@prefix ns0: . @prefix edm: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dc: . @prefix skos: . ns0:identifierAIP "b1903f18-f260-4c13-90cb-82680b69db42"@en ; edm:dataProvider "CONTENTdm"@en ; dcterms:alternative "FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935."@en ; dcterms:isReferencedBy "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en ; dcterms:isPartOf "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:creator "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en ; dcterms:issued "2016"@en, "[1936]"@en ; edm:aggregatedCHO "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0306429/source.json"@en ; dc:format "application/pdf"@en ; skos:note """ PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. A. W. GRAY, Minister. H. Cathcart, Deputy Minister. E. C. MANNING, Chief Forester. REPORT OF THE FOEEST BEANCH TEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1935 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1936. PROVINCIAL LiSRARY VICTORIA, B.C. Victoria, B.C., February 24th, 1936. To His Honour J. W. Fordham Johnson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour : Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Branch of the Department of Lands for the year 1935. A. W. GRAY, Minister "of Lands. The Hon. A. W. Gray, Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Branch during the calendar year 1935. E. C. MANNING, Chief Forester. In Mtmwg of PETER Z. CAVERHILL Chief Forester of British Columbia 1920-1935 Whose untimely death on December 8th, 1935, removed from the public service a Forester whose ability and integrity will long be remembered. REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH. The year 1935 opened quietly for the lumber industry on the Coast. Heavy snowfall in the woods in January and February slowed up log production, and with a dull market during the first three months exports were considerably below the corresponding period for 1934. Trade with Japan showed a very encouraging opposite trend, but this unfortunately was entirely eliminated by an increase in tariff in July. In spite of this and some interference from longshoremen's strikes, shipments overseas continued to show a steady improvement until by the end of the year the total was only 5 million feet behind that of 1934. During midsummer, due to strikes in the mills in Washington and Oregon, a considerable amount of business unexpectedly developed for several months south of the Line in face of the almost prohibitive duty of $4 per thousand board-feet. Possibly the most encouraging sign was the improvement in Canadian sales, amounting to approximately a 30-per-cent. increase over the sales of the preceding year. British Columbia, the Prairies, and Eastern Canada, all showed an increased consumption, which was, however, particularly noticeable in British Columbia and the Prairie Provinces. The Interior lumber- mills participated in this improvement, but, with their former American market practically closed to them until January 1st, 1936, and not having access to any extent to the overseas markets, their condition was still far from satisfactory. While at the end of the year a stiffening of lumber prices occurred, the average for the year was slightly lower than that of 1934. Various factors influence price-levels, but those over which the industry itself has some control should be given very careful consideration. The shingle industry passed through both dark and bright spots. Prior to June, when the NRA was declared unconstitutional, our cut was restricted, since approximately 70 per cent, of our production in normal times is marketed in the United States. After this, with no quota application and with a strike of considerable duration among the shingle-workers of Oregon and Washington, there followed a period of activity. Since the strike has been settled south of the Line, business has been about normal, with some improvement of price over that of a year ago. The pulp and paper mills started the year 1935 anticipating an increase in price of newsprint. This was not realized and the end of the year showed little price change, although a small increase is again expected for the new year. Newsprint production was about the same, but less pulp was marketed because the new Japanese surtax in July eliminated importations of this product. The reaction to the curtailed purchases of ties and poles in recent years is now becoming evident. Although the price for hewn ties remained the same, there was an increase in production in 1935 of 50 per cent, over that of 1934. Similarly, pole and piling shipments increased 90 per cent. A slight stiffening in the price of poles is evident, and, although a betterment of the market is expected, increased competition, particularly from southern yellow- pine poles, is seriously restricting the sale of our product in the United States. A new export industry has been established in British Columbia, mainly as a result of a preference granted on doors at the Empire Trade Conference held in Ottawa in 1932. From a small initial output in the latter part of 1933, shipments to the United Kingdom increased to 400,000 doors in 1934 and 1,100,000 in 1935. The year's total production of all products was 2,649 million board-feet, an increase of 20 per cent, over that of 1934 and 65 per cent, over the recent low year of 1932. The value of production likewise increased from $35,000,000 in 1932 to nearly $57,000,000 in 1935. There is probably no better evidence of improving economic conditions in the Province. Prospects for 1936 are encouraging. Supported by the general improvement in economic conditions throughout the world, a further increase in our water-borne lumber shipments should take place, particularly with the restoration on January 1st, 1936, of our trade with Japan. The new reciprocal trade treaty with the United States gives us a partial re-entry into our former American market. Although there is a quota limitation on hemlock and Douglas fir shipped to that country, there is no such restriction on spruce. This should help our Interior sawmills and, if a reduction in freight rates similar to that granted by the American-railroads could be secured, lumber shipments from the Interior of the Province to the Prairies and Eastern Canada should show a definite improvement. Our own Canadian market probably holds the most promise of all for 1936. Z 8 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The forest industries have over the years been outstanding in their value of production, employment of labour, and revenue to the Government. It is therefore only a matter of ordinary common sense that thought be given to the source of the raw material and care be taken to keep our forest areas under crop, particularly the more accessible and productive. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL. Distribution op Force, 1935. Permanent. 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G^75 co fi^Tj co fiS^ co fiS- s~ *>^ • c o oi_- fi o o». • fi o oj • fi o oj - • fi o a»r • 5 o a> r * Eo oj r • s o o>r • R o ^ . "-H X _l r-r, -rH X -pr.iH SC M T,. .H -C _,rV..pH 51 2K..M >T _ (i.. .1-1 -! _- TT. .1-1 -! .-Hr.-FH ~ r-taj"i-< IC f- [x, -r. 7, f1 UH ■i-' fl C H-r mi ■"tirS C fc^5 oj3fcS oJ3fcK3 cj^fifc^ o^EhS oj^fcS a^fcS ojifcs o,cfcV ■jrttHnA aAi^tA o^3fcS orf: Z 20 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Logging Inspection. Operations. Forest District. Timber- sales. Hand- loggers' Licences. Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Pre-emptions. Totals. No. of Inspections. 401 447 279 566 381 1 58 629 141 200 420 270 1,031 646 479 986 651 2,776 1,999 1,029 2,225 2,052 Totals, 1935..-. 2,074 59 1,660 3,793 10,081 Totals, 1934 1,603 87 1,546 3,236 9,486 Totals, 1933 1,237 67 1,425 2,729 8,121 Totals, 1932 . _ 1,124 37 1,316 2,477 7,273 Totals, 1931 1,562 92 1,675 3,329 8,969 Totals, 1930 1,932 100 1,862 3,894 8,859 Totals, 1929 _. 1,907 99 2,002 4,008 9,512 Trespasses. No. of Cases. Areas cut over (Acres). QOANTIT. CUT. No. of Resulting Seizures. Forest District. Feet B.M. Lineal Feet. Cords. Ties. Amount. Vancouver Prince Rupert 40 10 14 37 20 124 52 72 192 115 1,494,031 480,961 381,655 567,801 119,038 8,951 2,894 8,942 27,398 2,780 268 457 216 288 54 8,951 1,356 1,439 1,321 1,011 2 1 $2,563.96 718.33 730.89 Kamloops. Nelson 1,495.93 568.47 Totals, 1935 121 555 3,043,486 50,965 1,283 14,078 3 $6,077.58 Totals, 1934 101 720 3,270,608 30,555 1,385 4,825 6 $5,401.05 Totals, 1933 70 155 1,578,108 41,689 1,413 3,807 2 $2,727.81 Totals, 1932 95 368 767,896 35,484 2,140 9,265 14 $3,490.84 Totals, 1931 84 397 1,579,465 118,704 1,048 12,425 2 $5,633.68 Totals, 1930 96 1,000 969,351 165,729 1,457 9,612 4 $7,534.01 Totals, 1929 99 370 984,309 88,997 569 5,906 9 $5,431.07 Pre-emption Inspections, 1935. Pre-emption records examined by districts are:— Vancouver Prince Rupert Fort George Kamloops Nelson 327 192 738 848 121 Total 2,226 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 21 Areas cruised for Timber-sales. Forest District. Number cruised. Saw- ^ Poles and Acreage. timber Piles (M.B.M.). (Lineal Ft.). Shingle-bolts and Cordwood (Cords). Railway-ties (No.). Car Stakes and Posts (No.). 260 260 201 358 240 41,669 43,886 36,425 47,477 69,495 176,838 64,405 40,787 59,817 57,037 477,562 964,700 220,875 3,554,799 456,972 31,168 3,095 9,143 59,859 11,488 5,561 291,960 366,589 364,396 135,948 30,400 Nelson 44,300 Totals, 1935 1,319 238,952 398,884 5,674,908 114,753 1,164,454 74,700 Totals, 1934 1,331 223,391 356,264 2,856,619 80,101 1,235,766 73,766 Totals, 1933 942 169,831 186,418 1,620,112 95,233 549,976 174,861 Totals, 1932 875 144,769 202,421 1,759,905 68,414 488,655 69,900 Totals, 1931. 818 145,214 297,825 2,629,054 62,680 664,413 142,400 Totals, 1930 . 943 197,065 526,261 10,345,822 26,431 731,640 620,100 Totals, 1929 1,061 214,874 500,420 13,043,603 17,629 1,305,110 185,740 Timber-sales awarded by Districts, 1935. Forest District. No. of Sales. Acre- Saw-timber age. (Ft. B.M.). Poles and Piles (Lin. Ft.). No. of Posts. No. of Cords. No. of Ties. Estimated Revenue. 266 274 175 380 262 43,125 44,204 28,562 57,018 59,049 106,769,000 44,465,000 14,679,000 54,894,000 40,024,000 312,150 1,735,750 123,635 2,898,864 337,978 29,599 3,356 7,694 47,980 13,337 7,358 427,880 252,347 392,472 120,525 $264,169.20 27,300 144,353.07 55,167.69 241,465 40,060 212,340.26 86,396.82 Totals, 1935 1,357 231,958 260,831,000 5,408,377 308,825 101,966 1,200,582 $762,427.04 Totals, 1934 1,324 219,969 250,629,000 2,721,540 316,910 67,902 894,970 $705,038.99 Totals, 1933 948 190,794 145,696,000 2,490,244 295,905 76,777 432,513 $450,559.16 Totals, 1932. 836 134,868 181,470,000 1,746,616 161,600 54,154 423,676 $450,528.10 Totals, 1931 842 148,523 217,474,000 2,272,082 173,300 41,032 606,160 $624,596.27 Totals, 1930 866 162,043 j 199,485,000 9,963,164 398,150 19,997 494,202 $689,481.29 Average Sale Price by Species. Figures for 1935. Figures for 1934. Figures for 1933. Figures for 1932. Sawn Timber. Board-feet. Price per M. Board-feet. Price per M. Board-feet. Price per M. Board-feet. Price per M. 92,369,000 29,644,000 37,566,000 46,318,000 12,083,000 8,705,000 15,166,000 2,355,000 16,625,000 $0.96 .93 1.20 .70 .76 1.60 1.33 .77 .86 94,784,000 22,136,000 37,293,000 45,472,000 13,846,000 2,973,000 26,927,000 3,419,000 3,779,000 $1.26 .95 1.34 .73 .74 1.66 1.29 .76 .80 51,374,000 20,361,000 20,747,000 22,695,000 7,742,000 4,816,000 11,450,000 2,127,000 4,384,000 $1.16 1.17 1.15 .73 .73 1.94 1.19 .68 .69 44,105,000 28,217,000 31,151,000 41,552,000 12,498,000 2,565,000 9,807,000 2,081,000 9,494,000 $1.19 1.15 1.63 Hemlock Balsam .76 .77 1.43 1.25 .84 .94 Totals .____ 260,831,000 $0.97 250,629,000 $1.11 145,696,000 $1.08 181,470,000 $1.12 Z 22 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Timber cut from Timber-sales during 1935. Districts. Feet B.M. Lineal Feet. Cords. Ties. Posts. Vancouver _. 100,276,667 42,652,023 12,371,638 22,683,718 15,904,590 320,732 1,048,298 221,514 1,398,607 551,425 17,482.84 1,048.43 3,500.50 9,092.67 7,313.92 4,516 355,910 221,514 182,685 86,717 4,180 33,158 13,574 52,421 Nelson 46,626 Totals, 1935 193,788,636 3,540,576 38,438.36 851,342 149,959 Totals, 1934 199,895,549 1,694,470 36,209.24 503,266 84,312 Totals, 1933 122,275,912 1,337,497 35,840.62 212,824 164,586 Totals, 1932 ._... 165,666,929 1,583,955 30,646.62 258,284 79,885 Totals, 1931 _ 177,172,765 5,697,152 15,499.20 662,120 255,545 Totals, 1930 227,019,617 11,960,055 17,176.17 1,341,426 388,749 Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province. Operating. Shut Down. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. Forest District. d z Hi O nm S ss S is* s_a« Ci $• d Z rm fl) ff " Jj CS Ul riO * Ul TO jh W«ra d z cs HI S is* in rt - d z H CS ® us CS cl 150 43 40 82 69 6,795 490 486 901 1,150 78 5 3 7 8,185 60 105 142 31 12 9 30 14 815 303 175 199 470 10 2 1 3 780 Prince Rupert 201 Kamloops 50 200 Totals, 1935 384 9,822 93 8,492 96 1,962 16 1,231 Totals, 1934. 349 9,152 82 7,311 129 2,999 13 1,228 Totals, 1933. 295 8,715 78 7,325 134 3,632 22 1,652 Totals, 1932 293 7,641 45 6,813 139 4,621 13 1.470 Totals, 1931 334 10,167 46 7,470 158 4,109 19 1,871 Totals, 1930 _ 301 11,020 43 7,164 141 3,204 17 1,695 Totals, 1929 - 354 11,896 53 7,881 95 2,200 15 1,726 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 23 Export of Logs (in F.B.M.). Species. Grade No. 1. Grade No. 2. Grade No. 3. Ungraded. Totals. Fir 7,652,407 1,088,621 25,070 115,037,455 12,421,291 965,582 605,364 43,100,990 11,361,511 1,246,536 1,270,157 165,790,852 24,871,423 2,237,188 1,875,521 34,473,606 2,401,975 1,687 2,904,634 734,880 34,473,606 2,401,975 1,687 2,904,634 734,880 Totals, 1935 8,766,098 129,029,692 56,979,194 40,516,782 235,291,766 Totals, 1934 10,489,155 89,831,736 43,416,151 28,998,709 172,735,751 Totals, 1933 16,941,207 119,089,573 59,215,094 13,694,960 208,940,834 Totals, 1932 18,572,020 87,223,114 44,380,166 15,589,383 165,764,683 Totals, 1931 12,886,187 106,331,594 51,909,961 49,048,420 220,176,162 Totals, 1930 .... .'. 11,571,481 86,502,990 40,147,841 34,696,715 172,919,027 Totals, 1929 13,015,146 133,997,595 60,002,711 29,978,125 236,993,577 Shipments of Poles, Piling, Mine-props, Fence-posts, Railway-ties, etc. Forest District. Quantity Exported. Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where marketed. United States. Canada. Orient. Vancouver— Poles and piling lineal ft. Cordwood cords Pulp-wood - : cords Shingle-bolts Car-stakes Prince Rupert— Poles and piling Railway-ties Fence-posts Fort George— Poles and piling Fence-posts cords Railway-ties No. Mine-props cords Mine-timbers lineal ft. Kamloops— Poles and piling lineal ft. cords cords . lineal ft. No. No. . lineal ft. Mine-props Fence-posts Nelson— Poles and piling.. Fence-posts Mine-props . cords . cords . lineal ft. .cords . cords Lagging cords Railway-ties _ No. Total value, 1935.. Total value, 1934. 2,473,771 6 5,097 22 27 1,248,418 294,799 44,895 170,266 82 235,112 32 2,950 2,028,688 112 423 1,930,602 4,271 3,924 50 196,274 $222,639 24 22,937 165 189 86,694 132,003 4,391 13,621 492 108,840 256 236 203,106 1,232 3,787 191,543 34,168 31,392 400 98,134 $1,156,249 $808,252 2,340,061 6 5,097 22 27 847,302 39,095 1,940,736 1,769,150 377 401,116 294,799 44,895 131,171 82 235,112 32 2,950 87,952 112 423 161,452 3,894 3,924 50 196,274 34,810 Z 24 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Land TIMBER-MARKING. Timber-marks issued for the Years 1933 Old Crown grants Crown grants, 1887-1906 Crown grants, 1906-1914 Section 53a, " Forest Act" Stumpage reservations Pre-emptions under sections 28 and 29, Act" - Dominion lands Permit berths Timber berths Indian reserves Timber-sales Hand-loggers Special marks .. Rights-of-way Pulp leases Pulp licences Totals 1,666 Transfers and changes of marks 139 , 1934, AND 1935. 1933. 1934. 1935. 227 238 217 92 74 72 76 96 82 206 303 286 55 61 82 9 9 6 1 1 2 1 15 18 14 5 13 16 946 1,324 1,348 26 13 8 1 2 1 1 4 3 7 1,666 2,154 2,141 139 204 221 Hand-logger Licences. Number issued 83 52 46 Draughting Office, Forest Branch. Number of Tracings made. Blue-prints Month. Timber- sales. Timber- Examination marks. Sketches. Miscellaneous. Totals. Reference Maps. January _ 18 57 17 14 106 2 February 20 125 22 8 175 3 March 28 93 14 25 160 14 14 94 34 16 158 6 May 13 89 27 20 149 4 June _. 21 75 26 21 143 2 July 19 72 33 21 145 2 16 69 25 15 125 2 September 14 65 13 19 111 4 October .__ 13 65 19 20 117 5 November 25 52 27 25 129 13 18 82 26 21 147 4 Totals 219 938 283 225 1,665 61 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 25 Year. 1919 Crown-granted Timber Lands. Area of Private Timber Lands (Acres). 883,491 Average Value per Acre. 9.48 1920 867,921 11.62 1921, 845,111 10.33 1922. 887,980 11.99 1923 883,344 11.62 1924. 654,668 15.22 1925_ _ ..... ____ . 654,016 40.61 1926 688,372 39.77 1927 690,438 39.01 1928 _. 671,131 38.62 1929. 644,011 38.41 1930 629,156 44.74 1931 602,086 43.77 1934 : 557,481 37.25 1935 535,918 37.13 The extent and value of timber land in the various assessment districts are shown by the following table:— Assessment District. Acreage, 1935. Increase or Decrease in Acreage over . 1934. Average Value per Acre. Change in Value per Acre since 1934. 76,305 101,393 61,595 33,621 328 14,783 9,239 75,194 4,179 12,351 22,921 37,345 58,944 1,410 26,310 — 339 — 4,326 — 4,173 — 755 * —12,407 * — 602 — 2,092 + 185 + 3,190 * * — 82 — 163 62.11 41.66 64.92 9.50 15.00 9.19 5.84 49,53 6.13 18.85 18.52 14.03 7.31 91.87 36.06 — 1.48 — 0.90 Cowichan ,. ,' Fort Steele . ... — 1.33 + 0.09 + 0.01 Golden + 1.28 * — 0.42 Kettle River _____ Nelson — 1.92 — 0.95 Prince Rupert _ __ -f 0.59 * Slocan Vancouver. Victoria .. — 1.03 —10.87 — 0.46 535,918 . —21,564 37.13 — 0.12 * No change. FOREST FINANCE. The table below shows an increase in forest revenues of $375,000 over those of 1934; a very satisfactory figure considering the nature of the increase. The largest single factor contributing to the increase in revenues for 1934 over 1933 was the reinstatement of many licences in the former year, prior to the expiry of the moratorium. The increase in 1935 was, however, due to the royalty and stumpage on the increased production, which' was 20 per cent, greater in volume than that of the previous year. Z 26 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. FOREST REVENUE. 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1935. Timber-licence rentals _ Timber-licence transfer fees Timber-licence penalty fees Hand-loggers' licence fees Timber-lease rentals Timber-lease penalty fees Timber-sale rentals Timber-sale stumpage Timber-sale cruising Timber-sale advertising- Timber royalty and tax Scaling fees (not Scaling Fund) Scaling expenses (not Scaling Fund) Trespass penalties Scalers' examination fees Exchange Seizure expenses _ General miscellaneous Timber-berth rentals and bonus Interest on timber-berth rentals and bonus Transfer fees on timber berths Royalty interest Crazing fees and interest Taxation, Crown-grant timber lands Total revenue from forest sources $496,386.11 1,540.00 19,858.46 1,075.00 68,132.18 1,071.58 17,684.57 319,424.91 6,846.88 935.60 1,581,225.07 312.76 128.89 7,478.91 250.00 123.01 237.74 3,830.19 25,688.94 316.50 55.48 150.16 $2,552,752.94 14,522.41 333,128.08 $2,900,403.43 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1934. $548,816.73 1,645.00 69,302.21 1,300.00 63,212.79 1,565.97 21,281.83 289,709.62 5,706.12 771.30 1,155,862.37 334.71 116.05 5,924.39 25.00 123.80 260.50 2,745.57 31,631.46 1,065.42 199.40 45.06 $2,201,645.30 11,411.56 8,283.15 $2,521,340.01 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1933. 12 Months to 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1932. Dec. 31, 1931. $331,948.95 480.00 16,004.43 1,975.00 57,859.54 1,265.18 14,061.93 244,225.17 3,650.69 561.25 963,511.71 225.73 28.80 3,399.67 20.00 350.47 1,299.13 3,051.42 30,281.53 576.41 28.37 49.90 $1,674,855.28 11,759.13 320,150.96 $2,006,765.37 $478,458.93 930.00 11,687.62 2,000.00 70,025.38 848.88 12,009.29 279,034.76 3,359.20 569.30 1,046,070.65 374.42 20.30 2,535.16 40.00 305.02 1,057.39 4,265.74 33,601.49 597.54 270.00 489.34 $1,948,550.41 13,409.37 368,699.00 $2,330,658.78 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1930. $721,931.98 1,330.00 20,632.72 950.00 78,202.93 944.24 11,675.17 454,391.36 5,722.83 771.55 1,218,363.02 911.07 24.94 3,686.89 175.00 171.23 1,367.72 4,495.07 33,295.42 688.97 63.84 1,136.04 $2,560,931.99 15,411.46 397,523.73 $2,973,867.18 $854,560.87 2,180.00 27,861.53 1,575.00 72,117.52 607.44 35,035.94 518,309.48 7,565.12 1,256.69 1,456,330.42 1,204.07 150.01 5,825.68 105.00 591.70 1,406.64 4,137.56 $2,990,820.67 12,251.88 422,274.04 $3,425,346.59 Revenue from Logging Operations, 1935. (Amounts charged.) Royalty and Tax. Penalty. Seizure Expenses. Govt. Scale. Scaling Fund. Stump- age. Forest District. S=fng Scaling *"x' Fees, penses. Scaling Expenses. Scaling Fees. Total. $1,303,866.37 119,454.03 37,933.86 62,720.23 81,347.42 $2,847.44 693.19 412.03 1,404.91 582.93 $95.50 11.80 36.79 24.35 45.50 $33.83 3.43 $213.50 12.37 1.00 $20,983.01 331.45 $116,539.41 7,885.80 1 S126.184.B7 Sl.570.763.fi3 84,189.10 31,453.63 62,227.02 33,305.26 212,581.17 69,837.31 126,376.51 21.50 5.00 115,307.61 Totals $1,605,321.91 $5,940.50 $213.94 $58.76 $231.87j$21,314.46 $124,425.21 $337,359.58 $2,094,866.23 Totals, 1934-. $1,237,968.70 $7,382.38 $251.70 $106.36 1 $183.89j$17,436.57 $99,563.66 $324,116.42 $1,687,009.68 Totals, 1933-.. $918,663.03 $2,866.76 $197.93 $112.94 $200.66j$13,570.34 $82,212.92j$219,497.38 $1,237,321.96 Totals, 1932 $1,046,588.92 $3,983.03 $368.73 $56.66 I $225.73|$13,368.44 1 $71,596.21[$307,371.82 $1,443,559.54 Totals, 1931 $1,140,282.78 $4,950.55 $994.87 $42.20 $l,092.07j$16,444.18 $82,078.03|$425,978.06 l $1,672,862.74 Totals, 1930 $1,460,367.16 $6,799.66 $1,601.76 $140.57 $1,265.33J$21,644.46!$106,553.34|$638,023.79|$2,236,396.07 Totals, 1929.... $1,851,535.62 $4,191.84 $1,555.56 $175.83 $1,215.22 $22,127.43 $118,481.18 $711,213.82 $2,710,496.50 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 27 FOREST EXPENDITURE, FISCAL YEAR 1934-35. Forest District. Salaries. Temporary Assistance. Expenses. Total. $46,568.82 17,983.40 14,514.02 31,481.96 26,906.59 65,749.93 $23,391.52 13,982.86 5,089.17 12,050.81 12,075.42 8,467.75 $69,960.34 31,966.26 19,603.19 Kamloop s 43,532.77 38,982.01 74,217.68 Totals $203,204.72 $75,057.53 $278,262.25 Lumber-trade extension Canadian Forestry Association . Reconnaissance, etc _ Grazing range improvements Grand total 53,130.00 3,000.00 5,406.19 3,324.17 $343,122.61 SCALING FUND. Balance, April 1st, 1934 (deficit) Expenditure, fiscal year 1934-35 _ Charges, fiscal year 1934-35 $33,379.77 101,008.69 $134,388.46 117,295.79 Balance, March 31st, 1935 (deficit) $17,092.67 Balance, April 1st, 1935 (deficit) $17,092.67 Expenditure, 9 months, April-December, 1935 91,393.99 Charges, 9 months, April-December, 1935 $108,486.66 125,462.24 Balance, December 31st, 1935, being excess of charges over expenditure $16,975.58 FOREST RESERVE ACCOUNT. Balance brought forward, April 1st, 1934 .... Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1934 (under subsection (2), section 30a) Moneys received under subsection (4), section 30a $43,954.02 Expenditure, fiscal year 1934-35 Balance (credit), March 31st, 1935 Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1935 (under subsection (2), section 30a) Moneys received under subsection (4), section 30a $43,954.02 35,029.74 $8,924.28 43,927.21 Expenditure, 9 months to December 31st, 1935 . Balance (credit), December 31st, 1935 $52,851.49 33,423.04 $19,428.45 Z 28 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. FOREST PROTECTION FUND. The following statement shows the standing of the Forest Protection Fund as at December 31st, 1935:— Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1934 $336,996.19 Expenditure $353,623.95 Less refunds 9,645.34 343,978.61 $680,974.80 Collections $108,236.71 Government contribution 300,000.00 408,236.71 Balance (deficit), March 31st, 1935 . Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1935 ___. $272,738.09 $272,738.09 Expenditure, 9 months, April-December, 1935 $202,853.61 Less refunded 3,699.88 199,153.73 $471,891.82 Collections, 9 months, April-December, 1935 $76,851.12 Special levy ! 54.45 Government contribution . $76,905.57 225,000.00 301,905.57 Balance (deficit), December 31st, 1935 $169,986.25 Estimated and Known Costs of Forest Protection to other Agencies , 1935. Forest District. Expenditures for Tools and Equipment. Improvements. Patrol. Fire- fighting. Total. Vancouver. _ $28,321.00 812.00 $2,436.00 85.00 $70,924.00 853.00 $46,998.00 605.00 150.00 382 00 $148,679.00 2,335.00 150 00 1,850.00 4,577.00 640 00 2,872.00 5,988.00 Nelson 12.00 625.00 774.00 Totals $35,560.00 $2,533.00 $160,044.00 _. ,.,... FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 29 Expenditure for Twelve Months ended March 31st, 1935. Forest District. Patrols and Fire Prevention. Tools and Equipment. Fires. Improvements. Total. $61,780.18 17,170.73 17,491.52 41,356.90 46,471.69 16,790.62 $6,201.21 1,021.85 854.56 2,415.69 4,707.31 399.90 $8,932.35 676.18 298.10 20,315.13 102,892.30 $1,298.62 133.60 510.80 1,224.05 680.66 $78,212.36 19,002.36 19,154.98 65,311.77 154,751.96 17,190.52 Kamloops Nelson $201,061.64 3,911.67 $15,600.52 $133,114.06 5,733.67 $3,847.73 $353,623.95 9,645.34 Net expenditure, F.P.F " B.C". Loan Act, 1932 " _____ $197,149.97 10,383.08 $15,600.52 $127,380.39 $3,847.73 $343,978.61 10,383.08 Total net expenditure $207,533.05 $15,600.52 $127,380.39 $3,847.73 $354,361.69 Patrols and fire prevention . Tools and equipment Fires _ Improvements Total $207,533.05 15,600.52 127,380.39 3,847.73 $354,361.69 PUBLICITY. The forests have always been such an integral part of our lives in British Columbia that many fail to perceive their range of influence, extending all the way from the recreational to the industrial. Subconsciously Mr. Man-on-the-street may take for granted certain facts and figures concerning the importance of the forest industries in the economic life of the Province. He may even have some notion that their beneficial influences reach into every home, but any concern over their perpetuation is left for others. The tourist enthusiast unconsciously pays a glowing tribute to the forest when he invites others to come to the " Evergreen " playground, but the information that our forests supply raw materials for the manufacture of products worth many times our tourist trade will generally surprise him. Though the care of our forests is placed in the hands of the Forest Branch by the people of British Columbia, the nature of the task and the limitation of funds at its disposal is such that real progress is not possible without the active co-operation of the people and their informed sympathetic interest. Realizing the foregoing, the Forestry Committee of the Legislature at its last session recommended the Forest Branch carry on more publicity work. Certain officers of the Branch, mostly in their own time, prepared and gave addresses before service clubs and school-children, and showed pictures before audiences in various parts of the Province. By these means the value of our forests and the need of increased care with fire was impressed upon some 9,600 persons. The reception met with everywhere was very encouraging and it is felt that this programme should be greatly extended. THE YOUNG MEN'S FORESTRY TRAINING PLAN. The Young Men's Forestry Training Plan was an experiment inaugurated in 1935 to assist unemployed young men by putting them at useful forestry-work, which would give a return to the Province in keeping with the expenditure of public money involved. The project was financed and the men selected by the Department of Labour, and then turned over to the Forest Branch for administration. The men were paid a reasonable subsistence and given practical training and personal instruction. Where possible, lectures were incorporated in the scheme. Approximately 500 men were enrolled. They were employed as assistants to Forest Rangers, on forest development and trail projects, and as improvement crews at each of the three Forest Experiment Stations. Z 30 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The ranger assistants gained experience and gave effective service on all classes of ranger- work. They acted as dispatchers, clerks, compass-men; repaired and maintained telephone- lines, trails, lookouts; assisted in fire-suppression and maintenance of tools and equipment. Fifteen trail crews were organized, each under a competent foreman. These crews cleared, or built new, 382 miles of pack-horse trail, 10 miles of standard telephone-line, many miles of emergency telephone-line, several cabins, and a number of bridges. The crews at the Experiment Stations cleared land, fire-breaks, boundaries, trails, and roads; renewed bridges, repaired existing buildings, and constructed additional new ones; developed water-supply systems; maintained and installed telephone-lines; and assisted generally in routine work. The Forest Branch is particularly well qualified to participate in a scheme of this description with the Department of Labour. Seven thousand six hundred miles of existing forest trails and 1,000 miles of forest telephone-lines require extensive maintenance and repair due to the limited funds available for this work during the past few years. These improvements constitute only a portion of the development-work essential to adequate forest-protection in the Province. Detailed plans are available for many projects requiring immediate attention. It is all outdoor work, well calculated to improve young men mentally and physically and to develop initiative and self-reliance. The experiment was a complete success in every respect and proved to be a valuable work programme, as well as a relief measure. The reaction of the men themselves was most gratifying and forty-six of them, through the co-operation of the industry, were assisted in securing jobs in the logging camps and sawmills. The excellent co-operation received from the officials of the Labour Department and the unselfish personal interest taken in the young men by the Forest Officers throughout the Service did much to promote the success of the plan. FOREST PROTECTION. The fire season 1932 proved to be the most favourable experienced in the Province in a long period of years. It appears now that that year ushered in a cycle of favourable weather which has continued unbroken to the present time. The season 1935, in point of number of fires, distribution, cost, and damage done, proves to be the fourth in succession of " most favourable " years in our forest-protection history. The season opened with the promise of a severe early hazard. Temperatures were rather high and humidity fairly low. Early vegetation was slow in appearing and dead grass and debris of the previous year dried out quickly. There was very little rain during the spring and early summer and the stage was set for a general outbreak of disastrous fires, which, however, failed to develop. General rains in early June completely relieved the situation. No further risk developed until September, when we were once more relieved by general rains before conditions became really critical. The September rains marked the end of the fire season. Province-wide precipitation for the year was below the long-time average, and for the summer months hardly average. The highly favourable effect from a fire-protection standpoint must be ascribed to fortuitous occurrence and distribution. In spite of some failure in rainfall over the whole season, July and August were comparatively wet months. The following table of a few items of statistics for various periods illustrates the favourable conditions which have been encountered:— Number of fires Number of cost fires Number of no-cost fires.. Total acres burned Acres per fire burned Total cost of forest-protection.. Cost of fire-fighting Cost per fire Annual Average since 1912. 1,500 650 860 426,000 280 $470,000 $192,000 $130 Average, Past Ten Years. 1,700 800 870 479,000 280 $520,000 $277,000 $160 Average, 1932-35. 1,300 450 800 353,000 280 $173,000 $54,000 Note.—Figures rounded to facilitate comparison. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1335. Z 31 The effect of favourable weather conditions is reflected in these figures, but is clouded materially by the effect of the withdrawal of the Forest Protection Fund during the years 1932 and 1933. During these two years the seasonal Forest Protection staff was reduced in 1932 by about 320 men to 40, and in 1933 by about 237 men to 123. Fire-fighting was restricted to the protection of life and property. For these two years the number of fires and general hazard was closely comparable with the year 1935. The effect of withdrawal of protection (or the measure of the value of the renewed protection) is illustrated in the following table:— Annual Average, 1932-33 Season 1935 (Minimum (Protection Protection). renewed). Total cost of protection $45,000 $250,000 Number of fires 1,170 1,110 Total acres burned 360,000 48,000 Acres burned per fire 300 40 Acres merchantable timber killed 38,000 1,800 Stumpage loss $179,000 $9,000 Acres reproduction killed 63,000 11,000 Note.—Figures rounded to facilitate comparison. The Forest Protection Fund, once more available, will make itself felt in protection afforded to valuable forest-growth, to life, and to property within the limits of the funds provided. The history of the Forest Protection Fund was briefly outlined in last year's report. Average annual income for ten years ended 1931 was $735,000. Average annual expenditure for the same period was $742,164. Income in 1934 was $408,000, and estimated for 1935, $400,000. Three major lines of activity must be provided for from these sums—prevention, organization, and suppression. The term " prevention " as used here covers such items as tools and equipment, trails, lookouts, communication system, and public education. It may be said to include all preparation other than organization. " Organization " covers the salaries and expenses of the permanent and temporary protection staff. " Suppression " covers actual fire-fighting expenditures. Expenditures for 1934 and 1935 have been kept within our reduced income, but in order to do so the total sum available had to be allocated in the first instance to organization and fire-fighting. The strictest economy must be practised in anticipation of expensive outbreaks which may develop, and prevention, logically the first consideration, suffers accordingly, with the added probability of increased fire-fighting cost and loss. The forests of the Province have been valued at $265,500,000. A Protection Fund of $400,000 represents about one-sixth of 1 per cent, of the value of forest property protected. This is about one-half to one-quarter the sum considered necessary on a similar basis for fire- protection elsewhere. The opinion expressed in last year's Annual Report regarding expenditures from the Forest Protection Fund for the protection of private property is repeated. Some compensation should be made to this fund for such expenditures. From savings in hand at the end of the past two seasons tools and equipment have been purchased, so that we approach 1936 with fairly adequate stocks. It has not been possible to maintain improvements, which are deteriorating badly. Some relief in the maintenance of improvements was secured in 1935 through the activities of the Young Men's Forestry Training Plan, and any continuance of this plan will very materially assist in this very necessary work. During 1935 fifteen trail crews opened up a large mileage of protection trails and did other work which could not have been otherwise undertaken. A complete outline of this work is given elsewhere in this report. Detailed statistics of the fire season are given in the tables on the following pages. Z 32 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Fire Occurrences, 1935. Forest District. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Total. 21 7 5 9 83 27 19 35 39 78 5 10 47 19 95 8 21 44 104 94 14 6 32 84 74 8 20 36 50 1 1 3 12 446 69 77 Kamloops _ _ 202 317 42 203 159 272 230 188 17 1,111 3.78 18.27 14.31 24.49 20.70 16.92 1.53 100.00 Number and Causes of Fires in Province, 1935. Forest District. fci 3 cTi ti to <- >,.5 m si 3.2 fcu . .5 3 .3 P ££ ■ 333-^ si < .2 W 3 o P O 3 fc_3 E c__ 3 Ul 3.8 S Ul "u _S w tfl w 32 SiKJ G r. cs g tu Ul 3 O c B mi — O in . SI . h h SI s _■ m :_: si rf Sh "Art 5 S - o ■"« 33 S rO P. s 9 c s _^h 3 o _J flHO 3 _. OJ QJ o 3 .-5 '3 m h o hO tt 01 O*. ml o PSO hhO Ul «~-3 « §3 E™ & H BhE-iC. Vancouver 26 78 16 141 47 4 41 44 41 8 446 40.14 Prince Rupert 21 2 16 21 1 2 1 5 69 6.21 14 19 1 12 19 2 3 2 5 77 6.93 29 40 21 54 16 3 3 34 2 202 18.18 Nelson — __ 104 59 25 66 24 1 2 21 15 317 28.53 Totals 173 217 65 289 127 11 45 72 97 15 1,111 100.00 Per cent 15.57 19.54 5.85 26.01 11.43 0.99 4.05 6.48 8.73 1.35 100.00 | 1 Damage to Property other than Forests, 1935. Number and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last Ten Years. Causes. 1934. 1933. 1932. I 1931. I 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. Total. Lightning Campers _ Railways operating Railways under construction Smokers Brush-burning (not railway- clearing ) Road and power- and telephone-line construction Industrial operations .'_ Incendiarism _._ Miscellaneous (known causes) _ Unknown causes Totals 173 217 65 11 45 72 97 15 320 312 103 415 117 10 41 65 188 19 285 234 77 197 77 7 32 65 90 18 336 230 156 197 108 18 17 127 64 13 1,082 475 470 295 435 243 44 57 355 96 48 892 344 149 294 171 262 68 23 638 358 267 9 387 167 22 65 139 100 36 322 274 282 294 149 13 80 103 512 182 185 163 78 7 50 36 52 19 557 351 376 157 14 104 68 126 156 4,510 2,972 1,955 9 2,909 1,394 175 530 1,292 965 1,266 2,518 | 2,271 I I 1,642 1,284 2,147 17,( I I FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 33 m o Z r-i tm K o I hH mm fc. o Eh CO O O a z h z mm a rH os O fc. o m Ph Jh ca a fci o CO I a h § gfc< © CO © © © tr- rH ! fc •saBnoa •*p "tf fc fc tf eq io tf tf r-3 CO oi fc CO cq >o « -tf rH cq 00 ' CO ' * cq' •sjBnoa rH fc rH IO © © CO IO CO fc 00* rH CO* tf CO co" io cq ©" w rH cq CO CO rH 'OOO'OIS rH rH © CM CO asAo .soq © © •000'OIS Oi (M CO tf tr- co TO EXTINGUISH. «. OOO'SS .soo © © •ooo'si H H oi oo CM CO cq rH °. OOO'IS -soo O H * •OOO'.IJ tf "tf rH cq t- lO o fc o CO a io CO fc IO 00 IO © oi 001$ .soo « 1-1 CO id •001$ fc ■■* tf CO •»* © Cvl © 00 CO rH © rH tM fc CJ "tf -5l 00 ■* tf CO U.l(l SS9[ ^SOQ o jsj; lO "tf -tf O tf cs IO cq io © tf •^oij^sig ui sa-ii^ Oi rH CO CO tr- CC Oi Oi -Ht to Fioj, JO -JU3Q .raj fc CO -tf © 00 CO fc tf tf IO © rH © (M tf 00 « rH © M © •joqum^ tf »o io cq oo rH i-H rH fc IO © Cv •tf 00 00 d IO IO *• © IO IO tf "xt_x 'd'A SuiA-ea }ou o © -^ CO tf cq "tf co © -tf "tf oc fc IO t- ■* io © © 21 io SpUB'} UO p3:}T-Ul_.l.-0 10 ■«* •* •xbx -_I'_I SuiAud tf © CO © rH © CJ IO CO CO © SpUB'J pUB puB'} U/AOJQ -M cq ■* © t- rH rH rH tf Cs -tf -tf m © co id * 00* ^uboba uo pa^i_ui£i.io ■< IO IO to © fc cq fc rH c © © cq © "tf tf fc © T- © © © CO © •S3JIJ IB^OX ■«* cq cc c_; "> © °. d C rH © rH O rH rH +j O H +3 -i n ■^ « HH CO c © a K 8 c 3 .6 § c c 1 -S t "i S d in o a i > fi fc K !Z i 3 *" *■ _a I § 2 | h £ ■ *> H 3 S Z 34 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Fires classified by Size ANE Damage, 1935 Total Fires. Under Vt, Acre. Vt to 10 Acres. Over 10 Acres in Extent. Damage. Forest District. m si s 3 z 'd cj mi o cs $ s 0.3 _HO *h en °_3 4J +° a a si — O 01 m £ si.- fcE". m SI .3 s 3 z -M 4- O O -h-E ■S.S 4-0 g.S O 01 . OJ ai — R-fc. T_ oi 5 S O.S ho f4 Ol °S a s 01 — Q oi , si m u si.- fLfc, u SI A s 3 z +i 4- O O -H'E "S.S 4-Q g.S 8 .a ■si HO «4h 01 °'Z 4_ "^ a a 0 — O oi o 01 — © o m si ■3 a t-3 a c_ © o «=- a 01 . 01 © _:© 4-° Sir- © o ©^ €«■ m si > O Vancouver __ 446 69 77 202 317 40.14 6.21 6.93 18.18 28.53 180 30 33 74 226 40.36 43.48 42.86 36.64 71.29 33.15 5.52 6.07 13.63 41.63 167 20 30 96 76 37.45 28.98 38.96 47.52 23.98 42.93 5.14 7.71 24.68 19.54 99 19 14 32 15 22.19 27.54 18.18 15.84 4.73 55.31 10.61 7.82 17.88 8.38 406 67 76 197 310 21 1 1 5 7 9 1 Kamloops _. Totals 1,111 100.00 100.00 543 48.87 100.00 389 35.02 100.00 179 16.11 100.00 1,056 95.05 35 3.15 20 1.80 Totals, 1934 1,590 100.00 100.00 665 41.82 100.00 565 35.54 100.00 360 22.64 100.00 1,442 90.70 88 5.53 60 3.77 Totals, 1933 1,082 100.00 100.00 410 37.89 100.00 414 38.26 100.00 258 23.85 100.00 957 88.46 1 771 48 7.111 4.43 Causes, Cost, and Damage, 1935. Causes. No. Per Cent. Cost. Per Cent. Damage. Per Cent. Lightning Campers 173 217 65 289 127 11 45 . 72 97 15 15.57 19.55 5.84 26.03 11.44 0.98 4.04 6.47 8.74 1.34 $2,413.75 3,054.00 7.89 10,132.99 2,390.15 123.22 3,555.15 2,666.12 419.97 99.72 9.71 12.28 0.04 40.76 9.61 0.49 14.30 10.72 1.69 0.40 $4,059.10 5,357.30 160.49 88,454.17 2,314.00 108.75 182,159.50 5,340.28 1,495.74 94.77 1.40 1.86 0.05 30.55 Brush-burning (not railway-clearing) _ Road, power, telephone, and telegraph.. 0.79 0.04 62.92 1.84 0.52 Unknown causes 0.03 Totals 1,111 100.00 $24,862.96 100.00 $289,544.10 100.00 Prosecutions for Fire Trespass, 1935. tt .2 HH rt p m ►Sis i a : 5 o ci E^ — a oi •£'.3 0 Oco: ■s a : 43 o u BCD'. S.°>4- _S 5 ai O a." O Phh* OO+j P rH< QJ rH > H t P 5 QJ rt O t. -in o £ ufc. o si — Oco. o Hm.-. O o 4- ?©_s gs"5 Sa» oco. h-> P O 43 +j I &_ . a.-t; Is J- m 3 01 KPh — 3 01 o a M Fines. 0) o 3 01 a 01 oi . S « Eo M.S a a -i a 3 S com T3 G Ol CO s -3 Ul QJ ED OS U bo p -3 p QJ ft Ul V O ci ri Forest District. d HH P P O E < H-> i m QJ ri Vancouver- - -. 10 5 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 5 1 1 8 1 $275.00 — 1 5 1 1 1 - 25.00 Totals 18 2 2 1 3 9 1 9 $300.00 8 1 Totals, 1934 21 10 2 3 5 1 8 $305.00 3 4 6 - — FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 35 03 O- fcq « O m a H co p H. Q H O < •n Q .; t- on ■rf tf} IO o © j-i ■jh O W Ol "* 0) ffi N O H !C o © © Ph © o °° © © © rt ri P 00 00 rH rH rH Oi O w ffl ^ N 03 ■* «„ d ». O °> d © rH rH-tf CO C CO rH 00 rH 00 © rH CO ' Oi to IO © O "£ -* ffl rH rH CO ci a co oi d d O ! © SQ < i-i QJ ft O © © O t~ rH o © © O HP 1-1 1-1 rH CO o IO © 2 3 rH O [-H S os © © '"t d r"t cr °° d O g IN rH CO CM rH • oo t- n h h © ^ "U o -tf CJ CO "* © © © Ph © o © ri • ffl O IO tO rH rH © CO © » io m to h ia JX HO N 16 °° d »c td O t- H H -^ M t- © 00 c rH © H (M -tf CO M. 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S H a H u Xi -— o tH ft ss tj PQ >. +- . H^ rH QJ E T3 ? F to o 2 -H g ing timber nt salvable ge to fores ge to other Total da Jh QJ ir Si a S F p l tj 3 rt ri rt o 4j a g a a s JS c s a tr < to < P e Z 36 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. u_ CO to Eh l-H s ca ti S a z rH Z 5 PQ w J -3 H o EH Q o '^uuj;aj[ _jno -qiiA\\ ^as sa.ii j; IO 6 1 ffl rH ffl -*e © ca © d © rH © iO © © o •loj^uoo padBosa sa_n.ii © t- -H CO CO i-H rt OKI Z cq © © © © © Tf © -tf © © © ■J3AO paiunq Bajy • IO rH © IO W S H N IO CO to J t-t CO M t-_ 00 cj io ca id cd cq" <_ rH Ir- © CO © m. ©• CO © CO rH IO © eo © n © © © CO rH •panssi s^iuxiaj; 00 rH rH W Tfl • to Oi Ci tr- Oi O ffl CJ ffl © ffl I? CO* H H H H a © -tf © 0°. © © © eo © © © ""1 © © © p 13 oa P . 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M p H J P ii z 1 Ed •^iiiuad _j.no -q^iM ^as saji^ IO d Ol rH CO co eo cq oo id ffl co ca -tf CO -tf CO Toj;uoo padBosa saji^ Q il G 1.1 11 d N rH tD io ca cq" 00 00 -tf ca eo CO © U3AO paiunq Ba_iy • CO (N IO rH ffl 2} © -tf oo ca © £ _r-_ io_ © ca_ cd cj io* ca" io" -tf" ca" < © Tf 00 fc* N-d © © ca IO © © ca w. d IO IO ■panssi s^iuuaj io ffl tr- -tf io • -tf iO tr- © © 0 00 rH 00 tO ffl rH eo* rH* rH rH rH © cq IO CO © ffl o © ca ca °° © 00 ffl jj -p M CJ EX t- 1 > P o O B ri > ■P u a p Pi V CJ .5 'E Ph h C O -P *H c fc ft o a 1 rt P c a- "5 HH o EH fi OJ o J-H i ft 1 j -tf i co ; ^ B - QJ $ Z O QJ H r\\ FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1935. Z 37 GRAZING. Conditions on most ranges during the past year have been somewhat unsatisfactory. The spring was late and cold, which delayed grazing on the ranges three to five weeks. The summer was unusually wet, frosts came early in the fall, and the condition of the stock was rather below average. Conditions better than the foregoing, however, prevailed in the Southern Interior. The Dominion Range Experiment Station at Manyberries, Alberta, are continuing their comprehensive study of range and cattle conditions at the Tranquille Sanatorium. Mr. T. P. MacKenzie, former Grazing Commissioner for the Province, is in charge, and the progress of these studies will be followed with much interest by the cattle industry. Grazing reconnaissance covered a total of 80,000 acres. The work done in previous years has proved very helpful in making our yearly grazing plans. Foot-rot in bands of sheep using the high mountains, particularly between the Okanagan Valley and Shuswap Lake and west to Kamloops, is getting out of control. Unless effective measures are immediately taken, the entire range-sheep business in that part of the Province will be seriously threatened. The co-operation of the stockmen in range-management continues to be enlisted through meetings with the various groups of range-users and through the construction of range improvements financed by the fund established for that purpose under the " Grazing Act." Many more trails and drift-fences would promote increased and better use of the Crown ranges and those entitled to the benefits of the Range Improvement Fund should apply to the Department for consideration under it. During 1935 the greatest hay-producing area of Crown land in the Province, that in the vicinity of Creston, was much reduced in size through the success of the local reclamation scheme. Though the loss of hay-cutting rights must be felt by some of the stock-owners, the more intensive use of the land is to be commended. Market Conditions. Beef prices were better in 1935 than in 1934, fall beef bringing an average of probably a little over 4 cents per pound for tops. A further improvement is expected in 1936, partly as the result of the new tariff arrangements with the United States, which dropped from 3 cents to 2 cents per pound the duty, on animals weighing over 700 lb. While there was some variation in prices for lambs compared with 1934, the average for 1935 was probably a shade higher, with a tendency to firm at the end of the year. Wool prices were better by from 1 to 3 cents per pound. Live Stock on Crown Ranges. The number of live stock grazing under permit on Crown ranges during the past three years was as follows:— Cattle and Horses. Sheep. 1933 58,770 34,329 1934 69,960 36,569 1935 60,864 36,902 Collection of grazing fees during the calendar year 1935 amounted to $14,527.01. Range Improvements. Increased settlement and fencing of alienated lands in late years, together with overgrazing in some areas, has tended to reduce the available area of Crown range, while large areas of timbered range are being damaged by the falling of insect-killed trees. The profitable use of the remaining range will depend on proper range-management, which calls for considerable improvement of range conditions. During 1935 the sum of $1,491.33 was expended from the Range Improvement Fund, providing for the following improvements: Fencing two mud-holes; building 43 miles of stock-trails, 7 miles of drift-fence, three water-developments, three holding-grounds, one bridge; and establishhing two experimental seeding-plots. The work of clearing the ranges of wild horses was continued with results beneficial to the forage. Shooting has been resorted to in some places and in others the horses all rounded up and sold for fox and dog food. Very few large bands of wild horses now remain and the small bunches are being eliminated. This work will need to be continued, as wild bands soon build up again from the nuclei of strayed mares and wild' stallions. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Chables F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1936. 1,325-136-7195 """@en ; edm:hasType "Legislative proceedings"@en ; dcterms:identifier "J110.L5 S7"@en, "1936_V02_12_Z1_Z38"@en ; edm:isShownAt "10.14288/1.0306429"@en ; dcterms:language "English"@en ; edm:provider "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en ; dcterms:publisher "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en ; dcterms:rights "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:source "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:title "PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. A. W. GRAY, Minister. H. CATHCART, Deputy Minister. E. C. MANNING, Chief Forester. REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1935"@en ; dcterms:type "Text"@en ; dcterms:description ""@en .