@prefix ns0: . @prefix edm: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dc: . @prefix skos: . ns0:identifierAIP "047cf721-06fe-43f4-a1a9-20c3b3d2dfa3"@en ; edm:dataProvider "CONTENTdm"@en ; dcterms:alternative "REPORT ON THE PUBLIC HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE"@en ; dcterms:isReferencedBy "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en ; dcterms:isPartOf "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:creator "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en ; dcterms:issued "2014-12-10"@en, "[1902]"@en ; edm:aggregatedCHO "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0064163/source.json"@en ; dc:format "application/pdf"@en ; skos:note """ ANNUAL REPORT —ON THE— HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE NEW WESTMINSTER, FOR THE YEAR 1901. THE GOVERNMENTOF THE, PROVINCE OF BRITISH DlttUM*** VICTORIA, B. C.: Printed by Richard Wolfenden, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1902. w A < in hC UJ o H oZ OJ 1 O) & g Ll. W z w w W 0 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 461 REPORT ON THE PUBLIC HOSPITAL FOE THE INSANE. 1901. To His Honour The Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour : The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Medical Superintendent of the Public Hospital for the Insane for the year 1901. J. D. PRENTICE, Acting Provincial Secretary. Provincial Secretary's Office, February 2nd, 1902. 462 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 OFFICERS. Medical Superintendent: G. H. MANCHESTER, M.D., Bursar: M. J. KNIGHT, ESQ. Steward and Store-keeper: R. REES, ESQ. Engineer: HEWISON STOUT, ESQ. Matron : MARIA FILLMORE. Chief Male Attendant: Chief Female Attendant: THOMAS MAYES. MARIA FILLMORE. Carpenter: JOHN HUGHES. Plasterer and Mason: Farmer: EDWARD FITZGERALD. E. B. STINCHCOMBE. Gardener: W. T. L. HOUSE. 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 463 REPORT MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE PUBLIC HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, NEW WESTMINSTER, B, C. For the Year Ending 31st December, 1901. To the Honourable The Provincial Secretary, Victoria, B. G.: Sir,—I have the honour to submit for your consideration the Annual Report for the thirtieth year of the Public Hospital for the Insane at New Westminster. In doing so, I beg permission to introduce by way of preface a brief review of the history of the Institution since its inception thirty years ago, as I think this the most opportune time for doing so, inasmuch as it has entered upon a new century under new management, and moreover has emerged from comparative insignificance and obscurity and become the largest eleemosynary institution under the care and support of the Province of British Columbia. Another consideration that prompts me to take this course is that you may have at your disposal, and at the disposal of the Government, a complete and convenient account of what has been done by the various Governments of this Province for the insane under their care, as well as to show how the Institution comes to be as it is to-day. For while this history will show that a great deal indeed has been done during those thirty years to care for and cure that class of unfortunate persons who suffer from the worst of illnesses, and much money spent in buildings as well as in maintenance, yet a lot remains to be done to bring the Institution up to the standard in point of equipment, and, therefore, I hope that it will cause no shock when later in this report I point out the necessity for considerable alteration in the near future in the accessory portions of the Hospital. Before going further, I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Drs. J. S. Helmcken and I. W. Powell, of Victoria, for their kind assistance in collecting the data which relates to the earlier part of the history. Dr. Helmcken was the first physician in British Columbia to come in contact officially with the insane, through his position as Gaol Surgeon in Victoria, which post he has most creditably filled for the very extended period of fifty years. Dr. Powell was the first Medical Superintendent appointed, but was, like several of his successors, non-resident. History. The earliest record which I have obtained of an insane person in British Columbia dates back to the year 1850, when a young Scotch immigrant became deranged soon after his arrival, and proved himself to be a genuine maniac by making a most violent and unprovoked attack 464 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 upon Dr. Helmcken during a visit. He was sent home in a sailing vessel, and it was afterwards ascertained that he quite recovered his mental balance. Cases were not so rare when the rush to the gold fields of the Cariboo was on, and during the years 1858 and 1859 many new-comers broke down under the strain and hardships endured, and had to be taken care of by the authorities. At this time there was no asylum nearer than the State of California, and the only place suitable in this Province for safe-keeping those cases which were at all violent or turbulent was the " lock-up " at Victoria. There were then no towns upon the Mainland, so that Victoria, which was a Hudson's Bay Co's. post, was the outfitting depdt and last point of departure for the gold fields, and all persons entering into and passing out of the country by the regular route passed through Victoria, to which port they usually came from San Francisco. It was in this way that the authorities began to send the insane who came under their notice in those days back to California, where they were committed to one or other of the asylums belonging to that State. This went on very well for a time until the Americans, although very obliging, gave our authorities to understand that the practice could not continue, but that if the British Columbia Government were willing to pay for their patients some arrangement might be made. However, this suggestion was not acted upon, but the insane were kept in the Gaol at Victoria until it became too full to hold any more, and then, as more violent and urgent cases presented themselves, the milder and more manageable ones were sent to the Royal Hospital. The gaol of those early days was not large, and contained only 10 or 12 cells. It was built of hewn logs at first, but some years later a brick administrative building, two stories in height, was placed to the front of it, and it then presented the appearance shown in the first illustration here. The site was the same as that now occupied by the Law Courts on Bastion Street. So long as the patients proved to be of the male sex the gaol seemed to serve the purpose of an asylum fairly well, but when female patients began to appear it was seen that something further would have to be done for the insane and a proper place provided. The Royal Hospital, above referred to, was a hospital for men only, and was situated upon an Indian Reserve opposite the City, upon the other side of the harbour. It was originally built for a pest-house, and this accounts for its location outside the City. As it offered no accommodation for women the ladies of Victoria opened a woman's hospital on Pandora Street, but this soon fell into financial difficulties, and it was then suggested that it should amalgamate with the Royal Hospital if the latter would keep a ward open for women. It was so arranged, and the building of the Royal Hospital vacated. Following this event, two female patients came under Dr. Powell's notice, and he suggested to the Government that they remodel the old Royal Hospital and make it into an asylum. This was done in the year 1872, and on October 12th was opened as the first Provincial Asylum, which function it was destined to fulfil for the short space of five and a half years. The Provincial Secretary took charge of the new Institution, and its management has been under his department ever since. In describing the building, I may say that it was a very simple structure of most modest appearance, as shown in the accompanying illustration. It was about fifty feet by forty, and had an upper storey, the whole being of wood and whitewashed. A door from the upper storey led out upon a balcony which possessed a fine view of the harbour, and altogether the situation was a pleasant one. Inside, the building was somewhat re-arranged from the plan existing when used as a hospital, and every available space was made up into cells or very small single rooms. On the opening day seven patients were admitted, and amongst them were the two women referred to, who, by the way, were sisters, and still" another sister was admitted two days after. Dr. I. W. Powell was appointed Medical Superintendent, Mr. E. A. Sharpe as 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 465 " Superintendent of the Asylum" and Mrs. Flora Ross as Matron. There were three " keepers " or male attendants, a cook and an Indian wash-woman. There were almost as many employees as patients, which demonstrates the fact that the per capita cost of maintenance, especially in regard to salaries, has an inverse relation in proportion to the number under treatment, and therefore small asylums are, pro rata, much more expensive to maintain than large ones. Crude as things must have been in this embryo asylum, there were malingering applicants for admission. Dr. Helmcken tells of one who pretended to be not only insane but paralyzed, but as his deception was suspected by a physician, the latter took a pail of water up to the balcony while the man was in the front of the building and suddenly dashed the contents upon the would-be lunatic, who suddenly made a complete recovery, and displayed good action in his legs while hurrying away. There is little doubt but that the structure was, internally, ill adapted for its work, as my records go to show that a carpenter was kept fairly busy repairing the damage done by disturbed patients. To keep order, at times it was found needful to resort to restraint, and this feature of the work developed and stayed with it for a considerable period of time. There had been no Act upon the pages of the Provincial Statutes dealing with asylums up to this time, but at the next sitting of the Assembly an Act was passed which continued in force for twenty years. It was called the "Insane Asylums Act, 1873." It placed the management, as already intimated, in the hands of a " Medical Superintendent" and a " Superintendent of the Asylum," the former being non-resident and the latter a resident layman, whose duty it was to look after the internal economy and discipline. This .Act was a very short one, and provided that a lunatic should be committed to the asylum upon the certificates of two medical practitioners, who were to examine the patient in the presence of one another, which you will note is the direct opposite to that now in force here and everywhere else. It made no provision for a statistical form or form of history, and so it occurs that we possess very little information about the patients treated in those early days, and what there is on record appears to have been obtained by the Superintendent from the patients themselves. At the close of the year 1873 Dr. Powell resigned, and was succeeded by Dr. J. B. Matthews, who began duty on January 1st, 1874. Small improvements were continually being made about the buildings, and fences were erected to form enclosed airing courts. At the end of the year 1872 there were 16 patients; at the end of 1873 there were 14, and at the end of 1874, 19 ; so it will be seen that the increase in population at first was not very rapid. At the end of 1875, however, there were 32 patients, and as soon as spring opened in 1876 a small addition which, in the photograph, looks more like a shed, was built. On July 1st of that year, 1876, Mr. J. J. Downey replaced Mr. Sharpe as " Superintendent of the Asylum," and on December 1st of the following year, Dr. Matthews having resigned, Dr. MacNaughton Jones took charge and went to live in the Institution as the first resident Medical Superintendent. At the close of this year there were 37 patients in residence, and the building could accommodate no more, nor was it desirable nor suitable to extend the Institution upon that site which, in the first place, did not belong to the Provincial Government and, in the next place, possessed no feature that would be useful to a large Institution such as it was evident that the Asylum was certain to become. The site was about as unsuitable as it could be from an economical point of view, and a radical change had to be made in some direction and at once. It was finally decided to remove the Institution to New Westminster and locate it upon a Government reserve, in juxtaposition to that City. This reserve is beautifully situated on the north bank of the world-famed Fraser River, between the main part of the City of New Westminster and that portion called Sapperton, which was once the site of the Royal 466 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Engineers' camp when they were on service in this country. The Dominion Government reserve, upon which is located the Penitentiary, lies next and parallel to this reserve. The bank of the Fraser, which forms the front of the reserve, rises to a considerable height, so that the intervention of the C. P. R. track with Columbia and Front Streets, between the river and the Institution, does not in the least break in upon the panorama of scenic grandeur as viewed from any portion of the buildings. Mount Baker, with its perennially snow-clad peak, is plainly seen in the eastern horizon directly opposite, while to the north are the seried ranks of the Coast Range of the Rockies. The reserve was then about 100 acres in extent and covered with its primeval suit of evergreens, with dense undergrowth. The soil upon the river end, which was the part built upon, was fairly good, being a sandy loam, but farther back it becomes more sandy and gravelly, with many large boulders cropping up here and there, while still to the rear of that we have brick-clay and then swamp. Looking toward the establishment of an Institution farm, it presented no rich promise. However, for convenience to the base of supplies, as well as to the centres where the most patients were likely to be found, the site could not have been better chosen, while at the same time it is said that one strong reason for placing the Institution here was to recompense New Westminster to some extent for its abandonment as the seat of local Government. The first building was erected during the fiscal year 1877-8, at a cost of about $24,000, and was so placed as to ensure sufficient fall in the water-pipe which was to conduct the water supply from a creek which runs through the adjoining Penitentiary property. This proved to be the water supply for about fourteen years, and may, therefore, be accepted as sufficient excuse for the error of placing the buildings too near the brow of the hill. This primary structure was built of brick and made two stories high, 125 feet long by 25 feet wide, with the main entrance in the centre, which part projected to the front about 20 feet. It faces east and slightly south. The internal arrangement was characteristic of that time and has been altogether altered, so that no one would, from its present appearance, suspect its earlier style. A narrow hall ran from the front door through to the rear, dividing the interior into two sections, with a ward in each. The same plan prevailed up-stairs, making four wards in all. The rooms for patients were all single, and of these each ward had seven, with a day-room and lavatory, but no water- closets. These latter were situated outside, and necessitated the patients being taken out to them by the attendants upon occasion, which was certainly not in accord with modern ideas. A peculiarity of the wards was the unusual height of the window-sills from the floor, it being so that no one eould see out of the windows unless he stood upon some object as high as a table, which, as one of the annual reports says, was a very common way for patients to spend hours. This defect, coupled with that of having heavy iron bars for window-guards, like a prison, made the wards very gloomy, and as they possessed no decorations, no carpets nor curtains, and very little furniture, which was home-made at the best, one can only wonder how the patients put in the time, and marvel that suicides did not occur very frequently. Even the bedsteads were home-made and furnished with straw ticks and straw pillows. The wards were heated by means of open fireplaces and stoves, and for light coal oil lamps were used. There was one dining-room for all, and the patients from the different wards dined serially, the women first and the men afterwards. The Superintendent and the Matron had their suites in the central part, and what with accommodation for the employees and storerooms, not much space could have been devoted to the wards. In fact, this one small building 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 467 had to accommodate the entire staff and the 38 patients whom they brought over with them from Victoria. The kitchen and laundry were contained in one small wooden shed at the rear, connected to the main building by a narrow wooden passage. Such was the first Asylum, in structure and fittings, that was built for the purpose of an Asylum in this Province. The transfer of the patients took place during the month of May, 1878, and two or three separate trips were made, but by the 17 th all were removed, together with household goods to the value of about $800. The 38 patients, as will be readily seen, more than filled the 28 rooms, and from the very start there was a degree of overcrowding that was not freely relieved for seven years, by the end of which time the day-rooms, corridors and lavatories were all being used as sleeping- rooms. As soon as the patients had been made as comfortable as possible in their new quarters, Dr. Jones resigned, leaving the service at the end of July to return to Victoria and take up general practice. Thereupon the old system of management was reverted to, and Mr. James Phillips was promoted to the office of "Superintendent of the Asylum," while Dr. T. R. Mclnnes, our recent Lieutenant-Governor, was appointed Medical Superintendent, to be nonresident. Coming now to the year 1883, we find that the annual report for the previous year was printed and distributed for the first time. It showed that the number of inmates had increased up to 49, and that the overcrowding was becoming irksome, combined as it was with so many defects in the structure and in the various services, such as the water, heating and lighting. It mentioned that very little outside work could be done on account of the proximity of the bush and the danger of escape, and altogether one gathers that the treatment was simply that of custodial care. On January 22nd Dr. Mclnnes resigned, and was followed in the work by Dr. J. A. Sivewright, who was himself succeeded on May Slst by Dr. R. I. Bentley. During 1884 plans were prepared for throwing out a wing to the north. This addition was made 99 feet long by 33 feet wide, being shorter, but wider, than the original building, with which it forms a right angle. The interior was differently planned, the intention being to provide dormitories instead of single rooms, and the corridors were made wide. The cost of this building was $26,000, and $4,700 more was spent on Lands and Works in the way of boundary fences and a residence for the Superintendent. At the same time, improvements were made in the old buildings to the extent of lowering the window-sills and building a balcony for each ward, so that access could be had to it by a door from the day-room. This was a specially welcome feature in this place, where the winter season is so unsuitable for patients to go out of doors in search of recreation, on account of the incessant rains and the water-soaked earth. The building of 1884 retains one feature, as will be seen from the photograph of it, which is not in vogue in modern asylums, and that is the heavily barred windows, but when one is dealing with insane criminals this, after all, is the safest window guard. It also possessed a front entrance of its own and was used as an administration building for a time. Some attempt was now made for the first time at decoration, and pictures were framed and placed on the wards, and by using one of the larger rooms it was possible to have divine service once a week, a matter that had been neglected hitherto. The capacity of the Institution was raised to about 70 beds, with about 60 patients in residence. At this time Dr. Bentley introduced an important innovation in the treatment of the patients, in allowing them to go out to work in the grounds, clearing and cultivating the land 468 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane 1902 enclosed within the new boundary fences. This afforded the unfortunate inmates a chance to be out in the open air and sunshine, as well as a pleasant diversion, and from the report of that year they seem to have thoroughly benefited by it in every way. Greater efforts were put forth also in the wards to amuse the patients by games and dancing, but as yet there was no amusement hall, that indispensable adjunct to every asylum. On January 1st, 1885, Dr. Bentley, who had hitherto been visiting physician, became resident with increase of salary, and was placed in full charge of the Institution, while the hitherto " Superintendent of the Asylum " was made steward. It was arranged that the Medical Superintendent should occupy the new residence built for him and devote all his time to his work, although he was permitted to still attend to the Royal Columbian Hospital for a while longer, a duty which he had previously been performing. During the next three or four years the Superintendent lost no opportunity of pointing- out to the Government that the services of water, heat and light were thoroughly bad and needed alteration. The water-pipe coming for such a long distance through hillocks and ravines over the Penitentiary grounds was choked with sand, and was continually breaking in weakened spots, while every repair was becoming more difficult, owing to the fact that the Penitentiary authorities had enclosed their property with a high boundary fence. However, as it was apparent that the future water supply of this Institution was going to be a serious matter, and no solution was visible other than to wait until the City installed its water-works, it was left in abeyance and so remained for some years. By the end of the year 1887 the Superintendent was urgently calling for more accommodation to be provided for patients, as the wards were again becoming very crowded. Nothing was done, however, until 1889, when it was decided to add an administration building and another wing, both extending, in the order mentioned, to the south. At the same time radical changes were planned for the old structure to make it conform to new ideas, and so it was widened by adding 12 feet to the front of it, making it 125 feet by 37 feet. Of course, to enable this work to be .carried out, the building had to be abandoned by the patients, and 20 men were chosen and sent to the gaol, for the time being, while the rest moved into the 1884 building. The new administration building now forms the centre of the main block, and is 65 feet by 43 feet, built of brick, and three stories in height. It was at first arranged to contain the officers' quarters and administrative offices as well as the steward's stores, a dispensary and a reception room for visitors, while the entire top floor was one large hall to be devoted to amusement purposes. As for the new wing, it was slightly larger than either of the others, being 127 feet by 38 feet, and arranged in the most accepted style of the time, with a wide central corridor and all the bedrooms leading off it, the day-room and lavatories being in the centre. It would accommodate 55 patients in all, while the alterations in the old building made it of like capacity. The only possible objection to the changes in the old building was the doing away with the balconies. This was a distinct loss which it is hoped will yet be remedied, but the substitution of the new window screens for the iron bars partly made up for it. A brick kitchen was also built in the rear and that service improved. Connections were made with the New Westminster Gas Company's pipes, and gas was installed for lighting the wards, but the attendants' rooms were not so provided, which still necessitated the use of coal oil lamps. Two hot water furnaces were placed in the basements, and the wards were heated by this means, which was a great improvement in that system. We now hear for the first time the mention of a work-shop, and this was when the old kitchen was allowed to the carpenter for his use. When all these operations were completed the Government had spent $55,000, and the Institution had a capacity of 165 patients. 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 469 The 20 patients in the gaol, whose number had been augmented to 27 during the twelve months while the building operations were in swing, were brought back in August of 1890, and the population was found to be 117. The acquisition of an amusement hall led to greater development along the line of amusement than anything that had been previously attempted, and during the following winter the female patients danced three times a week to music sung by one of their number, there being as yet no piano. The men had a violin and concertina which could be heard all day long, but it was not at that time customary for them to dance with the women. The chief event that transpired during the year 1891 was the purchase of a piano for the amusement hall. At this time the water supply, which had not been remedied with the other defective systems, was in a state of collapse. The water used was what was dipped up with buckets from a ditch at the back of the Asylum yard. However, during the year 1892 connection was made with the service pipes which had recently been installed in the City, and for the first time since its transfer to New Westminster was the Asylum furnished with an unlimited supply of pure, fresh water, such as has made New Westminster famous amongst the Coast Cities. It brought with it also an increased degree of fire protection, as hydrants were placed in all the wards as well as in the front grounds, all of which possess streams of high pressure. The greatest need now felt in the Institution was that of a better laundry, and this was supplied in the year 1894, when the present brick laundry building was erected. It was furnished with a cement floor and a veiy faulty dry-room, but the other internal fittings were left in a rather primitive state. No machinery of any kind has, up to the present, been installed in it, and the washing is being done in tubs by the Chinese patients. Until recent years part of the laundry was used for a shoe-maker shop and another part for the plumber. During the years that Dr. Bentley was in charge the work of clearing the land surrounding the Institution went on rapidly, and the grounds were very greatly improved as well as the lot of the patients. Towards the close of 1894 a Royal Commission, comprised of Dr. C. F. Newcombe, of Victoria, and Dr. Edward Hasell, of the same place, was appointed, for the purpose of investigating the affairs of the Institution. As the result, Dr. Bentley resigned his position and retired from office at the end of the year. Dr. Newcombe was placed in charge temporarily for a month, and was relieved on February 1st, 1895, by Dr. G. F. Bodington. As it was deemed advisable that the Superintendent should live in the Institution, it was arranged that quarters for his accommodation should be provided by the erection of an addition to the front of the main centre building. This work, together with the erection of a gatekeeper's lodge, was completed within the year, at a cost of $6,555, and the former Superintendent's residence was converted into a detached cottage for female patients. This cottage was lighted by electricity from the City plant, and the same system was installed in the new residence, so that this was the beginning of the period of electric lighting, which later on extended to the entire Institution. The arrangement of the front grounds was greatly altered and improved, by doing away with the old entrance and providing a more direct road from the corner of the property nearest to the City. This new avenue of entrance is quite level, and has been made very attractive in appearance. A lodge was built at the entrance for the accommodation of those attending the gate. During these two years the number of patients yvas gradually increasing, until at the close of 1896 we find the wards full to overflowing, there being 171 in residence, with 470 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 accommodation for 165. Plans for extensive additions were now prepared, and work begun in the summer of 1897 upon the first of two new detached buildings, which were to be located to the south of the then existing Institution. Each of these structures was built to accommodate about 55 patients, and an effort was made to have the appointments along modern lines. They stand detached, their only connection with one another and with the centre block being by means of a wooden corridor in the rear. Internally they present some marked contrasts, when compared with the old wards. There is, first of all, a proper day-room, large, bright and commodious, with a beautiful view from the windows. There is no dark wainscotting, which lends so much sombreness to the other wards, while the lavatories and bath-rooms are tiled and more commodious. There is ample light in every part of these buildings, and had the work of construction been well done, there is no doubt but that they would have satisfactorily met the expectation of the management. The 1897 building possesses an isolation apartment for noisy patients, while that attached to the 1898 building is in the shape of a pavilion. As soon as the first building was completed in 1898, it was occupied by male patients. The other cottage was finished the next year, 1899, and was furnished suitably for occupation by the female patients. It was not occupied, however, until the 20th of February, 1900. This afforded great relief to the female department, as it provided two wards for the accommodation of those female patients who had, up to this time, been accommodated in one small ward. It further enabled the management to place by themselves those patients who presented some hope of recovery. At the time that these additions were undertaken, provision was made for one general system of heating, which it was decided should be by steam. With this object in view, a central boiler-house was located to the rear of the main building, and to secure sufficient fall in the return pipes the boiler-room was placed fifteen feet below the surface of the ground. Three new large safety boilers were installed, while all the coils and radiators in the old building were re-arranged to correspond with the system placed in the new buildings. Two stories were built above the boiler-room, the first one being on the ground level and affording accommodation for the steward's several store-rooms. To the rear of this and attached was built a two-storied structure, 64 feet by 40 feet, the ground floor being taken up with a kitchen, scullery and pantries, while the up-stairs was arranged for a combined associate dining-room and amusement hall, with the corridors which connect the buildings in the rear running into it. During 1899 the old amusement hall, yvhich had been abandoned for the new, was remodelled and made into an infirmary ward, with a large and well-lighted operating room in conjunction. The ward, which will accommodate six patients, has not yet been opened, but is in readiness. At the same time a new brick mortuary was erected at a convenient place in the rear grounds. It is provided with a well-lighted room for post-mortem examinations, and the floors all through are of cement. The last alteration was the enlargement of the Superintendent's office by the addition of a bay window. Altogether, the years 1898 and 1899 witnessed the greatest expenditure that has ever taken place in connection with this Institution. It totalled $105,000. When this work was completed it wTas suggested that the waste steam from the laundry be used to provide power to light the Institution by electricity, but when the plant was installed it was found that a much higher pressure of steam would be required to run it than that usually carried in our boilers, so that the plant really became a separate and distinct one by itself, and has proved very efficient up to a certain point, but is very much too small to be entirely satisfactory. .. **W*SgBS^p3e < 00 0 w h II, O W H co h 55 W w W in do s. $ 15 20 Beets 1,380 „ 9 66 Cabbage 13,972 „ 244 49 Carrots 18,362 „ 82 63 Cauliflower 205 „ 4 10 Cordwood 37 cords 120 00 Corn (ears) 430 dozen 64 50 Ducks 15 9 00 Eggs, 25 dozen 6 25 Fowl 12 4 80 Hay 1| tons 15 00 Parsnips 24,158 lbs. 169 11 Pork consumed 5,144 n 462 96 ii sold 7,006 „ 447 27 Potatoes 48,842 „ 451 79 Turnips 24,158 „ 144 95 $2,251 71 2 Ed 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 479 Products of Garden. Beans (string) 357 lbs. Cabbage 2,999 ., Carrots 1,288 „ Cauliflower. 263 n Celery 228 i. Leeks ... 473 .. Lettuce 244 dozen Onions 120 lbs. Peas 100 ii Potatoes 1,182 „ Radishes 239 n Rhubarb 292 n Squash 100 n Tomatoes 352 n Turnips 28 n Apples 5,181 ii Blackberries 50 n Cherries 33 n Currants, black 221 n ii red and white 153 n Gooseberries 401 n Grapes 14 n Peaches 96 m Pears 205 n Plums 547 ii Raspberries 362 n Strawberries 266 n $ 7 14 48 83 5 80 5 26 11 40 9 46 36 60 1 80 3 50 10 94 2 39 14 60 3 00 35 20 17 129 52 2 00 2 64 8 84 7 65 20 05 1 40 9 60 6 15 10 94 28 96 21 28 $445 12 Chief Events of the Year. Change of Management. Early in the year the Hospital received a visit from Dr. C. K. Clarke, Medical Superintendent of the Rockwood Hospital (for insane) at Kingston, Ontario. He came under instructions from your Department to inspect the Institution and examine into its workings and report to the Government. After a most searching investigation, which began on January 18th and lasted nearly a week, Dr. Clarke recommended that certain changes should be made in the system, with a view to introducing greater economy in the use of supplies, and to make the general plan of management to conform to that which has proved to be the most successful at the present day. It was apparent that to bring about the required changes would entail an immense amount of work, and Dr. Bodington felt constrained, through the advance of his years, to relinquish the labour to younger hands, and seek well-earned rest and retirement in the land of his birth surrounded by the members of his family and his friends. In this connection I can truthfully testify that no greater general sorrow has been witnessed throughout the Institution than that occasioned by the departure of the one who had taken the helm at a very trying time, and had safely piloted the Hospital through some difficult passages, giving to it his best energy and utmost attention, though never in robust health, and having already arrived at that period of life when men hope to be able to forget labour and worry. Dr. Bodington's resignation was accepted by the Government, who voted him a retiring allowance for his faithful services, which terminated on February 28th, after 6 years of most arduous toil, during the greater part of which he was alone in charge of the Institution. His Assistant, the present incumbent of the chief executive office, was appointed his successor. 480 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 It was found advisable to make certain changes in the staff to begin with, in order that proper co-operation might be secured in carrying out the new system of management, which it was at once seen was not in favour with some. With loyal co-operation upon the part of the staff in an institution of this kind, a superintendent of very mediocre ability might successfully carry on a good work, but it would be impossible for a man even of the highest endowments to do justice to his patients and his employers, while a lot of underhand scheming is going on amongst his assistants, with a view to making trouble. The very first change attempted precipitated a crisis, as the result of which one male attendant was dismissed and five others were permitted to leave at once, all of which vacancies were filled immediately by young men from the City. This matter would have been trifling in itself, had it not been for the disturbance made in the public press as a result of the sensational and lying reports circulated by the disgruntled malcontents whom we had dropped from the staff', but as soon as the truth became known my attitude was upheld. One of the first changes inaugurated was that whereby the kitchen department was placed under the control of the Matron. It had previously been managed solely by the cooks, who, not being in touch with the wards, were unable to dispense the food to the best advantage in order to prevent waste. The diet sheets are now made out fortnightly, to insure a healthy degree of variety. In short, this service, which used to be the source of so much complaint and unpleasantness, has been made thoroughly efficient and complaints are very rare. In the outside department a distinction has been drawn between the farm and the garden, and a separate officer is now in charge of each, with his domain distinctly outlined as wrell as his duties. As touching the wards, I saw that there were enough trustworthy patients who, if gathered together, would till one ward, which they might be able to take care of themselves with some oversight, and at the same time have the privilege of open doors; accordingly, the " open-door ward " was established and has proved successful, so that two less attendants were required on the staff. These patients were also allowed to remain up at night until 10 p. m., for reading and social games. By another arrangement the patients who were willing and anxious to work, but not on parole, were gathered together in one ward and went out to work every fine day, which they seemed to enjoy very much. In the offices I had a very busy year. The method of keeping the correspondence had become so antiquated that it had to be all re-arranged, and in this connection all the admission papers of every patient from the first had to be gone over and dealt with. New filing boxes and a filing cabinet were made and installed in the office. In ascertaining the per capita cost of maintenance, as I will intimate in this report later, I spent a great deal of time, and every voucher in our possession had to be dealt with separately, in order to classify the expenditures according to the plan to be mentioned under the section on expenditure. Improvements. During the year improvements were effected in nearly every department. In the centre building it was found that the new Infirmary was impracticable in the form in which the contractors had left it. A partition was built at the head of the stairs, affording the required means of security against escape from the ward, as wTell as of isolation in case of need. In the basement another partition was built, to shut off the dust and steam coming from the boiler room. An office was made for the Chief Attendant by appropriating two rooms in B ward ; this has the advantage also of enabling that officer to keep some oversight of B ward, which is the " open-door " ward. Suitable clothes-rooms were arranged in A, D and F wards to replace the small dark closets formerly used for that purpose. D ward was generally overhauled and 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 481 decorated, so that now it presents a most home-like appearance and is by far the most handsome ward that this Institution has ever known. This work will be carried on until every ward in the house is made what it should be. The capacity of the ward was incidentally increased by three beds. The Superintendent's residence had to be completely gone over by the Plasterer, and the opportunity was taken advantage of to install gas-pipes in the principal rooms. The Gate-Lodge was practically reconstructed and made more sanitary. It had formerly contained but four rooms, in which eight persons had to live, and contained no modern conveniences. It now has six rooms, besides a bath-room and water closet, also an entrance hall. The public entrance at the gate was also greatly improved in connection with this same alteration, and two porticos of handsome design were placed about it, the one on the inside and the other on the outside of the gate. The whole structure was artistically painted by ourselves, in colours not quite so sombre as those prevailing here in the past. The eastern ends of the 1897 and 1898 buildings were cemented to keep the rain from soaking through the brick, and rendering parts of those buildings uninhabitable in the winter. Paint and oil were used as a finishing coat, and the appearance of the buildings has been somewhat enhanced. A stone retaining wall was built at the side of the kitchen and capped with cedar, with a protecting rail over that. On account of the frequent blocking of the sewers from the '97 and '98 buildings, it was decided to build brick traps in such a position as to catch foreign bodies before they would lodge in that part of the pipe, which is now from 12 to 15 feet below the ground. One was built for each building and securely covered. It was found necessary to take up the steam pipe to the laundry and replace it, as it had become completely rusted through and had been causing a great loss of steam intended for the dry-room. New pipes were laid and covered with asbestos in a tunnel built of brick and cement. A steam trap was placed on this connection, and has resulted in a great saving of steam and thus fuel. The old iron sinks in the scullery rusted through and were replaced by porcelain ones. The front bank, where all the excavated earth for any number of years had been dumped, was graded and sodded by the Gardener, with the aid of patients. More remains to be done during the current year. The excavating which had been left unfinished by the chain-gang at the rear of the 1898 building was completed by us, and the high bank graded and sodded. A drain 600 feet long was put in at the top of the bank to prevent percolation of water through the bank. The telephone and electric light poles were removed from the front grounds, where they were unsightly, and were placed in the rear. Chairs were substituted in two dining rooms for benches, and knives and forks were placed upon the tables, as well as spoons for the patients to eat with. In the past spoons only were allowed, except upon special occasions, such as Christmas. Increased fire protection was afforded by the installation of a fire-alarm box of the same pattern as those used by the City, and connected with the City system. A hydrant, which was located in an unsuitable place, was moved to a better one, while the house for the hose- reel was moved and painted. The hose in all the wards was tested and defective portions discarded and replaced. The babcocks were attended to regularly and the lawn house supplied with new fire pails, of a better pattern than those on the wards. I feel that we should make some good ladders this year and keep them in readiness as we do the other fire apparatus. I hope to institute fire practice when the new shops-building is completed, and the outside employees are gathered there in the living quarters being prepared for them. Thanks to our proximity to the City, we have never felt that in case of fire we were utterly dependent upon our own exertions, and for that reason I suppose this department, usually so well equipped 482 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 and trained in other institutions of this kind, has been rather neglected here. However, it is advisable that whatever available men we have for the purpose should be trained so as to be able to assist the City Fire Brigade in the-event of fire. The Engineer recommended that steam traps be placed upon those portions of the system that were in his opinion causing the greatest loss of heat, and that the return pipes generally should be covered. To test the matter, three steam traps were installed and considerable covering done to the pipes, the results of which have been so satisfactory that we shall secure and place in position several more traps, in order to thus control the entire system and render it as economical as possible. In no previous year has so much been accomplished in improving the ornamental and cultivated land belonging to the Hospital. A large area of new land, I should say about five acres, was cleared of trees, stumps and stones and placed under crop. Some days as many as 70 patients were engaged in this work. The results, both in improved health to the patients and in increased returns from the soil, were eminently satisfactory, and encourage us to go on and achieve greater results this year. In the fall, attention was turned to draining, and about 2,000 feet of tile were laid, so that the land should be in even better condition for the next crop. A lot of old shacks were cleared away in the rear and the pig-yards pushed farther away from the proximity of the buildings. A small house was erected and fitted up for killing and dressing our own pork, which has proved an economical procedure. The boundary fence was continued up the boulevard as far as possible, with the material on hand, and it is expected that the new appropriations will enable me to have it carried completely around the rear of our property, so that we may have a park for the ladies and a campus for the men. New Buildings. An attempt was made during the year to fill, so far as the funds would allow, a long-felt want—namely, workshops. The first to be undertaken was a combined blacksmithy and plumbing shop. It was built of fir and measures 37 feet by 12 feet, with a lean-to at one end for a store-room for the Steward. The blacksmithy was fitted up with a brick furnace and large bellows, anvil, vise, and a general assortment of tools, many of which were manufactured there. The plumbing-shop has no fittings other than three good benches and plenty of room for those things which had been occupying space in the laundry for years. This work of construction was done by the patients, under the direction of the carpenter. In the same way a paint-shop was built on a line with the other. It measures 24 by 12 feet, and is nicely fitted up with drawers, etc. The chief undertaking of all, however, was the erection of a building 101 feet long by 36 feet wide, with a basement, two storeys and an attic, which for want of a better name I have called the "shops-building." This is the building the plans for which I had the honour to submit to you last spring. The first floor contains a carpenter-shop 50 by 36 feet, attached to which is a cabinet-shop and a finishing-room. There are also rooms for book-binding, brush and broom-making, mattress-making, lock and clock repairing, with a tailor-shop and shoemaker-shop up-stairs. The second-storey also accommodates about ten employees, while the attic has four good-sized rooms. The basement is built with ten feet of masonry, and will occupy one-half the space under the building. The floor will be cemented and a hot-air furnace will be installed for the heating. The only outside assistance which we had to secure for this work was a master-mason for a month and an extra carpenter. The patients, under the direction of the employees, have carried on the greatest part of the operations, from the excavation to the shingling, which is about as far as we had reached at the close of the year. The completion of this building will be an important event in the history of the Institution, .,oo,»«.OVoo«« IX, w < CO £ UJ X o Ll h CT Z X £ h LU X £ Q < W o o" CO Z W Q Q LU l-H m CJ LU w LU III CC fl sL 01 O 1 h 3 55 OJ W O Q 55 LT r- w 10 H •^ 2 d X w h- Cl p O rn X £ W X o o- h < III LU 0 LU 2 r- r—1 O £ [- 0 cn X w 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 483 and I trust that the new appropriations will enable us to complete it, in order that we may prove what we have always contended, that the establishment of shops would be a great boon to the Hospital. Expenditure. Before submitting to you the figures that represent the amount of our expenditure for the past year, I would venture upon a few remarks. I understand that it was owing to dissatisfaction under this head that the Government appointed a Royal Commission to investigate the working of this Institution last winter, and I know that during the investigation the Commissioner endeavoured to ascertain the exact per capita cost of maintenance and could not, because of the system employed by us in keeping the accounts. This was not the fault of the Clerk at all, but of the system in use. To remedy this matter, the Commissioner recommended that the Clerk be made Bursar, and be allowed to perform every function of such an office ; that all accounts should pass through his hands, so that he might properly classify them, which is an indispensable requirement to satisfactory administration. This change was concurred in by yourself, and the appointment made with increase of salary, but as yet no change has taken place in the duties, and matters are no better than they were. To explain how the accounts should be kept, in order that the per capita cost may be correctly computed, I would state as follows :—This Hospital for the Insane is an indispensable Government Institution, and as such is a Government asset, like all the other Government institutions of the land. It must, therefore, have two accounts, the one, capital, including the money spent in construction, improvements and primary equipment, every item of expenditure under this head having something tangible to show for it and being a permanent asset. The other account is that for maintenance, and includes the money spent on salaries, provisions, water, fuel, clothing, medicines and miscellaneous, as well as for repairs to plant and equipment, expenditures which leave no asset, but are incurred simply in carrying on the work for which the Institution exists. Now the mistake that has been made here is simply this : The primary furnishing and equipment has been charged to maintenance, and no account taken of the $17,000 worth of furniture and fittings that we now possess, and so it has been made to appear that maintenance was more costly than it really was, which was greatly to the disadvantage of the management, when comparisons were instituted between our per capita cost and that of other similar institutions. Of course the original equipment deteriorates and wears out, but it is always maintained at a proper degree of fitness by the substitution of new articles from time to time, and these are charged to maintenance, so that the original equipment remains a permanent asset of full value. On the other hand, I found that some amounts were charged to capital account that really belong to maintenance, and that some other departments were sharing our expenses. For instance, we never see our telephone or telegraph bills, while stationery comes from the King's Printer free of charge. These all belong to maintenance. However, the figures that I propose to submit have been placed under their proper heads, and have been taken from the vouchers submitted by us to the department for payment. They cover the entire period of the existence of the Hospital, and consumed a great deal of my spare time during the past year in compilation. The totals tally exactly with those in our books, only the headings being changed. I went to this trouble with the entire lot, since it is apparent, that to submit the figures for the past year under a different arrangement from those of the previous years would be very unfair to my predecessors, the results of whose management, from a financial point of view, are shown up in better light by the new adjustment. Our expenditure for maintenance for the past year, as shown in Table A, herewith appended, was $55,406.08, being about $4,000 less than it was in 1900, notwithstanding the fact that we had an average of 26 patients more throughout the year. Dividing this amount by 269.56, which was the daily average number in residence, we get $205.54 as the per capita cost. For the previous year it was $244, so that there was a gratifying reduction of $38.46 per patient. Had the per capita cost been the same as it was the previous year, $10,370 more would have been spent for the same results, so that this figure represents the real saving. Table B shows the per capita cost analysed under its various divisions, and a moment's reflection will show you that while the amounts mentioned in Table A are ever on the increase, those in B should remain stationary or decrease, and if any undue expenditure should occur it can be localised at once in this table. Comparing the items for the past year with those for the one previous to it, we note that the reductions were chiefly in salaries, provisions, fuel and miscellaneous, but most marked in fuel, while there was an apparent rise in clothing. This latter is explained by the fact that the shoemaker was paid from the vote for "boots, etc.," instead of from that for salaries. While a reduction was effected in the expenditure for salaries, it was not by cutting the wages of anyone in the service (with one exception, which was accidental), but was due to the reduction of the staff by instituting the "open door ward," dropping the barber, plumber and teamster and one medical officer. In the matter of expenditure for salaries, we cannot expect to compare figures with eastern institutions, where I know that the general run of employees are shamefully underpaid, and that, too, in a service that requires the best type of person that the country can produce. Nor yet can we hope to compare figures with those larger institutions which handle from one to two thousand patients, for the simple reason that a small institution requires nearly as many officers as a large one, but we may rest assured that as our numbers increase the per capita cost will go down and compare favourably with any Institution, under similar circumstances. As already intimated in this Report, our expenditure for provisions must always be high while we depend upon the general purveyor for all the supplies used upon the table. A farm colonjr is the remedy. As was anticipated, the most satisfactory reduction was in the fuel bill, and in this connection I would praise the Engineer for the careful way in which he handled the coal supplies. He set out to cut the fuel bill in two, and he almost succeeded, at the same time furnishing all the heat required as hitherto. We hope to make further reductions in this expense by improvements to the heating plant during the coming summer, but I do not think that we shall reach much below the present figure until we have a wharf and scow of our own to enable us to do our own delivering and deal directly with the mines. The expenditure under capital account was greater than it was in the previous year. It amounted to $7,134.58, of which $1,840.53 was spent upon new furniture and equipment, $104.20 on the medical library, and $14.65 on new surgical appliances, the remaining $5,175.20 being spent upon lands and works in the manner following :— Outstanding accounts left by previous management $ 166 75 Installation of weigh-scales 150 00 Clearing- and improving land for cultivation 243 81 Slaughter-house for farm 23 54 Re-constructing gate-lodge 408 24 Carried forward $992 34 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 485 Brought forward. $992 34 Plumbing and blacksmith shops 233 80 Paint shop , 120 03 New " shops-building " 2,143 70 Improvements to wards and infirmary, painting, etc 206 92 Improvements to interiors other than wards 298 44 Cementing the north ends of 1897 and 1898 buildings 108 86 Steam traps, valves and asbestos covering for heating plant .... 318 87 Extensions to lighting service 29 96 Extensions to hot and cold water service 81 27 New brick culvert to laundry for steam pipes 129 35 Fire-alarm box, moving hydrant, etc 161 38 Improvements to sewers, brick traps, etc 38 30 Fixing grounds next to buildings to protect the latter 48 50 Retaining wall in rear of kitchen 17 95 Netting about tennis lawn 10 45 Sundry small works, fencing, laying sidewalks, etc 125 00 Goods in stock not yet used, paint, glass, hardware, etc 110 08 $5,175 20 Including all in a grand total, we have expended $62,540.66 during the year 1901, which is about $1,000 less than the grand total for the year 1900. Table A. Showing the average number of patients in residence each year, and the total amount spent for maintenance, with the per capita cost. Year. Average number in residence. Maintenance expenditure. Per capita cost. 1872 (81 days) 1873 1874 1875 , 16.57 16.07 16.76 27 42 36.41 34.61 36.52 38.17 45 42 47.18 47.86 48.73 48.70 54.67 59.11 73.55 79.43 71.30 78.78 119.87 125.24 133.92 148.64 162.97 171.43 188.91 216.53 226.44 243.24 269.56 $ 2,265 25 7,841 94 8,232 41 9,892 38 12,558 18 12,917 17 13,985 05 10,253 72 10,552 18 10,691 76 11,343 65 11,829 11 11,843 94 15,555 87 15,334 43 15,945 22 16,261 06 15,657 79 17,577 80 21,757 03 23,518 37 25,904 98 26,495 83 31,587 89 32,001 40 36,224 76 46,420 25 54,917 45 59,349 20 55,406 08 $616 00 487 98 491 20 360 77 1876 1877 1878 344 91 373 26 382 93 1879 268 63 1880 1881 232 32 226 62 1882 237 02 18S3 1884 242 75 243 20 1885 1886 284 54 259 42 1887 1888 1889 1890 216 70 204 72 219 60 223 13 1891 181 50 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 187 80 193 36 178 25 193 83 186 67 1897 1898 191 75 214 38 1899 . 242 52 1900 1901 244 00 205 54 486 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table B. Showing analysis of the per capita cost. Year. Salaries. Provisions. Clothing. Fuel and Light. Furniture. Medicines. Miscellaneous. Total. 1872 $279 38 $184 03 $55 81 $22 44 $15 55 $10 18 $49 30 $616 69 1873 221 48 166 81 14 55 23 65 21 59 7 74 32 16 487 98 1874 231 10 152 10 22 07 23 98 28 36 7 78 25 81 491 20 1875 153 82 113 40 13 98 16 88 25 45 6 73 30 51 360 77 1876 143 34 114 45 18 68 22 75 17 90 2 86 24 93 344 91 1877 177 15 126 75 20 69 4 66 20 75 3 74 19 52 373 26 1878 176 16 124 23 30 43 13 94 7 20 9 16 21 82 382 93 1879 134 27 95 10 3 25 15 91 6 39 6 31 7 40 268 63 1880 111 84 87 71 5 74 14 06 6 00 3 63 3 34 232 32 1881 112 44 81 14 6 86 12 73 5 55 2 56 5 34 226 62 1882 121 51 84 52 7 05 12 30 4 54 3 49 3 61 237 02 1883 123 81 92 56 6 03 11 04 4 26 2 24 2 82 242 75 1884 124 02 90 64 7 03 12 43 4 14 2 77 2 18 243 20 1885 169 05 84 33 6 33 15 05 3 90 2 93 2 95 284 54 1886 159 03 69 35 5 49 16 20 3 72 1 59 4 04 259 42 1887 127 80 59 10 5 88 15 38 3 88 93 3 81 216 78 18S8 118 34 60 47 4 41 13 90 3 11 2 09 2 40 204 72 1889 131 70 59 11 7 20 12 93 4 13 2 07 2 46 219 60 1890 121 54 62 77 9 02 17 31 4 00 1 29 7 19 223 12 1891 88 35 54 79 3 83 20 43 3 40 1 89 8 81 181 50 1892 94 25 56 74 4 69 20 53 3 35 1 80 6 42 187 80 1893 95 50 53 55 5 43 22 60 3 39 2 69 10 20 193 36 1894 87 76 57 07 5 25 18 83 2 98 1 43 4 93 178 25 1895 90 83 61 15 9 90 20 41 2 51 3 10 5 93 193 83 1896 89 13 55 93 6 30 20 29 2 56 3 63 8 83 186 67 1897 89 09 58 18 8 36 19 11 2 95 3 86 10 20 191 75 1898 94 68 69 43 9 94 21 82 2 76 5 12 10 62 214 37 1899 113 31 72 91 8 31 33 96 2 50 2 73 8 80 242 52 1900 116 04 72 62 9 06 32 10 2 15 1 71 10 32 244 00 1901 99 16 66 65 10 12 18 52 3 25 1 07 6 77 205 54 The average for each decade is as follows, and shows a gradual reduction, as one would expect to find. 1872 to 1881 174 10 124 57 19 21 17 10 15 47 6 07 22 01 378 53 1882 to 1891 128 51 71 76 6 23 14 70 3 91 2 13 4 03 231 27 1892 to 1901 96 97 62 40 7 74 22 84 2 84 2 72 8 29 203 80 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 487 WO a c3 CD rfl 05 s _o -S ^0 la fl IE cS 3 a fl C3 H CD -1 fl M cs H £ a fl P4 -a fl CD 60 fl o -fl o ™ J*l ro o i-l O o -* Co ■ CM • CO ■ ^ O « lO CC CO c o c OluOO^ICOrHCoriCooCMXiJICiDOOOO lO'Oi-HCOIOC-CCoGOaO^CCCML-'C^COOOrHCM io cm ic ii m ro rt « x o ic; cd oo o cc co i.j icHr^COOIOlCoOOCOrHr^^Ol-dHCMr-or^ CNC^.^<>|COrHO-*l>rHCo^C»eOlOCoO^ ofrH~ --,r* lOCM—Ticf Surgical Instruments. o o CM CO IO r~ o 148 01 19 00 6 39 C3 IO 00 CO 0*0 0-, ^0 53 o o OS IO 8 60 29 10 25 10 104 20 CD 0- 0> -h * 2 c c C S c c o o o o oc o o c o c — o o o c o o o o CC CR oi ooooooooco ooooooooto ooooooooo LOOOOOOOOTt* COCMOOCCCMr^CCO'HHOO rH HC4-HC4H £3 ■z^, to f. 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Percentage of deaths to number under treatment. Year. 00 so. 00 0 o CO CO P3 1 10 4 3 11 6 9 5 4 5 3 4 5 5 16 21 19 19 22 20 18 21 13 29 23 20 27 31 38 40 T3 00 CD O o CO 401 O 1872 18 15 12 29 22 14 17 18 17 13 7 8 11 21 27 39 29 41 57 54 64 49 80 62 64 74 81 101 113 115 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 6 8 21 16 19 11 25 8 13 32 27 20 i 5 3 10 5 o 8 8 5 5 2 3 2 5 6 5 3 4 12 20 13 14 19 20 9 14 19 21 29 25 5.55 80.00 33.33 26.89 63.63 64.28 58.82 27.77 29.41 61.54 57.14 62.50 63.63 28.57 62.96 58.71 72.41 46.34 49.12 51.85 60.93 75.51 40.00 64.51 75.00 37.83 49.38 62.37 57.52 52.17 5.55 1873 1874 5 13 3 2 5 7 1 2 1 16.12 11.53 1875 1876 1877 20.83 9.35 6.12 1878 16.16 1879 1880 1881 14.81 8.62 8.19 1882 1883 3.63 5.26 1884 1885 2 10 4 12 5 18 17 6 12 29 2 7 32 18 13 24 26 2 3.33 6.94 1886 1887 1888 1889 6.81 4.80 2.87 3.25 1890 7.64 1891 11.69 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 6.95 7.60 8.92 8.92 3.94 5.69 6.66 1899 1900 1901 6.42 8.14 6.63 Table No. 3. Showing the number of admissions, discharges and deaths for each month during the year 1901. Month. January .. February . March April May June July August .. September October . . November December . Total . Admissions. Male. Female. Total. o 4 6 5 13 14 7 5 9 6 10 89 1 1 0 1 4 2 2 1 4 4 1 26 10 5 7 14 18 9 7 10 10 14 US Discharges. Male. Female. Total. 2 ■2 / 6 6 7 "3 44 1 3 1 0 3 2 2 1 16 6 9 8 6 9 9 2 4 60 Deaths. Male. Female. Total. 1 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 4 20 3 4 2 ' 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 5 25 496 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table No. 4. Showing the civil state of the patients admitted during the year. Civil State. Male. Female. Total. 53 27 8 1 89 5 20 1 0 26 58 47 9 1 Total 115 Table No. 5. Showing the religious denomination of those admitted during the year. Denomination. Male. Female. Total. 17 2 3 5 0 4 1 0 2 4 1 3 2 0 3 0 1 22 2 7 1 7 6 9 1 14 7 1 20 1 1 8 Methodist 13 2 17 9 1 23 1 2 Total 89 26 115 Table No. 6. Showing the degree of education in those patients admitted during the year. Degree of Education. Superior Common School Can read only Cannot read nor write Not known Total Male. Female. 6 1 72 23 2 1 1 1 8 0 . 89 26 Total. 7 95 3 2 115 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 497 Table No. 7. Showing the native country of those admitted during the year 1901. Place of Birth. Australia Austria Canada—Ontario Quebec New Brunswick .... Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island. China England.. ... France Germany Ireland Italy Japan New Zealand.. Scotland Sweden Switzerland. .. United States Unknown Wales West Indies .. Total Male. 1 13 3 3 1 1 4 21 4 4 3 1 4 1 5 4 1 13 1 89 Female. Total. 1 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 7 0 1 0 26 1 1 19 3 4 1 1 4 25 4 4 5 1 4 1 1 20 1 1 1 115 Table No. 8. Showing the districts contributing patients during the year 1901. Place of Residence at time of Committal. Male. Female. Total. Yukon District: 9 2 15 2 1 1 1 0 4 0 3 0 1 0 0 9 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Atlin District: * Atlin 2 Vancouver Island and other Coast Islands: 19 2 4 1 1 1 2 17 6 2 1 2 Lower Mainland: 26 7 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 Yale 2 1 Kamloops District: 3 2 68 20 88 498 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table No. 8.—Concluded. Showing the districts contributing patients during the year 1901. Place of Residence at time of Committal. Male. Female. Total. 68 1 20 1 1 1 1 2 88 Okanagan District: 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 1 West Kootenay: 2 3 6 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 East Kootenay: 1 2 1 Boundary District: 2 Columbia 1 89 1 Total 26 115 Table No. 9. Showing the occupations of those patients admitted during the year 1901. Occupations. Male. Female. Total. 2 1 2 18 2 1 1 1 26 2 1 2 4 1 4 3 1 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 4 1 4 Clerks 3 1 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 18 17 2 1 1 16 2 2 1 17 2 1 1 16 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 89 1 ] 1 Total 115 2 Ed 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 499 Table No. 10. Showing the ages of those admitted during the year 1901. Age. Under 15 years From 15 to 20 „ 20 i, 25 , 25 „ 30 , 30 n 35 , 35 n 40 / 40 » 45 , 45 „ 50 , 50 „ 60 , 60 „ 70 , 70 ,i 80 years. Total Male. Female. 2 3 5 2 6 4 18 2 12 8 17 1 3 1 18 5 5 3 89 26 Total. 5 7 10 20 20 18 4 23 5 3 115 Table No. 11. Showing the number of the attack in those admitted during 1901. Number of Attack. Male. Female. Total. First 50 7 1 1 16 4 2 2 1 1 66 11 Third 3 Fifth Sixth 1 2 2 27 1 3 28 1 Total 89 26 115 Table No. 12. Showing the alleged duration of the attack, prior to admission, in those admitted during the year 1901. Duration of Attack. Male. Female. Total. 5 16 17 7 3 2 6 4 4 3 4 7 5 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 26 9 23 22 9 3 „ 9 a 12 „ 2 6 5 5 6 n 10 ,/ 20 a 1 2 19 1 89 3 20 1 Total 115 500 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table No. 13. Showing statistics of heredity in those admitted during the year 1901. Hereditj'. Paternal branch Maternal n Paternal and maternal branches Lateral branches (brothers and sisters) Insane children Insane relatives, history obscure Said not to be hereditary History unascertained Not insane Total Male. 1 13 66 1 89 Female. 12 26 Total. 1 1 25 72 1 115 Table No. 14. Showing the alleged exciting causes of insanity in those admitted during the year 1901. Cause. Male. Female. Total. 1 3 3 6 i 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 Childbirth 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 9 2 2 20 8 1 3 10 Ill-health 2 2 20 3 2 1 1 10 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 26 1 10 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 30 Total 89 26 115 Table No. 15. Showing the state of the bodily health on admission. Bodily Condition. Male. Female. Total. 30 48 11 5 15 6 26 35 63 Greatlv reduced . . . 17 Total 89 115 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 501 Table No. 16. Showing the form of mental disorder in those admitted during the year. Form of Disorder. Male. Female. Total. 4 1 4 2 1 1 6 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 8 3 1 1 11 3 15 6 6 6 1 1 13 4 14 17 6 16 a senile 6 6 8 3 1 Alcoholic a 13 5 14 Morphinism 1 1 1 2 2 2 Total 89 26 115 Table No. 17. Showing the number of patients discharged on probation during the year, with results. Results. Discharged recovered a improved /; unimproved // not insane Returned to hospital Still out at close of the year Total number to whom probation was given Male. Female. 17 11 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 27 19 28 5 1 1 3 46 Table No. 18. Showing the alleged duration of insanity prior to admission in those discharged recovered during the year. Duration of Insanity. Male. Female. Total. 16 5 1 2 9 3 1 1 14 25 8 1 3 1 2 26 2 Total 40 502 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table No. 19. Length of residence of those receiving treatment January 1st, 1902. Duration of treatment of those discharged recovered during the year. Duration of treatment of those discharged improved during the year. Duration of treatment of those discharged unimproved during the year. Under 1 month 6 12 10 8 2 2 9 7 3 2 3 4 47 32 20 20 10 5 14 10 8 29 6 9 6 3 4 3 6 4 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 not insane, 1 „ 3 „ 4 n „ 5 /. 6 i, „ 7 „ 8 n 1 „ 9 „ 10 a 1 1 1 1 1 „ 10 CO 11 II 1 3 3 1 „ 3 „ 4 ,i 1 1 „ 7 « 8 „ 1 1 „ 8 a 9 a „ 9 „ 10 n 10 a 15 a a 15 c/20 a /; 20 //25 /; it 25 years and upwards Total 284 40 14 6 Table No. 20. Showing the age, length of residence, and certified cause of death in those cases which ended fatallyT during the year. Register Initials. Sex. Age. Residence in Hospital. No. Years. Months. Daj's. Certified cause of death. 1,019 681 1,104 F. P. L. F. J. J. VV. I. MoF. H. H. J. R. W. R. B. E. H. K. W. H. L. N. M. T. C. A. F. J. H. A. T. H. J. D. S. M. F. F. F. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 35 32 36 79 40 67 39 41 40 56 60 30 54 37 43 4 8 10 10 4 4 5 16 3 21 10 General paresis. Exhaustion of epilepsy. Exhaustion (puerperal melancholia). General senile debility. General paresis. Ruptured aortic aneurism. Exhaustion of mania. General paresis. General paresis. General paresis. General peritonitis. Marasmus. General paresis. General paresis. Pneumonia, with paresis. 1,059 998 218 1,050 505 902 14 8 2 2 4 2 6 11 8 7 1 904 716 1,043 874 1,141 1 7 10 6 3 29 25 15 16 889 2 5 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 503 Table No. 20.—Concluded. Showing the age, length of residence, and certified cause of death in those cases which ended fatally during the year. Register Initials. Sex. Age. Residence in Hospital. No. Years. Months. Days. Certified cause of death. 1,161 M. J. P. G. L. T. Y. A. McD. T. D. L. D. R. R. B. C. T. G. A. VV. W. F. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. F. M. 43 41 30 63 66 40 64 36 18 35 12 27 29 26 27 19 10 27 15 16 1,015 1,159 1,169 14 840 1,162 1,193 1 29 3 4 1 1 2 5 4 General paresis. Exhaustion of acute mania. General paresis. Apoplexy. Strangulation. General paresis. Septicaemia (cerebral abscess). Exhaustion of epilepsy. General paresis. 1,174 1,129 3 7 Table No. 21. Classification as to race of those patients remaining in residence January 1st, 1902. Class. Male. Female. Total. Whites Total 195 1 2 26 59 254 1 Chinese 1 3 26 224 60 284 Table No. 22. Showing forms of employment engaged in by the male patients during the year, and the number of days upon which they worked. Employment. Assisting the carpenter a farmer » gardener a painter » plumber ;/ plasterer » tailor Working in the blacksmith shop i, a kitchen and scullery // a laundry a a engine-room w on the wards Tending the front door Total No. of clays. 1,495 6,805 1,395 212 178 387 109 181 4,297 2,774 429 29,684 361 48,307 504 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 1902 Table No. 23. Showing the articles made and repaired on the wards and in the shops during the year. Name of Article. Female Wards:— Aprons Blankets (eut in two, hemmed and repaired) Chemises Covers, bureau it billiard table // table a tray Dresses, gingham , n serge n night Drawers, pairs Dusters Handkerchiefs Mats Napkins for table .... Neckties Pillow-slips , Rugs Sheets Sofa cushions Shirts Socks, pairs Ticks, bed Towels Table cloths Trousers Vests Window curtains Hose, pairs Petticoats Drawers (men's) ' ... Male Wards:— A good deal of mending that has been unrecorded, a matter which is now being set right. Tailor-shop:— Bed-ticks Blankets lined Coats Combination suits Flag Jackets, long-sleeved Pillow-ticks Shirts , Trousers Uniforms for attendants Waistcoats Sundry miscellaneous work Shoemaker-shop:— Shoes, pairs Slippers, pairs Harness, pieces Sundry miscellaneous work Carpenter-shop:— Considerable furniture made and repaired of which no record was kept. These records receiving attention for next report. Blacksmith-shop, plumbing-shop and tinsmithy:— Same note applies to these. Made. 47 21 8 2 41 6 27 15 3 24 87 7 24 158 334 15 197 2 234 8 28 40 3 44 16 5 35 26 39 42 90 Repaired. 58 369 500 46 146 351 186 249 2,153 759 3 10 17 132 213 378 574 1,094 27 77 4 1 20 2 350 36 180 181 5 2 Ed. 7 Report on the Public Hospital for the Insane. 505 Table No. 24. Showing the quantity of fruit preserved by the Matron during the year. Blackberries 6 quarts. Cherries 9 Crabapples 4 Currants 43 Gooseberries 25 Peaches 10 Pears 11 Plums 53 Raspberries 44 Rhubarb 19 Strawberries 61 Tomatoes, pickled 59 Tomato catsup 4 VICTORIA, B. C.: Printed by Richard Wolfenden, Printer to the King 1902. I Most Excellent Majesty. """@en ; edm:hasType "Legislative proceedings"@en ; dcterms:identifier "J110.L5 S7"@en, "1902_05_0459_0505"@en ; edm:isShownAt "10.14288/1.0064163"@en ; dcterms:language "English"@en ; edm:provider "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en ; dcterms:publisher "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en ; dcterms:rights "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:source "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:title "ANNUAL REPORT ON THE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, NEW WESTMINSTER, FOR THE YEAR 1901."@en ; dcterms:type "Text"@en ; dcterms:description ""@en .