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BRITI^mUMBIA FEDERATIONIST rNDl)S^RIAI_ UJ&TY: STRENGTH OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE FEDERATED LABOR PARTY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA PUBLISHED IN INTERESTS OF ALL WOBKEBS POLITICAL UNITY: VICTOBt SEVENTEENTH YEAR. ;NP..1,7 Must Realize the Economic Interdependence Existing Between Them. SAME PBOBLEMS TO SOLVE • Should Find Common Ground for United Front on Political Field. [By John L. Martin] IN THB broadest sense of the terms U must naturally be taken Hor granted that to know people, one must know the conditions under which they live. The Ignoring of this fundamental has created most of the misunderstanding existing in human society. This is exemplified particularly, in tho relations of the city and farm workers, and the mutual attitude takon to each other. The man who tills the soil ls ignorant of the conditions met from day to day by the industrial workeri. of the city, and the industrial worker is equally unacquainted with those of tho agriculturist. This is very m uch impressed on us in tho pamphlet recently written by Qeorge _\ Sterling, and published by the Fedorated Labor party, entitled: "Mind Your Own Business". While the subtitle is "A Suggestion to Tired Farmers." There is much contained therein that might be read with Interest by the Industrial worker. "Mind your own business" is a pertinent expression applicable to all members of the working class. The farmer ig engaged ln the farming business for the purpose of making, or trying to make, a living just as we are engaged In other callings in the cit:*. It is true, he may not have to answer "his master's voice," in the form of a factory whistle, but he hears the call to work nevertheless. He may not have a job rosembling the samo variety as that of tho city worker, but It anyone ever has the ex> porienco of extracting some stumps on a "stump ranch" he rather speedily roaltzes that tho city worker is not the only one who has a job. He may not be called periodically to the paymaster's office for what is known as his "wages," but what he does get amounts to the same thing—food, clothing, and shelter.- Ttteya're both robbed at the point of production. The farmor is often regarded as a capitalist though ho is no more a capitalist because he happens to own the land that he works than the car ponter who owns the tools with which ho works. He may not be employed for a pittance on relief work, such as tho unemployed of the city, but he is nevertheless kept fairly close to the "bread line". It is rather pathetic sometimes to note tbo ignorance of both these sections of the working class in regard to each other's conditions. The farmer will come into town occaslonaly anil will notlco the number of Idle men standing on the curbs, nnd wonder how thoy all live. The city workers on the other hand, when visiting the country sees the farmer struggling to ' convert a jungle Into a farm, wonders bow he is able to live. Neither, as ll happens, are living in the actual sense of the term, but aro merely existing, and existing for the ono and only function—producing profits for the class that exploits thein both. We are ho busy looking after the business of our masters, that we have Uttle time toft to devote to our own busl ness. Hence tbe poignancy of the pamphlet's title "Mind Your Own Business," Tho city worker Is repeatedly told lo get away from the crowded city and sottle on the land. After having beon Inveigled In the city to satisfy the demands of the labor market, they are told to got out on tlie land. Pictures of tho "Garden of Eden" are drawn fur the workers submerged in tho crowded centers of the older lands. Thoy nro told that lf they will only migrate to tbo newer lands, their future happiness and prosperity will ho assured. The Immigrant ships have boon crowded with such dreamers, "Go to Canada, young man," they aro told. After landing at the eastern provinces of this dominion, tbey aro told to "go west' only to be further admonished thnt they must go further wost until thoy reach the •inst great west." Then to pile the advice on a little thicker, after standing for hours in Hues at the employment bureaus of the western cities, they are urged lo go back to the prairie. Thus we keep on "chasing tho rainbow." whero the "west" exist Ing aftor tho "last great west" will bo locatod, no one knows, but we can rest assured that those who havo como to this country to "settle," will bo restless for quite a long time be fore thoy reach that happy condition With tho city workei unable to sell his labor, and tho farmer unablo to soil tho product of his labor; with the city workor faced with unomploymont together with the consequent starvn- ' tlon, and the farm worker fnced w.'th overemployment and poverty thrown In with It, the prospects of (hose who have hailed to this "land of groat op portunlty" evor realizing their dreams will bo more and more romoto Then If thoso conditions nro to continue or what ls more likely, go from (Continued on Page 8) ^OUR PfcGES ii-;t$_ v VANCOUVER, B. C, FRIDAY MORNING. APRIL 24,1925 5c A COPY __tim__'k- x "% > Do#$s at Ottawa rpHE debate in the te\\*f-'-house on the question of unemployment was, as pointed out last week, a splendid opportunity for members to air thoir pet theories as to what Is going to bring about the millenium that is, Canadian prosperity. It would be far easier to draw a diagram to point out just how our paternal government goes about its business than It ls to try to describe their antics. Herring-bone pattern, such as always adorned tho edges of our grandmothers' cuffs and collars, would show clearly how the government falls to keep to the business on hand. The unfortunate members' who draw up resolutions on unemployment have the most difficult job in the world to koep the members' thoughts within a respectable radius of the subject. As a matter of fact, this debate which vitally concerns the welfare of thousands of people here in Canada and thousands of prospective immigrants was treated as mere' a preliminary to the budget del .te. The members wero fairly achl g to get at each other's throats about the question of tariffs. Tariffs or free trade may have an Indirect bearing on the question; but In themselves it is obvious that they are not the fundamental cause of so much unhapplness on the part of thousands of immigrants. For free trade Britain suffers acutely from unemployment and so do countries like the United States whore tariffs flourish in great abundance. One member had rather a novel remedy to offer: He considered that much of the trouble was due to the fact, that farm life Is not attractive enough (which Is quite true In more than ono respect) and ho sug£ested that city life be made less attractive. He said: "We want to make the conditions moro difficult in the cities; we want to make them less attractive." We wonder if thoy could be any less attractive than thoy are— for the workers. Evidently they can. Maybe the plan would work and maybe it would not. One thing is certain: however much we rob Peter to pay Paul, the master class will be the only ones to benefit. We would therefore, respectfully suggest that the member' In qu'egtlon was talking through his hat, and remind him of a saying of Blatchford:' "That when the white people are driven to a Chinese standard of living, the Chinese will be forced to eat grass." The world lH not as far from that predicament as many people think. It is a comparatively easy matter for those who nre not members of the federal house to realize just where the shoe pinches. Tho government Is responsible for the immigration muddle and those who control the government, that is, lhe railroads and steamship overlords. Tho government pretends to exercise some supervision in regards to its immigrants; It pretends to import mostly those engaged In agriculture. But it does nothing of thc kind. In the years 1921 to 1923, from Great Britain alone, there wero brought out about fifty six thousand men—of these only eighteen thousand were agriculturists; the remaining thirty- eight thousnnd were mechanics, transport workers, professionals, skilled workmen or commercial workers. Canada may need immigrants, but not from these latter classes. And as far as agriculture Is concerned, judging from the numbers who leave Canada for the States, or who abandon farm life for the cllles, it would seem as though she requires an entirely different type of prospective farmer—something in the supermnn line; or, better still, immigrants from certain parts of the world where conditions are remarkably poor and the standnrd of living incredibly low.— poople who will not be so unreason- FARMER-LABOR PARTY Former Senator Magnus Johnson Elected President of the Minnesota Association. St. Paul, Minn.—liecently the farmer-labor party of Minnesota changed Its name to farmer-labor association. Former Senator Mnngus Johnson was elected president of the association. Louis Knstrom, stato representative, was chosen vico-presldent. A state committee comprising two members from each congressional district was created, as was also an executive committeo which Includes Floyd B. Olson, candidate for govornnr In the last campaign. Communists wero refused membership as sueh. Farmer nnd labor delegates were prosent from all parts of tho stato. It was decidod to inaugurate a vigorous enmpaign for membership preparatory to the 1920 election Membership duos were fixed at $3 per year. A new constitution was adopted which declares thut "no person or organization advocating political or economic change by means of force or hy means of revolution, nor advocating nny othor than a representative form of government shall be admitted to membership. 'able as to form wheat pools or any sort of pools and who will be content with any price per bushel that may be offered by the exchange barons. Jt looks as though there is only one remedy for the working class to try (that ls so long as they are so devoted to capitalism and capitalistic forms of government) namely, to spread the gospel of a new immigration policy in those countries from which immigrants are largely drawn Of course a better policy wodd be to send a few more working-class representatives to the federal house nnd force the ^government! t'o alter its present course, and while pwe are waiting for the good effects thereof, to do something for the unfortunate Immigrant, as Mr. Woodsworth suggested in the course of the debate. I do not know when British democracy will awaken from its long slumber, but I am looking forward to the time, and I believe the awakening will be more startling than most people expect.—Arthur Ponsonhy, M.P. Forget nationality; think only of humanity; princes and kings only have diverse interest.-?; the people of all countries are friends.—Hugo. Auto-suggestion: How It Works [By W. J. Yielding] [Continued] AS pointed out so often, the uncun- sclous mind ls a vast storehouse which contains not only a record of the individual's life, but also biological experiences; and this mass of impressions is constantly changing. Moreover, it has absolute control of "the functions, conditions and sensations of the body." It naturally follows, therefore, that an Idea once accepted by the unconscious minds is generally transform.-'d into reality, and though the idea may strike many people as being far-fetched, yet there is abundant evidence to show that mental and physical ills can be brought about,simply through bad auto-suggestion. In other words, "the Imagination, is a. ^emjarkably ef r ficient vehicle for travelling either in the direction of health or illness." Mr. Fielding has an interesting chapter on "the superstition of heredity," especially as regards mentality. Whfte he states definitely that he does nol underestimate the Important part played by heredity, nor the fact that all our potentialities are products of heredity plus a favorable environment, he points out that erroneous Ideas in regard to the inheritance of "mental taints" have worried many a person into the asylum." The "inherited constitution" In tho newer sense refers specifically lo the Individual's constitutional resistance to various toxins, rather thnn to merely mental instability. The generally accepted fatalism in regard tn heredity, lie points out, is more often than not a cloak to hide Ignorance and stifle Initiative In tlie investigation of causes. Before proceeding to his chapters on auto-suggestion, the author points out that It is Impossible to understand human life from a "sane, rational conceding the oneness of body and mind." Hence the follishness of the constructive point of view, without past tendency to study mind and body as separate entitles, But while, mind and body are one, It must be noted that the mind is thc dominant factor and it dominates eilher for good or ill. Our body is governed by lt, and the ideas at work in tho unconscious mind determine our health, happiness and prosperity. Mr. Fielding gives some advico In regard to autosuggestion for physical health. He says: "The less attention we give to the functions of any organ tbe belter foi* the body ns a whole." In other words, he makes it clear lhat fear and worry can bring about definite physloligical ailments; by warding off, or eliminating fatigue and depresson, wo can help to banish disease. Fatigue, he points out, is largoly a matter of imagination; exhaustion is rarely known, and Is the result of an accumulation of toxins in the organism. Physical and mental health can, therefore, he obtained and maintained (provided the subject is leading a normal, healthy life) by believing in one's powers, by literally suggesting good mental physical health, by encouraging the imagination along optimistic lines, by avoiding negative Ideas, by constructive thought. After the subject has been benefited by applying the principles of eon- scions auto-suggestion, ami with the increasing self-mastery that Invariably follows un Insight Into Ihe processes of the unconscious mind, there comes Intf) evidence the desire and capacity for greator self-expression and much newly-rolensed energy available. Energy has to express Itself. Interests should ho enlarged to accomodate the compelling urge; there mnst. In overy Individual, bo some "inner uNhes," urges and promptings which have some preferences In their desire for expression, and in (he particular Held thnt attracts thehi, thoy will work tirelessly toward the goal of ambition, frr-* Two High-Spirited South American Republics Were on the Verge of War. CHILE AND ARGENTINE What These Two Countries Did the Whole World Can Do Through Arbitration. [Scanlon Press] IN 1900, two high-spirited South American republics were on the verge of war over an old dispute about boundary lines. They were spending vast sums of money in preparation-for war. The controversy, Involving eighty thousand square miles between Chile and the Argen- tine Republic, was growing serious, when tho British ministers suggested arbitration. This effort to prevent war was supported by two bishops of tho two hostile countries. The Argentine bishop on a lovely Easter Sunday made a wonderful appeal for peace, and proposed that some day a collos- sal peace statue be placed on the Andean border between the two nations, where it could be seen by cornel's and goers, and prevent, if possible, any further hatred between the two republics. Both bjshops traveled through their countries, talking to crowds ot men In the towns and villages. Petitions were sent to the legislatures, and through theso the executives were reached. The reBult was that a treaty was entered into by the two governments submitted the quarrel to the arbitration of the king of England. The case was entrusted to expert geographers, who examined it carefully, and submitted their decision, awarding one part of the disputed territory to one of the republics and a part to the other. Both accepted the decision cheerfully. On a special holiday amidst the greatest flare of colors and hurrahs the opposing armies advanced toward each other. As they came close to each other the guns were stacked together, and the men clasped hands across the guns, a loud shout of joy and of "pcac* on earth good will to men," arose to heaven. Chile and Argentine were welded in friendship. Much pleased with tlie''outcome of the arbitration, the two governments signed a treaty, pledging themselves to arbitration of all their difficulties for a period of five years. They also agreed to reduce their armies to the size of police forces, and to stop building of battleships. It was the first general arbitration treaty ever concluded. The result of this disarmament— for it is a real disarmament—has been remarkable. With the money saved by the lessening of military and naval expenses, internal improvements have been made. Good roads have been constructed. Chile hns turned an nr- sonal Into a school for manual training. The benefits huve been inestimable. All tbo old bitterness between the Chileans and Argentines has passed away, and tbe most cordial good feeling has taken Its place. On March 13, 1904, the huge peaee statue, commemorating the memor-1 able treaty, was erected in the highest point of the Andes between the two nations. The words inscribed on it should go aroWd the world: "Sooner shall these mountains crumble into dust Umn Argentines and Chileans break the peace to which they have pledged themselves al the feet of this Btnfuo ut Peace. Whnt these two countrios did, the whole world cun do, Their statue is a (sublime prophecy of pence for tbe nations of the earth. Organic Evolution [By Charles Hill-Tout, F. B. S. C.,^ancient auch fossils'were the closer they would approach to the ape type F. R. A. I. etc.] (All Rights Reserved) ARTICLE XXI.—Continued WHEN Darwin, Huxely and the " other Investigators were tracing out the relationships of man and the apes, their knowledge of the latter was largely confined to a few fossil remains und to the several mature living forms; and as a result some of the deductions drawn by them led to the dissemination of views which are no longer tenable ln the light of our present-day knowledge. Till recent years little or nothing was known of the foetal phases of anthropoid life, or of the distinctive characters exhibited by the young of the apes; and more especially the deep significance of these characters in the light of the biogenetic law, to which reference has been repeatedly made in these articles and whose importance in inquiries of this kind cannot be over estimated. The lack of this knowledge led to thc placing of an undue emphasis upon the simian aspects of fossil man and too little upon the humanoid, especially in respect of his cranial characters. It was too hastily, though very naturally, assumed that the more MEANDERINGS Though science, finance, and the press at present seem to doubt it, there is, slill, more money to he made out of Ihe salvation ol' mankind than out of the Ms destruction.—.John Galsworthy. Receiving n new truth ti nddlng n new sense.—Llobig. a-a-a .-■ ..•»..• -t •••»*.«..« .*■ •■•#■■••■ t-1 •• • ■• •■ ■»•.•■.•.■».■•■•*»..» "MIND YOUR OWN BUSINESS^ A SUGGESTION TO TIRED FARMERS THOSE Individuals, or groups, wish1 r to get pamphlets which nave just rocently bcen printed aro urged to send ln their orders at once. Thero are only n limited number printed, They aro tho following: WOMAN* AM) WAU By Mrs, Bose Henderson 10 cents. MIND YOUll OWN BUSINESS By George P; Stirling C cents. These pamphlets aro well written. They contain a wealth of Information, and aro, to soy tho very least, thought-provoking. Semi In Your Order* at Once You Cannot Afford To llo Without Them ^fa-a-a-a-'a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a . i» •-(..•"■..».. t- <*--»•■• < [By Our Peripatetic Pagan] AFFAIRS improving in Britain? Well, there were on February 9, unemployed recorded as numbering 1,243,000, an Increase of 54,327 on the number at the same time last year. With this appalling figure in mind remember that when David Kirkwood referred to as "one of the wild men from the Clyde," and others, made protest about the supplementary grant for the Princo of Wales' expenses, the "Wild one" ls suspended. So! * * * Take all news of dastardly outrages by the Communists, especially In Roumania and surrounding countries, that is coming through, with a big grain of salt, and wait till we get some true nows (jt what is happening. . Outrages ljave,.,a.. .sinisUu: suggestion of put-up dobs engineered iu order to have tho excuse for wholesale butchering and imprisonment of perfectly innocent people, Reactionaries are all too activo all over just now, and the press—our Canadian nu bad as any—support tho powers that be. and surely they know as well as wo do, that the accounts published are distorted. Respects to the Riff tribesmen as well to the Arabs of Palestine. When will the white mnn realize the rod pickling for his own back by the treatment meted out to our black brothers? The natives in India, the Zulus In Africa, all over the world the white man is hnving reminders that he hus not played the game. Ue has filched tiie lands, ruthlessly set about to destroy native populations, for what? For tho benefit of commerce, that the capitalist classes may en* slice the colored mun und profit by bis slave-labor. Sole what the Zulu baud bills read urging the blacks to boycott the Prince of Wales, when he visits Jo1 burgh, because "Hritish Imperialism whoso representatives is about to tour South Africa is largely responsible for your exploitation." of course European agitators are blamed by the authorities for the natives' aetion. It. I:. Hanson of commons, n< of the portfolio department has for lubor, ditch rot in the Ottawa bouse vocates the abolition of labor, i'es! The done so Utile renlly, it: The whole thing grim joko to Imagine that a ln- inlnister would minister for labor i\ capitalistic government, bah! Hitch it and other useless offi ces and officials as well, and let socialists put in proper offices und roliablo responsible functioning holders thereof. German election day on Sundny and may the socialists put In heavy enough poll to upset the monarchist plots hatching agalnsi the people. * * • R, C, Curzon lived, did a loi of mischief, wus made n marquis and died. He did one good thing when he died. He wus the owner of two of ti tost Interesting historical old castles, Tattershnll ensile. Lincolnshire, built about it 10, and Bod lam castle, Sussex. Im Lit about 1380. According to tbe London Dally Mail, lliese he has bequeathed to Ihe Hritish nation, we hope this Is true, and, if, so, thnnks to you EJ. C. C.I Tha fnct is all surh places should bo In ihe hands of tbe nntion. • • * When you get this issue, don't overlook the suggestion mnde in previous Issues—think over and write in your Ideas foi- a labor dully. Il ''mi Tbo race dies constantly, not from old age, bul dies nut from tho dls temper of poverty and consequent crime.—liourdmnn. and the farther they would be removed from the human type. It Is not surprising, therefore, that when Dubois In 1891-2 discovered in Java, in sediments believed to be either late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, the partial remains of a Primate whioh seemed to answer this description, it was very generally regarded aB the type of being primitive man ought to be. For while it exhibited humanoid characters of a transitional type It favored the ape more closely than It did man. So much, Indeed, was this the case that lt was looked upon by some as a gigantic gibbon rather than as a type of primitive man. By others, however, it was hailed as the long-anticipated "missing-link." Dubois named it Pithecanthropus erectus, which means the upright ape-man. But whether we class this creature with the primitive apes or with primitive man there can be no doubt about its mixed characters. The flat brutish skull, with Its prominent over-hanging eye-brow ridges, strongly suggests the modern chimpanzee or gorilla; but against this its cranial capacity or brain volume is far tn excess of that of any known ape. This has been found to be a little under 900 cubic centimeters. The significance of this measurement will be realized when it is stated that the maximum capacity of the largest of the man-apes ls only a Uttle in excess of 600 c c, while the average of all the great apes runs only about 500 c. c. The range in the brain volume of man, on the other hand, Is between 660 c. c. and 1900 o. c; the standard capacity lying between 13S0, c. c, and 1450 c. c. If wo take the average brain volumes of both man and the higher apes and compare them with that ot the Javan ape-man we perceive that the latter lies fairly midway between tho other two, thus plainly showing its intermediate, relational character. The same mixed characters are seen ln the teeth. They are found to partake about equally of the diagnostic features of both human and anthropoid teeth. From an examlantlon ot Its thighbone we gather further that It belonged to a creature that /walked eVeet hnd'stbofl" about five feet six inches high; and while this posture is suggestive of the gibbon, wo have no knowledge of a gibbon of this height. What kind of a creature, th/ui, was Pithecanthropus? Was he n.an or ape? And if tlio former, does he stand in tho direct line of man's an- ceatry? Does he represent one of the evolutionary phages through wblch man has passed? From the time of his discovery down to 1912 it was comm miy thought Hint he did. This view was further tonfirmed when a little la'.er In 1907 an Immense human jaw was discovered lying at tho base of an undisturbed stratified deposit of clay and sand 80 feet in thickness, at a place culled Mauer near Heidelberg In Germany. This deposit belongs either tu late Pliocene or very early Pleistocene times. About this no doubt at all exists, nor ahout the genuineness of the find. Wo are, therefore, dealing with a fossil of approximately the same ago as the Javan upe-mnn. The two might Indeed, have been contemporaries for aught we know io the contrary, though it Is generally thought the Javan type was the older. The dentition of this mandible removes all doubt about Its belonging to a member of the human family, The diagnostic characters of the tooth make Ibis quito certain. At the same time other features of it show strong simian affinities, the most conspicuous of which Is its upe-like, underhung chin. The absence of a chin (Continued on page 2) CANADIAN DELEGATES WiU Attend British Commonwealth of Nations in London Next July. A conference of representatives of labor in the various count lies con- it ltn ting tho Hritish Common wealth >r Nations Will he held at London. ISngland, In July of this year. Thus will the dream of the British] lnhor party and the general council *f the Hritish Trades Union congress ie rcallzod, Plans for thts conference woro (Irst made following the imperial economic conference in England in 1928, The conference was to have eon- oncd in the full of 1024, but owing M the advent uf labor to offloo In Hrituln li Wftfl indefinitely postponed nnd tho present date was only reeently decided Upon, In vil at ions have been received by ib.- lobor party and Trados nnd Labor congress of Canada. 'Tls the mini] that mnke- (ho bOdy rich; nnd ns tlie sun break.1- through the darkest eloinls, so bono- porroth in ibe meanest habit, -Shakespeare, No mnn can he wise on nn empty stomach,—'George Bitot. PRAIRIE SLUM LIFE Fully 80 Fer Oent. of Fanners Living in Unenviable Oonditions. THEIR HEADS ROOFLESS Men and Women Who Give tht Necessities of Life Receive % Only Crumbs. [By Frances Wills] PACTS and figures as usually presented ln cold print do not give one a real idea of what life really means to those who produce the necessities of life. Or, perhaps, it would be more correct to Bay that lately we have been having the farmer's point of view, but little has been said about what his wife and family thinks. , One cannot generalize about life in the agricultural areas. Canada is too vast an area for that, but from a personal observation of districts that are considered average, it would seem that farm-life Is not a bed at roses by any means. We often talk of the slum-life of the industrial areas, but how many people realize that the slum life of our rural district is a blot on our civilization? There is the same miserable overcrowding though one's neighbor be many miles away; but lumber ls expensive and labor is so. There Is the same under-nourlsh- men; there Is the same soul-sickening sordldness; and there ls less attention given to public health—very little attention In fact. Thts Is not true of all farm life; Indeed, there are Instances of quite surprising prosperity, but lf all the statistics that are thrown about eo light-heartedly In parliament ara true, tho reverse is more often than not the case. From what 1 have soen, I would say that fully 80 per cent, of the farmers are living in unenviable conditions. I have, no doubt, some observers would rate It mueh higher, and other very much lower—for, after all, it alt depends on how. one differentiates between mere existence and real living. However, putting aside all question of the "frills" and luxuries of our twenthlth century .civilization, there ure many farmers • who havo not a decent roof over their heads; and, when the mild vagaries of Canadian weather are taken Into consideration, It will be realized what life on the farm means, Lurge families are the rule, rather than the exception; hence the overcrowding. It would be interesting to learn, If such figures were available, the percentage of Infant mortality. The little ones seem to surflfe, not because of society's care for the children, but rnther in spito of It. As for the school children, thoy may study the hygiene syllabus from cover to cover, and yet still retain the various defects common to childhood, and which could be so easily remedied. They even may catch a glimpse of a school nurse once in a while; she puts them in the way of a remedy hy telling them whut Is the matter with their teeth or their eyes, but the other part of the remedy is hard to como by. Medical attention is a luxury. Mosi people think of the farm as the meeting place of fresh milk, cream, eggs, butter and meal. So It is for other people. In other words, while living on the farm may he moro healthy In that there is loss tolnpla- tion lo buy wasteful and adulterated food, it is not a luxurious living in thn majority of cases. The farmer ships his cream, his eggs und his poultry, and often his vegetables, and feeds his family en skimmed milk; and the Inevitable porridge nnd bread ami potatoes, minus such luxuries as butter. Again, It ni iiM he pointed out that Ihis is not the case on every farm, nevertheless such conditions do prevail. Is it nny wonder In view of lhe targe allowances that hnve to mado for such natural enemies as drought, windstorms, sueh details as floods and Insect-pests and hull (und thero seems to be Insurance for only th? latter visitation) and mnn-miide enemies In the shape of the railways, stock-exchanges, to say nothing of all the other human parasites who live on the toil of ibe runner'.' Thus if will be seen that those men and women who give us the neees- clties and some of tlie luxuries of lire keep for themselves. Just the crumbs. No wonder Ihey are often so eager to exchange the Lenten existence or the farm for the Lenten existence of the elly where lifo Is, humanly speaking, so much more attractive, They are itdt all gifted with the happy faculty of making the best of things; tbelr educatlnn has l u as Inadequate as the education tbelr town brethren receive; but they have less chnnce of finding bobbies and Intorests, and thoy cannot all live on fresh air and scenery. As for the children of the prairies, they aro exploited ns much as the children elsewhere Tbe children of the workers, that is. No one would suggest lhat this is because workers' children are loss denr to their parents than other children. It Is simply the force of circumstances that necessitates child labor. Many a boy and girl has In leavo s'diool tempore (Continued on Page 4) Page Two SEVENTEENTH YEAR. No. 17 BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST VANCOUVER, B. C. FRIDAY April _«, 1925 British Columbia Federationist Published every Friday by The British Columbia Federationist Business and Editorial Offico, 1129 Howo St, Tho policy of Tho B. C. Foderationist is controlled by the editorial bonrd of tlio Federated Labor Party of British Columbia. Subscription Hate: United Stntes and Foreign, $3.00 per year; Cnnndn, $2.50 por year, $1.50 for six months; to UnionB subscribing in a body, lfic per momber per month. Tho Fcderniionist is on sale at tho following ni'ws stands; VAHOOUVEB E. J. GALLOWAY BIO Granville Street KELSON'S NEWS STAND 1071 Oranvillo Street V. O. NEWS STAND 326 GranvUle Street JOHN GREEN 206 Carrall Streot INTERNATIONAL BOOK STORE Oor. Hastings and Columbia Avenue B.O.E.B. TBAM NEWS Cor. Oarrall and Hastings Streets LOVE'S NEWS STAND 134 Hastings Street East WALTEB GALLOWAY 136 Hastings Street East FLACK BLOOK NEWS STAND. 163 Hastings Street Weat NEWS STAND Oor. Hastings and Abbott Streeta W. H. ABMSTBONG 2402 Main Street BEN TOON'S BOOK SHOP....421 Granville BOULT'S BOOK STORE....313'/2 Cambie St. GEORGIA CONFECTIONERY 909 Georgia Street WeBt STRAND CONFEOTIONEBY 648 Georgia Street FBOOHNATJ & GATES....169 Broadway East P. TURNER 916 Main Street B. A. WEBSTER 6993 Frasor Street NORTH VANOOUVER SHOEMAKER ft MCLEAN....6 Lonsdale Ave. NEW WESTMINSTEB A. MUNGEAM 764 Columbia Street DEPOT NEWS STAND .Interurban Depot DAN MACKENZIE Columbia Street VICTORIA GREENHAUGH NEWS AGENCY. Cor. Yates and Government flORSE SHOE STAND, 1223 Government St. W. LEVY 644 Yates Street NANAIMO T. A. BARNARD 63 Commercial Street PORT ALBERNI W. H. DENHAM .News Stand PRINOE GEORGE KARL ANDERSON. .Nows Stand VERNON EUGENE BELLEVUE Box 922 ALBERTA VALLEY CONFECTIONERY Drumheller ALEXANDER NEWS STAND 204 Eighth Ave. W., Calgary BOSTON HAT WORKS 109 Eighth Ave. W., Oalgary LABOB NEWS ...808 Centre Street, Calgary NATIONAL NEWS 304 First Street W., Oalgary STAB SMOKE SHOP ...125a Eighth Ave. E., Calgary UNION CIGAR STAND. 310 Second Ave. E., Calgary SASKATCHEWAN LAYCOCK STORES LTD Swift Current SEATTLE, WASH. ECKHA1JT NEWS STORE Seattle FRIDAY April 24, 1925 EXPLOITING IMMIGRANTS WE noto la tbe daily press tbat arrangements have been made by a firm from Portland, Ore., to assist some fifty German families lo settle on some property at Edgewalcr, B. C. We are told that all these prospective settlers have been specially selected. Tbey may have been, but tbe reason for wblch tbey were selected would not be wbat they would have us believe—that of physical fttnesss and special training in the art of fruit growing—but rnther becauso tbey hud some ready cash, which this company waa anxious to make direct connection with. And, too, some Russian families ar being escorted by the colonization department of the C. P. R. to what, no doubt, tbey tiro boing led to believe, Is a veritable garden of Eden. They will receive a rude awakening alter they bave arrived and had tlieir try, No doubt thoy will be willing to II or rather, we should say exist, upon a much lower standard than oui' own people, but even at that, they will have an experience that Ihey will not relish. They, like , many others lie foro tliem, will be forced to let every thing go eventually, for tbey will be saddled with a burden that tbey are not very likely to over tree themselves ot. They will grow disheartened and move elsewhere in a vain search for a decent livelihood, while others, through the medium of such organizations as the one these unfor tunales were enticed Into our land with, wilt lake their places. And so tho merry game will go on—until we awaken from our lethargy and Oe mand justice—for others, ns well a*, ourselves. In the past we have been altogether too prone to accept our ideas regarding theso matters ready made by our more or less incompetent statesmen. It might be interesting to have the British empire united by wireless, but, we feel certain, it would be more Interesting, and more to the point, when wo have tho peoples of the world united, through this medium, In friendly intercommunication. If lt could only be! Alas, however, we fear that, as usual, large corporations will have control of all these powerful stations and all communications that pass over it will be censored, as usual, by them. They will allow to pass only those messages and those news items us they might think will serve thoir purposo. They will have thcir own news censor as usual. Not until the people themselves own and control all these various mediums for the distribution of news, need wo expect any great benefit from sucb Inventions as wireless, or at least beforo we need expect to gain ail tho real benefit that could be obtained therefrom. FORCED TO LEAVE AS THE result of the industrial tie- up many of the citizens of Glace Bay aro being forced to leavo th*1 country and go to the United Statos. Their means of earning their livelihood having been taken from them; they havo no other course than to leave this fair country and go somewhere elso In search of tlu'.t elusive job. We hear It said so often, what a wondeiiul country Canada is; what ivondfrful natural resources she haf within her borders; wha. wonderfu1 potential possibilities Ll_o*e arc in thi dominion of ours. Then wn set where these stalwart citizens are forced t< go io another country in earn their natural right, thc right to live. Certainly they are not running out of coal down in Nova Scotia as yet! The miners are anxious to work—of course though tbey naturally want to be able to live decently on wbat thoy aro to receiv'!. In return for their services. This they have not been able to do for some time. Naturally they are discontented. How could they be otherwise ? When they sec the natural resources of their country being utilized only for tbe purpses of making profits for their masters, and that no regard Is given them, they naturally begin to wonder for whom the Lord intended these natural resources, whether for the good of the Besco pooplo or for the citizens of Canada as a whole. Just another In stance of where the profits of the few shareholders in tho Besco con- corn *.'.mes In for flrst consideration, rathor than the needs of the people. So long as such a condition of society Is allowed to remain, where lho interests or profits of tho few supercede tho rights of the poople as a whole, we may rest assured that such strifes, as we are now witnessing in Glace Bay, will evor continue with us. Porhaps tho most amazing part of the whole affair down tbere has been the absolute Indifference and callousness, on tbo part of many of our so-culled representatives at Ottawa towards theso unfortunate people. Certainly the people as a whole need expect but little from men of such type in their governing institutions. names for it, such as rent, interest and profit. As soon as the people realizo that what concerns them Is not high tariff or low tariff, not home markets or foreign markets, but the production of food, clothing and shelter, and tbe appropriation of it to their own use, just so soon will tbeir problems bo in a fair way to be solved. Capitalism is no longer an aid to production. Its requirements have now become fetters on the productive process. It must, therefore, be abolished. Not because we do not like it; not because it Is unjust and cruel; not because it Is wasteful and inefficient; not because it makes cowards, thieves and liars out of everyone that conies within its sway, but because it falls to provide for the needs of human society. Unemployment is a product of capitalism. It Is up to tho upholders of that system to solve the problem wliich has arisen out of their own systom, and it Is up to the workers to press them for a solution or to make way for those who can. Organic Evolution (Continued From Pago I.) TIIE BUND WORKERS TO SEE the average normal individual being exploited, as thsy are boing today, is hard enough, but to see blind men, who, owing to the nature of their affliction, are more or less dependent and helpless, being; exploited, as we believe the blind broom workers aro being exploited in this city at the present time, should be more than the average Intelligent person should stand. From March to October the blind broom makers are being given but four days' work each week, During these four days they must make sufficient brooms to net them in return for such labor an amount of money sufficient to enable themselves and their wives and families to live. If they cannot, they starve. The feverish haste that such work entails tends to break down their health, as all blind workers know full well. Many a broom maker, evon here in "Vancouver, has been forced to quit his machine and go to the lunch room to rest, to avoid a breakdown in health. That this is a serious matter might well be believed, for some time ago one of tbe unfortunate blind workers was forced to give up entirely owing to a nervous breakdown which, in all probability, was due to tho strain of his work. Out at our factory in Vancouver men who sort the corn for the brooms are compelled to keep paco with the piece workers. This would seem to bo rubbing it into the time workers a littld hard. The workers hero are blloweji ?12 a woek, whereas fn Seattle they are allowed $13.50 to start with, and, what Is more, most of the time workers in the factory hero havo been working there for some two or three yoars. It does seem as though thc only legitimate form of settlement for the government to make regarding theso unfortunate men is to see that they ire given a reasonable pension. It would appear as though such a manner of dealing with thc men would be much cheaper for tbo taxpayer, as well ns being much more satisfactory for tbo men themselves. WIRELESS UNDOUBTEDLY, the most wondc ful of all modern inventions, tbe Wireless is going to play a wonderful part In our International relationships, Our governments have forseen the day whon the wireless telephone might be used to their detriment, and .they have tnken tho precaution to seo thnt every one who owns a re oelver has a permit, so that, In time of war, they can go and take such an Instrument from the.se Individuals, thus they will not be Informed of their enemies version of thc cause of tho conflict, or of tho atrocities of which our own men might be accused during tho course of the conflict. One of tho main functions of our governments, during wnr time, is to keop the masses of the people in Ignorance of tho true state of affairs. Wireless will, to some extent mako this almost impossible, Tho enemies' version of the causes of tho war will porcolato, to no smalt extent, into our own camps. Thoro, no doubt, 11 will cnuse us to think a little more than wc hove do.ie hitherto regarding who actually was to blame for the war. THE "DOLE" WE SEE by thu presfe that the "dole" is becoming "an urgent question In British politics." This "dole," we believe, is a cash payment made by the state to .people who arc out of work and have no other means of support. The objection raised by the capitalistic class against the "dole" is twofold: First, it is a financial burden on the state, and again they say it demoralizes the person receiving It. Those who receive it object to it because it is not largo enough. The unemployed In Great Britain at the presont time, nccording to our latest Information, Is 1,IOC,300. These are the people who receive the "dole," at least the "dole" which is giving so much concern to tho statesmen of that country. However, to say that the "dole" Is demoralizing and sapping thc morale of the workers of Great Britain does not solve the problem, It seems to us that tho question might be approached in this way: Who receives the "dole?" The unemployed. Why are they unemployed? Because there is no work for thom to do, But why nre they not put to work to produco the things that thev need and must buy with tbe money tbey receivo ap unemployed Insurance? Tbo workers wlille employed produce more than thoy aro able to buy back with the wages they receive, and if this sur plus cannot be disposed of in a for elgn markot It becomes a glut on (he home market, and thus tho workers suffer, not becauso of a lack of tho thiugs that Ihey noed, but because the things that they need nre there in larger quantities thnn thoy can buy. By following this line of reasoning we soon como to tho conclusion that the production of thc things necessary to sustain human life nro pro duced, not because thoro fs a need for tbem, but because someone can make a prorit out of the transaction; that Is, get something for nothing. In other words, a "dole," but thoy do not call it a "dole"; they have other 9909 >«1£L__1_0_ 9 <>999l 9 9 QpSTIONflflX -J9?99 [Note—As many enquiries reach this oflico from time to time, the editor will reserve space to deal with such matters, under the above heading. Communications addressed to "Notes and Queries Editor" will be handled as quickly as space permits. Ed.] WALTER L.: That's what this column is for. (a) Yes. (b) You see The Fed has been printed In its present form many years, our subscribers and tho public are used to It as it Is, but I agree with you the "New Leader" and "Forward" are a bandy form for a weekly. j. MASON: Ireland is passing through a stage of depression and pessimism. Self-government couldn't be expected to suddenly transform conditions of life I'or thc better. She has however, overcome tho worst of her difficulties and will overcome tbo rest by clear policies, hard work and unity of action. CURTIS L.: Mussolini's power Is probably on the wane, but be may still make a Iot of trouble for the workers of Italy beforc he Is unseated from his dictatorship. The attitude of the Italian people is inexplicable, NORTHERN FARMER: Very glad to have your communication. You and your neighbors are on the right truck—from every angle of viows your Interests are Indontical with the socialist platform, Send us some matter for publication and express your views fully and ns strongly as you like. .T. B.! Malcolm MacDonald thinks three years may see something doing. The Federatlonist Is out to hell tho workers. There Is no nobler work. Join us In the flght. Get your friends to subscribe in the human sense of the word Is a marked feature in tbe mandibles of apes and monkeys and early man, and is one of tbe many features which point to their kinship. As far, then, as wo may judge from this jaw, Heidelberg man seems to display the same transitional characters as those seen in Pithecanthropus; but as the teeth are more distinctly human in type than aro those of the latter, he has been generally considered as representing a later phase in man's evolution. Another and subsequent phase was thought to bo seen in the type now generally known as "Neanderthal man". Our flrst knowledge of this remarkably pithecoid race -of mon actually antedates that of tho other two, It came from the discovery of two unique skulls both of which showed strikingly ape-like characters. The flrst was found at Gihralter in 1848 and is now known as'tho "Gihralter skull". The second was unearthed In a cave with some other, bones in the Neanderthal in Germany j in I860, and from this circumstance1 later gave the name "Neanderthal" to the type. But as the earliest traces of Neanderthal man came to light In the days before the antiquity of man had been established, or his relation to the apes hardly as much as suspected, tho pithecoid characters seen in these skulls were generally thought to be due to disease or degeneration, and they aroused little interest outside a limited circle of scientific men. Huxley was one of these, and when shown a cast of the Neanderthal skull remarked that it was the most ape-like he had ever beheld. When • compared with the Bkull of Pithecanthropus it is seen to have the same low crown and retreating forehead, and also the samo protruding eye-brow ridges, hut its cranial capacity is much greater and shows it to be distinctly within the human class, as does also that of the Gibraltar skull which exhibits much thc same simian feaitfrPE, Tlio discovery of Pithecanthropus and Heidelberg man recalled theso two skulls to memory, and when, later, ih 1907 and the four succeeding years, a number of other specimens of this type of skull came to light in different parts of Western Europe,, it was no longer possible to resist the conclusion that a race of men of the type of tho Neanderthal man had formerly existed in that region. A third type of primitive man was thus established, and it also was regarded as standing in the direct line of modern man's ancestry though much closer to him than the other two. The age of Neanderthal man falls within the culture poriod known as the .Mousterian, and dates back only about 40 or 50 thousand years ago. A long interval is thus seen to divide Neanderthal man from Heidelberg man and Pithecanthropus. What of the Palaeolithic men of this period? Do wc know of any, and If so, what were thoy like? Prior to 1912 it was generally thought there was no evidence of their existence. As a matter of fact we were then actually In possession of tho remains of a pre-Mousterian race, though thoy were not recognized as such or regarded as antedating Neanderthal man; because in their general, and especially In their cranial characters they showed a groat advance over him and resembled so much more closely the modern type of man than ho did. Indeed save for tho conspicuous thickness of their crania they differ little in appearance from the men of today. Looking, thon, upon Pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg and Neanderthal men, as anthropologists everywhere did, as witnessing to tlie successive evolutionary phases through which Paleolithic man had necessarily to pass before the stage of Homo sapiens could be reached, It did not seem possible to regard this modern-looking type of man ns preceding the more primitive ape-like Neanderthal- ors, notwithstanding that all the geoj, logical evidence relative to their dis covery pointed strongly to their prior Ity, and testified to their greater antiquity; and consequently it was commonly thought that such a type must bo later in time than they. This pre-Mousterian race is known today as tho High-terrace men, be cause thcir remains have boen tnken mainly from the upper or 100-foot terraces of the rivers of Western Europe. These ancient river-bods antedate by many thousands of years the lower 50-foot terraces belonging to the time of Mousterian or Neanderthal man. The valleys of the Thames, Somme, Seine and Arno have all revealed specimens of this race. It Is best exemplified In the Galley Hill, the Clichy and Olmo types, now well known from Keith's critical description of tbem, It was thc announcement in 1912 by Dawson and Smith Woodward of tho discovery at Plltdown in Sussex, a little time beforo, of a now type of Paleolithic man, that led to the recognition of the antiquity of the High-torrace men, and the placing of When a man's conscience Is aroused be thinks of his own misdeeds, and Is disturbed by a sense of his own guilt. Hiram Chaso says most married mon wish they were the "devils" their wives suspect them of being. If my soldiers were to reflect, not one of thom would remain tn the ranks.—Frederick the Great of Prussia. ' them iii their prqper sequence in tho chronological order. The distinctive characters displayed by Plltdown man induced Smith Woodward to look upon him as a new genus and to set him in a class by himself; and ho is now known to science as Eoanthropus or the Dawn-man. We shall see presently that no more appropriate name could have bcen given him; for he undoubtedly represents more truly than any other of tho Palaeolithic types known to us up to the present, the kind of man our earliest human ancestor must have been. The period In which he seemed to havo lived would make him a possible contemporary of Pithecanthropus or Heidelberg man. Like them he would appear to belong to the closo of lhe Pliocene or the beginning of the Pleistocene; and liko them he is intermediate in type; but while moro distinctly human than they in somo of his characters, he is also more markedly simian in others. Thus while his cranium lacks the ape-like appearance of the skull of the Javan fossil, as may bo seem from thc accompanying plate, or of thoso of thc later Neanderthal type, and approximates In Its general contours, and in its smooth and well-formed brow, as well as in its brain volume, to thc more modern typo of bead, its mandiblo is markedly simian, not only in ils lack of chin but also in the very pronounced development of Its canine or eyo-teeth, a feature absent in the Mnuer jaw. These are seen to be ahout the same size as, and have a suggestive resemblance to, the milk or first teeth of the present-day apes. Indeed so disharmonious do thc skull and jaw seem to be that at flrst some doubt arose as to whether the two wei'e really related to each other or not. A more critical examination, however, of both, and the discovery of other diagnostic human remains in the same locality, removed this doubt, and today the two are generally recognized as belonging to one and the same Individual. It. can easily be seen that the discovery of Eoanthropus was a very important and at the same time a very disturbing addition to our knowledge of Palaeolithic man. If he represented the earliest type of primitive man, and there can be little or no doubt on this point; and the modern- looking High-terrace men preceded the ape-like. Neandortbalers, as the geological ovidenco shows tlmt they did; what part, then, had these latter, and thc earlier Heidelberg men and Pithecanthropus played in the physical evolution of man? If Eoanthropus with his more modern type of skull represents man's earlier human ancestors as wc now know ho does, where do they come in and what position do they occupy In our genealogical tree? The presence, so relatively late as the Mousterian period, of so low a typo of mnn aa lho Neanderthal complicates matters greatly. Preceded by thousands of years by a much higher type of man than themselves, and, as we now know, Immediately succeeded by a type as modern and highly-developed as our own, they cannot possibly be regarded any longer as standing In the direct lino of our ancestry, nor as representing one of the physical phases through which al! mankind had to pass, as was earlier thought to be the case. How, then, are they and also Heildcl- berg man and Pithecanthropus now to bo regarded? In whnt relation do they stand lo ourselves? There seems to bo only one answer to these questions: They must now bo looked upon as divergent offshoots from the main human stem, and not ns related to us directly at all. In othor words: When man was In the making, so to speak, more than ono typo of him came into existence. We have mado acquaintance with five of these, and the moro recently discovered Rhodesinn man from South Africa would seem to constitute a sixth. (See accompanying platos). There is nothing strange or incred ible about such an Idea, though it may bo a little novel to some, We know that man's collateral relatives the apes have diverged in just this manner. In the late Miocene an'I Early Pliocene there were many different genera of these alive on the earth; and today thero aro at least four distinct genera in existence with several different species among them, If tho apes, which are so closely related to man, could thus diverge, why not also man himself? Wo can entertain no doubt on this point, or that this ts the true explanation of these diverse types of men the fossil record reveals to us, Accepting, then, this view of ancient mnn, from which of tho six known types may modern man be thought to have descended? Or should we look upon any of them as standing ln the direct line of his ancestry? Our present knowledge does not enable vus to speak with any certainty on this point. Regarding them from the physical point of view or from their resemblance to ourselves, the High-torrace men unquestionably stand nearest to us; and they might vory well bc our direct Palaeolithic ancestors, as they themselves might ho thc descendants of Eoanthropus, But their connection with the races which appear 011 the scenes later are as yet very vague, and they may have- passed away, as the others .seem to have done, without leaving! any direct offspring behind them. The earliest of the known Palaeolithic types that historic evidence shows to be directly linked up with ourselves, is the Cro-Magnon race .hat succeeded and was partly contemporaneous with the Neanderthfilers, whom they would seem to have exterminated, as we find no evidence of their presence after this period. This highly developed and artistic race, wholly modern in type, seems to appear suddenly in Western Europe at the. .close of thc Mousterian period. They are the prehistoric people who painted- those spirited, polychrome pictures of the animals of their times upon the walls and roofB of some of the caves of France nnd Spain, twenty-flve to thirty-five thousand years ago. Thoy aro said to bo the finest race physically that ever lived on this oarth. Certainly, to judge by their skeletal remains, in genera] physique and in brain volume," no race, ancient or modern, has over excellod them. They form a definite link betweon the prehistoric past and the present; for of the three great races that make up the peoples of Europe todny one of them is believed to bo largely composed of their direct descendants. This Is the race known as tho Mediterranean. But although we cannot trace back with any degree of certainty at present, our relation to Palaeolithic man beyond the Aurignaclan or Cro-Magnon period, it must bo admitted that our survey of those early types of mon has brought out very clearly tho relations which sclenco claims exist between them and the higher apes. Unless this relationship be granted there Is no reasonable explanation for tho strange Simian characters manifested by the earliest types of them. If man aud the anthropoid apes are not descended from a common ancestor why, then, it-may fairly be asked, do these early types of man exhibit so many markedly ape-like features? Why is it so difficult to determine whether some of them should be classed among tho Homint- dtxe or among the Stinifdae? Our highest authorities arc In doubt to this day whether Pithecanthropus of Java should be regarded as an ape, which had followed more closely the lines of human evolution than some of his fellow.*, or as a primitive man who had followed rather closely the lines of specialization taken by the apes, so indeterminate, so intermediate and so mixed are tho physical characters it displays. No one can view Pithecanthropus and Eoanthropus—not to mention tiie other primitive types—with opon mind and doubt man's relation to tho apes. Accepting, then, this relation as too obvious, in tho light of tbo facts which support It, to be denied, there remains now only to ask: Can we learn what the ancestor common to man and tho higher npes was like? And is the statement made earlier In tliis article in accordance with the evidence wc havo been able to gather? Namely: that num is less specialized than the apes and must, therefore, follow more closely than they do, in liis general cranial characters at least, the original typo from which both have come? A brief study of tbe accompanying plates will readily assure us that this Is so. And if wo had earlier remembered the significance of tho biogenetic or recapitulative law formulated by von Baer years ago, no doubt would have bcen entertained'concerning the relationship of tho Piltdown mandiblo lo the Plltdown skull; or that such modern-looking types as tho High-terrace men could have preceded tho low-browed chimpanzee- liko Ncanderthalors. Instead of looking to tho mature apes of today for tho original type of Palaeolithic man wo should havo taken the skulls of their young into more serious consideration; for under lho biogenetic law these must be closer to the ancestral type than are those of tho more specialized mature forms. As was shown by the embryo ologlcal evidence In the Inst chapter, and as tho photographs bore show, these in their cranial contours and general characters are much closer to the human than to tho ape type; and Help Those Who Help You AUR advertisers are supporting the Federationist, and ^ they expect returns, They are in business, and natur- ally-expect to see results from their advertising. By patronizing our advertisers, the readers are at the same time assisting the Federationist. Ts it too much to ask that those who evidently seek your patronage, and are willing to pay for it by advertising, should receive your attention? Vou should be able to judge. 1 •••■■• §■••••••■•■ >* ••■»■ .ft-ft-f Wonderful Window Displays at "Famous" OUR CUSTOMERS toll lis we liavo Iho most* attractive windows in tho city. AhnoKt every day we'ro showing something new—tho Intent in Ensembles —now Sports Wear—tho most recent dross creations—ami our prices nro ko low ns lo cause amazement if you aro not In tho habit of shopping nt th.' "Famous." Watch our windows—evory time you're passing. Famous _vt-^*ua. 619-623 Haatinga Street West DEAFNESS NOISES IN THE HEAD AND NASAL OATAEEH Can Be Relieved The new Continental Remedy ealled "LARMAIiENE" (Kegel.) Is a simple, harmless homo treatment, which absolutely relieves deafness,' noises in the head, etc. No expansive appliances needed for this new Ointment, Instantly operates upon tho affected parts with completo arid permanent success. Scores of wonder* ful cases reported. RELIABLE TESTIMONY Mrs. _, Crowo, of Whltohorse Road, Croydon, writes: "I am pleased to tell you that tho small tin of ointment you sont to mo at Ventnor has proved a completo success, my hearing In now quito normal and the horrible li.iul noises havo ceased. Tlio action of this now remedy must bo vory remarkable, for I havo boon troubled wtth thoso complaints for nearly 10 years and havo had somo of tlio very best medical advice, together with othor expensive ear instruments, all '.0 no purpose. I neod hardly say how very grateful I am, for my lifo has undergone an ontire change." Try one box today, wldch can be forwarded to any 'address on receipt of monoy order for $1.00, Thore la nothing better at any price. Address ord.irs to Manager "LABMALENE" Oo., Deal, Kent, England. to tho Plltdown typo than' to the Javan type. We are Justified, then, by this evidence in assuming that Eoanthropus represents more closely than does Pithecanthropus the earliest type of man. And that the biogenetic law holds good here, and that the young ape and the Piltdown type represent most closely the ancient ancestral type of the highor Primates, as the writer has of late years maintained, tho very recent discovery of the Taungs skull in Bechuanaland in South. Africa most clearly demonstrates, photographs of which are here given In order that tho reader may judge for himself. This fossil has been named Australopithecus by Its discoverer, Dr. Dart, and has aroused much Interest in anthropological and paltcontological circles, on account of its man-like appearance nnd its apparent extreme antiquity. It is estimated to belong to an nge as far removed from that of Eoanthropus as his ago Is from ours, We are thus carried back a long way Into the Tertiary, and may see in Australopithecus ono of the earliest distinct man-ape types. From its dimensions and from Its general appearance it Is easy to gather that it Is the skull of an inmatuie form, ln its general contours and characters it ls not greatly unlike that of Eoanthropus, except that It is much smaller and its brain volume much less, being about fiOO c.c. only, lt also seems to bear a fairly close resemblance lo the skulls of the young apes of today. Tills is what we should expect under the biogenetic law. And while it distinctly favors the ape In its goneral characters, and particularly in its prognathism, it Is not greatly unlike skulls of some of the backward races of today; there Is a distinct suggestion of tho human about It as Its discoverer has pointed out. In concluding, then, this brief survey of Palffiollthlc man, ft may fairly ue claimed, we think, that (ho evidence of man's physical evolution adduced In this chapter loads Irresistably to the conclusion that man and the higher apes are closely related, and also lhat tho former is much less specialized than the latter and retains moro closely than they do, many of tho cranial characters possessed by tho remote ancestor common to tliem both. (To bo continued) God is forgotten in war, and every principle of Christianity ie trodden underfoot.—Sydney Smith. l Phone Seymour 2354 DR. W. J. CURRY DENTIST SUITE 301, DOMINION BUILD-NO VANCOUVER, B. 0. LONG-DISTANCE IS CHEAPEST AT NIGHT MEW night rates arc now in force for longdistance conversations between 8:30 p.m. and 7 a.m. B. 0. Telephone Company Vancouver Turkish Baths Will Cure Tour Rheumatism, Lumbago, Neuritis or Bad Oold Massage a Specialty PACIFIC BUILDING 744 Hastings St. W. Phone Sey. 2070 HAVE you ever bad a real drink of Puro Apple Older during the last few years? To meet tha dealrei of many clients, ve hare introduced reeently a pure clear sparkling apple elder In pint bottlei, either purs sweet or government regulation 2% hard apple elder. Theso drinks are absolutely pure and free from all eatbonic aold gas or preservatives of any nature. Write or phone your order today, Highland 00. VAN BROS. LTD. Older Manufacturers 1055 Commercial Drive, Vancouver, B. 0. BANKING SERVICE -THE UNION BANK OF CANADA, with its chain -1* of branches across Canada, and its foreign connections, offers complete facilities for taking care of tlie banking requirements of its customers, both at home and abroad. UPK»»HK Established 50 Years 1 " FRIDAY April 24, 1925 SEVENTEENTH YEAR. No. 17 BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST VANCOUVER, B. C. Page Three We Are Now Selling the ORIGINAL NANAIMO- WELLINGTON COAL From the old WAKESIAH SEAM. This coal is far superior to any mined on Vancouver Island today, having More Heat, Less Ash, and contains No Rook, No Shale and No Clinkers. If this coal is not satisfactory in every respect your money will be cheerfully refunded. A Trial Will Convince Every Consumer AIL WHITE HELP Leslie Coal Co. Ltd. »44 BEACH AVE. Plume Sey. 7137 JUNIOR LABOR LEAGUE The regular educational meeting held last Friday evening was well attended and the discussion interesting. The membership Is getting so large that It wUl soon be necessary to rant a hall for tlte meetings. This Frif'.ay, the regular business meeting w'*.I be held at the home di Mr, Ferguson, 339 Fifty-eighth avenue east. Eight new members will be Initiated. The league meetings nre open to everyone,- penpusher or pick-and slovel artist, if you nre between the agL's of lfi nnd 30 come along, and get into a real live organization. The secretary is Mr. W. Rees, 61.62 Chester street, phone Fras-er f>51-I_, Woman and the Game of War [By MRS. ROSE HENDERSON.] (Concluded) Heavy TaxaMon In the year 11122 Canada, with population of 8,788,4S3. paid in taxes ubout $ii61,460,037. This staggering sum wus mnde up as follows: Municipal taxes, $17S,6C4,291; provincial taxes, $47,342,405; dominion taxe, $335,453,341—making a total of $561 460,037—.1. N. Harris, M. P. (Eust York). NOTIOE TO BUILDING CONTRACTORS TENDERS wanted for building addition to diaries Dickens School, corner 17tl> Avo. and Glon Drive, Vancouver. Plans, specifications, etc, muy bo obtained from School Hoard Office, corner Hamilton and Diinsinuir streets, after 2 p.m. Thursday, April 2it, 1925, on deposit of $25.00. Tenders in duplicate, enclosed with marked cheque for $5,000, in sealed envelopes, addressed to Chnirmnn nnd Secretary, Vnncouver School Bonrd, nnd endorsed "Tender for Charles Dlokona School Addition," must bo handed to tlio Secretnry between !1 nnd 5 p.m. Friday, Mny 1st, 1925. Tenders will bo opened nt a special meoting of tbo bonrd at 7:80 p.ln, tbo snmo dny, at which tenderers are Invited to bo presont. Lowest or nny tender not necessarily ao- ceptod, D. G. WOLFE-MERTON, Secretnry School Board. TENDERS FOR VENTO RADS VANCOUVER SCHOOL BOARD wants tenders for tbo supply of 312 sections Venlo Rads per specifications obtainable at School Hoard Office'. Tenders to be ' bands Lowest cepted. undersigned tender April 28th, 1925. not necessarily nc- G. WOLFE-MERTON, Secretary School Bonrd. Phone Sey. 1198. 312 CARRALL ST. G. S. MASON & CO. ElUMlllntl 1888 A FAOTOBT FOB KEl'AIlllNO HIGH- GRADE WATCHES, CLOCKS, CHBONOMETEHS AND JEWEIBT Antique Clocks, Clironograp-S, tbo. Woathor GlaBsea UNION DIRECTORY ALLIED PBINTINO TRADES OO0NCIL*— Mm'tfl second Monday in th« month. President, J. R. White; eecretarr, B. H. Neol- ande. P. O. Box 66. FEDERATED LABOR PARTY, Room 111* 319 Pender St. West—Businoss meetings 1st and 3rd Weil'ips'lny evenings. R. fl. NcelnndH, Chnirmnn; E. H. Morrison, Sou.- Treas*; Angus Maclnnis, 3544 Princo Edward Stroet, Vancouver, B, C., Corresponding Secrotary. Any district in British Columbia desiring information ro securing speakers or tlio formation of loenl branches, kindly communi* cato with Provincial Secretary J. Lylo Tolford, G24 Birks Bldg., Vancouvor, B. 0. Telephone Seymour 1382, or bayvlew 5220. BAKERY SALESMEN, LOCAL 871— Mens aacond Thuraday every month in Holden Building. Preaident, J. Brightwell; flnanclal aeoretary, H. A. Bowron, U29—llth Arenas East. INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD Of Boilermakers, Iron Shipbuilders and Helpers of America, Loeal 194—Meetings flrat and third Mondaya in each month in Holden Building. President, P. Willis; aeeretary, A. Fraser. Office hours. 9 to 11 a.m. and 8 to 6 pjn. CIVIO EMPLOYEES UNION—MeaU flrst and third Fridays ln eaeh month, at 445 Richards Street. President, David Cuthlll, 2852 Albert Btreet; secretary-treasurer, Geo. Harrison, 1182 Parker Street. ENGINEERS — INTERNATIONAL DNION uf Steam and Operating, Local 882— Meets every Wednesday at 8 p.m., Room 806 Holden Bldg. President, Charles Price; business agent and financial aocrotary, F. L, Hunt; recording secretary, J. T. Venn. MUSICIANS' MUTUAL PROTECTIVE UNION, Locnl 145, A, I*1, of M.—Meots in Cotillion Hnll, corner of Davlo nnd Granvillo streets, second Sundny nt 10 a.m. Preildent, E. A. Jamleson, 991 Nolson Streot; Secretary, J. W. Allen, 991 Nolson Street; Finiinclnl Secretary, W. E. Wllllnms, 991 Nelson Street; Organizer, F. Fletcher, 991 Nelson Street. THE VANCOUVER THEATRICAL FEDERATION—Meets at 991 Nelson Street, at 11 a.m. on tho Tuesday preceding the 1st Sunday of the month. Presidont, Harry Pearson, 991 Nelson Stroot; Secretary, E. A. Jamie* Bon, 991 Nelson Streot; Businoss Agont, F. Fletcher, 991 Nelson Pt. TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, No. 220—President, R. P. Pettlplece; vice-president, C. t*\ Cempbell; secretary-treasurer, R. H. Neelands, P. O. Box 66. Meets last Sunday of each month at 2 p.m. ln Holden Building, 16 Hastings Street Enst. PRINCE RUPERT TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, No. 413—Prosldent, 8. D. Mao* d'onald, secretary-treasurer, J. M. Campbell, P. 0. Box 689. Meet, last Thursday of eaeh saonth. Toward what end their characters are being formed, how sincere and disinterested aro the class motives impelling Sir Robert Baden- Powcll to take upon himself this noble task of "character-building" of the boys of the working-class, not only nationally but internationally, can best be judged from the following quotations: "Be Prepared" is the motto of the boy seout. This is ho mere catch-phrase, for what and against whom is very definitely stated: "We have many powerful enemies round us in Europe who want very much to get hold of trade in our great manufacturing towns and our vast farmlands in our overseas dominions. Their way, and they know it, is to stab suddenly at the heart of thc Empire, that is to attack Britain. Por this reason every Briton, who has any grit in him, will be prepared in defending his country." (Pdge 280). 'If a strong enemy wants our rich commerce and dominions and sees us in Britain divided against each other he would pounce in and capture them." (Page 278). 'The Roman empire at last fell chiefly because the young Romans gave up soldiering and manliness." (Page 276). 'Wc ought really not to think too much of any boy, even though a cricketer and a footballer, unless he can also shoot and drill and scout—that is tho fellow who is going to be useful if we are attacked. I hope also that before long that every eleven, whether football or cricket, will al_so make itself a good eleven for shooting and scouting; ahd, therefore, useful for our King and Country when needed. So make yourselves good rifle shots in order to protect the women and children-of your country if it should be necessary." (Page 281). 'The curious result of our training is, we are being continually asked by officers in the service to send them recruits who have been trained as boy scouts. They prefer them to any other for soldiering duties." (Page 319.) "War has put the vitality of the movement to the highest test, as it has done the results of our method of training. Both- in the army and navy, old scouts have distinguished themselves above the average, and praise of their previous preparation comes to us from from admirals and generals alike. The war work done by the hoys has won for us splendid letters of recommendation from the prime minister as well as from heads of ministcrics in government departments." (Page 5.) "It is something to know that our principle of inculcating character, as a basis of good citizenship, supplies also the best founda tion for making a good soldier or sailor. The knights taught themselves the use of arrows in order to protect thcir religion and their country against enemies. Thousands of men fought against the Mohammedan Turks to maintain the Christian religion; the were always ready to fight and kill in upholding thcir king or their religion or tlieir honor. Wc are their descendants, and wc ought, to keep up their good name and follow tlieir steps. You scouts cannot do better than follow the example of your forefathers, the knights who made the British nation into one of thc greatest and best that the world has ever seen." (Pages 25 and 26.) A Few Years Do Not Matter "We have all got to die some day; a few years more or less of our own lives don't mako much matter in the history of the world; but it is a very great matter if, by dying a year or two scoffer than wc should otherwise do from disease, wc can help to save the flag of our country from going under. Therefore, think it over, be pre pared to die for your country if need bc, so that when the moment arrives you may charge home with confidence, not caring whether you are going to ho killed or not," (Page 290.) I "The Old Story" This then is the "gospel" according to Sir Hubert Baden-Powell, a gospel of death and destruction, of suspicion and false patriotism, a gospel which drags millions of innocent women and children to disease, famine, pauperism and degeneracy. This is the gospel which is responsible for unemployment, the destruction of homos, the corrupting of press and politicians, and tho chaos generally, driving multitudes to suicide and madness. How long will parents continue to turn thcir children over to be trained in tliis foulest of all occupations—that of killing their fellow-men. War has never brought peace or security to thc masses, and never can. What the world needs is the hand of friendship not warships, crusades against war, not war cruisers, harbingers of peace and hofi messengers carrying tlie gospel of love, and trust, and brotherhood, and co-operation, and not the gospel of might, force, hate, suspicion, and death. And so the dance of death proceeds, and there seems to lie no moral force in lite world as yet strong enough to check the lust IV power and profit of those anti-human boasts of prey now planning the "Next War". Capitalists continue to grow rich out of war investments, while the poor grow more wretched. Tn Great Britain ths annual interest to the War-Loan lenders is in the region of £350,000,000, tho total expenditure on war pensions from 1st August, 1914 to 31st March, 1923 (partly estimated) is £470,000. Stocks and bonds command a higher value than life. There is an end to the pensioner and his dependents, but to the war loan there is no end, it will go on as long as the people are willing to pay. After the War—This Today scarcely seven years after thc war that was to end all future conflicts and bring to the workers of (lie world "a new era of soeial justice and freedom," what do we find is thcir lot? Heroes have become beggars, and shamefaced squat in the city streets, miserable mendicants, asking for crusts. Womon—weary, ravished women, wives and widows, old mothers, and next of kin; wan, wasted, muted victims, seek work, but unable to find it, arc driven hy the millions to that most loathsome of all occupations, prostitution. Hunger drives them to the streets, disease and desolation to early graves. Like stray mangcy cats and dogs, children of the masses creep cautiously from garbage heap to garbage can, and feed on the bits of food, not yet quite putrid. Palaces groan under their weight of luxuries, ball-rooms pulsate with the frenzied joy of the dancers, tables groan with choicest foods, and champagne flows like water as compensation to those who loaned the money and slight is thcir solicitude for those who fought and won the war. Those who yesterday were their dupes and heroes, are today their slaves, living in a sordidness that is shrivelling their souls, maddening their minds and driving them to thc worst and wantonest deeds. Prehistoric woman cowered before the lightning and the gale, she feared only the beasts of the jungle, she handed her mate a club and bade him protect her—but modern woman has something infinitely more terrible than the beasts of the jungle to fear. Her mate can no longer protect her and their children, lie is the dupe and the tool, used by the beasts of prey in thc industrial jungle, to reduce hor children and home to destitution and ruin. In spite of all this evil, war can and will be ended. To bring peace to thc world is the historic rolo of the working class. To redeem itself from ignorance nnd liberate itself from the cunning treacheries of its masters is the supreme task of labor. The international labor movement has come to uproot, the evil causes of wai'. Out from thc broken homes, the aching heart of the sorrowing disillusioned masses eome a new cry, "we will be free, we will have peace," we will unite." It, is heard in every land, its cry is shaking empires, its tears are washing away thrones. The Russian mothers cried out, under the tyranny of thc Czar, "you shall not rule us and take our sons away." The Cznr hns passed. The Germnn mothors cry out "you shall not, take our sons to feed the war machine, we want pence, we will hnve peace." The Kaiser has been dethroned. The French mothers take up the refrain, the British, Canadian, and American mothers nre marching in search of truth, looking forward lo a world peace. Looking to form n united front. A league of mothers thnt will encompnss the world and wipe wnr for ever from the earth, The mothers of the world have a glorious bond in common the protection of their children from War, Are not all mothers one people? Do not all mothers love their ohildren? Would not all mothers die to save thcir children from slaughter and suffering? If humanity is to exist—if peace is to bc a reality, the mothers of the world must become the standard bearers, martyrs in the cause. They must be prepared to suffer as much in the cause of peace as they were willing to suffer in the cause of war. The germs of war are hatched in the system of capitalism, in the system of profits and plunder. In order to abolish war its causes must be uprooted. This is the historic mission of the working class. Farmer and Labor (Continued from Page 1) bad to worse, what must bo clone? That is the question to be solved. The industrial worker has his trade or Industrial union, and the farmer has his co-operativo association, neither of which seem to satisfy the requirements of tho question in its entirety. Both are necessary in their own sphere as a means of ascertaining ihe economic desires'of each of these two great divisions of the working class. This wns proven so in the case of Russia. It was necessary for the workers to organize in their rospectivo Soviets, nnd also the peasants, to do likewise in their groups. But something more was necessary, There had to be co-ordination between the two groups, to be the better able to give effect to the economic conditions desired, through the organ of the Russian state. Herein lies the difference of the revolution that devel oped in that country from what took place in any other social upheaval The national emblem of that country is the hammer and sickle crossed, in unison, emblematic of a state control led by the unity of workmen and peasants. And one thing is assured, so far as the rest of the world is con cerned, that until such times as thc worker and •farmer come to a realization of the economic interdepen dence existing between thom, man., of their mutual problems will remain unsolved. In regard to the conditions prevailing in this province, it must be apparent to all who have made a study of both city and farm life, that political developments leading to closer union between farm and city workers are long overdue. The political labor movement aa at present constituted is composed mostly of cltv workers. This happens largely because most of the propaganda and organization work has been confined to the cltier,. The farmer on tbe other hand has littlo or no political organization, and for that reason is cast high and low on the sea of politicnl expediency. The movement in the city hns not reached by any means the highest point of efficiency, but it is better than none at all. Mistake; have boen made in the past, nnd it is reasonable lo expect that further errors will bo made before the foundation and structure will be impregnable, before the tido of political adversity. But no mistake will be made in attempting to find a common ground for a uniled front of worker and farmer on tlie political field. No greater error can be made than to think that nn effective political labor movement can be built up whb tin1 farmer left to his own destiny. Even though it wero possiblo to construct such a movement that every industrial constituency in the province elected labor candidates, such members would still be a minority of tbe total members of the legislature, in other words, the members from the grlcultuml ridings would still be lu tho majority, and may or may not voto to defeat labor measures. Th!s infers therefore, that to meet will, provincial wide success, the agricultural districts must be swing into lho lalior column, To do this, means education and organization. The farmer must lie educated to the point, whon he will realize that lie has common cause with the industrial worker nnd the city worker must also learn that he Is helpless without the aid of tbr man who tills the soil. He must furthermore bo tnken hit tlie labor movement as a body. If LETTERS TOR :d [The opinions and ideas expreiMd by corrwpondanta are not necessarily endorsed by Th* Federatlonist, and no responsibility for the views expressed is accepted by the management.] Labor Party and Elections Editor B. C. Federationist: "With your kind permission I would like to suy a few words on tho questions dea- cussed by Comrade Walts and Muc- Innls in your last issue. There is not much to bo gained by falling out regarding names of parties, etc., but thore is much to be lost and we only play Into the hands of our capitalistic politicians. May I, therefore make a few suggestions: First, I would favor the affiliated membors of tho Canadian Labor Party being given a fre hand to organize branches of the Labor party, the members of such branches signing a card declaring themselves In favor of the C. L. P. programme—instead, however, of calling such branches Point Grey group of the C. L. P. call such branch "Point Grey Labor party"; secondly, that the existing branches of the Federated Labor party call themselves "Colllngwood Labor Party," "East Burnaby Lalor Party," "McKay Labor Parly," etc., etc.—the same suggestion would apply to Victoria and Its suburbs; thirdly, that outside points be organized—Cloverdnlc, Mission, Port Mann, Port Coquitlam, etc., In a similar manner, and further that every such organization send in their delegates to the annual convention of the C. L. p.; fourthly, that the labor parties in and around Vancouver (say Greater Vancouver and taking in New Westminster and that district) form a centrnl executive, two delegates from each party and meet every month in Vancouver, and a similar executive could function, no doubt In Victoria. If we are to win either provincial or federal elections In the future we shall have to organize, organize, organize. These suggestions may not meet with the views uf some members of the F. L. P. and I humbly suggest that thoy Consider same. One more suggestion with regard to the Statesman and tho B. C. Fedorationist. Could not tho Statesman be amalgamated with tho older paper, double Its size, tho socialists, birth controllers, farmers, etc., taking one half the space and tho trado unions the other half, thus making one roal live paper. Think It over. Yours for unity and strength. / , I. L. PEER. Vancouver, B. C*. April 20, 1925. more real and comprehensive labor movement Is lo he built up. Fo:* years wo have been taught that in unity there is strength, nnd that no chain is stronger than its Weakest link. Tho farmer is also cnpable of learning the sumo lesson, and has much to loarn In that respect from his brother worker in Ihe city. A farmer labor movement in this provinco may nt the commencement encounter difficulties, but In time would havo potentialities that would give moro causo for foar to the older parties thau any other political movoment; what Is more Important slill, both city and farm workers would for tho first time In their history, "be minding their own business". "HUDSON'S BAY POINT" BLANKETS WITH "The Seal of Quality" guarantee of excellence, "are universally acclaimed the "standard of blanket value." Their traditionally good quality is obtained at all Hudson's Bay stores and posts throughout Canada. Six standard colors: Orey, Khaki, Bed, Green, White, Stripe. Point Size Weight Orer Khaki Bed 3 61x74 8lbs. Soz $10,50 $12.50 $12.50 *V_ 63x81 10 lbs 12.50 15.00 15.00 4 72x90 12 lbs 15.00 17.50 17.50 Point size Weight Green White stripe 3 61x74 81bs.5o_ $12.50 $14.00 *V_ 63x81 10 lbs 15.00 16.50 4 72x90 12 lbs 17.50 19.50 19.50 Acknowledged for- generations without peer for out-of- doors use. "Hudson's Bay Point" Blankets are today winning many new friends through their great serviceability and comfort as Blankets for the Home They make thc warmest of bed coverings—equally good for bedroom and for sleeping porch. —Handsome couch covers. —Snug and luxurious motor rugs. —Travel rugs for boat or train. —Picturesque winter sports coats. —They are all pure wool—soft and warm. —They wash well—they give lifetime service. nh*ii\) mpmni ■era H *r> I A wise man onco said: "Smile until ten o'clock and the rest of the day will tnke caro of itself." If you are really in sympathy with labor, be a booster. The Federationist is out to do its bit. Help it. With tho theory of happiness as the primary aim of existence, we shall produce only egotists.—Mazzini. Thc gifted man Is ho who sees tho essential point, and leaves all tho rest aside as surplusage.—Thomas Carlyle. Patronize Federationist advertisers Fresh Cut Flowers, Funeral Designs, Wedding Bouquets, Pot Plants, Ornamental and Shade Trees, Seeds, Bulbs, Florists' Sundries Brown Brothers & Co. Ltd. FLORISTS AND NUItSERYStEN t—STORES— I 48 Hastings Street East. Sey. 988*172. 685 Granville Street Sn 161 Hastings street West Sey. 1870' 1017 Oeorgia strait Wut._ "SAT II WITH FLOWEKS" esis-isn Sey. 7«»* CTOVES AND RANGES, both malleable and steel, ° McClary's, Fawcett's, Canada's Pride, installed free by experts; satisfaction guaranteed. Cash or $2.00 per week. Canada Pride Range Company Ltd. 346 Hastings Street East Sey. 2399 At Uie OrpliiMim Karyl Norman, lho "Creole Fash lon Plate," who la headlining next week's hill of vaudeville at the Or- pheum, April SO, Mny 1 nnd 2, in Just ns popular In lhe old country OS he Ih here. When ho opened ln London hts debut was a great triumph, Immediately the cables* were made bot In an attempt to cancel some of his American time ro he could extend his British tour. Mis vehicle this season Is a gorgeous artistic conception called j'Tho Tuneful Song Shop," He Is assisted hy Keno Clark and Bobble Simonds. Charles Withers, who Is well known to vaudeville fans for bis travesty on tbe old-time melodrama "For Pity's Sake," is coming to the Orpheum In a new offering cnlled "Withers Op'ry," which Is a travesty on tho variety show of thirty yenrH ago, Sir. Withers plays the character of Silas Spliven's, manager of tlie op'ry house. It's a laugh riot, "Wanted, a Husband,*' Is a delightful satire on miMrimnninl newspapers, In wliich Diek Keeno and Virginia Barrett have found a comedy skit that Is said to tickle tho rlslbbll- Hies of the most staid audience. Percy llronson and Edith Evans offer "The Sober Recital," which ifl most Intoxicating, so the press agents sny, from a laugh angle, Tho Bra- minos are a funny team who clown with musical instruments much to tho amusement or tbe audience. A Scotch comedian fresh from the music halls of the old country ls Neil McKay, lie is billed as "The Real McKay." Ills material and makeup oro said to bo tbe funniest thnt has come across for somo time. The Clinton Sisters are a team of pretty girls who will offer an artistic novelty. The Aesop's Fable Is cnlled "Down on the Farm." Topics of the dny nnd (he Orpheum concert orchestra completes a great bill of vaudeville, Nanaimo and District Wide interest is being manifested in the splendid Educational Articles now appearing as regular features in THE BRITISH COLOMBIA FEDERATIONIST Official Organ of the FEDERATED LABOR PARTY OP BRITISH COLUMBIA These Articles of Advanced Thought are highly appreciated and extensively read by many labor men and women who think as well as work. Subscription Price: Year, $2.50; Six Months, $1.50 5 Cents per Copy. The Federationist will be pleased to receive News Items, as well as Manuscripts bearing upon the Labor Question in Its Widest Application to Society Today. Sample Copies may be obtained from the representative of the B. C. Federationist, who will also be pleased to receive copy and subscriptions for the paper, by undersigned. JUST RECEIVED THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH TRADE UNION DELEGA TION TO RUSSIA-234 pages, with Maps and Illustrations. Price, $1.50 Post Free. THOS. A. BARNARD Book Seller end Stationer 63 COMMERCIAL STREET, NANAIMO, B. C. Page Four SEVENTEENTH YEAR. No. 17 BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST, Vancouver, b. c. FRIDAY April -4, 1926 Reg. $575, Slightly Used BELL PIANO This instrument is in excellent condition in every respect and has a beautiful mahogany case. It has been used but a very short time, and the owner is leaving Vancouver and wishes to make a quick disposal of same —hence the unusual low price for ^QQS cash only qtOW TOWNLEY & WARD, LTD. 443 Hastings Street West Phone Sey. 2444 Corner Richards Contract. Let for First Unit of English Bay Pleasure Pier. TJAHRISON & LAMOND, contractors, were tbe successful tenderers for the construction of unit number one in the scheme ot development of the Vancouver Swimming Pool and Pleasure Pier, Limited, at English Bay, and conduction has already commenced. This is the first step In what should prove to be the leading attraction at Vancouver's most entertaining resor', The board of directors under the guidance of President E. W. Dean, will proceed to complete tho project of the company, unit by unit, and it is expected that final completion of the pool and Pier will be In time to tako In the grenter part of the non- son. -Protective Law- The struggle between liberty and authority Is the moat conspicuous feature in those portions of history With which we are earliest familiar. J. S. Mill. The fruits of labor is sweeter than a stolen peach. Man's conviction should be strong, and so well timed that worldly advantages may seem to have no share in it.—Addison. Labor disgraces no man; unfortunately, you occasionally find men who disgrace labor.—President Grant. DEAF? Deaf? NOW you Can mingle with your frionds without that pinl)arraasnicDt whloh evory deaf porson suffers. Now you can take your place in the social businoss worlds to whloh your talents entitle you, and from which yonr affliction haa la some measure excluded you. Inasmuch as over 500,000 users havo testified to the wonderful results obtained from the "Acoustieon," we feol perfectly safe in urging every deaf person, without a penny of expenae, to accept the "ACOUSTICON" _&__* PITMAN OPTICAL HOUSE EVERYTHING FOB TBE ETE AND EAR 615 Hutings Stntt West, Vancouver, B.O. THE CHOICE OF THE UNIONS CATTO'S VERY OLD HIGHLAND WHISKY THOROUGHLY MATURED—ONE OF THE MOST POPUI*AR BRANDS AT THE GOVERNMENT STORES OOLD LABEL 15-YEAR-OLD Ask tot CATTO'S. For Bale at all Government Liquor Stores nil ftifttfJMMt Is aot pohllihad or dlspUytd by tho Liquor Control Board or by tho Oowrnmont of Britiih Colombia No Fewer Than 135,000 Agents Employed by Detective Firms in 100 Bureaus. According lo facts and figures collected by American labor papers, tbe profession of "labor spy" is yielding high profits to the big detective concerns who have taken it up. Tho work of tiie labor spy, installed by tbe employers in their factories, is to watch workers suspected oC Labor and Trade Union activities, and to fake acts of violence as an excuse for strikebreaking by calling the po lice and troops. It is estimated that the three leading detective firms in the United States, Pinkerton, Burns, Thiel, em ploy no fewer than 135,000 agents, in 100 bureaus, and reap a yearly In come of nearly $70,000,000. About three-quarters of this sum is gained by providing labor spies, Pasteurized Pure MILK F"* With all the sweet fresh cream left in. We don't "process" or "separate" our milk—you get all the cream, as you should. For Real Milk and Good Cream Phone Ayrshire Dairy 1270 Hornby Street Sey. 6191 Undor New Management Mr. W. R. Orr, who has purchased the furniture business of the late Peter Wright, at 1163 Granville street, will conduct a big sale for the next ten days. Mr. Orr. for over four and a half years was the manager for David Spencer & Co., at Victoria. He knows his business, and the require ments of the people. He asks the readers of this pnper to drop in and see him, and let him show them the finest and largest line of furniture in this city. His prices of 20 to 30 per cent, off regular prices will help the working man to furnish up his home at a small cost. Mr. Orr, before coming to Vancouver, spent some years on the prairie. He will be welcomed to the business fraternity of this city. 4 Prairie Slum Life (Continued from page 1) arlly during seeding time and harvest and all the attendance officers in the world cannot remedy this stato of affairs; it is not a question for the department or education; it is a ques tion for the economic masters of tho country, and sinco it concerns them not, it is a question for the worker thomsolves to settle. It Is a question of the distribution of productions. Loyalty to country, to family, and to the union constitutes a trinity to be proud of. Many a man Is given a soft nnswei because ho Is known to be a hard hitter. Bird, Bird & Lefeaux BARRISTERS, SOLICITOUS, ETO. 401-408 Metropolitan Building 837 Hastings St. W., VANCOUVER, B.C. Telephones: Seymonr 6S66 and 6667 1 m-tmm-mmz:mmmmM-,mmmmmma*^^ GIGANTIC TEN-DAY FURNITURE SALE 1163 Granville Street The stock and business of the Peter Wright Furniture Store has been purchased by W. R. Orr, who will continue this business. Opening Thursday, April 23, with a ten-day sale. ALL STOCK ON HAND WILL BE SOLD AT A Reduction of 20$, 30$ and 50% Off Regular Prices Several thousand dollars' worth of new stock which is being added daily will also be sold at special prices during this sale YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO PURCHASE FURNITURE AT "LOWER PRICES'' .:ja_iE;!HJ*^~3*a**^i-3^^ [NEMESIS] ALL living matter is composed of cells, thc lowest forms of both £*■ vegetable and animal life, of course, being the single cell, and you have read the convincing articles of Professor Hill-Tout, a masterly exposition of thc theory of how the most complex forms of existing life have developed from the primal single cell. If you desire further evidence in favor of the theory you may obtain it by studying the conduct of man which conforms fundamentally with the conduct of the animals, as his physical anatomy so closely resembles that of the higher apes. Had man been a separate and special creation, he would have exhibited a higher form of morality and a truer reason governing his thoughts and actions. We should not havo the revolting spectacle of a world frantically and selfishly struggling for the material things and exhibiting a total disregard for the misery of these worsted in the animal struggle. Wc shall sec reason ruling, universal co-operation in operation, and n place of our dungeons, reformatories, lunatic asylums and othei animal institutions, there would bc colleges and pleasure palaces in every village on earth. It is all a matter of law, and till mmi learns to live in conformity with law his case is hopeless. Law has bcen in existence with governing mind eternally. While man recognizes more clearly the physical laws the whole of his institutions, including even his religious organiaztions, prove that, as yet, he lias no clear appreciation of the moral law, for they are all founded on a pure, material selfishness—something to gain for themselves, from earthly riches to the promised bliss of Para disc. This is all wrong; and the result, the world as we find it today, a sad and sorry spectacle. Let us take a look at thc operation of one of thc physical laws and sec if we cannot learn something from it to our advantage. As I said our bodies arc an aggregation of cells which, when working in harmonious uninterruption, comprises the perfect organism. Lot us suppose that a foreign cell, floating in the air, is drawn by the breath into thc lung of such an organism. We will suppose the foreign cell is a tubercle bacillus, and it comes to rest on the lining of thc cell of thc lung. This is not supposing anything unusual, for it happens to most of us poor city dwellers every day we live, more especially those of us who reside near a "dump"— so beloved by our city fathers. Now, the law I had in mind is this: The foreign cell is not allowed to enter the body unresisted. As soon aB it tries, as it does, to establish itself in the lung tissue, there springs up a determined opposition to its doing so. As this happens in every case without exception tho process must be regarded as the working of natural law in favor of the organism. The foreign germ cell begins to operate; the warmth and moisture of the tissue it has invaded favors its growth; and soon a tiny speck of matter may appear composed of dead tissue caused by the germ poisons and in which thc microscope reveals many germs similar to the original invading one. Now begins to opcarte the protective law, mysterious and inexplicable by any theory of evolution, attributable only to the process of eternal and governing mind. Brought by the blood, or developed from the neighbouring tissues, a double row of cells envelopes the tubercle as thc small speck of poisoned matter containing the diseaso germs is called, and thc fight begins. If the cells of the invaded organism are quite healthy the fight will end in their favor and the disease germs will be practically smothered. If through the imbibing of too much government or bootlegger's liquor, or from any other preventable and enervating cause, the opposing cells of the organism are the weaker, then the disease germs may pervade thc whole of the lungs and a hopeless consumptive result. As the body offers resistance to all foreign germs of whatever nature and, if the body is quite healthy and vigorous, the chances are ever in favor of the organism. All the doctor can do, when he is called in, is to put the body, as far as he is able, into as good a condition as possible under thc circumstances so that the protective law can operate successfully. Nature does its own curing. The doctor, by his medicine, by mental suggestion and by other means can do much, but he must ever worlt in conformity with thc physical, protective, natural law. In the new era of Justice and Reason, fast approaching, the doctor will be a public servant and not a eurer of disease but a preventer. "Prevention is better than cure" is a wise old snying, but under our competitive and illogical system of society, like many another wise old saying, merely a matter of verbiage. ' Just at present thc small-pox epidemic is agitating thc public mind and causing the timid among us to dwell fearfully upon thc baneful germ, and many have rushed tremblingly to thc publie vaccinators, as vaccination is claimed by many to bc a preventative. When I was a boy I heard much of this subject, as my father was an enthusiastic anti-vaccinationist. Since then I have read all thc matter I could obtain relating tto both sides of thc question, and have come to the conclusion that each side makes out a very good case in its favor, which means, of course, that vaccination is not a sure preventative against the small-pox germ. Thc medical profession seems to bc divided on thc subject, and that in itself is very significant, as sufficient time has elapsed since the introduction of compulsory vaccination to demonstrate without any doubt its efficacy or otherwise. Yet we are still in doubt. The human mind, being yet in its infancy, we find in all questions like this, two sides violently opposing each other. There shall be no two sides, but nn honest amalgamtion seeking earnestly and calmly for thc truth. Two sides to a question spells confusion. It is a species of politics after all. A parliament of independent members, righteously striving for the benefit of all, would do more good in a month than thc present party system would do iu a lifetime. But we have not yet arrived at that point iu our development. Egotism, thc almighty ego, thc impersonation of selfishness, still rules the roost to thc detriment, of the well-being of mankind. Here are a few points to consider: Has any individual, or group of individuals, the right to tamper with the blood of their fellow men? As individuals, should we not have the right to the exclusive ownership of our own blood? I nm aware that under• capitalism wo own very little, but I think wc should insist upon this blood ownership. If we do not, any day an order-in-council, that curious contradiction to our glorious democracy, may force us to endure a still further tampering with our blood in thc way of serum and anti-toxin infusions for all thc diseases under the sun. This may well happen in a time of panic which, considering the nervous state in which wc live today, may spring up at any moment. Is it not about time, considering that in a favored country like British Columbia, among its young organisms a medical examination revealed a percentage of 107 defective, that serious consideration' was given to thc existence of the protective law and an effort made to ensure its effective working? If we devoted half the day to an organized and healthful physical training of our children, wc should not bc giving too much as that would help to invigorate thc cells of thcir bodies and cause the law to work to advantage. In our adult life the worry and harassing uncertainty of our daily existence is seriously affecting this necessary vitality and it seems quito hopeless to try and arrest the deterioration under the present system of socioty. Should not some attention bc given to the training of the mental force to cope with foreign intruders into our blood stream? The timid person who has been vaccinated, feels secure, nnd no longer dreads thc disease, a passive mental attitude which may account foi' the success, if there bc any, which tlie vaccinationists clnim for it. Whether this feeling of security against the germ counterbalances tlie inevitable reaction to thc introduction of foreign matter into the blood is, I suppose, a question for each to decide for himself. But what we need is an active mental attitude, stimulating the natural protective forces inherent in the organism. This is not a mere theoretical fancy, but an attitude which can bc inculcated in the human mind, a fact which the greatest and most successful physicians of the world are today employing in their efforts to cure the ills of mankind, and, by so doing, are obeying one of thc eternal, fundamental physical laws and thereby exhibiting true wisdom. The glory of a workman, still more of a master-workman, that he docs his work well, ought to be his most ■ecious possession; like the "honor of a soldier" dearer to him than life. —Thomas Carlyle. {Underproduction for profit, this precious possession is denied the workman.) Patronize Federationist advertisers Manifesto and Platform —OP THB— Federated Labor Party of B.C. fHE FEDERATED LABOR PARTY is organized for tho purpose of securing industrial legislation, and the collective ownership and democratic control of the means of wealth production. Private ownership of the means of wealth produetion (lands, forests, mines, fisheries, mills and factories), is the basis of the present system of society. The ownership of these natural resources and thc machinery of production is vested in a small minority of the people, who, because of this ownership, constitute the real rulers of tho country—the ruling class. This elass ownership of the means of life, with the restrictions and appropriation of the fruits of labor i-.ccessa.ily following it, is tho root cause of the present insecurity and privation suffered by the working class. The large majority of the people—the working class—being property less, must obtain the necessities of life through the only channel open to them, i.e., by selling their labor power. The only condition upon which they can do so is that a profit must accrue to the owning class from the process. Profits for the few and not the needs of the many is the motive underlying production. The farmer, despite the semblance of ownership whieh appears from the occupancy of the land and the machinery with which he works it, is in approximately the same position as the propertyiess wage-worker. The wage-worker sells his labor power direct to the capitalist class for a price (wages), and that which he produces belongs to thc party employing him or her. The farmer converts Hs labor power into other commodities, (wheat, oats, etc.), whieh he must dispose of in the open market, having little or no control over the disposal of his product. The result of his toil passes into the hands of the* capitalist class in rent, interest and profit just as surely and completely as does the product of the labor of the wage-worker, whieh he (the wage-worker) leaves in the mill or factory when the whistle blows at the end of the day. The production and distribution of the things essential to our needs has reached a stage of development in which it requires the active cooperation of practically all the productive forees in society; social production has superseded individual produetion. Our ultimate objective is, therefore, the collective ownership of things collectively produced and collectively used. Thc need and well-being of society must bc the regulator of production. Thc present ruling class maintains its ownership in the means of life and consequent exploitation of the workers through its control of the powers of the state. This present system of government is controlled by the same class which controls the industries and hence is used in thcir interests. Under these conditions thc welfare of tho masses is a subordinate consideration. Realizing this, it logically follows that the working class can not improve their condition in any permanent way until they assume thc powers and functions of the state. This can be accomplished in this country by taking advantage of our political privileges and electing working-class representatives to all legislative and administrative bodies. The working class itself must be its own emancipator. Taking into consideration the international aspect of the development of capitalism and the interdependence of eaeh country upon all other countries for even the partial functioning of the productive forces that obtain to-day, wo realize the impossibility of the working class of any one country—even if the entire government was within its control—formulating and carrying out, unaided, a complete programmo of socialisation. We therefore pledge our support and cooperation to all groups, of whatever nationality, having similar aims. The Federated Labor Party will support all legislative measures having for thcir purpose the betterment of the condition of the working class, but wc maintain, that so long as the workers are content to sell their life's energy in the market they must accept the conditions which the fluctuation of that market entails. Tho present productive forces of society arc quite sufficient to supply our overy need and comfort; but tho present system of production and appropriation denies to the great mass of the people the bare necessities of life. AVhile the few revel in wealth and luxury, millions are done to death by slow starvation. Knowledge of the cause of this phenomenon is absolutely essential to intelligent action. Class ownership of the means of production; class appropriation of thc social product of labor, is the cause of this denial to the workers of an opportunity to participate in the fruits of their labor. Collective ownership of the means of production; social appropriation of that which is socially produced, is the only means to end exploitation. In the foregoing wc have given an outline as brief and concise as possible of the basis of present-day society. The Federated Labor party as a socialist party holds that the difficulties which thc working class is laboring under can only bo removed by a change in our economic system. For this reason we do not put forward any lengthy list of immediate aims. By working class wc mean all'of thc people who must labor by hand or by brain and have no other means of support. Tho function of the party is to organize and educate the workers along political lines as the surest and safest way to get control of the powers of government. Once having secured that power it will be used to liberate where it is now used to oppress. Changes come slowly ns the people learn slowly and to try and force changes beforc the mass of the people are ready for them will ony defeat thc end wc have in view. Before thc workers can advance to power they must gain confidence in thcir own ability as organizers, legislators and administrators; and the best way to create that confidence is by contesting the election to every elective office. On the platform, around the council table or in the legislature we shall put forward and work for the passing of such reforms as the workers think necessary for the strengthening of their position, but our ultimate goal is the socialist state. arpiUratefc ffiabor ^party of l.QL i APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP | /, the undersigned, endorse and subscribe to ihe furtherance of the declared objects of the Parl_i and agree to be governed 6ji the Constitution thereof. Name Address - -— Phone No Occupation (. Proposed fcj fl Date II
Publisher changes in chronological order: Vancouver Trades and Labour Council (1912) ; The B.C. Federationist, Ltd. (1912-1915) ; The B.C. Federationist, Limited (1915-1922) ; The B.C. Federationist (1922-1923) ; The British Columbia Federationist (1923-1925).
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