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SESKSHEaffiSEKSeS zstTssBsasaaaaaaaaoamm mmm Columbia federationist OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE FEDERATED LAB OR PARTY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA PUBLISHED IN INTERESTS OF ALL WORKERS .4 POLITICAL UNITY: VICTORY SEVENTEENTH YEAR, No. b. *WR PAGbS VANCOUVER, B. C, FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 6,1925 5c A COPY A Biological View —We Must Faoe Conditions of an Artificial Civilization. ENCOURAGED TO BREED Nature Wipes Out by Periodical Epidemics the Surplus Human Product. rPHE physical Ufe of man la governed by ithe same inexorable laws us those which control the life of other mammals. We admit, without argument, the fact that every species of the lower animals, if allowed to exercise* unchecked lta natural powers of reproduction, would completely overrun the earth. The terrific death rate, especially among the young, is the only factor whieh prevents this catastrophe. in the paat history of the human race, na aural law hus operated to maintain a fairly even balance between repro dilutive powers and ihu effects of war, pestilence und other destructive forces. But, today, we have to faee the conditiona of an artificial civilization which has produced the two new phases affecting human life, namely industrialism and humanHar- lanlsm or Christian charity, England, an older country than ours, furnishes an excellent illustration ul thc working ont ol! the laws of population. L'p till the nlnteonth century, It was practically a self- supporting country, living upon the products of Us own soil. During ihi.s tunc population increased"slowly. Although birth control was nol practised, tbe birth rate was balanced by tliL* appalling ravages of diseuse. The Ulack death destroyed between two- thirds and three-fourths ot the population of England. Peoplo in country districts, ordinarily, died us rapidly as they die now In the slums of great cities. Nature, by the methods she applies to rabbits, wiped out by periodical epidemics thc surplus humnn product. When England became a manufacturing country conditions radically changed. The capacity of the nation to support a population became limited only by the power to exchange I its manufactures for food produced in * other parts of the world. Between k the years 1S00 and 1900, the popula- f tlon of England increased 300 pet- cent. Large families were everywhere the rule and the birth rate rose lo 3G per thousand in tho seventies, Concurrently with the rise of industrialism, there arose the application of Christian charity, labelled hu- maitftarianlsm. Unlike the Greeks or Romans, who practiced infantcide, our Victorian grandfathers were disposed to "rescue the pershing nnd care for the dying." Free education free meals, free medical advice were called into aetion to assist In the "baby-saving" campaigns. The poor proletariat wns encouraged to breed to the limit, while the thrifty and saving members of the community were taxed to provide nsylums. hospitals and reform schools to preserve (J~la Inferior progeny. Consequently, the upper strata limited their •families to two or thfee, while only road .sweepers, dock laborers and others of the unskilled workers cun tinned to indulge in large families, England's colonies and dominions overseas were expected lo submit to a process by \ which tho dumped ber slum-bred population upon them under the guise of "immigration." Being self- governing, they naturally rerused to be receptacles for the surplus of tbe mothor country. Today, thanka to industrialism and modern so-called hiinianitananism, there exists a problem, whicb only scientific birth control can solve. England has been chosen for iho sake of illustration, bin every civil-' Ized country Is faring the same conditions in regard to lhe uncontrolled bieedlng of defective types. The only remedy Is scientific birth control made available to the masses through legalized clinics. i THE UNEMPIiOYED OP KOI'TIl VANCOUVER At our weekly meeting on Tuesday evening at the Municipal hall we hnd n fair attendance. Delegates from city reported progress re the central committeo now forming to include North and South Vuneouver in one central body. Delegates were elected to Interview the Reeve and Council on Thuraday. next. Discussion arose respecting the unfair methods of lotting work out to contractors and bud- con tractors from whom It Is difficult to get the wages when earned—thus putting the unemployed In a worse position tban ever, Tt was stated that Vancouver was likely to boom In tbe next ten years, so tho problem to exist 'till then becomes more acute until the authorities grant some relief to tide the worst cases over.—E, D. Brewer, secretary, 4854 James atreet, South Van. ri m ROSE HENDERSON Will speakv >' "ler auspices of Women's Internajip Ii- ,'e of Peace and Freedom on Wedneso^y, February 11,1925 at 8 p.m. In the WOMEN'S BUILDING ' 752 Thurlow Street SUBJECT: "INTERNATIONAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FOROES MAKING FOR NEXT WAR" ■.«.^«..«.*.»..*».--.«.*..l«|..t.***«.-*»*«H«.*»^ Some Observations Ex-Soldiers and Others Gravitate' to the Oities Looking; for Employment. FARMING CONDITIONS Soviet Russia Will Not Recognize Loans to Former Czarist Governments. | By John Pickenshovol] U. .1. ASHTON of the Soldiers Settle- *-* mem board says: "While il is true lhal we have men out of employment in our cities in the winter, our percentage of unemployment is not unduly heavy and some of them could undoubtedly, find work in the country or the lumber camps If tbey were willing to leave the city." It is ulso true that many of the returned soldiers that that individual Is engaged in "settling" are among the "unsettled." True, many of them are In the cities, but that is largely due to lhe fact that the conditions on the land aro so unstable, that they have to gravitate to the cities, whother for good or evil. He says that the unemployed eould find work In tho lumber camps. It so happens that most of Ihe IngrtJt.g' camps In British Columbia bave bcen idle for the grenter part of the winter. If be were in Vancouver during winter among the unemployed men, instead of holding down a government job at Ottawa, and learned something of the wages and condition* offered for farm help, he would not l,e surprised that men were reluctant to devote ibdr energies to the tilling of the soil. Regardless of the low wages paid, by tho time he or any- else has cleared a few acres of stumps, be would not bo too enthusiastic ubout working Ihe land. Mental froth, such as he offers is scanty advice for unsettled men living in equally unsettled economic conditions. Of course a steady government job Is a different kind If a proposition than being the flotsam and jetsam on tbe unstable sea of economic circumstances. a * + A woman made $1,500,000 when wheal leaps to $2,0!i per bushel. Tlie woman In question calls herself a "dirt farmer." It is a safe calculation to make, that Bhe would be a long time tilling tbe soil before she woilld reap a harvest like that. The man who leaves Vuneouver in the fall to "throw botjuets" on the prairie, kids himself Into thinking he Is going to reap the "golden grain." j He may be garnering the harvest of '•grain," but judfflng from recent reports from the stock exchange, tbe Help the press that's helping you. The daily, capitalist press is no friend of yours, comrade! j Why help it? Says City Needs Cleaning: Up— University ReUef Work—Re Five-Day Week. At.Tuesday night's meeting of the Trades and Labor council a thorough cleanup of tbe unsanitary places in thc city was urged, Delegate W. (i. ScrlbbOttB stated that the city wun •quipped with a village stair of sanitary inspectors to do the work ol a largo and growing city," There wore four Inspectors t" look after the city whicli was divided Into four parts Tor the purpose. Nd sanitary survey of thc city had ever been ittde, he declared. It was said that small-pox might easily be attributed to the filthy spots In some of the elly districts. The authorities should take some action toward enforcing better sanitation. The question of relief work at\ the university site was discussed, if men wished to atop at the camps there, it wns said, they must have blankets, or make the long ride and walk, night and morning from and to work. The Pninters nnd Carpenters' unions were in favor of a five-day week. Harvesting of the gold is done by they who "toil not, neither do they spin". Apparently, what wo seen tn the local press about the farmers making money must be correct, that is, making money for the stock exchange gambler. Meanwhile the price of bread has gone up. Leonid Krassin, soviet uintessador to Prance, says Russia will not recognize loans to former Russian governments. Logically, why should that country do otherwise. Deserted by Its former allies, and deprived of its share of the spoils, Russia lias been compelled to work out Ita own economic salvation. Now it is asked to make further sacrifices, in the intorests of tlie financial vultures who thrive on wur. If Russia were to do so, it would not be the preaent but the future governments which would do tbe paying. The children born in Russia for the next 25 years would be doing the paying. The Czar did the borrowing and the children of today and tomorrow are asked to do the pnying. The other countries of Europe have mortgaged the future population to an embnrrasslng extent, and are using every li\trlgue possible to force Russia to endorse their insane and unjust policy. Be cause the Czarist regime preferred to starve its own poople In order to fatten foreign bondholders, Is no reason for the present adminiatration to do likewise. Nor do wo have to revert to the former Russian government for examples of that policy. Alt Europe todny is starving its population in the interests of the avaricious bondholders, Here in Canada we were recently told by none other than Premier MaqKenzle King, that the govornmont would not be responsible for the debts owing to those who fought and worked during the war. In that case, if it Is justifiable for the Canadian government to repudiate the Canadian people, then the present Russian government. Is justified in repudiating the foreign financiers who want to bleed Its people. According to established policy In ail capitalist nations, the bondholders muat be paid to the last drop of Ibo peoples blood, and the "capi- tallsl dictatorship" has issued hs mandate to Russia, that It must conform. So long as tho "red flag" em- blematlc of proletarian blood paid for the greatest sociul revolution of history flies over Russin, the debts owing (n ibe bondholders wha supplied tho bullets for "Black Friday" will bc repudiated. The same can be aald, for the financiers who supplied material and men for the counter- revoluntlonary efforts against Russia, und now have tho temerity to ask through "thoir governments," that i1"' People of that country reimburse tbem. ir Russia cannot see any humor in Bitch efforts, li certainly has vivid recollections of or- fflos ot persecution by tho Czarist regime, and possibly has dreams of- their repetition, If capitalism is ablo to overthrow the soviet government. However, Russia has proven at least one Important fact, that the working •'lass Is able to "mind Its own business," when it decides definitely to ceaso looking after "the master's business," MEANDERINGS (By Peripatetic Pagan.) STANLEY BALDWIN thinks that one of the difficulties Labor leaders must have to contend with Is, that while their Members of Parliament are perhaps closely in touch with the harsher realties of life than some other members, yet In their speeches and proposed remedies they seem to be further removed from the real problems than the members of the other parties. That men. who talk most freely of the universal brotherhood of man, talk about it before they have any real conception of it ■ . . that "we desire that wider brotherhood as much as the members of. the Labor party." Holy Gee! who does he include in the "we," and when did "we" ever show one tinker's cuss (for workers, brotherhood of man, and the people, before the Labor party put the hand-writing on the wall, writ large! * • • "Public Pays ln Wheat Gamble." Of course they do! First, second, third and all the time—they always do and always—well, I don't know about always will. One of these times and pretty soon, may be, there will be a deuce of a blow-off and speculating robber barons in wheat, meat, wool, rubber and other necessities may get a hand-out from an Irate bad-tempered world of workers who won't stand for it any longer. * • * Read what E. F. Wise said early this weclc at an important Labor meeting, that "un orgy of grain speculation ut Chicago and AVinnipeg ia responsible for the rising price of bread." Well digest that, nnd shoot it out next time one of these mathematical nuts tries to prove that It is all caused by worhKshoi'tage. *• * * Oh yes, I am a good Canadian all right altho I did happen to see light in the home-land) and am proud of now calling myself Canadian. Nature has done fine for Canada and nature muy well boast, but have thosC*"who have and have had the control and development of our country any great cause for boasting". * * * We have boundless resources and we have lots of hungry- unemployed, Tremendous yields of wheat, but, even at the high price of bread now in Rritnln we pay 'dearer ■ here weight to cent. Unheard of possi billties, yet so many idle hands. In debt as nation, province nnd mttnici pality, such a weight of it on a little over eight millions. How ia it wc tolerate and have tolerated a system by which millions of acres of land have been filched from the people? * • * Let us Canadians show practical pride In our country and organize, criticise, propagandise, teach the common sense of Socialism to the glory of a real Canadian democracy. * » * Well, of course If they have not got tbe thousand dollars, perhaps (?) the brewers will lend it to them. What u hello ubout a glass of beer! And. as .1. It. says, they mustn't sins and they mustn't dance even nfter a glass or two of it. I can Imagine Johnny the Cockney, saying, "Pretty muck that to drink." Patronize Federationist advertisers our churches ure becoming tho wmrters of n monopoly, and the Working man sees and feels It, There is no real democracy i„ the Church In this day, with a few sfartllng und gloriouB exceptions.—Rev, Dr. Plerscn [Philadelphia). He who has moat humanity Is most n man and therefore tbe one best filled to rule over other men. Hence, humanity Is the foundation of society, and the best and noblest of all the virtues.—Confucius. Meet the man wo all know: He is the follow who la temperamentally so constituted, that if he can't bo thc "big duck in the puddle," he will refuse to waddle. Socialism means, tn short, the practical application of Christianity to IlTe, and has In ll the secret of an orderly and benign reconstruction.-— ■lames Russell Lowell. Note the dato—Fri canonist" Day—ail y. oth—"Ft v—every tl. Let l's Sing Some weeks ago lhe singing ot labor and pi.pular -songs was Introduced at Dr. Curry's Friday evening meetings. Last week a number present expressed their dealre lo engage an instructor, and organise a choir. This Friday a musical director will i>e presont. and ail uble ami willing lo assist in this good work are cordially Invited lo attend al the C. I', hall, '..HI Homer street, at 7:80 p. 111. Dominion General Elections IT IS high time to get together and prepare our organization for the approaching general election if we are to do effective work. This is true of all parts of the country, but especially so of the big up-country constituencies, where the electors are so scattered that they hardly know each other. WE MUST BEGIN TO ORGANIZE. WE MUST BEGIN TO COLLECT A CAMPAIGN FUND A meeting is being arranged at Silverton to organize a branch of the Labor party, and we hope to hear of similar action throughout Kootenay. A campaign fund raised by small monthly subscriptions would place the party in a position to do effective work in the crisis of the eleetion. Burns9 Anniversary pions Cause of Oppressed in Prose and Poetry. PUT CONVENTIONS ASIDE More Scottish Vernacular Verse Written Since Burns' Time Than Previously. (Concluded From Last Week) T)UT It was not only against mater- ial poverty that Burns directed his attacks. It being within his power to give utterances to satirical expressions, probably unequalled in literature, he found himself, in thc early part of his career, right in the heart of what ultimately, very largely through, his interventions, became a nation-wide conflict between nation allsm and established religion. He took the side which was the only possible one for him. He stood for liberty, always. The side he took waB the unpopular one, and by hiB zea^ he made it the popular side. The people were not desirous of being set free from the thraldom of creeds. Their personal devil was with them always and has left his name associated with every dark glen and thick copse, ovor the length and breadth of tho land, They were satisfied to quail before the all-seeing eye. and vengeful arm of a God who "sent ane to Heaven and ten lo hell, a' for bis glory." Burns was on the side of the new theologans of his day nnd to him hfs duty was to set the people free, not from corrupt church government but from the slavery of their own minds. Munis' appeal was to the sense of humor of his people. In half a dozen poems, written In the leisure moments of n working farmer's life, he did in.nv for the Intellectual liberation of tho Scottish people than all Truth About War—Its Causes and Effects Must Be Explained in Sohool. THE PERIOD OF JINGOISM Heir of Ancient Tradition Cham-f work, you must of necessity ap proach finally these last days in Dumfries. It is a strange fact that most of the brilliant geniuses who have flashed across the pages of our British literature have left us to ruminate of what might have heen, Personally I feol, that would to God he had never gone to Edinburgh and that be had never become a gauger. After the disaster of Elllsand, Burns, in an endeavor to secure himself and his family from the extreme rigours of poverty, and to thereby hold himself free fn his hours of leisure to follow the muse, joined the excise, and lt seems to me a matter of supremo regret that this which was Intended for the rock of his independence, became the rock of his serfdom against which he dashed himself in vain to secure release. He was in his blood and marrow a patriot, and from his earliest days he had placed Wallace, and Bruce on a pedestal and worshipped them as representing his highest ideals of patriotism. His patriotism was no narrow and selfish creed. To him a country enslaved was a country to be set free. His love nf country was indfssolubly associated with his country's honor, and *a passionate love for these family altars from which rose the Incense of sacrifice made for liberty and righteousness, a Justifiable pride in the deods whicli hnd made his country famous tbe world ovor for great men, brave- hearted women. This beloved land of "his auld respeckit mithor," whose greatest story It wns, that It hnd stood among the nations first "or the principle of independence. From this sprung his love of liberty, personal and national, and as he bolieved In personal honor ao wns he jealous of thc national honor Although in these Inter days bo Was bent, and that bending was a >cess of menial conflict which Is critics have I Dettei* left unthoiight of, he was not ill. IiUi by aught them In their weak- ;' bis personality "Nicky Bon" or achieved since that time. His humor, bitter ami klndl turns, directed atfalnsl iheir Ingn beliefs, i est part. Tiie evil spirit, who iu tlieir crodu-* Wj"" lous minds, nightly stalked tbe earth, ' accompanied i>y neks, lost niucl when add broken. Bo loft no doubt either to bis contemporaries or To posterity as to his attitudo towards these events, tho French revolution, and the American war o! Jndopcnduncr, which insumlag Kurope ami laying ndallnn.fi of n new nation tn | America. j Every word spoken in favor of Washington and tho Ameriean patriots ami i-vcvy word spoken In sym- ! withy with the common people In Prance, were words spoken ngainst the British govornmont. his employers, who lui.i control of lit., matorial If you are really in sympathy with labor, he a booster. The Federationist is out to do its bit. Help it. JOIN THE Federated Labor Party TP YOU subscribe to the •*• principles for which the P. L. P. stands, write your name and address plainly below, and send to Secretary Federated Labor Party, Room 111, 319 Pender West. Wl' :usi •n souls il<> rlghl Unit Ml.i (I li. JUNIOR LABOB LEAGUE Text Books Should Be Beviied to Teach Students Friendship Between Nations. [By h, B. J.] TOURING the Oreat War, one of the strongest accusations against Germany was that, she had taught her children militarism ln school and thus made a mlllstarlstlc nation longing for domination. Immediately after the war this accusation was conveniently turned Into a pattern for our own schools, and for several years a furious wave of militarism passed through all our educational institutions. Publio sentiment against small boys carrying muskets for an hour of military drill soom made itself felt, and already the cadet work In our schools has been greatly demilitarized, and good physical exercises introduced. If, however, physical exorcise ls to replace military drill entirely In our schools why retain the name "Cadet Corp"? This carries with it all the suggestion of wor and domination and the idea of "dying for one's country." In such an atmosphere lt is difficult to teach the much-needed truth, that if young men live intelligently enough for their country they can prevent the necessity of dying for it. Nevertheless in many countries text books have been revised In order to ' teach children thc Idea of friendship between nations. Japan, Austria, the United Slates and Germany, ns well as Grent Britain have mode splendid efforts in this direction. In Canada our text books still belong to the period of Jingoism and national arrogance. If wo are to escape tho reproaches not only of other nations, but of our own children wo must demand the exclusion from our readers and text books of passages that glorify war or foster international rivalry. In their plaoe let selections be used that teach the causes of war, the heroism of peace. Md lbe unity „f mankind. When "■111 such a time come? Miss Agnes McPhall, M. ,,., „„-„,.. mg in Ontnrio recently, wns both courageous and truthful when she said; "Unless the fads regarding war ""'I its causes arc made available In ie school text books there |8 littlo likelihood thai the presenl widespread wm* psychology will be displaced by any universal movement for peace," When these facts aboul war begin - appear In tho texl books we shall bid good bye to the grand old glorification „r war that has wnt mmtons of young mon to kill each other un- * der the delusion thai they wore* attaining n high ideal. "Kondy buys ready, wo'll Hki,, and well conquer again and again," 1,1,1 ""' " ut age nnd tradition hangs abont sucb poems, nnd thoy 1,1,1 ""• lilsai ar without protests n'"'" "•■■■"■' «> insider the post more sacred than the future. I" •!»• batllo Him is niging. ,,,„ light notion for every worker ami ior ovory lover of justice Is to do his full port, iu. matter nl whal temporary loss, to spread the light m marshal Hi" army, in shatter tho Inst fortress ul oppression, and establish ibe roign of Liberty over the oarth. Chas M Kerr. Wo speak of the errors of the past Wo, with thai glorious presenl <• b Is opening on us. shall never enter "ii It, Bhnll never understand It, nil we hnve li*ni*ni in boo In lhal past, "**i error, bul Instnlmenl of truth, hnril-fought-for ir wrung rait Willi pnlnful nml heroic orfori, - .1 A. Fn.iiili*. Filled fu' o' lowln' brlmstano Whoso riigln' (lame and soorcl hen I Wild moll llu hardest whiinslnm The half-asleep starl up wl' foi And ihink they hear ii roarln' When presontly it doos appeal "1'waB lnu si,nn* ncebor snoran— Asleep nml day. Hums questioned alike tin* ne slty I'm* human wrong and Hi" ni Will Officers Elected —D. Charlton •President—Next Meeting' To Be "Hat Night." Al the olei chat I m vrall nit :elh. dl! relationship with tin* Dlety. The grt .reator to revere Must sure become lhe creuluro. But still the preaching can'l forbi And even the rigid featun Vet ne'er with wll profane t Be complalsanoo extended, ■An atheist's laugh's n poor exchnng For Dolly offended, ul in plenauro'B ui officers lh" -1* '- '- rHBdward'Beli lo in the personnel • ii. lho executive. Thoso elected for tin* year are: ProBldent, D, Charlton: vlco-proldont, W. lives; »ecrelnry- trensurer, George Mitchell; executive member*, II. Wostnmn nml II Web* happlnoBB—so far as I happliios, •!•■ ids ut , „ material [fncis—is uni bound up win onomia conditions? Ami b.™ shnll un equal opportunity I'm* the pursuli uf hapnl- jiiess In* guaranteed to nil snn* by n jguarantee of economic equality?*— ombershli* nny nf tin* s committee will in good baseball Interested In When rambllnt ring, llollglon mny in* blinded, Or If Bhe gl'o ii random siln. * It may bo littlo minded; Bul when on life we're tempesl drivon, A conscience lnu a canker, A correspondence flx'd wl' Heaven Is sura n noble anchor. I iln mil know how olhors feel about It, friends, but I nevor study the life work or Hubert Hums with- ran n pang nf regret, to think that, from whutever nnglo you view his A Icntlon r.u'tiis t ii now !••• obtained I imbors. The sunns ngo be clnil In hi | players ra* mill.lies. Tnnight. February 6th, the mombors nml frlohllB will meet ill Ihe I if Mrs. Dnvld Reos, 0262 Chester Btreet, noar Forty-ninth avenue I tnke Fraser enn I'm* u snelnl evening. The next eiliienllnliiil mooting will lie i: "hut night," wben each member ivlll make uu Impromptu speech nn lome subject tu he drawn from tin* b.H. This will provido un opportunity fnr some fun ns well as serinus thought. Km* nny further Information, phone ••iiiininiit 2.58-n, ut* eraser r.r,l-i_. I bellov, Indeed, that under ordinary circumstances ibe menus ul life wero more abundam during ihe Middlo Agoa than thoy are undor our modern experience. There wits. I am con- vlneeii. im extreme poverty—Thorold Rogers, The opposition In socialism will nut ••nine from the wealthy. II will rmna from the stupidity and apathy of lho very people mosi to in* bonoflted by it'—from working men Ibeinaelves.—■ II. (luyfoid Wllshlre. There Is n prlclplo which Is n bnr against nil Information, ami whieh will kee), a mnn In everlasting Ignorance: ihut principle is contempt prlit* to Investigation,—Sponcer. The lnbor movement Is not one of self-seekers demanding lo get their rights, but uf brut hers seeking lo put things In rights.—Henry Demurest Lloyd. PAGE TWO seventeenth yeah. No. H BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST Vancouver, b. c. IRruary 6, # 1925 I British Columbia Federationist Published every Friday by The British Columbia Federationist Swaln-eas and Editorial Offi-co, U29 Howo St. The policy of Thc B. G. Fedorationitit la •ontrollt-d by tho editorial hoard of tho Fed* •rated Labor Party of British Columbia. Subscription Rato: United Statos and Foreign, IS.00 per year; Canada. $2.50 per year, $1.50 for aix montha; to Unions subscribing in a body, 16c per member per month. The Federatloniat is on aale at the following newa stands: VAHOOUVEB E. J. OALLOWAY 910 Granville 8UW MELSOM'S NEWS STAHD 1071 OranTllU Iteeet r. 0. MEWS STAND SSS Granville Mn«t JOHN GBBEN 181 OarraU StrtM WTBBNATIONAL BOOK STOBB Oor. Haatinga and OotamkU Avaar B.O.E.E. TBAM NEWS .Dor. Oarrall and Huting! StnaU LOVE'S NEWS STAND ...._ _ 134 HaatUgs maata Bail WALTEE OALLOWAY 135 Haatinga Stmt But I-LAOK BLOOK NEWS STAND -...183 Hastinga Strwt Waft NEWS STAND ll'l'A t\ est '..Oor, Hutings and Abbott Strufci W. H. ARMSTRONG 2402 Main Street BEN TOON'S BOOK SHOP 421 Granville BOULT'S BOOK STORE 313'/a Gamble St. OEORGIA CONFEOTIONEBY...- 999 Oeorgia Street Wait STBAND CONFECTIONERY 548 Georgia Streot PROOHNAU & GATES ...160 Broadway Eaat F. TURNER 915 Main Streot B. A. WEBSTER 6993 Fraaer Street NORTH VANCOUVEB SHOEMAKER & McLEAN... 6 Loiadale Are. NEW WESTMINSTEB A. MUNOEAM 754 Columbia Street DEPOT NEW STAND Interurban Depot DAN MACKENZIE Columbia Street VIOTOBIA OEEENHAUGH NEWS AGENCY Oor. Yatea and Government HORSE SHOE STAND.. 1223 Government St. W. LEVY 644 Yatei Streot NANAIMO T. A. BARNARD 63 Commercial Stroot FORT ALBERNI W. H. DENHAM. Newa Stand PRINOE GEORGE KARL ANDERSON News Stand, VERNON EUGENE BELLEVUE Box 822 j we should do something to protect ALBERTA jour own interests. since the unrest following- thc war," ho declared. Another Senator, Bruco of Maryland, attacked the amendment as a dangerous encroachment on state sovereignty, designed to check personal liberty. What next, we pray! These men deal with lies and falsehoods -lhe the devil might be expected to play with sin. They are the archenemies of humanity and human progress. Everything and anything aiming to improve the life of man, is, to them, of bolsheviki origin. These latter, we feel, should bo complimented. But such .senators, such hypo crltes, can they boast of anything so worthy? To such men as theso, state sover elgnty and personal liberty, means their right to treat human beings, in dustrial slaves, ns mere cogs in there great machine, which Is being operated and controlled for the beneflt of the few. To them the lives of men, women and children are as nothing, compared with the fulfilment of their desire for luxuries, wealth and power. Surely It cannot be expected that the worker.-, are going to stand for such Inhuman treatment being meted out indefinitely, to them selves and I heir offspring. CANADIAN SHIPS BANNED! PPARENTLY the shipping interests down on tbe "great lakes," n Eastern Canada, are having a little dispute among themselves, and us us- ml, they have called upon Iheir 'Ighthand men, our'so-called Federal representatives to come to their assistance. Canadian boats will not, according to .a recent ruling of the United States attorney-general, be permitted to carry to American ports. Now, our Canadian shippers would have us believe that their ships are our ships; that our dignity and national honor is boing trampled under foot by our American friends; that VALLEY CONFECTIONERY Drumhollor ALEXANDER NEWS STAND 204 Eighth Ate. W., Calgary BOSTON HAT WORKS 109 Eighth Ave. W., Oalgary LABOB NEWS .. ...808 Centre Streot, Oalgary NATIONAL NEWS ... 304 nrat Streot W., Oalgary STAB SMOKE SHOP _ „ 125a Eighth Avo. E., Oalgary UNION CIGAB STAND ...„ 810 Second Stroet E.. Oalgary SASKATCHEWAN LAYCOCK STORES LTD Swift Current SEATTLE, WASH. B0KHART NEWS STORE FRIDAY February 6, 1925 ADVICE TO LABOR LEADERS PREMIER BALDWIN has chosen the role of adviser to the labor leaders. He tells them that, though in actual practice they aro more closely in touch with tho harsher rO' alities of lifo than are the members of any other party, yet in their speeches and proposed remedies they seem to get furthor removed from tho real problems than the members of any other party. They should follow the lead of the old parties! Certainly a knowledge of the stern realities of life is essential if one Is to be a useful and intelligent repre- sehtative Premier Baldwin admits lhat the members of all parties, othor than the labor party, are lacking In that knowledge. How then can he intelligently represent the great masses. Baldwin, like the labor representatives, represents the outlook of thoso witb whom lie is In Intimate touch. In his case it is the big interests. His conception of universal brotherhood la so at variance with that of labor's, that he falls to grasp its real Significance. He thinks that real brotherhood can bo attained under ©ur present competitive system. That Shows how little he knows about it, *r if he does kno.w, then he is obviously i.pposed in it being realized. We frankly admit tho need for ad- Vleo on the part of many bur leaders, but we fall I good in Premier Baldwin's Tho time is fast approaching when wo will come lo realize, lhat we receive as little consideration from Canadian ship owners as from American ship owners. Their greed for profits is as pernicious in its influence upon our citizens as is the greed of the Americans. If wo were really wise, as Canadians, we would really own, control operate and build our own ships co-operatively. Then we would not need to worry about such restrictions. In spite of our ship owners concern over American restrictions, we are quite aware of tho fact that thoy are much more afraid of a Canadian co-operative system, Thoy would have to vanish. la WORKERS COULD DO MORI-. JOHN R. CLYNES, lord privy seal In late labor government, ls reportod in the daily press to have asserted that, "there fs, however, an Increasing suspicion that more can be done by them (the workers) within thc limits of reasonable human endeavor. So far as restrictions of output may be due to the foolish notion that the less one man may do the more is left for another, this is the very worst doctrine men could adopt tn the interest of the workers thomsolves." Clynes Is liko a few moro of our would- be leaders in our trades union movement both at borno and abroad. He either does not understand soeial economics, or Is playing Into the hands of the masters, in such an In- siduous manner as to render himself I his position safe. .Some of these leaders are exceedingly anxious to retain thcir newly-attained standard of living, evon if la doing so, they are being carried on the backs of those thoy represent themselves as serving. It might bo an excellent idea If sucb loadors were compelled to return to (be ranks lo keep their viewpoints In harmony with the hend of (he times. tion without education is being reduced very rapidly. A great effort is being made to eliminate illiteracy, and "many kinds of educational activities are being promoted." State administrative departments are well organized and elliciently controlled. Religious institutions havo complete freedom to exercise their religious beliefs. The church has been disestablished, and is now entirely maintained by voluntary contributions. No religious instruction is given In schools or other educational establishments, Every effort Is being mado to improve ihe moral life of Russia, and prostitution, gambling and other vices are rapidly being eliminated by educational effort and drastic state regulations. By tho creation of workers' clubs, rest houses, sport and physical culture centers, trade union organizations are securing for their members trado union benefits in addition to real wages, which is much appreciated. Millions of new capital could be properly and safely invested In the development of the enormous economic possibilities. . . . Russia has so far improved the material and moral conditions of Its people as to have earned a permanent place among the European nations. When the report of the delegation is issued in full, it should not only be in Ihe hands of all trade union organizations throughout Canada, but big business and farmer's organizations as well. Russia is a growing economio power, and no nation can any longer afford to scoff and Ig- e this fact. IMPERIALISTIC JUNKERS niHE SUN of tho 3rd instant, In a 1 special front page editorial, kes an attack on the British junkers, comparing their doing with Iheir Prussian brother nuts, telling us how they, lhe Bri'tisb specimens, with their paid press (Oh. my aunt Maria!) are determined to head the British empire in the same direction as the 'Ussian beauties did the Oerman ipiiv. How the press—subsidized press— loaded with leading editorials in fine ponderous jingoistic strain urge tho good Canadian to build up a prosperous free proud country and so forth, on their particular lines and instructions. Of courso the junker, the jingo of the profiteer, the gambler In food stuffs, do all those things. They have the press here and practically everywhere. They publish the news thoy wish, market movements, crop reports, dished up to suit their schemes. These are all part of the box of tricks. Does not the writer of this Sun editorial know, as woll as we do. that what is being engineered just now is in no particular a special attack on Canada, but that the peoples of Great Britain the colonies the world over should be good and accept what is, according to their (the junkers') views, and not seek to control their own productions, markets, utilities. The Junkers know and they seo the rising tide Retting stronger, that the peoplos all will take their affairs in hand sooner or later and, by the token, probably sooner than they expect. When disgraceful wheat pools, meal combines, aud market riggings of all sorts will be clean swept, their affairs will be, intelligently and properly handled by tlie people for tbe people. Don't lte unduly alarmed, oh, anxious one, tlie British juniter press, the Canadian junker press only aim at one thing—to halt the rising tide of tho world's socialistic activities. They know their misdeeds, greed and cruelty are perforce being attacked and they are—just scared! GAMBLING IN WHEAT THERE haa boon rather an extensive orgy of Bumbling In wheal of Into. There has been, in fact, an excessive amounl of gambling in gen eral, throughout tho world, n is e pernicious habit at its best, but when It comes to gambling in wheat, food products of the peoplo at Iat It Is aboul Ume thnl it was laker hand, by those most vitally concerned, the masses. Nothing more effectually demonstrates tho Iniquities of our presont system than tbls present orgy of gambling. Millions of mon, women and ohildren, who today are living in A stnte of semi-starvation, in a land Of plenty, aro going to bo pushed further down, How far aro we going to allow those human vultures to carry on their nefarious business. Men, Women, arouse yourselves. You have Other enemies than the Germans. Our Worst enemies aro nearer homo. T1HK l.ritisl I appoints) CONDITIONS IN Ill'SSIA TTHB British trade union delegation I ol the In si trade union ivostlgato into conditions I'D issued a partial slule- ■ conclusions, ponding a hlch will be issued with in Rum full ro] ill the I The Kussia Trades tin :>xt Wi i ■!.-■. CHILD LABOR MEASURE CALLED "RED" SENATOR BAYARD, or Delaware, charged in lhe flrnale, thai tho Child labor amendment Which was re- Otntly urged In lhe United Stntes was pari of "a communistic plot to cause Industrial and social strife In the United States." "Its apparent defeat is one of the most encouraging signs tubers of the delegation to re; Mr, Puree!! (chairman) nlon congress, Mr, Fred Bramley, Mr. Bon Tillett, Mr. Herbert Smith, Mr. John Turner, and Mr. A. Flndloy. Nono of theae representatives are bolshoviks, or extremists, ami all are prominent In their re- spective organizations. Their full report will bo eagerly looked fur- ward to, and will have a prof pun* influonco on the political life or lh Labor party, as well as the Connor vntlve party. The following Is a partial summary of tlieir conclusions: Social industrial, and oconomic ei,milt inns" bave enormously improved" since the Hritish labor visit of 1920, Russians have almost balanced their budget, and financial stability was more secure than expected. Industry Is being rapidly developed espoclatl electrically. Workers' housing conditions are being rapidly improved, and bousing schemos provide "for the erection of model cottages superior to some of the Govornment bouses provided in Oreat Brttlan." Workmen's clubs, holiday homos and rest hpUSOS are also being used for education of illiterates, Inchul ing children and adults, and the pro portion of the working class populii- tho next war. Speaking to school children at Deal, he said: "Prepare you, ye boys and girls, for do not think there will not be any more war, because there will. ,'.'_,'.. Although you are only children now, when the next war does come— and come it will—you will be called upon to take your part." Alas! poor children; but ours is the task to teach them and the world differently, and with fervent prayers for the blessings of peace and no more war. GENERAL SIR IAN IIAMUVI'ON'S WARNING Oeneral Sir Ian Hamilton, when unveiling the war memorial at Crewe, said the tears and blood of tho old wars left no trace upon their memories. The Iale war Itself was passing away from the minds of th new generation. Unless something entirely unprecedented entered liilokly Into the hearts of mankind he orphans they were now bringing i]i in tbeir turn would go to war If II was a game, and find it, as tb bad found it, a grave. . . a feelli of hopelessness came over tho man! win. wished lo point mil to his fellows tho wonders and beauty of peaco. All be could do was to try to show tbem the futility of war. J3o long as thoy were still unveiling memorials there yvafl a tendency to sny thai they would all have been slavos now had they stood out together with tho Unltod States. Who dared to say what would havo happened ? They must not listen too muoh, anyway, to tiie men who mnde tlio war. They were bound lo crack It up. Tbey must ask themselves one i|iiostlon when thoy heard thoso speeches. Imagine if the British cabinet of July-August, 1014 — vacillating as they woro known to have been— bad beon vouchsafed a prophetic vision of those there upon tho plinth of Crewe's meorial, inscribed with so many mimes ttiftt ono could hardly stick a pin In between them. What would tbey have dono then? Would John Burns and John Morley hnve boon tbo only two to shrink back from tbe suicido of a generation? • • e Thus Oeneral Hamilton: now rend another view: The Earl of Ypres, „8ir John French, sooms fairly certain about RESULTS OF WHEAT GAMBLING Civilization has produced two kinds of robbers. The robber de luxe who robs according to law and goes scot froe—and the common ordinary garden variety who breaks tho law, and pays the full penalty when he steals a plug of tobacco or a pair of breeks. The latter is oftener the victim and result of the former, and is harmless by comparison. The man who robs according to law is powerful—a man of lho church and of social standing—and for this reason Is far more criminal, and moro dangerous, than the petty thief. This power for evi] and Its far- reaching effects can be seen at intervals in Its unvarnished audacity— as for Instance In the present wheat ramp. Here are a few sleek, well-fed, powerful men, able through their control of press and government, to carry on unmolested one of the most diabolical gambling ventures known In modern times—a gamble not In wheat, but ln tlie lives of men, womon and childron—men able to say lo tlie helpless masses, "Thou shall, or thou shall not live according to my decree." Greater power the kings of old did not possess. In Europe millions are dying, half- maddened through starvation, millions practically know no olher food than a crust of bread. Now gamblers decree that even this dry crust shall become harder to procure, Tbey decide, these rich sub-humans, to ring fhe last drop of blood out of theso miserable victims of war and enforced poverty, In England the diet of millions Is tea, bread and margarine. At best these millions rarely if ever get a square meal. Tlie mother must ration out the bread so that all will Jiave a share; but now that the price is soaring tho condition of these victims may better be imagined than described. It will mean less bread for the father and mother—in not a few instances, none—so that the children may got a little. It will mean no lunch for the children going to school and to work. It will mean lhat many parents will be compelled to see their babies wilt, sicken, and die. It will mean a lowered standard of health and morality. It will moan that more mothers will be forced out of their homes to supplement tho wages, or the dole. It will mean that men and boys will be driven to steal, and that women and girls will swell tho ranks nf beggars and prostitutes. The petty thief and the burglar are hounded, jailed, lashed, and ostracized. He gets the full penalty of the law, bul the worst enemy of society, the siimblers in life and food— the robbers de luxe—lives in luxury, is honored socially and often knighted for his business ability—his ability to rob the weaker members of society. It is not the first time these gamblers have held the world by the throat, and wo can rest assured that those sub-human vultures will continue their robbery so long as society harbours so many fools. The petty thief does most harm to himsolf, but lhe thief de luxe, directly and indirectly, kills and destroys nations. When will the masses arise to the occasion and demand that those, the roal enemies of society, be driven out Where are their mothers and wives' Aro thoy ignorant of the nefarious business In which thoir men folk aro engaged, or has closo association and luxury dulled their finer senses to tho cry of hungry mothers and babies? Gambling Is wrong—but gambllus in humnn lives is a crime of tho lowest •de Scenes at Government Employment Bureau on Powell Street; Scramble For Jobs. PICKING UP REMNANTS Hard t<> Bear She—My husband certainly does enjoy smoking In bis den. Has your husband a don? Other She—No, he growls all over the house—Williams Purple Cow. Rubber The neighborhood busybody is culled a snoop, but tho person Who gets paid for the samo thing is called an Investigator.—Illinois Stato Journal. Our advertisers mako It possible foils to spread the gospel of Labor. Wiow your appreciation by patroniz- ik them on every possiblo occasion. Lnbor Is the real measure of thp exchangeable value of all commodities.—Adam Smith. All beginnings are easy; It is tho ulterior steps that are of most difficult ascent nnd most rarely taken,— Goethe. GET A NEW SUBSCRIBER The jtrentent assistance thnt thr renders of Tito Federatlonist can rett- dor its nt this time. Is hy wM-urlmr n new subscriber. By doing so ym spread the news of the working cIhbs movement and assist ua. Gregarious Seagulls Botb Large and Small Foregathering at City's Garbage Depots, [By John PIckenshovel] QN THE corner of Slocan Street and Grand view Highway there is a depot in which the city authorities are depositing refuse from all parts of the city. If the reader is possessed of sound intestinal organs, and is not too sensitive of the aroma usually arising from city garbage depots, he or she might witness, as the writer does every morning what he considers to be a splendid object lesson of a very much pronounced situation in our midst. * * * We will arrive for example some morning at the place abovo mentioned. Here we will observe what, at first sight, appears to bo a poultry yard. But the poultry in this caso appears to be a flock of sea-gulls. We will halt thero for a brief spell— or as long ns our nostrils will stand it— and make a few observations. * * * We notice there are quite a flock of these birds. We notice also that thoy are quite gregarious in their habits, that is, they appear to associate in flocks or herds. They are id to build their nests ou the ground, or on rocky ledges, and are able to walk on land, float on water, and fly in the air. Their food consists mostly of refuse lhat floats on tho water, though thoy also feed on grubs and worms In sand or freshly turned up soil. Tbey are wholly or partially migratory, and move in the winter fro mthe colder regions of tho north to tho more temperate south, The larger species prey fiercely on other kind of birds, whilo the smaller content themselves with a diet of smaller animals often insects and worms. As we staand and behold them, we note a very strong similarity in behaviour to thnt of many othor animals. We notice a bird is picking at some piece of partially decomposed vegetable or animal matter. It is soon joined by another bird possessing a similar appetite, which proceeds morally or otherwise to help tho other devour it. This does not meet with the favor of all concerned, and an argument starts up. As the dispute continues, another bird, hovering around In the same region proceeds without much display of conscience to grab hold of the subject of the controversy and make off with It, to the accompaniment of much squawking on the part of the other birds. Some of the birds appear to be more peaceable tlmn the others, anda content themselves floating a- round In the water near-by picking up what floats on the surface. As we stand there becoming more and more aware of the apparent similarity of their behaviour with that of thc human animal, we suddenly notice some of the birds taking to flight, and hovering for a while over the dump. One or two of thom start flying In a certain direction, and are followed by the rest of them. They appear to he much excited over something. While wondering what may be the cause of the commotion, wo hear in tho distance, tho sound of a motor vehicle. It is the garbage truck with another load for tho dump. The scene then becomes one of great animation and ns the truck reaches its destination it almost appears as if a riot has started. As tho vehicle dumps its load over the pile, any words tho writer could use would nol describe tho condition of animation that prevails. By that time, the spectators have seen enough—nnd possibly smell enough—for one day, and then move in the direction of the city. * * * Tho next scone wc will visit is tho govornment employment bureau on Powell Stroet. Wo see a largo numbor of men standing both Inside and out. Thoy aro a small portion of Vancouver's unemployed. As wo enter, wo can scarcely move for mon Tbe air is pulrlfiod with tho exhalation of tho men assembled. Some are standing while others are silting. Some aro absorbed In silent thought. while others are engaged in some argument with their fellows. Somo are reminiscent of the. days of lost opportunities, whilo others are young mon standing still hopefully on the threshold of mnn hood. Most of thom are standing near a counter on tho top of which fs a wire railing, But they all appear to bo gazing erstwhile at thc boards on the wall for that whicli comes and goos like a phantom—a lob. Tl will be noticed that tho hoard is covered with "vacancies". The whole thing is vacant. Whatover the men may be doing, bo they quietly sitting down reading thc morning dope sheets, or trying to decipher crossword puzzles, or he they on- gaged in some animated discussion, their minds are nevertheless pitched to a point of expectation. While wo are standing there looking on, our minds reverting bnck at times to the sen-gull scene we hnve already witnessed, we suddenly hear the telophone bell ring. The place suddenly becomes animated. The men rush to points of vantago at the counter Each gets his registration card ready to pass over the counter. Thoy, o courso do not know the subject mat ler of the telephone message. They seem to think, however, thnt It Is a job, though when, where, or what kind, they know not. They don't know whether it Is a job to excavate a sewer, or a Job as a bank managj They don't know that it is ev but they are there In expi are closely watching the! of the staff back of tho cbtfnfeiC Soon ono of the staff proceeds to write something on the board. The noise and bustle that then follows reminds us of the squawking animated seagulls we have already witnessed. The notice is to the effect that 60 men are wanted to clear land at the university site at the munlficient wage of $2.00 per day—a wage that was con. sidered fair for laborers twenty years ngo. Inside of a minute, the required number of cards have passed over the counter, and just as we have witnessed In the case of the sea-gulls continuing around picking up the remanents after the garbage truck has departed, so in the case we have just described, those who were un able to get their cards over the coun ter in timo, tarry around waiting for the next job to go on the board. As Wo continue thero, we are much impressed with the possibility that what Darwin, Huxley and others said about the relation of the species was not so fnr wrong after all. Canadian Book Shelf [By Rionzi] •JJENS AND PIHATES," by KvilUaili Arthur Dencon, Tin* Ry'erson Press, Toronto. /"■ANADIAN readers should welcome ^ :• booh from lhe pen o! W. A. Deacon, better known as "(. uidide" ol' the Toronto Saturday Night. Although a stnunoh Canadian, Mr. Deacon's philosophy of life in nol "chauvinistic" or provincial. Hi* possesses a spark from the lire which Illumines "time anil the diverse ei*as." His boolt is mil hard lo read, Whimis.al humor (loslm* from main page of these delightful essays. Hut neath bis smiles there is n great , | Store Opens at 9 a.m. and Closes at 6 p.m. New Chiffon tf. osiery At the New Low Prices A FULL-FASHIONED, pure **■ silk hose with lisle top and narrow sole, in black and white, as well as 21 of the new season's most fashionable colors. The new price is $2.25 a pair. Heretofore $2.50. Also full-fashioned pure silk throughout, with narrow- fitting sole; black, white and 21 new colors. New price, $2.85 a pair. Heretofore $3.50. —Drj\.tInlo's Hosiery Shop, Main Floor 575 Granville Street Phone Seymour 3540 99 O 9 bb lum al- neslness merely tho outer garment ing a rare knowledge of life and Its lining. Wo must, with ;i blush, ee with him when bo snys, "Canadian literature Is produced without cheers from us nnd the makors of lt| buy one-way tickets to New York. By the recent death of Pelor MeArthur. journalist and poet, on hfs homestead in Bkfrld, Ontario, wo have lost one of tho sturdiest and most picturesque figures in the world of Canadian letters. From his poem "The Stone," I would like to quote a few lines of rugged Whit man esq no "man-poetry." "Tremble, yo Oppressors! Quake, ye Financial Pirates! Your dny Is at hand, for there is a man loose in Canada! A man to break through your legal laybrlnths, A Theseus to copo with your corporate Minolaurs, A Hercules to clean out your Augean stables of grafters, A man who moves stones from the path of his fellows! And makes smooth the path of the Worker! And such a man may move you! Tremble, I say!" [Note—As many enquiries reach tbis olllce from time to time, tho editor will reserve space to deal with such matters, under the above heading. Communications addressed to "Notes and Queries Editor" will be handled as quickly as space permits. —Ed.] ALLAN SCOTT -YoU arc quito right, bread is dearer In Canada oven than iu Britain. Market reports of the 2nd Rive ihe 4-pound loaf aa at 11 ponce; that is .4 ozs. for 22c. Vancouver bread Is IS ozs. for 10c— work It out and then—think. This is Cnnada lhi- grain producing country of lbr .world! I-:. GRAY—Ri delo eply- gret ng your query. Wo aro Indebte ho Citizen's Rosenrch Institute of Canada for figures whicli you will find on another page of this issuo. X WILSON—F. .1. Harris, Mrs. A. Smith. See roply E, ORAY. P, A., Kamloops—Thanks, will 'eply noxt Issue. UNCERTAIN JAMES—Your question Is a poser. Wc don't know how to uilivs_e. As a Socialist wo know no boundaries, but wo hate a good Canadian to go South because of slackness of work. Let ua say this much —soon, perhaps' sooner than any of us expect, a wave of Socialism may waft our lenders up to power in Britain, and such a movement wllj affect us here iu Canada doubtless. Wo Bhall profit by it and tho renl good times will be with us, all and overy. Now, In tho Stales, may bo, thoy have more to no through when tbo cloanlrig up comes tban bore In Canada. Both Tnlkcrs A schoolmaster wroto this brief criticism on a boy's report: "A good workor, but talks too much." When tho report came back signed according to rule by the boy's father, it bore besides the signature this feeling retort: "You should heor his mother!" Wonderfu1 Dresses From Back East HAVE yon seen them In the "Famous*' windows] Yon never sine such cn)»tlvntinK stylos iitul bountiful rnlnrs! And through exception-ally lucky buying wo rail Boll thom nt prices fnr below Willi! Iboy'ro renlly worth! Conn, find see for yourself I CLOAK and SUIT Go. Ltd. 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These drinks nn> absolutely puro and fron from all carbonic acid gas or preservatives nf any nature- Writo or phono your order todny, Highland 90. VAN BROS. LTD. Cidor Manufacturers 196*5 Commercial Drive, Vancouver, li. D FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST SCIENTIST 1160 Oeorgia Street dunday servicus, 11 a.m. and 7l!>0 p.iii .Sunday notion! immediately follow in j; morning service. W'dneBilay testimonial in iet ing, 8 p.m. Free reading room. 901-909 Birks Bids Bird, Macdonald & Co. BABBXSTEBS, SOLICITORS. ETO. 401-409 Metropolitan Bulldlni 837 Haatinga Bt. W. VANCOUVEB, B. 0. Telephone!: Sermour 9668 uA 6867 •WHEN IN TOWN STOP AT The Oliver Rooms 48^ CORDOVA STREET EAST Everything Modern KntcH Heawiimhle BANKING SERVICE THE UNION BANK OP CANADA, with its chain of branches across Canada, and its foreign connections, offers complcto facilities for taking oare of the banking requirements of its customers, both at home and abroad. uwnw Established 5* FRIDAY February 6, 1925 SEVENTEENTH TEAR. No. 6 BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST Vancouver, b.c. PAGE THREE Thoughts of a Nineteenth Century Thinker—"Glorious War Does Not Exist" [By Frances Wills.] "Today force is called violence, and begins to be judged; war Is arraigned. Civilization, upon the complaint of the human race, orders the trial, and draws up the indictment of conquerors and captains. The witness, History, is summoned. Thc reality appears. The brilliance is disr sipated. In many cases the hero ia but a species of assassin, The peoples begin to comprehend that increasing the magnitude of a crime cannot bc its diminution; that, if to kill is a crime, to kill much cannot be an oxtonuating circumstance; that, lf to steal Ik a shame, to invade cannot be a gloty; that Te Deiima do not count for much In this matter; that homicide l_ homicide; that bloodshed is bloodshed, that It serves nothing to call oneself Caesar or Napoleon; and that in the oyes of the eternal Ood the figure of the murderer is not changed because, Instead of a gat- low's cap, there Is placed upon his head an emperor's crown. * * * Let us dishonor war. Glorious war does not exist; il is not good, and It is not useful to make corpses. It cannot be that men should bo born, that people should plough and sow, that the farmer should fertilize the fields an dthe workman enrich ihe city, that industry should produce marvels, that genius should produce prodigies, that lhe vast human activity should, in presence of the starry sky, multiply offorts and creations, nil to rosult in that frightful International exposition which is called a field of battle." We shall all do well to remember these words of the great French writer. The now year 11.25 cnn bo made a better year for us all if wc boar In mind those truths that were uttered many years ago. And they who are proud to call themselves sons of Britain * * * and still there remains something to bo proud of in that name—In that nationality, ns Iu every other—and they would do woll to remember that Britain's honoi is nt slake in nunc tlmn one Issue at the present time, particularly as re gui'da those races that are realizing themselves und their possibilities. Freedom is supposed to be the greatest possession of tho British. Why then should thoy consider it a less precious possession of tho "subject" races. Surely to the peoples of India and Egypt and tho Soudan the wish for freedom and Justico must mean as much as freedom and Justice meant to thc English, oppressed by the foreign yoke of their overlords in the fat-off early and medieval periods of history. As to us who wage the economic struggle, wo, too, do well to bear in mind what Victor Hugo said: "If international wur is wrong and hor- rihle and futile, so is class-war." The desperation and chaos to which the present system is leading can never be cleared up by blind hostilities against we know not what. The fight that Is to bo waged if we workers arc ever to como into our own is against our own Ignorance and apathy and shortsightedness. So perhaps Hugo himself would havo told us had ho been with ub at this prosont crisis. He would have proclaimed the right of man to lifo, tho right of conscience to liberty, the sovereignty of reason, the holiness or labor and tho beneficence of peace. And, to use his own words, since "night has come to us from the thrones, light must come to us from tlio tombs." For wo have not outgrown much of tho wisdom of the past. Organic Evolution ARTICLE XVI. n. S. C. Premier Wellington COAL 1500 ths. lump, $0.50 1500 lba. egg $9.25 j. d. mcneill coal co. ltd 221 ABBOTT ST. Sey. 4288 Vancouver Unions ALLIED PRINTINO TRADES COUNCIL— Mei'tn aecond Mnmlar In tho month. Pro- ulilpnt, J, It. Wlitto: socreUry, R. H. Neel- „..<!- P O tlox ftfl. FEDERATED LABOR PARTY, Room Hini 9 p.'iitler St, Wnst—BuilnoM moetlngB every Wi iAnnid&y .< ven in if. A. Miolnnii, phuiriniin: E, H. Morrison, leMre-M,; Geo. 1). Hwrlmm, 11B2 Parkor Street, Vancouver. It I!., cnr res pu ml fn tt m-cntary. Any tiiRtrict In British Colombia d-pairin* Informntion re securing epeahem ur th« foi- iniitlon if local braluihea. kindly communicate wilh provincial SenrctHry J. Lyle Telford. 594 Rirku Klili:.. Vancouver, Q. 0. ToIp- j.Iir.no Soyinmir 11182, nr Hnyvlew r-*\ BAKERY BALEPMEN, LOCAL 371 — tfeeti second Thursday ovory month In Holden BulMing, Prosid.iit, J. nrlu'htwell; financial ■oorutnrjr, H. A, Bowron, 929— llth Avenue INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF Boilermakers, Iron MliiplmiMtra nml Hnlp- «r» of America, Local 104—Meetings flret mid third Monday's in each montb in Holden Building President, P. WIUIb; secretary, A. Fraaer, OfTiue hours, 0 to 11 a.m. and 8 to 5 I' '"■ - f'lViC KMPLUVEKS UNION—M^eta firat and third Fridays In each montb, at 445 Richards Street. President, David Cuthlll, 'jnr.2 Alb'-rt atreet! Beuretary-trntsurer, Ooo. Harrlsun, 11B2 Parkor Stroet [By Charles Hill-Tout, F. F. R. A. I., etc.] tAll Rights Reserved) [N THE LAST article we traced the evolution of the primitive chordates from aome early invertebrate sea-worm. In this article we are to onsider the first appearance of those unimals which link up the land vertebrates with the aquatic vertebrates —the Amphibia. These, as their name im plies, are creatures which live a double life, partly on the land and partly In the water. But we must exclude from this category all those warm-blooded lung-breathing animals such as seals, walruses, sea otters, etc. These present-day terrestrio - aquatic mammals, though popularly classed as Amphibia, are not so regarded an'd classified by zoologists. They are not what we have to consider here. They are examples of tho principle of "reversed evolution," of which there arc many Instances in the life-realm, of animals whose mammalian ancestors left a land existence for one in the water, impelled thereto, it may well be, by the fierce strugglo for terrestrial existence; just as in the palaeozoic age some of the aquatic invertebrates were forced to adopt a life on the land by reason of the intense pressure of the teeming, exuberant life in the littoral regions of the soas. They are not classed with the Amphibia proper. We mean by Ihut term here only vertebrates which breathe in the early stages of their lives by means of fish-like gills, and which generally later lose this method of respiration and iii-quire and breathe through lungs. The best-known members of this group arc thc frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, All these normally begin life in the water as fish-like animals possessing and breathing through gills after the manner of true fish, thereby plainly showing their aquatic origin and their genetic affinity lo the earlier water chordates. Between those well-known examples of tho Amphibia and tho gill- breathing fish, wo have a less-known, Intermediate type of Amphibia, from the study of whoso more rudimentary characters we can gather some very clear indications of how the lung- breathing vertebrates arose by progressive differentiation from the moro primitive gill-breathing chordates. These intermediate forms aro called Dipnoi, or lung-fishes, the term signifying "double breathers," or animals that breathe in two ways. They have both branchial (gill) and pulmonary (lung) respiration. Hence their namo. Great numbers of fossil fish of this kind are known to us; also a few living forms found in different parts of the world. Thc lungs of theso creatures art. transformations, it has heen found, of thoir sounds or swimming bladders. Theso are sac-like organs common to many kinds of flsh. They are filled with air, their principal function being to regulate the equilibrium of the fish's body in its native element. Ordinarily this sound Is a single sac, but in all the modern lung-fishes, with the exception of the Australian form, it is seen to double itself In the young fishes and develop into two primitive lungs. One Is not surprised lo find a single lung only in the Australian lung-flali. The fauna of this region is noted for thc prlml- tiveness of its types nnd we may conclude from this fact that the one- lunged fish of Australia represents an earlier and simpler form of th* Dipnoi than do the two-lunged fishes of other regions. Thc passage from the gill-breathing to tlio lung-breathing fishes was not the work of a moment. It was undoubtedly marked by many transitional phases and intermediate forms. It Is possible lo gather some idea of how the transformation came about by observing the habits and characteristics of such modern flsh as the migrating eel and others of thnt kind. Phis water-breathing animal is apparently ablo to carry on respiration f tlie water for a considerable time as it travels overland from one stream or body of water to another. Chore Is also a strange species of fish mown to us which at times leaves ita liitural habitat and by means of its peculiar spiky fins climbs trees. The modern bony pike and the cat-fish of India nre ablo also to use their suirn- blnddera aa auxiliary breathing organs. They occasionally come to tlio surface of the water and gulp in groat mouthfuls of air. Then there are l lie mud fishes, so- called from their habit of burrowing ENGINEERS — INTERNATIONAL UNION of Steam and Operating, Local 882— Meets every Wednesday at 8 p.m., Room Hue, Holden Mil.. President, Charles Price; tiusineHH /mnil and financial secretary, F. L. Hunt; recording secretary, J. T. Vonn, MUSICIANS' MUTUAL PROTECTIVE UNION, Local 145, A. V. ot M.—Meets In G.W.V.A. Auditorium, 901 Dunsmuir Street, aecond Sunday at 10 a.m. President, E- 0. Millor, 991 Nelson Streot; secretary, **. A. Jnmioson, 991 Nelson Street; financial seen* tary, W. E. Williams, 991 Nelaon Street; or«an Iter, F. Fletcher, 991 Nelion Street. FHE VANCOUVER THEATRICAL FEDER- ATION—Meets at 991 Nelaon Street, at 11 a.m. on tbe Tuesday preceding the 1st Sunday of the month. Preaident, Harry Pearson, 091 Nelson Stroet; Secretary. E. A. Jamie- aon, 991 Nelson Street; Business Agont, F. Fletcher, 991 Mellon St, TYPOORAPHIOAL UNION, Nn. 22«—Presl dent, R. P. Pettipiece; vice-pn-sident L P, Campbell; secretary-treasurer, B. H, hm* tanda, P. 0. Bm 6tt. M-Bufli last Suuday of eaeh month at 2 p.m. In Holden Building, 10 Hastings Street East. PRINCE RUPERT 'TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, No, 418—President, 8. D. Maedonald, eeeretarytreaaurer, 3. M. Campbell, p. O. Bot 689. Meeta last Tiaradey of eaeh month fthe heart of the Amphibia and the higher animals. With such evidence of progressive differentiation before us, then, it Ib not possible to doubt that this was the manner in which the evolution of the lung-breathing vertebrates came about. We know that the Cambrian^ Silurian and Devonian seas, and especially the latter, teemed with fish life. This was the age, par excellence, of fishes. The struggle, therefore of marine existence must have been exceedingly fierce and keen. The fish of the marginal zones would be forced into the adjacent swamps and marshes, of which there were many in those days, and such forms as were capable of making response to these new conditions of life would slowly adapt themselves, first to a marshy existence—sueh as has the present-day siren or mud-eel, with its single pair of short limbs and permanent external gills, or that most primitivo of the modern salamanders, the mud-puppy or water-dog, as it is variously called — and later, under still further pressure from behind, to life on the land. The period of transition probably occupied thousands of years, beginning in Upper Silurian times and con tinulng through the Devonian into the Carboniferous age. That such was the course of evolution we cannot doubt, for many of the major steps and stages have been stereotyped for us as we have seen, in those animals in which the transitional phases hnve become fixed and hereditary, such as tho Dipnoi, the siren and the mud-puppy. From observation of these we should expect the primordial Amphibians to resemble closely tbe commonest fish-like forms. This is exactly what the palnconlologlcal evidence reveals to us. The earliest known fossil Amphibians were those of small - bended, long - bodied, short - limbed, tall-propelling typos, represented by tlie mud-eel, newts and sal- anuinders of today. Confirming and reinforcing these facts in the most indubitable manner is the evidence from embryology. Here in the Indi vldual llfo-hfstory of the modern am phibian wo seo a fairly complete recapitulation of tho successive evolutionary phases displayed by the inter- mediate forms wliich bridge over the gap between tho lung-breathing amphibian and the gill-breathing fish. Let us dwell upon these phases for a moment; they are very instructive. All the Amphibia normally lay eggs in water. These hatch out there as do tho eggs of the fishes. The young take on a purely fish-like existence, breathing wholly through gills till they reach a stago of development when their amphibian metamorphosis takes place. They now gradually shed their fish-like characters and become lung-breathing, terrestrial animals. That the palaeozoic fishes possessed this power of adaptive response to changed conditions of life, we here suppose thom to havo shown, we cannot for a moment doubt. It is a common attribute of all organic forms, and that the same responsive power was passed on to their amphibian descendents becomes abundantly clear from thc extraordinary adaptive responses to environmental changes which some species of frogs, toads and salamanders make today. Normally these creatures return to the wnter—the ancestral habitat— for purposes of reproduction. This inherited habit is so deep-seated in their constitution that they depart from it only under very abnormal conditions. Lot us deal with the habits of the frogs first. Not all of these live the same kind of lives. Some are water-frogs and rarely take to tiie land. Others of the land species havo learned to climb and live in trees. These are thc tree-frogs, and 'they return to water only for breeding purposes. Other of the lund frogs do the same. But thero are some species which never return to tho ancestral element oven for reproductive reasons. They have become to all intents and purposes land animals. Ono of these, found In Chile, and known ns Darwin's frog, never lays its eggs In water. They are stored away by tbe male In his craaking-sacs, from whtch the young Inter emerge as fully-formed frogs, literally jumping oui of thoir parent's niouib. Still another method of depositing and hatching its eggs is that adoptod by one Of lho South American tree- frogs (Notot renin). This creature carries Its eggs in a pouch on its back until tbo young frogs tiro ready to leap out. A still moro novel method of even a more remarkable and decisive instance of the influence, external conditions may exercise upon the lives and habits of animals. There are two distinct species of this kind of batrachian, Salamander atra and S. maculosa. The present habitat of the former is a dry alpine ] region of relatively low temperature. The latter occupies a low region with plenty of water and a high temperature In the dry region of S. atra. we find the eggs are hatched out as land animals; there is no fl-^h or tadpole stage. In the wet region of S. maculosa, en the other hand, the embryos are less developed when hatched; they possess gills like fish, and complete their larval development as aquatic animals. Thus it becomes clear that each species adapts itself to its immediate environment. To illustrate how strong and active this adaptive power of a living organism is, we have only to transport S. atra to a wet region with a relatively high temperature, to see it return to the ancestral mode of developing its young. Under the new conditions of life, imposed by the change of location, it straightway deposits Its eggs In a less advanced state; with the [■onsequence that the young hatch out in the gill-bearing stage and complete their development in tho water in lhe same manner as do tho young of S. maculosa. Conversely, If we place S. maculosa under alpine conditions its eggs are not deposited until the embryos .have passed beyond the gill-bearing stage,- with the result that they are born as lung-breathing, laud animals. These instances of modification of habits and functions arc interesting not only as illustrations of the evolutionary history of the batrachia themselves, but also as instances of that adaptive power whii-h is the common possession of every organic form throughout the whole life-realm. So much for the evolution of the lunge of the Amphibia, but what o.f their penlndaclylic limbs? How did these arise? (iegenbaur, one of the most dis tinguished of the German compart, tive anatomists of the last century held and taught that the prototypi of the limbs or the land vertebrate; was to be found In the fins of the modern lung-fish of Australia—t Ceratodus. This view was accepted by biologists generally til) a second and different one was later put forward by a British scientist, Francis Balfour, a professor of animal morphology, at the University of Cambridge. His view is known as "The Lateral Fin Hypothesis." Under this conception the origin of the limbs of the land vertebrates Is based upon certain similarities in the paired and the unpaired fins of certain fishes. Tt is supposed that the paired (ins arose by the persistence of parts of what was originally a continuous fin along each side of tho body. Balfour attacked the problem from the embryological standpoint. IT found that the pectoral (fore) and pelvic (hind) fin rudiments were tn the earlier embryonic life of the flsh actually continuous with one another, nnd he drew from this discovery the conclusion that the limbs of the Amphibia, and consequently of all the land vertebrates, were remnants of these original, continuous i'ins. These two views shared the biological field betweon them until some more direct evidence later came In from palaeontological sources. This gave rise to n third view which more or less superseded the other two. Tin- discovery of primitive types of the fringe-finned, ganoid fish led to the belief, especially in palneoril'-Iogienl quarters, that this class of fish rather than the Dipnoi represented tho ancestral line of the Amphibia, and their fins the source of the Amphibian Mm lis. The fins of th.ese ganoids, with their spreading, fan-like fringe or (formal rays at their extremities, were seen to be stiffened and strengthened by cartilaginous rods. From these, by' modifications—induced b.v adaptive responses tn tlie change from existence in tl littoral zone to one in n muddy, shore zone—thero resulted ultimately the articulated, five- d'igited limbs of tbe Amphibia. Such fi radical transformation presupposes, j stretch of geologic kindred case of the represented in the axolotl, a tailed amphibian of the newt or lizard type, found today In Mexico. These creatures leave the tadpole stage of their existence seemingly very reluctantly; at times retaining their external gills throughout life. In appearance they resemble gigantic tadpoles some six to nine inches long, with gill-tufts stretching out some distance beyond the side of their necks. Kerr found similar structures in several genera of aquatic vertebrates, notably in the lung-fishes Lepidoslren and Pro- topterus; from which fact he drew the conclusion that these external gill-septa form a more primitive system of breathing than the system observed by Gegenbaur in Ceratodus of Australia, whose gill-septa are flush with its body. Pie claims that the physiological possibility of external gills evolving into limbs must be admitted without cavil. Limbs, he points out, are essentially projections of the body for support and propulsion. The balancers of Urodeles show us n form of external gill actually converted Into simple leg-like supports; and observation of the flicking movements of the external gills in the live animal, makes it fairly clear how they could be evolved into organs of propulsion. According to this viow the limbs of the land vertebrates were In their earliest phase styliform structures for pushing against solid objects, He further takes the view, in common with the majority of biologists, lhat the' primitive vertebrates, although aquatic in origin were not pelagic, but marginal animals. He regards the pelagic environment as ihe most homogeneous of all possible environments, tlie tendency of which Js to check- up or hinder variation. The marginal zone, on the contrary, Is the natural nursery or forcing ground for new types; and he locates in this zone Ihe home and scat of vertebrate evolution. He also takes occasion to point out that here we may perceive something of the process by which the limbs of the land animals arose by modification from these external gill-septa, by observing the young Lepidoslren today as he clambers about on his stylt-form, hind limbs. We see tho points of them bent over by die weight of the fish like a foot and other parts of them like incipient ankle- and knee-joints. Which of these two last views, both seemingly equally supported by material evidence, will ultimately pro- vail, or whether others still more plausible, will hereafter be put forward to take their place, remains yet to be seen, One thing, however, is quite clear and that is that these limbs, whatover their source, have been evolved, like the pulmonary organs of the Amphibia, from some earlier organ, by a slow and gradual transformation. The question of whether it was by way of tho gills or the fins is after all n relatively minor one. Tbe main point is that nobody who takes all tbe facts ot thfs transformation Into account, cnn have nny doubt that th' limbs of thc Amphibia arose originally In some such manner as is suggested by these hypotheses. We actually soe the sounds of the lung-fish undergoing transformation under our eyes today. We cannot therefore, consistently doubt that tlie limbs of those transltlonary forms arose in somo similar i THE WORLD RENOWNED Hudson's Bay "POINT" BLANKETS Are obtainable only at the Department Stores and Posts of this Company throughout Canada. They are pure wool, with a camel-hair f inish that makes them impervious to cold And dampness. For Prospector, Lumberman, the Auto and the Home—they are unparalleled. Made in Grey, Red, Khaki, White and Stripes. ATTRACTIVE PRICES 3-Point—Grey $10.50 3^-Pt—Grey $12.50 Khaki... $11.50 Khaki ...$13.50 Scarlet $11.50 Scarlet $13.50 White... $12.00 White... $14.50 4-Point—Grey. $15.00 4-Point-Scarlet $15.00 Khaki... $15.00 Green... $16.00 White and striped, $17.50 (_, incofromweo. .99 ■* nw i«ro f ■© VANCOUVER. B. 0. and burying themselves in the mud hatching its eggs is that followed by during the dry sensons, when the the Surinam toad. Thla animal press- waters in which they live evaporate ea ttrt Qgga by tho help of the mule nnd disappear. They are able thus to parent Into llllle pockets in the skin survive through long periods of|0f its \mQ\^ from out of which the drought. Many of thom have been uUie tojidH eventually emerge fully transported without Injury or Inconvenience to themselves from one part of tho globe to nnother wrapped merely in a coaling of mud. They stand midway between the ordinary water-breathing fishes and the Dipnoi. Their air-bladders are seen to be connected with their gullets by a permanent open duct, and they also have an unusual blood supply, by means of whicli they are able lo act as incipient lungs. From theso to the Dipnoi, or lung-fish propor, tho transition is easy, In the Dipnoi we find the air-bladder Is mueh more highly developed than In lhe mud fishes. Their nostrils, too, open directly into the mouth cavity, which is not tho caso with any other kind of flsh. They also possess a pulmonary artery and vein, and the auricle of tho heart Is partially divided Into two compartments, thus foreshadowing the two auricles characteristic of formed. That all theso batraohians, oi* rathor their ancestors, onco brought their offspring to maturity in the ordinary way ns young fish or tadpoles In a watery environment, becomes clear from the interesting and significant fact that wo sometimes find the eggs of thc tree-frog species developing into tadpoles, thus showing a reversion to the earlier ancestral mode of development, Wc can only regard the method* of rearing their young displayed .by these three batraohians as adaptive responses to alterations in their environment. There seems no othor reasonable wny of explaining changes of function and habit so deep-soatod and long-Inherited as these. The same conclusion Is again forced upon us when we observe what takes place among the salamanders, croatures of llzard-IIke characters. Here wo have ciscly this way was, we may, with our rapidly increasing knowledge of physiological processes and of primitive, fossil forms, hope to learn, beyond contention or doubt, before long. (To be continued) ltenl Comedy at Orphouni When the popular London actor- manager, Percy Hutchison, and his powerful company return to the Orpheum theatre, Vaneonver, on Monday, Fob. 9th, for three days, they will produce the farcical-comedy "Nightie Night" on the Monday and Tuesday evenings, and "Tlio Luck of the Navy" at the Wednesday matinee and evening performances. "Nightie Night" is the funniest play produced in modern times, it is a farce with ii prologue and three acts. Hs keynote is unrestrained laughter. Hilly Moffat, a young married man, meets Trixle, the wife of his old friend, Jimmie Blythe, in a Pullman ear, and discovers that Trixle has been twice married—first to a man who has died, leaving her wilh a little boy; and, secondly, to her old linnet Jimmio, whom she has kept in ignorance of her first marriage and IU issue. Fearful of the effect of hei silence, Trixle flees from JlnunU What "three hours alter marriage. With tm best intentions in tho world, Billy volunteers to set this matrimonial tangle straight, and ut once plunges Into a sea of troubles. His own wife becomes jealous. His brother-in-law adds to his woes by sub-letting Billy's flat to Trlxie, unknown to Billy. His wife resents the presence under her roof of a supposed rival. Then there Is Jimmie's vengeanco to be reckoned with, and, to cap all, Billy is under suspicion of being the father of the boy in the background. Wo have Trlxlo rushing about in the famous Black silk pyjamas, which became the vogue In London when the play was first produced thore. EVERY READER GAN HELP Every reader of The Federatlonist can render valuable assistance by renewing their subscriptions ns soon as tbey nro due, and by inducing nnother worker to subscribe. It does not take much effort to do this. Try It. HOUSE FOR SALE £tV70l-.,<n liTII AVE. E.—THREE ROOMS and bathroom; 66- ft. corner; terms monthly us rent. Apply Landa Dept., Wty Hall. >f courei o ! ime, iih in ll evolution of ll 'omul In ih. Upper illnn lines. Regard Betting r .1-1 ll origin of the iot dim. ill i fringe al tho > 111 I lie ■nn flnt. This I- reodllj IrelehlDK f Carbonlforout iv as piiKHibl*. nnil mode oj ii* limbs, il is j iv thla l'iiii-lili**j o tin oould ac: spreading f* •• er muddy su,* tn propel Its owner faces. Indeed, the ovidence In fuvi nf iiii.i view as sol forth i*y Pn Osborn, one of America's foromo authorities on Palaeontology, In 181 scorned to have definitely Bottled fi nil lime tlio quostion of He* direoll line of dcsconl of thc Amphlb|a, and I the mode of origin of their limbs. More recently, however, a new view hns in*.*n presonted by Prof. Oraham Korr. of Glasgow. This is known as "Thc External Olll Hypothesis." nnd is. ill a mensure. n return to the earlier views of Oegenliaur undor n modified form. Hoth views nre "glll- sepla" hypotheses, ono taking tho surface septa and tho othor tho external septa as the basis or starting points of their contentions. Kerr is an em* bryologlsl nnd naturally regards tho problem under Ils embryologieal as* poets. In his studies of archaic vertebrates he gave particular attention to thc breathing organs of Ihcse creatures. These organs are the gill arches which stand well out beyond thc surface of Ihe body nud lire known as "external gills." Thev also possess muscles by whieh thoy can be moved backwards and forwards. Wc find these external gills well B. C. FEDERATIONIST Official Organ of the FEDERATED LABOR PARTY OP BRITISH COLUMBIA Published in the Interests of All Workors rPHE party is desirous of making' what contribution it can to the betterment of society. It realizes that the most effective method to accomplish this end is by educating the masses through the medium of its press, and likewise the best literature procurable regarding thc Labor movement. There is no other means available to the workers to voice their opinions. Work with us to make The Federationist a mighty power for good in Vancouver and throughout British Columbia. Principles, not personalities, are alone desirable. Contributions for The Federationist are always welcome. Be brief and write on one side of the copy paper, Matter for publication should reach this office by Tuesday. Advertisements received up to Wednesday noon. You must have The Federationist in thc home each week to keep ill touch with the City, Provincial and Federal and International Labor Movement. Subscription Rate: United Stales and foreign, $2,50 per year, $1.50 for six months, i.00 per year; Canada, JOB PRINTING Estimates will be furnished on all kinds of work, gladly offer his services to those desiring them. Our solicitor will B. C. FEDERATIONIST 1129 HOWE STREET, VANCOUVER, B. C. PAGE FOUR SEVENTEENTH year. no. s BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST vANoonT-w. ac. FRIDAY February 6, 1926 Only $375 New Used l'lano Special $175 Our Used Snaps The Doherty Piano The most popular piano in the Dominion and most popularly priced. A standard make of over half a century— artistic and rich in tone. 'R^T'? Our price new, only *"" ** A Regular $450 Quality TOWNLEY & WARD, LTD. 443 Hastings Street West Near Richards Phone Bey. 2444 Woman and the Game of War Vaudeville at tlio Orpheum Leo Carrlllo, lato star of "Mike Angelo" and "Magnolia," and who was for years tho star of "Lombard!, Limited," one of the greatest ot Broadway successes, will be at the Orpheum theatre on February 12, 13 and 14, to present a great routine of dialect stories and imitations, including an Inlmltablg Chinese story, an exceedingly funny "wop" story about a baseball game and various otbers. A new offering in vaudeville dance and song is that of the Lorraine Sisters, assisted by Roy Sheldon and Billy Taylor. Their offering exceeds in class und brilliancy anything they have been seen in. By lhe simple application of her stenographic skill, Birdie Reeve, sixteen-year-old prodigy, keeps an audience "on their toes for fifteen minutes." She is the world's champion typist and speller, possesses a vocabulary of R4.000 words and is a lexicographer with few erniiils. Leon Kimberly and Helen Page have produced a real little novelty skit called "The Heart Broker." It is expert advice to the lovelorn—but the advice is not to be TENDERS FOR VALVES THE undersigned will receive tenders up to 12 o'ciook noon, Tuesday, Fobrunry the 10th next, for tho -supply ol tho following : 26 8-lnch Volves. 25 8-lnch Valves. 25 12-Inch Valves. All for cast-iron pipe. Pull particulars and specifications can ho obtained at the office of the City Engineer. JAMES 8TDART, Purchasing Agent NOTIOE TAKE NOTICE that the Annual General Meeting of the shareholders of the Central Oity Mission Ltd. will be hold at 233 Abbott, in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, on Monday, 16th day of Feb., 1925, at tho hour of 8 o'clock p.in,, for the purpose of electing directors and offlcors for the ensuing year, receiving of nn- nual reports and transacting Buch other business as is usually trnnimctcd nt the annual general mooting of a company. DATED ot Vancouver, this 15th day of Jan., 1925. E. BROWNLOW, ' Socrotary. taken seriously 'but humorously. Lorin Rakin and Company have a novelty act thnt always creates plenty of amusement. Robin and Hood present an artistic treat, which is something new in vaudeville, not because Us artistic, but from a novelty angle. The Australian Mendozas, Achgps Fables, Topics of the Day nnd tlie Orpheum Concert Orchestra com plete the bill. WOltkl Its ANI> WORKING (By J. C. Harris, British Columbia.) "He that will not work, neither shall he eat." Let tliem shout produce, produce, We will answer, "What's the use?" The bird that laid the golden egg Was nothing hut a goose. The important thing to know Before our crops we grow Is who's to get the benefit? And where the crops will go? There are deadheads all around, As we farmers ol't have found, Who contrive to get the very best That grows upon the ground. Then let us all unite To down each parasite, From the cutworms to the gentlemen Who prove that black is white. Wc shall conie into our own, When the frauds are overthrown, And the once despised producers Are seated on the throne. The old Gospel of St. Paul Would make all frauds look small, And the land hog and thc plutocrat They wouldn't eat at all. Let us make them do their bit, As is only just and fit. By conscripting all to labor, Till the slackers show their grit. Then our Cannda will be Truly happy, great and free; And our country lead all others In the fight for liberty. Get your workmate to subscribe for rhe FederationiBt. Dr. Gallant, Chiropractor, 712 Robson THE CHOICE OF THE UNIONS CATTO'S VERY OLD HIGHLAND WHISKY THOnOUGHLY MATURED—ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR BRANDS AT THE GOVERNMENT STORES GOLD LABEL 15-YEAR-OLD Ask for CATTO'S. l*'oi* salt' nt all Government Liquor Stores T_if advertisement ie Dot published or displayed by the Liquor Control Botrd or by the Government of British Columbia -CARDS FOR- WHIST DRIVES GET YOUR OFFICIAL PROGRESSIVE WHIST SCORE CARDS, (16 or 25 games), ONE DOLLAR ($1.00) A HUNDRED, AT Cowan Brookhouse, Ltd* 1129 HOWE STREET Phones: Sey. 7421, 4490 Five Hundred Score Tablets, 20c each Court Whist Cards, ISc per dozen; $1*25 per 100 Fresh Cut Mowers, I'mieritl Designs, Wedding Bouquets, Pot Plums, Ornamental anil Shade Trees, Seeds. Bulbs, Florists' Sundries Brown Brothers & Co. Ltd. I'l.OltlSTS AND NURSERYMEN 4—STOKES—4 ,o n..lln«i Street East Sey. 988*872 085 OranvUle Street Sey. 9513*1391 lti Mt&l «»•? W.S Sey. 1370 1047 Oeorgia Street West S.y. 74U "SAT IT WITH PLOWEBS" Burns' Anniversary (Continued from page 1) STOVES AND RANGES, both malleable and steel, McClary's, Fawcett's, Canada's Pride, installed free by experts; satisfaction guaranteed. Cash or $2.00 per week. Canada Pride Range Company Ltd. 346 Hastings Street East Sey. 2399 [By MBS. BOSE HENDEESON.] rf~Vi— picture presented by lln.' militarists to the world today, \J seven years alter "the war to end war," is a terrible one, hourly grows more menacing. The issue is clear, challenging nnd distinct tn women. The ijuestion before tliem now is: What shall we do to save our boys flesh of our flesh, bone of our bone—from being slaughtered in thc "next war"? How can wc stay this holocaust of death from overtaking and entrapping our innocent lads? How can we stay this "profitable industry of war"? How can we thrust out these blind statesmen, these vicious old diplomats, these despoilers of life, beauty and treasure, who led us into lhe last war and who are today planning and prating about the next war"? This is the ringing challenge of Hie youth of the world to their mothers. This is thc question the women must set themselves to solve lest they betray their dead and condemn the living through their ignorance and indifference to death, to the lowest of all games "the game of war." Woman and War—The Next War lf the women of the world are ever to organize themselves or their children for peace, they must become conscious of the forces making for war. So far, peace societies have been dealing with this question— the most diabolical of all crimes against mankind—from the sentimental point of view. Approaching it iu a "diplomatic way," courting the approval of "leading citizens," being careful not to antagonize," and always declaring their loyalty to "Empire," "Republic" and "Flag," indirectly influencing "representative people." I do not question thc sincerity of such people. 1 have met and talked with many sueh men and women, and onc and all convey the impression of sincerity and devotion to the cause of peaee. But devotion aud sincerity is not enough. A mother may be a devoted slave lo her child, yet see it die by inehes because she lacks the knowledge of child welfare and fails to understand ils needs and constitution. Likewise, a mother, through her ignorance, may feed her children a mental poison which may be the cause of sorrow down lo the "third and fourth generation." The ignorance of women combined with the ignorance and greed of man, hourly dig pilfalls lor the race. If woman, the life- giver, would eease to be the co-partner of man in his destruction of life, she must arm herself with knowledge, demand lhe righl to question his authority to decide wor, tu squander aud destroy the life which she went into the shadow anil valley of death to bring forth. Too long have women been fed on the romance, lhe glory, the redeeming virtues of war. Too long have the realities of war been hidden from them under a mess of hypocrisy and lies. Too long have the moans of the dying been drowned by the din of martini music, and the scars of body and soul covered up under the gaudy uniform, the gold lace, plumes and medals. Too long have men fooled and flattered women into the belief that they were fighting for their honor, thcir home, their God, when in reality they were fighting for oil wells, coal fields, markets and "spheres of influence" over "backward peoples." lf women would be thespirit of life, light and truth, wliich they were destined to be, they must no longer be fooled by illusions, misled by catch phrases, deceived by speculators, cajoled by politicians and lulled into a "God's-will-be-done" attitude by ministers of tbe Gospel. Keepers of the kingdom of heaven who blaspheme lhe very name of Christ by thcir words and deeds in time of war. Flower of Manhood Sacrificed Women must scorn to accept lhe sacrifice of millions of the flower of the manhood of tbe world in the name of tlieir "honor," 'homes" and "Qod." The cost lo the world i'or generations to conic is too great a priee; besides, when analysed, this is also found o be but one of the illusions and catch phrases of the war mongers. Instead of war protecting women, it poisons and befouls the very air tbey breathe. It desecrates all that is noblest, it robs them of home ond security of the love and companionship of father, husband, lover and son. ft spreads disease, famine and desolation in its tracks. Its law is the law of the jungle. It rapes, robs, burns, plunders, poisons and lays waste all thai conies within reach of ils firey breath and cloven hoof. Reluctantly women have been compelled to faee the questions poverty, prostitution, unemployment and infant mortality. She would fain have left these questions lo men, but having proven their indifference and inability to solve them, she now joins with him in politics, education and industry lo remove these enemies of her home and children. Resolutely, fearlessly, she must now face lhe causes of war, or see the race exterminated. Men assert that during Hie war women were fiercer in Iheir passions, stooped to meaner and cruder methods of attack, and were more relentless in their desire for revenge against lhe "enemy" than were the men. Scarcely anyone able lo retain tlieir sanily during lhe war and watch the effect of its psychology on women will dispute this accusation. In times of peace, at best, women are, witli notable exceptions, but the echo, lhe product of man's laws, man's morally, man's education, political, industrial and religious institutions. lu lime of war when the world goes mod, when all restrictions are let down, when men mock and laugh at their own moral and ethical codes, when the only appeal is lo woman's primitive emotions, nnd she is swept into every excess. She becomes the blind, senseless Idol of lhe blind, senseless men, whom she has endowed wilh life and who rule the world. Men who march in their millions lo fighl unknown enemies, ami lo fill unknown graves, because someone lobl thoill so lo do. Woman's "because," in face of male logic, is reason indeed. Men are ignornnl because women are ignorant. Men nre slnves because tin* creatures who gave tbem birth nnd trained Ihem arc slaves, anil the human race must remain in ignorance and slavery so long as woman are looked upon as inferiors and do nol lake their full responsibility wilh man I'or lhe welfare of the race. Woman Bears the Burden Woman bears Ihe burden of lhe race in times of peace, as well as in limes of war. She bears not arms nor does she destroy armies, but she bears and nurtures the armies, both industrial and military, before, during and after tin* war. The war to end war is snid to have required: 10,000,001) soldiers killed. 20,297,551 wounded. 30,000,000 died from wnr causes. 34,000,000 famine-stricken children. And a world-wide epidemic of influenza, killing 6,000,000—not counting the 8,000,000 iu India, victims of influenza, and those who have died since peace was declared from cholera, typhus, famine block* ades, civil wars and malnutrition. The life-blood: yea. life itself, of some woman was given to bring forth and nurture lliese millions, lhe victims of man's ruthless folly. Given not in lhe cause of freedom, but in thc cause of mammon. What a waste of woman's life; what a waste of love; what a waste of labor and sacrifice; what a toll; what a condemnation of man's religion, morality and government! The war claimed, says one journal, 10,000 miles of dead. Another presents the following picture—a march of the dead down Fifth avenue, New York: "Al daybreak Ihey start, twenty abreast. Until sundown they inarch . . . and Ihe next dny, nnd the next, nnd the next. For ten dnys Ihe British dead pass in review. For eleven days more the French dead file down 'the Avenue of the Allies.' For the Russians it would require the daylight of five more weeks. Two months and a hnlf would be required I'or Ihe Allied dead to pass a given point. The enemy dead would require more than six weeks. For four the oppressor was sufficient to arouse his passionate protest. He spoke out, and in doing so, deserves more credit than he has ever received. There are those of his commentators who helleve that he ought to have remained silent. They did not know Robert Burns! More than his indignation at the treatment of tho American colonist, was his grief that his nativo land was an associate in the deed wliich saw the Jealous Bngllsh home llnk'd with such damned deeds of everlasting shame. Without counting of the consequences the poet hurst into the only reproachful words he ever addressed to his native country. Thee Caledonia, they wild heaths among, Famed for Lhe martial deed, the heaven taught song; To thee I turn with swimming ayes. Where is thut soul of freedom fled, Immingled with the mighty dead, Beneath the hallowed turf where Wallace lies, Hear it nol, Wallace, in thy bed of death Ve babbling winds In silence sweep Disturb not ye the hero's sleep Nor give the coward secret breath. Dispeace followed and his no doubt expressed regrets but it is significant that he dared say no more. In a lettor referring to an offer made by Mr. Perry of the Morning Chronicle, he said. "Nay, lf Mr. Perry—whose honor .after your character of him, 1 cannot doubt, will find me an ad dress safe from spies. I will now and then send him nny bagatelle that T may write." Thus has truth and honor ever been suppressed even to tho present day! Here we have an Insight into one of the phases of Burns' work which it remains for generations ycl unborn to thoroughly appreciate. We have thousands of orations to the memory of Burns the poet of nature, of patriotism and of brotherhood, but it is no', yet generally realized that lie stood for something more lhan patriotism, he stood for a standard of national and Intel-national honor. There has been no attempt to bring to the light of dny, tlio figure of Mums the reformer, who tho' loving his country, yet darod lo say her policies were wrong in waging war on a free people, and who had courage to say "may our success in the present wnr be equal to the justice of our causo." His last duys were contemporary witli tho real beginning of the reform movement In Scotland, and while the leaders were being transported to Botany Bay, he was at handgrips with poverty and wns effectually silenced, but who shall say that he did not lay the foundations for the growth of our national liberty to what lt will some day be, when ho ■first discovered the rights of the plain people. Por whnt ho did, for what he made it possible for us to do, for what will be done in days to come, for liborty, for honor, nnd for the brotherhood of man, we in our day still pay him homage and when the day comes, when mankind shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears Into* pruning hooks, the spirit which will animate them in that final adventure, will be that which dominated Robert Burns, the Ayrshire ploughman. His message is with us today. His finger still points forward. Fain would we see its consummation but lo deny its practicability is rankest heresy. For a' that and a' that, Us comln' yet for a' that, That man to man the warld o'er Shall blithers be." LETTEKSTOB J THEfEB Nanaimo-Wellington | COAL I j /tfany/riends j . \%*ehavewoiv- jl \withour, I ]full-weight kA [The opinions and ideas expressed by correspondents are not necessarily endorsed by The Federatlonist, and no responsibility for the views expressed ls accepted by the management.] I*hrii\*_r.s' Conference Editor, B. C. Federationist: Next week there is to be a farmers' conference in Vancouver, Probably we shall hear again a reiteration of the o]d remedies for their woes and solemn discussions thereon—tariffs, railway rates, buying of Canadian goods, immigration, taxation, appeals to government, etc., etc. What I would like to see done is this: Reprint the six articles recently published In the Federntlonist "on the Farming Solution," by Mr. G. F. Stirling, in tho form of a pamphlet and present it to them, and let them read, discuss and digest it at their conference. In these articles the author states the plain, unvarnished truth as to the cause of the farmer's \\-ons, and every farmer at the coming conference will agree with him. The remedy and the only remedy for then, he has also clearly outlined and lt Is here whore enjightonment is noedod. If the coining assembly of farmers would devote tho whole of the thre flays to tho consideration of those ar tides, if it did not nt once relievo them of Iheir woes it would at lenst show thom tlio path they will have Ultimately to take to find that reliof, and thetr time and monoy would not he wasted as it probably will be. That their wives at loast nood this enlightenment, was clearly demon stralerl at a recent conference of country women connected with tho Vomer's Institutes, who. after many j prom lades much fluttering, solemn uonfa'bs, crood graciouslng and other weak and gentle femino expletives, appointed a city lady, resident of a elly flat, who had probably never grown a turnip in her life to bo Provincial Convener of Agricultural for P. C, hut who hold hor audiences spellbound by her eloquence in relating how she has been the moans of selling a few pounds of chutney for a former's wife. NRMFRIR. Vancouver. P. C. Fobrunry A, 1 f>25. Tlie Foderationist i_ out to hell the workers. There is no noblei work. Join us in the light. Get your friends to subscribe. Mo who makes himself hated has everything to fear.—Plato. Charity suffereth long, but not so long as he who live on it. DH. FOUSYTHE, PALMER GRADUATE Chiropractor, 700 Dnn<*muir St.; 10 till fl, Sey. 0708. Evgs. by uppt.; Sunday*, 8 till 4 killed in tlie war, passing steadily' twenty months men acti abreast " Reflect, oli, mothors of lho world, reflect! These are your children, your men, your boys, the babes you have put to bed and pulled tbe covers over, a thousand limes pelted, and nursed, and fed, and brought up to be men. The human bossoms of love for whom you have scrimped and saved and worked to give a trade, profession or a better education ho tbat they hughl have a botter opportunity in life than their forebears had. (To be continued) LESLIE'S BOOTLESS COAL $10 Per Ton "ALL-WHITE HELP" Leslie Coal Co. Ltd. 04*1 BEACH AVE. Phoue: Seymour (1108-1528 WEAR- LECKIE SHOES They are made of first quality leathers on comfortable good fitting lasts. For WorJ_ or dress At all leading Shoe Stores. J. LECKIE CO. Limited MUSICIANS' UNION LABEL B CANADA nnd It. S. _\. ^ Union MustciansEmpIoyed Exclusively i iksm*t*_*sfc*»w-__*r-_?^_5^.«-V-«i LEND YOUR PATRONAGE TO THB MUSICIANS' LABEL. Workfrs! Support Your Own Press! START THE YEAR RIGHT •£Y O FREQUENTLY we hear workers complaining about the injustice of " the "daily" or "capitalist" press, and about how unfair it is toward the cause of labor—and yet they continue to give their hard-earned money to perpetuate that institution. YOUR OWN OPPRESSORS The capitalist press today is thriving on the one and five-cent pieces of thoughtless—or ignorant—workers, while their own press has to straggle against long odds in its efforts to serve them. Why be your own oppressors? Why serve in the ranks of the enemy? THE REMEDY IS SIMPLE If you are desirous of improving your own condition, and that of your fellowmen, then support the press that is honestly endeavoring to fight your battle for you. That is the very least you can do for your own cause. BE A "REAL" BOOSTER FOR LABOR Show your own sincerity of purpose and willingness to serve by subscribing for The Federationis*.—the workers' friend. Pass your copy on to some fellow-worker after you have read it. Urge him to subscribe. Help The Federationist in its fight for the emancipation of mankind. The greater our circulation, the more effectual will our efforts be. Apathy and indifference on the part of the workers is more to be feared than the antagonism of the forces of reaction. Be true to your cause! Help boost your own press. B. C. FEDERATIONIST Official Organ of the Federated Labor Party (ft-'
Publisher changes in chronological order: Vancouver Trades and Labour Council (1912) ; The B.C. Federationist, Ltd. (1912-1915) ; The B.C. Federationist, Limited (1915-1922) ; The B.C. Federationist (1922-1923) ; The British Columbia Federationist (1923-1925).
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