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rk^_^l_a?4 THE BRITISH* COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST nmn.A,i,t m^.iS% amnmTnm& .^». ' niqtTnrAT. Pi l>RR , VANflflllVRB TRADES AND LaBOU nfllTNfill. ANI1 H 0 OT!TW!S i TTnW fl> I. .BOB .^. «,,»««,. mnr . nnn., HJDUSTEIAL Uip? tf STBENOTtf. . <■'.' i ;,'A*1 OFMCIAL PAPEB: VANCOUVEB TBADES AND'§ABOR COUNCIL AND B.O. PEDEBATION OP LABOB EIGHTH ^R, No. 6 VANCOUVER, B. C, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11,1916 POLITICAL UOTTT: TIOTOBTI CcBTgg). $1.50 PER YEAR SPPiH BY J. H. McVETY ON WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION A MODERN WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT has been the one aim and object of organized labor in British Columbia for the past thirteen years, dating from the passage of the present workmen's compensation act, introduced in the provincial legislature by Mr. J. H. Hawthomthwaite, then socialist member for Nanaimo riding. Practically no* progress was made until 1913. At the Victoria convention of the B. C. Federation of Labor in that year, the question was discussed from every angle, and finally a special committee was named to go into the subject. In due course the committee presented! the views of organized labor to a Labor commission, which was appointed by the government in 19^4 to investigate labor conditions generally, resulting in a recommendation by that committee for a new act, moro in keeping with industrial conditions throughout the province. This, coupled with the renewed efforts of organized labor, resulted in a draft act being introduced at the 1915 session of the house, patterned somewhat after the new Ontario act, and in this connection the attorney-general promised that all parties would be given a chance to suggest amendments prior to its enactment into lftw. In fulfilment of this promise, Mr. A. V. Pineo of the attorney-general's department was named as chairman of an investigation committeo to seek further information from continental sources. Mr. David Robertson was appointed as representative of the employers on the commission, while Mr. Jas. H. McVety was elected by the Vancouver convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, last September, to represent Labor interests, at the request of the attorney-general, out of a field of four contestants for the position. This committee spent some two months in its work, and is now preparing a report for presentation to the government. The recommendations of the committee will be incorporated in what will be practically a new act, which will be enacted into law, it is promised, at the session of the house next month. For these reasons the address of Mr. McVety last Sunday evening before the People's Forum, Labor Temple, dealing with the subject, should be very much in ordter. Mr. McVety's Address. Ladies and Gentlemen: I'find some difficulty, owing to a little natural modesty, in trying to live up to the reputation tho chairman has given me, as an authority on tho subject of Workmen's Compensation, considering the amount of liternture which is already extant on the subject, and considering the lifo study of many prominent and educated men—which makes it difficult for me to attempt to reach anywhoro near the heights you have been promised. Premier Bowser's Promise. Ttfe promise of the Hon. W. J. Bowser, prime minister of the province of British Columbia, to put into law a workmen's compensation act for this province, at the forthcoming session, makes the subject one of topical interest at this time. Workmen generally, considering that there is probably no class in the community that is, or should be, so vitally interested in the subject, take altogether too litle interest, not only insofar as it affects the workers of the province of British Columbia, but as it affects tho workers throughout the entire Dominion of Canada, and the United States of America. A Complex Subject. In thinking over what I should say to you on this subject, I came to tho conclusion that it was a most difficult matter to decide just where to Btart. To touch the subject of workmen's compensation in any one country involves reference to similar legislation in other countries, and I came to the conclusion finally that the best and most successful way to enable an audience to understand the subject would be to take it up, in an historical manner, and give a resume from tho beginning. Inception of Machine f\ge. To do that requires some little consideration of the remedies open to workmen prior to the enactment' of workmen 'b compensation acts in any of the various countries of the world, and tho original remedy—the remedy that grew up in the days of primitive industry, when manufacturing, such litle as thore was, waB carried on with hnnd tools, where the workman worked with the master and often in his. own house or in Mb own premises, and whore the number of accidents that have later resulted from the introduction of machinery and newer and faster methods were comparatively few. Within Oonanes of British, Empire, In the remarks I have to make tonight I am going to endeavor to confine them as nearly ns possible, to within the British empire* itself, but no history of the subject would be complete without at' least a brief survey of its history in the German empire, where workmen's compensation, as we havo it today, had its inception, so that as I follow the subject along I will go from Britain over into Germany, and possibly back again, once or twice. The change from one country to another will be necessary in order to mention historical facts in chronological order. The "Oommon Law." The common law, as we know it, Ib a remedy that is still in existence in this country and in all parts of the British empire, and is based on an implied contract of the mastor to furnish safe appliances and a safe place for his workmen to work in. In the event of the employer not furnishing this safe place, it is held under the common law he is negligent, and under the common law of this country, and of the British empire generally, a workman can sue for unstated damages—taht is to say, the only limit to the damages is the amount the- jury will assess. MuBt Prove Negligence. In order to recover under common law, tho employer, as I have stated, . must have been found to have been negligent; the workman must not have contributed to the accident by his own negligence, and if an employer can show that a workman has been injured through assuming a risk that ho knew of, that la a successful defence under common law, insofar as a workman is concerned. Privy Council Decision in 1837. As far back as 1S37 an entirely new defence was provided for the employers under common law, by a decision of the judicial committeo in the house of lords known as the privy council, in Priestly vs. Fowler. In this case Fowler was in the butcher business, and he employed butchers and a driver boy. One of the 'butchors, whose name was Priestly, wbb Injured. The privy council decided in . favor of the employer, because they said the accident was due, not to the negligence, of the employer, but to the negligence of a fellow servant, and that is the foundation of what is known as The Negligence of Fellow Servants] Defence." So, under tho common law an employer had throe defences: 1. Negligence of fellow servants. 2. The assumption of risk. 3. That the workman had contributed to the accident by his own negligence. Damage Recoveries Small. Now, Mr. J. Harrington Boyd, one of the greatest experts on insurance and compensation in this country, has stated that under common law only 8 per cent, to 10 per cent, of injured workmen ever recovered any damages whatever, and he goes further,,and says that if all these defences (the three I have mentioned) were removed only some 12 per cent, could hope to succeed against the employer. So you will see that common law, while it might havo been good enough in days of primitive industry, after the introduction of machinery and the introduction of corporate existence in manufacture, where the employer no longer worked with the workmen, and where supervision was delegated to a foreman and supervisor,'if was almost impossible to succeed under common law in any case of injury. A Stated Case. I will give you one illustration: We will assume an accident occurred at Port Moody on the C. P. B., and a workman, or a number of workmen, were killed in a wreck. If the company can show that the wreck was caused by the negligence or failure to carry out instructions of a train des- fmtcher, who might be located at Kum- oops, and whom the trainmen killed had nover seen, that is a sufficient defence and the workmen can not recover, So the negligenco of fellow servants was a most far-reaching decision, and it makes it practically impossible, even today, for a workman to recover under the common law in a majority of instances in cases of death or injury on a railway. Germans Led the Way, The opinions on the subject of the rights of workmen to recover for injury have changed with the changes in tho industrial process, and right here it may be as well to give credit where credit is due, and say that the Germans have always been at least fifteen or twenty years in advance of the British in the matter of changing the forms by which workmen might recover damages for injury. While this new defence to which I have referred,'' the Negligence of Fellow Servants" only came into being in the British empire in 1837, we find Prussia abolished that defence in 1838, so that aB far back as 1838, Prussia, as an integral part of the German empire, had wiped out the defence of negligence of fellow servants, although that defence still remains good in every part of the British empire insofar as actions brought under common law are concerned. In Prussia in 186-1. In 1854 Prussia compelled employers to pay one-half of the benefits to work men, who had organized themselves into benefit associations, nnd the workmen were by various acts in 1845, 1849 and 1854, encouraged and practically instructed to organize themselves into guilds and into various associations that had for their principal purpose tho providing of sick benefits or accident benefits in case they were injured. First Employen' Liability Act. In 1871, the German empire passed the first Employers' Liability act, in which they Btruck out tho '' negligence of fellow servants" and the "assumption of risk" defences—the only one remaining to the employer being thnt of contributory negligence. British Agitation ln Early Seventies. In the British empire, however- speaking now more particularly of England, Scotland and Ireland—the workmen, with the changing forms of production, and the introduction of machinery, carried on unceasing agitation during the early seventies against the common law defences, and particularly against the defence introduced in 1887. So insistent did they become—and in passing it may be as well to Bay that the large manufacturers had not at that time obtained any strong footings in the legislative bodies in England—that tho control of the legislature was then and for many years afterwards largely in the hands of the. landed class or what are known as "conservatives"—the "liberals" representing the industrial and manufacturing class, had not yet attained any great strength—so that the efforts of .the workmen to secure changes in the legislation met with a pood deal more support because the clnss that was in control was giving something that cost; it nothing and compelling a growing class, growing in political strength, compelling it tb ' km WEEKLY VARIORUM OF A. V. PINEO Chairman of the investigating committee, appointed to secure information and advise British Columbia government on Workmen's Compensation act, along with Mr. David Robertson, who represented the employers, and Mr. Jas. H. McVety, who was selected by the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, to care for the interests of wage-workers. The Gospel of Preparedness Emanates (from War Contractors Relation of Drink to Mental Alertness in Condition of Workers pay, or to weaken it's position politically by opposing this legislation that was being sought by the workmen. Definite Measures from 1878. In 1878 the workmen of Great Britain petitioned the house of commons to appoint a committee to investigate the whole subject of common law, and they sought at that time to have the "assumption of risk" and "fellow servant" defences abolished. Passed Act in 1880. In 1880, following the report of this royal commission, which had investigated the matter, the British houso of commons passed the Employers' Liability act, and1 that act remains substantially in effect to the present day. Then Germans Investigated. In the meantime, the Employers' Liability act, which had been passed in the German empire in 1871, had not been satisfactory to eithor employer or employee. Both sides were dissatisfied, nnd the agitation among members of the working class seemed to have grown apace. Messrs. Frankel and Dawson, two of tho ablest men on the subject of I workmen's compensation in the world, made an investigation of the subject thore, as to tho origin of workmen's compensation acts, and they have this to.say: "Although this liability law was a step in advance, it satisfied neither employer nor employod. Outside the field of railroad accidents, the heavy burden of proof was still on the person seeking rodress. The result was an ever- increasing number of law suits which seriously embittered relations between cmploj'ers and employed, and in most cases frustrated the beneficent purposes of the law. The inability of irresponsible employers to pay the indemnity often compelled tho applicant to apply for public or private charity. More serious still, was the absence of compensation for the vast number of injuries caused by the inevitable risks involved in modern industry. This unsatisfactory situation led to the compulsory insurance laws which will be referred to in subsequent pages in the order of their enactment. "Tho plan of obligatory insurance appears to have originated with the socialists. Led by Dr. Schaeffle, a growing party had for years urged the establishment of such insurance by legislation. Fortunately many distinguished economists, as woll ns the great body of the people fell in with the idea. Socialism was growing apace. From only 125,000-adherents in 1872, it had increased its numbers to nearly half a million five years later. Repressive legislation could not check the growth of discontent; and Bismarck, although at first not inclined to an obligatory system, later adopted the suggestion of his political antagonists. "In advocating it, he said that workingmen must be led by visible statutory advantages to consider the stnte not only as an institution for the protection of tho wealthier classes, but as caring for their interests as well. Tho fear thnt socialism would thus be introduced into legislation, shonld not be allowed to hinder the adoption of the plan. The .entire undertaking was nothing new; it was only a modern political development based on practical Christianity. "Accordingly the first compulsory insurance meaBuro was presented by Bismarck to tho reichBtag early in 1881. This wns an entoring wedgo and wns limited to accident insurance. It provided that all proprietors of mines, factories, etc., bo required to insure their workmen and other employees against occupational accidents, either in an imperial insurance department or in-mutual associations of employers. Private companies were excluded. "Both employers and employees were to contribute and a Bubaidy was to be paid out of imperial funds. The reich- stag assented to the principle of obligatory insurance, but refused to vote financial support; it also desired to substitute separate departments for the kingdoms, respectively, instoad of having one imperial department. Theso amendments wero rejected by the government .and matters were for a while ut a standstill. ''Tho good offices of Emperor William were thon invoked, and hia famous message to the reichstdg of Nov. 17, 1881, made his position uhmistaknbly clear. If thero had boon previous doubt as to his attitude, none could now exist; ho was obviously heart and soul in sympathy with the programme of his chancellor. He snid in part: " 'Wo consider it our imperial duty to impress upon the reichstag the necessity of furthering tho welfare of tho working people. Wo should review with increased satisfaction the manifold successes with which the Lord has bios- Bed our reign, could wo carry with us to the grave the consciousness of leaving our country nn additional and lasting nBBuranco of Internal peace, and tho conviction that we have rendered the needy thnt assistance to which thoy aro justly entitled.'Our efforts in this direction are certain of the approval of all the federate governments, and we confidently rely on the support of the Continued on page Two.) . [By W. M. C] The full suffrage countries of the world are Norway. Iceland, Isle of Man, New Zealand, Australia and Finland, * (which has thirteen women members of the diet). Lately in New Zealand 25,000 Maori women jumped from savagery to suffrage. We often hear the phrase, "Poor, but honest." It would be more in keeping with the' times if it were changed to "Rich, but honest." Here iB another "cause of the war." Professor Hans Delbpuck says:- "The cause of the war was the prevention of a German colonization plan by the European powers." Button, button, who's got the button! The Bottomless Abyss. In the last fifteen years the United States naval appropriation was $1,629,- 000,000. And then,- according to all reports, they only have a "tin pot" navy. The question is, "What constitutes 'preparednessf' " Germany, Russia and France, with their millions of trained soldiers; and Britain, with the largest navy in the world, were totally unprepared. If the last man, and the last dollar were cast into the maw of the military, it would still gape unsatisfied. Beaumarchais said of the feudal nobles that '' They wero rewarded for being born.'' And we pay the reward. Remembor the eleventh commandment: "Let nothing be stolen from you!" Also remember what, Thoreau said: "Cease to gnaw that crust; there is ripe fruit over your head." While we hear much of the "Malthu- sian theory" nowadays, it may be well to remember that the first edition of Malthaus' book on population contained little else but extracts from the works of Sir J. Stewart, and, in a less degree, from thoso of Wallace and Townsend. In other words, Malthus was of the genus plagiarist. In the early day* of the- American colonies, the United States of today, a delegation from Virginia, asking for a college, were told by Attorney-General Seymour, "Souls! damn your souls; grow tobacco!" Are the Workers Boozers? While prohibition but little concerns the affairs of the workers as a class; there is one thing which may be said in its favor, 'and that is, that a sober working clnss can think a little clearer than a drunken one. It may be accepted aa axiomatic that a booze-soaked bruin is incapable of calm reflection on any subject, except as to tho ways and means of obtaining "another one." By the closing of the cornor saloon, quite a percentage of the workers will find their favorite irrigating haunts no longer available for the discussing and solving of the universal riddlers, and will thus become latent forces for propagandists to act upon. This may, or may not, be so; but thero is no harm in being an optimiBt, anyway. Nobody i-s the least bit fooled aB to why the capitalists are coming out so strong for prohibition. It is not because of any particular love for the moral and physical welfare of the workers that they are "footing" tho bills of tho prohibition campaign; nor any dosiro for the welfare of the "kid- -dies," aa they are still sweating them in the factories. Boose and Profits. It is merely because thoy have come to recognize that booze interferes with profits; and anything that intorfores with profits must go by the bonrd. They "make no bones" about this. Levi Hong, of the Security Life insurance, in speaking before the Pittsburg Commercial club tho othor day, dwelt strongly on this point. "Many employers," ho said, "wero now employing ouly total abstainers. They have started to rccognizo that' reduced efficiency iB invariably the result of the uso of intoxicating liquors." However, there may bo a surprise in store for these fellows. The results of their enmpaign may neither be what they expect or desire. If buying laborers for tho least that dire need will mako them take, and selling them their products for the most that dire need will make- thom give, wero tho only possible way to supply us with commodities, there might bo somo reason for saying that a certain umount of fleas wero good for any dog. Another Oreat Illusion. Contrary to general opinion, it isn't money that the rich circulate, but book credit; rows of figures shifted from geo to haw, from port to starboard,1 gospel to epistle, dr. to cr. sido of tho ledger. And thoy suro take great 'cre-i dit' for their arithmetical abilities. Hero wo havo tho anomaly of a bunch, of bookkeepers, and mighty poor ones at that, owning tho resources of the earth, nnd the fruits thereof, through1 their ability to mhnipulate figures. ThiB may bo considered a problem in "space of tho fourth* dimension" for thoso bo inclined. As Oscar Ameringer so aptly put it, our chief worry is that "the landlord will pull his freight, and instoad of a fine fortile farm, we will havo a square hole in the earth through which we can see tho sun rise." The Dear Sweet Thing. As an excuse for tho existence of a parasitical class thnt was an admirablo illustration which John D. Rockefeller, jr., struck out about the American beauty roso, from which all bids but ono must bo, pinched off to obtain the prizo specimen. And ho didn't look a bit solf-conscious when, he said it, either. This, without a doubt, deserves the Nobel peace prize! JOHN BROOKES Who will visit points from Victoria to Winnipeg, during thiB month as a member of the executive board of District 2, of the I. A. of M—Mr. Brookes is recording secretary of his local union, an executive member of the central labor body, and will be remembered by Congress delegates as the secretary of the Vancouver convention entertainment committee. BOTAL OITT UNIONISTS Central Labor Body Holds a Brief, [By W. Yates] NEW WESTMINSTER, Feb. 10.— The regular meeting of the Trades and Labor council, held last night, was one of the shortest and also one of the most interesting, that has been held for some time. The attendance, while not what it should be, was better than it has been lately. B. Gunn, W. Morris and Wm, Banks were initiated as delegates. A communication from Vancouver local of the Iron Moulders' union waB read, which stated that as there were no more men of their trade working in New Westminster, thnt they had decided to withdraw their delegates. A letter from the deputy minister of labor was received, stating that the matter of wages in shell-making plants was entirely in the hands of the Imperial government, and that they could do nothing in Ottawa to meet our request that a "fair wage" clause be inserted in such contracts. The letter said that all other contracts for war supplies had such a clause, and that fair wages were being paid. Reports of unions showed that there had been no improvement in the state of work, except that which was caused by enlistments and the extra work resulting from the heavy snowfall and which gave work to several men in keeping the streets and car tracks clear. A statement that there were men in town who were working at two trades at once brought out somo very interesting discussion, and was the cause of Presidont Maiden reciting a very touching little poem, writton some time ago, when tho plumbers and painters had a dispute about the painting of radiators. The case in question, after being sifted down, was one of a Btreet railway man who had taken a job driving a wood wagon during the rush for fuel, and as it was shown that ho was not working at both jobs at the same time, there was nothing to bo done about it. THE STREET RAILWAYMEN Carmen Have Had Strenuous Times the Last Week or Two. The tailors for making carmen's uniforms have been decided upon, with tho addition of two more tailors, making four for us to choose from. There wns considerable less difficulty in coming to an understanding between our representatives and tho company, than was generally expected. ThiB ia one instance where tbo company showed a desire to be reasonable with regard to our wishes. From the company's point of view, it might be claimed that they aro at all times willing to bo reasonable. This may bo so, but it would be too much to expect us to see eye to eye with our employers in all things pertaining to our business. Every once in a while we hear Argument's that centre around that factor co-operation. Co-operation in theory and in practice are two different propositions, and it is the practical end -that obtains results. Brother Hoovor was reported to hnve been back by Feb 1, but was detained longer thnn he expected to be. He has probably beon reading about the Vancouver weather, and wisely decided to stay in Alberta a little longer. We all hope that whon ho returna he will ahow signs of having benefited by the change, In a few duys the daily papera will be due to inform us that a splendid semi-tropical climate we onjoy here in winter. Certain people have suddenly been ovcrcomo with a sense of gratitude toward tho B. C. E, R. for keeping open their tracks during the recent snowstorms. Thoso peoplo will have a chanoe to prove themselves as appreciating the efforts of the street railway company and it's employees, whon the snow disappears and the jitney reappears. Many workors in and uround the city would havo beon inconvonienced and have lost probably sovornl days' work had the car lines not been open. The Bupply houses in town would have had their horsos and trucks idle but for the car tracks affording thom tho only rouds to travel on. Certainly tho civic authorities fell down with regard to their responsibility in keeping the streotB opon. Being very broad-minded wo do not wish to tako all tho credit. Any owners or drivors of jitneys that havo nny credit coming to them for tho part they played in keeping things moving will bo amply repaid by tho thoughts of having dono their bit. Brother J. Campbell is tho latest to enlist for acrvico overBoas. Jack has tho best wishes of tho division for a safo return. An application for membership from nn ex-mombor, who has just started again in tho barn is a good sign. ThiB may be the first of several applications if the rumor is truo that our mon are waiting for tho noxt artillery draft to mobilize. Anyway the B. C. E. R. will bo well represented as soveral of our mon havo alroady attested as woll as an inspector. J. E. G. CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN 1 ON CITY'S WATERFRONT [Written specially for Tke Federationlit by E. C. -Woodbury]. SHIPS ABE ALWAYS INTERESTING to either Bailors or land*, men, and so are those who handle their cargoes—to some—al- , though there are others who consider longshoremen aa an inferior sort of animal, unworthy of any attention or consideration. In this, connection, one man is credited with having passed the remark that they were "the most turbulent class of people with whieh he had anything to do." Just what he meant is not entirely clear, but that he intended to cast a reproach upon them is evident, also . that he tried to give expression to a sentiment which is current among many. This attitude is possibly due to the fact that those who follow the calling mentioned do something useful, and if snch is the case, such an uncharitable view should be modified, as the transportation industry is the artery of commerce without which that great organism known as human society could! not exist, But be that as it may, among the longshoremen in any port in the world, Vancouver not excepted, there are some highly interesting characters, each of whom is unique in his way. Here a student of human nature in its many varieties, would find an endless mount of material to work upon, for every type of individual, with every sort of characteristic is in evidence, the quality of aggressiveness, in • greater or lesser degree, being common to all., As Conditions Hake Tbem. Longshoremen are nothing more or less than what their early training, combined with the conditions under which they work, makes them; so they arc naturally without wings either in fact or ill embryo. When among themselves their language is sometimes more direct than elegant, more forcible than parliamentary, but when in or under other circumstances, such is far from being' the case. Snt this is true of men wherever congregated, in the select club or the fashionable drawing-room, for as someone has said: "Men are but little higher than monkeys, although they do call themselves a little lower than angels." When on or about the docks a formal introduction is not at all necessary to become acquainted with the longshoreman, but if yon meet him elsewhere, you may fail to recognise him, not though because you do not wish to do so. Perhaps Sherlock Holmes himself would at times be baffled in "a case of identity," so great is the difference in appearance caused by a change of clothing, combined with a visit maybe to the lady barber shop. Different Character. Examining a few types at close range, we find among others the heavy-set man, whose principal subject of conversation is work, and who is more like an English shire horse than a French'coach. We have the man of the red nose, who claims to have something to show for money spent, the race-track fiend, and the tin-horn sport. The stooped shoulders prove that labor has been performed and energy expended, while the knotted muscles and rough hands, which the magistrate likes to see, obviously show that their owner hu done his little part towards solving the problem pf production. Here, also, is to be found the cynic, the pessimist, who st any rate is not an idiot, thc fireside philosopher, the man who finds it painful to think, the failure, the student of labor conditions, along with the individual who knows more of economics, but less of finance thsn some in the higher, or so-called higher, walks of life. Among the fraternity there are various standards of morals, of intelligence, and of living. While to some the idea of solid comfort is a dinner at a very proletarian restaurant, followed by a pipeful of tobacco of a very indifferent quality, others prefer and obtain many real comforts. Moving pictures, or their existence, proclaims the fact that a poor man has a "show" in this country, bnt some prefer grand opora or even Gilbert and Sullivan. And again, widely different is the cabin in the East End, from the cosy bungalow in the suburbs. Aggressiveness Well Developed. In the older settled countries, those who are engaged in this class of work, are generally thc poorest kind of laborers, or so ,at least is the opinion of G. B. Parkin. But in Vancouver, from either a financial or an intellectual viewpoint, such is, in many instances, not yet the case, for there are several who own property to the value of many thousands of dollars, while there are scores of small property owners and' others, who have prepared for the proverbial rainy day, and such days come sometimes to Vancouver both in a figurative and a literal sense. Aggressiveness, that inherent characteristic of tbe male sex, is, as already mentioned, to be found well developed, sometimes even to an alarming extent, among the fraternity of longshoremen. It is contrary to the unwritten rules of waterfront etiquette to ask for a job, and anyone, who works long hours, is known along the "beach"— where nicknames, sometimes peculiarly appropriate ones, are often in evidence—as a "wolf." According to Victor Hugo, who was not a naturalist, but probably Darwin would agree with him, "one wolf is never known to sacrifice his life for another." There arc not only all sorts and conditions of men, but also of ' ships, from the."Giant" to the "Ixion," the "Doncclla" to the "Niagara," and some of them have remarkable and interesting histories. There is the "Melanope," once a sailing-ship, now a coal- hulk with the latest device for coaling steamers, about which a wonderful romance, or rather tragedy, is told; tho scaling-sehoonor "Casco" famous in connection with Robert Louis Stevenson, and many others. But this is not intended as a directory or a shipping guide. Many Kinds of Ships. ' The turbincr and the oil-burner have becomo common during the past few years and the l'unncllcss ship is now not a rareity. These along with thc "mosquito" boats, wind-jammers, and "tramps," present a pleasing variety. Some of the ships, which were well-known in Burrard Inlet, have been sunk or captured since the war began, and1 so will be seen here no more. Neither is it likely that the "old-timers," thc "Lonsdale" and the "Bupert City," sold to the Japanese, or thc "Empress of China," whioh after being wrecked met thc same fate, will ever be seen hero again. Then again another "watermark," thc sister ship ' of the latter, tho yacht-like liner "Empress of India," has been removed, since being requisitioned by thc Admirality, as she has been sold to the Maharajah (whatever that is) of Gwalior and is now known as "H. M. S. Loyalty." Tho other white liner, the "Empress of Japan," now no longer white, recently paid us a visit, having been absent for a period of seventeen months, or since the day before the "Battle of Coal Harbor," between the "Rainbow" and the Hindoo-laden "Komagata Maru." While on scouting duty sho camo in contact with the notorious "Emdcn" and has on board many interesting souvenirs. Old-timers on the Waterfront. Wc have had also with us the "Waikawa," belonging to thc Union S. S. Co. of New Zealand, formerly tho German linor, the "Sehles- ien," whieh was captured in the Bay of Biscay, and when purchased by her present owners was engaged in carrying coal for the United States navy, thus proclaiming the poverty of that country as regards a merchant marine. There arc men working on tho watorfront who were here when thc City Hall was a tent (after the fire of 1886), when Hastings Mill was thc only dock and industry, when the shores of thc Inlet were where tho City Hotel now standi, and when a certain member of a well-known firm lived in a shack on Dunsmuir Street. But the real "old-timer" is now a rarity having in many instances worked his last ship and passed in his time check. To handle commodities of every sort to and from all parts of the world is education in itself, and to come in contact with men of other countries with different ideas is an excellent broadener of the mind. Travel is tho greatest of civilizcrs and tho best of educators; many nationalities aro represented; and sailors, some of whom have rambled all over the globe are in evidence. This, combined with a sense ^ (Continued on pige 4) _ _^ _^ PAGE TWO THE BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERATIONIST PBIDAY .-.FEBBUABr 11, 1916 INCORPORATED 1856 Molsons Bank CAPITAL asd RESERVE $8,800,000 96 Branches In Canada A general banking business transacted. Circular letters ot credit. Bask money orders. Savings Department Interest allowed at highest current rate The Royal Bank of Canada INCORPORATED 1SSI Paid-up Capital ■ • • I 11,800,00 Reserve 12,MO,00e Total Aeeete 160,000,000 WE ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS IN OUR SAVINGS DEPARTMENT One Dollar will open the account, and your business will bo welcome bo It largo or email Branches and conospondents throughout til* world THE INCORPORATED 1SS5 BANK OF TORONTO A...U :..»66,000,000 D.P»lt. 48.000,000 SAVINGS and PRIVAVE ' "ACCOUNTS* Savings .ni honiehold accounts invited. Joint iceountn opened when required (or two or more persons, any ono ol whom nwjr deposit or withdraw monej. Intereat lo paid on balances. Banking acoounta opened for Societies, Lodges, Trustees, Executors or lor prlrete porposea. Paid up capital 6,000,000 Boserve fund 6,489,382 Comer Hastings asd Cambie Sts. THB TELEPHONE TAXES TBS MILES OUT OF DISTANCE When you want to phone to Vancouver Island, to tho Kootenar or down the coast, use tho telephone right beside you. Every telephone Is a long distance telephone. ,-,;»,. There Is no difficulty in hearing the party at the other end. So when you want to telephone long distance, do so (rom your own house or office. .,,...»* Tou get your party, or you don t pay. That meana you get your answer. And all In a lew moments, too. BBITISH COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPACT, LIMITED Printers and Lsbor Temple Building Phone Sey. 4490 printers of The Fed. PANTAGES Do.quelled Vaudeville Means PANTAOES VAUDEVILLE THBEE SHOWS DAILY 2:46,7:20,9:^6 Season's Prices: Matinee, 16c} Evenings, 16c, 26c British Columbia LAND Splendid opportunities in Mixed Farming, Dairying, Stock nd Poultry. British Colombia Grunts Preemptions of 160 aerea to Actual Settlers— Free TERMS—Eesldenee on the land for at leaat three years; Improve- ments to tbe extent of SS per acre; bringing under cultivation at leut Ire aeree. For further Information apply to DEPUTY lONISTBB 07 LANDS, VUTOKU, B.O. SEOBETABT, BUBBAU OF PEOvTNOlAI. INFOBMATION, VIOTOBIA, EO. THE B. C. FEI Published every Friday morning by tne B. C. Federatlonist, Limited R. Parm. Pettipiece Manager J. W. Wilkinson Editor Ofllce: Room 217, Labor Temple Tel. Exchange Seymour 7496 Subscription: $1.50 per year; in Vancouvor City, $2.00; to unions subscribing in a body, $1.00 ~~ltEPRE SENTATIVE8 New Westminster W. Yates, Box 1021 Princo Bupert W. E. Penning, Box 5U1 Victoria A. 8, Wells, Box 1538 "Unity of Labor: the Hope of the World' FRIDAY........FEBRUARY 11, 191(i ALDERMAN GALE said at the industries und employment committeo of the city council last Monday, that lie boliovod thc only thing to prevent coul dealers from taking nd- advantage of thc NECESSITY t"'re necessity of the THE MOTHER citizens by charging OF INVENTION, extortionate prices for coul during this very severe weather was, to establish a municipnlly-owned coal yard. Alderman (title is evidently quite a bright young fellow—for an alderman—in seeing tho wisdom of such a step as this. # # # Vancouver Trndes and Labor council has proposcdoputting tho samo idea into practice Bcveral times during the past three or four years. We hope this promising young sprig from ward Bix will keep up thc good work in the Bummer time. Incidentally, the olectors have received such a practical lesson this winter that this subject should make good "dopo" for aspiring politicians not overburdened with original ideas of their own. PHYSICAL UNFITNESS, astounding in extent, among the working class of Britain, has been revealed by the experiences of those having iu charge the work of examining the millions of men who have THEY ARE offered themselves as FINDING- recruit's for the army OUT NOW. during the past eigh teen months. The result is that Lord Kitchener, and other notable people who have their particular reasons for desiring to see the physical standard of the British male raised, are saying that the business of raising if will have to be the first consideration of legislators after the war. • ';..'#■*'.*# Thc British have not paid the same attention in past years to the physical standard of the masses of their workmen which the Germans have. Now thoy wish they had. The labor movement and the progressive forces generally are not to blame. They have been pointing for years to the ravages which unbridled industrialism have worked on the blood and bone of the British pro- letarint. The authorities have been aware of it too. The number of rejec' tions of men seeking to enter the army has been steadily rising at the same time that the physical standard necessary has been lowered. * • • But the British profiteer had to get his pound of flesh, no -^natter how close to the bone it came from. German selfishness and exploitation was as usual moro long sighted and scientific. The only use it had for the million bodies of its workers was to make them more efficient immediately as wealth producers, and to lay the foundation upon which the scheme which it iB now attempting could ultimately be based. Thc result is that the typical German is a round solid sort of person, the exact opposite of the millions of poor wilts onc Bees in the slum quarters of great British cities. #.'•*■* » This is largely the result of better housing and sanitation, and at least a scientifically sufficient supply of body, building food; things which all travellers to Germany who take interest in such things have commented upon. In laying the plans for the conquest of world power, the ruling oliarchy of that state figured out the minimum basis upon which mere physical fltneBs of tho proletariat could be secured, just the same us it worked out with scientific accuracy tho number and nature of its collossal armaments. Profit* niongering demands had to stop where science raised its warning hand. Tho British havo not felt concerned nbout the physical conditions of tho masBes except at such times as thc present. Bnck of the national mind has always been that hazy idea of "muddling through" somehow. We expect it will happen just once again. But at appalling cost of life; and thc production of some writing on the wall which will bo plain to anyono with intelligence enough to read. BLQOD-BARD KIPLING has his sane moments. Otherwise he could not havo produced poetry good enough to show up his bad poetry. Both in his poems and prose, he is at times aB delightful oa he is tyjTjjj at other times pitiful THEY FAY in -*1**-8 eu*ort8 to pros- PAY PAY. titute his art low enough to reach tho mob fancy of the moment. He wrote a thing onco called "Tho Absent-Minded Beggar," chiefly notable for poor prophecy and worso poetry. It was the worst thing he did with one exception. The exception was when he persuaded Sir Arthur Sullivan, the musical wizard of the famous Gilbert and Sullivan combination, which guve the world the "Mikado" and a score of other immortal fooleries, to write the music for it. The result was a punishment which fitted the crime. # # * However, this is not the place to dwell on such matters, but to note a statement made this week by Kipling, nneiit the puyment of some of the money now being loaned to the governments of the nations at war. People who do not have to wnit until a thing happens to realize the fact that it is impossible for it to happen, have been forecasting for some time the likelihood that the pile of debt after the war may be so appalling, that a great deal of it will be repudiated by a prostrated continent which >refusos to try and stagger buck to peuce and order with that burden of debt as an original incubus and a first charge on its labors for many years to come. # # # Duo to their obscurity such people hnve not the access to the unlimited publicity which is uvailablo to more notable folk. Hence the world knows very little about their views. But this week Kipling comes out with tho following: I imagine that in England, where small subscribers ure not numerous, a certain proportion of debt will be simply effaced, or repudiated, a very just reason being that men rich enough to lond big sums to the state are rich enough to lose them. It is immoral, but we should only laugh; so should even the rich men forced to lose. Perhnps they would receive title of nobility, a compensntioa that would be an admirable and practical apo- thesis for our national snobbery. They might get a title. But it Btrikes us that an age which repudiated these war debts would not be conferring titles of nobility on such folk. Rather would it offor a title appropriate to people who expected to keep the nation in tho bondage of usury unto the third and fourth generation of them and their offspring. No man can say what is going to hap* pon to those lonns. Even the authorities themselves, who negotiated them in good faith that they will be repaid, even they cannot say, although they may not speak their doubt to the world at large. Europe just now is very much like a child who has started a steamroller running down a crowded street. It cannot tell who is going to be run over or where and how tho trouble is going to end up. aaa One thing is certain. If these huge debts are to be repaid, they will have to be repaid from industrial profits. Those profits can only be made possible by a working class willing to submit to the utmost degree of exploitation in tho form of exceedingly low wageB. Thus the future depends upon the disposition of the working class after the war is over. What it will be depends perhaps more upon the economic pressuro which will be upon them than on any pro-determined, reasoned out course of action on their part. But the future does not look particularly rosy for the owners of war bonds, or thoBe desirous of maintaining the ante-bellum conditions which would ensure their redemp' tion. A LIBERAL CANDIDATE, speaking at a meeting in the city this week, dwelt with much mock passion on the way the conservative government is gradually allowing Orientals to supplant white NEITHER men in ninny of tho PARTY chief industries of IS HONEST. British Columbia. Experience has proved that where this question is involved, Liberals and Conservatives both are not worth a single working class vote. To exclude Oriental labor from this country lies in the power of the Dominion government. * * * Sir Wilfrid Laurier, when at the head of the lute Liberal administration, was requested to introduce anti-Asiatic legislation time and. time again. He could huve done it, because he hnd tho necessary political power in the right place to do it. But he did not do it, Down below the surface of the mock platform antagonism of both Liberals and Conservatives, there is no genuine desire to abolish Oriental lnbor'in this country. Both parties when in office are thc servants of capitalist interests, which do not want Oriental labor necessarily because it is Oriental, or becauso it' is blue, white, green or yellow, but because it is cheaper than white lnb6r, Tho sentiments of the white workers of British Columbia on the subject of Oriental labor havo been a shuttlecock for both the Liberals and Conservatives for tho past quarter of a century ub reference to records will prove. Unless the workers go into politics for themselves, absolutely free from all association with either of the old parties, thiB Oriental labor "problem," as it is called, will be in just nbout the same position twenty-five years from now ns it is today. OUR RECENT EDITORIAL dealing with the opposition of Secretary Draper of the TradeB and Labor Congress of Canada to provincial federations of labor, and also with the question of tho Con CONGRESS AND g"M giving finan- PROVINOIAL cia- 8UPPO-"-* to Ww FEDERATIONS. British Columbia Federation of Labor in its efforts to secure a better Workmen's Compensation act for this province, brings forth the following comment from The Labor News, of Hamilton, Ontario: The B. C Fed. iB correct. Secretary Draper is very much opposed to provincial federations of labor, anil there is method in his madneBs. P. Af. thinks such federations would detract from the power, influence— and income—of the Congress, and like parties in power they like to hold that power and its spending privileges as long as possiblo. Wo give credit to B, C. for maintaining its federation and think it is justified in asking tho Congress to do what it did for Ontario, make a similar grant. It is not often we can feel justified in quoting from this contemporary, because its columns so seldom contain anything worth repeating. But just for once it has said something which has the dual advantage of being at tho samo time both true und reasonable. Tlie executive of the Congress will do well to lend ut least us generous an car to the request of British Columbia ia this matter of securing a Workmen's Compensation act, ns it did to tho unionists of Ontario when thoy had their fight on. Anyhow it is no more than ib likely, for a hot air factory to go up in smoke. That fire should act as a warning to some legislators. They will not be able to get out of the other place, once they aro in, as easily as they did out of this ono. If the per capita tax of the Trades and Labor CongresB of Canada were paid from the funds of local unions, instead of from their international headquarters, the local unions in Canada might hear something about the doings of the Congress from the officers of that body more than once- each year when the formal convention cnll is sent out'. The daily socialist pnpor, Die VolkB- stimme, of Mngdeburg, Germany, in a review of the old year's events, reached this remarkable, or rather significant, conclusion: "There nre three powers in this war that have been defeated up to date: Belgium, Serbia and the Social- Democratic party!" Tho fire which destroyed tho Dominion houses of parliament last week probably destroyed the archives too. In that case many a "great patriot" must have turned in his grave in thankfulness that his noisome record of political corruption and chicanery has gone into oblivion at least bo far aB the records of Hnnsard arc concerned. Sam Hughos, minister of militia, Bays: "This is not' a war of races, but a war for liberty.'' What Sam means by "liberty" will benr qualification in the interests of clarity. But if racial feeling is not the one main factor which hns made the war possible, theu u lot of people will have to revise their ideas about it. Mr. Jas. H. McVety on Workmen's Compensation (Continued from page 1) It is a noticeable thing in thc lnbor movement, that those organizations which have attained the reputation of being the most "advanced" because of the noiso they make when thoy have no unusual trouble of their own on their hands, are the first to send round a circular letter asking for money when they have been in a strike for about one week. The Rev. Father Vaughan, the eminent Roman Catholic, in a recent sermon in England, said: "Our business is to keep on killing Germans." Doubtless German and Austrian priests are Baying much the same thing, with the word "British" substituted for "Gor- mnnB," The fatherhood of God, and the brotherhood of man, do not seem to be receiving bo much attention from these religious publicity seekers ns they formerly did. Rev. J. K. Unsworth last Sunday night mado hia sermon an answer to the query which is often heard nowadays, "Why doeB not God Btop the war?" It was distinctly thoughtful of him to rectify the misapprehensions which tho silence of heaven on this matter may hnve given rise to, in the minds of misguided people who prefer to do their own thinking on such questions, rather thnn sublet that duty to a parson. Governments are doing strange things theso dayB, and none nro more Burprisod than they are to find themselves doing them. German airships hovered for sovernl hours over tho midlands of England one night Inst week, and dropped bombs to their heart 'a content. Can it be tbat expressions of official regret nt tho loss of life, are just the slightest bit tempered with the feeling that the incident may prove useful in smoothing the way for the introduction of compulsory military service? reichstag, without distinction of pur- ties. In order to realize these views, a bill for *• the insurance of workmen against industrial accidents will first of all be laid before you; after which a supplementary measure will be submitted, providing for a general organization of industrial sick insurance. Likewise, those who are disabled in consequence of old age or invalidity possess a well-founded claim to more ample relief on the part of tho stato than they have hitherto enjoyed. To devise the fittest ways and means for making such provision, however difficult, is one of the highest obligations of every community, bused on the moral principles of Christianity. A more intimate acquaintance with the actual capabilities of the people, and a mode of turning these to account in corporate associations, -Under tho pntronngo and with the aid of tho Btate will, we trust, develop a scheme to solve which the stute nlone would prove unequal.' " Another Opinion. Speaking further of the origin of workmen's compensation, Mr. Miles M. Dawson, addressing the Canadian Manufacturers' association, at Torpnto, on March ti, 1914, said, in part: "It is not a private matter ut all; it is a public matter, and it rests upon thiB foundation. Tho great Bismarck saw that'. Now I may say to you he saw it when it was presented by his ctftmies, and that is one of the most important things in the world—to be able to see things when they nre born in the brain of your enemy. (Applause.) La Salle, perhaps the most brilliant voting leader of the socialists (had ho lived, had he not beon murdered when n young man, it is not impossible that Karl Marx as the leader of socialism would scarcely havo been heard of, bo much more brilliant wns this young leader)—while the conceptions of socialism which you have nil heard ad nauseum, namely, ns an earth made scheme to pour nil humanity into one mould, were being worked out in the most prosaic form. La Salle reached the general principle that the waste of humanity in industry on account. of accidents ought, as a mere matter of efficiency and common humanity, to be taken care of in a business-like way, and lie gavo voice to that idea bofore his untimely death. There never was a man probably in the world who hated socialism worse than Bismarck, but he did not hate the truth; and he saw that idea, nnd this is the form it took in hia mind, not that the workman in case of injury, or his family in cnae of death, should be supported by his employer, but that proper provision on an economical basis should be made for their support by all the employers engaged in thnt common line of industry**; not with a view that they would bear the burden, but with a view it would be added to the cost of the product, and thereby to its price, to be paid ultimately by the people who con Burned the product, In other words, he conceived this ub n public matter; by the taxation of the employer through insurance premiums collected from him a fund should bo created out of which tho compensation was to be paid as a form of indirect taxation upon the consumers, who, having enjoyed the product j*i which this waste of humanity had taken plnce, hnd to pny for that along with the other coats." Socialists the Originators. So you will see these writers, though not very much taken up with tho subject of socialism generally, concede that socialists in Germany were immediately responsible for tho introduction of state insurance and workmen'a compensation as we know it today. German Act Amended. The act passed finally in 1884, was amended in 1887, and mado to covor practically all industries in the German empire, including agriculture; agriculture boing held in the German empire at least to bo a dangerous ns any othor forms of industry, it being estimated, according to German statisticians, that 43 per cont. of the accidents occur in connection with agriculture. So you will seo agriculture is by no means' n Bnfe industry nnd even with tho up-to- dnte methods in the German empire and the enmpnign of publicity regarding accident prevention, they havo carried on during the last twenty-five years, they credit the work of tilling the soil with 43 per cent, of the accidents. , Builtf Up Big "Reserve Fund." Up until 1909 German workmon had received, through stnte insuranco or through thia Insurance which employers were compelled to pay, the sum of $1,- 925,000,000. There had beon built up in reaerves for accumulative payments $540,000,000, and thero is more than n well-founded suspicion that that *540,* 000,000 built up na a reserve in the German empire is being used to very good advantage just now in carrying on the war against the allies. Employers Had Control. The system that was followed in Germany was to compel the employers to organize into associations. The workmen hnd nothing to do with tho control of theso associations, that is of the accident insurance associations. They contributed nothing whatever to that fund nnd consequently had no control over it. Tho employers controlled it under the supervision of tho Imperial Insuranco commission. Sick Insurance in Germany. , In connection with the accident inaurance, or overlapping it, tho Germans also have a sick insurance. That is to say, for tho first thirt'eon weeks in case of accident or injury, the workmon get pnid out of the accident inaurance, to which they contribute two-thirds; nnd the employers contribute one-third. The (Continued on naga 3) BUSINESS AGENT DIRECTORY At- for Ltbor Templo 'Phono Exchange, Seymour .7460 (anion otherwise lUtoa). Cooks, Walton, Waitresses—Room 804; Andy Graham. Electrical Workers (outside)—E. H. Morrison, itoum 207. Engineers (Bteam)—Room 216; fi. Premier- gust. Halibut Fishermen's Union—Russell Kear* ley, 437 (Jure avenue. Office phone, Seymour 4704; residence, Highland 1U44L. Longshoremen's Association—Thomas Nixon, 10 Powell Btreet; phone,Sey. 6859. Musicians-—H. J. Brasfleld, Room 805. Sailors—W. 8. Burns, 218 Hastings street Wt)8t. Sey. 8708. Street Railway Employees—Fred A. Hoover; eor. Main and Union. Phone Exchange Beymour 6000. Typographical—R. H. Neelands, Room 206. TRADE UNION DIRECTORY Allied Printing Tradei Counoll—R. H. Neelands, Doz 66. Barbers—8. H. Grant, 1801 7th atfonuo west. Dtirtuiidorti—H. Davis, Box 424. • blacksmiths—Malcolm Porter. View Hill P. O. liookbiiitlorn—W. H. Cowderoy, 1885 Thirty- fourth avenue east. Boilermakers—A. Fraser, llfil Howe street. Brewery Workors—Chas. G. Austin, 732 7iH avenuo cast. Bricklayers—William S. Dagnall, Labor Temple, Brotherhood of Carpenters District Council —V. L. Barratt, Room 208, Lahor Tomple. Clganiiakors—W. H. McQueen, care Kurts Cigar Factory, 72 Water Street, Cooks, Watters, Waitresses—Andy Graham, Room 804, Labor Templo. Electrical Workors (outside)—E. H, Morrison, Room 207, Labor Temple. Electrical Workers (inside)—F. L. Estinghausen, Room 207. Engineers—E. Prendergast, Room 216, Labor Temple. Granite Cutters—Edward Hurry, Columbia Hotel. Garment Worker.*—Mrs. Jardlne, Labor Temple. Halibut Fishormen'a Union—Russell Kearley, 487 Gore avenue. Horseshoers—Labor Temple. Letter Carriers—Robt. Wight, District 68. Laborers—George Harrison, Room 220, Labor Temple. Locomotive Firemen and Engineers—O. Howard, Port Coquttlam. Local Engineers—L. T. Solloway, 1157 Har- wood. Tel. Sey. 1848R. Longshoremen—Thomas Nixon, 10 Powell St. Machinists—J. Brooks, Room 211, Labor Tomple. Milk Drivers—Stanley Tiller, 812 Eighteenth avenue west. Musicians—H. J. Brasfleld, Room 805, Lahor Temple. Holders— Moving Picture Operators—L. E. Goodman, Lahor Temple. Paintors—Geo. WeBton, Room 808, Labor Temple. Plumbors — Room 206 %, Labor Temple. Phone Seymour 8611. Pressmen—P. D. Edward, Labor Temple. Plasterers—John James Cornish, 1800 Eleventh avenue East. Pattern Makers—-J. Campbell, 4869 Argyle Street. Quarry Workers—Jamea Hepburn, care Columbia Hotel. Railroad Trainmen—A. E. McCorville, Box 248. Railway Carmen—A. Rubb, 430 Kelson street. Seamen's Union—W. S. Burni, P. 0. Box 1865. Structural Iron Workers—Room 208, Labor Temple. Stonecutters—James Rayburn, P. 0. Box Stonecutters— Sheet Metal Workers—J. W. Alexander, 2120 Pender street east. Street Railway Employees—James E. Griffin. 160' Twenty-fifth avenue east. Stereotypers—W. Bayley, care Province, Telegraphers—E. B. Peppin, Box 342. Trades and Labor Council—Miss Helena Gutteridge. Room 210 Labor Templo. Typographical—H. Neelands, Box 66. Tailors—C. McDonald, Box 508. Theatrical Stage Employees—Goo. W. Allln, Box 711. Tlleljiyers and Helpers—A. Jamieson, 540 Twenty-third avenne east. Prom the Bystander we learn that, According to Lady Franceo Balfour, the motor classes aro already living in '.'comparative discomfort," doing without footmen and only using thoir cars when thoy want them. The working classes aro earning very high wages, and tho tondency to solflsh extravagance on their part is very disappointing. It is really too bad about "the motor classes"—but it's likely to be worse before thiB racket is over, and afterwards. "The sacred and supposedly omnipotent ballot gets a bad attack of paralysis every time it runs up against submarine dollar diplomacy." "Labor's ceaseless and endless struggle for a little more leisure, a little more freedom—a little more the life of a man and a little less the life of a brute—is but the dynamic life-force shaking off the clogs and endeavoring to realize its vision of a day when work shall be for uses and not exploitation," THE SUN LEADS THE WAY i PAPER FOB THE PEOPLE, not for nny class of the pooplo. Clean, noway and bright—a news* paper you can trust. THE SUN upholds the principle of government by tho people. KEEP IN TOUCH with thc nows of tho day by rending THE SUN. ** Subscription Rates. By carrier 10c per week, or $5 per year in ndvnnce, in Vnncouver or Vicinity. By mail, 25c. per month, or *3 por year throughout .Canada) Oreat Britain and all countries within the Postal Union. United Statos, 50c. pnr month. ARGUE! &*\ llcjmon tx>bc aoco. Westminster Trust Co. Head Office: New Westminster, B.C. 3. 3. JONES, 3. A, RENOTB, Mut Director Sec.-T»M. ACTS AS ASSIGNEES, LIQUIDATORS AND RECEIVEES INSURANCE IN ALL ITS BBANOHES Houses, Bungalow!, Stores ud modern suites for rant M a big reduction. Safety Deposit Boxes for rent at ♦2.60 up. Wills drawn up free of charge. DapoUta accepted ud Interest at Toot par cent allowed on dally balances. VANCOUVER UNIONS TRADES AND LABOB COUNCIL—MEETS flrat and third Thursdays. Exocutive board; June, H. MoVety, pfoildeht'i B."™ lot piece, vice-president; Ml., Holein Gut torMee, general secretary, 210 Labor Tomple; 1,™,*? >.m»1«". insurer; W. H. OtteV11 Htatutlcian; sers-eant-at-erms, John Sully,** toe? ' ' °"m»bl>". J* Brookes, t™. AL*P.B.I) PR'NTINO TRADES COUN- ™-.a n W* "S00"*1 Monday In tbe month Preildent, H. J. Bethelletenhvy. jLJLjjSs'gJi* P* 0* Boi 66. nv"~*¥, BARTENDERS' LOCAL No. STC-OIBw s„„ iKl""", ao8 Labor Tomplo. Moot, flrat cZteil'*'/1""*, I1""1"'' *——*{ J«me. Cumpboll; financial secretary H. Davis, Boi Wm {Zh^'^'J™"—' eem-7, Wm. Mottlshaw, Globe Hotel. Main street. BRICKLAYERS' AND MASONS', NO. 1 8 p.m.. Room S07. Preildent H. P. Wand corresponding eeorotarjr, w. 8. Dagnall, Box » .""w 'St' ^cre",7'„W* P P'P»"' bu.ln.M agent, w. S. Dagnall, Room 216. BROTHERHOOD OF BOILER MAKERS , '"d I"" ShiP Builder, and Help*, of tZfi0.** ,Vh*Jnf°;,Vl,rJLo<1*!e No* "4-Meet. first and third Mondays. 8 v.m President l.C,*"npbf' J3 Sove*fit'e.VKMnue'w..°t'i aeeretary, A. Fraser, 1151 Howe street. ELEOTRIOAL WORKERS, LOOAL MO. 311 m.-jI!"*'! room 306\ ^bor Temple, evelr n«°»d,"i 8 ";?■ p-«">*l«nt, D. W. fie6ong.ll tar, .5' f f*l"jr *"4*>'«E flnanclal i.cr& Room 207, Labor Temple. HODCARRIERS. BUILDINO AND COMMON third=t.ffi? «■■'«»! »o. 05-M.et. first and S,''"1' *>' «ach month, Labor Temple, {resident, h. C. Appleby; secretary, Oeorge Harrison; business agent, John Sul y, room mMttaJ. "'*'• A" lab"e" '"'it****. ., „sl*W*TtO-*I, Local 8852. OMce, Association hall, 10 Powell street. Meets oven Sunday, 2:30 p.m. Th.m., Nfa,on,J___ I,ATA«SMiKI-.?8'LEA0UE op nobth AMhKKA—Vancouver and vlclnltv Branch moots 1st and Srd Fridays at Labor den *"270ROf!'.'1 *T,k H' •"""«■••■ p"i" '"I 51° P|*,'y»l*"b avenue east; Jos. G. 1 '. * aeeretary, 1721 Grant street; street ""••"•'■Ini. eecretary, 4882 Argyle ™*Il lAra l^0mW, 8*"-WAY EM- rLOYEES, Pioneer Division, No. 101— Meets Labor Tomple, aecond and fourth Wed* h"&,"|.2:30 *Xd 8 W»' P"*.-"™"W. »„ .Kin1 "
The country that solves that problem first,
@en, "Publisher changes in chronological order: Vancouver Trades and Labour Council (1912) ; The B.C. Federationist, Ltd. (1912-1915) ; The B.C. Federationist, Limited (1915-1922) ; The B.C. Federationist (1922-1923) ; The British Columbia Federationist (1923-1925)."@en ; edm:hasType "Newspapers"@en ; dcterms:spatial "Vancouver (B.C.)"@en ; dcterms:identifier "BC_Federationist_1916_02_11"@en ; edm:isShownAt "10.14288/1.0345120"@en ; dcterms:language "English"@en ; geo:lat "49.261111"@en ; geo:long "-123.113889"@en ; edm:provider "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en ; dcterms:publisher "Vancouver : The B.C. Federationist, Limited"@en ; dcterms:rights "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from the Digitization Centre: http://digitize.library.ubc.ca/"@en ; dcterms:isPartOf "BC Historical Newspapers"@en ; dcterms:source "Original Format: Royal British Columbia Museum. British Columbia Archives."@en ; dcterms:title "The British Columbia Federationist"@en ; dcterms:type "Text"@en ; dcterms:description ""@en .