterly strike and a lower plunge. Close mapping of a band of crystalline limestone by the Consolidated company revealed the presence of an isoclinal syncline less than a mile from the lake. The axial plane dips about 45 degrees to the southwest, and the northeast limb is broken by a fault dipping gently to the southwest. Quartzite of the stratigraphic sequence just described occupies the trough of the syncline, and the limestone and black argillite are repeated on the limbs. Another syncline is well exposed on the crest of the ridge between 2 and 2V_ miles from the lake. The syncline, as outlined by the narrow band of limestone just described, is overturned, with axial plane dipping about 35 degrees to the southwest and axis plunging 15 degrees northwest. Little is known of the structure between the two synclines and along the lake northeast of the lower syncline. Close studies would probably discover other tight folds and bedding or strike faults. Many of the rocks show well-defined patterns of dragfolds, and the rock types are distinct enough to permit detailed mapping and correlation. Reconnaissance to the west of the Cummins Range indicates that the northern Selkirk Mountains are composed of a monotonous succession of mica schists and gneissic quartzites. Gneissic quartzites occur in layers a few feet to several tens of feet thick. In hand specimens they resemble fine- to medium-erained granite gneiss. They are interlayered with fine- to medium-grained mica schist containing quartz. 100 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 feldspar, muscovite, and biotite commonly with garnet, kyanite, and rarely staurolite. The schists weather to a yellowish-brown. Calcareous rocks are inconspicuous. Lenses of pegmatite ranging from a few inches to several hundred feet in both length and width are common throughout the northern Selkirks. Mainly they are composed of quartz and feldspar in grains 1 to 4 inches across. Muscovite, biotite, and black tourmaline are fairly common. Mica crystals are usually 1 to 4 inches across and twinned. Small kyanite crystals cluster along the margins of some pegmatites. Gneisses, schists, and pegmatites at the Mica Creek dam-site are described by Jones (1951; 1959, p. 131). In general, foliation in the gneissic quartzites and schists, in the part of the northern Selkirks studied, dips between 25 to 50 degrees to the southwest. No large faults were recognized, but several small ones striking between north and northeast were seen above the timberline where rock is well exposed. In places, gneissic layers contain tight dragfolds from a few inches to several feet across that show strong overlapping and squeezing-out of quartzitic layers. The dragfolds appear to be abundant only locally, and where they are abundant show a uniform plunge and pattern of shape, though individual folds may vary widely in detail. Lineation found in some of the gneisses is parallel to axes of dragfolds. The gneisses and schists are folded into large and very large, generally open folds, which represent changes in the attitude of the foliation. The regional dip is to the southwest, but the angle of dip steepens and flattens and locally is to the northeast. These folds range from a few tens of feet to many miles across. Smaller folds may be fairly tight, but the largest ones are open. One large fold was seen in the distance several miles northwest of Trident Creek. The southwesterly dip on the northeast side of the range flattens toward the southwest and reverses to northeast. North of the Selkirks, on the south slopes of Nagle Mountain, a southwesterly dip of less than 45 degrees on the lower slopes gradually steepens upward through vertical to a steep northeasterly dip west of the summit of Nagle Mountain. The meaning of the dragfolds within the gneissic layers and of the broad folds involving the foliation is uncertain. Tight and isoclinal folds near Kinbasket Lake are on strike from the gneisses and schists in the northern Selkirks. Casual observations near Kinbasket Lake reveal an apparently homoclinal succession, and the actual complexity of the structure is discovered only by detailed study, and then only because distinctive rock units are present. It is suggested that the apparently homoclinal succession of schists and gneisses in the northern Selkirks is in fact isoclinally folded, and that evidence of this folding is obliterated by subsequent shearing, metamorphism, and refolding. White River Break The White River Break was named by Henderson (1954, p. 43) for "the major longitudinal fault zone that limits the Western Ranges subprovince [of the Rocky Mountains] on the northeast." He considered the fault zone to be continuous from Whiteswan Lake in the southern Rocky Mountains northwest almost to Donald, a distance of about 120 miles. Throughout its length the fault zone is entirely within Cambro-Ordovician strata of the McKay group and is marked by a wide belt of highly sheared calcareous phyllite. The same belt of calcareous phyllite which forms the northern part of the White River Break narrows northwest of Donald and ends near the mouth of the Bush River. In the lower canyon of Bluewater Creek and in the Succour Creek- Blackwater Creek valley soft limy phyllites coloured whitish-grey, greenish-grey, and locally dark grey are exposed. They form scattered outcrops and light-coloured road cuts and talus banks. The phyllite is characterized by a strong but irregular LODE METALS 101 cleavage. The irregularity is produced by slight variations in the attitude and continuity of the cleavage planes. The cleavage dips steeply, on the northeast side of the belt to the northeast, and on the southwest side of the belt to the southwest. A few masses of blocky grey limestone occur within the phyllite. One of the best known is lenticular, several hundred feet long, and a few hundred feet wide. It resembles a large unsheared fragment in a shear zone. This belt of phyllite, comprising the northern part of the White River Break, is bounded on both sides by faults not directly related to the break. The southwestern side of the phyllite is marked by a series of faults which transect each other at small angles and probably dip steeply. The northeastern side of the belt is covered by talus northeast of Succour Creek and is poorly defined toward the southeast. Overturned folds on the lower slopes of the Blackwater Range with axial planes dipping northeast and broken by northeasterly dipping thrusts suggest that a northeasterly dipping thrust fault marks the northeast side of the belt of phyllite. South of Blackwater Creek the strongly sheared phyllites grade into phyllitic limestones and argillaceous limestones mapped by Evans (1933, p. 126a and Map 295a) as part of the Cambro-Ordovician McKay group. The phyllites closely resemble rocks of the McKay group in the White River Break described by Henderson (1954, p. 22). Although direct evidence is lacking, there is little doubt that most, if not all, of the limy phyllites in the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley belong to the McKay group. Trench Fault Zone The Trench fault zone closely follows the Columbia River northwest of Surprise Rapids. It is a complex zone of faulting, including the northern continuation of the White River Break and probably also a number of other regional faults. The fault zone is inconspicuous in contrast to the White River Break southeast of Surprise Rapids. Many faults occur throughout the zone, although few have actually been seen. A main fault or series of faults separating rocks of the Selkirk Mountains from those of the Rockies can be fairly closely located at a number of places. Other faults have been located in the Rockies and are inferred in the Selkirks. The presence of the main fault is shown by the fact that on a regional scale formations in the Rocky Mountains are truncated at a small angle by the line of contact with rocks in the Selkirk Mountains to the southwest. The actual fault itself is not exposed but can be closely located at a number of places. Just north of Surprise Rapids, the fault separates strongly sheared quartzites, grits, and conglomerates on the southwest from limestones and metamorphosed limy argillites belonging to the Kinbasket limestone to the northeast. It is covered by alluvium at this locality and to the northwest is close to the Columbia River and is not exposed. Northwest of Kinbasket Lake the main fault appears to be immediately southwest of the Columbia River. A wide zone of shearing along the southwest side of the river contains a grey calcareous mica schist locally including masses of grey limestone. These rocks are probably sheared and metamorphosed parts of the Kinbasket limestone. The fault contact between the calcareous rocks and gneissic quartzites and schists to the southwest can be located fairly accurately, but close studies are necessary to define individual faults. Faults northeast of Kinbasket Lake are probably subsidiary to the main fault beneath the lake. Two faults have been recognized and are described on page 97. One is steeply dipping where it crosses the Sullivan River; it appears to swing westward in strike and to flatten in dip to the northwest. The other, on the south- 2325.K 102 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 west slope of Kinbasket Mountain, dips to the southwest and is marked by a spectacular zone of breccia. Regional Structure Something of the structural history of the White River Break and the Trench fault zone can be deduced from regional structural relationships. The White River Break is regarded by Henderson (1954, p. 44) as a thrust fault dipping to the southwest. Near the mouth of the Bush River it passes out of McKay strata into more competent and probably older rocks and to the northwest is included in a zone referred to as the Trench fault zone. Regional speculation suggests that one or more faults may enter the Rocky Mountain Trench from the south, between the Bush River and Kinbasket Lake. Two faults are indicated by the following observations. Structural trends southwest of the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley and near Surprise Rapids differ somewhat in strike from structural trends southwest of Kinbasket Lake and farther to the northwest. Structural trends near Golden in the Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountains (see North and Henderson, 1954, p. 16) suggest that the hills southwest of the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley are structurally part of the Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountains. Those near Kinbasket Lake are in the Selkirk Mountains. North and Henderson, from a study of Evan's map of the Dogtooth Mountains (295a), suggest that a major southwesterly dipping thrust fault crosses the southeast slope of those mountains and reaches the Columbia River near Beavermouth. They regard it as a fault of regional extent along the eastern side of the Purcell Mountains and have named it the Purcell thrust, although the fault as a major structural feature has not been studied in the field. A second fault is suggested by topographic lineaments. Topographic maps, especially the 10 miles to the inch landforms map No. 1e (South Eastern British Columbia), show a pronounced lineament along the upper Beaver and Duncan Rivers. Near the Columbia River the lineament is poorly defined, but projected northward it would reach the Rocky Mountain Trench near Kinbasket Lake. Possibly this lineament follows a regional fault. The relationship of these faults to the White River Break is uncertain, but it is clear that the relative movement along the Trench fault zone has been a thrusting of the southwest side toward the northeast. The thrusting is shown by the folds and faults that follow the northeast side of the Rocky Mountain Trench northwest of Surprise Rapids. Folds overturned toward the northeast and broken by thrust faults dipping to the southwest are well displayed in the Solitude and Cummins Ranges. Steeply plunging warps on both sides of the trench indicate that late movements on the fault zone included some strike slip, with northeast side moving northwest. Of great significance to the development of the Trench fault zone and the regional structural history is the age of the regional metamorphism. Very little evidence is available, but the known data suggest that some faulting preceded metamorphism. The following observations are significant:— (1) Near Surprise Rapids brief reconnaissance has shown that rocks on either side of the fault zone are of about the same metamorphic grade. Metamorphic zones appear to be relatively narrow in this area and close mapping might show whether or not metamorphic facies cross the fault zone without offset. (2) Thin sections of fault breccia in limestone north of Kinbasket Lake (see p. 97) reveal the presence of small metacrysts of muscovite and biotite both in the matrix and in breccia fragments. The metacrysts are essen- LODE METALS 103 tially undeformed and appear to have grown in the breccia since it was formed. (3) Northwest of Kinbasket Lake a zone of limy biotite-muscovite schist and limestone as much as half a mile wide marks the Trench fault zone. It lies mainly on the southwest side of the river and forms a relatively narrow zone, probably dipping to the southwest, which lies above a much wider zone of folds overturned to the northeast (see p. 101 and Fig. 14). The schist and limestone appear to be highly sheared Kinbasket limestone, and are similar to, though of higher metamorphic grade than, limy phyllite of the McKay group in the White River Break to the southeast. Possibly the faulting which produced the sheared rocks was followed by metamorphism in the area northwest of Kinkasket Lake. The White River Break in the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley and for several miles to the southeast is complicated by faults not directly related to it. Little is known of the faults on the southwest side of the valley. They appear to be steeply dipping local faults which have broken the strata into a series of wedge- shaped blocks. The faults have a pattern that implies that they are later than the White River Break. Along the northeast side of the Succour Creek-Blackwater Creek valley is a zone of thrust faults dipping to the northeast. The faults are closely related to folds overturned toward the southwest. Northwest of the Bush River these folds are transected by folds related to the Trench fault zone, and it is concluded that the northeastward dipping thrusts are older than the southwestward dipping thrusts, and that probably they also are older than the White River Break. Nepheline Syenite Two small masses of nepheline syenite occur within the area studied. One is exposed along the Big Bend Highway about 1 Vi miles southeast of the Sullivan River and the other is in the Solitude Range 8 to 9 miles southeast of the Sullivan River and about 2 Vi miles northeast of the highway. A third mass is reported to form the summit of Trident Peak and to extend southeast toward Windy Creek, but it was not visited. The syenite exposed in rock cuts along the Big Bend Highway southeast of the Sullivan River is mainly medium-grained light-grey granitoid rock with a vague gneissic banding. Feldspar and small amounts of amphibole and locally biotite can be recognized in the field. Thin sections show a high proportion of plagioclase, less microcline-microperthite, and scattered grains of an isotropic feldspathoid. Where exposed in road cuts, the contact of the syenite with wallrocks is concordant and gradational. Wallrocks are mainly mica schists, which locally have calcareous interbeds. The northwestern part of the syenite and its western contact are beneath the river flats, so that the true size and shape of the mass is not known. The syenite in the Solitude Range forms an irregular dyke-like body a little more than a mile long and less than 1,000 feet wide, with its long axis trending about north 70 degrees west. The dyke-like body crosses the valley of Caribou Creek, a tributary of the Columbia, about 2Vi miles from the river. It cuts irregularly across part of the Kinbasket limestone. The texture of the syenite varies from place to place. Near the western end, on the northwest side of Caribou Creek, it is coarse grained with closely packed moderately well-formed crystals of potash feldspar and minor interstitial biotite. Toward the east it becomes fine to medium grained and near the east end is quite variable in texture and composition. Many dyke-like tongues extend into the limestone and limy argillite around the eastern end of the 104 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 mass, and inclusions of limestone within the syenite are common. Most of the syenite is composed of microcline-microperthite, nepheline, biotite, and locally carbonate. Amphibole, epidote, and garnet are present in coarse-grained lenses near the eastern end of the syenite mass. Contacts of the syenite with the enclosing limestone are generally well defined but in detail are highly irregular and are gradational over a few feet. On the southwest side of Caribou Creek, limestone forming inclusions in or lying along the margins of the syenite is altered to a fine-grained greenish rock composed mainly of calcite with interstitial feldspar, clinozoisite, and chlorite. Mineral Deposits In this geological reconnaissance, time did not permit a study of the mineral deposits. Only three occurrences of sulphide mineralization are known to the writer within the map-area. Showings of lead and zinc on the southwest side of Kinbasket Lake were discovered many years ago. A sulphide-bearing shear zone is reported in the canyon of the Cummins River about 1 mile from the Big Bend Highway. White quartz containing grey copper was noted in the Blackwater Range during the present work. The Kinbasket property is on the south side of the lake Kinbasket between Trident and Windy Creeks, and was covered by two Crown-granted claims which recently have reverted to the Crown. Galena in quartz was discovered on the claims in the 1890's, but little work was done until about 1948. In 1951 the property was under option to The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, who did detailed geological mapping and exploration of sphalerite and galena replacements of limestone. The showings were drilled and the option was dropped in the latter part of the year. No further work has been done. The limestones, quartzites, and schists southwest of Kinbasket Lake have already been described (p. 99). The rocks are isoclinally folded and dip about 50 degrees to the southwest into the hill. The showings are 300 to 400 feet above lake-level and are described in the Annual Report for 1951 as follows:— " The original discovery is in quartzite and quartz-mica schist in the apex of a sharp fold surrounded by crystalline limestone estimated to be 100 feet or more thick. Quartz masses roughly follow the bedding but also break across it in the fractured apex of the fold in quartzite. An adit is driven 25 feet to the southwest across the main concentrations of quartz, and a branch 16 feet to the northwest reaches a shaft about 25 feet below the collar. A length of about 40 feet of quartz lenses in quartzite is exposed on the northwesterly limb of the fold, in masses up to 6 feet wide and making up about half the material encountered by the adit. Coarsely cubic galena occurs in masses as much as 2 feet across. Stripping for 100 feet to the northwest shows the same quartz zone about 3 feet wide and containing some galena. " Limestone in the northwesterly limb of the same fold is acutely dragfolded and appears to terminate in a series of sharp fingers about 1,000 feet northwest of the main fold. Continuity farther to the northwest had not been established, but it is probable that the limestone is greatly thinned by squeezing, and the continuation of it is not readily seen. Replacement by sphalerite and galena occurs over much of this distance, in thin bands up to 3 or 4 inches wide, and in local aggregates of such bands across widths of several feet. Mineralization is apparently concentrated in the dragfold ' fingers.' " Quartz float containing grey copper in the Blackwater Range was found at an elevation of about 6,000 feet near the head of a creek known locally as Clearwater LODE METALS 105 Creek, which flows into Blackwater Creek near the outlet of Blackwater Lake. The material was not found in place, but an old camp-site and tools suggested that showings were near by. In recent years, interest has been taken in masses of nepheline syenite in the Rocky Mountains and in ranges immediately west of them because uraniferous pyro- chlore in places is associated with the syenite. Radioactive minerals are reported to be present in the delta of Trident Creek and are presumed to have come from masses of syenite near the head of the creek. Geiger-counter field tests of the two syenite bodies within the map-area (see p. 103) gave counts only as high as twice the normal background. The highest counts were obtained from altered limestones near the syenite on the southwest side of Caribou Creek. References Allan, J. A. (1914): Geology of Field Map-area, B.C. and Alberta, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 55. Coleman, A. P. (1889): Notes on the Geography and Geology of the Big Bend of the Columbia River, Roy. Soc, Canada, Trans., Vol. 7, Sec. 4, pp. 97-108. Evans, C. S. (1933): Brisco-Dogtooth Map-area, British Columbia, Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1932, Pt. A II, pp. 106-187. Gunning, H. C. (1929): Geology and Mineral Deposits of Big Bend Map-area, B.C., Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1928, Pt. A, pp. 136-194. Henderson, G. G. L. (1954): Geology of the Stanford Range, B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 35. Jones, A. G. (1951): Geology of the Mica Creek Damsite on Columbia River, British Columbia, Geol. Surv., Canada, Special Report. (1959): Vernon Map-area, British Columbia, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 296. North, F. K, and Henderson, G. G. L. (1954): Summary of the Geology of the Southern Rocky Mountains of Canada, Alta. Soc. Pet. Geol., Guide Book, pp. 15-81. (1954): The Rocky Mountain Trench, idem, pp. 82-100. Okulitch, V. J. (1949): Geology of Part of the Selkirk Mountains in the Vicinity of the Main Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Geol. Surv., Canada, Bull. No. 14. McCULLOCH CREEK* Gold Stanmack Mining Co. Ltd. were worked in 1895. (51 ° 118° S.E.) Registered office, 625 Fort Street, Victoria. C. W. Stanberry, president. Capital: Authorized, 1,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value, issued 500,000 shares. This company holds the original Ole Bull and Orphan Boy claims which Six additional claims have been located, tying in the Orphan Boy and the Ole Bull claims. The property is in the Groundhog Basin at the headwaters of McCulloch Creek, and is accessible by road from Mile 57 on the Big Bend Highway. The road follows the north side of the Goldstream River for a distance of 8 miles, then turns and follows McCulloch Creek for 5V_ miles. The rocks in the area are mainly mica and chloritic schists which appear to strike northwest and dip to the northeast fairly flatly. The schists are cut by numerous quartz veins which appear to be parallel, striking north 10 degrees east and dipping very steeply to the west. The quartz veins, which range from 6 inches * By J. D. McDonald. 106 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 to 8 feet thick, contain stringers of pyrite. The wider veins are found on the Orphan Boy claim. It has been reported that free gold is found in the quartz or associated with the pyrite. Coarse placer gold is found in McCulloch Creek and its small tributaries. In 1959 a road to the property was completed and the quartz veins on surface were opened up so that channel samples could be taken below the oxidized covering. REVELSTOKE* Silver-Lead-Zinc (51 ° 118 ° S.E.) Head office, 405, 25 Adelaide Street West, Mastodon Toronto; mine office, Revelstoke. D. F. Kidd, mine manager. (Mastodon Zinc This company holds about fifty Crown-granted claims cross- Mines Limited) ing the ridge between La Forme and Carnes Creeks about 17 miles north of Revelstoke. The main camp and mill are on the north side of La Forme Creek at an elevation of about 3,400 feet, 4V_ miles by road from a point on the Big Bend Highway 17 miles north of Revelstoke. The mine is on the divide between La Forme Creek and Carnes Creek at an elevation of about 5,000 feet. It is serviced from the main camp by an incline and a narrow- gauge railway. The mine has been idle since October, 1953, and the machinery and buildings have been maintained by watchmen. The mine camp and near-by workings are on the east side of a broad northerly trending upland valley which forms a saddle between the deep valleys of La Forme Creek to the south and Carnes Creek to the north. Outcrops are scarce near the workings and on the lower slopes of the upland valley, but are abundant on the steep slopes of the deep valleys and on high ridges to the east. The writer spent the month of August in a geological study of the mine and in a short reconnaissance of the surrounding region. Before the mine was closed, the walls of essentially all the underground workings had been washed with pressure hoses. In this study the workings were mapped on 20 feet to the inch, showings about half a mile north of the mine were mapped by compass and tape, and reconnaissance traverses were made between Carnes and La Forme Creeks east of the mine. The early history of the property is summarized in the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines for 1950. Road construction from the Big Bend Highway was started in 1950, and in 1951 and part of 1952 a 150-ton mill, a hydro-electric plant on La Forme Creek, and camp buildings were constructed. By July, 1952, the mine, connected to the mill by an incline and a narrow-gauge railway, was ready for production. Between August and December about 16,400 tons of ore was milled, from which a zinc concentrate was produced. Although there was no further production, work at the mine continued until the end of October, 1953, during which time a low adit level, the 5000 level, was driven. The Mastodon orebodies are replacements of calcareous rocks, principally by sphalerite. Regionally the orebodies are on the western side of a lenticular mass of limestone and dolomite which extends northwest from the upper slopes of the east fork of La Forme Creek to Carnes Creek, a distance of about 3 miles, and has a maximum width from east to west of about three-quarters of a mile. These carbonate rocks are in contact on both the east and west with dark-grey and, less commonly, green phyllites. All the rocks are isoclinally folded and strongly sheared. In general the limestones and the phyllites have a pronounced foliation which is either banding or cleavage. Bedding is rarely seen and is difficult to identify. The foliation strikes to the northwest and dips to the northeast at angles ranging from 20 * By J. T. Fyles. LODE METALS 107 to 70 degrees and averaging about 45 degrees. Because of structural complexities neither the regional structure nor the stratigraphy is known. Folds that are recognized are too highly sheared to permit the determination of local stratigraphy, and regional mapping was not extensive enough to establish a general stratigraphic sequence. Dragfolds, which are locally common and well displayed, plunge at 20 to 45 degrees to the north and in the area studied have the form of a letter " Z " in section looking down the plunge. Because essentially all the dragfolds have the same Z shape, it is thought that they are related to regional shearing and probably cannot be used in the determination of the positions of axes of major folds. The Mastodon mine has four principal levels: the 5500 level, formerly called No. 1 level; the 5300 level, formerly No. 2 level; the 5100 level, formerly No. 3 level; and the 5000 level, formerly No. 4 level. These levels are at elevations of 5,540, 5,320, 5,130, and 5,040 feet respectively. The levels are connected by inclined raises; the three lower levels are adits and the 5500 level is connected to surface 60 feet above by an inclined shaft. The 5300 level is caved near the portal. A sublevel drift, the 5200 level, is at an elevation of 5,240 feet. Near the orebodies the workings are extensive enough and close enough together to permit the tracing of contacts and projection of rock units, but the 5100 and 5300 level crosscuts and much of the 5000 level are too widely separated to enable the projection of geological units from one working to the next. In detailed geological studies a relatively great number of rock types can be recognized in the mine. They comprise a series of limestones, dolomites, and phyllites, with few distinctive rock types and no easily recognized markers. Several types have been formed by the bleaching and shearing of others. Because of this and because of complexities of the structure, a stratigraphic sequence is not recognized. The rock units shown in Figure 15 are generalized. Only significant contacts are shown, and details of the lithology are given in the following paragraphs. Most limestone is finely crystalline, blocky, light to dark grey, and more or less well banded. Colour bands a fraction of an inch to about 2 inches apart resemble gneissic foliation, and probably at most places are not bedding. Where seen on crests of folds, the bands are parallel to the axial planes of the folds and not to limestone-phyllite contacts which represent the bedding. Variations in width and colour of the bands produce marked variations in the appearance of the limestone. Along strongly sheared contacts and on certain joint planes, the limestone is white with little or no banding and apparently has been bleached. Dolomite in general is blocky, very fine grained, and without banding. Dark- grey to black, and buff to white dolomite are the most common types. The dolomite in general differs from the limestone in being finer grained, less well banded, and more strongly jointed. Locally the dolomite closely resembles the limestone, and the two are difficult to distinguish without the use of dilute acid. Bleached zones several inches wide following joints or narrow quartz veinlets are found in the dark-grey dolomite, and it seems probable that the buff to white dolomite has formed by widespread bleaching. Phyllites of various colours are the third type of rock found in the mine. They are grey, greenish or brownish grey, very light grey, and green. Differences between the phyllites are slight, and correlations of rock types between workings are difficult. Thin sections reveal that quartz, sericite, and minor tourmaline with or without chlorite, biotite, and carbonates are the principal constituents. Scattered pyrite and carbonaceous material is common. The various colours of phyllite appear to have little or no stratigraphic significance. Biotite is a minor constituent, but it greatly affects the colour. Rocks con- 155 SJ° ??%=:::^_-^V45 -~_^4S 40 55 ££=_5_? \\ .i\""" ^K_" 55 ElBSjL i° Nf\\ ^ 4 \\ fi-45 va&r 65 V o 10 W."_ ^__<5 ^ c o Z o < \\P\\50 ^ ^f_ Jl ' ^* I* \\V_\\ i _^ ._k. ' ^_V^ \\tn ' >^K VH eo t_J/ v4gp y\\^ \\___ ,"s yS\\ tC "" \\ ^*\\ \\u i'N>-? f"\\ \\ VfcX \\_~ 1 1 ~~"? ^A v ^ , / b™ SC.1^ ^ s~ . _ p/ v ^S_V° ' \\\\4C M Wj^' r w_o s__\\° ^ '^ v_ jf5 s' c %_ >■ v. «. NR^ ..* ^?£k W ., ^5S\\ \\ / \\ r. v-.<" .S, s I ^v-5 0\\j« 1 I '", R vm o \\ w|m -*>, > ,40 1§ % 25 yiyf \\v70 f 10 j /60 ^S V _--X* 5100 level\\j. W15 5300 t -"\\-\\* . - ' t CROSSCUT \\ _r^C-\\6 /^''V S'/^ LEGEND 30 3^-\\^ S? *3 PORTAL 385 FT. N*\\60 S--_V*v ••»° U-J-i-. Limestone iDolomite ation *v§ 5_ ^ i^^-^ | jPhyllite l_W 1 Sulphide mineraliz Geological contact defined 10 45 "~_vv p .ldefined approximate 15 ~V"A~ approximate '-^ Foliation Axes of dragfolds —»•—* plunging, horizonta Level working Ss k 5300 LEVEL "<^45 _25 __ --■"_-2| e Sample location C-V r C0LLAF -"' 30^500^ 5|-|3(NO.I)SHAFT J^j7 LEVEL W. r | 40 0 40 . Yoo\\ ^_)3S Figure 15. Geology of part of Mastodon mine, La Forme Creek. LODE METALS 109 taining biotite are grey and brownish grey, those containing chlorite are greenish and become greener in proportion to the amount of chlorite. Biotite has developed from chlorite, and hence the colour of the phyllite is to some extent an indication of the grade of metamorphism. Certain phyllites, particularly those in the footwall of some orebodies, have been bleached, probably by silicification and sericitization. Because colour appears to have little or no stratigraphic significance and because of structural complexities, lithological subdivisions of the phyllites have not been made. The phyllites have a more or less well-developed cleavage. Some are more highly sheared than others, but no continuous shear zones have been recognized from the distribution of sheared rocks. Banding is poorly developed in the phyllites, and bedding cannot be recognized with assurance. One distinctive variety of phyllite, encountered at several places, is composed of alternating bands a few inches thick of green phyllite and white limestone. This variety of phyllite is seen at several places but is not associated with the same rock types and probably is not a stratigraphic unit. The bands display tight dragfolds and may themselves be sheared infolds of limestone and phyllite. The rock types decribed in the preceding paragraphs are found on all the levels. In addition, somewhat different types of dolomite and phyllite are found on the 5000 level. Some light-grey dolomite on the 5000 level is medium grained and contains grey and dark-grey bands half an inch to a few inches thick. The bands are discontinuous, fade out gradually into light-grey dolomite, and in places change attitude abruptly in distances of a few feet as though they were in adjacent blocks of a coarse breccia. A striking dolomite breccia is found on the 5000 level. It is composed of black carbonaceous dolomite containing rounded and angular blocks of white or light-grey fine-grained dolomite as much as 1 foot across. This breccia, which probably forms large irregular lenses, is exposed at two places in the 5000 drift but is not seen elsewhere in the mine. Some of the phyllites encountered on the 5000 level are more coarsely crystalline than those on the other levels. They are light grey and contain visible scattered flakes of brown biotite. Structure.—The rocks in the mine are isoclinally folded and strongly sheared. Foliation dips to the northeast at angles ranging from about 20 to 70 degrees. The average strike of the foliation is north 30 degrees west, and the average dip is about 45 degrees to the northeast. Relatively small isoclinal dragfolds can be seen at many places in most of the workings, and several larger dragfolds can be seen or inferred. No major folds are recognized, and all the folds seen or inferred are termed dragfolds. Axial planes of the dragfolds strike about north 30 degrees west and dip 30 to 50 degrees to the northeast. The plunge of the axes varies widely from gently northwest and north to northeast down the dip of the foliation planes. Most of the dragfolds have the shape of the letter " Z " looking down the plunge. A few gently plunging dragfolds in the 5300 crosscut have the shape of the letter " S." Most dragfolds are tight and show marked overlap; many have sheared limbs. The plunge, shape, and origin of the dragfolds are of concern in exploration because the zinc mineralization is partly controlled by the dragfolds. Probably more than one generation of dragfolds is present in the mine, but it is difficult and in most cases impossible to distinguish one generation from another. In well-exposed gently plunging folds, banding in the limestone is parallel to axial plane cleavage and is not folded, whereas some steeply plunging dragfolds are outlined by folded banding. Possibly steeply plunging dragfolds are superimposed on older more gently plunging folds. Z-shaped dragfolds plunging more or less down the dip of the foliation form part of a regional pattern which is probably related to regional shear. Judging from the shape of the dragfolds, the direction of shear has been of the west side northward. 110 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The plunge of the dragfolding has been studied statistically. Plunges of axes exposed well enough to be measured in the course of underground mapping were plotted in stereographic projection, and a contoured diagram of the plot is shown in Figure 17. The diagram shows the wide variation in the plunge and the high proportion of axes plunging down the dip of the foliation. Some general variations in plunge from place to place in the mine were noted, but available data were insufficient to make statistical plots for each level. In Figure 17 the maxima at A and at C are made up of plunges from all levels, whereas the maximum at B is largely pro- duced by plunges measured at the eastern end of the 5000 crosscut. The diagram Figure 16. Geological cross-sections, Mastodon mine. LODE METALS 111 can be interpreted to mean that two generations of folds are present, one plunging gently to the northwest, and the other plunging to the northeast down the dip of the foliation. This interpretation is in accordance with observations referred to in the preceding paragraph. Several shear zones referred to as strike faults are recognized, and probably many more are present which have not been recognized. They strike northwest and dip at moderate angles to the northeast parallel to the foliation. The known strike faults, which are marked by a relatively inconspicuous zone of sheared and crushed rock, are along contacts between contrasting types of rock. They are difficult to recognize, and continuous shear zones have not been found wholly within the phyllites where there is no marked contrast in rock type. On the levels the faults follow one contact for relatively great distances, but in the raises they pass rapidly from one contact to another and from one fold to the next (see Fig. 16). The strike faults appear to constitute a primary control of the zinc mineralization. Orebodies.—The orebodies are replacements of limestone, dolomite, and phyllite mainly by sphalerite. The sphalerite ranges in colour from light yellowish- brown to dark brown. Brown and light-brown sphalerites, which occur in limestone and dolomite, are more abundant than dark-brown sphalerite, which is found mainly in phyllite and dark-coloured limestone and dolomite. Fine-grained galena is present in minor amounts, and grey copper is found locally. Unreplaced remnants of the host rocks constitute the gangue. The mineralized zones that have been explored and mined are in or close to the strike faults just described. Some are in the fault zones; others are in folds or in banding related to cleavage, both of which are cut by the faults. The orebodies dip to the northeast and rake to the north. They are tabular or lenticular and commonly split or branch. Assays of samples are given in the following table, and the locations of the samples are shown in Figure 15. CHANNEL SAMPLES Sample No. Location Width Gold Silver Lead Zinc 1 Ft. In. 4 2 10 5 6 5 6 6 7 6 6 6 3 9 6 6 6 2 5 3 5 9 4 5 5 4 4 10 4 3 4 2 6 9 6 5 _. 8 6 3 5 6 4 Oz. per Ton Trace Nil 0.01 Nil Trace Nil Nil Nil Nil Trace Trace Nil Nil Nil Trace Nil Nil Nil Trace Trace Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Trace Trace Nil Oz. per Ton 0.5 Nil Trace Nil 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 6.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 Nil 0.9 0.2 Nil Nil 0.1 Nil Nil Trace Nil Nil Nil 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 Per Cent 1.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.46 0.P8 1.0 Trace 12.4 1.4 0.5 0.7 Trace 0.5 0.3 Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Nil Nil 0.05 1.49 2.74 2.44 2.40 Per Cent 37.0 2 2.8 3 13.2 4 15.8 5 6 East side - 20.9 21.8 7 28.4 8 25 7 9 34.9 10 17.9 11 34 6 12 34 6 13 23 6 14 9.2 15 28 2 16 29 8 17 31 0 18 24 3 19 22 5 20 9 6 21 8 0 22 23 24 1.7 4.3 25 26 3 8 27 4 1 28 17 7 29 5 8 112 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The largest orebody, which is followed by the 53-23 drift (see Fig. 15) and is here referred to as the 53-23 orebody, has been mined between the 5200 and 5300 levels. It is a slightly curved tabular to lenticular orebody with a strike length of 200 to 300 feet, and a width parallel to the dip of 150 to 200 feet. The orebody strikes about north 30 degrees west and dips 50 to 55 degrees to the northeast. Near the 5300 level it is slightly concave to the northeast, whereas on the 5200 level it is concave to the southwest. The mineralization is along a shear zone on the contact between a light-grey phyllite on the southwest or footwall and grey limestone on the northeast. Most of the sphalerite is in limestone, but some is in the footwall phyllite within a foot or two of the contact. Dark-brown sphalerite occurs in cleavage planes in the phyllite as closely spaced lenses less than an inch thick and a foot or so long. In the limestone immediately above the phyllite, sphalerite is massive or occurs as the matrix of a breccia enclosing irregular unreplaced limestone fragments up to a few inches across. Above this massive and breccia ore, sphalerite occupies fractures or fine crackles in the limestone. The footwall is well defined, and the hangingwall is gradational. The orebody has a fairly uniform thickness of 5 to 10 feet and pinches out rapidly toward the extremities. On most of the 5300 level and part of the 5200 level it appears to follow a single strike fault, referred to here as the 53-23 shear. Toward the southeast the fault splits. Mineralized zones follow the branch faults, and the form of the orebodies becomes complicated. One of these mineralized zones on branch faults has been mined at the south end of the 5200 level in the 52-22 stope. Sphalerite occurs in dark-grey to black dolomite along what appears to be a gently north-plunging anticlinal crest cut by a number of strike faults (see Fig. 16, section B-B). One fault which dips about 30 degrees to the northeast marks the footwall of the dolomite and separates it from light-grey phyllite beneath. Two faults branch upward through the dolomite from the footwall fault. Slivers of phyllite a foot or so thick are found locally in the dolomite along the branch faults. The sphalerite occurs in irregular lenses or bands, some of which are breccia. Most dip gently to the northeast, and a few have a jagged fold pattern suggestive of a riding of the hangingwall over the footwall. The mineralization becomes narrower and of lower grade toward the south but probably is continuous with that in the upper part of the 51-15 raise (see Fig. 16, section A-A). The 53-23 orebody has been mined down to the 5200 level and is explored below by the 51-30 raise. The 53-23 shear appears to split down the dip, and the hangingwall split, which follows an apparently favourable limestone-phyllite contact, is not mineralized 50 feet below the 5200 level. The footwall split passes downward through phyllites until it transects an anticlinal mass of limestone and is again mineralized. This lower mineralized zone has been mined in the 51-21 stope south of the 51-30 raise. The orebody in the 51-21 stope, here called the 51-21 orebody, is lenticular and plunges gently to the north. Like the 53-23 orebody, it is mainly in limestone above a strike fault, dipping about 40 degrees to the northeast with a footwall of light-grey phyllite. The orebody has been mined for 135 feet along the level and to as much as 50 feet above the level. The mineralization lenses out rapidly both up and down the dip. To the south it gradually thins and to the north continues for about 100 feet along the level. Immediately north of the 51-21 stope the footwall fault is joined by subparallel faults which truncate a series of gently plunging isoclinal infolds of limestone and phyllite. The faults and the mineralization pass from the limestone into the phyllite toward the northwest, and within the phyllite the S3 . P. T3 > C o ta — —: o > c a CL B o u B o ~ M O 3 124 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 grey crystalline rock of medium-grained porphyritic texture and composed of plagioclase feldspar, alkali feldspar, quartz, pyroxene, chlorite, sericite, and a little tourmaline. A rock of this type is noted in the 1949 Annual Report as occurring in the main breccia pipe at two points. It was there considered to represent recrys- tallized feldspathic sediment. Although some of the feldspar in the writer's specimens is evidently secondary, the blocks may represent an earlier and still unidentified intrusive rock. In No. 6 level crosscut, between 90 and 160 feet east of the footwall of the main pipe, tourmalinization is most marked along near-vertical shears striking north 10 degrees east and north 60 degrees east. At the Invermay showings, 1 mile northwest of the main breccia pipe, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite are found in a breccia in the quartz-diorite stock. Here a similar relationship of tourmaline to the same shear directions is well shown. Figure 20 illustrates the relationship of the main breccia pipe to the surrounding rocks and structures. Geological continuities and fold axes are as interpolated by the writer from the outcrop map. The pipe lies within a zone of close folding, with which it plunges steeply northwest to about the elevation of No. 6 level. However, the reversal in plunge to southeastward below No. 6 suggests that the formation of the breccia pipe was only partly controlled by fracturing due to folding. Other facts possibly related to the origin of the breccia include the following. The diorite intrusives occur as sills or as fillings of fractures related to the sills, and the gabbro boss is of irregular shape, with large inclusions of sediments and a sill apophysis. This indicates that at the time of intrusion the area was one of dilatation when relief of stress would largely be by fracturing and brecciation. The common presence of tourmaline in the A.M. breccia in sediments and in the Invermay breccia a mile away in quartz diorite, along parallel shear directions, strongly suggests some history, at least, in common. The marked parallelism between bedding planes inside the breccia pipe and those outside is hard to reconcile with the hypothesis offered in an earlier Report that the breccia is a sharpstone conglomerate. The distribution of sulphides is shown in Figure 13 of the 1954 Report to be around the periphery of the pipe rather than through the mass as a whole. This could have been brought about by a late and minor pre-sulphide movement of the breccia as a unit, a movement which probably would be concentrated near the contacts with the unbrecciated sediments and leave the interior relatively unaffected. It is indicated that the breccia is tectonic in origin, and not formational. It is further indicated that the breccia and the folding had a common origin rather than that the breccia formed as a direct consequence of folding and therefore was limited in extent by it. The latest folding and the brecciation could be the product of a strong transverse movement on the north-south fault along the contact between the Dewdney Creek group and the Hozameen group 1 mile due west of the property. HOPE* Nickel-Copper (49° 121 ° S.W.) Company office, 844 West Hastings Street, Pride of Emory Vancouver 1; mine office, Hope. W. Clarke Gibson, presi- (Giant Nickel dent; J. M. McDearmid, manager; J. Ehlers, mine super- Mines Limited) intendent. The property is at the head of Stulkawhits (Texas) Creek, which flows eastward into the Fraser River about 6 miles north of Hope. From a point on the Trans-Canada Highway 10 miles north of Hope, a good gravel road 5.1 miles long leads up Stulkawhits Creek to the mill * By A. R. C. James. View south in Manning Park from Valley View Lookout. Giant Nickel Mines Limited. Mill. 126 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 and surface buildings at the 2600 adit portal. A branch road from this point gives access to the 3550 adit portal. The Pride of Emory showing was found in 1923 by Carl Zofka, and since that time development and production have been carried on by several different companies. B.C. Nickel Mines, Ltd., developed the property from 1933 to 1937. Two adits were driven at the 3275 and 3550 levels, 130,000 feet of diamond drilling was done, and 5,556 tons of ore was shipped. In 1938 a new company, Pacific Nickel Mines Limited, was formed, but the property remained inactive until 1951, when geophysical surveys were conducted by Newmont Exploration Company and McPhar Geophysics. As a result of this work, Pacific Nickel Mines Limited and Newmont Mining Corporation formed a new company, Western Nickel Limited. Under Newmont management, this company continued the development of the mine from 1952 to 1954. A new adit at the 2600 level was driven 6,000 feet, a 57-degree raise was driven to the 2950 level, and further underground and surface drilling was done. The property remained dormant from October, 1954, to April, 1957, when The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited was appointed to conduct the management of the mine. This company prepared the property for production. The road from the mine to the highway was rebuilt throughout, and numerous new surface buildings and a concentrator were built near the 2600 level portal. Production started in lanuary, 1958, but, owing to economic difficulties, was suspended in July, 1958, after 131,133 tons of ore had been mined. Again the property remained inactive, until in April, 1959, the present company took over and recommenced production on July 5th. The ore occurs in a number of separate orebodies, the principal ones being the Pride of Emory, the Brunswick Nos. 2 and 5, and the 2663, which was mined out in 1958. The first three orebodies mentioned are mainly above the 3550 level. The orebodies are pipe-like in form and occur in an irregular northerly plunging mass of ultrabasic rock, approximately 2 square miles in area. They comprise concentrations of sulphides, of which pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite are the most common, in the ultrabasic rocks. The mine is developed from two adit levels —the 3550 level, with portals on both west and east sides of the mine, and the 2600 level, which is the main haulage level. An ore-pass and an internal inclined shaft join the two levels. In 1959 all the ore was mined from stopes in the Pride of Emory and the Brunswick Nos. 2 and 5 orebodies above the 3550 level. The Brunswick No. 2 orebody was developed and put into production in the latter half of 1959, and a raise was driven to surface from this orebody. By the end of the year all mining was being done by longhole blasting methods, the ore being loaded into cars by mucking-machines at draw points on the 3550 level. The lower section of the Pride of Emory orebody was mined out, and development work was in progress at the year-end to begin mining the upper section of this orebody, which is offset from the lower section. A raise was completed through this orebody to the surface. The following development work was done in 1959: Drifting, 356 feet; raising, 921 feet; diamond drilling, 2,628 feet. The mine is ventilated by natural means, augmented by a Canadian Blower and Forge fan, size 48, powered by a 40-horsepower electric motor, that is located at the west portal on the 3550 level. This fan exhausts about 46,000 cubic feet of air per minute. Air is drawn in at the 2600 and 3550 east portals. In the mill the ore is treated by selective flotation, a separate nickel and copper concentrate being obtained. The nickel concentrate is put through an oil-fired LODE METALS 127 rotary dryer in order to reduce the moisture content to the required limits. A total of 124,500 tons was milled from July 1st to the end of 1959. The number of men employed at the mine was 136, of whom eighty-two were employed underground. A fatal accident occurred on July 9th when William Austin was killed by a fall of rock in the Brunswick No. 5 stope. A report on this accident is given elsewhere in this Report. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1954, pp. 161-163; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 190, 1936.] NORTH VANCOUVER* Iron (49° 123° S.E.) Company office, 450 S.E. Marine Drive, Copper Duke Vancouver 15. G. H. D. Hubbs, president. Western Canada Steel Limited holds an option to purchase this Crown- granted mineral claim one-half mile east of Lynn Creek and 7 miles north of Bur- rard Inlet. Access to the property is by 3V_ miles of trail from the Lynn Creek intake dam. About fifty years ago open-cuts and short adits explored an occurrence of magnetite and copper showings. In 1957 the magnetite occurrence was rediscovered, and in the following year a magnetometer survey was made. In 1959 a diamond drill and supplies were flown in by helicopter. A total of 550 feet of drilling was completed in six holes, five of which cored magnetite ore. Except for an appreciable amount of sulphur occurring as pyrrhotite, the ore is reported to be free of impurities. HOWE SOUND* Copper (49 ° 123 ° N.E.) Head office, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, Britannia (Howe N.Y.; mine office, Britannia Beach. William M. Weaver, Jr., Sound Company president; Frederick A. McGonigle, vice-president; A. G. (Britannia Kirkland, general manager of mines; D. W. Pringle, general Division)) superintendent. This property reopened in January. Con siderable rehabilitation was necessary before milling recommenced in February. Ore was obtained from remnant pillars in the Victoria and No. 8 orebody areas and was mined by shrinkage, cut-and-fill, and filled square-set mining methods. Some exploration was done on the 4100 level in the Victoria mine, where 2,957 feet of drifting and crosscutting was done in an easterly direction to investigate an area in the vicinity of the Britannia shear. Additional exploration and development was done on the 4600 and 4800 levels of the No. 8 mine. During the year milling methods were changed from wet to dry feed in the initial circuit. The ore milled was 300,946 tons, from which copper, zinc, and pyrite concentrates were recovered. During the period that the Tacoma smelter was closed by a strike of the workmen the copper concentrates were stockpiled on the property. The average number of men employed was 380. Germanium LANG BAYf (49° 124° N.E.) Company office, 617, 837 West Hastings Taiga Mines Ltd. Street, Vancouver 1. F. C. Buckland, president. The company holds by record 136 claims on Lang Creek, which flows * By J. E. Merrett. t By N. D. McKechnie. 128 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 southeast into Lang Bay, in the Strait of Georgia, about 14 miles southeast of Powell River. The southern end of the property is crossed by the Powell River Highway, and the power-line to Powell River crosses the middle of the claims in a northwesterly direction, about a mile up Lang Creek from the highway. Good to passable gravel and dirt roads traverse the ground west of the creek. Showings on Lang Creek near the power-line are described in the 1949 Annual Report, page 218. GE 55 GE 53 Scale Figure 21. Taiga Mines Ltd., Lang Bay. Distribution of core drill-holes and trenches. The rocks are soft undisturbed shales, siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerates of Tertiary age underlain by older granodiorite and volcanic rock. The granodiorite is exposed just northeast of Lang Creek and the volcanic rocks about 2 miles west. The exact size and shape of the sedimentary basin are not known. Most of the property is covered by overburden, and rock exposures inland are confined to the channel LODE METALS 129 of Lang Creek and a small stream about half a mile to the west. The germanium is associated with lignite coal and carbonaceous material that occur as threads, stringers, and small isolated masses in the sediments. The largest exposure of coal is in sandstone in the west bank of Lang Creek just downstream from the power-line. It is 5 feet long and up to 2 inches thick. The bedding dips at low angles, as much as 15 degrees, and, in general, westward on the Lang Creek side. Work in progress consisted of bulldozer trenching and the drilling of boreholes. Fourteen holes had been drilled at the time of the writer's visit and one was being drilled in overburden. Of these, core had been taken in seven, all of which were drilled on the west side of Lang Creek on the G.E. 55 and G.E. 56 claims (Fig. 21). The hole designated as CD 15 was still in overburden. Trenches were dug, as shown in Figure 21, at two places on the west bank of Lang Creek, on claims G.E. 55 and G.E. 56, about 2 miles upstream from the highway. w. T3|jH_0 OVERBURDEN liBiiiiiiiiiiiiSSS ^gsismni m* f;U Shale and si Itstone Sandstone 'LEVEL _____] Conglomerate S.W. f | More or less carbonaceous material Scale _! Feet Figure 22. Taiga Mines Ltd., Lang Bay. Sections through core drill-holes. The trench on G.E. 56 exposed 5V_ feet of carbonaceous shale with coal stringers. The trench on G.E. 55 exposed similar material interbedded with sandstone. The sections (Fig. 22) show the relationship of these showings to occurrences of carbonaceous material in the drill cores. Carbonaceous material was found in the following sections of drill cores, starting from the trench on G.E. 55:— 130 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Hole No. Footage Lithology CD 10 67.5- 77.0 74.5- 76.5 81.0 136.0-140.0 101.0-102.0 110.0-115.0 139.0-141.5 61.0- 64.5 CD 11 . CD 12 Coal threads in siltstone. CD 3 CD 13 Sandstone with a few carbonized twigs. Coarse sandstone with very sparse carbonaceous threads. Coarse sandstone with numerous grains and clusters of marcasite and scattered thin carbonaceous bands. The sections of Figure 22 indicate that the distribution of carbonaceous material is erratic. The ratio of core recovered to footage drilled in the carbonaceous sections did not show any appreciable footage of lost core. In hole CD 3 at 143.0 to 146.0 feet a reddish-brown oxidized sandstone, with angular grey cherty grains distributed through the oxidized material, was encountered. Company officials said that appreciable germanium assays had been obtained in samples of this material. Core for hole CD 5 was not available, and hole CD 9 was reported to have entered granodiorite immediately beneath the overburden. Samples were taken of representative material in the trenches and in the carbonaceous sections of the drill cores, and semi-quantitative spectrographic analyses were made. The figures quoted indicate limits determined by visual estimates of the spectrograms. Place Width Samples Material Germanium Trench, G.E. 55 claim— 1.3 ft. 1.5 ft. 1.5 ft. 1.3 ft. 1.4 ft. 4.0 ft. 143-146 ft. 70-74 ft. 84-86 ft. 62-66 ft. 2 in. 3 ft. Carbonaceous shale and coal Per Cent Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.008-0.075 Shale with coal..... .. Red oxidized sandstone 0.005-0.045 Hole CD 3 Nil 0.003-0.03 Hole CD 11 0.017-0.15 Hole CD 13 0.003-0.03 Lang Creek below power-line Coal 0.014-0.12 Sandstone enclosing coal Nil Copper Copper King (Norco Resources Ltd.) MALASPINA INLET* (50° 124° S.W.) Company office, 612, 837 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1. Robert Kennedy, president. This property, comprising sixty-six mineral claims, is east of the head of Theodosia Inlet, an extension of Malaspina Inlet, 25 miles north of Powell River. It is reported that 6 miles of road had been constructed from tidewater to the mineral occurrence. Iron Texada Mines Ltd. * By J. E. Merrett. TEXADA ISLAND* (49° 124° N.W.) Registered office, 626 West Pender Street, Vancouver 2. A. D. Christensen, San Francisco, president; B. L. Alexander, general manager; J. Kenneth Halley, chief engineer; I. Yuill, mine superintendent; L. D. Smillie, mill LODE METALS 131 superintendent. This property, comprising eight Crown-granted and ten recorded mineral claims, is at Welcome Bay, 3 miles northwest of Gillies Bay on the southwest coast of Texada Island. Magnetite was mined in pits having 20-foot benches and a berm of 30 feet for every 100 feet of depth. Waste rock was stripped where necessary. Vertical holes were drilled with Gardner-Denver rotary drills and blasted electrically, using a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel oil as an explosive. The broken ore or waste was loaded by 2 Vi-cubic-yard 80D Northwest shovels on to Kenworth and Euclid dump trucks of 22 and 27 tons capacity respectively and trucked to the waste dumps or to the crushing plant. The 55 level adit, 2,200 feet in length, driven from the shore to explore beneath the Prescott and Yellow Kid ore zones, provided access for diamond-drill investigation of these zones. A large waste stripping programme was commenced, with 240,420 solid cubic yards being removed from the Paxton pit, 79,598 solid cubic yards from the Prescott pit, 409,856 solid cubic yards from the Yellow Kid pit, and 25,054 solid cubic yards stripped from miscellaneous pits. A wet magnetic separation was used to recover magnetite concentrate, and chalcopyrite was recovered by flotation methods. The magnetite concentrate was dried in a rotary kiln, then stockpiled for shipment to lapan. Shipments of chalcopyrite concentrate were made both to the Tacoma smelter and to lapan. Production: Iron concentrate, 422,567 tons; copper concentrate, 3,878 tons. The average number of men employed was 172. LASQUETI ISLAND* Copper (49° 124° S.E.) A small crew under the direction of Dr. C. A. Matteer Ryan, 718 Birks Building, Vancouver, stoped chalcopyrite ore between the main adit and the surface outcrop on this property on the northeast side of Lasqueti Island, immediately west of the former St. Paul workings. A small concentrating plant was erected, and 67 tons of ore was shipped to the Tacoma smelter. MENZIES BAY* Copper (50° 125° S.E.) This property, formerly known as the Chalco Coronation group, comprises four recorded claims located one-half mile west of the Island Highway at Menzies Bay, 12 miles north of Campbell River. The main outcrop is at 500 feet elevation and is accessible by logging-roads. The claims are owned by Seymour Campbell, 4344 West Eleventh Avenue, Vancouver, and were under lease to lames A. Farrell, James A. Robb, and George D. Moore. At the end of the year the leasers transferred their lease and option to purchase to the Geojimal Mining Development Co. Ltd., 314-316 Standard Building, Vancouver. Copper mineralization occurs as narrow flat-lying bands of chalcocite associated with fine-grained black basalt in an amygdaloidal volcanic rock. In 1953, 543 feet of diamond drilling was done by Indian Mines (1946) Ltd., but with negative results. Additional development was done by Argus Consolidated Mines Limited in 1955, when 5 tons of high-grade copper ore was shipped to the Tacoma smelter. In 1959 the leasers drove a 40-foot-long adit following two narrow parallel chalcccite stringers. From this work a shipment of about 18 tons of * By J. E. Merrett. 132 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 sorted ore was trucked to the Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. dock at Hatch Point. The ore averaged about 24 per cent copper and was destined for a Japanese smelter. VANCOUVER ISLAND Port Hardy (50° 127° N.E.)* Copper-Zinc This property, comprising eight recorded claims, is located Frances (The Con- on a logging spur road 6 miles south-southeast of Port Hardy. solidated Mining It is reached by travelling 9 miles by public and private roads. and Smelting It is owned by J. Nanson and G. K. Storey, of Port Hardy, Company of and was optioned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Canada, Limited) Company of Canada, Limited. The mineral deposit is an occurrence of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite in skarn zones at the footwall and hangingwall contacts of a limestone band in Karmutsen volcanics. A crew of five men was employed constructing 1,380 feet of access road, excavating 13 cubic yards of rock cut, and trenching by bulldozer 4,775 cubic yards of surface material. The option was terminated in September. Benson (Elk) Lake (50° 127° S.E.)f Iron Company office, 736 Granville Street, Vancouver 2; mine Empire Develop- office, Port McNeill. George C. Lipsey, general manager. ment Company This property includes the old Merry Widow and Indepen- Limited dent groups, which were owned and developed by Quatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited. Quatsino Copper-Gold holds a 40-per-cent interest in Empire Development Company Limited, which was formed for the mining of iron ore. The property is operated by Mannix Company Limited, the other principal shareholder in Empire Development; company office, 546 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. A. Ostgard replaced A. Shaak as project manager. The mine is on the north and east slopes of Merry Widow Mountain, on the south side of Benson River in the Quatsino-Nimpkish area of Vancouver Island. It is reached by a 25-mile road from Port McNeill, on the east coast of Vancouver Island. The following notes on the geology of the iron deposit are from information supplied by John Lamb, the mine geologist. The rocks are divided into the older Karmutsen volcanic group, the Quatsino formation of limestone with minor volcanic rocks, and the younger Bonanza group of lavas, pyroclastics, and minor sediments. They are intruded by numerous fine-grained green dioritic dykes and sills, locally termed " greenstone dykes," and by younger Coast intrusions which range in composition from granodiorite to gabbro and form a stock west of the ore zone. Epidote-garnet-actinolite skarn is the common metamorphic rock and is developed in the greenstone dykes as well as in the intruded rocks. There appears to be some relationship between the distribution of skarn and that of the greenstone dykes. The volcanic and sedimentary rocks form a west-dipping monocline striking northwest to north-northwest. Faulting with a trend of northeast to north-northeast has been recognized near the ore zone. The principal orebodies occur in two neighbouring zones—the Merry Widow and the Kingfisher. The Merry Widow zone consists of a series of lenses of magnetite in banded volcanic rocks passing into limestone striking east of north and dipping 30 to 50 degrees eastward. The King- * By J. E. Merrett. t By J. E. Merrett and N. D. McKechnie. LODE METALS 133 fisher bodies, entirely in limestone, are two pipes plunging southeastward at about 70 degrees. The trend of mineralization from Merry Widow through Kingfisher parallels the zone of faulting. The magnetite in places shows definite layering, and locally bedding may be traced into more or less massive magnetite. Botryoidal magnetite has been found in the Kingfisher bodies. Rare chalcopyrite as threads and blebs occurs with pyrite and pyrrhotite in the magnetite. Magnetite is mined by conventional open-pit benching methods in two pits on the Merry Widow zone at an elevation of 2,500 feet. Three-inch vertical blast- holes on a 7- by 7-foot pattern are drilled by Gardner-Denver rotary drills using 600-cubic-feet-per-minute portable rotary air compressors. According to the need, blasting is done with 40, 60, or 70 per cent Forcite and Hydromex. The broken ore is loaded by two 2 Vi-cubic-yard P. & H. shovels onto Euclid 25-ton-capacity end-dumping trucks. The ore is trucked approximately one-half-mile to a crushing plant containing a 42- by 48-inch Pioneer primary jaw crusher with a 5-inch setting. The crushed material passes over a 3-inch grizzly, the undersize from which is conveyed directly to the storage pile. The oversize is conveyed to a 48- by 48-inch maximum strength electromagnetic cobber pulley. The magnetic portion is conveyed to the ore storage pile and the waste to a waste dump. The stockpiled ore is withdrawn through a 10-foot-diameter reclaiming tunnel and conveyed to the skip measuring-pocket at the head of a double reversible tram-line of 2,870 feet slope length. The ore is trammed in skips of 7.3 long tons capacity to a 6,000-ton stockpile at the mill at 800 feet elevation. The ore is withdrawn from the stockpile by way of a reclaiming tunnel and conveyed to the concentrator where, by crushing, screening, dry and wet magnetic separation, and dewatering, a — V. -inch magnetite concentrate is produced for truck shipment to the boat-loading dock at Port McNeill. In 1959, 805,735 cubic yards of ore and waste was mined, to produce 393,558 tons of concentrate. The number of men employed averaged 175. Copper This is the same property as that on which the Merry Widow Quatsino and Kingfisher iron deposits are being operated by Mannix Copper-Gold Company Limited for Empire Development Company Lim- Mines Limited ited. It is immediately south of the Old Sport group owned by Coast Copper Company, Limited, a subsidiary of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. A reciprocal option agreement exists, involving exploration rights to copper mineralization on Quatsino property by Consolidated and exploration rights to iron mineralization on Coast Copper property by Quatsino. Mineralization similar to that of the Old Sport ore zone is being explored. It consists of chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite in skarn zones in Quatsino limestone. A crew of seven men under the direction of W. T. Irvine, geologist, did approximately 9,000 feet of diamond drilling in eight holes. Iron Nimpkish Lake (50° 126° S.W.)* Company office, 202, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver Nimpkish, 1; mine office, Camp A, Beaver Cove. S. V. Wines, project Klaanch, etc. manager; D. Burns, mine superintendent; R. Bick, mill (Nimpkish Iron superintendent. This company is jointly owned by Standard Mines, Ltd.) International Mines, a Canadian subsidiary of Standard Slag Co. of Youngstown, Ohio, and International Iron Mines, a Canadian company. The property comprises two Crown-granted and eight recorded * By J. E. Merrett and N. D. McKechnie. 134 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 claims on the southwest side of Nimpkish River north of Teisum Creek. Access to the property is by 6 miles of road south from the south end of Nimpkish Lake or by 26 miles of logging railway south from Beaver Cove on the east coast of Vancouver Island. The magnetite occurs in an area about 600 feet square on the west side of the Nimpkish River, as three massive concentrations in tuffaceous and other volcanic rocks along an irregular north-south contact between limestone and basaltic lavas. The limestone and volcanic rocks are intruded by granodiorite. The most southerly and northerly of the three orebodies are small; the central body is a larger U-shaped mass with granodiorite in the core. This is the principal source of ore. The bodies have been found to range from 150 to 200 feet in depth, with walls that dip inward at about 70 degrees to form steep troughs. According to the mine superintendent, magnetite has been found to occur in limestone only in limited amounts. Skarn wallrock is common and in places forms a breccia healed with magnetite. Limestone in contact with magnetite has been altered to marble. The magnetite is very noticeably porous, a fact which suggests that the deposit may have been formed at medium to low pressures. The magnetite is veined by stringers and irregular masses, suggestive of vug fillings, of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. The company estimates ore reserves of the order of 1,500,000 tons. Mining is by conventional open-pit methods, maintaining an 18-foot bench. Drilling is done with two hydraulically controlled Gardner-Denver air-track drills. The explosive used in dry holes is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, whereas 40 per cent Forcite is used in wet holes. Two Northwest shovels of 1 Viand 2-cubic-yard capacities are used to load the broken material onto five 15-ton Euclid rear-dump trucks. The ore is trucked to a dry magnetic separation plant on the southwest side of Nimpkish River and is delivered to a 42- by 30-inch Kue-Ken primary crusher. The product, minus 5 inches in size, is stockpiled by radial stacker over an 8-foot 6-inch- diameter Rosco reclaiming tunnel. The stockpiled material is conveyed to a double-deck screen, the plus Vi-inch products being crushed to minus Vi-inch size in a gyratory crusher. The crusher discharge feeds directly to two Stearns W.D. (dry) magnetic separators. The non-magnetic portion is rejected to the waste stockpile and the magnetic portion is united with the initial undersized screen product. The concentrate is conveyed across the Nimpkish River to a dry storage shed over another 8-foot 6-inch Rosco reclaiming tunnel. The storage discharge is fed by conveyor to an 8- by 12-foot Marcy rod mill for grinding to minus 20 mesh. The rod-mill discharge is fed to two 60-inch Stearns W.E.D. (wet) double-drum magnetic separators. The magnetite concentrate is then dewatered on a horizontal Dorr- Oliver-Long filter and conveyed to the stockpile or to railway cars. The concentrate is conveyed by the Canadian Forest Products railway to a newly constructed loading dock at Beaver Cove for shipment to Japan. During 1959 the milling plant and dock-loading facilities were constructed and milling commenced in mid-November; 50,000 cubic yards of waste material was removed, 12,800 tons of ore was mined, and 8,123 tons of concentrate produced. The average number of men employed was forty-five. Iron Nootka Sound (49° 126° N.W.): Company office, Box 1088, Alberni; mine office, Head Bay. Hualpai Enter- This private company has leased from Canadian Collieries prises Ltd. Resources Limited property including the Stormont, Glen garry, and Texas Fraction Crown-granted claims, approxi- * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 135 mately 1 mile north of Head Bay on Tlupana Arm on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The geology is described in the Annual Report for 1956, pages 131 to 133. Mining is done by conventional open-pit benching methods using two air-track drills for drilling, 40 per cent Forcite for blasting, and a power-shovel for loading the broken material onto two Kenworth diesel trucks. The ore is trucked 1 mile to the mill to be crushed by a diesel-powered 24- by 30-inch primary jaw crusher. The crushed rock is conveyed to the concentration and secondary crushing plant, which is equipped with a primary vibrating screen, a 10- by 14-inch jaw crusher, a secondary screen with water sprays, three dry magnetic pulleys, a cone crusher, a classifier, and a Dings wet magnetic separator. Conveyor belts are used to carry the ore to the desired locations. The concentrated ore is trucked to the loading dock, where a conveyor supported by a logging A-frame carries the concentrate to ocean-going freighters. In 1959, 125,715 tons of ore and waste was mined, from which 62,500 tons was milled. This produced 25,000 tons of magnetite concentrate. The number of men employed averaged fifteen. Della Lake (49° 125° S.W.)* Copper Company office, 404, 510 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2. Big Interior Group G. L. Mill, manager. A Toronto syndicate, under the direction of Andrew Robertson, formed the Big Interior Prospecting Syndicate and the Nine Peaks Grubstake Syndicate for the purpose of exploring and developing four Crown-granted and thirty-two recorded claims comprising the Big I, Helen, A.R., and Leaddie groups in the area of Big Interior Mountain, in Strathcona Park, 8 miles northwest of the west end of Great Central Lake. A supply camp was established on Great Central Lake, from which point the property was serviced by helicopter. Since October 1st, 1959, a crew of eight men completed 2,600 feet of diamond drilling in two holes on an occurrence of disseminated pyrrhotite with minor chalcopyrite in a cirque on Big Interior Mountain. Copper Tsolum River (49° 125° N.W.)f Company office, 402, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver Domineer 5; mine office, P.O. Box 956, Courtenay. G. C. Murray, (Mt. Washington president; Heinz Vreeman, superintendent. The property Copper Co. Ltd.) comprises seventy claims, of which four are Crown granted, on the northeastward slope of Mount Washington, 15 miles northwest of Courtenay. Access is by public motor-road to the Comox Logging Company gate near the southeast end of Wolf Lake. From there, logging-roads and a short connecting road lead to the camp at about 4,000 feet elevation. Noranda Exploration Company, Limited, under an option agreement, continued surface work consisting of bulldozer stripping, trenching, and shallow diamond drilling. The general geology of the region is outlined in Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report, 1930, Part A, pages 56 to 78. Work done on the property is briefly summarized in the Annual Reports for 1956, page 119, and 1957, page 69. Unaltered shales and sandstones of the Nanaimo series are exposed at an elevation of about 3,300 feet on the road leading to the camp. Higher along the ♦ By J. E. Merrett. t By N. D. McKechnie. 136 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Figure 23. Mount Washington Copper Co. Ltd. Plan of showings. LODE METALS 137 road amygdaloidal basalts of the Vancouver series are exposed, and these are succeeded, at about 3,400 feet, by shales, dark quartzites, tuffs, and fine agglomerates. These rocks contain the principal mineralization. The mineralization is exposed by surface stripping and trenching in two areas —one, the larger, near the southeast corner of the Pearl No. 5 mineral claim and the other about 900 feet southwest of this corner on the Domineer No. 22 mineral claim (Fig. 23). In the larger area it is found in a bed of quartzite 10 to 18 feet thick overlain by argillite and coarse crystal tuff. The beds strike northwest and dip 10 to 20 degrees northeast. Strikes and dips in the first area show that a north- northwesterly striking synclinal axis may lie near the southeast corner of the Pearl No. 5. A similar quartzite bed 8 to 12 feet thick is exposed in the Domineer No. 22 area. An exposure shown on one of the company maps, but not seen by the writer, in the trench immediately west of diamond-drill hole 58-2 indicates a possibility of two quartzite horizons here, one about 30 feet above the other. There is not enough information to show whether or not the thick quartzite beds in the two areas represent the same bed. The apparent presence of more than one horizon in the Domineer No. 22 area and the small exposure of quartzite just north of diamond-drill hole 58-7 in the Pearl No. 5 area show that several horizons may have been mineralized. The mineralization is fracture filling, possibly accompanied by some replacement, and consists of sulphides with more or less quartz. The most prominent sulphide is chalcopyrite, with pyrite and a little arsenopyrite. Magnetite is prominent, as small grains partially altered to limonite, in the bedded rocks, but none was seen in the mineral specimens collected. Herbert Inlet (49° 125° S.W.)* Gold Company office, 610 Jervis Street, Vancouver 5; mine office, Berton Gold Herbert Inlet via Tofino. B. L. Clayton, president; J. C. Mines Ltd. Jackson, manager. This company owns twenty-one Crown- granted and two recorded claims on the south slope of Abco Mountain at the head of Herbert Inlet on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The former company operating this property was known as Abco Mines Limited. Commencing in March, 1959, a crew of four men constructed a loading dock on Herbert Inlet, 1 Vi miles of truck-road from the dock to the bottom of the tramline, installed a 3-inch air-line from the road end to the 2400 level portal, and erected a cook-house and bunk-house at the 2400 level. Tranquil Inlet (49° 125° S.W.)* Gold This property, 2Vi miles north of the head of Tranquil Inlet Tofino Mines on the west coast of Vancouver Island, is owned by Moneta Limited Porcupine Mines, Limited, and is under lease to Allied Mining Services Limited, 425 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. David A. Sloan, manager. A rough road, 2 miles in length, extends north from a point one- half mile upstream from the mouth of Tranquil River to the east end or bottom of the tram-line to the 1500 or bottom level. It was reported that a raise had been driven 165 feet on the vein to connect the 1500 level to the 1700 level a short distance in from the portal of the 1700 level. * By J. E. Merrett. 138 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 NlTINAT (48° 124° N.W.)* Copper Company office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. Oswood Nadira Mines G. McDonald, manager. This property, comprising fifty-two Limited recorded claims, encompasses the Horse Creek drainage basin west of Parker Creek, a south-flowing tributary of Nitinat River. It is approximately 6 miles due west of the west end of Cowichan Lake. Access is by way of private logging-roads. A crew of three men was employed surface stripping and mapping mineral outcrops. Company office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. Oswood Avallin Mines G. McDonald, manager. The property, held by record, con- Limited sists of seventy-eight claims situated about half a mile southeast of Nitinat River between Tenas and Granite Creeks. One man was employed surface stripping at various locations on skarn zones containing chalcopyrite. Cowichan Lake (48° 124° N.E.)f Copper Head office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; mine office, Blue Grouse Lake Cowichan. Oswood G. McDonald, president and gen- (Cowichan Copper eral manager; A. H. Harder replaced J. R. Billingsley as Co. Ltd.) mine manager in September; G. E. Apps, mine superinten dent. The property consists of three Crown-granted and sixty recorded claims. It includes two old properties, the Blue Grouse and Sunny- side, on the south side of Cowichan Lake about 3 miles by road northwest of Honeymoon Bay. The mine is developed by two adits—the main haulage or 1100 level and an upper level known as the 1340 level. Ore was mined by shrinkage stoping and was obtained from the E orebody from the 1100 level to above 1340 level, from the J and M orebodies below 1340 level, from the G and H orebodies above 1340 level, and from No. 5 pit extending from above 1340 level to the surface. Additional ore was obtained by slashing in the G north zone and Sunnyside open pits. The major production was from the H orebody. On the surface, diamond drilling was done to investigate a geophysical anomaly on the hilltop south of the E ore zone. Underground and above the 1100 level, diamond drilling was done between the M and K orebodies to investigate the continuity of some of the known ore horizons. At the north end of the 1100 level, drilling was directed downward to investigate and develop the K orebody below the level. On the Sunnyside section, exposures of mineralized skarn were investigated by an adit driven some 200 feet into the hillside and by some surface diamond drilling. The geology in and near the adit is shown in Figure 24. The principal rock is basalt. Limestone is exposed as indicated. The bedded rocks strike north 30 to 35 degrees east and dip steeply to the southeast. They are cut by dykes of feldspar porphyry trending northwest and dipping steeply northeast; the dykes are similar to the porphyry in the Blue Grouse workings. A fine-grained dark dioritic dyke is exposed on surface about 80 feet northeast of the porphyry. Skarn is exposed on surface on the west side of the large limestone lens at the elevation of the adit and two places east of the adit. It is erratically mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. In the adit irregular patches and lenses of mineralized skarn occur both in * By J. E. Merrett. t By N. D. McKechnie and J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 139 basaltic rocks and in porphyry. Both porphyry and skarn contacts are offset slightly by post-mineral faults. The porphyry in the adit is not exposed on surface, and the contacts in the adit are erratic so its attitude is uncertain. Surface diamond drilling was done after the writer's visit, and the results are not known. A zone of strongly evident skarn alteration is associated with the mineralization at the Blue Grouse workings. It forms a belt about 100 feet wide with an attitude, LEGEND L*. ) Massive su |Skarn .| Diorite por 3 Limestone J Basalt phides | v_;; |>... phyry |v.. stri ke and dip contact ace rground Figure 24. Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. Sunnyside adit and vicinity. over fairly marked topographic relief, that corresponds quite well with the shear striking north 10 degrees west and dipping 45 degrees west that has been postulated as a possible controlling structure (see Annual Report, 1956, p. 121). The zone was mapped by plane-table, and although it was found to weaken about 1,200 feet north of the Sunnyside workings, it was definitely trending toward them. The following summary provided by the management shows details of the work done during the year:— Drifting and crosscutting ft. 1,878 Raising ft. 2,413 Diamond drilling ft. 5,369 Waste removed tons 5,436 140 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 A total of 86,106 tons was milled, containing an average of 2.72 per cent copper. Concentrates were shipped to Japan from a loading-dock at Hatch Point at the head of Saanich Inlet. Koksilah River (48° 123° N.W.)* Copper Company office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver 1. Oswood King Solomon G. McDonald, president. This company controls the King (Cellardor Mines Solomon, Queen of Sheba, Koksilah, and Bluebell Crown- Ltd.) granted claims and a large surrounding group of recorded claims. The property is at about 1,000 feet elevation, north of the Koksilah River, about 7 miles south of Duncan. It is reached by 5 miles of road from a point on the highway 2 miles south of Duncan. The four original claims were Crown granted more than fifty years ago. Old workings, consisting of two shafts and two short adits, are on chalcopyrite- bearing zones in volcanic and cherty sedimentary rocks of the Vancouver group; a lower exploratory adit is 660 feet long. Surface work was done on the recorded claims in 1956 and the Crown-granted claims were acquired in 1957. In 1959 a self-potential survey was run over an area more than 2,500 feet square. Some bulldozing was done, workings were dewatered, and 2,100 feet of diamond drilling was done in thirteen surface holes, chiefly on the King Solomon and Bluebell. A geologist from Japan spent a good deal of time on the ground. A crew of about four men was employed. Port Renfrew (48° 124° N.E.)f Iron British Columbia office, 202, 2256 West Twelfth Avenue, Bugaboo Creek Vancouver 9. B. O. Brynelsen, manager. Seven Crown- Iron (Noranda granted claims and fractions, located on Bugaboo Creek Exploration Com- about 10 miles northerly from Port Renfrew, were optioned pany, Limited) by Noranda Exploration Company, Limited, from H. W. Cathcart, 1274 Johnson Street, Victoria. Access is by way of 5 miles of rough truck-road up Gordon River and 6 miles of good-grade pack- trail. Additional access is by way of helicopter, two landing-strips having been constructed for this type of aircraft. M. M. Menzies, chief geologist, supplied the following information concerning the property. The ore deposit consists of massive magnetite occurring within zones of pyroxene skarn formed along or near the contacts of the Upper Jurassic Coast intrusions with Triassic limestone. Two relatively high-grade orebodies, the Daniel and the Conqueror, have been located. Some sulphur is present in the form of pyrite and pyrrhotite, but other impurities are negligible. In 1959 a 100-foot-square grid survey was completed on two claims. In addition to some outside prospecting, dip-needle and magnetometer surveys were made over the Daniel and Conqueror orebodies. Thirteen EX diamond-drill holes totalling 2,889 feet of drilling were completed on the Daniel orebody, where the average depth of overburden was 56 feet. On the Conqueror orebody, where the. average depth of overburden was 43 feet, 3,700 feet of EX core drilling was done in fifteen holes. * By M. S. Hedley. t By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 141 Some work was done to improve the pack-trail, and the helicopter landing area was built on the Conqueror orebody. Jordan River (48° 124° S.E.)* Copper Head office, Tadanac; mine office, River Jordan. The prop- Sunloch and erty is on the Jordan River about a mile upstream from the Gabbro (Sunro mouth and is reached by a road which leaves the Victoria Mines Limited) Highway about one-half mile east of the River Jordan Post Office. The original showings were diamond drilled in the past and were explored by adits from the Jordan River Canyon 2 miles upstream from the river mouth and at elevations of from 500 to 1,000 feet above sea-level. Work was begun in 1917 and resumed at intervals. Three principal mineralized zones, designated upstream as the Cave, Central, and River zones, were defined. The results of the work to 1950 and the geology of the deposit are fully described in the Annual Report for 1950, pages 180 to 193. In 1957 an adit was started from the east side of Jordan River at an elevation of about 100 feet above sea-level and driven to a total length of 7,805 feet beneath the surface showings. The rock sequence in the adit corresponds to that on surface. The northerly gabbro band, which is about 1,700 feet wide on surface, is 2,400 feet wide in the adit. A quartz porphyry intrusive, 35 feet wide between faulted contacts, is exposed 600 feet in from the portal, and a strong unmineralized fault zone striking a little east of north and dipping steeply west is exposed at about 5,950 feet from the portal. The Cave zone was encountered at 6,900 feet and the River zone at 7,400 feet; some intervening mineralization may represent the Central zone. The River zone was drifted on for 400 feet with results comparable to those of the earlier work. * By N. D. McKechnie. 142 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 REPORTS ON GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL WORK Reports accepted to the end of 1958 for credit on assessment requirements for properties held under the Mineral Act and the Placer-mining Act since January 17th, 1947, and reports on geochemical surveys accepted since April 6th, 1951, are listed in the Annual Report for 1958. A copy of each report may be examined in the office of the Mining Recorder for the mining division in which the property is. A second copy of each report is filed in the office of the Chief of the Mineralogical Branch, Department of Mines, Victoria. The property name is that which appears to be in most common use. It is not feasible to list all the claim names in each property. The author of each report is given and the principal for whom the report was written. Reports Credited for Assessment, 1959 Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 48" 124° 49° 115° 49° 116° 49° 119° 49° 120° 49° 120° 49° 120° 49° 120° 49° 120° N.W. N.W. S.E. S.E. S.E. N.W. S.W. S.W. N.W. S.E. O.G.M. Group Nadira Mines Limited. D. A. Sloan. December 4, 1959. P.M.L. Nos. 732 and 733 ...... George Robert Castles. R. K. McConnell, Jr. November 1, 1959. Tigar 1-8 Claims A. M. Howell. Franklin L. C. Price. June 17, 1959. Boy 1-4 Fractions . The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. W. T. Irvine. April 16, 1959. Tip, Nip, Drip, and Pen Claims — - _ Anarchist Chrome Co. Ltd. J. E. Louttit. January 8, 1959. K.M. Group The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. Keith C. Fahrni. March 4, 1959. Dee Mineral Claims _ _ The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. Keith C. Fahrni. March 30, 1959. Joyann Group - - The Granby Mining Company Limited. Keith C. Fahrni. December 9, 1959. Salem and Pine Claims _. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. D. W. Heddle. April 9, 1959. Regal Group. The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. Keith C. Fahrni. March 4, 1959. I I LODE METALS Reports Credited for Assessment, 1959—Continued 143 Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 49° 121° 49° 123° 50° 119° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50" 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° S.E. N.E. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. N.W. S.W. N.E. S.W. S.W. S.W. Canam Copper Claims _ The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. J. Richardson. January 26, 1959. Sound Copper Syndicate Group — - Sound Copper Syndicate. A. C. Skerl. September 10, 1959. Chip Claims _ P. Gouthro. Jack A. Millican. September 24, 1959. BO and MS Groups _ Neil H. McDiarmid. Franklin L. C. Price. August 26, 1959. CU 1-20 Mineral Claims Sheba Copper Mines Limited. Franklin L. C. Price. January 3,1959. HS 1-12 Mineral Claims Georgian Mineral Industries Limited. F. J. Hemsworth. March 23, 1959. JB Group _. Northwestern Explorations, Limited. C. S. Ney. January 26, 1959. Dunmore Mines Group _ Dunmore Mines Ltd. Henry L. Hill. April 8, 1959. Art Group- The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. Keith C. Fahrni. January 14, 1959. Betty Lou and Lou Groups —_ Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. Clive W. Ball. November 12, 1959. Cherry Creek Property Noranda Exploration Company, Limited. A. D. K. Burton. February 26, 1959. Etta and Nora Mineral Claims _ Noranda Exploration Company, Limited. M. M. Menzies. June 8, 1959. Fat Chance New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd. E. Livingston. April 20, 1959. Gnawed Mountain Group _ _ Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited. R. W. Stevenson October 19, 1959. Hank Group.— __ I. Shulman. C. C. Rennie. January 13, 1959. Lis Mineral Claims — Georgian Mineral Industries Limited. F. J. Hemsworth. March 23,1959. I I I- i i I x x I I I I I X I I I X I X 144 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Reports Credited for Assessment, 1959—Continued Geographic Position 1° Quadr. Quarter Property Owner or Principal Author of Report Date of Submission of Report Kind of Work 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 120° 50° 121° 50° 122° 51° 122° 52° 119° 52° 122° 53° 121° 53° 122° 55° 123° 57° 130° 57° 132° 59° 129° 59° 129° N.E. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.E. S.W. S.W. N.E. N.E. S.W. N.W. N.E. N.E. N.E. S.W. S.W. Pip Mineral Claims.— A. Millham. W. I. Nelson. May 19, 1959. Sam Mineral Claims. Georgian Mineral Industries Limited. F. J. Hemsworth. March 23, 1959. Tyner Lake Property.. Noranda Exploration Company, Limited. M. M. Menzies. January 26, 1959. Vanex Holdings Vanex Minerals Limited. Henry L. Hill. April 13, 1959. Viking Group . Kamloops Copper Company Ltd. Harvey H. Cohen. March 23, 1959. Dodo Group. Rio Tinto Canadian Exploration Ltd. L. B. Gatenby. April 8, 1959. Mac Nos. 1 and 3 A. C. Skerl. A. C. Skerl. April 10, 1959. Copper 1-4 and PM 1-3 Claims . New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd. R. C. Macdonald. September 21, 1959. Barron Group _ G. C. Short. J. F. V. Millar. July 9, 1959. Brooks, Atlas, Buster, and Hill Mineral Claims Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. D. W. Smellie. November 27, 1959. Special Placer Mining Lease 5866 Paudash Mines Limited. J. M. Murchison. December 10, 1959. Mon Mineral Claims Totem Minerals Limited. R. A. Knutson. October 28, 1959. Gold Placer Lease 1440 _ E. B. Smith. B. C. Macdonald. August 26, 1959. Hans Groups I, II, and HI _ Totem Minerals Limited. R. A. Knutson. August 6, 1959. Conwest-Balsom Group.. I ... I X I I I X American Metal Climax, Inc. P. O. Hackey. March 16, 1959. Canada Girl 1-8 Mineral Claims . Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited. J. R. Woodcock. June 30,1959. Vines Claim Group- Totem Minerals Limited. R. A. Knutson. October 19. 1959. Atlin— Squaw Creek Placer Page 145 CONTENTS Spruce Creek 146 Pine Creek 146 Birch Creek 146 Wright Creek 146 McKee Creek 146 Omineca— Germansen Rive Manson Creek r 146 146 Lost Creek __ 146 Cariboo— Hixon Creek 147 Willow River 147 Williams Creek Antler Creek __. 147 148 Lightning Creek 148 Keithley Creek _ . 148 Quesnel River 148 Columbia River— Kirbyville Creek 149 Cranbrook 149 Fort Steele 149 Kimberley— Lisbon Creek .___ 14. Ad Astra Minerals Ltd. near the British Coh yards of material was of five men was emp was closed. A D-8 to the property is by runs through Yukon bia-Yukon border. N.E.) Hardware Building, Edmonton, ent; R. G. McPhie, managing ager. This company owns one placer leases on Squaw Creek .ported that about 5,000 cubic during 1959. An average crew October 16th, when the camp /erburden and tailings. Access e Haines Road at Mile 106 and Creek near the British Colum- ATLIN* Squaw Creek (59° 137° Head office, 526 Northern ] Alta. R. C Sissons, presid director and operations man special placer lease and four imbia-Yukon border. It is r removed by hydraulic sluicing loyed between June 28th and tractor was used to remove o1 a 16-mile road which leaves th Territory to a point on Squaw 145 * By W. C. Robinson. 146 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Spruce Creek (59° 133° N.W.) This company, formerly Enterprise Placers, employed six Spruce Creek men on a dragline operation on Spruce Creek during the Placers summer. Work was hindered during 1959 by the occurrence of several slides which partially buried equipment. Further advance up the creek will bring the operation to a slight widening of the creek valley, and the danger from slides should be reduced. Maynard Wilson was in charge of the operation. D. K. Falconer worked alone on a drift on his lease. Pine Creek (59° 133° N.W.) Karl Sieger worked his lease near Discovery. He is drifting, and it has been reported that he is in about 180 feet. The Matson brothers did some drilling on their leases during the summer. Birch Creek (59° 133° N.E.) Placer leases owned by Terry and Carriere were worked by three men from June to September. Wright Creek (59° 133° N.E.) Dan Langevin worked alone on his lease. McKee Creek (59° 133° S.W.) Three men, Joe and Louis Piccolo and Oscar Carlson, hydraulicked a considerable amount of gravel on McKee Creek. Bruce Morton hydraulicked some gravel on his placer claim. OMINECA* Germansen River (55° 124° N.W.) Gene Jack rebuilt a dam on Plug Hat Creek and made repairs to ditches in preparation for work next season on A. Pendle's hydraulic property (old de Ganahl pit). The property is on the north side of Plug Hat Creek about 1 mile from Germansen Landing. On the placer lease owned by Mrs. R. M. Tait on the Germansen River about 6 miles from the mouth, W. McNab and J. Fuite operated a dragline and sluice-box. A D-8 tractor was used to clear and strip the ground in preparation for mining. Manson Creek (55° 124° N.W.) Charles Nolan and two men sluiced gravel from the lease jointly owned by H. Chow and C. Nolan on Manson Creek, about 5 miles up from the mouth. A TD-18 tractor was used for stripping and a TD-14 overhead loader was used for handling the material to be sluiced. Evan Ostjord, with the aid of one man, did some sluicing on his lease directly below the ground worked by C. Nolan. Lost Creek (55° 124° N.W.) Bill Hykaway worked alone on his placer lease on Lost Creek. * By W. C. Robinson. PLACER 147 CARIBOO* Hixon Creek (53° 122° S.W.) Company office, 2032 Third Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; mine Hixon Placers Inc. office, Hixon. H. W. Hargood, president; C. J. Norris, superintendent. This property, consisting of twenty-one placer leases, is 3 miles up Hixon Creek from the highway. In 1959, 40,000 yards of overburden was hydraulicked. A total of 1,800 feet of pipe-line was laid for sluicing on the north side of the creek. An additional 200 feet of flume was built. Two bridges were repaired and repianked. A crew of eight men was employed in September. Willow River (53° 121° S.W.) McJana Placers.—This company, under the supervision of R. E. MacDougall, continued to hydraulic in the southwest side of the upper end of the Lowhee pit. A No. 5 monitor with a 7-inch nozzle was used, and a crew of four men was employed. Mosquito Creek.—Jack Gunn worked his lease in the upper part of Mosquito Creek and hydraulicked 12,000 yards of gravel with a No. 4 monitor. Big Valley Creek.—C. Fisher sluiced gravel on his lease on the south side of Big Valley near Nine Mile Lake. Coffee Creek.—Arthur Delorme erected sluice-boxes, flumes, and a new cabin on his lease at the lower end of Coffee Creek. Pundata Creek Placers Ltd.—This company drilled ten test-holes and bulldozed 1 Vi miles of rough road at Pundata Creek. George and Little Creeks.—James Lahay ground-sluiced and built a wingdam. Devils Lake Creek.—H. McGowan sluiced gravel in a small gulch near the headwaters of Devils Lake Creek. Williams Creek (53° 121° S.W.) Ray Wallace, superintendent. This company operated a Kumhila Exploration dredge and washing plant on its lease on Williams Creek Co. Ltd. about three-quarters of a mile downstream from Barkerville. A diesel-powered Bucyrus dragline with a 5-cubic-yard bucket feeds gravel to a floating steel-pontoon washing plant. Initially a considerable amount of waste gravel was stripped by scrapers, and from the level where the dragline was operating it was reported to be 37 feet to the deepest bedrock. The plant worked on a three-shift basis, treating approximately 3,500 cubic yards of gravel per day. A crew of twenty-four men was employed. On October 10th, shortly before the end of the season, due to an unfortunate combination of circumstances, the washing plant capsized and sank in its pond. Fortunately all persons were able to leave the plant before it sank. The circumstances of this incident are described elsewhere in this Report under the heading " Dangerous Occurrences." An attempt at salvage was made, but cold weather rapidly set in and the plant remained in the frozen pond. It is intended to resume attempts at salvage next spring. * By A. R. C. James. 148 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Arthur Pederson ground-sluiced on the west side of Williams Creek one- quarter mile below the old Richfield court-house. Rodonsik and Larsen hydraulicked on the east bank of Williams Creek opposite old Richfield court-house. Nick Broswick ground-sluiced 1,600 yards of gravel on the east side of Williams Creek one-quarter mile north of Mink Gulch. Antler Creek (53° 121° S.E.) Beggs Gulch.—Harry Wade did some prospecting and ground-sluicing on his lease at the lower end of the gulch. Stephen Gulch.—Harold Tinsing built a cabin, ground-sluiced 2,500 yards, and did some prospecting on the Driscoll lease about 1 mile up Stephen Gulch. China Creek.—John Kelly ground-sluiced on the south side of the creek. Cunningham Creek.—Daniel Jorgensen did some stripping by bulldozer and ground-sluicing. Canadian Creek.—A. McGuire did 300 feet of ground-sluicing and sank a 20-foot shaft. Lightning Creek (53° 122° S.E.) Grub Gulch.—Frank Freeman and John Hind hydraulicked with a No. 1 monitor at the lower end of Grub Gulch. Keithley Creek (52° 121° N.E.) Keithley Creek.—Lee Fournier ground-sluiced on his lease in the Placer Engineers pit at Four Mile Creek. E. Lang and G. A. Goldsmith continued driving a drift to explore some gravel previously found by churn-drilling. At the time of the writer's visit in July this drift was 90 feet long. A total of 52 feet of drifting was completed in the year. This lease is about 1,700 feet below the junction of Snowshoe and Keithley Creeks. Garcon C. Mitchell did maintenance work on his lease at the junction of Snowshoe and Keithley Creeks. T. E. Kinvig built a boomer dam on his lease on Little Snowshoe Creek. Keystone Placers.—A. E. Sandberg and M. Sinclair drilled a series of. churn- drill holes on their lease on French Snowshoe Creek. Rollie Creek.—G. McDonald and C. Hemgord continued driving a rock tunnel started by A. E. Sandberg in 1957. The tunnel was completed to a point 260 feet from the portal and then a short raise was driven into a gravel zone indicated by previous drilling. This work was done on the Sandberg lease. Quesnel River (52° 121° N.W.) Cedar Creek.—P. Ogden erected sluice-boxes and ground-sluiced on his lease to the north of Cedar Creek. N. Evans Atkinson did some testing and development work on his lease near the mouth of Cedar Creek. PLACER 149 COLUMBIA RIVER* Kirbyville Creek (51° 118° N.W.) Company office, 2360 Abbott Street, Kelowna. J. H. Buck- West Columbia land, president. This company owns Special Placer Mining Gold Placers Lease No. 462, an area of 3.9 square miles on the west side Ltd. of the Columbia River at the confluence of Kirbyville Creek and opposite the mouth of Goldstream River. The lease is reached by boat from Mile 56 on the Big Bend Highway, north of Revelstoke. The property is serviced by a raft and high line across the Columbia River. During high water in the spring the raft was swept away and the A-frame, supporting the cable on the west bank, was damaged. No drilling was done during the year as equipment could not be moved across the river. CRANBROOKf (49° 116° S.W.) This claim is owned by D. J. Oscarson, Nero of Kimberley, and is located near the falls on the Moyie River, 17 miles southwest of Cranbrook. It is operated by two groups of men who subleased the claim in 1958. Since that time both groups have been driving small tunnels toward the bed of an old course of the river. The tunnels were formerly called the Nero No. 1 and No. 2, but the names were changed to Monilee No. 1 and No. 2 in July, 1959, to avoid confusion with former workings in the area. T. O. Bloomer and partner advanced Monilee No. 1 tunnel 121 feet through rock during 1959, and a further 30 feet through the stream gravel. It is estimated a further 60 feet of drifting is necessary to reach the objective. P. Kotush and two partners advanced Monilee No. 2 tunnel 155 feet, and the face is now approximately 55 feet from the old river bed. FORT STEELEf (49° 115° N.W.) Company office, 525 Seventh Avenue Boreas Mines West, Calgary, Alta.; J. E. Treacy, president. This prop- Limited erty is near the mouth of Fisher Creek, a tributary of Wild Horse River, 5 miles northwest of Fort Steele. Exploratory drilling that was begun in October, 1958, was discontinued early in January, and since that time there has been no known activity on the property. A watchman was kept on the property to look after the equipment and the buildings. KIMBERLEYt Lisbon Creek (49° 115° N.W.) This claim is near the confluence of Lisbon and Perry Creeks, 9 miles south of Kimberley. Access is by a road leading southwest of Wycliffe. R. L. Ralph and R. E. Williams, of Kimberley, subleased Placer Mining Lease No. 769 in 1959 and drove a 75-foot tunnel alongside Lisbon Creek. A small trestle and dam were also built across the creek. * By J. E. Merrett. t By D. R. Morgan. Structural Materials and Industrial Minerals CONTENTS Page Asbestos 150 Barite 151 Building-stone 152 Cement 154 Clay and Shale 154 Diatomite 156 Gypsum 166 Limestone 167 Magnesite 176 Marl 17 8 Pozzolan 178 Pyrophyllite 184 Sand and Gravel 185 Silica 199 ASBESTOS Mount McDame (59° 129° S.W.). Head office, 1001, 85 Cassiar Asbestos Richmond Street West, Toronto, Ont.; mine office, Cassiar. Corporation F. M. Connell, president; J. D. Christian, general manager; Limited* N. F. Murray, general superintendent. The property is 86 miles by road southwesterly from Mile 648.8 on the Alaska Highway. It consists of forty-two Crown-granted and four recorded claims. The mine is on McDame Mountain at an elevation of approximately 6,300 feet. The plant-site and townsite are at 3,500 feet elevation in Troutline Creek valley. Ore was mined from the 6170, 6140, 6110, and 6080 levels during 1959. The Cassiar orebody is roughly elliptical in shape, elongated in a northerly direction, and dips at an average of 40 degrees eastward into McDame Mountain. The ore is high-quality cross-fibre chrysotile asbestos, occurring as fracture fillings in myriad joints within a serpentinized ultrabasic sill. With the exception of 15,690 tons of ore obtained through underground development work, the asbestos was mined by open-cut methods. In 1959 mining was carried on from March 25th to November 6th. During that time 351,016 tons of ore and 1,313,299 tons of waste were broken. The aerial tram-line operated from April 6th to November 4th and carried 348,664 tons of ore; an additional 15,690 tons of ore was carried by trucks. Underground exploration on the 5700 level consisted of 2,096 feet of drifting and 1,448 feet of crosscutting. In 1959, 366,775.tons of ore was milled to produce 33,122 tons of fibre during 327 days of mill operation. Throughout the year an average crew of 400 men was employed. Plant expansion in 1959 included a revision to the mill, which consisted of the addition of new screens, collectors, and fans. The mill building was extended upward to accommodate this new machinery. A new 60- by 140-foot warehouse building and a new lodge were erected. Two classrooms were added to the school building and extensions added to the nurse's quarters and several private dwellings. * By W. C. Robinson. 150 structural materials and INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 151 At the mine the " surge pile " project, which will provide surge capacity ahead of the tram-line, was nearly completed in 1959, and a "rock rejection" project, which will discard waste ahead of the tram-line, was started. BARITE Company office, Meech Building, P.O. Box 273, Lethbridge, Mountain Minerals Alta.; quarry office, Brisco. R. A. Thrall, managing direc- Limited* tor; William MacPherson, superintendent. This company owns and operates two barite properties in the Windermere Valley south of Golden—one at Brisco (50° 116° N.E.) and the other at Parson (51° 116° S.W.). A full description of the properties is given in the 1958 Annual Report. The Brisco operation was active for ten months during 1959, with activities confined mainly to quarrying. A four-man crew produced 9,320 tons of barite, which was crushed near the quarry-site, and shipped to the company's processing plant at Lethbridge. A great deal of difficulty was experienced in quarrying due to the occurrence of faults and the continuing erratic pinching and swelling of the barite body. As a result, the size of the quarry is restricted considerably and the quantity of available barite remaining is very limited and is rapidly nearing depletion. Six holes were drilled, with a total footage of 1,350 feet, to test the continuation of the deposit to greater depth. A change to underground mining is expected at a future date. At the Parson operation, activities were directed mainly to driving a new adit drift from the floor of the lower quarry. The drift follows the vein in a southerly direction. It was advanced 410 feet, and a 45-foot raise was driven from it to the surface. The drift was driven under contract. Two men were employed and produced 3,517 tons of barite, all from the excavation of the drift. Four holes totalling 715 feet were diamond drilled from the surface. Company office, 44 King Street West, Toronto, Ont.; J. A. Baroid of Canada, Martino, president; T. A. Studer, mine manager. This com- Ltd.* pany operated two barite quarries in the Golden Mining Division for a short period during 1959 following agreements with the owners. The operations were on the Larrabee property near Invermere (50° 116° S.E.) and the Silver Giant property at Spillimacheen (50° 116° N.E.). The Larrabee property comprises four mineral claims on the south side of Toby Creek, 8 miles west of Invermere. The property was formerly held by the Larrabee Mining and Exploration Company, of Calgary, and was prepared for production in 1958. The present company commenced quarrying on the property in August, 1959, and continued until October 27th, when operations were temporarily suspended for the winter owing to the condition of the road from Invermere to the quarry becoming unfit for ore transportation. During the period the quarry was working, six men, employed on contract, produced 2,426 tons of barite. Most of the production was obtained from the upper quarry, but activities were suspended toward the end of October and a new quarry was prepared at a lower elevation on the mountainside. The production from both the quarries was trucked to a railway siding at Goldie Creek, near Invermere, and shipped by rail to the company's processing plant at Onaway in Alberta. All the barite was shipped in a crude state. The Silver Giant property is on the west side of Jubilee Mountain, 8 miles by road from Spillimacheen station on the Kootenay Central Railway. It is owned by * By D. R. Morgan. 152 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Giant Mascot Mines Limited and was mined for lead and zinc in the years 1908, 1916, and 1947 to 1957. Baroid of Canada, Ltd., entered an agreement to produce barite from the property in 1959, and early in November commenced quarrying from an old open pit half a mile from the mill-site. They continued quarrying for six weeks and then suspended further operations for the winter. During the time the quarry was operating, six men, on contract, produced 600 tons of barite, which was trucked to a railway siding at Spillimacheen and shipped to the company's processing plant at Onaway. The barite was shipped in a crude state. The agreement is understood to cover a ten-year contract, and includes the production of barite from surface stripping and underground mining. The company also received an option to purchase the mining property within the next three years. BUILDING-STONE Sirdar (49 ° 116 ° S.W.). Company office, 1410 Fourth Street Kootenay Granite S.W., Calgary, Alta.; quarry office, Sirdar. R. Staal, super- Products Limited* intendent. This company operates a quarry and processing plant 2 miles north of Sirdar, about 100 yards off the Cres- ton-Kootenay Bay Highway. Mining at a surface quarry is done with jacklegs, and the rock is scraped to a grizzly by a two-drum hoist. Plans are to install a three-drum slusher hoist to increase scraping efficiency. The plant consists of a crushing, screening, and bagging circuit to produce five sizes of grits. The sizes and uses are as follows: +10 mesh to —Vs-inch chick, sander, and monumental grit; -f Vs-inch to — %6-inch chicken grit; -f-%6- inch to — V.-inch turkey grit; •y-V.-inch to — %6-inch roofing and stucco grit; -f-%6-inch to —Vi-inch construction grit. Larger-sized material can be produced on demand. Distribution has been mainly to the prairies. Cheam View (49° 121° S.W.). Company office, 410 May- Valley Granite fair Avenue, Chilliwack; plant, Cheam View. K. Jessiman, Products Limited t general manager. The quarry is on the west side of the Trans-Canada Highway, 11 miles northeast of Rosedale. Granite rock is quarried by vertical-hole benching using jackhammers. Broken rock is transported by lift loader to the feed grizzly over a Telsmith 14- by 12-inch jaw crusher. The product from the jaw crusher is conveyed to a 1-8 Traylor gyratory crusher and thence to a two-deck Dillon vibrating screen. The oversized particles, +%e mcn m size> are returned to the gyratory crusher. Undersized material is conveyed to a storage hopper feeding a 40-foot oil-fired drier. The dried material is conveyed to a Niagara 2- by 6-foot six-deck screen. Part of the sized product goes directly to bin storage, part goes to a revolving screen for further separation and storage, and the undersize is conveyed to a dry ball mill. The ball mill product is conveyed to a Hummer two-deck screen in closed circuit with the ball mill. The plant produces turkey, chicken, and bird grits, stucco dash, sand-blasting materials, and filler for asphalt roofing. Three separate cyclone dust-collecting units were installed in circuit with the crushing, screening, and drying sections. On March 31st operations were temporarily suspended when a slide of rock, which occurred in conjunction with a blast, dislodged the jaw and gyratory crushers. Fourteen men were employed except during December, when the crew was reduced to seven. * By J. D. McDonald, t By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 153 Little Mountain Quarry.*—Chilliwack (49° 121° S.W.). This pit is on the north slope of Mount Shannon about 1 mile northeast of Chilliwack. It is operated by the Chilliwack Dyking District Board. Rock is blasted in the quarry by municipal employees as required for dyke repairs. No rock was quarried during the year, but a small amount of broken rock was removed. Sumas Mountain Quarry.*—Matsqui (49° 122° S.E.). This quarry is on the northwest slope of Sumas Mountain, 2Vz miles east of Matsqui station on the Canadian National Railway. It is owned by the Dyking Commission. No rock was broken during the year. Pitt River (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 902 Colum- Gilley Bros. bia Street, New Westminster. J. H. Gilley, general manager; Limited* James Gilley, production supervisor; Francis J. MacDonald, superintendent. The quarry is on Pitt River immediately south of its confluence with Munro Creek. Quartz diorite is quarried in 40-foot benches using an air track for drilling. The vertical drill-holes are spaced according to the desired fragmentation for market requirements. Broken rock is loaded by diesel-driven shovels onto 12-cubic-yard trucks and is transported to the crushing plant, which consists of a 42- by 60-inch jaw crusher discharging over a 6-inch grizzly. The oversized material is carried by conveyor-belt to loading scows. The undersized material (—6-inch) is stockpiled. Hydro-electric power for the plant operation is produced on the property. The quarry produces rock for jetties, dykes, and concrete aggregate. Twenty-three men were employed. Production was 150,000 tons. Indian River Quarries Limited.*—Granite Falls (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 1255 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1. This property on the northeast shore of Indian Arm was inactive until December, when McKenzie Barge and Derrick Co. (1957) Ltd., of Vancouver, recommenced quarrying to produce jetty rock for the Tsawwassen pier. Indian Arm (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, Port Mel- Enemark Construe- Ion; quarry, Clementine Creek, Indian Arm. T. Enemark, tion Limited* manager. The quarry is immediately south of the mouth of Clementine Creek, due west of the north end of Croker Island. Quartz diorite is quarried by vertical-hole benching using an air track. A jackhammer is used to drill holes for secondary blasting. The material produced is loaded by diesel-driven shovels onto 12-cubic-yard trucks and transported to scows. The rock is being used as jetty rock on the Tsawwassen pier. Nelson Island (49° 124° N.E.). Company office, 744 West Vancouver Granite Hastings Street, Vancouver 1; quarry, Nelson Island. W. C. Co. Limited* Ditmars, president. Dimension stone for building purposes and monuments, jetty rock, and rubble are mined at this quarry. The rock is drilled to size following a mineral fracture pattern, blasted and wedged for removal. Three 20-ton-capacity derricks are used to move the rock from the pit to scows for shipment to the Vancouver plant, where it is cut and finished. Approximately 2,000 tons of stone was produced during the operating period from May 1 st to November 20th. Six men were employed. * By J. E. Merrett. 8 154 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 CEMENT* British Columbia Cement Company Limited.—Bamberton (48° 123° N.W.). Head office, 540 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1. Gordon Farrell, president; B. Franklin Cox, vice-president and general manager; R. E. Haskins, general superintendent. This company operates a cement plant with a rated capacity of 3.2 million barrels per year at Bamberton. Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd.—Lulu Island (49° 123° S.E.). This company operates a cement plant with a rated capacity of 1V2 million barrels per year on Lulu Island. CLAY AND SHALE (49° 122° S.E.) Head office, 850 West Hastings Street, Clayburn-Harbison Vancouver 1; plants, Kilgard and Abbotsford. Gordon Far- Ltd.t rell, president; R. M. Hungerford, general manager; G. H. Peterson, manager. Two plants are operated by this company—one at Kilgard where sewer-pipe, flue-linings, and lightweight aggregate are manufactured, and the other at Abbotsford where face brick and refractories are made. In the Kilgard plant, clay is pre-dried in a 150-foot rotary kiln and stockpiled. The dried clay is mixed with water and grog. This product is extruded through dies to form sewer-pipe and flue-lining. The formed ware is dried and burned in down-draught beehive kilns fired with natural gas. In the Abbotsford plant, bricks are dry-pressed or extruded through dies, then hand-set on cars and passed through a drier. The dried bricks pass into a 300- foot-long tunnel kiln, where they are burned. Some shale used in the manufacture of refractories is precalcined in the rotary kiln at Kilgard, which is also used for the bloating of certain shales. Clay and shale are mined from certain bands of the Huntingdon formation in Sumas Mountain. This material is produced from two open pits and two underground operations. The Selby open pit, with an exposed shale face 30 feet high, is 2V2 miles northeast of Abbotsford. A new open pit was started in the vicinity of the old Kilgard No. 9 mine. This pit has a face 25 feet high. In both pits clay is mined in benches by drilling and blasting vertical and horizontal holes. A new adit, 50 feet long, was commenced in the open pit east of the main adit and above the Richmix clay pit. In the main adit, room-and-pillar mining was continued in a northerly direction up the dip of the clay formation. Haulage-ways are timbered by conventional methods, while the connecting side drifts are roof- bolted for ground support. The drifts are driven 16 feet wide and the pillars maintained 60 feet wide. Holes are drilled with tungsten-carbide-tipped augers driven by air-operated drills. Stumping-powder and 30 per cent Stopeite are used to blast the shale. The broken material is slushed up ramps and into muck-cars. During 1959, 36,254 tons of clay and shale was mined. With the opening of the No. 9 pit, the mining crew was reduced to ten men and sixty-five men were employed in the two plants. A strike of the workmen suspended the operations for a three-month period. Kilgard (49° 122° S.E.). Office and plant, 2890 East Richmix Clays Twelfth Avenue, Vancouver 12; quarry, Kilgard. G. W. Limited. Richmond, manager. Surface mining of clay was carried on intermittently at this property. Clay is drilled and blasted, ! By J. W. McCammon. By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 155 then loaded by a diesel shovel onto trucks and transported to the Vancouver plant or to markets. During 1959, 4,000 tons of fireclay was shipped, and two men were employed at the pit. Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd.*—Fort Langley (49° 122° S.E.). The clay pit and slurry plant on the Fraser River in Matsqui Municipality, opposite Silverdale, remained idle throughout 1959. Surrey (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, Victoria Tile & Brick Bear Creek Brick Supply Co. Ltd., Vancouver; plant, Archibald Road at Ma- Company* hood Creek, Surrey Municipality. James McBeth, plant manager. Clay is excavated from a shallow pit adjacent to the plant by a '/2-yard gasoline shovel. It is transported to a covered air-drying area. Bricks and tile are formed by a stiff-mud extrusion process, dried in an oil- fired controlled-temperature drying-room, and burned in rectangular oil-fired kilns. A crew of six men was employed. In 1959 approximately 670 tons of clay products was produced. Haney (49° 122° S.W.). Company office and plant, Haney. Haney Brick and E. G. Baynes, president; J. Hadgkiss, managing director. Tile Ltd.* Clay is excavated from two locations adjacent to the plant. Plastic clay is obtained from a low pit face, where it is removed by a Vi-cubic-yard gasoline-driven shovel. A less plastic clay is obtained from a bench above the pit. The clays are transported by truck to a covered air- drying area. They are further dried in a rotary wood-fired kiln and conveyed to a dry-pan for grinding. Brick and tile are formed by a stiff-mud extrusion process and dried in a controlled-temperature drying-room. The products are burned in down-draught beehive kilns. During 1959, 9,500 tons of clay products was produced. Thirty men were employed. Barnet (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, 8699 Angus Drive, Mainland Clay Vancouver 14; plant, Barnet. Clay is excavated from a pit Products Limited* adjacent to the plant and is transported to a covered air- drying area. Some fireclay is obtained from Kilgard. Dry- pressed common brick, Roman brick, and firebrick are formed and dried in a heated drying building and then burned in rectangular oil-fired kilns. Three men were employed. The production in 1959 was 2,736 tons. Surrey (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, 3439 Euclid, Van- B.C. Clay couver 16; pit, Archibald Road at Mahood Creek, Surrey Products Limited* Municipality. Clay is excavated from a small pit opposite the Bear Creek Company plant. In 1959, 500 tons of clay was excavated and trucked to the Vancouver plant for the manufacture of flowerpots. British Columbia Lightweight Aggregates Ltd.!—Saturna Island (48° 123° N.E.). In September, 1959, this company began production of bloated shale lightweight aggregate. Raw shale is mined beside the plant and is bloated in an oil-fired rotary kiln. The plant and quarry are at Lyall Harbour. Deeks-McBride Ltd. (Clay Division).t—Bazan Bay (48° 123° N.E.). This company operated a brick and tile plant at Bazan Bay, near Sidney, until November, 1959, when the plant was closed down. * By J. E. Merrett. t By J. W. McCammon. 156 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Baker Brick & Tile Company Limited.*—Victoria (48° 123° S.E). Office and works, 3191 Douglas Street, Victoria. Blocks, flue-lining, drain-tile, and flower-pots were manufactured from local surface clay by this company during 1959. DIATOMITE* The largest diatomite deposits known in British Columbia are found along the Fraser River between the big bend, 8 miles north of Quesnel (53° 122° S.E.), and Alexandria (52° 122° N.W.), 24 miles south of Quesnel. Except for a few small exposures, particularly on Lot 6182, the diatomite is on the west side of the river. The ground where the diatomite occurs has been disrupted by faulting and sliding, and as a result the diatomite is now in disconnected blocks at various elevations. It seems most likely, however, that originally the beds were laid down at about the same elevation in a series of lakes formed by obstructions in the Tertiary Fraser River. The diatomite is thought to be of lower Upper Miocene age. Apart from unconsolidated Recent and Pleistocene material, the only overlying rock found was flat-lying plateau basalt. The diatomite overlies older Tertiary clays, sands, and gravels. Microscopic examination of samples from the various outcrops indicates that all outcrops are essentially alike. The diatomite consists almost exclusively of various sizes of Melosira granulata diatoms, usually very small, with variable amounts of clay, silt, and volcanic ash. The most important deposits are on Lot 6182, on the west bank at the big bend, on Lot 906, and in the vicinity of Buck Ridge post office. Analyses of samples taken at the different showings are presented in a table on page 166. Lot 6182 (52° 122° S.E.) Three patches of diatomite are exposed on Lot 6182 on the east bank of the Fraser, at the lower end of the big bend. Two of these can be reached by means of a short road that branches northwestward from the old route of Highway No. 2 at the sharp hairpin bend near the start of the climb to Moose Heights. The area containing the diatomite is badly disrupted by slumping and possibly also by major faulting. As a result, the diatomite is in rather small disconnected blocks and is at least 150 feet below its probable original topographical position. The first exposure is 500 feet northwest of the highway at an elevation of 1,970 feet, approximately 400 feet above the river. It consists of a quarry opening that is 77 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 20 feet high. In the quarry face the diatomite body is seen to be a rounded mound with an uneven upper surface covered by a thin layer of unsorted sand, gravel, and clay. The base is covered. The diatomite mass is badly broken and the bedding is greatly disturbed. The diatomite ranges in colour from almost white, through grey to buff. Scattered interbeds of grey clay are present, and there is an irregular rusty streak across the top of the quarry face. A few deciduous leaf fragments were noted in one zone near the top of the face. Sample No. 1 was taken from top to bottom of the accessible face of the quarry. The second exposure is at the end of the road 600 feet northwest of the first one. A former excavation has now slumped, but a patch of diatomite 5 by 15 feet is still visible. What is probably another side of this same occurrence can be seen 200 feet to the north, where diatomite is exposed in a small slide at the top of a gully. The diatomite in this exposure is similar in appearance to that in the first. The third exposure is in the upper part of a large active slide on the river bank, 1,800 feet northwest of the second exposure. It forms part of the top of a narrow bench about 330 feet above the river. The mass of diatomite is at least * By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 157 a E 158 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 20 feet thick and is exposed for 110 feet along the bench. The diatomite is similar in appearance to that in the other two exposures. A few small patches of diatomite were found in the walls of a gully between the last two exposures. Traverses were made north along the river bank around the " big slide " to the upper end of the big bend and also to the south and east of Lot 6182, but no more diatomite was found. Periodically over the past several years, Fairey & Company Limited has shipped small lots of diatomite from this property to its plant in Vancouver. The material is used to make insulating brick. An examination was made of the river bank, all road cuts, and the creek gullies on the east side of the Fraser from the big bend south to Marguerite, but no more diatomite was found. Eardley-Wihnot, however, mentions an exposure of 5 to 6 feet of diatomite underlying 150 feet of clay and gravel along the river on Lots 5017 and 5018 and also a lens 15 feet long and 5 feet thick exposed in a railway cut in the old brickyard on Lot 385. Lots 9973 and 11697 (53° 122° S.E.) One of the most extensive deposits of diatomite in the area is on Lots 9973 and 11697 along the west bank of the Fraser at the south curve of the big bend. The deposit can be reached by a short road that branches east off the plywood company logging-road to Cottonwood Canyon, 4.6 miles from the junction of the logging-road and the main road from West Quesnel to Blackwater. At the bend active undercutting by the river is causing a section of the bank more than 2 miles long and half a mile wide to slump and slide down toward the water. The stable top of the bank is about 750 feet above water-level. The diatomite is found in discontinuous blocks in the upper part of the moving ground 565 to 700 feet above the water. In 1955 Western Diatomite Company built approximately 2 miles of tractor- reads and dug several trenches on the property. Since then most of the roads and trenches have slumped badly. The locations of the roads and all the diatomite outcrops that could be found are shown in Figure 26. The diatomite showings are largest in the southern part of the area and dwindle to small thin isolated patches to the north. No complete section through the diatomite from top to bottom was found. The disrupted nature and slumping of the blocks, lack of accurate horizon markers in the diatomite, and poor exposures prevent accurate estimation of the extent of the deposit. As nearly as could be determined, the original base of the diatomite must have been at about 2,140 feet elevation, and it is thought the small patches of material found below this level have slid. The diatomite lies on a bed of light-grey clay below which is a thick sequence extending down to river-level that consists of beds of sand, gravel, and clay with some volcanic ash. None of the beds are well cemented, except for a thin dark-brown layer a short distance below the presumed base of the diatomite. This layer consists of small sub-angular to rounded pebbles of quartz, chert, and other materials firmly cemented by iron oxide. The position of the original top surface of the diatomite is not known. Diatomite now visible is overlain by thin layers of glacial till or soil. The highest elevation measured on a diatomite upper surface was 2,280 feet at A in Figure 26. Thus the diatomite originally may have been 140 feet thick, and, since the upper contact in similar and presumably related deposits a few miles to the south is at 2,350 feet elevation, the total thickness could have been over 200 feet. The thickest continuous section actually measured was at A, where 83 feet of beds was visible. Other thick sections were 55 feet at B STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 159 LEGEND ^^ Diatomi.e exposure —" Tractor road Scale Figure 26. Diatomite on Lots 9973 and 11697. 160 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 and 80 feet at C (see Fig. 26). Erosion has removed much of the diatomite, which has been replaced by a heterogeneous fill of sand, gravel, clay, and till. Many of the exposures when traced laterally are found to be terminated by this type of material, and it is difficult to determine whether the contact is a result of erosion and fill or of slumping. The diatomite is pale buff to white, the colour depending largely on the dryness and length of time of exposure to the weather. Samples from many parts of the area were examined microscopically and found to be so much alike that no separation of horizons was possible. The bulk of the diatoms present are Melosira granu- lata of different sizes, mostly very small. Silt, clay, and volcanic ash are present in variable amounts. In clean outcrop faces a few thin beds of ash and clay and occasional small lenses of sand can be found. Brown layers, 4 to 8 inches thick, occur in several outcrops. Four such layers were visible at A, but in other outcrops no more than one or two were found. The layers consist of pumicite and silt with a few diatoms, all cemented by iron oxide. The composition of the layers varies, but individual layers vary laterally also, both in content and in thickness. As a result, it was not found possible to correlate the layers in different outcrops. Carbonized leaf impressions were found in several places, most abundantly at points A and B. A collection from the central part of the exposure at A was sent to G. E. Rouse, of the University of British Columbia, who identified the following: Taxodium dubium (Stern.) Heer; Quercus convexa Lq.; Quercus hannibali Dorf.; Quercus obtusa Kn.; Quercus cf. simulata Kn.; Betula Thor Kn. In addition, the following microfossils were identified: Picea sp. (large form); Tsuga granulosa Pot.; Tsuga sp. canadensis type; Pinus spp. (at least two distant species); Pseu- dotsuga sp.; Taxodium hiatipites Wode.; Cupressaceous pollen, probably Thuya, possibly Juniperus; Abies sp.; Castanea sp.; Ilex sp.; Quercus sp.; Alnus sp.; Pterocarya stellatus Pot.; Melosira paucipunctata Lohman; Melosira granulata (Ehren.) Ralfs.; Melosira granulata cf. punctata Bail.; Melosira undulata (Ehren.) Kutzing; Fragilaria virescens Ralfs.; Coscinodiscus cf. punctatus Ehren.; Cos- cinodiscus sp.; Surirella sp. cf. fluminensis Grim. Regarding the age, Dr. Rouse states: " The collection of leaves is too small to be accurately used alone for dating, although the assemblage would suggest a late Miocene or early Pliocene age. . . . The whole Quesnel flora resembles most closely those reported from 49 Camp, Trout Creek, Payette, Latah, Mascall, and Grand Coulee, all of which have been given an Upper Miocene age. However, in view of the general southward migration of floral components during the later Tertiary, the Quesnel flora may actually be somewhat older than those of Washington, Oregon, and Nevada. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the Quesnel flora may represent Mio-Pliocene time, or even earliest Pliocene." Dr. Rouse concludes that in his opinion the Quesnel flora investigated is lower Upper Miocene in age, corresponding most closely to the Mascall and Blue Mountain floras of Oregon; the latter have been assigned to the early Barstovian stage of the Miocene epoch. Samples for analysis were taken at points A and B. At A the section is 83 feet thick. Five samples, listed in the accompanying table (p. 166), were taken as follows: No. 2, top 22 feet; No. 3, next 22 feet below; No. 4, next 13 feet below; No. 5, next 16 feet below; No. 6, bottom 10 feet—base not exposed. An iron-band layer separated each sample. Two samples were taken at B—No. 7, across 25 feet of beds above a prominent iron band, and No. 8, across 8 feet of beds exposed below the iron band. In the area from the big bend south to Lot 906, only two small diatomite occurrences were found. In the southeast corner of Lot 6169, two or three diatomite lenses, about 3 feet thick and 15 feet long, outcrop in the sand and gravel high STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 161 up the river bank. Near the southeast corner of Lot 1122 a short road branches north from the Blackwater road to a group of houses near the river. A rounded hummock of diatomite covered by drift is cut by this road 100 feet from the main road. The diatomite exposure in the cut is 8 feet thick and 20 feet long. A larger bank of diatomite is exposed in an excavation behind a house 100 yards northwest of the road cut. A few small blocks of dirty diatomite can be seen in exposures scattered along the river bank in the same lot. Lot 906 (52° 122° N.W.) One of the oldest recorded occurrences of diatomite in this area is on Lot 906, 2 miles southwest of Quesnel. Trenches, one small cliff, and spoil from animal burrows indicate the presence of diatomite along a distance of 3,000 feet in a north-south direction in the western part of the lot. A good logging-road from West Quesnel passes across the most southerly exposure 2.2 miles from the Baker Creek bridge. The diatomite is in an area of hummocky ground immediately in front of low cliffs of flat-lying olivine basalt. The nature of the topography and the disturbed bedding of the diatomite indicate there has been some slumping. However, the occurrence of olivine basalt in contact with and overlying diatomite in two places shows that vertical movement has been very limited, and thus the diatomite must be near its original topographic position. The exposures of diatomite fie along the hillside approximately on the 2,300- foot contour, 750 feet above the Fraser River. The lowest exposure seen is the most southerly. It is in a cut along the edge of the logging-road. In the cut three separate patches of diatomite are visible. In each, broken pieces of diatomite are mixed with rock fragments, earth, and other debris. The diatomite is apparently talus derived from the main cliff exposure uphill and 500 feet to the northwest. The cliff exposure is where the initial diatomite discovery was made. Reports on and photographs of it have been published by both Reinecke and Eardley- Wilmot. When examined for this report, a thickness of only 34 feet of diatomite was visible. The base was covered and the top was overlain by vesicular olivine basalt. A 6-inch-thick brown iron band stood out prominently near the bottom of the diatomite. Microscopic examination showed this band consisted mainly of pumicite with some diatomite and silt, all strongly stained with limonite. Scattered thin clay beds and deciduous leaf impressions are also present in the deposit. Eardley-Wilmot took samples every 5 feet down the face of the cliff. He found little variation in the diatoms, although toward the bottom there was a tendency for a decrease in size of the individuals and an increase in the number of broken diatoms. His analyses of the samples are shown in the accompanying table, as follows: No. 9, top 10 feet; No. 10, 10 to 20 feet; No. 11, 20 to 25 feet; No. 12, 25 to 30 feet; No. 13, 30 to 35 feet; No. 14, 35 to 45 feet; No. 15, bottom 5 feet. During the winter of 1958-59 some exploration work was done on Lot 906. A dozen trenches were dug with a bulldozer, as shown in Figure 27. Ten of the trenches uncovered diatomite. In all of them the material had the same general appearance and was usually badly broken up, although in a few places regular bedding was visible. A prominent iron band was noted in three trenches. A tractor- road built to gain access to the northern trenches ended at a cleared area 150 feet square. The entire floor of this area was in diatomite, but it was not certain whether this was in place or had been bulldozed down from the 15-foot-high bank of the diatomite exposed along the southwest edge of the clearing. Nowhere among the exposures was the true base of the diatomite seen. However, about halfway along the tractor-road and 200 feet south of a cut in diatomite, Figure 27. Diatomite on Lot 906. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 163 some light-grey clay, very similar to that underlying the diatomite at the big bend, was exposed. Traverses north to Baker Creek, south for 1 V_ miles, and up and down the logging-road failed to disclose any other diatomite showings near by. No diatomite was found in the area from Lot 906 south to Narcosli Creek. It has been reported that a bank of diatomite occurs near the head of the small creek 1 V_> miles south of Higdon Creek, but this was not found. Buck Ridge Area (52° 122° N.W.) The largest known concentration of diatomite in the region is in the vicinity of Buck Ridge Post Office, on the west side of the Fraser River 17 miles south of Quesnel. A good gravel road from West Quesnel to the Alexandria ferry crossing passes through the centre of the area. The diatomite has been found in separate but relatively closely spaced showings in road cuts, natural exposures, wells, drillholes, and the spoil from animal burrows for 9 miles along the river. Most of the showings are in a north-south line one-half to 1 mile west of the road. They are along the edge of rather flat rolling bench land where the ground begins to rise steeply to the rim of the plateau to the west. The slope is broken by a series of small, narrow, elongate ridges parallel to the river, and the exposures are commonly found along the east sides of these ridges. Other exposures are in small gullies on the bench, three-quarters of a mile east of the road, and along the east edge of the bench, near the top of the bank where the steep drop to the river begins. There obviously has been considerable movement of ground in the area, both by faulting and slumping, and as a result few of the diatomite bodies are in their original topographic positions. In addition, much erosion has taken place since the diatomite was laid down. These two factors, combined with poorness of exposures and lack of reliable horizon markers, make it difficult to estimate the amount of diatomite present. Except for one locality in the centre of the unnumbered lot between Lots 3897 and 1618, where, at 2,350 feet elevation, basalt overlies diatomite, a few inches to a few feet of unconsolidated overburden overlies the visible diatomite. Thicker layers of overburden have been encountered above diatomite in several wells—70 feet at the northeast corner of Lot 8017, 16 feet near the north central part of Lot 8017, 20 feet near the east edge of Lot 7298, and 20 feet near the southeast corner of Lot 3898. The base of the diatomite was not seen anywhere, but it is reported that drill-holes have encountered clay beneath it. The greatest thickness of diatomite seen was 25 feet on Lots 1615 and 6148; however, drilling has proved thicknesses of 30 to 55 feet on Lots 8014, 8015, 8016, and 8011, with the bottom not reached in some holes. The diatomite is creamy white to buff, the colour varying slightly from place to place and from horizon to horizon and depending partly on the moisture content and length of time of exposure to the weather. Microscopic examination of samples from the various showings and from different horizons in them showed that all are much alike in composition, the main variable being the amount of silt and ash present. The diatoms are mostly varieties of Melosira granulata of different sizes, generally small, with a few scattered boat-shaped and disk types. A considerable number of diatoms are broken. Scattered thin layers of clay occur as interbeds, and iron bands similar to those described at the big bend are to be seen in a few showings. The best-known diatomite occurrence east of the road is on the Lepetich farm at the junction of the southeast corner of Lot 1616 and the mid-western side of Lot 8011. The elevation is 2,080 feet, 620 feet above the river. Several exposures can be found in a gully across the corner of Lot 1616 and along a steep 164 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 bank around the southwest end of a pond on Lot 8011. A number of holes have been drilled and pits dug to explore the extent of the deposit. The work indicates that at least 10 acres of ground is underlain by a bed of diatomite that averages 30 feet thick and is overlain by 4 to 12 feet of overburden. When examined it was found the workings were caved, and the thickest section visible was 6 feet in the face of an old open-cut. In the face the diatomite beds were moderately disturbed. One iron-band layer was visible. A foot of sand and gravel overlies the diatomite, and 3J/2 feet of soil and clay is above the sand and gravel. Sample No. 16 was taken from top to bottom of the 6-foot exposed face. More diatomite is exposed in the bank of an east-west gully that crosses the north end of Lot 8011, 600 yards northeast of the deposit just described. Visible outcrops are few, but Mr. Lepetich has traced the deposit by digging and drilling for nearly one-quarter mile along the gully. The indicated thickness is about 30 feet. In the southwest corner of Lot 8012 diatomite is exposed in a road cut and in slides at intervals for 500 feet along the top of the steep slope to the river. The most northerly exposure is at 1,800 feet elevation in a road cut 100 yards south of Hodson Creek. Five feet of diatomite can be seen in the cut, but it is not known what the total thickness is. Material from this deposit was quarried and made into refrigerator deodorant. A few other small outcrops of diatomite have been found in slides along the bank to the north in both Lots 8012 and 8013. The only other reported diatomite showings east of the road are small scattered ones in the mid-western part of Lot 8010 and in the north central part of Lot 2004. The best exposed and most accessible diatomite is in the central part of Lots 8014 and 8015, where two elongate zones are indicated. The first zone is on flat ground at 2,180 feet elevation one-quarter mile west of the main road. Part of the area is under cultivation and part is bush covered. The zone is at least 500 feet wide and can be traced by surface indications for more than half a mile from the south boundary of Lot 8014 north through Lot 8015 into the south end of Lot 1617. The thickness has not been accurately established, but Cummings found depths of over 9 feet using a hand-auger on Lot 8015, and Mr. Heaton, owner of Lot 8014, reports one drill-hole showed 40 feet of diatomite on his lot. The second zone is 500 feet west of the one just described. It is on the east slope of a low ridge at the start of the main rise up to the edge of the plateau. An old quarry, from which a few carloads of diatomite were shipped several years ago, has been dug into the bank just north of the mid-point of the boundary-line between Lots 8014 and 8015. Slumping has filled much of the quarry, and only 6 feet of diatomite could be seen. It is reported that drilling has shown the total thickness here to be greater than 25 feet. Sample No. 17 was taken across the 6 feet of beds exposed in the quarry. Cummings published analyses of samples from different layers in the quarry that showed silica ranging from 68.6 to 80.1 per cent, alumina ranging from 10.6 to 5.5 per cent, and Fe203 ranging from 4.42 to 1.72 per cent. Pits and drill-holes indicate that the diatomite zone is at least 200 feet wide at the quarry. Good exposures of the same zone can be seen in logging-roads 500 and 1,000 feet south of the quarry. In the road cuts, only the top of the diatomite is visible and the depth has not been tested. Basalt outcrops at 2,400 feet elevation one-quarter mile southwest of and 170 feet above the quarry. The intervening ground is drift covered and no contact was found. North of the quarry, exposures are poor; however, the ridge continues, and Mr. Lepetich reports that he has traced the diatomite by auger-holes through Lots 8015, 8016, and 1617 to the south boundary of Lot 8017. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 165 Near the centre of Lot 8016 a bulldozer cut along the side of a low ridge has exposed a mound of diatomite 18 feet thick for 100 feet in a north-south direction. The deposit can be traced 150 feet to the south, 50 feet to the west, and 500 feet to the north by bits of diatomite in gopher-holes and the roots of overturned trees. The bottom part of the face in the cut was covered, and it is not known what the real thickness of the diatomite is. Only the upper 8 feet of the face could be examined, and sample No. 18 was taken across the 8 feet. The diatomite seen was badly broken up and contained a considerable amount of clay. On Lot 8017, near the centre of the north boundary, diatomite is exposed in an old root cellar and at the edge of a shallow excavation by an abandoned house 100 feet northeast of the cellar. A well, 100 yards south of the cellar, is said to have reached diatomite at 16 feet depth. Nothing else is known of this occurrence. The road past the school along the south side of Lot 1615 cuts a small patch of diatomite at the first curve, 1,500 feet west of the main road. More diatomite is exposed in a bulldozer cut 100 yards south of this road, just inside the east boundary of Lot 3898. An extensive diatomite zone can be traced for more than half a mile from the centre of the west half of Lot 1615 northwest along the west side of Lot 1618 and into the unnumbered lot between Lots 1618 and 3897. The best exposure on the zone is at the south end at an old sawmill-site on Lot 1615. An 8-foot-deep cut has been bulldozed along the edge of a low ridge and a 7-foot-deep trench 15 feet long has been dug perpendicular to the face of the cut. Diatomite is exposed for the entire 15 feet from the bottom of the trench to the top of the cut. A 1-foot- thick rusty band crosses the face 4 feet below the ground surface. Sample No. 19 was taken across 10 feet from the bottom of the trench to the base of the rusty band. A second trench 100 feet southeast of the one just described and 10 feet below it exposes 11 feet of diatomite. Sample No. 20 was taken across 4 feet from the bottom of the trench to a prominent iron band. Diatomite can be traced in cuts and pits 200 feet east and 200 feet west from the main pit. To the north it is exposed in pits, logging-roads, the roots of overturned trees, and in animal burrows for one-half mile. At an old mill-site in the centre of the unnumbered lot west of Lot 1618, more than 6 feet of light-coloured blocky diatomite with the base unexposed is cut by a logging-road. Basalt is exposed 10 feet above the diatomite at an elevation of 2,340 feet. No solid diatomite outcrops were found between those just described and Narcosli Creek to the north, although in a few places near the centre of Lot 3892 and near the north edge of Lot 3895 small pieces of diatomite were found mixed with the soil. Between the Buck Ridge area and the Alexandria ferry two more occurrences of diatomite were found—one on Lot 6148 and the other in unsurveyed land west of Lot 5019. In the southwest corner of Lot 6148 a logging-road cut exposes diatomite more than 4 feet deep for 100 feet along the side of a north-south ridge. Sample No. 21 was taken from top to bottom of the face of the cut. About 100 yards to the south, more exposures can be seen around an old sawmill-site and on a bare grassy knoll. The diatomite at this spot is at least 25 feet thick. The outcrops are at approximately 2,250 feet elevation. West of Lot 5019 a bank of diatomite is exposed beside a pond 100 yards north of an abandoned mill-site 1 Vi miles from the main road. Northeast of the pond three more patches of diatomite are cut by the logging-road at quarter-mile intervals. In all of the exposures the diatomite is badly broken up and contains considerable amounts of clay. The plywood company logging-road west of Narcosli Creek cuts through a patch of diatomite beside Webster Lake on Lot 8686, about halfway between 166 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 mile-posts 19 and 20. Crushed diatomite is exposed in the cut for 110 feet along the road and to a depth of 3 feet. Sample No. 22 was taken along 100 feet in the cut. This exposure is at about 2,600 feet elevation, considerably higher than any of the other deposits examined. It is probably an isolated occurrence not directly related to the others. No more diatomite was seen, although it has been reported on Lots 6150 and 6151 on Narcosli Creek. Diatomite Analyses Sample No. Lot SiO_ Al203 Fe2Os CaO MgO H20 1 . 6182 9973 9973 9973 9973 9973 9973 9973 906 906 906 906 906 906 906 8011 8015 8016 1615 1615 6148 8686 72.89 58.28 67.68 74.09 73.46 70.68 72.88 72.74 65.70 70.46 76.86 69.02 73.19 72.76 72.44 74.37 71.88 72.34 68.80 66.55 65.40 64.12 8.55 15.92 11.09 7.43 7.38 9.40 8.29 8.45 13.23 12.60 7.00 13.16 8.98 10.77 7.91 6.45 10.23 7.95 8.84 10.84 9.34 10.36 3.50 7.65 5.51 3.14 3.64 4.29 3.50 3.36 5.97 4.50 3.06 4.24 4.36 4.03 4.03 2.65 2.72 3.64 3.50 4.58 4.08 4.36 0.51 0.63 0.71 0.46 0.46 0.51 0.46 0.46 0.90 0.85 0.62 1.02 0.79 0.68 1.24 0.71 0.36 0.56 1.73 1.07 1.98 2.62 1.12 1.22 0.93 0.83 1.26 1.02 0.83 0.96 1.28 0.95 0.73 0.44 1.14 1.31 1.05 1.30 0.78 1.40 0.88 1.07 0.96 2.19 11.09 2 13.15 3 11.90 4 11.30 5 10.96 6 7 ... 11.24 11.30 8:.. 9 11.35 7.56 10 . 7.68 11 _._ 12 7.88 7.20 13 . 6.40 14 _ _... 6.72 15 7.12 16 13.26 17 18 12.55 12.48 19 12.86 20 .... 13.03 21 14.84 22 17.46 A composite sample consisting of half of each of samples 1 to 8 and 16 to 22 was made up, pulverized, and tested for pozzolanic value. The results are presented on page 180. [References: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 118, 1920, pp. 2, 3, 65, 76-80, 121; Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 12-1959; Mines Branch, Ottawa, Publ. No. 691, Diatomite, by V. L. Eardley-Wilmot, 1928, pp. 5, 45-51, 82, 94, 154, 155, 164; Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1947, pp. 209-211; B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 3, 1940, pp. 5, 15, 16, 20, 21, 30.] GYPSUM Windermere (50° 115° S.W.). Company office, 306 Elec- Western Gypsum trie Railway Chambers, Winnipeg 2, Man.; quarry office, Products Limited* Athalmer. A. E. Portman, superintendent. This company operates a large gypsum deposit on the north side of Windermere Creek, 8 miles east of Windermere. The gypsum is quarried, crushed near the quarry-site, and trucked to Athalmer for shipment by rail. The 1959 production was mined from the No. 2 quarry, which was prepared for production in 1958. The deposit in this quarry is of considerable magnitude, and it is estimated there is sufficient gypsum exposed at present for three years' operation. The pit is 400 feet long by 300 feet wide with the walls sloped back to a 45-degree angle. The gypsum is extracted in 15-foot lifts and loaded onto trucks by a power-shovel. Two Euclid trucks are used for transporting the gypsum to the crushing plant, and six other trucks are used for transporting the crushed ; By D. R. Morgan. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 167 gypsum to Athalmer. The total production was 127,710 tons, of which 98,104 tons was shipped from Athalmer and the remainder was stockpiled. Other activities on the property included the construction of a large garage near the No. 2 quarry, the installation of a new conveyor system to move quarry fines to the same area as the crusher fines, and improvements to the road leading to the quarry. Diamond-drill holes totalling 14,000 feet were completed during further exploration. Preparations were being made at the end of the year to move the crusher to a new site near the Wilmer railway crossing, and a new private road was in course of construction to connect the present company road to the new mill-site. Canal Flats (50° 115° S.W.). This property comprises eight Roam Creek* mineral claims located near the confluence of Roam Creek and Lussier River southeast of Canal Flats. It is accessible by means of a good 18-mile-long logging-road leading from the No. 95 highway, 4 miles south of Canal Flats. The property is held under option by J. Crockart, of Calgary. Gypsum, Lime & Alabastine Limited entered an agreement to examine the property in 1959. A contract drilling company was engaged, which completed 944 feet of " AX " core drilling using a party of four men for a two-month period. The claims appear to cover a showing of typical Windermere gypsum. LIMESTONE Limestone in the Kamloops Area! The known limestone occurrences in the Kamloops area consist of irregular discontinuous lenses in the Permo-Carboniferous Cache Creek group of rocks. These are indicated in Figure 28, taken from Geological Survey of Canada Map 886a, Nicola Sheet, with some modifications. The lenses are largest and most abundant in the area of the Harper ranch between Paul Lake and the South Thompson River, 11 miles northeast of Kamloops. At locality No. 1 (see Fig. 28) limestone forms a narrow elongate ridge trending northerly up the hillside. The exposure is 750 feet long, averages 130 feet wide, and has an elevation difference of 380 feet between its base and top. The limestone is fine-grained light- to dark-grey rock containing scattered patches and irregular, roughly parallel, narrow bands of chert. Bedding is indistinct but seems to strike about north 10 degrees west and to dip steeply east. Three samples were taken in a line across the base of the outcrop: No. 1, across 70 feet on the west side; No. 1a, across a 20-foot cherty zone in the centre; and No. 1b, across 80 feet on the east side. The analyses of these and the other samples mentioned in this report are shown in the accompanying table on page 170. The limestone at locality No. 2 consists of an irregular mass 2 miles long and at one place nearly 2 miles wide. It extends from the lowest exposure, on the south end, at 1,400 feet elevation up and over the end of a ridge at 3,300 feet elevation. The rock is medium- to fine-grained light- to dark-grey material with poorly developed bedding. Chert is abundant and occurs as nodules, as irregular patches up to 2 feet in diameter, and as discontinuous parallel bands 3 inches to 2 feet wide. Much of the chert is white, but some is dark reddish-brown. It is most abundant around the margins of the deposit. In the central part, zones 200 to 300 feet wide can be found that are completely free of visible silica. Fossil fragments were noted * By D. R. Morgan. t By J. W. McCammon. 168 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 along the southern and mid-eastern borders of the limestone. Sample No. 2 was taken across all 0-foot stratigraphic thickness of beds, at the lowest outcrops near the centre of the south boundary of the deposit. Goudge (Ref. 1) published analyses of three samples: No. 2a, from across 300 feet of beds one-third of the way up the face of the east side of the exposure; No. 2b, from across 200 feet of strata below 2a; and No. 2c, from across 100 feet on the peak near the mid-west part of the exposure. Three large and several small limestone lenses are exposed on Mount Harper. In all of them the rock consists of medium- to fine-grained light- to dark-grey limestone containing scattered fossils and variable amounts of light-coloured chert in nodules and discontinuous thin bands. The chert appears to be concentrated near the edges of the lenses, the central sections being relatively chert-free. Sample No. 3 consisted of chips taken at random along the south face of the largest lens (see 3 in Fig. 28). Granular medium- to fight-grey limestone containing some chert forms the main mass of McGregor Hill, situated 2 to 3 miles east of the deposits just described. Three small limestone lenses are exposed on the north side of Paul Lake near the west end. The largest and most easterly lens forms a steep-faced, rounded 650-foot-high knoll known locally as Gibraltar Rock. It consists of white limestone with few visible impurities. The centre lens is well-bedded blue to white fine-grained stone. The westerly lens consists of dark coarse-grained granular crinoidal limestone. Two small lenses occur near the road 4 to 6 miles northwest of Paul Lake. The southern one consists of dark crinoidal limestone with scattered chert nodules; the other contains sugary white limestone with some light-coloured chert. In the vicinity of Rayleigh, 9 miles north of Kamloops, four limestone showings were examined. A road cut 1.2 miles north of Rayleigh station passes through the west end of a 100-foot-wide lens of limestone that extends for 1,000 feet easterly up the bare hillside. The rock is grey and medium grained with white calcite veinlets and nodules and patches of chert. A mile and a half south of the station three narrow elongate lenses occur parallel to one another. The south lens averages 150 feet wide and is exposed for several hundred yards up the hillside, starting at an elevation 1,000 feet above the highway. The rock in the lens is poorly bedded, fossiliferous, dark-grey granular material with irregularly distributed patches and nodules of chert. Sample No. 4 was taken across the 150-foot width of the lens near the west end. The other two lenses are smaller and lower down the hill, the most northerly one terminating just 200 feet above the highway. A sample from this last deposit taken by Goudge (Ref. 1) is shown as sample No. 4a in the table. North of Heffley Lake impure limestone interbedded with argillite and sandstone and cut by rusty dykes forms steep cliffs for a mile parallel to the road. The rock appeared to be so impure that it was not sampled. Limestone is exposed beside a rough ranch road 3 miles northwest of Sullivan Lake. The lens is more than a mile long with a width ranging from a few feet to 200 feet. The rock is light grey to white and contains variable amounts of silica as quartz veinlets and thin parallel seams of light-coloured chert. A very small lens of impure limestone is exposed on the top of a ridge half a mile west of the road 5 miles south of the deposit just described. Several pods and lenses of limestone occur on the hillside near Black Pines, a post office on the west bank of the North Thompson River 20 miles north of Kamloops. The most accessible one is over 1,000 feet thick and is skirted by the road for 1,500 feet at a curve a mile and a quarter south of the post office. The limestone extends for a mile up the hillside in a northwesterly direction. Along the STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 169 5I°00'- Sul livan Lake Seal. LEGEND -_-^ Limestone outcrop © Sample location Miles I20°I5' I20°00' Figure 28. Limestone in the Kamloops area. 170 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 southwest margin the limestone contains thin brown interbeds of shale that show highly contorted minor folds. The central part and northeastern margin of the lens consist of light-grey to white rock that contains only minor amounts of visible impurities. Three samples were taken along the road cut: No. 5 was taken southwesterly across 400 feet starting at the northeast edge, No. 5a came from the next 400 feet to the southwest, and No. 5b came from the next 300 feet southwest of 5a. Two cliffs of light-grey to white limestone are readily visible from the road at a point 4 miles farther north. The base of the exposures is 750 feet above the road. The southern lens can be traced only a few hundred feet up the hillside, but the northern one can be followed up to the top of the ridge at 4,200 feet elevation. The rock is granular to massive with scattered stringers and patches of chert and some fossils. Sample No. 6 consisted of chips taken across 500 feet at the base of the bluff on the northern lens. Cockfield (Ref. 2) mapped two additional bands of limestone on the top of the ridge near by, but these were not examined. Three insignificant patches of impure limestone occur in beds of siliceous and limy argillite southeast of Barnhart Vale, 9 miles southeast of Kamloops. Kamloops Limestone Analyses Sample No. Insol. R2O3 Fe203 MnO MgO CaO P2O5 S Ig. Loss H20 1__ 2.2 Trace 54.65 1 42.63 j U 14.7 Trace 46.62 36.38 I IB 5.1 Trace 53.24 41.54 1 2 15.3 Trace 47.04 36.68 | 2a*_ - 0.42 0.09 0.07 0.46 55.04 0.04 Nil 1 2b* 0.42 0.30 5.38 0.12 0.08 0.44 0.08 0.11 0.34 0.013 0.33 0.35 1.22 55.21 55.15 51.00 0.04 0.02 0.019 Nil Nil 0.01 - I _.._.. | 41.76 | 2c* 3 0.06 4 15.04 0.52 0.33 0.015 0.39 46.82 0.012 Trace 37.16 | 0.05 4a* ... 2.98 0.37 0.21 0.14 53.89 0.02 0.01 - 1 5 3.74 0.28 0.26 0.016 0.30 53.21 0.01 Trace 42.36 Nil 5a 5.62 0.30 0.30 0.026 0.10 52.21 0.01 Nil 41.53 ] 0.03 5b 11.08 0.28 0.26 0.027 0.23 49.09 0.008 Trace 39.14 0.05 6 1.70 0.18 0.10 0.025 0.08 54.54 0.017 Nil 43.28 1 0.03 * By M. F. Goudge. [References: (1) Bureau of Mines, Canada, Publ. No. 215-217; (2) Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 886a.] Ill, 1944, pp. 184, Limestone in the West Kootenay Area! In the West Kootenay area the principal known limestone occurrences are in the vicinity of the north end of Kootenay Lake, southwest of Salmo, at the south end of Lower Arrow Lake, and at the south end of Christina Lake. The largest and purest deposits are at the north end of Kootenay Lake and near Salmo. Two large bands of massive limestone, probably correlatives of the Lower Cambrian Badshot limestone, are exposed along the road near Marblehead, 4 miles north of the north end of Kootenay Lake. The first band can be seen in a road cut 0.3 mile north of Marblehead, where medium-grained white and bluish-grey and white striped limestone is exposed for 400 feet along the west side of the road in the cut and in an abandoned quarry. Except for some siliceous streaks, visible impurities are scarce. Canadian Granite and Marble Company, Limited, of Edmonton, quarried marble from the deposit with a channelling-machine. Production was reported intermittently from 1909 to 1936. The limestone is reported (Ref. 1) to be more than 500 feet thick and is of undetermined length. Goudge t By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 171 LEGEND ' x Sample location O Limestone occurrence Scale -50°30' 49°00' Figure 29. Limestone in the West Kootenay area. (Ref. 1) published an analysis of a sample taken across 28 feet at the south end of the road cut. It is shown as No. 1 in the table that follows. The remains of an old lime kiln can be seen at the south end of the exposure. The second band forms a steep bluff along the west side of the road 0.8 mile north of Marblehead. The rock is similar to that in the first band. The company 172 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 mentioned above cuts marble blocks from within an underground chamber driven into the bluff at road level. Two adjoining openings, one 30 feet and the other 12 feet wide, lead into a single room about 30 feet high, over 100 feet long, and 60 feet wide. The extent of the band of limestone was not determined, but it is known to be large. A sample taken by Goudge that consisted of blue and white medium- grained rock from the upper part of the chamber had the analysis shown as No. 1a in the table. One mile north of Lardeau is an abandoned quarry that was opened in a high steep face of limestone. The limestone is medium-grained striped grey and white rock with siliceous and argillaceous interbeds. This rock was quarried for flux for the Nelson smelter between 1896 and 1907. The analysis of a sample of the rock taken by Goudge and picked to omit the impure beds is shown as No. 2 in the table. Limestone occurrences are numerous along the shores of the north end of Kootenay Lake, but they are small, impure, or difficult to quarry. Flux for the Nelson smelter was at one time quarried at the mouth of Schroeder Creek, about 8 miles north of Kaslo. Small quarries operated for short periods on the lake 1V. miles north and 1 mile south of Kaslo. Marble was quarried from a deposit on the east side of the lake opposite Kaslo, where interbeds of limestone and dolomite occur cut by dykes and veinlets of quartz. Impure siliceous and mineralized limestone occurs in bands near Ainsworth, and similar material but in larger bands is found at Riondel. A sample of the purest part of the band at Riondel taken by Goudge contained 48.7 per cent CaO and 3.9 per cent MgO. A wide band of siliceous dolomite interbedded with schist extends across the peninsula from Pilot Point to Crawford Bay and continues northward from there. The rocks are cut by quartz veins and dykes. It is unlikely that dolomite could be produced economically from this deposit. Several bands of limestone and dolomite interbedded with schist and gneiss are exposed along the track southeast of Procter. All are narrow and impure. Just east of Taghum, a railway stop 6 miles west of Nelson, limestone is exposed for 100 yards along a railway cut. The limestone consists of a 20- to 30-foot-thick layer interbedded with argillite and intruded by granitic rock. The limestone is impure and is altered along the contacts with the igneous rock. The exposure can be traced for a few hundred feet northeastward into the bush. There are three small abandoned quarries in the deposit. Limestone and dolomite are relatively common in the Salmo area (Ref. 2), but many of the occurrences are not readily accessible. Some limestone for smelter flux has been produced from the Reno, Hunter V, and Double Standard mining properties. Samples were collected from several outcrops now accessible by road. Sample No. 3 was taken along 300 feet in a road cut on the road along the north bank of the South Salmo River at the base of the first rock bluff east of the Salmo- Nelway Highway. Sample No. 4 was taken across 125 feet of beds exposed in a bluff beside the old road 300 feet southeast of the present highway bridge over the South Salmo River. The rock consisted of thin-bedded white and blue limestone with thin siliceous and dolomitic interbeds. Purex Lime Co. Ltd. (Ref, 3) drilled two holes between 400 and 600 feet deep in a limestone deposit beside the Salmo-Nelway Highway 1 Vz miles northeast of Nelway. Analyses of the cores showed the deposit consists of interbeds of limy argillite, impure limestone, dolomitic limestone, and some high calcium limestone. It would not appear economically feasible to produce a good grade of limestone from this deposit. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 173 Grey limestone forms a band above the road along the north side of the Pend d'Oreille River starting 5 miles above the mouth of the river and extending for another 5 miles upstream. The band ranges from 400 to 3,000 feet wide and is from 100 to 600 feet above the road. It is readily accessible at several points. Two samples, consisting of chips taken at random over wide areas, were collected for analysis by J. T. Fyles. Sample No. 5 was from the hillside one-quarter mile west of Charbonneau Creek, and sample No. 5a was from the hillside 1 mile west of the same creek. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, has quarried limestone intermittently for more than forty-five years from a deposit at Fife, a Canadian Pacific Railway stop near the south end of Christina Lake. The main limestone band extends for about 2 miles northeastward up the hillside from the lake. It is exposed in a highway road cut beside the lake one-half mile north of Fife cut-off. In the cut the band is 90 feet wide and stands vertically. About a third of a mile farther north a second band of limestone is visible in a low road cut. The rock is highly contorted and sheared. The main band is well exposed in the quarries beside the railway track one-half mile north of Fife. The limestone is medium-grained bluish-grey- to white-striped rock with rusty and siliceous streaks and lenses and some irregular dykes. Fracturing and folding have been intense. Two long-abandoned quarries lie to the west of the track and two recently worked ones lie to the east of the track. The south quarry on the east side of the track is 350 feet long parallel to the strike of the beds, and is 90 feet wide at the face, which is more than 80 feet high. Sample No. 6 was taken across the face at floor- level. About 100 yards of rusty argillite separates this quarry and the one to the north. The quarry on the north, the most recently worked on the property, is 600 feet long, 90 feet wide, and has two benches, the upper with a 30-foot-high face and the lower with a 50-foot-high face. Sample No. 6a was taken across the face of the top bench. About one-quarter mile northeast of the track quarries the limestone was worked by means of glory-holes. The broken rock was removed through an adit driven beneath the glory-holes. An inclined tram was used to move the stone from the portal of the adit to bins on the track 600 feet below. A few narrow bands of impure limestone are exposed in cuts along the new Trans-Provincial Highway up McRae Creek. The old WS mine property, which is 400 feet above the highway 9V_ miles up McRae Creek, is on limestone. The rock is very impure and does not appear to offer any possibilities of commercial limestone production. West Kootenay Area Limestone Analyses Sample No. Insol. R2O3 Fe203 MnO MgO CaO P2O5 S Ig. Loss H20 1* _..... 1a* 2* 3 0.36 0.14 2.40 3.28 3.74 0.84 8.56 4.64 3.66 6.62 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.12 0.20 0.34 0.26 0.45 0.05 0.33 0.09 ...... 0.17 0.29 0.20 0.007 0.02 0.016 0.045 4.01 0.59 3.49 1.92 2.83 2.36 1.83 0.30 0.30 0.35 50.83 55.52 50.34 52.00 50.40 52.90 53.80 52.78 53.21 51.55 ' 0.009 0.08 0.06 0.037 0.016 0.030 0.016 0.01 0.01 0.01 Trace 0.02 Nil 0.03 42.79 41.94 42.30 41.06 ___ 4 0.09 5f 5at 6 6a. 7 0.02 0.07 0.13 * By M. F. Goudge. t By J. T. Fyles. 174 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Limestone is exposed for 500 feet along the shore of Lower Arrow Lake one- half mile south of Broadwater Post Office. The deposit consists of thin-bedded grey and white medium-grained limestone. Interbeds of shaly argillite occur along the south side of the limestone, and porphyry dykes are abundant along the north side. Outcrops can be easily traced for one-quarter mile east up the hillside but then become scarce. Old maps, however, indicate that the beds continue for nearly 5 miles to the crest of the ridge. The remains of an old kiln can still be seen at the edge of the lake. Sample No. 7 was taken across the entire lake-shore exposure, omitting the dyke rock and argillaceous material. [References: (1) Bureau of Mines, Canada, Publ. No. 811, 1944, pp. 197- 198, 206-212; (2) B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. No. 41, maps; (3) Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 94.] Popkum (49° 121 ° S.W.). Head office, 905 Edmonds Street, Fraser Valley Burnaby. Thomas Mairs, manager. The quarry and crush- Lime Supplies* ing plant are on the east side of the Trans-Canada Highway, adjoining the southernmost tip of Indian Reserve No. 1, three- quarters of a mile east of Popkum station on the Canadian National Railway. Limestone is quarried in 25-foot benches by horizontal jackleg-drilled holes. Broken rock is loaded onto trucks by a 1-cubic-yard front-end loader and transported to the crushing plant. Agricultural lime and industrial filler are produced. At the end of 1959 an extension to the crushed-lime storage warehouse, a dry-rock storage building, and a garage were under construction. A crew of seven men was employed. Approximately 7,000 tons of limestone was produced and crushed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Head office, 744 West Hast- Beale Quarries ings Street. Vancouver 1; quarry office, Vananda. Lafarge Division* Cement of North America Ltd., owner; W. D. Webster, (Lafarge Cement superintendent. The plant and quarry are on the east coast of North of Texada Tsland. 1 mile southeast of Vananda. Limestone America Ltd.) is quarried in 40-foot-high benches by vertical-hole drilling using a Joy Heavy-weight Champion drill. Secondary drilling is done with jacklegs. Primary blasting is done with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel and secondary blasting is done with 40 per cent forcite. The broken rock is loaded by a 3-cubic-yard Bucyrus shovel onto Euclid 63T trucks and transported to the crushing plant. Primary crushing is done by an Allis- Chalmers 48- by 60-inch jaw crusher. Secondary crushing is done by an Allis- Chalmers 36- by 48-inch secondary jaw crusher and a Pennsylvania impactor. Screens are used to separate pulp rock 6 to 12 inches in diameter from cement rock three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The rock is transported by conveyors to the plant and to the loading-dock. The limestone is used for pulp rock for paper- mills, agricultural limestone, crushed limestone, and cement rock. Limestone produced in 1959 was 302,361 tons. Twenty-six men were employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). British Columbia office, 1155 Ideal Cement West Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; quarry office, Vananda. Company Ltd.* W. S. Beale, manaeer. Rock Products Division. The rock quarry is on Lot 25, Texada Island, and is about 2 miles south of Vananda. The crushing plant and loading-dock are at Marble Bay, adjacent to Vananda. Limestone is quarried in 25-foot benches using an air track for drilling. Blasting is done with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel oil. The broken ' ByJ.E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 175 rock is loaded onto trucks by a % -cubic-yard Marion 372 shovel and transported to the crushing plant. At the plant the rock is crushed and screened into the following sizes: 6-inch to 14-inch, 1 Vi-inch to 6-inch, 3/.-inch to 1 Vi-inch, and —■ .4-inch. The materials produced were stockpiled in the old Marble Bay quarry or loaded onto barges for shipment. In 1959 the production was approximately 100,000 tons. Nine men were employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Office, 7309Vi East Marginal Imperial Limestone Way, Seattle 9, Wash.; plant, Vananda. Don McKay, super- Company Limited* intendent. The quarry is on the main road, 2 miles southeast of Vananda. During 1959 Imperial Limestone Company Limited purchased the quarry and preparation plant from Don McKay. Limestone is quarried in 25-foot benches by horizontal- and vertical-hole drilling using jacklegs. Blasting is done with 40 per cent forcite. The broken rock is loaded onto trucks with a Vi-cubic yard gasoline shovel, moved to a primary plant where it is passed through a grizzly, crusher, and screen, and then trucked to the plant at Vananda for further crushing. Select white limestone is sold as stucco dash and whiting. Grey limestone is produced for pulp rock. Six men were employed. Limestone produced in 1959 included: White, 3,000 tons; blue-grey, 23,853 tons. Blubber Bay (49° 124° N.W.). Head office, 50 Maitland Gypsum Lime & Street, Toronto 5, Ont.; British Columbia office, 1105 West Alabastine Limited* Pender Street, Vancouver 1; quarry office, Blubber Bay; lime plants, Blubber Bay and Vancouver. W. M. Tully, British Columbia area manager; Arthur Pitt, Blubber Bay plant manager. In 1959 this company became a division of the Dominion Tar & Chemical Company Limited, at which time the name was changed to that indicated above. The limestone quarry is approximately 2 miles south of Blubber Bay. The quarry is worked in benches with faces 25 feet high. Horizontal and vertical blast-holes are drilled with wagon drills and Gardner-Denver rotary drills. Broken rock is loaded by diesel shovels onto trucks and taken to the Blubber Bay plant, where the rock is crushed, sized, and stockpiled for direct sale or for use in the lime-burning plants at Blubber Bay and Vancouver. Products are crushed stone, including sized rock, spalls, and fines or screenings, quicklime (lump, crushed, and pulverized), and hydrated lime. Stone is supplied to such industries as pulp and paper, cement, smelting, and refining, iron and steel, agriculture, etc.; lime is supplied for building, coal-mining, pulp and paper, chemicals, agriculture, steel, and sugar industries. The total number employed at Blubber Bay in 1959 was fifty-six, of whom thirteen work in the quarry. In 1959 the production was approximately 270,000 tons. Koeye River (51° 127° N.W.). P. O. Christensen, presi- Koeye Limestone dent; A. A. Christensen, secretary-treasurer. This company Co. Ltd.* operates two adjacent quarries on the north side of Koeye River, less than a mile from its mouth on Fitz Hugh Sound, 6 miles south of Namu. Limestone is quarried in 20-foot benches by vertical-hole drilling with a small portable drill. The broken rock is hand-sorted to produce white limestone, hand-loaded onto narrow-gauge cars, and hand-trammed to a scow-loading ramp. The 1959 production was 7,489 tons, which was shipped to the Crown Zellerbach pulp plant at Ocean Falls. A crew of five men was employed. * By J. E. Merrett. 176 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Jeune Landing (50° 127° S.W.). Head office, 1111 West Rayon ier Canada Georgia Street, Vancouver 5; quarry office, Port Alice. Limited* Lucien Godbout, quarry contractor. There are two adjacent quarries at Quarry Bay, on the east shore of Neroutsos Inlet about IV. miles north of Jeune Landing. Horizontal drilling with a wagon drill is used to mine the quarry bench, which is up to 35 feet in height. The broken rock is trucked to a scow-loading dump and barged to Port Alice, where it is used as pulp rock for the pulp-mill. In 1959 the quarry produced 16,500 tons of limestone. Head office, 540 Burrard Street, Vancouver 1. Gordon Far- British Columbia rell, president; B. Franklin Cox, vice-president and general Cement Company manager; R. E. Haskins, general superintendent. Limestone Limitedt is mined at Cobble Hill (48° 123° N.W.) on Vancouver Island. The quarry is about 80 feet high, and churn drills are used to drill vertical blast-holes which have a 26-foot spacing and burden. Broken rock is loaded by diesel-driven shovels onto 15- and 30-cubic-yard-capacity trucks and transported over 7 miles of private road to the plant at Bamberton. In 1959, 353,670 tons of raw material was mined. MAGNESITE Perry Creek (49° 115° N.W.). Company office, 811a Harbour Seventeenth Avenue S.W., Calgary, Aha.; Reuben Bond, Natural Resources president. This company has done exploration work on a Limited. magnesite deposit on the Gap 1 and Gap 2 mineral claims, registered in the name of D. A. Mcintosh, of Cranbrook. The claims are one-quarter mile west of Antwerp Creek and 1 mile north of the Perry Creek road. They can be reached via an abandoned logging-road that branches north off the Perry Creek road 0.9 mile west of the Perry Creek bridge at Old Town. A quarter-mile-long tractor-trail to the workings branches off the west side of the logging-road at a point 1.4 miles north of the Perry Creek road. The claims are near the south end of a band of magnesite traced by Cairnes (Ref. 1) for 5 miles across the hills between Perry Creek and the St. Mary River directly south of Marysville. On the property, magnesite is exposed on small hummocks and in bulldozer trenches along the bottom of a narrow elongate depression as shown in Figure 30. The magnesite appears to form a bed lying between quartzite to the northwest and a mixture of thin-bedded quartzites and limy argillites to the southeast. The rocks have a northeast strike with an average dip of 65 degrees to the northwest. According to Cairnes (Ref. 1) they lie on the southeasterly overturned east limb of an anticline. No continuous exposure of the magnesite from one edge to the other was seen, and neither the drill cores nor the logs of the holes drilled the previous season were available to the writer, consequently accurate dimensions of the magnesite body were not obtained. From the data observed it would appear the band of magnesite at the property is at least 85 feet thick stratigraphically. For 25 to 40 feet on the west side of the band the rock is coarse grained, with grains to one- quarter inch in diameter. There is then an abrupt change to interbeds of finegrained magnesite and limy argillite, with the amount of magnesite diminishing to the east until only limy argillite with some quartzite is present. The magnesite band can be traced for 700 feet on the surface, but undoubtedly is much longer. Over- * By J. E. Merrett. t By R. B. Bonar. t By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 177 _°6' LEGEND ] Quart zi te Magnesite pArgillite o Diamond-drill hole -°<-~ Strike and dip, overturned , Tr e n c h x Magnesite boulder "III-Tr actor road i—CD—i Sample Scale ! Figure 30. Magnesite at Perry Creek. 178 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 burden does not appear to be deep, although all the trenches did not expose bedrock. The coarse-grained magnesite is grey to cream coloured and weathers light brown. Some small quartz veins were seen at scattered points. Where the magnesite is sheared, films of talc have formed on the shears. Calcite is scattered through the matrix. Three channel samples were taken, as shown in Figure 30. They were cut across the cleanest parts of the magnesite exposed in the trenches. Chemical analyses of the samples follow: — Sample No. S1O2 Fe (Total) CaO MgO co2 1 2 _ 3 5.42 3.52 4.40 0.89 0.66 0.67 0.80 9.27 0.70 45.13 39.03 45.35 45.92 46.92 48.00 [References: (1) Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1932, Part A II, pp. 101-104; (2) Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 207, 1937, pp. 19, 56-58; (3) Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1958, p. 98.] MARL Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). Office, 13 South Fletcher Street, Cheam Marl Chilliwack. A. M. Davidson, manager. This company em- Products Ltd.* ploys a crew of eight men to excavate marl and the overlying humus from a post-Glacial deposit which has accumulated on the floor of Cheam Lake. At the north end of the lake two draglines are used to excavate the material, which is either trucked wet to the consumer or stockpiled on a large asphalt-coated draining-pad. The wet and semi-dry humus and marl are produced for agricultural purposes. Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). Office and pit, Popkum. W. A. Popkum Marl Munro, managing director. Marl and humus are excavated Products Limited* by draglines from a post-Glacial deposit on the east shore of Cheam Lake. The excavated material is sold locally for agricultural purposes. Four men were employed. POZZOLANf The term " pozzolan " has been defined by the American Society for Testing Materials as " a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which itself possesses little or no cementitious value but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitious properties." Various materials, both natural and manufactured, possess the required characteristics and can be used as pozzolans. These include diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts and shales; rhyolitic and dacitic tuffs, ashes, and pumicites; certain clays and shales; fly ash; ground brick and tile; burned oil shale. To develop the required properties, the shales and clays normally need calcination, as sometimes do the other materials. Pozzolans were used originally by the early Greek and Roman engineers, who observed that their calcined limestone mortar made the best concrete when used * By J. E. Merrett. t By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 179 with volcanic ash and tuff aggregates. Later the Romans discovered that ground burned clay products would serve as pozzolans. With the development of natural and portland cement in the last two centuries, the use of pozzolanic cements dropped off. More recently it has been recognized that pozzolans can impart certain desirable properties to portland cement mixes. Among the advantages claimed for pozzolan-portland cement are generally cheaper cost; lowering of heat of hydration; earlier development of maximum rate of heat development; improved workability; increased plasticity; decrease in segregation of the concrete ingredients; decrease in bleeding of water; improved water tightness of the concrete; greater sulphate resistance; improved tensile strength; elimination or retardation of alkali-aggregate reaction. Pozzolans can be used to replace from 10 to 40 per cent by weight of the portland cement in a concrete mix. If too much or inferior pozzolan is used, certain undesirable effects can be produced in the concrete, including serious retardation of the rate of hardening and of development of compressive strength and elasticity, increased drying shrinkage, reduced resistance to freezing and thawing, and increase in alkali-aggregate reaction. Pozzolan is sold by itself and also pre-mixed with portland cement. Accurate figures for pozzolan consumption in America are hard to obtain. One figure found for the United States was an estimation that the pozzolan usage over the last few years has averaged about 2.2 per cent of that for portland cement. The United States Bureau of Mines figures for 1957 show United States production of all types of cement at slightly over 56 million tons, with an average value of $16.91 per ton. If the 2.2-per-cent figure is applied, it can be seen that amount of pozzolan used would be roughly VA million tons. For the same year the Bureau of Mines lists a production of nearly 1 million tons of pozzolan-portland cement valued at $17.50 per ton; this figure, however, includes portland-blast- furnace slag cement. A bid accepted for one large dam included a natural pozzolan to be supplied at two-thirds the price of portland cement. In British Columbia the cement production for 1958 was 409,319 tons, with an average value of $16.67 per ton. It is not known how much pozzolan was used. In 1959 it is reported that about 2,500 tons of Texas pozzolan was imported for use in the Seymour Creek dam. Recently several deposits of mineral materials in British Columbia have attracted attention as possible sources of pozzolan. During the 1959 field season three of these were examined and samples were collected for testing. The deposits examined were diatomite at Quesnel (see report on p. 156), shale at Port Alberni (see report on p. 180), and volcanic ash at Deadman River (see report on p. 181). Results of tests on the materials carried out by the Provincial Department of Highways Soils Testing Laboratory according to A.S.T.M. Test Designation C402-58T are given below. Test Results on Pozzolanic Materials The three samples of materials from Quesnel, Port Alberni, and Deadman River were tested according to A.S.T.M. Designation C402-58T (1957, revised 1958). The chemical analyses were carried out in the Analytical Laboratory of the British Columbia Department of Mines, and the other tests were carried out in the Soils Testing Laboratory of the British Columbia Department of Highways. Sample No. 1 consisted of a composite of the diatomite from Quesnel, sample No. 2 consisted of calcined shale from Rogers Creek near Port Alberni, and sample No. 3 consisted of volcanic ash from Deadman River near Kamloops. 180 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Chemical Analyses A.S.T.M. Requirement No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Si02+Al203+ Fe203- MgO so3~ Ignition loss.-. Moisture content.. Min. per cent, 70.0— Max. per cent, 5.0 Max. per cent, 3.0 Max. per cent, 10.0— Max. per cent, 3.0 82.60 0.99 0.40 12.03 6.49 89.80 3.01 0.10 0.66 0.18 84.80 0.49 0.10 7.25 3.23 Physical Tests Test Specific gravity Fineness; per cent retained when wet sieved on No. 325 sieve Activity index with cement per cent of control at 28 days Activity index with lime at 7 days.- Water requirement per cent of control.. Drying shrinkage-. Autoclave expansion, per cent- A.S.T.M. Requirement Max., 12.. Min., 75. Min., 600 p.s.i... Max., 115 Max., 0.03 Max., 0.5 No. 1 2.06 0.10 66.20 1,135 124 +.013 0.04 No. 2 2.61 1.00 86 570 96 — .006 0.06 No. 3 2.44 1.00 84 709 97 -.008 0.06 [References: A.S.T.M. Designation C402-58T (issued 1957, revised 1958); Econ. Geol., XLVI, No. 3, 1951, pp. 311-327, Natural Pozzolans for Concrete, by R. C. Mielenz, K. T. Greene, and N. C. Schieltz.] Shale Port Alberni (49° 124° S.W.). This company has been at- Holdfast Natural tempting to promote the development of a local shale deposit Resources Ltd. as a source of pozzolan. The shale outcrops in the valley of Rogers Creek, chiefly on Lots 143, 19, 136, 138, and 155, approximately 2Vi miles northeast of the Port Alberni station. The most accessible showings are both up and down stream, immediately adjacent to the culvert where the Port Alberni—Nanaimo Highway crosses the creek. The shale is the upper member of a series of sedimentary rocks which form a synclinal basin as much as 4V_. miles wide and 30 miles long, underlying the Alberni Valley. MacKenzie (Ref. 1) correlated the rocks with part of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo group of the east coast of Vancouver Island. The Alberni shale has not been proved a correlative of any specific member of the Nanaimo group, but lithologically it is very similar to the Haslam shale formation. No fossils have been found in the shale, but MacKenzie found marine pelecypods in the underlying sandstone, and so it is likely the shales, too, are marine. The sedimentary series was apparently formed from material eroded from the Vancouver group of predominantly volcanic rocks that bounds the sedimentary basin on the east. The shale is fine-grained dark-grey to black carbonaceous rock. It occurs in Vi- to 4-inch-thick beds. Material from surface outcrops is very brittle and shatters readily when struck with a hammer. The fracture is markedly conchoidal to spheroidal. Harder layers of medium-grained dark limy sandstone 2 to 6 inches thick occur at 2- to 4-foot intervals through the shale series. The beds are relatively flat lying, with maximum observed dips ranging up to 32 degrees in the area concerned. The beds are, nevertheless, warped into a series of northwest-striking folds, the anticlines apparently plunging to the northwest and the synclines to the southeast. Minor cross-folding and some faulting has also taken place. In the STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 181 creek bed, outcrops are nearly continuous through the lots mentioned earlier. In some cases the rocks form vertical cliffs 75 to 100 feet or more high. Few outcrops can be found elsewhere, although the overburden may not be very thick. When the property was examined in early September, 1959, no evidence of any development work was found. One sample was collected for testing. This was a channel sample across a 40-foot stratigraphic thickness of shale exposed in a steep bank 150 feet north of the highway crossing. The hard sandstone layers were omitted. The sample was submitted to Dr. B. Levelton, of the British Columbia Research Council, who had it calcined in a rotary kiln at 1,660 to 1,685 degrees Fahrenheit with a 15-minute retention time in the kiln. The sample was then pulverized and submitted for the standard A.S.T.M. tests for pozzolans. The test results are shown in the table on page 180. This same shale had been sampled in 1953 and tested for its bloating characteristics. Preliminary tests (Ref. 2) indicated that it bloated well and easily. [References: (1) Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept., 1922, Pt. A, pp. 51-67; (2) Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1953, p. 188.] Volcanic Ash (51° 120° S.W.). Volcanic ash outcrops for at least 4 miles Deadman River along the sides of Deadman River valley in the vicinity of Snohoosh Lake. The main showing is at Sherwood (Last Chance) Creek, a tributary that flows into the lake on the east side at a point 27 miles by road north of the Trans-Canada Highway. A good dirt road that extends up Deadman Valley past the deposit to Vidette Lake branches from the highway 4.6 miles west of the Canadian Pacific Railway siding at Savona. The occurrence has been known for many years. Sporadic attempts have been made to exploit it, the most recent in 1959, when it was investigated as a possible source of pozzolan. The largest outcrop is at Sherwood Creek. Here ash is exposed in steep bluffs and isolated pinnacles along the north side of the creek valley for half a mile east from the road (see B in Fig. 31). The ash is in flat beds lying between 2,900 and 3,200 feet elevation. The base is not exposed, but the top is overlain by medium- grained dark-green basalt. The lowest exposed ash beds are buff to grey material, a few feet higher is an 8- to 10-foot-thick bed of chalky white ash, next above are 100 feet of buff to yellow beds, overlying these is another 8-foot bed of white ash, and above this again are more mixed buff beds. The white beds consist of uniform, extremely fine-grained ash. The buff beds are variable; most are medium-grained ash, others are quite sandy and contain abundant white quartz grains one-eighth to one-quarter inch in diameter, and still others contain scattered volcanic boulders as large as 2 feet in diameter. Certain beds, more resistant to weathering than others, project out to form horizontal ridges along the cliff faces. Half a mile south of Sherwood Creek and about 100 yards east of the road (see A in Fig. 31), ash is exposed for 400 feet parallel to the road along a 50- to 70-foot-high cliff. A light-grey to white band is exposed at the base of the cliff. It is overlain by buff ash. Two small showings of ash were found between Sherwood Creek and the cliffs at A. The only ash found south of A was 1V. miles down the road, where a 15-foot-thick layer of thin-bedded pale-buff material is exposed for 200 yards along a road cut. 182 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Figure 31. Volcanic ash on Deadman River. I P*5 g _s i Q o > 184 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1958 At the north end of Skookum Lake, 21/2 miles north of Sherwood Creek, large bare cliffs of ash can be seen just east of the road (see C in Fig. 31). The exposures are similar to those at Sherwood Creek, but less white ash is visible. Numerous small scattered ash outcrops can be found in the area between these cliffs and Sherwood Creek. A few showings of buff ash were found within the first half mile north of the cliffs at C. A mile and a half north of C (see D in Fig. 31) a road cut 750 feet long exposes a bank of earthy material. The lower beds are light grey, and they are overlain by brownish material. Microscopic examination showed the material is mostly diatomite with only minor amounts of ash and silt. Plant stems and leaf impressions are abundant in the beds. The west side of Deadman Valley was not examined, but scattered light- coloured patches revealed by small slides indicate the presence of ash there. When the deposit was examined early in June, 1959, little development work had been done. At B a rough tractor-road had been put in for 800 feet along the base of the slope below the west end of the exposure. From this road a shallow trench had been bulldozed northward up the slope to the crest of the ridge. It had only reached bedrock at one or two spots near the top where buff ash was exposed. About 100 yards west of the trench another cut, 150 feet long, had been dug horizontally around the end of the ridge. This cut exposed 10 feet of white ash. A third trench had been cut for 100 feet along the slope 1,000 feet north of the last- mentioned cut. It exposed buff-coloured ash. At C a 300-foot-long bulldozed track had been cut from the road toward the base of the cliffs. No true bedrock was visible in it. White ash was found only at points A, B, and C. It is very uniform in colour and extremely fine grained. Tests by Cole (Ref. 1) showed 83.6 per cent passed through a 200-mesh screen. Microscopically it is seen to consist essentially of angular fragments of clear volcanic glass, many showing striations and vesicles. An analysis published by Eardley-Wilmot (Ref. 2) gave the following percentage composition: SiO2=73.10, Al203 = 12.46, Fe203=1.74, CaO=nil, MgO=0.46, Na20=2.98, K20=3.46, H26 ( + 105° C.) = 1.90, organic matter=3.86. The buff ash consists mainly of devitrified glass with quartz and feldspar fragments, some moderately well rounded. An analysis (Ref. 2) of this ash showed the following percentage composition: SiO2=67.60, Al203 = 15.84, Fe203=3.16, CaO=2.00, MgO=3.9, Na2O=0.36, K20=2.95, H20 ( + 105° C.)=5.00, organic matter=2.42. To test the pozzolanic reaction of the ash, a sample was cut across 80 feet, stratigraphically above the top white bed at the main outcrop at B on Sherwood Creek. The test results are shown on page 180. Tests have indicated that the white ash is suitable for cream glazes on ceramic- ware and as an ingredient for certain ceramic bodies. [References: (1) Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines, Canada, Sum. Rept., 1918, p. 161; (2) Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines, Canada, No. 673, 1927, pp. 87-89; (3) Munitions Resources Commission, Canada, Final Report, 1920, pp. 36-38; (4) Western Miner and Oil Review, June, 1959, p. 52.] PYROPHYLLITE* Coalmont (49° 120° N.W.). In 1958 T. Karop recorded Pyro Group four claims, the Pyro Nos. 1 to 4, on a pyrophyllite showing a few miles northwest of Princeton. The pyrophyllite is at 3,500 feet elevation on a side-hill half a mile due east of the Princeton to Coalmont * By J. W. McCammon. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 185 road at a point 3 miles east of Coalmont. A logging-road that branches northeastward from the Princeton road 2.4 miles east of Coalmont passes through one of the main exposures. The pyrophyllite is in an intensely altered zone in rocks mapped by Rice (Ref.) as Upper Triassic Nicola group volcanics. On his map Rice shows a major fault zone passing through this area, and the pyrophyllite deposit is undoubtedly related to it. The deposit consists of rock which has been altered to a mixture of quartz and pyrophyllite with scattered pyrite grains. Some of the pyrite has changed to iron oxide. Outcrops are scarce, and the only good exposures of the pyrophyllite rock are in two areas stripped during a preliminary investigation of the property. One area is 150 feet in diameter. No definite attitude of the rocks could be determined, but a north-south striking colour banding was seen. The central 80 feet of the exposure is light grey to white, and is bordered along both sides by brown-stained zones. The light-coloured rock appears to be mostly quartz, with thin films of very fine-grained powdery pyrophyllite streaked through it on shears and fracture faces. A grab sample from a stockpile in the centre of the stripping contained 80.96 per cent silica, 13.24 per cent alumina, and 0.13 per cent iron. The second stripped area is 400 feet north of the first one. A road between the two areas cuts through pyrophyllite for most of its length. The second area is about 150 feet long and 80 feet wide. A brown zone 30 feet wide borders the west side of the area and the remainder of the exposed rock is fairly light coloured. The pyrophyllite zone could be traced for 300 feet south of the south stripping, but no showings of it could be found north of the north stripping nor east or west of the strippings. Apparently one small trial shipment of pyrophyllite was made from the deposit. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Map 888a, Princeton, 1947.] SAND AND GRAVEL* Prince George Office, 201 Victoria Street, Prince George. This pit is situ- Northwest Paving ated in Central Fort George in Parcel Y, Lot 2507, Plan 833. Company Limitedt Gravel is excavated from a 20-foot bank with a Bucyrus-Erie .4-yard shovel and fed into a portable crushing and screening plant. Three men were employed. Office and plant, North Nechako, Prince George. Robert Central Sand and Kropp, manager. This company operates a sand and gravel Gravel Company pit on the north side of the Nechako River. Gravel is mined Limitedt from a 25-foot face by a Scoopmobile mobile loader with a 1 Va -yard bucket. This machine loads the gravel into a screening and washing plant. A read-mix plant is operated in conjunction with the pit. Gravel products and ready-mix is sold locally. A crew of twelve was employed, including truck-drivers (four men were employed in the pit and plant). Creston Louis Salvador and Son.*—This company operates a gravel crushing, screening, and washing plant on Goat River, south of Creston. Material is taken from the gravel bars along the river bank and hauled to the plant. The sand and gravel is used mainly in the local construction industry. * By J. E. Merrett, except as noted. t By A. R. C. James. 9 186 report of the minister of mines, 1959 Wynndel Merriam and Peskor.*—F. Merriam, owner and operator. This pit is alongside Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway, 4Vi miles north of Wynndel. There is a crushing and screening unit at the pit. A tar-mixing plant uses some of the production. Seaman's Gravel Pit.*—George Seaman, Creston, owner and operator. This pit is 1 mile north of Wynndel on the Duck Creek road. A small yardage of road gravel was excavated by a front-end loader. Nelson Premier Sand and Gravel Company Limited.*—Albert Shrieves, president and manager; D. Norcross, superintendent. This property is located above the Fairview district of the City of Nelson, in the vicinity of Anderson Creek. Gravel is excavated by dragline and hauled to a crushing and screening unit. The sized material is stockpiled and used mainly by Nelson Ready-Mix Concrete Ltd. concrete plant. Production in 1959 was 30,786 cubic yards. Five men were employed. Salmo Feeney Pit.*—Associated Enterprises Limited, of Salmo, have a portable screening plant at this pit, 5 miles south of Salmo on the Salmo—Nelway Highway. Sized material was trucked to the cement-tile manufacturing plant of Valley Concrete Limited, located 1 mile west of Salmo on the main highway to Trail. Trail Ferraro Gravel Pit.*—This pit, owned by Korpack Cement Products Limited, of Trail, is located between Casino Road and the Columbia River, 2 miles south of Trail. Gravel excavated from low benches is loaded directly into a portable crushing and screening plant. A crew of three men was employed. McGauley Gravel Pit.*—This pit is owned and operated by McGauley Ready- Mix Concrete Company; J. McGauley, manager. The pit is located on the bank of the Columbia River, 1 mile south of Trail on the Casino Road. The gravel is scraped directly to the crushing unit, where it is screened, washed, and sized. An interesting feature of the plant is the secondary crushing unit—a cable-suspended overhead-driven gyratory crusher. Fines from the washing circuit are collected and will be checked for gold content. All production is hauled to the ready-mix plant. North and West Vancouver C. W. Bridge, general manager. This company operates two Capilano Crushing crushing and washing plants — plant No. 1 at 606 Marine Co. Ltd. Drive, West Vancouver, and plant No. 2 at 33 East First Avenue, Vancouver. Gravel is mined by dragline dredging of the foreshore near the mouth of the Capilano River. Two diesel-driven draglines are used to excavate the gravel. One dragline, being self-mobile, loads into trucks on the spit at the river mouth. The gravel is then trucked to plant No. 1. The other dragline, being on a barge, loads onto barges for plant No. 2. In 1959 the production from No. 1 plant was 104,100 tons and from No. 2 plant, 554,486 tons. * By J. D. McDonald. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 187 Office, Capilano Post Office. T. C. Routledge, president. Routledge This company has two foreshore gravel-recovery plants on Gravel Ltd. the north shore of Burrard Inlet. Plant No. 1 is on the Indian reservation at the lower end of Lower Capilano Road in the Municipality of West Vancouver. Plant No. 2 is at the mouth of Lynn Creek at the lower end of Brooksbank Avenue, North Vancouver. In both operations, gravel is scraped by 7-cubic-yard scrapers from underwater deposits, then washed, crushed, and screened. The production in 1959 was 80,000 cubic yards of run-of-pit and 170,000 cubic yards of screened and crushed material. Thirty- two persons were employed. Company office, Lynnmour. W. J. Barrett-Leonard, presi- Highland Sand and dent and general manager; D. F. Spankie, director; plant, Gravel Company East Keith Road, west of Seymour Creek. Gravel is exca- Limited vated from low faces by a 34-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and is trucked to the adjacent plant for crushing, washing, and screening. Locally purchased gravel was also processed at the plant. Some of the processed products were used in the adjacent cement-tile and black-top plants. A crew of ten men was employed. Another plant was operated at Langley. During 1959, 104,146 cubic yards of material was handled by this plant, which involved the following products: Crushed rock, 18,979 cubic yards; sand and gravel, 13,220 cubic yards; crushed road mulch, 61,962 cubic yards; bank-run fill, 9,985 cubic yards. Company office, 1051 Main Street, Vancouver 4. George B. Deeks-McBride McKeen, president; H. W. Rhodes, vice-president, produc- Ltd. tion and development; J. C. Mills, vice-president, sales and administrator. This company operated a pit near the mouth of Seymour Creek, where gravel is scraped from the harbour or obtained from a pit immediately north of the plant. The gravel is washed, crushed, and screened, then sold directly or used in the ready-mix concrete plant erected at the site. In 1959, 297,000 cubic yards of gravel was produced. A crew of twelve men was employed. (See also under Coquitlam District Municipality.) E. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd.—This company, using a diesel shovel and trucks, removed 71,000 cubic yards of gravel from a pit east of Seymour Creek pipe-line road, 1 mile north of the Deep Cove Highway. Burnaby District Municipality Corporation of the Municipality of Burnaby.—A. Evans, works and yard engineer. The Stride Avenue pit at the southeast corner of Fourteenth Avenue and Twentieth Street was operated by G.M. and H. Construction Company Limited for the Municipality of Burnaby. Gravel is excavated from pit faces 100 feet high using a diesel shovel and trucks. Prior to the end of the year this pit closed. City of Port Moody City of Port Moody.—W. Fast, city engineer. The City of Port Moody operated a small sand pit one block south of the junction of Barnet Road and St. John Street. A shovel-loader and trucks were used to remove sand for fill purposes. Coquitlam District Municipality Corporation of the District of Coquitlam.—The Corporation of the District of Coquitlam operated a high-walled pit on the west side of the south end of 188 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Schoolhouse Road. The material extracted was used for fill purposes. A second pit has been established recently near the junction of Laurentian and Austin Roads. A screening plant and a black-top plant were installed in this pit. A. J. Percy, manager. Fill and unscreened gravel are being Burquitlam Sand & removed by front-end loader and trucks from a pit at the Gravel Co. Ltd. southeast corner of North Road and the Lougheed Highway. Approximately 37,000 cubic yards of gravel was produced from this pit. An additional 10,000 cubic yards of crushed ungraded gravel was obtained from a pit immediately east of McLellan farm on the north municipal boundary and adjacent to Pitt River. T. B. Allard and Son.—T. B. Allard, manager. Fill gravel was removed by gas shovel and trucks from a pit on Schoolhouse Road, Maillardville, immediately opposite a municipal pit. Office, Port Coquitlam. George Scott, manager. This com- Scott Bros. Gravel pany, employing a crew of nine men, worked three gravel Co. Ltd. pits and two screening plants. The Lucas pit, one-half mile west of the Deeks-McBride pit on Pipe-line Road, produced 95,410 cubic yards of gravel fill material, the major portion of which was used for road fill on the north approach to the proposed Port Mann bridge. The Jacob pit and washing and screening plant on the east side of Coquitlam River produced 101,259 cubic yards of screened gravel. Part of this gravel was obtained from the bed of the river and the remainder from the Jacob pit, adjacent to the screening plant. This company acquired the Burquitlam Sand & Gravel company pit west of the McLellan farm on Pitt River Road. A crushing and screening plant was established on Widgeon Slough, the barge shipping point. A total of 20,500 cubic yards of gravel was produced by Scott Bros, from this pit. Company office, 1051 Main Street, Vancouver 4. George B. Deeks-McBride McKeen, president; H. W. Rhodes, vice-president, produc- Ltd. tion and development; J. C. Mills, vice-president, sales and administration. This company operated a gravel pit and washing, screening, and ready-mix concrete plant on Pipe-line Road, 1 mile north of the Lougheed Highway. Gravel is excavated with a 1-cubic-yard-capacity electrically operated dragline and transported by conveyor-belt to a jaw crusher and to the washing and screening plant. In 1959, 247,155 cubic yards of gravel was produced for direct sale or for use in the adjoining concrete ready-mix plant. A crew of twenty-seven men was employed. Columbia Bitulithic Limited, operating a paving-producing plant within this pit, produced 45,000 tons of asphalt paving and employed a crew of five men. (See also under North and West Vancouver.) 2065 Coquitlam Avenue, Port Coquitlam. E. Warren, su- Independent perintendent. G. H. Phillips Contracting Co. Ltd., contrac- Ventures Limited tor. An intermittent production of fill material was excavated by a crew of four men working in a pit one-half mile northwest of the Deeks-McBride washing plant. A diesel-driven shovel and trucks were used to remove the gravel. Riverside Sand & Gravel Co. Ltd.—R.R. 1, Hockaday Street, Port Coquitlam. Harold Curie, manager. C. D. Slack, North Burnaby, contractor. A crew of four men was employed clearing timber and preparing a new gravel pit on Pipe-line Road, 2Vi miles north of the Lougheed Highway. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 189 E. R. Taylor Construction Company, Deep Cove Highway, Pipe Line Sand & operated on a royalty basis the Pipe Line Sand & Gravel Gravel Ltd. Ltd. pit on Pipe-line Road, approximately 2% miles north of the Lougheed Highway. A crushing and screening plant was used to process the gravel. A crew of twelve men was employed and 72,834 cubic yards of gravel was produced. Company office, 1101 Eighth Avenue, New Westminster. S. & S. Sand & N. P. Stromgren and C. B. Scott, owners. This pit and wash- Gravel Limited ing and screening plant are on Pipe-line Road, 31/. miles north of Lougheed Highway. Gravel is caved from high banks, loaded by diesel shovel or overhead loader, sold as run-of-pit material, or taken to the processing plant. A crew of five men produced 75,049 cubic yards of processed materials in 1959. Company office, 309 Cedar Street, New Westminster. Jack Jack Cewe Cewe, manager. This pit and asphalt-mixing plant are on Blacktop Ltd. Pipe-line Road 3V_ miles north of Lougheed Highway. Gravel is excavated by a 1-cubic-yard-capacity diesel-driven shovel and trucked to the adjacent mixing plant. A crew of eight men was employed. In 1959, 100,000 tons of asphalt mix was produced. Port Coquitlam Company office, 902 Columbia Street, New Westminster. Gilley Bros. Limited J. H. Gilley, general manager; James C. Gilley, production (Maryhill Division) supervisor; E. Johnston, superintendent. This company is a subsidiary of Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited. Two pits and a processing plant are adjacent to the Fraser River at Mary Hill, 2 miles south of Port Coquitlam. Sand and gravel are mined from 30-foot faces by a 2V_-cubic- yard diesel-driven shovel and trucked by 12-cubic-yard trucks to a crushing plant. The gravel is washed, screened, and transported by scows to markets. Thirty-five men were employed. Production for 1959 was 550,000 cubic yards. Pitt Meadows District Municipality Haney Brick and Tile Ltd.—Company office, 846 Howe Street, Vancouver 1; plant, Haney. E. G. Baynes, president; J. Hadgkiss, managing director. This company owns a sand pit approximately 1 mile northwest of Port Hammond. An overhead loader is used to excavate the sand for fill purposes. Maple Ridge District Municipality Corporation of the District of Maple Ridge.—A municipal gravel pit is operated on the southwest slope of Grant Hill, 1 mile east of Albion. Fill material is produced. Columbia Bitulithic Limited produced 7,000 tons of asphalt mix from a plant established in the pit. Mcintosh Sand and Gravel.—A. Mcintosh, manager, P.O. Box 245, Haney. Approximately one-quarter mile north of the municipal pit is a pit operated by A. Mcintosh. Three men were employed producing screened or run-of-pit gravel. Van Boyen Pit.—Henry Van Boyen, of Haney, using a bulldozer, excavated a small amount of fill material from a pit immediately north of the Mcintosh pit. 190 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Hammond Pioneer Sand and Gravel Company.—Fred Worfolk, Westfield Street, Port Hammond, manager. A small pit, 1 mile north of the municipal pit, was operated intermittently to produce fill gravel. The gravel was excavated by a Vi-cubic-yard shovel and a bulldozer. Wm. Kirkpatrick, P.O. Box 188, Haney, manager. A large Kirkpatrick Sand gravel pit and crushing and washing plant were operated by and Gravel Co. Ltd. a crew of three men at the east end of No. 27 Road and adjacent to the Alouette River. Gravel is excavated with a front- end loader and Vi-cubic-yard gasoline-driven shovel, loaded onto trucks and sold as run-of-pit fill material or delivered to the washing plant. R. E. George.—R. E. George, of Whonock, using a front-end loader, removed a small amount of clean gravel from a pit on the north side of Lougheed Highway 1 mile east of the Whonock water-tank. Mission District Municipality Corporation of the District of Mission.—This municipality operated a large pit and screening plant 1 mile east of the Stave River power-house and a smaller pit and screening plant on Shaw Road, 3'/i miles east of Stave River power-house. Department of Highways.—This Department operated a small pit having a 15-foot face of sandy gravel on the west side of Dewdney Road, 1.8 miles south of Steelhead. Indian Mission. — Lassier Trucking and Contracting Co. Ltd., of Pitt Meadows, employing a crew of two men, stripped and removed a small amount of gravel from a pit on the Roman Catholic Indian Mission School property, 2 miles east of Mission City. Dewdney Catermole Construction Co.—Gravel was removed at low water from a Fraser River bar south of the west end of Nicomen Island. The gravel was transported by scow to the company ready-mix plant at the east end of Hjorth Road in Surrey. Department of Highways.—A large gravel pit was operated intermittently by the Department of Highways at the west side of Indian Reserve No. 8, 2 miles west of Squakum on the Mission-Agassiz Highway. Kent District Municipality Corporation of the District of Kent.—This municipality operated a rock quarry and large gravel pit at the west end of Cemetery Road, immediately south of Mount Agassiz, 4 miles by road from the village of Agassiz. Columbia Bitu- lithic Limited produced 13,000 tons of asphalt mix at this pit. Yale Yale Pit.—R. J. G. Richards, of West Vancouver, owns a large pit of fill-grade gravel on the Schoolhouse Road, one-quarter mile north of the village of Yale. Production in 1959 was small. Department of Highways.—This Department operated two pits on the west side of the Hope-Yale Highway at points half a mile and 3 Vi miles south of Yale. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 191 Highway Construction Co. Ltd.—Angular gravel was obtained from a large pit on No. 1 Highway, 2.2 miles south of Yale. Canadian National Railway.—Gravel was excavated by diesel shovel from a large pit on the railway right-of-way on the east side of the Fraser River 3 miles south of Yale. Hope Hope Cement Works.—A small amount of sand was removed from a pit adjacent to the Hope Cement Works plant, on the south side of the Hope-Princeton Highway one-half mile east of its junction with Highway No. 1. The sand was used to manufacture cement blocks, tiles, and ornamental pieces. Corporation of the Village of Hope.—The Village of Hope operated a sand pit on the south side of the Hope-Princeton Highway one-half mile east of its junction with Highway No. 1. Gravel fill was excavated by a front-end loader. Columbia Bitulithic Limited produced 3,500 tons of asphalt mix in this pit. Department of Highways.—This Department operated a small pit with a 20-foot face in angular gravel on the west side of Highway No. 1, 12 miles north of Hope. A sand pit was operated on the east side of Highway No. 1 on Indian Reserve No. 2 at Haig station on the Canadian Pacific Railway. A large pit for fill material was operated on the east side of Highway No. 1, 2 miles northeast of Laidlaw. Chilliwhack District Municipality W. C. Arnot & Company Limited.—A large pit to supply highway fill and a screening plant were operated at the south end of the Rosedale-Agassiz Bridge on Indian Reserve No. 1 adjacent to Chilliwhack Municipality by this company during 1959. Greyell Slough.—J. Janzen, of Chilliwack, installed a screening plant at and excavated gravel from Greyell Slough on the north side of Windermere Island, 3Vi miles north of Rosedale. At low-water-level period, gravel was excavated from Fraser Minto Landing River bars at Minto Landing, 2 miles north of Chilliwack. The gravel was stockpiled on higher ground. Among those Chilliwack suppliers who worked this area were W. Ballam, employing one man using a front-end loader and truck; J. Emms, employing a front-end loader and truck; P. Marks, employing a bulldozer and truck; W. J. Quinlan, employing a man using a diesel shovel and truck. The Corporation of the Township of Chilliwhack.—This municipality operated a large pit and screening plant one-half mile west of the R.C.E. School of Military Engineering at Vedder Crossing. Another pit producing washed gravel was operated on Chilliwack Creek half a mile north of the Trans-Canada Highway and 2 miles southwest of the City of Chilliwack. Gravel was recovered from the creek- bed by using a dragline. B. and G. Sand and Gravel Ltd.—A. K. Gregory, 8641 Elm Drive, Chilliwack, manager. Gravel was removed by dragline from the bed of Chilliwack Creek, at a point IVi miles north of the Trans-Canada Highway, 2 miles southwest of Chilliwack. The gravel was processed in a screening plant and sold for construction purposes. A crew of three men was employed. 192 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Cultus Lake Columbia Bitulithic Limited.—Company office, Granville Island, Vancouver. This company reported having manufactured 20,000 tons of asphalt mix at a gravel pit at Cultus Lake. Sumas District Municipality and Sumas Mountain Department of Highways.—The Department of Highways operated a large fill pit on the northeast slope of Sumas Peak. The material excavated was a mixture of clay and coarse angular granite fragments. It was used for dyke and road- construction fill. Quadling Pit.—A large fill pit from which a mixture of clay and granite fragments is obtained for dyke and road-fill purposes is on the farm of H. Quadling, at the foot of and immediately east of Taggart Peak on Sumas Mountain. In 1959 some fill material was removed by diesel shovel and trucks. Huntingdon Pit (Blackham's Construction Limited).—Company office, Abbotsford. A. Blackham, manager. This pit and screening plant is immediately west of the village of Huntingdon. Gravel was scraped from a high-walled pit to a screening plant to produce screened material for concrete or fill purposes. Production: 23,675 cubic yards. The Corporation of the District of Sumas.—Gravel fill was obtained from a large high-walled pit one-half mile east of Abbotsford. A larger pit was operated on Vye Road (Eighth Avenue) 1 mile north of Huntingdon. Columbia Bitulithic Limited produced 25,000 tons of asphalt mix from a plant in this pit. Matsqui District Municipality Blackham's Construction Limited.—Company office, Abbotsford. A. Black- ham, manager. A new pit was commenced and a screening plant installed south of the microwave tower road, 1 mile east of Abbotsford. A crew of two men was employed. Production: 9,974 cubic yards. This municipality operated three gravel pits at various loca- Corporation of the tions in the district. The largest operation was on Lefevre District of Matsqui Road, IVi miles north of the Canadian boundary. A screening plant was established in this pit. Another pit where only a small amount of gravel was removed is on Ross Road, three-quarters of a mile south of the Trans-Canada Highway. A third pit where only a small amount of gravel was removed is in Clearbrook, adjacent to the Municipal Works Yard at the corner of Tretheway Road (Three Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street) and the Trans-Canada Highway. Department of Highways.—This Department operated three gravel pits at various locations in the district. One small pit on Immel Road, 1 mile east of Abbotsford, produced fill material. Approximately three-quarters of a mile north of the Trans-Canada Highway at Clearbrook, two adjoining pits in good-quality gravel were operated on the extension of Tretheway Road. Dueck Ready Mix Ltd.—Company office, 12811 Eightieth Avenue, R.R. 6, North Surrey. This company, a subsidiary of Deeks-McBride Ltd., operated a portable screening plant and a ready-mix concrete plant on Tretheway Road one- STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 193 half mile north of the Trans-Canada Highway. A crew of seven men was employed and 9,566 cubic yards of ready-mix concrete was produced. Valley Ready-Mix Ltd.—R. M. Vosburgh, Haney, manager. This company opened a small pit and screening and bulk concrete-mixing plant on the west side of the Mission Road immediately north of Abbotsford. Production: 1,681 cubic yards of concrete. Box 836, Abbotsford. Trevor Charles, manager. This com- Abbofsford Gravel pany operated a gravel pit and screening plant on the east side Sales of Clearbrook Road, one-half mile north of the Canadian border. A gasoline shovel, front-end loader, and truck were used to remove the gravel for run-of-pit fill or for concrete mixing. A crew of three men was employed. Production: 36,696 cubic yards. Totem Trucking Ltd., of Abbotsford, operated an adjoining concrete-mixing plant which produced 13,170 cubic yards of concrete. Nicholson Gravel Sales Ltd.—D. G. Nicholson, Mount Lehman,' manager. A small amount of gravel was removed from a pit immediately east of the junction of Forty-eighth Avenue and Mount Lehman Road. A front-end loader was used to excavate the gravel. Langley District Municipality This municipality operated several gravel pits at various loca- Corporation of tions. These operations included a pit of good-quality gravel the Township of with a 10-foot face above the water-table at the northwest Langley corner of Eighth Avenue and Jackman (Two Hundred and Seventy-second) Road; a shallow pit in conjunction with a Department of Highways pit at the south end of Sturmer (Two Hundred and Fifty- second) Road, one-half mile south of the Trans-Canada Highway; a pit in conjunction with another Department of Highways pit at the northeast corner of Dogwood (Fiftieth) Avenue and Brown (Two hundred and Forty-eighth) Road; a shallow pit of 6-foot depth above the water-table in good-quality gravel on Gray Road (Eighty-fourth Avenue) a quarter mile west of County Line (Two Hundred and Sixty-fourth) Road; a large pit on Campbell River northwest of the junction of Wix (Twenty-fourth) and Carvolth Roads; and a large pit and screening plant at the north end of Kinch (Two Hundred and Fifth) Street, north of Bell (Thirty-sixth) Avenue. This Department operated three pits in the Langley Munici- Department pality. A shallow pit was operated adjoining a municipal pit of Highways at the south end of Sturmer (Two Hundred and Fifty-second) Road, one-half mile south of the Trans-Canada Highway. At the northwest corner of Dogwood (Fiftieth) Avenue and Brown (Two Hundred and Forty-eighth) Road, a pit was operated adjacent to a municipal pit. A large shallow pit was operated astride Anderson Creek, one-half mile east of Carvolth Road at Thirty-fifth Avenue. Foster's Gravel Pit.—C. N. Foster, 782 Jackman Road, owner. This pit is on the south side of Eighth Avenue adjacent to the Matsqui District boundary, about 3 miles south of Aldergrove. Gravel is mined from low faces by a front-end loader and sold locally as pit-run gravel. Production: 3,800 cubic yards. Dupont Bros.—L. Dupont, Eighth Avenue, Aldergrove. A screening plant was installed at this pit on the north side of Eighth Avenue immediately west of the Matsqui District boundary. A front-end loader was used to remove gravel from low pit faces. 194 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Craig's Pit.—J. Craig, Jackman Road, Aldergrove, owner. A small production of good-grade gravel was made, using a front-end loader in a small pit on the east side of Jackman Road one-quarter mile north of Eighth Avenue. O'Malenick's Pit. — S. O'Malenick, Jackman Road, Aldergrove, owner. A small production of good-grade gravel was made, using a front-end loader in a small pit having two 10-foot benches above ground water-level, northeast of the junction of Eighth Avenue and Jackman Road. KitsuI Bros.—Company office, 24306 Trans-Canada Highway, R.R. 3, Langley. This pit adjoins on the east the municipal and Department of Highways pits on Dogwood (Fiftieth) Avenue and Brown Road. A band of fine gravel, 12 to 20 feet in thickness, overlies a sand bed. Gravel was removed by front-end loader. Production: 17,448 cubic yards. Millers Trucking.—Company office, 22383 Wilson Townline Road, R.R. 5, Langley. A front-end loader was used to remove gravel from the McLellan pit at the southeast corner of River Road (Eighty-eighth Avenue) and (Two Hundred and Sixtieth Street and from a small new pit 100 yards northwest of the corner of Gray (Eighty-fourth Avenue) and Coghlan (Two Hundred and Fifty-sixth) Roads. Clark Sand and Gravel.—H. G. Clark, 9785 Two Hundred and First Street, R.R. 4, Langley, owner. Pit, Hudson Bay Avenue, Fort Langley. Approximately 5,000 cubic yards of run-of-pit and screened gravel was produced. Hornby General Machinery Company.—Office, Cloverdale; pit, southeast corner of Bradshaw and Berry Roads. Harry Hornby, owner. Run-of-pit and screened gravel was produced from the Langley Rod and Gun Club pit by a crew of three men. In excess of 10,000 cubic yards of gravel was produced. Fox Pit.—D. H. Fox, 3520 Carvolth Road, owner. A small amount of gravel was produced from this pit east of Carvolth Road at Thirty-fifth Avenue. Sleep Pit.—J. W. Sleep, owner. A small amount of gravel was produced from a newly opened pit 100 yards east of the junction of Thirty-second Avenue and Berry Road. Company office, Lynnmour; plant, 2962 Lambert Road, Highland Sand and Langley. W. J. Barrett-Leonard, president and general man- Gravel Company ager; J. C. Rees, plant manager. Another pit and plant is Limited operated at Lynnmour. Gravel is excavated from low gravel faces by shovel and trucked to a plant where it is crushed, washed, and screened. Six men were employed. During 1959, 66,289 cubic yards of processed materials was produced. This included 2,865 cubic yards of crushed rock, 44,942 cubic yards of sand and gravel, 2,798 cubic yards of crushed road mulch, and 15,538 cubic yards of bank-run fill. Border Sand and Gravel Company.—Office and plant, Boundary Road, R.R. 4, White Rock. T. Lapierre, manager. Gravel is dug from low faces by an overhead loader and transported to a washing and screening plant. A new washing and screening plant was being erected at the pit at the southwest corner of the municipality. Three men were employed. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 195 Surrey District Municipality Several pits are operated at various locations in this munici- Corporation of the pality. Among these is a large pit with a crushing, screening, District of Surrey and paving-mix plant at the west end of Fifty-fifth Avenue, adjacent to the Delta municipal boundary. Another large pit, from which fill material was obtained, is immediately east of S.U.B. Quarries pit 1 mile south of Port Mann. Fill material is obtained also from a shallow pit on Twenty-second Avenue one-quarter mile west of Coast Meridian Road. Department of Highways.—This Department operated a small pit on One Hundred and Forty-eighth Street one-quarter mile south of McLellan Road. Elderkin's Excavating Ltd.—Office, 1591 Stride Avenue, Burnaby; pit, north end of One Hundred and Forty-fourth Street, 1 mile south of Port Mann. Lawrence Elderkin, manager. Run-of-pit gravel was excavated by gasoline shovel from high pit faces, and 89,579 cubic yards of gravel was produced. S.U.B. Quarries Ltd.—Office, 611 No. 3 Road, Brighouse; pit and plant adjoining to the east the pit of Elderkin's Excavating Ltd. Ivan Eivenmark, pit superintendent. This pit was operated by Whalley Construction Co. Ltd. Mutual Sand and Gravel Ltd.—Office and pit, 15945 One Hundred and Twelfth Avenue, North Surrey. R. H. Cripps, manager. A crushing, washing, and screening plant was installed at this recently opened pit at the northwest corner of Pike Road and One Hundred and Twelfth Avenue. Seven men were employed. The adjacent Anglo Canadian Cement ready-mix plant used the major portion of the sand and gravel produced. Anglo Canadian Cement Ltd.—Office, 1865 Stewart Street, Vancouver 6; plant 15945 One Hundred and Twelfth Avenue, North Surrey. William Ralston, manager. The major portion of the sand and gravel produced by Mutual Sand and Gravel Ltd. was used to manufacture 2,684 cubic yards of ready-mix concrete. A crew of eight men was employed. United Sand & Gravel Ltd.—This property is operated by Steeves and Mann Equipment Ltd., 990 Wildwood Lane, West Vancouver; pit, east of Pike (One Hundred and Sixtieth) Street at One Hundred and Twelfth Avenue. Two men, a gasoline shovel, and a front-end loader were employed to excavate 14,111 cubic yards of run-of-pit gravel. Colebrook Sand & Gravel Company Limited.—Office and plant, 12311 Fifty-third Avenue, R.R. 1, Cloverdale. F. Bray, president and general manager. Two men, using an overhead loader and trucks, produced 21,000 cubic yards of run-of-pit and sized gravel from a semi-portable washing plant in a pit off Fifty-third Avenue adjacent to the Delta municipal boundary and the Surrey municipal pit, at the west end of Fifty-fifth Avenue. Armstrong Pit.—Owner, W. Armstrong, 16594 Sunnyside Road, White Rock. A small production was made from a shallow pit on the owner's property. Company office, 12811 Eightieth Avenue, R.R. 6, North Sur- Dueck Ready Mix rey. This company, a subsidiary of Deeks-McBride Ltd., Ltd. operated two screening and concrete-mixing plants in Surrey. The plant at the above address produced 13,481 cubic yards of ready-mix concrete while 5,557 cubic yards of concrete was produced from gravel 196 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 obtained from a pit southeast of the corner of Larsen and Latimer Roads, 4Vi miles southwest of Langley. Delta District Municipality Abbey and Knight Pit.—Messrs. Abbey and Knight, of Whalley, using a front-end loader, produced a small amount of gravel from shallow workings on the north side of Seventy-second Avenue IV. miles west of Scott Road, the eastern boundary of this municipal district. Industrial Peat Products Pit.—L. Holmes, of Whalley, produced a small amount of sandy gravel from a pit one-quarter mile south of the west end of Seventy- second Avenue. The pit is owned by Industrial Peat Products Ltd. Linton's Construction Co. Ltd., 13124 Seventy-second Ave- Sunshine nue, R.R. 6, North Surrey. Thomas A. Linton, managing Properties Ltd. director. This pit is one-half mile west of Scott Road at Sixty-eighth Avenue. Gravel is mined from low faces by three diesel-driven shovels. It is either crushed and screened in a portable crusher or is sold as run-of-pit. Production in 1959 was 1,190,000 cubic yards. Western Paving Ltd.—This company produced 21,000 tons of asphalt mix in a plant installed in the pit of Sunshine Properties Ltd. west of Scott Road at Sixty-eighth Avenue. Peter Kiewit Sons Company of Canada Ltd.—D. Liscum, General Delivery, Ladner, superintendent. This company acquired the old Delta municipal pit, one- half mile west of the junction of Fifty-eighth Avenue and Scott Road. The pit was cleaned of a mudslide, and an equipment repair building and yard were completed. Some drill testing was done on the gravel deposit. Office and plant, R.R. 2, Boundary Road, Ladner. Walter Patrick Harrison Grieve, manager. A crew of fourteen men was employed at and Company this plant at the corner of Fifty-sixth Street and First Avenue. Limited Gravel is excavated from high banks by diesel-driven shovel and front-end loader to be sold as run-of-pit material or further processed in the screening and washing plant. A concrete mixing plant is operated in conjunction with the pit operation. In 1959, 182,338 cubic yards of gravel was produced and the ready-mix concrete plant produced 4,293 cubic yards of concrete. Midway Asphalt Company produced 6,172 cubic yards of asphalt mix within this pit. Corporation of the District of Delta.—Adjoining the Patrick Harrison pit on its north side is a municipal pit which was operated for the municipality by Patrick Harrison and Company Limited. Howe Sound Company office, 628 Carnarvon Street, New Westminster; pit Construction and plant, Britannia Beach. Eric D. Scholefield, manager; Aggregates Ltd. V. Schurer, foreman. This gravel pit is on the Vancouver- Squamish Highway immediately south of Britannia Beach. Gravel is drawn from the pit with a 3-cubic-yard-capacity Sauerman bucket-scraper powered by a 150-horsepower electric motor. The bucket discharges through a rail grizzly into a feed-pocket, beneath which is a plate feeder. The feeder discharges onto a 30-inch conveyor-belt which carries the feed to the plant by way of an overhead highway crossing. All material passes a 2-inch scalping screen, with the STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 197 undersize going successively to 1%-inch, .8-inch, V.-inch, and %6-inch screens. The sized fractions are then washed and stockpiled. Gravel + 2-inch in size is conducted to a 10- by 24-inch Kue-Ken jaw crusher and to a .4-inch scalping- screen. The oversized fraction is conveyed to a Simons 3-inch standard cone crusher and in turn to the .4-inch screen. The undersized fraction is washed and stockpiled. In addition to completing the construction of this all-steel plant and installing the equipment, the crew of ten men processed 205,000 cubic yards of gravel. The finished products were transported by barge to the Lower Mainland market, used locally for road construction or for backfill in the adjoining Britannia mine. Company office, 1075 Main Street, Vancouver 4; plant, Hill- Hillside Sand & side. J. E. Buerk, manager; Ray Kehoe, superintendent. Gravel Limited This pit and plant were operated by Champion and White Limited, a subsidiary of Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited. Access is by way of the Gibsons-Port Mellon Highway. Three separate pits were operated on Hastings Creek, 1 mile south of Port Mellon on the west shore of Howe Sound. Gravel is mined by ground-sluicing with a constant flow of water cascading over the high pit faces. Diesel-driven shovels are used to load the gravel into 15- cubic-yard Euclid trucks for transporting to the crushing, washing, and screening plant at tidewater. Although the plant was being reconstructed during 1959, a crew of twenty-seven men processed 414,875 cubic yards of gravel for barge shipment to the Lower Mainland market. Powell River G. & H. Sand and Gravel Company Ltd.—Edward Gresley, owner. This company operated a gravel pit, screening plant, and ready-mix concrete plant on the south side of Haslam Lake Road, approximately 3 miles northeast of Westview. Pete's Transfer Pit.—P. Massichuk operated a large sand pit off Allen Road, approximately 3 miles northeast of Westview. Run-of-pit gravel was excavated by a front-end loader and trucked to the consumer. Parsons Tractor Service Ltd.—E. Parsons, manager. This company operated a portable crushing and screening plant, producing gravel for municipal use from a pit midway between Powell River and Westview. Vancouver Island* Butler Brothers Supplies Ltd.—Office and plant, Keating Crossroad. Gravel is blasted or is dug from gravel faces by diesel-driven shovels and an overhead loader. It is transported to a washing and sizing plant or sold as pit-run. A ready- mix plant furnishes concrete for local sales. In 1959, 174,557 cubic yards of gravel was mined. Six men were employed. Mclnfyre & Harding Gravel Company Limited.—Company office and plant, Royal Oak Post Office, Saanich. Gravel is dug by Vi-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovels and is transported by trucks to a chute and grizzly. It is then conveyed to a washing and cleaning plant, where sand, gravel, and washed and sized products are produced. A concrete plant for making concrete bricks, building-blocks, and drain-tile is also operated. In 1959, 44,007 cubic yards of gravel was produced. Sixteen men were employed. * By R. B. Bonar. L 198 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Company office, 900 Wharf Street, Victoria; plant, Royal Evans, Coleman & Bay. D. E. Smith, manager; B. W. Parker, plant superinten- Evans Limited dent. Two plants are operated by this company, both of which are in the vicinity of Royal Bay. At plant No. 1, sand and gravel are mined by using a scraper on a slack-line cableway to loosen packed gravel from the high face. Gravel is loaded by a 1V.-cubic-yard shovel into a hopper, where it discharges onto a conveyor-belt and is conveyed to the plant. Gravel is crushed, screened, washed, and classified, and the products are shipped by scow to markets. At plant No. 2, gravel is dug by a diesel-driven shovel from a low face, loaded onto trucks, and transported to a washing and cleaning plant. Sand, gravel, and crushed products are sold locally. The production from both pits was 375,444 cubic yards in 1959. Twenty-two men were employed. McRae Bros. Ltd.—Office, 1445 Ocean View, Victoria. McRae Bros., operators; John McRae, manager. This pit is near Langford Lake. Gravel is mined from low gravel faces by an overhead loader and sold locally as pit-run. Two men were employed. Midland Pit.—Office, 1325 Rudlin Street, Victoria. George F. Fox, operator and manager. This pit is in the vicinity of Langford Lake. Gravel is mined from low gravel faces by an overhead loader and hauled to a small cleaning and sizing plant by trucks. The pit works intermittently. In 1959, 24,213 cubic yards of gravel was produced. Office, Preini Pacific, Patricia Bay Airport; Preini Pacific Mutter Gravel Pit Limited, operators. H. Blair, manager. This pit is near Whiskey Point, Vancouver Island. Gravel is bulldozed to a hopper, whence it is conveyed by belt conveyor to a mobile crusher and cleaner. It is then transported by trucks to the head of a multiple belt-conveyor system, whereby it is conveyed to the loading-wharf on tidewater. Eight men were employed. Butler Brothers Supplies (Duncan) Ltd. (A. V. Richardson Ltd.).—Company office, Duncan. This property is owned and operated by Butler Brothers Supplies Ltd. The pit is 4 miles from Duncan on the Lake Cowichan road. Pit-run gravel and washed and screened sand, gravel, and rock are produced. Gravel is mined by an overhead loading-machine and also by scraping. Pit-run gravel that is not used directly as fill or road dressing is washed and sized in an adjoining plant. A ready-mix plant uses the washed products as aggregate in concrete for local sales. Three men were employed. In 1959 total production was 14,165 cubic yards of gravel. Cassidy Sand and Gravel Ltd. — Company office, Cassidy Post Office. R. Manko and L. Passetti, operators; R. Manko, manager. This property is adjacent to the Island Highway at Cassidy. There were two pits operating. The gravel is mined by overhead loaders and hauled to a washing and sizing plant by trucks. Six men were employed. Office, Courtenay. S. H. Marriott, manager and operator. S. H. Marriott Sand This pit is beside the Courtenay-Cumberland Road, 2Vi miles and Gravel from Courtenay, and is operated on a lease from Canadian Collieries Resources Limited. Gravel is mined from a high face with a %-cubic-yard gasoline-driven mobile loader. The gravel is fed to a small rotary screening plant, where it is sized into two products—under 2 inches and over 2 inches. Three men are normally employed at the quarry. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 199 SILICA Golden (51° 116° S.W.). Company office, Meech Building, Mountain Minerals P.O. Box 273, Lethbridge, Alta. R. A. Thrall, managing Limited* director; William MacPherson, superintendent. This com pany holds leases covering a silica deposit on the southwest shoulder of Mount Moberly, 5 miles northeast of Golden. The workings and main showings are at 5,000 feet elevation near the centre of Section 1, Township 28, Range 22, west of the 5th meridian. The property can be reached by a road, 6 miles long, that branches north off the Golden-Banff Highway 1 mile east of Golden. The silica is in the Wonah quartzite, a well-known Ordovician formation that is found over a considerable area south and east of Mount Moberly. In most places the Wonah is a hard, compact, medium-grained, white to pinkish quartzite, but in a few scattered locations the rock consists of buff friable sandstone. The Mountain Minerals company property is located on one of the largest showings of the friable material, and the only one known that is readily accessible. The workings are on the southwest limb, near the closed end of a southwesterly overturned syncline that plunges rather steeply to the southeast. The bedding ranges in strike between north 45 and 65 degrees west and in dip between vertical and 74 degrees northeast. To the southwest the quartzite is in what must be fault contact with the younger Beaverfoot-Brisco dolomite formation; to the northeast the quartzite grades gradually into conformably overlying Beaverfoot-Brisco dolomite. The quartzite band is over 1,000 feet thick at the property. Near the southwest contact the rock is hard quartzite; about 100 feet northeast of the contact a sharp gully, parallel to the bedding, marks the beginning of the friable sandy material; the sandy material continues for the next 100 to 200 feet northeast; beyond this again for the next 200 to 300 feet the quartzite is more massive with only patches of friable sand; still farther to the northwest the rock is compact hard quartzite. The sandy zone can be traced nearly 1,000 feet northwest along the strike. Beyond this the quartzite becomes more massive, and about 1,500 feet farther on, at an elevation 700 feet below the lowest workings, the trough of the quartzite bed in the syncline is exposed in a cliff. To the southeast the sandy zone can be followed for nearly a mile, almost to the north fork of Hospital Creek. In the sandy zone the proportion of friable material is quite variable. Much of the rock is such that upon being rubbed between the fingers it breaks down into individual grains of quartz. Scattered through the friable sand are streaks and patches, a fraction of an inch to 2 feet wide, of firm quartzite lying parallel to the bedding. Toward the edges of the sandy zone the rock is mainly hard quartzite with streaks and round spots of friable sand. The sand is pale buff to almost white with scattered brown spots. Microscopic examination reveals that the compact quartzite consists of well-rounded quartz grains with quartz outgrowths which have completely filled the spaces between individual grains and have cemented them firmly together. The friable material consists of rounded grains which have some quartz outgrowths, but apparently insufficient silica was available for these outgrowths to grow enough to fill the interstices, as in the compact quartzite, with the result that the rock is highly porous and only loosely cemented. Quartz makes up almost 100 per cent of the rock. In the thin sections examined the grains were in two distinct sizes, one group averaging 0.5 millimetre in diameter and the other group averaging 0.15 to 0.25 millimetre in diameter, with minor amounts outside these ranges. * By J. W. McCammon. 200 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 When the property was examined in July, 1959, the workings consisted of seven trenches and two pits as shown in Figure 32. The most northerly trench was 45 feet long with a 25-foot-high face at the inner end. Most of the rock exposed was highly friable and light coloured, but that in the end of the trench was quite yellow. Sample No. 1 consisted of a channel sample cut along the entire east wall. The next trench to the southeast was 21 feet long with a 19-foot-high face. The rock here had a peculiar pitted appearance due to there being round sandy spots scattered abundantly through hard quartzite. Sample No. 2 was cut completely around the walls of the trench. In the next two small cuts to the southeast the rock was mostly sandy, with some hard streaks. In the two cuts farthest to the southeast the rock was quite white, with a few small rust spots scattered on the face. Sample No. 3 was taken along a 25-foot face in the most easterly trench (see Fig. 32). LEGEND Sample J~\\. Trench or pit ' Strike and dip of beds EL.5073' .74 \\ "I \\7ft3 Figure 32. Silica sand on Mount Moberly. Analyses of Mount Moberly Silica Sample No. Si02 A1203 Total Fe Ti 1 . 98.63 0.54 0.04 0.02 0.02 2 _ _ 98.85 98.65 0.63 0.58 Trace 3. _ - Trace A sieve analysis was made of the samples after they had been crushed enough to free individual grains from any consolidated rock fragments. United States standard sieves were used. All single grains passed through the No. 20 sieve. The results, in percentages, were as follows:— STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 201 Sample No. On 40 On 60 On 100 Pan 1 .... 19.5 22.7 7.2 32.4 34.6 45.0 21.5 22.3 32.2 26.6 2 _ 20.4 3 15.6 The pan fraction contained a considerable volume of grain fragments broken by the crushing. (49° 117° S.E.) The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Sheep Creek* Company of Canada, Limited, is now accepting silica from the dumps of several of the old gold mines in the Sheep Creek area. During 1959 F. Rotter made shipments from dumps leased from the Sheep Creek Mines Limited. A. Endersby shipped silica from dumps at the Gold Belt mine. M. Arishenkoff made shipments from the Dixie claim of the Kootenay Belle dump. Oliver (49° 119° S.W.). Pacific Silica Limited. Registered Oliver Silica office, 717 West Pender Street, Vancouver 1; quarry office, Quarryt Box 397, Oliver. I. A. Hunter, manager. The Oliver silica quarry is on the Gypo mineral claim, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, and is operated under lease by the Pacific Silica Limited. The Gypo claim is less than one-quarter of a mile west of Highway No. 97, 1 mile north of Oliver. During 1959 the average crew employed was eighteen. Estimated production for the year was 38,409 tons. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1958, p. 104.] * By J. D. McDonald. t By D. Smith. L Petroleum and Natural Gas By J. D. Lineham CONTENTS Page Exploration 202 Development 203 Field Office 204 Reserves 205 Production 206 Gas-gathering System 206 Crude-oil Pipe-line 207 Well Records, Well Information, and Statistics 207 Well Records and Information 207 Statistics 207 Well Samples 208 EXPLORATION In northeastern British Columbia thirty seismic crews did work in 1959 for seventeen oil companies. The reflection seismic method was used chiefly, but some refraction profiles were shot. Minor gravity meter and magnetometer surveys were made. Oil companies continued photogeological and surface geological mapping of the plains, foothills, and Rocky Mountains. In other parts of the Province several sedimentary areas were also investigated for oil and gas potential using the following exploratory methods:— (1) Rocky Mountain Trench, Cranbrook area—seismic survey. (2) Fernie and Flathead area—seismic, gravity, magnetic, photogeological, and geological surveys. (3) Nass River area—seismic, aeromagnetic, photogeological, and geological surveys. (4) Nechako and Nazko River areas—photogeological and geological surveys. (5) Vancouver-Chilliwack area—seismic survey. (6) Nanaimo Basin—photogeological and geological surveys of the Gulf Islands and part of Vancouver Island. (7) Hecate Strait—marine seismic survey. (8) Graham Island—seismic, aeromagnetic, and geological surveys. Drilling activity in 1959 was confined to northeastern British Columbia, where, of the 140 wells operated, 138 were located on the plains and two in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Most of the wells were drilled north of the Peace River, with a marked increase in exploratory drilling in the Fort Nelson area, where major gas discoveries were made in February and March. Existing fields generally were developed and enlarged. The following discovery wells were completed in 1959:— 202 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 203 Oil Discoveries Well Name Oil Zone Sinclair Pac Peejay d-39-E Triassic Halfway. Triad West Beatton River d-39-K Lower Cretaceous Bluesky-Gething. Union Aitken Creek b-42-L Lower Cretaceous Bluesky-Gething. Gas Discoveries Well Name Gas Zone FPC-Richfield N Daiber c-76-D (1) Triassic Baldonnel. Gulf States et al. Evie Lk b-85-H (2) Devonian Slave Point. Gulf States Imp Clarke L c-94-L (2) Devonian Slave Point. Gulf States Kotcho Lake c-67-K (3) Devonian Slave Point. Gulf States Petitot R d-24-D (1) Devonian Slave Point. Imperial Calvan Altares a-83-A Lower Cretaceous Bluesky-Gething. Imperial Pan Am La Biche b-55-E Mississipoian Rundle. Pacific et al. ledney b-88-I Triassic Charlie Lake. Pacific et al. Siphon 11-27-86-16 Triassic Charlie Lake. Pacific Imperial Bubbles b-33-I Triassic Baldonnel-Charlie Lake. Pacific Sunray Imp Sojer a-61-L Triassic Baldonnel-Charlie Lake. Pacific Sunray Imp E Laprise d-68-E Triassic Baldonnel-Charlie Lake. Sinclair etal. Lily d-12-K (XB18-1) Mississippian Rundle. Sun et al. E Jeans c-Al-H Upper Palaeozoic. Sun etal. W Jeans a-22-B Triassic Charlie Lake. Texaco NFA Cameron River d-43-H Triassic Schooler Creek. Union Aitken Creek a-53-L (3) Lower Cretaceous Bluesky-Gething. Union Fireweed d-53-G Lower Cretaceous Dunlevy. Union-HB Milligan Creek d-20-H Triassic Halfway. DEVELOPMENT One hundred and forty wells were drilled in 1959, an increase of 26 per cent over the number in 1958. Forty-eight different rigs drilled fifty development wells and ninety exploratorv wells, with a total of 614,861 feet of hole, an increase of 27 per cent over the 1958 footage. Successful completions numbered sixtv-four, of which forty-four were gas wells and twenty were oil wells, representing increases of twenty-one and three wells respectively. Forty-six wells were abandoned, a decrease of four from 1958. At the end of 1959 two wells were classified as suspended pending deepening and twenty-eight were being drilled. Eighty-one gas wells and thirty-seven oil wells were in production at the end of 1959. The number of gas and oil wells capable of production were 193 and fifty-nine respectively. A complete summary of wells drilled during the year is shown in Table 1. General statistics concerning well operation and production data are shown in Table 3. New fields designated were the Beatton River, Beatton River West, Bubbles, Jedney, Nig Creek, and Stoddart fields. Field boundaries were revised for the Boundary Lake, Buick Creek, Buick Creek West, Gundy Creek, Jedney, Milligan Creek, Montney, and Red Creek fields. Oil and gas fields designated at December 31st, 1959, are shown in Table 2. The names of a number of wells were changed during 1959, following adoption of a system designed to standardize well-naming. All well names, except those of wells abandoned prior to the establishment of the system, now conform 204 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 to the standard procedure which divides a well name into three basic parts, as follows:— (1) The full or abbreviated name of. the company or companies responsible for the well. (2) Reference to the general or specific area in which the well is located. This part of the name refers to a geographic area, topographic feature, or to an established position such as a triangulation station. In areas where a definite reference is not possible, some other name is designated. (3) Reference to the survey system recognized in the area. This part of the name indicates either the legal subdivision, section, township, and range or, in areas not surveyed into townships, the quarter-unit, unit, and block as described in the publication entitled " Permit and Lease ' Grid' System." The National Topographic Series map numbers given in this publication are not included in the official well names but are recorded by the Branch for reference purposes. Examples:— Dome Boundary Lake 16-26-85-14. Sinclair Pac Peejay d-39-E. FIELD OFFICE The field staff, with headquarters at Dawson Creek, carried out continuous inspections of all phases of drilling and producing operations in northeastern British Columbia, from the northern boundary of the Province to the Monkman Pass area and from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Alberta Boundary. A distance of 86,783 miles was driven by the technical staff in the performance of inspection duties and to make or witness tests on individual wells. In addition to enforcing the Regulation Governing the Drilling of Wells and the Production and Conservation of Oil and Natural Gas, the staff investigated all complaints laid by land-owners concerning work done by exploration companies under the Geophysical Regulations. The Branch owns a wire-line unit, also known as a bottom hole unit, which has been used by the technical field staff since October, 1958, to measure the temperature and pressure of each well completed in every natural-gas reservoir. It consists basically of a power-winch mounted in a .4-ton panel truck, 10,000 feet of wire line, a depth indicator, recording temperature and pressure gauges, and other miscellaneous equipment designed to facilitate running the measuring instruments in wells under pressures as high as 5,000 pounds per square inch. During 1959 ninety-seven successful runs were made in gas wells capable of production in the Blueberry East, Blueberry West, Buick Creek West, Bubbles, Fort St. John, Fort St. John Southeast, Highway, Jedney, Kiskatinaw, Kobes-Townsend, Montney, and Stoddart fields. A number of runs were made, the results of which were inconclusive, incomplete, or unacceptable due to mechanical failures or operational difficulties. Two fatalities occurred on January 11th in one accident at Pan Am A-l Beaver River b-63-K well, located approximately 100 miles northwest of Fort Nelson and 3 miles south of the British Columbia-Northwest Territories Boundary. Arnold Lindberg and Helmund Adolf Hartwig, employees of the drilling contractor, were killed instantly. A series of difficulties had been encountered during the two weeks prior to the accident, commencing on December 28th, 1958, with a flash explosion beneath PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 205 the derrick floor after the drill pipe had been run approximately 4,800 feet of the total well depth of 8,519 feet. Two days before the accident, following completion of repairs which had been required after the travelling-block and hook fell to the floor damaging the drilling line, draw-works, hook, and the top tool joint, the drill pipe was run to the bottom and the hole was being conditioned when the drilled mud suddenly became gas-cut. The well was shut down immediately to condition the mud and to mix 350 barrels to replace mud which had been lost to the formation. The mud volume was restored within ten hours but, since the temperature was 40 degrees below zero, the swivel, hose, stand pipe, and kelly had frozen, the latter with the kelly cock open. As a positive float valve was installed in the drill collars, the hose was disconnected from the swivel, and for eighteen hours steam was used to supply heat for thawing. The men were working above the derrick floor when the ice plug dislodged suddenly. A flow of gas, at an estimated rate of between 8 and 10 million cubic feet per day, escaped and exploded. An inquest was held at Fort Nelson on February 4th, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " We the jury find that Arnold Lindberg and Helmund Adolf Hartwig came to their death by accidental means on January 11, 1959, at approximately 2.45 a.m. at Beaver River, British Columbia, Dallas Drilling No. 1 on Rig Floor, by concussion caused by a sudden escape of gas." RESERVES Proved recoverable reserves of crude oil and natural gas increased substantially during the year, the former by 39.4 per cent and the latter by 43.5 per cent. A summary of these reserves, together with explanatory notes, is given in Table 14. The increase of oil reserves is due mainly to the extension of Boundary Lake and Milligan Creek reserve areas. New discoveries were made in the Bluesky- Gething formation at Beatton River West and in the Halfway formation at Peejay area (formerly called Doig River), but the additional reserves proved thereby are still small, pending outstep drilling to appraise the extent of the reservoirs. In addition to the Beatton River West and Peejay areas, oil was also discovered in the Bluesky-Gething formation in Aitken Creek area but, due to the thicker section and better porosity of a near-by gas well, which is probably up dip on the same structure, the accumulation may eventually be shown to be marginal, as is the case in the Buick Creek West field. New oil discoveries are expected along the Boundary Lake-Milligan Creek- Beatton River trend, especially as drilling in these areas has been greatly accelerated as a result of the 8-inch oil pipe-line which is scheduled to be in operation during the latter part of 1960. The increase in gas reserves is due largely to the development of the Jedney and Laprise Creek reservoirs, which were discovered in 1958, the discovery and development of the Bubbles reservoir, and the further development of the Nig Creek reservoir. Large potential reserves have been discovered in the Middle Devonian east and north of Fort Nelson, at Kotcho Lake and Petitot River, while the reserves in the same formation have been increased by two additional wells during 1959 in the Clarke Lake area. Gas discoveries were also made during the year west of the Kobes Creek-Townsend trend in the general Cameron River area and also in the Jedney-Bubbles-Laprise Creek area, at Sojer and East Laprise. Large increases in both oil and gas reserves are anticipated in 1960. 206 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 PRODUCTION Thirty-seven oil wells produced 866,109 barrels of crude oil and eighty-one gas wells produced 69,128,700,000 cubic feet of gas during 1959. These figures represent increases in production over 1958 of 69 per cent and 8 per cent respectively. The highest monthly production was in December, when 93,338 barrels of oil and 7,128,861,000 cubic feet of gas were produced. Propane production increased 40 per cent to 96,925 barrels, and butane production increased 154 per cent to 207,029 barrels. Sulphur production decreased 14 per cent to 53,694 tons. The decrease can be attributed to a marked decline in gas production in the general Fort St. John area and increased production of gas with a lower hydrogen sulphide content from other fields. Other by-products recovered were 512,951 barrels of condensate and 382,833 barrels of natural gasoline. A general summary of oil, gas, and water production, by years, is shown in Table 4, page 215. Monthly and annual oil production by fields and pools in 1959 and 1958 is shown in Tables 5 and 5a. Summaries of oil and gas production by months and years are shown in Tables 6 and 8. Monthly and annual gas production by fields and pools in 1959 and 1958 is shown in Tables 7 and 7a. Production of condensate, natural gasoline, butane, propane, and sulphur in 1959 and 1958 is shown in Tables 9 and 9a. Disposition of crude oil and natural gas in 1959 and 1958 is shown in Tables 10 and 10a, pages 224 to 227. The gross values, by months and years, of oil, gas, and by-products marketed are shown in Tables 11, 12, and 13. Some of the figures shown in these tables do not agree with data published previously in the Monthly Oil and Gas Reports, but all revisions are based on amended reports submitted by operating companies. Westcoast Transmission Company Limited purchased all gas produced. Of the 64,525,633,000 cubic feet of British Columbia gas and 25,252,876,000 cubic feet of Alberta gas delivered to the main gas transmission pipe-line, less a total line loss of 1,194,698,000 cubic feet, British Columbia Electric Company Limited, Inland Natural Gas Co. Ltd., and Plains Western Gas and Electric Co. Ltd. distributed 13,873,244,000, 4,140,395,000, and 255,518,000 cubic feet respectively. The remaining 70,314,654,000 cubic feet, representing approximately 80 per cent of the gas transported by the 30-inch main gas transmission pipe-line, was sold to Pacific Northwest Pipeline Corporation for export to the United States. Gas produced in Alberta was distributed to the communities of Dawson Creek and Pouce Coupe by Northland Utilities Limited. A total of 1,221,468,000 cubic feet was consumed during the year. Crude oil produced was sold chiefly to the refinery at Dawson Creek, owned by X-L Refineries Limited. This company purchased 778,360 barrels. The remaining 83,576 barrels was marketed chiefly in Alberta. Gas-gathering System The Westcoast Transmission Company's gas-gathering system, which previously had terminated to the north in a 12-inch western branch to the Highway field and a 20-inch eastern branch to the West Buick Creek field, was extended J — PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 207 during 1959. The western branch was continued for 18.7 miles to the north to a common metering station, from which two 10-inch laterals now serve the Bubbles and Jedney fields. This extension represents an additional capacity to the system of some 50 million cubic feet per day. The eastern branch is now connected by a 4-inch lateral with the Buick Creek field, approximately 4 miles to the east. Crude-oil Pipe-line A board was appointed by the Minister of Commercial Transport pursuant to the provisions of section 6 of the Pipe-lines Act, being chapter 60 of the Statutes of British Columbia, 1955, to hear evidence in support of applications for certification to construct an oil pipe-line from the Beatton River-Milligan Creek and Boundary Lake areas of northeastern British Columbia to Dawson Creek, via Taylor. Public hearings were held in the Parliament Buildings at Victoria for eleven days between June 15th and July 15th, 1959, and on August 28th, 1959, the board submitted a report, on the basis of which the right to construct and operate the first oil-gathering system in British Columbia was given to Peace River Oil Pipe Line (B.C.) Ltd. This company has undertaken to construct 135 miles of 8-inch transmission-line from the Beatton River-Milligan Creek area via the Boundary Lake field, Taylor, and Dawson Creek to within one-half mile of the British Columbia-Alberta border and, from one-half mile on the other side of the border, 120.3 miles of 8-inch transmission-line via Grande Prairie to connect with the 12-inch line from Valley View to Edson, on the Trans-Mountain trunk pipe-line from Edmonton to Vancouver. The British Columbia and Alberta sections of the 8-inch line will be connected across the common boundary by 1 mile of 8-inch line which will be owned by British American Pipeline Company and will be constructed and operated under Federal jurisdiction. In addition, 13 miles of 4-inch line will connect the Beatton River, Milligan Creek, Peejay, and Boundary Lake wells into the system. Not only will the refinery at Dawson Creek and the refinery under construction at Taylor be assured of an uninterrupted supply of crude oil for their operations, but British Columbia crude oil will also be available for the North Star Refinery at Grande Prairie in Alberta and for the larger refineries in the Vancouver area. WELL RECORDS, WELL INFORMATION, AND STATISTICS Well Records and Information Complete records are maintained of all wells drilled and produced within the Province. All information collected is compiled and classified for release, in accordance with the regulation. Non-confidential data are made available to interested persons at a nominal charge for examination, or by reproduction of records, or by publication. A Schedule of Wells listing pertinent data on all wells drilled within the Province is published periodically. A revised edition, including all wells drilled to January 1st, 1960, and which consolidates all previously published schedules and supplements thereto, was issued in 1960. Statistics Two reports, issued at the end of each month, are available by subscription or by purchase of single copies. 208 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The Monthly Drilling and Land Report is prepared jointly by the Petroleum and Natural Gas and the Administration Branches. It outlines current drilling activity and disposition of Crown petroleum and natural-gas rights. The Monthly Oil and Gas Report is a monthly summary of the number of producing and productive wells by field; production and disposition of crude oil, natural gas, and water by field; gross value of crude-oil and natural-gas production to the producer; and the production and disposition of. propane, butane, condensate, natural gasoline, and sulphur. The cumulative annual figures are included. Well Samples Unless otherwise directed, any operator who drills a well for petroleum or natural gas is required to take a sample of bit-cuttings at least every 10 feet of depth. All material from core samples must be preserved in labelled boxes not more than 30 inches long and must be delivered to the Department when required. The Department of Mines core-storage depot at Pouce Coupe became filled in September, 1957, and since then each operator has been required to provide temporary core storage. Samples of all well-cuttings are forwarded by the operator to the stratigraphic laboratory in Victoria. A part of each 10-foot sample is washed, dried, and filed in a labelled glass bottle in sequence with other samples from the same well. A complete set of samples from each well is available for examination at Victoria. Two additional sets of samples are bottled and shipped—one to the laboratory of the Geological Survey of Canada at Calgary and one, since January, 1958, to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch field office at 1805 One Hundred and Eighth Avenue, Dawson Creek. During 1959, 49,254 bit-cutting samples were washed and bottled in Victoria. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 209 03 O < H CO On On •^3 a. O -_! __> tfc • _> _. co CO cd cu 60 00 _" ,___, j-j tt tt ■3 =3 £ .___ _fi CO Cl> cd ca "OHJWH a a £* & O O fi! _ *_3 "o tj *a c c c c . _ 3 D ££ OO cd cd cj ffl t_3 T3 o o W M .2 _o >■ >> .2 .2 QQhH 300. 3 c c 5 3 3, S o o 3 2 2 pq co oa U O o TJ TJ TJ > TJ B d fl B B cj C j_J CO _b _b _c W _fl cd [* cd cd cd g w C B T3 CdTjTjTj CdTj ^ C g C C c '5 g C bb.2 .5 c 3 E TJ TJ TJ £ H £.2 2 ,o X3 jb ca ca cd ca cd cq pq TJ TJ TJ o o " a 911 rt cd ca^cd cd >^ ;>, ^ _cd cd QQDhhQDPOOQQQOQPO cd cd ; HHHQhht 1 * aa S3 t% M » » 00 _ c. C 00 00 £ e$ dj a a a ^ ^ a 2 § ft S la-.. -L S — — Sdf.J) £ OOCOO„3~ to _...s_bi! g MMMMM M 2 2 3 r-c_c_c_c_ajr.r. rjpo J-I rj rJ rJ g U V Si co ;>.>.>..-.>.G ■£ OoOOO-=- eded « c cd pa pa pa ca gpa pa TjU&iooouo'j-oo C U. C *5_ "Jo *v. *Jfl "to co '5. '£ Cd(L>-_— cfl___*._n__ ■-____ ^iJ;33cdcdcacaca_/_cacd Jf o j_? 'C 'C "C "l. C ;~j "G *C ^H^rHOON^r.^o^r.^ooNO^OMiri^o^oor.t^r-ioo^^u^ooo\\t^-~--r--Go ooc7\\i-i-Hmw.c^r~-m^-inr-'-'cj\\m'— r.Or-oh..Hr.r.o_^ar.inhinocoirir- ^mc»^^Oi_.OrnOw.\\Oi-|00 t^r^^rn^Tfr-r.^c^^O.-\\ooro<^c^i—^©t^V"> (N .f ^ Tf t in ^t in t io m" Tt t" t" T--rnt^r-^t-^'-H"r-cN Tf _£■._• oo t*T rt ** ^ ^fr" "$■ ^ O 'V Vi O cu M TJ PC co cd o a bpj_j CC . 3 O o 1SS5 i^^t^OO\\'Of.<_.Ov.r.\\J_;00\\OvOOin,oC)OvO Mr.ccV'I'Oi/.Ofnow.^HOOhOco'jt.fOh m'^-rj-xtTrif.'^-in'd-i ir.,c.^"*'o'Olor-hr-cct- ! O 00 : c- VC ^c Oco _nOOOvt~-r--r-o_i nt (Ni u « iu u o ftSiS ooososososasa\\OsasOsasasasosoooooscysasasooosOsas<^ccasasccosososOsOsOsOsO\\Os inir\\inu^ir)inininininv^in,ntn'r)inir\\^inyninirt^*nu^inir'lin^^u^in oso\\OsOsOsasasasasasasaso^ososQsas,Gsasasosa*osasososasosOsosososasasO\\Qsasos T-.C.1-1 H(NiHN r-< fNCS'-' rn C. rJH(Sri(.ri t-hy-h tN tN y £fj__>t. U >.,J *e *^' 60 n J-" +J « w tif.'^S.^ >■ 1. P U O U U_;cJ CJ U O O 4-J ri b M jd P^».^P>.0^^<.£SO>.OQ^ T , ^—'m oo i Mb. i_i cj cf rc gaj ■81-8 sm § (..So lis _ £ o UUP o\\ ri cn u '~v r-WHrjr. ijJ- ca tj _, ^^. <^^^ | ^ jdiO OJ -i DS. M-.«_U!U_»g-t( q!__s; 3. i _ u ctj ca ^ i-l i-1 _ . •_ n » g S S 5 •s 'S ~ b .a fiftO.P.ii s t. re rt 2 o o o o < S «_ "3U 0 0) 9§3 00 r-i NO oi il S 6 S 5 o o POO ■S "S Q >" 9 ffl rH 13 ■-) O W U^ igs ~ M ^ _ . t- O J3 J3 U oo 1J UOs w J. Ch Ch Ph S _ OPQDDnUfcHOOOO f<2.c. jj _ _ °P oi o uic^ i-li. .M u Cj Oj hJ CI H H •_* ^ i- c. > cj UO™Z rn M l-i M HH CJ [Ih _ CC to Dou & a & 6 S E u_ w __ w in cd cd cd cd cd pa PQ PQ PQ Ph o tt o o tt a i e. s a o o o o P U OJ tt www cd cd cd cd wwww WH -W -w *»H 3 33 3 OOOO __ t^ *~^ rs ^NOQrl TJ i^-H tt tt tN £i m M r^ (_, l3r.«(g 0 ° a " X! J_ o & ° CJ .»._ 0 0 cj cj 1 8 2 | "i. C. re BJ a h 2_ s_j oooo Or. ft re |£ rH -j CO o _^ -a a ca | xs t op op tU 'T' CN ri JoONi f, i&bS BBS ■< 9 3 O ■ oom '. CZ C- • 5 2 u » - re re ._ ) Ph Oh u 1 ft ft ft Nee «■- vi rn re ns >, XK. ft D § a e E« c B <• ^,.2 3 5? 0 re (-< o o a a § nmp. a g O U - __ |S re re .2 ,, Oh CU C 2 CJ ^ ^ OJ Cd CC E E E j- re rn WrH PhBh c.O\\iciooooNtiONO.nooon\\ovimroocc.N_^NfmminOhm^HTHr.c..^ rin.mM-OCOOihNtNfOiCMOOh^Mar.OfCOOnHrfflNNNOW.iO'n ...-r'^-ic.H^..-t^"^.c.^i^..H^rn^in"o.^'^^H*-.ici"/.i/.i^H^Tt^-^ L 210 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 .g c o g On >n On *. "_f a. O O £ -1 -S_ _JL .1 _ 5 E E > > cd « J Jt d J • ? • __J • ■ _^ *K "3 CO 73 73 7u 7D To 33 33 73 73 tt 5 X Os a. ^SS. « « Sri £ ^ cotocococo * -* coco co c TJ G cd cd ra w cd cd cd cd co co cdcd cd c. 0 00 00 00 00 00 cd cd oo eo oo 00 M TJ __* tttttttttt oooo uo ttS .*.__..__(.__ ^3 co -j3 ,S tt tt tt tt U CJ (J . ,j q I- t, 1_ l_ -H ^ .-«. tHlH tt -- u '— cd in cd m x: cd cdcacacaca tt u a cs > ed > « CB to cd 00 oj > •^ i "6 -^tjVtj *J TJTJ 1 *u W ^ C 7! « ^ tt V -1" gJg^coo cg •ttr 0 tt050O\\ OO 73 a § 3 '- 3 § 3 ^ 3 3 ?cd2 cd cdcd^cd S cdcd X 3 O Ed w g§i§ilililll§gl|i|i c -: c tt c S3 cd cdcd cd cdtO^^u-C-0-0 cd cd -O « cd =2 rt PQCQpapapa rt £ « p ca cd cdqQpQ cd^cqpqpa CO n a O n .rf .U«pqrt ttd .^ # « « CdPP oo o u o"OUtjUtjtjtj q -j TJ u o tt CJ ? L u tt &b"3 bhcjTj o tj bioijtoTj ^jjtjtj cococococn^CL-Cdocdcdcd-n^cdcfl^int/ 2 '^ 2«*s = ac « s 'Eo 5 __ ic s.c a S c £ cd cd cdcd cd^^^^^^^cd cd >, cd cdcd a t-_u_i-i';Oi.O);i;i;hv-i.ti.iH. hi-hHHQ-jQ--QQQHhDH^Hh HHPQQhQhPQQPwQQQ tt «__ M Oi-'^.'d'OOoor-imO loc.rmmONO'-Ht-- NC o>o«m.Oh r-N0inOO--tNmi~r)m,d-'^",cf'-H 'tn.ininv.mit.ir V in '_• m'd-v.invC'drrn'-'NO t-^t Si O^ON^OOcof.rnir.t-~-U.Tj-u.rnONC>-Hr-- NC o\\o 1 >n I o -h r— no : ! ! i •_■ O r~^r-oOi-H>#-.ONOO\\(n_^oo-^rvjD-^-omo- r- mo ! ^h :oo>-if.c. NO in NO m r*^1-1 H Ht-(lf) XT Tfr m O rt cn T. in -.r 'd »n co , cn no >-" tN n in in m n m in in MtJ ^OvO^OvCTn^^iO^^OvosOi^OsOvOv^O' C o\\ On tt. tt\\ 0\\ ON OS 3S 1-4 *"* 3 J cd u CO*OM>000\\.r.i/.H«cOHH^t^oO. ■^J O oo m 0\\ © in oo" c> i-" CS fN tN —1 fNcn—i tNtNtN CNtN m t-h ^ tN CN CN tN ci>««eiu2>>i_juj*'i.uj?>>iti *. 3nC-«D.3(iiC---iHc_)[1ti-HWcdQ--r.C-1 r cd tu c' SOnminnin'nininininin TJ TJ C\\ON0\\CT.ONONONONC7.CTNCJ\\Cr\\O\\O.ONO\\CT>0sO^ a OsosOsOsasasQsasasasOsOsOsosasQs, 3 i>rn©c»Ocni>.n^Lnr^^in^--oooo..rnt-- cn as Os 0 Q r-oCr-^No*ni—'inor- i—m* w (Ny-it-h »-. t-h t-h ^h t—i CN m -—i (N *-< cN'-H(Ncnmi—icNt— c.T-ic.'-Hmc^. cn tt "cd Q >s«t.^*>^>_?c>1>^bM___>l-:nc!:^ 1= _:>d ^ Vjji'^n ti ,< p.' ii «i cO tt n 3 (ii "■— -rr n> « ttG tt~_._ r.ZQZ 0 ,t_ _oncnl__3CQ,iV ii-JtttL.tt,Sh > a. c •c a, >- §0^,3 s o2■_,.£. r^ni.1"^-. 3 -, _,cay o .:_; a. p. * )-H R tt1- ,>,.2 8_._>,c__BhQW^ "7 T3 ■_. >. >. >. >. t. ^^ 9 u > a; & >>>*><>?>■ b > cdcdcdcacacd_!_i_^^i'':-1,JW-i cd cdcdcdcdca R l-"lHlHl-llH(H(lflr_J->-(-'-,-**-,,H^H__!l^'H'" CGGGGC-y----i-i-J='GGGGCGC > < c C3 n . cd cd >h A. .cdcd h _7J£- ►C C 3 ca G C u-rrt cJCC__>J>>U(!j H3P£Mp334J-<<<<4)m q>««mK ttWWttpG G 333 cCc3c3c3cGc3cgc3cGcg<:<<<^~ fc_ WWWWWWPQPQPQtiHtHl-HWWWWWWC*' y . OyUttUOOttOUttOOOOUUUC ^cCcScGcGcxjtccGcccGJGCCcGcccGcCcGcGcc c tt 'tt "tt 'tt "tt "tt "u 'tt O 'tt 'tt o o u W U u u I 't tt tt 'o '5 G tt u "G 'u '5 c ^ c c c th\\ cdcdcdcdcdsJc^cdcdcdcdcd cdcdcdcdcdcdK B cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd^jcdcdcdcdcajn CLlp4P_HpHaHp4c^pL(cL1pLiQHpHa,&.pHpHPL.a«p. a pHpHPL,D-0--pHCHP-P-p-P^PHp.P-PHe_, 00$ 52° C +HH-, NO^ocorNr^r-mo\\c.mtnrr)C3'-ocMno<_)r- OC t.Hifioo^^oor-r.f.tNMnN'-M- ^ ■<3 ■^ ■<* TT "* «* ** f •^ ■^ "T ^ ^r tt - O tt tt C >, 3 3 3 tt W G tt O £ O O ■S-fl 2 £ *5 ^3 ™ N _. a o TJ > TJ TJ 3 £ 3 3 B x> M cd-O JJH * g cu 7a O «c3 *d TJ til U T3 TJ b_.*3 Ph O TJ PL, a a 3 -a g 3 G «i fe PbPhPQ ^sa ■?£?& PPQP030 hPD as 13 cd tt 00™ 5§ o 8; ■§? . wPQ bo _u u .3 'ui 'to 3 cd cd X 'C 'C •^ TJ PQ TJ 1 tt w tt tt o (J 3 rf ca O TJ O TJ O O O TJ aj TJ TJ TJ TJ 3 3 3 hD -O -O cd «! cd hijTj TJ TJ a 3 3 3 ■3 cd cd cd Bfc&b PPPP f-QrJQ a a a a OJ CJ <_■ CJ * s E £ 'o 'S o 'o 00 00 00 00 c c c c 3 5 5 a CJ CJ CJ CJ 9999 A -id ,_*: id co co co co tt tt tt tt 3D 3 3 PQPQPQPQ CO CO CO to 3 3 3 3 O O O O tt tt tt tt U tt tt tt cd cd cd cd tt tt tt u tiUUUU C Ih Ih (h Ih ^H tt tt tt tt 3 a £ & * 4j O O O O -OONinOO- M O \\c m ^ O m m r.^oOr-ohmt^^r-O'.'.'-i tt. r- .- o oc cn — o cn t- a. vo r- - aCO«co\\mhhOooaiO\\OOiNinNt..r,omtmoi3iviOo ■T.Hr.^HloO^.^Xr-HiOlO^»(N'.ClMH^^.,3'HO\\rIrnO inaHr.mt^"^iiCinOvOO\\r-»C^nTfNO\\r^Kr^r^(^inrH[»ooin rn tN r" ■4 vo 4 vd f ' r-" w n" ri >£ *o* cT 4 4 4' r' n m f ' 4 w rn cn cn mo I m oo o <— o i m oo no Ox ; r- tt >— OV T-H vo r- o o NO t- m VO ON i— m m CN cn ! r- O ! d r- m o 1 t. rtO t> cn o | r- cn oo ■ tN in cn cn tN m r- oc rN in fN oo ■*t cn rj- cn Os I— 1 m t in i _-■ tN 7 ; r- r- os : th m o Q : as m m o ; r- oo oc in ! cn r- ! ^f NO VO , a> T t t n r. ! cn ■_" cn : cn cn cn m ON O. in m on as Os Os Os in m m Os as as > (H Ih - tt o cd cd 5 tt zs Ssa Os Os as on in >n OS ON NC on m tt Q ft. vtm_ SOP _n ON U. i_ ON ON &d CJ i. _ O •E S _J u-S. On tt' Os Os Os Os in in in m in in Os Os Os Os Os Os o5j«5 m m in Ov ON Os all Os O* Os Os in m in m Ov ttv Ov ON 3 cd a) tt r.S0P C.ONG.ONONCTvOOOCOvOVOvttvOvOOaNCvtt.OvOVONONO.OvOvONONttNCOOOttNONON©\\CV^iO\\ONOvONONOv0sOOO.tt-ttV v.i_ini_i_ini.^i.ini.^in^i_i.ioi_i.inini.'nin 0\\ONO\\ONONONONtt\\ONONONtt\\tt\\0\\ONONO\\ONONONttsONO\\OS^ONONa\\aNONtt\\tt\\ONONONONONONONONONONONONONO\\ :uott*ttS cj : aJ <" <° tt O co .P-PPtU^P in <3 .3 ] -H rn cb u pa _ ■* ! >> Cd tt Ih Ih Ih tt U _ ' HH 1 cd o P 1 _? M ; 1*5 cd I U _S ! Ph S ttP. 3 V. Ij _Ih U ^ tt tt |H 2 PQPQffi d :._; _: 3 *-: _; r-j « ■3" _-< *7 < cn ; x> t~- cd co "O co 3 cd 3 £ r.^1 .OO cd cd cd cd cd r E S.1 5. _ _ _ c .S.E 5 w w 0> U c c O 3 3 _ _ _ C C C C 3 3 3 3 CJ CJ CJ C B C ■ !« ° c '*. 3a 1 tt CO tt I a fA £ ! 3 c. cd 1 °t«. C_ ' l~1 t! > > X) TJ TJ TJ (2 p_3 (5 KM G 3 3 3 3 tt tt tt w ^ = ^ > t» > > O O O s_;p_;p^i>-!> TJTjTjTjTJTJTJTjTj cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd "C 'C 'C "ri "C 'C *C 'C *G \\0(^ONioo^Or^ooON0o»^inONVocnocTtoos^inin^O-^cN^inootnvor^ONO"nvCcn^vooooo^incN ^ONooovinOvrrOcNc^cnO\\tNoo^tNrfT^in^^OtNO\\oor^o^^in«cn-n^cncnc>ic> t^^^t^itnti.Trir, ■■_* ^J- cn ^^tn^^iririiciv.^M-M-".Nt^M'>n^'tTf"ct'd''d'(r, in ^ ^ in t rr u-, in 212 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 T3 O 3 d c o ON "n On "T3 O J. ■_. 1 *CJ a * | CO * re — 00 Tt „ r^ P cn H •n O -— hS * O ,_ Dunlev} d. d. il well. il well. 3il well. at 1,745 il well. il well. as well. d. d. •a 8 CJ 3 TJTJTJTJTJ TJ Pa <+h tt tt .0 ,q .0 .a -o •£ <» ^ cdcdcdcdcd cd S-h^tJ TJTJTJTJTJ ^Tj M1^ 8 GGG33g3g^m7J cd cd cd cd cd ■■■ cd ■■■ aj oj X CJtjtj 0 tto-g o ttu'2eib'3 u cd a 5 s co - m in m ™ 3 ^ S >. i. rt 2.2 fi S 2 2 >-■ 35 >, OQPQPPDfljj hJPOHHH HHHPPQ r-NooovoomcoNovo-g- ■_. O CN .)- f OvTj-^cn incncn ;cnvo cncncncncncn r- CN ■<* O © © !J\\vOOr. t-vOi-HVOO ICN ivoov tOOtt ! _Q O tt tt O 73 "U tt OZfeOQ ! ON Ov ! -h cn in i > u o & z< Ztrt> iss •° -° cd 3 P..-.S * ttvOVOOONOvOvOOONONOO inmmininmmininin ttvttvONONttvOvtt-ONttvON ON On on CO Os Os in in m m in m Ov ON CTv ttv ttv Ov Os Os Os Ov ON Ov cn HHNmH cn cN >ri>vtt>U>d^> OO-T-ttOttOtt^O Z<< .QZQZQwZ tt 5 3 to To 5 Or.-.Phr. ■S c re c « re .5 re h -,£ r. s a i< r_3 . °? 9 ? K «4 OJ .3 * ^3 re-*■«£__ Ob cn re r. 9 •O 3 cj 5 cj *^ o-S &m mm oo cN r. NfNfm ■a j_ re ; m m __ CJ CJ CJ cj CJ CJ ~~1 cd 2S2*_£S m m m .3 H c oi EC re ,_o ■a 555 55P SSI t. r. ■* in r-f. O c. m O csinvocnr-mttsOoco m- " op ,_■ u &W. CJ » Jj <-11 m 3 g(3ffe£ O tt •-" A tt | % 2 8 i X O « 3 U tt cd *rj ij cd hn re Son w~0hH' rO vn ex. M T *i ' To th cn Pi*3 o SjS J< _J C. rH m S s o ^ g r. Hi 8 « S ^ft U V- u tt c3 u P. ££ _a. " . 00^ • cd s^^n < MfN cj ■ . oo r-J •&A S "C .0" in .J —-^ tN i 7 Oaa'!* rti *—' rii cn O _h; op h EJ " ^ >. _2cfl*o °°«§ 0 ± in on w p!j M ■ (N ' —I _! T O X! Br. ft •« i-i cj h* +h *c S o hj '3 O Ph S'r.«J s re B Sa £ cj *(3& __E £ re i ' a 0.O Hrl U 3 43 re -_ Oh Oh ^.4 g 3»o_ 'I2r.| H » »S tt o ex A S S a § U U 33 7* cd cd X3 3 P-hPh ChP 00 ON ^ _ cn cd 4 __ rH OJ 1 rH ND * CO H . . rH 2 H 3 < z o Lft o o CO W o o [/] cd 1C IB CC u £ r. PmH 0. Oh Oh -oott\\rnNonc.CNcn as ss s ss ssss _. *>* -. ONONj _ _ __ .C.H ZZz c? _- •S J3 •5 5 43 £ ,£ cn n_ X NO NO ^ O ^ ^ 5° °i55 °° 00205°.00gtr! ON ^ QONON ^i\\. r* r* ON "^ On Q \\. „ , °^ ON ^ ^05 Z . O ON ON 4 w _ CO •zz ft ft f~ c- w Sio 4 2 £~ . * " "h .(_;* . .HH P!j OS rj W r,' 00 r< -< g jj Cncr. ?. H, rH rH z H H ft ft HH NO 0 £ n1_ NO NO 4 ON W. of W. of W. of W. of CN H Z C. rH © NO rn CN CN rH P. no' 80, R 85, R 86, R 79, R & d. ft a HHhH NO ON .. -NO no m ^ r >" 531* °1 <* *? t> ^ ^ S * _u _; B S ... OO >n Ov ON ON Ov in ON Ov Ov in m Ov ON 00 ov in in Ov On ^ NO 'dr tN ^"vo" r-'K rO tt Ph 3 cs > 0 tt 3 Ph< Ov Ov OO >n «n >n oo \\o Os oo OO mm m m m 0\\ C\\ Ov Ov Ov oo m m m a. ov ooooeoooooo\\aooooooocott.»n-©ttvco mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm OvO\\OvOvOvOvOvO\\ONOvOvO\\OvOvttvOv 00 »i 3 3 cj .<&H XI hJ £ XJ X) uo O OJ CJ d,0 ZHiH. c^cn t-.t^c-cN.t-~r~c^cNt-.r~.cNr.No. CN CN CN CN j_00 J_X__cJj_b0_-4-CJ4Jj__.Mxi.J- • 5 «« .«» ._-«oo_5»5. (_,< Hi ft ft 0 Ph < U. h 0 ft 6h -h tt 3 55 C3 cj re 3 B cj _ 2 . ■* s s I m e. ^ re 3 c cj3 £&£, I V 3 cd o in tt 3 60 O T. 3 3 TJ c Cd tt _y -3 0 >s M 1 ri 3 1 3 cd ■i c_ cd a Cfl M u u TJ 3 n tt 1 -a o cd H-3 o o 0 1 UpqUZPQ TJ r_ rci CO 33 3 3 3 3 ■Jl r. O O q tt u C TJ tt cn r. Rt cd OtNf-CNt— inr-OvtN nm . >.■* voonnooovo tN oc Tt m vo 'HTHC.CN^Ttf.DC in cn © 0. oc xr- 00 vo r- -d- r- cn © > TT 00 tN Tf 00 © rH OV NO ov m m _-- 00 i m cn m cn CN cr Ov 00 00 -H r- © Tt NMHc. a\\ m 0 Tt Tt t- f. C4 CN NO ooov-rfocON-q-fNinc cncnoonoon cNcnt-Hmr- m t— m © tN th cn -— m r- m no mcSNOoo ocr-t-HfN oc © m m Os t5 O O Tt cn 00 vo cn t-i oc On oc 0 Tt r- 00 ©" c-' r-* tt t-H tN r~ in cn tN t-" 00 Tt Tt t-h NO r- r- On Tt cn f. OO t-H in iNf.-hOf.a>iH(. th © in Tt .- P- h 00 tN m -dr * m Tt vo Tf © NO TJ © H^f.HCCW.tX mcNcNtn co >o in Tt d-oiNr- Os r- >h cn Os © m t- tN 00 u t— Ov 00 00 "M 00 cn © cn r~ r- m w cn Tr oc OO vc OO T-H Tt CN tH On -d-" "n On MVDM'dT-inc.'d' av^Tj-Tt mtd-NOcNoc cn no vo cn m -H T-H T-H T- (N © vo Os rrcNcn'-H I>vo-d-HH t— cn Ov tn o CO S, °- °^ "T. v. co -h m © 0C 1-1 H t-h (N r 3 < ©" NO Os' so" ** r- © cn —" tN no" no Tt" . cn ■_- m Ov t- cn tN tn CJ t-^'H .2 in _ ©ooincnt—ovvcNcr -> "H rn cn vo r- vo cn cn t-n 00 T— a "tf •2 mcncn©-_"Nomm'- ! 00 m 00 ir CN NO m iH © m xt Tt ov m P- (N © CN r- t> U 3 3 t-h r- ,- ov tN m Tt tN cn o no vo t— m as Ov vo m 0 t. «-H ov 00 in ©^ t- rt Tt s oc 00 0 00 cn" cn rf tn t-T oc m"*«n cn "_> © >-t t-H CN r- T-H so TT Tt CJ t-h c. tifid-HtOsw.oc-- : 00 cn r-- 0 CN Tt 00 © © NO NO © © 00 © m vo no >> cd H H 00 t IT, W -d- CN NO ir r. Tt cn rn cn "_. cn cn © vo r-t- t—. © OC 0 tN no th cn 2 00" r-^t— no t CN rt © cn cn Tt" VD Tf t-H tN tN Ov r-; t-n Tt cn t-h s in •2 Tfr m in On ! TJ- r. vo C" ) OOCNVOcn cn CN 00 CN t- 00 Tf © cn Ov •fc* t- cn cn TfCNONTt VOvOt-ifN in tn th tN cn 2 Nh ft < in r-f. vo">-h 00 tN cn t-i oc cn O rn" vo" O" *t O © vo cn 00 th vo dvoW Tr Tt cn th c_ O tN O VO T-HVOCNf-fncnmt-HOt -tMC.^t. VO Ov vo cn cn © ov m c. i> m t-H tN 00 on 0 tt c. >o vo mvoovoc Os no m Tt Tt %i IH cd r. tt^ ON vo^ 0C Tj ih -Of TT^ m no r~ r- 00 fe S vo m vo" 00 «*T*> vt-t r- 00 m oc -t H(SNt r- m © HN cn cn th vo '. cNcNcnr-TtinNoint- (.d-H^r cn cn t~~ © cn cc 00 vo m tn °i. t-.t-HcncNr-Ovt-ioc Tt tn os t- m vo vo ov vo r- r- Tt 00 ,C cn vo m m m et* th r- ©^ CN cn NOr © CN -S_ tt fN th Tt 00 oC c cn 00" r-' m* OS © Tf Ph fN t-H rj- r- NC Tt 00 Tt tn T-H t-H s «H cs in Eh cnONt-"ON--Ht— r- in r- iNr-OO- h © m -H 00 r- cn Tt rn r- t-.r-.cntNr~-vooctN T cn Tf cn m no -d- tt Q c X p. C 0 Li. E 0 0 C ri u c TJ £ rX 0 > < e 0 0 CO a re O « C TJ c H > < q c ri K ___: § 3 3 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 215 On J Tt- «n On s •2 a "_» o 8 2 s I "_: It -r_. E-. -H CJ g re oj -h cj re >. oo B~ re _S S SJbS. B:B . 3Q > t-; Tt -h rj CN tn r-. tN m © Tt cn cn m Tt m m t-h o oo r- Tt tN m m tn Tt Tt tt SO NO © Ov Oi cn Ov © Ov m on p* Tt vo r- tN cn©oovocn©vCTtoor;cn NdtN©TtvOT—int--icvIcnvo vovo^^'T-HTfr-Ttmcnovr^ Hvf m tN vo t^ cn tn cn CN ' Tt" -h" ON CN CN - X ri tI-p- O I. cn m ov cn t— »h oocnavooocfNTttHmcNOv oomcNcntHrnmNOoccnvo ©oC^r-^OtNcNcTtnaCNo nocn -nOvONvocnr-in© CN TT .-•'vo cn cn r- *_- ^o cntHr~-vo©cNoor^ocoooc oomovTtovTtmovoo©in ccvocNooooiONtH cn Tt r-oc o" oo" w r—" as Tt tN oo cn" oo © novo oooor-r-cntHcNcn TH T-H^-CNtNNOTttHCO 00 NO Os VO NO r- rH r-~ ! vO O Tt NO Tt OV cn O | NO VO "n cn Tt NO s Tt 8 CN Tj" O CN Os ! Tj" cn Tt Tt 216 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 On >n On O "a s a •3 -_> re e •_ •2 ■ Cn OJ o g » '3 1! § £2 3 >n Irr* ! u . oo -i © 1 »H TJOO Sift •d-r-ooo i © 03N © Ov NO CN CN H^ ' cn *H m Ov Ov Os t-n vo © tN O CN 00 qOv m tH Tt 00 t- © OV Tt © Tf '""' 00 Tt r- © tN ! tH 00 00 00 ON CN CN Ov VO ON cn Q tn m 00 Tt cn : cn r> ON 00 © VO 00 Ov t © i CO 2 NO r- ■_• cn : CN OV oo m ! © m cj O ._ \\Q o © t- ! cn -d- © Tt TH vo Ov SO oo ! ' H 1 u m vo © ! . CN m < ! NO ' ' Tt m >1 ! Tt 00 © © ! © m oo t- ■—„ ! NO 11 m ' vo tt 3 ■ ■ cn 00 ON cn Tt r- r-- r- © N : j M r- fN 5 00 Tt a ■ , , __. i , . ! en NO © < CO | 1 1 ' cn ' Tt Tt 00 © re a Ov Tt NO CN 00 O \\o » ' m ' I- r- © © r- m 1 Os tt Tt © VO NO cn tH VD CN : i Tt : in Ov ! Ov H) ! o ■ ■ so • '"~l ;o 1 tt >. ! & J. jbd a 41 idm 3 tt 3 3 aa TJ l—' cfl • PQ cd -a PQ D h o : 3 i-i cd >, g cd 0 ___: -2 u ' Ph tj cj i C c ca ! tt > cd r cd £8 3 M3 fe* 8 _* r Creta thing _ sic Cha o-Penn sic Hal r Creta thing . sic Hal ►H tt — Ih oO *ffl Ih thing _ ssippi sic Bo r Cn ek _____ .2 s ii "3 _j 4s -3 tt tt tn (22 3 3 .ueberry. oundary uick Cree ort St. Jo w fled ci CO i_ H O O pa aa PQ pc PQ Mh A 0 oo >o On *-H 6a 6 0 Oh T3 e 9 i*> Tri ., ^ •—• r^ tt -C; H a. -__. 0 3 o tt 3 {_ ■Q 3 s ri Oh a "a 3 o < >n -Ci . o NO r- vc no © © on r- oo i cn o2 m H ON Tt 1—1 m oo © oo cs th r- m o h Ov 3£ Ottv H~ no cn r- T> as t- oo vo cn Tt © ON NO CN tH CN cn 1-1 m ! tN © tt a : f-v 00 m NO j en 1 TH O ! 3= Tt © vo : o t- O CN t- .:£ _") ^ u ^ rt 3T3 oUqv'CS'Ct 2HJ u hPhHH "tt "_ > 2* 3 M c_ *cd Ph H w o H.B C tt ■—) * 3 * 3 o a ft ugh 9 _. W 00 Ih w ^3 tt O _3 ^3 pq ^ pp U. ^ U PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 217 u > ed cd 3 0 EH 3 U 582 149,036 494,356 1,006,715 1,872,824 ri CN Tt © ON Ov 00 in cn m © m tJ- cn cn t-n 00 m cn vo Tt Tt t- vo th cn m 00 cj tt Q ! rn tN O 00 : cn Tt 00 cn : tn 10 tn »m ! CN tn 00 cn ' cn cn no ov > 0 i cn Ov Tt m ; m th I- © 00 Tj^cn 00 CO CO tH CN CN CN Tt Ov O 1 Tf Ov ON NO : Tt m Tt vo ! Tt Ov vo vo i Tt" TH ON" t-H cn cn m r- On "? x. OVOV.O no m so Tt -h m ov^ vo Tt t-^Tt cn cn 00 Vh cd tt m 0 l_~ Oi oc a- 9 10 218 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 On On o r. -Cl s •2 s -_: o ft. 5 S s t-H _1 —Tt ^ p tN A«f ft* t-n 00 oc VO ^© © Tt ri cn »n --.m o oc © © no m M __ p- p- in cn t—ivor-i/.'. ^ : © (M Ov -h c. O © TtmcnoocnovcncNp-cNNOoocN cn oo "3 °° © VOhVO r~-_ ON_ ©^ in «H „-, m oo cn cn CN NOmp-OOTtOOvOvTtOvOvt-ivo Tt I> S m P; f-" cn" ^ co" P-" m* in* in •*** !«"-* vo" in on *" -_;■ th" W m" P-" °* CN Ov" ©" ~ Tt Tt" vo' CN cn cn" qOv rT r-vocnmooTtTtt-HCT, : r- t- t-h oo r- oc r. vOTtoocT-.r-vomtN<-Hvoovp~ m Tt H"-1 tN "-"H tH HM ! Tt ^—' © 00 ^-, © p^mcNOviTtT-HfNi--_m thiot-h i-h m CN I P- CN en" KCiNriv"' h cnoC /—v «— tNov^^ovr-TtmtN^^ov co ov , © TT i-vt.O\\ ON j-i _■ O rs mooovfNOv©P-T-.iocNfNTtOO fN OC .tf h. ©mo\\cnmo.ov OvOOr-T-HTtOvVOr-rC-^ P- VO 1 NO © ^H Ov vo vtmM^tjHTHMQsKVOf.OPV.U.anH *3 Ov ON 0> Pi NO ; © r- cn vo O^ 00^-iTt'-Hrr.p--Ocn©TtNDP^©0vNOOvo0v 2-n h rn NOr-°,'-ir-tHTtoN3_>fNr.No :po" ^ no"©" on ""J. t-T vo" t"; m" Tt cn oT ©" Tt" vo" on cn" "—" cn" Tt cn" Ottv vor~-mtt.T—< cn oc in on m fN -H i Tf fN O mfNTtNDavcNmootn©OvcocNt-ioo»ntNoo H" VnTtN-yCntNtHtHTtcOTH cn ! ^I00 »H ©_ TtooP-cifNcnooop-T-HovtHint-HcoNOu-jpH -h" TfH CN | H W CN m ^ p^ t-h" ^ cn" p^ cn" tn" .-^ y-sTHO^-N ;Nomoo^H»H- CO CO ! NO CO -—. *n Tt-—vTtOO^-vOv©CN©vOt—oovO©OvcntN© r- Tt- in in p- ! !©vom©cNr-oc ! on m © © OOcNONP~©fNcNTtCNTtVOt-HOCNTttHr--OC m vo Tt CN Tt ! iTft-cncNNO CN -H : m p- ov Cl HNHVOWH^rnH r- p-Ttvo^ONvovop-cn V t- tN ©"m'n I o-J©_, CN no" ! m" r~" £, On tN "_, oo d - Os t—. co rn" cn" oo* cn" cn Tt no © p-" no" a M.H ! tH Tt 00 vc fN oo | cn on NO OvooTt©cncnvoTtcN oovdHHtvlr-ttr. tH W NO NC *^ tjHVOH^ cn VO tH Tt rn ©---—- icNm©/—.r- i cn ; in 00 /- Tt^-.©Tt^vomaNVooNp-mTtr-vootNoo Or-tf ! ol vo m cn vo ; tn m cn in TtvooocnOvcncNvomcNp-mvooNONOvr.cn cn Tt a\\ Tt oc vo^ Ov vq^ Ov in p-^ no tT^ m^ ©_ vo Ov m > o CO rH T-H j tN Tt Tt OV V i Tt_ ! t— r- »n nVC. ! cn cn cn 10v ! m" i ©" cn" £ Id Tt ^ d Tt" ^ m m" cn" cn oC ov vo" oo H m cn" no" d oooocn©tHTtp-c>ot>cNmcNTtt-HCN'--p-Tt Z no tn h cN oo vo ! © i (N CO : no m r] : © ttHyjHf. envo t- t-h ■ i w ! H v-' ^^ Tf no »—* ; © P- oo y^ov ; *h OO VO .HVO tH ©.HTt-H.-^cninooTtcncnvop-©NCNC cn Ov m ;trc>vOHC ! oo ! OO O © Tt TH TtOOCNtNNOfNT-HOOm©TtfNTtmVOCN •OOP- ! cn cn cn ov c* ! OV t-h vo vo vo mTtmp-Ttt-H^HCNtNcnt~ loCn © cn" cn" cn ^ vo Tt **! Ov" Tt no" t-I m" © m* cn" d oo" rn* o in cn Hc.Hr- 1 00 . cn On th p- tNoop-C4©Ttp-tNfnCNP->— Ttt-HcntN rH Tt ! © mt-HioT-Hcn envo t-. th ! j '•-' 1 H" •~-S S^- , , P- vo /^ ; Ov hh Os .-. m , Tt t-n ^,fs cn tH,^fNCN-^VOvOfNCNOvcn00VOVOP-Ov vo h-h ; : cn Tt ov _t Ov ; © m Tt Tt- cn rHf.HOOr""0.-.-H^r)r> oo Tt oo ! i Tt Tt m ov cn \\\\0 On oo © © m^Tta.vo°op-TtNO©©oocninTtvo c. CO oo m °\\ i i Tt Tt tN °°„ Tt CN ^^ 1 ! tn CN Ov Tt i oo © p Tt d p"^dtN^cn"ov"cN"oomvocNOv"dovin CN : rn ov ~ — no vOooTtOvmtHmvoov vocNTtt-.cncN fi j | Tt Ov cnTHincn «-" v. t-n t— *"* __- v--- cn O . i cn ov Tt /—s OC OV tH /-s I *H fN^*.vooo/— oooom© cn o ov cn p- m co cn j ! i th ov cn cn ON cn © c*- ! CN cnvo©P-mfNvot-.r~- 00 M Ov co m Tt oil 3 no oo i : : m © cn on ys CN 00 O i ^ ©CNP-THTtCN—"THm Ov m © oo cn oo tn" oo" i 1 vo" Tt" -h" °° i> !-•<. £ i in" ov'^cn-mn m"r~"-" Ov cn cn h p- © < Tt h t- c. r- in cn ov : m ovcncnoON so as m p- vo Tt t-h m cn h ; cn oo m h vo t-h tn th vo ! ! ; w w w m © : ; i oo cn r- ,-v ! X> ! oo r- *-v 11- Tt /-.Ov VO «■> co cn oo VO CO OC m m vo t— 00 ! ! t~- Tt Tt Tt : Tt ! r-t r- cn ! © fN 00 NO H Tt cn m co p- 00 t-h i— o 00 >t **lii i i i "i**_.*n.m 1 © I tH t- vo ' CN cn th \\o © cn on. © cn MO hhVO^i. 3 tn cn" i i a. in v"T *"_, i on iiciov ?_, : cn 00 H. Tf H ^ p dai' no* p" m t-" p-* ov" Tt cn ! tn fN CN ! 00 I © Ov ; P- rH tt cn 00 CN vo m Tt OO P- Tt rn ON M tH ! { 1 Tt 1 00 Tt -H V) tH __> v_-- 1 NCOv (Nd-d1 rnh n ; m : t-i so s~s cn CO^n©VO ruHlfl PIN oo p- cn cn oo 0\\ . voTt cncnTHr-0\\m VO : •* NDHTfOOtf.P\\0 © Ov © CO M vo tt t- vo^ i Q\\ Ov^ M 00 V) Tt « P- OO Ov ! CN cnrnp-t-Hr-cop-o^ov © p- Tt co m cn ^ 3 3 i-_ cn m ; cN cn t-h Tt oC "^ P-" oc" vo" 2°, ! en Ov" °S. m* m" **l ©" m" co* m" m cn vo Ov oo m -M Tt cn i cn th tn m tN CN Ov CO ! NO p-TtcnOvvotHvocNNO CO ON Tt a C^l tH Tf 00 m th m ^^ so o "^ OOMvOPM eo NOTt it-omtHtn^s , Ov ! Op © /\\ 1 00 ON /-s Ov 00 p- oo cn oo cn s cor- i ov M Tt cn o. ov ! CN © vo fs ', P- ov -t cn th Ov©TtVo©tNP-CNT-.00Vo >. ^2. ""1 i*".^^0!1*1" i cn CN CO OC : no Tt t-r Tt cn p m q Mncn » no in U; H b cd © p" : oo Tt o' in d "T, ! m" © Tt !C o* P^.tNP cnmcnincn'p- mdovenoo" *t T INOTf-HTHmTt 1 CN m oc : m Ov rn cn O cnmcNm ©c.m -nm .u cn rH NO tH rH VO tH fN TH TH W 1 *-T w ■ — cn m CN m CN © Os y-s m (rH O /-t 1 tH t-H ^-.ON © cn P» Ov ON M vo ON CO M On a NO tH m oo oo x> cn no vo i r- cn tn ! P- VO © t— OV Tt © © P- Ov On t— P- M th co tn 00 © CN CN NO (— t-^ \\*n t- ov JTt none Tt P^Tt CN H Tt^ VO H Tt P- 3 a cn r^ ov" Tt Tt" r-" oC ^. t^" im"H 2 - i Ov" oo" "*_.od ov" © P"" P~" Tt p^ vo" p- p" oo in 2 t> ! ©^ t-H ©_ ©^ TH Tf ! P- : p- ! ON OvtH-Hr~ovcncncncx3TtTt _r» © t-h I cn Tt Tt oC oC *~1. oo cn i C _ jvo" os °t m* ov" vovooocooo'enmen TttNTt h Tf© :C-CnCNtHTtNO r- ! © ! r- : no Tt © P- CN cnp-tNTt inm-d- ©m tH ■ fN ON Tt TH VO tH tH VO CN tH tH i W '—' ,—., ©Tt iTHCOCNOvirt^v o ! VO P- y-s ; Tt VO /-^Tt 00 vOMMr.-iOOPHf.ln oo in so ;ovt-Hr-mmoo P- ! Tt VO (v. ! Tt m -t © oo ©r- mint-Ht—OTtrnrnvo 3 cd NO CO t-n j rn © \\o^ vo^ — (N « : ov © a" ! OS ^ 11 In o - cd ."tt co cn cc "tt HI CA BB *j3 c c 'c tt tt tt « a) C W 1 >. 3 Cretaceou c Baldonn rippian Ru c Baldonn c Halfway iippian Ru Cretaceou c Baldonn c Boundar 3 3 = 3 > 3 t. , 3 3 §° G " >, cc n 3 r- >-, <_ __ __ __ >. 3 O S 3 >> cd O O o C 0 O O H»C._.OC!..C__l.OCC_ C cd «E tt h cd P. s :j tt i. b _t « ft H o TJ v «S>i>.(. O. >OOOf ^°.h°-* cd cd cc 3 tt i H N 1- Bald Half retac retac §2*3 S tt « M c hPQ _> _3r/i H -J Vi '_ "Sn ^ v. §1 a_ U 0 Lowe Trias Missi Trias Trias Missi Lowe Trias Trias; tt tt a. uin u u u rias rias rias Ljrm erm owe rias rias erm rias rias rias rias owe rias lissi rias rias cd | p C O "" * * s o o c .3 .2 * * B fill fl o S cd O *C HH h-lrJr. HhrW -JHh HhHPHKJHhQHhHHHahr.Hh 2 0 cn tt V _> cd M M " oc*^: _' P- cnTtvOtH ccp-oop-tH cn cn m VO Mfic. v_- tNM cnM VO tH c H r^ m* «s Tt VO NO tfNvocoOrs en ! in in *-**S~s 00 ^-s NO M © © oo vo Tt P* Tt m NO M © CO VD m cN h h vq cs p^ en © p-^m cn" Tt" m" t> no" ^ M* Tt 00 oo cn oo" °°„ Ov •h p» M cn P- oo cn m cn M w M © ir, OC Tt © oo vo •—• 00 M h rn rn Ov o?S m" o> VO ^^ VO vo Or.tt vo 'H M I ;vom ^s —v Tt m m m © © Tt vo "d" oo m ov © m ; M cn Ov ] cn en 00 oo rn p" cn" m *"t oo i P*CN oo U ! © m no vo cn tn vo ! Tt cn m hoiv ! Tt w tff a i oo cn vo M m -—. oo i cn -h ed ( (oil lion p- cn co m vo m no ! O P- p- oo m Tt o Tt cn Tt ; Tt Tt Tt Ov ov Tt cn p- oo -. m i © cn u ~ tt OO VO P- © Tt TH p- i Tt m 3 1? 3 •H Hf.^ Tf •o fi -a pro fla pro m t—i 00 Tt M M ; ; Tt Ov m Tf tH m Tt NO | rH P- Tt m Tf tH t-H C? : cn m la, id 0D w 00 P-" P-" P-* NO O* m ! Ov*© p- m p- cn oo r- ! Tt m rH 3 ,i TH tH M Tt tf _0 cd natu solut natu QOMOOVOTf ; Tt ,OvO oo co r- ov rn : m : cn th O ov^cn m M ! o> ! w^vq m* m" oo" m" Tt i th" cn m tf cd cd p- m vo Tt -d- : vo 1 Tt T-H th —. cn : i cn Poo l**b* H mvoMOvTt ; © ; TT m M M m Ov NO M ! cn cn tN r- M M cn 00 i P;Tt cn Tt oo m co m 1 P- cn* VO th vo so Os m ! TJ" tH -H T-H fN i ""*■ Tt H M P- tN VO i Ov ON p- 00 00 Tt T-H cn : m oo oo p- vo Tt m (N : oo m tN oo co m m © : m m t-h cn t> p- cn P- : m ov tH — m cn ttpco m . P- I p- Tt m oc m M : cn : i vo NO Tt © © Tt PJ : i vo rn" os oo rn" m m" fS Tt Ov vo 00 p- ! ! O tH tH H ! I"■* Ov Tt M cn Ov cn ; p- t-h cn P- ov ■_- vo I ! ! ON t-H cn m p- m cn 1 ! ! cn © CN cn ov cn vo I 1 vo Tt Tt p- m vo p- i ', i m tH TH M 1 ! ! Tt m tn p- -h o ; : oo m M NO P- cn M j i © © cn M cn p- h C-; i m th p- oo Tt i I cn" oo" ! Tt m © vo m ; : r- cn tH tH rH m i ! Tt 1 M M OV m rH .-. I NO tH ^-, p- m p- © o © 1 "* ! P) © m Tt M no oo 1 00 Tt ! © oo" m" ov" H rn P\\ i VO m" ! cn OS TT O P- TH ! P- NO t-H TH Tt j Tt Ttinp-©in.-. ! m ;h tHoovommvo jth ;p- t3Nin©mTttH Im {in p" p" oo* tf p.' °, i Tt" ; m" ov o m tH m : vo ! m rH TH Tt V—■ j Tt o ■ m m oo -—. , m m h i oo vo oo rn ; cn i Tt oo h ov vo cn —" ! Tt" as ©* ^ in" ov" co : os m cn m 1 VO © th m w in 1 -3 J V t a O 1 >. M i o T3 cd a. 4. tt 3 c c ^ e 3 "is "3 S M : cd : s 5 E SM> 3 « ; j : t ~ >> Cl aceo arlie Ifwa an R Ifwa aceo tt cd cd __ C tf -3 Cl Charli Halfw Halfw ennsyl 3_ >> t_ -3 w — . - tf a 80s §;B2 tf ^ (J r> --. (, Vj ffi tt cj tt H *- tt 3 "H '3_ "cn cn '3_ h "«_ *SS '3_ 6 I- ON»i'JieUMi_N.i_Cl >^ffl_lSc_jc...Cj £ o'C'Cfi'i. o ■" 'G "C '". tt c 00 v\\ 3 fd "H "h H T3 sen ek.. 3 rn d v, fff p-T m" in m" "l m" "* vo" m" oC *1 ^ rn" tN cn" P^ °\\ CN Ov" © tH no" m" cn" cn* on p^" p-" Tf °°, Tt Tt OOv MP"vocn>nooTtTttHo\\r-tHtHoop^ oo M voTt©oo--Hp-voinMrHvoo.p-inTtpT m Tt vo rn H~ w M^rH rH tH --H Tt w ©00 W £*.!> m" ©^ p^cnMON^ttHMp-in th \\o rn rn m \\q P^C-tNci^^t-TcNoC th" M cn cn w -HOO Tf THOOC.CO/.H m p» o cn p- Tt m Tt Cn /-S Tf Tf/-^co© , vo^^oomp . vopo \\chv+^ cn m © On cn cn i m 5^^^ M©P-MP~NOOOMOtH mrHNOP- Tt © oo vo Tt © h C^ON m tH Tf VO 0\\ OVP~mONtHTtP- OO^ON^tH P- P- M P- cu n-**© p^ p" oC oo" cn" *~i. t-h i m"vo" C, *rT p'^mV" ©m"p^Ttm©Ov*o pTm tH*N0"tH-^ Q M M m cn m Tt rn m th rn J VO M TH M © vo ovcnovtHMmmvo©© rH m Tt M M M InrlQOH T— NO tH M M TH h th m /—.© vo i Tt p- oo m cn j—-oo 00 VO /-. © © /—^cn © © cn oo tH©o.©T-Hm ,t—i no © oomvo jtHoooooomvovo © M © t- vo en'en Tt cn on m Ov oo © M © p- tn cn cn > mcnvo ;rHTtp-_©_ooMvo OP Tt av p- oo © m in p^ Tt p- On tH m ON rH P- Tt Tt 2, cn" h I © © oo" vo" as °\\ Tt" oo* m « Tt" °\\ Tt" 00* o m" ov"o"oC On ON On Tt cn th ON*r-TrH" £ m on iP-cnmMmr^M P- Tt ^^ CO M cn © vo m m cn cn M m P- Tt m © *n M i tH m m rn oo tn tH so M M th tH rH m ! Wt-T ^^ m o^ ! Tt m : *n m h m /—.in Cn rH ^. t- M f-*-0 © C.VOOP i CO ON NO 1 OO Ov t-h " Ov oo ! t oo Tt M © cn p- p- © VO P~Tt©00 jp-TfTtM 1 cn m oo r- th NO © P- m vo : os M cn M oo m VO 00 © l> p^m © oo ; cn m oo © : P* P- © On oo W in Tt m"-H*M*rlp-" 0o"rH- » Tt ^ If)* Co" ICOCNVONO* O Tt On ! m M3 : m cn oo no m vo" oTin M tH J Tt cn oo o P- ON on m Tt m a Os m l t-h un t-h on m rn m m M Ov "^ M Tt rH 00 rH } Hrip !(. tH M - ; ' ,—. _ ^~, MM .-h ON Tt /-.HO 00 , 00 P- Cn tH i 1 CO 1 Ov Tt rH M p- © m 00 mp-©co imoooov cn °0 t> Ov M P- t-H ("^ © t-Ho©© imoocooo 1 1 r^ i © >n 3, U °°oCw tN 00 IS cn" oo" °°- Tt ih i vo" cn* M* On* CO no" Ov ih cn cn ov ^^ p- hhc.00 ; h o w c. Ov Tt M Tt M VO th On th j rn tn p- | ►. ■_■ 'w' i /—. : /-. m Tt -*-v , m TH^-^mT-H 1 CO *> rH t-H 00 &_* P~ ! tH © cn tn T* OvOCNM i Tt 00 © 00 1 NO -^ 3 Ov m M m 00^ voovom |vo©©cn 1 l> o cn ^, M"cn" « m" vo""_,vo"h ! m"Tt" vo" P-" \\ CN o > cn © ON cn os O^ tt ov h itHcnMm P- 1 a 3 r-j i j | p- Os cn m"m" C CO o\\ Tt NO O* H P~" VO i Tt M" NO rH* P-MOvM IthovthO Ov* | CJ NO t-h on M ! M 00 _ i V— *~' i 1 — ^_ ^-\\ /-% mm .**. 1 vo i> /-sooTt/—.mmoven Tt 1 , , 1 cn cn en tr~ en oomMTtcnp-TtmrH NO ! K _ U © vo P- O0 Tf Tt p^oomMoomONOOTt P-^ 3 3 l '"l 00 Men* « Tt cn"^invorimcn"ov"cn' as ^ . >H» cn rH ON cn oooMMcntHOvmoo M CS VOhOc.^ m p- "Cj . 00 a g i s_/ --svo r\\t* vo © /-v 3 oOj—.©Mj^tHTtcn© Os vo P- Ov Tt © oo o cnrHmp-ONVOp-Ttcn t~- s. vo Tt © ov m m vo M no on oo p- on so oo cn M CN •~ a 1 °* >n r\\P-" P^ oo 2 ©" » ti p* p* ^t» N h m" 00 M Os en p- Tt P-tHp-VOmt-|tHONTt tH p- M M VOthOMn^ tHMOO •ii I ' w ^-"rJ 1 i /-nOO ! rn os en ^-v ! Ov co -—non rn ;r-m©m 1 1 1 Tt , ] 2 § © cn | oo cn vo rn o enp-moo icomonM ! i m a p- vo J ©,, m^ m^ ov ! Tt "p* i d-'cnp" w 1 o mMO\\p- icomoON NOTl"-in'vo" i©cnmin' On" | < Tt OV TH © IP m©ooTt iMcnONtH © 60 v—*t- : m rn : m VO tn o M ] tH M 00 1—1 1 /^h ; in oo oo ^^ w. oo^-sovNC'-NcnTt©cn ; cn ,-^ m cn ! vo © -h p- cn mvOf.iNP'tPOt. P-Ttp~p-.mM©Moo cn cn —. Ih Tt tn | m M 00 Tt Tt m M g cd ■J-f Kft-. ■= vo" m" * cn" i £ 'on" oo" °l oo Ov" PI ON tn" © CN '; Tt 00 1 Cr in rH tH p» © ! | Tt H | M ftOOHTT HrlOO \\o ^h cn rn cn oo M < in. I j ^_s 1 y^. ,-_< ! tH ss i cn P-.-.VOTH iTHp-p-VO ; ! j ; , m 1 i ! -—*• cn oo cn s VO M cn tf oom imoo©oo 1 P- «j ri VO p- Tt : NO 00 Ov vo p- tn lOvTtcqoo^ cn p~ irr. vq_ "Icn i ,_H cn oo oCrio*o'' IcNcnvooo vo cn r^ i cn p-. oo ; © ON Mov©m IMMcnP- m a rn m I M oo --^cn Tt I th M ON | j M j j tn *—' 1 rn ! i j J J £ •a 3 | ! 6i M MM! c ! 3 tt tt u cd t tf « C K tt i '™ 1 « ! 3 : tf : 4. tt ■- a, « tt tt (-. H uu ii -i«i tt tt 3 '3 1 c X e 0 M S3 2 3 3 •3 O SN o - tf < < tt c E £ o tf 3 rJ ■H cd a _ tt ! tt O Z^ "3 3 1 ig Z J H ffl tt 3 cn ni >i cn cn "n ■ Uffl CO "qj *H3 cd cd tf y 3 cn _l 0 1 d V '• *tt tt *3 ■a s 3 c ■_ •^ '• 3. rt i Th .1 ! 3 >13e3e>.33[HTHp3t-.>-l33 b a 3 m >» tf « 3 e >. « C E_ C_ >n C 3 E a — >> b >. sic Halfwa r Cretaceo sic Baldon ssippian R sic Baldon sic Halfwa ssippian R t Cretaceo sic Baldon sic Bounda r Cretaceo r Cretaceo sic Baldon: sic Halfwa r Cretaceo r Cretaceo ° B S 8 o •3 S>,>._.o& >.oo oS o_* g u c. m ca Is ^J « H PQ tf « _Jvh cn cn y "O *H cn*n*a'OtHi-a h^-q S';--, 3«h W*3S 3 ^-^rJ P •__•*__•___ ^3 *^ tf>-3 tf-- ^—h e-h i_2 33a_ rt_2s » « cd=2 tf-=|'5'tfT3™™« uffi tt tt r-«ffi ttCQm«fficQ &Cfl3uK S-K 0 o SIC sic sic o-P rC sic _ie o-P sic sic sic sic sic ssi] nia sic sic sic ssi i sic Ih "S wttw-£W_--_-;Httcncncjttw-/_tttt& . tt in rias rias rias owe rias rias erm rias rias rias rias rias lissi evo rias rias rias [issj rias tf£_tf$cdtf$i£tf_tf^[StftfS£c "h O "h L__ "h 'h 1__ O 'h -C O O "C "C O O "~ i* 2 o C Hr.H^HHr.r.Hf.hJhlHHrlr. *1HH HH Ph Cm >^HH CuHHHHH 2.QHHHZH | j tt P. s-. OJ E V & E 1 1 j berry East berry West idary Lake k Creek W son Creek. St. Tnhn 3 rW o g •*-> < cc K _• i ^ 1 atinaw We: 5s-Townsen gan Creek. *fl tt U tt 3 U &H. tfn h h3.3 _t /-v oo m Os p» m Ov 00 3C O cn oo en M M 00 p- 00 •* P- -H Tt P- P- COP0OPH en en m M tN cn tN VO TH 6 h m «_?S Tt VO w NO On Tf y-. i oo m cn | © © p^ no" p- "tf cd *** 00 & NO Tt © m 4po 3 O Ov O P- P- -o o m n_. oo tn cn p- m Tf 3-0 ■s e tt 3 T3 0 tf h n: P. O Ih D. qn p- © cn cn © P- P- M M ** w m co p* cn in 2 s tf 00 co no" >n Ov* m 00 w cm p- M P- rH 3 Tt tf o "tf 3 3 2 "o 3 cn Ov m Tt oo Ov © 00 On rH in in M^ vq^ co 3 cn 3 on" no* cn" m" © "tf 73 w M © cn M tH Tt o O a HH H th no th oo m Tf P- P- NO rH oo m Ov Tt cn p- Tt th cn Ov cn h cn Ov th en r- cn m m m cn Tt oo m Tt NO ON P- tH NO m p- vo rn © H H Tf m rH Tf oo m tn on p- Ov no cn M cn p- p- cn co vo p- on on no cn cn cn cn m rH Tf Tt Tt ov M cn cn © © oo © tH NO VO NO M ON tn Ov M vo Tt Tt -t m rH Tf vo Tf p- cn oo M co O © cn oo m tn . M tt 3 tt 3 pq M cd tf 3 > 3 _3 O tt tf tf j£ u -3 s a% H hh n On i-. _T ~g s <5 s i I* t 1 _. 3 3 2 . ... 2 a t-H. OO .a. a Eh cnTtr^©P-MmONcnp-t-H _ oocnONOOooMTfT— cnMON oomMcnT-Hcncnvococnvo 3 M 0 o" a w p" o' r. d ©mov'vo VOM tHOvOvNDcnp-m© M Tf w vo cn cni_ p- Tf vq_ OO w CN *■** —* th" P- Tf W ,— ..—..— ..-..—. cntHp-voOMccp-oooooo oomoNTtoNTtmONCo©m OOVOMOOOOOVT-HMTtP-OO ©oc p-tHTfMoocnoo© o vovo oocoppf.Hr.r_ H —, rH^-MMVOTf-HOO 00 cn On VO NO r- Tt vO©ONmMtHtHOv P- NO MrH©TfMMNOtH ONONcnvOTtMOCM vO cn cn © MvOP~Tfinp-ooNO Q fH M cn »h O M ©> cn M On w cn w vO W .H N_/ m vo p» M cn P-cnr-Ttmr-cop- © cn Tft-HT-HTtOO©OOP- > m oo McnP-MMONOvM 0 M © ©ONOOmP-CNOsM t-h M M t-h un cn m cn m © ^r.vtj^rN|r m" VO* vo"w ^H_ V*. *-S /-H, P- tH mM© — p-Ttm© © NO ooovvoooTtcntHM Tf 00 ONM©ONTt©00M u on cn vocoTtoomMP-M O HHVDfNllfl Ttp-ON wm wm woo w m m ,— . y—. .-. .—, m vo p-mTfmovooMM © 00 cnoooNcnoooNmvo a m t- p-ocp-p-oocncnp- tt 00*© Mc>t-HcnvoTtoom CO ** hn-t.. N+nxc WTf WOO HH Tf* TfW f-\\ /-% /—* y-S © cn mp-p-oop~ONMP- Mp-Nomp-mTtm oo m no ©Mvovot-vomcn , cn m ciO^.-vOr.O\\ a m On p-mcnM©M©ov Hi n—• cn M t—. cn p- no w cn w co w Tf Tf ^-v .—. .— . ,-H OO rH mooMONT-HONtHON tt a NO 00 OMMvoocp-T-im vo©ONMTfmONVo oo m 3 Tf vo OCM©ONVOOOTfTt Hi •-•rH — f-J M t-h VO ■^tj N-/OV ^ Tt Tf -—,.-. y—, © -h en Os m © m Tf M M On 00 M © On m © cn M O oo >. On © s ©" Tf © VO © Tf OO VO M vo m M Tt w tt wp- w m m f- m oo t-h tn oo m p- 00 vO m On Tf OC -h vo °i. cn p- vo On oo m a. m cn vo vo cn Tt no m . oo — vo — © cn '-TflN-zO^ m no •—. /-. ^H /—« >n ©mp-movoocnm m MTfTtMrHtHONCn © N^ t* rH cn 00 Tf H m r- © P^ m" t> en ©" Tf M* M th tn m On p- cn m m" vo" j—S j—s /—. -—. rH p- tH © m Tt © o Tt P* ON Tt © tH OO Tt NO TH ji or. o\\ in H . fH, p» ovMcnvooN©t—m 00 Ttp-MP-mTtTt© a" M ©wOvo©M0CM tf P-" tH © tH *o M On P- i-i M cn M vo cn oc ■_- s_-r- w^t w m no tH cd tt :* T* VC p- 00 Ov m m in m Ov CT o- o Ov Ov PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 223 . m . CT. -. rl- "3oo Q*n m pi © on © o^ © vq © vo qOs th Ov th On M H~ m cn oo no vo M cn rH cn On m Tf "3 0v m cn M M On 3«n On 00 © ON^VO OOs cInp'vdc. H"-1 h oo © On m m cn m © p- cn Tt oo tt M On cn cn Tf u 00 H M_^ t~i Tf Q VO On P-* ©" in Tf M M tH On ". > M 00 Tf m vo p- Tt p- cn © On o Z os m «p oo -. 00 H t*C> Tt Tt Tf rH rH sf .2 m -H m © M oc © m m Ov *r tt 00 © Tt p* 00 o O cn* cn p- oo" Tf s Tf m rH "<3 Tt no m Tt vo fi Tf © VO Tf © © cn t-H m oo i. « ©" M* p^" P-" en tT M t-H s a, cn vo vo M m 00 tn cn on th r- 3 °S, *"i ""J, t"t '"i a < t-H* M* NO* vo* Tf" CO cn M rH "S3 g — 00 M M M >! NO © M M P- © 00 t-H TH P- . 3 ov m m m cn V cn M h K 5S tt 3 3 m Tt Tt ov m a. p- M © M P- o m © v. Tt Tt ^ H» >h" oo m m" cn" -H Tt M tH _? oo © m NO no M Tt cn cn M cd c_> CN vq T-- cn a s m" cn" tt" no" Tt" "Tr Tf cn h 3 CQ oc Tf © cn Ov m — -h r-j <-n n. NO cn oo t— vo < © NO Cn P- Tf Tf m t-n .—. o <_ 7,590 8,669 5,755 8,742 4,847 0. 1 U tf cn cn h k. s oo oo no m t-h X> tt VO P- P- Tt 00 M cn vO © cN £ HH h m" On" ©" Tf Tf m T-H T-H _u r- M Tt cn p- a tf H» cn t-h o m M 1 CN CN cn P^ t-h oT oc p-"© m" K m cn t— t-h _. "_! K 0 1 1 On _j> 2 . E. J- J- c w 0 _ _ o 5 o 2 S-g£« ed &_ J3 •—- ^ _ c_ aj B _ ond£ atur utan ropa ilphi L z = B. XT. --1 On ►h sf •2 t_ s TS o s -_ a, *—■H s CO TS g <3 . ! Tf Tf f- Tf s : vo th m m Tt 00 Tt P- 00 a < M vO cn M P^ m"cN m" m tH Tf Tf GO s Tt Tf vo m cn m h © m m ON cn rH NO © p. On 00 tn m m tH TH 3 M NO ON ON © Tf cn .-—. w 2 t-H U •° 3 j_ .a w 0 X X Sh^JJIh atur utan ropa alph L 4 cr a- a 224 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 ov >n Ov <_) g a •H* "___* CO "nU O o _ n, tf . s« M, •H. , tt o is o a I e °a 0 3 ~ _- P5 ■ts u - .a H -S. 35! Ottv O vo VO t> cn m oo cn p~ 00 vo o NO oc cj u Q Ov VO p- p* ON^Tf 00 tH m Tt cn" On > o 2 VO P- M m oo o\\ m"p^ oo cn 00 p^ cn On O M cn P~ tH OO tH on"m* NO 00 On p» a tt © P- P- OO M^tH vo" m" P- p- Tt 00 00 a < m © m Tt Tf tH Ov"m" Tt m Ov m a H) © m NO Tt H © m"m" VO © M Tt NO tt § Hi oo cn CO M vqp^ P- Tt cn P* cd 2 OV Tf Tt m Tt rn vo" NO en o vO_ vo" NO _. a < Tt © Tt cn vo cn cn* cn Tt p- °\\ en cn cd Tt m © p- 0O M no"o VO tH Ov P- © P^ P~ -6 tt H. © Tf cn M t-n cn t-i cn m m Tt m Tt Tf" P- 3 cd i-. cn M oo m o^oo cn*NO NO tH m Ov on" 1 s to t i c CC a. i> F— o r C E- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 225 rt _? ca «.•___ CJ B1-^ S 3 £> _? 9n T3 D P C '"§ o U Ov ■n Ov -. a a a Z •_ E. ■_; w v, <, O 6 . 0 c (H. < .S O 83 W H 9 n f MIS § _ GO aj o S a ill 8 lnli§ r. Sg n>*_ m 8 s| r.SS WiSOH Sen SO Q2 --_ co aj S. 3 r.* 3 a a p. o •H Q Eh _0 o & o p-rHVOrHTtp~t—. p- cn cn in in cnT-HONMMONOom©oomP- NOOincnONvoMcotHvqvop- p^MTtMcnvOOOONNOMP^oT cnNOVCrHTtOO-H©OC©NOP- Ttvot-H cv mvop-_©vqNqo>P^ vo m vo* m m Tf" Tf m Tt m* m vo tHmovMt-Hcnvovop-©NooN mrHCTvTtvotHcoTtcnvoM© in ON 0\\ »H CN O^ CO M M_ © P-^ M^ c. vo \\d vo Nt o"h m* m"p"h t* OOOvONCnMrHtHmNONOP-O MMMMMMMMTt r-©ON©mp-vo©Ttmm,o ^cnp-tHTtmmcn©vooo© mcnp-MrHONCOtHcjN^votHcn TttHTtONCNTtcn©p^cn cn M -*■ ' . VO p- 1 00O00MMM 17771 I I rHvovocnOcntHcnvooovoco 0\\ovTHV.\\TinHpc.po\\P p-mooMOp-cnONTto-HNO InP-NOoTvOrHVO TtcnVONo'tH VOtH©p-OvOVTtVOVOTttHVO TtVOTHOvVOOOOOtHOOOOM©^ vo" m" vo" m" m* Tt" Tt" m* Tt m no p^ tHNovocn©cnrHcnvocovooo ovONiHw-)TtmrHp-.cnp-ovp- p^m oomop- cn ov \\tqn\\o m p^ no on vo tn vo Tt cn* vo* vo" th NOrH©p-ONOvTtNONOTttHNO TfVOtHONVOOOOOtHOOOOM© vo"invom"inTtTtinTtinvo"p^ ©Ttp-.Ov©OOMONNOP-Mcn m vo p m id in N vo h ro oi 00 ©rHvomoNt-.©mONp-p-t-H inTfmP-movoop-MOp^Ov ©■HcnvoovmTtmvoMp-rH cn no h m 00 vd_ o\\ cn p^ m^ m cn p^TtMmooTtONtHmcNMvo TfTtmcnTtvovop-ooNOoN inTtinp-inOvocp-MOr^Ov OtHcnvoovmTtmvoMP-t-i MVOrnmoovoOvcnp-MMM P-TtMcnOv©rHTfONOvVOTt p-THp-inr-TtmMcncncno cnoN©©Ov_mNq©©m vq^Tt cn"p^00"p^Tt©CNVOVD00CNVO ooovOvcnMT-H-Hmvovop^i© MMMMMMMMTt Ttvot-HOvtH-HMoomNOMP- NOTtMmMr-ootHtHr-mm TtooTfp^©cnvo«ncnMcnTt NO" Tf ^o" ON ON tf p* tf c. oC p m" ©TtcnvO0N©mcnMO00M Ttmop^Ttp-voov. vq no on p^ voinNommTtTtTtTtmmvo § ? uh ■___' fieP •tt- aSli S iuiS 3-_2 5 -a a g1 tj o ■ 3J§ 0*rt s.2 Ih 3 tt rt 9-h.S in 7; a Bib o la|s.s ►J 2 2«S _os J- ^ O. &s . «8U ^pjOdi „ oj o g S3S o -* _ i-i >. Sals __,_ . _* . « ca «j 2 « io "9 U 0 .. 'h. <- OJ BJ|SS cd 3 ..s s So r jO O.HH M P. U NOOooo©©Mmcnov^p-M ONNOvop-Tt©©Mm©p-No cn MCNvo P-tH^O00M MTt© M* © t-h" © On On M* oC cn* p^* Q* On" ONcnvOMOvcnooop-ooO© 00 p- cnTH t-h ov^ON^cncnNOONcn 00 p" co w P* >c. in 10 vo" p" p oC vo©NONOt-HOMONp-p-.cnp- ©©©Mmmmp-TtmTtcn o p- On © © ©^m m m M vo cn ov"©*vo"p^cNcn ON,Ttcnovcn"m oo©voTtp-MtHoovDmtHp- p-ovmvqaNo^rHf-goooinNO vomvovo"m*TtinininmmNo cncnoNvotHomovTtinov© voMcnTfvop-oo©tHrHoocn M © © vo 00 m cn © _ p-" tf vo" ^Ov vo m cn , , r, -_T -_T m* ©" pT vo" vo" ©" MO0©©00TtM©VO00©Tt .t-HCOp-VOP-OOMP-ON r.*uu*^nvjvgw)ONT TtM^CnrHOOp^VOp-00 rlPOv Mm©oooooovop-cncop-cn ©OvrH(»ONM©cnp-©MM cN^cn MtHiovqoocntH o Mm vo'o'tHcn© ©vo cnvoaCcnov' MP-TtmvotHoovomt-.MM TfcncnMMMtHf»cnTtmm m©cn©OTfMoomovooM MmtHtHcnmNooNMMtHp- O^tHrHootH^ooMccvqcn O 00 oi'inpNt"! cn© h in r. p m Tfp-TttHoovoinvocoMinvo oo©p-Mmvor^minotHr. TtmTtcncnvoMovoTtMVD TtMMP^P^TtOvomvOOOv cnov"oco m OTtootHmvo--r ONONmp-incnvotHvnmTtm P-ovin©ooTtoov©OONcnlTt ooTtcnmovp-TtMONtH^fSiTf p q vo h p m ■* tf) n o r n 'cn ■-^ m* M M* m" m" Tt vp" pT cn" Tf* ov" Tt ©T-H©THp-p-.(n©-nT-Hin© ~ ovq_p^vooN^cnTtvo oo cn_M r- n f. r. N H h h h h ts c. ci vo" M THinovMrHcnvovop-OvooN mtHONTtNOtHooTfcnNOM© m Ov_ On_ h M^O^ OO M^ M_ ©_ p^ M MNONo"No*TtotHmmp-tH*Tt OOONONCnMrHrHmNDVOp-O MMMMMMMMTt VOTttH©vOTHVOcnp-OvcnM ©mootHt-Hco©movP-iHON minootHTt^ONp-ooMP-vovo Op^t-H thoo cnoTvocNMOP-' OrH-Hmmoop-vo©vOMTt o^r-p Ttt-Hcn enm cn — m M m mmm m Nt'ttNt tfininvo" NOTft-HONOtHvocnp-ONcnM ©mootHTHco©mONp^rHos mmoorHTtoNp-ooMt^vovo ©p-tHrH00CnOvVOM(N©p" OtHTHmmoop-vo©voMTf ovtHp-^TtT-H enenmen rninM m minmrnTfTt-ttTtminvo cnMMmNDOvP-OMcn©Tt cn^HcncnTtooNDp-oocnONp- .... ^ ON Tf 00 M © Tt cn cn rn cn i I'M 1 1 1 1 ©Tt-Hcnp-TtcoNO©mr^M oocnTtONTfcntHoop-ooovoo p-vooooocnvop-oop-Ttcnp- TfNOVO*Ov"oO*T^rHOOmCNP^ON Mooovp-voMcnmcnOvrHOO cnMMMMMMMMMcncn ooHiDi.pHttxoor.min T-HTHom©t^MTftHincnp- ONmMTtmvoMrHmMONcn p-tHNOtHTtp-tHt-cncnrnm cntHONMMONCom©oomp- vo©incnONVocNoorHiovop- p"MTtMcn"vO00 oCvDCNp^oT cnVONDt-HTf00tH©00©NOP- Tf vq t-n ov m vq x\\ O vo vq_ on p- vo'inNOminTtTt mTtminNo" r*> 3 1 h cd H Cd p"Br- 3 S l! T 3 n ■__ Ih -3 Ih -3 J % H S S ! 3 «•§ qj ! gio^H^lc.Sg r.£So vq o Tt m Tf oo m tn P- Ov NO NO "n a cn m On Ov CO rn rH ■-. m m c-T a NO th P- (_) on 3 © ON M Tt ON vo < ©" © a Tf Tf __ a « Tf 00 M r?; >f Ov cn ov cn cn cn 3 H» 1 f. M t-H Tf Tt Tt r- a x I O o £ tt 3 Ov M th t— >n p- M cn ,m a, cd __ s * 3 >-> en en cn NO cn IL DI ities in Tt tH m *r-9« >. Ov © Ov cd Tt cn P-; ion o RUDE (Qua 5 M* pi cn cn •13 O OO M © c_ Ih p- © 00 a. o. < M NO ©" oo ©* &_ Q • © p- p^ cd s p- © P* o^o o\\ -* p"no cn _5 Tf m J) 2 .d Ov 00 cn vo © a VO rH 00 t-n Ph tH Tt cn m cn cn m 00 e CO Tf M cd vo t-^ Tt '-> Ov'th" M cn 1 o *■' tt CI cd to r >* 0 tt ! H 3 ! U3 tt i ** tt -"5 xo PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 227 Ot 0"rh cn cn £> H "nOMt^rO«iC-f.N. ^-.t—r-Or-i-. oo._o\\_.owi CNONrH^rJ-VC-J-ONCr^O^iiJ-rJ^rJ. OiOOMnrNNN^.r ^lMC^00N__\\0iO^^r U.OV}.r.c.rrocnr...i/. u.inu.K.v.-f-f-r-tu.\\_r\\o DOrJC^_OOOOiO_W«M vOW-V-OOf. -f_N.OCU.-J.cr( r O Oi_M Oi C 00 Oi r1! 00 O pi m"n^f r^o'crr'^inin ri. virovnCrr-Oi-iOri MMNnM OlDOIr Mr r T3 ID P .9 d o U 00 Ov -. _3 a s 2 « fc. > t_ t. § ol a», c. _5 .a y 83 sill 3"£i8 ■anC OJ . OJ JSMH . _ ■_ 8 * .-_ I. o S . < o z S •2 ' _ _o Eh m tN rn oo p tt m m ©vom© TfTtMTtOOC^, TfOvVOTHMM NOTtp~oovovomcnp-OvOoo o vt tf x ri p* tf a •-' oo" v: p" p _ u. . co fi - ocp-p~Mm I I I I I *j ™ I I I ! I oo©oop>p-p-mTfONM in — TtTtoomoNr-vcoNCvoTtun MoomoovoMNOMcnc, mTf McnoNNOcnocp-p--HGcvocn Hr-ovn-pmoco-vovotii r- m^ vo cn Tt rn m — cn Tt cn m m inininmTfTtTfTtmvovo oo©cop-p-p-mTtovMm-H TfTroomovp-vcoN©NOTtm MCOinoovOMvcMcnrninTf McnoNVOrn"oop*p"tHoc vo cn" HHO\\f\\|r.pmCOO\\N0VDNt p^cNvqcnTtcnM^tHcnTtcnin mmmmmTtTtTfTtmvovo* HNtrtOPmMNtCtr-rO p-Ot-iONOMmMoomcnm mvooNOom^p-M — ©cop- rn" ©" CN th" r-T On" On* ©* —" cn" p^ Tt MMMMMtH — cNMMMM ©©ocoomONONONOOTtp--H TtTtT-HCOMP-P-mOvcr, OM (N p a D\\ M m NO -D _ O C M Mm d vf c x* cl -h' TfMMp" cn M p- t-n m M cn m cn Tt cn en ©©ooocmONOvOvooTtr-tH TfTttHcoMP-p-movcnoM (.PWOvc.miDNOr.OOMN moocnONTfOTtcnMcnMM p-TfrnMcnM©TtcNmovM ©cnmcocn©TfmTtvDONcn TfooovT—vomoNTtcNmcnTt mco — ©NOocr-ocNC©cnoN MtHMMTHT-HTHT-HT-Hfs)^H TtNocooooMovmoN©Ttov TtONVOMcnoot-Hp-NONOcop- p_ Ot o^ « p x o^ h q p c*!00, Ov" no" (N vo" a c. x" m" o" in o" r. OTt©TfVOT-HO.MinOCvop- momt— MCNO©MCNM Tt mmmminTt-ttTtTtinvoND r* _; i- -. — 3 X. 3 _- _o ' u e OJ c. al 3 e in rji- C aj OJ " quia o .ss|SS 2Sa T.r . l. J- >, a _?e . o sM. ._-o n t. ■ • coo BO co oj oj p -H £ "H rH Cd (Tj gjlj "glc 3 -__ _2 3 5> ■r5ttoO ^ I ° STtvooo—OcnvOMMOOvo SOvVOOvmMrHiXiTtt-iNOP- - ff._ tt rn a h oo O^ P^ m tt o\\ -m" c. o\\V vo in n m p p"t. VWMWOPXXX — PX -i on ctttH oo Ov m o^cqvo cn co o vo oo oo vo in vovo vopToooo vovo-HoooOTtMcn©ovTfTH ©P-©ONrnvOMNOMmp-M © © rn cn vq in vq cn r- © -h m Ttoo"cNoom — mcNt-T-ttoocN" MMVOTHVOMcnTtONQor-vp mon p^cn — Tt©cn©Tf i> © p"mP*p*^Nomvovovo*vo"vo*p^ mooT-HrncnNomTtcnt-Hvooo MtHONMOOVOt-HTtNOMONCn T-HOOOv^Mcn©©NOcot-iOM cn*cn*cn"©cn"p^voNO*vo*cNCNTt mnomx tninpr. to oop-ooNOTtTtTtTtmoot—cn ocTtNDMcnMP^oomvo©© movr-p-mtHoovooomoovo OOPthP. P^P^Ov in PMrNO\\ vot-TvomcncnvoTtcocooTt p-vomocomp-rHtHOvoNt-H ONNooomp-ooovTHTtvooop- T-l©ONOp-P-OOTHp*P-^Hm r-f OO^ r-i TJ- ,-hP-_i-hvoOnMOn m p^©t-T^irNfrnp-,p-"oo©*oo-H mooND-Hp-mmNoONrHm© ©TtMONOOOOOOt-H — tNTfP- MmTfrnp-NOTtp-mt-H-HM OnP^M000CP-P-VOCNP-P~ND c. x p no* cnMmcNcn*rH*co tHTfmov x tt o m h ov m I vOOr.intMOOr.HcNlrriO ONP-ON©NOONOvTfOOONOOVD ON©ON©ONrHONONNDMMP- cN rH t-h p^m©t-rrn*oo"o©vo* Tfoo©p-tH McnMTfoN©cn PJ rH VO Tt OO^rHmCNON^p^NDOC mMcncntHMCNmMMCNM ooMP-voooOONOcnvomoo NommoocnTfcvp-ocmTtcn t-H©ONMON©ooONcnco©M m" r. tf r. d rn h" m" in in r. P* m — ONM©rHrHTHOvTtNOM MMMMMMMMt-HMfHt-H MoomvoMMvoTtONvOTtm vorHp-TfMmp-TtMp-m© Tt — MOvONVOrHOOOv^OCOOVO vd"t— ON-nt-rNdoTvocn Ttvd"p~ ©TtMCOOvMOvTfp-aN©P- ©mONNOP-OONOVDOCP-P-ON mTtTtTtTtmcncncnTtm m MoomNOMMNOTtoNVOTtm votHp-TtMmp-TtMp-m© TfrHMOvONVOtH00ON_0000NO vo* h ov" v" h id oC vo" m" tf vp" p" ©TtMOOONMONTfp-OvOP- ©„ "1 °\\ *°. ^ "SL * ^ "S ^" ^ °\\ m* t Tt TtTfcncncnc^, Ttmm MoomMinNOP-Ttovcn©aN Hocnorricompmopir. mmOvvoMP-ONOOTtmOON in©MooOvP-NOTfm©OvNo T-HVOMm©p-McnTtmt-Hvo ©cnQOTtvomM©mmTtoo_ © ov" cn no" Tt" in m" © no* p^ © -h* NOTtcnovMNop-vomONT-Hcn mmNOMcnMMMMMcncn mmmONTfp-rnONNo vo©cnMMNOcnmM ■NNOOvTt vo IO H in O^ P ^mONONTfcnNDocTtov" ©Ttp-oommMvocn rlT-,M^H.r-.T-H(NT-M m©Mp-T-.O00N0TtMMTt voppopincopxiDOm OVONrH-vtNOTtONCn©TtTtM ONOOr-m-HMMMcncntH moocnooMcnONONO _■ ^ — momt-Hrncnt-H©mmcNm^ m"nininm*TtTtTtTtmvovo h cd _. 3 fe m "C >. sj C* . Q.CI1 ii H •H H H JJ SESEE 3 OJ •§ oj 5 _ a _ 7. o _ ,__rir_.i.^iOIJrir._: r. n, 2 < 2 5 r. < m o z s.s I). — pt cd -3 rt «_j 3 tt E S cd 3 30 *o i* g tt H 3 5 0 tt u c r. w ~ tt O ■o tt U w Q a c cd u ■a 3 3 228 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Ov 2 N. x. Ov -. <>. -3 3 O Ps -3 -a 3 O s T3 £ 3 ■—HI 2 •H -a g , 3 tt cd Tf co m rn cn M © © vo 0 ih m cn CO Tf m r^ vo M 0 H Ov vo © P- M P- © m rH rH vo © cn oo OJ p vo m Tt vo tH rH Ov Tf Ov M o 55 NO NO 00 VO 1-1 M Tf © Ov © P- On M 00 © O m" Tt" © m tH rH 1 TH © Tt P- ! 00 M tt VO u CO ! TH Tt H- NO j Tf 00 © Tf I © vo cn oo oc IPMNP ! NO P- M m . j cn cn oo On M vd m m Tf PtOrOP >t © p- Ov cn Tf 00 00 CO rH in 00 tH /H CO p- V0 M M tt OVPV0P . 3 cn vq m m vo P- cn o 1—1 Tf Tf NO O Tf cd M cn on Ov S PvON ""' t^ P^ Ov p- m oo ft co Tt cn «. i M M vO cd 00 © Tf Ov NO © tt pt, p- vo en ** : © on m p- a Tf © VD VO cd P- vo Tf rH cd tt ;* V or CT IT m o Ov •m 00 NO 3 ^ cd 3^-> m vo co vq on_ oo no* Tt" Tt" oo" vo" m TfOOp 0 cn r- m © cn © t^ ov Tf rn Tf m M cn cd m rn ,-h oo cn oo vo oo © cn oo co ,o rn cs m no m b-l Tf rn on_ cn" cn © os © m M co o Tt rn m Ov vo tt Q r^ vo cn M m Tt Tt Tf p- on Tf th cn m rn Tt m Tt o Z t-n m p- Os 3 H © vo VO Tt OO Nfr v- © Tt 00 © 00 M "n Ov O ih rn th m on m tn CO M M en •H to tt © Ov M M VO -3 a Ov rH^ rn p- Ov in ,-,",-. rH en en s en P* Ps -3 © rH VO rH m Tf ppxcntsx < M CO a M M _3 —r* mopttaq -Cj 3 g M P- M M "_. n cn p- Tt m th m m © cn Ov o oo m P- Ov © cn^ th r-TcN m" cn p- M M 8 S |-_S o tt 3 3 0 ~ o_ : vo m Tt Tt oo _? j P~ 00 ON rH P- *) 1 rH rn rn tH vo O 3 2 ! rH rH Tf (CoT OO M "3 CL, r.rpfi)P cn © vo © cn 0 Oc . On Tf O © Tt Tt t-h cn tn On M tf 1 cn cn 1 rn Ov P- vo tt vo m 00 00 VO On M cn H» m cn ! VO tH © tH >> cd © Tf on © a no © 00 m Tf th cn ! vo P- © cn rn t^- cn On a < i ONrH Tf ! ! P- On © m 00 M m © P- © On t— cd tn" CO ©" ©* i Tf tH m Tt 00 rH Oi Ph rH CN NO ON." rH Tf 1 no 00 Ov cn e : >n Tt © p-^ H, tH Tf rH oi •O -O TJ 3 3 3 O1 cr cr 3 cd cd cd 00 oo 00 cd p cd - __! XI £.3 3 ft 3 c £-3 B ft Zm^I 4 3 ; j cd tt >H t*^ ob Ov rH r-l PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 229 Table 14.—Proved Reserves of Recoverable Oil, Gas, and Gas By-products at December 31st, 1959 Crude Oil1 Raw Gas= Disposable Gas Gas Liquids Sulphur Reserves remaining at end of 1958. Production during 1959 Adjustments made during 19594— Reserves discovered during 1959—. Reserves remaining at end of 1959. Bbl. 41,051,841 866,109 +56,285 16,973,759 57,215,776 Million Cu. Ft. 1,906,400 69,129 — 187,231 1,117,900 2,767,940 Million Cu. Ft. 1,716,600 64,526 — 173,074 982,800 2,461,800 Bbl. 43,026,522 1,987,5663 — 1,071,094 21,953,309 61,921,171 Short Tons 1,615,673 55,061s +44,208 436,901 2,041,721 1 The proved reserve of crude oil in some instances, where justified by structural conditions, may include up to 50 per cent of the probable reserve. 2 Excludes the solution gas produced with crude oil and gas in the gas-caps of oil reservoirs while still in the stage of primary recovery. 3 The production of gas liquids and sulphur are the quantities estimated from gas analyses to have been produced with the raw gas, both sweet and sour, and are not the quantities actually extracted; for example, the amount of sulphur actually extracted during 1959 was 53,694 short tons. 4 Reserves are continually under revision as data are provided by additional drilling and production. Lispection of Lode Mines, Placer Mines, and Quarries By J. W. Peck, Chief Inspector of Mines CONTENTS Page 230 230 Fatal Accidents and Accidents Involving Loss of Time 241 Production Fatal Accidents. dangerous occurrences- Prosecutions Blasting Certificate Suspensions Explosives Used in Mines 243 245 245 245 246 247 249 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association Trophy 249 British Columbia Mining Association, Safety Division 250 Dust Control and Ventilation Mine Rescue, Safety, and First Aid_ John T. Ryan Trophy PRODUCTION The output of metal mines for 1959 was 6,990,985 tons. This tonnage was produced from sixty mines, of which forty-four produced 100 tons or more. FATAL ACCIDENTS During 1959 there were eighteen fatal accidents connected with lode mines, placer mines, and quarries. This was fourteen more than in 1958. Tonnage mined per fatal accident during the last ten-year period was 897,250 tons. The following table shows the mines at which fatal accidents occurred during 1959, with comparative figures for 1958:— Mine Mining Division Number of Fatal Accidents 1959 1958 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Birkett Creek 1 Vancouver ;, 1 Empire Mining Nanaimo Golden Atlin - 1 Pioneer. Lillooet Texada Mines , Tnrhrif Nanaimo.— Skeena Nanaimo _ 1 Vancouver _ _ Totals 18 4 230 INSPECTION OF MINES 231 The following table classifies fatal accidents as to cause and location:— Cause Number Location Falls of ground 5 4 underground, 1 surface. Haulage, surface 3 Surface. Haulage, underground 3 Underground. Hoisting 1 Underground. Machinery 1 Surface. Miscellaneous 5 Surface. Total 18 A description of all fatal accidents follows. Karl Kronseth, aged 50, married, and employed as a power-house operator by Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited, was killed by gun shot some time between 7.45 a.m. and 7 p.m. on January 20th, 1959, while patrolling the water-lines which supplied the mine and plant. Karl Kronseth had left his home early in the morning, travelling on skis and carrying a rifle. The rifle was protection against a cougar which had been reported following him on other patrols. The carrying of a rifle had been approved by his foreman. When Kronseth did not return home by 4 p.m. a search was instituted, and the deceased was found lying on his back, one ski on and one off. A rolled cigarette was still in his mouth. The body was nearly frozen. The rifle was lying on the deceased's chest. An autopsy revealed that a bullet had entered the left side between the fifth and sixth ribs, passing through the heart and coming out the back right side below the shoulder blade. Powder burns were found on the left side. Death would have been instantaneous. The rifle was a Swedish 30-06. It had four cartridges in the magazine and one spent cartridge in the chamber. The safety catch was in the " off" position, but it was found the rifle could still be fired with the catch in this position. There was no evidence of homicide or suicide. Kronseth was a well-known rifle shot and a careful, conscientious man. It is surprising that he would carry a cartridge in the chamber of the rifle while travelling on the trail. The verdict of the inquest was accidental death. A recommendation was added that when a man performs duties in isolated place, he be required to check in by telephone at definite specified times. Adelard Bouillion, aged 39, married, and employed as a miner by Torbrit Silver Mines Limited at the Toric mine was killed in a snow and rock slide on the surface railway on April 7th, 1959, at about 1 p.m. The surface railway, where the accident took place, extends along the side of a mountain slope for a distance of about one-half mile from mine to mill. It is of 2-foot gauge and is covered with a snowshed for its entire length. On the day of the accident, the train crew was making its second trip from the mill to the mine. Adelard Bouillion was riding as switchman in the first car of a five-car train of empties when a slide of snow and rock crashed down on the snowshed, collapsing the shed around the first two cars. The motorman saw Bouillion stand up and endeavour to shield himself with his arms before he was buried by debris. The motorman tried without success to reverse the train. Help was then obtained, and in about twenty minutes Bouillion's body was uncovered, but there was no evidence of life. About 40 feet of snowshed was carried away by the slide. A slide had occurred in this area about eight years previously and one in March, 1959, but the main problem has been the removal of heavy snow from the snowshed rather than slides. 232 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 1 In March a reported 12 feet of snow had fallen, accompanied by some rain. On the day of the slide it was warm and the snow was melting. A coroner's jury made no recommendations. Lazo Delic, employed as a mechanic's helper by Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited, was fatally injured while working on a tram-line tower on May 13 th, 1959, at about 4 p.m. Lazo Delic had been detailed to grease the sheave hub on No. 5 angle station of the tram-line. This sheave is 15 feet in diameter and is installed horizontally in a steel tower 82 feet above the ground. To grease the hub, the procedure is to climb the ladder to the top of the tower, unscrew the grease cup from the hub, and then fill and replace it. Access to the fitting is from above the sheave and directly over the spokes via a steel channel 8 inches wide. There were no witnesses to the accident, but apparently Delic was in the process of replacing the grease cup when in some undetermined manner he fell or slipped into the spokes of the sheave wheel, which was in rotation. He was carried around and fatally crushed between the spokes and the tower components. The body was found about twenty minutes later, but death could be presumed to have been sudden. All tram-line workers had been instructed not to work on the towers when the tram-line was in operation. The deceased had had experience the previous year on tram-line towers and was regarded as a capable worker and a good climber. The coroner's jury returned a verdict that Lazo Delic met his death by accident and no blame was attached to anyone. Edward Rejman, aged 48, single, and employed as a trammer, was fatally injured at the Mineral King mine, Toby Creek, at approximately 11.20 p.m. on May 25th after being buried under a comparatively small quantity of rock. Rejman, acting as trammer and motorman on No. 6 level, was loading two 2-ton-capacity side-tipping V-type rocker cars from the 66a chute at the time of the accident, assisted by a scraperman. After loading one car he had to clean a small amount of spillage of muck from between the wheels of the loaded car prior to moving. He leaned over between the car and the chute, and while so doing the hopper of the car tipped over, completely burying him with muck from the car, with the exception of a portion of his legs. His partner, who was standing at the other side of the car, tried to right the car and remove some of the muck from Rejman. He failed to do so and had to summon help. Rejman was released fifteen minutes later, but showed no sign of life on his release. He did not respond to artificial respiration, which was applied for approximately two hours until the arrival of the doctor from Invermere, who pronounced him dead. It is suspected that the locking device on the hopper was not properly set prior to loading the car, and the deceased, in leaning over to clean the spillage from the rail, grasped the top of the hopper, and in so doing caused the hopper to tip. The locking device was checked after the accident and was found to be in working order. The checking of the locking device would be done by the deceased, as he was in charge of the loading, and his partner had only been sent to assist him. The coroner's jury returned the verdict that Rejman had met his death as a result of suffocation and no blame was attached to anyone. William Stanley Austin, aged 33, married, and employed as a miner by Giant Nickel Mines Limited near Hope, died in Vancouver on July 18th, 1959, as a result of severe pelvic injuries received from a fall of rock in the mine on July 9th, 1959. The accident occurred in the Brunswick No. 5 stope, which is a shrinkage stope 30 to 40 feet wide in a nearly vertically dipping orebody, extending above the 3550 level. Austin, in company with two other miners, entered the stope on INSPECTION OF MINES 233 the day shift of July 9th and they commenced examining the place, scaling down loose rock, and washing down. At about 9.05 a.m. a large rock fell on Austin and one other miner, seriously injuring them and rendering them semi-conscious. The shiftboss was immediately notified, help was obtained, and the men were taken to Hope and later to Vancouver. According to information obtained from the uninjured miner, who was washing down at the time, both injured men had begun to scale the back of the stope, but experienced great difficulty in barring down one piece of rock which appeared to be broken along a sulphide slip. They tried for some time to get it down with their 8- to 9-foot scaling-bars, but without success. It would seem that they then gave up for the time being and continued to scale other loose rock near by. While doing this, they evidently stood under the above-mentioned rock, which fell without warning a distance of about 9 feet. It broke into three or four pieces, but later measurements indicated it was approximately 5 by IVi feet by 1 foot and weighed about 500 pounds. The coroner's jury found that death was accidental, but made the following recommendations:— (1) The mining regulations contain a provision stating that if loose rock cannot be brought down by a scaling-bar, blasting-powder must be used. (2) A man be designated in charge of safety practices in a work area consisting of three or more men. (3) Where piecework is being carried out, safety regulations be strictly enforced. (4) In the future, all witnesses to accidents be required to make a statement as soon as possible. Wilmot Swann, aged 34, married, and employed as a timberman at the Sullivan mine, Kimberley, died at the Kimberley hospital at 1 a.m. on August 1st as the result of pelvic and internal injuries received in a train collision in the mine on July 28th, 1959, at 8.30 a.m. The accident occurred on the 4200 level. The ore-train was returning empty with seven ore-cars ahead of the locomotive when it was diverted into a side crosscut. Swann, who was operating a locomotive pushing an explosive-car and a flat car in the crosscut, saw the train coming and attempted to run back past his own train to a place of safety after jumping off his locomotive. The collision of the two trains, however, caused the explosive-car and flat car to derail. Swann was crushed against the side of the roadway. First aid was immediately applied and he was rushed to the hospital. The crosscut where the accident occurred is at right angles to the main haulage track, and thus the driver of the ore-train could not observe what was happening. It is apparent that the switch to this crosscut must have been left open, contrary to the instructions which had been issued to all workmen concerned. It is thought the deceased left the switch open himself, as he had just previously operated his locomotive on the main track. Whether he had overlooked the switch or intended to bring his train back before the ore-train arrived is not known. He was accustomed to haulage, although classified as a timberman, but had only been employed on the locomotive since the previous day. He had been instructed as to procedure and was considered a conscientious worker and safety minded. The coroner's jury recommended the following:— (1) That warning lights be placed on all railway switches underground. (2) That all trains have a light on the end car clearly visible to the motorman. 234 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 (3) That all precautions be taken to ensure that no employee be assigned to motor duties underground until they are thoroughly familiar with operating procedure. (4) That all underground mobile units in operating areas carry a crew of two. Victor E. Warren, aged 36, married, and employed as a miner at the Bralorne mine, was fatally injured during shaft-sinking procedures in the Queen shaft on August 18th at about 7.30 p.m. The Queen shaft is an internal shaft extending, until commencement of the present sinking, from No. 26 level to No. 35 level, a distance of 1,350 feet. The shaft is now being sunk from No. 35 level to a projected 41st level, and at the time of the accident the shaft bottom was 115 feet below No. 36 level. The shaft comprises four compartments, and the dimensions outside the timbering are 18 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 4 inches. The shaft is timbered with sets at 6-foot intervals, and at the time of the accident the blasting set was 37 feet from the shaft bottom. The shaft is mucked out with a Cryderman mucker, which is in the north compartment. The muck is hoisted by sinking-bucket to No. 32 level, where it is dumped into a pocket, from whence it is hoisted up the main section of the shaft and distributed as fill in the stopes. The sinking is carried on on two shifts. On the night of the accident the crew consisted of the hoistman, the shaft leader, the deceased, and two other miners. At the beginning of the shift on August 18th, the hoistman lowered the other four men in the bucket. Two men remained on the blasting set, while the.shaft leader and Warren descended farther in the bucket to scale the shaft from the blasting set downward. Warren was standing on the lip of the bucket, steadying it, while the shaft leader was using the scaling-bar and standing on the floor of the bucket. The safety crosshead, which normally provides effective cover over the bucket, was in the chairs three sets above the blasting set. The bucket was about 12 feet below the blasting set when a quantity of rock sloughed from the side of the shaft 80 feet above. It was deflected by the crosshead and then struck the men in the bucket. Warren was knocked 25 feet to the shaft bottom, while the shaft leader suffered considerable head iniuries. Good rescue work was immediately carried out, but Warren died at 9.15 p.m. in the Bralorne hospital. Subsequent medical evidence disclosed that death was due to multiple skull fractures and brain haemorrhage, with the iniuries resulting from a fall rather than from a blow on the head. The shaft was well timbered throughout, and catch-alls had been built at intervals to catch any small pieces of loose rock. The sides of the shaft were not lagged, as the rock was diorite, which is usually sound. However, the rock fall occurred from a position where a dyke crossed the shaft. This area, as well as the rest of the shaft, had been inspected by both the shaft captain on the previous shift and the shaft leader on the shift when the fatality took place. Both were experienced men. The coroner's jury returned a verdict that death was accidental, with the recommendations that the lining of the shaft be kept closer to the working area, and that a safety belt be used by the man on the rim of the bucket while scaling down. Carl Ernest Weber, aged 39, married, and emploved as a motorman in the Aurum mine of Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, was fatally injured in a haulage accident on September 3rd, 1959, between 2 and 3 a.m. The accident occurred on the 4000 level, which is the main haulage level of the Aurum mine and is an adit level. The ore is hoisted up the internal shaft from the lower levels and is dumped into an ore-pocket above the 4000 level. The ore is drawn from the pocket and filled into cars at a chute at the 4000 level. The cars used INSPECTION OF MINES 235 are of the 40-cubic-feet-capacity side-dump type, and these are hauled by an Atlas battery locomotive in trains of up to twelve cars. Weber had been employed regularly on the night shift, which was from 7 p.m. to 3 a.m., and his job was to take empty cars in, load them at the chute, and bring out the full cars to the surface. Weber was seen by the shiftboss at the beginning of the shift, and at that time he appeared to be in a normal state of. health. The last person to see him alive was the cage-tender, who stated that at about 2 a.m. he saw Weber loading a car. Shortly after 3 a.m. the shiftboss noticed that Weber had not come out with the others at the end of the shift. At 3.20 a.m. he was found at the chute, still on the seat of the locomotive, but dead from severe head injuries. A doctor was on the scene by 3.50 a.m., when death was officially pronounced. Later evidence indicated death was due to extensive skull fractures and haemorrhage into the brain. It was evident that at the time of the accident Weber was bringing a train of empty cars into the mine, there being six cars in front of the locomotive and six behind. It is necessary for the motorman to lean forward as the locomotive passes under the chute, as the chute projects and the operator's seat on the locomotive is on the same side as the chute. In this case it was clear that for some reason Weber had failed to do this, and, as a result, when he reached the chute his head was knocked backward and was partly crushed between the chute lip and the battery box of the locomtive. After the accident, the locomotive was found just beyond the chute with the control lever in the neutral position. It seems probable that Weber's hand must have pulled the control lever into neutral as the accident was happening. An inquest brought in a verdict of accidental death with no blame attached to anyone, but with the recommendation that the locomotive seat be remodelled. Walter Maitland Cassidy, aged 50, married, and employed as a truck-driver at the Beale quarry of Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd., is presumed to have been drowned on September 11th at about 2 p.m. There were no witnesses to the accident and the body has not been found. Cassidy's job was to dump waste on the edge of a flat area about 35 feet above the sea. The face of the waste varies from nearly vertical to about 50 degrees. The procedure in handling the waste is to dump a load at the lip and then dump succeeding loads back toward the pit. When the dumping area is fairly well covered by waste, a dulldozer is used to push the material over the lip into the sea. It was apparent that Cassidy was preparing to dump his load at the lip of the waste when for some reason the truck went over the lip into the sea. The reason for the truck going over the lip is open to conjecture. The ground is fairly flat, with no down-grade toward the lip. The truck was reported to be in good mechanical condition, being recently fitted with new brakes. It was located in about 100 feet of water by skin-divers, who reported the truck was still in reverse and that the driver's door was open and the truck empty of rock. Cassidy was reported to be a most careful driver, who always inspected the lip of the dump before proceeding to unload his truck. He might have been leaning out the door while backing up the truck and his foot slipped or touched the gas pedal when he attempted to apply the brakes. Several men were working near by in the quarry, but none saw the accident. Cassidy was not missed until after quitting time. No inquest will be held until the body is found. Iver I. Sallows, aged 26, widower, and employed as a miner at the Britannia mine, was killed by a fall of rock in the 45-030 stope of the No. 8 mine on September 22nd between 9 and 10 a.m. 236 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The 45-030 is a square-set stope in a pillar recovery zone on a chalcopyrite- bearing vein with a general east-west strike and steep southerly dip. The stope was mined up from below the 4500 level and extended to the second set above it. On the 4500 level it was eleven sets or 66 feet long, and three and a half sets or 21 feet wide. The timber had been fully installed to the back and walls of the stope. Two old finger-raises extended upward at the centre and on the east end of the stope, toward an area that had been previously mined. As the grade of the ore had fallen below profitable mining practice, the stope was shortened on the first bench by dropping off the five most westerly sets and was, therefore, only 36 feet long above the second set. Sallows was drilling off a third bench and was working on the west end when the footwall section between the two raises dropped. This section is estimated to have been approximately 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 6 feet high. Because it was the footwall section that dropped, the half-set timbers were dislodged and pushed both inward and downward in the stope. Sallows, while drilling, apparently heard no warning and was crushed by the falling rock. Sallows' partner was about 25 feet away and two sets below. Rescue work was started, but it was six hours before the body was recovered. It was believed Sallows had died almost instantly from multiple fractures and severe internal injuries. Sallows and his partner had daily checked the timbering, and had done so the morning prior to the accident. The shiftboss and the foreman had also checked the timbering each time they entered the stope, and it appeared satisfactory to all concerned. No sloughing was noted at any time. After the accident, it was evident that a crack had existed behind the large slab (about 150 tons), but this crack could not be seen previous to the accident. Timber or rock cribs, in conjunction with normal square sets, might have prevented the cave, but it would have been difficult to foresee this. An inquest was held on September 29th and a verdict was brought in of accidental death with the following two recommendations:— (1) Any stope similar to this should have false sets supported by cribbing. (2) In future in fatal accidents at least three members of the coroner's jury should be familiar with the working conditions of the area in which the accident occurred. Peter Matiowsky, aged 27, single, and employed as a truck-driver by Mannix Company Ltd. at the Empire Development operation, Port McNeill, met his death by asphyxiation about 12.30 a.m., on October 3rd, when pinned in a cab of an overturned Euclid truck. The operation is an open-pit iron mine. The ore is trucked from the various pit sections to a crushing and up-grading plant. At the end of the previous shift, the driver of this Euclid truck had turned the loaded truck around and had parked it at the fuelling station because a loaded truck was parked at the dump above the crushing plant. In the position it was in the Euclid truck could be backed easily onto the dump as soon as the other truck had left. It is apparent that Matiowsky, when coming on shift, believed that the truck had been dumped and, after fuelling up, proceeded to go to the Kingfisher Pit for a load of ore. Approximately ten minutes later, or at 12.40 a.m., the driver of the following truck took the same route and saw Matiowsky's overturned Euclid below the second sharp corner of the road. Help was obtained right away, but it was found impossible to remove Matiowsky as he was pinned in the driver's seat by the steering-wheel, left door, and fire-guard. No pulse could be felt at this time. The truck was pulled back to the road and the cab pulled away from Matiowsky, whose body was then removed and delivered by ambulance to the INSPECTION OF MINES 237 R.C.M.P. at Port McNeill. The report of the autopsy was that there were a few superficial injuries, but that death was due to asphyxiation. This was as a result of the very confined position into which Matiowsky was forced by the fire-guard, door, and steering-wheel. In order to drive from the fuelling point to where the truck overturned, it is first necessary to go up a slight grade for 400 feet, make a slight left turn, travel about 300 feet along a relatively flat or very slight down-grade below the powder magazine, make a sharp left turn and go down a 15-degree grade for a distance of 300 feet, then make a sharp right turn. The road is at least 24 feet wide throughout this distance and has three safety bays between the two corners. The truck made the first corner without difficulty, but at the second corner it went straight ahead, where it was found upside down approximately 20 feet below the road. Evidence produced indicated that the truck was in fully serviceable condition, both as to steering and braking, at the time of the accident, but that it would not be possible to stop or to turn the corner on this steep grade with such a load (total weight approximately 34 tons) when the truck was in third gear, as it was found to be. It was believed that in third gear the engine would not be able to develop a sufficiently high number of revolutions per minute to produce the required oil pressure and volume to enable the hydraulic steering to operate properly under so heavy a load on a steep down-grade. An inquest held at Alert Bay on October 7th, 1959, returned a verdict of accidental death with no blame attached to anyone. The jury recommended that drivers be instructed to check their trucks prior to taking over the shift. Willi Walter Bruno Greiser, aged 43, married, and employed as a motorman at the Bralorne mine, was fatally injured on October 14th, 1959, about 4 p.m. in a fall from the cage in the Crown shaft when it was hoisted unexpectedly. The Crown shaft is an interior three-compartment shaft, which extends 2,700 feet vertically from No. 8 level to No. 26 level. Greiser, with three other men, had been lowered from No. 8 level to No. 26 level. After the cage had stopped at No. 26 level, Greiser, who stood in the cage nearest the gate and the signal switch, reached out and gave the signal of "three." This is an unofficial signal which was intended to " hold " the cage. Greiser opened the gate and lifted the station safety bar. He then started to step out of the cage, but just as he did so the cage began to ascend. Greiser had one foot out of the cage and was unable to get back in. He fell out when the cage was about 5 feet above the station and then fell into the open shaft under the cage. He fell a further 125 feet to the spill door near the bottom of the shaft. Meanwhile the cage was brought to a stop 16 feet above No. 26 level. After waiting five minutes, one of the other men climbed out into the manway and obtained help. There was no sign of life when the body of Greiser was found, and a later autopsy indicated that death was due to multiple skull fractures and numerous internal injuries. The hoistman involved is considered reliable and experienced. He insisted he received the release signal of five bells. The signal system was checked after the accident and found to be in order. However, it was demonstrated that if the signal rope at the level is snatched or is pulled from an angle rather than straight down, it is possible to give an indistinct signal which might be interpreted by the hoistman as two rings rather than one. None of the four men on the cage had been given authority to act as cage-tender. A return signal system, which might prevent misinterpretation of signals, had not been installed in this shaft. The inquest was held at Bralorne on October 16th and the jury returned a verdict of accidental death with the following recommendations:— 238 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 (1) The cage should be attended by a cage-tender at all times. (2) Monthly checks of the signal system should be made by a qualified electrician and recorded in the hoistman's log book. (3) All present and future employees should be warned not to use the signal system. (4) Periodic meetings of all hoistmen and cage-tenders should be held to discuss safety measures and operations of hoisting. A prosecution was instituted against one of the workmen, who was with Greiser, for earlier operating the shaft signals without authorization. He pleaded guilty and was fined $20. A prosecution against the manager for permitting the offence was dismissed. Antonio Di Meo, married, and employed as a driller in the Quarry Bay limestone quarry of Rayonier of Canada near Jeune Landing, was decapitated by a fall of rock on October 13th, 1959, at about 5 p.m. Di Meo and the contractor, Lucien Godbout, were making a new set-up for a wagon drill on the east face of the west quarry. The bedding planes on this face strike north and south and dip approximately 45 degrees west. The fracturing of the ground has tended to develop large fragments of limestone. At the point where the accident occurred, the toe had been mined back so that the immediate face was approximately 30 feet high and formed a re-entrant angle overhanging nart of the drill steel, but not the machine. The wagon drill was on top of the toe of broken limerock. Previous to the accident, Di Meo and Godbout spent approximately two hours scaling loose rock from the face in the vicinity of the position of the wagon drill. The face had not been mined for at least six months. On completion of the scaling, the drill was set up on a pile of broken limestone at the face. Godbout and another workman assisted Di Meo in setting up the drill, but went about other duties when Di Meo started to drill about 4.45 p.m. When one of them returned about 5 p.m. Di Meo's decapitated body was found under a large slab of limestone at the side of the wagon drill, which was still running. Apparently the drilling had dislodged a slab, approximately 4 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 1 Vi feet thick, from a joint plane at the toe of the overhang. This slab, weighing approximately 1,800 pounds, rolled down the broken rock slope and caught Di Meo against the wagon drill. An inquest held at Port Alice on October 16th, 1959, returned a verdict of no blame attached to any individual. The quarry face consisted of layers of limestone dipping toward the quarry floor, and thus the safest way to mine would have been by drilling vertical holes from the top, or by breasting down along the joint planes. Both the contractor and the driller were, however, considered to be experienced quarry men. Maxwell Godkin, aged about 23, single, and employed as a prospector by Vimy Exploration Ltd., was killed by a falling tree while working on road construction near the Adams River mineral claims near Say ward about 10.30 a.m. on October 27th, 1959. Godkin was engaged in clearing right-of-way preparatory to road construction to the mineral claims. Apparently he had commenced to put an undercut in a 12-inch-diameter green tree when something went wrong with the power-saw he was using. He was repairing the saw when a snag (dead tree), 40 feet long and about 10 inches in diameter, fell and struck him. Two bulldozer operators and one other man were near by at the time of the accident but did not see it happen. However, it is estimated that only a short time elapsed before Godkin was found. He was still breathing, but died shortly afterward. Death was later found to be INSPECTION OF MINES 239 due to a fracture dislocation of the neck. The face bones were also fractured and the left femur broken. An inquest was held on October 27th, 1959, at Campbell River. The jury returned a verdict of accidental death with blame attached to no one, but added the recommendation that hard hats be worn by all employees. Nelson Shiosaki, single, a logging contractor under contract to West Columbia Gold Placers Ltd., was presumed to have met his death by drowning in the Columbia River near Mile 57, Big Bend Highway, on Wednesday, November 11th, 1959, at approximately 11.30 a.m. Shiosaki and his two employees had been engaged to raft a small tractor across the Columbia River near Mile 57, Big Bend Highway. A high-line, previously installed across the river, was to be used to guide the raft across the river. The line consisted of a 1 Vs -inch steel cable, equipped with a bridle or A-frame for attaching the raft. In the high water of the previous spring the raft which had been in use was swept away and the A-frame damaged. This left most of the cable in the water, allowing brush, roots, and other debris to collect on it. The bridle was in the centre of the cable, covered with debris. This was the situation with which Shiosaki had to contend before taking the raft across the river. On Wednesday morning, November 11th, all logs necessary for the raft had been skidded to the east bank of the river. The intention was to clean and tighten the cable and use the bridle in building the raft. The cable was tightened with the use of the tractor, with about 30 feet slack taken in. The cable was above the water, but had a considerable amount of debris on it. To clean the cable it was decided to lower the cable to the water and clean it by using a boat. At about 11 a.m., Shiosaki and one man proceeded out on the river in a 16-foot boat and commenced clearing the cable. A 30-foot river boat equipped with life-jackets was available at the time. At a point near the centre, about 100 feet from the shore, they worked on a large root from the downstream side of the cable. When they freed the root, the cable whipped and capsized the boat. Both men grabbed hold of the cable and the boat went down stream. S. High, the man with Shiosaki, climbed along the top of the cable until he reached shallow water. He dropped into the water and reached the shore with the help of the third man of the party, Howard Crowe. Meanwhile, Shiosaki had made no attempt to move. After being in the same position for about twenty-five minutes, he started along the cable and reached a point about 30 feet from where the cable came out of the water. At this point he let go of the cable and swam about 30 feet, then went under and was not seen again. No inquest has been held as the body has not been found. Thomas Bahrynowski, aged 26, and employed as a tractor operator at the Cassiar Asbestos Corporation mine, was fatally injured when the tractor he was driving went off the mine road and rolled and slid about 280 feet to a switchback below at about 5.30 a.m. on November 19th, 1959. Bahrynowski had been ordered by his foreman to drive the tractor from the No. 1 switchback on the Cassiar mine road up to the mine to refuel it, and then leave it at No. 6 switchback for the use of the following shift. About one and a half hours later the foreman, returning up the mine road, noticed the tractor between Nos. 1 and 2 switchbacks. On continuing up the road, he found the body of the deceased about 85 feet below a point on No. 2 switchback where the tractor tracks indicated that the tractor had gone over the bank. Death was due to multiple internal and external injuries. 240 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 It was brought out at the inquest that Bahrynowski had reported five hours late for work after driving from Watson Lake. He had had only four hours sleep during the fifty hours prior to his death, and probably about twenty minutes sleep during the thirty hours prior to the accident. It was also brought out that while driving to Cassiar from Watson Lake during the early morning of November 19th, Bahrynowski fell asleep at the wheel of his car, thus causing it to leave the road, but causing no material damage. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of accidental death. Colin L. Faircrest, aged about 45, married, and owner and manager of Rupert Drilling and Exploration Company, was fatally injured by a fall while moving a diamond-drill machine on December 9th on the Ford Iron claims on Blacksand Creek, a tributary of Zeballos River. Mr. Faircrest's company was engaged to do diamond-drill exploration for International Iron Mines Ltd. At the time of the accident, the portable diamond-drill machine, weighing approximately 1,700 pounds, was being moved to a new setup. In making the move, it was necessary to let the drill down a steep hillside, varying in slope from 45 to 60 degrees. The drill had been let down with the %-inch winch cable on the machine and with a V.-inch cable as a safety line. The drill was approximately 40 feet above a narrow trail, along which it was intended to move the drill to its new location, when Faircrest instructed his crew to remove the ..-inch cable and substitute for it a ..-inch nylon rope. At the same time, he inquired how much cable remained on the %-inch cable drum. He was advised there was one turn remaining on the drum. He instructed his crew to continue letting out the % -inch cable, but, as it was being let out, the cable pulled out of the cappel. At the same time, the nylon rope broke and the machine commenced sliding down the hill. Faircrest was behind the machine endeavouring to hold it back. On reaching the trail, the machine capsized and rolled end-over-end down the hill and finally, about 200 feet below, dropped into a canyon. Faircrest rolled down the slope after the machine and then fell over a waterfall about 15 feet high, landing on some boulders at the foot of the waterfall. His crew, on reaching him, noted that his head was crushed. The doctor performing the autopsy stated that death had been instantaneous as a result of a crushed skull. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of accidental death with no blame attached to anyone. A rider recommended that the use of nylon rope was not satisfactory for the purpose for which it was being used. Peter Vraa, aged 51, single, and employed as a miner at the Aurum mine of The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, was fatally injured by a fall of rock on December 30th at 11.05 a.m. in the 2850-24a stope. The 2850-24A stope is a cut-and-fill stope developed on a steeply dipping 2-foot-wide quartz vein. The stope at the time of the accident was approximately 200 feet long and the width varied from 3 to 10 feet. Vraa and his helper arrived at this working place shortly after 8 a.m. on December 30th. They had drilled off and blasted the previous day (there was no cross-shift), and thus Vraa spent some time scaling down the back and the hangingwall. He then started loading ore into a wheelbarrow and wheeling it to a chute. At 10.20 a.m. the working place was visited by the manager and shiftboss and all was found in order. The stope was systematically timbered with posts and stulls, but the place where Vraa was working had not yet been timbered. No loose rock was evident. By 11 a.m. Vraa had drilled five short holes. His helper was returning from dumping the wheelbarrow when he heard a groan. He found Vraa lying semiconscious with a slab of rock across his leg. Help was immediately obtained, but INSPECTION OF MINES 241 at no time did Vraa speak, and he apparently died very quickly from what later was determined as extensive internal injuries. Investigation disclosed that directly above where Vraa was working a slip crosses the stope, making an angle of about 30 degrees with the vein. This slip would not presumably have been visible prior to the accident. It seems probable that the vibration of the drilling loosened a large slab on the hangingwall, which fell from this concealed slip. When the slab fell, it broke into five or six pieces, each weighing about 100 pounds. Vraa was evidently struck, but fell clear of the rock, as only one piece was on one of his legs when he was found. FATAL ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS INVOLVING LOSS OF TIME Eighteen fatal accidents and 141 accidents involving a loss of time of seven days or more were reported to the Department. These were investigated and reported on by the Inspectors of Mines. The following three tables classify these accidents as to cause, occupation, and as to the parts of the body injured. The fourth table lists all fatal and compensable accidents which occurred in lode mines over a ten-year period and relates these accidents to the number of persons employed and tons mined. Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to Cause Number of Percentage Cause Accidents of Total Falls of ground 37 23.2 Breaking of staging, ladders, etc 2 1.3 Falls of material and flying material 5 3.1 Falls from ladders, stagings, etc 3 1.9 Slipping and falling 30 18.9 Lifting and handling material, etc 31 19.5 Machinery and tools 32 20.1 Run of ore or waste 3 1.9 Burns and shock 3 1.9 Miscellaneous 13 8.2 Totals 159 100.0 242 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to the Occupation of Those Injured Number of Percentage Occupation Accidents of Total Underground— Chutemen 4 2.5 Haulagemen 15 9.4 Miners 68 42.7 Muckers 10 6.3 Timbermen 10 6.3 Repairmen 3 1.9 Trackmen and pipe-fitters 1 0.6 Skip-tenders 5 3.1 Supervisors and staff 1 0.6 Miscellaneous 6 3.8 Surface— Shops 7 4.4 Mill 7 4.4 Quarries 11 6.9 Surface, general 11 6.9 Totals 159 100.0 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to Parts of the Body Injured Number of Percentage Location Accidents of Total Head and neck 21 13.2 Eyes 6 3.8 Trunk 23 14.5 Back (including shoulders) 24 15.1 Arms (including wrists) 6 3.8 Hands and fingers 25 15.7 Legs and ankles 32 20.1 Feet 18 11.3 Asphyxia 4 2.5 Totals 159 100.0 Compensable Non-fatal Accidents Related to Tons Mined and Men Employed Year Number of Accidents Number of Persons Employed Frequency per 1,000 Persons Tons Mined Tons Mined per Accident 1950 953 1,131 1,327 899 718 679 615 535 396 310 7,073 8,787 9,610 7,105 6,293 6,208 6,507 5,678 4,353 4,316 135 129 139 125 114 109 94 94 91 72 6,802,482 6,972,400 9,174,617 9.660,281 8,513,865 9,126,902 8,827,037 7,282,436 6,402,198 6,990,985 7,130 1951 6,170 1952 6,910 1953 10,750 1954 1955 ... 11,850 13,450 1956 1957 1958 1959.. , 14,350 13,600 16,200 22,550 Note.—This table differs from a similar table published in the Annual Report for 1958 in that the previous table included accidents which occurred at the Trail smelter. INSPECTION OF MINES 243 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES Eighteen dangerous occurrences were reported as required by section 9 of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act and were investigated by the Inspectors of Mines. This compares with the twenty-two reported for 1958. Of these occurrences, eight were connected with hoisting; five with explosives; one with haulage; one with run of ore; and three, miscellaneous. During January, 1959, hydrogen sulphide gas was detected by smell in the north end of the 1900 level of the Yale mine. The source was in recently drilled diamond-drill holes which had encountered a large flow of slightly warmed water. The lead-acetate test indicated the amount of gas was quite small. On January 31st, 1959, two workmen returned to the scene of a blast at the Britannia mine before the charge detonated. Apparently the workman responsible had assumed that the sound of another blast was his own. One of the workmen was slightly injured. On March 5th, 1959, one of the cages at the Victoria shaft of the Britannia mine was hoisted unexpectedly, apparently on signal from the other hoisting compartment. The warning bells and lights in the hoistroom were working properly. The hoistman was relieved of his duties. No one was injured. On March 12th, 1959, the east side cage in the Victoria shaft of the Britannia mine hung up while being lowered. The location was a point 90 feet below the 2900 level. About 1,000 feet of rope was run out and was badly kinked on rewinding. It was replaced. Men were being transported at the time of the incident, but fortunately the safety dogs functioned satisfactorily. On March 16th, 1959, a snowslide took place on the narrow-gauge surface railway of the Torbrit Silver mine. Heavy rain, preceded by 1 foot of fresh snow, appears to have precipitated the slide. A 50-foot length of snowshed which covered the railway was destroyed. No equipment or men were involved. On April 1st, 1959, the west side cage in the Victoria shaft of the Britannia mine hung up while being lowered, at a point in the shaft 30 feet below the 2800 level. Some rope was run out and a kink occurred on rewinding. A length of 34 feet was cut off the rope to remove the kink. On June 1st, 1959, a workman received injuries to the head and chest when he walked into an improperly guarded blast underground at the Torbrit Silver mine. On June 5th, 1959, the Crown hoist at the Bralorne mine overspeeded while the north side cage was being lowered empty on a trip which was to move the cage from the 800 level to the 2500 level. At about the 1700 level, the power tripped off, reportedly from overspeed, but the brakes did not apply automatically. The hoist continued to gain speed under the combined weight of the cage and rope until the air resistance in the shaft prevented further acceleration. This allowed the dogs to come into action and stop the cage just above the 2600 level. The rope continued to pay out and, as the last turn came off the drum, it sheared off at its point of connection. The hoist coasted to a stop, the number of revolutions being equal to about eighteen levels measured on the depth indicator. Four guides, the motor windings on both the stator and rotor, and the rope were damaged. The hoistman claimed that he saw the brake start to apply and, while waiting for the hoist to stop, automatically pressed the reset button to close the breaker in readiness to put the hoist in motion again. At about this time the windings started to fly apart. The hoistman did not make any attempt to use the manual brakes. Examination of the hoist after the event revealed that the weight which trips the north side brake had not fallen. On being touched, it dropped. The 244 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 brake latch was tripped. How the brake latch would be tripped without the weight falling on it could not be explained. The motor windings on both the stator and rotor were damaged, as was the hoisting-rope and four guides in the shaft. It is evident that the hoistman should not take his attention from the hoist while it is in motion. It is thought that manual operation of the brakes should always be attempted when a hoist commences to overspeed. Also, no hoist should be run single drum unless it is equipped with an auxiliary brake which is applied automatically, and also by application of the master switch. On June 20th, 1959, the south side skip in the No. 5 inclined shaft of the Pioneer mine became stuck in the shaft. The hoistman was not immediately aware of this, and slack rope accumulated on the drum of the hoist. The skip then dislodged itself, pulling some of the slack cable off the drum. No men were being handled. Damage was slight. On July 26th, 1959, an explosion occurred while a miner was drilling at the face of the Merry Widow pit of Empire Mining. Five 35-foot horizontal holes had previously been drilled, and three of these had been loaded with explosives. The miner was drilling the sixth hole several feet away, and the hole had reached a depth of 34 feet when one of the loaded holes exploded. The miner's injuries were superficial scratches, but 20 tons of rock was caved by the blast. It is thought a fissure extended between the holes, and this allowed some explosive to fall from the loaded hole into the path of the hole which was being drilled. On August 19th, 1959, a cage-tender at the Torbrit Silver mine received injuries on being pinned between the cage and the shaft timbering when the cage was hoisted unexpectedly. The accident was due to a misinterpretation of signals. The cage-tender had given a three-bell signal when the cage arrived at a level, but the hoistman had been anticipating a five-bell release signal. The hoistman was subsequently dismissed. About September 6th, 1959, the large spur gear on the counter-shaft of the hoist at the Giant Nickel mine broke. No one was being transported at the time and no other damage was done. On October 10th, 1959, the floating washing plant of Kumhila Exploration Co. Ltd. capsized and sank in 35 feet of water. The dragline was feeding the washing plant at one end with a 5-cubic-yard bucket when the hopper became blocked and was rapidly filled. The discharge conveyor at the other end of the plant became empty at the same time, and this allowed the plant to sink at the hopper end. The covers on the front-end pontoons were off for cleaning purposes, and thus the pontoons rapidly filled with water so that the plant then capsized and sank. All personnel had time to leave the plant before it sank. On October 15th, 1959, a detonator exploded in a working place at the Pioneer mine while two men were on site. They had returned to the scene after reblasting three missed holes when the incident occurred. They had relighted the old fuse, using thermolite, and it is presumed an undiscovered capped fuse became ignited in some manner. The igniting of missed holes by relighting the old fuse is not a good practice. One of the workmen sustained minor injuries. On October 23rd, 1959, the axle of one of the sheave wheels in the No. 3 shaft at the Pioneer mine failed while the skip was travelling empty down the shaft. The hoistman noticed a slackening in the rope and brought the hoist to a stop before any further damage was done. The failure appeared to be due to fatigue, there being three distinct periods of fracture. On November 7th, 1959, a train collision occurred on the 4100 level of the Britannia mine. Two men were injured. The accident was caused by one of the INSPECTION OF MINES 245 train crews proceeding against a block light without having made the customary daily agreement with the other train crew. On December 10th, 1959, an explosion occurred during mucking operations at the Paxton pit of Texada Mines Ltd. The bucket of the shovel apparently struck an unexploded cutoff hole or loose explosive in the broken ore, causing it to detonate. No one was injured and damage to the shovel was slight. On November 10th, 1959, a miner was buried at the Bluebell mine when the muck pile on which he was standing to replace an eye bolt gave way under him. He was carried down a raise and covered with 18 feet of muck. He was discovered in about thirty minutes, but rescue operations took three hours. PROSECUTIONS A workman at Bralorne was prosecuted at Lillooet on December 5th, 1959, under General Rule 151 of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act in that, not being an authorized person, he operated shaft signals on October 14th, 1959. He pleaded guilty and was fined $20. The general manager was charged for committing the same offence under section 38 (2), but the case was dismissed when prosecuted at Lillooet on March 11th, 1960. BLASTING CERTIFICATE SUSPENSIONS There were violations of the provisions of the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act in regard to the use of explosives and blasting procedure. One offender had his provisional certificate suspended indefinitely, and another offender received a two months' suspension of his permanent certificate. EXPLOSIVES USED IN MINES The table below shows the quantities of explosives and blasting accessories used in metal mines and quarries in British Columbia in 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, and 1959:— High explosives (lb.) — - Blasting-caps _ Electric blasting-caps Delay electric blasting-caps (short period) — — Delay electric blasting-caps (sure-fire delays andX107 delays) Primacord (ft.) B-line detonating fuse (ft.)— Safety fuse (ft.) Ignitercord (ft.) Ignitercord connectors Ammonium nitrate " Hydromex "... — " Amex " _ — _ 1955 Total 8,420,791 1,982,900 151,685 283,000 144,875 399,000 17,744,900 418,800 371,000 1956 Total 8,560,000 2,184,000 52,000 205,000 263,000 226,000 2,436,000 17,218,000 498,000 563,000 1957 Total 7,103,000 1,676,000 64,000 160,000 127,000 261,000 2,049,000 13,367,000 639,000 750,000 5,000 1958 Total 5,485,000 1,244,000 84,000 129,000 128,000 574,000 2,197,000 11,272,000 469,000 610,000 190,000 1959 Total 6,319,000 1,587,000 46,000 157,000 153,000 592,000 1,972,000 11,411,000 775,000 865,000 872,000 325,000 20,000 1959 Mines Quarries 6,008,000 1,483,000 32,000 148,000 151,000 415,000 1,738,000 10,941,000 775,000 859,000 770,000 312,000 20,000 311,000 104,000 14,000 9,000 2,000 177,000 234,000 470,000 6,000 102,000 13,000 The quantity of high explosives used increased 10 per cent over that used in 1958, when the consumption was the lowest since 1947. The use of ammonium nitrate increased fourfold over that in 1958. This compound, when sensitized with fuel-oil, constitutes a powerful explosive. As such the preparation comes under the control of the Chief Inspector of Explosives at Ottawa. Written permission must first be obtained from him before the blasting agent can be mixed or used. Permis- 246 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 sion must also be obtained from the Chief Inspector of Mines, Victoria, when the blasting agent is used in mines and quarries in British Columbia. Two permits were issued in 1959, bringing the total to eight issued to open-pit mines and quarries. The main condition of the permits was that the blending of " prilled " ammonium nitrate with fuel oil take place on site as it is being loaded into the bore-hole, or within a few hours of its use. An innovation in prepared mixtures sold by a manufacturer were the compounds "Amex " and " Hydromex." "Amex " is essentially a mixture of ammonium nitrate and carbon black, while " Hydromex " is a slurry of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, TNT, and water. Sensitized ammonium nitrate mixtures are not permissible explosives for underground use. DUST CONTROL AND VENTILATION Problems in dust control and ventilation have continued to receive the attention of mine operators and Government departments. Dust counts and ventilation surveys were made by the staff of the Chief Inspector, Silicosis Branch of the Workmen's Compensation Board, and the results of these surveys made available to the Inspectors of Mines. The following information is taken from his report, " Summary of Dust Conditions at British Columbia Metalliferous Mines during the Year 1959":— "1. During the year 1959, sixty-seven ventilation and dust control surveys were made at the metalliferous mines of British Columbia. These were made at forty-four mining operations. " 2. The main object of this inspection work is to lower the amount of dust breathed by the workmen as much as possible. It is not known what concentration of silica dust is considered safe to breathe without producing silicosis as several other factors besides the dust concentration must be taken into consideration. The figure of 300 particles per c.c. of air has been chosen as an objective to work towards. When this figure is attained, it indicates a very great improvement over conditions existing several years ago. " 3. Blasting operations produce dense concentrations of dust but the workmen are generally not subjected to this dust or subjected to it for short periods of time only. Most of the blasting operations can be arranged to occur at the ends of the shifts and allow sufficient time for ventilation to remove the dust from the workings before the following shift goes to work. A certain amount of blasting operations, such as in chutes, may be considered necessary so that the production of ore may not be interfered with but this should be reduced to the very minimum. " 4. Stoper drilling operations underground consistently produce the highest concentrations of dust during the time the men are working. The dust counts used to be 2000 or more particles per c.c. of air at these operations. Eighty-eight per cent of the surveys made in 1959 gave averages of less than 1000 particles. "5. At leyner, jackleg and plugger drilling operations underground the dust concentrations are not as high as at stoper drilling operations. Since most of the surveys gave less than 1000 particles, it is probably better to adopt the figure of 500 particles for the purpose of comparison. Fifty-seven per cent of the surveys gave averages of less than 500 particles per c.c. of air. " 6. The averages for 'All Other Underground Locations' are very satisfactory. Eighty-four per cent of the surveys made during 1959 gave averages of less than 300 particles. The percentages for the past ten years have remained fairly constant, varying between 76% and 93%. This condition is particularly satisfactory when considering the fact that the great majority of the men work in this lower dust concentration. INSPECTION OF MINES 247 "7. The dust concentrations in the crushing plants during 1952 were not satisfactory. During 1953 and subsequent years, a special effort was made to control the dust in these plants and satisfactory results have been obtained. Sixty per cent of the surveys made in 1959 gave averages of less than 300 particles per c.c. of air. "8. Sixty-four per cent of the surveys made in assay grinding rooms gave averages of less than 300 particles. " 9. The percentage of certificates of fitness held by the employers for their workmen who require a medical examination has steadily increased during the past six years. In 1959, certificates in good standing for 96.2 per cent of the workmen who require same were held by the employers. This is a very satisfactory condition as there are numerous difficulties to overcome. " 10. Aluminum powder prophylaxis treatments for the prevention of silicosis were given at five mines during the year. No aluminum therapy treatments were given at the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Workmen's Compensation Board in Vancouver, to men who have silicosis. "11. The main measures for dust prevention, suppression and elimination are receiving good attention at the mines. The more important of these are good ventilation, thorough wetting of the rock before it is handled in any manner, not subjecting the workmen to dust and fumes from blasting operations, using good exhaust systems in crushing plants and assay grinding rooms, etc. Full application of all these measures at all times has not been obtained but the results obtained have been quite satisfactory." MINE RESCUE, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID During 1959 the mine-rescue stations at Cumberland, Fernie, Nelson, and Princeton were fully maintained, and an instructor, qualified in mine rescue and first aid, was on duty at each station. Each station is equipped with sufficient self- contained oxygen breathing apparatus to maintain at least two mine-rescue teams of six men each should any emergency in near-by mines arise. The equipment consists of McCaa two-hour apparatus and Chemox % -hour apparatus, as well as all- service gas-masks, self-rescuers, methane and carbon monoxide detectors, inha- lators, and a complete supply of first-aid equipment. Supplies and facilities for charging and servicing all this equipment are maintained. The station at Cumberland is maintained to serve coal mines in the area. There were no emergency calls for the apparatus during 1959, but three requests for oxygen—two from the local hospital and one from the Cumberland fire department—were promptly complied with. A truck is kept at the station for emergency purposes. The station at Princeton still provides assistance to the community, but a mobile unit was obtained in 1957 to give service over a wider area. Mine-rescue and first-aid training was given at Britannia, Pioneer, Bralorne, Highland-Bell, Bethlehem Copper, Phoenix Copper, and Craigmont mines. The general public in the vicinity of these mines also received first-aid instruction. Travelling amounted to approximately 10,000 miles. The mobile mine-rescue unit stationed at Nelson continued to be of assistance in promoting and giving instruction in mine rescue and first aid at mines in the East and West Kootenay areas. Mine-rescue courses were held at Silverton, and the H.B., Canadian Exploration, Bluebell, and Mineral King mines. Mine-rescue practices were held, when practical, at all mines in the district. Assistance at first- aid classes was given at Salmo, Nelson, Procter, New Denver, and Toby Creek. 248 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Fire departments at Nelson, Salmo, and New Denver were given help in apparatus training. The mobile unit gave ambulance service to an accident on a highway. The mine-rescue station at Fernie is maintained principally to serve the coal mines in the area, but assistance in mine-rescue training is also given to personnel of the Sullivan mine at Kimberley. The training of new men for mine-rescue work in coal or metal mines continued in 1959 as well as the maintenance of monthly practices for teams. Assistance was given in the first-aid classes at Fernie. There were no emergency calls for the apparatus. In addition to the mine-rescue equipment maintained at the Government mine- rescue stations, there are sets of McCaa or Chemox apparatus at the Sullivan, Canadian Exploration, Michel, Bridge River, Cariboo Gold Quartz, H.B., Bluebell, Reeves MacDonald, Britannia, Western Nickel, Violamac, and Mineral King mines. A district instructor makes periodic checks of this equipment. A certificate of competency in mine-rescue work is granted to each man who takes the full training course and passes the examination set by the Department of Mines. During 1959, in addition to the regular teams in training, forty-nine men took the full course and were granted certificates, as follows:— Certificate No. 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 Name John Mahonen William W. Kinakin.. Harry Kinakin_ George F. Mackus William E. Olson Raymond Davison.. _ Andrew S. Leathwood- Henry K. Hawkins David C. Reynolds Frederick Hamilton Joseph Gawryluk Eugene Gonet- Bernard Locke Joe Schurek | Adrian John Kesler.. j Stanley Pedley Michael Fryters- Roland Trevor Trenaman.. Harold Cecil Tapp John Robert Barrie Albert Dellert Edward Flegel Cecil Edward Ross Fred Wacheck Roy Gerome Crutchley Where Trained Salmo. Salmo. Salmo. Lake Cowichan. Duncan. Lake Cowichan. Lake Cowichan. Lake Cowichan. Lake Cowichan. Cumberland. Union Bay. Silverton. Silverton. Nelson. Silverton. New Denver. Silverton. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Riondel. Riondel. Certificate No. 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 Name Albert Fichten James Shaw Lemmon Thomas Burton Holmes- George Gruelich Alex P. Mill Bertram Arthur McCon- achie.. John Francis Mclntyre. George Vooro. Rae Thomas Brian Buckley Roy Smith Walter Norman Anderson . Boleslaw Awgulowicz _ William D. Rorison .._ Robert Stanley Reilly I Herbert Bischler _ _ Reynold Dortman Louis Samuel Ennis Harold Edson Sutherland— Francesco Salviulo _. John Paul Dortman Hugh Francis Muise David Smith William Cuthbert Robinson. Where Trained Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Britannia Beach. Toby Creek. Toby Creek. Bralorne. Ymir. Salmo. Fernie. Toby Creek. Toby Creek. Savona. Crawford Bay. Kootenay Bay. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Riondel. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. The Mine Safety Associations in different centres of the Province, sponsored by the Department of Mines and aided by company officials, safety supervisors, Inspectors of Mines, and mine-rescue instructors, continued to promote mine-rescue, first-aid, and safety education in their respective districts. The Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held its forty-fifth annual competition in Cumberland on May 30th, 1959. Three teams competed—two from the Tsable River mine and a visiting team from the Bralorne mine. The winning team was from the Tsable River mine and was captained by J. Thomson. The Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Kamloops on June 6th, 1959. Five teams took part in this competition. They represented Bralorne (two teams), Cariboo Gold Quartz, Bethlehem Copper, and Britannia. A Bralorne team, captained by J. Greer, took first place. The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Fernie on June 13th, 1959. Four teams took part in this competition—two from INSPECTION OF MINES 249 Kimberley, one from Fernie, and one from Michel. First place was won by the Fernie team, captained by A. Littler. The West Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Castlegar on June 20th, 1959. Five teams took part in this competition—two from the Bluebell mine, one from Canadian Exploration Limited, one from the H.B. mine, and one from the Reeves MacDonald mine. A Bluebell team, captained by B. Ramage, took first place. At all meets, competitions were held in first-aid as well as mine-rescue work. In these competitions, events were held for women and juniors. Representatives from other industries and organizations not necessarily directly connected with mining also participated. Competitions were also sponsored by mining companies. Two first-aid competitions were held in the Bridge River—one in April at Bralorne by Bralorne Mines Limited, and one in November at Pioneer by the Bridge River Valley Mine Safety Association. In May, The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, held a mine-rescue competition at Chapman Camp as an elimination contest for entry in the annual competitions of the East Kootenay Mine Safety Association. The fourth Provincial mine-rescue competition was held at Kamloops on June 27th, 1959. The winning teams from the Cumberland, Kamloops, Castlegar, and Fernie events competed for a trophy and silver trays. The event was won by the Fernie team, captained by A. Littler. In conjunction with this competition, the Workmen's Compensation Board sponsored the third Provincial men's first-aid competition and St. John Ambulance sponsored the first Provincial ladies' first-aid competition. Teams competed which had won local events at Cumberland, Kamloops, Castlegar, Fernie, Victoria, and Vancouver. The men's winning team was from Warfield Engineering, The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, and was captained by F. E. Paul. The ladies' winning team was from Bralorne mine and was captained by Mrs. R. Cameron. JOHN T. RYAN TROPHY The John T. Ryan Regional Safety Award for the metal mine with the lowest accident-frequency record for 1959 was won by the H.B. mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, at Salmo. To win this trophy the H.B. mine completed the year without a single compensable accident. This record also won the Dominion Ryan Trophy the second year in a row, a record not equalled in British Columbia. The company's safety organization, officials, and employees deserve high praise for this achievement. The 1959 regional safety award for coal mines was won by the Tsable River mine of Canadian Collieries Resources Limited, near Cumberland. This is the fifth year in succession that this mine has won the award. The company's safety programme thus continues to be quite effective. WEST KOOTENAY MINE SAFETY ASSOCIATION TROPHY The West Kootenay Mine Safety Association in 1951 donated a safety trophy for annual competition in order to encourage and promote safety in small mines not eligible for the John T. Ryan awards. At first the trophy was restricted to mines in the West Kootenay area, but in 1956 this restriction was removed. The award is made to the mine having the lowest accident rate and working a total of from 2,500 to 30,000 shifts per year, one-third of these having been 250 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 worked underground. An accident is taken as one which involves more than three days' loss of time. In 1959 the award was won jointly by the Highland-Bell and Violamac mines. Both mines completed the year without a single compensable accident. This is a most commendable record, especially when it is noted that both mines have won the trophy in other years—once for Highland-Bell and three times for Violamac. The trophy was presented at a joint meeting of the West Kootenay Mine Safety Association and the Nelson branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy in Nelson on March 26th, 1960. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING ASSOCIATION, SAFETY DIVISION In 1955 the Mining Association of British Columbia set up a Safety Division with the object of promoting and assisting in establishing and maintaining effective safety programmes at its member mines. These programmes have been quite effective since 1955, as indicated by a steady yearly reduction in the frequency rate of accidents. The record in 1959 was marred by eighteen fatal accidents, but the frequency of compensable accidents was the lowest on record. R. B. King, a former Inspector of Mines, took over as Safety Director from I. H. Sloane, who left for a position with the Canadian Johns Manville Company. Visits were made by the Safety Director to member mines. Monthly accident statistics were compiled and issued to member mines. A safety seminar for supervisors was held in Vancouver. Coal By Robert B. Bonar, Deputy Chief Inspector of Mines CONTENTS Production Labour and Employment Competition from Coal Produced outside of British Columbia Accidents in and around Coal Mines Explosives Machine-mined Coal ___ _ _ Pace 251 255 255 255 259 259 Safety Lamps. _ _ _____ 260 Electricity Inspection Committees Coal Dust ___ __ __ 260 260 260 Diesel Locomotives — _____ 260 Millisecond Delay Detonators .. _____ 261 Dangerous Occurrences Bumps and Outbursts Prosecutions 261 261 .. 261 Supervision of Coal Mines _. __ __ __ _ 261 Board of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials Notes on Coal Mines— Vancouver Tsland Tnst.ect.ion District 262 _fi_ Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 265 East Kootenay Inspection District 267 Northern Inspection District 273 PRODUCTION The gross output in short tons of the coal mines of the Province for 1959 was 757,628 tons, a decrease of 125,334 tons or 14.2 per cent from 1958. A total of 110,840 tons came from strip mines at Michel and Tent Mountain. The Vancouver Island District produced 149,668 tons, a decrease of 32,636 tons or 17.9 per cent from 1958. The Northern District production was 8,843 tons, an increase of 516 tons or 6.2 per cent over 1958. The Nicola-Princeton District production was 1,577 tons, an increase of 888 tons or 128.8 per cent over 1958. The East Kootenay District production was 597,540 tons, a decrease of 94,102 tons or 13.6 per cent from 1958. 251 252 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Output and per Capita Production, 1959 Colliery and Mine Tsable River Colliery... Chambers No. 5 mine.. Loudon No. 6 mine Lewis mine (Timberlands) Carruthers and Wakelem No. 3_ Stronach mine Undun mine _ Extension mine (Brodrick).. Big Flame mine White mine Princeton Blue Flame No. 3 . Coldwater mine Bulkley Valley Collieries . Reschke mine Gething No. 3 mine Michel Colliery (underground).. Michel Colliery (strip).. Coleman Collieries (strip) 3 3 O ai V u O 0 « OS.* 146,225 761 630 801 308 408 449 11 15 68 1,161 416 5,524 235 3,084 486,700 82,521 28,319 183 145 159 166 100 123 120 20 14 59 200 112 115 50 162 165 165 112 II -J i___ oC Ho 280 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 17 3 6 694 15 15 II oh D B- 2.85 1.75 1.98 1.61 1.54 1.66 1.87 2.90 1.85 2.82 1.56 3.17 4.24 33.34 16.85 3 V es 3 O OH HE'S __§H 522 254 315 267 154 204 225 580 208 325 78 514 701 5,501 1,888 _. c _> on __ O t-i Eg-o 3 E c 205 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 12 2 4 516 3 JL <_» ogg fill n c E 3.89 2.62 1.98 1.61 1.54 1.66 1.87 2.90 1.85 4.00 2.34 4.75 5.75 25 S III _"£ _ ><5W 713 380 315 267 154 204 225 580 208 460 117 771 943 District Output and per Capita Production, Underground Mines, 1959 District Gross Output Mined during Year (Tons) Total Number of Employees at Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Employee (Tons) Number of Men Employed Underground in Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Underground Employee (Tons) Vancouver Island — 149,668 1,577 8,843 486,700 302 4 26 694 496 394 340 701 226 4 19 516 662 394 Northern _— 465 943 646,788 1,026 630 765 845 Output per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1950-59 Year Man-shifts1 Tonnage Average per Man-shift (Tons) 1950 460,159 442,170 383,422 333,922 280,353 304,139 307,821 226,536 204,148 171,608 1,481,813 1,434,974 1,388,732 1,171,932 1,064,023 1,157,813 1,100,434 945,848 728,722 646,788 3.22 1951 - 3.24 1952 - 3.62 1953 ... 3.51 1954 3.79 1955 3.86 1956 3.57 1957 —. - 4.17 1958 3.56 1959 3.77 1 Includes both surface and underground workers. COAL 253 Z i2 H f. O a on « Q Z < w 2 w o U rn z" o H « 2 H 05 Q Z < z o >-. H o D Q O (. PL, as as < 3 § J O U a tn H 2 « I. o W 2 S o U 3 o Coal Sold and Used1 Ov v£ cn e re VC -- oo co a © © o tJ co cn Tt n r- © en ■~ VC VO •- r r u 5,453 235 3,084 r. CO 00 Tt oo r. vo l> vo in «h r. m CN (N Tt ri Tt ■n © ©" vO u 7. O -3 SD'-'O^-OOCOON'-'C^OO mvom©©©TtT-« vo • co t. ■* f rn cn Os t- ^c VO en »-" vo r so t-. r en »n t io rn w T t CS © ■T m tn co' 00 Tt Tt en o^(> riin en r. CN vO_ CO tn © OS 8 in VO Ov" r4 [ u I! \\ J I 1 1 5 i © ; ci 1 VO j 8 (N VO 8 VO | | I 1 ! i j ; 1 1 ri r~ 9_> < O ! §" ! as © ©' Tt as Tt SO CN 8 ©" CN CN P* © T? r- Tt o\\ m ■a c n I. c a U iOHOHOOCO^-HhW rnvomOoO^t'-H vo " m i in | r- »n m 00 (N VO cN Ov Tt ~ t. -J O^ r- m Tt ri r. j i i i j 1 m i i r. CN OS I CN | Tt ] as m Tt vo r^ VO CN r^ oo* CN •2- |2s *._£ o* en p m CN i o in fN : vo ! v. VO ! VO vo r. ; o\\ ; CN r- to cn vo VO Os" CN Tt m cn CN ■sf. S2U I 1 j ! i ! 1 1 j i! 11 I j 1 °_ r- CN Ov M r- Ov i ; Used Under Companies' Boilers, etc. VO cn 1 i i i j | VD ! 1 i ; CO © cn cc ©" ! ! i __ 3 ONrHO^HOOOO^THt^OO OsvOcn©©©Tt.-t vo CM VO -_■' m i-l VO f vo i- r — rt u ■* m -* c. m oo 1 w\\c. © i m tn 00 cc m Tt Tt cn CN t~; r-^in —1 CN °V, ri Tt in Tt © OO oo vo Tt m Tt en * 3 «__ £1. VO r. © in so r. O >n r. © t in m" tn Tt _<-. T-l OV CN rH tN rn Os oo VO CN >n © tJ r~-' OS ir, 00 CN VO t-' m r- Tt m Tt cn g 1 ■d ** U £ i.og ^ is 11 i •1 in 0 Z « i I G i c _ ~ C r a X E V .s E y- C 2 I s 1 a e q 1 i t et _ a. c 1 i c H "C T c t- a 4. E 'i | * tt. J E 0 a. c i a. 1 Q X) c -2 3 5 o Q > M O H 'V. u *• .£ c Q c §2 *■ a- S E c « . - 8 5 z | l_ C a 0. i i 5 c o t> 3 i o O z H u ■*- V in g °. c ^ 5 c Ct > > 3 £ i c 1 i «. 6 z i bo « 1 0 o *C S d M U C o Z « o H 11 •a « ► .•d . c 4. O 3 ,su. •s l& __ o^ S^ D9 3 C CJ £ * b all UJ £ --. 0 a> ,_ 1 a M V a> O 0 d N •E u 0 0 co s >. rt C u o o M W CA 73 o H O _ C "3 > o o 1 (A c e5 c5 1. 1 h3 j 0 ! 9 _ i *_ rt 1 o i. O U ZJ o « ol -1 H 254 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 OwflnNrJN«-p( N mm ^ H^ cn vo c* © C13 00 "i .ir>-H j | 1 i | : : i VO : | m »-i w ^_, oE | : ! ! i i i Q Z < rt o •3l—1 Tt on CO W 2 H* 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 N Tt i i "flHrl tN fS , , r. i i rl VOTt Tt oo n j | ! ! 1 j CO j cn as H CO Q cf : i 1 Tt «n 1 | m Ov CO M 4) G * i 1 1 ! 1 1 1 M 1 i 1 i a 1 1 - 53 < 1 1 i 1 II 1 1 11 j 1 I | | ; j 1 1 1 1 I w a _ ' ' 1 ' 1 o cn : ii Tt ■n | | m Ov u \\ £ 1 J5 n PL, »-. ■»-. r. \\0 *h tn © r-* VO p. z co h's CN " a 1 ! m CN Ov tn 1 d 9 «" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j j | | j i i i ! 1 1 ! 1 ___, __, N VO ems m OS r. I i CN cn OS .gjC „„ __, __, CN TTCS.H ".Hrl ov C73 tn m *n o\\ <: is 9 n Tt 0 < MMM!! 1 cn 3 »-. c. r» ^ w cn ; i II .-I o ti~ CN cn 1 j cn vo H U j ; *o K 1 | ! 3 8 CO H I ! ; 1—4 2 P. •= I S .2 o CO n . 1. 'u CO J? « II o CO W ■ft 2 3 Hi __ co a .12 rt Q __ e a o S _H .__ ■ft* j o ca i _J '~s 5o| Q CTJ u '> << _r COLLIERI u d § c _-_ ° 3 co _,, _- o r* J-JS *_jl aS p I*- '_ 1 0 z - - J- E 1 o c E _ c Z g g c ct ~L 1 P ol g ■ OJ ►J ,z ! -il _E J.-S C c c. _- < c E g B 0 je E 1 C C q > PQ I E e E CD a a - 1 w 5 m g .E Z I £ § > o E a -s « I . z s-a ^ a S ss si £8 B *c Ph c) o o z « o H o c ^ 5 .* £ E Z v. > "cc > > a. S (X 1 1 ___: __ QJ PS o" Z 1 SP 1 3 o 0 s d i- HJ •B o ™ O h *• — S a o ^ ^* « n O r »- U •O.S 2 ■ a i Cl •ft +_ b _ Z oc "_ uc u _. -: R -a to Ih O o O a s o u a _: o _. pq o il Z 2 3 S Ui V X} i ii 1 . o Z COAL 255 Coal-preparation Plants There were no additions or extensive alterations made to existing plants in 1959. For full details of plants see 1954 Annual Report. Coke-making Coke is made at only one plant in the Province, that of the Michel Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. In August, 1959, work was started on the construction of a new drying plant for the purpose of reducing the moisture content of the coke breeze from approximately 16 per cent to 3 per cent. Briquetting Briquettes are made at only one plant in the Province, that of the Michel Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. There were no alterations or extensions made at this plant during the year. For full details of this plant see 1954 Annual Report. LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT In 1959, 1,056 persons were employed in and about the coal mines of the Province, a decrease of thirty from 1958. Because of the five-day week in force throughout the Province at the larger mines and the legal holidays, the maximum number of working-days was 241. In the Vancouver Island District the one large mine, the Tsable River mine, worked 183 days. In the East Kootenay District the Michel Colliery worked 165 days. COMPETITION FROM COAL PRODUCED OUTSIDE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA In 1959 the shipment of Alberta coal and briquettes to British Columbia totalled 437,118 and 14,385 tons respectively. The following table shows the amount of Alberta coal brought into British Columbia during the past ten years:— Year Short Tons Year Short Tons 1950 873,558 1955 932,764 1951 898,533 1956 860,329 1952 1,021,484 1957 672,527 1953 859,385 1958 532,911 1954 891,194 1959 437,118 Of the 505,910 tons of British Columbia coal marketed, 181,938 tons was sold for domestic and industrial use in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario; 21,031 tons was sold for railroad use in Canada; 40,097 tons was exported to the United States; 62,091 tons was exported to Japan; and 1,398 tons was sold for ships' bunkers. The amount sold for domestic and industrial use in the Province was 199,355 tons. ACCIDENTS IN AND AROUND COAL MINES In 1959 there were two fatal accidents, as compared with none in 1958. The number of fatal accidents per 1,000 persons (underground and strip-mine personnel) employed was 1.89, compared with 0.00 in 1958, 1.45 in 1957, 4.39 in 1956, 3.38 in 1955, 0.69 in 1954, 3.22 in 1953, 1.78 in 1952, 3.11 in 1951, and 2.21 in 1950 256 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The number of fatal accidents per 1,000,000 gross tons of coal (underground and strip-mine coal) produced in 1959 was 2.64, compared with 0.00 in 1958. The following table shows comparative figures for fatal accidents for 1958 and 1959:— Company Colliery 1959 1958 The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. Ltd - 1 1 Tsable River Totals 2 The following two tables classify the fatal accidents in coal mines as to cause and quantity of coal per accident:— Fatal Accidents Classified as to Cause 1959 1958 Cause Number Per Cent Number Per Cent 1 1 50.00 50.00 Totals 2 100.00 Fatal Accidents, Underground Mines, Classified as to Quantity of Coal Mined 1959 1958 Cause Number of Fatal Accidents Coal Mined per Fatal Accident Number of Fatal Accidents Coal Mined per Fatal Accident 1 1 646,788 646,788 .... Crushed between tram and motor.. Totals _ 2 ."> . . Q_. 1 Note.—There were no fatal accidents in strip-mining operations during 1959. Ratio of Fatal Accidents, Underground Mines Accident Death Rate District Per 1,000 Persons Employed Per 1,000,000 Tons of Coal Mined 1959 1958 1959 1958 3.31 1.44 6.68 2.06 Northern , Province, 1959 _. Province, 1958 1.95 3.09 COAL 257 In 1959 there were two fatal accidents at the mines in the Province, both of which occurred underground. On January 15th, 1959, at about 3.45 a.m., Aldo Alexander Cassarini, aged 20, single, and employed as a supplyman in "A" North mine, Michel Colliery, was fatally injured when he was crushed between a locomotive and a car. The accident occurred on No. 4 incline off No. 2 level while the deceased was shunting four empty flat timber-trams with a battery locomotive. The locomotive was pushing the cars at the time, when one or more of the trams were derailed. The end of the car nearest the locomotive tilted and mounted over the buffer of the locomotive, crushing the deceased in the driver's seat. He was removed to the hospital, but died at 7.30 a.m. from severe internal crushing injuries, massive haemorrhage, and shock. The actual cause of the derailment is not known as the trams and locomotive had to be moved to release the deceased. Long rope couplings had been used between the trams, and one of these might have dropped on the track. It is customary to couple the timber-trams with a short link after the timber has been unloaded, but it is doubtful if this was done. It is difficult to see how the timber-tram could have mounted over the buffer of the locomotive if it had been coupled to the locomotive by a short link coupling. It was also the recommended procedure to use a coal-car between the locomotive and timber-trams when the locomotive was pushing. On October 14th, 1959, at about 5.15 a.m., Albert Brown, aged 58, single, and employed as a miner in the Tsable River mine, Comox Colliery, was killed by a fall of top coal. Brown was removing a triangular pillar of coal lying between a shaker-conveyor working place and an old roadway. This pillar had been blasted on a previous shift and was more or less shattered. A bottom bench remained, but there was only a narrow pillar or stump 18 inches wide extending from this bench to the roof. The roof consisted of about 18 inches of top coal, which was being left. However, in the old roadway this top coal had been removed so that its support on that side was the narrow stump of coal left after blasting. This stump suddenly collapsed, allowing the top coal to fall as Brown was loading coal onto the conveyor. Brown received fatal injuries consisting of a broken back and crushed chest. His partner was near by and aid was quickly obtained, but it is considered that he died very soon after the accident occurred. The stump or pillar of coal, only 18 inches wide, should not have been depended upon to act as a support to the load of 18 inches of top coal. Temporary posts should have been erected from the lower bench. Including the foregoing fatal accidents, 145 accidents involving loss of seven days or more were reported to the Department by the management of the various mines. All these accidents were investigated and reported on by the District Inspectors of Mines. The following three tables classify the accidents in coal mines in 1959 as to occupation of the men involved, as to cause, and as to injury. 12 258 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Accidents Classified as to Occupation Number of Occupation Accidents Underground— Miners 71 Drillers and foremen Haulage and conveyor men 35 Trackmen and mechanics 2 Supervisors 6 Timbermen 5 Coal-cutters Miscellaneous 4 Surface— Shops 5 Surface _•_ 9 Preparation and coke-ovens 6 Miscellaneous 2 Totals 145 Percentage of Accidents 48.96 24.14 1.38 4.14 3.45 2.76 3.45 6.20 4.14 1.38 100.00 Accidents Classified as to Cause Cause Number of Accidents Fall of ground 26 Fall of material and flying material 18 Lifting and handling equipment and material 43 Machinery and tools 20 Slipped and tripped 29 Falling off staging and platforms 6 Miscellaneous 3 Percentage of Accidents 17.93 12.41 29.66 13.79 20.00 4.14 2.07 Totals 145 100.00 Accidents Classified as to Injury Injury Number of Accidents Head and neck 11 Eyes 4 Trunk 36 Back 15 Arms 9 Hands and fingers 27 Legs 3 5 Feet 5 Toes 3 Percentage of Accidents 7.59 2.76 24.83 10.35 6.20 18.61 24.14 3.45 2.07 Totals 145 100.00 COAL EXPLOSIVES 259 The following table shows the quantity of explosives used in underground coal mines in 1959, together with the number of shots fired, tons of coal produced per pound of explosives used, and the average number of pounds of explosives per shot fired (these quantities include all the explosives used for breaking coal and rock work in coal mines):— Vancouver Island District Colliery Quantity of Explosives Used (Pounds) Coal Mined (Tons) Total Number of Shots Average Tons per Pound of Explosives Used Average Pounds of Explosive per Shot Fired 67,900 400 875 400 300 150 150 5 50 25 146,225 761 630 801 308 408 449 11 7 68 96,800 600 850 700 380 250 300 5 35 50 2.15 1.90 0.72 2.00 1.02 2.72 2.99 2.20 0.14 2.72 0.70 Chambers No. 5 mine— __ Loudon No. 6 mine Lewis mine (Timberland) Carruthers and Wakelem No. 3 mine Stronach mine.. 0.67 1.03 0.57 0.79 0.60 0.50 1.00 Big Flame mine White mine 1.43 0.50 Totals for district _ 70,255 149,668 99,970 2.13 0.70 NlCOLA-pRINCETON DISTRICT Princeton Blue Flame No. 3 _ i 3 300 1,161 416 6 300 387.00 1.38 0.50 1.00 303 1 1,577 306 5.20 0.99 Northern District Bulkley Valley Collieries 6,375 300 2,250 5,524 235 3,084 7,065 350 3,000 0.86 0.78 1.37 0.90 0.86 Gething mine _ 0.75 8.925 1 8.843 10,415 0.99 0.85 East Kootenay District Michel Colliery- 36,606 486,700 60,719 13.29 0.60 Province Totals for Province . 116,089 646,788 171,410 5.57 0.67 Quantity of Different Explosives Used Lb. 113,139 Permissible rock powder 2,950 Monobel of different grades. Total 116,089 MACHINE-MINED COAL In 1959, mining-machines produced approximately 40,926 tons or 6.3 per cent of the total output from underground mining. A total of 110,840 tons of strip- mined coal was removed by mechanical means. 260 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 SAFETY LAMPS There were 1,073 safety lamps in use in the mines of the Province. Of this number, 989 were approved electric lamps, mostly of the Edison type. Approved Safety Lamps—Electric and Flame The following is a list of approved safety lamps, electric and flame:— The Wolf lamp, flame type. The Koehler lamp, flame type. The Edison electric lamp (cap) under Approval No. 18 of the United States Bureau of Mines, and all Edison lamps up to and including Model P, carrying the Approval Certificate No. 26 of the United States Bureau of Mines, Model R-4, Approval No. 29. The Wheat electric lamp and having Approval No. 20, as issued by the United States Bureau of Mines. The Wolf electric lamp, No. 830C. The electric lamp manufactured by the Portable Lamp and Equipment Company, under Approval No. 27 of the United States Bureau of Mines. M.S.A. single-cell trip lamp, carrying United States Bureau of Mines Approval No. 1009, approved for use on haulage trips in mines. The Davis M.L. model pneumatic electric lamp. ELECTRICITY Electricity is used for various purposes on the surface and underground at three collieries. A total of 12,385 horsepower was used in and about these mines. Detailed information as to how and where this power was used is given in the report of the Senior Electrical Inspector of Mines. INSPECTION COMMITTEES The provisions of the Coal-mines Regulation Act, section 65, General Rule 19, require that an inspection committee of workmen shall inspect the mine regularly on behalf of the workmen and make a true report of the conditions found. In all the larger mines of the Province this rule is fully observed, and copies of the report are sent to the Inspectors for the district. The work of these committees is valuable and assists in furthering the interests of safety at the various mines. COAL DUST The danger of accumulations of coal dust on the roadways and in the working- places is fully realized, and as a rule the regulations regarding the control of coal dust are adequately carried out. Large quantities of limestone dust are used continually in the larger mines to combat this hazard. It is used in the roadways, working-places, and for the tamping of shots. Dust samples are taken regularly from roof, sides, and floor of mine roadways and analysed. The reports of. the analyses are forwarded to the District Inspector each month. DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES Early in August, 1950, the first diesel underground locomotive to be used in any mine in British Columbia made its trial runs in No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited. COAL 261 MILLISECOND DELAY DETONATORS In February, 1951, an amendment to the Coal-mines Regulation Act was passed to allow, with the permission of the Chief Inspector of Mines, more than one shot to be fired at a time in any coal mine or district of a mine. For further details see 1954 Annual Report. DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES On September 25th, 1959, at about 9.30 a.m., a fire occurred at the 100-horse- power electric motor driving the main surface fan at "A" North mine, Michel Colliery. The fire was put out by the use of extinguishers and the damage was confined to the motor. It is thought that one of the motor bearings had failed, thus allowing contact between the rotor and the stator coils. The men in the mine were withdrawn immediately and no one was injured or suffered ill effects through exposure to smoke. On November 16th, 1959, in "A" North mine, Michel Colliery, the trailing cable of a " Borecut " continuous miner pulled out of the connecting plug, causing a short circuit accompanied by a severe electrical flash. The incident was caused by slack in the cable being caught by a projecting piece of lagging that had been placed beneath the tail conveyor. The machine was being moved toward the face to assist in the timbering cycle when the short circuit occurred. BUMPS AND OUTBURSTS On March 16th, 1959, at 4.20 p.m., a severe bump occurred on the No. 3 slope, "B" South mine, Michel Colliery. Approximately 100 feet of the slope was affected. The floor from the entrance to No. 5 room to about 50 feet up the slope was heaved to the roof. From the 50-foot point to 100 feet from No. 5 room the heaving gradually diminished to zero. Several sets of timber were broken, thus allowing the roof to cave at these points. No one was injured. It was reported that the bump was felt in several of the houses in Michel, but workmen employed in "A" East mine workings below the affected area were unaware of the incident. On April 15th, 1959, at about 1.30 p.m., a bump occurred near the face of a pillar extraction off No. 1 raise, South level section, " B " South mine, Michel Colliery. The bump was fairly severe and caused the high side of the roadway to heave for a distance of 40 feet, starting from a point 12 feet outby the face. The heaving of the floor ranged from zero at the face to about 2 feet at a point 30 feet from the face of the roadway. The two miners working at the face were shaken, but otherwise uninjured. On April 16th, 1959, a bump occurred in the gob area in the vicinity of No. 2 room, No. 3 slope, " B " South mine, Michel Colliery. Although the ventilation was momentarily disrupted, no other damage was done. PROSECUTIONS There were no prosecutions instituted at the various mines during the year. SUPERVISION OF COAL MINES During 1959 eighteen companies operated twenty-two mines, employing 765 men underground. In the supervision of underground employees there were two managers, eight overmen, three shiftbosses, and forty-seven firebosses, or approximately one official for every twelve men. 262 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR COAL-MINE OFFICIALS First-, Second-, and Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors' Certificates The Board of Examiners, formed on July 10th, 1919, consists at present of R. B. Bonar, Deputy Chief Inspector of Mines, chairman and secretary; A. R. C. James, Inspector of Mines, member; and D. R. Morgan, Inspector of Mines, member. The examinations are held at least once a year and more often if necessary. All officials, before engaging in multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators, are required to obtain a permit to do so from the Board of Examiners (Coalmine Officials). This permit is issued only after the applicant has successfully passed oral and practical examinations in such work. In addition to the examinations and certificates already specified as coming under the Board of Examiners, the Act provides that every coal-miner shall be the holder of a certificate of competency as such. Examinations are held as circumstances warrant in coal-mining districts, and no certificate is granted where the candidate has failed to satisfy the Board as to his fitness, experience in a coal mine, and a general working knowledge of the English language. During 1959 there were thirteen candidates for coal-miners' certificates. In addition to the certificates granted above, substitute certificates were issued to those who had lost their original certificates. Permits to act as coal-miners, as provided by the Act, have been granted to younger men by Inspectors in their respective districts. This method allows promising men with less than one year's experience underground to work at the coal face as miners under the guidance of an experienced miner. The Board of Examiners desires to thank the different coal-mining companies for the use of their premises for the holding of examinations where necessary. NOTES ON COAL MINES VANCOUVER ISLAND INSPECTION DISTRICT By R. B. Bonar The gross output of coal from the Vancouver Island Inspection District was 149,668 tons, a decrease of 32,636 tons or 17.9 per cent from the 1958 output. Only one large coal mine, the Tsable River mine, is now in production on the Island. Operations in the once important Nanaimo coalfield are now restricted to nine very small mines, providing employment for no more than twenty-one men. These mines operate in outcrop, pillars, and barriers left during earlier working. The Island coal-mining industry has suffered a rapid decline in the past few years. Production has declined by as much as 60 per cent since 1951. This condition has resulted from loss of markets due to competition from other fuels, high costs of production, and from the depletion of reserves in the Nanaimo coalfield. In 1959 there were forty-three accidents, including one fatal reported and investigated. The annual mine-rescue and first-aid meet organized by the Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association was held at Cumberland on Saturday, May 30th. Two teams from the Tsable River mine and a visiting team from Bralorne mine partici- COAL 263 Chambers No. 5 Mine, Extension pated in the mine-rescue competition, and a very high standard of performance was maintained. The winning team was the Tsable River team No. 1, captained by John Thomson. Nanaimo (49° 123° S.W.) R. H. Chambers and associates, operators; R. H. Chambers, manager. This mine is in Section 14, Range 7, in the Douglas district, near Extension. The present workings consist of a 600-foot slope driven in a section of the Wellington seam in the vicinity of the old Vancouver slope workings. The slope pillars and the pillars between the rooms driven to the right off the slope are being mined on the retreat. The coal is mined by picking out the middle band of carbonaceous shale with hand-picks. It is then blasted and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the tipple by a gasoline-driven hoist. A small shaker screen sorts the coal into 2-inch, 1- to 2-inch, and under 1-inch sizes. Total production in 1959 was 761 tons over a working period of 145 days, with a crew of three men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. Glyn Lewis, operator and fireboss. This property comprises Lewis Mine two small mines operating in the Wellington seam in a small (Timberlands) area of outcrop coal that was left when No. 8 mine was abandoned by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited. The seam outcrops on the side of a ridge parallel to and immediately south of the Nanaimo River valley at an elevation of 540 feet above sea-level. The coal measures dip southward at 8 degrees. The two mines are one-third of a mile apart. The new mine, which commenced production in May, 1951, is in Range 1, Section 2, of the Cranberry district. It operates in an area of coal outcrop about 1 acre in extent, which is bounded on the west by a thrust fault that also formed the western boundary of the old No. 8 mine. The seam is 6 feet thick, including two thin rock bands. The coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface up the slope by a small hoist driven by a gasoline-operated engine. A shaker screen sorts the coal into lump, nut, and pea sizes. Total production in 1959 was 801 tons over a working period of 166 days, with a crew of three men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. J. Unsworth and A. Dunn, operators; A. Dunn, fireboss. Undun Mine No. 1 This mine, which was brought into production in August, 1954, is three-quarters of a mile northwest of the Village of Extension. It operated in the Wellington seam, and the output came from the mining of pillars and small areas of coal left near the outcrop in the old Extension No. 6 mine. Due to the depletion of reserves of coal, this mine was abandoned in June, 1959, and the portal sealed off. Total production in 1959 was 246 tons over a working period of sixty-one days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. J. Unsworth and A. Dunn, operators; A. Dunn, fireboss. Undun No. 2 Mine This mine, which was brought into production in September, 1959, was established by cleaning up and retimbering the old L 264 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 No. 1 mine slope (Extension) for a distance of over 200 feet. It was hoped to find and mine pillars of coal north of the old slope and between the old workings and the outcrop. To the end of the year, 203 tons of coal was produced by a crew of two men over a working period of fifty-nine days. Conditions as found during inspections were satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. Albert Addison, operator. This mine is in Range 5, Section Big Flame Mine 13, of the Cranberry district. Reopening of this mine, formerly known as the Clifford mine, was commenced early in 1955. During the year, only prospecting was done in an attempt to find coal of economical thickness and grade. H. Brodrick and associates, operators; H. Brodrick, fireboss. Extension Mine This mine was started early in 1957 in outcrop coal near the portal of the No. 2 slope, old Extension colliery. Due to depletion of reserves of coal, the mine was abandoned early in January, 1959. North Wellington (49° 124° S.E.) William Loudon and associates, operators; W. Loudon, fire- Loudon No. 6 boss. This mine is about 1 mile southeast of Wellington and Mine has been opened up by a flat-dipping slope driven in a small area of outcrop coal in the No. 2 Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the old No. 9 workings. The top portion of the seam, varying from 2 to 3 feet and consisting of carbonaceous shale, is blasted off the solid and stowed. The bottom 20 inches to 2 feet of coal is broken up with light shots and hand- loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-powered hoist. Production in 1959 amounted to 630 tons over a working period of 159 days with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. R. B. Carruthers and W. Wakelem, operators; R. B. Car- Carruthers and ruthers, fireboss. This mine, near the Loudon mine, is also Wakelem No. 3 in the No. 2 or Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the aban- Mine doned workings of the old No. 9 mine. Production in 1959 amounted to 308 tons over a working period of 100 days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. Charles Stronach, operator; H. Gilmour, fireboss. This Stronach mine is in a section of the No. 2 or Upper Wellington seam No. 2 Mine adjacent to the old No. 9 mine. All the output comes from the mining of pillars and small areas of coal left in the early workings. Production in 1959 amounted to 408 tons over a period of 123 days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. Joseph White, operator and fireboss. This mine is about White Mine 200 feet south of Stronach No. 2 mine and is operated as a prospect in search of pillars of coal thought to have been left during the early workings of the old Wellington slope and latterly the Pacific No. 2 mine. COAL 265 The finding of coal pillars has proved to be disappointing, and only 68 tons of coal was produced in fifty-nine working-days with a crew of two men. The mine was closed down during the latter part of the year. Conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. Comox (49° 124° N.W.) Head office, 566 Hornby Street, Vancouver 1. F. Ronald Canadian Collieries Graham, chairman of the board; N. R. Whittall, president; Resources Ltd. E. O. T. Simpson, vice-president, mining; W. W. Johnstone, district superintendent. Tsable River Mine. — S. J. Lawrence, manager; T. Ecclestone, overman, L. Cooper, A. Cullen, and A. Somerville, shiftbosses; W. Bennie, J. Cochrane, M. Frobisher, W. High, L. Hutchinson, C. Lewis, G. Nicholas, J. Thomson, and A. Maxwell, firebosses; S. Gough, surface foreman. The layout and method of operating this mine are fully described in the 1954 Annual Report. In 1959 production came from the extraction of pillars formed by earlier development in the seam and from development work and extraction of pillars in the northeast section beyond the second fault system. In the latter part of the year the company announced that its coal contracts would not be renewed after May 31st, 1960. Shortly after this announcement was made, all development work was stopped underground. The extraction of pillars was intensified, especially in the northeast section, where only the most economical coal was produced. All the coal, both in development and pillar-extraction areas, is blasted off the solid. Electrical multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators is used throughout the mine. Total production in 1959 amounted to 146,225 gross tons over a working period of 183 days, with a crew averaging 205 men underground and seventy-five on the surface. Conditions at the mine were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. First-aid arrangements have been maintained at a satisfactory standard. A suitably equipped first-aid room is provided on the surface, and an ambulance is held in readiness for emergencies. Five employees hold industrial first-aid certificates, and twenty-four employees hold other first-aid certificates. Two mine- rescue teams of six men each are maintained, and these attend periodic practices at the Cumberland mine-rescue station. Forty-three accidents, including one fatal accident, at or in the mine were reported and investigated. This mine won the Ryan Trophy, emblematic of having the lowest accident record in a British Columbia coal mine, in 1956, 1957, and 1958, and has again won the award for 1959. This very excellent record is due to the maintaining of the intensified safety programme put into effect by the management and ably assisted and advised by the Director of the Safety Division of the British Columbia Mining Association. Regular inspections of the mine were made each month by the inspection committee appointed by the workmen, and copies of its reports were forwarded to the office of the District Inspector through the courtesy of the committee. NICOLA-PRINCETON INSPECTION DISTRICT By David Smith, except as noted. Coal production in 1959 in the Nicola-Princeton district was 1,577 tons, a fact which serves to indicate the severe blows wrought to this once thriving industry 266 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 by the introduction of other fuels such as oil and natural gas. Operations were restricted to two small mines, although some further exploration work was carried out on the Mullin's strip mine near Blakeburn. No accidents were reported by either of the coal mines in 1959, nor were there any prosecutions under the Coal-mines Regulation Act. Merritt (50° 120° S.W.) This property, 1 mile south of Merritt, is operated by the Coldwater owners, S. Gerrard and partners. Fireboss (permit), S. Ger- Coal Mines rard. Mining of coal has been confined to the splitting of pillars and extraction of remnants of coal in the abandoned workings of the old Middlesboro No. 5 mine. Total production in 1959 was 416 tons, sold locally. A crew of two men was employed. Working conditions were satisfactory, and no methane was detected in the course of inspections. Hat Creek (50° 121° N.W.)* Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 2. Inland Resources R- R. Wilson, president, Vancouver. This company holds Company Limited Coal Licences Nos. 12 and 144 covering 960 acres in the Hat Creek area. The property is at Upper Hat Creek, 30 miles from Ashcroft and 15 miles from Pavilion. An unusually thick deposit of lignite coal occurs in a small basin of Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Little is known of the structure of the coal measures, but near the coal outcrop they appear to be steeply folded and to have undergone some faulting. The Hat Creek coal deposit has been known of for many years and was reported on by Dawson in 1877. Various early attempts were made to develop the property. In 1925 Hat Creek Coal Company drilled seven holes and drove an adit 100 feet. Mining for local requirements on a very small scale was carried on from 1933 to 1945. The property remained inactive from 1945 to 1957. In 1957 the present company, under the technical direction of Dolmage, Mason and Stewart, consulting engineers, drilled eight holes, totalling 5,700 feet, on the west side of the creek with the object of further exploring the extent and structure of the deposit. This work was continued in 1959, when six additional holes, totalling 6,200 feet, were diamond drilled. Five test trenches were excavated. The work was done from July to October, 1959. A crew of eight men was employed. It is reported that this work has indicated very substantial reserves of coal on the property. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1925, pp. 305-333; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 262, pp. 108-110.] Princeton (49° 120° S.W.) This mine is about 10 miles by road south of Princeton and Blue Flame about half a mile west of the Hope-Princeton Highway. Colliery T. Bryden, fireboss, and a partner work the mine on a lease basis. Total production for 1959 was 1,161 tons, most of which was sold to the Princeton brewery. Working conditions were satisfactory, and no methane was detected in the course of inspections. By A. R. C.James. COAL 267 EAST KOOTENAY INSPECTION DISTRICT By D. R. Morgan Coal-mining activities in the East Kootenay Inspection District were confined to the Michel and Corbin areas of the Crowsnest Pass coalfield during 1959. They included both underground and open-cast operations, but, as in the past few years, activities were again restricted due to shortage of markets for the coal. This resulted in irregular operation and loss of production. Two companies were in operation and produced 597,540 tons of coal, a decrease of 94,102 tons or 15.7 per cent less than was produced in 1958. Most of the production was obtained by The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, whose activities were confined to the Michel Colliery, following the closure of the Elk River Colliery in 1958. The company produced 569,221 tons, a decrease of 95,042 tons or 16.7 per cent less than in 1958. The colliery operated 165 days out of a possible 236 days, eleven days less than in 1958. The remainder of the production from the district was obtained by Coleman Collieries Limited, operating a large strip mine on both sides of the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, near Corbin. This company produced 28,319 tons from the British Columbia side in 1959, a decrease of 2,825 tons or 9.9 per cent less than was produced by the same operation in 1958. Operations at the strip mine were temporarily suspended for a period of nearly five months during 1959, and since that time activities have been confined mainly to the Alberta side. Operating days on the British Columbia side during 1959 only amounted to forty-one out of a possible 236 days. The accident record for 1959 showed one fatal accident, which occurred at the Michel Colliery. This was worse than the record for 1958, which was free of fatal accidents. Improvement was shown in both frequency and severity rates of other accidents. Two serious accidents were reported, both of which occurred underground and resulted in a fractured limb, a decrease of two on the number reported in 1958. Minor accidents resulting in the loss of one or more working-days totalled 131, of which 112 occurred underground and nineteen on the surface. This number was twenty-one less than in 1958. No accidents were reported from the British Columbia side of the stripping operation on Tent Mountain. Five dangerous occurrences were investigated at the Michel Colliery, and are reported more fully in another part of the report under the heading " Dangerous Occurrences." The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its thirty-eighth annual mine- rescue and first-aid competitions at Fernie on June 13th, and the various contests were well attended. Four teams representing Fernie, Michel, and Kimberley entered the mine-rescue contest, and the British Columbia Department of Mines shield was won by the Fernie team, captained by Albert Littler. There were 109 competitors in the first-aid competitions, and the Rotary shield and the British Columbia Department of Mines cup were won by the Sullivan mine team, captained by W. McArthur. These teams represented the East Kootenay District in the respective contests at the Provincial competitions held at Kamloops on June 27th. The Fernie mine-rescue team was successful in winning the Provincial championship, and the Sullivan team placed second in the first-aid competition. T. G. Ewart, president, Fernie; Thomas F. Gleed, vice- The Crow's Nest president, 1010 White Building, Seattle, Wash.; James Littler, Pass Coal Com- general superintendent, Fernie; W. R. Prentice, secretary, pany Limited Fernie; J. F. Cleeve, treasurer, Fernie. This company has conducted large-scale coal-mining operations in the East Kootenay District since 1897, and present operations are confined to the Michel 268 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 Colliery. They include underground and open-cast mines, and are directed from a head office in Fernie. The coal production is sold mainly on the industrial market, and a large amount of the fines are utilized for the making of coke and briquettes, which are also sold on the industrial markets. A brief synopsis of the operations follows. Michel Colliery.—(49° 114° N.W.) William Chapman, manager; Irving Morgan, senior overman; Walter McKay, safety supervisor; William Gregory, afternoon-shift overman. The colliery is at Michel, on the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 24 miles east of Fernie. It is a large colliery and has been in operation since 1899. Present operations include five underground mines, driven on both sides of the valley, and a stripping operation on Baldy Mountain, near Michel. They also include a modern by-product plant and a briquette plant, which are located on the colliery-site. The mines are developed in two seams, and are named according to the seam worked and the direction of development. Four of the mines, on the south side of the valley, have been developed from a pair of rock tunnels, each 5,000 feet long, which have been driven across the synclinal structure of the coal measures. The mines are operated on both sides of the syncline, and connections have been made to the respective outcrops for ventilation. The remaining mine, "A" North, is being developed from the outcrop of the "A" seam on the north side of the valley and is completely independent of the other mines. The mines in general are operated by the room-and-pillar system, and the pillars are extracted on the retreat. All the mines are mechanized, and the chief motive power is compressed air, although electricity is rapidly becoming the leading power. Main road haulage is by means of compressed-air locomotives, and battery locomotives are used at the "A" North mine. The production of all the mines is cleaned and treated for market at a modern preparation plant located near the entrances to the rock tunnels. A description of this plant has been given in past reports. Underground operations are under the direct supervision of seven overmen and twenty-four firebosses. "A" East Mine.-—Daniel Chester, overman; Frank McVeigh, Roger Pasiaud, Thomas Taylor, Harry Sanders, and Albert Littler, firebosses. This mine has been developed in the "A" seam, is on the eastern limb of the Michel syncline, and all the workings are on the left side of the rock tunnels. The mine has been in operation for many years, and present activities are confined mainly to dip workings which are rapidly retreating toward the main rock tunnels. The mine is worked by the room-and-pillar system. The seam is 10 to 12 feet thick and dips at an angle of 20 degrees in a southwesterly direction. The coal is friable, of good quality, and is overlain by a weak shale roof, which requires careful attention for its support. During advancement of the rooms the coal is mined by pneumatic picks and occasionally has to be blasted from the solid by the use of millisecond delay detonators. It is loaded by duck-bill conveyors or directly by hand onto conveyors. The pillars are extracted by the short-wall method and, as the coal is friable, pneumatic picks are used to full advantage, and no shot-firing is necessary. The coal from the pillars is loaded by hand onto shaker, chain, and belt conveyors and transferred to loading points in the rooms. From the loading points the coal is hauled in trips of cars by compressed- air hoists to the main east level, and from there to the surface by compressed-air locomotives via the main rock tunnel. Most of the production in 1959 was obtained from two sections of workings known as the No. 1 and No. 3'/_ Slopes, and the remainder came from a small COAL 269 section of pillar workings above the main east level known as the No. 5Vi incline. The average daily production of the mine was 650 tons with a crew of 130 men employed. Nearly all the production was obtained from the extraction of pillars, further new development being restricted owing to adverse mining conditions and the depletion of coal reserves. Activities in the No. 5 incline and the No. 3J/2 Slope sections were confined entirely to the extraction of pillars left to support the main roadways. In the No. 1 Slope district, the major operation, the coal reserves are also very limited. The district is at the outer end of the main east levels and has been developed by means of three slopes driven to the base of the Michel syncline. Efforts made to continue the slopes and develop a large area of workings on the western limb of the syncline were abandoned in 1958 owing to excessive roof pressures and costly maintenance. Activities have since been confined to the eastern limb of the syncline and the extraction of pillars already formed. These activities up to the present have been confined mainly to the left side of the slopes because old slope workings from the "A" West mine are on the right side and are known to be flooded. It is estimated that over 250,000 tons of coal has been left unworked in the old pillars, and preparations are being made to dewater the workings by drilling 150-foot holes from the present slope workings in order to enter the area. Every precaution is to be taken against the possibility of flooding the present workings, and electric pumps have been installed in the No. 1 Slope district to cope with the additional water when necessary. The electric pumps have replaced the former compressed-air pumps. Conditions in general were found to be fairly good during the course of inspections, but a great deal of difficulty is being experienced in maintaining sufficient clearance on the roadways in the No. 3 Vi Slope section during the year owing to the convergence of the pillar extractions on the roadway. Some difficulties were also experienced at times in maintaining an adequate amount of ventilation in the working-places in that section owing to leakages in the gob areas. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven aerodyne fan which delivers 90,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the workings at 5.4-inch water-gauge. The quantity was found to be sufficient for the normal requirements of the mine. "A" West Mine.—Harry Corrigan, overman; Reginald Taylor, James Walsh, JohnMcInnis, Thomas Krall, Stanley Menduk, Paul Kusnir, Robert Taylor, William Verkerk, Sidney Hughes, William Cytko, and Roger Girou, firebosses. This mine is in the "A" seam, and is on the eastern limb of the Michel syncline. It is entered from the right side of the rock tunnels, and the present workings have been developed from two inclines driven from the main west level to the outcrop of the seam. The coal varies from 12 to 28 feet in thickness, is of good quality, and dips at an angle of 20 to 35 degrees in a southerly direction. A description of the general layout of the mine and the method of working is included in the 1957 Annual Report. The mine has been a major operation for many years, and during 1959 it had an average daily production of 1,200 tons with a crew of 204 men. Most of the production was obtained from panels of workings in the upper region of the mine where the coal is 28 feet thick, and the pillars are extracted by the caving system. A very high percentage of the coal was recovered and the caving was controlled without much difficulty. Extraction of pillars in the No. 9 right belt-road section was completed early in the year, and since that time most of the production was obtained from the No. 4 left belt-road section which was developed in 1958. Extraction of pillars in this section is now rapidly nearing completion, and two further panels, Nos. 1 and 2 left belt-roads, are being developed from a lower elevation on the inclines for future extraction. The No. 2 left belt-road section 270 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 will be in close proximity to the No. 3 left belt-road section, which was sealed off in 1956 due to a gob fire, but a sufficient barrier of coal will be left between the two workings. The new panels are in early stages of development, and the belt roads and companion roadways had only advanced 200 and 400 feet respectively at the end of December. The remainder of the production from the mine was obtained from the extraction of pillars left alongside the No. 1 entry in the old No. 4 left belt-road section. Only the top 12 feet of the seam is extracted in this area, and the operation is rapidly nearing completion. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven axivane fan which delivers 85,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the mine workings at a 3.5-inch water-gauge. This quantity was found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine, and no indications of any gas were found in the active workings during the course of inspections. Periodic checks were maintained on the fire seals in the old No. 3 left belt- road section, and indications were that the fire was still inactive. Upper "A " South Mine. — Vans H. Hulbert, overman; James Anderson, Michael Tymchuk, and Ronald Saad, firebosses. This mine is in an early stage of development, having been opened in October, 1956, in order to develop a large area of "A" seam virgin coal left between the old abandoned "A" South mine workings and the outcrop of the seam. The mine is on the Sparwood limb of the syncline, and entry was made via two inclines driven in the underlying No. 1 seam which were later connected to the "A" seam by means of two rock raises. Contact was made with the seam in November, 1958. The coal is 26 feet thick, is of good quality, and pitches 35 degrees in a westerly direction. It is intended to continue the inclines on the full pitch of the seam to the outcrop, and develop workings on both sides of the inclines for future extraction of the pillars by the caving system. Very little progress was made in the advancement of the inclines during 1959, as a great deal of activity had to be directed to regrading of the inclines after meeting the seam and installing conveyors on the No. 1 incline. A large fault, encountered after the inclines had advanced 250 feet, has caused considerable difficulty. The fault is of the reverse type, is large, and has a displacement of 75 feet. Diamond-drill holes were bored to test the fault, and it is intended to drive two rock tunnels to meet the continuation of the seam on the other side of the fault. No. 1 level, which was being driven to commence development on the right side of the inclines, was stopped when the inclines met the fault. It will probably be continued at a later date to extract the coal from the outby side of the fault. The level had advanced 350 feet when it was stopped. A crew of thirty-one men employed at the mine produced an average of 130 tons daily when the working-places were in the coal. Conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. Nearly all the equipment is electrically driven and is of the permissible type. The mine is ventilated by the old No. 3 seam fan, which also ventilates the "A" West mine workings, and was found to be satisfactory to meet the present requirements of the mine. "A "■ North Mine.—John Whittaker, overman; Thomas Slee, fireboss. This mine is operated in the "A" seam on the north side of the Michel Valley, approximately half a mile east of the colliery preparation plant. It is being developed from four main levels which follow the strike of the seam from the outcrop. The mine has been in operation since 1951. The mine is expected to become a large operation and, up to the present, activities have been confined to development. The coal is 12 feet thick when normal but is very irregular and faulty. It is of good quality and dips 15 to 20 COAL 271 degrees in a southerly direction. The coal at most of the working-places is mined by pneumatic picks or is blasted from the solid with millisecond delay detonators. It is then loaded by hand onto shaker and chain conveyors and transported to various loading points alongside the levels, where it is loaded into 10-ton-capacity bottom-dumping cars and taken from the mine by battery locomotives. The bottom two levels are more highly mechanized and are advanced by two continuous miners which mine and load the coal. One of the machines has been in operation since the end of 1956, and the other was put into operation in June, 1959. Nearly all the equipment is operated by electricity and, with the exception of one of the continuous miners which is on trial by special permit, is of the flameproof permissible type. Compressed air, which is mainly used for operating pneumatic picks, is supplied by three portable electric compressors located inside the mine on the main intake airway. All the production from the mine is brought to the preparation plant by means of trucks, which are loaded from bins at two of the mine portals. Operations were considerably restricted during 1959 owing to the state of the coal market, and development was curtailed. Most of the activities were directed to the driving of the No. 0 and No. 1 development levels at the lower end of the mine, which are not so far advanced as the remainder of the developments. The levels were driven 1,150 feet and encountered a great deal of difficulty in places owing to thinning of the seam. No. 2 and No. 3 levels in the upper part of the mine were idle for a considerable period, and only minor development was carried out at the No. 4 incline panel of workings above the levels. Both the levels and the panel were idle during the last three months of 1959, but operations are expected to be resumed in the near future. Twelve men were employed for most of the year, with an average daily output of 120 tons. Conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. The mine is ventilated by an axivane fan which delivers 90,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the workings at a 1.6-inch water-gauge. Small auxiliary fans capable of producing 5,000 cubic feet of air per minute are also used for ventilating the faces of the main levels and narrow headings ahead of the last crosscuts. These were found to be sufficient to meet the requirements of the mine. " B " South Mine.—Andrew Davey, overman; Arnold Webster, Robert Dor- atty, John Krall, and Kenneth Kniert, firebosses. The mine is operated in the " B " seam, on the western limb of the Michel syncline, and has been developed from the left side of the main rock tunnels. The seam is 5J/2 feet thick, dips 30 degrees in an easterly direction, and is overlain by a strong, sandstone roof. The coal is of excellent quality, friable, and gassy. It is mined by pneumatic picks, and no shot-firing is allowed. The workings have been developed by the room-and-pillar system, and the pillars are extracted on the retreat. A full description of the workings has been given in past Annual Reports. The mine has been in operation for many years, and activities are rapidly nearing completion due to depletion of the coal reserves. Extraction of pillars in the No. 3 Slope district, the last major operation, was completed toward the end of 1959, and since that time operations have been restricted to the extraction of roadside pillars along the main south level and the old No. 3 incline. Conditions in general were found to be satisfactory, with the exception of low parts of the roadway on the No. 3 main haulage slope before it was stopped. Three bumps occurred and are dealt with under " Dangerous Occurrences " in another part of the Report. A portion of the workings in the slope area was abandoned due to one of the bumps. 272 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven axivane fan which delivers 65,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the workings at a 4.3-inch water-gauge. This quantity was found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine. During 1959, 33,650 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 2,950 pounds of CXL-ite, and 60,719 electric detonators were used at the colliery for coal and rock blasting. Fourteen misfired shots were reported. Two hundred and sixteen tons of limestone dust were used for application on the roadways at the various mines to minimize the coal-dust hazard and for tamping shots. Monthly mine-dust samples were regularly taken at all the mines and analysed. All the samples were above the minimum requirements of incombustible content. Regular monthly examinations were made at all the mines by the miners' inspection committees, and a meeting was held at the colliery office each month by the pit committee. Copies of the findings and recommendations were sent to the office of the District Inspector through the courtesy of the committee members. All the report books kept at the mines in accordance with the Coal-mines Regulation Act were examined periodically and found to be in order. Baldy Mountain Strip Mine.—William Chapman, manager; C. M. Matson, foreman. This operation is at a high elevation on Baldy Mountain, 4 miles east of Michel, and access is by means of a private road leading from the colliery preparation plant. The coal deposit is large, and stripping operations have been conducted at various elevations along the outcrops of the seams. The work is carried out on a contract basis, and four pits have been started or worked since the company commenced operating in the area in 1948. Two pits were operated during 1959 by Mannix Limited, of Calgary. The operation produced 82,521 tons with a crew of two men in the pits and six truck- drivers to transport the coal to the preparation plant. This was decrease of 24,340 tons from the corresponding figure in 1958. Most of the production was obtained from the No. 2 pit, where a large area of overburden had previously been removed. The pit has been in operation for many years, and it is estimated that over 60,000 tons of coal are left to be worked. All the coal is exposed. Extraction of coal from the No. 3 pit, which was in operation during 1958, was completed in February, 1959, and the pit was abandoned. No rock work was carried out during 1959, and coal-loading operations were confined to a single-shift basis. The coal at both the pits is 40 feet thick, of fairly good quality, but some sections have inferior coking qualities. Conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, but some difficulty was experienced with the high wall in the No. 3 pit before abandonment, and a small quantity of coal had to be left behind as a protection against sliding. The roadway leading from the mine to the preparation plant was kept in very good condition. By-product Plant.—George Lancaster, superintendent. This plant is adjacent to the preparation plant at the Michel Colliery, and a full description of its operation is included in the 1954 Annual Report. No appreciable change has been made at the plant since that time, with the exception of a small drying unit that was in course of construction at the end of 1959. The unit will be used for drying and screening the fine coke product (breeze) in order to reduce its moisture content and make it more suitable for market. The unit will have a capacity of 4 tons per hour (dry basis). COAL 273 Coke-making during 1959 was confined to the Curran-Knowles ovens, and the production was 134,134 tons, a decline of 39,785 tons from the corresponding figure in 1958. The production was restricted due to lack of markets, and was affected to a marked degree by an industrial strike in the United States. Briquette Plant.—George Lancaster, superintendent. This plant was put into operation in 1954 and is located adjacent to the preparation plant. A full description of the plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report, and no appreciable change has been made since that time. Operations were considerably restricted owing to lack of markets for briquettes, and the plant was idle for several long periods during 1959. The production was 18,846 tons, as compared with 33,272 tons in 1958, 84,436 tons in 1957, and 188,355 tons in 1956, showing a large and continual decline during the past four years. (49° 1140 n.w.) D. B. Young, general manager, Coleman, Coleman Collieries Alta.; John C. Shearer, strip-mine manager. This company Limited operates a large stripping operation on both sides of the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, near Corbin, and access is by means of a roadway leading from the No. 3 highway near Crowsnest Lakes. Most of the property is in the Province of Alberta, but a large quantity of coal has been produced in the British Columbia part since 1951. The present activities are confined to an open-pit known as the No. 2, in operation since 1954, at the top of the mountain, at an elevation of 7,200 feet. The coal is in the form of a synclinal basin and is over 100 feet thick in parts. The overburden has been removed during the past few years, and activities are now confined to the loading of coal by power-shovel. The coal is trucked to the company's preparation plant at Coleman, Alta. Mining activities were considerably restricted during 1959 owing to shortage of markets, and the operation was completely shut down for a period of nearly five months in the early part of the year. Production of coal from the British Columbia side was further restricted because a new lift of coal is being extracted on the Alberta side advancing toward British Columbia. Conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, although some difficulty was experienced in the spring when a small portion of the hangingwall slid into the pit. The wall was later thoroughly checked and scaled. NORTHERN INSPECTION DISTRICT By David Smith The coal mines of the Northern District produced a total of 8,843 tons of coal in 1959. The output is sold entirely on the domestic market, which limits all operations to seasonal work only. No accidents or dangerous occurrences were reported from the coal mines of this district during 1959. Telkwa (54° 127° N.E.) Company office, Telkwa. F. M. Dockrill, president; F. Bond Bulkley Valley and L. Gething, firebosses. This property is on Goat Creek, Collieries Limited a tributary of the Telkwa River, about 7 miles southeast of Telkwa. Total production in 1959 was 5,524 tons. The mine was closed at the end of March and operations were resumed in September. In the fall a noticeably better demand for coal was apparent, and it is thought that 13 274 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 this may be due to the closing-down of the mine at Mercoal in Alberta. An average crew of fourteen men was employed. Conditions in the mine were found satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. No accidents were reported. Peace River (56° 122° S.E.) Q. F. (King) Gething, operator and fireboss. This property King Gething is on Lot 1039, 12 miles by road from Hudson Hope. Total Mines production for 1959 was 3,084 tons. A crew of three men was employed. Conditions at the working-faces were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. A survey of the underground workings was brought up to date. No accidents were reported. Company office, Fort St. John. E. B. Summer, operator and Reschke Coal Ltd. fireboss (permit). This property is 23 miles by road from Hudson Hope and is about 1 mile north of the Peace River at an elevation of 2,600 feet. Operations have been less than seasonal due to a loss of markets, and only a very small amount of coal for local purposes has been obtained. Total production was 235 tons. Conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspection, and no methane was detected. No accidents were reported. Inspection of Electrical Equipment and Installations at Mines, Quarries, and Well Drilling Rigs By L. Wardman, Senior Electrical Inspector ELECTRIC POWER In 1959 electric power was used by thirty-three mining companies in operations at thirty-seven lode mines, two placer mines, and three collieries. Twenty- eight metallurgical mills, two coal-cleaning plants, and one coking plant were in operation during the year. Electric power was used at twenty-nine non-metallic mineral and structural-material mines and quarries for one or more of the following operations: Loading, crushing, separating, and conveying of materials. Forty-seven drilling rigs using electric power for lighting, and energizing motors were used in drilling operations at 140 wells. Sixty-four of these were completed as oil or gas wells. Lode-metal Mines Of those mines using electricity, operations at five were terminated either indefinitely or permanently; operations at five were recommenced, and electrical equipment installed at four others was put into service. One mine at which operations were commenced in 1958 was not operated in 1959. The kilovolt-ampere generating capacity of mining-company-owned plants operated in 1959 was as follows: — Generator Kva. Prime Mover Capacity Diesel engines 11,215 Water-wheels _ 10,840 Steam turbines 1,800 Total 23,855 The electric power produced was approximately 58,348,245 kilowatt-hours during 1959. The power purchased from public utilities and from the generating division of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, amounted to 210,687,318 kilowatt-hours. The total amount of power used for mining and concentrating purposes at lode mines amounted to 269,035,563 kilowatt- hours. A general breakdown of the connected load is as follows: — Equipment Horsepower Hoists (incline and shaft) 5,937 Hoists (scrapers) 5,645 Fans (mine ventilating) 4,079 Pumps (mine unwatering) 5,317 Rectifiers and M.G. sets 7,135 Air compressors (supplying mining equipment) 17,445 Crushing 9,496 Sink float 1,450 Milling, concentrating, separating 39,291 Workshops 2,106 Miscellaneous ___.. 7,504 Total 105,405 275 276 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 In addition to electrically powered equipment, there is approximately 7,055 horsepower of prime movers driving direct-connected or belt-connected equipment according to the following table:— Prime Mover Horsepower Diesel engines 6,450 Water-wheels 570 Gasoline engines 35 Total 7,055 On surface and underground haulage systems there were in use 112 battery locomotives, eighty-three trolley locomotives, and sixteen diesel locomotives. One of the diesel locomotives was moved to a new property in 1959. Placer Mines One of the three placer mines using electric power in 1958 did not operate in 1959. The equipment in use was as follows:— Kilowatts Power plants—Diesel-engine-driven generators 583 Equipment Horsepower Trommel screens 75 Pumps 100 Conveyors 25 Dragline shovel 51 Compressors 15 Miscellaneous 8 Total 274 Non-metallic Mines and Quarries Electric power was used at twenty-nine non-metallic mineral mines and quarries. At several of these properties power is produced by company-owned diesel- driven generators; for the others, power is purchased from the local utility company. The capacity of the company-owned plants was approximately 2,800 kilovolt- amperes. Approximately 9,000,000 kilowatt-hours of power was generated and 38,000,- 000 kilowatt-hours was purchased, making a total of 47,000,000 kilowatt-hours of power consumed. The distribution of electric power was as follows:— Equipment Horsepower Incline hoists 400 Scraper hoists 800 Pumps 600 M.G. sets and rectifiers 250 Air compressors 8 00 Shovels 150 Crushers 4,900 Conveyors 2,300 Screens 2,100 Dust collecting 220 Workshop 750 Miscellaneous 1,700 Total 14,970 INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 277 At these properties there was also diesel-driven equipment totalling 3,700 horsepower. Coal Mines There was no change in the number of collieries using electric power in 1959. The distribution of electric power is as follows:— Surface Horsepower Compressed air 4,440 Ventilation 555 Hoisting 545 Haulage 15 Coal washing and screening 2,551 Pumping 225 Briquetting 642 Coke 1,180 Miscellaneous 613 Total 10,766 Underground— Ventilation 65 Hoisting 60 Haulage 112 Pumping 250 Miners (Borecut) 175 Coal-cutters 100 Conveyors _ 652 Compressed air 200 Miscellaneous 5 Total 1,619 Total for surface and underground 12,385 Five permissible battery locomotives were in use underground. A total of 28,737,640 kilowatt-hours of power was used for mining and coal- processing operations. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS LODE MINES Lillooet Bridge River (50° 122° N.W.) Bralorne Division (Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited).—A dangerous occurrence took place on June 5th, 1959, when the Crown hoist overspeeded, causing damage to motor, rope, and several guides. Details of this incident are written in the section on dangerous occurrences. Highland Valley (50° 120° S.W.) During the period of operation in 1959, two 90-kva. Cater- Bethlehem Copper pillar-diesel-driven electrical generating units supplied power Corporation Ltd. for this property. A 60- by 20-inch Roots blower driven by a 100-horsepower motor was used for ventilating the adit, and a 15-kw. M.G. set was used to charge locomotive batteries. 278 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 The equipment in the sampling plant consisted of the following: A 24- by 18-inch jaw crusher driven by a 40-horsepower motor; two conveyors driven by two 3-horsepower motors; a Dillon screen driven by a 1-horsepower motor; and a water pump driven by a 3-horsepower motor. Merritt (50° 120° S.W.) A 2,300-volt 200-kw. diesel-driven alternator was installed Craigmont (Birkett to supply power for development work. Formerly a 75-kw. Creek Mine and a 52-kw. 440-volt Caterpillar-diesel-driven alternator Operators Ltd.) were supplying power. The 52-kw. unit was removed from service and the 75-kw. unit was retained as a stand-by unit. A 2,300-volt power-line was built from the 3500 level to the 3000 level to supply power to equipment at the latter level. Two 150-kva. 2,300-440-volt transformers at the 3500 level step down the voltage for equipment at that level and three 37Vi- kva. 2,300-440-volt transformers step down the voltage for equipment at the 3000 level. Each adit is ventilated by a dual fan driven by two 20-horsepower motors. Two car dumps driven by 5-horsepower motors are used on the waste dump. In the assay laboratory there are three 5-, one 3-, and one V.-horsepower motors driving the crusher, pulverizer, pump, and fan respectively. Hedley French (French Mines Ltd.).—(49° 120° S.E.) A three-drum Joy-Sullivan slusher driven by a 20-horsepower motor and a Canadian Ingersoll-Rand two-drum siusher driven by a 12-horsepower motor were installed at the mine. Olalla (49° 119° S.W.) A mill and power plant was built on the Keremeos Mines property. The power plant consists of a 100-kva. 2,300- Ltd. volt 900-r.p.m. Westinghouse alternator driven by a 150- horsepower diesel engine. A bank of three 37V_.-kva. single- phase transformers step down the power from 2,300 volts to 460 volts for the mill motors. The equipment in the mill consists of the following: A crusher driven by a 15-horsepower motor; a ball mill driven by a 30-horsepower wound rotor induction motor; a classifier driven by a 3-horsepower motor; and six flotation cells driven by three 3-horsepower motors. Camp McKinney Cariboo-Amelia (H. & W. Mining Co. Ltd.).—(49° 119° S.E.) A 250-kva. diesel-driven 3-phase- a.c. generator was used to supply power for two 40-horsepower pump motors. In the fall a main transformer station was installed, and during November and December power was purchased from the West Kootenay Power and Light Company Limited. Other electrically driven equipment consists of a shaft hoist driven by a 75-horsepower motor and an air compressor driven by a 100-horsepower motor. Greenwood Mother Lode (Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited).—(49° 118° S.W.) When preparations were made to reopen the property, the transformers INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 279 were reinstalled and connected to the power-lines and distribution system. A bin to contain the mill feed was built and two conveyors were installed, driven by a IVi- and a 3-horsepower motor respectively. A dust-collecting system consisting of a separating cone and a fan driven by a 30-horsepower motor was installed to collect the dust produced by the crushers. Phoenix (49° 118° S.W.) In 1959 the entire plant was brought into Phoenix Copper production and the following electrical work was done. In Company Limited the mill a 200-horsepower ball-mill motor switch-gear was installed, and also a 15-horsepower motor with 440-volt switch-gear. Two 40- and one 20-horsepower pumping units were installed underground. The assay office wiring was completed and a 15-horsepower M.G. set was installed in the crushing plant. Rossland Velvet (Mid-West Copper and Uranium Mines Ltd.).—(49° 117° S.W.) Preparations were commenced to operate the mine and mill. The mine shaft was retimbered as necessary and a hoist driven by a 150-horsepower motor was installed. The electrical equipment in the compressor building and mill was overhauled. Later in the year operations were suspended. Salmo (49° 117° S.E.) A 90-kva. substation, No. 418, was built Jersey, Emerald, in the Jersey 4472 drift and was put into operation at the and Dodger (Cana- end of February. A 2,300-volt power-cable 250 feet long dian Exploration was run through a diamond-drill hole from the Dodger 4330 Limited) drift to the Jersey 4772 drift to supply this station. A 75- kva. substation, No. 419, was built in the Jersey F zone and was put into operation at the end of October. A 2,300-volt power-cable 1,200 feet long supplies power from the Dodger substation No. 420 to this station. A new 75-horsepower hoist has been installed in the Jersey 4000 mine. A second diesel-electric locomotive was assembled and put into service. Three slusher hoists requiring a total of 100 horsepower were installed. Aspen Creek H.B. (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).—(49° 117° S.E.) A 30-horsepower motor driving a slusher was added to the mine equipment. Replacement of mill motors with larger sizes resulted in an increased mill load of 7 horsepower. Nelway Reeves MacDonald Mines Limited.—(49° 117° S.E.) A 4- by 8-foot double-drum hoist driven by a 200-horsepower 2,300-volt Westinghouse motor was installed for No. 3 shaft. A Bean Royal 55 piston pump driven by a 10-horse- power 440-volt motor was installed at the bottom of No. 2 shaft. 280 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 North Kootenay Lake Riondel (49° 116° N.W.) A building was put up adjacent to the compressor building Bluebell to house the new stand-by power plant. A new 375-kva. (The Consolidated 600-volt diesel-driven alternator and the 375-kva. 600-volt Mining and Smelt- diesel-driven alternator from the old diesel plant were in- ing Company of stalled in this building. A 750-kva. 600-6,900-volt bank of Canada, Limited) transformers was installed to step up the line voltage to 6,900 volts. These units will operate in conjunction with the 187Vi- kva. alternator which was previously installed in the compressor building. The power-lines were reconnected to supply the emergency power to No. 8 level instead of No. 5 level. A remote-control system was installed for No. 1 and No. 2 substations. A hoist driven by a 75-horsepower 600-volt motor was installed on the No. 6 level. A temporary pumping system, consisting of three 6 Vi-horsepower Flygt pumps, one 65-horsepower Flygt pump, and two 20-horsepower S.S.H.B. pumps, was installed at the No. 8 level for the No. 2 winze. In the mill, six flotation cells driven by three 10-horsepower motors and three pumps driven by three 7 Vi-horsepower motors were installed. Duncan Lake (50° 116° S.W.) Two residences, a warehouse, cook-house, Duncan Mine bunk-house, dry, compressor building, shop, and power-plant (The Consolidated building were built and wired for lighting. A 35-kva. 550- Mining and Smelt- volt, a.c. generator supplies power for lighting and motors. ing Company of A fan driven by a 10-horsepower motor ventilates the adit Canada, Limited) which is being driven. A pump driven by a 15-horsepower motor is used to pump water from the lake to the camp. Equipment in the shop taken 10 horsepower in motors. A 15-kva. and a 7Vi-kva. transformer step down the voltage for lighting. A 900-c.f.m. compressor driven by a 175-horsepower diesel supplies air for mining. A 38-horsepower Hunslet diesel locomotive is used on the haulage. Windermere Toby Creek (50° 116° S.E.) Mineral King (Sheep Creek Mines Limited).—A Canadian Ingersoll-Rand vacuum pump driven by a 20-horsepower motor was installed in the concentrator. The blacksmith-shop was moved to a new location and rewired. Kimberley (49° 115° N.W.) In the mine the No. 27 shaft hoist with Sullivan accompanying electrical equipment was moved to a new loca- (The Consolidated tion. At the concentrator a 20-horsepower motor driving a Mining and Smelt- fan was installed in the substation, and a 2-horsepower motor ing Company of driving a fan was installed in the toolroom. A Vi-horsepower Canada, Limited) motor driving a fan and two 2-horsepower motors driving Deister tables were installed in the tin plant. A 5-horsepower motor driving a pump was installed in the sink-and-float plant, and the main power INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 281 switchboard in the float-loading building was rebuilt. A 2-horsepower crane motor was installed in the boiler-shop. A 25-horsepower pump motor was replaced with a 40-horsepower motor; a 7 Vi-horsepower conveyor motor at the 3800 crushing plant was replaced with a 15-horsepower motor; and a 5-horsepower threading-machine motor was replaced with a 10-horsepower motor. The acetylene building was rewired with explosion-proof fittings, and the reagent building and shifters' office were rewired and " no fuse " breakers were installed. A " no fuse " breaker was installed in the carpenters' shop. The lighting circuits on the rougher floor were renovated, and 25-kva. dry-type transformer was installed. Wiring and controls were installed for an automatic sampler. A 65,000- volt oil circuit-breaker and a 69,000-volt ground detector were installed in the step-down substation. Lightning-arresters for 69,000 volts potential were installed in the concentrator substation. A " dead man " control was installed on No. 3 locomotive. Hope Pride of Emory (Giant Nickel Mines Limited).—(49° 121° S.W.) The equipment was overhauled and operation of the property was recommenced. In addition to maintenance and repair work, a 20-horsepower motor was installed for driving the tailings-disposal pump. Howe Sound Britannia (Howe Sound Company, (49° 123° N.E.) When operation of the mine and mill recommenced in 1959, the following electrical work was done. In the Victoria mine, an 18-horsepower motor driving Britannia Division) a slusher was installed on the 2500 level. Four 3-kw. M.G. sets for charging batteries were installed, one on each of the 2300, 2600, 2900, and 3300 levels respectively. A 25-kw. M.G. set was installed on the 4100 level for trolley 250-volt power. Two 7 Vi-horsepower motors driving fans were also installed on the 4100 level. A 250-volt trolley conductor was installed on 234 drift E on the 4100 level. A ..-horsepower grinding wheel was installed on the 2200 level, and a 5-horsepower grinding wheel on the 2600 level. At No. 7 shaft on the 4100 level, a 75-horsepower fan motor and a load- distribution centre were installed. Also on the 4100 level at No. 6 shaft, a 20- horsepower motor driving a slusher was installed. In No. 8 mine thirteen motors driving slushers were installed, distributed as follows: A 30-horsepower on the 4200 level; three 20- and one 50-horsepower on the 4500 level; one 20-, two 30-, and one 50-horsepower on the 4600 level; one 50-horsepower on the 4800 level; and two 30- and one 50-horsepower on the 4900 level. Also installed were a 15-horsepower fan unit on the 4200 level; four 3-kw. M.G. sets for charging batteries, one on each of the 4200, 4300, 4600, and 4800 levels respectively; two 27-kw. M.G. sets for charging batteries on the 4500 and 4800 levels respectively; and one 10-kw. M.G. set for charging batteries on the 5100 level. In the 4100 level portal shops, four grinding wheels were installed, and in the Beach machine-shop a grinding wheel and shaper were converted from belt drive to electric-motor drives. In the mill three cone-crusher feeder conveyors were replaced with one conveyor driven by a 10-horsepower motor, and a Ty Rock screen driven by a 5-horsepower motor. A Dorr classifier driven by a 10-horsepower motor was installed on the grinding floor. One 5- and one 75-horsepower motor driving pumps were installed in the flotation section. A 5-horsepower motor was added to No. 12 conveyor. 282 report of the minister of mines, 1959 Benson (Elk) Lake Empire Development Company Limited.—(50° 127° S.E.) A scalping plant consisting of a magnetic-head pulley and three conveyors was installed immediately following the primary crusher. The connected load for motor-driven equipment has been increased by 95 horsepower. Nimpkish Lake (51° 126° S.W.) A power plant, and a crushing, milling, Nimpkish Iron and separating plant were built in 1959. The power plant Mines, Ltd. consists of two 2,300-volt 3-phase 60-cycle alternators driven by diesel engines. One has a capacity of 650 kw. and the other has a capacity of 200 kw. The crushing equipment consists of a jaw crusher driven by a 75-horsepower 440-volt motor and a cone crusher driven by a 100- horsepower 440-volt motor. The mill contains a rod mill driven by a 32-horsepower 440-volt motor, a vacuum pump driven by a 150-horsepower motor, and four separators driven by 5-horsepower motors. Other equipment consists of conveyors and feeders. Cowichan Lake (48° 124° N.W.) An XVHB-2 Ingersoll-Rand compressor Blue Grouse driven by a 250-horsepower 2,300-volt synchronous motor (Cowichan Copper was installed in the mill to supply air for drills in the mine. Co. Ltd.) The 2,300-volt service which supplied one 225-horsepower 2,300-volt motor was rebuilt to supply both the above-mentioned motors. This service now consists of a main 400-ampere disconnector and oil circuit-breaker and two 200-ampere branch circuit switches, with the essential motor-control equipment. A thousand feet of 440-volt power-line was installed to supply the 7 Vi-horsepower mine water-supply pumps. Head Bay (49° 126° N.W.) A power plant and a separation plant for Hualpai Enter- iron ore were built. The power units consist of the follow- prises Ltd. ing: A 125-kva. Caterpillar diesel generating unit, a 75-kva. Caterpillar diesel generating unit, a 60-kva. General Motors generating unit, and a 60-kva. stand-by unit. The separating plant consists of the following: A jaw crusher driven by a 20- horsepower motor; a cone crusher driven by a 50-horsepower motor; two screens driven by 5-horsepower motors; three magnets energized by three 2-horsepower M.G. sets; one wet separator driven by a 3-horsepower motor; an M.G. set driven by a 5-horsepower motor; a feeder driven by a 7 Vi-horsepower motor; and six conveyors driven by a 25-, a 10-, a 7Vi-, two 5-, and a 3-horsepower motor respectively. At the dock a 60-kva. electric plant supplies the dock loading equipment, which consists mainly of a conveyor driven by a 25-horsepower motor. McDame (59° 129° S.W.) An additional 449-horsepower was added Cassiar Asbestos to the connected load in 1959, as follows: Primary and Corporation secondary screens, conveyors, and aspirating fans requiring Limited 205 horsepower were installed in the mill to handle larger tonnages. A general warehouse was built which requires 31 INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 283 horsepower in electric power. A directors' lodge was built, and the townsite, trailer park, school, and the hospital nurses' quarters were enlarged. These improvements and other miscellaneous additions constitute the remainder of an added load of 213 horsepower. East Kootenay Michel Colliery (The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited) (49° 114° S.W.) On the surface at "A" North mine, two 100-kva. 6,600-550-volt transformers were installed to supply battery-charging equipment and a crane. A 10-kva. 550- 110-volt transformer was installed to supply yard lighting. The power-line serving the "A" South mine fans was rebuilt for 6,600 volts and extended to supply, in addition to the fans, a hoist installation and underground electrical equipment in "A" South when the workings are extended to the surface. This line at present is energized at 2,200 volts, but will be raised to 6,600 volts in 1960. The pumping equipment, switch-gear, and cables which were in a " B " seam slope were moved to "A" East mine. The condensation of moisture in the electrical apparatus caused four failures as follows: Failure of a cable on the Borecut, failure of a motor starter, failure of a tugger cable, and failure of a starter plug. Two dangerous occurrences involving electrical equipment happened in 1959. These occurrences are described in the section on dangerous occurrences. Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1959 Annual Report The names of the properties are arranged alphabetically within five areas. Each area consists of the mining divisions listed below. The table shows the principal metals produced or indicated in the deposits in 1959:— Northern British Columbia.—Atlin, Liard. Central British Columbia.—Cariboo, Clinton, Omineca. Coast and Islands.—Alberni, Nanaimo, New Westminster, Skeena, Vancouver, Victoria. South Central British Columbia.—Greenwood, Kamloops, Lillooet, Nicola, Osoyoos, Similkameen, Vernon. Southeastern British Columbia. — Fort Steele, Golden, Nelson, Revelstoke, Slocan, Trail Creek. Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude t3 •o a v5 a) a a o U •a c. U o c N e _ tc c 3 H B 3 1 u c o -> § cc c s s s M p E 3 1 O v. 5 H J* I -_ 0 c o 6 a < u 3 .3 a 3 — t 3 1 § 3 I 0 • 5k ca a. Northern British Columbia Balsom Group Bird Group Fort Reliance (Toad, Toad River, Beav- Liard 57° 132° N.E. 57° 130° S.W. 58° 125° N.W. 58° 125° N.E. 58° 127° S.E. 53° 121° S.W. 52° 120° S.W. 53° 121° S.W. 54° 126° N.W. 54° 127° N.E. 54° 128° N.E. 54° 128° N.E. 54° 121° S.W. 54° 126° N.E. 55° 127° S.W. 55° 125° N.E. 52° 122° S.E. 55° 123° S.E. 49° 121° S.E. 55° 129° S.E. 48° 124° N.W. 54° 128° N.W. 49° 125° S.W. 49° 125° S.W. 48° 124° N.E. 49° 123° N.E. 49° 125° S.W. 48° 124° N.E. 50° 125° S.E. 49° 123° N.E. 50° 124° S.W. 49° 125° N.W. 55° 129° S.W. l i 2 3 2 3 ~3 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 — ~i - — - — - — 3 - - 6 7 19 21 18 22, A45 24 22, A45 18, A45 17 17 15 22 18 A45 18 23 22 122 10 138 15 137 135 Liard Liard Liard Cariboo— Cariboo Cariboo ... Omineca— Omineca—. Omineca— Omineca— Cariboo — Omineca— Omineca— Omineca— Cariboo— Cariboo.— N. West'r- Skeena .... Victoria.. . Skeena Alberni Alberni . Victoria— Vancouver Alberni— Victoria — Nanaimo— Vancouver Nanaimo— Nanaimo— Skeena Magnum Copper (Al, Caribou, Canyon, Don) — 3 3 ~3 3 - - 3 - Central British Columbia Aurum. - _— Boss Mountain.. . Cariboo Gold Quartz Glacier Gulch Grotto. 2 - - - - McDonald Island Silver Standard Snell Group Tudyah Lake Coast and Islands A.M Avallin. . Beaver Group 2 ~3 3 — — - - - Big Interior Group Blue Grouse Britannia Buccaneer- . _ Bugaboo Creek Iron - — - 138, A46 127, A46 A45 140 131 127 130 135 10 Copper Duke Copper King Domineer. . Double Ed — _... Shipping Mines.—(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. (2) Metal contributed less than 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. Production for 1959 is listed in Table XV. Non-shipping Mines.—(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination. 284 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS 285 Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1959 Annual Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude o 0 L, -t > u _. a a o O •a C3 3 N a _■ _ -0 3 E 3 1 cd 0 c o _ OJ C <- c 1 E 3 'S « tH D E 3 O tH S 0 a H "3 M z E 3 3 OJ •9 £ O 2 o £ a < L, 3 ,5 a 3 I u Q E 3 1 ii 0 a 61 Oh Coast and Islands— Continued Nanaimo . Skeena Skeena Nanaimo . Skeena Victoria-— Nanaimo.. Nanaimo... Alberni Victoria.— Nanaimo... N. West'r.. Nanaimo.. Skeena Skeena Victoria Vancouver Nanaimo... Alberni Skeena Nicola Lillooet Similk'n Kamloops Kamloops Similk'n — Greenw'd.- Lillooet Lillooet Nicola Greenw'd.. Similk'n... Lillooet Nicola Greenw'd Kamloops Similk'n Similk'n Osoyoos Osoyoos — Similk'n Greenw'd- Osoyoos Lillooet Similk'n Vernon Kamloops Kamloops Greenw'd- Kamloops Greenw'd Lillooet. Kamloops Similk'n Greenw'd Nicola Kamloops Nicola 50° 127° N.E. 56° 130° S.E. 52° 131° S.E. 49° 126° N.W. 54° 128° S.W. 48° 123° N.W. 49° 124° S.E. 50° 127° S.E. 49° 125° S.W. 48° 124° N.W. 50° 126° S.W. 49° 121° S.W. 50° 127° S.E. 56° 129° S.W. 56° 130° S.E. 48° 124° S.E. 49° 124° N.E. 49° 124° N.W. 49° 125° S.W. 55° 129° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 122° N.W. 49° 120° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 120° S.W. 49° 119° S.E. 50° 122° N.W. 50° 122° N.W. 50° 121° S.E. 49° 119° S.E. 49° 120° S.W. 51° 122° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° N.W. 49° 120° S.W. 49° 120° N.W. 49° 119° S.E. 49° 120° S.E. 49° 119° S.W. 49° 119° S.E. 49° 119° S.W. 50° 122° N.W. 49° 120° N.W. 50° 118° N.W. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 122° N.W. 51° 119° N.W. 49° 120° N.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 3 3 3 — 2 - - - — 132 7 Harriet Harbour 2 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 - 3 — — 11 134, A45 15 King Solomon Matteer... Merry Widow, King- 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 ~2 2 - 140 131, A45 132 A46 138 Nimpkish, Klaanch- Pride of Emory 133, A46 124, A46 Red Cliff 8 Sunloch, Gabbro 141 Taiga Mines Texada (Prescott, Paxton, Yellow Kid, Yellow — - - — — 3 127 Tofino . .. . 137 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 "I 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 — 8, A46 34 South Central British Columbia 25 B Group 53 29 34 119 Bounty Fraction. Bralorne— 57, A46 26, A47 28 Cadamet . _ Cariboo-Amelia Copper Mountain Copper Nos. 1 to 4... Craigmont - - ~ - 30 56 A47 25 31 D.M 39 Fairview.. . 56, A47 55, A47 -■ 3 3 3 - - — Horn Silver 56 28 Lodestone Mountain 39 Matt Minex-Amador 38 30 58, A46 35 58, A46 27, A47 39 35 58 36 29 38 Noranda Exploration Pioneer. Rexspar Salem Stemwinder Torwest Trojan Vanex. 286 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1959 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS REFERRED TO IN THE 1959 ANNUAL Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude "3 o O L, ii > (H ii 3 D O 0 a 3 N 3 ii CU 3 l 6 3 1 ■o ed U | s c S E 3 3 c. tH E 3 1 O u s 0 3 H M (J z E 3 3 ii •a >, "o § 1 q 1-1 3 ft to b a u s 3 '£ cd E u ii C u Southeastern British Columbia Vimy Ridge Nicola Nelson.. Slocan . Revelstoke Nelson. Slocan Revelstoke Slocan . Slocan Slocan Nelson. Fort Steele Slocan Nelson Nelson . Nelson Slocan . Slocan Slocan Nelson . Trail Cr'k.. Golden Nelson Slocan Slocan.. Slocan Revelstoke Revelstoke Slocan.. Slocan. Slocan Slocan Slocan Revelstoke Fort Steele Golden Fort Steele Nelson Nelson Slocan Golden Nelson Golden Nelson Slocan. Slocan. Slocan Nelson Slocan Slocan Slocan Revelstoke Fort Steele Nelson Slocan Nelson Slocan Trail Cr'k. Slocan Trail Cr'k Revelstoke Slocan ... Slocan Slocan 50° 120° S.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 50° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 50° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. " 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 116° S.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 118° N.E. 51° 118° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 51° 118° S.E. 51° 118° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 50° 116° S.W. 49° 117°N.E. 51° 118° N.E. 49° 115° S.W. 50° 116° S.E. 49° 116° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 116° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 50° 116° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 51° 118° S.E. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 50° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 2 '2 3 '2 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 ~2 3 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - .... - Z — I z I 35 62 Banker 66, A48 70 61 A48 70 Bluebell 64, A48 70, A48 Caledonia Double " B " — Estella 67, A48 62 A47 70, A48 Gold Belt A48 Goodenough, Ymir... H.B. 61 61, A48 1 66, A49 ■ 68, A48 J.G 71 62, A48 Kilarney Kinbasket Kootenay Belle. L.T. A49 104 A48 A49 66, A49 1 ! ! ] A 49 1 1 . 1 ' 1 1 1117 Little Slide .... z z z z - --' z z 118 69, A49 A49 A49 Mag 72 69, A49 Mastodon Midway Mineral King , Molly 106 A47 74, A47 74 Nugget 61 73 - - A49 Ptarmigan — 90, A47 A48 89 Reeves MacDonald... Richmond-Eureka Ruth Scranton Second Relief Silver Mountain Silversmith, etc. Snap, Lucky Jim Stanmack 63, A48 68, A49 68, A49 67 A48 68, A49 68 68 105 73, A47 Tamarac _ Texas, Cowboy, Fourth of July Tungsten King Utica Velvet 61.A48 67 63 67 60, A49 Victor W.D 68, A49 60, A49 Wagner Westmont Wonderful - Yale 70 70, A49 69 A49 INDEX Page "A" East mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 268 "A" North mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 270 "A" West mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 269 A.M., 49° 121° S.E 122 A. V. Richardson Ltd. 198 AX, 50° 120° S.W 35 Abbey, J. E. 196 Abbey Pit, sand and gravel 196 Abbotsford Gravel Sales 193 Abco Mines Limited 137 Aberdeen group, 50° 120° S.W. 34 accidents, coal mines 255 lode mines, placer mines, and quarries 230 Ace Mining Company Ltd. 25 Ad Astra Minerals Ltd. 145 Addison, Albert 264 Administration Branch A 51 aeromagnetic mapping A 59 Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W 66 air photography and topographic mapping A 66 Al, 58° 125° N.E. .__. 21 Alameda group, 50° 120° S.W 36 Alaska Highway 19 Alexander, B. L. .... 130 Alice, 49° 119° S.E. 56 Alice, 55° 129° S.E. 10 Alice Arm, 55° 129° S.E. 8 Allan, A. 21 Allard, T. B. 188 Allied Mining Services Limited 137 Alsek River, 59° 137° S.W 6 Amador Highland Valley Coppers Ltd... 30 American Creek, 56° 129° S.W. 8 Page ■ 6,7 . 24 . 17 American Metal Climax, Inc., Balsom.... Boss Mountain Glacier Gulch American Zinc, Lead and Smelting Company 63 Americonda Mines Limited 61 Anderson, C. 66 Anderson, James 270 Anglo Canadian Cement Ltd. 195 antimony, deposits (see table) 284 production A 16, A 24, A 29 Antler Creek, 53° 121° S.E., placer 148 Analytical and Assay Branch A 55 Apps, G. E. 138 Argus Consolidated Mines Limited 131 Arishenkoff, M. M. A 48, 201 Armstrong, J. E. A 68 Armstrong, W. 195 Armstrong Pit, sand and gravel 195 arsenious oxide, production A 31 Art group, 50° 120° S.W. 143 asbestos 150 production A 16, A 25, A 31 Ash, 49° 120° S.W. 54 Aspen, 49° 117° S.E. 62 Aspen Creek, 49° 117° S.E. 61 electrical installation 279 Aspen Grove Property, 49° 120° N.W.—- 35 Associated Enterprises Limited 186 Atkinson, N. Evans 148 Atlas mineral claims, 52° Atlin, placer __ 122° N.E 144 145 Atlin Mining Division A 61 Aurum, 53° 121° S.W. A 45, 22 Austin, William 127 Austin, William Stanley , 232 Avallin Mines Limited 138 Avison, R. A. 69 B B group, 49° 120° S.W 53 " B" South mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 271 B.C. Clay Products Limited 155 B.C. Nickel Mines, Ltd. 126 B. and G. Sand and Gravel Ltd. 191 BO group, 50° 120° S.W 143 Babine Lake, 54° 126° N.E. 18 Bacon, W. R. 14 Bahrynowski, Thomas 239 Bailer, C. J - 67 Baker Brick & Tile Company Limited 156 Baldy Mountain strip mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 272 Ball, Clive W. 34 Ballam, W. 191 Balsom, 57° 132° N.E 6 Bamberton, 48° 123° N.W. 154 Banker, 49° 116° Bannockburn, 50° Bapty, H. N.W. A 48, 66 117° N.E 70 barite 151 production A 16, A 25, A 31 Barker, H. G. 61 Barnet, 49° 122° S.W., clay and shale.— 155 Baroid of Canada, Ltd. 151 Barrett-Leonard, W. J. 187, 194 Barron group, 52° 119° N.E. 144 Baynes, E. G. 155, 189 Bazan Bay, 48° 123° N.E., clay and shale 155 Beale, W. S. 174 Beale Quarries Division 174 Bear Creek Brick Company 155 Beaver group, 54° 128° N.W. 15 Beaver Lake, 58° 125° N.W 19 Beaverdell, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Bedwell River Gold Mines Limited A 45 Beggs Gulch, 53° 121° S.E., placer 148 Bell, J. 15 Bennie, W. 265 Benson (Elk) Lake, 50° 127° S.E 132 electrical installation 282 287 INDEX bentonite, production Page -A 31 Berton Gold Mines Ltd. _ 137 Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd 29 electrical installation 277 Betty Lou, 50° 120° S.W. 34 Betty Lou group, 50° 120° S.W 143 Bick, R. 133 Big Ben, 49° 120° S.W 119 Big Bend of Columbia River, 49° 117° S.W. 90 Big Flame mine, 49° 123° S.W. 264 Big Interior group, 49° 125° S.W. 135 Big Mac, 49° 117° S.E 61 Big Valley Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 147 Biggs, J. S 55 Billingsley, J. R. - 138 Birch Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer 146 Birch Island, 51° 119° N.W 39 Bird, N. 7 Bird Nos. 1-46, 57° 130° S.W 7 Birkett Creek Mine Operators Ltd. 31 electrical installation 278 bismuth, production A 16, A 24, A 29 Black, J. M. 12 Black Bess, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Black Diamond, 49° 116° N.W. A 48 Black Diamond, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Blackham, A. 192 Blackham's Construction Limited 192 Black Warrior, 50° 117° N.E 70 Blair, H. 198 Blakey, K. B., Chief Gold Commissioner and Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas A 2 blasting certificate suspensions 245 Bloomer, T. O. 149 Blue, G. E., petroleum engineer A 59 Blue Flame Colliery, 49° 120° S.W. ... _ 266 Blue Grouse, 48° 124° N.E. electrical installation A 46, 138 282 Bluebell, 49° 116° N.W. A 48, 64 Bluewater Creek, 51° 117° N.E. 90 Board of Arbitration A 60 Board of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials A 57, 262 Bonar, R. B., Deputy Chief Inspector of Mines A 57, A58 reports by 176,197,251,262 Bonaventure, 50° 116° S.W. 73 Bond, F. 273 Bond, Reuben 176 Border Sand and Gravel Company 194 Bordula, E. 68 Boreas Mines Limited ____ ._ 149 Bornite 7-20, 34-42, 50° 120° S.W 35 Boss Mountain, 52° 120° S.W. 24 Bostock, H. H. A 68 Bosun, 49° 117° N.E A 48, 70 Bouillion, Adelard 231 Bounty, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Bounty Fraction, 49° 119° S.E. A 46, 57 Boy 1-4 Fractions, 49° 117° S.E 142 Page Bralorne, 50° 122° N.W A 47, 26 Bralorne Mines Limited 26 Bralorne Pioneer Mines Limited, Ace claims 25 Bralorne Division A 47, 26 electrical installation 277 Pioneer Division A 47, 27 Snell group 18 Bray, F. 195 .A 16, A 26, A 33 186 Bridge River, 50° 122° N.W. 25 bricks, production Bridge, C. W. electrical installation 277 Bridge River United Mines Ltd. 28 briquette plant 273 briquetting 255 Brisco, 50° 116° N.E., barite 151 Britannia, 49° 123° N.E... electrical installation -A 46, 127 281 Britannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited British American Pipeline Company 207 British Columbia Cement Company Limited, cement 154 limestone 176 British Columbia Electric Company Limited 206 British Columbia Lightweight Aggregates Ltd. 155 British Columbia Mining Association, Safety Division 250 Bronlund, E. 18 Brooks mineral claims, 52° 122° N.E 144 Brossard, R. A. 58 Broswick, Nick 148 Brown, Albert 257 Bryant, A. E 7 Bryden, T. 266 Brynelsen, B. O'. 22, 35, 140 Buccaneer, 49° 125° S.W A 45 Buckland, F. C. 127 Buckland, J. H 149 Buerk, J. E 197 Bugaboo Creek Iron, 48° 124° N.E 140 building stone 152 production A 16, A 26, A 33 Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited 273 bumps and outbursts, coal mines 261 Burgess, A. A 48 Burquitlam Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd 188 Burnaby, Corporation of the Municipality of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel . 187 Burnett, W. B 22, 55 Burns, D. 133 Burrows, A. L. 122 Burton, R. W 8 Buster mineral claims, 52° 122° N.E 144 butane production, 1958 and 1959 223 Butler Brothers Supplies Ltd 197 Butler Brothers Supplies (Duncan) Ltd... 198 by-product plant, Michel 272 INDEX 289 CAM Nos. 2 and 4, 50° 120° S.W. C.O.D., 49° 118° S.W CU 1-20 mineral claims, 50° 120° Cadamet Mines Limited Page . 38 . 58 S.W.. 143 30, 39 cadmium, deposits (see table) 284 production _A 16, A 24, A 29, A 45 Caine, Martin 22 Caledonia, 50° 117° S.E A 48, 67 Caledonia Mines Limited A 48, 66, 67 Callan, D. M., assistant geologist A 59 Cameron, Mrs. R. Camp McKinney, 49 249 ._ 56 ._ 278 . 25 _ 64 ..A 68 119° S.E.. electrical installation Campbell, C. M., Jr Campbell, D. S Campbell, R. B. Canada Copper Corporation Ltd 58 Canada Girl 1-8 mineral claims, 59° 129° S.W. 144 Canada Radium Corporation Limited 56 Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited 263 Canadian Collieries Resources Limited 134, 198, 249, 265 Canadian Creek, 53° 121° S.E., placer____ 148 Canadian Exploration Limited, competition electrical installation Jersey ..A 48 Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 249 279 62 250 Canadian Johns Manville Company 250 Canadian National Railway 191 Canal Flats, 50° 115° S.W., gypsum 167 Canam Copper claims, 49° 121° S.E 143 Canam Copper Company Ltd 122 Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. Canyon, 58° 125° N.E.. Caoilano Crushing Co. Ltd Cariboo-Amelia, 49° 119° S.E. electrical installation Cariboo area, lode metals placer 34 21 186 56 278 22 147 Cariboo Gold Quartz, 53° 121° S.W. A 45, 22 Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, The A 45, 22 fatal accidents 234, 240 Cariboo Mining Division A 62 Caribou, 58° 125° N.E 21 Carnegie Mining Corporation Limited, Silversmith A 48, 68 Wonderful A 49, 69 Carnes Creek, 51° 118° S.E 106 Carr, J. M., geologist A 58 reports by 29-31,34-35,39,53-54 Carlson, Oscar Carriere, Levitt J Carruthers, R. B. Carruthers and Wakelem No. 49° 124° S.E Cartwright, F. W... 3 mine, 146 146 264 264 62 Casino Red Cap, 49° 117° S.W.__ 60 Cassarini, Aldo Alexander 257 Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited.... 150 electrical installation 282 fatal accident 239 Cassidy, Walter Maitland 235 Cassidy Sand and Gravel Ltd 198 Catermole Construction Co 190 Page Cathcart, H. W 140 Cedar Creek, 52° 121° N.W., placer 148 Cellardor Mines Ltd 140 cement 154 production ..A 16, A 26, A 33 Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association 248 Central Records Offices A 51 Central Sand and Gravel Company Limited 18 5 certificates of competency 248 Chalco, 50° 125° S.E 131 Chalmers, H. J. 73 Chambers, R. H 263 Chambers No. 5 mine, 49° 123° S.W._ 263 Champion and White Limited 197 Chaplin, R. E. 24 Chapman, D. L. 24, 119 Chapman, William Charles, Trevor Chase, E. M. .268, 272 193 35 Cheam Marl Products Ltd. 178 Cheam View, 49° 121° S.W., building- stone 152 Cherry Creek, 50° 120° N.W 38 Cherry Creek Property, 50° 120° N.W... 143 Chester, Daniel 268 Childress, W. H., instructor A 57 Chilliwack, 49° 121° S.W., building-stone 153 Chilliwack, The Corporation of the Township of, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 191 Chilliwhack District Municipality, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 191 China Creek, 53° 121° S.E., placer 148 Chip No. 8 claim, 50° 120° S.W 35 Chip claims, 50° 119° S.W. 143 Christensen, A. A. 175 Christensen, A. D. 130 Christensen, P. O. 175 Christian, J. D. 150 chromium, deposits (see table) 284 production A 29 Churchill, M. A., engineering assistant... A 59 Chutine Lake, 57° 131° N.W 6 Clark, H. G. 194 Clark Sand and Gravel 194 clay and shale 154 production A 16, A 26, A 33 Clayburn-Harbison Ltd. 154 Clayton, B. L. 137 Cleeve, J. F 267 Clinton, 51° 121° S.E 25 Clinton Mining Division A 62 Clothier, R. L. 23 Clubine, L. R 63 coal -— 251 employment in mines A 43 fees and licences A 55 price A 14 production 251-254 samples A 56 coal dust 260 coal-preparation plants 255 Coalmont, 49° 120° N.W., pyrophyllite.___ 184 Coast Copper Company, Limited 133 cobalt. Droduction A 29 Cobble Hill, 48° 123° N.W., limestone .. 176 Cochrane, J. 265 290 INDEX Page Coffee Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 147 coke, production A 37 coke-making 255 Coldwater Coal Mines 266 Colebrook Sand & Gravel Company Limited 195 Coleman Collieries Limited 273 Collishaw, R. 53 Colthorp, P. E. 67 Columbia Bitulithic Limited 188, 190, 192 Columbia River, 49° 117° S.W., placer.... 149 Columbia River. Big Bend of, 49° 117° S.W. 90 Comox, 49° 124° N.W., coal 265 Complex group, 50° 120° S.W 36 condensate, natural-gasoline, butane, propane, and sulphur production, 1958 and 1959 223 Congress mine 25 Connell, F. M. 150 Conservation Committee A 60 Consolidated Exploration Company Ltd. 12 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, The, A.M. 1.2 Aspen 62 Bluebell A 48, 64 Double Ed 10 electric power 275 electrical installation 279, 280 Fairview A 47, 56 Frances 132 H.B. A 48, 61 J.G. 71 Kinbasket 104 limestone 173 Mag 72 mine-rescue competition 249 Molly 74 Salem 35 silica 201 Sullivan A 47, 73 Consolidated Woodgreen Mines Limited . .. - .____._ A 46, 58 electrical installation 278 Construction Aggregates Ltd 196 Continental Consolidated Mines Ltd 58 Conwest-Balsom group, 57° 132° N.E. ... 144 Conwest Exploration Company Limited, Balsom 6 Beaver group 15 West group 18 Cooper, H. O. A 49 Cooper, J. A. 67 Cooper, L. 265 Cooper, M. A. 30 Page copper, deposits (see table) 284 price A 14 production A 15, A 23, A 27, A 45 Copper Duke, 49° 123° S.E 127 Copper King, 50° 124° S.W 130 Copper Mountain, 49° 120° S.W A 47 Copper Nos. 1 to 4, 51° 122° S.W 25, 144 Coquitlam, Corporation of the District of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel..... 187 Corona Group, 50° 120° S.W 36 Corrigan, Harry 269 Cosburn, S.S., mineral engineer A 59 Cowboy, 50° 117° S.E 67 Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd A 46, 132, 138 electrical installation 282 Cowichan Lake, 48° 124° N.E 138 electrical installation 282 Cox, B. Franklin 154, 176 Craggy mineral claim 6 Craig, J. 194 Craigmont, 50° 120° S.W 31 electrical installation 278 Craigmont Mines Limited 31, 39 Craig's Pit 194 Cranbrook, 49° 115° N.W., placer 149 Creery, L. C. 18 Crescent, 49° 118° S.W A 46 Creston, 49° 116° S.W 73 sand and gravel 185 Cripps, R. H. 195 Crockart, J. . 167 Cronin, 54° 126° N.W A 45, 18 Crowe, Howard 239 Crowe-Swords, R. 70 Crown 21-28 34 Crown Silver, 49° 118° S.W 58 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, The 260, 267 electrical installation 283 crude oil, disposition, 1959 224 disposition, 1958 226 production by fields and pools, 1958 and 1959 216 production by months 217 value by months to producers, 1955 to 1959 228 crude-oil, natural-gas, and water production, 1954 to 1959 215 crude-oil pipe-line 207 Cullen, A. 265 Cullinane, J. A. 70 Cultus Lake, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 192 Cunningham Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer 148 Curie, Harold 188 Cytko, William 269 D D.M., 50° 120° N.W 39 dangerous occurrences, coal mines . 261 metal mines and quarries 243 Davey, Andrew 271 Davidson, A. M. 178 Davies, N. B. 15 De Rosa, E A 49, 69 de Voogd, A. C. N 122 de Yaeger, J. 57 Deadman River, 51' ash Dee mineral claims, Deeks-McBride Ltd. 120° S.W., volcanic —_. 181 49° 120° S.W 142 clay division 155 sand and gravel 187, 188, 192, 195 Deep Gulch Mines Ltd. 53 Deep Gulch Mining Syndicate 54 Delia Lake, 49° 125° S.W 135 INDEX 291 Delta, Corporation of the District of, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 196 Department of Highways, sand and gravel, Dewdney 190 Hope 191 Langley 193 Matsqui 192 Mission 190 Sumas 192 Surrey 195 Yale 190 Department of Mines and Technical Surveys A 68 departmental work A 51 Derry, G. A. 10 Devils Lake Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 147 Dewdney, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel 190 Di Meo, Antonio 238 diatomite 156 production A 16, A 25, A 31 diesel locomotives, coal mines 260 Dingo (Lot 87), 52° 131° S.E 14 disposition of crude oil and natural gas, 1959 224, 225 Ditmars, W. C. 153 Divide group, 50° 121° S.E 30 dividends, coal mines A 41 copper mines A 41 lode-gold mines A 39 paid, 1958 and 1959 A 38 paid yearly, 1917 to 1959 A 38 silver-lead-zinc mines A 40 Page 273 Dockrill, F. M. Dodger, 49° 117° S.E., electrical installation 279 Dodo group, 50° 121° S.E 144 Doelle, H. E 74 Dolmage, Mason and Stewart 266 Domineer, 49° 125° N.W 135 Dominion Tar & Chemical Company Limited 175 Don, 58° 125° N.E 21 Donald, J. B 64 Donelly, F. 60 Doratty, Robert 271 Double "B" group, 49° 117° S.E 62 Double Ed, 55° 129° S.W 10 Doyle, N. 61 drain-tile, production A 16, A 26, A 33 Drip claims, 49° 119° S.E 142 Drumheller, J. L. 68 Drury, R. T. :__.__ 73 Dueck Ready Mix Ltd 192, 195 Duncan Lake, 50° 116° S.W., electrical installation .... 280 Duncan mine, 50° 116° S.W., electrical installation 280 Dunmore mines group, 50° 120° S.W..... 143 Dunn, A. 263 Dupont, L. —._ 193 Dupont Bros. 193 dust control 246 Duthie, R. G 31 E E. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd.—187, 189 East Kootenay, electrical installation _. 283 East Kootenay First Aid Competition 74 East Kootenay Inspection District 266 East Kootenay Mine Safety Association . 248, 267 Eastwood, G. E. P., geologist A 58 report by 39-53 Ecclestone, T. 265 Ehlers, J. 124 Eivenmark, Ivan 195 El Alamein, 49° 120° N.W 53 Elderkin, Lawrence 195 Elderkin's Excavating Ltd. 195 Eldridge, G. S. 35 electric power 275 coal mines 277 lode mines 275 non-metallic mines and quarries 276 placer mines 276 electricity, coal mines 260 Ellis Syndicate 70 Elm, 49° 120° S.W. 54 Elsmere, 50° 117° N.E. 70 Emerald, 49° 117° S.E., electrical installation 279 Emma. 49° 119° S.E 56 Emms, J. 191 Empire Development Company Limited A 46, 132, 133 electrical installation 282 fatal accident 236 employment, coal mines A 43, 255 lode-metal mines A 43, A 50 mining industry A 43 Endersby, A A 48, 61, 201 Enemark, T. 153 Enemark Construction Limited 153 Enterprise, 49° 117° N.E. 69 Enterprise Placers 146 Erickson, E. A. : 62 Estella, 49° 115° N.W. — A 47 Etta mineral claims, 50° 120° S.W. 143 Eva, 49° 120° S.W. 54 Evans, A. 187 Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited „. 189,197,198 Ewart, T. G. 267 examinations for assayers A 57 explosives, coal mines 259 lode mines and quarries 245 Extension, 49° 123° S.W. 263 Extension mine, 49° 123° S.W. 264 292 INDEX F Page . 240 158 Faircrest, Colin L. Fairey & Company Limited Fairview Camp, 49° 119° S.W A 47, 56 Falconer, D. K. 146 Farrell, Gordon 154, 176 Farrell, James A. 131 Fat Chance, 50° 120° N.E 143 fatal accidents, coal mines 255 lode mines, placer mines, and quarries 230 Feeney Pit, 49° 117° S.E., sand and gravel 186 Ferguson, 50° 117° N.E 70 Ferraro Gravel Pit, sand and gravel 186 field office, petroleum and natural gas 204 field work, British Columbia Department of Mines A 58 Geological Survey of Canada A 68 first aid 247 Florence, 48° 118° S.W 58 fluorspar, production A 31 flux, production A 16, A 25, A 31 Fort Langley, 49° 122° S.E., clay and shale 155 Page Fort Reliance Minerals Limited 19 Fort Steele, 49° 115° N.W., placer 149 Foster, C. N 193 Foster's Gravel Pit, sand and gravel 193 Fournier, Lee 148 Fourth of July, 50° 117° S.E 67 Fox, D. H 194 Fox, George F. 198 Fox Pit, sand and gravel 194 Frances, 50° 127° N.E 132 Fraser Valley Lime Supplies 173 Frebold, H. A 68 Freeman, Frank 148 French, 49° 120° S.E. A 47, 55 French Mines Ltd. A 47, 55 electrical installation 278 Fried, L. A 49, 68, 69 Frobisher, M. 265 Frobisher Limited 6 Fuite, J. 146 Fulton, H. B., mineral engineer A 59 Fyles, J. T., geologist A 58 reports by 71-72,74-119 G. H. Phillips Contracting Co. Ltd 188 G. & H. Sand and Gravel Company Ltd... 197 G.M. and H. Construction Company Limited 187 Gabbro, 48° 124° S.E 141 Gabrielse, H A 68 Galena Farm, 49° 117° N.E.. Gallagher, J. W Gallo, J Garnett, W. E. gas-gathering system Gatenby, L. B. Geigerich, J. R. .-A 48, 70 54 —70,71 35, 36 206 29 73 Gem, 49° 120° S.W 54 Geminder, W. 56 general review A 10 lode metals 3 Geojimal Mining Development Co. Ltd... 131 Geological Survey of Canada, field work A 68 publications A 69 George, R. E. 190 George Creek, 53° 122° N.E., placer 147 germanium, deposits (see table) 127, 284 Germansen River, 55° 124° N.W., placer 146 Gerrard, S. 266 Gething, L. 273 Gething, Q. F. (King) 274 Giant Mascot Mines Limited 152 Giant Nickel Mines Limited, electrical installation 281 fatal accident 232 Pride of Emory A 46, 124 Gibson, W. Clark 124 Gilbart, K. C, petroleum engineer A 59 Gilchrist, P A 48, 66 Gilleland, H. B. 11 Gilley, J. H. 153, 189 Gilley, James C. 153, 189 Gilley Bros. Limited 153 Maryhill Division 189 Gilmour, H 264 Girou, Roger 269 Glacier Gulch, 54° 127° N.E 17 Gleed, Thomas F 267 Glover, M. H. A A 60 Gnawed Mountain group, 50° 120° S.W. 143 Godbout, Lucien 176, 238 Godkin, Maxwell 238 Golconda, 49° 119° S.W. 56 gold, deposits (see table) 284 price A 14 production A 15-A 23, A 27, A 45 Gold Belt, 49° 117° S.E. A 48 Gold Commissioners and Mining Recorders A 52 office statistics A 53 Gold Gozzan, 50° 120° S.W 36 Gold Placer Lease 1440, 55° 123° N.E... 144 Goldsmitwh, G. A. 148 Goodenough, 49° 117° S.E 61 Gordon, G. A. 62 Gough, S. 265 Gower, J. A. 30, 38 Gowing, O. W. A 48 Graham, Ronald F. 265 Graham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited... 30 Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited, The, Copper Nos. 1 to 4 25 Pride of Emory 126 Granduc, 56° 130° S.E 7 Granduc Mines, Limited 7 Granisle Copper Limited 18 Granite Falls, 49° 122° S.W., building- stone 153 granules, production A 16, A 25, A 31 Greenwood, 49° 118° S.W 58 electrical installation 278 Greer, J. 248 Gregory, A. K. 191 Gregory, William 268 Greiser, Willi W. 27, 237 INDEX 293 Page Gresley, Edward 197 Greyell Slough, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 191 Grieve, Walter 196 Griffin, D. L., mineral engineer A 59 Grotto, 54° 128° N.E 17 Grub Gulch, 53° 121° S.W., placer 148 grub-stake statistics A 61 Page grub-staking prospectors A 60 Guiget, M. 22 Gwyneth Lake, 50° 122° N.W 28 gypsum 166 production A 16, A 25, A 31 Gypsum, Lime & Alasbastine Limited 167, 175 H ..A 48, 61 H.B., 49° 117° S.E electrical installation 279 H.C.R. Fraction, 50° 120° S.W 35 H.C.S. Fraction, 50° 120° S.W 35 H.G. Mining Company Limited A 47 H. L. Hill and Associates 69 H.M., 54° 128° N.E 15 HS 1-12 mineral claims, 50° 120° S.W... 143 H & W Mining Company Limited 56 electrical installation 278 H.W.D., 50° 120° S.W 35 Hadgkiss, J. 155, 189 Hagen, Einar 6 Haile, Joseph J., instructor A 57 Hall Creek, 50° 117° N.E 70 Halley, J. Kenneth 130 Halstead, E. C. A 68 Ham, A. M. 69 Hammond Pioneer Sand and Gravel Company . _. 190 Haney, 49° 122° S.W., building-stone.— 155 Haney Brick and Tile Ltd. 155, 189 Hank group, 50° 120° S.W 143 Hans groups I, II, and III, 57° 130° N.E. 144 Hansard, 54° 121° S.W. 22 Hanson, V. C. A 49, 69 Harbour Natural Resources Limited 176 Harder, A. H. 138 Hargood, H. W 147 Harriet Harbour, 52° 131° S.E 11 Harrison, Patrick 196 Hartland, C. A 48, 66 Haskins, R. E. 154, 176 Hat Creek, 50° 121° N.W., coal 266 Hat Creek Coal Company 266 Head Bay, 49° 126° N.E., electrical installation 282 Heaton, William 164 Heddle, D. W 36 Hedley, 49° 120° S.E 55 electrical installation 278 Hedley, M. S., Senior Geologist A 58 reports by 3, 55, 58, 140 Hemgord, C. 148 Hemsworth, F. J. 58 Herbert Inlet, 49° 125° S.W 137 Higgins, C. 56 High, S. .. 239 High, W 265 Highland-Bell, 49° 119° S.E. A 46, 57 Highland-Bell Limited A 46, 57 Highland Sand and Gravel Company Limited 187, 194 Highland Valley area 29' electrical installation 277 Highlander, 49° 116° N.W A 48, 66 Highway Construction Co. Ltd. 191 Hill mineral claims, 52° 122° N.E 144 Hill Starck and Associates 7, 18 Hillside Sand & Gravel Limited ....... 197 Hind, John 148 Hixon Creek, 53° 122° S.W., placer 147 Hixon Placers Inc. 147 Hoadley, J. W 17 Hobbs, A. W A 60 Hodgson, W. L 56 Holdfast Natural Resources Ltd. 180 Holland, Stuart S., geologist A 58 reports by 6, 15, 19-22 Holmes, L. 196 Hoo, 50° 120° S.W. 35 Hope, 49° 117° N. E. _ ....A 48, 68 Hope, 49° 121° S. E electrical installation sand and gravel Hope Cement Works Horn Silver, 49° 119° S.W. Hornby, Harry 124 280 191 191 56 194 194 90 Hornby General Machinery Company. Horsethief Chief, 50° 116° N.E Howard, Ernest 25 Howe Sound, 49° 123° S.E 127 electrical installation 281 sand and gravel 196 Howe Sound Company (Britannia Division) A 46, electrical installation Hualpai Enterprises Ltd. electrical installation _ Hubbs, G. H. D. ... Huestis, H. H. 127 .. 281 A 45, 134 282 127 24, 29 Huestis Molybdenum Corporation Ltd. 15, 17 Hughes, E. R., Senior Inspector of Mines.A 57 Hughes, J. E., geologist A 58 Hughes, Sidney 269 Hulbert, Vans H. 270 Hungerford, R. M. 154 Hunstone, R. W. 56 Hunter, I. A. 201 Huntingdon Pit, sand and gravel 192 Hurley River Mines, Ltd. 28 Hutchinson, L. 265 Huus, P., engineering assistant A 59 hydromagnesite, production A 31 Hykaway, Bill 146 294 INDEX Page Ideal Cement Company Ltd. 174 Imperial Limestone Company Limited .... 175 Independent Ventures Limited 188 Indian Arm, 49° 122° S.W., building- stone 153 Indian Mines (1946) Ltd 131 Indian Mission, sand and gravel 190 Indian River Quarries Limited 153 indium, production A 16, A 24, A 29 industrial minerals 150 production A 15, A 16, A 22, A 25, A 27, A 31 Industrial Peat Products Ltd 196 Industrial Peat Products Pit, sand and gravel 196 Ingram, W. L., petroleum engineer A 59 Inland Natural Gas Co. Ltd 206 Inland Resources Company Limited 266 J.B., 54° 128° N.E 15 JB group, 50° 120° S.W 143 J.G., 50° 116° S.W. 71 Jack, Gene 146 Jack Cewe Blacktop Ltd. 189 Jackson, J. C. 137 James, A. R. C, Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57, A 58, 262 reports by ..22-29, 124-127, 147-148, 185, 266 James, F. L. Jeffery, W. G., geologist _ ... A 58 report by 11-14 Jernslet, E. N., field survey assistant A 59 Page Inspection Branch A 57 inspection committees, coal mines 260 inspection of electrical equipment and installations at mines, quarries, and . well drilling rigs 275 inspectors and resident engineers A 57 instructors, mine-rescue stations A 57 Intermountain Construction Ltd. 29 International Iron Mines Ltd. 133, 240 Irish, E. J. W. A 68 iron, deposits (see table) 284 Iron Mountain, 49° 117° S.E. 62 Iron Mountain, 54° 128° S.W 15 iron ore, production A 16, A 24, A 29 iron oxides, production A 16, A 32 Irvine, W. T. 133 Ivy, 49° 120° S.W. 54 Jersey, 49° 117° S.E. A 48, 62 electrical installation 279 Jessie claim (Lot 1861), 52° 131° S.E..— 12 Jessiman, K. 152 John T. Ryan Trophy 249 Johnston, E. 189 Jones, W. C, geologist A 58 Jordan River, 48° 124° S.E. 141 Jorgensen, Daniel 148 Jot Fraction, 50° 120° S.W 35 Joubin, F. R 18, 25 Joyann group, 49° 120° S.W. 142 Jumbo Creek, 50° 116° S.E 74 K K.M., 49° 120° N.W. Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E. 142 39 Kamloops Mining Division A 62 Karop, T. 184 Kechika River, 59° 127° N.E 18 Kehoe, Ray 197 Keithley Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer.... 148 Kelly, John 148 Kennco Explorations (Western) Limited, Alice 10 Balsom 6 Bird 7 Matt 38 Minex-Amador 30 Kennedy, Robert 130 Kent, Corporation of the District of, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 190 Keremeos, 49° 119° S.W. 56 Keremeos Mines Ltd. 56 electrical installation 278 Keystone Placers 148 Kidd, D. F. 106 Kiernan, Hon. W. K., Minister of Mines _ A 2 Kilarney, 49° 118° N.E. A 49 Kilgard, 49° 122° S.E., clay and shale._. 154 Kimaclo Mines Limited 23 Kimberley, 49° 115° N.W. 73 electrical installation 280 placer 149 Kinbasket, 51° 118° N.E. 104 Kinbasket Lake, 51° 118° N.E 90 Kindrat, P. 18 King, R. B., Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57, 250 King Gething mines 274 King Solomon, 48° 123° N.W 140 Kingfisher, 50° 127° S.E. A 46 Kinney, L. M. 63 Kinvig, T. E. 148 Kirbyville Creek, 51° 118° N.W., placer 149 Kirkland, A. G. 127 Kirkpatrick, W. 190 Kirkpatrick, W. S. 73 Kirkpatrick Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd.— 190 Kitimat, 53° 128° N.W. 15 Kitsul Bros. 194 Kitsumkalum Lake, 54° 128° N.W 15 Klaanch, 50° 126° S.W. 133 Kleim, Ted 68 Kleman, S. J. A 46 Kniert, Kenneth 271 Knight, G. A. 196 Knight Pit, sand and gravel 196 Koeye Limestone Co. Ltd. 175 Kokanee Glacier Park _ . 67 Koksilah River, 48° 123° N.W. 140 Kootenay Belle. 49° 117° S.E. A 48 Kootenay Chief. 49° 116° N.W. 64 INDEX 295 Page Kootenay Florence, 49° 116° N.W. 66 Kootenay Granite Products Limited 152 Kootenay Lake, North, 49° 116° N.W. 64 electrical installation 280 Korpack Cement Products Limited 186 Kotush, P. 149 Kozar, J. 64 Krall, John 271 Page Krall, Thomas 269 Kronseth, Karl 27,231 Kropp, Robert 185 Kumhilla Exploration Co. Ltd. 147 dangerous occurrence 244 Kusnir, Paul 269 Kvikstad, Hans 19 L.T., 49° 117° N.E. A 49 La Forme Creek, 51° 118° S.E 106 Lac la Hache, 51° 121° N.E. 24 Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd., cement 154 clay and shale 155 fatal accident 235 limestone 174 Lajo Mines Limited 67 Lakeshore, 49° 116° N.W A 48, 66 Lancaster, George 273 Lane, T. A 48 Lang, E. 148 Lang Bay, 49° 124° N.E. 127 Langevin, Dan 146 Langley, Corporation of the Township of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 193 Lapierre, T. 194 Lardeau area, North 70 South . 71 Larrabee Mining and Exploration Company 151 Larsen, Mr. 148 Larsen, W. J. 36 Lasqueti Island, 49° 124° S.E. 131 Lassier Trucking and Contracting Co. Ltd. 190 Last Chance, 50° 120° S.W. 36 Laughton, T. G. _ A 48, A 49, 66 Laura M, 49° 116° N.W. A 49 Lawrence, S. J. 265 Lazo, Delic : 232 Leach, H. 38 lead, deposits (see table) 284 price A 14 production A 15-A 23, A 27, A 45 Lead King, 51° 118° S.E. 117 Leech, G. B. A 68 Lembke, William 21 Larson, Albin 21 Lepetich, P. G. 163, 164 Levelton, Dr. B. 181 Lewis, C. 265 Lewis, Glyn 263 Lewis mine, 49° 123° S.W. 263 Liard Mining Division A 62 Lightning Creek, 53° 122° S.E., placer.. 148 Lillooet, 50° 121° N.W. 25 electrical installation 277 lime and limestone 167 production A 16, A 26, A 33 limestone, Kamloops area 167 West Kootenay area 170 Lind, Charles 67 Lineham, J. D., Chief, Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Branch A 2, A 59 Ling, S. R 15 Linton, Thomas A. 196 Lipsey, George C. 132 Lis mineral claims, 50° 120° S.W 143 Lisbon Creek, 49° 115° N.W., placer .... 149 Liscum, D. 196 Little, H. W. A 68 Little, J. D. 62 Little Creek, 52° 121° N.W., placer 147 Little Mountain Quarry 153 Little Slide, 51° 118° S.E 118 Littler, Albert 249, 267, 268 Littler, James 267 Livingston, E. 39 lode-metal deposits referred to in the 1959 Annual Report 284 lode-metal mines, tonnage, number of mines, net and gross value of principal metals A 44 lode-mining 1 employment A 43, A 50 Lodestone Mountain, 49° 120° S.W 39 Loeb, A. A. 67 Logan, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Lone Bachelor, 49° 117° N.E A 49, 69 Lone Bachelor Mines Limited 69 Lorrimer, M. K. 34 Lost Creek, 55° 124° N.W., placer 146 Lou, 50° 120° S.W. 34 Lou group, 50° 120° S.W. 143 Loudon, William _ 264 Loudon No. 6 mine, 49° 124° S.E. 264 Louis Salvador and Son 185 Lucie-Smith, A. N., Senior Petroleum Engineer A 59, A 60 Lucky, 54° 121° S.W. _.. 22 Lucky Edd Mines Limited 67 Lucky Four Leasers A 49, 68 Lucky Jim, 50° 117° S.E. A 49, 68 Luckv Mike, 50° 120° S.W. 36 Lucy-Louise group 30 Lulu Island, 49° 123° S.E., cement 154 Lunde, Lewis E. 61 296 INDEX Mc and Mac McArthur, W. McArthur, W. E. McBeth, James Page 267 56 155 McCammon, J. W., geologist A 58, A 59 reports by 154-174, 176-185, 199-201 McCandish, R. 61 McCready, G. E. 67 McCullough, M. P. 69 McCulloch Creek, 51° 118° N.E. 105 McDame, 59° 129° S.W 282 McDame, Mount, 59° 129° S.W 150 McDearmid, J. M 69, 124 McDearmid, N. H. 53 MacDonald, Francis J. 153 McDonald, G. 148 McDonald, J. D., Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57 reports by 60-73, 105, 152, 186, 201 Macdonald, Oscar 19 138, 140 25 McDonald, Oswood G. _ MacDonald, R. C. McDonald Island, 54° 126° N.E 18 MacDougall, R. E. 147 McGauley, J. 186 McGauley Gravel Pit, sand and gravel... 186 McGauley Ready-Mix Concrete Company 186 McGonigle, Frederick A. 127 McGowan, C. M. 62 McGowan, H. 147 Mclnnis, John . 269 Mcintosh, A 189 Mcintosh, D. A. 176 Mcintosh Sand and Gravel 189 Page Mclntyre & Harding Gravel Company Limited 197 McJana Placers 147 McKay, Don 175 McKay, J. J 71 McKay, Walter 268 McKechnie, N. D., geologist A 58, A 59, A 60 reports by 36-38, 119-124, 127-130, 132-133, 135, 138, 141 McKee Creek, 59° 133° S.W., placer— 146 McKeen, George B. 187, 188 MacKenzie, N. N. 53 Mackenzie, T. A., engineering assistant.A 59 McKenzie Barge and Derrick Co. (1957) Ltd. 153 McLanders, R. 69 MacLean, J. C. 61 McLeese-Cuisson Lakes area, 52° 122° S.E. ... 23 McLeod, R. R., Senior Petroleum Engineer A 59, A 60 McLeod, W. H A 48, 70 McLeod Lake, 54° 122° N.W 22 McLeod Nos. 5 and 6 claims 31 MacMillan, Mrs. Viola 68 McMynn, J. E. 25 McNab, W. 146 McPhar Geophysics 126 MacPherson, William 151, 199 McPhie, R. G. 145 McQuillan, T. J. A 46, 8 McRae, John 198 McRae Bros. Ltd. 198 McVeigh, Frank 268 M MS Group, 50° 120° S.W. 143 Mac Nos. 1 and 3, 50° 122° S.W 144 machine-mined coal 259 Maestro, 49° 116° N.W. A 49 Mag, 50° 116° S.W. 72 Magee, J. B. 74 magnesite 176 magnesium, production _ A 29 magnesium sulphate, production A 32 magnetite in Lodestone Mountain Stock. 39 Magnum Copper Limited 21 Magnuson, H. F. 69 Main, J. 70 Mainland Clay Products Limited 155 Mairs, Thomas 174 Major Mines Limited 23 Malakwa, 50° 118° N.W. 119 Malaspina Inlet, 50° 124° S.W. __._. 130 Mammoth, 49° 117° N.E. A 49, 69 manganese, deposits (see table) 284 production A 29 Manko, R. 198 Manning Park, 49° 120° S.W. 119 Mannix Company Ltd. 236 Mannix Limited 272 Mano Property, 50° 120° N.E. 35 Manson Creek, 55° 124° N.W., placer.... 146 Maple Leaf, 49° 119° S.E. 56 Maple Ridge, Corporation of the District of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel. 189 maps showing mineral claims, placer claims, and placer-mining leases A 65 Marks, P. 191 marl __. 178 Marriott, S. H. 198 Martin, H. E. 29, 39 Martin, Richard E. 68 Martino, J. A. 151 Massichuk, P. 197 Mastodon, 51° 118° S.E 106 Mastodon Zinc Mines Limited 106 Matiowsky, Peter 236 Matson, C. M 272 Matson Brothers 146 Matsqui, 49° 122° S.E., building-stone 153 Matsqui, Corporation of the District of, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel 192 Matt, 50° 120° N.W 38 Matteer, 49° 124° S.E. 131 Maxinuk, A A 48, A 49, 68 Maxwell, A. 265 Maxwell, M. F. 60 Meadow Creek, 50° 120° S.W 38 Menduk, Stanley 269 Menzies, M. M. 140 131 Menzies Bay, 50° 125° S.E. mercury, deposits (see table) ... 284 production A 17, A 30 Merrell Nos. 7 and 8 claims 31 INDEX 297 Page Merrett, J. E., Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57 reports by 127, 130-141, 149, 152-155, 174-176, 178, 185-198 Merriam, F. 186 Merriam and Peskor 186 Merritt, 50° 120° S.W., coal 266 electrical installations 278 lode metals 31 Merritt Property, 50° 120° S.W. 35 Merry Widow, 50° 127° S.E. A46 Metcalfe, S. W., Chief Analyst and As- sayer A 2 report by A 55 methods of computing production A 12 mica, production A 16, A 25, A 32 Mica Creek, 52° 118° S.W. 90 Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 268 electrical installations 283 Midland Pit, sand and gravel 198 Midway, 49° 115° S.W. A 47 Midway Asphalt Company 196 Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd. ..-.A 49, 60 electrical installations 279 Mill, G. L. 135 Millers Trucking 194 millisecond delay detonators .... 261 Mills, Frank A 48, 70 Mills, J. C. 187, 188 mine rescue 247 Mineral King, 50° 116° S.E A 48, 74 electrical installations 280 Mineral Resources Division A 69 Mineralogical Branch A 58 Mines Branch A 69 Minex-Amador, 50° 120° S.W 30 Minex Development Ltd. 30 Minto Landing, 49° 121° S.W., sand and gravel 191 Page miscellaneous metals, production A 15, A 16, A 22, A 24, A 27, A 29 miscellaneous samples A 56 Mission, Corporation of the District of, sand and gravel 190 Mitchell, Garcon C. 148 Moir, Rosalyn J. A 58 Molly, 49° 116° N.E. 74 molybdenum, deposits (see table) 284 production A 30 Mon mineral claims, 53° 122° N.W 144 Monarch, 49° 117° N.E 69 Moneta Porcupine Mines, Limited 137 Moore, George D. 131 Moorhouse, W. W. 17 Moresby Island, 52° 131° N.W. __.. 11 Morgan, D. R., Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57, A 59, 262 reports by —73-74, 90, 149, 151, 166-167, 267-273 Morgan, Irving 268 Morton, Bruce 146 Mosquito Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer.. 147 Mother Lode, 49° 118° S.W. A46, 58 Mountain Minerals Limited— barite 151 silica 199 Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd. 135 Mulcahy, P. J., Deputy Minister of Mines A 2 Muller, J. E. A 68 Mullin, E. 53 Mullin, R. J. 53 Munro, W. A. 178 Murray, G. C. 135 Murray, N. F. 150 museums A 65 Musketeer, 49° 125° S.W A 45 Musser, C. D. . 25 Mutter Gravel Pit 198 Mutual Sand and Gravel Ltd. ; 195 N _ 138 Nadira Mines Limited Nanaimo, 49° 123° S.W., coal ... .. 263 Nanaimo Mining Division A 62 Nancarrow, W. C. 29 Nanson, J. 132 natro-alunite, production A 32 natural gas, exploration 202 disposition, 1959 225 disposition, 1958 , - .. 227 permits, leases, royalties ___. production ...A 15, A 17, A 22, A 27, A 54 218 by fields and pools, 1958 and 1959 . 220 by months 222 samples A 56 Nelson, 49° 117° S.E 61 sand and gravel 186 Nelson, Walter, Jr. 22 Nelson Mining Division A.62 Nelson Ready-Mix Concrete Ltd. 186 Nelway, 49° 117° S.E 63 electrical installations . 279 Nero, 49° 116° S.W., placer 149 New Cronin Babine Mines Limited ..A 45, 18 New Jersey Zinc Exploration Company (Canada) Ltd. 25, 39 New Santiago Mines Limited 70 New Westminster Mining Division A 62 Newmont Exploration Company 126 Newmont Mining Corporation of Canada Limited 29 Ney, C. S. 10, 39 Nicholas, G. 265 Nicholson, D. G. 193 Nicholson Gravel Sales Ltd. 193 nickel, deposits (see table) 284 production A 17, A 24, A 30 Nicola Mining Division A 63 Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 265 Nimpkish, 50° 126° S.W. A 46, 133 Nimpkish Iron Mines Ltd. A 46, 133 electrical installations ... 282 Nimpkish Lake, 50° 126° S.W. __: 133 Nip claims, 49° 119° S.E. 142 Nitinat, 48° 124° N.W. ... 138 Nolan, C. 146 Nootka Sound, 49° 126° N.W. 134 Nora mineral claims, 50° 120° S.W 143 Noranda Exploration Company, Limited, Aspen Grove Property 35 AX and Shirley 35 Bugaboo Creek Iron 140 Domineer 1 135 Hoo —. 35 298 INDEX Page Noranda Exploration Company, Limited —Continued H.W.D. 35 Lucky 22 Mano Property 35 Merritt Property _ 35 Quilchena Property 35 Norco Resources Ltd. 130 Norcross, D. .... 186 Norman, G. W. H. 7 Norris, C. J. 147 O.G.M. group, 48° 124° N.W. 142 Oak, 49° 120° S.W. 54 Observatory Inlet, 55° 129° S.W. 10 ochre, production A 32 Ogden, P. — 148 Ogilvie, G. S. 56 O'Grady, Brian Terence, obituary A 8 oil and gas fields designated at December 31st, 1959 213 Okanagan, 49° 119° S.E 56 Olalla, 49° 119° S.W.. electrical installation 278 Old Alameada, 50° 120° S.W 37 Old Ironsides Pit, 49° 118° S.W 60 Oliver Silica Quarry 201 Page North Star, 55° 129° N.W 8 North Kootenay Lake — see Kootenay Lake North Vancouver, 49° 123° S.E. 126 sand and gravel 186 North Wellington, 49° 124° S.E., coal ..... 264 Northern Inspection District 273 Northland Utilities Limited 206 Northwest Paving Company Limited 185 Nugget, 49° 117° S.E. 61 o O'Malenick, S. 194 O'Malenick's Pit, sand and gravel 194 Omineca area, lode metals .._ 18 placer 146 Omineca Mining Division A 63 O Molly, 54° 128° N.E. 15 O'Neaill, B. E. A 49 Option, 49° 116° S.E 73 Orofino Mines Ltd. 8 Oscarson, D. J. 149 Oscarson, E. 63 Oscarson, R. O. 63 Ostjord, Evan 146 Ottawa, 49° 117° N.E. A 49 PM 1-3 claims, 51° 122° S.W 144 P.M.L. Nos. 732 and 733, 49° 115° N.W. 142 Pacific Nickel Mines Limited 126 Pacific Northwest Pipeline Corporation. 206 Pacific Silica Limited 201 Pacific Western Metals Ltd. A 48, 61 Paddy Peak, 49° 117° N.E. 67 palladium, production A 30 Paquette, J. 53 Parker, B. W. 198 Parliament, H. 56 Parliament, J. H. 58 Parson, 51° 116° S.W., barite 151 Parsons, E. 197 Parsons Tractor Service Ltd. 197 Pasiaud, Roger 268 Passetti, L. 198 Pat, 49° 120° S.W 54 Patrick Harrison and Company Limited . 196 Paul, F. E. . 249 Paxton, 49° 124° N.W. A 46 Payne, L, Jr. 17 Peace River, 56° 122° S.E., coal 274 Peace River Oil Pipe Line (B.C.) Ltd.... 207 Peck, J. W., Chief Inspector of Mines _ A 2, A 57 report by 230 Pederson, Arthur 148 Pelletier, B. R. A 69 Peltola, R. N. 58 Pen claims, 49° 119° S.E. 142 Pendle, A. 146 Percy, A. J. 188 Perepolkin, E A 49, 68, 69 Perenolkin, J. A 49, 68 Derlite. nroduction A 16, A 32 Perry. O. S. 57 Perry, R. D. 73 Perry Creek, 49° 115° N.W., magnesite. 176 Peskor, Carl 186 Pete's Transfer Pit, sand and gravel 197 Peter Kiewit Sons Company of Canada Ltd. 196 Petersen, E. H. A 48, 68 Peterson, G. H. 154 petroleum, crude, gas, permits, leases, etc. A 54 production A 15, A 17, A 22, A 27 samples A 56 petroleum and natural gas, exploration.. 202 development 203 field office 204 reserves 205 production 206 well records, well information and statistics 207 Petroleum and Natural Gas Branch A 59 Phoenix, 49° 118° S.W. A 46, 58 electrical installations 279 Phoenix Copper Company Limited ...A 46, 58 electrical installations 279 phosphate rock, production A 32 Piccolo, Joe 146 Piccolo, Louis 146 Pine claims, 49° 120° N.W. 142 Pine Creek, 59° 133° N.W., nlacer 146 Pioneer, 50° 122° N.W. A 47, 26 Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited 26 fatal accident 231 Pip mineral claims, 50° 120° N.E. 144 Pipe Line Sand & Gravel Ltd. . 189 Pitman, 54° 128° N.E. 15, 17 Pitt, Arthur _ 175 INDEX 299 Page Pitt Meadows District Municipality, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 189 Placer Development Limited 62 Plains Western Gas and Electric Co. Ltd. 206 Poison Mountain, 51° 122° S.W 25 Polischuk, Paul 28 Polischuk, V. M. 29 Pond, R 61 Popkum, 49° 121° S.W., limestone 174 marl .. _ 178 Popkum Marl Products Limited 178 Port Alberni, 49° 124° S.W., shale __._.. 180 Port Coquitlam, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 189 Port Hardy, 50° 127° N.E. 132 Port Moody, City of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 187 Port Renfrew, 48° 124° N.E. 140 Porter, R. M. 73 Portland Canal, 55° 130° S.E. 7 Portman, A. E. . 166 Postle, L. T. 7, 18,58 pottery, production A 16, A 26, A 33 Powell, George 61 Powell River, 49° 124° N.W., sand and gravel 197 pozzolan . 178 Preini Pacific Limited 198 Premier Sand and Gravel Company Limited 186 Prentice, W. R. 267 Quadling Pit, sand and gravel 192 Quatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited .. 132, 133 Quebec Metallurgical Industries Ltd. 15 Queen, 49° 117° S.E. . A 48 Page Prescott, 49° 124° N.W. A 46 Preston, S. G. A 60 Price, R. A. .... . A 68 prices, average used in valuing Provincial mineral production A 14 Pride of Emory, 49° 121° S.W A 46, 124 electrical installations 281 Primrose, 49° 118° S.W. 58 Prince George, 53° 122° N.W., sand and gravel 185 Princeton, 49° 120° S.W., coal 266 Pringle, D. W. 127 production A 15-A 49 petroleum and natural gas 214-223 propane production, 1959 and 1958 223 prosecutions, coal mines 261 lode mines and quarries _ 245 prospectors, grub-staked A 60 proved reserves of recoverable oil, gas, and gas by-products 229 Ptarmigan, 50° 116° N.E. A 48 publications, B.C. Department of Mines A 65 Geological Survey of Canada A 69 Mines Branch A 69 Mineral Resources Division A 69 Pundata Creek Placers Ltd. 147 Purex Lime Co. Ltd. 172 Pyro group, 49° 120° N.W., pyrophyllite 184 pyrophyllite 184 Quesnel Mining Division . A 63 Quesnel River, 52° 121° N.W., placer.... 148 Quilchena Property, 50° 120° S.W. 35 Quinlan, W. J. . 191 R Rae, D. H. A 61 Ralph, R. L. 149 Ralston, William 195 Ramage, B. 66, 249 Rayonier Canada Limited 176 Reco, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Red Cliff, 56° 129° S.W. 8 Red Ledge, 50° 116° S.E 89 Rees, J. C. . 194 Reesor J E A 69 Reeves' MacDonald, 49° 117° S.E. A 48 Reeves MacDonald Mines Limited._ A 48, 63 electrical installations 279 Regal group, 49° 120° S.E. 142 Rehwald, G. V., petroleum engineer A 59 Rejman, Edward 232 Rennie, C. C. 31 Renshaw, R. E. : 53 Reschke Coal Ltd 274 reserves, petroleum and natural gas 205 proved reserves of recoverable oil, gas, and gas by-products 229 Retallack, 50° 117° S.E 67 Revelstoke, 51° 118° N.E. 106 Revelstoke Mining Division A 63 Rexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company Limited 39 Reynolds, H. 25 Rhodes, H. W. 187, 188 Richmix Clays Limited 154 Richmond, G. W. 154 Richmond-Eureka, 49° 117° N.E A 49, 68 Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd. 22 Rio Tinto Canadian Exploration Limited 29 Riondel, 49° 116° N.W. 64 electrical installations 280 Ritchie, A. C. 11 Riverside Sand & Gravel Co. Ltd. 188 Roam Creek, 50° 115° S.W., gypsum— 167 Robb, James A. 131 Robertson, Andrew 135 Robertson, T. H., instructor A 57 Robinson, W. C, Inspector and Resident Engineer A 57 reports by 7, 8-11, 15-19, 145-146, 150-151 rock samples A 55 Rock specimens A 65 Rodonsik, Mr. 148 Rollie Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer —.. 148 Ross, R. __ ..... 57 Rossland, 49° 117° S.W. 60 electrical installation 279 Rotter, F. 201 300 INDEX Page Rouse, G. E. 160 Routledge, T. C. 187 Routledge Gravel Ltd. 187 Routson, Noel 89 rubble, riprap, production A 16, A 26, A 33 Page Rupert Drilling and Exploration Company 240 Ruth-Hope, 49° 117° N.E. A 49, 68 Ryan, C. A. 131 Ryan Trophy, John T. 62 S. H. Marriott Sand and Gravel 198 S. & S. Sand & Gravel Limited 189 S.U.B. Quarries Ltd. 195 Saad, Ronald 270 safety 247 safety lamps 260 Salem, 49° 120° N.W 35 Salem claims, 49° 120° N.W 142 Sallows, Iver I. 235 Salmo, 49° 117° S.E. 61 sand and gravel 186 electrical installations 279 Salmo-Malartic Mines, Limited 62 Salmon Arm, 56° 130° S.W ~~ 7 Sam mineral claims, 50° 120° S.W 144 sand and gravel 185 production A 16, A 26, A 33 Sandberg, A. E. 148 Sanders, Harry 268 Sandon, 49° 117° N.E. 68 Sargent, H., Chief, Mineralogical Branch A 2, A 58 report by A 10 Saturna Island, 48° 123° N.E., clay and shale 155 Seaman, George 186 Seaman's Gravel Pit, sand and gravel — 186 Scheck, D. F. A 47 Scholefield, Eric D. 196 Schurer, V. 196 Scott, C. B. 189 Scott, George 188 Scott Bay Separation Co. Ltd. A 45 Scott Bros. Gravel Co. Ltd. 188 Scranton, 49° 117° N.E. 67 Scranton Mines Limited 67 Second Relief, 49° 117° S.E. A 48 Seel, Heinz K. F. 90 selenium, production . A 30 Selkirk Ptarmigan Mines Limited, The— A 48, 90 shale . 180 Sharp, H. A., engineering assistant A 59 Shearer, John C. 273 Sheck, D. 58 Sheep Creek, 49° 117° S.E. 61 silica 201 Sheep Creek Mines Limited, electrical installations 280 Lucky Jim 68 Mineral King A 48, 74 Shelagh 70 Shelagh, 50° 117° N.E. 70 Shepherd, A. F., geologist A 58 Sheritt Lee Mines Ltd. A 46, 57 Shiosaki, Nelson _ 239 Shirley, 50° 120° S.W. 35 Shrieves, Albert 186 Sicamous, 50° 118° N.W 119 Sieger, Karl 146 Silbak Premier, 56° 130° S.E. A 46 Silbak Premier Mines Limited silica 7 199 silver, deposits (see table) _. 284 price A 11, A 14 production A 15-A 23, A 27, A 45 Silver Bell, 49° 119° S.W. 56 Silver King Mines Limited A 49, 70 Silver Mountain, 49° 117° N.E. A 49 Silver Mountain Mines, Ltd. A 49, 68 Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited.. 69 Silver Standard, 55° 127° S.W. ....A 45 Silver Standard Mines Limited, Bird 7 Harriet Harbour 11 Silver Standard A 45 Silversmith, 49° 117° N.E. 68 Similkameen Mining Division A 64 Similkameen River, 49° 119° S.W 53 Simpson, E. O. T. 265 Simpson, J. D. 34 Sinclair, M. 148 Singel, H. E. 67 Sirak, M. G. A 49, 66 Sissons, R. C. 145 Skagit River, 49° 121° S.E. 122 Skeena Mining Division A 64 Skookumchuck, 49° 115° N.W. 74 Slack, C. D. 188 Slee, Thomas 270 Sleep, J. W. 194 Sleep Pit, sand and gravel 194 Sloan, David A. 137 Sloane, I. H. 250 Slocan King, 49° 117° N.E. 68 Slocan Lake, 49° 117° N.E. 69 Slocan Mining Division A 64 Slocan Star, 49° 117° N.E. 68 Smillie, L. D. 130 Smith, Alex 15 Smith, D. E. 198 Smith, David, Inspector and Resident Engineer _ A 57 reports by 31-36, 38- 39, 55-60, 119, 201, 265-266, 273-274 Smithers, 54° 127° N.E. 17 Snap, 50° 117° S.E 68 Snell group, 55° 125° N.E. 18 Snowshoe Pit, 49° 118° S.W 60 sodium carbonate, production A 16, A 32 Somerville, A. 265 Sonnenberg, S. A 48 Souther. J. G. A 69 Sound Copper Syndicate group, 49° 123° N.E. 143 Southwest Potash Corporation, Boss Mt. 24 Malakwa 119 Spankie, D. F. 187 Special Placer Mining Lease 5866, 53° 121° S.W. 144 Springer, K. J. 57 Spruce Creek, 59° 133° N.W., placer...... 146 Spruce Creek Placers 146 INDEX 301 Page Squaw Creek, 59° 137° N.E., placer...... 145 Staal, R. 152 Stanberry, C. W. 105 Standard, 49° 119° S.E. 57 Standard, 49° 117° N.E 69 Standard International Mines 133 Standard Slag Co. 133 Stanmack Mining Co. Ltd. 105 statistics _A 11 statistical tables Steane, H. A Steele, J. S. A 14-A 50 62 64 Stemwinder, 49° 118° S.W. 58 Stephen Gulch, 53° 121° S.W., placer— 148 Stevenson, R. W. 30 Stokes, R. B 53 Storey, G. K. 132 Stott, D. F. A 69 Stromgren, N. P. 189 Stronach, Charles 264 Stronach No. 2 mine, 49° 124° S.E 264 structural materials 150 employment A 43 production. A 15, A 16, A 22, A 27, A 33 structural tile, production A 16, A 26, A 33 Studer, T. A 151 Sullivan, C. J. 10 Page Sullivan, G. G. 60 Sullivan, 49° 115° N.W. A 47, 73 Sullivan River, 51° 117° N.W. 90 sulphur, deposits (see table) 284 production A 16, A 25, A 32 sulphur production, 1959 and 1958 223 value to producers by months, 1957-59 228 Sumas, The Corporation of the District of, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel. 192 Sumas Mountain, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel 192 Sumas Mountain Quarry 153 Summer, E. B. 274 Sunflower, 49° 118° S.W. 58 Sunloch, 48° 124° S.E. 141 Sunro Mines Limited 141 Sunset, 49° 118° S.W. 58 Sunset, 52° 122° S.E. 23 Sunshine Properties Ltd. 196 supervision of coal mines 261 Surrey, 49° 122° S.W., clay and shale..... 155 Surrey, Corporation of the District of, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 195 Sutherland, G. K. 8 Sutherland Brown, A., geologist A 58 Swakum Mountain, 50° 120° S.W 36 Swann, Wilmot 233 T. B. Allard and Son Tachilta Lakes, 58° 130° N.W. Taiga Mines Limited Tait, Mrs. R. M 188 6 127 146 Takomkane Mountain, 52° 120° S.W 24 talc, production A 32 Tamarac 49° 117° S.E A 48, 61 Tamarac Mines Limited A 48 Tanglewood Hill, 49° 120° S.W. 39 Taylor, Raymond R 28 Taylor, Reginald 269 Taylor, Robert 269 Taylor, Thomas 268 Taylor, W. H. . 36 Telegraph Creek, 57° 131° N.E. 6 Telkwa, 54° 127° N.E., coal . 273 Terry, Herbert 146 Texada Island, 49° 124° N.E 130 Texada Mines Ltd. A 46, 130 Texas, 50° 117° S.E. 67 Thelma, 50° 120° S.W. 36 Thickett, C. A 49 Thompson, F. R. 63 Thompson, R. N., petroleum engineer . A 59 Thomson, J. 248, 265 Thomson, J. S. 25 Thrall, R. A. .... 151, 199 Three Forks, 50° 117° S.E 67 Tigar 1-8 claims, 49° 116° S.E 142 tin, deposits (see table) 284 production A 16, A 24, A 30 Tinsing, Harold 148 Tip claims, 49° 119° S.E. 142 Tipper, H. W. A 69 Toad, 58° 125° N.W Toad River, 58° 125° N.W. Toby Creek, 50° 116° S.E. _. electrical installations Tofino Mines Limited 19 19 74 280 137 topographic mapping and air photography A 66 Torbrit Mining Co. Ltd. 9 Torbrit Silver Mines Limited A 46, 8 fatal accident 231 Toric, 55° 129° N.W. A 46, 8 Torwest Resources Limited, Aberdeen group 34 Swakum Mt. 36 Totem Trucking Ltd. 193 Towgood, C. E. 69 Trail, 49° 117° S.W. 60 sand and gravel Tranquil Inlet, 49° 125° Treacy, J. E. Tremaine, C. W. S. S.W. 186 137 149 58 Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. 29 Truax Mountain, 50° 122° N.W. 28 Tsable River mine, 49° 124° N.W. 265 Tsar Creek, 51° 118° N.E. 91 Tsolum River, 49° 125° N.W. 135 Tudyah Lake, 55° 123° S.E 22 Tulameen, 49° 120° N.W 39 Tully, W. M 175 tungsten, deposits (see table) 284 production A 16, A 24, A 30 Tungsten King, 49° 117° S.E 63 Turner, H. M. 66 Tymchuk, Michael 270 Tyner Lake Property, 50° 120° S.W 144 302 INDEX u Page Upper "A" South mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W. 270 Undun mine No. 1, 49° 123° S.W. 263 Undun No. 2 mine, 49° 123° S.W 263 United Estella Limited A 47 United Sand & Gravel Ltd. 195 Unsworth, J. 263 Valley Concrete Limited 186 Valley Granite Products Limited 152 Valley Ready-Mix Ltd. 193 value to producers of crude oil by months, 1955 to 1959 228 value to producers of marketable gas by months, 1954 to 1959 ... 228 value to producers of natural gas, liquid products, and sulphur by months, 1957 to 1959 228 Van Boyen, Henry 189 Van Boyen Pit, sand and gravel 189 Vancouver Granite Co. Limited 153 Vancouver Island 132 sand and gravel 197 Vancouver Island Inspection District 262 Vancouver Mining Division A 64 Vanex, 50° 120° S.W. . 38 Vanex Holdings, 50° 120° S.W. 144 Vanex Minerals Limited 38 Page Unuk River, 56° 130° S.W 7 Upper Fraser River, 54° 121° S.W. 22 uranium, deposits (see table) 284 Usk, 54° 128° N.E '. 15 Utica, 49° 117° N.E. _'. 67 Utica Mines (1937) Limited ; .-. 67 Velvet, 49° 117° S.W. —A 49, 60 electrical installation 279 ventilation 246 Verkerk, William 269 Vernon Mining Division A 64 Victor, 49° 117° N.E. A 49, 68 Victoria Tile & Brick Supply Co. Ltd 155 Viking Group, 50° 120° S.W 144 Vimy Exploration Ltd. 35, 238 Vimy Fraction, 50° 120° S.W. 35 Vimy Ridge, 50° 120° S.W ..... 35 Vines claim group, 59° 129° S.W. 144 Violamac Mines Limited, Lone Bachelor 69 Victor A 48, 68 Wonderful 69 volcanic ash 181 Vosburgh, R. M. 193 Vraa, Peter 23, 240 Vreeman. Heinz . 135 w W. C. Arnot & Company Limited....: 191 W.D., 49° 117° S.W. : A 49, 60 W.D. Mining Company Limited A 49 Wade, Harry 148 Wagner, 50° 117° N.E ... ._ 70 Wakelem, W, _.......:.. 264 Wallace, Ray . .... .,.—. 147 Walsh, James —... . ...... 269 Walton, T. F. : 64 Wardman, L., Senior Electrical Inspector of Mines _._ . . A 57 report by ...... 275 Warren, E. __._ 188 Warren, Victor E. 27, 234 Weaver, William M., Jr. 127 Weber, Carl Ernest -23, 234 Weber, R. G. 62 Webster, Arnold : 271 Webster, W. D. . 174 Weich, A. C. ..._ 68 well operation and production statistics 214 well records, well information, and statistics 207 well samples, petroleum and natural gas_ 208 Wells, E. 60 wells operated, petroleum and natural gas 210 Wells-Barkerville, 53° 121° S.W. _ __ 22 West Columbia Gold Placers Ltd 149 fatal accident 239 West group, 58° 127° S.E. 18 West Kootenay Mine Rescue Competition 64, 66 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association Trophy 249 West Kootenay Power and Light Company Limited 278 West Vancouver, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 186 Westcoast Transmission Company Limited 206 Western Canada Steel Limited 12, 127 Western Diatomite Company 158 Western Exploration Company Limited, Galena Farm 70 Mammoth, Standard. Monarch, Enterprise A 49, 69 Western Gypsum Products Limited 166 Western Mines Limited A 48, A 49, 66 Western Paving Ltd. 196 Westlock, 50° 120° S.W. 34 Westmont, 49° 117° N.E. A 49, 70 Whalley Construction Co. Ltd. 195 Wheeler, J. O. A 68 White, Joseph 264 White mine, 49° 124° S.E 264 Whittaker, John 270 Whittall, N. R. 265 Wiarton, 49° 119° S.E. 56 Wickstrom, K. E. 57 Wildcat, 49° 120° N.W 53 29 instructor A 57 .._: 119 Wilkinson, T. H Williams, Arthur Williams, B. C. _ Williams, R. E '. Williams Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer. Williams Lake, 52° 122° S.E Willow River, 53° 121° S.W., placer _ Wilmot, A. D 149 147 23 147 19 INDEX 303 Page Wilson, R. R. 266 Wilson, Maynard 146 Windermere, 50° 115° S.W 74 electrical installation 280 Windy mineral claim 6 Wines, S. V. 133 Wonderful, 49° 117° N.E. 69 Page Woodbury Creek, 49° 116° N.W. 67 Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited 58 Worfold, Fred 190 Wright, H. M 66 Wright Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer 146 Wynndel, 49° 116° S.W., sand and gravel 186 X-L Refineries Limited 206 Yale, 49° 116° N.W. A 49 Yale, 49° 121° N.E., sand and gravel — 190 Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited, Highlander A 48, 66 Red Cliff 8 Yale A 49 Ymir, 49° 117° S.E 61 Young, D. B 273 Yuill, J. 130 Zeigler, W. L. 63 zinc, deposits (see table) 284 price A11, A 14 production A 15-A 23, A 27, A 45 Zofka, Carl 126 Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1960 2,685-360-3839 """@en ; edm:hasType "Legislative proceedings"@en ; dcterms:identifier "J110.L5 S7"@en, "1961_V01_03_001_303"@en ; edm:isShownAt "10.14288/1.0355803"@en ; dcterms:language "English"@en ; edm:provider "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en ; dcterms:publisher "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en ; dcterms:rights "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:source "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:title "Lode Metals"@en ; dcterms:type "Text"@en ; dcterms:description ""@en .