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British Columbia Historical Books Collection
Peace River Board of Trade
"Information for the prospective settler." -- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 220.
31 pages : photographs, map ; 22 cm
application/pdf
The Peace River Country A booklet of information in condensed form on the topography, development and opportunities for settlement in the most famous farming district in Western Canada. Prepared and issued under direction of the Peace River Board of Trade and the Municipal Districts of Peace and Fairview. Foreword In response to a large number of requests for reliable information regarding the Peace River Country, an endeavor has been mads herewith to supply such information as will adequately answer those questions most often asked by intending settlers. The preparation of this pamphlet lias been undertaken at the instance of the Peace River Board of Trade and the citizens of Peace and Fairview Municipalities. The information has been compiled with the end in view of giving to the intending settler a correct view of average conditions in the Peace River country. Rather than over emphasize the advantages of the district, the tendency has rather been to adopt an ultra conservative policy in its preparation. All illustrations in the pamphlet are from actual photographs taken in the district, the cover design showing a corn field on the Dominion Government Experimental Farm at Fort Vermilion, and also a group of vegetables taken from the garden of a northern farm, shown in comparison with a man six feet tall. The reader is asked to bear in mind that the material herewith given has been prepared by men who have made the Peace River district their home for the past twelve years who came in during the early days of settlement and have seen the district develop from its rawest pioneer state to its present prosperous condition, and who do not hesitate to recommend others to establish their homes here. While many men came to the Peace River country without capital and have made good, it is not desired to leave the impression that there is any opportunity to get rich quick. But for the man with limited means and ambition to work, there is unlimited opportunity to establish a home and share in the general prosperity of the district, with the assurance that his reward will be in proportion to his labors. For the man with larger capital, no better opportunity can be found than in acquiring an established Peace River farm, in a district that has never known a crop failure, has never been hailed out, and has increased in general prosperity from the first year of settlement. Should further information be required, it will be gladly supplied on application to any of the members of this committee, namely Mr. E. L. Lamont, Berwyn, Alberta, Secretary of the Municipal District of Peace. Mr. E. J. Martin, Waterhole, Alberta, Secretary of the Municipal District of Fairview. Mr. C W. Frederick, Peace River, Editor. Mr. P. Gauvereau, Peace River, Secretary of the Board of Trade. Or to the Boards of Trade of Berwyn or Whitelaw. Page Three Scenes in and around Peace River Town- Page Font The Peace River Country The agricultural possibilities of the Peace River Country, although known to the early fur traders for more than a century, did not receive any serious consideration until after the year 1893, in which year the Reverend Gough Brick, an Anglican missionary, sent an exhibit of wheat grown by him on the farm lot connected with his mission, to the Chicago Exposition, where it was awarded sweepstakes in competition with the world. Immediately the question was raised: "If the Peace River Country can grow the world's best wheat, why should it not be settled?" It was not until fifteen years afterward, however, that the first venturesome spirits attempted to establish farms in the Peace River Country. In those days there was no railway, and those early pioneers made the long overland trip of more than 300 miles by wagon to the Peace River lands and established farms in a small way. So great was their success that by 1913 a general trek to the Peace had begun and this continued until with the declaration of war in 1914, not only did further immigration cease for several years, but the Peace River Country, with a large proportion of young men among those who made up her new population, was quickly drained of all too large a number of those who were just beginning the establishment of homes and the development of the district. But farming operations had begun, and continued to grow. The railway was built from Edmonton, the capital of the province, and in the spring of 1916 the first wheat was shipped out, several farmers hauling their grain a distance of 80 to 90 miles to meet the "end of steel,' the railway not being completed to the Peace River until some months later. The development of farming in the ten years since that time is indicated by the fact that wheat production has increased from 10,000 bushels in 1916 to 4,000,000 bushels in 1925, or approximately two-thirds as much as the total wheat production of the entire province of Alberta in 1906. THE PEACE RIVER DISTRICT, the drainage basin of the Peace river, lies in the northern parts of the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. It extends approximately from latitude 54 degrees to 59 degrees north, and from longitude 112 degrees to 125 degrees west, and is a part of the great Mackenzie river drainage basin. Of the total area, approximately 49,367 square miles lie in the province of British Columbia, and 66,395 square miles in the province of Alberta. Of this vast area, which of necessity includes both mountainous and flat country, timber lands and prairie, it is the purpose of this pamphlet to deal particularly with the rich agricultural areas lying along the course of the Peace river itself, and a portion of the country extending eastward to Lesser Slave lake—these being the particular portions in which farming has been carried on successfully on a large scale, and in which is to still be found much choice land awaiting settlement. At the same time, it is not desired to belittle other parts of this vast area, equally as fertile and as desirable for settlement Page Five when transportation will have been provided. But errors of the past should be avoided, and while the cattle rancher finds certain advantages in distance from areas of intensive agriculture, settlement of farming lands at too great a distance from the railway lines has not been found advantageous to the settler. DRAINAGE.—The Peace River country in general contour is a huge plateau, cut by the valleys of the Peace river and of the many smaller streams which empty into it. The valley of the Peace varies in width from a mile, at its canyon at Hudson's Hope, to several miles in width before it reaches Fort Vermilion, 250 miles north of the town of Peace River, where the higher banks give way to the general level of the surrounding country, which is much lower than near the head of the river. The eastern portion of the Peace River Country is drained into Lesser Slave lake, which in turn empties through the Lesser Slave river into the Athabasca river and thence northward to the Mackenzie river system. The district consists of patches of open prairie land, park land on which patches of small bush and prairie alternate, and timber lands. On the timber lands are to be found several large tracts of spruce saw timber, and further supplies of saw timber are to be found in the several river valleys. A considerable number of small sawmills are in operation, which not only supply a large part of the local demand for building materials, but also ship out considerable quantities of spruce lumber. In the districts which are recommended for farming purposes, the average quarter section (160 acres) will be found to contain from 30 to 100 acres available for plowing without any further clearing, while if more is required the work of clearing the small poplar brush is not expensive. The usual method is to cut and burn the brush, and leave the land to be pastured for a year or two, during which time the roots become quite well rotted, and are plowed out without grubbing except in the case of the larger stumps, which rot away in from three to four years. Those who find objection to too high an altitude will find pleasant relief in the Peace River Country, where the average altitude on the plain is 1,800 to 1,900 feet, while in the river valley it is 1,090 feet. A Wheat Field at High Prairie. Page Six PRECIPITATION.—Precipitation over the district varies but slightly, the average annual rainfall over a period of thirteen years being 16 inches. The snowfall is not heavy, country roads being open for motor travel usually until near the end of December, and often until much later. During the winter of 1925-26 automobiles were in use on the country roads throughout the entire winter. CLIMATE.—Extremes of temperature, sudden changes and severe storms are very rare. The winters, while not to be classed as mild, are very dry, with clear skies, little snowfall and few winds. Blizzards are unknown. The mild Chinook winds occasionally sweep through the mountain passes from the warm Pacific, bringing pleasing respites of balmy days in contrast with the colder weather of the average winter months. Spring comes early and quickly; the snow soon disappears and the ground is dry in a few days. Ice on the lakes and rivers breaks up during the latter part of April or early in May. Seeding usually begins early in April, and continues sometimes until toward the end of June, wheat being first sown, and later other grains, late oats for green feed being in plenty of time if sowed before the last of June. Most of the rainfall occurs in June and July, and rainy days in April or May are very rare. The summers are remarkable for their long days and short nights. For three months there is very little night, not to exceed three hours of darkness, while for a few weeks in midsummer a semi-darkness for an hour and a half marks the midnight period. Summer frosts and high winds are very rare, and hail storms are practically unknown in the country. These are the growing days when vegetation makes its remarkable progress that has resulted in the enviable reputation of the Peace River country for heavy yields. Harvest commences from about the first to the middle of August, September is an especially pleasant month, but the nights grow colder with occasional light frosts and the flies disappear. October brings heavier frosts, and winter can usually be expected early in November, though mild weather until after Christmas is not uncommon. During the winter of 1925-26 there has been no severe weather at any time. The rigours of the climate need not be feared, but houses should be substantially built to withstand the cold spells and provision made for personal comforts during these periods. SOIL.—The soil of the greater part of the district is especially suitable to the growing of grains, grasses and vegetables. The valleys of the upper sections are rich in river silt and black and sandy clay loams. Clay, sandy clay and black loam, with a subsci! of the same, are the prevailing soils of the entire district. Occasional sand ridges, usually covered with jack pine, are found, but these comprise a very small percentage of the entire area. The district is particularly free from alkali, and well adapted to growing wheat. The district, generally speaking, is level or slightly rolling. Very little gravelly land occurs in any part of the district, and field stones and small boulders are so scarce as to be almost unknown. The entire district is exceedingly fertile, the percentage of barren land being practically nothing. Page Seven SOIL ANALYSIS.—An analysis of the soil made by the Provincial Department of Lands at Victoria, B.C., of soil taken from a farm in the Peace River country, shows the following result: Moisture 2.80% Lime 60% Loss by Ignition 8.20% Potash 81% Insoluble 77.61% Phosphoric acid 20% Oxide of iron 3.50% Nitrogen , 44% Alumina 5.70% Alkali None WATER SUPPLY.—Numerous streams and rivers supply the country with this important resource. The problem of obtaining water for the farm home is generally easily solved by either digging or drilling a well. These wells vary in depth from 15 to 60 feet over the greater part of the country, although in a few restricted areas it has been found necessary to drill deeper, when splendid artesian wells have been located. A number of drilling rigs are operating in several parts of the district where it is necessary to go deeper than wells can be readily dug. FISH AND GAME.—The Peace River country as a whole is not lavishly supplied with fish. In the upper waters of the Peace and some of its tributaries there is to be found an abundance of rainbow and Dolly Varden trout, but through the most of the agricultural area the only river fish to be found are ling, gold-eyes and grayling, there being quite a supply of the latter in numerous small streams. In the waters of the Lesser Slave Lake, at the eastern end of the district, there is an abundance of whitefish, pickerel and grass pike. Several carloads of whitefish are shipped each season from this lake to the Chicago market, and for those who love fishing for sport, the other fish of the lake provide a sportsmen's haven. In feathered game, wild ducks, geese, brant, wavies, and swans are plentiful. In the fall of the year these birds gather in flocks of thousands on the small lakes, and with a generously long open season, from September 15th until the end of December, great sport is provided. Prairie chickens and grouse are also fairly plentiful in all parts of the district, but these are so easily killed that the open season is restricted to a very short period each fall. Moose are very plentiful in the timbered areas, and a day's travel will take the sportsmen to their haunts from any part of the agricultural area. Deer also are to be found in parts of the district, but are not so plentiful as the moose. Coyote hunting provides fair winter sport, and in the timbered areas black bears are to be had but as these animals are fairly easily found and are lazy shambling brutes, they are hunted more for their fur than for sport. FREE HOMESTEADS.—Free homesteads are still available in a large part of the district, and some very fine land is to be had within reasonable distance of the railway line and shipping points. In the Little Prairie and Nampa district, for instance, there are large areas available. Some of this land requires a good fire to Page Eight clear off the small brush, but much of it is fairly open park land. This district is adjacent to Reno and Nampa railway stations, and offers exceptional opportunity for selecting free homestead sites. Considerable free land is also available along the northern parts of the municipalities of Peace and Fairview, and while homesteading is not recommended at a greater distance than fifteen miles from a railway or marketing centre, those who so desire can travel as far as they please and still not reach the limit of excellent soil available for the plow, awaiting only the nearer approach of transportation to provide further homes for thousands of settlers who will one day occupy it. Homestead Regulations.—Prospective settlers desiring to take up homesteads would do well to apply to the Agent of Dominion Lands, Peace River, for full information as to homestead duties, etc. Briefly, every person who is the sole head of a family, and every male 18 years of age and over, is entitled, on payment of a fee of $10, to enter upon a homestead of one-quarter section of 160 acres. A widow having minor children to support may also secure a homestead. A homesteader is required to perform certain duties in order to entitle him to finally receive his patent on land. He is required to live six months in each year on his land in a habitable house for three years. Residence duties cannot be performed by proxy. Homestead duties must be completed within five years from date of entry. A homesteader may perform his duties if he lives not more than nine miles away on a farm of not less, than eighty acres, owned solely by him, without being obliged to live on the homestead, or he may perform his homestead duties while living with relatives on owned land of not less than eighty acres in the vicinity of the homestead. A homesteader is required to bring under cultivation in the The result of two hours' shooting on one of th.e northern lakes Page Nine first three years not less than thirty acres of land, twenty of which must be cropped. When not residing on the land, fifty acres must be broken, thirty of which must be cropped. LEASES.—Grazing leases on vacant Dominion lands unfit for agricultural purposes may be secured by British subjects. These leases are granted for a period of ten years, and tenure is free from interruption during the term of the lease. Grazing leases may be granted on vacant lands irrespective of the quality of the soil located over forty miles from the railway, but subject to withdrawal on a year's notice. The size of a grazing lease is limited to 25,000 acres. Rent is four cents per acre, payable half-yearly in advance. Grazing leases may also be secured on school lands, these latter leases being for one year each only, subject to renewal, and limited to 640 acres. In all leases the lessee is obliged to make statutory declaration of owning the amount of stock required by the regulations. For the newcomer who has sufficient capital to establish himself at the outset, the plan of purchasing improved farm land has the advantage of immediate returns. Improved farms on which habitable buildings, fences and corrals for stock have already been provided, and a proportion of the land already brought under cultivation, can be purchased in many parts of the district, at prices varying from $15 to $50 per acre, according to location, class of buildings and the amount of land under cultivation. Now and then it is possible during the summer season to purchase a farm with the growing crops and all equipment. As might be expected in a new country, weeds are very few, and the land in even the longest settled parts of the district is remarkably clean. Such weeds as sow thistle, Canada thistle and stinkweed are unknown in the district. Such common weeds, as are to be found are kept well in control by a thorough system of inspection and destruction, while threshers are supervised in a thorough manner to prevent the carrying of any weed seeds from one farm to another. Enquiries regarding the purchase of land should be directed to the Secretary of the Board of Trade, Peace River; or to Mr. E. L. Lamont, Secretary of the Municipal Council. Berwyn, or Mr. E. J. Martin, Secretary of the Municipal Council, Waterhole, Alberta; Secretary Board of trade Berwyn, Alberta; or Secretary Board of Trade, Whitelaw, Alberta. Any of these officials will gladly put enquirers in direct touch with owners of farm lands in their district or with reliable realty dealers in their respective districts who will gladly furnish all necessary information. Farm labor is obtainable at wages ranging from $15 a month with board for year round help, with higher wages for shorter period help, and summer wages ranging from $30 to $50 per month, with $3.00 to $4.50 per day and board being paid for harvest help. Breaking Land.—Cost of first breaking of land runs from $3.00 to $5.00 per acre when the work is hired done. Cost of clearing bush land varies so greatly that an estimate can hardly be given. Much of the land available for homesteading has such light brush that the clearing problem is of small consequence. On the other hand, a Page Ten settler might lelect land that required considerable clearing, although controlled fires will accomplish this at comparatively small cost. In the earlier days of settlement in Western Canada the rule was for the settler to ship his complete farm equipment to the district in which he desired to settle. While lack of sufficient supply depots in a new country was largely responsible for this, present day conditions are different, and it has now become more economical for the settler to pay freight on as little as possible, limiting his equipment to personal and household effects up to a certain limit. Farm machinery of all makes can be had from dealers in almoit every village throughout the district, the following list being standard prices as quoted by local dealers in March, 1926: The following prices will give the intending settler some idea of farm machinery. These are stocked locally. Walking plow $35; breaker plow $50; sulky plow $96; gang plow $112; disc, 12-in. $70; disc, 14-in. $80; harrows, 3-sections $22; 20-run drills $210; binders, 8-ft. $300; mowers, 5-ft. $112; rakes $66; heavy wagons (gears) $135; sleighs $65; work harness $60. In the matter of horses particularly, care should be exercised if horses are to be shipped in. Every farmer knows that the horse is susceptible to changes of climate, range and water, and it has frequently been the experience of settlers that horses brought from certain sections of the United States have not done well. In addi- J. B. Early found fruit growing in the state of Washington too risky a venture because of marketing conditions, and came to Peace River eight years ago. Today he has one of the finest market gardens in the district, and in addition has one of the finest herds of pure bred Jerseys in Canada. Some of the animals are shown in the above picture. His farm is twelve miles up the river from the town of Peace River. Page Eleven tion, the cost of shipping makes it more profitable to purchase horses in the district. For first-class farm horses weighing from 1,400 to 1,600 pounds, the prices range from $125 up. Good horses of from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds can be had from $80 upwards, while lighter horses are to be had all the way from $35 to $75 per head. The country is fairly well stocked with pure-bred stallions of draught types, principally Clydesdale, Percheron and Belgian. Prices of milk cows vary from $35 to $50 for grade stock. The quality of cattle in the district has improved greatly from year to year, owing to the government plan of supplying the district with splendid pure-bred bulls of the different types. There are also several herds of pure-breds in the district from which splendid animals are available, these including Jerseys, Shorthorns and Herefords. ROADS—Since the first opening up of the Peace River country, large sums have been expended annually on the building of roads, with the result that the farming districts are well provided in this regard. Roads are sixty-six feet wide, and are one mile apart east and west, and two miles apart north and south. The main government highway, constructed by the provincial government with dominion government aid, is already built through the district for a distance of some two hundred and fifty miles, and special provision has been made for the completion of this highway to connect with the city of Edmonton, and thus with the international highways, during the summer of 1926. Engineers and contractors were AN OPEN AIR CURLING RINK The first curling rink in Peace River was out in the open air, but during the winter of 1923 the boys missed vei*y few games on account of either cold or snow. The above typical picture shows some of our adepts at "the roarin" game. Open air skating rinks are maintained in practically every community, and are well patronized throughout the winter by both children and grown-ups. One of the chief winter sports is hockey, each community having its team, and schedules of games are played throughout the winter. Skii-ing is another sport much enjoyed in the district when there is sufficient snow. Page Twelve already at work on this highway late in February, and while it will require some months to complete the work, it is now quite detinitely assured that the road will be open for traffic by about the middle of August, 1926, after which time tourists and land seekers will have the option of travelling by train or driving their cars. In the latter case, garages and service stations will be found at many points along the route. Facts Relating to Crop Production An idea of the present production of that portion of the Peace River district north of the river is gained from figures supplied by the railway company, showing the exports of grain, cattle and hogs and other commodities. This report covers the two years, from January 1, 1924, to December 31, 1925, and is for only that portion of the railway from McLennan westward through Reno, Nampa, Peace River, Grimshaw, Berwyn and Whitelaw, a distance of only 85 miles, out of a total of over 500 miles of railway into and through the Peace River area. Cattle 327 cars 8,175 head Hogs 149 cars 11,920 head Sheep 3 cars 255 head Horses 2 cars 40 head Butter 117,830 lbs. Dressed Poultry 41,730 lbs. Live Poultry 3 cars Lumber 285 cars Wheat 1,206,687 bus. Oats 18,375 bus. Barley '. 8,665 bus. Rye 7,393 bus. During the year 1925 alone the total wheat shipments from the entire Peace River country were close to 4,000,000 bushels, and it was estimated by the railway company that approximately 20% of the wheat crop had not been marketed up to the -first of March following. In the above list of shipments no record is made of shipments of cattle and hogs from the Fort St. John and Pouce Coupe districts, which are perhaps the heaviest exporting districts in the matter of cattle and hogs, their distance from the railway making this class of production much more profitable than grain growing. At the International Hay and Grain Show held at Chicago in 1920, Alberta was awarded Grand Championship in both oats and peas. Out of fifteen prizes offered for Region 1, in which the three western Canadian provinces, and the northern tier of states in the United States are included, Alberta won eight prizes in oats. She won two out of five in open competition in peas. In hard Red Spring Wheat, Alberta exhibitors won seven prizes out of twenty-five. Alberta won distinction also in the small seeds, having secured prizes in both alfalfa and red clover in open competition. Page Thirteen 1 and 2, Grazing Scenes; 3, Motor Boating on the Peace; 4, A Typical Wheat Field, Shoulder High; - S, - 400'Bi»h«U of Potatoes per Aert. Page Fourteen From actual and practical tests the Peace River district has been proven to be one of the best grain growing districts of the marvellously productive western plains. The soil and climate are of the best. The soil generally is a thick black loam, as much as twenty-two inches deep, with a clay subsoil. The growth of wheat, oats, barley and other cereals as well as roots and vegetables, is equal to that of any other temperate climate. As will be seen from statistics taken from the returns for the experimental stations in the north country, grain sown early in May ripens about the middle of August, thus avoiding early frosts. This rapid growth is due to the long hours of sunshine in the summer months. And while the growth is thus rapid, the grain matures splendidly and is the best grown. From June 1st to September 1st there are from 16 to 20 hours of sunshine daily. The desirability of the country as an agricultural area is demonstrated by the fact that there has never been a total crop failure in the Peace River district. Vegetables By actual test and experience the land is well adapted for the growing of large crops of the best vegetables. A few figures in this connection should be sufficient to convinee the most skeptical. Potatoes Early Rose average yield per acre 400 bushels. Carman No. 1 average yield per acre 375 bushels Potatoes sell from 50 cents to $2.25 per bushel, according to the season of the year, and many farmers raise from 1 to 5 acres yearly. Carrots, beets, onions, celery, cabbage, garden peas, beans, tomatoes, lettuce, radish, turnips, pumpkins and squash give large and satisfactory crops and properly matured vegetables. Market gardeners adjacent to the town of Peace River grow large quantities of tomatoes, corn, cabbage, cucumbers, citrons and other vegetables . One local gardener in 1925 shipped several tons of ripe tomatoes in addition to supplying the local demand, and another marketed close to seven tons of cucumbers from one and a quarter acres of land last season. The seed was sown in the open field, and both cucumbers and tomatoes sown this way have given excellent results. For earlier marketing, the rule is to transplant the young plants from the hotbed. Early cabbage from local gardens has been marketed as early as July, and the profusion of growth is such that for late cabbage there apparently is no limit to the supply that can be grown from comparatively small areas. The profusion of growth in all classes of vegetables is such that visitors to the district invariably express the greatest surprise at both the quality and quantity of yield:. Pase Fifteen Crop Data at Fort Vermilion Experimental Farm Yield in Variety Date Sown Date Cut No. days bus. per Maturing acre Spring Wheat Red Fife May 8 Aug. 15 99 64 Marquis May 8 Aug. 15 99 69 Huron May 8 Aug. 15 99 62 Prelude May 8 Aug. 15 95 48 Stanley May 8 Aug. 15 99 66 Bishop May 8 Aug. 15 99 66 Barley Success May 14 Aug. 14 92 61 Champion May 14 Aug. 14 92 65 Manchurian May 14 Aug. 14 92 77% Canadian Thought May 14 Aug. 14 92 96 Hulless White May 14 Aug. 14 92 62% Oats Banner May 12 Aug. 12 92 153 Tartar King May 12 Aug. 12 92 125 Improved Ligowo May 12 Aug. 12 92 128y2 80-Day May 12 Aug. 12 88 81 Debner May 12 Aug. 12 92 100 Black Mesdag May 12 Aug. 12 92 88 Garson's Regenerated Abundant May 12 Aug. 12 92 155 Arthur May 9 Aug. 18 102 47% Prussian Blue May 9 Aug. 18 102 45% Also Spring Rye, 60 bushels and Flax 21 bushels per acre. A famous view of the confluence of the Peace and Smoky Rivers Page Sixteen Two varieties of peas were grown with good results. They were sown on May 5, and harvested on August 10, and gave a crop at the rate of 45 bushels to the acre. Buckwheat was harvested on August 26 and yielded at the rate of 40 bushels per acre. While the above figures show production on an experimental farm, where expert methods are followed, it is not to be expected that the average farmer will always obtain such yields, although on many occasions they have been equalled on private farms. Average crops throughout the district show the following average yields: Average oats yield 60 bushels per acre. Average wheat yield 36 bushels per acre. Average barley yield 43 bushels per acre. Average potato yield 350 bushels per acre. Transportation By Water and Rail During the summer season excellent service is given for both passengers and freight up and down the Peace River by the Alberta &Arctic Transportation Company, who also operate a line of steamers on all northern rivers extending into the Arctic. This gives ample opportunity for travel in comfort to the several points along the river route. The company's fine steamer, "D. A. Thomas," is well appointed, with excellent cuisine and berths to accommodate close to 100 passengers, in addition to a freight capacity up to 400 tons. A schedule of the steamer's sailings for the 1926 season, together The Steamer "D. A. Thomas" starting upstream from Peace River Page Seventeen with the tariff rates, is given herewith, and further information regarding their traffic may be had by applying to the company's offices at either Peace River or Edmonton. The following is the schedule of sailings from Peace River during season 1926: Downstream Upstream First trip each way when river opens and is fit for navigation. Tuesday, May 25th. Tuesday, May 18th. Tuesday, June 8th. Tuesday, June 1st. Tuesday, June 22nd. Tuesday, June 15th. Friday, July 9th. Tuesday, June 29th. Friday, July 2ord. Friday, July 16th. Tuesday, Aug. 10th. Friday, July 30th. Tuesday, Aug. 24th. Tuesday, Aug. 17th. Friday, Sept. 10th. Tuesday, Aug. 31st. Friday, Sept. 24th. Friday, Sept. 17th. Due to uncertainty of stage of water, each or any of the above sailing dates are subject to cancellation without notice. Steamer leaves Company's wharf, Peace River, at 5 p.m. each date of sailing. Tariff—Peace River to Vermilion Chutes : From Peace River to Passenger Freight per 100 lbs. Tar Island $ 1.00 $ .25 White Mud 2.00 .50 Cadotte River 2.50 .50 Battle River 5.00 .60 Carcajou Point 10.00 .75 Fort Vermilion 14.00 1.00 Vermilion Chutes 16.50 1.25 Tariff—Peace River to Hudson's Hope: From Peace River to Passenger Freight per 100 lbs. Dunvegan $ 4.00 .50 Rolla Landing : 9.50 .75 Taylor's Flats 11.50 1.00 Fort St. John 12.00 1.10 Halfway 13.50 1.50 Hudson's Hope 15.00 1.75 Special round trip tourist ticket including meals and berths sold by Edmonton Office only: Peace River to Vermilion Chutes and return $50.00 Peace River to Hudson's Hope and return $45.00 Special rates apply on horses and cattle and farm produce shipped out to Peace River by settlers, also on cattle and horses being taken into the country by bona fide settlers. The company will be pleased to quote same upon request. Page Eighteen THE EDMONTON, DUNVEGAN AND BRlTlSM COLUMBIA RAILWAY The E.D. & B.C. railway runs north from Edmonton to Lesser Slave Lake and then westerly to McLennan, the junction point with the Central Canada Railway, taking the trains right through to Peace River Town. From McLennan the line goes west and is completed as far as Spirit River, a distance of 357 miles from Edmonton. From Spirit River a branch line runs to Grande Prairie, 407 miles from Edmonton. The E.D. & B.C .railway, with its extension known as the Central Canada railway, which serves the Peace River district, passed into the hands of the Canadian Pacific railway operating department in 1920. Prior to that time the road was managed by the construction company who had built it, and who provided a very inferior service, at high rates. With the advent of C.P.R. operation, however, a marked improvement was made in the services. The railway itself was reconditioned, and with a better roadbed, train schedules were improved in running time. With the gradual improvement made in the road, services in all lines became better, and rates have been lowered to the standard "prairie schedule" of rates in effect throughout Western Canada. Thus the Peace River country is afforded freight rates that make it possible to ship out grain and cattle at a lower cost than that paid by farmers of Central Montana in shipping to the Chicago or Minneapolis markets, v/\ ' - ■ Phil Debolt and family took up this land ten miles north-east of Peace River town in 1923. The picture shows 140 acres of breaking which was bush and timber. They procured good water at 40 feet, and have built their buildings from the timber off their own land. They have a comfortable house, two stories, full basement and seven rooms. Besides having lots of moose meat to eat, the boys have sold over $400.00 worth of fur this winter. Page Nineteen <T Passenger service is maintained twice a week from the capital city of Edmonton, trains leaving the Edmonton C.P.R. depot at 4.20 o'clock on Monday and Thursday afternoons, arriving at northern stations as per the following schedule, which also gives the first-class passenger fare from Edmonton to each station: From Edmonton to Arrive Fare High Prairie 5.25 a.m. $ 8.25 McLennan ; 7.00 a.m. 9.20 Reno : ; 8.56 a.m. 10.05 Nampa .'. • 9.'34 a.m. 10.40 Peace River % 10.40 a.m. 10.95 Grimshaw .;. 12.03 p.m. 11.50 Berwyn 12.22 p.m. 11.75 Whitelaw 13.15 p.m. 12.20 The rate on wheat shipped irom any of the above stations to Vancouver (for export) is'26 cents per hundred pounds, or a fraction over fifteen cents per bushel, in comparsion, the farmers of Montana pay 42 cents per hundred pounds on wheat to Minneapolis or Chicago. The rate on domestic shipments is somewhat higher than on export grain, but as nearly all grain from the north is for export, this matter is of small concern. First-class standard sleeping cars are operated on this train. Settlers requiring special information with regard to transportation and freight rates into and out of the Peace River country should write to Chas. Fyfe, District Passenger Agent, or K. Elliott, District Freight Agent, C.P.R. Building, Edmonton, Alberta. Ticket offices of the E.D. & B.C. railway are located in the C.P.R. Building, Edmonton, but through tickets can be purchased from any Canadian Pacific Railway office in the United States or Canada. Settlers from the United States are given the benefit of special settlers' rates. Information on this matter may be had from Canadian Information bureaux, a list of which is given herewith: UNITED STATES AGENTS M. V. Maclnnes, 176 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. C. J. Broughton, Room -412 W. Adams St., Chicago. George A. Hall, 123 Second St., Milwaukee, Wis. Knute Haddeland, 329 Jackson St., St. Paul, Minn. M. J. Johnstone, 202 W;.5th St., Des Moines, Iowa. O. G. Rutledge, 301 E. Genesee St., Syracuse, N.Y. W. S. Nethery, 82 Interurban Station, Columbus, Ohio. J. M. MacLachlan, Traction-Terminal Bldg., Indianapolis. W. E. Black, 117 RobertvSt., Fargo, N.D. Geo. A. Cook, Drawer ^97, Watertown, S. D. W. V. Bennett, 200 Bee! Building, Omaha, Neb. F. H. Hewitt, 2012 Main St., Kansas City, Mo. J. E. LaForce, 1139 Elm St, Manchester, N. H. J. L. Porte, Cor 1st and Post Sts., Spokane, Wash. L. N. Asselin, Biddeford, Me. \ - Max A. Bowlby, 73 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. F. A. Harrison, 200 North 2nd St., Harrisburg, Pa. Gilbert Roche, 3 and 5 First St., San Francisco, Cal. J. C. Koehn, Mountain Lake, Minn. Page Twenty A herd of mixed purebreds and grades; loading steamers on the Peace; Centre view, the Alexander Falls on Hay River, 175 miles northwest from Peace River town. Page Twenty one MUNICIPALITIES—When it is remembered that the settlement of the Peace River country has been progressing little more than ten years, it is not to be wondered at that there are few fully organized municipalities. The town of Peace River was incorporated as a village in 1914, and as a town municipality in 1917. The country surrounding on the north, east and south is known as "unorganized territory." In other words, tax collections, road buildings and all such matters are under direct supervision of the provincial department of municipal affairs. Brief outlines regarding the two Municipalities of Peace and Fair- view, which include some seventy miles west of the Town of Peace River, are given herewith. THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF PEACE The Municipal District of Peace, No. 857, was organized in the year 1917, and consists of all of Townships 80, 81, 82 and 83, in Range 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 north of the Peace River and west of the fifth meridian. | Seventy-five per cent, of the settlers in this municipality have received title to their land from the Dominion Government. Any land now open for homestead entry in this Municipal District is either bush lands or lands more adapted for grazing purposes. Improved farms can be purchased at prices ranging from $10.00 to $35.00 per acre, the price being regulated by the stage of development and improvements. Taxes are levied on an assessment based on the value of the land without improvements, and average from $25.00 to $40.00 per quarter section. This figure includes municipal, provincial government, and school taxes. The total assessed valuation of the district for the year 1925 was $1,708,516.00. Since the municipality was organized approximately $68,000.00 has been spent in the construction of roads and bridges. This work is under the direct supervision of six councillors elected by the ratepayers. During the same period thirteen school districts have been established and schools built. A board of trustees elected by the ratepayers of the respective school districts attend to the management of the school, and all taxes are collected and disbursements made from the Municipal Office which is centrally located in the Hamlet of Berwyn. The district is served by the Central Canada Railway with two passenger and two freight trains running each week between the present end of steel at Whitelaw, and Edmonton. General, hardware and implement stores carrying stock sufficient to meet the requirements of the district are located at the chief trading centres at Grimshaw, Berwyn and Brownvale. Community Halls attending to the social life of each community will be found in each district. Page Twenty two The religious life of the people is served by both Protestant and Catholic churches, the latter church also having a mission school for Indians in the Shaftesbury Settlement. A creamery is centrally located at Berwyn, and prices paid to farmers for cream average higher than those obtainable for dairy butter. Water is abundant and can be obtained all over the district either from creeks, or from wells of a depth from 18 to 100 feet. Numerous flowing wells have already been obtained. Timber for building purposes can be secured at short distances from settlement, and settlers can have their logs sawn into lumber at the local sawmills for $10.00 per M. B.M. Timber for fuel is abundant, and although coal has not yet been obtained in large quantities, indications show that with future development this fuel exists in the district. Fur of all kinds is plentiful, and many settlers find that they can derive considerable revenue during the winter months by trapping in their spare time. Feathered game such as wild ducks, geese, prairie chickens and grouse are plentiful, and adds variety to the homesteader's dinner table during the shooting season. With the exception of a few fish, chiefly ling and gold eyes, obtained in the Peace River, the district does not produce any fish, although lakes as yet difficult of access, in the remoter districts, teem with large trout and whitefish. The climate is excellent and remarkably moderate considering the latitude. The winters are very dry, little snowfall, and few winds. The summers are remarkable for their long days and short nights. The days are warm but the heat is not sultry. The nights are cool and conducive to rest. Hail storms are unknown, and summer frosts and fierce winds are very rare. The long growing days cause vegetation to make remarkable progress which compensates for the short season. Evenings are cool and especially pleasing after the day's heat. The provincial government telephone system extends through the district, connecting all parts of the north country. Many farmers in the district have already received the advantages of the rural telephone system, and the provincial authorities are pushing further construction, adding further groups to the rural system, which is gradually spreading to cover the whole district. The telephone, together with the good roads already built, has done much to relieve the isolation which was the chief drawback to settlement in the earlier days, but which has now given place to abundant opportunity for social activity and business pursuits. E. L. LAMONT, Secretary-Treasurer, Municipal District of Peace, No. 857, Berwyn, Alberta. Page Twenty three Twelve years ago two brothers, Albert and Arthur Hitz, decided that working a rented farm in Ontario was not proving profitable. They had but little equipment, but this they sold and came to the Peace River country. Making the larger part of the trip from Edmonton on foot, they walked over the entire country for hundreds of miles, finally selecting land near the present village of Berwyn. Having found a suitable location, they walked another hundred miles to the Dominion land agency, then located at Grouard (but since moved to Peace River) and filed their claim. With money which had been intended for the purchase of horses, they purchased "script," which entitled them to an additional half section in addition to their homesteads, giving them a total of 640 acres. They returned and built their first cabin, shown above, and started farming. Gradually their land was broken up, horses soon replaced the oxen with which they started, and within a few years they were on their way to prosperity. During the summer of 1925 they commenced the erection of their new home, shown below, which is the last word in modern home construction. It has full basement, hardwood floors, two bathrooms, is steam heated, and has both hot and cold running water and its Page Twenty four own electric lighting plant, and has a garage built into one corfiei' of the basement. More important the whole thing is paid for, the brothers selling off sufficient grain, cattle and hogs from time to time to meet the expenditures as the building progressed. While this remarkable success of two brothers who started with nothing twelve years ago is an exceptional instance even in the Peace River country, we challenge anyone to find another district where a similar success could be accomplished, remembering that the only source of revenue these brothers had was that derived from the farm itself. THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF FAIRVIEW Perhaps one of the most prosperous districts in all of Western Canada is that surrounding Waterhole, situated in the centre of Fair- view Municipality. The district has been settled by a particularly good class of experienced farmers, some of whom homesteaded and others who came with capital, purchased from those who had home- steaded before them. The district at harvest time is one vast panorama of wheat, through which until a couple of years ago the roads extended without fences of any kind. An indication of this is shown in a picture given herewith. The hamlet or village of Waterhole, situated in the centre of the district, and sixteen miles from the railway, is a thriving community, with bank, telephone and telegraph offices, electric lighting, two hotels and several garages in addition to a large number of places of general business in all lines. Through the efforts of the Women's Institute in the district, a cottage hospital has been established and in operation for the past two years. The Fairview Mutual Telephone company is an outstanding example of the energetic methods of the early settlers. When the district was being settled up a few of the pioneers decided that a telephone system was necessary, and they hauled the first equipment by team from Edmonton, 350 miles away. The system has grown so that it covers practically the whole district from Dunvegan to Bluesky. A unique feature of the company's management is that in exchange for a small annual fee paid by the municipality, all residents- of the district are entitled to use the system without charge. In addition to this system, the provincial government telephone system extends through the municipality, giving long distance connection with all parts of the Peace River country. Four sawmills operate in the timber country lying to the north of the prairie. These are operated by A. Mercier, of Whitelaw; W. A. Hemstock and W. C. Chalmers, both of Waterhole; and Chas. Eng- lund, of Vanrena. Thus reasonable priced lumber is available within easy reach, also firewood, tamarac for posts, and logs for building. The general lay of the ground is smooth and entirely free from stone. This is conducive to farming with large outfits of horses and machinery, which is a necessity under modern conditions, and it is a common thing to find one man farming 160 or 320 acres with very little assistance. Within the Municipal District of Fairview there are thirteen pub- Pagt Twenty five. lie schools, amply serving the various parts of the district with elementary education. The Roman Catholic church has a magnificent church at Frieden- stal, six miles from Waterhole, and the Anglicans, United Church, Lutherans and S.D.A. have ministers and churches throughout the district. Social organizations and fraternal societies include the United Farmers of Alberta, United Farm Women, Women's Institute, Alberta Co-operative Wheat Producers, I.O.O.F., Rebekah and Masonic Lodges, Agricultural Society, and many sports and social organizations. While it is impractical to give a long list of those who have met success in the district, three average cases are referred to herewith: ) ^ *®fe- *t*-^flPp . * .': ■-' The above picture shows the farm home of Mr. Sam Schmidt, of Vanrena, in Fairview Municipality. Mr. Schmidt came to the district in 1915 and homesteaded a comparatively brushy quarter section. Later he purchased another quarter section, and today he has increased his farming operations to the extent of 480 acres. Another instance is that of Doll Brothers, a family of five persons. Coming to the district ten years ago, and commencing with a homestead each, they now own ten quarter sections of the finest farming land in the district. Of Soldier Settlers throughout Canada, statistics show that over 30% become salvage cases. In the Municipal District of Fairview, 11% of the land is held by soldier settlers, and of these only 7% have become salvage cases. Each case included in this 7% has been due to physical disability of the settler. Of the remainder of our soldier settlers, the larger number of them are developing into prosperous farmers. As an example, we refer to Mr. J. F. Smith, who on his return from the war acquired a soldier grant in addition to his homestead, and now owns a third quarter section of as fine land as is to be found anywhere. Page Twenty six All of this goes to show that energetic people have and are continuing to get in a position where their declining years will present no difficult problems to them. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES.—In the matter of providing education facilities, the Peace River district has kept well to the fore. In the North Peace River district there are at present sixty-four rural school districts, and three town and village districts, the latter including McLennan, with three rooms; Berwyn, with two rooms, and Peace River town schools, including five public school rooms and high school. Fifteen rural districts have combined their work in the form of four consolidated schools, centrally located at High Prairie, Donnelly, Falher and Kinuso. Thus the settler is assured of educational facilities for his children in almost any part of the district, there being schools within reasonable distance of any land that is apt to be settled upon for farming purposes. Church activities throughout the district are such that practically every denomination is well represented, and religious services are regularly held even in the smaller communities where no church building exists. The Roman Catholic church has very fine edifices at Falher, Peace River, Berwyn and Friedenstal, and near the town of Peace River they maintain a mission school, church and farm, devoted largely to the care of native and orphan children, while a similar mission is maintained by them at Fort Vermilion. Anglican, Baptist and United churches are to be found throughout the district, and the Seventh Day Adventists have regular services in the Whitelaw district. THE PEACE RIVER HIGHWAY.—This highway, already referred to in this booklet, is now nearing completion, and will give direct access to the Peace River country for those who prefer to drive their own cars. Work was started four years ago on several sections of the road, which extends from the capital city of Edmonton, via Athabasca, Smith, along the southern shore of Lesser Slave lake for a distance of ninety miles, to Enilda, High Prairie, McLennan, Donnelly, Peace River, Berwyn, Waterhole, Spirit River, Grande Prairie and thence westerly to Wembley and on to the western boundary of the province, where it connects with the splendid road system established by the British Columbia government through the Pouce Coupe and St. John portions of the western Peace River country. The entire northern portion of this highway is now practically completed, giving an excellent motor route through the district. While several cars have made the trip through from the completed part of this road to Edmonton within the past few months, it will not be in shape for traffic until about August, at which time the government hopes to have a highway ready for general traffic. Engineers and road builders have been on the work through the latter part of the winter, and there is every reason to believe that the small portions that remain to be completed will be finished well before the time limit suggested by the government authorities. Those who wish to make the drive this summer are advised to communicate with R. A. Macleod, secretary of the Peace River Highway Association, Page Twenty seven Peace River, who will gladly advise the condition of the highway at any time, and supply such information as is required by prospective tourists. The trip will make an ideal one for either tourists or settlers. The route lies through a farming district of one hundred miles from Edmonton. For the next hundred and fifty miles it follows through a country of small timber, lakes and rivers and comes to the southern shore of Lesser Slave lake, which in itself is one of the beauty spots of the north. This lake, which is ninety miles long and about twenty- four miles wide, affords an ideal opportunity for camping, boating, bathing and fishing. Miles of white sand beach are available for summer camping, and already several sites have been selected by summer campers of the district who will make this their holiday centre. The drive from the western end of the lake to the town of Peace River will take from three and a half to five hours, the completed highway affording a route over which the driver has plenty of opportunity to test the speed limit of his car should he be so inclined. The work of marking the highway with the standard markings of the national highway routes is now under way, so that the tourist need have no cause for delays on this account. THE TOWN OF PEACE RIVER The Town of Peace River is the only incorporated town municipality in the North Peace River district, and is the principal centre of the district, being the headquarters for many branches of government work in the northern end of the province. Here is to be found the Dominion Lands office, to which settlers must make personal application for filing homesteads. It should be borne in mind that entry for homestead land in the Peace River district can only be made at this office (or at its sub-offices located at Donnelly, High Prairie and Fort Vermilion, all within the district). Offices of the clerk of the court, and acting clerk of the supreme court for the Peace River judicial district are located here, as are also northern headquarters of the Alberta Provincial Police force and sub- headquarters for the more historic force of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. All navigation companies operating boats on the Peace river make this town their chief centre, their boats being put up here for the winter seasons, and their warehouses being established here. The town is also the wholesale centre for the district, having several wholesale houses, the lines including hardware, groceries, meats, oil and flour. The town has several churches, and is headquarters of the diocese of Athabasca of the Anglican Church. Excellent school accommodation is provided by the several public schools and high school, where pupils may prepare for university training. The public health is well cared for, there being several physicians and public nurses, and in addition the Peace River hospital, an eight- Page Twenty eight bed institution, established in 1914, and under the charge of a staff of qualified trained nurses. This was the first hospital in the district, and although there are now other small hospitals, and the public health throughout the district is well cared for by district doctors and nurses supplied through government aid, the Peace River hospital is still looked upon as the centre in this regard, and cares for a large number of patients from all parts of the north country, particularly surgical and maternity cases. The town has banking facilities, two telegraph offices and telephone service, newspaper, moving picture theatre, several hotels, several garages, and all lines of general business houses. In social organizations there is a wide variety, for in addition to the several church organizations, there are Masonic, Eastern Star, Oddfellows, Rebekah and Orange Lodges, Great War Veteran's Association, Daughters of the Empire, Women's Service League, Women's Institute and a number of other similar organizations and clubs. Amusements and sports include hockey teams, with local skating rink; curling clubs for both men and women, with a splendid covered rink; golf, baseball, tennis and other outdoor sports are also well represented. Roads from Peace River town radiate to all parts of the northern districts, and this has made the town largely the outfitting centre for those taking up land for farming or ranching in every direction, including the Little Prairie, Battle River, Carcajou and Clear Hills districts, as it is also the supply centre for the greater part of the river trade and the hundreds of trappers who go north each fall to share in the winter fur catch. A large number of people in referring to the Peace River country is under the impression that it is a raw pioneer district of primitive methods and limited means. Such an impression is entirely erroneous. During the past few years the Peace River country has forged ahead rapidly, and the new-comer will now be pleasantly surprised to find it modern beyond his expectations. The people generally are prosperous, and on more than one occasion the district has been remarked for the high standard of living of both its farmers and townspeople. The cost of living in the Peace River district compares very favorably with any other part of Western Canada or the Western States. A comparison of prices on staple commodities shows little variation as between, for instance, Peace River and Calgary. The entire district is well supplied with stores, and keen competition is the safety valve that assures the consumer of good service and low prices. The low freight rates enjoyed by the district make possible very close selling, and it is generally found that one may secure his supplies locally at better advantage than he possibly could by having them shipped even in large lots from other centres. Moreover, dealers throughout the district can generally be depended upon to supply every requirement, from canned goods to caviar, from smocks to gilks, from wrenches to radios, or axe handles to automobiles. Page Twenty nine A Wonderful Camping and Fishing Trip For the tourist who is looking for an easily accessible trip into the lonely wilderness and the stirring frontier, and at the same time without the necessity for privation or enduring great hardship, it is but fitting that attenion should be drawn to the waterways trip through the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, down the Crooked river to the Parsnip and on into the Peace, coming on down to the town of Peace River where connection is again made with the railway. With a canoe and a camping outfit the tourist leaves the Canadian National railway at Prince George. The train arrives sufficiently ... early to permit of ar rangements for the trip to be made the same evening. A good road leads from Prince George to Summit lake, and the tourist is advised to make this part of the trip by road, although for those hardy enough to be looking for a task, it would be quite possible to canoe up the Fraser river, but this latter is ■'*'• '-"•-■"•/ n0 mean task. Summit Lake itself is a beautiful spot, with high wooded banks and a number of wooded islands. At the camping site is to be found. Page Thirty The Crooked River a trading post where last supplies for the trip may be obtained. Choosing a route through the masses of water lilies, the canoeist steers his course toward the foot of Teapot mountain, and is soon across the lake. From the lake, the canoe starts down the Crooked river—a most appropriate name—which winds and twists so that one is viewing the mountains first from the left and then from the right. This river fairly teems with fish, including grayling and Dolly Varden and Rainbow' trout, and the angler here finds a paradise of fishing very hard to equal anywhere that trout are found. The Crooked river including Davies, Kerry located a Hudson's Bay A Trapper's Cabin expands at several points into small lakes and McLeod lakes. On the latter lake is Company post, where one may witness the time honored custom of fur-trading with the Indians, while a little apart is to be seen a dilapidated Indian village. Leaving Fort McLeod one takes the Pack river which empties into the Parsnip river. This country is the home of the trapper, whose cabins may be seen from time to time along the river banks. The Parsnip is a wider river, with long sweeps of broad valley flanked by ever higher hills as one drops downstream. The water is not so clear as in the upper stream, and is cold and swift flowing. At Finlay Forks the Parsnip meets the- Finlay, and the two combining turn eastward under the new name of the Peace river, which continues through the last gorge of the Rockies into the great plains of the Peace River country. At Hudson's Hope a portage of twelve miles must be made past the canyon of the Peace, whose wild waters at this point are beyond the possibilities of any craft. Here one may see early work being done toward the development of the anthracite coal fields, which only await transportation to rival the famous Pennsylvania anthracite fields. Again taking to the canoe at the foot of the portage, one may drift lazily down the bosom of the Peace, past the historic site of old Fort Dunvegan, Page Thirty one Mount Selwyn fe whose buildings are still standing, and where one may obtain views which will well repay for a short stop, before the final lap of the journey on down to the town of Peace River, where contact with real civilization is again made, good hotel accommodation is available, and one may a- gain entrain for the return to Edmonton. As a summer outing for the sportsman who is looking for new scenery; camping and fishing, this route ifc almost without parallel. It was over this route that Sir Alexander Mackenzie made his famous trip of exploration to the Pacific Coast in 1793, and many historic markings are still too be found along the route if a guide has been secured who is acquainted with these points. Old Fort Dunvegan Several tons of cucumbers were sold off this little patch of one and a quarter acres on the farm of J. B. Early. The cucumbers were sown in the field without transplanting, as was also a large part of his tomatoes, which yielded severa
Pamphlets
III-2765
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Peace River : Record Printing Company
Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact digital.initiatives@ubc.ca.
Original Format: University of Northern British Columbia. Library. Geoffrey R. Weller Library. FC3843.4 .P43 1926
Agriculture
Peace River Valley (B.C. and Alta.)
Peace River (B.C. and Alta.)
Emigration and immigration
The Peace River Country ; A booklet of information in condensed form on the topography, development and opportunities for settlement in the most famous farming district in Western Canada
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