CONTENTdm
Mining and industrial record
British Columbia mining record
British Columbia Historical Books Collection
Mortimer-Lamb, H. (Harold), 1872-1970
"monthly. Title varies: v. 1-15 (1895-August 1908) as British Columbia mining record; v. 16-17 (August 1910-July 1912) as British Columbia mining and engineering record; v. 18-19, no. 2 (August 1912-October 1913) as Mining and engineering record; v. 19, no. 3-v. 21, no. 4 (October 1913-August 1916) as Mining engineering and electrical record; v. 21, no. 5-v. 29, no. 3 (September/October 1916-March 1926) as Mining and electrical record. Several suspensions in publication. Absorbed Economic and financial record, March 1925 (v. 28, no. 1-2 repeated in numbering). Not indexed." -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 128. Alternative title from Lowther & Laing (1968).
359, VIII, 359-392, XI-XXIV, VIII, 393-426, XI-XXIV pages : advertisements, photographs, map, diagrams, tables ; 30 cm
application/pdf
BRITISH COLUMBIA Mining Record. VOLUME IX. From January to December, 1902. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, Limited Head Office: VICTORIA, B. C. Branch Offices: VANCOUVER; KAMLOOPS; NELSON; MONTREAL; SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.; LONDON, ENG. jsack Press, Victoria, B. C. INDEX. British Columbia Mining Record VOL. IX. A Page Acetylene Mine Lamps 105 Aerial Tramway, Recent Installation 320 Agent-General of B. C, Criticism in London Critic 84 Alaska Mexican Mine, Returns. .. 322 Alaska Treadwell Mine, Returns !; 275, 322 American Boy Mining Co., Annual Report io5 American Enterprise and Coast Mining 83 Arlington Tramway, The 87 Assaying Copper Ores by Litharge Process 309 As It Was In the Beginning; a Sketch of the Boundary District. 141 Athabasca Mine, Remarks on .... 84 Atlin District, Recent Operations in 70, 355, 366 Atlin District—Its Future 398 Atlin District, McKee Creek, cleanup' 256 Atlin Mining Co., Notes 322 Auditing of a Mining Company's Accounts 201 B Beasley Copper Camp 234 Belt Conveyors on Dredges 101 Boards of Trade and the Mineral Industry iI2 Boats for Prospectors, Types of .. 89 Bosun Mine, Report of Meeting.. 354 Boundary Smelter, Transfer of.. . . 106 Boundary District, Operations 1901 33 Boundary Ores and the Price of Boundary District- Economic Mining in 116 Page Low-grade Ores, Method of Mining I27 Progress of Mining in .. 139 333 Early Days *43 Distances and Altitudes of Points in 146 Ore Deposits of 155 Mining Divisions of 177 Notes 421 Production of Copper in. . . . 210 Ore Shipments .. ..78, 109, 139 188, 217, 256, 287,, 318, 355, 390 British Columbia, Outlook for 1902 49 British Columbia Mines and the London Press 80 British Columbia, A London Financial Paper on 82 British Columbia in London .. .. 137, 195, 255 British Columbia Chartered Company, Ltd 159 British Columbia Copper Co., Ltd., Mines of 171 British Columbia Copper Co., Ltd., Smelter 174 British Columbia New Loan, Postponement of . .. 316 c ■ Cadwalladni Creek, Operations at.. .29 Camp McKinney and Rock Creek. 146 Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Report igoi 213 Canadian Mining Institute, Extensa011 o* 193 Canadian Mining Institute, Notices of Meetings 254, 352 Canadian Mining Institute, Editorial Notes 263, 330 Canadian Mines and British Engi- neers 329 Cariboo Camp McKinney Mine Remarks on ' [ 83 Page Cariboo Camp McKinney Mine, Annual Meeting 103 Cariboo District, Mining in 7, 57, 223, 355 Cariboo Gold Fields, Ltd., Notes of ' 390 Cascade City and Christina Lake.. 178 Cascade Power and Light Co., Ltd. 157 Central Camp, Mines of 160 Centre Star—Annual Report .. 74, 424 Coal, Exportation of 79, 108 139, 188, 255, 288, 321, 358, 391. 426 79, 109, 139, 188, 255, 288, 321, 358. 391 Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1901.. 81 Coal Mining, Reports of Commission 349. 375 Coal Dust and Explosions in Mines 220 Coal Oil as a Fuel, Objections to. 367 Coke, Present Difficulties of Obtaining 365 Columbia & Western Railway .. .. 143 Comox Colliery, Hauling and pump ing Plant 307 Companies Act, The 117 Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Co., Annual Report 137 Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Co., Editorial Notes 295. 366 j Copper Industry 2, 225, 288 j Copper, Question, of Supply and Demand .. 81 Copper, Cyanide Assay of 129 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Areas, Geology of 265 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co.' Annual Report, 1901 135 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Mines, Disaster at j Coal Supply and Strikes j Cariboo District, Future Prosperity Centre Star, Favourable Showing Page Cheap Labour 399 Coarse Concentration in Slocan District 413 Copper Statistics 424C Daly, Reginald A, Personal No Deadw^.. Camp Mines Detroit Investors in the Slocan Dividends, Recent 99 Dredge, Description of Government Dredge 278 Dredging (Gold), A Few Notes upon 304 Dry Ore Belt, Prosperous Condition of 316 Eholt. Description of Electricity, Its Application of Met ;al Transmission, Long Dis- rise Mine, Nelson., Notes.. 289, 322, 356 Fairview Corporation. The New, Superintendent's Report 387 Ferguson District, Recent Developments in 68 Fernie Colliery Disaster 227 Fish River Camp—Promising New Disc< teele Distr -Developm Fuel Supply, Question of 79, 194 Fontenoy Mining Co. — Special Meeting 424A Old Output 3 Gold Exportation, Canada 360 Government—Its Influence on Mining 344 Granby Smelter, Grand Forks .... 163 Granby Mines, Review of 367 Grand Forks and Tributary Country 180 Greenwood City 183 G« 397 Granby Mines at Phoenix, Progress Hall Mines Report, Comments Hastings Exploration Syndic Report of Meeting THE MINING RECORD. Page Hoisting and Haulage at the Le Roi 235 Hole Contract System, Operation of at Centre Star and War Eagle. 209 Hot Springs of Sydney Inlet .... 17 Hall Mining & Smelting Co.—Annual Meeting 424 Iron Deposits at Kitchener, B.C... 313, 22 Iron of British Columbia—A Possible Australian Market 118 Iron of British Columbia—Possibilities of Local Manufacture. .. 221 Iron o: 'tish Columbia—Report o." mittee of Voters' League. 249 E Jewell Gold Mines, Ltd 176 Joint Stock Companies and the Public 216 K Kamloops—Mining Notes .- 137, 254 Kamloops and Yale—The Year's Mining 66 Kettle River, West Fork 187 Kitimaat-A Promising District .. 373 Kitchener Iron Mines, Description of 193 Klondike, Mining in 9 Klondike—A Retrospect 274 Kootenays, Mining in 351, 386 Koote,nay, North East, in 1901.... 32 Kootenay, East, Ore Shipments 78, 389 Report'.. mmg.. °'. 7 anagerS 356 L Lardeau District, Progress in, etc 40, 21s, 223, 253, 318, 389 Lardeau District Ore Shipments, etc 78, 108, 109, 139, 217 Lead Industry 2. 51 Lead Smelting, Cost of 108 Legal Decisions Affecting Mining 'Industry 108, 215, 227, 423 Legislation, Recent Mining 219 Legislation Needed 332 Le Roi—Report of R. J. Frecheville 74 Le Roi Mine, Position of 189 Le Roi—Monthly Report 217, 390, 424A Le Roi Scandal, The 222 Le Roi Mine—Shipping Notes, etc. 257, 289, 322, 356, 357, 390 Le Roi Mine—Report of Committee 263 Le Roi Mine Troubles 281 Le Roi No. 2—Cable Notes .. . .424A Le Roi No. 2—Shipping Notes, etc. 257, 289, 322, 356, 357, 390 Lick Observatory, Additions to .. 76 Page Long Lake Camp, Mines of 176 Low-grade Ores Boundary District, Method of Mining 127 Le Roi No. 2—Conflicting Cables Concerning 398 Lenora Mine—Present Difficulties. 398 Mount Sicker, Mining at 411 Mining Machinery 418 Metal Market 426 M MacDonald's Bonanza, Klondike, Notes . 322 Marysville Smelter, Unsatisfactory Conditions of 366 Maple Leaf Mining and Development Co., Ed. Notes 296,332 Metal Market 79, no 139, 188, 218, 256, 288, 321, 358, 392 Metallurgical Practice at Greenwood Smelter 310 Mica Mining in British Columbia . 121 Midway, Description of 185 Mines—The New Minister of .. .. 103 Mineral Industry of the Coast and Vancouver Island 18 Mineral Production of British Columbia, 1901 53 Mining Men of the Province . .86, 209 Mining Production of Canada. Tables of 131 Mining Returns and Statistics 139, 424B Mining Investors 190 Mines and Metallurgy at St. Louis Exposition 225 Mine Surveying 231 Mines, Report of Department, 1901 257, 285 Mineral Springs, A Neglected Asset 314 Mint—Proposed Branch of U. S. Mint at Tacoma, Wash 316 Mineral Production of the United States, 1901 321 Mining Appliances, Canadian Patents on 350 Mines, Department of—New Deputy Minister Appointed 364 Mining Machinery, Canadian Trade in 106 Mining Machinery—Tariff Clauses Unsatisfactory 365 Monitor and Ajax Fraction Report 356 Monitor. Three Forks, Ore Shipments 289 Montreal & Boston Copper Co., Ltd., Operations of 168 Morrison Mines, Ltd, 167 Mount Sicker District—Ore Shipments 1901 71 Mount Baker District, Notice of.. 137 Mounts Sicker & Brenton Mines— "A Scheme that Failed" 328 Nel i Distr -Developm Page , etc, 389 New Zealand, Mining in 102 New Vancouver Coal Co.—Dividend and Shipping Notes .. .. 194 Nimrod Syndicate—Tel. Notes.. .. 322 North Thompson River District, Features of - • • ■ 26 North Star iMine, Annual Report. . 283 Northern Railway, The Proposal . . 394 o Oil Concentration of Ores 276 Omineca, Hydraulic Mining in.. .. 64 Olalla Copper Co., Notices of .. . . 194, 222, 296, 353. 363 Ore in Sight, by J. D. Kendall.... 92 Ore in Sight, Article on 362 Olalla Swindle, The 396 Ore in Sight—Second Article .. .. 406 P Patent Office Reports.. . .216, 255, 383 Payne Consolidated Co., Annual Meeting 249 Periodic Law of Elements 37,? Phoenix Camp Mines 147 Phoenix, Town of 154 Platinum, Recent Discoveries in Similkameen 264, 296 Poor Man Mine, Model of .. .. .. 339 Preacher and Promoter .. 192, 264, 283 Progress, Evidences of 191 Publications, Recent 56, 109, 138, 254, 352, 389 Pyrites Mine. Skeena Division, Description of 272 Pyritic Smelter, Boundary Falls, Sale of 84 Patents, Recent 420 Q Quatsino Sound, Mining at 293 R Rambler-Cariboo Mines, Ltd., Annual Report 3IS Reduced Costs of Mining at Ross- land \ 347 Review of the Year T Riblet, Byron C, Personal Note .. 388 Rossland— In 1901 3 Discovery of Ores at 117 Position at 252, 295, 384 Ore Shipments .78, 109, 188 217, 256, 287, 318, 355, 355. 389 Rossland Great Western, Notes 257. 357 POrt °f '•... 248 THE MINING RECORD. Page Rossland Notes 422 Rossland Bonanza Mine, Annual Report 424A s Safety Lamps and Colliery Explo- sions 3»o St. Eugene Consolidated, Statement, 1901 2I4 Selwyn, The Late Dr 384 ' Silver Cup Mine, Sale of *39 Silver-Lead Industry 2, 85 Similkameen, Ore Deposits of.. ... 119 Similkameen Valley Coal Company, Notices of 136, 193 Skeena, The Country of 197 Slocan City Mining Division in 1901 44 Slocan, Mining in the 46, 107, 138. 282, 357 Slocan Ore Shipments .. ..78, 109, 217, 256, 287, 318, 389 Slocan Dry Ore Belt, Potentialities of 205 Slough Creek, Notes of 257, 289 Smelter at Crofton, Description of 334 Smelting on Vancouver Island.. .. 125 Snowshoe Gold and Copper, Notes 390 Solar Attachment — The Shattuck Patent 319 Solutions, Paper on 15 Stemwinder Mill, Description of . . 38 Stemwinder Mine, Report for six months 133 Stemwinder Mine, Notes of Progress 188, 363 Stock Market (Local) Condition of 361 Stock Market (Local)—Reports .. 79 no, 139, 218, 257, 288, 321, 324, 358, 392 States 327 Strike of Coal Miners at Fernie 258, 295 Sydney Inlet, Hot Springs of .... 17 Stock Market (Local) Report . .79, no, 139, 218, 257, 288, 321, 324, 358, 392, 426 Silver-Lead Mine Owners Meeting at Sandon 400 Slocan City Notes 422 Tailings, Cyanide Treatment of at Athabasca Mine 95 Taxation of Mines 291, 325, 364 "Thou Shalt Not Steal," Ed. Notes • 364. 295 Tin, Discc System (Rossland) Trails—When to Bui] Tyee Copper Co., An V Page Van Anda, Result of Mismanagement 118 Mining on 292 Mineral Resources of ...... 346 Vancouver City as a Manufacturing Centre 348 Velvet Mine—Cable Notes 289, 356, 390, 424B Ventilation of Mines by Quadruple Gate System 210 War Eagle Mine, Annual Report - 134 Wst er Power of Cascade, B.C. . . . 107 Wag es of Miners in Australia .. . • 364 Wes t. Howard, Sudden Death of. . 264 Whi tewater Mine- Annual Report • 73 Cable Notes 289, ; White Horse, Mineral Resources .. Wellington Camp Mines, The Winnipeg Wild-catting Wild-catting 1 the Sir nd Gove lilkai Wright, Whittaker panies—Ed. Note. Unusual Oc- ind his Com- r District .. . .67, 107, 10S, 138, 188, : r Gold Mines, Ltd.— Report, 1901 Report of Engineer .. .. . Special Report Notes »9, . 1 Gold in United 1 Gold, Royalty o 1, Reported Discc con, Mining in the 190, 287.. 355, ; con Gold and B. C. Cities .... 5 con Goldfields Co., Gable Notes 289, ■ con, Future of 5 con Water Measurement con Quartz Mining in ... ; ir District, Progress in / s Co.—Extraordin- Me< ting oi i Mines—Cable No : Mining—Outlook in Slocan : Ores—United States Duti Incorporated 1895. Established 1886. McLennan, McFeely & Co., Ld. VANCOUVER, B. C. DAWSON CITY, Y. T. WHOLESALE HARDWARE. Make a specialty of ill, iine, Railroad Contractors Supplies Blacksmiths' Supplies. Painters' Supplies. Plate and Sheet Glass Steel Raqges. Wood tyantles. Grates and Tiling. Oils and Explosives. Registered Trade Brand "SUNSET." /^ Sole Agents for: Majestic Ranges, Dawson Bros." Grates, Electric Rubber Belting, Beardmore's Leather Belting, Spooner's Copperine, Valentine's Varnishes and Colours, Giant Powder Co* The Hinton Electric Company LIILdllTEIX ELECTRIC HOISTS, J BLOWERS, FANS, § MOTORS, DYNAMOS, ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS. Electrical Construction and Supplies, VICTORIA, B. O. VANCOUVER, B. cl .THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President. E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Mana VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) SAW-MILL IVIAGHINERY. MINING AflD MILLING IVIAGHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. S_A_HST F!R A.N"CISOO O A Ti Linl^-Belt Elevators ^ Conveyors For Handling Ores, Matte, Slag, Crushed Stone, Gravel, Cement, Sand, Water, etc. I PICKING TABLES, SHAKING I I AND REVOLVING SCREENS, | I COAL WASHING MACHINERY, I I SHAFTING, ROPE SHEAVES, 3 I PULLEYS, CLUTCHES, CEAR- 1 ® ING, ETC. $ Send for Catalogue. Link-Belt" Coal and Coke Breaker. Link-Belt Box Water Elevator. Capacity 300 to 10,000 Gallons per Minute. LINK-BELT MACHINERY GO., Chicago, U. 8. A. engineers, founders, machinists. ROBINS Belt Conveyors For Ore Handling In every stage, have many advantages which are described and fully illustrated in our new catalogue. Robins Conveying Belt Co., 18-21 Park Row, New York. ii|HHHH""»»' '"""■"" TttE?MINlNG RECOED. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Brunton's Patent Pocket Transit) For Surface or Underground Surveys. " The accompanying illuslration shows an operator taking horizontal angles or courses with the Brunton Pateng Pocket Transit. The instrument is just what its name implies, that is, A Pocket Transit, as it does not require a Jacob's staff oJJ ii&^^ tripod, the sighting and reading being accomplished simultaneously. Nearly 1,000 in use. Case of aluminum 2# in. by 2% in. by 1 in.; weight 8 ounces. WM. AINSWORTH <& SONS. SOLE MANUFACTURERS. Send for Catalogue B-4 giving full description. DENVER, COLO., U. S. A .\ FOE S-A-LE B"3T B. C. ASSAY & CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B.C.; W. F. TEETZEL & CO., Nelson, B. C; C. M. FASSETT, Spokane, 'Wash.; JOHN.TAYLOR & CO., San Francisco. Calif.; F. W. BRAUN & CO., Los Angeles, Calif. The B. G. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., -DIRECT IMPORTERS OF- -Ll MITXD, /ISS/IYERS' ™ HILL SUPPLIED Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England J F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, &c.; W. Ainsworth &| Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices. Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. Theodore Lexow, Nos. 12 to 16 John Street, Near Broadwag, New York. Importer of Carbons. ^Bkcfe Diamonds. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY] %_ For Diamond Drills and all Mechanical Purposes. .HENRY DEMMERT. CD n> §| 3 B. J > al H n g3 °l ST Established 1851. ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, fline and Chemical Glassware. Prospectors' O Battersea, England. Largest Stock ©1 Adamsons' Acids. Platinum=ware, Etc. anese and other heavy Chemicals at Headquarters or Mining an Scientific Books. Pacific Coast Agents for Wm. Air« voc th & Sons' Assay and Analytical Balances Illustrated Catalogue on Application 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA STREET, DENVER, COLORADO.! Incorporated 1895. Hill Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Chemicals, **. Special Ageots for Morgan Crucible Co., fiances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc, Baker I Borax, Boeeash, Cyanide Potassium, Mantr- anufacturers' Prices. JOHN TAYLOR & CO., . | 63 First St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, ETC. vires—how they interlock ? Note the smooth surface a!s THE F-A-TZEHNTT tf&7 3 ]\"o displacement of wires in any event. Gives much greater service than other cables, ana adds B " Locked-Wire Track Gable. Is used only on the patent LEXCHERT WIRE-ROPE TRAMWAY, and others manufactured b1 The Trenton Iron Company, Trenton, N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America, for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire-Rope Equipments for Surface and Underground Haulage, Transmission of Power, etc. Illustrated book upon application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co., 17 Burling Slip. Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building. iJJ.EFFRE'fgS US. ELEVATINGMACHINERY FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, POWER PLANTS. - } Designed for Handling Material of all kinds. Bullock Diamond Drills Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - A Gold Medal. M. C. BULLOCK MFG. CO., CHICAGO. THE MINING RECORD. W^I^^NT^^ eeoTETOowPumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF DO~W~ OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY. IPTXIMIIP MINING PUMPS. WATER-WORKS PUMPS. POWER PUMPS. Pumping Machinery of every possible Description. SE3ST1D IFOR 0^.a?j9k.T_jOGrTJE. | The Hallidie Ropeway FOR TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH, SUCAR CANE, ETC , BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical, *Av> Loads Mechanically, Dumps Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents^Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Durable. BBTOBrf Automatically, WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Donble Rope Systems) * *■ » — ■* »r iU 4«$a w-W - — ■*' Si WM CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CA°LE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. £W~ Estimates furnished. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. ItSllF FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal.] Canton Steel Co. Works: CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse : DENVER, Colorado, NSI Q^SSBEi^ mm Kz^mvm /// Equal to Jessop or Firth's Steel in Rock Work. STEEL ; For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequalled for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL. ^Wlre Ltd MONTREHL, CRNKDH. MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. "^^?'Sl,!>at!1.t.Wire Ropes for Colliery and General Mining Purposes. Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Branches:—Halifax, N. S.; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage Rossland, B, C. f THE MINING KECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. Northern riotors Are of such compact and symmetrical design that they are easily operated in any situation, for any kind of work. They can be belted, geared or direct-connected to the driven machine. They are suited for work in many places where it would be difficult, if not impossible, to operate other motors. The construction of the bearings is such that the motors can be operated either in a horizontal, vertical or inverted position. Our Engineering Corps has made an exhaustive study of the various machines used in mining and smelter work, and by mills, shops and factories, for the purpose of determining the best methods of electrive drive. We have the results of years of patient investigation carefully compiled for the benefit of our customers. We have made some of the largest -installations for complete electric drives in America and challenge a comparison of economical working. !D*~ We build all sizes of Generators and Motors for either Alternating or Direct Current. Ask for Bulletin No. 424. Northern Spherical Motor, Inclosed Type. Northern Electrical Manufacturing Company, Madison, Wis, U.S.A. Hendrie & Bolthoff N|fg. & Supply Go, District Sales Managers, DENVER, COLO. U.S.A. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. Tue SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are bunt with special reference to perform tne service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water-wheels, Air Compressors and Filter Presses. "The^STILWELL - BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO,, Lei^al st., dayton. ohio, u.s.a. New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET. PLATINUM REFINERS BAKER St CO. WE are always in the market for : : : CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. NEWARK, N. J. Joshua Hendy Machine Works flns. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, S/^N FRANCISCO, CAL. -MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN- Hydraulic and Quartz IVjining and filling Machinery, -COMPRISING- Mm STA Pil.y ORE HYDRAULIC GIANTS, WATER GATES, SHEET IRON and STEEL PIPE, MP MILLS, CRUSHERS. ORE FEEDERS, CONCENTRATORS, SMELTERS, HO/STING and. PUMPING PLANTS, SAW MILLS, MINE and MILL SUPPLIES, &C, &C. m HOISTING ENGINE. Catalogues and Prices Furnished upon application. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. mm Am Wd mm£k ^—w—— i mim i in ip ■■ i Mil n n i!■■■■! am Jumna wd (INCOEPOBATED 1881, ^S5, ^ Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc. •."• § §• HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. BRANCH OFFICE : 1ZICTORIH. LOCAL OFFICES : VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD. NKNKIMO. GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose. CRACK PROOF" AND "SNAG PROOF.' PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTH- ING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING. 573, 575, 577 & 579 Market St., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. <m—C#)jlUS—© W 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. ^HVt«m^it<f,t,^ 1 3« *> 5 n o>o(o o)5(p Q>o(o Canadian (Sencral JElectrtc .Go,, Xfmitcfc. S o$i(o lfS.".(u m m CAPITAL $1,500,000 Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N. S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS .OF ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Moists, Pumps, Blowers, Tans, ... Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Miles ■BY OD C. G. E. ^and= Three Phase, Two Phase, Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers in Canada for Them. Write Us. Transmission Systems. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: ROSSLAND and VANCOUVER. 5. 5 ^WMfWTOWOTrWM^^ 5f» 5b THE MINING RECORD. f^jMflfsToOPinii)^^ COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. Manufacturers * * of * * INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. Agent br BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. 1 I A. C. McNALLY, Rossland British Columbia. Mh. ..d M.II. i Application t. J FRANK DARLING, no.son's Bank Buud.ng, Vancouver, B.C. |Wftjf| Sand for Catalogues and Specifications. Cunlifle & McMillan, Agents at Rossland. Yanconver Engineering Works, Vancouver, B. C. The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine; cheap, safe and handy. Send for booklet. 962 Sing st. subway THE COPPER1 KING, LIMITED. THE PACIFIC COAST SMELTING & REFINING WORKS, Purchasers, Samplers and Smelters of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, and Furnace Products. WORKS: Seal Bluff Landing:, Cal. MINES: Fresno County, Cal. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to 11 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. IBcrsT-D, Btxzrtxsts m Co. WHOLESALE: flMumbing an6 Engineerino Supplies, Iron and Brass Pipe and Fittings, Injectors, Oil Cnps, Lubricators, Asbestos Board, Sectional Covering and Asbestos Cement. SHEET IRON AND OTHER METALS, Sc. 61-55 Hastings Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. The Mining Record. VOL. IX. JANUARY, 1902. NO. U BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining: Interests of The Pa cific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. riORTiriER LAflB, rianaging Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office: Bank of Montreal Chambers. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E.C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERilS: Canada and the United States, one year - - $2.00 Great Britain and Foreign, one year - - - 2.50 Advertising Rates on Application. Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. C. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. With this number begins another volume—the ninth— of the B. C. Mining Record, and the opportunity is again afforded us of wishing our readers both at home and abroad a most happy and prosperous New Year. I During iqoi the mining industry in British Columbia has had many difficulties of an exceptional character to contend against, and unexpected problems have presented themselves which even now are taxing the ingenuity and the thought of our ablest men to successfully solve ; these disabilities, notwithstanding the progress within the past twelve months has been gratifyingly ! substantial, serving not only to renew our confidence in the great future we know awaits the development of our mineral resources, but also to spur us on to greater effort and achievement. In the present number it | had been our aim to give a full and trustworthy detailed review of mining operations throughout the Province. Unfortunately, however, it has been found impossible owing to space limitations, to completely carry out this original conception ; and we have been compelled, therefore, to hold over for another issue, a number of very valuable papers on the subject of recent developments in districts which, though not yet contributing materially to swell the aggregate of produced wealth, promise in the near future to become important factors in this regard. In concluding this brief introduction we desire to express our sincere thanks to our contributors, mining engineers, mine managers, the Department of Mines and others to whose hearty and generous co-operation and support we are so deeply indebted. A REVIEW OF THE YEAR. TN reviewing the year's operations in mining we have •*• again to regret the absence of exact information. Instead of precise facts we have to be satisfied with generalities. The more the mining industry grows in importance the more it increases in complexity, and, in the absence of authentic statistics, the vaguer must any general review become. It would be hardly too much to say that the injury done to the name and reputation of the Province from the lack of information, equals, if it does not exceed, the drawbacks from which the mining industry has suffered during the past year, on account of market conditions, labour disputes and other disturbing factors combined. In season and out of season we have insisted that as some of our mines are owned in the United States, and some in Eastern Canada, and some in Great Britain, the proofs of growth and prosperity are broken up and divided, and not presented as a whole until so late a date that they fail of effect because new modifying circumstances have become operative by that time. For instance, during the year igoo the output of lead from the Province increased 206 per cent. This startling and significant fact would surely, had it been presented in time, have drawn wide attention to the lead resources of the Province, and assisted the investment of capital in the development of that industry. But by the time it was published, the general impression was that this output had been merely a flash "in the pan, and that, under the blighting influence of unfavourable market conditions, the lead industry of British Columbia had been practically extinguished, that the large output of 1900 was rather a tribute to temporary importance, than an indication of future possibilities. That this impression is a wholly false one will not be officially established until probably May or June of next year, and the recuperation of silver-lead mining already in progress, and which may be expected to continue during 1902, will have no official attention attracted to it until 18 months have elapsed. We often see expressions of wonder at the ignorance displayed by outsiders of the achievements, progress, and prospects of the industry of mining in this Province. But what is there to wonder at, when we, whose sole business it is to collect and chronicle the salient facts of the industry from month to month, are obliged, in presenting a review of the year, to apologise beforehand for its meagreness, crudity, and possible inaccuracy, for the simple reason that, instead of dealing with known facts, we are wandering in a maze of inference and conjecture. THE MINING RECORD. The fact which has attracted the most attention during the year drawing to a close has been the position in which our silver-lead mines have been placed by the attitude adopted towards them at the beginning of the year by the American Smelting & Refining Company. By refusing to buy ore on the New York valuation of lead, that corporation was able to close the American market to British Columbia silver-lead ores and bullion, and it did so with a suddeness and completeness which left nothing to be desired. It was necessary thereafter for our ores to be smelted and refined in the United States in bond for re-export or else shipped direct to Europe. This involved a direct loss of ^ of a cent, a pound, the difference between the duty on ore and bullion and refined lead entering the United States, and an indirect loss of a cent a pound due to the distance of the English market, and the circuitous methods necessary to reach it. When these charges were coupled with a heavy and continuous decline in the European prices of lead, the outlook before the silver-lead mining industry of British Columbia became very serious indeed. If it had not been that many of our silver-lead ores contain a very high percentage of silver, the industry would have been temporarily extinguished. As it is, instead of a growth commensurate with the expansion of the year 1900, a considerable contraction in the output of lead is noticeable. A rough calculation based upon the United States imports of Canadian lead as given by the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury, and the shipments of lead ore direct to Europe from the St. Eugene mine, would give the lead output of the Province during the year 1901 at about 25,000 tons, a decrease of 20 per cent, under the output of 1900. In money value, however, the decrease will be very much larger, amounting to about $1,500,000, or between 50 and 60 per cent. In spite, however, of the untoward circumstances which have brought this about, there remains an increase in lead production over 1899 of over 100 percent. The Dominion government has endeavoured to relieve the lead industry by assisting the establishment of a Canadian refinery. But various causes have, so far, prevented this project from being matured. The difficulty of location so as to secure all the output of all the mines, and the falling market in Europe, rendering a price at which a sufficient tonnage could be secured, a matter of doubt, have been two of the most important of those reasons. Now, however, it is generally admitted that the price of lead has reached bed rock, and still the silver-lead mines of the Province are continuing to produce in such quantities as to guarantee a sufficient tonnage of bullion, so that the erection of a Canadian refinery is likely to be proceeded with. A steady improvement in production has been noticeable during the closing months of the year and the outlook is not without favourable features. The Province's output of silver, although it is intimately connected with the production of lead, will not be found to have suffered to anythig like the same ex tent. There are three reasons for this. In the first place, the reduction in tonnage had taken place largely among the mines which are low grade in silver value, while the production of high-grade dry ores has increased. In the second place, the renewal of operations at the Hall mines during the last six months of the year, replaces a supply totally cut off during 1900, and, in the third place, the gold-copper ores of Rossland and the Boundary contain something in the neighbourhood of one ounce of silver per ton and the increase on tonnage in these mines has been so great as to have an appreciable effect in making up for the deficiency in silver-lead mines. It is questionable whether silver will show a very material decrease this year. It should give evidence of a large increase over 1899 and the industry of silver mining is, apart from the price of silver, which continues to drop, in a thoroughly healthy condition, and likely to continue to exhibit steady and material progress. It is to gold and copper we must look to sustain the reputation of the Province during 1901, particularly the latter. With regard to copper the only cloud upon the horizon during the year now passed has been the strike at Rossland. This dispute was really the culmination of a long series of bickerings in which the employes and the miners had failed to come to any permanently harmonious understanding. In its effect upon the industry of mining at Rossland it was undoubtedly complicated by the breakdown of Mr. Whitaker Wright in London and the difficulties in which the War Eagle Consolidated Co. and the Centre Star Company to a lesser extent, had involved themselves. Its ultimate effect will not be by any means injurious as it has shown that such a contest is not lightly to be entered into on either side in the hope of an easy victory. We may expect a spirit of compromise and mutual concession to mark the relations between labour and capital in the mining in- industry as its consequence. In spite, however, of this distressing difficulty, and the interruption to which productive operations were subjected on account of it, the tonnage of the Rossland district has increased from 217,636 tons to in the neighbourhood of 290,000 tons, while the very satisfactory position in the affairs of the Centre Star mine during the past year is an indication that a profitable and prosperous future is before the mines of the Rossland district. The year now drawing to a close is the first complete year in which the gold-copper mines of Boundary district have been continuously productive, and it is not using the language of exaggeration to describe it as a year of stupendous achievement. Contrary to the usual experience of mining districts, the furnace capacity of the smelters has been unequal to the abundance of ore available, and, from the first of January to the present date, there has not been a single interruption to the productive stream. As a consequence the output of the district has grown from 103,426 tons in 1900 to something in the neighbourhood of 375,000 tons in 1901. Were the ore of the same value as that pro-' THE MINING RECORD. duced last year this would represent a money valuation productive activity manifested, are conjoined progressive of nearly $5,000,000. Unfortunately this is vitiated by intelligence on the part of the government, and mutual the fact that the ore of the Cariboo-Camp McKinney, forbearance on the part of both employers and employed, which is high grade in gold, and ore of the B. C. mine 1 great increase in the amount of capital invested and which is high grade in copper, are included. These consequent stimulus to production may be expected. formed a high enough percentage of the 1900 output to affect the total in a much greater degree than they can that of the present year. But it will not be found very ROSSLAND IN 1901. wide of the mark to place the value produced from this By F. C. Moffatt. district at about $3,000,000, of which $2,000,000 are -jr »INING operations in the Rossland camps during represented by copper, an amount considerably in ex- xVl the year 1901, have been sadly restricted by the cess of the total copper production of last year. If financial muddle, disturbing factors ot labour allowance is made for a certain increase observable in and comPany misadventures. It was estimated at the it , t. c ,, r. . |M ,. commencement of the vear that a production of 400,000 the production of the Coast mines, and the resumption tons might reasonably'be expected for the 12-monthly of the Hall mines, the output of copper from the Prov- period, making due allowance for accidents. Instead, ince this year may be safely estimated as obtaining a however, the 1901 output may be more or less accur- value of $3,000,000, as compared with $1,615,289 last atelv placed at between 290,000 and 295,000 tons. year. This year, it is likely, will be found to be rather I ,The a£Sregate 5s approximately made up in detail as .,.,', , follows : within, than beyond the mark. „ J Tons. With the gold output of the Province it is impossible ^e Roi.-• • 162,000 , , , . . . r T Le Roi No. 2 40,000 to deal at the present time in any satisfactory way. It Centre Star 54,000 is derived from the many sources, and subject to too War Eagle. — 20,000 . . Rossland Great Western 11,000 many varying conditions, to make any estimate reliable iron Mask 4.500 which is not based on actual returns. There will un- ye]yetT 55° questionably be a decline in the output of placer gold, Spitzee.....'.....'..'.'..'.'.'....... 7.......7 7 7 7.. 7 7 200 due however, to temporary causes. On the other hand Evening Star 75 r j . . Grant 50 there will be a considerable increase in the output of Portland 25 lode gold. With the exception of a few unimportant Homestake 25 & . r r Monte Cristo 25 producing mines in the Nelson district, which have been . in difficulties during the year, all the gold mines in the Total 295,700 Province have shown progress. The total gold output prom the foregoing it will be seen that the district in- of the Province this year should go to $5,000,000, but eludes 14 productive properties, but only seven may be this is, for the reasons already given, a very crude regarded as importantly so. These are the Le Roi, Le guess. On the whole, it mav be safely hazarded that £?' No" 2\Cen["e ?tar' ^ar ?a^le' Rossland Great ° \ ... , _ , Western, Iron Mask and I. X. L. the gain in gold and copper will more than offset the The seyen mines mentioned sent out approximately loss in silver and lead, and that the output of these four about 294,750 tons of ore, the remaining 950 tons metals will be in the neighbourhood of $12,000,000 as of the total given being made up by occasional consign- compared with $11,500,000 in round numbers last year. ments contributed by the smaller properties. I have included the I. X. L. in the class of larger producing It is very satisfactory to reflect that in a year when m;nes because, while the tonnage is small the ore is all such untoward conditions have affected the industry of picked, and consequently the returns from this property silver-lead mining, the Province's most important in- assist very materially in increasing the average value of dustry, other resources have sufficed to make good the aggregate output from the district. Much of the ore ! „ . T . . r i , . . sent out from the smaller mines was either sold tor tlux- deficit. It is a pity, of course, that the promised great ing purposes or represented trial shipments. increase in the aggregate output has not been material- of the properties outside of those mentioned in the ised. But it is as well to enforce the fact that this has shipping list upon which any considerable work has been due to causes external altogether to the Province. been in progress during the year may be mentioned the it u • j a u u u „„ u u u Kootenay mines—comprising" the old Columbia-Koote- He would indeed be a bold man who would base an «•""•• y v s wk:*o tx^^ ._,... _ , . nay properties—a B. A. C. flotation ; the White Bear, argument on the decline of mining in British Columbia Grant( New St Elm0; California, Green Mountain, Big on the results achieved this year. In fact we cling to Four and Abe Lincoln. the idea that if anything we have underestimated the Operations were practically suspended during the increase in the gold and copper and overestimated the year on the Iron Colt, Iron Horse, Sunset No. 2, O. K, i • -, j 1 a tu- a 1 •* Monte Cristo, Virginia, Jumbo, Big Four, Gertrude, decrease in silver and lead. This decrease also, it Novelty and some ^ther smaller properties, all of which should be remembered, is only marked in money valua- are ;n a more 0f ]ess advanced stage of development, tion. In tonnage, both of ore and metal, the combined In regard to the Le Roi, Mr. Bernard Macdonald mines of the Province show a satisfactory rate of pro- made a voluminous report last August, and according. i-i ,. • 1 a- -a a u u -a to the figures presented by him, the mine had 1,489,000 gress, while certainlv, more dividends have been paid, LU L"c ."&UI" y.',"";" ■> ' , . '„fo, „.f s ' .' . „ „ • , . tons of ore in sight at June 30, 1901, and the total net and more properties reinvested, during 1901 than dur- profit for the year ending at that date was $,,285,388. ing any previous year. The industry of mining is in a Mr. R. J. Frecheville, a mining engineer and also a thoroughly sound and healthy condition, and if to the director of the company, who in August last came to THE MINING EECORD. Rossland at the instance of the shareholders, to examine the mine, after a residence of three months spent in investigation utterly disputes Mr. Macdonald's conclusions. This gentleman's detailed report has not yet been made public, but he has meanwhile cabled an advance statement to the London board in which he estimates the ore in sight above the 900-foot level in the Le Roi to be 484,000 tons and places the net profit for the financial year at $585,000. The despatch further states that all of the year's profit earnings have been expended in improvements and that in consequence the mine and smelter are magnificently equipped. It is also intimated that under capable management the property is now in a position to earn dividends for shareholders and that the ore showings in the lower levels are most promising, the shoot at the 900-foot level having widened from 12 to 35 feet in the 170 feet driven along it, with an average value of $15.75. As the average value of the ore sent to the smelter during the 12 months ending June 30, was $13.16 the last admission is an important one. These figures include the cost of mining', smelting and all other charges, so that whatever the ore runs over the figures variously given will be net profit to the shareholders. If the new manager can carry out his promise of reducing the cost of production and smelting to $7.50 or $7, it will readily be seen that the property, now so well equipped, is likely to make a good showing this coming year. The interesting table below, which is taken from the report of the Centre Star Mining Company for the year ending September 30, 1901, shows in full detail the cost of the development work done in the mine during the year : Sinking Sinking Main Small Shafts. Shafts. Raising. Drilling Total advance feet 337 50.5 324.5 2,107 COST PER FOOT. \- £,r'lling $i295 $761 $751 $543 2. Blasting 489 177 205 095 3. Explosives 391 339 327 281 4. General mine supplies 235 154 097 057 5. Mine lighting—candles 062 035 016 016 6. Mine lighting—electric 072 027 019 016 7. Smithing T 09 ! l8 0 g6 o6 8. Shoveling—direct 1966 592 083 1 11 9- Shovehng-appoitioned .... 1 S4 055 048 046 10. Timbering—labour 960 1 23 305 017 11. Timbering-material 316 012 074 005 12. Machine drill fittings 115 z 23 x£ 064 13. General mine labour 781 433 283 211 14. Hoisting undergound 1428 727 016 15 • Hoisting main shaft 219 o 92 071 o 65 16. Compressed air 2 ot 156 flE r^2 17. Mne ventilation % ° o t J JJ gg I Generyalegxpense77777.77: |g |g || || T°tal $99 16 $4493 $3112 $20 37 t The ^ above ^ves the work done during the year • uoTtnf ihat thlS rrk madG the t0taI accomplished up to the close of the year as follows : Main shaft VLt -I ''^T-T- and Sma11 Shafts> x>643 feet; raising,' 1,841.;, feet; drifting, 11,289 feet. Beyond being told that all the profit so far made has thTsmeTe ^r*^*™**^* ^ mine an of thT?. R,^ PUWlC 1S l6ft m the darkas to the state ot the Le Roi s accounts. After working the prooertv for three years the company has paid $250,00?^^ been accomphshed it will be necessary to see the figures of the balance sheet, which will doubtless be given when Mr. Frecheville's report is published next month. The Centre Star and War Eagle have recently been pumped out and work on a small scale has been resumed at both properties. Returns of operations at the Centre Star were presented at the annual meeting in November and show that the indebtedness of the company was reduced from $180,000 to $42,000;- in addition to which $105,000 was paid this year in divi- dends, making a total profit distribution of $175,000 to date. ' Work will be confined to development operations for at least six months to come. At the War Eagle if work on anything like an extensive scale is undertaken the property may yet prove to be a valuable mine. Unlike the Centre Star, which is a single claim, the War Eagle comprises a group of five or six adjoining properties, and tests by diamond drill on the undeveloped ground are said to have afforded very satisfactory results. An amalgamation of all War Eagle-Centre Star properties into one company or the acquirement of these properties by an English syndicate is quite among the immediate possibilities. After the Le Roi itself, the Le Roi No. 2, once it is out of the Whitaker Wright tangle, is the most promising property in the camp. It has paid one dividend this year of $144,000, but at present its real financial position is unknown. The mine is both well developed and fairly well equipped. In a much less degree the same favourable opinion can be expressed of the Rossland Great Western, with this difference, that it has paid no dividend and possibly is not provided with an adequate working capital. The mine has been more or less considerably developed and is equipped with a good power plant of its own. Its future will depend a good deal upon careful management. The Kootenay mines are the least satisfactory of the B. A. C. promotions. Development has disclosed large bodies of low-grade ore, but unless some means can be devised for treating the output at a lesser cost the mine can not be profitably worked. The Iron Mask, which was closed down during the summer, is in a somewhat similar position. The money realized by assessing the stock has been expended and although a great deal of development work has been I accomplished, no timbering of any consequence has been done and expenditure in this particular would be very considerable. The company has not announced its future plans. Some 3,500 tons of ore were sent to the Trail smelter during the first half of 1901. But little change has taken place in the position at the I. X. L. during the year. The high-grade ore which has been sent to the Northport smelter has realized well and the proceeds from these sales have been expended in further developing the property. Very favourable anticipations were entertained in respect to this year's developments at the Homestake mine in the South belt, though they do not appear to have been realised. Large expenditures have been made during the last 12 months in developing the mine and a good body of low-grade ore has been uncovered, according to the interim report of the directorate in October. Further operations, however, were suspended for want of money to continue. It was said, mean- while, that the trial shipment to the Trail smelter was disappointing. The Giant mine has been tentatively operated this year with reasonably satisfactory results, the shipments to Trail having also been encouraging. The property has been acquired under London joint stock auspices which has taken over the property, and under D J THE MINING RECORD. Macdonald's management the mine is being thoroughly prospected, and a supply of power has been made the subject of an arrangement with the owners of the California mine. A diamond drill has of late been successfully operated on the White Bear and the Green Mountain properties and development work is in progress following the ore bodies encountered by the drill. No discoveries of importance, however, have yet been made on either property. Although well equipped, the California has not been operated since the early part of the year. The property is said to be waiting for stock market developments, and when these are arranged work will be resumed. and the Trail smelter for lowering the rates of freight and treatment. At Northport the plant has been greatly enlarged and improved, the Great Northern railway having also lowered the freight rate for the transportation of ore from 75c. to 40c. per ton. PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NELSON DISTRICT IN 1901. By Horace G. Nichols, A. R. S. M. SO many have been the obstacles to be overcome and the difficulties in the path of real progress, during the past year, that at this latter end, it behooves one, in reviewing the present state of development, to Falls Near Nelson. Operations at the Velvet mine on Sophie mountain have been conducted under the direction of a new manager during the year. The cost of production was originally disproportionately heavy and the mine is being further developed. A waggon road has also been recently built. When more adequate transportation arrangements are effected the mine can undoubtedly be profitably operated, and the same may be said concerning other properties in the immediate neighbourhood which have been developed with some success during the past year. The Spitzee has been very successfully developed during 1901. Returns from trial shipments consigned to the smelter have been exceedingly satisfactory. The smelter situation has changed but little during the year and apparently no agreement has been come to between Mr. Gooderham's syndicate, the C. P. R. give due weight to the moral significance of failures avoided, as well as to the actual success achieved. A greater hesitation would without doubt, be felt in basing the claims to progress in any district on such negative grounds, were the causes which have so militated against general advancement less widely spread, and their influence of more limited range. Chief among the causes have been the scarcity of money due in a great measure to the prolongation of the South African war, the continued depression in the silver-lead market and the unsatisfactory relations at present existing in many places between capital and labour. A discussion on these subjects lies happily outside the scope of this article, let it suffice to say that we dream of an era ensuing, when the possibility of satisfying the Boer appetite for lead, shall have been sufficiently real- THE MINING RECORD. ised, to so reduce the surplus of that metal in the market, as to permit of mining operations being carried on at a profit adequate to the elimination of all causes of dispute and the establishment of a suitable asylum for agitators. In the Nelson district the conditions obtaining at the commencement of the year were such as demanded every encouragement for the assurance of a satisfactory issue. A period of relapse, following after a more or less fictitiously inflated condition of buoyancy was in existence and the numberless troubles commonly attending the aftermath of an overboomed camp had to be contended with. The promoter of the wild-cat schemes and irresponsible middlemen had reaped their harvests, at the expense of the district, and the glamour of fabulous un- ings as the Ymir Gold Mines, Limited, the Hall Mining and Smelting Company, Ltd., in both branches of their operations, the Arlington mine and other well-known producers, from which a distinctly reassuring impression is obtained, not only as to the status and future of these undertakings themselves, but also as to the promise of the district of which they are at present the chief ornaments. It would seem to be but a conservative forecast to say that Ymir Gold Mines, Ltd., have a mine for whose output, even their well equipped 8o-stamp mill will soon be insufficient. The Silver King mine, the property of the Hall Mining & Smelting Co., after many vicissitudes, would appear to give promise of handsomely repaying the steady application of the company's energies to devel- Bonnington Falls, Kootenay River, from C. P. Ry. certainty was gone ; but yet there was developing a new and general feeling of settled industrial progress, enhanced and strengthened by some instances of notable successes in mining undertakings. The market effect on a field so circumstanced of further deterrent influences can readily be conceived, and might indeed, at first sight, and for want of impartial consideration, be overestimated, 'and the noticeable lack of many evidences of actual progress be scored against the country to any great extent, perhaps, not warranted by the actual facts. The possession of power, and the potentiality of achievement, may be as well indicated by a stand, made in the face of opposing forces, as by rapid advancement along lines of less resistance, and the more hopeful view of the situation is certainly borne out by the results of operations conducted by such undertak- opmentin the lower levels, a result specially satisfactory in its bearing on the subject of permanence of the ore bodies of the district with depth. During the year some 5,000 feet of development work was done, all below the 500-foot level, and of this total amount fifty per cent, was on and between the 800, 900 and 1,000-foot levels, and the ore bodies thus opened up, have yielded a net profit on working of $30,000 per month since shipping was resumed in July. Two years ago the Silver King was supposed, in certain quarters, to be worked out, so far as ore which could be profitably extracted was concerned, and the present results cannot be afforded too great a significance as evidencing the progressive spirit in general obtaining throughout the district. As set out in the company's report, the decline in the price of silver and lead, severely felt as it was by the mines upon whose output the smelter was so largely de- THE MINING RECORD. pendent was indirectly as well as directly, responsible for a falling off in the smelter returns. Another indication of growth is to be found in the suggestion, much discussed during the year of the establishment of a lead refinery at Nelson. Certain steps have been taken with a view to carrying out this project, and it is greatly to be hoped that a rise in the price of lead and silver, in the near future, may lend to the scheme sufficient guarantee of success to ensure of its early materialisation. The adoption of electrical power would, without doubt, greatly facilitate the handling of many properties at present handicapped by reason of the large initial expense requisite for the proving of their merits and for the conversion of so many prospects into a condition of calculable value. And here again it is encouraging to learn that the Hall Mining & Smelting Co. propose to install electrical machinery at their mine and smelter. summit of the Rocky mountains practically to the coast line, a distance of about 360 miles, and in a northerly direction it covers a distance of about 170 miles. Its total area threefore is approximately 60,000 square miles. In a northerly direction running through the centre of the district is an extensive, wide and well-defined trough or valley through which the present drainage system of the country passes. To the east and west of this level portion of the district the country gradually rises, becoming rougher and more broken till it finally culminates in the rugged snow-clad peaks of the Rocky mountains and Coast ranges. This rougher portion of the country is comparatively unknown so far as developments are concerned, but numerous ledges containing lead, copper, silver and gold have been discovered and in the near future, with the advent of railways, these will undoubtedly become valuable. Vibw of Morehead Lake Dam and Camp Buildings. ■ Sustained confidence in the district is also shown by the number of claims recorded during th& year, which is in excess of the number recorded in 1900, and by the large number of assessments made, amounting to nearly 1,300. To sum up, the experiences of the past year in Nelson district afford many indications of an inherent soundness requiring but the re-establishment of normal conditions to produce more active progress and the further development of its resources. THE MINING INDUSTRY IN CARIBOO DISTRICT, B. C. By Thos. Drummond, B. Sc, (McGill), M.E., M.C.S.C.E., &c. THE mining divisions of Quesnelle and Cariboo taken together form what is commonly known as the Cariboo district. It is an area of considerable extent, extending in a westerly direction from the This central valley is of great importance to the country. It affords easy gradients for railways and waggon roads, and through it passes the main artery of the country in the shape of the Cariboo waggon road, with its numerous branches to the various mining centres of the district. Then in part it is a grass country supporting numerous herds of cattle, and including a very considerable area of good arable land from which good crops of roots, vegetables and grain are obtained. From a mining point of view it is of especial importance because it is covered with alluvial deposits in the shape of gravel, etc., all of which is auriferous to a greater or lesser extent. We also know that there are many very extensive systems of ancient channels or buried rivers, much larger and more extensive than the modern ones as can easily be seen ; for the agencies which formed these immense gravel deposits must certainly have been much greater than any which now exist. These ancient channels at one time formed the drainage system of the country. As exploited, most of THE MINING RECORD. these channels are rich in gold and where they are crossed by the modern streams these have also been enriched. They are, I take it, the main source of supply of the gold which has been, and will be, obtained from the district. In distinction to shallow placers these deeper deposits require a heavy initial outlay for plant, exploitation and opening up. The prospects of success, however, are such that the available placer ground promises to yield Two 8-inch streams opening; up Pit No. 2, at S. Fork Mine, Cariboo. a much greater output of gold in the future than was ever obtained even in the palmiest days of mining in the district. Placer gold is also an indication of quartz gold, and one reason why this has not been found to any great extent near by, is probably due to the fact that the gold has been transported for a considerable distance in these old channels. British Columbia has produced a large amount of gold as is well known, and the bulk of this has been obtained from the alluvial deposits of Cariboo district. Placer mining therefore is its principal industry, and it is the mining lookout from this point of view which I wish to notice, in reviewing briefly here operations during the past year. The most important mining centres are Barkerville, Quesnelle Forks, Keithley creek, and Snowshoe creek and Horsefly. The Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Mining Co., Ld.— This mine is situated at Bullion, on the southerly side of the South Fork of the Quesnelle river, about four miles above the town ot Quesnelle Forks. The company hold a number of leases covering the old channel system in this vicinity, which consists of immense deposits of high-grade auriferous gravel. The water supply is obtained from Polley, Bootjack and Morehead lakes by an extensive system of canals with a delivering capacity at the mine of 5,000 miner's inches of water under a head of 400 feet. In the aggregate this canal system is 33 miles long. The mine is fully equipped with all the modern hydraulic appliances necessary for working gravel on a large scale. An electric and power plant was installed this season to light the mine and houses, and to operate drills, etc., for bed-rock cuts, and the company also operate a telephone system 35 miles in length. On May 12 the company exploded a bank blast containing 4,540 kegs, or II3<S°° pounds of black powder, which broke up eight acres of ground and made available for washing 4,000,- 000 cubic yards of gravel. A new camp is also beine built near the waggon road and clear of the channel, consisting of five stores, store houses, shops, dwelling houses, residences, etc., and the construction of these will all be completed about the end of the present year. The bank is about 350 feet high and the average value claimed for the gravel is 27 3-10 cents per cubic yard. The mine has produced $1,020,400 exclusive of the amount produced under the management of the original Chinese owners. The total amount of gold recovered this season is $142,000—a falling off from last year due to the unusually dry season and small snowfall of the previous winter. The annual precipitation was 10 42-100 inches less than for the previous year, making an actual shortage in the water supply of 128,428 miner's inches. The season's operations were confined to the removal of the low-grade top material and when the water failed there was uncovered 1,000 feet in length of bottom pay gravel, which will come into next season's work. No dividends have as yet been declared and the profits have been used in extending the water system and enlarging the plant. When this work is completed the mine will be in a position to pay handsome profits. Roses Gulch Mining Co.—The mine is owned by Messrs. John McRae and James Bain. The water is taken from Roses lake and delivered at the mine with a head of about 150 feet through a ditch about two miles in length. The owners are working in on the old channel coming through Roses lake, and the leases cover one and a half miles of it, and operated in the spring and fall with a small hydraulic plant while the water lasts, with a working season of several months. A permanent supply can be obtained from Spanish lake by building about seven miles of ditch. The bank is about 75 feet high. The top ground carries fair values in fine gold, but the actual pay is about 10 feet thick on bed rock, well washed lead gold and fairly course pieces as large as $17 having been obtained. The available dump into the Quesnelle river is about 400 feet, and the present dump' about 150 feet. The property pays a small dividend and with a good Melting: Room at Cariboo Hydraulic Mine, with gold ingot in foreground valued at $134,728. permanent supply of water it would probably yield good values and rich returns. Joe Moore Co.—This claim apparently is on a higher channel than the last. The channel was first located by sinking a shaft and this season the claim was opened by drifting through the rim into gravel. The gravel is now being washed through sluce boxes with satisfactory results, I am informed. (To be continued in our next). THE MINING RECORD. though MINING ON THE KLONDIKE.* METHOD OF " FIRING," ALSO OF THAWING BY STEAM, AND DESCRIPTION OF MINING METHODS USED. By A. J. Bowie, M.E. INFORMATION received from an Indian in the spring of 1896 led one, George Carmack, a pioneer in the Northwest Territory, to prospect a tributary of the Troandyke river for gold. His labours were rewarded by its discovery on a stream subsequently named Bonanza creek, about thirteen miles distant in a southerly direction from what is now known as Dawson, estimated elevation 1,012 feet above sea level, distance from St. Michael's on Behring sea, via Yukon river, is about 1,800 miles, Yukon territory. The Troandyke (Indian name) river, now corrupted to Klondike, enters the Yukon river fifteen miles above Fort Reliance. It is a swift, shallow and clear stream, flowing over a bed of coarse gravel about 175 yards wide at its mouth. Its length is still unknown, prospectors' have ascended it fully one hundred miles, the last twenty miles flowing between low-wooded mountains which descend to the very edge of the stream. The district drained by it above the point where Hunker creek joins (12 miles above Dawson) is a " terra incognita " to the miner. The valley beyond broadens into a plain, and farther on the mountains converge to the stream. The gold-bearing tributaries of the Klondike rise toward the east and de- boqche^on its southerly side in the following order : 1. Bonanza creek (about 23 miles long) joirts the river one and a half miles above thejjunction of the Klondike and the Yukon. 2. Quigley creek (five or six miles long) debouches about 2% miles above the mouth of Bonanza.:^3. Three miles farther up stream, Bear creek, 12 miles long, empties. 4. Four miles beyond Bear creek is Hunker creek, about 20 miles in length. 5. Slate creek (approximately 12 miles long) meets the Klondike 14 miles above the mouth of Beyond Slate creek; 14 or 15 miles, is the confluence of " Too Much Gold " creek and the river, and between "Too Much Gold" and " All Gold" creek, which is 10 miles beyond " Too Much Gold" and the Klondike, the river forks. The first mentioned creek is estimated to be about 23 miles in length and the latter to exceed 20 miles. The grades of all the creeks are very light. The widths of the creek bottom from rim to rim, vary in the several tributaries. Bonanza creek has been estimated to be from 300 to 1,200 feet — averaging less' than 700 feet, and Eldorado creek, a tributary of Bonanza creek, eight miles long, is between hills from 200 to 800 feet apart at their base. Eldorado creek, the scene of the subsequent gold discoveries, joins Bonanza creek at Grand Forks, about one-half mile above Carmack's Bonanza discovery. Indian River Division.—Dominion creek, Sulphur creek, Quartz creek, and other tributaries of Indian river, all within 45 miles of the mouth of the Klondike, though situated in the Indian River division of the Yukon district, are considered a part of the Klondike gold fields. (Vid. Appeal of the Yukon miners of the Dominion. Pub. Ottawa, 1898, which gives a most interesting account of the condition of mining affairs in the Provisional district of Yukon). The published accounts of the richness of Eldorado and Bonanza creek placers caused the "rush" from all parts of the world to this country during1'97 and '98. Mineral Resources.—-The mineral resources of this "Land of Northern Lights and Midnight Sun," with the exception of a small area around Dawson (outside of a radius of 50 miles the country is unknown) are still undeveloped, owing to the severity of winters and the difficulties of summer travelling. Seasons.—June, July, August and September are called the summer months and all the others are included in winter. In mid-winter day is only four hours long, and in mid-summer there are twenty-four hours daylight. The temperature ranges from 95 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade in the latter season to 70 degrees below zero in the winter, a lower temperature than that recorded by Nansen in Greenland,' or his recent Polarexplorations. Hunker. * Reproduced by special arrangement with the proprietors of Mines and Minerals, Scranton, Pennsylvania. Starting a Shaft in the Klondike. Road Trails.—No roads existed in the Yukon Territory, not even in Dawson. Mere zigzag lines through " muck " and water indicated the summer trails. The surface of the ground is covered with moss under which, where undisturbed, the soil is frozen to bed rock at all seasons. The water from melting snows, rains and springs, partially absorbed by the moss, drains through the creeks into rivers which flow to the sea. Muck.—The soil underlying the moss, locally called " muck " is composed of the lighter silts, clay and sand, constituting a thick bed overlying the auriferous gravels. Surplus waters collect under the moss forming immense pools and quagmires. These bogs or swamps, through which " the traveller flounders painfully " are scattered over plateaux and along the flanks and on the ridges of the highest ranges. Travel.—The prospector carrying on his back his tools, food and blankets, travels slowly and the work is so laborious " that only strong men dare attempt it and few succeed in getting far from Dawson." No supply station existed nearer than Dawson, and.on a thirty- mile tramp a man could pack but a very limited food supply, consequently work has been necessarily limited. Winter Temperatures.—In winter, travel over these vast solitudes of snow-covered stretches is .not inviting. L iO THE MINING RECORD, Bleak winds, drifting and blinding snows, temperatures ranging day after dav 40. 5° to 70 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, and no shelter beyond the creeks, were conditions to be met which appalled the stoutest hearts while the remains of many a brave fellow fallen on the trail evidenced the hardships of the country and the severity of the Arctic climate. Underlying Rocks.-Granite, granitic schists, and metamorphic slates underlie the auriferous wash ot the Klondike. The Klondike placers so far as developed have presented no novel geological features. _ Origin of the Placers.—Then origin, judging from their composition and positions may be ascribed to erosions occurring at different geological periods in which submergence and elevation were the most important factors. The silts which cover the gravel wash indicate lacustrine origin, and according to the Canadian (Vid. Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report 1887, pp. 42, 42, 46,) geological investigations those of the Upper Yukon appear to have been largely derived _ from material ground out of the rocks by glacial action. The Klondike fields can be compared to those described by Murchison as occurring on the flanks of the Ural. There are no gold-bearing river channels like those existing in California, nor is there any evidence of gold placers of glacial origin. Occurrence. —These placers are found along the lines of natural drainage, the topographical features indicating the general direction of the gold alluvions. This does not imply that the miner sinking on a stream flowing in its present course will strike, on first attempt, the channel, but refers to the general course of the wash as indicated by the enclosing ranges. Depth of Gravel.— The depth of the gravel varies with the waves in the bed rock and its position in the line of wash, ranging in places from only a few inches up to eight or ten feet. This must not be confounded with the " pay streak " which varies in the gravel from a few inches to four feet in thickness and in some instances more, but they are exceptions. Pay 071 Bed Rock.—On Dominion creek, 35 miles distant southeasterly from Dawson in the Indian River district, so far as ascertained, the pay is confined chiefly to the bed rock, and it is in such localities that fabulously rich pans are obtained which are misleading. Location of Pay.—The location of pay gravel can only be determined by explorations and, when struck, it requires development to predetermine economical results. These subterranean creeks or gulch channels will be found to follow along between the encompassing ranges in conformity with the bed rock and the shifting of the flow, not in any way indicated by the present surface conditions. (The old channel deposits, where developed, are found to have followed a direct course with large curves, but no sinuosities). Corroborative of this can be cited an instance where, on a Bonanza creek claim, ten shafts were sunk without striking pay, the eleventh shaft finding it. This is not an exceptional case. Pay Dirt.—The term " pay dirt" is meant to include so much of the gravel and bed rock as can be profitably mined. Pay dirt with this definition is a variable quantity, dependent not only on its gold contents, but on the depth of the gravel and on the cost of labour and supplies. These identical conditions fix the workable width of the wash, even within the restricted lines of the rim rock. Hill /^^.-Prospectors in the summer of 1898 discovered^ by means of shafts, sunk along the hills bordering Bonanza and Eldorada creeks, an upper line of auriferous alluvions several hundred feet above he. creek bottoms. The course of this deposit skirts the top cf French hill, running down Eldorado to Gold hill thence to Cheechaco hill, along Bonanza creek across Adams gulch, following Bonanza creek considerably farther down, finally crossing it and debouching near the Klondike. This upper deposit consists ot masses of quartz carrying gold. This quartz mass bears every evidence of its reef or vein origin, and as far as developed is from 200 to 300 feet in width. Value of Hill and Creek Gold.—The gold it contains is worth from $10.50 to $12 per oz., whereas the creek gold, which is well water worn, varies from $15 to $17 per ounce. Wherever a break in the hillside line occurs, the claims on the creek immediately below are invariably rich. This has been proven notably at No. 17 Eldorado and on the " Dick Lowe Faction," and on No. 2 below Discovery on Bonanza creek, where the working of Dumps Containing $450,000, Showing Shaft Cribbing. these claims showed the local enrichment of the placers, not only by the increased bullion yield, but by the presence also of the two distinct classes of gold obtained in the "clean-ups." These local enrichments are in marked distinction to deposits found on the line of the junction of two flowing streams, which are here proven to follow the same course as experienced in Australia, the rich ground being below the junction on gently undulating bed rock. The Lower Klondike.—The Lower Klondike region is very rugged and has been described as " hill crowding hill, mountain jostling mountain, on and on they sweep to the uttermost reach of the vision. (Page 31, Appeal of Yukon miners to the Dominion Government). The remote situation of the mines, the difficulties of travel with attendant privations, high prices of labour and supplies, apart from questions of legislation, have here made mining unique. The season of 1897-8 found the miner in this bleak district with a general scarcity of provisions staring him in the face, with few tools and appliances for mining at his command. That gold existed in many of the creeks had been definitely ascertained, but how to extract it and mine at a profit taxed his ingenuity. There was no powder at hand, no machinery or steam power. THE MINING RECORD. 11 obtainable ; subsequently some powder was obtained and blasting tried on the frozen ground. Apart from its prohibitive cost, the results were unsatisfactory. Recourse was taken to firing. Free Miners' License.—The creek bottoms and hillsides were fairly well wooded with birch and stunted spruce, and by virtue of the Free Miners' License, any miner had the right to cut all the wood he required for the use of his claim, on any government land not previously covered by a concession. The cost of fuel at this period was that of cutting and hauling. The rapidity with which the prevailing timber was removed and used from the surrounding country seemed incredible. Every one resorted to firing ; the whole country teemed with burning shafts, discharging smoke in volumes, darkening what little was left of daylight. Channel Mining.— The channels are exploited and mined by means of shafts sunk 30 feet apart when in pay gravel. Drifts opening faces for breasts are driven half way from each shaft forming air connections, the distance of a "box length" (12 feet) being considered the most convenient for skidding. All the gravel with- Fire Just Starting in Shaft, Klondike Region. in that distance being worked through the respective shafts. Shafts.—As a rule shafts are located as near the line of present surface drainage as circumstances and conditions permit. Their depths vary in accordance with their location and the position of the deposits on the creeks. On Dominion creek they may be averaged at 20 feet, on Bonanza, Eldorado and Hunker creeks from 12 to 25 feet, while on Sulphur 40 to 50 feet will be the average required to work the pay streak. Timbering.—Timbering is rarely required on account of the compact overlying muck, which, after the gravel has been mined, settles down at the point of least resistance, until it rests on bed rock. The surface dirt around the collar of the shaft is generally secured by cribbing with round poles, and as the dumps are raised the mouth of the shaft is built up with notched timbers closely set together. What is most noticeable is the number of shafts required by this system of mining, entailing an enormous expenditure for dead work. The field presented to the miner is not especially an inviting one for work. The surface in winter is covered with snow or ice, under which lies the moss one or two feet deep, reposing on the soil and muck already described, which in turn overlies the gravel. The location of the shafts having been determined on, mining then commences. As preliminary to shaft firing, the moss is first removed from the ground with a mattock, then the muck which varies in places from six to forty feet in depth, is attacked with a pick. In a shaft 4x6 feet sinking progresses at the rate of five feet per ten-hour shift. Gravel.—When the gravel is encountered firing is begun, eight to fifteen inches being thawed per burning, depending on the character of the gravel, moderate- sized cobbles carrying the heat deeper than the fine sandy material. Fires.—The fire made with dry kindling and logs covering the bottom of the shaft is lighted and allowed to burn out, when the shaft is cleaned of the thawed gravel and the burning continued till bed rock is reached. It can be frequently arranged so as to have two fires on a ten-hour shift. The bed rock being: reached drifting: fires are started around the sides of the shaft. Firing for drifting and breasting is totally different from firing for sinking. Dry kindling is prepared and cut in convenient lengths for splitting, say 2^ feet long. This kindling is laid along the face of the ground to be thawed, on cross pieces spaced 2^ feet apart. Over the kindling dry wood and odds and ends of brands left over from former fires are piled, which are in turn closely covered with green wood piled lengthwise, the whole forming an angle from the ground to the top of the pile against the face of the gravel to a height of 2j^ feet, carefully banked. The space between the cross pieces under the kindling is left for purpose of draft and lighting. A fire built, as described on the following page, against a breast 25 feet long and 2^ feet high, requiring half a cord of wood, will thaw about five cubic yards of gravel as it lies in the deposit. Wood for firing formerly cost $25.00 per cord. Time of Burning.—-When the weather is very cold and the draft strong, the fires are • not lighted before 10 p. m., and should burn out between 5 a. m. and 6 a. m. the following day, in time for the works to be cleared of smoke and gas to permit the morning shift to resume operations. Firing on Dominion Creek.— During the winter of 1898-9 on Dominion creek, at No. 13 above Lower Discovery claim, it was found that firing four faces, each 30 feet in length, required the labour of one man two hours daily to cut sufficient., shavings with a draw-knife to make the fires, or a daily cost of $2 for shavings. Messrs. Waterman and Mayon, who were working the claim, substituted rags soaked with kerosene. The results obtained were most satisfactory. Ten gallons of kerosene costing $28 last six weeks, as against $84 for shavings. Apart from the saving of time and money the burning of the fires was assured, a most important feature. This system of mining only allows seven hours' work for the handling of the gravel, the remaining time being required for sawing, splitting the wood, and laying the fires. Action of Heat on Ground.—When the fires have started and the ground becomes heated the gravel soon drops from above and buries the green wood covering, retaining the heat, which with the smoke creeps along the roof of the drift or breast, making for the shaft. There results a caving of the material along its entire course, particularly around the shaft, the caves extend- 12 THE MINING RECORD. ing to the muck, necessitating the handling of tons of waste, and later, with the advent of mild weather, the destruction of the pit. , Handling of Gravel-—Tbe gravel as thawed in the breast, is handled immediately to prevent its freezing- back. It is shoveled into wooden buckets holding about 120 pounds each, skidded or dragged to the shaft and windlassed to the surface, where it is dumped alongside of the shaft and freezes over again. There it remains to be thawed out by Nature or otherwise till slmced in summer. . , Work Shut Down.— Breasting and drifting cease with mild weather on account of the water in the ^drifts, caving of the ground, and dangers from asphyxiation..The gravel being mined and piled in dumps around the shafts, with the advent of the water season, sluicing commences, the necessary preparations for same being made already. Impounding Waters.—The light grades in the creeks necessitate the impounding of waters to enable the miner to sluice the dirt, and also occasion frequent handling of the tailings. As the claims vary from 250 to 500 feet in length, it is patent how aggravated the situation becomes. Dams.—It is estimated that an ordinary temporary dam costs per claim $1,000, and structures are known to have required as much as $8,000 to erect. Most all of the dams, such as they are, are sooner or later in the season swept away by flood. Centrifugal Pumps.—Centrifugal pumps in instances are found to be convenient and economical for supplying water for sluicing and have been found very efficient for draining underground works. In many instances old works have been used as storage reservoirs, and the water subsequently pumped from them and used for sluicing purposes over and over again. Canvas Hose.—Canvas hose is an excellent substitute for flumes, where the price of labour and material is so high, and as the quantity of water *■-.;; run per sluice head, here called 60 miners' inches E$ (Canadian measurement), is so small, it can be |-?< used to great advantage if one be permitted to take the water out sufficiently high on the creek, above the claim upon which it is to be employed. Waste Ditches.—The cost of the waste ditches to carry off surplus waters of the creeks depends on their length, which vary with attendant circumstances. Sluices.—Sluices, so-called, are built of one-inch pine lumber, 12-ft. lengths. They are 11 inches at top, 10 inches deep, bottoms 13 inches wide, 10 inches deep. These boxes are nailed together and made in 12-ft. lengths, and strengthened with strips for small posts, and sills are required. The boxes are set one in the other by dropping the narrow end of the box into the flared upper end ; the edges and leaks being stopped with rags. This style of sluice, as set, is well calculated to afford the smallest discharge for the material used in its construction, as well as to entail a continuous loss of grade. Riffles.—Pole riffles are in general use. The boxes are cleaned up daily after sluicing. No quicksilver is used, the bulk of the gold being caught in the boxes into which the dirt is shoveled. The gold obtained is taken in pans or kettles, panned out, dried and cleaned of sand and iron and ready for the market. Sluice Grade.—The grade of the sluices is apparently regulated by the idea of the person running the claim. The sluices are placed as close as they can be conveniently to the dumps. When the water season arrives and the gravel is sufficiently thawed, it is shoveled by hand into them. The men along the sluice throw out all the rocks which the water will not carry off. Large rocks are taken by hand and cleaned in the sluices. The attendant expenses of this method of sluicing are considerable. Economical Question.—The workings of these placers as described brings one face to face with the study of the economical question involved in order to establish a basis for their valuation. It is a well-authenticated fact that ground in several of the claims in the Klondike gold fields have yielded $35 per cubic yard, but neither the extent of the areas nor the cost of working them has ever been stated. Auriferous deposits with a high yield per cubic yard, and a large available area do not alone constitute a rich mine, as the commercial value of a mine is determined by the relation of the yield per cubic yard to the cost of obtaining its corresponding yield in precious metal, or, in a word, the difference between the money yield of the bullion and its cost of production. Official Data.—Official data on file in the offices of the Canadian government give " the cost of handling dirt (summer work) from ground sluicing to clean-up averaged (labour bills) $5 per cubic yard on the entire quan- ifiitt :-j§7^:'H.m^a»<^0^ "'.'.'■"—■' '- : .' ''StS^-'^S^fiLSnSS .'■X.J1 ■■^'g*..J'iJ'-'»-' ^JS^T-f:—...... v ■ .--- ... S ■"■<d ..,.-. <3i :■ ■ «3 ;:.-^ / -?? -:- -c^-- - ■ ^ ">■•; £S> ■ -'*':>?:• .1. -'~■?■ • w.NES ano/mme us ,.._ .; Sketch of Wood Piled for Drift Firing. tity moved," and " the cost of handling dirt from shaft sinking to clean-up (winter work) averaged $12 per cubic yard." These are results of workings done on Eldorado, creek and Bonanza creek in 1897-8, ordinary labour being$i.5oper hour, and provisions correspondingly high. In 1898-9 ordinary labour on Dominion creek ranged from 80 cents to $1 per hour, the expenses of living being the same as that of previous years. The annexed tabulated statement prepared by Douglas Waterman, Esq., shows in detail the exact cost of the working by the firing system on claim No. 13 above Lower Discovery on Dominion creek, after the ground had been thoroughly opened and all attendant preliminary work corn- completed. 1899. Feb. March. April. Number of shafts from which dirt was hoisted . . .... 4 5 4 Number of buckets hoisted 10,872 13,186 11,910 Cubic yards 400 490 440 Number of men employed 12 12 8 Number cords wood burned.... 25 25 15 Labour expense $1,991 25 $2,445 75 $1,625 5° Wood expense 375 00 375 00 225 00 Total expense 2,36625 2,82075 1,85050 Cost per cubic yard 5 91 5 75 4 20 The months of Feb., March and April were the most THE MINING RECORD. 13 advantageous seasons for breasting. Labour was paid $i per hour. No charge is made for wood beyond cost of cutting and hauling. Distance hauled, one-half mile down hill. Thawing by Steam.—In the fall of 1898 a small boiler was erected on claim No. 2, Eldorado creek, to experiment on thawing ground with steam, the idea having .suggested itself that by a direct application of dry steam more economical results could be obtained than by firing. The crude test showed that sinking could be rapidly and cheaply done, but it was not considered to be applicable to drifting. Several other trials of steam thawing were made on Sulphur creek in the winter of 1898-9. Although the apparatus used was most inefficient the results were so encouraging that the idea was quickly grasped, and the opening of navigation in 1899 found nearly every scow and steamboat arriving at Dawson carrying in their cargoes boilers of all sizes, from 5, 10, 20, 25 to 40 horse power. The West coast had been scoured for small hoists and boilers; the pipe boiler, on account of its light weight, being the type generally selected. Small hoisting engines and pipe fittings made their appearance, and with the opening of winter work steam whistles echoed all along the creek. The advantages of steam thawing seemed soon to be recognised by all claim owners who, though they were not familiar with its workings, were afraid some other person might work more economically, so rushed into the market and purchased the plants even before they arrived. First Experience with-Thawers.— The experience with " steam thawers " demonstrated in nearly every case that the capacities of the boilers were insufficient to meet the requirements of the '' points " they were using. In general the steam plants were poorly mounted and unprotected against the elements. The boilers and steam pipes were uncovered,"" and the steam from the boilers to the breasts underground (sometimes 200 feet distant) passed through bare iron pipes. With the temperature of these creeks far below zero Fahrenheit, it can be readily understood how great must have been the waste of fuel and losses due to condensation. Injectors feeding the small boilers did aot keep up the water supply and permit the generation of sufficient steam to feed the " points," resulting in loss of time and frequent deluging of the pipes. Steam Thawing in 1899-1 goo.—During the winter of 1899-1900, steam thawing, as the plants were perfected, gradually showed what could be achieved, and the great advantages over the old system of firing, to wit: 1. It can be used at all seasons. 2. Absolute security to life. 3. No loss of time, can be prosecuted continuously. Dead work reduced to a minimum. Saving in handling waste. Absolute control of the heat. 7. Economy in fuel—direct application of the heat. 8. Expeditious and economical extraction of the gravel. Gravel better thawed and with the use of a small hoist, there is additional economy of labour with an increased output. Thawing Plants.—A thawing plant should consist of a boiler, pipes, set of points, and a hoisting engine with drums complete. The requirements determine the horse power of the boiler, each point used requiring at least two-horse power. The additional power necessary for the hoist depends upon the amount of work to be performed. A 10-point plant should have a 30-horse power boiler. The boiler should supply dry steam. The pipe boilers, which have been extensively used, are short lived, large consumers of fuel and undesirable. 4- 5- 6. .Locomotive boilers have given the best results, but any good boiler will do the work ; it is only a question of .cost, $100 per horse power being the prevailing rate at Dawson. Steam Outfit.—The boiler should be fitted complete with steam drum, mud drum", gauges, valves,' feedpump, oilers, wrenches, complete set of tools, including taps and dies,, and sufficient asbestos or magnesia cov- Steam Thawing Apparatus. ering to thoroughly protect the plant and steam pipes to be used under ground. Special attention should be given to the thorough protection of the main steam pipe leading from the boiler to the shaft. Feed Pipe.—The size of the main feed pipe is regulated by the number of points ; with 10 points a one-inch diameter pipe is necessary. In the drifts the steam pipe is fitted with unions at convenient distances for disconnecting and drainage purposes. The feed pipe is carried down the shaft, and along the drift to the breast where a T is put in, and a cross-head run the full length of tha face to be thawed. Cross-head.—The cross-head is fitted with valves three feet apart, each point having its own valve. A six-foot length of half-inch steam hose connects the point with the valve. Points.—The points are made of ^-inch diameter iron pipe, 2% ^ee^ l°ngi drawn to a point at one end; with 1-8 inch diameter discharge, having on the other end a heavy steel head ij^ inch diameter, 4 inches long "welded or screwed on, and into its side is placed a 3-8 inch nipple connecting with the hose- As the points must be drained each morning a " radiator" valve with a union attached is found most convenient. The hose is fastened to the nipple with baling wire, having first heated the nipple and inserted it hot in the hose. Experience has proven that clamps are of no value. When the pipes have all been connected steam is turned on. -J^'-i In starting the points they are held against the face one by one, and worked into it as the ground thaws, for about ij4 feet, being driven with a wooden maul the remainder of their length. The starting of the point (that is to make the point hold its own weight) only requires about five minutes, the point man inserting them one after another, but it will take fully three hours to work ten points in their full lengths. When the points are in a full head of steam is turned on, and they are allowed to remain in the breast until 5.30 a.m., the following day, supposing that the point man commenced his shift the previous evening at six o'clock. When the points are withdrawn 14 THE MINING RECORD. a- .. a a n,. wpmnmned from Winter work is performed at a sacrifice of energy and the pipes are d.sconnected and the water pumped trom ^ w. f ^ com^ared with the equivalent of labour in the sump. jomn(,ral., 7f,nes which has been attested in the hun- Greund Thawed.—Kn examination of the ground will temperate zones, wnicn nas o evidenced bv the show that the breast has been thawed thoroughly six ft. dreds of cases in J*? Mon4te. Md ™d^°.RJ "£ high and eight ft. deep. In contradistinction to the numerous evil suits ,n His; Majes y Courts^™f ** firing system the thawed mass does not require to be necessarily carried on in the dark » ^e cost^ of hand mg immediately removed, the cobbles and stones in the the gravel are excessive, and[,t |^^not uncommon to lose gravel retaining the heat and doing efficient thawing 24 a dump by floods before it can be sluiced, hours later. (The details of the working of the steam Dumps.— The dumps represent capital expended, and thawer were given by Douglas Waterman, who had the longer they lie the larger the interest account, which charge of the " Points" at No. 45 above Discovery, on jn a country where money draws from two per cent, to Sulphur creek). ten per cent, per month, is worthy of consideration, es- Ulustration of what can be accomplished by steam pecially where people without capital are compelled to thawing is readily seen from the following data show- borrow to carry on mining. ing a day's work done in the spring of 1900, on No. 46 Delays.—The long tedious working season, continu- above Discovery, Sulphur creek. The owner, Mr. War- QUS delays, sfowly accumulating dumps, a late spring, ren, purchased and erected a 20-horse power pipe boiler anxiety over the water, with the uncertainty of the value and connected up with a one-inch steam pipe, 80 lb. cf the clean-up, and the knowledge of a large expense pressure to supply ten points, regulation length, ^-in. account for labour and supplies have been a nightmare diameter, 1-8 inch discharge. to many an honest miner. The points were spaced three feet. The breast had Advantage of Steam Thawing.-Steam thawing obvi- 30 ft. face and the ground was thawed fully eight feet thege * £bles the exp,0*ation of the claim and its in and to a height of six feet. The man in charge of the ation for min; ca/be done most expeditiously points went on shift at 6 p. m. By 10 p. m. all the Ueconom[can thf idit with which ground can points were in their full length, and were run until 5 30 ?' H ^ mostSfavourable a.m. the following: day, when they were disconnected . 1 . . T, . u i , • „ m t.n ^ . . . s . c-" . I season for mining. The simultaneous washing ot the to drain and prevent freezing. . . . .,° . , ., , 5\ g ~, r b r <i gravel enables the miner to know exactly what he can The expense account was as follows : *j J WBSKKBs^SBSS^k 0°o° °a 500-foot claim, with I pay streak 6o feet wide and One day engineer 8 oo 6 feet deep, well managed with a properly-equipped One point man 15 00 plant, can be opened, developed, and cleaned up in 120 One night fireman 800 days from the date of the erection of the machinery, Three-quarters cord of wood 15 00 i . £ • c g , c, ,J ^ J pre supposing a fair water season ot 60 days, bucn a Total $94 00 property will pay a handsome profit, with dirt yielding Work performed was : 600 buckets = 360 lb. gravel four cents a pan. each §1 180,000 lb. hoisted to surface 50 feet and dis- Having determined by prospecting the generai course charged, costing per cubic yard $1.69. These figures of the pay gravel in a claim (500 ft. location), five or six speak for themselves. shafts should be located (100 or 125 feet apart) along Yield and Cost per Cubic Yard.—In discussing this the centre line of the deposit. Two steam thawers can question of yield and cost per cubic yard, one must bear then be placed in position. Each plant should consist in mind the condition of the labour and supply market, of one 35-h. p. boiler complete as already described in at the periods mentioned. Material not available to- this paper. One 15 h. p. hoist complete, with sheaves, day for mining may five years from now be very remun- ropes, buckets, two car tracks complete ; one set of 10 erative as the country is developed, transportation and points, necessary pipes, valves and tools. A small cir- supplies cheapened, and rates for labour lower. cular crosscut saw, which can be attached and run by The pay streak of to-day refers only to such width of the hoisting engine, will be found an invaluable channel as contains sufficient gold to stand the present adjunct. enormous cost of production. It was considered in '97-8 The thawers should be located to divide up the work that ground containing less than 15 cents per pan (a evenly and be, without endangering them, as near as pan is estimated to contain 20 lb. of gravel) was unpro- possible to the workings. The six shafts can be sunk fitable to mine. simultaneously. For this work each plant will require t Labour Rates.—Though labour still remains at 80 cts. one engineer ; one fireman ; four labourers. One poin to $i per hour (July, 1900) with the progress in mining, man for day and one for night shift will be all that is seven cents per pan will now pay handsomely, provided necessary for sinking and drifting. it exists in fair quantities. In a region like the Klon- As the shafts reach bed rock, drifts should be started dike subjected to many changes, fast and hard lines in to connect them np. The two down-stream shafts should the cost of production cannot be drawn. Pioneers are be connected without delay, and a sump excavated in wedded to their own ideas, which they persist in follow- the lower one. A bed-rock drain carefully covered and ing. In time many of their abandoned and now worked protected should, as soan as practicable, be cut in the out deposits will be reopened and found profitable to bottom ot the connecting drift, and its extension carried W°£k7 ,> ■ i ■ ™ on in accordance with the requirements of the situation. Experience Gamed 9-7-8—The experience of 1897-8 Provision being always made for the pumping- of the demonstrated the suicidal policy of the firing system of water from the lowest shaft in case drainaee is riauired rSth hM.ySatlfedWantSOfJthe0,dprOSpect- ' When the shafts have been connected a crossed of the trading companies, and Httle accumulated by the widtl ofThe" ^han^ Tt^Thould ^faced Outside capital is gradually being- invested and * frw li°lg ^ ™&m d"ft' a"d a movable turntable laid at enterprises will be carried out onTscakCommensurate 32„?°Mf,e?i.-aS OCCasio,\demands- With the com- with the requirements. a scale commensurate pletion of this work and the placing of the sluices arranged for direct dumping of the gravel into them as THE MINING RECORD, 15 hoisted, the claim is ready for the advent of the water season. Breasting.—The method at present followed for breasting, commences work immediately at the shaft, which to say the least is in every way objectionable. Were the deposits covered by a greater depth of material and the channel wider, a modified form of "long- wall system of mining " could be worked to advantage, but the short-water season, narrow channels, liability to trouble from infiltrating waters, and excessive costs in everything, make it desirable to mine out the ground as rapidly as possible, avoiding all use of timbers, leaving the falling waste to take care of itself, keeping the drainage open and the shafts at all times secure and intact. To accomplish this purpose, breasting with thawers should commence at the intersection of the main drift and with the crosscuts. The corners are first thawed off, and gradually the largest and most convenient faces are afforded for the work. As mining progresses the work nears the pits, the gravel as excavated being transported on trucks to the nearest respective shafts, making the longest haul say 50 feet in main drift. The handling of waste is avoided and the " muck " settles down on the bed rock as the men recede from the worked out breasts, the track being pari passu withdrawn, and the turntables retired. Finally all that remains to be excavated is the gravel immediately around the shafts, which can be handled without danger when required. This method insures absolute security to all employed and can be expeditiously and economically carried out. Cost.—On the basis suggested the following tables give an estimate of the cost of working a gravel claim in the Klondike district with a properly equipped steam- thawing plant, when installed and well managed : Estimated cost of working claim with one 35-h. p. boiler plant, ten points, 15-h. p. hoist. Labour rate 80 cents per hour ; fuel $20 per cord ; two 10-hour shifts : Labour $9,480 00 Fuel 1,80000 Shafts 3,16000 Drifts 2,667 00 Sluicing 1,70000 Management 3,000 00 $20,807 00 Amount of gravel hoisted and sluiced, 60,000 buckets or 1,000 buckets daily = 3,000 cubic feet — per 60-day season 6,667 cubic yards = cost of $3.12 per cubic yd. or 162 pans per cubic yard = cost .0192 cents per pan. Estimate of cose of working claim with two 35-h.p. plants, two 35-h.p. boilers, two 15-h. p. hoists and 20 points, two 10-hour shifts, labour and fuel rates at above prices: Labour •. .$18,960 0° Fuel 3.6o° 00 Shaft 2,16000 Drifts 2,667 00 Sluicing ' 3>400 00 Management 3)°°° 0O $33,787 00 The output of this plant should be 360,000 cubic ft. of gravel during a 60-days season === 13-334 yards, which would make the cost of mining $2.53 per cubic yard, or .0156 cents per pan of 20 lb. of gravel. The estimate of the cost of sinking and drifting is based on the known work which can be done with the points per diem. The sinking and opening up of the claims can be readily accomplished in 60 days making, say, a total season of four months. The estimated cost of two such plants as referred to is placed at $15,000. The plant could not be purchased in Dawson and placed in the mine for that figure. When the claim is worked out the plant can always be used on other claims, or sold. Their value would certainly be 50 per cent, of the original cost if sold off. Output of Klondike.—Through the courtesy of Chas. G. Yale, statistician of the United States mint, at San Francisco, I am enabled to give the figures of production of the Klondike district, and show the increased yield each year since the discovery. In 1897 the shipments of gold coming down the Yukon from the Klondike were not carefully segregated from the camps on the American side of the boundary line, and for this reason there is no exact data at hand. The Department of the Interior, at Ottawa, estimated the yield of the Klondike for that year at $2,500,000. At the United States mint at San Francisco, the product was estimated at $2,000,000 which is the same figure stated by the United States Consul, at Ottawa, who considered the estimate of the Department of the Interior as too high. It will be well, therefore, to consider the lower estimate as correct and place the yield of '97 at $2,000,000. Since that year more exact statistics have been kept. The method employed is to obtain from all United States mints and assay offices and private refineries and smelters, the amounts received by them from the Northwest Territory. Depositors are all asked for the source of gold so that this record may be kept, and care is taken to avoid duplication of statements. The following record may therefore be considered reasonably correct. 1897 $2,000,000 1898. Standard Oz. Coining Value. Gold 595,318.214 $11,038,47800 Silver 160,996.14 187,341 00 Total $11,225,819 00 1899. Standard Oz. Coining Value. Gold 859,281.228 $15,986,627 50 Silver 229,788.95 267,390 77 Total $16,254,018 27 1900. Standard Oz. Coining Value. Gold 1,197,608.099 $22,275,510 64 Silver 290,920,35 337.4^7 60 Total $22,612,878 24 The total output of the Klondike district, Yukon Territory for the four years of its history is thus seen to have been $52,092,815.51. SOLUTIONS. By A. A. Watson, Provincial Certificated Assayer, Vernon, B. C. WHEN we put a piece of sugar in water, what becomes of it ? It dissolves. But what is solution ? It is not a mere mixture of fine particles, for if we take a microscope and examine a drop of the solution of sugar we do not see any small particles of sugar. So far as can be seen the water is as clear as before, yet we know by the sweet taste of the liquid that the sugar is there. It is in solution. What the condition of solution is has not even yet been placed beyond dispute, but the theory which has obtained the greatest amount ot credence is that the particles of a solid, when placed in a liquid in which it is soluble, keep getting smaller and smaller until at last they are separated into their molecules. These molecules in solution are then in the same condition as the molecules of a gas. They are separated from each other, they influence the vapour pressure of the liquid they are dissolved in, and they ex- 16 THE MINING RECORD. ert a pressure on their own account which is sometimes very considerable and can be accurately measured. Another theory which has some supporters is that solutions are compounds of the dissolved substance with the solvent. It has been pointed out that when sulphuric acid is mixed with water heat is evolved, proving that a chemical compound is formed. No doubt this is true in this particular case and the probability is that the first theory is wholly, and the second partially, true. To understand the solution of a solid in a liquid it is necessary first to understand the state of solution of gases in gases. Gases mix in all proportions. Their molecules are free and able to move about in any direction. If two gases are brought together they continue to mix until a uniform mixture is obtained. If we take a flask full of heavy carbonic acid gas and invert a flask full of hydrogen over it, taking care that the openings of the flasks are fitted tightly to each other, in a few days carbonic gas will be found in the upper flask and hydrogen in the lower, although hydrogen, until a few years ago, was the lightest gas known to science. The molecules of gas are always in a state of rapid motion and therefore when two gases are brought together the molecules of one soon penetrate those of the other and in time complete mixture is the result. Gases are generally soluble in liquids. Their solubility depends upon pressure and temperature. The greater the pressure on the gas, and the lower the temperature of the liquid, the more gas will be dissolved. In the liquid condition, however, the molecules are closer together than in the gaseous condition, and for this reason the solution of a gas in a liquid is not so complete as the solution of a gas in another gas, and the thicker the liquid the less gas it will absorb. Mercury for example, which is nearly solid absorbs very little of any gas, indeed so little that the quantity is difficult to measure. Liquids, like gases, dissolve each other, but to not nearly the same extent. The molecules of a liquid are nearer each other than those of a gas, and not so free to move about. For this reason some liquids will not mix at all, or only to a very slight degree. Ether and water, for example, will not mix and neither will water and petroleum. Water and alcohol on the other hand mix completely. Having considered the solution of gases, a case in which the molecules are widely separated, the solution of gases in liquids where the molecules of the gases are free, and in the liquids only partially so, and the solution of liquids in liquids, where the molecules are only partially free, we come finally to the solution of solids in liquids, a case in which the molecules of the one are partially free, and of the other tightly packed together. It is needless to remark that the solubility of solid substances in liquids is very limited. Metals, however, dissolve in some acids, and many organic substances dissolve in water and other neutral liquids. When a layer of water is placed over a soluble salt the salt begins to rise against gravity and to diffuse in it, the motion only ceasing when the substances is uniformly distributed throughout the whole mass of water. This motion may be arrested by bringing between the solution and the solvent a septum which will let the solvent through, but not the dissolved substance. A semipermeable wall of this kind can be prepared by saturating a porous earthenware cell with a solution of copper sulphate, and then filling it up with a solution of potassium ferrocyanide. A precipitate of copper ferrocyanide is formed on and within the earthen wall through which water, but not sugar solution, can be filtered. If we fill such a cell with sugar solution and connect it with a marometer to measure the pressure: and place it in pure water, we obtain an increase of pressure. A solution of sugar of one per cent, gives a pressure equal to 50 cms. of mercury. This pressure is called "osmotic pressure," and the laws governing it are the same as for gases, the pressure being proportional to the concentration of solid in the liquid. It has been found by calculations based upon the molecular weight of sugar, that the osmotic pressure of a sugar solution has the same value as the pressure that the sugar would exercise if it were contained as a gas in the same volumeas is occupied by the solution. This is an important point and sheds a light upon the condition of solid substances in solution. Solids, when dissolved in liquids, lower the freezing point proportionally, to their molecular weight. For example, if a substance called A has'twice the molecular weight of another substance called B, an equal weight of A will lower the freezing point of a liquid twice as much as an equal weight of B. The vapour pressure of a liquid is also lowered according to the same rule when a solid substance is dissolved in it. When a compound of a metal with an acid, as for example sodium chloride or zinc chloride, is dissolved in water, not only are the find particles of the salt resolved into their molecules, but these molecules themselves are resolved into their primary elements. It has been found that the osmotic pressure and the lowering of the vapour pressure and freezing point of water when metallic salts are dissolved in it, are twice as great as expected from the molecular weights of the salts. "-$;From this it follows that there must be twice as many molecules, and therefore, instead of one molecule of zinc chloride there must be one molecule of zinc and one of chlorine. Another proof of this fact is that if we evaporate a solution containing sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate slowly, at ordinary temperatures, sodium sulphate and magnesium chloride separate out instead of the original salts. From this disassociation of metallic compounds into their elements in solution we get our galvanic battery. When a solution of copper- sulphate is made the sulphur combined with oxygen, disassociates from the copper ; now when a piece of zinc is placed in the solution the zinc begins to combine with the sulphur oxygen, to form zinc sulphate copper precipitates, and when a circuit is made a galvanic current is evident. We see, therefore, that the solution of a solid in a liquid is a continuous process of extremely fine division, the process being continued down to the molecules themselves, and in the case of metallic salts down even to their primary elements. THE HOT SPRINGS OF SYDNEY INLET. By T. R. Marshall, D. Sc, Edinburgh. SIDNEY INLET has a bad name. It has the unenviable notoriety of being one of the wettest places of a land of heavy and prolonged rains. But I am a firm believer in the law of compensation and here is a striking example, for Nature has consequently so arranged that the water-logged inhabitants of this region may be provided with a means of driving away the pains of rheumatism by enjoying a further soaking in the hot mineral springs which occur in the immediate neighbourhood. Having heard of the wonderful properties of these heated waters fro'm prospectors who have received material benefit by a course of treatment in the springs, I resolved to pay them a visit in order to prove whether I, also, could obtain relief from recently THE MINING RECORD. 17 experienced shooting and other pains in my knee joints, the consequence, probably, of several days crawling through soaking sallal and underbrush. Being of a companionable disposition, I induced a well-known West Coast prospector to accompany me by suggesting that, although he, as he stated, was not inflicted with rheumatism, that anyhow a bath was always beneficial. For some reason he eyed me with The geology of this promontory is interesting, the rocks are chiefly sedementaries, highly altered and rendered crystalline by contact metamorphism. The heated waters of the spring well-up from clefts which distinctly mark a fault plane, up which the mineral laden spring rises. The source of heat is most probably occasioned by recent and extensive rock movements. Although I made no chemical examination of the waters Beach at Sydney Inlet. suspicion, but my innocent and child-like expression evidently reassured him and we didn't come to blows. We rowed down the inlet one charming summer morning in a little skiff, skirting the north shore towards the open sea and landed at a deserted Indian reservation peacefully situated in a little cove, the only convenient place of landing adjacent to the springs. Here the traveller is completely sheltered from the never- ceasing swell which rolls in from the wide Pacific. The rancherie itself forms an ideal place for camping, as Deer Swimming Creek Near the Springs. it was apparent from the taste that the saline content was small. Silicic acid was present, as the waters in cooling deposited silicious sinter. The mineral in solution was therefore evidently derived from the decomposition of the silicates of the heated rocks by underground waters. We both thoroughly enjoyed bathing in the warm pools below the steaming waterfall, but first found some little difficulty in becoming accustomed to the high temperature of the water. The salts and silicic acid are, however, present in sufficient quantity *■ f£vjjfi ^*s**^ Ss&^afe 77^"'7'^^^S^^^ s*-^** ^^gHHS Rocky Promontory, Sydney Inlet. there is an abundant supply of fresh water and an open grassy place for pitching the tents. After lunch and a rest, we continued on our journey and rowed round the point of the promontory and landed at the point where the hot water of the springs meets the salt water. The landing here, even in the calmest weather is a matter of difficulty, and when a storm is in progress, quite impossible. To the less adventuresome, by far the best plan is to land at the rancherie and to make one's way through the comparatively open bush along the centre of the narrow promontory. A good trail could be made in a few hours. A Cabin at the Hot Springs. to act as a mild counter irritant. One remarkable feature of the spring is the large amount of hot water welling up at the extreme end of a very narrow promontory jutting out into the Pacific. The place is of easy approach. The genial captain of the Queen City is always ready to oblige passengers, and he would gladly drop the camper and his boat load of supplies opposite the sheltered cove. The promontory is an ideal spot for the sportsman, as the waters, at certain seasons, teem with salmon, which may readily be caught with a spoon bait early in the morning or evening. The deer, which seem to love the 18 THE MINING RECORD. salt water and the sallal thickets, are to be found in great numbers. Personally I cannot imagine a more ideal spot to spend a couple of weeks camping during the warm summer months. The Author, Dr. Marshall, at the Hot Springs. To those interested in geological phenomena and in the formation of West Coast mineral deposits, there is a valuable lesson to be learned. The mineral deposits of the West Coast are frequently formed along fault planes, and many of the copper deposits are found in rock formations similar to those which form the peninsula. In the fault plane at the end of the promontory, we have actually a mineral lode in process of formation which does not, however, necessarily contain copper. ■ Cleft in Rocks Through Which the Spring Flows. It would, however, be interesting to examine the spring for traces of this metal, as this spring is situated on the outskirts of an important copper-bearing mineral belt. THE MINERAL INDUSTRY ON THE COAST, VANCOUVER, TEXADA AND PRINCESS ROYAL ISLAND, DURING 1901. By W. M. Brewer, M. A. I. M. E. TfTTHEN the progress during the past year is consid- y^f ered, on the basis alone of actual accomplishment, there is apparently little cause for exaltation one way or the other. So far as the coast mines are concerned, except as regards the property owned by the B. C. Exploring Syndicate on Frederic Arm, there has been no development performed. On that property a force of miners have been kept at work continually, and according to the reports of the superintendent, Mr. Joseph Argal, the operations have been quite satisfactory. The ore body which has been exposed in the higher levels, has also been exposed on a lower level, after running about 1,000 feet of crosscut tunnelling and upraising. The extent of this body has not yet been determined, but the company is continuing its very admirable policy of steadily prosecuting development work in order to determine the capacity of the mine before attempting to ship or treat ore. On Howe Sound, a reorganisation of the Britannia syndicate has been perfected, by which Montana men Powell River—Middle Falls. have secured control of the property, and although no work has been done in the mine itself during the past year, yet surveys have been completed for tramways and roadways to insure transportation facilities from the mine to the beach. It is confidently expected that these will be built early in the coming year, and the necessary machinery installed, in order to commence mining operations on such a scale as is warranted from the development work which was carried out during 1900. Considerable prospecting and assessment work have been done at Howe Sound, within ten or twelve miles from the Britannia group, and several of these prospects will apparently develop into mines of commercial value. On the Seamore creek, within fourteen miles from Vancouver, there has not been the activity which was expected from the representations made by the owners of prospects in that region during the fall and winter of 1900 and 1901. The work done there has merely taken the form of assessment work, which the owners of the properties, assert has resulted very satisfactory, by ex- THE MINING RECORD. 19 posing such conditions with regard to the ore bodies as Crossing from the Mainland to Texada Island, a re- justify them in the confidence they feel in regard to the view of the year's work warrants the conclusion that on future of the camp. the whole the progress has been very satisfactory. The Marble Bay mine has been shipping a high-grade gold-copper ore almost continuously during the year. Several months the output has been from this one property a thousand tons per month. A large gang of men have been employed continuously in the mine, and when the grade of ore is taken into consideration there is no question but that the operations have been very profitable. The shipping ore from this mine varies in value from $5 to $20.00 per ton. in gold, about 5 oz. of silver, and an average of 5 per cent, dry assay of copper. It is impossible to give the exact figures showing the profits, because the mine is owned individually by a Mr. J. J. Palmer, of Toronto, and consequently no publication with regard to profits is made. The development has been extended to a depth of 360 feet, but the ore has been only staked from above the 260- foot level, leaving the last ico feet of sinking entirely in virgin ground. The ore body in this mine has maintained its continuity from the surface to the lowest level, its measurements though have varied, as is always the rule in ore bodies of this character, which occur at the contact of limestone and fel- site, or limestone and diorite. Pro- . duction of the property during the past % year has been good. The mining plant J has been added to by the purchase of £ a complete concentrating plant with a capacity of 120 tons a day, a sawmill and increased hoisting capacity, the latter machinery has been installed and it is expected that the other will be in operation early in the coming year. When the concentrator is installed the management will have an opportunity to treat the large tonnage of second erade ore which has accumulated on o the dumps. Owing to financial embarassments the progress on the Van Anda companies' properties, has not proceeded as far as otherwise would have been the case ; in fact, for several months the properties were closed down entirely, but the operations which have been carried on, on behalf of the bondhold - ers and latter by a syndicate of prospective purchasers, have been highly satisfactory. The ore bodies have been found to contain the continuity as well as grade, and the writer has no hesitancy in saying that the financial embarrassments which have harrassed this company in the past, have been caused by a mistaken policy of the management rather than through de- terioratoin of the ore bodies. The development of the Cornell has been extended 100 feet deeper, where a station has been opened, drifting and cross- cutting done, which have resulted in 20 THE MINING RECORD. determining that the ore bodies encountered on the upper level have maintained continuity on this lower level. The development on the Copper Queen has not been extended below the 500-foot level, for the reason that the pumping machinery was required at the Cornell, but when the proposed new machinery is put in place on the latter the prospective purchasers purpose continuing the development, on the former not only to greater depths but also along the strike of the contact at which the ore bodies so far exploited were found. Work of limited extent has been done during the year in extending the development on the Loyal mineral claim about three miles northwesterly from the Van Anda as well as on the Paris, situated at Blubber Bay, at the northern end of the Island. On the West Coast the lessees of the iron mines have been working more or less continuously during the year to fulfill their contract made with the Puget Sound Iron company when they obtained the lease of the property. On the Prescott mineral claim adjoining the iron mine the past year has been confined almost exclusively to the Mount Sicker and Alberni Canal districts. The several prospects which were discovered and partially opened up in 1898 and 1899 in the Clayoquot and Sydney Inlet, Kuyoquot and Quatsino Sounds, have for the most part received but little attention during 1901. The exception to this general state of idleness, has been at the Anaconda group, Sydney Inlet, where development work has been pushed with a view to determining the value of the group and its capacity as a producer. This work is still being continued, and when these material facts have been determined, there is no doubt but that extensive operations will be carried on, provided the results from the work now going on warrant. The chief cause for the idleness along theWest Coast on the upper end of the island, has been lack of capital, rather than a lack of prospects with possibilities. The writer has frequently called attention to the unique characteristics of many of the ore bodies in these districts, and the absolute necessity for development at depth in _C ^^ 1! "-ITS ^ View of Gamp, Britannia Mine;' on the southeast, Mr. Lee, the superintendent for the Puget Sound Iron company, has been working a gang of miners, extracting ore from open cuts and during the latter portion of the year, sinking on the proposition, in order to determine the extent and grade of the ore body exposed in the open cuts. This property has the phenomenal record of having produced sufficient ore to more than pay all the expenses from the grass roots. The occurrence is at the contact of limestone and diabase, the outcroppings being magnetite with masses of chalcopyrite as impregnations. The grade is sufficiently high for profitable operations, the question to be determined though is the maintenance of continuity at depth. The character of this ore body is very similar to many on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, on none of which has development been carried to any great depth. Apparently the magnetite derives its origin from the diabase country rock, while the chalco pyrite was deposited as a result of the percolation of copper-charged water through crevices in the limestone and magnetite. On Vancouver Island, the activity in mining during order to establish the value of the prospects, which in many instances have outcroppings of exceptional high grade of chalcopyrite and borite ores. The occurrence of the chalcopyrite as impregnations in magnetite, although very promising on the surface require to be developed at depth in order to determine fully the permanency and extent of the copper value. Up to the present time such has not been done on the most promising prospect, and as the owners lack capital it is necessary fo persuade monied men to take hold and demonstrate the possibilities of at least one prospect before any great activity will be resumed. The Mount Sicker district has produced steadily during the year, and the development which has been carried on, and has resulted so satisfactorily on the Lenora and Tyee claims, justifies the opinion that the camp is permanent and will continue to expand. The total shipments from the Lenora mine to date may be estimated at about 25,000 tons of first-class shipping ore with probably 30,000 tons of low-grade ore on the dumps. This cannot be treated until local THE MINING RECORD. 21 smelting facilities are afforded, and it will then probably be found necessary to adopt some system of concentration in order to secure the greatest possible profit from treatment of this low-grade ore. During the year a lower-level tunnel has been driven on the Lenora mine, while the upper levels have been extended towards the Tyee ground. A narrow-gauge railway has been built from the mine to the siding of the E. & N. railway track, and is being continued to salt water at Osborne Bay. A town of some 500 inhabitants, with good hotel accommodation, has been built up on the Lenora town- site. The total number of workmen including miners, muckers, Oriental ore sorters, railway hands, and others employed on the Mount Sicker mines has averaged during the year about 200. Besides these a number of prospectors and men employed in doing assess- More or less work has been done both to the east and west, along the same zone as that in which occur the Tyee, Lenora and Copper Canyon groups, but none of this work has been sufficiently extensive to warrant any unqualified opinion as to the probabilities of the number of shipping mines which will eventually be developed. Some prospecting has been carried on towards the head of Cowichan lake, which has resulted in the discovery of galena ore in ledges (reported by the discoverers) to be quite extensive. On the Alberni canal active operations have been confined during the year to the Three Jays, locally known as the Hayes mine, the Monitor, Golden Eagle, Thistle mineral claims, also to the Sarita, Sechart and Copper Island iron ore mines. On the Three Jays, an extensive addition to the Open Stope, Britannia Mine. me camp. nt work have added to the general activity of the On the Tyee mine the management has been continuing their policy of blocking out ore in sight, to determine the capacity of the mine before attempting to treat or ship the ore. The main shaft has been sunk 235 feet, and sinking has been continued to the 335-foot level, but its full extent has not yet been determined, clearly the ore bodies on the Mount Sicker mines have lenticular structure, but those which have been most fully developed are found to possess large extent. The maximum thickness reaching to 30 feet and sometimes exceeding that, the length of the lenzes is the factor which has not yet been fully determined. On the Copper Canyon group, which occupies 4,700 feet in length along the mineralised zone, exploitation work has been in progress, and the results from such work are satisfactory in so far as they indicate the great possibilities possessed by this group of claims. wharf has been made, bunkers built, serial tramway one mile in length installed and compressor plant set up and placed in operation. A working tunnel at a level of 425 feet, below the upper working of the mine is being driven, and although it was expected to have to crosscut 700 feet, before the ore bodies developed in the upper workings could be intersected, yet it is reported that bunches of ore were struck within 300 feet from the mouth of the tunnel, indicating that there was a probability that ore bodies unknown in the upper levels existed at this lower level, but that considerable exploitation work would be necessary to develop them. Since 1898 the management of this mine has been steadily and industriously engaged in opening up the property to determine its capacity previous to incurring the necessary expenditure for supplying transportation facilities. It is now estimated that there are 70,000 tons of ore in sight in the upper workings of the mine, and when shipments are commenced it will be possible to ship at the 9.9. THE MINING RECORD. rate of ioo tons of ore a day from these reserves. On the Monitor mine during the early part of the year shipments were made regularly and profitably, but during the summer it was found necessary to suspend these shipments and commence a most thorough exploitation of the property on the same lines as has been pursued on the Three Jays. From the geological conditions it would appear that such work will result satisfactorily. This mine had been shipping from the grass roots, and it is not at all surprising that un- looked for complications were encountered as work progressed. These conditions only serve to emphasise the soundness of the opinion of the writer, that thorough development is necessary in order to determine the capacity of the mine before placing it on a shipping basis, so far as the insallment of the necessary transportation facilities are concerned. On the Thistle group which was purchased early in the year by a San Francisco syndicate, work has been chiefly confined to the building of a wagon road from the canal to the mine. Owing to the setting in of the rainy season before this work was completed, operations had been sus- • pended until next year. On the Golden Eagle mineral claim, the work of development which has been carried on since the year 1898, has been pushed energetically. A wagon road has been built connecting this mine with the main Alberni-Mineral Hill wagon road. Although very little is known by outsiders, relative to the work which has actually been done on the Golden Eagle, yet it is only reasonable to suppose, that as a full force of miners has been employed continuously since 1898 the work so far done has been satisfactory to the owners. In the vicinity of Port Renfrew of San Juan harbour, development work has been carried on by an English syndicate on mineral claims situated on the Gordon river. This work has been of a prospecting nature to determine the value of some of the occurrences of pyrrhotite located in that vicinity. THE IRON DEPOSITS AT KITCHENER, BRITISH COLUMBIA. By Our Special Commissioner. THERE can be no question that the most important development in mining in this Province during the past season has been the discovery and preliminary work upon the hematite iron ore deposits at Kitchener. These deposits occur in a mountain range running almost due north and south, starting at a point near Goat river canyon and extending northerly about ten miles. The form of this mountain range is peculiar, presenting the appearance of an inverted boat, commencing with a gradual ascent from the level of Goat river and rising in the course of three miles to an altitude of 6,000 feet, continuing at this elevation with slight undulations for a distance of seven miles, and then gradually sloping down to the former level. It will thus be seen that Iron Range is practically an isolated mountain. Along the eastern side it slopes down to Goat river and on the west to Arrow creek. Twenty miles away clearly can be seen the lofty snow-capped peaks of White Grouse mountain. Along the north side of Iron Range is an easy pass from Goat river to Arrow creek, and as this route was originally thought of for the Crow's Nest line it is not impossible that it may yet serve in connec tion with the future development of the iron mines ; the nearest point to the Crow's Nest line and to the town of Kitchener, at which the iron has been located is about two miles, but it is not impossible that further explorations, which are contemplated next season, may result in proving a ledge down to the level of Goat river; the only difficulty in the way of this seems to be in the exceptionally heavy drift which covers the formation at the southern end of the range. From the most southerly point at which iron has been discovered it has been traced in a series of continuous and parallel ledges for a distance of seven miles ; at the south end of the property only two of such ledges have been uncovered in consequence of the difficult nature of the prospecting work, but at the north end of the property there are at least five distinct veins of iron varying from six feet to twen- Clowhom Falls, Industrial Power Co. ty feet in thickness ; in stating this as the width of the veins it is intended to convey the idea that this measurement represents the actual thickness of pure iron, no account being taken of iron-bearing rocks contiguous to the veins which are more or less charged with iron varying from 10 to 30 per cent. One of the most striking features of the formation is the regularity and straight- ness of the veins, which are persistent with the slightest possible variation in direction throughout the whole course. All the veins dip to the east at an angle of 60 to 70°. The country rock is gabbro-diorite, and this rock forms the western wall of the iron veins ; between the different veins, and extending eastward to an extent which has not yet been definitely determined, the rock is quartzite, largely impregnated with iron. In some of the veins the iron and quartzite are mixed to such an extent that the latter carries a very high percentage, but this does uot interfere with the purity and persistency of the true veins* of iron. THE MINING RECORD 23 The property was first introduced to the notice of Mr. more's opinion, and his associates decided to make an W. Blakemore, mining engineer, of Montreal, in April out and out purchase without waiting for the bond to last, and he was so favourably impressed with the re- expire ; this was effected in August for a sum which is Kitchener Iron Mines—Prospecting Iron Ledge on Niagara Claim. ports made and samples submitted that, on his advice, authoritatively stated as $80,000 cash ; since then dean influential Montreal syndicate took a bond which al- velopment has been pushed to the fullest extent possible lowed them practically the whole of the present season and from the first of May until the end of November Kitchener Iron Mines—Ore Exposure on Keepsake Claim. in which to prove the property, on making a moderate something like $30,000 has been spent upon the proper- deposite. Three months sufficed to justify Mr. Blake- ty, although most of this has been primary work in the 24 THE MINING RECORD. shape of trails and bridges and general prospecting, time has been found to exploit the veins and determine the average assays have given from 55 to 65 per cent, of metallic iron, and from 5 to 10 per cent, of silica with Kitchener Iron Mines. Mr. Blakemore, Manager for the Syndicate. the general character of the property ; more than fifty open"cuts and excavations have been made upon the iron,.several tunnels driven and three shafts started. Iron Ore Dump on Rhodesia Claim. sulphur and phosphorus in negligible quantities. It is not necessary for us to say that this analysis compares favourably with any upon the continent, being as high as Newfoundland or Michigan ores in iron, much lower than the former in sulpher and phosphorous, and at least equal to the Michigan ores in the same respect. So far as proving the property is concerned there is still one important point to determine and that is the depth mm S^slsZ m KB?. iiftaSit1 Shaft and Ore Stack on American Plag Claim. The principal one was upon an 18-foot vein at the north end of the property and was carried down nearly sixty feet from the surface ; at this point the vein was found to continue exactly the same as at the point of exposure, maintaining its thickness and quality. As we were pri- Cabin on Niagara Claim. to which these high-grade deposits continue. Whilst 60 feet is the greatest depth of actual working there are exposures of the veins in some of the deep gulches on the mountain side at 600 to 800 feet lower than the extreme elevatiou and in these gulches the quality of ■>'-M Shaft on American Flag Claim, vileged to publish the result of numerous assays in a recent issue it is not netessary to recapitulate them, but it may be broadly stated that at the north end of the property where the work has been chiefly concentrated Shaft and Ore Stack on Oray Claim. iron is the same. There is nothing in the geological formation to forbid the continuance of these regular veins of ore to a considerable depth, and in the opinion of the most eminent expert who has examined the pro- THE MINING RECORD. zo perty during the present year, a gentleman at the top of his profession in the Michigan iron districts, the probability is that they will continue to a depth of at least several thousand feet; without wishing to in any way exaggerate the extent or value of these important deposits, it is clear that sufficient has been done to justify* railway. However this may be, we are more concerned to witness the fuller exploration and final development of the property upon such a scale as to justify the establishment of iron and steel works ; this is the one thing which the Province lacks to enable it to compete upon successful lines with any other mining district on the Cabin and Camp on Cracker Jack Claim. the conclusion that there is at Kitchener an enormous deposit of che highest grade of hematite ore which cannot fail to play a most important part in the future development of the Province. The market, in the first instance, will be for fluxing purposes, and as these deposits are within reach of a number of smelters, both on the Canadian and Ameri- Headquarters on American Flag Claim. continent. We already have in the magnificent coal of the Crow's Nest Pass the highest type of cheap fuel. The metalliferous mines are producing ores which are not inferior to any in the west, and it only remains to establish a permanent iron and steel industry in oider, no} merely to supply the Province with an article which is so essential in all industrial developments but, as we believe, to establish a large export trade in which the Pack Bridge Across Goat River. can side, which are at present purchasers of iron ore ; for this purpose there should be an assured market for at any rate a moderate tonnage, the exceptionally high percentage of iron making this a valuable ore for that purpose and renders transportation correspondingly easy. It has already been intimated that next season may see the commencement of shipping, as nothing stands in the way but the construction of a short branch Pacific coast would vie with the Atlantic. After making due allowance for the high rate of wages prevailing at present and likely, perhaps, for some years to be prevalent in the west, it is certain that with an assured market, even for a moderate tonnage of steel, it would be possible to produce this commodity and market it within the Province at a much lower rate than it is possible to import it from the'present points of production. A 26 THE MINING RECORD. high authority on this subject has stated that pig iron could be produced from Kitchener ore at a maximum cost of $10.00 a ton, which is about half the cost of imported pig iron in the centre of the Province to-day. There would be a corresponding reduction in the cost of rails, machinery, tools, and the other thousand and one appliances manufactured from iron and steel, the cost of prosecuting our great mining industries would be reduced and the further prosperity of the Province assured. It is not a little singular that Mr. Blakemore, wno was the pioneer of the Crow's Nest coal and coke mining in this Province should also be the first to take up an develop an iron property, and if (and there seems no reason to doubt it) the latter is destined to become as valuable an asset to the Province of British Colum- as the former has already proved itself to be, he cannot but be highly gratified at the results of his labours. It is only fair in conclusion that a meed of praise should be accorded to Mr, C. Plummer Hill who bonded the claims to the Montreal syndicate. Mr. Hill was one of the earliest prospectors in the Goat river district, coming across the line more than ten years ago, exploring this country when it was almost inaccessible ; during: the whole of that time he has held claims in the dis- WW *ffc®# •^iN :£v? *V, eSa^S Tunnel and Iron Formation on Pacific Claim. trict, and for seven years at least has done work every season upon Iron Range mountain. His first idea was that he should find copper there and to that end much money was spent, but several years ago he began to appreciate that the large iron veins which were exposed were not as at first thought, simply cappings to copper deposits ; since then he has done considerable work for the purpose of testing its value and having assured himself in the spring of this year that he had a valuable iron property, he lost no time in going east seeking to interest capitalists. To the persistence and pluck of Mr. Hill and the good judgment he displayed in holding on to what was at one time considered a barren mountain range is largely due the present happy state of affairs at Kitchener, and no one will begrudge him the substantial benefit he has already derived from his investment. NORTH THOMPSON RIVER AND TETE JAUNE CACHE DISTRICTS. THEIR TOPOGRAPHICAL, GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL FEATURES. By J. C. Gwillim, B. A., Sc. Late of Canadian Geological Survey. IN comparison with many other portions of the interior of British Columbia, the district under description has an ancient history. As early as 1812, David Thompson, of the old Northwest Company, journeyed from " Boat Encampment " at the Big Bend of the Columbia through the Athabasca or Yellow Head Pass to Henry House, on the Athabasca river. Mount Thompson, a mountain promontory which overlooks the great valley of the Upper Canoe and Fraser rivers, has been named after him, and it is believed the Thompson river was named from the same source. During the years from 1871 onwards, the C. P. R. surveyors were engaged in locating aline from the Yel- lowhead Pass, by way of the Albuda and Thompson rivers, to Kamloops, and a good trail was built. This trail and the evidences of their survey is now pretty well obscured by the growth and decay since that period, and progress in this long north and south valley is very different from what it would have been had the C. P. R. followed its surveys, but the later adoption of the route by the Kicking Horse and Roger's Pass, have left it undeveloped. Dr. Selwyn traversed the route from Kamloops to Tete Jaune Cache in 1871, at the time the C. P. R. first began its surveys. The trail at that time had not been cut. His account gives little more than the daily happenings and the difficulties of progress. Dr. Dawson, in his Kamloops map-sheet report, gives the geology and resources of the North Thompson as far as the Indian reservation, 50 miles north of Kamloops. Beyond that point I am not aware of any description of the Upper North Thompson river. The following is a list of the estimated distances by trail from Kamloops : Indian reservation 50 miles. Boulder creek 58 " Mosquito Flats 68 " Junction of Clanwilliam river 73 " First crossing 74 " Raft river 80 " Allingham's ranch 95 " Mud river 103 " South end Stillwater Flats 116 " Hell Gate I3S.S « Blue river 152.5 " Second crossing 188 " Albuda lake 204 '' Canoe river crossing 220 " Tete Jaune Cache 237 " From Kamloops to the Indian reservation there is a good wagon road. Beyond this point the trail is generally fair but somewhat troubled with a heavy growth of underbrush, and some sloughs which are bad during the flood of glacial water in August. Very little rocky ground occurs, in all about two or three miles near Hell Gate. The rest is bottom land in which is considerable hemlock, cedar, spruce and some white pine. The mountain ranges on either side are low, no peaks above timber line are seen until near Blue river. At this point the valley of Blue river, in an easterly and westerly direction together with a corresponding valley on the eastern side of the Thompson, appears to separate the interior plateau-like country from the rugged snow- patched peaks of the country farther north. Blue river and Clearwater river (which near the First THE MINING RECORD. 27 crossing) are both streams which showed no signs of glacial water in August, and hence must drain a less rugged country than the North Thompson or Canoe rivers. They both head over towards Quesnelle lake, and flowing, as they probably do, over "slate" rocks of known placer-bearing varieties, they may some day furnish pay gravels. Very little appears to have been creek, Barriere creek, and northwards, are rocks of the Adams lake and Nisconlith series. These are sometimes massive greenstones or diabases, but more often slatelike or schistose. They appear to continue northwards to a point near Allingham's ranch, and are not seen at any place farther north. Throughout these dark slate-like and massive rocks of Cambrian age, there ap- Rocky Mountain Peaks. done on these two streams so far, excepting by trappers. Heading as they do, not far from the headwaters of Horsefly creek, they have an interest due to the late reports from that district concerning the occurrence of placer gold on the North Thompson and its tributaries. Dr. DawsOn mentions Jamieson, Louis and Barriere creeks as affording some gold in 1861. Gold and platinum occur on the bars of the main river up to the pears to be more or less vein mineralisation. Silver- bearing galena is the principal ore. It has been found on Louis creek, Barriere creek, and during the past season, near the head waters of Boulder creek. This ore does not appear to be exceptionally rich, but values in lead and silver are said to run up to $75.00 a ton. Specimens of quartz-bearing galena picked up near the trail between Raft river and Allingham's ranch, gave an Robson Peak and Fork of Fraser River. mouth of the Clearwater, and probably to a less extent farther up. Also on the Clearwater itself, but no information concerning the tributaries of this stream is obtainable. Dredging of the bars is being conducted at a point about 12 miles up the North Thompson. This work is stated to give satisfactory results. The rocks from Kamloops north are at first of the Cache creek series, which are known to bear placer gold in other portions of the Province. About Louis assay of 32 oz. silver—about one-tenth of the rock was galena. Other discoveries near this place are said to give values up to $75.00 a ton. At the turn northwards of the river near Allingham's, 95 miles from Kamloops, a granite rock appears. This in places appears to consist almost entirely of coarsely crystalised quartz and feldspar, with a little mica, near Mud river it gives place to a more banded and gneissic rock, and this with the former variety constitute the country rock for most of the distance on to the Second 28 THE MINING RECORD. crossing. In this rock at Mud river a deposit of gold and silver-bearing quartz has been worked to some extent, but the costs of doing such work at present are discouraging. Hence it will appear that for about ioo miles north of Kamloops the country is proved to carry gold and silver ores. The district is not one which can be easily prospected on account of the worn-down character of the mountains and the superficial encumbrance of wash and timber. Steamboat navigation is possible and has been carried on as far as Peavine, 90 miles by trail from Kamloops. Above that point rapids and shallow water prevent further progress. Several areas of more recent stratified rocks occur on or near the valley of the North Thompson. These contain seams of good coal, as shown by an analysis of the deposits, near the Indian reservation, made by the Geological Survey Department. Hygroscopic water 2.22 Volatile combustible matter 38-1° Fixed carbon 46.76 Ash I5-92 Coke 59- °8 " Last coking gave a firm and bright coke." '£*&; ae Ferry Across Bridge River at Foot of Mission Mountain. An analysis made by Mr. Johnson, of Slocan City, gave similar results. It is probable that the granite and gneissic rocks found all along the route from Allingham's to Tete Jaune Cache are a part of the Shuswap series. A series represented about Shuswap lake, and between Slocan and Arrow lakes, in West Kootenay. This formation has not yet proved of value in carrying metallic ores. In the district about the head waters of the Thompson and Canoe rivers it is known to carry mica of good size and value. This district is exceedingly rugged, and the discoveries so far made have been by Indians, chiefly in the course of their hunting. The mica is the muscovite, at times of large size and good quality. The principal deposits, so far as known, are those of the Canoe river and Tete Jaune Cache, which have now been taken up for some years. The vein material or matrix of these mica deposits is pigmatic, a coarsely crystalline mixture of quartz and feldspar, with often many other minerals occurring as crystals in it. Mica of commercial value is always, as far as known, found in such associations and in these oldest crystalline rocks. There is a remarkable absence of dykes or veins, and also sulphide minerals throughout these mica-bearing rocks. The region under description is, much of it at pre sent, too remote to offer much encouragement to the prospecting of vein minerals. However, the Thompson river itself affords a highway for traffic for boats up to the northern limit of the most probable metal-bearing rocks. Concerning the district about Tete Jaune Cache, this is at the meeting place of four great valleys : The Canoe and the Thompson and Albuda from the south, tlje Fraser from the northwest, and the Yellowhead Pass from the east. This pass is 3,723 feet above the sea, and 1,273 feet above the Cache. It will some day be a highway from the plains to the northern portions of B. C. The great north and south valleys also afford possibilities of approach. The agricultural possibilities are not great. There is some good land along the valley flats of the Canoe river and between it and the Fraser. The climate is dry and the snowfall light in this valley, as shown by the wintering of horses outside. No serious frost had occurred up to the 13th of September. The photograph of Mount Robson accompanying this article was taken by Mr. James McEvoy, in his expedi- The Ben D'Or Mill. tion of 1898 for the Geological Survey Department. This mountain is a most imposing sight when seen from the lower ranges ; it rises at an angle of 60° from the Grand Fork of the Fraser, and its peak is over 4,000 feet above the rather regular rounded summits of the Rocky mountain ranges. This mountain appears to be composed of stratified beds and is not of volcanic origin. The banded appearance is due to the bedding of the rocks. Its height has been determined as 13,700 feet above sea level, the highest known mountain in the Canadian rockies. CADWALLADER CREEK, BRIDGE RIVER. By W. M. Brewer, M. E., M. A. I. M. E., Etc THE progress in this free-milling gold ore camp has not reached the expectations of those interested. In fact when the activity early in the season is compared with the idleness with the latter portion, the progress during 1901 may well be regarded as " crablike." But there are several factors to be considered which, unless a man is well informed in respect to the district, are likely to be overlooked. In the first place, THE MINING RECORD. 29 the operations which were carried on at the Lome and Woodchuck mineral claims by the syndicate which bonded those properties during the fall of 1900, were apparently started on the assumption that the ore would continue to^carry the same values as had been obtained in the arrastras operated during the summer of 1900. Development work which was performed on quite an extensive scale, demonstrated the fact that with depth the high values carried by the surface ores did not remain constant. Consequently as the holders of the bond had entered into negotiations on a basis of $40.00 ore to the ton, they threw it up when it became demonstrated that the bulk of the ore carried very much lower value. But before this was demonstrated, some $50,000 in all had been expended in development work and the erection of a five-stamp mill. On the face of it the fact of the forfeiture of this bond after so much work had been performed, would appear very detrimental to the district, but in the writer's opinion this is an incorrect view. As a matter of fact the Ben D'Or Mine—Showing Tunnels. development work on these claims demonstrated that the ore bodies maintain continuity satisfactorily to the depth reached, and so far as values are concerned the ore at that depth yielded about the same as anyone acquainted with free-milling gold propositions would have anticipated. The facts proven merely show that the price asked by the original owners of the properties was exorbitant when all the conditions are taken into consideration. In a word, Bridge River has resolved itself into a camp which will produce a considerable quantity of ore run- nine about $10.00 to the ton, and a limited quantity of higher grade. The inaccessibility, for there are no wagon roads, which naturally renders the cost of freight from Lillooet 'to the mines to be excessive, is the main disability at present retarding the progress of the camp. Give mine operators in Bridge River a reasonable freight rate, and $10 or even $8 ore, of a free-milling or of a partially free-milling character, will yield satisfactory results from a commercial standpoint. Early in the past year the camp was employing some 70 or 80 miners working on the Ben D'Or, Lome, Woodchuck and Alhambra groups, but during the fall all operations were suspended. Financial embarrassments, due to various reasons, were the cause of suspension on the Ben D'Or, forfeiture of the bond on the Lome and Woodchuck groups caused the suspension there, and apparently the suspension at the Alhambra was merely because that group was managed by the same superintendent as the other two. Past operations on the Ben D'Or have been determined, that with economical and careful management, thoroughly experienced mill men and reasonable crushing capacity, the cost for mining and treating ores in this district should not exceed $6 a ton. The ore bodies are fissure veins, well defined and permanent. The length of the pay ore shoots, as demonstrated in the underground workings of the Ben D'Or mine, exceed 300 feet respectively, but the vein maintains continuity for about 800 feet on the 200-foot level with only about 150 feet of it too narrow for stoping. The surface indications point to the maintenance of continuity on the Ben D'Or and adjoining claims for up- Arrastra on the Lorne Mine. wards of 4,500 feet, while on the Lorne, Alhambra and Woodchuck groups, it is impossible to determine the maximum length of the veins which occur lying parallel to each other, and trending more northeasterly than easterly, as is the case on the Ben D'Or and adjoining groups. One fact with regard to the ore bodies in this camp is very gratifying : It is that although natural surface outcroppings are rare because of the covering of decomposed granite or gneiss, yet invariably when this super- -incumbent mass is removed, either by ground sluicing or open cuts, the vein is found in place of variable thickness from eight inches up to seven feet, and always carrying values. Sometimes the latter run as high as $60.00 or $70.00 to the ton, but usually vary from $8.00 to $30.00 in free gold. The McGilvary creek mines, situated some 25 or 30 miles southeasterly from Cadwallader creek, have been operated during the season with, it is claimed by the owners, satisfactory results. As the writer has never visited these properties, he is unable to express an opinion with regard to them. In conclusion these free-milling camps should be considered to-day as merely in their infancy and as offering very promising fields for both prospector and operator. 30 THE MINING RECORD. FORT STEELE DISTRICT—MINING DEVELOPMENT DURING 1901. By Douglas Lay, A. R. S. M. THE mining division of Fort Steele is divided by Mr. Armstrong, gold commissioner, into six sections, the position and area of which are shown by the accompanying rough sketch map. This subdivision is adhered to in the following summary of development work : — Wasa Group.—Development work has shown up galena and copper ore. Dubai.—Development work this year consists of 50 feet of tunnel ; the ledge carries values in gold, copper and lead. Golden Fleece and Stanley.—Work during the year consists of 80 feet of tunnel, and 30 feet of raise. Eight to ten inches of copper pyrites and grey copper have been met with. Estella Group.—This is one of the banner properties -tn tf> >" n CK -A m St. Ma eg Xt* *1 s m o j?* cr> m3^t 4 ^ Y«V Kty o^ «"». 7S r>£ <m c/> V*\ -A Tl NORTHEAST SECTION. f™Jr.iSo-SeCtl0n .1S fcomParatively unimportant, and but tew claims are in force. EAST CENTRAL SECTION. ed^rrlcf £* ^ar*a Very-fine brid^e has been constructed across the Kootenay river, at Wasa, by Mr. Hanson £ itiesofVteh7drnatt-?1 additiont° the transportation laciuties ot the district. Canby Group.-Somewhat extensive work has been cental1S gr°UP' Snd a l6d^e five feet wide of con. centratmg ore, carrying values in gold, lead and Conner Save :hownCt°U,nfereid- ^SSays taken from «™ toS have shown total values from $70 to $150. of East Kootenay, and having been worked for the past six years is now in a highly developed state. Develon- ment work this year consists of upwards of 400 feet of tunnels and crosscuts. Work within the yea? has been confined to following the ledge and bodies of ore wide in extent, have been shown up. The ore is a concentra- anfS C%ryinSvalues in lead, silver, zinc, copper and gold. The present proposal of the management is to construct a wagon road from Tracy, B. C to the mine and to erect a concentrator, when extensive shin- ments may be expected. F u2ldAMe 0rmP—Extensive development work has been done on this property which has lately been bonded tor $30,000 to the Green Mountain Consolidated THE MINING RECORD. 31 Mining Co,, of Rossland. Work to date consists of several tunnels and drifts. The lower tunnel is 200 ft. long. The lead is found to be 24 ft. wide with a pay chute of ore 4 ft. wide. The upper tunnel is some 80 ft. long and a pay chute is 3 ft. wide, at this point assays give 17 per cent, copper and a total value of some $44 per ton. Bull River Iron Mines.—Much attention has been drawn during the year to the discovery of iron on Bull river. The deposits are said to rank high as regards freedom from sulphur and. phosphorus Regarding amount of work done I have no information to hand. very rich up to $15 been sunk some 80 feet to bed rock, an ground has been encountered, gold value and S20 a day per man being now taken out. This fact has led to the application for further placer leases, and much of the ground below this last property has now been staked out, and another shaft is being sunk to bed rock. It will be remembered that Perry creek was the scene of much excitement in the late eighties, just after the Wild Horse rush, when most of the surface gold was taken out Portions of the surface are, however, still sufficiently rich for •• sniping," and last spring and summer men made some $5 a day by this means. St. Eugene Mink and Mill. Moyie, B. C. SOUTHWEST SECTION. The main property in this section is the St. Eugene mine, which of late has been partially closed down. Some twelve men are employed at present effecting development work. Palmer's Bar, Pektn Claim.—Extensive work has been carried out by D. V. Mott during the year, and an excellent showing has been found. WEST CENTRAL SECTION. Perry Creek.—Perry creek has this year been the scene of considerable activity with respect to placer mining. One property (hydraulic proposition) has been bonded to an American syndicate. On another property owned by Messrs. Thomson and Banks, a shaft has Perry creek country contains many very large ledges of quartz carrying values in gold, which induce the holding of sanguine views as to the future of the district when once thoroughly opened up. Shakespeare.—Open cut, showing 80 feet of quartz ledge carrying gold in values. Badger.—Fifty-foot shaft, 10-foot drift on ledge. Assays have shown gold values up to $35.00 per ton. St. Mary's River.—The St. Mary's river country contains many'properties, the ore of which is of low grade but of large extent. It is believed that this district will furnish the much-needed " dry ores " for smelting purposes in East Kootenay. The Sullivan Mining Co. are now proceeding with the erection of a smelter at Marys- ville, where Mark creek flows into the St. Mary's river. 32 THE MINING RECORD. Town lots have been for some months on the market, "and a town is rapidly springing up. The operations of a smelter at this point would not only lead to greater development and activity in this section, but would also p-ive a much-needed stimulus to mining in East Koote- nay generally. Good Hope.—Work done—50 feet of tunnel and crosscut, good showing of copper ore carrying from 8 to 40 per cent, copper, enriched in many places by native copper. Great Dane Mines, Ltd.—The Great Dane, White Star, Lodge Pole and Fisher, are now the property of the above company. Up to date some $5,000 have been expended in development work on the group in open cuts and tunnels. On the first-named three claims, a ledge 15 feet wide of solid galena, carrying 6.3 per cent, copper has been encountered. On the Fisher claim there is a ledge of galena 20 feet in width. Transportation facilities have been assured the company by the- C. P. R. Fuller Group.—Large amount of work, but no information as to exact extent. On a group of five claims belonging to Messrs. Laid- law and Hughes—work done, 70 feet of shaft. North Star Mine.—During the year very extensive development work has been carried out and some 1,000 tons of ore have been shipped per month. The North Star Mining Co. has paid in dividends to date $246,000 and has now in the treasury $230,000 not including proceeds of sale of some 1,000 tons of ore, returns for which are not yet to hand from the smelters. The output for the year is some 240,000 ounces of silver, and some 10,300,000 lbs. of lead. Other development work on the North Star hill is as follows :— Daffodil Fraction.—Tunnel 100 feet; carbonates encountered ; Crown grant applied for. Jack Pot Fraction.—One open cut, 131 feet; one open cut, 23 feet ; one open cut, 22 feet. Carnation Fraction.—-One open cut, 40 feet ; one open cut, 12 feet. Emerald Fraction.—Tunnel of 25 feet, Crown grant applied for. Notre Dame.—Fourteen feet of open cut; good showing of galena. A itchiness Fraction.—Shafting, 36 feet. Snllivan Mine.—This property has been comparatively inactive during the year. The company are now erecting a smelter at Marysville, so that extensive developments may be looked for in the near future. A road for the railway from Kimberley to the mine has been surveyed. Other development in the neighbourhood is as follows :—■ Jew Fraction.—Tunnel, no feet, showing up iron oxide. Hidden Hand.—Tunnel, 20 feet, in solid rock. Stonewall Jackson.—Tunnel, 100 feet, showing small quantity of galena and oxide. Quautrell.—Several open cuts showing iron oxide. NORTHWEST SECTION. ; This section covers the drainage area of Cherry and Skookum Chuck creeks, and is somewhat difficult of access, there being a great lack of trails. A few of the latter have been constructed this year. The ore of this section is admirably suited for smelting purposes, the gangue with which the valuable metals are associated, consisting very largely of iron oxide and lime, thus rendering the ore almost self fluxing. The inaccessibility of the country is doubtless the reason of there being but comparatively little development work done as yet. What work has been done gives every promise of the section proving fertile in mineral resource. On group of claims owned by Mr. Huckle, 40 feet of tunnel ; quartz ledge encountered carrying gold and copper pyrites. Lake and Blanche Claims.—Encouraging results have been met with. War Eagle Group.—Three claims ; 40 feet of tunnel; 12 feet open cut. . Mother Lode and Copper King.—Tunnel, 50 feet; 20 feet open cut. Carbonate King. —Work to date consists of 300 feet of tunnel ; a shaft has also been sunk on the property. During the year trails have been constructed from the Carbonate King to the Copper Cliff, Iron Mountain, Blanche and Lake claims. NORTHEAST KOOTENAY IN 1901. By James Brady, M. E. COMMENCING at the south end of the district Findlay Creek and Dutch creek have attracted a good many prospectors this season. A number of claims have been taken up and a fair amount of work done on these and previous locations. High grade argentiferous grey copper and galena lodes, some of which are also gold bearing, have been located on the Southwest Fork, where work is being carried on all winter. Copper ores, galena and gold quartz lodes are also found on the main stream, on the South Fork of Findlay creek and on Dutch creek, and as the country is easy of access and the mining region only from 8 to 15 miles from the ranches and townsite on Findlay creek, it is probable that some active mining camps will be established here next season. There is already a good wagon road from the meadows and townsite to landing on Upper Columbia lake, a distance of about 10 miles, and fair trails up the different creeks. Toby Creek.—-The wagon road has been completed to the North Fork, 18 miles from Athalmer landing, and gives access to, and an outlet for, the ores of the Paradise and Silver Belt groups on Spring creek, the Delphine, Hot Punch, B. C. and other claims on the North Fork and higher up the main stream. The Paradise Co.—Since their shipment of 1,000 tons of carbonate ore this summer, they have been and are continuing the work of development with a view to prospecting their lode in depth, and blocking out ore for future extraction. They will ship at present only the ore taken out in the course of development. The Delphine Co.—Will haul out about a car load of ore, which is now on the dump—their former shipment having given satisfactory returns—and expect to continue work on the mine. The M. T. Fraction.—The adjoining claim made a shipment in October of some 17 tons to the Trail smelter. The published returns are as follows : Two hundred and forty-eight and three-tenths ounces silver and 4 9-10 per cent, copper per ton ; total returns, $2,252.29 ; freight charges from Golden $10 per ton. This claim is being worked under a lease, and the above returns will greatly encourage other miners in the district to develop their claims. There are many other claims in this part of the Province that might be leased and worked to advantage. I do not know the cost of mining and transporting the M. T. ore to Golden, but the Paradise ore is hauled to the landing, shipped by steamer to Golden and placed f.o.b. the cars at that station for $7.50 per ton. The distance to the Delphine and M. T. Fraction is about 24 miles, and to the Paradise 17 miles. THE MINING RECORD. Further up the main stream are the Hot Punch, Mineral King and other claims on which work has been done this season. On the range between Boulder creek and Law creek are situated several groups of claims, the Sitting Bull, Silver Thread and Pretty Girl, with the Delos on the north side of Boulder creek below, and the White Cat on the south side above. I am told that some' work has been done here this season, but have no particulars. Horse Thief and McDonald Creeks.—These creeks are now connected with the landing at Peterborough by a wagon road some 30 miles in length, finished this fall. This road is said to have cost $30,000, and as the company which owns the Iron Cap, Red Line and other claims on McDonald creek paid half of the above amount, and had previobsly opened up some of their lodes to a greater depth—as I am informed—than has been attained in any other mines in Northeast Kootenay, it is fair to presume that the properties are developing in a satisfactory manner, and that they will soon become shippers of ore. On Bugaboo creek, Spillimacheen and tributaries, Fifteen-Mile creek and Canyon creek only assessment work has been done this season. On the eastern side of the Columbia river, up the Beaver Foot or Ice river and Moose creek, mica, zinc, river a fine quality of amber mica has been found and some 26 claims located. A cargo of this mica was brought into Golden by pack train, and will be shipped to market. A high price is expected, as the quality is said to be exceptionelly good and th size. blocks of large A REVIEW OF MINING OPERATIONS IN BOUNDARY DISTRICT, DURING 1901. By E. Jacobs. IN reviewing the position of the mining industry in the Boundary district as the year 1901 draws to a close, two chief and striking evidences of substantial progress call for especial notice. These are the large increase in ore production and the establishment and singularly successful operation of two local smelting works. The year 1900 witnessed the advancement of the industry from the purely development period to the initial stage of production, and it was with very much gratification that the present reviewer, after a rather long anticipation of the arrival of such a time, was enabled a year ago to direct attention to the fact that the district had at length attained to a position fair- «"fcmi*,4 Snowshoe Mine Above the Clouds, Valley of Kettle River in Back Ground. galena, copper and gold quartz claims have been located ly justifying its earlier claim to be ranked as one of the and a fair amount of work done. A ton of mica, which more important mining sections of the Province. Corn- is of the kind used for covering boilers, steam pipes, paring, though, the position at the close of the year now etc., has been shipped to England and returns are ex- ending with that obtaining twelve months ago, there is pected daily. The Government has had a survey made far more abundant reason for pride in the district's pre- for a road from the siding at Leauchoil to Ice river, on sent standing as a producer, and there is added cause the east side of the Beaver Foot, and will probably for satisfaction in that it has been amply demonstrated build it in the spring, and eventually carry it on up that local mining and smelting conditions make it pos- Moose creek and the head waters of the Kootenay sible, with copper maintaining anywhere near its pre- river, thus opening up a very promising field for pros- sent market value, to profitably operate the immense pectors and giving access to some fair sized tracts of bodies of low-grade ore occurring in the district. Pos- meadow and agricultural land. sibly the most important experience gained during the A trial shipment of 1,400 lbs. of'ore from the Ver- year is the realisation of the fact that both mining and mont Creek mines gave the following returns : smelting must, to ensure profitable returns, be carried on on a large scale, and it is especially encouraging to Silver 72.41 oz. at 57^c. for 95 per cent $48.27 note that both of the mining and smelting companies Lead 60.20 per cent, at 1,587 for 90 per cent 2I-47 operating largely in the district are already turning this $69.74 experience to practical account by considerably enlarg- Freight and charges $19 per ton 22.32 ing the treatment capacity of their respective reduction ~ works and extensively adding to production facilities at Net $47-42 their mines, whilst two or three other companies are Freight and charges for carload lots would of course actively preparing to similarly provide for the eventual be very much less than the above—probably not much working of their mines and the establishment of smelt- more than half. ers along" similar lines. Near the Big Bend of the Columbia, about 60 miles Among other features, also worthy of mention, are northwest of Donald, and five or six miles west of the the following : The quarrying method of mining ore has 34 THE MINING RECORD. been successfully adopted; the Granby company's Knob Hill mine, and the B. C. Copper company's Mother Lode mine having opened enormous surface quarries in ore which is sent direct to the smelter as it comes from the quarries, without being sorted at all ; and several other mines are preparing to do likewise. The diamond drill has been brought into use in five or six mines, to prospect for ore bodies below or beyond existing mine workings. The Granby company was the first, j in recent years, to adopt this method of prospecting in this district, and later the B. C, Snowshoe, Morrison and others followed suit, in some instances with satisfactory results. Railway facilities have, to some extent, been increased, whilst new transportation projects have been started which will benefit the district. The Canadian Pacific railway has added to the number of short spurs from its lines, thereby making ore shipping operations more expeditious and economical at the mines thus con- venienced. Of the new railways referred to, two are in Statistics relating to ore production and treatment are given below, but before going into these some general comment on the several mining camps in the district and the chief properties in them that from time to time have had mention in the press, will likely prove of interest. Taking the camps in order of importance, from the joint standpoint of development and production, Greenwood camp (so named officially, but also known as Phoenix camp) easily comes first, both as regards footage of development work done and tonnage of ore shipped. Six months ago the writer compiled statistics of underground work done to May 31st throughout the district, the obtainment and compilation of which occupied more than a week. Lack of time has prevented similar work being undertaken to bring the figures down to date, but it may be stated that the number of lineal feet of work done in underground development of the mines in Greenwood camp has now reached an approximate total of 27,000 feet, or more than five miles of un- IPiii '-•* m t»'-«j "^s,- ^■agr***?'*"- Office and Boiler Buildings-at Snowshoe Mine. course of construction, one from Marcus, Washington, via Cascade City and Grand Forks, to Republic, Washington, and the other a shorter line connecting the two last-named towns. These will bring the Republic and other near-by mining camps on the Colville Indian reservation into close connection with the Granby company's smelter at Grand Forks, whilst the former will give the last-named town a competing railway, which it is intended shall later also tap the chief mining camps of the Boundary. - It has been announced that arrangements have been made to shortly commence the permanent survey of the projected Vernon-Midway railway which will, when completed, afford transportation facilities to the very promising mining properties now being opened up on the West Fork of the Kettle river. Arrangements are well forward for supplying the district with electric power, the Cascade Power company being now engaged in completing its works at Cascade City for generating electricity and having its transmission line from Cascade to Phoenix nearly completed. The Granby company has increased the capacity of its power plant on the North Fork of the Kettle river, so it will have ample power for its large increased smelting plant. Snowshoe Mine.—Foreman's Cottage, Boarding House, Bunk House. derground workings. Of this total about 11,000 feet has been done in the Granby company's group of mines, about 7,000 in the Dominion Copper company's mines, some 6,000 feet in the Snowshoe, 2,000 feet in the Gold Drop and 1,000 feet in the War Eagle. The two last- named properties have not been at work during the year. The Dominion Copper company shut down its mines a few weeks since, but lately they have been exhaustively examined and sampled by representatives of another company which may shortly take them over. In any case work will probably be resumed in them shortly. Machinery and plant has been added to at the mines of both the Granby and Dominion Copper companies, whilst the Snowshoe quite recently ordered from the Jenckes Machine Co. two additional large steam boilers and the first half of a 30-drill air compressor, the latter to be so constructed as to be suitable for working by steam power or by electricity, similar in this respect to compressors in use at several of the larger mines at Rossland. The Granby company has erected more mine buildings and cottage residences, the latter for married employees, and the Snowshoe company lately built new offices, bunk and boarding houses, and THE MINING RECORD. 35 comfortable villa residences for its mine manager and foreman respectively. Phoenix, situated close to the principal mines of Greenwood camp, is now an incopor- ated town and is making many street and other improvements, and providing water and other public conveniences necessary for the continued advancement of the town. Deadwood camp, which ranks next in importance, has three mines at work, viz., the Mother Lode, Sunset and Morrison. The aggregate footage of development work is about 18,000 feet, or nearly three and a half miles of underground work, leaving out of account here as in Greenwood camp, the large area worked in ore stopes and quarries and of this, 7,000 has been done in the Mother Lode, about 4,000 in the Sunset and adjoining Crown Silver (both owned by the Montreal and appreciably large scale. Steady progress has been made at the Morrison mine during the year, and recent reports are to the effect that the diamond drill has shown the existence of a promising ore body at the 300-foot level. Test shipments of ore have been made this month to the Trail and Granby smelters respectively aggregating during the first ten days about two hundred tons. West of Deadwood camp the only district mine worked during the year was the King Solomon, which lately suspended operations after sending to the smelter about 850 tons of copper ore of generally good grade. Summit camp properties have had a fair amount of attention during the year, but outside of the B. C. mine there has not been very much substantial progress made. A reference to the table of ore shipments will show that Smelter, Greenwood, B. C Boston Copper company), 3,000 in the Morrison, and the remaining 4,000 divided between the Buckhorn, Great Hopes, D. A. and Gold Bug group, Marguerite, Greyhound and Ah There. The Mother Lode equipment includes the largest air compressor yet brought into the district, also the biggest hoist. At this mine, too, is the only conveying-belt plant in the Boundary with its accompanying big rock crusher, the ore being crushed here before going to the smelter. A still larger rock crusher is being put in, this being necessary to keep pace with the increasing treatment capacity of the company's smelter. Several new buildings were erected at this mine during the year, whilst at the neighbouring Sunset a large new hoisting engine is being installed, substantial and commodious boarding and bunk houses have recently been substituted for the smaller buildings previously in use, and ore bins, railway spur, and other shipping facilities were provided, the intention being that this mine will ere long continuously ship ore on an the B. C. has contributed in an important degree to the output of the year. Besides making a goodly showing as regards tonnage, this mine is noteworthy as yielding ore of higher average grade than most of the other producing mines of the Boundary. Its output was restricted during two or three months following the curtailment of operations at the Trail smelter consequent on the miners' strike at Rossland, but since then the Greenwood smelter has been able to take more of its ore than earlier. A lot of exploratory work was done on the R. Bell mine, but although the ore met with was of higher grade than is usual in the district it was not in large quantity. Operations were discontinued here early in the fall. The Blue Bell was worked down to about 120 feet, at which depth the ore was cut off by a thick sheet of porphyry, which occurrence is only characteristic of this part of the camp, experience in the neighbouring B. C. mine being that the ore is usually met with again immediately under the porphyry. The owners of the 36 THE MINING RECORD. Blue Bell having declined to extend the time for making the payments under the bond, work was discontinued and the bond allowed to lapse. The Oro Denoro has been examined two or three times with a view to purchase from the King Mining company, which apparently lacks the capital necessary to make a shipping mine of it, but it is generally understood that prospective buyers were not prepared to pay the price asked for the property. Nothing has been done on the Emma excepting sending a few car loads of surface rock out. The Mountain View and the Rathmullen group have no progress of importance to note. In the neighbourhood of Summit camp the Rambler claim has had attention, and now the diamond drill is to be used to prospect the claim from its 100-foot level, but so" far the promise given by the big surface outcrop of mineral has not been realised underground, although the indications are favourable to eventual success. In Wellington camp both the Winnipeg and the Golden Crown are now at work. The year's record of the Winnipeg is one of plucky and persistent effort to compel success, and it must be gratifying to those who displayed unusual perseverance in developing this mine to think that it is in a more satisfactory position now, from a mining point of view, than at any previous time in its history. Two or three important discoveries were made in the mine and it is now being worked on strictly practical and economical lines, so that its success, in the light of late developments, may be regarded as very probable if not already assured. Here, too, additions have been made to plant and buildings, and the returns now being received from the product of the mine are encouraging the management to prepare for more adequate equipment and enlarged operations. The company owning the Golden Crown having been reorganised, work was lately resumed in the mine. The directors who have visited the mine since the determination to reorganise was arrived at, announced that they will be guided in their development policy by the most competent advice they can Obtain, so that the prospects of the Golden Crown redeeming its past appear favourable. The Athelstan was worked for a part of the year and shipped some ore, but at present it is idle, as, too, is the Hartford now owned by an incorporated company. The Jewell, in Long Lake camp, has had another spell of work, but at the time of writing it is closed down. What is known as the northeast ledge has been sunk on and a long crosscut has been run in an endeavor to find the ledge at depth, but, it is stated, without success. The ledge known as the Jewell, ledge, has, however, been picked up again on the 230-foot level beyond where it faulted, so this fact adds to the value of the mine. The discovery was made, though, after the manager of the mine had left for England, and suspension of work following shortly after, not much is yet known of the conditions under which the ore here occurs. It has been freely stated that a body, of ore opened up at the 330-foot level a few weeks ago carries higher values than the ore mined on the other levels and which was already of a grade that left a margin of profit. About 325 tons of the Jewell ore were shipped to the smelter in the fall. The directors in England will probably decide the future operations and further consider the question of putting in a reduction plant, after they have had opportunity of conferring with the manager. Some more prospecting has been done on the Ethiopia, and on the North Star, but little work was done on the other claims in this camp. The only property at work in the Central camp during the year, outside of doing the annual assessments, was the No. 7 mine, owned by some of the New York mining men who have made a big mine of the Mother Lode. They put in a steam-power plant and extended the levels at 60 feet and 120 feet depth and now the shaft is being sunk to 200 feet or deeper, the stopes in the two levels named being meanwhile got into shape for maintaining a steady output of ore when the snow shall have made the roads good enough to admit of heavy hauling being resumed. About 800 tons of ore from this mine have recently been treated at the Greenwood smelter. The No. 7 will likely give a good account of itself during the coming year. The properties of the City of Paris and Majestic companies have not been worked for some time past, which has been a disappointment to those who looked to this camp keeping its end up this year. In Smith's camp, near Boundary Falls, the Ruby, under bond to Detroit capitalists, is being prospected with indications of its being found to contain ore bodies that it will pay to work. Several car loads of ore from this claim were sent to the Greenwood smelter last month, but the returns, believed to be good, the ore presenting a very promising appearance, have not yet been made public. The Republic group in the same camp, like others upon which work had previously been done, remained closed down all through the year, but efforts are being made to again interest capital in this group. The Lake is the sole property at present operating in Skylark camp. A steam-power plant was put in last summer and substantial and roomy mine buildings erected. Over the vertical shaft, now down well on towards 150 feet, a well-built gallows frame stands, with provision for automatic dumping of the big bucket. A strong body of iron-copper ore was in the shaft for about seventy feet, but it dipped out at about 100 feet depth. A crosscut will shortly be run to cut it again. At present depth stringers of ore carrying high silver values come in and indications are favourable to good results being obtained here. A little work is being done on a narrow vein of rich ore on the old Providence claim in the camp of the same name. Several prospectors are at work in Kimberley camp, but developments there are not yet attracting much attention. Graham's camp, near Midway, has been very much neglected of late. Outside camps are not yet making much progress. Up to the West Fork of Kettle river there are some properties that, with transportation facilities provided, would likely soon develop into paying mines, the ore being of a much higher grade than generally occurs in the more favourably situated camps of the district. The Carmi, which shipped nearly 900 tons of ore last winter, is the most developed at present, but the Butcher Boy, Rambler, Sally and two or three others, are also considered good claims. Frank camp, up the east branch of the North Fork of Kettle river, is also reported to have some good showings, but that camp is as yet without wagon road communication and is consequently at great disadvantage in developing its prospects. Much booming was done in the fall by Grand Forks people in an endeavour to attract attention to alleged coal fields, up the main branch of the North Fork, but so far little has transpired to show that the seams discovered are important either in size or number. The following table shows the quantity of ore shipped during the year by the mines of the Boundary, respectively, as aggregating about 385,000 tons. The actual tonnage for eleven months ended November 30, was 35*i942 tons. Adding 33,058 tons for December, which is rather below the output of either October or November, the total of 385,000 tons is well within the mark. For the purpose of comparison the shipments of the individual mines during 1900 are also given : THE MINING RECORD. 37 Tons—1900. Old Ironsides and Knob Hill (Granby Co's) group. 64,585 Mother Lode (B. C. Copper Co.) 6,564 B. C. (B. C. Chartered Co.) 19,494 Golden Crown. 2,241 ,100 297 City of Paris 2,000 Winnipeg Snowshoe Athelstan 1,200 Carmi King Solomon No. 7 R. Bell Sunset (Montreal & Boston Copper Co.) Jewell Brooklyn (Dominion Copper Co.) Ruby Sundry small shipments 160 150 Total for 1900 87,741 Total for 11 months of 1901 Add December Total for 1901 1901. 210,564 89.384 44,619 949 ',515 550 882 850 805 480 435 325 ' 80 500 3SI.942 33.058 385,000 B. C. COPPER CO'S SMELTER, GREENWOOD. 1901. Tcn«. Daily Averoge February (11 days) 3,016 March 10,519 3301-3 April 11,322 377 1-3 May 11,830 381 1-2 June 11,206 373 1-2 |uly 11,943 386 1-4 August (23 days) 6,884 35° 2-5 September 11,823 394 October 12,660 408 2-5 November 12,264 4°8 4-5 December (estimated) 12,648 408 Total 117,115 The tonnage of the ore smelted at Boundary smelters during the year aggregates about 347,000 tons. The product of the B. C. mine was sent to Trail until August, some 32,000 tons having gone to that smelter from this mine alone. Other mines sent smaller quantities to either Trail or Nelson, thus accounting for the remainder of the difference between the output of the. GRANBY CON. M., S. AND P. CO'S SMELTKR, 1900. Tons. August (11 days) 2,901 September 8,753 October 14,215 November 18,050 December 18,467 Total 62,387 1901. January 17,640 February 17,708 March i9,7'3 April 18,995 May I9.075 June 18,510 July .' 18,176 August 18,028 September 20,059 October 20,347 November 20,706 December (estimated) 21,390 Total , 230,347 291 468 601 2-3 1-4 2-3 595 2-3 Dam and Head of Flume, Granby Smelter. grand forks. mine for the year and the tonnage treated at the dis trict smelters during1 the same period. The followiner wauy Average, figures will show the tonnage of the smelters from the - - time they commenced operations until the close of the year. The December figures are estimated, but in each case, December being a 31 day month, they are calcu- ■ lated at a similar daily average to that of November. It should be noted that the Granby smelter commenced operations with a single furnace in August, 1900, and that in October following its second furnace had been blown in ; also in comparing results allowance should be made for some short stoppages of one or other of its furnaces for necessary repairs. The figures for 1900 are given to make the record complete to date. In conclusion it may be mentioned that both smelters are doubling their present capacity, and the Granby company is, as well, putting in a converter, to convert the matte into blister copper. Arrangements have been made for the B. C. Copper company's matte being sent to the Granby converter, so both companies will benefit by the provision of this additional plant. 569 632 ] r-5 63S 633 : [-6 615 t-3 617 586 i-3 581 1-2 668 : 2-3 656 i-3 500 i-5 690 38 THE MINING RECORD. THE FAIRVIEW DISTRICT. A CORRESPONDENT writes: Operations in this district have been chiefly confined to the development of the Stemwinder mine, one of the properties of the Fairview Corporation, Limited. The concern laboured for a period under financial difficulties, but recently the necessary capital was provided by the shareholders, who consented to a reconstruction scheme upon an assessable basis. The main shaft is down 300 feet and drifts on the different levels to the extent of 4,000 feet, have shown a large quantity of ore. Since the first of the year the shaft has been sunk 120 feet and the third level has been opened up for 200 feet with the happy result of proving the ore at that depth to be of a higher grade than at either of the upper levels. Stations have been made at the three levels, and all is by 12 concentrators (six Frue vanners and six Henry Norbom vanners). The batteries are fed by 10 Challenge ore feeders, which receive the ore from the bin above, which holds 300 tons. The mill is situated about 300 feet from the mouth of the shaft and a covered track is laid from the bottom of the bin, at the mine, and runs directly into the mill, so that the ore can be dumped at any portion of the bin. A large bin is situated below the rock breaker so that the work of carrying the ore is only carried on in the day time. The concentrators are driven by a 25 h.p. upright engine, and the mill is driven by a 127 h.p. Bates-Corliss engine. These engines are of sufficient capacity to drive a mill of double the size, and it is the intention to add 20 more stamps in the spring, and all arrangements have been made so that these can be added without stopping the present mill, except for possibly a day, to Bi Hoisting Plant, Stemwinder Mine, Fairview, B.C. in readiness to supply the mill with ore, as soon as the erection of the large rock breaker is completed. It was necessary in order to get the foundation for the rock breaker to take away the dump which occupied the ground required, and for the past few weeks the stamp mill has been running on the dump with highly satisfactory results. It is expected that by the first of the year that all the work of construction will be completed and it is reasonable to suppose that the work of extraction and development will go on indefinitely, as the quantity of ore in sight is very considerable. In this case, being a comparatively low grade proposition, the principal question is of cheap extraction and treatment of the ore. Over 1,000 tons of dump ore have been treated at the mill, which has proved that the ore is of such a friable nature that over the average can be handled by the stamps. It has also proved that the mill is perfectly adapted for the work. The mill has 10 batteries of 26 stamps and is equipped with all the latest labor-saving devices. The concentrators are handled couple the main shaft. The mill is heated by the exhaust steam from the engines, so that no fire is used in the mill. The boiler house is situated midway between the mill and the shaft house and is composed of two large tubular boilers (140 h.p.). The compressor (four- drill Rand) is situated at the head of the shaft and a 35 h.p. hoisting engine is also in this building. A large Blake pump is on the third level and pumps the water from the mine to the mill, where it will be used in case of shortage of water at any time. To the north of the boiler house is situated the saw and planing mill, and all the lumber used in the erection of the mill (except what was on hand) was cut at this mill. The blacksmith shop is situated immediately to the northwest of the shaft house. A Pelton wheel will be installed at this point, which will supply the air for the forges by a fan and operate the electric light plant, which it is expected will be in operation early in the year. At the other side of the road is situated the boarding and bunk houses as well as the superintendent's office and assay THE MINING RECORD. 39 office, which is presided over by Mr. T. D. Pickard, mine. The superintendent's office and assay office are Provincial assayer. This gentleman is also the secre- situated midway and overlooking all the works and are tary of the corporation, combining two of the most im- very complete in all details, as is necessary in this important offices in the gift of the company. The cor- portant branch of the business, poration has a good water supply to all buildings, and The intention of the corporation is to shortly install Stamp Batteries, Stemwinder Mill. the comfort of the workmen has not been forgotten. electric machinery and operate the entire plant by The boarding house is very roomy and can accommo- a water power, which will economise considerably, date 50 men comfortably. The engineer's and mill In addition to the extraction of ore for the mill, the Vanner Room, Stemwinder Mill. men house I bunk house is situated to the left of the boarding corporation will continue the work of development ar ;:, while the bunk houSe of the miners is nearer the shortly a shaft is to be sunk vertically on the vein fro nd m 40 THE MINING RECORD. the 300 to 400-foot level. When this is accomplished a raise will be made to the surface, coming out immediately behind the mill and all the ore will be hoisted and dumped directly into the mill ore bin, after passing through the crusher, which will be placed at the head of the shaft. This plan is being followed upon the advice of the Provincial mineralogist, Mr. Robertson, and it is expected will reduce the cost of extraction to a very low point. The corporation owns several other promising properties, but no work is being done on them at present, with the exception' of the coal measures, situated 10 miles from Fairview, which are being worked in a small way in order to supply the local demand. The intention is to, in the near future, thoroughly exploit this area as the quality of coal now being extracted is of a very high grade. At the time of writing, December 6th, the ground has been cleared and ore bins erected at the hoist, and within a few days the mill will be supplied with ore from the give a short description of the topography and general geological characteristics of the country. The district to which the name of " Lardeau " is commonly applied includes two full mining divisions (Trout Lake and Lardeau), and part of a third (the Ainsworth). It is to the Trout Lake division that the following notes particularly refer, but the general features of the rest of the district are very similar. This area is mainly composed of semi-crystalline slates and schists, interstratified with occasional beds of altered limestone, which latter, owing to its superior hardness, usually stands out in relief from the adjoining rocks. From the wall-like appearance which is thus often presented by these belts of lime, they have been loccally termed "dykes," and hence such expressions as " the great lime dyke," which is the name applied to a very prominent exposure of this rock which occurs near the summit of the divide between the Duncan river and the forks of Lardeau creek. The general Stemwinder Mill—127 h. p. Corliss Engine. mine. By New Year results will be known as the cleanup will take place early in January, but the prospects are eminently favourable, and as the company has now a thoroughly practical and experienced man in charge of operations, it may confidently look forward to a long- and successful career. The Dominion Consolidated Company, Limited operating properties immediately above the Stemwinder are getting ready to commence active operations hav' ing, it is understood, completed arrangements for'large working capital, and a new era of prosperity seems to be with us. NOTES ON RECENT PROGRESS IN THE LARDEAU DISTRICT. By J. McLellan, A. R. S. M. S somewl tions in the Lardeau, lat vague ideas regarding mining condi- . appear to be prevalent in outside quarters, it may be of use, in presenting a tew notes as to recent progress, to in the first instance strike of the formation is northwesterly, and the beds in most instances dip at a high angle to the northeast. 1 his dip, however, is by no means universal and occasionally is in the opposite direction. The crystalline slates and schists, while retaining- the same general strike and dip over a considerable area, vary extremely, both in appearance and structure within comparatively short distance, at one place presenting the appearance of a soft fissure shale showing tew traces of metamorphism, while at others the rock is hard, massive, and completely crystalline. In colour they vary from grey or greenish-grey, to black. A granitic exposure of considerable extent occurs about five miles south of the northwesterly extremity of trout lake, but no discoveries of economic interest have yet been made in this formation. The veins upon which, up to the present time, the greatest amount of development has been done, follow the general strike and dip of the formation ; or, if cutting the bedding planes at all, only do so at a very small angle. . * THE MINING RECORD. 41 Fissure veins cutting across the formation at a considerable angle, are, however, also occasionally met with both in the lime and slates. The veins in most instances are of moderate width (one to five feet), but larger bodies also occur, the high- grade ore being usually found next one of the walls, and associated in many cases with considerabie quantities of lower-grade material, which, under present conditions, cannot be handled at a profit. Much of this lower-grade ore, however is amenable the larger creeks, are fairly open, and at many points present stretches of level land, which have been taken up for agricultural purposes. The smaller creeks, however, cut up the country into a series of deep and narrow valleys, the sides of which, though often very steep, are usually covered with a heavy growth of timber. The tracks of snowslides, although not often seen in the lower hills, are more frequent with increase of altitude and as the timber becomes more scattered. Many » ST.filCT-J £A4>ui>,f «./««•/" thm 6 * tier Jc n o<u/rt rn t tti rt o Ct+*m$. to concentration and will probably be treated by some such process at a future period. The minerals of most common occurrence are, galena, tetrahedrite (grey copper), zinc blende, and iron and copper pyrites, the gangue being usually quartz, but often with more or less calcite, siderite, etc. Of those minerals the grey copper is as a rule the richest in silver, but a fine grained zinc blende is also found, especially in the Nettie L. mine, which likewise carries high values. Topographically the district is of very varying characteristics. The valleys of the Lardeau and of some of of the creeks have glaciers at their heads, and the country as a whole, at the higher levels, is of a very rugged description. From the above it will be seen that the district is one where most of the properties can be developed by means of tunnels (often along the vein) and so avoid the expense inseparable from shaft work. By far the worst obstacle to development in the past has been the lack of proper transportation facilities. The total ore production up to the present time is in the neighbourhood of 3,200 tons, of an average value of over $140 per ton. When it is considered that this 42 THE MINING RECORD. ore has had to incur a freight and treatment charge of river rom the Kootenay.lake to.Gerard' **| f^ °/ from $30 to over $50 per ton, according to the access!- Trout lake, has bee n under cons trueton *» ^mer^ bility of the property, and when the cost of supplies, The track is now laid for about half the distance and. The Great Lime Dyke. etc., is also taken into account, it must be admitted grading of the remainder is being carried to completion that a very fair showing has been made. as rapidly as possible. Lender the circumstances it is scarcely to be wondered It was hoped that the line would have been in opera- at, that the near approach of a railway is regarded with tion during the present year, but this now seems un- IPlillililP B\D Shot Mini-:. great satisfaction by those who have interests in the likely, although there is little doubt but that it will be country. ready to undertake the haulage of ore early in the com- The railway branch, which is being built by the Can- ing'spring. adian Pacific, and follows the course of the Lardeau The company is building freight sheds at Trout Lake THE MINING RECORD. 43 City and Gerard, the former being now practically completed and ready for the storage of ore. It is expected that a large proportion of the coming winter's output of ore will be delivered at Trout lake and allowed to remain until the railway company is in a position to handle it in the spring, as by this will be avoided the 12 miles' wagon haul to Thomson's landing and a saving of about $6 per ton effected. The completion of this branch of railway closes the pioneer stage of development and will mark the commencement of a new era in the history of the Lardeau. During the present year, while there has been noticing in the nature of a "boom," steady development has been carried on upon the great majority of the better known properties and some new strikes of importance have been made. As regards the well known properties such as the Silver Cup, Nettie L. and Triune, the returns from their recent small shipment of five tons from this property giving a return of $116 in gold and $12 in silver to the ton. No free gold is visible to the naked eye, but fine colours can be obtained on panning the oxidized surface ore. The John L. and other properties on Tenderfoot creek, also shows high-grade gold ore, while a recent discovery has been made on the Primrose group, located on the Duncan river slope. In all these cases the gold is associated with iron pyrites. In the case of the Lode group, however, the gold is largely free, though • often very fine, but this property seems only an exception to the general rule. The ore shipped from the Silver Cup, Nettie L. and Triune, all carries small values in gold, besides the more important silver values. It is impossible to estimate the true importance of these occurrences of gold-bearing ore, at the present stage of development, but enough has been done to View from Bad Shot Mine, B. C. gradually increasing ore shipments are the best proof of progress. The Silver Cup now employs 40 men, while the Nettie L. has about 25 at work, and both properties are expected to ship largely during the coming winter. The Triune, owing to its situation, is, under existing conditions, unable to operate during the winter months, and it is now closed down until spring. The last car load of ore shipped from this property netted the owners over $200 per ton, a result which goes to uphold its reputation as one of the highest grade silver-lead mines in the Province. The discoveries of rich free-milling gold ores made in the Fish Creek section during the summer, have induced very careful prospecting for this metal in the adjoining Trout Lake division. Although little or no free-milling ore has yet been discovered, important gold values have been shown to exist on many properties, especially in the section of country to the north of Trout lake. Iron pyrites associated with a white quartz of a peculiarly dull lustreless character, is the most common gold-bearing mineral. In a few properties, such as the Cromwell, etc., the gold forms the most valuable constituent of the ore, a show that the Lardeau has possibilities beyond those of a silver-lead camp pure and simple. A new section to attract considerable attention during the year has been that on Trout creek, about five miles west of Trout Lake City. Some very rich silver ore has been found, and the section bids fair to be of considerable importance as a future producer. The ores Gonsist mainly of grey copper and galena, carrying high values in silver, but very little gold. Although, on the whole, fairly satisfactory progress has been made, it is regrettable that so little capital has been interested in the 'country, very few claims having changed hands during the year. Many of the most promising prospects are still in the hands of the original locators, who find it difficult to procure funds for much more than the annual assessment work. It is to be hoped that the advent of a railway will change this condition of affairs, and that the necessary capital will soon be forthcoming to perform that systematic development, which, to judge from the appearance of their surface showings many of the claims certainly deserve. «*-«, 44 THE MINING RECORD. SLOCAN CITY MINING DIVISION, IN 1901. Bv W. D. McGregor, M. E. (McGill). THIS mining division practically consists of an area, irregular in outline, of about 100 square miles. East of the Slocan river and lake (the west side is in a different formation and no work is being d'one there) and which is all included in the " dry-ore belt" of ore deposits in the veins, made mining a very questionable undertaking here ; but we are learning, and though our progress is slow it is, to most of us, very satisfactory. The year 1901 has been marked chiefly by the rise of the Arlington to the first place among the Slocan mines, by the increase in the demand for our ores at the smelters and by general development. The record of production is sufficiently satisfactory. Last year the divi- Slocan.—Looking Up Springer Creek Valley. of the Slocan. The surface is extremely mountainous : the main range of the Slocan mountains, 7,000 to 8,000 feet high, forming the easterly boundary, while a parallel range, 5,000 to 6,000 elevation, from one to two miles from the lake and river, fills the west front. A series" of openings, binds and cross ranges occupy the inter- sion shipped 2,847 tons. This year to November 13, the output aggregated 5,490 tons, or say 6,320 tons for the year. This estimate is probably below the mark, as a number of properties are waiting for snow to send down their ore by rawhide and sleigh. In any case, however, an increase is shown of 122 per cent, over last year. As Freight Waggons on the Arlington Road. vening space. _ This irregular mass of mountains is divided in all directions by deep creek valleys, generally heading in typical basins. Faulting contorted strata and other evidences of extensive movement are common. Veins and veinlets, more or less mineralised, are common also. The general occurrence of faults and the irregularity all of this, except about 1,000 tons of second-class ore from the Arlington, is high-grade sorted ore I would judge the values to be not far from $375,000. This again must be very nearly the amount expended during the year in the district, upon mining, developing, prospecting, road building, etc. As the district is in a very early stage of development this must be regarded THE MINING RECORD. 45 as a most favourable showing. In particularising the work of the year I shall, for convenience, divide my notes according to the creeks whose valleys furnish access to the various properties beginning with : Ten-Mile.—The principal mine on this creek is, of course, the Enterprise, owned and operated by the Enterprise Mines Co., of London, Eng. The year has been used in development work and the erection of a concentrator and compressor plant. The results of the development work are said to be eminently satisfactory. There is a two years' supply of ore for the mill and the mine is looking better than at any previous time. This means a good deal, as the mine paid well in the hands of its former owners. Shipments have been small, as only the sorted ore taken out in development has been handled, but by the last of the year, should be in full swing. The Iron Horse group, close to the Enterprise, has been sold to a Pittsburgh company, which has done considerable development and is now installing pumping and hoisting machinery. The Nee- manager's house and cottages, keeps its saw-mill running and has had a pay roll of about 140 men. They, keep from 8 to 10 four-horse teams busy hauling up supplies and ore down. The Speculator group adjoining and also under Mr. Collan's general management, has been paid for after a year's active development, and the price paid, $55,000, shows their satisfaction with the property. Here, too, the buildings and surface improvements are convenient and commodious. A telephone wire has been run from the Speculator to the Arlington, on down to the saw mill and then to their office in Slocan. Another wire has been set on these poles and carried over to the Enterprise and down to the saw-mill on Ten-Mile. The Mahon group still north of the Spectator and on the summit between Springer and Ten-Mile creek, has had a lot of surface work and will continue development next season. South of the Arlington and across Springer creek some heavy work has been done in order to find the Method Employed of Transporting Supplies to the Slocan Lake Mine. pawa group has just been bonded, the terms calling for continuous work on the property. A very complete saw-mill has been put in by Mr. Koch, about five miles up the creek. The local improvements are keeping this busy. Twelve-Mile Creek.—The year has not been as prosperous here as was expected. The V. & M. mines worked during the earlier part of the season, but lack of funds in the treasury and some dispute among the owners, led to a shut down. We all hope to see them working again in the near future. The Champion group adjoining and on the same vein, has been sold to a Detroit company, which may start in to work it at once. The only property on the creek working at present, is the Myrtle group up at the head, where the owners have one of the best surface showings of the season and have just completed building, etc., preparatory to developing all winter. Springer Creek.—-The Arlington has passed into the rank of the big mines, has paid off much of its indebtedness, built new bunk houses, ore bins, sorting house, Arlington vein. It is generally thought that this has been accomplished. Several properties have been at work in a small way near the head of the creek, and at least one of these, the Hampton, will keep at work all winter, shipping its high-grade ore—500 oz. or better. West of the Arlington the Bondholder and Ottawa are both under lease and taking out ore. The Tamarac group has been sold and will begin shipping as soon as rawhiding can be done. Some 200 feet of development work has been done on the Morning Star. The Exchange, working under lease, is also producing some high-grade ore. On Republic mountain, close to the town of Slocan, a Detroit syndicate has bonded, and will probably have purchased by the time these notes appear, the full string of claims located on the mineralised zone from Springer creek to the Republic, including some 12 locations. The Phcenix-Viking group, on the same mountain, has been purchased by a West Coast (Portland, etc.), syndicate and it will probably be worked on a very large scale this winter. The Transfer group has within the past few 46 THE MINING RECORD. days been put under a working bond to Spokane investors. Besides these I have mentioned there are numbers of claims that have been more or less opened up this season, some have done ioo to 200 feet of work ; some shipped a little ore and generally the work done has improved the appearance of the property. Lemon Creek.—Near the head waters, the prospectors have been busy developing and reports of both quantity and quality of ore are encouraging. Several miles of new trail have been built but no extensive work undertaken. On the Second North Fork, the leaseholders of the Black Prince have shipped over 150 tons, while the development has shown up the ledge so well that the group has been bonded at the price of $75,000. Several other locations in the vicinity are looking much better for the season's work. On the First North Fork the Chapleau and Slocan- Kilo Mining companies have, we are informed, been amalgamated with a largely increased capital, but work has not yet recommenced at the mines. The owners on the Legal count on developing all winter, as they are well pleased with the results, so far. The Fourth of July group has made two small shipments, and the pays us London prices, namely, $1.38 less $1.00 per 100 pounds for transporting the lead. In 1897 we had a tonnage of 33,576 tons, returns for which were approximately $3,280,686 ; in 1898 there were 31,057 tons shipped valued at over $3,000,000 ; in 1899, which was a disastrous year on account of the eight-hour law, about 19,000 tons only were shipped, and in 1900, 35,000 tons valued at about $3,280,000. During 1901 there has been shipped to date 25,675 tons—a very poor showing when taken into consideration that two new dry-ore properties have come to the front, viz., the Arlington and Hewitt, the former producing nearly 5,000 tons and the latter 2,000 tons, so deducting the production from these two dry-ore mines, it reduces the yield from the lead mines to about 18,000 tons. The above figures go to show that the Slocan has not made the progress it should and steps should be taken to improve matters in the future. At several mines operations have been entirely suspended, while others are only being worked in a small way. The excessive freight and treatment charges of $19 per ton, with silver and lead so low, is no encouragement to mining in the district. No great capital has been invested during the past Town of Sandon, as re-built, Nov. 1901, Showing Ruth Mill and Star Gulch. Hoodoo group, under lease and bond, has taken out some good ore. The general outlook is good. The town of Slocan, where practically all of the business for this division is done, is fairly prosperous and has been incorporated this year. There are some 500 men at work and improvement is steady though slow. The coming year should see at least a proportional advance. MINING IN THE SLOCAN. By E. M. Sandilands. THE past year in the Slocan has possibly been the worst since its discovery, in spite of the fact that to-day it is the richest silver-lead camp in North America. Since its discovery it has had numerous drawbacks and possibly more than any known camp of its age. We have had to contend against low prices of silver and lead, injudicious legislation, labour troubles, and this year added a new difficulty in the action of the United States smelter trust, which practically refused to treat, or even take, our ores. When the trust does condescend to purchase our product it year, except to a limited extent in the dry-ore belt around Slocan City ; the low freight and treatment charges on this class of ore is decidedly more favourable, as compared with the excessive charges on wet ores. Below I append a short review of the development at the principal Slocan mines during 1901 : Slocan Star.—This property is working about 85 men and shipping about 40 tons of high-grade ore daily. Up to within the last three months most of the ore has been treated in the concentrator, but since then the character of the ore has changed, and as the mill failed to save the values, it was decided to ship in bulk and now better returns are being obtained. The mine is looking well, with plenty of ore in the lowest levels. Shipments are being made to the Trail smelter. This company would have paid another dividend had it not been for cost incurred in litigation over a dispute with the adjoining property. Payne.—Development has been the main feature of this property during the past year, only sufficient ore having been mined to about pay running expenses. The No. 8 tunnel, which has been driven at great expense during the last year and a half, has failed to cut the lead at the lowest level and now a shaft is being sunk THE MINING RECORD. 47 to connect with the No. 8 tunnel. It is expected that ore will be encountered when the break which has cut out the ore above has been passed through. The company have purchased the old Lanark mill, which has been removed to Sandon, and is in course of erection at the terminal of the tramway on the K. & S. It is believed is a double-track tunnel, and is one of the best and largest tunnels in the Slocan. A force of about 60 men is employed and shipments are being made at the rate of two cars of ore per week. A quantity of ore has lately been discovered in the old upper workings, which were supposed to be stoped out. Air for the tunnel Payne Bluff on K. & S. Railway, 1,000 feet Below. that good results will be obtained from the milling of the dumps. In No. 5 a compressor plant for hoisting and drilling, operated by a gasoline engine, has been installed. Last Chance.—The long crosscut tunnel, which is being driven to cut the Galena vein, is now in over 2,000 feet and expected to strike the ledge daily. This Bridge on K. & S. Railway, After a Snowslide. operations is supplied by the compressors at the Noble Five mill at Cody. Ruth.—Since last February practically nothing has been done on this property, a few men only being employed only in development work. The mill has not been operaced since then. The lowest level is being driven ahead and in the spring the mine will be in a Slocan Lake and S.S. " Slocan.' 48 THE MINING RECORD. good position to produce regularly if prices justify. The Sunrise, an adjoining property, is looking very well. Ivanhoe Mine.—Only about half the usual crew have been working at this property for the last eight months and the mill has only been running one shift. Thirty- five men are employed. This property is principally owned by the Minnesota Silver Co., of Duluth. It is equipped with one of the finest concentrators and aerial tramways in British Columbia and is capable of producing continually under the ordinary conditions of metal market prices. Noble Five.—-This property was operated for a period during the summer and previous to the foreclosure of the mortgage by Mr. Dunsmuir, was looking well and paying its way. Several car loads of good-grade ore were shipped from the mine. Mr. Dunsmuir, I understand, intends to operate the property on a large scale when arrangements are finally concluded, whereby the mine will pass into his possession. American Boy.—A force of about 40 men have been kept continuously at work on this property and regular shipments have been made. This year the A. B. will rank amongst the Slocan's largest producing mines. The mine is looking well and is systematically opened up. Ore is transported to the railway over the Last Chance tramway. Idaho Mines.—Nothing but development work has been done on this property during the past year. Ore has been encountered in the lowest level, from which it is intended to build an aerial tramway to the company's mill at Alamo, the present surface tramway being too old and practically useless. This property is owned by Mr. G. W. Hughes and the Scottish Colonial Company and is under the former management. Next year the property will be in a position to ship regularly, it having now about 2,000 tons of ore awaiting treatment and shipment. This mine has paid large shipments in the past. Whitewater.—Most of the early part of the year this property was idle, but since has been in operation several months, two shifts being employed at the mill. The profits of the concentrates are very small and it is questionable how long it will be possible to continue to operate the mine at the present prices of lead and silver. There are 125 men on the pay roll and the mine is shipping about a car of cencentrates per day. Rambler-Cariboo.—During the summer the company purchased the old Washington mill in McGuigan basin, and re-erected it at the mine. The mill has a daily capacity of 50 tons and will be shortly in operation. From 60 to 70 men are employed and the mine produces about 500 tons of high-grade ore per month. This property is paying regular dividends and the stock is at present the most popular in British Columbia. There is 12 feet of clean galena at the bottom of the shaft at the lowest level. A new hoist is now being installed and when finished the shipments will be considerably increased, the mine being in excellent condition to maintain a regular production. New mine buildings were erected during the summer. Monitor.—This property is situate close to the town of Three Forks and in convenient proximity to the C. P. R. track. Work has been restricted during year the to development work, in the course of which, however, a sufficient quantity has been extracted to refund to the purchasers the price paid for the mine. The showing in the lowest level is most favourable, and there is on hand and in the ore house 400 tons of 300-oz. ore awaiting shipment. The ore carries very good value in gold and in one instance one car shipment averaged $20 in gold alone, but the general average gold value is about $8. This is the only property from which gold values are obtained in the Slocan. A force of 25 men is constantly employed. Reco.—Mr. Harris has made several permanent improvements at his mine during the year, among others the erection of a large ore house at the lowest level and also by shortening and improving the trail. Rawhiding has commecned and about 100 tons of ore have already been brought down, with the expectation of shipping 300 additional tons this winter. The mine is looking fairly well and working about 30 men. The low price of silver affects this property more than is the case with some of the other mines on account of the grade of ore. The Goodenough, the adjoining property, is working a few men and has shipped 200 tons this autumn. Sunset and Trade Dollar.—These properties are situate at the head of the Jackson basin and have within the past year made a very good record. They have a wonderful showing and are likely to become important producers in the future. About six car loads of ore are meanwhile being shipped monthly. The ore is of very good grade. The mine was first worked last fall and since that time has paid for itself. It is owned by Mr. G. Hughes and others. The Fairbanks Asbestos Disc Valves Are reliable and First Class in every particular. Our remarkable Asbestos Disc is a money saver to the steam user. A new Disc inserted in three minutes. All stuffing boxes packed with vulcabeston. We carry a complete line of steam fittings and can ship at short notice. Send for new supply Catalogue and prices. A postal will get you a booklet, showing some of the large plants and buildings using our goods THE E^^IUB^k-Isri^IS CO. 749 Craig St., MONTREAL. THE MINING RECORD. NOTICE. Kettle River Mining Division Notice is hereby given that all placer mining claims and leaseholds legally held in the Kettle River Mining Division may now be laid over until the 1st day ot May, A. D., 1902. Dated at Greenwood B.C., this 23rd day of November, A.D., 1901. WM. G. McMYNN, Gold Commissioner. Examination of Assayers. Bureau of Mines Act Amendment Act, 1899. Notice of Certificates Granted. In accordance with the terms of the said Act the Board of Examiners duly appointed under such Act met and held examinations at Victoria, beginning on the 18th November, 1901. As the result of such meeting and examination, I am recommended by the duly appointed Board of Examiners to issue, and I have issued, certificates of efficiency in assaying to the following gentlemen :— Under section 2, sub-section (1)— Ayres, D. A., Trail, B. C. Collinson, II., Victoria, B. C. Comrie, Geo. H., Vancouver, B. G. Marshall, Wm. Stone, Duncans, B. C. Under section 2, sub-section (2)— Coulthard, R. W., Fernie, B. C. Galbraith, M. T., Greenwood, B. C. Gwillim, J. C, Nelson, B. C. Stevens, F. G., Rossland, B. C. Department of Mines, Victoria, B. C, December 11, 1901. D. M. EBERTS, Acting Minister of Mines. THE With our Improved Governor and Safety Device, new pattern gab rod and hook, and other special features of our design of this type of engine, will commend themselves to those requiring Durability, Economy and Ease of Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Steam-power Plants designed, built and installed for operation. Our figures are at your service, and we think you will find them reasonable. Send for catalogues of anything in the mining machinery line. Free on request. THE JENCKES MACHINE CO. SHERBROOKE, QUE. Rossland, Creenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. Valuable Mining Property AT NORTH BEND, B.C., FOR SALE. Tenders will be received by The Ottawa Hydraulic Mining and Milling Company, Limited Liability, addressed to the undersigned, up to Monday, the 6th day of January, 1902, for the purchase of their mining property and water rights at North Bend, in British Columbia, and which may be known as that piece of ground situated at Boston bar, on the east side of the Fraser river, and formerly known as mining ground leased to John Webb, containing 64 acres, more or less, and the grant of water right to use 500 inches of water out of Four-Mile creek, opposite Lyons' ranch, opposite North Bend, together with a flume about four miles long, extending from Four-Mile creek to the mines of the company. There is situate upon the mining land a portable saw-mill, two monitors, a large quantity of iron piping, and also mining tools and supplies, which will be sold with the mine property. The vendors are not to be bound to accept the highest or any tender. For particulars apply to William C. McGillivray, New Westminster, B.C., or to the undersigned. Parkins, Fraser & Burbidge, 64 Sparks St., Ottawa, Solicitors for the Vendors. Mining Property for Sale in British Columbia. Tenders are invited for the whole property, including Crown granted claims, mill site, cyanide mill, (capacity 45 to 50 tons daily), tramway, assay office, laboratory and full equipment, of the Toronto Lillooet Gold r\eefs Company, Limited, situate in the Lillooet district of British Columbia, including the Ample, Whale, Monarch, and Welland Vale mines, which are Crown granted, also the North Star, the Golden Stripe, Golden Eagle, Ruby and Jumbo mineral claims, in the same district, together with a ten- stamp mill, machine drills and other equipments. Cash tenders for the whole property are requested but offers on working .options or for portions of the property will be considered. From the former group 950 tons of ore has been milled, with an assay value approximating $10.00 to $11.00. Wagon road from railroad to mill. The whole of the above will bear looking into and investigating, and are an exceptionally important and valuable group of claims with full working equipment. Full particulars may be had on application to Edgar Bloomfield, Liquidator. P. O. box 743, Vancouver, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location giving it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. HEARN & HARRISON, (Established 1857.) Manufacturers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., mmwamm@q^ Montreal, Canada. THE MINING RECORD. Hadfield's Patent Manganese Steel. Manganese Steel is made by Hadfield's Steel Foundry Co., Ltd., Sheffield, udder the Hadfield System and Patents. oM D ■i<m. m Pins and Bushes, Patent Removable Shell Tumblers, Improved Cast Steel Tumblers. Steel Gearing for Dredgers. Built-up Dredger Buckets, consisting of Best Cast Steel Back Casting fitted with Manganese Steel Bushes, with Rolled Steel Lip, with Back and End Plates all rivetted hrmly togetner. Manganese Steel Crushers, Plates, Roll Shells, Shoe and Dies, Steel Castings and Forgings. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: Francis T. Peacock, M. E., 204 St. James St., MONTREAL. WRITE FOR DREDGER CATALOGUE. Not an Experiment; in General Use Throughout the World. ZMJew Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill Operated by ONE man will perform work of THREE men drilling with bits and hammers. M/\DE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. Extensively used in United States. Testimonials- show this drill has in many instances reduced the cost of mining by one half. Easier to operate than to drill by bit and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY MONTH. Write for catalogue and testimonials. H. D. CRIPPEN, 52 Broadway, NEW YORK. SOLE JS/L-AJTsTTJ^j^CTTTTltttt. TKllb KRUPP QRU50NWERK Madgeburg-Buckau (Germany.) MINING MACHINERY ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of especially strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rlo'sGold Amalgamators, Settlers,&c. SEPARATION jP CONCENTRATION: Separators, Exhaustors, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT. (a) For Treating by the.Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and Concentration. (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and teaching. GOAL WASrjINC PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. MGENTS^ For CANADA—J as. W. Pyke & Go., 35 St. Francois Xauier Street, Montreal. For the UNITED STATES—Thos. Prosser & Son, 15 Gold Street, New York. For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico. For SOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S.A.R. THE MINING RECORD. The British Columbia Electric Railway Co., Ltd. MANUFACTURERS OF Lowest Rates for Domestic and Commercial Lighting. Special Motor Circuit direct from Sub-Station, Service Guaranteed. TRAMWAY SERVICE. I. Cars leave Government street for all principal parts of city, and also to Esquimalt, at short intervals. Time Tables nd Light for Power rates to be bad on application at the Company's office. 36 YATES ST., VICTOR/A, B.C. Designers and Engravers. Prices Right. K|akers of Plates for Artistic Illustrating. Cuts for Book and Job Printing. Illustrations in this number of the Mining Record were made by us ; if you want cuts it will pay you to see us before getting them elsewhere. Address: 26 Broad street, top floor, Victoria, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. Hoisting ^ Punpng Machinery For Mine Prospecting and Development. Sole Agents for the Ingersoll - Sergeant R,ock Drills and Air Compressors. tyanganese Steel Shoes and Dies. Bullock Diamond Drills Knowles' Pumps and Pulsometer Pumps. We carry in stock Oil Well Machinery and Supplies, Horizontal, Vertical and Portable Engines j d -i „ r> _i n,„„!,.,-.= fnrnUh Rolls Pulverizers, Concentrators, Ore Feeders, Hoisting ilngines, Horsf Power Hotting-Wnms Water Wheels Stim Pumps. Ore Cars Wire Rope Ore Buckets .^ater BuckeTs!skfpsrB?owers and Exhaust Fans, Shafting and Pulleys, Belt.ng, O.ls and Mine Supphes. Huntington Centrifugal Roller Quartz Mill, Simmons Ball-Bearing Hydraulic Giants, S • Paul Ball Mill. Harron, Rickard & McCoue (Incorporared). 21 and 23 Fremont Street, SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. EAST KOOTENAY MINES AND MINING STOCK. Coal, Petroleum and Timber and in British Columbia. McVITTIE & HUTCHESON, Cranbrook, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bank of British North America, VanCOUVeT, D.C*. Concentration op niiii O^es. The finest work is done by the HOOPER PNEUMATIC SYSTEM. ADDRESS : General Concentrates Company 517 W. 30th St., NEW YORK CITY. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON B.C. : SMELTING DEPARTMENT. j I PURCHASES COPPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. THE IS COVERRED IN THE ENTIRE AMERICAN MINES ANNUAL. UNITED STATES Of the Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead and Zinc Mining and Milling companies. Gives exact location, equivalent to nearest post office, officers, capitalization, business address, equipment of plant, stamps, smelter, cyanide, manager or superintendent thereof. Just PUBLISHED. ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, ACCURATE and CONCISE. All interested in Mining should have a copy. Best office reference work. Over two years in preparation by a specialist. Large advance subscription. PRIGE $5.00. First Edition limited to 3,000 copies. Sent PREPAID to any address by the publishers. (Send for Prospectus). GEO. E. VIGOUROUX & CO., 1278 Broadway, New York City. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T. HA ULTAIN, C E CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, nj?7?m7?. (<^< 9 and io, „ ,. , „ 0FFWE- Ww.c.B'iock. . Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON. CANADA. Cable Address: "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. H. MCGREGOR. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA *!!£ NELSON. HUGH BURNET, Civil Engineer, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mines and Mining. Estimates furnished for all kinds of modern up-to- date Mining Machinery, Construction of Aerial Tramways, &c. Rooms IO& lOa, Five Sisters Block, VICTORIA, B. C. P. 0. Box 346. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E.. M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson: A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. HOLDICH, Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal and Iron Co.. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and Ameri can process. REVELSTOKE, B. C. REMABLiE ASSAYS. Gold $ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 Lead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper... 150 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Rich Ores and Bullion bought. QGDEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, Col". CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B. O. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. _ Reports made oo Mining Properties. Mail samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. NELSON, B. G. Box 676. e^1* a^* e^1* Machinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. 6^* && t£r* ZPL-A.3STS, X?R-^~WIXsTO-S- ESTIMATES. W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M., A.I.M.M. Assayer in charge of Provincial Govern- E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M.F.G.S. ment Assay Office at Vancouver. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman, PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office ami Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Reports on IV|ines and Metallurgical arid Milling Processes. SPECIALTY: UMPIRE and CONTROL ASSAYS. Cable and Telegraphic Address : Analysis, Vancouver. \ If A llOnilllCD D A Codes : Moreing & Neal, A.B.C. and Lieber. / VANuUUltn, b. II. Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. poison's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. C. :e:d"w^:r:d j±. zk-A-Q-gkein", Mem. Am. Inst. Mining Engineers. Mem. Can. Min. Inst. MINING ENGINEER, REVELSTOKE, B. C. A. A. WATSON, B. Sc. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia SW SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL. *SS Mining and Surveying Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. F. NICHOLSON. CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting cap'tal and affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal Etteution given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. C, EAST KOOTENAY. TtiE MlftiJSTG RfeCORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J C GWILLIM, B. Sc Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B. C. mining" districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P. O. Box 43. john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. Sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS 0, nrtAM D f\ and LAND SURVEYORS. oLUL/AlN, D. O. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 6n Hastings St., Vancouver. A S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. I nC I IVI I l\ UIO I 111 W I as affording the best mining investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling1 on ore than the whole ot the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares m all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. Assay Office and Chemical Laboratory, 28 Broad reet, (Opp. Driard Hotel.) VICTORIA, B.C. WILLI AH F. BEST, f.c.s. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST & ASSAYER (Heidelberg and Leipzig.) Personal attention given to all assaying and chemical analysis. GEO. A. WALK EM, BSc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Cons^dting Engineer. Reports made Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Meek. Eng. of England, Amer. Inst, of Elec. E?zg. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of Ores, $25; Bullion and Ghlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year. Send for circular. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. B. H. HURST & CO'Y I Brokers ai Operators. Bankers : C. B. of Commerce. Codes: Clough : Moreing & Neil. 44 FORT STREET, iZICTORIH, B. C J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. Nichols, A.R.S.M. Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.SM. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd Present Office and Laboratory At the North Star Mine, KIMBERLEY, B. C. Prompt attention given to samples by mail or express. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, &a%?* N Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 18years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON," Ashcroft, B. THE MINING RECORD. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd ENGINEERS Machinists, Iron Founders, Boiler Makers, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. r^%$M mini min mi i m nil nil mini m miiimiiiimiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Mill MJJ1 , M H i Hill II TTTJ IN MM illllllllllilllllll iTT TT il 11 111 ill iiiii (IT Ml Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators ^ Hand Derricks, Riffles, Grizzlies, Etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, . Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers, Single and Double Drum Reading Engines. III! 11111111111111111111 1 1 mil 111 HI n niiiiMiiii IJ!||T hiiiiHiiiiillilllliilllll Hill Ml,, imiin WMSl ^sra QUICK REPAIRS A SPECIALTY We have our own Dock for Repairs to Steamers, Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, VANCOUVER, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. The Albion Iron Works Co LIMITED, ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS | AND BOILER MAKERS Canning Machinery, Steel Riveted Pipe, Tubular Boilers, Thawing Points, Derricks and Hydraulic Pipe, SPECIALTIES IN COMPLETE MINERS' OUTFITS. Marine and Land Engines and Boilers built for Government Inspection. Contracts Given for all Kinds of Work. Repairs Executed with Despatch. Castings of all Descriptions. Agents for Worthington Pumps. OFFICE AT WORKS No. 6 Chatham St. & No. 71 Store St, Victoria and Vancouver, B. C. HOWARD Uancouvcr City Iron UJorK$ j J Engineers, Iron Founders, Pattern Makers, Blacksmiths, Boiler Makers, Etc. Manufacturers of Marine, Stationary and Hoisting Engines, Marine, Saw Mill and Mining Machinery and Architectural Work of all kinds Kll Wr'/M At present we are unable to fully meet the requirements of the trade in our overcrowded works, but we now have in course of construction, in the East End of the City, an entirely new plant, Foundry (already in operation), Machine Shop, Pipe Shop, Boiler Shop and Blacksmith Shop, which, when completed, will give us excellent facilities— second to none in the Province—of handling all kinds of work intrusted tons. We also carry in stock Cold Rolled Steel Shafting, Bar Steel, Sheet Steel, Cap Screws, Set Screws, Planer Bolts, Coupling Bolts and Finished Nuts, Brass Spring Wire, Tubing WM4 and Sheet Brass. If in need of anything in our line call or write for prices. Repair Work Promptly Attended to and Satisfaction Guaranteed. City Works! 525, 527, 529 Carrall Street, \# A KIPDIIWCD E3 /"^ East End Works: Foot of Woodland Drive, bet. Railroad and Water Front, V ANuUU 1 Lilf EZ>. VS< r™ THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! GOAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining & Land Co, (FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY.) Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Vfr VU U> w w NANAIMO COAL (Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. UTHFIELO COAL Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal House and Steam Coal), are Mined by this Company Exclusively. Ufr * lfc- VU \to THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL *s used bv au" leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favourite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes" a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Special despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. »8» *§• »f» SAMUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. _ ;.%^pESSOR . TO HE EDWARD PALLlS Co!K*FRASER & CHAl^pM*. GATEs| IRON WORKS. DICKSON M FG. CO. Milwaukee's. 7?- Chicago,,Hl^A t#S|- • Chicago. nL^Sp Scranton.Pa. MANUFACTURER OF Mining Machinery Above cut represents our 40 inch by 15 inch Special High Grade Crushing Rolls ot which we built 36 sets for the new 5,000-Ton Concentrating Mill of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. These rolls are designed especially for heavy duty, they are very strong in every detail and provided particularly with very strong steel shafts and extra large bearings, the springs and tension rods are designed for the heavy pressure necessary to satisfactorily crush very hard ores. The contract for these 36 sets of rolls was awarded to us in competition with most patterns in the market, after a thorough investigation by the experts of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. Our assortment of patterns for crushing rolls is very 4arge, of all styles and standard sizes, for coarse and fine, wet and dry crushing. We have special patterns for sectional rolls to be carried on mules. We furnish all shells for our rolls of Midvale "Perfected" Rolled Steel unless otherwise ordered. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. EDWARD P.ALLIS WORKS, Jp^ ILWAUKEE, WIS. GATES WOR^^S, CHICAGO. ILL. %§£ GENERALfOFFICE: CHtCAGgML,: HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. FRASER &CHALMERS WORKS. CHICAGO. ILL. DICKSON WORKSf^l BRANCH NEW YORK: Broad ExchangeBldg DENVER: 1649 Tremont St. LONDON.ENG: 160 DashwoodHouse VI\l 11 msbs^b **»-" - v«»»»- wuuw t-Aviraiigcuiug. . m^*_.i^ t i_,i» • iut» i re mum oi. Luni/uii.yiu' tw uosnwuui ttPPirv*- PITTSBURG:^05 Ger Nat Bank Bldg. SALT LAKE CITY: Dooly Block. MELBOURNE: Australia ICtS. MINNEAPOLIS: 416 Corn Exchange. SPOKANE: 512 First Ave. PERTH: West Australia. THE MINING RECORD. OBiaHBIl Wmmwm$m MANUFACTURER OF Minin Machinery There are reasons why the adjustable and practically indestructible GATES ROCK AND ORE BREAKERS produce crushed material at a much lower cost per ton than other breakers. To more than 5,000 users located in all parts of the world, the cause is readily apparent. Gates Breakers not only have much greater capacity, require less power, run without vibration, stoppage or delay, with less wear on the crushing surfaces and permitting carloads of material to be dumped directly into the hopper of breaker, thus reducing the employment of handling devices and manual labor to the minimum, but other convincing reasons supported by indisputable evidence of the superiority of Gates Breakers are given in Gates Catalogue No. I. Avoid a false start and possibility of failure. There is absolutely no breaker made that will compare with the "Gates." We are prepared to build crushing plants complete, screens and perforated metal of all kinds, elevators, hoists, engines, and boilers. We also build cement machinery of the latest designs. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. mm mm& ssbSsSk gg«H5?fD'<Sply"WoR®^^ §pk' THE MINING RECORD. Lands for Sale parming land. Lumber land. Mir>eral Town and Suburban Lots at Ladysmith Shawnigan Lake and Sooke Lake. For terms and full particulars apply to LAND COMMISSIONER, E.& N. Railway Co., VICTORIA, B.C. ""'' ■' —-• TTT-—Mnn—T THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up,$12,000,000.00. RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. Incorporated by Act of Parliament. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald ; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. | S. CLOUSTON, General Manager. A. Maenider Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. W. S. Clouston Inspector of Branch Returns. Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall,Deseronto,Fort William, Goderich, Guelph, Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth, Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's, Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N. B.; Frederickton, N. B.; Moncton, N. B.: St. John. N. B.; Amherst, N. S.; Halifax, N. S.; Sydney, N. S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg-, Man.; Calgary, Alberta ; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F. W. Taylor Assistant Inspector. JAMES AIRD, Secretary. Montreal—H. V. MEREDITH Manager. BRANCHES IN CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E. C, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States—New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain—London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank, the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—The British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED The Bhnk or British Col-U7wtbih, DBCEAJD OFDFICE: TO-RCXNTO. PAID UP CAPITAL $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2.000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 65,000,000 HON. GEO. A.. COX, president. IB. E. WALKER, General Manager. LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST, E.C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, Fernie. White Horse BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE. MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. PAID UP CAPITAL, ©- ESTABLISHED I836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER I840. £1,000,000 STERLING. RESERVE FUND, LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.- £350,000 STERLING. -o BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA s VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND,. KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields— ATLIN and DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department has been established in connection with the Victoria branch. Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W«- T. OLIVER, MgT., VICTORIA, B. C. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINES. Gold, Silver, Lead and Copper Properties. Excellent chance for profitable investments in legitimate mining in British Columbia. Capital needed for developing promising prospects. A specialty made ot tree milling gold properties. Very promising free-milling gold properties for sale—terms reasonable. Mines examined and reported on by reliable mining engineers. Correspondence solicited. Address wi-Zn^^i-nSr&v&iS ANDREW F. ROSENBERGER P. O. Be Nelson B. C. E. O. B. BAGSHAWE, REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % H Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Helga G-old and Copper Mining Co'y. . Mines situated in Vancouver, B. C, District. PAR VALUE, $1.00. 75 Sullivan Building. J. A. FREEMAN, Secretary CAPITAL, $1,000,000. Offi V. R. PIERSON, President. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. G. TflE MINING &ECOB,£>. INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND MINES. ROYAL BELGIAN CONSULATE. ROYAL SWEDISH & NORWEGIAN CONSULATE. Robt. Ward &, Co., Ltd Temple Building, "VICTORIA, B. C. Metropolitan Building, VANCOUVER, B. C. 70 Basinghall Street, LONDON, E. C. Shipping,* Insurance £!£ Financial Agents Commission Merchants and Importers GENERAL AGENTS for The Royal Insurance Co. The London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Co. The Northern Assurance Co. The Standard Life Assurance Co. The London and Provincial Marine and General Insurance Co., Ltd. The Western Assurance Co. (Marine.) The London Assurance Corporation (Marine.) La Foncier Campagnie d'Assurances. Swiss Marine Insurance Companies (Combined.) Ocean Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., of London. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Ins. Co. SOLE AGENTS for Curtis' & Harvey's Sporting and Blasting Powder and "Amberite" (Smokeless Powder.) CANNERY AGENCIES—Ewen & Co.—Lion and Bonnie Dundee Brands. Bon Accord Fishery Co.—Consul and Bon Accord Brands. Canadian Pacific Packing Co.—Flagship Brand. Imperial Cannery. Managing Agents for The British Columbia Corporation, Limited. Mortgages, Debentures, Trusts. Estates Managed and Rents Collected. Importers of Oilmen's Stores, Tin Plates, Portland Cement, Pig Iron and General Merchandise. Managing Agents for the Moodyville Sawmills. Charters Effected and Indents Executed for every Description of British and Foreign Merchandise. Tug Boat Agents. =Sole Agents in British Columbia for Wi I kins' Wire Rope.= A. W. MORE & CO., Ltd. FOR SALE B. C. Mines and Mining Shares, Farms and Farming Lands. Victoria City Buildigs and Lots. We receive daily by wire the quotations and sales of the Mining Exchanges of Toronto and Rossland. 86 Government Street, VICTORIA, B. C. R. 7VY/\YINARD Importer and Dealer in all Kinds of AGENT FOR Imperial, Cramer and Hammer PLATES, Artists' Platino, Solio, Kloro, Velox and Dekko Papers. Photographic Supplies ALSO Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos, &c. USE OF DARK ROOM FREE TO AMATEURS. 41 Pandora Street, VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS. Interior View of Messrs. Ceo, E. Trorey's Jewelry Store, Corner of Cranville and Hastings Streets, Vancouver, B. C. Purchasers of Gold Dust There is no finer Jewelry Store in Canada. None with a finer stock of goods. We will match prices with prices, and goods with goods with any other house in the trade. I. fill Jeweler, Diamond Merchant and Dealer in Art Wares Ld. British Columbia Pottery Co., VICTORIA, B. C MANUFACTURERS OF VITRIFIED SALT GLAZED SEWER PIPES, AH kinds of Sanitary Fitting's, Agricultural Drain Tile, Flower Pots, Terra Cotta, Chimney Pipe and Flue Lining', Chimney Tops, Fire Bricks, Fire Clay. All kinds of Fire Clay -Goods, Assayers' furnaces, Etc., made to order. ORNAMENTAL GARDEN BORDER TILES, VASES, ETC. Cement, Plaster of Paris, Lime, and all kinds of Ornamental Plaster work. W. D. HAYWOOD A. PRESCOTT Commercial Rotel new Modern and Strictly first-class Comer Bastings and Cambie Streets Headquarters for miners. Good Sample Rooms. Free Bus. Uancower, B. fr RAXES: £2.00 AND UPWARDS wwwwvwwwyvwwwyww Kelly, Douglas & Co. Olbolesale Grocers and tea merchants Havana Cigars a Specialty. Vancouver, B. G. wmmmmwmmm THE BRACKMAN & KER MILLING CO., Ltd. VIOTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, sa***^ THE MINING RECORD. WHOLESALE AND COMMERCIAL HOUSES. Manufacturers of the Celebrated ROLLED OATS (registered.) I 00O0 00O0 0000 300O UNEQUALLED IN THE WORLD. FACILITIES UNEQUALLED FOR SUPPLYING THE WEST WITH THE BEST QUALITY OE IHAY OR MILL D VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, NEW WESTMINSTER, STRATHCONA. ELEVATORS AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS ON THE C. & E. RAILWAY. ESTABLISHED 1863 *&> BEETON & CO VICTORIA and LONDON, Importers of All Descriptions of DRY GOOD© AND MINERS' SUPPLIES AND THE FINEST BRANDS OF Champagne, Port, Sherry, Claret and Other Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Sole Agents for Robt. Brown & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, celebrated Four Crown Scotch, the finest whiskey on the market. Sole Agents for Corby & Co's Belleville Canadian whiskey. Agents Cariboo Gold Fields Co., Ltd., London and Barkerville. Agents Inverness, Balmoral, Fisherman & London Salmon Canneries. Sole Agent for Jonn Player & Sons, Ld., Navy Cut Tobacco and Cigarettes. TERRITORY! Winnipeg City) Manitoba, West of Winnipeg) The Northwest Territories) British Columbia) Alaska ) Washington ) Oregon and California. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESSES: Turner, Victoria ; Beeton, London; Turbeet, "Vancouver and Nelson. THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. The Mining and Commercial Centre for the zvhole Similkameen; SIMILKAMEEN CITY Situated in Camp Hedley, close to the Nickel Plate, Kingston, Sunset and Pollock Groups of Mines, and Stirling Creek Copper Camp. Town Lots on t^e IVjarket at a very Low Figure wtycli will shortly rise 50 per cent. PRICES : $75 to $150. In three payments: one-thjrd cash; one-thjrd in three n^ontr\s; oqe- third in, six months. This townsite is located in the Similkameen Valley, half way between Keremeos and Princeton, on the main government wagon road, which forms the main street. Its geographical position is a natural one, comprising several large flats, which extend from the base of the mountains in a fan-shaped area on a gentle slope of the Similkameen river. It is protected from all opposition, by a large Indian reservation on the east and southeast, which extends over seven miles alone the Similka- meen valley in Camp Hedley. The Townsite Company own all the adjoining land on the west, besides large timber limits for building purposes, which is the only available timber in Camp Hedley for saw-mills. Already a large number of lots have been sold, on which the purchasers intend t0 erect buildings. The townsite is all cleared and ready for building purposes, being surveyed off into lots, and blocks on modern principals, and Crown granted, the main street being 90 feet wide. The townsite is situated on the location line of the V. V. & E., Columbia & Western, and the Coast-Kootenay Railways, in fact all roads, railroads, telegraph and telephone lines have to go through it, as it is the only available pass from the interior to the coast, which in view of the enormous mineral wealth surrounding it, is in itself a sufficient guarantee of its future prosperity. Camp Hedley and the surrounding mining camps, are considered by mining engineers of repute, to embrace the richest mining section in the Province, and Similkameen City is therefore the mining and commercial centre of this important part of British Columbia. Now is the Time to Buy Town Lots, they will Never be as Cheap Again. This is an Investment and no Speculation. For further particulars apply to FRANK Bailey, gen'l mgr., Greenwood, Fairview and Similkameen City. Head Office: 4 Wallace-Miller Block, Greenwood. H. M. Kbefbr, general agent. Other agencies at Rossland, Nelson, Victoria, Vancouver, and all Boundary towns, as well as at Toronto, Ont., Spokane Wash., and other important cities. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS. JAMES RAE, wonder where to go for the best Suits, Hats and... Men's Furnishings. Don't Go. COME. Our windows are like a panorama I We have 100 feet frontage right in the heart of Vancouver I Our goods do not fear the sunlight! A. E. LEES &C0. FLACK BLOCK. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in RELIABLE x FOOTWEAR Sole Agent for " HTJ-MAN-IC" $5.50 Shoes for Men. Agent for "SLATER'S" $4.00, $4.50 and $5.50 Gentlemen's Shoes. Exclusive Agents for Thos. G. Plant's Famous $3.75 "Queen Quality" Shoes for Women. Direct Importer of "R. & J. Dick's Waterproof Footwear." These goods are manufactured in Glasgow, Scotland, and are absolutely the best wearing goods made. $4.00, $5.00 and $6.00 per pair. We pay special attention to mail orders, shipping immediately on receipt, and endeavoring to select exactly what the customer desires. WRITE \JS FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. RETAIL STORES : 108 Cordova St. and 534 Hastings St. VANCOUVER, B. C. We Want You to be Loyal TO YOUR HOME INSTITUTIONS. = BUT when vou cannot buy satisfactorily in your own town we ask that your patronage be given to a B. C. store, and the best store in B. C. is ours. We carry the best and largest stock of FlflE DRY COODS this side the Rockies—trade with us—and save time and money. All correspondence, no matter in what connection with our business,—whether for samples, prices, questions as to styles, etc ,—receives our best attention, which means thai all enquiries and all orders are comprehensively considered, and that every point our correspondent has in view is answered in a manner that leaves nothing to be desired. Each letter receives the most analytical attention, and its answer is aimed to give the correspondent the same satisfaction he or she would receive in a personal conversation. SATISFACTION is our watchword, and if you do not get it, ask for your money back and we will hand it to you most willingly. TO Writs for our Catalogue, it's free, DRYSDALE'S 170 Cordova Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. Quosnel Mouth The Central Trading and Distributing Depot to all points In the Cariboo District The undersigned carry at all seasons of the year a large and well selected stock of Groceries, Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Hardware, M iners' Su pplies, Flour, Hay, Grain, Rough and Dressed Lumber and Shingles at Lowest Rates Storage and Forwarding to all points East, West, North an i South. J A R D THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. ©O0©0 0OOO0 ©0000 O0O0© 00OO0 O0O00 ©O000 00000 MOUNT SICKER O0OO0 0O0O0 ©000© 0©0O© O00O0 00QQ0 0©O©0 00QO0 BRITISH COLUMBIA. LOTS FOR SALE: Corner Lots, $125.00; Inside Lots, $100.00, Terms : One-third Cash ; balance in 3 and 6 months, without interest. Ill APPLY TO- I 1 Mggrjegor. block:, victoria. HOTEL MT. SICKER IV! 1CKER, B. G. nnO reach, the Mt. Sicker Mining Camp from which the Lenora mine has shipped already 25,000 tons, take the H. & N. Railway to Mt. Sicker Siding, then by the Lenora-Mt. Sicker Railway to the Lenora mine. The scenery on the mountain railway is unsurpassed, the railway is built along the Chemainus Canon and rises 1,400 feet in six miles. A magnificent view of the Straits of Georgia is obtained from the mountain section of the railway. The Railway is being extended to Osborne Bay, at which point work has commenced on a smelter which will not only contain a blast furnace with about 400 tons daily capacity but also converters so that pig copper will be shipped. THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. ITY RITISH CGLUriBIA. Situated on 20-mile creek, Similkameen river. (Owned by the Hedley City Syndicate.) Nickle Plate Mountain is the most talked about mineral section of British Columbia to-day, and hundreds of people all over the northwest are preparing to go there at an early date. On this mountain lies the famous Nickel Plate mines, which many mining men consider the greatest prospective mining property in Canada; here also lies the great Kingston Warhorse, Rollo Banner arid other noted properties with wonderful large, rich bodies of ore. Thousands of dollars will be expended in their development during the coming summer. At the base of this mountain and close to all the noted mines lies the townsite of Hedley City. This town is the only supply point for the mines of this district. The government is building roads to the townsite. Trails to the mines are being built rapidly and a large force of men are being employed. The new railroad down the Similkameen will be built to Hedley City at an early date and in a very short time this place will present a scene of activity seldom witnessed. Many predict it will be the greatest mining camp in the northwest Lots are expected to sell at very high figures within a few months. It is but a short time ago that lots in Rossland, Greenwood, Nelson, Phoenix and Sandon, which are now worth thousands of dollars, were selling at the same prices as are now being asked for lots in Hedley City, and the same thing is certain to be repeated at this place. Until the first day of May lots will be sold at from $100 to $150, on easy terms. After that date the prices will be more than doubled. Lots are selling very rapidly. Intending purchasers should make immediate application in order to secure the most desirable locations. We have made a personal examination of the property and can assist purchasers in their selection. Maps of the surrounding country, plan of townsite, location of mines, samples of ore, etc., may be seen at this office. R H. PARKINSON, - Manager and Trustee. FAIRVIEW, B. C. For Terms and Prices address: R. H. Parkinson, general manager and trustee, Fairview, B. C." E Bullock- Webster, agent, Keremeos; J. H. Yates, Spokane, Wash, U.S.A.; G. Alers-Hankey, Vernon; Oliver Fetherston- haugh, Hedley City. THE MINING RECORD. INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE, MINES, ETC. Cable Address, " BOAK.' A. A. BOAK 6c CO., L Established in 1888. IMITED, REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS F>. O. DRAWER 7S5- VANCOUVER B. C. We make a Specialty of Managing Properties and Estates for Non-Residents. We represent the following old and reliable Insurance and Loan Companies:—The Caledonian Fi The London Guarantee and Accident Co., of London, Eng.; The Canada Accident Assurance Co. ; The St Insurance Co. of New York; The Provincial Building & Loan Association of Toronto. REFERENCES: The Bank of British North America, Vancouver, B.C. re Insurance Co. of Edinburgh ; The Manchester Insurance Co. ; Standard Life Assurance Co. of Edinbnrgh ; The Lloyds Plate Glass CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Yorkshire Guarantee & Securities Corp., Limited, HUDDERSFIELD, ENGLAND, VANCOUVER, B. C. Jf\H\ m ^ CHILLIWACK, B. C. ©(§ LOANS © Ii MORTGAGES ©g Send for Complete Price List REAL ESTATE—Improved and Vacant, City and Suburban, For Sale, Also FARM LANDS for Sale throughout British Columbia. General Manager in British Columbia : R. KERR HOULGATE, Vancouver, B.C. First and Paramount—Absolute Security to Policy Holders." SLIM PERI AL LIFE ASSURoA,N^E^AMPANY ti&adL Office: Toronto, Ontario. Has the largest Dominion Government deposit of the Canadian Life Companies. Maintains the strongest reserves of the Canadian Companies. Has $100 of securely invested assets for every $100 of liabilities to policy holders. Issues a most simple and liberal policy and free from ambiguities. THE HON. SIR OLIVER MOWAT, P.C., G.C.M.G., President. FRED'* G. COX, Managing Director THOS. BRADSHAW, Secretary and Actuary. JOHN W. W. STEWART, Provincial Manager, - - VANCOUVER, B. C. IT IS 3STO GOOD Advertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EriPLOY AN UP=TO=DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, " British and Canadian Press Bureau," 24 Coleman St., London, E.G. THE MINING RECORD. F S. BARNARD, PRESIDENT. J. ROSTEIN, SECRETARY.- iriGTO^ip TI^INSFEI^ (SOMPJINY, Lld incorporated by special act of Parliament, 1883. TELEPHONE 129. 19, 21 & 23 BROUGHTON STREET, IiIl/EI^V jflND HJIGK STJIBIiKS, ^n^ "ITIGTOI^Ift, B. C. I B.C. SADDLERY CO. Ld. ^ A. E. Wadk, . . Manager. 3 VICTORIA, B.C. Leather, Harness, Saddles Trunks, Valises, Satchels, etc. '^mg^" 44- Yates St., Victoria, B.C. P. O. Box 151. D Company, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C. K. B. McLENNAN, Manager. F. C TINGLEY, Secretary. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Prirting Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. SEND FOR SAMPLE".. W. H. LEGO, MANAGER. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES, ETC. r We ®off6ur Xat m BY MAIL, SIR! Sir,—We request the pleasure of your company, either in person or by mail. A postal request and we are at your seruice. Will you call, or 1^^^^^^^^_|^^^,^0 ^ joosto/ request and we are at your seruice. Will you call, or l ^^S^%§Q^p3|^^Sl£5^ shall we ? Write for samples, giving price you want to pay. We will send samples and "self- I | measuring blanks, and will deliver the best made to order garment in Canada. | We employ the best help, and when completed they are the best that money can buy or skill can produce. Price, $15.00 to $30.00, Suit or Overcoat. MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT fflf- jffe'form TaiYortf, VANCOUVER, B. C. I 333 HASTINGS STREET, THE WE8T8IDE Victoria's Best Dry Goods Store. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. Mailed Free all over the world, containing over ioo pages and 650 illustrations. The Westside have the Best Equipped Mail Order service in the West. Li st of Departments : Mantles. Costumes; Millinery. Whitewear. Corsets. Blouses Waterproofs. Skirts. Wrappers Dress Goods. Silks. Linens. Laces. Gloves. Notions. House Furnishings. Men's Furnishings. Boys' CI01 The Hutcheson Co., Ltd., Mla.il Order Address: 60 Government St., VICTORIA, B.C. THOS. C. MORGAN, Importing Tailor, INVITES YOU TO EXAMINE HIS STOCK OF IMPORTED WOOLLENS FOR THIS SEASON. 634 Granville St. VANCOUVER, B. G. THE MINING RECORD. HOTELS, AMUSEMENTS, ETC. Stock Certificates and flining- Stationery of an kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our DtlSlllCSS THE COLONIST P. & P. CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. Rates on American Plany $1.50 Per Day tip. Rates on European Plan, Room from 50c. afi. Balmoral Hotel Remodelled Throughout. ' MRS. M. J. G. WHITE, Proprietress. Opposite Theatre Block, Cor. Fort and Douglas Sis. J/tCtortCly B. C, AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN. A Home for Tourists and Commercial Travelers. Steam Heated Throughout Sample Rooms. Hotel Victoria E. E. LEASON, Prof,. AMERICAN PLAN, $2.00 per DA Y and UPWARDS. First-class in Every Respect. Victoria, B. C. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREEN"WOOD, B. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regu-ar.y Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. Gordon^ H. Hardie Nicholas Thompson. HARDIE & THOMPSON, Marine and General Consulting Mechanical Engineers. 520 Cordova Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. Telegrams, "Gardie." Telephone 767. Plans, Specifications, Estimates, Working" Drawings, Surveys and Reports. Also contracts taken for Supply, Erection, Supervision, or Repairs and Alterations to all classes of Machinery. Patentees and designers of the Hardie-Thompson Water Tube Boiler, New High-Speed Reversing Engines, and Special Machinery in Light Sections for Mines. Engines indicated and adjusted. Sole Agent In B. C. and N. W. Territories for the United Flexible Metallic Tubing Co.. Ltd., London, Eng. Stock carried. Unequalled for Conveyance of Steam Air, Oils and Gas. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, '95, '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. b«a„ch: I VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. Opposite the C. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men. Crand Pacific Hotel, P. A. BARNHART, Proprietor. ||| KAMLOOPS, B. C WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Hotel Vernon, Thoroughly Commercial. 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Hotel Dallas, VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for igoi under same management. DOMINION HOTEL, VICTOEIA, B. C. MFW AMR MfinFRM Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths, H£l¥ nnv mUULnn. Electric Lighted, Return CallBellsand first-class service. American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European. Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a day. Zhe Stiver Ifcing Ibotel, BAKER ST., NELSON, B. C. ILL THE MTN1NG RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS. Nanaimo Saw Mill and Sash and Door Factory, OFFICE: MILL STREET, NANAIMO, B. O. A~ HZ^SL^ZMI, PeopeibtoeJ Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings 1 tuning, bcroU Sawmg, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, White Pine, Redwood, &c Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. To NORTHERN MINES! The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd. DISPATCH REGULAR STEAMERS AS FOLLOWS, VIZ. FOR SKAGWAY DIRECT, December ioth and 25th, at 11 p.m. FOR NORTHERN B. C. POINTS, 1st and 15th day of month at 11 p.m. FOR WEST COAST POINTS, ist' Ioth and 2°th of each Month at 11 o'clock, P. M. Layritz Nursery Victoria, B.C. Headquarters for Choice Nursery Stock. Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Small Fruit. Roses, Evergreens, etc., etc. Largest and best assorted stock in the country. Plants carefully packed for shipment to the Interior. Catalogue and Price List on Application. JAS. LEIGH & SONS Manufacturers and Dealers In All Kinds of But and Dressed IB Lath, Shingles, Sash, Doors, Mouldings, Mantels, Show Cases, Desks and Office Fittings, Turning and Band Sawing, &c. Factory at Point Ellice, VICTORIA, B. C. The Paterson Shoe Coy, Ltd VICTORIA. VANCOUVER. NANAIMO. Direct importers of Boots and Shoes, Rubber Boots, etc. We are the largest dealers in the Dominion doing business direct with the public and carry, in all our stores, a complete stock of High Grade Staple and Fine Boots and Shoes, Rubbers, Rubber Boots, etc., imported direct from leading Canadian, American and English manufacturers. We are Sole Agents for English " K" Boots, also Hanan & Son, and Geo. E. Keith Co. high grade American Shoes. Special attention given to Miners' Footwear. Write for Illustrated Catalogue, Free. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. The Paterson Shoe Co., Ltd., VICTORIA, B. C. Branches : Vancouver and Nanaimo. akMuoaE. City of Victoria VICTORIA, the Capital of (British Columbia, and the Queen City of the West, with a population of some 30,000, is conveniently situated in a position of general commercial advantage, on the southeastern extremity of Vancouver Island. It is the leading mining centre of the Pacific Coast, the place where mining properties are bought and sold, and from which, they are operated and supplied, from Dawson City to the.boundary line.. Mining on Vancouver Island, in the districts contributory or adjacent to the City of Victoria, has during the past year made great forward strides—so much ' so, indeed, that a syndicate of expert copper metallurgists of that great copper centre, Butte, Montana, having become favourably Impressed with tbe situation and prospects, that, under their auspices, a smelter of 400 tons daily capacity to treat Vancouver Island ores is to be immediately set up at Osborne Bay. while works of a similar character are also in contemplation at Ladysmith, including converters for the production of blister copper, and with both of which points Victoria is in intimate commercial relations. It may be said that the mineral resources of Vancouver Island are practically inexhaustible, and are only now beginning to be realized. On the West Coast the Hayes mine, Monitor group, Seattle mine, Thistle, Marshall mines (Sydney Inlet). Dewdney Syndicate property, and the Newton Iron mines of San Juan, all on the West Coast, are now showing to the mining world that a rich field for the profitable Investment of capital lies open to them, and that the City of Victoria possesses all the necessary banking, commercial and residential requirements for assisting in the development and exploitation of these rich and varied natural resources. Victoria is the METROPOLIS OF WESTERN CANADA, the natural gateway of the overland and trans-Pacific trade, and ranks already in. importance as the third port of shipping In the Dominion. It is DIRECTLY CONNECTED with the terminal points of the great transcontinental • railways, and will be Itself, within a very short period, the terminus of the Great Northern Railway. Its connecting link with the Mainland will be the Victoria & Sidney Railway and a first-class railway ferry service, over which passenger and freight trains from the East will be conveyed into the heart of the City. It is expected that, by means of this link, trains of no less than three transcontinental lines will, in the near future, deliver their passengers and freight directly into Victoria. There is a dally service on good steamers with the City of Vancouver, B. C, and twice dally with Seattle, Wash., while the Pacific Coast Steamship Company's palatial vessels run to San Francisco every five days. Several other lines of steamers connect the City with the East and West Coasts of Vancouver Island, the Islands of the Gulf, Port Angeles, Wash., Skagway and intermediate points. It is joined to the great COAL MINING AREAS of Nanaimo and Wellington by the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway, which traverses the greater part of the East Coast of Vancouver Island. This railway is projected to extend to Hardy Bay, at the northern end of the Island, within a few months, and thereby, tap the extensive coal measures of Comox an'd form a through highway for the enormous traffic to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and Northern Pacific ports. It possesses a CLIMATE as temperate as that of the south of England, flowers blooming In the gardens nearly all winter. Extremes of heat and cold are almost entirely unknown. Its atmosphere Is laden, with invigorating ozone from the sea. The death rate is only ten in every thousand. Ague and malaria are here unknown. Its SCENIC ENVIRONMENT is unsurpassed. The landscape is clothed in a mantle of perennial green; Fronting the harbor, and out from the blue waters ofi the Straits of Juan de Fuca. the massive forms of the Olympian mountain range lift their hoary heads to the sky. To the west and north a panoramas of cultivated fields, winding streams, .placid lakes, wooded hills, and land-locked arms of the sea present a picture upon which the eye delights to dwell. MAGNIFICENT DRIVES lead out from the Oity in every direction, here skirting the sea front for miles, there passing through peaceful rural valleys', or, rising to the summit of some oak-crowned hill, from which the tourist or cyclist may scan the country for miles and view the combined effect of mountain and dale, hamlet, city and sea. Surr6unding the City is AN EXTENSIVE DISTRICT ABOUNDING IN GAME of all kinds—deer, pheasant, grouse, quail and larger game—and affording innumerable opportunities for fishing and boating and other delights for the sportsman. Electric cars run to Esquimalt, three miles distant, where the station of the North Pacific Squadron of H. M. Navy and naval stores are located, and also to Oak Bay and- other suburban resorts which are famed for their picturesque beauty. Within the City itself, how varied are the attractions there presented ! A perfect system of sewerage is in operation, and a number of the streets are paved. The waterworks, electric ear, electric light. . and gas, telephone and telegraph systems are as complete as In any modern up-to- <late city. Special mention must be made of the MANY FINE PUBLIC BUILDINGS, commercial blocks and private residences and grounds with which the City is adorned. The Post Office, Law Courts, Public Schools and Church edifices would do credit to cities ten times its size, while the splendid pile of Parliament Buildings. James Bay, are not surpassed on the continent of America in architectural perfection and interior finish and appointment, and are the wonder and admiration of everyone who has visited them. A first-class system of free-school education, including a department for manual training, is In operation, upon which upwards of $60,000 is spent annually, and about 3,000 pupils are taught by thoroughly qualified teachers. The fact that the City is THE SEAT OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT AND OF THE SUPREME COURT, AND THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE OF THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR imparts an eclat to prominent social functions, which is usually heightened as well by the pres-. ence of the Admiral and the Officers of H. M. Navy and Royal Canadian Militia. One of the chief glories of the City is its beautiful BEACON HILL PARK and recreation grounds, where, to the Incomparable site that nature has provided, the ^skill of man • has added a wealth of arboreal, floral and other artistic embellishments. Space will not admit of even a passing reference to the City's many first-class HOTELS, in which excellent accommodation and service may be had at reasonable rates, from $1 to $4 per day ; to the inviting beauties of Victoria Arm, the favorite resort for boating and picnic parties and regattas, with Its handsome suburban rest* dences and margin of evergreen foliage, and Its far-famed " Gorge " ; nor to the Provincial Museum, the Agricultural and Athletic-Association buildings, grounds and tracks, golf links, and other points and items of interest. The pro'ducts of its INDUSTRIES, which are growing apace In number and importance, have taken high rank many times in the International Exhibitions of the world.- Immense stocks are carried by the mer-. chants doing business here, who supply about three-fourths of the outfits and goods shipped into the Yukon and other Northern territories, without duty, as there Is no duty to pay upon goods .ordered here. All enquiries addressed to The Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C, will receive prompt attention. The Hudson's Bay Company :HRUE: GKEILSnEJR^L STORES 7Z t — Baie de Peres Battleford Calgary Chapleau Dauphin Delokaine Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lethbridge Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury Touchwood Hills Vancouver Victoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find at these Stores the best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the world. FELTEN & GDILLEADME, Carter*, Actien Gesellschaft. Mulheim on Rhine Cores without Diamonds. Till! Canadian Rand Drill Co. Rossland, B. C. Greenwood, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding- fire-damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened- Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superior qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA: WATSON JACK & CO. montreaU EVERY BELT GUARANTEED GENUINE OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTING For Exposed Situations Use "Lancashire" Hair Belting. CATA.LOCUE AND DISCOUNTS ON A.PPLICAJION. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. —-r^ >*»»»»&»W»M*»»JmU Tthe WM.HAM1IIT0M MANUFACTUI mm Manui irEBS of i»8 AGENCIES* ■wlFRTRAM & S0NS» Jg ^ or DUN DAS. MANflgACTURERS OF I RON-WORK ING MACHINERY, ETC. ItBEATTY 8, SONS, , of WELLAND) MANUFACTURERS OF HOISTfNfc PLANT, ETcJl jf R.H0E a C? of NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF HOE'S FAMOUS INSERTED-TOOTH SAW. BRANCH OFFICE: Ba Mackinnon Block, Granville S! VANCOUVER, B.C. WORKS: PETERBORO. OUT. TY w : — This Month: | The Mining Industry in Cariboo District, B. § etc." (ILLUSTRATED). VOL. IX. FEBRUARY, 1902. No. 2. The HintonIElectric Company, Electric Motors. Blowers. Motors. Fans. Dynamos. Electric Mining Apparatus. VICTORIA, B. C. LIIMIITIEID. Electrical Construction | .,: and Supplies;*! VANCOUVER, B.C. "Not an Experiment; In General Use Throughout the World." Z^LNew Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill V wM Operated by OflE man will perform work of THREE men drilling with bits and hammers. MA^DE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. i<ks\% Extensively used in United States. Testimonials show this drill has in many [%M instances reduced the cost;.of mining by one half;^. Easier to operate than to drill by bit and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY MONTH and testimonials/*^^! Write for catalogue H. D. CRIPPEN, 52 Broadway, NEW YORK. SOLE IB^^ISTTXIF^OTTXiRIEIR. THE COPPER KING, LIMITED. If THE PACIFIC COAST SMELTING & REFINING WORKS, Purchasers, Samplers and Smelters of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, and Furnace Products. WORKS:*Seal Bluff Landing, Cal. MINES: Fresno County, Cal. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to 11 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. PRICE, 20 CENTS. !-wms?1v»*: *f IF YOU ARE BUILDINgIa HOUSeH \IOf We .<Jftwry in Stock the Largest Assortment \|/ ^V. in Canada of v|jj ifc kli?A NI^E" I C in Oak, maple, cherry, Birch, W ga IVIMP CUO WHITE AND TILE. VAV 1 to to to to to FIRE PLACE GRATES to in any finish or style. For Floors, hearths, Til IMO FoB Floors, hearths, \ff I ll—lrM\a bathrooms, Ac, 4.C. ^|| Brass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. P A R QU E#|'FLOO R ING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. . . . LIMITED, .**tBJjj WHOLESALE HARDWARE, DAWSON, Y. T.SR mV/VNCOUVER, B. c. THE (1 D II ■SK* Witlr^our Itnfarff^ nor and Safety .Device, new pattern gab rod and hook, and other^pecial features of our design of this type of engine, will commend thetn- selves^p^&^S requiring Durability, Economy and Ease of Handling In this|i*ij|§0t^al item of a sjeam-power plant. £|?mplete Ste^m-power Plants designed, bui||j and installed for operation7jp}ur figursslare at^jyour service, and wq&nk. you wffl find them reasonable. Send fofiTcatalogues of anything in the mining raai chinerylfri^TFree on request. TF^IENCKES MACHINE :|p|jj SHERBROqJjj&E, QUE. ife&liand, CreenwoSiTi^^ Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. FRIED |RUI|BiR%OMWEr\K Madgeburg-Buckau (Germany.) ' liMININCMAiHIlNiM ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of especially strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet jft^riishing—metre than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of l&tjtrupp's Special StetVEfc AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rlo's'^Old Amalgamators, Settlers,&c. SEPARATION ^ §6nCENTRATION: Separators, Exhaustors, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, • Jiggers, Rarafing Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT. (a) For Treating by the'JNet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and Concentration. (b) For Dry Teating by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. GOAL WAS^INC PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. KG E NTS: "jjffi"CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke & Co^S5 St. Francois Kavier Street, Montreal. For the UNITED STATES&Thos. Prosser & Son, 15 Gold Street, New York. For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, /fpartado 549, Mexico. For SOUTH AFRICA—Uni$d Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S.A.R. m THE MINING RECORD. C. M. PINCKARD, President ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager' VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULOAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) SAW-MILL IVIAGHINERY. MINING i AflD MILLING IVIAGHINERY. 'Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. S-A_IN~ Jb'Jb£>^k_IN"OISOO Q A T. The Only Dredging Chain with Grit-Proof Articulations Elevator Dredges for Placer Mining. Link-Belt -Machinery Co., Chicago, u. s. a. W4 1 <nj ffcjff IjBifBl " ^ ^ ' •-Q- ■■' m ffflflP &f|iPi m Ec fl ffjMfea&JIB 7"' SKaS^SS P.T [r 00 ^» ™ V %> -;|.lJsed on Dredges >" Combine great capacity with simplicity and durability. Send for New Illustrated Catalogue. ROBINS CONVEYING BELT CO., 18-21 Park Row flew Yorl\. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Before buying rails elsewhere get our quotations on 8, 12, i6-lb. and larger rails in car-load and less than car-load lots. The Vancouver Engineering Works. Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Boilermakers. Successors to-ARMSTRONG & MORRISON, Office and Works : VANCOUVER, B. C. The Hall id ie Ropeway FOR TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH,.SUGAR CANE, ETC., BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical, «-Av> Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically. WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CARLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. MH&~ Estimates furnished. Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents^Nos. 483,443 j 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal Canton Steel Co. Works: CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse : DENVER, Colorado, STEEL For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequalled for toughness and rock-cutting quailties. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL. The Dominion Wire Rope Co., MONTREAL, CHNHDH, MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. Ltd "Lang's'' Patent Wire Ropes for Colliery and General Mining Purposes. Branches :—Halifax, N. S.; St. John, N.B.;] Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver B C Nelson and .Rossland, B. C. ' ' '' THE MINING RECORD. ■-rirwyfa GENERATORS AND MOTORS. Heavy Duty, First Motion CORLISS HOISTING MACHINERY. uu»m»»,mma»M Plants of the type illustrated herewith, have recently "been placed on the following well-known Cripple Creek properties: A J AX, ELKTOlf, GOLD COIN, PORTLAND, STRONG, STRATTON'S INDEPENDENCE and • VINDICATOR. Hendrie & Bolthoff M'f g and Supply Oo'y, DENVER, COLO., U S. A. The SMITH VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam,, Power aqd Electrical PU M PS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water-wheels, Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address The STILWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., L6hm9an st., dayton, omo, u.s.a. PLATINUM REFINERS BAKER 5t CO. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Jfos. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, Sf\N FRANCISCO, CAL MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN- Hydraulic and Quartz fining and filling Machinery, COMPRISING- New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET. NEWARK, N. J. HYDRAULIC GIANTS, WATER GATES, SHEET IRON and STEEL PIPE, STAMP MILLS, ORE CRUSHERS, ORE FEEDERS, CONCENTRATORS, SMELTERS, HOISTING and PUMPING PLANTS, SAW MILLS, MINE and MILL SUPPLIES, &C, &C. Catalogues and Prices Furnished upon application. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. WW> V^wSwS.W VJWvWWv1^ (INOOEPORATED 1861,1 Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc. ••"• •."• •:• HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. yiCTORIH. LOCAL OFFICES : VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD. N75NHI7VYO. GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager* Rubber Be/ting, Packing and Hose. CRACK PROOF" AND "SNAG PROOF. PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING. 673, 575, 577 & 579 Market St, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. ■yt^^^^^ Canadian ©enerai Electric Co., Ximiteb. flovi WOffl 0)0(0 non 0)0(0 0)0(0 ©0(0 0)0(0 0)0(0 CAPITAL $1,500,000 Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N. S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Tans, ^ ,| Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for !;,/ Lighting and Power and Motors ' rf; for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Miles -BY OUR- C. G. E- =and= Three Phase. Two Phase, Only Authorized Manufacturers and Pealers in Canada for Them. Write Us. Transmission Systems. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: ROSSLAND and VANCOUVER. THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers of The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. INQERSOLL-SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. \ Catalogue and Details on Application to J R- A- c- McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. J <xn*Aiht\i Mine Superintendents and Engineers wil* find it to their interest to refer to us when in need of anything in the Pump line. We manufacture Pumping Machinery of all types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. Cunliffe & IV[cl\!|illan, Agents at Rossland. Vancouver Engineering Works, Agents at Vancouver. THE We also manuiacture the NORTHEY GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is gaining favor all over Canada', where any one of these characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. Jtiruftd' 9S2 Zing si. subway] The Brackman & Ker milling Co., ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated ROLLED OATS. I Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with the Best Quality of - Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. B.*K. Victoria. Nelson. Vancouver. Rossland. New Westminster. Strathcona. (Registered.) Unequalled in the World. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERIGA. ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. PAID UP CAPITAL, £1,000,000 STERLINC. RESERYE FUND, - £350,000 STERLING. LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C. O- —0 BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields —ATLIN and DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department has been established in connection with the Victoria branch. Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, MgC, VICTORIA, B. C. The Mining Record. VOL. IX. FEBRUARY, 1902. NO. 2. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining Interests of The Pa cific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. nORTinER LAflB, Hanaging Editor. Victoria, B. 0., Office: Batik of Montreal Chambers. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E.C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERHS: Canada and the United States, one year - - $2.00 Great Britain and Foreign, one year - - - 2.50 Advertising Rates on Application. Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. C. Reoobd, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. O. PUBLISHERS NOTICE. The public is cautioned against having any dealings with a person calling himself L. T. or H. R. Terry, who is representing himself as an authorised agent of the British Columbia Record, Limited, and in this capacity has recently solicited subscriptions to the British Columbia Mining Record. THE OUTLOOK FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA IN 1902. THE development of a country proceeds in recurrent waves between which there are periods of relaxation, visible enough on the surface of things, although the tide may be making all the time. The waves of development follow upon either the discovery of wealth available without railway facilities, or the building of railways into rich parts of the country, unproductive without them. Thus the first great rush into this Province resulted from the early discoveries of placer gold.. The second followed upon the completion of the Canadian Pacific railway, the third, upon the tapping of the Kootenay country by the Great Northern railway, and the Nelson and Fort Shepard railway, the fourth, upon the construction of the Crow's Nest Pass railway, and the Columbia and Western railway. The fifth has not yet arrived. The third and fourth, however, were so closely connected as almost to be merged into one. The stimulative effect of the one had not ceased before the other began to make its influence felt. Combined they caused no ordinary disturbance. Capital and population poured into the country from the United States, from Eastern Canada and from Great Britain. Unfortunately, as is always the case, a large percentage of the capital so introduced was wasted. It is only just to our own Province to say that this was far more due to the entire lack of discrimination on the part of outsiders who sought sudden enrichment, than to either want of profitable openings in the Province itself, or to wilful deception on the part of our people. But as only philosophers blame themselves, a reaction set in against British Columbia as a field for enterprise and the credit of the country fell, as one undertaking after another showed external evidence of that failure predestined from its inception. In addition to this feature, no new country has been opened up. Here we have the true explanation of the complaints which have had frequent expression during the last two years. It may be pointed out, however, that these complaints, so far as they have been directed against what may be called the intensive development of the territory already opened, are without reasonable foundation. That, which may be compared to the steady making of the tide, has been going on in a most satisfactory manner, and is far from showing any evidences of decline. The outlook for the coming year, as restricted to those districts, is not unfavourable from a mining point of view, but possesses elements of uncertainty from a market point of view. The market for silver, lead and copper, is unsatisfactory from the producer's standpoint. The price of silver is unlikely to revive, unless in response to some renewal of demand not yet foreseen. China's imports of silver have decreased during the last year over 40 per cent , and the conditions under which the decrease has taken place have not yet been modified and show no likelihood of change in the immediate future, although it is highly unsafe to predict anything in regard to an Oriental market. The price of silver is not likely to affect its production in British Columbia but only the profits of the producing mines, most of our silver-bearing ores being high grade enough to stand a decline in price. It is bound, however, to affect the investment of capital in the development of new silver mines, and, especially, when coupled with the complete demoralisation of the lead market, will retard the advancement of the country. Our silver-lead mines are at the present time under a maximum of expense, while they are receiving a minimum price for their product. It is quite possible that by reductions in freight, smelting and refining charges, they may, before the end of 1902, be placed in a better position than at present, even if no material change takes place in the prices of these metals. All those interested in the mining industry have been thoroughly awakened to the fact that so 50 THE MINING RECORD. long as it is a mere pendant to the United States, it can never be placed on a solid foundation, and must always be subject to avoidable costs and charges. We may, therefore, look during the coming year, for the establishment of the industry of silver-lead refining, and for other steps to give independence and stability to this most important source of wealth. The main silver-lead producing territory of the Province, the district of East Kootenay, possesses every facility for the cheap production and treatment of silver-lead ores, and a beginning has already been made in rendering these available by the construction of a smelter at Marysville. But whether the industry will be so reorganised during 1902 as to stimulate production to the amount of which that district is capable is somewhat doubtful. The chief progress which will be noticeable in East Kootenay will be the continued development of its coal resources. The productive capacity of the field is still far from being sufficiently developed to supply the market open for its coal and coke. And while the production has shown a great increase during 1901 over 1900, a still greater development may be expected during 1902. With regard to the other silver-lead producing districts, notably the Slocan, there is no reason to expect a decline in production if only for the reason that less favourable conditions than have prevailed during 1901 could not well be imagined. The dry-ore belt on Slocan lake is yearly growing in importance and the outlook for steady progress and development there is very good; while if railway communication into the Lardeau becomes an accomplished fact, this district will immediately occupy an important position as productive of high grade ores. Just how far the copper districts of the Province will be affected by the probably lower price of that metal prevailing, is extremely hard to say. The production of the Hall Mines, at Nelson, will not be affected because comparatively high grade in copper, that of the Trail district is not likely to be seriously affected for precisely the opposite reason, the copper there being a comparatively small proportion to the gold. The Coast mines where a very large increase in output may be expected are sufficiently high grade to stand a lower range of copper prices, but the effect on the largest copper mines in the Province is hard to predict. If copper falls so low that the mines become temporarily unprofitable, then they are likely to be closed down. If, on the contrary, a smaller margin of profit than that at present enjoyed, is still maintained, then production is likely to be pushed to its utmost limit. It may be said that at present, with every indication of lower prices the latter alternative appears to be preferable to the companies owning mines in the Boundary district. On the whole the outlook before copper mining is very favourable and points to a largely increased production during 1902. In the absence of any very remarkable developments during the last year gold mining, that is lode mining, is likely to show simply its usual and steady percentage of growth. But there is every reason to expect that placer and hydraulic mining will show a most gratifying development. On the whole, therefore, a year of steady and material progress in the development of mining districts and resources already opened up may be confidently predicted for the Province of British Columbia. Such development as we have outlined, the steady progress of industries already inaugurated, and of districts already partially opened up, bears such an infinitesimal relation to the vast territories which await railway construction, and to the numerous enterprises and industries which await capital, that there is some reason for saying that the Province is standing still, or even declining, when no new territory is being conquered. Progress is entirely a relative word, and a state of things which would be satisfactory were the limits of the Province the districts of Kootenay and Yale, and a small portion of Vancouver Island is highly unsatisfactory when its territory is considered as a whole. Although there is every indication of a revival of interest in the Cariboo district as a placer mining country during the coming season, due to the discoveries made on the head waters of the Horsefly river, and of a considerable inrush of prospectors into that district, still, the development of new territory throughout the Province awaits the construction of new lines of railway. If one were to cast a forward glance the eventual complete opening up of British Columbia would be sure to depend on the completion of three trunk lines of railway running from east to west with intersecting feeders running from north to south. The development of the wide and certainly rich district of the Similkameen depends on a westerly extension of the Crow's Nest Pass and Columbia and Western railways. The development of the northern area of the Province depends upon the extension of the Canada Northern to tide water on the Pacific ocean. While that of the intervening territory depends upon a system of north and south feeders, one of which will be on the Island of Vancouver, connecting the three main easterly and westerly trunk lines. It is evident, however, that a purview of the effects of such development would carry us far beyond the possibilities of one year. The problem before the Province for the immediate future is entirely whether the wrangling about the best methods of securing these railways will cease within a year, and actual construction begin. If it does, we may reasonably look for a renewed influx of capital and population into the Province to take possession of its great resources. If it does not, then, although there is no question that the progress of the productive parts of the Province will go on, there can be practically no conquest of new territory. It would be a great pity if this were so. Because the times are decidedly propitious for the attraction of a large volume of capital towards British Columbia. The wildcat companies are very nearly all weeded out. Those which remain are likely to prove a better advertisement for the Province. West Africa, which has occupied the attention of English promoters, has proved a delusion, and a snare, while the resumption of opera- THE MINING RECORD. 51 tions in the Rand will rather have the effect of releasing capital, than of causing fresh inroads upon it. American and Eastern Canadian capital is well enough disposed to British Columbia, provided indisputable evidence is given of another forward movement in the country. It only requires decision and energy on the part of those who should have the interests of the country at heart, to insure the beginnings during 1902, of a period of great and real prosperity and progress. But certainly, there never has been a time when wisdom and discretion, as well as energetic action, were more necessary, if the golden stream is not again to be diverted from this Province, through our failure to comprehend the means by which it may be directed here, made profitable and productive, and induced this way in increasing volume from year to year. LEAD-PRODUCING INDUSTRY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. EAST and West Kootenay are at present suffering much from the effects of the depression in the lead- mining industry. Many explanations of the existing state of affairs, and suggested remedies have been advanced, some practical but many showing that great misapprehension upon some of the points affecting the situation is common. The present condition of lead mining could be much improved we think if those interested should arrive at a correct understanding of the situation, and would then combine to use their influence for the amelioration of conditions. Those interested are not only the owners of the mines and the men who would like to earn money working in them, the smelters and the large population in the Kootenays whose business is immediately affected, but also the transportation companies, the farmers and ranchers of British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Assiniboia, the Eastern Canadian manufacturers, and the merchants of both Eastern Canada and of our coast cities whose business in the Kootenays has been so remunerative. Through them a large population in Eastern and Western Canada feels the difference between prosperity and hard times in the Kootenays. Apart from the effect upon the prosperity of Canadians, the Dominion government has no more liberal contributors per capita, by means of duties on imported goods, than the residents of the Kootenays, while the value of the ore upon which a tax of 2 per cent, is collectible is among the considerations which give the Provincial government an especial interest in the production. There is no doubt that the relation of the cost of production to the average value of the product of our silver- lead mines is the difficulty, and not the lack of ore in the mines. Dealing first with the value of the product to see how it can be increased we find, so far as the price of silver and the world's market price of lead are concerned, that if lead mining is not possible at current prices, it cannot be relied on as a permanent business. The transportation companies can improve the value of the lead to the miner by reducing the freight charge on • ore to the smelter and on the bullion from the smelter to the refinery, and we should imagine that they would be disposed to do something in this direction if the others interested would do their share in cheapening production. The mine owner is paid for 95 per cent, of the silver contents of the ore as determined by the most exact assaying methods. By the methods now used, much higher results are obtained than was usual a few years ago, and assayers with experience on both continents, inform us that this difference is much more marked if the comparison is between the assaying methods now used here and those in use in England where the results were so much lower as to give the smelter some margin of safety. The 5 per cent, deducted has to provide for the smelters' losses in slags and by volatilization, and for the percentnge deducted by the refinery to which the base bullion is sold, and any small percentage not so absorbed is taken into account as part of the earning when treatment rates are considered. Payment is made for 90 per cent, of the lead in accordance with the American custom to provide for losses and refining deductions. If this were not done, a compensating increase in the treatment charge would be necessary. The price paid is based on the London market price. As an example of the misapprehension regarding the situation to which we have referred, which by its existence tends to prevent reasonable united action, our attention was recently called to an article published by a contemporary, over the signature of a Mining Engineer, criticising smelting charges and reflecting upon the business ability of mine managers who submitted to them, and in which the deduction of $1.00 per 100 lbs. from the price of pig lead in London was referred to as something of which the owner of the ore was deprived to his unjust loss and the profit of the smelter. As a matter of fact, the treatment rate charged on lead ores is higher than it would otherwise be because the deduction of $1.00 per 100 lbs. is only a part of the cost of conveying the lead in the form of base bullion to a refinery, or refining charges and the freight to the world's market and selling costs there, and the remainder of this marketing cost, over and above $1.00 per 100 lbs., has to be included in the freight and treatment charge which therefore increases as the percentage of lead in the ore increases within certain limits. It would certainly be simpler to deduct, say $1.50 per 100 lbs. from the London price of lead, which would give a more correct value for the lead in base bullion at Nelson or Trail, and charge a lower freight and treatment rate. The same critic includes in the amount of which he calculates the miner is deprived to swell the dividends of the smelting companies, 90 per cent, of the 10 per cent, deduction, at the value of pig lead in London, not considering that before the lead can have that value the smelter must pay freight to New York, refining charge, freight and insurance to London, selling commission, etc. The deduction for freight and treatment being a 52 THE MINING RECORD. competitive rate with distant smelters, is not affected by the distance from the local smelters, but is uniform on lead ores irrespective of the point of shipment. The freight on the ore to the smelter is paid on the gross weight including sacks and moisture, while the miner only pays the combined freight and treatment charge on the net dry weight of the ore. With a not uncommon percentage of moisture of io per cent, and a freight rate of $5.00, this amounts to 50 cents per ton. Let us proceed to ascertain what the local smelters realise, and what is included in their charges. As an example take an ore or concentrate carrying 65 per cent, lead with, say, 10 per cent, moisture and a freight rate to a British Columbia smelter of $3.50, which would be approximately descriptive of an important part of the lead ore produced in British Columbia. Supposing that the mine ships gross weight of 2,200 lbs., of which moisture is 10 per cent. =200 lbs., ore 2,000 lbs. The freight and treatment charge, according to 1901 rates, would be $19.00, and a deduction from the London price of lead for 90 per cent, of the assay contents, 1,300 lbs. less 130 lbs. = 1,160 lbs. at $1.00 per 100 lbs. =$11.70, total $30.70. The smelter must pay freight on 2,000 lbs. ore and 200 lbs. moisture, total 2,200 lbs. at $3.5o = $3.85- The freight, refining charge, selling cost, insurance and ocean freight, approximately on 1,170 lbs. lead at $1.50 per 100 lbs. =$17.55, total $21.40, leaving as treatment earned $9.30, and any little saving the smelter may make on metals over what he pays for, or less any loss of metals if his metallurgical results should prove unsatisfactory. While saying something of what is done to earn this $9.30 it will, perhaps, make the matter clearer if a comparison is made with the work done to earn the treatment charge on the principal ores of the Boundary Creek district, as the rates charged there are often quoted (sometimes by those who should know better) when complaining of the rates on lead ores. We have on the one hand deposits of ore so immense, and so easily mined, that a very large and regular output can be definitely relied upon and the most economical smelting arrangements made with the knowledge that such a plant will have an ample supply of ore for years to come, as an instance of which the Granby Company has installed and is preparing to install the necessary blast furnaces and other plant to treat 2,000 tons of ore a day from its own mine, and to bring the product up to the last stage before the electrolytic separation of the precious metals. On the other hand you have a variable uncertain tonnage of lead ores, varying in quantity from less than fifty tons a day at present to perhaps 400 tons a day at times, to be purchased in irregular quantities from a great number of mines scattered over the district, making it imprudent to invest in the necessary plant to treat the maximum output, as in that case a great part of the plant may be idle much of the time, making it necessary also to provide storage (not in one mass but in a number of bins for the different classes of ore) for the surplus output to provide, if possible, for the times when the output falls below the requirements of the smelter. In the one case there is an uniform grade of ore not dependent upon the admixture of any other so that it can be smelted as fast as it reaches the works, the loss of interest and risk of loss in prices minimized, and the works planned for the most economical operation ; in the other a great variety of ores one dependent upon the other for economical smelting which, with the irregularity of supply, makes it necessary to carry large stocks of valuable ore and increases the necessary cost of handling, the loss of interest, and the risk of loss in prices. It might be thought that the smelter would equalise the losses on a falling market by gains on a rising market, but this is not the case, for while its receipts are likely to be in excess of its capacity when prices are high and its stock therefore increases, shipments from the mines diminish with low prices until the surplus is exhausted and the rising market finds it with empty bins and perhaps compelled to close down until it can accumulate a stock. The daily output at present, for instance, is not sufficient to keep one of the local smelters in operation. A German smelter will require, in agreeing to buy the output of ore from a mine, that a certain tonnage should be guaranteed, and will also limit the tonnage which it will accept. In British Columbia the lead ore contracts have been altogether in favour of the miner who has not usually guaranteed any definite tonnage, while the smelter has agreed to take the whole output of the mine. Next, the smelter buying the Boundary creek, or other copper ore, deducts from the New York price of refined copper about $100 per ton with which to pay the freight to New York, and the refiners deductions and charges which, instead of being less than the cost, as in the case of the deduction of $20.60 per ton of lead, gives him a margin of profit to help out his earnings for treatment. Again, as regards cost of treatment, in the one case it is possible to make one sample and assay for a lot of several car loads, in the other almost always each car load forms a lot. Next, a furnace of such a size as would smelt 400 tons a day of Boundary Creek ore would be doing equally good work when smelting 100 tons per diem of a mixture of lead and dry ore accompanied by the necessary barren flux, which means that the cost per ton for interest on plant, management, clerical, assayers, foremen's salaries, etc., will be four times as much per ton in one case as in the other, without considering continuity as opposed to regularity of operation. Then, ore of the one class is ready for the blast furnace without any previous preparation, while almost all the lead ore now mined in British Columbia must be crushed fine, roasted in furnaces, then mixed with lime and made into briquettes, which operations cost about as much as the whole process of smelting the Boundary ore, increase the losses of values, and require additional expensive plant. Next, the Boundary ore requires no flux ; for the other barren flux must be bought, which not only costs money itself, but costs money for labour, fuel, etc., to smelt it, and absorbs some of the THE MINING RECORD. 53 precious metals from the ore with which it is smelted. These respective advantages and disadvantages are not new discoveries, but are an old story to smelter managers and metallurgists. In a paper by Mr. R. R. Hedley, now smelting manager of the Hall Mining & Smelting Company, which is published in the proceedings of the Canadian Mining Institute for 1898, he wrote : " Speaking of possibilities, however, I consider that they are far " greater in the Boundary Creek district. There the variety is greater " and a perfect self-fluxing ore is obtainable. I do not pretend to say " that there is an abundance of ore of such grade as to maintain a large " plant, but I do say that there is every indication that such will prove " to be the case. Once transportation is had, development will be " pushed, and plants will follow. Ores will be treated both by direct " smelting for matte and by previous concentration. There are very " clean ores of mixed pyrites, chiefly pyrites and chalcopyrite, that will " carry 8 lo 12 per cent, copper and low silica ; others of low pyrites, " and gangue that will form an excellent slag. Should the coal, on " development, prove 10 be of good coking quality and in sufficient " quantity, a plant with large capacity will treat ore as cheaply as any- " where on the continent. Even bringing in coke, at a cost of $12.00 " per ton laid down, I have no hesitation in stating that a 500-ton " plant (two furnaces) using steam power, will smelt at a cost not to " exceed $2.75 per ton of ore." This estimate of the possibilities of the situation is being closely realised. Under these circumstances therefore it does not appear that the local lead smelters have been charging altogether unreasonable smelting rates, but we already have assurance that they will not be found least willing to make sacrifices to help out the situation. Meanwhile the Provincial government has announced its intention of adjusting the incidence of the mineral tax, and it the railways and smelters will reduce their charges the net value of the product will be increased. This can be further increased if a line of action suggested to the Dominion government is carried out, and it doubtless will be if the pressure of public opinion is exerted by the people of Eastern and Western Canada interested in the prosperity of the Kootenays. The speeches of Sir Wilfred Laurier and Mr. Paterson, at the Canadian Manufacturers Association, seem to indicate that the administration has decided to continue the present tariff policy, and there is therefore no longer a reason why the advantages of that policy should not be extended to the lead-mining districts of British Columbia which have hitherto only suffered from its drawbacks. The government has shown its disposition by offering a bounty to encourage the erection of a Canadian lead refinery, and it is now announced that the C. P. R. is adding a refinery to its plant at Trail so that in a few months we may hope that there will be Canadian pig lead on the market, and the necessity for a readjustment of the duties on lead in all stages of manufacture will thus become urgent. Such changes should then be made as would encourage the establishment of these manufacturers in Canada, and increase the consumption of our own pig lead which should have reasonable protection. Since writing the above we learn that action has been taken by the smelters and transportation companies, in the direction of assisting the lead-mining industry during the present depression in prices. The smelters in dicate their intention (assisted by railways) to reduce the combined freight and treatment rates on lead ores to $11.00 for lead ore assaying 20 per cent, lead, with 20 cents per ton additional for each additional per cent, of lead to 40 per cent., with a change in the zinc limit from 10 per cent, as in the past, to 8 per cent., above which the usual penalty of 50 cents per one per cent, is charged. This amounts to a reduction of $4.00 per ton of ore containing not more than 8 per cent, zinc, and of $3.00 on all ores carrying 10 per cent, zinc or over. These rates, it is claimed, involve an undue sacrifice and are only emergency rates to apply while lead is below £12 in London, and with each advance of £1 in the price of lead, there is to be an advance of $1.00 in the freight and treatment rates until the rates of last year are reached. The smelters have chosen this time when prices are likely to advance, and the first advantage will probably be to the mine owner to ask him to share the speculation in prices. It is found that upon an average, about five months elapse between the purchase of lead ore and the sale of the product therefrom. The smelters have hitherto borne the risk of the fall in prices during this interval. Now they stipulate, when making the reduction in rates, that they will pay for 90 per cent, of the estimated value when received, and make final settlement in ninety days at the prices ruling then. MINERAL PRODUCTION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA IN 1901. MR. W. F. ROBERTSON, Provincial Mineralogist, has submitted to the Hon. D. M. Eberts, K. C, Acting Minister of Mines, the following approximate estimate of the mineral production of the Province for the year 1901. The Department of Mines has, of course, exceptional opportunities of correctly estimating the aggregate yield, even before all the returns from individual mines have been sent in, and the figures as given should therefore be reasonably near the mark. The returns from East Kootenay at first sight appear somewhat misleading, the estimated value of the product for 1901 being nearly the same as that of 1900, while the tonnage for the first-mentioned year is shown to have decreased by over sixty thousand tons. It is obvious, however, that while the coal and coke production from Fernie has been included in the estimate of values, tonnage from these collieries has been doubtless advisedly omitted from the column showing the number of tons of mineral produced. We extract the following from Mr. Robertson's explanatory letter: " This estimate is based upon the actual returns of a number of the mines, and for those mines from which returns have not as yet been received the output is based upon their approximate known tonnage for the past year, together with the assays of the ores from the same mines for the previous year. " You will note that these are not given as final statistics for the year, which can only be obtained after all 54 THE MINING RECORD. returns are in and checked very carefully. These will be included in the annual report of the department, which cannot be out for about two months yet. " I hand you these figures now rather than wait for the final statistics, as I believe the prompt publication of even an approximate official estimate making so good a showing will be of benefit to the Province, and is generally desired by investors in our mines. " I think you will find this estimate conservative and very approximate, quite sufficiently so to show the progress which has been made in the mining industry during the past year. spring causing freshets and leaving a shortage of water during the latter part of the season. | The tonnage of ore mined from the lode mines in the past year is about 871,832 tons, equal to an increase of 317,036 over the year 1900, a little more than 57 per cent. " There has been an increase in the output of all the metals with the exception of lead, the low price obtainable in this Province for lead ores having discouraged this class of mining, except where accompanied with good silver values. " The gross value of the copper output has increased Estimated Mineral Production by Metals. Customary Measure. 1900. 1901 (Estimated). Mineral. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Ounces. (c Pounds. 2,240 lbs. 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 '.439.595 85.149 $1,278,724 3,453.38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,691,887 4,318,785 425,745 251,740 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 30.736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 $ 892,500 4,704,200 2,624,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4.587,630 673,800 309,030 Coke Other materials Totals $16,344,751 $20,713,501 N. B.—1900 given as ascertained. Production of Mineral by Districts and Divisions. Tons of Ore Mined. Divisions. Districts. Name. 1900. 11901. 1900. 11901. 1900. + 1901. Cariboo District $684,527 $470,000 $672,000 12,527 $450,000 20,000 Cassiar District 300 86,962 467.479 2,855,851 6,020,783 88,493 1,422 465 4.805,153 Kootenay, East, District 26,536 2,850,289 7,362,189 West, " 217,636 94,378 30,833 622 279,084 103,486 30,267 1,229 3.670 2,739,3oo 787,082 2,413.373 81,028 3.855,556 1,110,226 2,240,615 155.792 Nelson " Ainsworth and Slocan Mining Division.... Lillooet District 56,900 4,75T.458 Yale District Grand Forks and Kettle River Mining Div. Other Divisions : 103,426 580 14,346 40 L, 008 3.158 23-394 1,358,383 64,082 4,695,469 55.989 Coast Districts 4,902,665 554,796 871,832 $16,344,751 $20,713,501 i T Estimated " In calculating the values of the products the usual course has been followed, and the average price for the year in the New York metal market has been used as a basis. For silver 95 per cent., and for lead 90 per cent., of such market price has been taken. Treatment and other charges have not been deducted. " Roughly speaking, the increase made in 1901 over 1900 is 25 per cent, on gross value of output of the Province. This will be a very agreeable surprise to many, as the circulation of reports giving a contrary impression has caused a very despondent view to be taken of the progress of the mining industry during 1901, which does not seem to be warranted by the facts. " There is an appreciable drop in the placer gold production, owing to the sudden melting of the snow last 206 per cent, over 1900, while lode gold has increased 36 per cent, and silver 14 per cent. " The attached tabulated forms show the estimated production of the various metals and for the various districts." B. C. IN LONDON. (From Our Own Correspondent.) BUSINESS in the London mining market in the latter part of the old year, and in the opening days of 1902, was chiefly noteworthy for the recovery in the South African market, where the tone has shown a distinct improvement owing to the belief that the war THE MINING RECORD. 55 will soon fizzle out. Large buying on behalf of continental and American operators was reported, and altho' there has been nothing in the nature of a boom, there has been a much firmer tone, and evidence of the underlying strength which has for some time past characterised this section. Westralians attract little attention from the public, and West Africans are still suffering from indigestion. In the British Columbia section the Le Roi group has again been very weak, the Le Roi No. 2 report furnishing the sensational event of the month, owing to the divergent views of the board and the auditors, Messrs. Ford, Rhodes & Ford, the latter of whom made a lengthy report, the gist of which seems to be that the dividend paid recently on Le Roi No. 2, was not justified by the finances of the company. In connection with the position of Messrs. Ford, Rhodes & Ford in relation to the London & Globe and B. A. C. groups it may be worth mentioning that at a recent meeting of a Rhodesian company, of which they had acted as auditors, they were not re-elected, altho' Mr. Ford earnestly defended the actions of his firm in regard to the London & Globe group, in replying to the criticism of one of the shareholders at the meeting in question. The late manager of the Le Roi has announced his intention of replying at length to his critics. Le Rois themselves have been heavy at about £4. L. and B. C. Goldfields on the other hand have been rather more in demand owing to their comparatively low price, and Ymirs also keep firm. This group is regarded by city men as the leading one in connection with B. C. matters. At the Whitewater meeting the chairman spoke in hopeful terms of the future, and said that much good should result for the inauguration of local refineries. Mr. Wethered gave an account of his recent visit to the property, and was also hopeful as to the future. The suggested reconstruction of the Velvet will not have come as a surprise to those who have followed the affairs of this company, and the group to which it belongs. By the scheme now put forward further capital will be obtained, and it is to be hoped that this proposition will, sooner or later, give a good account of itself; so far it has not made a very brilliant show, but then neither have any of the other concerns promoted by the new Goldfields group. There was some healthy criticism at the meeting of the Alaska Goldfields Co., but the month has not been very prolific of incident. The Hon. J. H. Turner, the new Agent-General, has wisely decided to open an office in the heart of the city, a course which has earned the approbation of all classes of city men who, by the decision in question, are saved the necessity of sending a messenger to the other end of the metropolis every time they want a little information regarding the Province. The office of the agency is located at Salisbury House, London Wall, and Mr. Turner has been very busy settling down in his new quarters. Domiciled in suitable offices for the position of the Agent-General in London, and fortified, as - he of course will be, by every possible reading matter that will tell the public on this side what they want to know about the Province, Mr. Turner should be able to render very material assistance to the city man, to the prospective emigrant and to the Province. It is satisfactory to know that he appreciates the necessity of judicious advertisement of the possibilities of the Province, and that he has already sketched out a scheme in this connection. It is to be hoped that in British Columbia equal importance will be attached to the question of advertising, for hitherto the Province has been sadly lacking in this respect. At the present juncture the new Agent-General, assisted by judicious advertising, should be able to do much to eradicate the bad impression of B. C, created in this country by the mal-administration of promoters and directors of B. C. companies. The Le Roi No. 2 company has just issued its annual report and balance sheet for the year ending September 30, 1901, as the latter may interest your readers I reproduce it here. It will be noted that the dividend of 5 per cent, was to all intents and purposes paid out of capital: BALANCE SHEET, SEPTEMBER 30, I9OI. Dr. To Capital issued and called up, 120,000 shares of £5 each, £600,000, less calls in arrear, £30,000 ,£570,000 " Sundry creditors, London £449, and Rossland £1,987 . 2,436 " Bills payable, Rossland, Northport Smelting and Refining company, £12,793, ancl Bank of Montreal, £15,121 27,914 Cr. By Property account—Cost of property purchased, £55,000 less value of machinery, plant, equipment and buildings' taken over from vendors, £10,306 Preliminary expenses, less amount written off, £1,686.. Mine exploration and development expenditure, less amount written off, £635 Mine machinery and plant, less depreciation 10 per cent. Surface improvements and buildings, less depreciation 10 per cent Mine surface equipment, less depreciation 20 per cent.. Sundry debtors s Ore in transit Cash at bankers and in hand Dividend (interim) paid, £30 000 ; 5 per cent, on dividend paid, due to directors under the terms of the articles of association, £1,500 — £31,500; deduct profit and loss—balance as per account, £27,275 £600,350 P539.794 1,686 34.103 4,807 4 397 3,959 5,269 1,063 1,044 4,224 £600,350 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. From incorporation 1st June, 1900, to 30th Sept., 1901. Dr. To Rossland expenditure—Ore production and insurance. ' Depreciation on machinery ' London expenditure ' Preliminary expenses, proportion written off ' Exchange ' Balance £17,485 2,647 2,669 1,686 368 27,275 Cr. By Ore account " Interest account. " Transfer fees . . . £52,131 £50,286 £52,131 Owing to pressure on our space the lengthy report by the auditors is not given. The directors of the company, in explanation of the auditors' report, say :— (1) With regard to the interim dividend declared in June, the original arrangement with the Le Roi company was that the charge made for smelting the ore of the Le Roi No. 2 should give to the former a net profit of one dollar per ton. With this end in view it was agreed that the charge for freight and smelting should be $5 a ton. Subsequently on the directors of the Le Roi submitting that by this arrangement they would make scarcely any profit, a cost of $6 per ton was substituted. When the clean-up was made at the North- port smelter, preparatory to closing the books, a further amount of $1.98 per ton (indirect charges) was added. This additional charge your directors could not anticipate, and in view of Mr. Frecheville's recent report in which upon 26,000 tons of ore purchased (which includes nearly 21,000 tons from your mines) he estimates the profit as $62,021.69, or about $2,38 per ton, 56 THE MINING RECORD. the total charge of $7.08 per ton should not have been incurred. (2) The auditors call attention to the fact that we have not reckoned as an asset the ore on the dump. The reason of this is that our general manager is unable to give any definite value for the same. The amount af $62,000 borrowed against it from the Bank of Montreal has been paid off, and the dump is now an unencumbered asset. (3) With regard to the small amount written off for development, it must be remembered that we have but as yet commenced attacking the ore bodies, and Mr. Macdonald assures us that the ore shipped last year was taken out largely in the development of these and making preparation for stoping. (4) We do not admit that the Le Roi Mining Company has any pecuniary claim on this company. RECENT PUBLICATIONS. A History of the Precious Metals: From the Earliest Times to the Present ; by Alex. Del Mar. Second edition, complete in one volume ; pp. 500, 8vo. Cloth and gold $3; The Cambridge Encyclopedia Co., New York, 1902. THIS is an extremely valuable and comprehensive work ; such indeed as was to be expected from an author of Mr. Del Mar's ripe scholarship, technical knowledge and command of language. The book is divided into thirty-six chapters, in which the history of precious metal mining in every country of both the ancient and modern world is graphically related, while some attention is also paid to the economic questions having regard to monetary systems and the production of wealth. Chapter xxxii is devoted to the history of gold mining in British Columbia, and here, perhaps, we are better qualified to assume the role of critic than in cases where other countries are under discussion. After briefly referring to the early Cariboo and other placer gold discoveries in the northern districts the author proceeds to say : " In 1895-96 quartz mining began, when the produce rose to about one and a-half millions a year. Large capitals were now invested in the mines (quartz) and machinery began to take the place of hand labour. It is yet to be seen if these ventures will prove remunerative." Of course it is quite easy to understand that there are difficulties in the way of bringing a book of this character strictly up-to-date, but it is now a well-known fact that a very large number of mining undertakings inaugurated in British Columbia since 1895, have proved exceedingly remunerative. Again, we find the following paragraph : " According to the report of the United States Consul at Victoria, dated March 16, 1901, concerning the mineral production of British Columbia during the year 1900, the number of miners working underground in the Province was 2,426, and above ground 1,305, total, 3,731. If these were all gold miners, the entire produce of the mines was insufficient to pay them $3 a day — the ordinary wages in mining camps on the northwestern coast—to say nothing of the capital invested in prospecting, purchasing and developing the mines, machinery, supplies, licenses, taxes and other outlays. In a word, if the Consul's vague returns are correctly understood, every dollar produced from the mines of British Columbia must have cost at least two dollars." Surely this is not altogether a sagacious remark. Even supposing that all the mines referred to were gold mines, which of course they are not, is it reasonable or fair to comment on the excessive cost of production in a country admittedly but recently exploited and in which necessarily but a few mines could be on a productive basis ? Generally speaking mining is as economically conducted in British Columbia as in any other mining country, costs being sometimes even lower than those of South Africa where mine labour is miserably underpaid, and is therefore consequently unduly costly. It is somewhat unfortunate that Mr. Del Mar failed to secure official information from the Canadian authorities upon which to base his conclusions, instead of relying for this on returns which are incompletely expressed. Probably had he done so he would not have fallen into such other errors as, for instance, that " the government of the Dominion of Canada disallowed or repealed an Act forbidding all but British subjects from locating placer claims " or that "there is no tax on mineral product." These misstatements are unimportant but they might nevertheless have been avoided, and it is hoped that as the work will undoubtedly sell most readily on its merits, the necessary corrections will appear in subsequent editions. The American Mines Manual: Comprising a careful, accurate and concise compilation of the active gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc mining and milling companies throughout the UnitedStates ; compiled by George. E. Vigouroux, LL.B. Price $5.00, New York, Geo. E. Vigouroux & Co. To machinery manufacturers and others this directory of American mining companies, containing possibly the most complete list yet published, should be of great use. Evidently a great deal of pains has been taken to insure accuracy, at the same time the value of the compilation could and doubtless will be vastly increased to the general public by the addition of information at present withheld. Thus brevity and conciseness has been arrived at and achieved at too great a sacrifice, and the publishers might well in future accept as their model that excellent Canadian work of the same character, Bell's Mining Manual. We are glad to see meanwhile that the compiler, in a preface, suggests such improvements, for he promises that " additional matter will be added, new facts stated, fuller particulars given, and the work itself will be completely revised." Electric Gas Lighting: How to install Electric Gas Igniting Apparatus, including the Jump Spark and Multiple Systems, for use in houses, churches, theatres, halls, schools, stores, or any large buildings. By H. S. Norrie. First edition, New York ; Spon & Chamberlain ; London, E. & F. N. Spon, Limited, 1901. Mr. H. S. Norrie (Norman H. Schneider) the author of " Induction Coils and Coil Making," has just published through Messrs. Spon & Chamberlain, another interesting and useful little text book under the above title. Most people will agree that electrical lighting is infinitely superior in every way to illumination by gas, but not infrequently gas is available when electricity is not. In such cases Mr. Norrie suggests a means whereby one of the disadvantages of the former maybe overcome. Igniting gas with a match or taper is both dangerous and .inconvenient, and recent invention has rendered it unnecessary. The author of this little book explains how gas may be ignited from a distance by simple electrical means, and in the six chapters the methods by which any person of moderate mechanical ability may successfully install and operate such an appliance are very clearly described. THE MINING RECORD. THE MINING INDUSTRY IN CARIBOO DISTRICT, B.C. By Thos. Drummond, B. Sc, (McGill), M.E., M.C.S.C.E., &c. (Continued from last month). Cedar Creek Channel.—This channel is worked by several companies At the lower end is the Pride of the Lake, formerly known as the Winkley claim. The company was reorganised last spring and they have now brought in a permanent supply of water from Poquette lake. The combined ditch and flume is about two miles in length and it carries 300 miner's inches of water. A short run this fall gave very satisfactory results. The new company hold 3,000 feet of this channel and have a dump of about 300 feet into the Quesnelle lake through a rock tunnel cut through the mine. The bank at present is shallow but increases in depth as it goes back. The gravel yields fairly coarse gold, with a number of pretty specimens of crystalline gold. The claim is now well opened up for next season's work. It has been worked for about three years in a small way Dam at the Outlet of Bootjack Lake Reservoir. with good results, and with a good permanent supply of water it should yield good returns. Likely Gulch Co.—This property is situated on Likely gulch about one mile above the Pride of the Lake. It has been operated at a profit for several years and is reported to have produced $1,600 during this spring's run. A permanent supply of water can be obtained from Summit lake by building a short ditch. The claim was sold this summer to Mr. Hobson, manager of the Consolidated Cariboo, who intends developing it next season. Cedar Creek Co.—The mine, owned by Messrs. McLaren, Mclntyre and Fitzgerald, is situated on Cedar creek, which yielded a large amount of gold in the earlier days of mining in the district. It paid well up to the crossing of the Cedar creek channel, which was not definitely located at that time. As far as can be seen this company has located it. During the season they ran 200 feet of tunnel and crosscut on the east side of Cedar creek, about 30 feet above the level of the present stream and are now running a 300-foot tunnel on the west side at about the same level. The creek and summit were also prospected with encouraging results. The top gravel averages about 10 cents per cubic yard and the bottom gravel carries from 10 cents to $2.50 per cubic yard. The gold is fairly coarse with pieces up to $3. Several other companies are also at work on this channel, operating with a small supply of water, and- while the water lasts the claims pay well. Jetties and Gate at the Outlet of Polleys Lake Reservoir. Spanish creek—Moore Co.—The owners are Messrs. G. A. Veith, C. O'Neill, H. McGregor and B. Cumus- ky. They are and have for several years past been engaged, in working the deep ground of Spanish creek, having been in pay for about two years, and with good firm gravel but very wet. So far, apparently, they have been working on a branch and could not bottom the channel. A new 250-foot incline has just been finished to tap the bottom and the claim is now in shape for systematic work. The claim latterly has been yielding 4-6 ounces of gold to the set with a io-foot cap. The drain tunnel is about 1,000 feet long and 70 feet below the present stream. The gold is shotty with small nuggets, but it is not very coarse. The company hold three leases, and they expect to be on pay henceforward. Several other companies are also at work drifting for the same channel and Mr. Moore has started work on his claim on Black Bear creek, the main tributary of Spanish creek. Mr. Mack is prospecting at Murderer's gulch for a high channel of Quesnelle river. He has Cut, 10 feet deep and }i mile long, excavated to open Polleys Lake. put down a shaft to a depth of 30 feet and is now drifting in.- Snowshoe creek.—The hydraulic claims on this creek have a more or less limited supply of water and the run 58 THE MINING RECORD is from 40 to 80 days. The uppermost mine is the They have a flume 8 feet by 2 feet to carry the water off Smith & Anderson hydraulic. It was operated with the creek three men for 40 days piping the bank, which is 70 feet high. The claim usually pays from $4,000 to $5,000 per season. This year they paid expenses, but are running a new cut through low-grade material to improve the dump and do not expect to strike pay till next season. Hayward Hydraulic Mine.—This mine is owned by Messrs. Veith & Borland. They piped 60 days and worked five men, cleaning up 200 ounces of gold from a piece of bed-rock 92 feet by 30 feet. The gold is coarse, one piece last season weighing about 16 ounces. The head of water is about 250 feet. The Ah Que hydraulic mine usually pays about $4,000. This season they lost the water before cleaning up and at the time of writing are engaged in this operation. The Golden Gate drifting mine is owned by Messrs. Veith & Borland and others. They are 380 feet from the shaft, which is 60 feet deep. The mine is equipped with a good hoisting and pumping plant, operated by a water wheel. They have now started Dam Gates and Camp on Six-mile Creek, below Pollers Lake Cut. work for the winter with eight men working on two shifts and are on pay. Keithley creek.—A number of Chinese companies are at work on this creek, working, as a rule, on the deep ground with large forces of men, and as far as can be learned are doing well. Mr. J. E. Edwards is drifting in for the old channel of Snowshoe creek, where it empties into Keithley creek, and Messrs. Trowman & Pierce are also drifting. At the Onward drifting mine, also owned by Messrs. Veith & Borland, operations have taken the form of exploiting for the high channel of Keithley creek, and Mr. Veith now informs me that the search has proved successful. The shaft is 100 feet deep to pay and a tunnel has been driven 570 feet long through rim into the channel. Another tunnel is now being started. There are several chance hydraulic mines on Keithley below the Onward. The properties are operated every year but the yield is unknown. Goose creek.— Messrs. Helgeson & Poquette are drifting for the deep ground on this creek, and they are now on ■ bed rock and get very pretty gold in coarse pieces up to $5 and $6 in value. I understand they will work the mine open in which case it will be 30 feet high. Messrs. Hunter & Kyart are at work lower down the stream on a high channel which they have already lo- Hazeltine Camp, South Fork Canal. cated and they are now opening up. The gold is coarse but of a different run from Mr. Helgesen's. Cunningham Creek Flats.—Several shafts put down to a depth of twenty feet prove the existence of good ground on these flats for a hydraulic lift or dredge. The flats are 4-15 feet above the level of Swamp river. The properties are extensive and1 the creek itself furnishes unlimited power and a large volume of water. Clearwater Lake.—-A considerable amount of work has been done on Hemlock creek running into the north end of Upper Clearwater lake. The flume is 10 x 5 feet and 325 feet long, and the dam is 45 feet long and 10 feet high. Large boulders of glacial origin are very numerous all over that section and the creeks are filled with them. The results were not very satisfactory and it is doubtful whether the company will continue the work next season. Main Quesnelle River.—The National Mining company hold four leases on the south side of Quesnelle river just below the mouth of .Beaver river. During the season they built five miles of ditch and flume to carry Flume on line of South Fork Canal. 1,000 inches of water, all of-which is finished except a small portion of the flume. Three thousand feet of pipe and a monitor are on the ground but not installed. They built five miles of waggon road and brought in a THE MINING RECORD. 59 saw-mill. The water is taken from Beaver river just above the falls. They are supposed to have expended $50,000 this season in equipment and development and the mine will be in operation next season. Pooling- Reservoir on Blackjack Gulch, below end of South Fork Canal. Horsefly District.—The Horsefly Hydraulic Mining company originally operated their ground by hydraulic means, but the gravel being cemented the property has now practically developed into a drifting mine. During the last three years $20,000 has been expended in advancing the main drift and running gangways and drifts to explore and open the mine, and there are now 100,000 tons of material blocked out, all of which can be mined at a profit. The main tunnel is in 1,800 feet and there is no sign of the opposite rim of the channel. During the last three years' operations, while practically doing dead work, some $10,000 in gold has been recovered. The company have a 10-stamp mill which is to be much enlarged. The cemented gravel is crushed in this mill. The Horsefly Gold Mining company has been reorganised under the name of Ward's Horsefly Gold Min- Two 8-inch Streams at work on the Upper Bench, washing Gravel from bank 350 feet high. ing company. The head of water on this company's property is 300 feet, which operates an elevating plant with a hoist of about 35 feet very successfully. The pipe line is about two miles long, the main pipe being 30 inches in diameter, dividing near the mine into two 22-inch pipes. The elevating plant here is the only successfully operated appliance of its kind in the country. Mr. Ward has done a great deal of dead work this year which has delayed his operations and rendered the returns less than he expected. When he suspended operations for the season, however, he was in good pay which will, contribute largely in swelling next year's proceeds. Mr. Ward deserves great credit for his perseverance under many difficulties and is to be congratulated upon the success he has already achieved. Miosene Gravel Mining Co.—-This company operates at Harper's camp in the Horsefly country. The work comprises the exploitation of an ancient channel of enormous size and depth. Various deep shafts have been sunk—the last one a three-compartment shaft to a total depth of 550 feet. From the bottom of this shaft some 500 feet of tunnelling has been extended to tap the bottom of the channel. When they broke through into the gravel the water became too strong for the pumps, and after obtaining wonderfully good prospects the work was shut down till more powerful machinery could be obtained. This machinery wijl be brought in this winter and the mine will soon be again in operation. The company operating here under the View of Morehead Lake Reservoir, looking East from the Dam. efficient management of Mr. R. H. Campbell, deserve great credit for their perseverance under many difficulties, and they deserve the success which is apparently now assured. It might also be pointed out that the success of this mine means much to the district and country. It will prove a most extensiva system of rich gold-bearing channels covering a large extent of country with room for working many other drifting mines as extensive as this. THE NEW HORSEFLY GOLD DISCOVERIES. - Messrs. Drucker and Barrett are operating on South Fork of Horsefly, about 65 miles from Harper's camp and near the scene of the recent reported strikes on Horsefly river. They hold 3 1-3 miles on Horsefly river. Conditions are very favourable for operating here as there are big falls at the lower end of their ground. The ground is supposed to be about 40 feet deep and I understand the owners will work it open. Six men were employed during the summer. A shaft was sunk about 26 feet deep, but further sinking was prevented by water. From five to ten feet of the top gravel here yields $8.00 to $10.00 a day by sluicing tests. Beneath this there are about 20 feet of boulder clay with gravel, but the owners were unable to prospect this for values on account of water. A number of sluicing tests were also made. Probably $300 worth of gold was recover- THE MINING RECORD. 61 ed from prospecting. The gold is fairly coarse and about the size of flax seed. Mr. Drucker is now in London, I am told, forming a company to take over the ground. Rock Fill Cedar Crib Dam of Pooling Reservoir, at the delivery end of the Morehead Canal. Regarding the reported strike on Eureka, Empire and Fraser creeks, I can say very little. A large number of claims have been located both on the above creeks and on the South Fork of Horsefly river, and I am told that the known ground is practically all located. I personally believe that there are gold diggings there, but I do not consider that the new diggings are by any means a second Klondike, and due caution should be observed in reporting upon them till the ground is carefully prospected. At present, so far as I can gather, there is nothing to warrant all the excitement that has arisen. Mr. Fraser has been engaged in sinking on Eureka creek and is down 16 feet in what is considered to be a high channel. He has been stopped by water and till he has obtained further appliances I fancy he will be unable to proceed. The sinking has been carried on in boulder clay and it is hoped to strike good gravel beneath. Drucker and Barrett are about eight miles below the mouth of Eureka creek and their prospects are encouraging. New maps of this district have been published giving distances, etc., and the papers Discharge Gates to Dam of Morehead Pooling Reservoir. have given detailed news about the creeks which it is unnecessary for me to report here. I may state that I personally have not visited the ground and my information is merely of a hearsay character. BARKERV1LLE DISTRICT. Williams creek.—The Cariboo Gold Fields, Ltd., operates a short distance below the town of Barkerville in the deep ground of Williams creek. Several years ago the company installed an elevating plant of the hydraulic lift type, with a hoist of about 97 feet, and constructed a ditch system, delivering water at the mine with b head of sbout 800 feet. With this equipment quite a large pit, practically to bed rock, has been excavated. This portion of Williams creek was worked by drifting in the early days and was very rich. It was proposed to work the mine open and the accumulation of tailings on the top of the pay had also to be handled. It was found that the hoist was also inadequate to work this type of machine successfully, and under the management of Mr. Thompson an elevating plant of the endless chain and bucket type was installed last season and successfully tested. The appliance is supplied with 80 buckets having a capacity of about two cubic feet each, and the whole is operated by a Pelton water- wheel, using about 50 miner's inches of water under a head of 400 feet. The capacity of the machine is about 2,500 cubic yards per 24 hours. The gravel in the pit is washed in sluices to a central tank, the waste material being separated by a grizzly. The buckets work Two 8-inch Streams at work Washing Gravel from Lower Bench in advance of old Chinese workings. automatically in this tank and hoist the gravel to the surface where it is washed through a double flume. The company hold a large workable area, and the mine is generally believed to be a very good one. Everything is now in readiness for work next spring. The Saint Juan hydraulic mine is above Richfield on Williams creek. They have a bank of about 70 feet and a good plant and I understand they have had a successful season's work. The McPherson and Boyce hydraulic property at the mouth of Mink gulch is provided with a good hydraulic plant and is steadily operated. In addition to the above a number of smaller companies or individual miners operate on this creek. The Mount claim is situated near the reduction works. It is owned by Mr. Bremner, of London, and is to be worked under agreement. A hydraulic plant is to be installed this winter and the mine will be in readiness for work in the spring. At Barker drift mine winter work is in progress. The owners are exploiting for rim of gold from Stout's gulch. Stout's Gulch.—The Wintrip, Jenkins, Yeomanry and Protection hydraulic claims have all been operated this season with satisfactory results. 62 THE MINING RECORD. Lowhee creek.—The Cariboo Consolidated Hydraulic Mining company have made a long bed-rock cut of about 1,000 feet, and also a flume, and have been on rich ground though somewhat troubled with slide rock and bed rock was temporarily lost. The ground was rich but difficult to handle as it had to be shovelled. The water lasts till July or August. This company control a number of claims here and elsewhere, a good many of which are being operated. Quite a number of smaller enterprises are engaged in mining on this creek. Mosquito creek-—Alabama, Discovery and Williams hydraulic mines. The first two are in operation and the third will be working next season. They all have good plants and the season lasts from one to two months. Laird's Wlllow River.—Operations at this mine are being conducted from a shaft on rim rock, about 200 feet deep, and in drifting out to strike the bottom of the channel which had previously been explored with a boring machine. The owners have broken out into the gravel but have been considerably troubled with water ; the prospects, however, are said to be very good. The company have a good steam hoisting and pumping plant, one Cornish pump, 18-inch with a 11-foot stroke bank is about 25 feet high. A force of twelve men were employed during the summer. The mine is well equipped and has paid well this season. Burns creek Hydraulic.—The Cariboo Exploration Crucible containing 9,040 Troy ounces of melted gold. which can pump out the works in 24 hours. They also have a compressed-air plant. There were many difficulties to contend against here but so far as can be seen these have been surmounted and it is supposed that the mine will be in full operation in a short time. Slough creek.—The Cariboo Exploration company, operating on this creek have explored the channel with a boring plant. A shaft 367 feet deep has been sunk on the rim and about. 1,000 feet of tunnelling run from it to strike the channel. A compressed-air plant has been installed and the property is also equipped with good hoisting and pumping machinery. As soon as everything is in readiness it is proposed to break through into gravel. The mine will then be in full operation and, I understand, working on pay. Nelson and Slough creeks.—The China hydraulic mines operate on both creeks at a profit. The Lange hydraulic mine, Dragon Creek Co., has been operated profitably for several years and has made an unusually good showing this season. The returns, however, would have been still higher but for an unfortunate cave shortly before the close of the season. The bank here is about 50 feet. Water is conserved in a pooling reservoir and the mine can be worked at least for a few hours daily during the entire season. Eight-mile Lake.—At the Thistle Co's property the Crucible partially broken off, the Gold Ingot weighing 9,040 Troy ounces. syndicate are working into the hill near the mouth of Burns ct'eek. Their ditch is four miles long and the water is taken from Jack of Clubs lake. The mine paid well this season and it is said to be a very promising property. Shepherd creek Hydraulic.—The water supply at this property is limited. Yield for the season not ascertained but it is supposed operations were conducted at a profit. Waverly hydraulic on Grouse creek, the bank is about 100 feet ; water taken from Grouse creek. The mine has been in operation many years and is being worked in ground which has been drifted in with un- worked ground ahead. It paid expenses this year. There are several other companies operating on this creek, notably the Shirt Bend company, Mud Slide and several Chinese companies. The results are said to be satisfactory. Stephens creek.—The Chinese hydraulic has been operated for about 20 years, and made a remarkably good showing this year. Ingot of Gold weighing 9,040 Troy ounces, valued at $154,765 ; run of 68 dags: Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Mine, 1900. Cunningham creek. - - The Low Wan hydraulic, Messrs. Ross, McGregor and Thompson owners, are operating up the bed of the creek and intend installing a hydraulic plant. Very encouraging prospects have been THE MINING RECORD. 63 obtained. There are several paying Chinese undertakings on this creek. Wolf creek.—Mr. Hasell operating on this creek has very favourable prospects and has purchased a hydraulic plant which will be installed this winter. Hard Scrabble creek.—The Johnson & Fay Co. here are said to be ge tting satisfactory returns, but I have not ascertained the results for the season. Stewart creek.—There are two drifting claims on this creek which are said to be operating at a profit but the details are unknown to me. Lightning creek.—The Cariboo Consolidated Hydraulic Mining company own a mine in this vicinity just opposite the town of Stanley. The property has been successfully operated with a limited supply of water, but a larger and more permanent supply of water can be obtained when required. Many other companies and individuals are prospecting through the Barkerville district, always with good chances of success, but space will not allow me to notice them in detail. This has been a successful mining year throughout Cariboo district, especially among the smaller mines for the first part of the season was wet and furnished a good supply of water. The larger mines, however, which operate throughout the season have not been so successful, for in many instances the water failed early in the fall on account of continued warm dry weather. Many large companies that have been operating in the country, especially along the Quesnelle river, have expended large sums of money in systematically prospecting their ground with successful results. They find that they have immense deposits of gravel and that these can be profitably worked by hydraulic power. Melting Room, Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Mine. Eleven Cakes Retorted Gold Valued at $81,622,00. Several other claims are also being worked here but I am unable to give results. Dunbar Flat.—Prospecting with a hydraulic plant for the old channel has been carried on here with results reported to be satisfactory. Butcher Point.—Prospecting for a piece of unworked ground has been in progress with encouraging results. On Peter's creek, a tributary of Lightning creek, the Empire company, a deep-drifting company, J. G. Mather, manager, has been engaged in running a tunnel to strike bed rock. The results so far have been encouraging. This creek was relatively little worked in the early days. The Lightning Gold Gravels and Drainage company, have operated during the season near the wing dam and are engaged in drifting for the deep channel of Lightning creek. Work is conducted from a bed-rock shaft, the drift having broken through into the gravel. The inflow of water is a source of some embarrassment, but the mine is equipped with an excellent hoisting and pumping plant. They have also an ample supply of water for the whole season for the operating of these deposits and an unequalled dump into the Quesnelle river. Such enterprises require a large initial outlay—and capital is now difficult to procure — but they also promise a large return and if they are laying dormant at present it is mainly on this account. Then again there are very many mines throughout the Cariboo district that have been annually worked by individuals or companies successfully for many years past and though the properties are, as the stocks are not listed on the markets, practically unknown to the public, still in the aggregate they yield a large amount of gold annually and prove that the country is still a producing one and worthy of examination. Dredging for gold also is another industry which will soon come to the front, especially on the Quesnelle river. I consider that the favourable conditions found here are unequalled elsewhere in the country, for the values are good, the dredging depth is not too great and the soft miocene clay bed rock makes an excellent bottom to dredge to and one from which all 64 THE MINING RECORD. the gold can be recovered. Deeper tertiary gravel probably exists underneath this miocene rock for it is a sedimentary deposit, and if this is found it will probably prove extensive diggings. In conclusion I would state that we in Cariboo look forward to a prosperous era in gravel mining, especially in the case of the deeper mines which will operate the ancient channel systems of the country. These immense gravel deposits, often 600 and 800 feet in depth, will form a permanent and lasting industry in the country, even more so than quartz mines, and moreover these channel deposits when once fairly prospected can be depended upon to carry their values. We believe that the more rugged and rougher portions of the country will prove to be a good quartz countrj', and that valuable deposits will be discovered there in the near future. HYDRAULIC MINING IN OMINECA DISTRICT DURING 1901. OPERATIONS during the year were chiefly of an exploratory or development character, the results achieved generally, however, proving eminently encouraging. The district also suffered in common with other placer mining regions of British Columbia from a scarcity of water. Very heavy rains fell during the early spring, but after the end of July the season was an exceptionally dry one, the early melting of the snows on the higher altitudes increasing the difficulties of the situation. On Manson and Germansen creeks and their tributaries operations were carried on by the 43rd Mining & Milling Co., of Ottawa, the Arctic Slope Hydraulic Co., of Victoria, and the St. Anthony Co., of Santa Barbara, California. The 43rd company's hydraulic elevator was removed early in July from Kildare gulch to Slate creek, a distance of about a mile, and prospecting at the latter spot was commenced. Good prospects were found on the surface, the values increasing as depth was attained. When work was suspended at the close of the season bed rock had not been reached, but the highly auriferous nature of the gravel in this locality has been sufficiently demonstrated to warrant the company's determination to install a large elevator plant on Slate creek next season. The 43rd company in addition to the operations on Slate, opened out a hydraulic claim on Manson creek, about a mile and a half below the town of Black Jack, during the season, but the ground was not sufficiently tested to admit of an adequate idea being arrived at concerning its value. The company has, however, now completed at a cost of probably nearly a quarter of a million dollars, the equipment of the properties, including a most extensive water-carrying system, and next year the undertaking should be upon a profit-earning basis. The St. Anthony Co., operating on Germansen creek, directed attention entirely during the season to prospecting and exploratory operations, the work consisting of hill-side drifting. In the " seventies " very rich diggings were discovered on this creek. Prospecting was also carried on by Mr. E. G. Tilton, on Manson and Lost creeks, a channel which evidently once formed the bed of Skeleton and Lost creeks having been encountered. The work this year was an endeavour to bottom a hole caused by an overflow of-rim rock. Heavy gpld was found at all depths, from near the surface to the bottom of the present 60-foot shaft. It is expected that the hole will be bottomed early next season and hydraulicing will also be started, the plant being now on the spot. Ground sluicing was also prosecuted on Lost creek this last summer by individual miners, and among the larger nuggets recovered, one was valued at $49. On another property, from which $105,800 was taken out twenty years ago, before pay gravel was exhausted, an effort is to be made during winter to locate the rich channel by drifting. Mr. Bertram W. Powell kindly sends us the following information of operations on the Vital and Tom creek section of the district :— This portion of British Columbia is comparatively little known. The great drawback to its being thoroughly developed is the lack of transportation facilities, the present mode of getting supplies into the country being most expensive and tedious, absolutely debarring the individual prospector from exploring what, I have every reason to believe, is one of the richest portions of British Columbia. Vital creek was one of the first streams upon which gold was discovered in the Omineca. The discovery was made by a Frenchman, after whom the creek was named, who was one of a party of prospectors sent out by the government. This was in the autumn of 1869. The usual excitement followed, and the spring of '70 saw a number of miners at work. The camp proved to be a very prosperous one, and a very large amount of gold was taken out in a remarkably short time. Mr. Eyra Evans, one of the " old timers," informed me that his claim paid steadily at the rate of fifty dollars a day to the man. At that period no ground was considered worth looking at that would not yield at the very least twenty dollars a day per man, and as the gravel gradually became deeper as the workings advanced up the creek, which rendered it more expensive to work, it is not surprising that the discovery of shallow diggings of great richness on Germansen creek, in the fall of '70, caused a general exodus of all the men on Vital to that place. The finding of Manson creek was the occasion of another stampede from Germansen. A considerable amount of gold was recovered from Manson and adjacent streams, but further exploration was rendered by the report of very rich finds in Cassiar district, and an exodus in that direction followed. Two or three miners remained, however, on Vital and for the next fifteen years are reported to have recovered from their operations gold to the value of from ten to fifteen thousand dollars a year. Tom's creek having been discovered in 1889, was again the cause of Vital being deserted. In 1894 a party of Chinamen settled on Vital and worked there for four years. They mined in the most primitive way, only removing a piece of ground 800 feet long, but out of which they secured some forty thousand dollars. Since that time about one and one-half miles of the creek have been acquired by an English syndicate who have been engaged in prospecting and carefully ascertaining the extent of auriferous gravel contained in their holding. The past season's work has produced the most satisfactory results, about one hundred and twenty yards of bed-rock gravel having been run through the sluices, and which showed a very handsome value per yard. Preparations were made for the installation of a hydraulic plant next year. The property is an almost ideal one for hydraulicing, as there is plenty of water obtainable at a small cost which can be brought onto the creek at an altitude of three hundred feet. The stream runs on such a steep grade that the question of dump becomes a very easy matter to arrange. The gold from the creek assayed in London $17.95 P^r ounce. Large quantities of arquerite and native copper are also found. THE MINING RECORD. 65 ~l/7c Ton a&assg Mining^in Omineca. i Miner's Cabin on Lost creek. 2. Workings on Lost and Manson creeks. 3. Blasting boulder clay on Blackjack creek. 4. Undershot Wheel on Germansen creek. 5. Monitor at work on Manson creek. 6. Tramway for transporting boulders. 7. A pit on Blackjack. 8. Hydraulic elevator and workings, Kildare Gulch. 9. Arctic Slope Co's flume. 10. Blasting and picking clay. 11. Rafting lumber on Manson. 66 THE MINING RECORD. TOM S CREEK. The Mayflower claim on this creek is the only one which is now being extensively worked—J as. J. May is the head of the company of five miners owning and mining the property. He is a reminder of " the days of old, the days of gold, the days of '49," in California, and since that time has been mining steadily in British Columbia. He has laboured under a great many difficulties on Tom creek, the claim being a hard one to work. It is situated on a very ancient channel, which turns into a hill. In order to drain this May & Co. have had to run a deep bed-rock cut from the present creek. It has cost them a great deal of time and money, but having unbounded faith in the claim they have stuck to it in spite of all obstacles. From what I saw of the property the indications are that next season will see them rewarded for their sacrifices. They were able to bottom the old channel last summer and commenced to " open up" the ground from their " cut" and altho' their line of sluices was set twenty feet above their shovelling pit, a feature which necessitated first throwing the dirt onto a platform and from there into the boxes, they informed me that the ground was averaging $350.00 to ten feet. Now that they have been able to get the ground opened their work next year will be greatly simplified. If gravel will pay by working in this slow and expensive method. What would it not yield if a modern plant were installed ? Last fall a party of us went on a prospecting trip across to the Osalinca river, which lies about one hundred miles north of Vital creek. This part of the district is unexplored. We found a magnificent game country which would be a perfect paradise for the miner should diggings of value be discovered. We found countless creeks pouring their waters into the Osalinca. Two of these we tried pans on and got excellent prospects of very coarse gold. We were unable to stay longer owing to the food running short, but were greatly impressed with the evidences of mineral deposits appearing on every side. When the question of transportation becomes so arranged that the individual prospector can afford to roam about without starvation staring him in the face, I am positive this portion of the country will prove as satisfactory as any of British Columbia's mining camps, both in quartz and placer mining. But until a railroad is built into the north, the rich mineral belt striking northwest from the Omineca—the extensive coal measures of the Telqua, not to mention the magnificent farming lands of the Buckley and Ne- charco valleys—must lie dormant. THE YEAR'S MINING IN KAMLOOPS AND YALE. By John Redman, (Queen's Prizeman Geology). THIS district being at present one of prospects rather than of mines, has naturally been seriously affected by the prevailing financial depression. The list of hopeful prospects previously worked and closed down during the last eighteen months is unfortunately a lengthy one. There are, however, two enterprises in the immediate vicinity of Kamloops, which have been vigorously and ably exploited during the year. These are : The Iron Mask mine and the North Thompson gold dredging undertaking. To the first named must be accorded foremost place as a successful venture. For several years past a promising but much- abused prospect, the property was purchased by the B. C. Exploration Syndicate for $40,000, some eighteen months ago. Systematic development work was at once initiated under the direction of the company's engineer, Mr. J. Argall. Extensive buildings have been erected, and the mine has been also equipped with a large gasoline hoisting engine and a powerful steam pump. The shaft has now been sunk to the depth of 350 feet, and development work is being conducted at the various levels. The vein is 40 feet wide with bands of 3 to 4 feet of high-grade ore on both walls. The first shipment of 60 tons was made to the Granby smelter some four months ago and occasional shipments have also since been made. . The ore thus raised was taken out in the progress of development work from the high-grade bands. As to values the smelter returns gave 15 of copper with small gold and silver contents aggregating about $4.00 a ton. The ore is also self- fluxing and therefore in considerable demand by smelting- works. The mine is situated about two and one- half miles to the south of the Thompson river and C. P. R. track, and a site has been purchased from which shipments will be made and also for the purposes of a probable future location of reduction works. The company intend to install an serial tram in the near future from the mine to this site, when regular production will be inaugurated upon an important scale. Almost all other Coal Hill undertakings are at a standstill. The Python and Pothook are closed down, also the Kimberley mine. This latter has been the subject of much misrepresentation. Purchased last year by an eastern company, some 200 feet of work was carried on, according to reports on the ore body. Conflicting accounts reaching the company, which appeared to be acting in perfect good faith, the manager was relieved and Mr. W. H. Fowler, one of the original owners, was appointed in his place just before the annual meeting. Mr. Fowler had merely time to thoroughly sample the new workings and report to the meeting. This sampling proved, however, that instead of having developed a large body of shipping grade ore, as expected, the development work had but passed through slightly mineralised country rock. The shareholders meanwhile refused to believe that they had been deceived, or to accept Mr. Fowler's conclusions and his services also were dispensed "with. Subsequent investigation, however, satisfied the directors that Mr. Fowler's report was trustworthy, although work on new lines, later, disclosed a low-grade ore body, no ore of shipping grade being discovered. The property has been closed down and has not been operated for nine months past. I give these facts of the case here as paragraphs have lately appeared in the press of a misleading character, probably with a view to a resuscitation of the mine and the extracting ot money from the pockets of the confiding eastern public. A further effort to work the Copper King mine with the aid of local capital appeared for a time to promise success, but this attempt also failed. In addition to the usual assessment work on a large number of prospects, a contract has been let for a limited amount of development work on the Chieftain group, recently acquired by a company in process of formation. Not much is known of the promoters of this enterprise, but some good ore has been encountered. The gold dredger on the North Thompson river at Jamieson creek, was completed during the summer and operations were conducted until the close of November when work was suspended for the winter months. The work here was prosecuted under the direction of THE MINING RECORD. 67 Mr. F.J. L. Tytler, C.E., and was chiefly confined to testing the ground. As the tests are incomplete no authoritative statements can yet be made as to the possibilities of gold dredging on the river. Experiments were carried on at two spots only, at the first results were disappointing; at the second encouraging. On the whole it is believed that the dredge will yield good returns if the fine gold associated with the black sand can be economically recovered. It is proposed to try a treatment of the black sand w'ith cyanide next spring. Whatever the outcome is, failure at least will not be due to ignorant or incapable management for the undertaking has been most skillfully directed from the start. Here again many utterly untrue and unreliable reports have been assiduously circulated and the public would do well to disbelieve all accounts of wonderful returns obtained during so many hours dredging, unless properties have been financed from England there has been very little investment in this direction by Canadians. The Carthage, Fog Horn, Shiloh, Union Jack and Bayonne properties have all undergone considerable development during the year under American auspices, while of the producing mines the Canadian King and Second Relief are managed from Spokane, the Ymir and Arlington are British undertakings, and the Yellowstone and Fern are Canadian. The production of this mine during 1901 will total some 65,000 tons of ore, treated by the 80-stamp mill at a net profit of about $275,000. ymir The new cyanide plant, the installa- mine. tion of which is now nearing comple tion, will effect a saving of about $1 a ton, and consequently next year's profits will be increased to this extent. In the development at the mine Vanner Room, Ymir Mine. these are guaranteed by the only responsible authority, the manager of the enterprise. At Sicamous a promising property has been operated during the entire summer but there have been no important developments. Other claims in the same district are also being worked. In the Nicola, Stump Lake and Aspen Grove districts many promising ore bodies carrying good values are awaiting exploitation, which will inevitably follow the construction of the Coast-Kootenay railway. YMIR DISTRICT IN 1901. By Percy J. Glbazer. A SIGNIFICANT feature of the progress made in Ymir district during the past year, is the large amount of outside capital which has been invested, and the number of properties which have been incorporated. The greater part of this new capital has been derived from American sources, and while a few the .chief feature of interest has been the cutting through of a rich body of ore on the No. 4 level. This chute is reported to extend across twenty-six feet, the whole width of the ledge, and to average $40.00 a ton. None of it has as yet been included in the output, nor will it .become a factor in production until connection has been made between the shaft and the adit tunnel on the 1,000-foot level. The shaft is now down 800 feet, and the tunnel in 1,800 feet with 300 feet farther to go, so that the connection may be expected in about two weeks time. At the lowest depth in the shaft the vein is officially reported to be even stronger and more compact than in the upper levels and the values to be well maintained. During the year the Kenneth Co., formerly operating this property, went into liquidation and a company1 called the Tamarac Mines, Ltd., was tamarac formed the bonds being issuedto the mines. Kenneth shareholders with a liability of ten cents, of which four cents have been called up. An aerial tramway has been construct- "68 THE MINING RECORD. ed a distance of 3,000 feet, connecting the mine with the railroad, and some 150 tons of ore have been shipped to the reduction works at Silica, chiefly for experimental purposes. The ore was found to average $11 and to be susceptible to profitable treatment by the cyanide process. During the year the following mines have produced ore : Ymir, Yellowstone, Wilcox, Arlington, Fern, Tamarac and Spotted Horse. The total production aggregating, approximately, 80,000 tons. Most of the ore produced has been treated in local mills, the following being the average monthly production : Stamps. Tons. Ymir 80 6,000 Yellowstone .. 10 750 Fern IO 750 Arlington 1,000 8,500 The Tamarac, Wilcox and Spotted Horse have shipped ore direct to the smelters, while the 10-stamp mill at the Second Relief mine only came into operation during the last month of the year. The Dundee mine has been inactive during the year. Following an examination by Mr. Bernard Macdonald, recently manager of the Le Roi mine, however, instructions have been given for the unwatering of the mine, indicating that negotiatious are in progress for the resumption of operations. For the first six months of the year this property, the stock of which is chiefly held in Victoria, remained idle. Subsequently, however, a lease of the fern mine and mill was given to Mr. P. J. mine. Nichols, a practical miner of large ex perience, who has put the property in good condition, and is treating the ore at considerable profit. Work was formerly abandoned in consequence of the ore body faulting and it is only during the past few weeks that Mr. Nichols has succeeded in refinding the ore, which is said to be richer than at any previous period. A remarkable showing of rich ore has been obtained on the Fourth of July portion of the Wilcox mine. In the winze on this claim two feet of clear steel galena ore have been uncovered, averaging $92.00 a ton. A quantity has already been shipped to Northport and more is now being sacked for shipment. The Fog Horn property has been developed from a mere prospect to a promising mine during the year. Two long tunnels have been run 500 and 200 feet, respectively, the former being a crosscut and the latter following a vein of rich ore, from which shipments will be made during the present winter. The crosscut tunnel encountered the vein at a distance of 250 feet, and the drifting is now being done along the vein to get below the good ore exposed on the surface at the shaft. The 10-stamp mill on the Yellowstone mine has been in operation throughout the year, although as the property is owried by a close corporation details of the development and output are not avail- other able. The British group of claims, mines. traversed by a vein of very rich free- milling ore was only discovered two months ago, in the neighbourhood of the Yellowstone mine. It has, however, already been bonded to the London & B. C. Goldfields, Ltd., for $35,000, which company is now developing the property. The 50-ton concentrator at the Arlington mine was completed in August last, since which date rich concentrates have been regularly shipped. The 10-stamp mill on the Second Relief was completed during December. Mean while the active development operations in progress during the year are being continued. The Chicago National Development Co., of Chicago, have bonded the Carthage claim which is adjacent to the Ymir mine and is supposed to be the a continuation of the latter vein. Two carthage. tunnels have been run 250 and 150 feet respectively, theTormer disclosing two feet of excellent ore very similar to that of the Ymir. The Active Gold Mining Co., promoted by Cincinnati capitalists has just been formed to operate the Union Jack property, situated on Porcupine creek about six miles from the town of Ymir ; recently the resumption of development operations are promising and a large vein of free-milling ore was encountered with a full complement of miners. The Bayonne, a promising claim, was recently bonded for $20,000 by Mr. A. L. Davenport, of Spokane. The first payment of $2,000 was made in December. RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN DISTRICT. THE FERGUSON . By A. H. Holdich, R.S.M., Etc. IN this district the past 12 months has seen an enormous amount of development on the numberless claims, and many of them will undoubtedly prove extremely valuable in the near future. Still, the number of them that can be designated by the name of mines is very limited, even the Triune which has produced such rich ore can hardly be considered more than a very well developed prospect, though by this time next year it is quite likely that it may fairly be called a mine. The only other sufficiently developed properties are the Silver Cup and the Nettie L. both of which have been frequently referred to in these pages, and which are both in a position to ship regularly. The Silver Cup has not had its full complement of miners all through the year, and there have been some changes in the management, but just now it has a force of some 30 men and is preparing to increase the staff, having contracted to produce 1,000 tons of ore this winter. The Nettie L. also had a very small force during the summer, but is increasing the number now. The long lower tunnel is completed, and ore was struck in the far end ; the upraise to connect the lower and upper workings is now being made and is expected to be completed by the end of January, till which time there will be no great quantity of ore shipped. The Ophir-Lade group had a lot of work done upon it during the past season, and has proved to be wonderfully rich in gold ; which appears to exist partly free and partly as a telluride. This, with most other of the smaller properties, is closed down for the winter, though active operations will be resumed next season. Small as these beginnings are, there has been more ore shipped in small lots from the various claims than ever before, and the returns have always been satisfactory and occasionally highly so. Among the small shippers we may notice the Ophir-Lade, Ruffled Grouse, Horseshoe, and the Linson View, as being exceedingly satisfactory to their owners ; while many more will follow the example next year, when it is hoped the long promised railroad will reach the northwest end of Trout lake and greatly reduce transportation charges. In addition we are guaranteed a small smelting plant at once, (now being installed) and that, if successful, will be an immense benefit to small shippers. But if, on the other hand, it should turn out unsuitable for our THE MINING RECORD. 69 ores, it is to be feared that more harm than good may be the result by discouraging intending investors. However, it will be time enough to growl after it has failed, which we hope it won't, and great things are said of it in places where it has been tried. Altogether the outlook for Ferguson (which town has doubled in size during the past year) and for the district surrounding it is extremely favourable, not only from a mining view but on account of other industries to be established. THE NELSON DISTRICT. By Ronald C. Campbell-Johnston, M.I.M.M. •wrrHEN reviewing the progress made in mining dur- Tff ing the year there are several sides of the question to be considered. How has capital, invested in the district, been rewarded by dividends ? What development has been accomplished with a chance of dividends accruing in the near future ? How much Has our knowledge of the characteristics of the mineral-bearing veins advanced, so that we can follow Veins past faults and broken formation without needless* expenditure ? Where to look for fresh mineral with every chance of success ? Finally, have we got the adequate treatment to save the values contained in our .ores ? In answering these questions by exhibiting our mistakes, \f any, and by relating our experiences gained, we can then give capitalists an unbiased view of the district, and tell them what great profits are awaiting them if they will take a hand in developing it. Let us begin with the mines on Toad mountain where the Silver King has now demonstrated how to search for the gold and silver-bearing copper ores there. The splendid outcrops of ore originally on the surface were in a quartz gangue as veins frozen to the country rock without selvage. As in all mining the copper ore lies in chutes, those on the surface in time at depth narrowed down, and left the problem of discovering the indicator that would lead to the next chute. In a new district it takes time and much money (therefore the necessity of ample working capital) to learn the peculiarities ot the vein formations. Crosscutting here led to the discovery of another kind of ore occurrence, namely, an altered zone of mineralised rock. The manager, seeing at Rossland close at hand that this was the occurrence of the ore, naturally jumped to the conclusion that Toad mountain was similar. Later it proved, however, they had been on the wrong scent, since crosscutting for veins has shown that quartz is the matrix of the ore bodies, and also down to the 1,000-foot level in that mine that the values of the ore are as rich as ever, and have every appearance of pertinacity in depth, since the deep-level companies, such as the Dandy and others, show these values many thousand feet deeper. We have learnt therefore about Toad mountain, and capital need now no longer hesitate to develop the many surrounding groups. ; . Next must be considered Morning mountain with its gold-bearing ores. Running east and west to Sandy creek is a wide zone of green igneous rocks, with granite again coming in on the north. Along this contact lies the Robin Hood, California, Exchequer, Athabasca, Venus and others. As higher-level mines in the green rock's are the Juno, Birdseye, Thorn and others. As lower-level mines in the granite are the Royston, etc. Thb Athabasca has borne the brunt of development and expense in learning the features of the veins. AM have proved that the veins in the green rocks carry high-grade chutes of ore, though on occasions faulting. The indicator where to pick up the vein is. known, however, and so no anxiety is now felt about faults. When the veins dipped into the granite at the contact they held their values, but at the Athabasca as they go deeper down in the granite, a poorer zone of values came in with every indication, however, from other mines of becoming rich again with more development. As there are northerly and southerly veins intersecting the easterly and westerly veins, it is no dream of the far future to predict tunnels from near the Kootenay going along the southern veins to cut at great depths the eastern veins which dip north, and make Morning mountain a most prosperous camp in the near future. Sandy creek has had considerable surface stripping accomplished, exposing large quartz veins dipping west towards the creek, and bearing out the Australian rule "own a vein with the hill and not against the hill." Eagle creek has been actively developed in the Poor- man mine, though why the Poorman was favoured in preference to the Granite is still a conundrum, since both mines have equal merits, and equal demerits from expense in sinking. The veins carry rich chutes of ore but in places narrow to a foot wide. Machine drills were put into the stopes, so that often twice as much country rock as ore was treated. One would not on the face of it consider this an economical proceeding, especially as the Athabasca emphatically proved the opposite. The Eureka on this creek is showing up fine chutes of ore. The Royal Canadian underwent a hard experience. In development country rock, dyke and ore were heaped together awaiting assay returns. The new management carted this miscellaneous stuff to the mill as a trial test of the mine, instead of sampling the mine, and only milling the chutes of ore. The opinion formed of the mine under these circumstances could hardly have been a correct one. The Majestic and Paradise are looking wtll under development. On Forty-nine creek large bodies of low-grade ore, with chutes of high values in them, have been opened up, pointing to large plants presently. Here also Mon- ahan is opening up a prospect, typical of others, at intervals along the south bank of the Kootenay river, that is, wide veins of heavily mineralised vein matter carrying auriferous iron pyrites and native copper in seams in the veins. Bird and Rover creeks have received some attention, showing wide veins with rich chutes, of ore, but much more has to be learned yet. From Rover till we come to Champion creek not much is known, though on the latter mines are being opened up and a mill has been erected, with good reports of the values. Coming east now, back to Nelson, along the north bank of the Kootenay river, here are as good surface copper showings as Rossland and Boundary ever had in their infancy. The old saying, " farthest pastures are always greenest," holds good here. This was too near to Nelson, the original starting point for prospectors. No one who examines this part can doubt that it will soon open out as large a copper camp as any in the Kooter/ays or Yale. We must now follow south along the railway. At Hall creek the Fern is opening up good ore, and milling it without a good reduction officer, with the usual results. There is a good mineral belt here stretching west, with little development accomplished. On the east of the railway prospectors are opening up Whaleback mountain. On Barrett creek the Porto Rico lies idle with the same fault cutting off all three levels, but which veins can be easily picked up again by one with local experience. The Spotted Horse has opened up a showing, and shipped very rich gold ore to the smelter. At Erie, on the North Fork of the Salmon river, mining is brisk at the Arlington and Keystone. The Second Relief has large stopes of good grade ore blocked out, and have erected a plant to treat it. There is a radius of good mineral country here waiting development. At Salmo the Yellowstone mine needs more work to open up chutes of rich ores. From surface showings on adjoining claims, and in the vicinity on Birtsch's new THE MINING RECORD. profits from their big plant by treating rich and poor ore alii-e as it comes. There is every encouragement here for capital to come in and open up the many veins exposed in this district. The Dundee, Tamarac and others are reported to be progress ing in their development and arrangements for The Nelson district is so laVge that mention cannot be made of all the steady development going on at many properties, but sufficient has been said to show that mineral of paying values and in great quantities j#*! A Pioneer Photo by Muirhead Bros. exist here, are more than holding their own against other mining camps of the world. Experience from success daily shows the necessity of employing'qualified mining engineers as managers, instead of mining experts. From all these recitals it is evident that the district is progressing, though not as fast as we could wish, this being an off year everywhere for mining capital. The treatment of the ores, outside of smelting, though when the complete plants are finished we can tell definitely, is not an accomplished fact in saving (90) ninety per cent, of the values. Capital, comparing this district with others elsewhere, cannot but see that the values are here and in quantity. RECENT OPERATIONS IN THE ATLIN DISTRICT. By Mostyn Williams. OPERATIONS in this district during 1898 and 1899 were entirely confined to placer mining. The prospects of 1898 were the cause of an influx of population during the season of 1899, amounting to probably 6,000 men. Successful operations were conducted on the following creeks, viz.: Pine and Spruce creeks, including Willow, Otter, Boulder, Birch and McKee. The app r o x i m a t e value of the gold won by hand during 1899, amounted to $800,- 000. Notwithstanding, however, this encouraging return, opinion was divided as to the value of the district as a placer mining field, and i n consequence several hundred men left the district. The result of the first influx however, caused to be prospected a great many creeks in a limited area and the opportunities for profi table hydraulicing were indicated. During the latter part of the season of 1899 large tracts of land adjoining the principal creeks were staked and hydraulic leases applied for in the spring of 1900. Five companies were employed in active construe tion and equipment of hydraulic plants. These companies were : the Pendugurg syndicate, on Wright creek; the Societe Minere, on Boulder creek ; the Atlin Lake Co., Ltd., on Birch creek ; the Willow Mining Co., on Willow creek, and the Sunrise Co., on Pine creek. PENDUGURG SYNDICATE, WRIGHT CREEK. This property, distant about 18 miles from Atlin comprises some 13 hydraulic leases. Operations ,have been conducted about a mile below the area successfully worked by the placer miners. During the period under review, general construction and equipment consisted of the building of a water-supply flume one mile in length, with pressure box and pipe line attached. Also ■»'** Atlin Miner. THE MINING RECORD. 71 the preliminary boxes of a bed-rock flume. Operations commenced about the middle of July. During August owing to lack of water, great difficulty was experienced ih passing debris through the flume, and the failure to find pay caused an early stoppage of work. Operations fluring 1901 were conducted several hundred feet below the previous season's workings. Bed rock was finally reached after trenching several hundred feet, with the the same results. One is forced, on viewing the above Operations, to the following conclusion : that the property has no natural facilities for the successful working by hydraulics, i. e., the property has neither water grade nor dump. ( The facilities of the upper part of the creek in the vicinity of Discovery are infinitely superior, and had the same effort and capital been devoted to this area the results would have been widely different. THE SOCIETE MINERE, BOULDER CREEK. This property consists of several hydraulic leases and a few 100-foot placer claims. Distant from Atlin 16 weeks to complete. The end of next season should see this company in a good position. In conclusion, in the writer's opinion, this creek has better facilities for hydraulic mining than any other tributary to the Pine Creek valley. Above the company's works the miners have operated the two past seasons with the result that this season the undertaking ranks first in point of gold production in the dist. ict. The benches have only lately been prospected and are known to contain good pay. This, if widely distributed, will increase the life of the creek by many years. ATLIN LAKE CO., LTD., BIRCH CREEK. This company obtained its foothold in 1899 by the purchase of Discovery claim and 14 claims above. The sum of $1,500 was expended in building a waggon road four miles in length, in the erection of a camp and the construction of a small bed-rock flume. Bed rock was struck at a depth of 14 feet and uncovered for a length of 40 feet. The results obtained here and the average results known to have been previously obtain- Placer Mining, McKee Creek, Atlin, B. C. miles and connected by waggon road. Construction and equipment were carried on simultaneously here and at Wright creek. The construction of the water-supply flume was considerably shorter on account of the greater fall of the creek. Operations commenced on or about July ioth and continued until the beginning of October. During 1901 operations were commenced early in June. Owing to extreme high water the works were flooded. This caused a temporary suspension of operations, it was then decided to start lower down the creek and in its present bed. This was undoubtedly a wiser course as it enabled the bed-rock flume to gain a greater depth with less loss of ground. Bed rock was eventually struck late in the season at a depth of 45 feet from the surface, disclosing good pay. Owing to the lateness of the season no further development was possible. In summing up the position it maybe said that beyond opening up a large pit from the head of the bed-rock flume, the final conclusion of dead work is in view. This, during the ensuing season, will take probably six ed by the miners working on the creek induced the company to acquire more land. During the spring of 1900 machinery was shipped to Atlin over the ice and successfully landed on Birch creek. Construction and equipment operations began on May 4th and were completed by June 1st. Ten days'hydraulicing revealed the fact that there was deeper ground than had been estimated. The pay ground was temporarily abandoned as it was necessary for the sake of future operations to establish the flume on the deepest channel of the creek. Mining was suspended from July 12th to Aug. 12th, to admit of the construction of a conserving dam. Trenching after this was steadily pushed forward until October 6th and bed rock was uncovered at a depth of 30 feet. During 1901, in consequence of the backwardness of the season, the start was not made as early as anticipated and on account of the great depth of ground in front of the bed-rock flume the progress of opening out a large pit was necessarily slow, the accomplishment of this work consuming the whole of the spring 72 THE MINING RECORD. flood or freshet. The establishment of the bed-rock flume in the rock and the opening out of the pit from rim to rim finally completed the dead work. During the latter part of the season the bed rock in the face rose rapidly and by the end of the season the greatest depth attained was 15 feet and the average 14 feet. Returns from the present face yielded 85 cent per yard. The property is now in a position to produce during the coming season. The only drawback is the want of water after July. There is sufficient water, however, under the present conditions to work out several claims annually at handsome profits, but should operations on a larger scale be contemplated, it would be necessary to insure a greater and more constant water supply. WILLOW MINING CO., WILLOW CREEK. Willow creek is situated a short distance above Discovery. It is in reality a dry gulch parallelling Pine creek. The property consists of several 100-foot claims township on the north side of Pine creek. With this object in view a wing dam was constructed at the falls for protecting a bed - rock flume. A ditch was also constructed beginning at a point three miles below Surprise lake, and thence a short distance above Discovery city. At this point the company decided to abandon the idea af hydraulicing Ground gulch and decided to conduct their operations on Pine creek in the vicinity of Discovery. For this purpose a system of pipe lines was laid with the object of working out benches on the principle of lays or tribute. The construction of a smaller ditch on the south side of Pine and the hydraulicing of a bench claim on the north side of Pine concluded the company's operations for last year. During 1901 operations were confined to the working out of individual bench claims with the eventual purchase of further property and the selling of water to the individual. The water supply and equipment were sufficient to carry out operations on a large scale, Scows Leaving Athn for Dawson. purchased by the company. The water supply was obtained from the Miners' company operative ditch, constructed during 1899, with a small additional supply obtained from a lake in the vicinity. A bed-rock flume has been constructed, with its outlet into Pine creek. The probable extent of bed rock cleaned during this season would not exceed three full claims. Operations during 1901 were carried on under extreme difficulties owing to the want of proper dumping facilities, and also on account of constant disputes with claim owners above No. 2 below. The property cannot be strictly termed hydraulic ground although pressure to a limited extent is employed. The methods of working are more in the nature of ground sluicing. This company, up to date, has produced more gold than any other in the district. The want of dumpage ground is, however, a serious drawback to the successful operation of the undertaking and means an increase in production costs. The Sunrise company originally proposed to hydraulic Ground gulch, a dry gulch situated below Discovery but the lack of grade and dumpage and also constant disputes with other operators seriously interfered with the steady continuance of work, and operations were suspended before the end of the season. It is recognised that there is only one method by which Pine creek can be operated successfully, and that is by the construction of a bed-rock flume starting at the falls. The main expense of such work would be the tunnelling or cutting down of these falls for the purpose of obtaining a five per cent, grade, the present grade being inadequate. The present operations of the Sunrise company can be looked upon as valuable from the point of view that they are accurately prospecting and demonstrating the value of the benches on Pine creek. SPRUCE-BLUE CANYON, I9OO TO I9OI. A small mining partnership through their operations have successfully demonstrated values here. Dead work and construction represent an expenditure ot some $10,000. A nugget valued at $600 was discovered dur- THE MINING RECORD. 73 ing the season. This property is not regarded by its owners as hydraulic but workable by ground sluicing. COLUMBIA HYDRAULIC, I90I. The property is situated above Discovery. The company have constructed a large water-supply flume, ditch and pressure box with pipe line in position. It was expected that the bed-rock flume would be established a month before the end of the season, owing to a sudden dip in rock this was not possible. The facilities for the working of the property are the best on the creek. The prospected values are high. A large investment was made below Discovery during the latter part of the season. Many claims were purchased and bonded including the water right ; construction work will be commenced this season. ATLIN LAKE. MINING COMPANY, M'KEE CREEK. This creek has been one of the best producers in the district. During the latter part of 1900 the Atlin Lake Mining company purchased several claims, including Discovery. Machinery and lumber were hauled and delivered on the creek during the following spring. Construction was similar to that on the other tributaries of Pine creek. Hydraulicing commenced in earnest during the early part of July and on account of the extreme shallowness of the ground the monitor was utilised in driving the gravel directly into the bed-rock flume. Several claims were exhausted with, however, disappointing results. The reason for this is obvious. Shallow ground not exceeding five feet, and averaging three feet, would have been worked out by the individual miner during the proceeding seasons if the ground had warranted work, but the portions operated by the company had been thoroughly prospected during the proceeding season of '99 and 1900. McKee creek is undoubtedly one of the most valuable assets of the Atlin district, but the best values so far obtained have been won many hundreds of feet above the present operations. The local opinion as regards the results obtained by the Atlin Mining company is that the returns so far obtained cannot be regarded as a criterion of the value of the ground in the vicinity. Below the Atlin Mining company's property a certain amount of construction has taken place on another property. As, however, the water throughout the season is inadequate for the purposes of the first-named undertaking, it is difficult to foresee how the second enterprise can be profitably undertaken. The adaptability of McKee creek for hydraulic mining is excellent. In regard to water grade and dump the facilities are similar to those on Boulder creek. QUARTZ MINING. Quartz mining prospects, having regard to free-milling ores only, are promising. But so far exploitation has been limited to the work done by the Nimrod syndicate. The operations of this company in the district have caused great dissatisfaction and are not considered final or conclusive. Well-defined bodies of copper ore have been located but it is obvious that no refractory ore can be mined at a profit under present conditions. Taken as a whole the total area of the gold-bearing creeks is not large, and unless further discoveries are made there is hardly room for more operations in the district. The presence of gold in paying quantities has been abundantly proved. The facilities for hydraulic mining in nearly all cases are excellent, the inadequate water supply alone excepted. The only creek which is abundantly supplied during the whole season is Pine but in all the tributaries, including McKee, the flow of water is very scanty towards the end of the season. There is, however, an abundance of water during more than half the season whilst the freshets are in motion, but after this period the water steadily lowers. Although this is a serious matter for the future it is not by any means insurmountable, and will not alter materially the present systems on the tributaries unless operations on a larger scale are undertaken. COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. WHITEWATER MINES. reneral meeting of the Whitewater Mines,'Limited, in London, on December 9th, Mr. H. W. Forster, THE annual was held M.P., (chairman of the company), presiding. The Secretary (Mr. E, R. Tasman) having read the notice convening the meeting and also the auditors' report. The Chairman said : I will first deal with the accounts, and the principal item I am sure you will recognise is the item of profit for the year. This profit appears at £3,939 8s. 8d., of which the dividend declared on December n last absorbed £3,125, leaving a balance of £814 8s. 86, to be carried forward. It is only right that I should explain to you that this profit was arrived at after treating the accounts in the most drastic manner ; for not only does this profit represent the revenue for only ten months, but it is arrived at after deducting from the year's work £2,623 5s . iod. brought forward from the development account of the previous year, charging the whole of the costs of development for 1900 (less £1,000 carried forward), amounting to £3,987, and depreciation amounting to £701 is. id. In other words the operating profit for the year 1900 has been debited in the accounts before you with a total amount of £7,221 6s. 1 id., after whkh deduction a profit of .£3,939 8s. 8d. still remains. From this explanation you will see that the work done during 1900 was considerably more profitable than the acounts now before you would seem to show. The amount expended upon development— that is lo say, in driving tunnels for opening up further ore reserves and other work of a similar character—amounted during the year to £4,897, the advantage of which is explained by their being, at the end of 1900, 40,500 tons of ore opened up, which Mr. Fowler (our engineer) estimates at a gross.value of over £50,000. Against this large value in ore reserves only £1,000 has been carried forward, and here again I am sure you must agree with me that the accounts have been treated in the most conservative possible manner. The general expenditure in British Columbia may appear to be somewhat high ; but upon investigation you will find that this is really not the case, as under the item of management, office and engineering expenses are included the salaries of the mining superintendent and his clerk. The other items under this head need no further comment from me, they being for the most part payments over which we have no control. The amount of general expenditure in London cannot be considered high, and were it not that your directors are in a position to deal with such matters themselves this item would have to be swelled to the extent of the cost of employing engineers to advise them at this end. I may explain to you that the Whitewater vein is one which varies considerably in value, consisting as it does of bodies of high-grade ore embedded in other ore of a lower grade, and consequently the future of the mine depends upon the proportion in which the high-grade bodies of ore stand to the poorer quality around it. From Mr. Fowler's report you will notice the remarkable fact, that although the average gross value of the ore mined and treated last year was only $6.68 per ton, a profit of nearly 67 cents per ton was derived from it. This will show you how economically the mine is being worked, and the immense possibilities which would arise from any increase in the value of the ore, as the expense of attending the mining and treatment of the low-grade ore is practically the same as it would be for the higher- grade material. Mr. Fowler's figures explain that the cost of mining .and treating the ore has been reduced to a minimum, and I can assure you that your directors have been careful to institute economies in every possible quarter, and with this in view I may say that out patrons, the London and British Columbia Goldfields, Limited, are assisting us in every way. At the end of last year your directors had hope that the mine had entered on a dividend-paying basis, with every prospect of its continuance. It was therefore with considerable consternation that we were met with the decision of the American smelter people to cease taking lead ores from British Columbia except upon exorbitant terms. We thought, however, that this condition of things would be of short duration, and consequently,, continued full operations at the mine and mill until March last, when the mill was shut down and work confined to development only. In April all hands were discharged except the small force necessary for keeping the workings in good order, and it was not until July last that we succeeded in making terms with a local smelter for the treatment of our ore, which terms Mr. Fowler describes as more favourable than those we had been having from the American smelter. Operations were continued with one shaft until August, since when full operations have been resumed. I think also 74 THE MINING RECORD that we may look forward to considerable improvement in the smelting position, in the first place owing to the liberal action of the Dominion Government in granting a subsidy upon lead locally refined, and secondly, from the competitions of local smelters with those of the United States which is likely to follow. In fact, we understand that a local refinery will before long be established at Nelson, which place is no great distance frotn our mine. Our difficulty has been that there was practically no demand for the ore such as Whitewater Mine produced in Canada itself. Almost all the ore from our part of British Columbia has had to go to the United States, and we have had to take what terms ths American smelter could give us. We hope, however, that the outcome of the establishment of a local smelter and refinery I have referred to will be to promote competition and to offer a ready market for our productions. ' Before I conclude I feel I must refer to the heavy slump in the price of lead and the somewhat smaller drop in the price of silver which have occurred since last I met you. Had this not b en the case, I feel sure it would have been within my power to have spoken to-day in a far brighter manner than, under the circumstances, I am able to do. You must not, however, attach too much importance to this slump in prices, because I am hopeful — and many are agreed with me — that bottom prices have been reached, and that they may take an upward turn. As we are to-day earning profits at the mine, notwithstanding the low price of our products, it will require but a very small rise in the price of lead to produce a marked improvement in our position. It is also quite on the cards that in working the reef between the tunnels we shall encounter larger blocks of the higher-grade ore than has recently been met with, which again would tend to increase our profit. With this in view, I do not think we need dispair. Adverse circumstances have given us soms ugly knocks ; but they have not ruined our mine. The mine is there thoroughly equipped with efficient, up-to-date plant, and we only want a slight stroke of luck so to improve matters as to altogether alter the aspect of affairs. Our capital is not large, the administration is efficient and economical, and therefore, although our past has been somewhat clouded, we have a much brighter future before us. I might say that the result of operations during September, which was the first month's work after the resumption, produced no profit, which was mainly due to the expenses for that month having to be debited with certain heavy insurance charges and taxes. The work during October gave a profit of $2,000, which, although small, is, I think, a sign of general improvement. I wish I could have given you a more encouraging account of the mine ; but I can honestly say that I believe there is no reason why we should despair as to the future. I now beg to move : "That the report of the directors and the statement of accounts to December 31, 1900, now submitted to the meeting, be, and the same are hereby adopted." Mr. Oliver Wethered, who has recently returned from a visit of inspection to the company's property in British Columbia, in seconding the resolution, gave an account of his recent visit to the mines. He said that the causes that had contributed to the present unsatisfact jry position were, first, that the lead ore had not been so good in value of late as it was at fir-t; secondly, the disorganisation caused by the strike; and thirdly, the difficulty with the smelter — the most serious ofall. But, as the chairman had said, this last difficulty was beine got over, and with the least advance in the price of the metals, he looked forward to an improvement in profits. The resolution was put and carried unanimously. Mr. H. W. Forster, M. P., and Mr. Oliver Wethered (the retiring directors) were re-elected, and Messrs. Monkhouse, Stoneham & Co., having been re-appointed auditors, a vote of thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings. CENTRE STAR MINING CO. The accounts for the year ended 30th September last, as submitted to the shareholders on the 26th ultimo, are as follows:— ASSETS. Centre Star Mine $3,300,540 00 Cash in Bank of Toronto, Toronto .... 10,603 90 Stores on hand as per inventory . ... 38,329 99 Machinery, buildings and equipment. .. 249,517 57 Furniture of offices 1,360 90 Invested in War Eagle hotel 12,500 00 Accounts receivable 1,531 25 $3,614,383 61 LIABILITIES. Capital stock $3,500,000 00 Bank of Toronto, Rossland 40,728 50 Accouuts payable 13,526 33 Profit and loss 60.128 78 $3,614,383 61 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. Dr. To Balance brought forward $182,122 10 " Direct costs of mining and development M $258,349 23 To Fixed and general expenses, Aug. and Sept. (Mine closed) " Diamond drill prospecting " Extralateral litigation " Other legal expenses " Mine accidents " Consulting engineer's fees " Managing director's salary (3 yrs.).. " Travelling expenses " Interest and exchange " Auditors' fees " Toronto office expenses " Trail smelter examination " Sundry expenses " Amount written off for depreciation in plant, etc " Dividends, Nos. 2 to 6 " Balance carried forward $5,432 71 2,184 2& 7,685 30 2,290 49 925 59 1,850 00 7,503 00 239 19 588 70 154 00 1,128 93 2,670 79 753 60 22,019 54 5175,000 00 60,128 78 Cr. By Net Proceeds from ore sales $694,643 71 Less Provincial ore tax 13,889 92 " Transfer fees " Premium on capital stock sold in 1899 $3I3.772 26 235,128 78 $731,023 14 $680,753 79 269 35 50,000 00 $731,023 14 LE ROI MINING AND SMELTING COMPANY. The following is extracted from the report of Mr. R. J. Frecheville just issued on the Le Roi mine :— Acting under the instructions given me at the extraordinary meeting held at the end of last August, I have examined your mines and smelting works, and the manner in which your affairs have been conducted. On the 2nd November last I found it necessary in your interests to remove Mr. Bernard Macdonald from the position of general manager, and to undertake the duties of this position myself, pending the arrival of Mr. J. H. Mackenzie, whom I have appointed to manage your business. Mr. Mackenzie arrived here on the 26th November, and since then I have been posting him in the details of the undertaking. The many- complicated matters that required looking into and adjusting, together with the details of management, somewhat retarded my examination, so that I was unable to make a definite statement concerning your property until the 25th November last, when I sent you the cable which has already been published. Since the date of this cable Messrs. Price, Waterhouse & Co. have made further adjustments, resulting in the profit for the year ended 30th June, 1901, being reduced to $568,722.06. The data on which the above cable was based are given in the following report :— FINANCIAL POSITION. Messrs. Price, Waterhouse & Co., who have exhaustively examined the books at both mine and smelter, have to-day handed me the following statements in advance of their official report: Rossland, B.C., Dec. 4th. R. S. Frecheville, Esq., Managing Director, Le Roi Mining Co., Ltd. Dear Sir,—In accordance with your instructions, we have examined the books of the Le Roi Mining Company, Limited, at Rossland, B.C., for the period from the 15th February, 1899, to the 30th June, 1901, and after making certain adjustments of the book figures, we find the profits to have been as follows :— February 15, 1899, to June 30, 1900 $527,563 July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 568,722 $1,096,285 We find these profits to be represented on the Rossland books on June 30, 1901 by a surplus of assets over liabilities made up as follows : Plant, buildings and equipment :— Mine machinery and plant $188,378 Surface improvements at mine 89,026 Mine equipment 45>559 o , , $322,965 Smelter plant 130^986 Flora lime quarry 7,544 $461,495 Mine exploration and development 153 049 James Breen's interest in Northport smelter.... 300,000 La Fleur Comstock, etc,, property 50 000 Stock of ore at mine and smelter, and smelter product on hand and in transit $731,933 Less— Loans by Bank of Montreal secured on same. 616,290 115,643 Stores on hand at Northport smelter 57,367 THE MINING RECORD. 75 Debtors— Le Roi No. 2, Limited, cash advances Rossland Great Western Mines, Limited, cash advances Sundries Less- Sundry creditors for wages, taxes, etc. $76,881 41,769 67,170 $185,820 133.464 Cash in bank London office—cash remittance. 52,356 14-944 39.76o Less— Ore in dump on February 15, 1899, transferred from the London books to the Rossland books $1,244,604 H8,3I9 $1,096,285 We propose to explain our adjustments and to refer more particularly to the above figures in our detailed report. (Signed) Price, Waterhouse & Co. The following is an estimated statement of current assets and liabilities on November 30, 1901 :— Matte in transit, 27,000 lots at $14,000 $378,000 High-grade malte, 132,689 tons at $14,000 per 30 tons 61,920 Low-grade matte, 669,545 tons at $300 per ton 200,863 Calcined briquets, 85,000 tons at $300 per ton 25,500 Sows, 14,422 tons at $446.86 per ton 6,445 Bottoms and furnace receivers, say 10,000 Flue dust, 1 100 tons at $28.96 per ton 31,845 Ore stock at smelter, 23,766,355 tons at $7.00 per ton 166,365 Ore in dump at mine, 31,252 tons at $3.45 per ton 118,169 Less loans by Bank of Montreal secured on same $999.107 974.750 Stores on hand— At mine, say $50,000 At smelter, say 35>O0° General stores at smelter $47.969 24,357 Less amount owing on same Debtors— Le Roi No. 2, Limited Rossland Great Western Mines, Limited Sundries 34.109 13.869 98,860 Less creditors for wages, etc $62,047 17,450 16,724 $ 96,221 103,793 $7,572 Cash— $79,i°5 3,452 75,653 83,225 28,000 tons, of an average value of $9.31. Between the 5o>ft. and 700-ft. levels there are 44,800 tons, of an average value of $6.42. The above figures show that there are in sight on both veins 604,840 tons of mine ore of an average assay value of $10.26. The mine ore, after passing through the crusher on the headgear of the combination shaft, falls into receiving bins, and from these is fed automatically on to three steel endless conveying belts, each 100 ft. long, travelling at the rate of 45 ft. per minute before the sorters, who pick out the waste. A daily record is kept of the number of tons of waste trammed to dump. From these records it appears that 20 per cent, of waste is picked out from the ore hoisted. I had all the waste dumps carefully sampled, several bulk samples of about 40 tons each being taken and passed through the sampling mill. These samples showed the waste dumps at the combination shaft proceeding from the sorting tables now in use to assay on the average $5.32 per ton ; we have then :— 604,840 tons of mine ore at $10.35 Per ton- containing a gross value of $6,269,713 Less 120,968 tons of waste at $5.32, containing a gross value of 643,550 t>39,992 ORE RESERVES. Middle Vein—Quantity and Value of Ore Reserves—In the following estimates 10 cubic feet of ore in place are reckoned as equal to one ton. As no proper assay records have ever been kept, and as I found' all the information given me to be most misleading, I found it necessary in order to arrive at the quantity and value of the ore reserves, to prepare a complete set of assay plans. Owing to the wide vein and the hard character of the ground, it was not possible to take more than about fifteen samples per day. As nearly 700 samples were taken altogether, the arduous and lengthy nature of this work of sampling the mine will be apparent. Between the 300-foot level and surface the ore-bearing ground is all worked out, with the exception of three small blocks to the east of the old shaft, containing 21,540 tons, of an average assay value of $10.75, Between the 300-ft. and 450-ft. levels there is no pay ore left; where any ground is standing the values are practically nil. Between the 450-ft. and 500-ft. levels there are 57,740 tons, of an average assay value of $9.90. Between the 500-ft. and 600-ft. levels there are 27,440 tons, of an average assay value $12.92 ; where this ore stands the ground is so badly caved that it is questionable whether this ore can be mined. Between the 600-ft. and 700-ft. levels there are 113,980 tons, of an average value of $10.32. Between the 800-ft. and 900-ft. levels there are 96,000 tons, of an average value of $11 32 South vein — Between the 500-ft level and surface there are 483,872 tons shipped ore, containing $5,626,163 that is $11.75 per ton. The metallic contents per ton of this grade of ore are :—Gold, 0.35 oz.; silver, 0.6 oz., and copper 1.33 per cent. At the 900-ft. level, opposite the old shaft, a crosscut has been driven to the north for a distance of 870 ft., passing through the Josie claim into the No. I claim. This crosscut which cost $23.75 Per ft-, was driven for no other purpose than developing the Le Roi No. 2 ; nevertheless, the whole cost, amounting lo $24,662.50, has been paid by you. WORKING COSTS. Messrs. Price, Waterhouse & Co. make the total costs on this side for the year ended June 30, 1901, to be $10.72 per ton of ore, segregated as follows :— Stoping, hoisting, trimming, sorting and loading ore $0,487 Exploration 423 Depreciation— Mine equipment 080 Surface improvements 050 Mine machinery 106 Freight on ore to smelter Smelter expenses Interest and discount (on ore in yard) Depreciation 4,465 137 232 $4,14 510 Matte expenses— Sacking and crushing Freight on matte to refiners , Eastern representative Bank charges Refiners' toll and deductions 4,834 044 536 028 092 534 1.234 $10,724 The average gross value of the 202,582 tons of ore shipped to your smelting works at Northport during the same year was $13.16 per ton. The above working costs make the net profit on this $2 44 per ton, or $494,300 on the whole tonnage. The actual profit based on matte sold cannot be given, as together with your ores were smelte i about 26,000 tons of purchased ores and concentrates. The management has been most loose and extravagant. Great reductions can be made in the costs of both mining and smelting, especially the latter. Much useless extraneous expenditure can be cut off, the result being, I am of opinion- that in the future the total cost will not exceed $9.00 per ton. With the grade of ore you now have in. reserve this will leave a profit of $2.75 per ton. *#■»"•"• UNNECESSARY MACHINERY. At the combination shaft there is a fine Corliss engine, mountnd but not in use, and an electric generator unmounted. I was told by the late manager that they had been purchased lo hold as a club over the head of the West Kootenay Power and Light Company so as to prevent this company from increasing its rate for power and light. The cost of this machinery landed here was $5,300.94. It will never be required. The mine is drained of water by means of pumps driven by compressed air. These pumps work about eight hours a day only, the water being very light; nevertheless there arrived here about a month ago two magnificent electric pumps with the motors for driving them; their cost landed here is $7,278.52. This machinery was certainly not wanted, and what makes the matter worse is, that the dimensions of the pumps and fly-wheels do not admit of their being let down the shaft. If ever used they will have to be cut up into sections. Two skips were purchased for the old shaft ; they cost $1,619, and will never be used on your mine. Two cages were purchased for the combination shaft at a cost of $1,581, but their dimensions are unsuitable for the track. Evidently the appetite for purchasing machinery grows with feeding. THE SMELTER. The Northport Smelting Works are owned by the Northport Smelting and Refining Company, Ltd., an American organisation, with a 76 THE MINING RECORD nominal capital of $1,000,000, divided into shares of $1 each. The shares are all owned by your company. The metallurgical work has been very bad. By using a strong blast and a very high peicentage of coke the ore has been smelted, but at how much extra cost and at how great a loss in flue dust will never be known. Amongst the purchased ores smelted were 923.8 tons of concentrates from the Baker City Sampling Works, assaying 5.27 ozs. of gold per ton. These were often charged into the furnaces raw without briquetting, the result being that a large percentage of this valuable material has been carried by the strong blast through the condensing chambers, up the stack and scattered over the surrounding country. It appears, as Mr. Bela' Kadish, the late manager of the smelter, is the owner of the Baker Sampling Works and was thus in the position of buyer and seller at the same time, that the more concentrates were used the better it was for business. The new manager Mr. Oscar Szontagh, has already made many great improvements. He purchases no more contentrates, as he is able without using them to make matte of the grade in gold required by your contract with the American Smelting and Refining company. He has completely done away with the granulation and calcination of the low-grade matte ; this will very largely reduce the smelting cost, and to a great extent obviate the mechanical loss in handling and the loss in flue dust. The double-decked calcining furnace recently erected by Mr. Kadish at a cost, including building to cover it, of $27,355, will never be used on your ores. The consumption of coke has also been reduced, and with all this there has been no reduction in the quantity of ore put through the furnaces, as, with four running, over 800 tons a day are now being smelted. The coke used costs $10.00 a ton delivered at the works. When the Great Northern Railway company have completed their branch line now being built into the Crow's Nest coal fields, it is probable that you will be able to get coke at about $8 00 per ton. As about 200 tons a day are used this means a notable saving. (Note.—Mr. Miller, the Vice-President of the Great Northern fine, informs me that this branch will be ready for traffic by next April). the strike. I have carefully gone into the matter, interviewing all sorts and conditions of men, and am of opinion that the strike was mainly brought about by the injudicious and arbitrary action of Mr. Bela' Kadish, the late manager of your smelting works at Northport, where the strike first commenced. The strike at Rossland is a sympathetic one ordered by the Western Federation of Miners, which has its headquarters at Denver, Colorado, the Rossland Miners' Union being a branch of that organisation. The demand for an increase of 50 cents a day in the "muckers'" wages is simply a pretext. More "muckers" than are wanted can be got for $2.50 a day, which now is and always has been the rate of pay for this class of labour at Rossland. The miners who receive $3.50 a day have no grievances that I am aware of. As a matter of fact the strike was, according to the by-laws of the union itself, illegally called. The battle having once begun has to be fought out if you wish to have control over the working of your property. Any concession, no matter how slight, to the demands of the union would be hailed as a victory, and would be followed by still further demands. The rank and file of the Rossland Miners' Union would now gladly call off the strike, but they are powerless to do so, being under the control of professional agitators, who in their turn are ruled by the orders of the Western Federation of Miners, at Denver. As it is your mine and smelting works are being filled up with non-union men ; the smelting works have already got their full complement, and it will not be long before your mine will be in the same position. Naturally, at the first, many of the men were green hands, and work was carried on at a ■ great disadvantage, but this condition of affairs is improving daily, incompetent men are being weeded out and replaced by skilled miners. For the month of October, when work in the mine was restarted, the output was 9,837 tons, whilst for November it was 14,088 tons. I predict that, under the new management, your mine will soon be working up to its full capacity, and be at the same time vigorously developed. After the exhaustion of the existing ore reserves the future of the mine will mainly depend on the results to be obtained by development work on the middle vein. In this connection it is encouraging to note that the pay chute now being opened on the 9th level west of the combination shaft, has an average assay value of $15.75. No time will be lost in opening out the 1,050-ft. level and sinking the shaft for the next level, which will beat 1,200 feet. My investigation shows that there has been very great extravagance and looseness of management, resulting in unwarranted expenditure and high working costs ; also that under proper control your property would have paid dividends from the start. I leave here for London on the 7th inst., in the full conviction that I have placed your affairs in the hands of a thoroughly capable and conscientious manager, whose sole object it will be to conduct the operations at both mine and smelter for the best interests of the shareholders. thirty feet with good prospects. One side of the shaft is in pay gravel. This is the initial venture of a substantial Pittsburgh Co., which will probably launch out into more extensive operations next season. The Prince Mining Co , is drilling away in the Standard basin with most encouraging results. At the last report a big streak of copper ore was encountered in the easterly drift from the winze in No. 2 tunnel on the Standard. The face of the drift was all in ore. In the westerly there are two parallel veins, one four feet and one a foot wide, the latter carrying high silver values, 100 ounces to the ton, as well as 17 per cent, ccpper and a little gold. There is considerable ore on the dump. The mine beds located last summer at the head of End and Potlach creeks, by Golden parties, have attracted the attention of Revelstoke investors, who have formed a local syndicate and acquired an option on the claims. Work on these deposits w'll be actively prosecuted next season. The launch of the " Revelstoke " on January 8th, was an event of great importance to this place. She is owned by a local company and is a fine river boat, costing some $17,000. Her designer was Commodore Troup, of the C. P. Navigation company, and her boiler and engines were specially designed and built for the work on the swift water of the upper river. She will run from Revelstoke to Laporte, between 40 and 50 miles up the river and will bring the gold, silver-lead and copper properties on Laforme, Carnes and Downie creek, Keystone Mt. and Standard mines, within a few miles of easy communication with their base of supplies here. Besides this all the rich placer ground about Death rapids, on Smith creek, French creek and other tributaries of the Columbia will be brought within from 15 to 25 miles of cheap transportation, while the district beyond Goldstream with the valuable timber limits and mine deposits which are known to exist in it, will for the first time come within touch and a large area of great promise to the prospector will be brought within his reach. Revelstokers are now bending their energies towards getting a good appropriation from the Dominion Department of Public Works for improvement of the navigation of the upper river, including a tramway to be constructed at Death rapids, in order to admit of the transportation of freight from Laporte, at the foot of the rapids, to Twelve-mile at the head, to connect with another steamer plying on the river above to Canoe river. The accomplishment of this project would place 100 miles of rich country within easy reach of the main line of the C. P.- R. at Revelstoke. ADDITIONS TO THE LICK OBSERVATORY. MESSRS. Harron, Rickard & McCone, who have taken over the business of Parke & Lacy Co., the long-established machinery firm of San Franciso, have completed a contract with the Lick Observatory for the mounting of a large reflecting telescope as represented in the accompanying illustration. The great 36-inch refracting telescope of the Lick Observatory has been in use three nights a week since the year 1896 in connection with a photographic spectroscope, presented to the Lick Observatory by Mr. D. O. Mills, for determining the motion of the stars to and from the observer. It is one of the fun- THE LAUNCHING OF THE STEAMER " REVELSTOKE." (From a Correspondent.) THERE is not a great deal in the mining way to report in the Big Bend district this month. The Duquesne Mining Co. are working the Blue Jay placer lease on Smith creek. At the last reports they were drifting from the bottom of the shaft, which is down damental laws of the universe that every celestial object is in motion. One star is moving in this direction, another in that, and so on indefinitely, some with a velocity almost zero, others with velocities as great as sixty miles a second away from the solar system. If a star is moving at right angles to the line of sight, its motion can, in the course of a few years be detected by the usual telescopic methods ; but the component of motion toward or from the solar system must be measured by means of the spectroscope. The velocity of the stars are measured at the Lick Observatory, not from a great interest in the motion of each star, but that the results THE MINING RECORD. 77 may be combined for many stars, and therefrom the motion of our own solar systems through space may be determined. For this purpose it is highly desirable that observations be secured of as many stars as possible, and that they may be observed over the entire sky. From the Lick Observatory one can observe stars situated between the North Pole and a circle thirty degrees south of the equator ; but the stars from thirty degrees south on to the South Pole cannot be observed from there. It is therefore highly desirable that a powerful telescope be located in the Southern hemisphere, in order to extend the work to the South Pole. In November, 1900, Dr. Campbell called the attention of Mr. D. O. Mills to the desirability of providing such an observatory in the Southern hemisphere, and he, with great generosity, gave a sum of money to construct the telescope, spectroscope, a dome to cover them, to defray the expense of installing the Observatory in the Southern hemisphere, and to pay the salaries of the astronomers engaged in the work. As the investigations are to be made entirely by photography, it is more advantageous to make use of a reflecting telescope than of a refractor. Acting upon the advice of Messrs. Warner & Swasey, the most successful telescope builders in America, Dr. Campbell entrusted the task of constructing the mounting for the 37-inch reflecting telescope to the Parke & Lacy Company, of San Francisco. The general features of the mounting, together with many of the more important technical details, were designed by Director Campbell, but the designers of the Parke & Lacy Company unified these plans and adapted them to the requirements of modern construction, besides supplying many devices of great value. The Tohn A. Brashear Company, of Allegheny, Pa., who are the principal manufacturers of optical apparatus, are constructing the mirrors to be used in the telescope mounting. The principal mirror to be placed in the lower end of the great tube, will be of glass, 365^ inches in diameter, with a hole 5 inches in diameter in its centre. The thickness of the mirror will be &,% inches, its upper surface will be ground to a parobolic form of great perfection, and covered with a thin deposit of silver. When this silver is polished, it will reflect the light from a star very perfectly, bringing it to a focus 17^ feet from the surface of the mirror. If an eye-piece were placed at this point, the image of the star could be observed. Such, however, will not be the construction of this telescope. In the axis of the tube at a distance of four feet below the focal point, where the diameter of the beam of light is still 9$^ in., a convex silver-on-glass mirror will be placed. This will turn the ray backward through the hole in the centre of the great mirror ; and these rays will come to a focus 18 inches below the reflecting surface of the great mirror. This point is 13 inches below the lower end of the great tube. A thoroughly modern photographic spectroscope is under construction, and nearly completed, at the Lick Observatory. This spectroscope will be supported by a truss system of T and Channel steel, and attached to the lower end of the great tube in such a way that the light from the star will enter the spectroscope. The light passes through the telescopes and prisms making up the spectroscope, and falls upon a' photographic plate suitably placed. The photographs obtained will enable observers to determine the motions of the individual stars observed, and more important still, the results far the stars observed will be combined with the the results for the Northern hemisphere obtained at Mt. Hamilton, in such a way that they will be able to determine from the data the motion of our solar system through space. The telescope will be moved by clockwork to follow the star. As soon as the mirrors have been completed, the apparatus will be assembled on Mt. Hamilton for testing. It will then be carefully packed and shipDed to Chili, where an observing station will be selected with great care, probably in the vicinity of Santiago, or on the summit of the range of mountains lying between Santiago and Valparaiso. Dr. W. W. Campbell, the director of the Lick Observatory, will go to Chili to select the station, to install the apparatus, and to make sure that everything is in order. The work thereafter will be in charge of Prof. Wm. H. Wright, who with one or more assistants will be engaged for two or three years in observing a list of stars distributed as uniformly as possible over th region lying within sixty degrees of the South Pole. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. AN IMPORTANT CONSOLIDATION. WE have reviewed the following circular letter informing us of the consolidation of the firms of Lexow and Yawger, carbon and bortz importers, of New York :— " We beg to inform you that this day we have consolidated our two firms Theodor Lexow and I. C. Yawger, forming a stock company to be known as The Yawger-Lexow Company, for the importation of and dealing in carbon and bortz and all diamonds for mechanical purposes, to be located at 12 to 16 John street, New York. " The excellent reputation always enjoyed by our first predecessor, the firm of Victor Bishop & Co., established 1837, which was succeeded by our Mr. I. C. Yawger, as well as our own endeavours individually, to protect the interest of our customers, we hope"will secure for us a continuance of your patronage under our new venture. " In fact, this consolidation is mainly undertaken in the interest of our patrons, as we contend that long experience, the best possible connections abroad, the buying of goods from first hands in Brazil, and ample means, enabling us to make all our purchases for strictly cash only, will secure all advantages possible for our customers. Our Mr. Lexow, as well as our Mr. Yawger, will continue to give their personal attention to the business, while Mr. Henry Demmert, connected with our Mr. Lexow since he started in business, and who is one of our directors, will continue to represent us on the road, where he is so favourably known, being assisted by Mr. A. H. Vorster, also one of our directors. All moneys due the respective firms of Theodor Lexow and I. C. Yawger should be liquidated with them personally." WM. HAMILTON M'FG Co's VANCOUVER BRANCH.. The Wm. Hamilton M'fg Co.-, Ltd., give notice of the appointment of Mr. C. N. Cornell to the management of the British Columbia branch. Mr. Robt. Hamilton, who formerly held this position, having resigned in order to assume other duties in connection with the company's business at Peterborough. NEW OWNERS OF A LARGE HOUSE. A business change of considerable interest is that by which the old established mining supply house of the Parke & Lacy Co., San Francisco., Cal., goes into the hands of Harron, Rickard & McCone. This was brought about by the recent death of Mr. B. T. Lacy, the late president of the Parke & Lacy Co., and the disinclination of the heirs to continue. Of those who will carry on the business hereafter, Mr. J. O. Harron and Mr. Thos. Rickard have long been associated with the old company and for the last few years they have been entrusted with its active management. They are, therefore, thoroughly conversant with the work they undertake and are well and favourably known. Nothing less can be said of Mr. A. J. McCone, who, although not heretofore a resident of San Francisco, is known by many interested in mining as the successful proprietor of the Fulton Foundry, Virginia City, Nev., and vice-president of the Fulton Engine Works, Los Angeles, Cal. He brings with him a host of friends to the new concern and a great fund of information for the benefit of its clients. The advertisement of the new firm will be found on the back cover of this number. The officers of the new company are as follows : J. O. Harron, president ; Thomas Rickard, first vice-president; A. J. McCone, second vice-president; Thomas Steel, secretary ; Louis C. Graupner and Jas. H. Mundy, directors. The business will be continued at the old headquarters, 21-23 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cal., and branches will be conducted as before at 306 Byrne Building, Los Angeles, Cal., and at Bakersfield, Cal. CONCENTRATING MACHINERY AND ORE BREAKERS. The Allis-Chalmers Co., Chicago, 111., have just issued a series of new catalogues, of which book No. 1, descriptive of the well-known Gates Rock and Ore Breakers, and catalogue No. 9, dealing comprehensively with the subject of concentrating machinery are before us. The former describes over a dozen different styles of crushers and breakers, special attention being directed to a new modified form of the Gates Rock and Ore Breaker, designated as style '"D," which possesses several advantages over former construction arrangements. It is interesting to note that nearly 5,000 Gates gyratory crushers have been sold to the public and are in operation in all parts of the world. The scope of the present booklet is confined solely to supplying information in regard to this special class of crushers, but the company also issue a supplementary book (No. 4) with illustrations and plans of complete crushing plants and auxiliary appliances. Catalogue No. 9 has almost the appearance of a text book and contains information of the greatest interest and value. The illustrations are numerous and there are also some fine diagrams, among which is one of an improved concentrating mill such as was recently installed at the Arlington mine, Erie, British Columbia. SPECIALTIES FOR DREDGERS. Hadfield's Steel Foundry Co., Limited, represented in Canada by Mr. -Francis T. Peacock, M. E., of Montreal, issue an illustrated catalogue comprising a very complete list of dredger appliances and specialties, including steel pins and bushes, bucket backs, links, lips, tumblers, shafts and gearing. The material out of which these appliances are manufactured is the celebrated Hadfield's Patent Manganese Steel, which is of peculiar hardness and exceptional toughness, a combination most essential for dredger work. While ordinary steel shows considerable wear after three month's work, tests prove that after ten months constant use, Manganese steel parts are only just perceptibly affected. D MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. THE COAST—MT. SICKER DISTRICT. URING 1901, the Lenora mine, Mt. Sicker district, shipped to smelters 17,733 tons of ore, and added 25,000 tons to the dump accumulation. THE MINING RECORD. Marion 22 Ruby 1 Esmeralda ° Hampton 7 Capella 44 - Fourth of July I2 Tamarac 5 Mary Durham ..., ° Buffalo 5 Sweet Grass Exchange 5 Mollie Hughes 22 Tons 27,784 The total is several thousand tons less than that of 1900, although to these figures must be added the ore shipped from the Whitewater mine by way of Kaslo. This ought to bring the total for the year up to 30,000 tons. From the camp tributary to Ainsworth town the total of ore mined was 5,100 tons, almost all of which was from the Highland, and of chis most was concentrating ore. From the Lardeau trail, shipments aggregating 50 tons were made. LARDEAU DISTRICT. The following are given out as the official returns from the Lardeau district up to the 1st December, 1901, but since then some shipments have been made, probably 100 tons from the Silver Cup : Tons. Silver Cup 1,200 Nettie L 880 Triune 325^ Beatrice 221 Great Western 28 Broadview 26 Ethel.' 17 Cromwell u}4 Ophir Lode 6 Metropolitan 6 St. Elmo 6 Ruffled Grouse 6 Linson . % Total 3,727X Value with the 100 tons estimated from the Silver Cup, $375,016.81. NELSON. During 1901 the Ymir, in Ymir camp, had 80 stamps in operation. There was mined 70,000 tons. An average of one hundred men have been employed under ground, one hundred on the surface and in the mill, and for the last six momhs one hundred more in constructing a cyanide plant, which will be in operation by the end of January. It will cost $50,000. Other shipments from near Ymir, 50 tons. In the vicinity of Erie and Salmo, the Arlington shipped 1,000 tons ; Keystone 100 tons. The Second Relief put in a concentrator and is ready to ship. The Yellowstone stamp mill crushed 9,000 tons and the Fern 375. The estimated number of miners employed in Ymir district is 450. In Nelson district the Hall Mines produced 21,366 tons ; Athabasca 4,500 ; Granite creek mines (milled) 6,809 ; Mollie Gibson 750 tons. EAST KOOTENAY. An estimate of production from this district last year, places the output of silver-lead ores and concentrates at 21,305 tons having a gross value of $852,000, to this must be added placer gold and production from other sources which would probably make the total value of the mineral yield about a million dollars. The following mines contributed to the aggregate production : The St. Eugene, North Star, Sullivan and Society Girl mines. YUKON GOLD IN UNITED STATES. A RETURN has been made showing the business transacted by the United States assay office at Seattle since its establishment in July, 1898, which is well worth studying. In 1898 the deposits at this institution amounted to 356,612.77 troy ounces of gold, valued at $5,678,213.52 ; in 1899, the aggregate deposits for the year increased to 801,610.30 ounces, valued at $12,971,879.20 ; in 1900 the business transacted through this office showed a iurther gain, 1,345.032.- 65 ounces of gold, to the enormous value of $22,038,795.79, having been purchased from miners. To October 31, 1901, when the office closed, the total value of the deposits though still sufficiently considerable, representing the respectable snm of $14,184,356, there is a decrease for the first time consequent, of course, on the establishment of the Dominion assay office at Vancouver, although much of the gold assayed by the Canadian office is afterwards sold to the mint at San Francisco, and passes through the hands of the Seattle institution. Of the great quantity of gold melted at Seattle during the last three years, the equivalent valuation is no less a sum than $54,873,235.51, very nearly 80 per cent, originated from the British Yukon and British Columbia. The totals in full are made up as follows :— From Nome, Alaska, U. S. A., gold to the value of $7,094,031.27 THE MINING RECORD. 79 was received ; from other Alaskan mining districts $1,526,089 87, and from the State of Washington, $800,991.28 ; or from all American sources a total of $8,921,112.42 ; while the Yukon alone contributed to the total return $43,707,584.69 and British Columbia$2,244,538.40. Even with the present by no means perfect arrangement effected by the Dominion authorities for the purchase and handling of the gold product from the Yukon, much of the desired object has been accomplished, as the above figures demonstrate, for the decrease in the business of the Seattle mint is not, of course, due in any falling off in the Yukon gold yield, which, as is well known, is greater in the aggregate this year than last. ROYALTY RECEIPTS. The royalty receipts from gold dust produced in the Yukon territory, for the season of 1901, has just been computed in total and found to be $381,162. Each mine is allowed an exemption of $5,000 from taxation on the output of each year, and 5 per cent, of the excess taken from each mine is held by the government as royalty. In 1900, ten per cent, was taken for royalty. The government collected royalty in 1900 to the amount of $891,475, a little less than three times the collections this year. The payments of royalty in 1901 were on gold produced to the amount of $7,623,257. Last year notwithstanding, the inducement was greater to avoid paying the tax, royalty was paid on more than $8,000,000. The receipts of royalty this year by creeks or districts in the territory were as follows : Forty-mile $ 599 00 Eureka 391 00 Dominion ; 37.751 51 Sulphur , 11,581 91 Gold Run 37,084 87 Hunker 36,52686 Grand Forks, including Bonanza, Eldorado and numerous •hillside and bench claims and gulches of the vicinity .. 249,211 81 Total $381,162 85 COAL EXPORTATIONS. . VANCOUVER ISLAND. THE total coal output of the Vancouver Island collieries for 1901, aggregated 1,331,35010ns, as against 1,383,375 tons in 1900. The reduction—52,025 tons—was due to a reduction of the foreign coal shipments, caused, chiefly by the inroads of coal-oil fuel upon the California market. The New Vancouver Coal company shipped 584,542 tons, a slight gain on 1900, when the output was 579,351 tons. Extension shipped 415,580 tons, as against 267,553 tons in 1900. The Union Colliery shipped 270,006 tons, as against 323,523 tons in 1900, and the Alexandria mine 61,222 tons, as against 112,153 tons in 1900- Th e Wellington Colliery, which produced 100,792 tons in 1900, closed in that year, and therefore yielded nothing in 1901. On the whole the decrease of the Vancouver Island coal yield in 1901 is therefore slight, having regard to the competition of coal oil in California, and the terrible mine accidents at Extension. There were, it should be added, shipped in 1901 from Comox, 4,760 tons of coke used for foreign consumption, Vancouver Island's foreign coal shipments of 1901 were in all 821,945 tons, as against 906,215 tons in 1900. Of the shipments of 1901, the New Vancouver Coal Co. was responsible for 448,157 tons, the remainder being shipped from Union and Ladysmith respectively. The figures show, as will be seen, that the Whole of the small decrease of output for 1901 was more than due to a decline of foreign shipments, there being a gain of over 32,000 tons in the amount of coal got and used within the Province. THE METAL MARKET. fHE average prices of were as follows :.— metals in New York during the year 1901 Month. ^-Silver-^ 1901 xgoo January .62.82 59.30 February 61.06 59.76 March 60.63 59-8i April 59.29 59.59 May 59.64 59.96 June 59.57 60.42 July 50-4° 61.25 August 58.37 61.14 September ....58.26 62.63 October 57.59 63.83 November ....56.64 64.04 December 55.10 64.14 ^^Copper^. 1901 1900 16. 16.38 r~~Tin—N 1901 1900 16.42 16.43 16.41 16.38 16.31 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.224 15-5° iS-78 16.29 16.76 16.34 !5-75 "5-97 '6-35 16.44 .6.37 16 40 26.31 26.^1 26.68 26.03 27.12 28.60 27.85 26.78 25-3' 26.62 26.67 24.36 27.07 30.58 32.90 30.90 29-37 30.50 33-IO 31-28 29*42 28.54 1901 4-35 4-35 4-35 3-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-'S3 id—, , 1900 4.68 4-675 4-675 4-675 4.181 3-9oi 4.030 4.250 4-35o 4-35o 4-35o 4-35o -Spelter-^ 1901 1900 4-65 4.64 4.60 4-7' 4-53 4.25 4.28 4.17 4.11 4-'5 4.29 4-25 4-13 4.01 3-9' 3-98 4.04 3-99 3-95 3-9? 4.08 4-23 4.29 4-3' 61.33 16.117 16.19 26.54 z9-9° 4-334 4-37 4-°8 4-39 the table for copper are the averages for electrolytic cop- Year 58.95 The prices given per. The average price for Lake copper for the year 1900 was 16.52s.; for the month of January, 1901, it was 16.77c.; for February, 16.90c.; for March, 16.94c; for April, 16.94c; for May, 16.94c; for June, 16.90c; for July, 16.61c; for Aug. 16.50c; for Sept. 16.44c; for October, 16.60c; for November, 16.333c; for December, 14.36c. for the year 1901, 16.53c. During the month of January trade conditions have been very seriously disturbed by the rapid and heavy decline of copper which is now quoted in New York as low as 10c. Lead has been in fair demand but at unchanged prices, the latest London quotation being £10, 8, 9. New York quotations being 3.85 and 3.95. Silver has been fairly steady, no important movements having been reported. Quotations in ' New York hav.e been from 56^ to 56 1-8. THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. DURING the past few weeks conditions have entirely changed for the better, and prices having particular regard to better class stocks, have generally advanced. An excellent harvest in Manitoba, and the prosperous state of trade in Eastern Canada are no doubt partly responsible for the improvement as noted, through the great progress evidenced in the direction of mining development in British Columbia during the past year, the recent rich strikes made in such mines as the Cariboo-McKinney and Centre Star, in which Eastern capital is largely interested, and the resumption of operations at the Gooderham owned mines, have all assisted in bringing about the renewal of confidence. In the last three weeks Cariboo-McKinney has risen from 15 to 26, Centre Star from 30 to 45, Iron Mask from 14 to 20, War Eagle from 10 to 13, Payne from 15 to 35, Rambler-Cariboo from 66 to 82, and American Boy from 5 to 8. North Star has been stationary but firm at 26, while Winnipeg has been in demand at from 4% to 5- The upward tendency is meanwhile likely to continue as prices last year were unduly depressed. Some activity is likely to be displayed in Republic securities shortly, the railway to that camp being now nearing completion, and will enable the ores from this locality to be shipped to the Granby works. The Fairbanks § Asbestos Disc Valves Are reliable and First Class in every particular. Our remarkable Asbestos Disc is a money saver to the steam user. A new Disc inserted in three minutes. All stuffing boxes packed with vulcabeston. We carry a complete line of steam fittings and can ship at short notice. Send for new supply Catalogue and prices. A postal will get you a booklet, showing some of the large plants and buildings using our goods. THE ZF^IZRB^ZEsTJSIS CO., 749 Craig St., MONTREAL. THE MINING RECORD. Goal Mines Regulation Act Amendment Act, 1901. Provincial Secretary's Office, 9th January, 1902. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to issue the following Regulations for carrying out the provisions of the "Coal Mines Regulation Act," and to order that the same shall come into force on the 15th day of January, 1902. By command, J. D. PRENTICE, Acting Provincial Secretary. Regulations Under the Coal Mines Regulation Act Amendment Act, 1901. Constitution of Board. 1. Each member of the Board of Examiners shall be entitled to vote at every examination. 2. Each Board shall, within ten days of its formation, meet and elect from its members a Chairman, who shall preside at all examinations and meetings of the Board. 3. The person appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to serve on each Board shall act as Secretary thereto, and keep minutes of all proceedings, record of all candidates for and results of examinations, issue certificates of competency, and forward the prescribed returns to the Department of Mines. He shall also attend to all correspondence of the Board and answer all enquiries made to him regarding the affairs thereof. 4. The owners or managers of each mine shall, on or before the first day of December in each year, forward to the Department of Mines, upon- the prescribed form, notice of the two persons nominated by him to act on such Board. He may also nominate two other persons as alternates to act in the absence of the members nominated by him. In the event of such nomination not being made the Minister ot Mines may appoint two members to act on behalf of the owners of the mine. 5. At each election for coal miner members of a Board there shall be two alternates appointed who shall be the two candidates receiving the next highest number of votes to those elected. Such alternates shall act upon such Board in the absence of the elected members. 6. In the event of any one or more of such elected or alternate coal miners ceasing to be employed in the mine for which he or they shall, ipso facto, cease to be members or alternates as the case may be. 7. As soon as possible after a Board has been constituted there shall be'published in the British Columbia Gazette, and in a newspaper circulating in the vicinity of the mine, a notice giving the names of the persons constituting such Board and the alternates. The name of the post office address of the Secretary shall also be contained in such notice, together with an intimation that all persons requiring information as to the conduct of examinations shall apply to the Secretary of the nearest Board. 8. The members of the Boards first constituted shall enter upon its duties on the first of March, 1902 ; thereafter each Board shall enter upon its duties on the first day of January. All Boards shall continue in office until the first day of January next ensuing, or until successors are appointed or elected. 9. A Board of Examiners may be formed, by permission of the Minister of Mines, at any mine where its constitution may be rendered necessary after the regular date of formation in any year, but if such Board be constituted after the 1st of September such Board shall hold office until the 31st December next ensuing, and for one year thereafter. 10. If, from any cause, a full Board cannot be constituted at any mine from the regularly elected and appointed members and alternates the vacancies may be filled by the Minister of Mines. Elections. ii. The first election of coal miners as members of the Boards of Examiners shall take place on the 15th day of February, 1902; thereafter such elections shall take place on the second Saturday in December in each year. 12. One week before the date set for such election the owner or manager of every mine at which a Board of Examiners has been constituted shall forward a list, certified by him to be a correct one, of the coal miners actually working in the mine. Only the persons named on such list shall be entitled to vote at the ensuing election. 13. All candidates at such election shall be nominated in writing by at least two coal miners working in the mine, and such nomination, together with the candidates' acceptance thereof, in the prescribed iorm, shall be delivered to the Secretary at least seven days before the election. No coal miner whose name does not appear on the list furnished by the owner or manager shall be eligible for election to the Board. At least four days before the election the Secretary shall post notices of such election, together with the names of the candidates thereat, in at least three conspicuous places about the mine. 14. All elections shall be by ballot and the Secretary to the Board of Examiners shall act as returning officer. 15. When any coal miner shall apply for a ballot the Secretary shall satisfy himself that the name of such person is on the list furnished to him. At any election after the first the Secretary may require any applicant for a ballot to produce his Certificate of Competency, and if such certificate be not produced no ballot shall be furnished to the applicant. 16. The election shall be held between the hours of two and six o'clock in the afternoon, at such place as shall be designated by the Secretary, and shall be conducted in the following manner :— (a.) The Secretary, after satisfying himself that the applicant is entitled to vote, shall furnish him with a ballot on which shall be written or printed, in alphabetical order, the names of the candidates. The Secretary shall place his initials on the back of each ballot before handing it to the voter, and the voter, after marking same, shall fold it in such a manner that such initials shall be visible, and show the same to the Secretary before placing it in the ballot box : (d.) The ballot box shall be sealed during the continuance of the election : (c.) Each voter shall be entitled to vote for two candidates and no more, and shall vote by marking a cross opposite the names of the candidates for whom he votes. Any ballot marked for more than two candidates shall be void : (d.) At the conclusion of the election the Secretary shall open the ballot box and proceed to count the votes. The two candidates receiving highest number of votes shall be declared elected, and the two receiving the next highest number of votes shall be declared alternates. In the case of any tie the Secretary shall have a casting vote : (e.) Any candidate, or one person acting on his behalf, may be present at the counting of votes: (/) The Secretary shall forward the marked ballots to the Department of Mines, together with his certificate of the result of the election within three days after the same. Such ballots shall be destroyed at the end of thirty days if no dispute arises as to such election. If a dispute arises they shall be destroyed forthwith after its settlement: (g.) -In the event of any dispute arising as to the result or conduct of any election the matter shall be referred to the Minister of Mines, whose decision shall be final. He may order a new election or otherwise deal with the case as he may deem fit. Examinations. 17. Notice of the date and place of each examination shall be posted for at least seven days before the holding of the same, at three or more conspicuous places about the mine. All candidates for examination shall give at least two days' notice to the Secretary and pay to him the examination fee of one dollar. 18. The examination shall commence on the day named and continue until all the applicants have been examined. 19. The result of each examination shall be certified under the hand of at least three examiners, in a book to be kept by the Secretary for that purpose, and a report thereof, in the prescribed form, shall be forwarded to the Department of Mines within ten days after the conclusion of each examination. 20. All certificates or testimonials presented by persons coming before the Board must be clear and satisfactory, and in case of doubt the Board may require additional confirmation or proof of the same. 21. Candidates shall produce their previous certificates of employment when presenting themselves for examination. 22. The Board, in the case of candidates for certificates as shot lighters, fire bosses or overmen, will see that they have certificates of competency as coal miners, or show at the time of their examination that they can pass such examination of competency, and will be careful to see that they are qualified as to their practical knowledge of gas and the duties of shot lighters and gas examiners. > 23. All fees paid in respect of examinations-and certificates of competency under this Act shall be forwarded by the Secretary to the Treasury at the end of each month and shall form part of the Consolidated Revenue of the Province of British Columbia. 24. Examinations for certificates of competency as coal miners shall be viva voce, but those for shot lighters, fire bosses and overmen may be viva voce or written, or partly written or partly oral in the discretion of the Board of Examiners. 'K^^-i Certificates of Competency. 25. All members of any Board of Examiners and alternates appointed or elected to hold office during the year 1902, shall be entitled, without examination, to receive certificates of competency of the class in which at the time of such appointment or election they shall be employed. 26. All holders of certificates of competency or service as coal mine managers shall be entitled, without examination, to certificates of com; petency as overmen, on application to the Secretary to the nearest Board of Examiners and production of their certificates. 27. A certificate of competency as shot lighter, fire boss or overman shall carry with it all the rights and privileges granted to a coal miner by a certificate of competency as such, and the holder thereof shall be eligible of nomination and election as a coal miner member of any Board of Examiners or alternate, and to vote at any such election. 28. In the case of any person who claims to have lost his certificate of competency, he shall apply to the Secretary to the Board from which he received the same for a substituted certificate. The said Secretary, upon proof satisfactory to him of such loss, may issue such substituted certificate, endorsing upon the face thereof the words, " Issued as a substituted certificate for No. , satisfactory' proof of the loss of same having been _ THE MINING RECORD. given." Should any person not be able to secure such substituted certificate he shall be treated only as a new applicant and be subjected to examination. In the event of the Board of Examiners from which such lost- certificate was obtained having ceased to exist, a substituted certificate may be obtained from the Department of Mines upon satisfactory proof of loss being given. 29. The charge for a substituted certificate of competency shall be fifty cents. 30. A certificate of competency may be cancelled or suspended for any length of time by the Minister of Mines should the holder thereof be convicted of any offence under any Act relating to coal mining. A person whose certificate of competency has been cancelled shall only.be permitted to apply for a new one with the permission of the Minister of Mines. 31. A person may be employed as an overman, fire boss, shot lighter or coal miner in any mine between the date of one examination and another, but he shall be forthwith discharged if a certificate of competency is not granted to him at the next examination. Provincial Secretary's Office. 22nd January, 1902. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to appoint all Government Agents, Gold Commissibners, Mining Recorders, Deputy Mining Recorders and Deputy Assessors to be Collectors of Revenue Tax for the Assessment Districts within which they reside ; and has been further pleased to appoint the undermentioned persons to be Collectors of Revenue Tax for the Assessment District written opposite their respective names, namely :— John [oseph Johnston, of New Westminster, Esquire, New Westminster Assessment District : Joseph Scott, of Chilliwack, Esquire, New Westminster Assessment District; Henry Knight Dunn, of Vancouver, Esquire, Vancouver Assessment District (except within the Municipality of Vancouver); Charles C. Daley, of Kaslo, Esquire, Slocan Assessment Districts;? i: Charles Harrison, of Masset, Esquire, S. M., Victoria Assessment District. Coal Mines Regulation Act Amendment Act, 1901. Provincial Secretary's Office, 17th January, 1902. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, under the provisions of 1 Edward VII, chapter 36, has been pleased to constitute a Board of Examiners at the undermentioned Coal Mines, namely :— Nanaimo, represented by the New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Company, Limited. Wellington (Extension), represented by the Wellington Colliery Company, Limited. Coal Creek, represented by the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, Limited. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been further pleased to appoint the following persons to be members of the Board of Examiners at the Coal Mine written opposite their respective names, namely :— John Prhys Planta, of Nanaimo, Esquire, Nanaimo Mine. John Cunliffe, of Extension, Esquire, Wellington (Extension) Mine. William Johnston, of Comox, Esquire, Comox Mine. William Barton, of Fernie, Esquire Coal Creek Mine. Evan Evans, of Micher, Esquire, Michel Mine. William Stainsby, of Morrissey, Esquire, Morrisey Mine. £10 REWARD Will be given to any person who will put Donald Stewart, i Smith Terrace, Wick, Scotland, N. B., in communication with his brother, DAVID RUSSELL STEWART, who was last known to be in the Totumo Mine, Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward- paid from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E C. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINES. Gold, Silver, Lead and Copper Properties. Excellent chance for profitable investments in legitimate mining in British Columbia. Capital needed for developing promising prospects. A specialty made of free milling gold properties. Very promising free-milling gold properties for sale—terms reasonable. Mines examined and reported on by reliable mining engineers. Correspondence solicited. Address ANDREW F. ROSENBERGER, P. O. Box 700. Nelson B. C. TELi 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, iMiinsrinsrGr- zb:ro:k::e]:r- Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining: Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. G Valuable Mining Property AT NORTH BEND, B.C., FOR SHLE. Tenders will be received by The Ottawa Hydraulic Mining and Milling Company, Limited Liability, addressed to the undersigned, up to Monday, the 6th day of January, 1902, for the purchase of their mining property and water rights at North Bend, in British Columbia, and which may be known as that piece of ground situated at Boston bar, on the east side of the Fraser river, and formerly known as mining ground leased to John Webb, containing 64 acres, more or less, and the grant of water right to use 500 inches of water out of Four-Mile creek, opposite Lyons' ranch, opposite North Bend, together with a flume about four miles long, extending from Four-Mile creek to the mines of the company. There is situate upon the mining land a portable saw-mill, two monitors, a large quantity of iron piping, and also mining tools and supplies, which will be sold with the mine property. The vendors are not to be bound to accept the highest or any tender. For particulars apply to William C. McGillivray, New Westminster, B.C., or to the undersigned. Parkins, Fraser & Burbidge, 64 Sparks St., Ottawa, Solicitors for the Vendors. Mining Property for Sale in British Columbia. Tenders are invited for the whole property, including Crown granted claims, mill site, cyanide mill, (capacity 45 to 50 tons daily), tramway, assay office, laboratory and full equipment, of the Toronto Lillooet Cold Reefs Company, Limited, situate in the Lillooet district of British Columbia, including the Ample, Whale, Monarch, and Welland Vale mines, which are Crown granted, also the North Star, the Golden Stripe, Golden Eagle, Ruby and Jumbo mineral claims, in the same district, together with a ten- stamp mill, machine drills and other equipments. Cash tenders for the whole property are requested but offers on working options or for portions of the property will be considered. From the former group 950 tons of ore has been milled, with an assay value approximating $10.00 to $11.00. Wagon road from railroad to mill. The whole of the above will bear looking into and investigating, and are an exceptionally important and valuable group of claims with full working equipment. Full particulars may be had on application to Edgar Bloomfield, Liquidator, P. O. box 743, Vancouver, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location giving it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. HEARN & HARRISON, (Established 1857.) Manufacrurers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. . 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., Montreal, Canada. THE MINIKG RECORD. V The Future Smelting centre of the Northwest coast. Situated at Osborne Bay, on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, the terminus of the Lenora-Mount Sicker Railway. Lots will be placed on the market ih a few days. For particulars apply to Lenora Mount Sicker Copper, [inino- Company, Limited, Non-Personal Liability, MacGregor Block, Victoria. A Modern Mattino- and Converting Plant for copper ores. A large Mining District in the immediate vicinity An Unrivalled Harbour with secure anchorage. The Terminus of the Mount Sicker tramway. EAST KOOTENAY A 9 of Croftom MINING STOCK. Coal, Petroleum and Timber and in British Columbia. McVITTIE & HUTCHESON, Cranbrook, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bank of British North America, VSnCOUVer, B.C. Concentration Op flltli O^es. The finest work is done by the HOOPER PNEUMATIC SYSTEM. ADDRESS: General Concentrates Company, 517 W. 30th St., NEW YORK CITY. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. MFIQnN ^ SMELTING DEPARTMENT. iNtLOUil, j PURCHASES B.C. COPPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. Geo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF IDO~W ZPTTIMIIPiS MINING PUMPS WATER-WORKS PUMPS. POWER PUMPS. OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY, f4^ Pumping Machinery of every possible Description. SEISriD FOR OATALOGTJE. THE MINING RECORD. NUHmMEnoa •vlWpESsql®i^ THE EDWARD P. ALLIS '^W^^^^^^t^^&^^^^^^M^Wnh.SM^^KS^^: MFO CO m." . Milwaukee.Wis.^ EM'-ii^P^ij^S f^Cft^W^ ^Ksranton.Pa. MANUFACTURER OF Mining Machinery Above cut represents our 40 inch by 15 inch Special High Grade Crushing Rolls ot which we built 36 sets for the new 5,000-Ton Concentrating Mill of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. These rolls are designed especially for heavy duty, they are very strong in every detail and provided particularly with very strong steel shafts and extra large bearings, the springs and tension rods are designed for the heavy pressure necessary to satisfactorily crush very hard ores. The contract for these 36 sets of rolls was awarded to us in competition with most patterns in the market, after a thorough investigation by the experts of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. Our assortment of patterns for crushing rolls is very large, of all styles and standard sizes, for coarse and fine, wet and dry crushing. We have special patterns for sectional rolls to be carried on mules. We furnish all shells for our rolls of Midvale "Perfected" Rolled Steel unless otherwise ordered. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. EDWARD i^LLIS 3»©RKS, '^^^^^^EvWIS. - ^IktES WORKS, C HI CAGOjj#I$S?7 HOME INSURANCE . BUILDING. FRASER &CHALMERS WORKS. ^DICKSON ->yoRiti&ii 'BRANCH ■— =*== OFFICES: NEWARK: BroadExchai#^jp.&&:V>UE*JVER| ld^fcTremont St. PITTSBURG: 305 O'e&Mat. BankBldg. SSBp0a9Ei6ITY.: Dooly Block. MINNEAPOLIS'^ 416 CornMchange. SPOlgftiSE: 512 PlrstAve. , LONDON;ENO: 160 Dashwoodflouse MELBOURNE: Avfflr^ZWtx iWERTH: West Australia., '^f THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. JRITISH CGLUflBIA. ' Situated on 20-mile creek, Similkameen river. (Owned by the Hedley City Syndicate.) Nickle Plate Mountain is the most talked about mineral section of British Columbia to-day, and hundreds of people all over the northwest are preparing to go there at an early date. On this mountain lies the famous Nickel Plate mines, which many mining men consider' the greatest prospective mining property in Canada; here also lies the great Kingston Warhorse, Rollo Banner and other noted properties with wonderful large, rich bodies of ore. Thousands of dollars will be expended in their development during the coming summer. At the base of this mountain and close to all the noted mines lies the townsite of Hedley City. This town is the only supply point for the mines of this district. The government is building roads to the townsite. Trails to the mines are being built rapidly and a large force of men are being employed. The new railroad down the Similkameen will be built to Hedley City at an early date and in a very short time this place will present a scene of activity seldom witnessed. Many predict it will be the greatest mining camp in the northwest Lots are expected to sell at very high figures within a few months. It is but a short time ago that lots in Rossland, Greenwood, Nelson, Phoenix and Sandon, which are now worth thousands of dollars, were selling at the same prices as are now being asked for lots in Hedley City, and the same thing is certain to be repeated at this place. Until the first day of. May lots will be sold at from $100 to $150, on easy terms. After that date the prices will be more than doubled. Lots are selling very rapidly. Intending purchasers should make immediate application in order to secure the most desirable locations. We have made a personal examination of the property and can assist purchasers in their selection. Maps of the surrounding country, plan of townsite, location of mines, samples of ore, etc., may be seen at this office. R H. PARKINSON, Manager and Trustee. FAIRVIEW, B. O. For Terms and Prices address: R. H. Parkinson, general manager and trustee, Fairview, B. C.- E. Bullock- Webster, agent, Keremeos; J. H. Yates,* Spokane, Wash, U.S.A.; G. Alers-Hankey, Vernon; Oliver Fetherston- haugh, Hedley City. THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. The Mining and Commercial Centre for the whole Similkameen; SIMILKAMEEN CITY Situated in Camp Hedley, close to the Nickel Plate, Kingston, Sunset and Pollock Groups of Mines, and Stirling Creek Copper Camp. Town Lots on tfje IVJarket at a very Low Figure wl]icf] will shortly rise 50 per cer\t. PRICES : $75 to $150. In three payments: one-thjrd cash; one-thjrd in three ir-ont^s; oije- third in, six months. This townsite is located in the Similkameen Valley, half way between Keremeos and Princeton, on the main government wagon road, which forms the main street. Its geographical position is a natural one, comprising several large flats, which extend from the base of the mountains in a fan-shaped area on a gentle slope of the Similkameen river. It is protected from all opposition, by a large Indian reservation on the east and southeast, which extends over seven miles along the Similkameen valley in Camp Hedley. The Townsite Company own all the adjoining land on the west, besides large timber limits for building purposes, which is the only available timber in Camp Hedley for saw-mills. Already a krge number of lots have been sold, on which the purchasers intend t0 erect buildings. The townsite is all cleared and ready for building purposes, being surveyed off into lots, and blocks on modern principals, and Crown granted, the main street being 90 feet wide. The townsite is situated on the location line of the V. V. & E., Columbia & Western, and the Coast-Kootenay Railways, in fact all roads, railroads, telegraph and telephone lines have to go through it, as it is the only available pass from the interior to the coast, which in view of the enormous mineral wealth surrounding it, is in itself a sufficient guarantee of its future prosperity. Camp Hedley and the surrounding mining camps, are considered by mining engineers of repute, to embrace the richest mining section in the Province, and Similkameen City is therefore the mining and commercial centre of this important part of British Columbia. Now is the Time to Buy Town Lots, they will Never be as Cheap Again. This is an Investment and no Speculation. For further particulars apply to Frank Bailey, gen'l mgr., Greenwood, Fairview and Similkameen City. Head Office: 4 Wallace-Miller Block, Greenwood. H. M. Keefer, general agent. Other- agencies at Rossland, Nelson, Victoria, Vancouver, and all Boundary towns, as well as at Toronto, Ont., Spokane Wash., and other important cities. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J C GWILLIM, B. Sc Mi ning Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B. C. mining" districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.O. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B.C. Code—Bedford-McNeii. P. O. Box 4-3. john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO. 1 MINING and (JIVIL ENGINEERS cm /"i S% a n.1 D f\ and LAND nURVEYORS. oLUOAIN, D. O. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in talcing general charge of preliminary development work. W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. T U C V Ml I D 1^ 1 OT I? 1 ^T Is bein^ rapidly recognized IriC T IVI IR UlO I nlV B as affording the best mining Investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A, W, MORE & CO, Ltd, MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeill's, Moreing & Neal's, Clough's, and A. B. C, Fourth Edition. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and.Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of Ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year. Send for circular. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. B. H. HURST & CO'Y mi Bankers : C. B. of Commerce. Codes : Clough ; Moreing & Neil. TROUNCE ALLEY. iZICTORIH, B. C. J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. Nichols, A.RS.M. Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. 86 GOVERNMENT STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALK EM, B.Sc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer. Reports made Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Meek. Eng. of England. Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng* Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. DOUGLAS LAY, A.RS.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Present Office and Laboratory NELSON, B. C. Prompt attention given to samples by mail or express. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGil! University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B HOBSON, Manager Con. Cariboo Hyd. /"".,,.~,,Jt,'-*«■ H/T.' ' C Mining Co., Ltd. Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift a?td Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON," Ashcroft, B. C THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T. HA LVLTALN C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGLNEER, nrrnrrw. i8^ 9 and IO> Nelson, B. C. J. B. TYRRELL. M. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst M. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON. CANADA.. Cable Address: "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. H. MCGREGOR. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors A.ND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA *25 NELSON.. e. Jacobs! Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regu.ar.y Examined Periodically.' Assigned-Estates Wound Up. Helga Gold and Copper Mining Co'y. Mines situated in Vancouver, B. C, District. CAPITAL, $1,000,000. PAR VALUE, $1.00. Office, 75 Sullivan Building. J. A. FREEMAN, Secretary V. R. PIERSON, President. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address :-Phloxes, Nelson. A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. H0LDICH, Analytical Chemist^ Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. . Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigah Coal and Iron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. REVELSTOKE, B. C. REMABllE ASSAYS. Gold $.50 Gold and Silver $.75 Lead'. 50 Gold, Silver and Copper... 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Rich Ores and Bullion bought. . OGDEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B, C Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made ou Mining Properties. Mail samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. NELSON, B. C Box 676. ^* ep* ^* Machinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. F31■A■]^q^S. DBAWHSTG-S. ESTIMATES. W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M., A.I.M.M Assayer in charge of Provincial Govern- E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M.F.G.S. ment Assay Office at Vancouver. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman, PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office an,d Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Reports on IVJines and Metallurgical and Milling Processes. SPECIALTY: UMPIRE and CONTROL ASSAYS. Cable and Telegraphic Address : Analysis, Vancouver. 1 iiiiinniiiirn n r. Codes : Moreing & Neal, A.B.C. and Lieber. / VANCOUVER, B. C. jj|| Victoria Office: 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST., M. E. IVjolson's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. G. E. C. B. BAGSHAWE, REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % % Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. G. A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia S3" SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL. "SS Mining and Sumy ing Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. F. NICHOLSON. CERTLFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting capital and affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties^ These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work sunerin tended for non-resident claim owners. Personal attention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. 0., EAST KOOTENAY. THE MINING RECORD. HOTELS, MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS 3STO GOOD Advertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EriPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do yourbusiness at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, British and Canadian Press Bureau," 24 Coleman St., London, E.C. the miflnsio joUiRHAk Railway and Commercial Gazette. Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including: postage, is as tollows: Canada. 12 months. 28s. Payable in Advance. 6 months. 3 months. 14s. 7s. NOW READY. The MLNERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in a]l the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable technical monographs embodied in the present volume are the following : Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1900, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane ; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L. K. Bohm ; Clay and and its manufacture into brick and tile, by H. Ries ; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge ; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive power, by G. Lunge ; Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke ; Notes on the leaching of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adcock ; Elimination ot impurities from copper mattes, by E, Keller ; Raritan Copper Works — general description ot operating plant, by L. Addicks ; Manufacture of blue vi riol from argentiferous copper, by J. G. Clemmer ; Recent progress in the Henderson process for extracting copper from p\ rites cinders, by J. G. Clemmer ; Fluorspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern IU'nois, by W. E. Burk ; Diamondifrarous deposits in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs ; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. janin, jr.; Present development of the barrel chlorination proce.-s, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson , Assay of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy at the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe Alloys of iron, by H. Souther ; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hof- man ; Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake ; Electrolysing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke ; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorko- vitz ; Originand occurrence of petroleum in California, by A S. Cooper ; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heri- to ; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F. Klockmann ; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by j. B. C. Kershaw ; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by j. B. C. Kershaw : Progress in the sulphuric acid industry in 1900, by F. J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St, Lawrence Co., N.Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, bv F. Owen ; Review of progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls ; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter ; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sau«sur ; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N. S. W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Greenway ; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R. W. Raymond ; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C, F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING Ct., 253 Broadway, New York. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY T ■T'M'TTTrn'") Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, 35* '96* '97» '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH: VICTORIA, B. C. 4-SO CORDOVA STREET. VANCOUVER. Opposite the C. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men. Crand Pacific Hotel, P. A. BARNHART, Proprietor. ||| KAMLOOPS, B. C. WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Hotel Vernon, Thoroughly Commercial. 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. f$- Hotel Dallas, VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for 1901 under same rdanagement. DOMINION HOTEL J VIOTOEIA, Br O. NFW ANI1 MflDFRN Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths," nt« HnU mUUCIM. Eiectr;c Lighted, Return CallBeUs and first-class service! j American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European. Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a day. XLhc Silver Iking Ifootel, BAKER ST., NELSON, B. C. : $1.00 I 1 G. L. Ifflll, li THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSE, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us—Why? We have the best goods and largest assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly from our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere. EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for Illustrated Catalogue—Free. Established 1862. WBILER BROS, VICTORIA, B. O. Stock Certificates and | flining Stationery of an kinds, a stock or SnP. plied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business THE COLONIST P. & P. CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO. VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND NELSON, B. C. andat h. C. Beeton & Co., §5 Finsbury Circus, London, England. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Good Indented From AH Parts of the World. Layritz Nursery Victoria, B.C. Dry Goods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc. Telegraphic Addresses: 'TURNER," Victoria; "BEETON," London; "TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson. Headquarters for Choice Nursery Stock. Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Small Fruit. Roses, Evergreens, etc., etc. Largest and best assorted stock in the country. Plants carefully packed for shipment to the Interior. Catalogue and Price List on Application. IS ■ini nut. 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. {.EGG, SEND FOR SAMPLF0.. Manager. THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. Incorporated by Act of Parliament. CAPITAL all paid up,$12,000,000.00. HEAD OFFICE: RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00 MONTREAL. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald ; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E. S. CLOUSTON, General Manager. A. Macnider Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. W. S. Clouston Inspector of Branch Returns. F. W. Taylor Assistant Inspector. JAMES AIRD, Secretary. Montreal—H. V. MEREDITH Manager. Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall,Deseronto,Fort William, Goderich, Guelph, Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth, Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's, Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N. B.; Frederickton, N. B.; Moncton, N. B.; St. John, N. B.; Amherst, N. S.; Halifax, N. S.; Sydney, N. S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of- British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. BRANCHES IN CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank- of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E. O, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States—New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain—London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank, the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—The British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers ix the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N, B. A. Boston—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED ' The Brnk of* British Columbih, HEAD ORIFICE: TORONTO. PAID UP CAPITAL $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 65,000,000 HON. GEO. A.. COX, president. B. E. WAJoKER, General Manager. LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E.C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, Fernie. White Horse. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every des- . cription of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. Nanaimo Saw Mill and Sash and Door Factory, OFFICE : MILL STREET, NANAIMO, B. C. .^k_. HZ^^-SXj-A-DVII^ Peopeietoe. Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, "White Pine, Redwood, &c. Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. THE IS COVERED IN THE ENTIRE AMERICAN MINES ANNUAL. UNITED STATES Of the Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead and Zinc Mining- and Milling companies. Gives exact location, equivalent to nearest post office, officers, capitalization, business address, equipment of plant, stamps, smelter, cyanide, manager or superintendent thereof. Just PUBLISHED. ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, ACCURATE and CONCISE. All interested in Mining should have a copy. Best office reference work. Over two years in preparation by a specialist. Large advance subscription. PRIGE $5.00. First Edition limited to 3,000 copies. Sent PREPAID to any address Send for Prospectus). by the publishers. GEO. E. VIGOUROUX & CO., 1278 Broadway, New York City. THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining & Land Co. | ( LIMITED) (FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY.) Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast v6 Vb if/ W W NANAIMO COAL (Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. SOUTHFIELD COAL Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Goal House and Steam Coal), are Mined by this Company Exclusively. \fc \fc ifr W \6 THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL 's used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favourite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Special despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. »f» *§• *?/• SAMUEL M. ROBINS, Supt., Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES Canadian Paeifle Railway SOO-PACIFIC LINE. i^W^WWWJ^W THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. v^Wl^VW^W Lowest Rates. -A TO ALL POINTS IN Best Equipment. T Canada and United States. For full particulars as to rates, time, and Gopies of C. P. R. publications, apply to Or to B. W. GREER, m Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. O. RITHET & CO. WHOLESALE MERCHANTS, SHIPPING AND INSURANCE AGENTS. Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Outer Harbour, Columbia Flouring Mill, Enderby, and Vernon Mills, Vernon. Agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing Company, Cheminus, V. I.; Victoria Canning Co'y of British Columbia; Fraser River, Skeena River, and River's Inlet Canneries ; Skeena River Packing Company, Skeena River ; Pacific Coast Steamship Company, San Francisco ; Scottish Union & National Insurance Company of Edinburgh; Lancashire Insurance Company of England; Queen Insurance Company of America (Fire); and English and American Marine Insurance Co. LLOYD'S HGENCY WHHRF STREET, iZICTORIK, B. C Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. Time Table Effective October 15th, 1901. ALASKA ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Steamship Amur every fifteeu days, connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. VICTORIA—VANCOUVER ROUTE. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a.m. Leave Vancouver daily at x.15 p.m. NORTHERN B. C. COAST ROUTE. S- S. Tees. Leave Victoria p.m.. 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month, VICTORIA—NEW WESTMINSTER ROUTE. S. S. Yosemite. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wed nesdays and Saturdays a. m. Calling at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. NEW WESTMINSTER—CHILLIWACK ROUTE. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilli- wack Tuesdays, Thnrsdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Ca'ling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. NEW WESTMINSTER—STEVESTON ROUTE. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster dally 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., 7 a. m.; Fri., 6_a.m.; Sat. Calling at.Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. 6 p.m. WEST COAST ROUTE. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Claoose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ahouset, for Cape Scott and Intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For full particulars as to time rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P. R. agent or to J, W. TROUP, Manager, VICTORIA. E. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VANCOUVER ^^^^^^w^ww^^^w^^^^w^ww^w^ The Hudson's Bay Company H K1C B: G-ElsrEJR^^L STORES K T Baie de Peres Battleford ;, ]?&$&$?$'■'■ Chapleau l$'M& DAUPfllN Deloraine • Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lethbr-idgb Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa MORDEN Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'ApPEgji^vl quesnblle Rat Portage Riding Mount£Jxi&'.- Shoal Lake ^jwjiSuDBURY Touchwood Hills Vancouver Victoria i &£'Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers w.ttPfind at these Stores the best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the world. Hand Hock Drills Have you seen our new 2-inch driji,?, Just the thing for light work. Rossland, B. C. Greenwood, B. C. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carfewe|| Actien Gesellschaft. Hnlheim on RMne MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS Al$$X CABLES Y'aEJectrlO Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement.for avoiding fire-damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superior qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA: WATSON JACK & CO. montreaC 77773! EVERY BELT GUARANTEED 7 GEfKUIflE OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTIfIC For Exposed Situations Use "Lancashire" Hair Belting. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. CATALOGUE AND DISCOUNTS 0)1 AMPLICATION. WM * mmmm RICKARD & MCCONE, 21-23 Fremont St., San Francisco. Machinery Merchants. We are at the same place and carry the same stock of Mine and Mill Machinery and Supplies As was handled by PARKE & LACY COMPANY, And we have added thereto other lines. Particularly Electric Generators and Motors. HARRON, A. J. MoCONE, 2nd Vioe-Pres. of Fulton Engine Worjis. Los Angeles and Fuli&n Epumfry,;^Virginia City. 306 Byrne Building, Los Angeles. Cor. Chester Ave. and 20th St., Bt oi&iSiSi ——'■---■. ,7 : . AKERSFIELD. We are prepared to make estimates on complete plants of Machinery either f. o. b. cars San Francisco or installed. WRITE FOR CATALOGUES. In writing, mention this paper. NOW RUNNING. lRGinc am IS The Pelton Water-Wheel Co. 127 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Hadfield'sf Patent Manganese Steel. Manganese Steel is made by Hadfield's Steel Foundry Co., Ltd., Sheffield, udder the Hadfield System and Patents. •laities 1®P:: i©; >® pins and Bushes, Patent Removable Shell Tumblers, Improved Cast Steel Tumblers. .Steel Gearing for Dredgers.. Built-up Dredger Buckets, const ing of Best Cast Steel Back Casting fitted with Manganese Steel Bushes, with Rolled SteeTLip, with Back and End Plates all rivetted firmly together. Manganese Steel Crushers," Plates* Roll Shells-,' Shoe and Dies, Steel Castings and Forgings. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: Francis T. Peacock, M. E, 204 St. dames St., MONTREAL. WRITE FOR DREDGER CATALOGUE. mMmimmk Published by The B. C. Record, Ld. Ig^lgjI^H Printed by the "Ceflobist,'' Victoria, Canada. This Month: " The Arlington Tramway, etc." (ILLUSTRATED). i""Wi. VOL. IX. MARCH, J902. No. 3. THilliNlLECTRIClClMPANY, Electric Motors. Blowers. Mot||r3i Fai$$i7 Dynamos. Electric Mii^rig Apparata^i' V||toRI4 K7 ' ^ w Elecpcaif Construction KrAN#OUVER|B. C. Not an Experiment; in General Use Throujjhouljgihe World. SLNew JacksoiHand Power Rod Drill Operated by ONE mail^&perforrn work ^fefTHREE men drilling with bits and hammers. MA.DE OF STEEL, guaranteed ag^iljtfisj^ibreakage for two years. Exte^swfW'jup6d in United States^^Testimonials show this drill has in many instances reduced the cosfjof mining by one half. w-Easietsio operate fcaan to drill by bit a^^ft^ SAVJ|& ITS COST EVERY MONTH. :$^ifefor catalogue and testimonials. fcj§. D. O^IPPEN, 52~ J|roadway, N#W YORK. SOLE liilA.nsrTTE'J^.OTTTS-EI?,. TK|E CiPPEp fCINGSLIMITED. If W Thf PA^| COAS§IVIE|riNC & REFINING |jORKS, j IW-'1- • Purchasers, Samplers and Smeltej&f.of Golc|^;Silver and Copper Ores, and Furnace Products. ^QRKSx $eal Blaff Landing, Cal. MINES^Ffesno County, Cal. OFFICES?r|procKer Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon fywse, T.to 11 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. m m w § PRICE, 20 CENTS. w\f YOU ARE BUILDING A HOUSeHj ifc itf il/ itt il/ to i \i/ i to i 3 \li \l/ § m I § MAMTCI O IN OAK, MAPLE, CHERRY, BIRCH, \|/ IwlMIN I faL»Q WHITE AND TILE. ^V l We Carry in Stock the Largest Assortment in Canada of FIRE PLACE GRATES IN ANY FINISH OR STYLE. Til INIf2 FOR FLOOH%VW**ilTH8, I I^II^IXa BATHROOMS. 4.C., AC. \k'i Brass F6nd$Hfey Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. PARQUETTE FLOORING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. Mil, le " :•£*•. LIMITED, .$S5> WHOLESALE HARDWARE, vM VANCOUVER, B.C. DAWSON, Y.T..& \l/ i 1 \l> il/ I il/ il/ il/ 1 il/ il/ Si THE (1 Q J With our Improve ddfitaod Safety Deviq^ggl^ Eg* pattern gab rod ahd>-|ra6k,j anS other special'-fe^turesti^' I -111111111 our design of t^'^SBfe^rj^feS ' V_.* ■■ , • _ V . ] gine, will comirientjp them-( selves to those requiring ifSSI Durability, Econoniy and Ease of Handling In this' principal item of a steam-power Complete Steam-power Plants designed, built and installed for operation. Our figures are at:y£H$i*-^' ^esrvjce, and we think you wirt find them reasonabl^^ Send for catalogues of anything in the irmtirig rn%^ chinery line7||||re^*i'request. THES^C&EsfMACHINtfleO. WM SHERBROOKE, QUE. -Jg|||f. Rossland, Creenwood, B.C, Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. rKlb KRUPP QRd50NWERl Madgeburg-Buckau (Germany.) $£§6 MINING MACHINERY ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of especially strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries—Shoes -g^d Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION I Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rlo'sGold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c. SEPARATION P CONCENTRATION: Separators, Exhaustors,^HydraflW!y Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jig- gers^Rbtating Round Tables. LEAG«fN$'XPLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT. (a) For Treating by the Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and Concentration. (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Djifr Extractibnsgind Leaching. GOAL WASrjINC PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. For CANfflA—Jas. W. PyRe & Co., 35 St. Francois Xitwer Stpeet, Montreal. For the UNITED$$TATES—Thos. Prosserl&Son, 15 GoldIjfawt, New Yorh. For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado'549, Mexjj&s;§ 'jsiartSOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltdi, P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S.A.R THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN r: DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) ®_V«_S>S'V«_9S"~s"_2>S"~:—@S-i SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLINC MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. S_A.___>T _EP_RA_N"OISOO O A T. LinK-Belt Elevators ^ Conveyors ^^^| For Handling Ores, Matte, Slag, Crushed Stone, Gravel, Cement, Sand, Water, etc. ®®®®&&&>®®®&®®>®®-® I PICKING TABLES, SHAKING | I AND REVOLVING SCREENS, | I COAL WASHING MACHINERY, <§ $ SHAFTING, ROPE SHEAVES, I PULLEYS, CLUTCHES, GEAR- | ING, ETC. Send for Catalogue. 'Link-Belt" Coal and Coke Breaker. . Link-Belt Box Water Elevator. Capacity 300 to 10,000 Gallons per Minute. LINK-BELT MACHINERY CO., Chicago, U. S. A. engineers, founders, machinists. Sorting Belts Have every possible advantage over PICKING TABLES Made of Wood or Iron. Send for New Illustrated Catalogue. Robins Conveying Belt Co., 18-21 Park Row, NEW YORK THE MINING RECORD. if : 1 ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. f ITOFS • PATDR ■ F0CE1T TBAISXX For Surface or TJndergroniid Surveys. This is the most accurate, compact and reliable Pocket Instrument made for preliminary surveys of every description. The case is of aluminum, 2% in., by 2% in., by 1 in.; weight eight ounces. There are nearly 1000 of the Pocket Transits in use by prominent mining engineers, mine managers, civil engineers and geologists in all parts of the world. WM. AINSWORTH & SONS, SOLE MANUFACTURERS. DENVER. COLO. U.S.A. (Cut about half size). Write for Catalogue B-4 for hill description. FOB S-_-.X_._a _B"_T B. C. ASSAY & CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B. C; W. F. TEETZEL & CO., Nelson, B. C; C. M. FASSETT, Spokane, Wash. JOHN TAYLOR & CO., San Francisco, Calif.; F. W. BRAUN & CO., Los Angeles, Calif. The B. G. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., -DIRECT IMPORTERS OF— ■ LIMITED, I /.S5/.YER5' If HILL SUPPLIEJ. Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners,, &c.; W. Ainsworth & Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices. Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. HEARN & HARRISON, (Established 1857.) Manufacrurers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., Montreal, Canada. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA STREET, DENVER, COLORADO. Established 1851. Incorporated 1895. ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, fline and THH-Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Chemicals, Chemical Glassware. Prospectors' Outfits. Special Agents for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England. Largest Stock of-Balances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc. Baker & Adamsons' Acids. Platinum-ware, Etc. Borax, Boneash, Cyanide Potassium, Manganese and. other heavy Chemicals at Manufacturers' Prices. Headquarters or Mining and Scientific Books. Piolflo Coast Agents for Wm. Air« votlh 4 Sods' Assay and Analytical Balances Illustrated Catalogue on Application JOHN TAYLOR & CO., 63 First St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. AXesohen &Sons Rope Go. S0LE MANUFACTURERS OF ■ PATENT FLATTENED STRAND ^liiMiPE SAFE DURABLE TRADfT MARK REG! STER E Ov WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. '*• ,ii_S!_fe-'««Su»' B-LMQ^^F||GTiVE^»_CONQM!C^LTMM __^_^_npg^ff3|^:-. .'^^pl^^^^^^tt^^^tlF'■;. •-::: J&*&** LESCHEiW^^ 5?*Nc«ioFiFice« 9* Centre Street, • New Torlri, M. T. 187 Kast Lake Street, - ChlcaJBSjQl. 85 Fremont Street, San Francisco, " * Geo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF ID O ~W t IF TJI-MIIF OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY. MINING PUMPS. Pumping Machinery of every WATER-WORKS PUMPS. possible Description.! s___]-Ti_) :_ro:R. o-_-.t-_-.lo<3-tt____ POWER PUMPS. ELEWVTINGlttiipl FOR MILLS,.FACTORIES, POWER 0^^( \ Designed for Handling Material of all kinds. , THE JEFFRlf MF6.C0. CoiOpftl Bullock Diamond Drills Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - A Gold Medal. M. C. BULLOCK MFG. CO., CHICAGO. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. RAILS. Before buying rails elsewhere get our quotations on 8, 12, i6-Jb. and larger rails in car-load and less than car-load lots. The Vancouver Engineering Works. Successors to ARMSTRONG & MORRISON, Office and Works : Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Boilermakers. VANCOUVER B. O. Improved GRIP PULLEY The Hallidie Ropeway FOR TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH, SUCAR OANE, ETC., BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical Durable. ®—llllll?-"® Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically. PatentSjNos. 483,442; 610,353. WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. tJBT Estimates furnished. Effective, Simple, Automatip. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. » Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal. Canton Steel Co. Works : CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse: DENVER, Colorado, STEEI J For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequal, led for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL The Dominion 'Wire Rope Co., mONTREHL, CHNHDR, MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. Ltd. "Lang's'' Patent Wire Ropes for Colliery and General Mining Purposes. Branches :—Halifax, N. S.; St. John, N.B.; [Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B.C. Nelson and Rossland, B. C. — THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. | Heavy Duty, First Motion CORLISS HOISTING MACHINERY. mm, Plants of the type illustrated herewith have recently been placed on the following well-known Cripple Creek, properties: AJAX, ELKTON, GOLD COIN, PORTLAND, STRONG, STRATTON'S INDEPENDENCE and VINDICATOR. Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg and Supply Co'y, DENVER, COLO, U S. A. THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers * * of •> * The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. INGERSOLL-SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. ' Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. j Catalogue and Details on Application to / R- A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. JWftjf| Sand for Catalogues and Specifications. Cunlifle & McMillan, Agents at Rossland. Vancouver Engineering Works, Vancouver, B. C. n The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine; cheap, safe and handy. Send for booklet. 962 EnS st. subway The Brackman & Ker milling Co., ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with the Best Quality of Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. BIX ROLLED\ _ . & l\. OATS. Victoria. Vancouver Nelson, Rossland. (Registered.) vanuuuvei. nuosianu. Ml' III New Westminster. Strathcona. ^^UllGCjUalled 111 tll6 World, f BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERIGa" PAID UP CAPITAL, 0- ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. £1,000,000 STERLINC. RESERVE FUND, -LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.- £350,000 STERLINC. -0 BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields —ATLIN and DAWSON CITY, A Savings Bank Department has been established in connection with the Victoria branch. Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgf., VICTORIA, B. C. The Mining Record. VOL. IX. MARCH, 1902. NO. 3. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining Interests of The Pa cific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. nORTIHER LAMB, rtanaging Editor. "Victoria, B. C, Office: Bank of Montreal Chambers. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E.C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. $2.00 2.50 SUBSCRIPTION TERHS: Canada and the United States, one year Great Britain and Foreign, one year Advertising Rates on Application. Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. C. Kecord, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. 0. PUBLISHERS NOTICE. The public is cautioned against having any dealings with a person calling himself L. T. or H. R. Terry, who is representing himself as an authorised agent of the British Columbia Record, Limited, and in this capacity has recently solicited subscriptions to the British Columbia Mining Record. THE FUEL SUPPLY QUESTION. THE possibility of an insufficient fuel supply for Canadian smelters has been mooted lately. That area of the Crow's Nest field which contains the best and most easily mined coal, is intersected by three creeks which cut the coal measures and the banks of whose canyons form the most economic, in fact the only economic, portals of the mines. Naturally these strategic points number six, two on each creek. Five of them are already under the control of the Crow's Nest Coal company. The south side of the Morissey creek is the only vacant mining site. It is argued that the government should immediately select its coal lands and include the south side of Morissey creek therein, in order to have an effective leverage against the Crow's Nest Coal company in the event of discriminative action against Canadian smelters becoming the policy of that company. As regards the general policy of opening up the American market to Crow's Nest coal and coke, there can be no two opinions. The cheap coal and coke on which our mining and smelting industries depend, can only be secured by a very large and regular output. The greater the market, the larger the output, and, up to a certain maximum at least, the less the cost of production per ton. The opening of the American market could not of itself interfere with the supply to Canadian smelters, unless it were coupled with a direct policy of discrimination against them to serve purposes ulterior to the mining and marketing of coal and coke. Do such purposes exist ? Do they exist in the minds of the present management of the Crow's Nest Coal company ? This does not appear to have been proven. A motive has been alleged which has not, so far as we know, given birth to any specific acts. But such a motive might come into existence at any moment, and therefore, it is most important that the vital fuel supply for our mines and smelters should not be the possession of an uncontrolled monopoly. The Crow's Nest Coal company, when incorporated, was recognised to be in the nature of a monopoly. Regulations were placed upon its operations, and that these regulations might be in no danger of evasion, " hostages for good behavior," as the Monetary Times, of Toronto, very correctly expresses it, were given. These hostages were 50,000 acres of coal lands to be selected by the government, and 3,840 acres to fall to the Canadian Pacific Railway company, that corporation, however, being debarred from mining coal before 1907. It is quite clear that if there is no economic outlet for the coal in these lands they will be quite ineffective as hostages.. Therefore the government, to safeguard the interests of the consumers, should lay hands on the south side of Morissey creek But it is also quite clear that, if the government leased this land to an independent company, that company could be only nominally independent of either the Canadian Pacific Railway company, or of the Great Northern Railway company. If it were really controlled by the former, that would be an evasion of the contract made at the time of the incorporation of the Crow's Nest company, if by the latter then the fuel monopoly would be complete and the hostages for its regfulation virtually surrendered. We sub- mit that the proper course for the government is to reserve this land with its valuable mining site. Then if the Crow's Nest Coal company shows by any overt act that it is prepared to violate the provisions safeguarding the interests of Canadian consumers, of whom the Canadian Pacific Railway company is the chief, such action might be taken by the government as would ensure a competitive supply even to the extent of permitting the Canadian Pacific Railway company, or a company controlled by that corporation, to mine the coal, To act now as if the Crow's Nest Coal company were already a guilty party, would be as unfair to that company, as 79* 80 THE MINING RECORD. it would be dangerous to the consumers to permit the Crow's Nest Coal company to occupy a position in which it might violate the regulations imposed upon and accepted by it, with impunity. B. C. MINES AND THE LONDON PRESS. THE revelations as to the relations existing between a certain class of newspaper in Great Britain and a certain class of company promoter, which have followed the public examination of Mr. Whitaker Wright, are precisely similar to those which followed upon the collapse of Mr. Ernest Terah Hooley. Strange as it may seem, the warnings of experience seem quite inadequate to prevent the absorption of the investor's capital in the maelstrom of London finance, instead of in the productive enterprises for which it is ostensibly subscribed. The means by which an inflated value is given to shares, and by which shares of no value at all are foisted upon the public, are simple in method, and surprisingly effective in result. In order that a market may be made in any group of shares, it is necessary that they should be continually in the mouths of all who affect an interest in such investments, and that fluctuations in their price, should afford an apparently dazzling opportunity for the small investor to make money by an appreciation in their market value. This individual is taught to avoid any contemplation of assets or dividends, and to fix his eyes only upon the making-up price at the end of every account. By that account he measures himself as richer or poorer at the close of every fortnight or so. This price is carefully maintained by companies, or syndicates, or individuals interested in the unloading of the shares upon the unfortunate person who becomes their ultimate owner. It is quite easy, and highly profitable to buy shares ninety- nine times, if they can be sold for the hundredth time at an advanced price. The element of risk, except the risk of going to prison, is entirely eliminated, if the method of Mr. Wright be adopted, that, namely, of using other people's money to carry on such operations. These market operations, however, would, by themselves, not accomplish the end in view. It is necessary that the public, as well as the manipulators, should be induced to deal in 'the shares. And this is effected through the co-operation of the financial press which is advisory as well as informative in its character. The promoter who understands his business finds a willing ally in the press, at all events a considerable section of it. The press is subsidised by means of calls in the shares desired to be unloaded. If, through the agency of press puffing, the shares are rigged to a high price, the newspapers met the difference between the price at which their calls are issued, and the price at which they transfer their holdings to the public. Payment is thus made by results, and efficient service on the part of the newspapers secured. Mr. Whitaker Wright, in his public examination, had the audacity to defend this system, or at least to excuse it, as inevit able and necessary in connection with company promoting in London. He said that any profit made by the newspapers did not injure the companies as it came not out of their coffers but out of the market. This admission was startling in the utter lack of moral perception which it disclosed. It frankly recognised the promoters and the newspapers as conspiring to swindle the public through the agency of shares in public companies, which the public was induced to buy at a higher price than they were worth. The whole system would seem to point to a systematic corruption which the singling out of one promoter here and there for punishment does nothing to eradicate, and but little to abate. The money which is found to set the ball rolling is found by shrewd men who expect to be participators in the profits of market manipulation. The buying and selling ramifies and spreads through the community, each astute purchaser expecting the shares to be forced to a still higher price, knowing nothing and caring less about the merits of the property they represent. It is really a game of " last man out," and the last man is inevitably the/credulous and unsuspecting but bona fide investor. In this system the head and front of the offending is the fraudulent promoter. But it may be asked whether the abuse is remedied by his punishment and exposure, whether he is not the natural and inevitable outcome of a financial corruption which substitutes gambling for enterprise and the desire to fleece your neighbour for the aspiration to earn legitimate profits for yourself. As it affects the interests of the investor this system of company promotion is of no particular interest to the people of British Columbia. They have not any large accumulations of capital to invest, and, for what they have, they avoid London companies like a pestilence or a reptile. As for the English investor, we would only be too glad to protect him if he displayed any willingness to be protected. Occasionally he shows a faint desire to learn something about the mines in which his money is at stake. When he does, he is as likely as not to address inquiries to a British Columbia journal about the position and prospects of Stratton's Independence mine at Cripple Creek in Colorado. But the interests of British Columbia, nevertheless, are very seriously affected by the methods of company promotion adopted in Great Britain. It is hardly too much to say that they are at least four times as costly as those in vogue by the people of other countries, and that the mines so handled have to be four times as rich to give satisfaction as would be ample to recompense Canadian or American investors. When our mines fail to come up to this exaggerated demand upon them the tendency is to give the country a bad name, to quarrel with its resources, legislation or industrial conditions. This tendency it is needless to say, is carefully fostered by promoters, lest inconvenient attention may be drawn to their own mismanagement and rapacity. Of course what we have been saying is not true of all London promoters and companies, but it is true that it is almost THE MINING RECORD. 81 impossible to introduce to the British public companies reasonably capitalised and amply endowed with working funds because such companies cannot afford to be bled in the manner necessary to secure their proper advertisement. Consequently the stream of capital is either checked or flows only from a spring polluted by inflation and misrepresentation, if not actual fraud. The conditions are exceedingly propitious at the present time for a renewal of interest in British Columbia on the London market. A foundation of solid achievement is being laid by companies whose shares are largely unknown and neglected. But is there any ground to hope that with renewed interest the old abuses will not flourish as luxuriantly as before. If they do, no permanent prosperity can be built up in the industry of mining by such a system, and for solid development upon a reasonable and productive basis we must still look to capital from Eastern Canada and the United States, assisted by private companies and syndicates financed in Great Britain. From the great bubble corporations blown upon the London market we can only look in the future for what we already have to regret in the past, namely, a short period of unreal activity followed by very real depression, and an attempt to place the sole responsibility for the latter upon the natural resources, legislative enactments or industrial conditions of the Province. COPPER THE QUESTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND. THE period of violent fluctuation in the price of copper appears to be over. After plunging downwards to a virtually panic price it has recovered a little and is now endeavouring to find a stable mean at which to rest. There are those who profess to see in the recent events in the copper market nothing more than the results of an internecine strife between the main producers. It is more scientific and more correct to admit that the operating cause was the law of supply and demand breaking through and asserting its supremacy over the artificial restrictions some of the main producers have been endeavouring to impose upon it. In the November issue of the Mining Record, before the facts then visible with regard to the supply of and demand for copper had materially influenced the highly artificial price of the metal, we took the following view of the market situation :— " There is no trust in the world strong enough to control or limit the production uf copper except by permitting the demand to regulate the price. If, in the face of a supply in excess of the demand, the Amalgamated Copper company endeavours to maintain the pi ice of copper at from 16 to 17 cents a pound, its success will only last as long as its money does and that will not be very long. The success of a trust in .maintaining an artificial price of any commodity in a particular country is purely and simply a question of controlling trfe sources of supply in that country, and of being protected against outside competition by means of an import duty. It is true that the Amalgamated company controls between 50 and 60 per cent, of the copper produced in the United States. Suppose it limited production in the mines it was able to control, and at the same time maintained the price at its present level, it would be only placing a bonus upon 1 he production of mines it was unable to control, and fostering the development of new countries and new mines to enter into competition with it. . . . It is, however, extremely unlikely that the Amalgamated Copper company will embatk on any such Quixotic enterprise. Its immense resources may indeed be used, and widely used, to steady the market, and prevent undue fluctuations from purely temporary causes, but we do not credit that company with any wild intention of tilting up against the law of supply and demand in reference to such a commodity as copper. Therefore, the only outlook at present seems to be a lower range of prices, and we rather think that so far as the producer is concerned, that lower range of prices is already becoming apparent in the contracts for matte being entered into now." Subsequent events have proved how accurate our diagnosis of the market's symptoms was ; they have justified and confirmed the view that the fall in copper was due to natural causes which the manipulations of the most powerful company could not prevent, not to an outbreak of competitive rivalry for the control of the copper market. It is interesting to compare the operations of the Secrelan syndicate which resulted in such a disastrous collapse, with recent events in the copper-producing industry. The Secretan syndicate endeavoured to limit the output of copper by agreement among the producers. It then proceeded to enhance the price by speculative purchases, and to maintain it by carrying all the copper which was offered. In marked contrast with the purely artificial character of that boom the late high price of copper was induced by an expansion of industry which carried the demand for-copper beyond the supply. Consequently the situation was inherently stronger so long as the exceptional demand continued. But just so soon as it abated the price could only be maintained by adopting the same methods of accumulation practised by the Paris syndicate. The longer this went on the more serious the disturbance to the industry which was bound to follow. Fortunately a halt was called before complete temporary demoralisation of the copper mining industry became inevitable. The arrangement which, it is reported, has now been arrived at between the Amalgamated Copper company and the Rio Tinto company, appears to be an arrangement for the gradual reabsorption of an accumulated surplus of copper by consumers, rather than an attempt to artificially control the market. It has had the effect of steadying the market and of averting anything in the nature of a panic. A similar method was adopted in dealing with the accumulations of copper made by the Secretan syndicate. The future price of copper depends upon whether its present price is low enough to allow of the rapid absorption of the surplus, and to prevent undue encroachment upon the market of new sources of supply. If the limitation of output by the main producers is counterbalanced by continued and growing competition on the part of new producers, the - main producers will eventually be forced to market the copper they are now retaining in their mines at a lower price. If, on the other hand, expansion of demand can now overcome increase of production from new sources, the copper market has arrived at a condition of stable equilibrium, and may even display a tendency towards higher prices as the surplus disappears. Apart from a severe check to industry, an industrial depression, seriously decreasing the demand for copper, 82 THE MINING RECORD. and upsetting all present calculations, there is no feature in the present situation which need cause alarm to those interested in copper mining in British Columbia. British Columbia, as we have pointed out before, possesses resources which permit of copper being mined and manufactured and marketed, as cheaply as in any other country. Our copper ores usually contain gold and silver as by-products. We have coal and coke, timber and water power in abundance and in close proximity to our copper mines. The day which sees decadence in copper mining in British Columbia, will see its total destruction in many other parts of the world. Thus we see that, at the present time, in spite of a lower price and, presumably, smaller profits, our mine owners are reaching forward to a greater expansion and development of the industry. A LONDON FINANCIAL PAPER AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. . 'HE London Economist in its issue of the 25th of January, publishes an article from its "Special Mining Commissioner " which is a gem of inaccurate depreciation. It professes to deal with British Columbian mines. The article begins by stating :—" No mining country, in my mind, is associated with such absolute disappointment as British Columbia. Three years ago when I was there first, mines were starting up everywhere ; to-day most of these are closed down, and the remaining ones are making no profit." If this correspondent would study external facts instead of his own mind and what exists therein, he would not make so egregious an assertion as that. During 1901 tons of ore mined, gross value of metals extracted, and dividends distributed all show a satisfactory increase. The value of British Columbia's output of the precious metals has just doubled since 1899, which this correspondent refers to as a halcyon year of promise. After a paragraph of generalisations which can only be described as appalling, the correspondent goes on :— " Now, let us look more closely into some of these statements. I was in Rossland just over two months ago. This was thought some years back to be likely to turn into a great gold field. But as the lodes were opened in depth they were found to be highly unreliable. The ore is found in lenges only, not in permanent reef bodies ; the values run in chutes which come and go—principally go—in the most distract- ingly irregular way, and the lodes, being replacement or secondary formations, .may themselves suddenly cease to exist at certain depths. Thus, all these ore bodies lying on the slopes of Red Mountain, which once looked so promising, are to-day but a sorry lot of speculations." It is only fair, however, to state that one of these sorry speculations is afterwards referred to as " essentially a big mine." The use of the word " essentially " in this connection is a reflection more on the editor of the Economist than on anyone else. How any editor of even ordinary discrimination could have permitted a contributor to so essentially contradict himself passes comprehension. For either the opinion of this correspondent on the Le Roi mine is not worth having, or else his description of the present condition of the Rossland district is a farrago of nonsense. So far any self- respecting editor could have detected his correspondent's inaccuracy and untrustworthiness. But anyone knowing anything of Rossland could go further and assert with confidence that the alternatives are mutually exclusive in appearance only, and that the correspondent's facts are as incorrect as his opinion is valueless. The Nelson district is dismissed as follows :— " In the Nelson district nearly every mine is moribund. Nothing ever seems to happen. The Hall Mines, a silver and copper property, works away now and then with no real result. The Athabasca just keeps its nose above water. The Granite-Duncan-Poorman group is in a dense mist, and the Dundee, Fern, Porto Rico, and such like are what would be called in Australia tripe. The Ymir alone remains. It has opened, although I have not seen it for three years, into the excellent mine I thought it would. Shareholders must remember, however, that it is not sound business to value a quartz mine with, say, three years' ore in sight on the 10 per cent, dividend basis. Let the directors of the Ymir put their extra profits into mine development. If they pay away all the profits, it will look too much as if big holders were anxious to put the shares above their intrinsic value and get out." We should have thought that everybody knew that after a long siege of mismanagement and consequent distress the Hall Mines had been reorganised on a paying basis and was making satisfactory profits. As to the other properties mentioned their output has always been small except the Ymir, whose directors will no doubt be astonished to learn that they have not been pursuing a conservative course. The cream of the whole article, however, is the reference to the Boundary district:— " In the Boundary district quite a flourishing smelting industry had sprung up. The ores are low-grade copper, with small gold and silver contents, and they were being smelted at the lowest cost of treating copper ores in the world. But the gross value of the ore was very small. At a big price for copper a little profit was made, but now that copper has fallen I don't see how these properties fan possibly work at a profit. They are owned by Canadian capital. This slump in copper, and the coming slump in lead, and perhaps silver, threatens to close a lot of low-grade mines in British Columbia, and throw thousands out of employment." Quite a flourishing smelting industry had sprung up. According to this authority, it is now apparently no longer in existence and there are no thirty tons of blister copper being produced daily. We learn also that a lot of low-grade mines in British Columbia are to be closed down throwing thousands out of employment. The impossibility of this,, when most of the mines are closed down already, might have occurred to the editor of the Economist. This sort of article appearing in English newspapers is very irritating and very damaging. But we ourselves, the people of this Province, are largely responsible for it. We have taken, and are taking, no trouble to have the facts about the country widely known. Have we any right to complain when we have left the field to malice, ignorance and misrepresentation ? This article in the Economist is really a crystali- sation of the opinion held abroad of British Columbia. The resuscitation of dogs with a bad name is a no easy task. Even in the Province itself detraction and depreciation have been used in the heat of internal controversy. Ugly-looking birds our own chickens are when they come home to roost, are they not? The Mining Record is the one feeble little voice which speaks abroad with the authority of accurate information, apd what between the clouds of depreciation outside the THE MINING RECORD. 83 Province and the apathy towards its best interests within its own borders, that voice has frequently been nearly smothered. AMERICAN ENTERPRISE AND COAST MINING. MINING on the coast of British Columbia and on Vancouver Island is taking on a new phase which is most important from the point of view of production. One by one the more developed properties are emerging from the condition of prospects, handicapped by financial difficulties, and intermittently productive for the purpose of warding off the sheriff, into that of mines financed by strong companies, with ample funds for development, and in a position to study economy of operation. Once having arrived at this stage, the Coast will develop rapidly in respect to the mining industry ; but it must be confessed that it has taken a long time to arrive. Failures and misfortunes have, from time to time, set this portion of the Province back. But in addition to positive failures in mining operations, there has been a sad failure to recognise the mineral resources of the district. Until within a short time ago, the universal note was one of depreciation of the mineral resources of the Coast and of Vancouver Isband. Nowhere was this note of depreciation more loudly sounded than right on the spot. The reason for this was probably, that not being themselves experienced in mining, the people of Victoria and Vancouver relied far too much upon authority and far too little upon that faith which defies authority, and moves mountains, and makes mines. The spirit of the engineer is critical and rightly so ; the man who develops a mine cannot afford to be critical. If he were, he would succumb under the disappointments and difficulties which assail him at every step. The Mining Record has a number of candid friends who are never quite happy because we do not maintain an attitude of carping and lugubrious pessimism towards the present condition and future prospects of the mining industry in British Columbia. • We stirred up a number of these last summer, when we ventured to assert that production was increasing rapidly. How far ahead the facts were of even our anticipations, must be fresh in the memory of all. No doubt many of them will be apt to feel, in reading this article, that we are endeavouring to generate a sentiment of false enthusiasm in reference to the Coast, and likely by /injudicious recognition of possibilities to inaugurate an injurious boom. Nothing is farther from our intentions. But it is permissible to point out that if the mining developments of the last two years had been outlined two years ago, it would have been regarded as booming of the most pernicious kind, and yet that the public sentiment so engendered towards the Coast districts would have been true to the facts, whereas the sentiment actually existing at that time was not merely depressing, but actually false. It is not by any means an easy task to appreciate resources with such nice discrimination, as not to give apparent encouragement to wildcat enterprises which prey upon the credulous investor. But we feel, and feel very strongly, that developments are taking place now in the Coast districts which will carry them as far beyond present anticipations, as the facts of to-day are beyond the anticipations of two years ago. A very curions and interesting feature of these developments is that they are due to initiative enterprise and capital from the United States. The Britannia mine, the Van Anda mine and the Marble Bay mine have all recently passed into American control. Capital which comes into a country comes into it to stay and it does not matter much where it comes from. Even the profits are largely reinvested and made fruitful in their turn. The important thing is to get capital, not to get it from any particular source. Our experience of English capital in this country has been singularly unfortunate. Extravagance, mismanagement and waste have, in some fatal manner, seemed to follow upon its entry. Whereas economy, development and profits have signalised each invasion of mining capital from the United States. So that there is little doubt that the present incursion into the mining territory of the Coast will at least serve our pockets, if it does not suit our prejudices. It is certainly odd that British capital should have turned its back upon the Lenora mine, the Britannia mine and the Van Anda mine, and that local an American enterprise should have immediately taken them up in a business-like, intelligent, and likely to be successful, manner. And it is not less remarkable that as an immediate result, a feeling of hope and confidence should pervade the community which the operations of British capital were never able to inspire. The earlier development of the United States was almost entirely achieved by British capital or by continental capital invested through the agency of English companies. This has nearly all been reabsorbed by the Americans themselves. A similar movement is taking place in Canada. But the capital employed is American and not British. There is no necessity to take alarm at this. Capital is not influenced by, nor does it influence national sentiment. The United States did not lose any of its national independence through the obligations it was under to Great Britain. It is just as unlikely that Canada should lose its national independence through its obligations of a, similar nature to the United States. American capital we eagerly welcome and the more highly the enterprise which brings it here is remunerated, the better we are pleased. The reports and accounts of the Cariboo, Camp McKinney, mine were presented to the shareholders early in February and a dividend of i^_ cents per share declared. In anticipation of a favourable report the shares rose very rapidly from 15 to 33 cents, but since the publication of the report have been decidedly weaker, partly, no doubt, because the speculative interest in them has been relaxed, and partly, because the position of the THE MINING RECORD. mine as disclosed is not particularly bright, though in some ways sound enough. It appears that Mr. George Macaulay presented the company with $30,000 to be expended in certain development work which he conceived would strengthen the reserves and increase the value of the mine. Whether this work has been as conclusive as it might have been is not easy to decipher, but there is no doubt that the mine's development and ore reserves are in a fairly satisfactory condition. During the year it earned $14,000 or thereabouts, over and above the expenditure provided for by this donation. So that at the end of the year there were $59,000 in hand, made up from $15,000 carried forward, $30,000 donated, and $14,000 earned. Out of this, the directors have distributed 13^ cents per share leaving a balance of over $30,000 to be carried forward. The directors were quite justified in this course, provided they do not consider that as large a percentage of earnings need be spent on development during the coming year. During last year, roughly, $2 per ton of ore milled were spent on development and machinery. The drain on the profits of the mine may be lessened either by the expenditure of a smaller gross sum or by a greater average value of the ore milled Presumably the directors were not acting in the dark in deciding to distribute a larger proportion of the funds in hand than the net proceeds of the mine, after all operating expenses were met, justified. The position of the mine is much better than it was a year ago, although large net profits are never likely to characterise its operations in the future. Wise shareholders will regard any considerable increase of profits from the discovery of high-grade ore as an acceptable donation, not from Mr. Macaulay, but from Nature, rather than as a reason for any material permanent enhancement of the capital value of their holding's. without any opportunity of individual participation therein. The frequency with which articles on the Athabasca mine appear in the columns of the technical press indicates that that property is of exceptional interest from a scientific point oPview. It reminds us of some peculiarly complicated medical "case" which sets the whole world of medicine agog with interest. Medical " cases," however, are generally unhappy in themselves, and unprofitable as members of society. It is with mines as it is with men, those who show the fewest deviations from the normal are likely to be the most satisfactory from a practical point of view. They are not interesting to specialists, the end of mining is not the building up of an exact science of mining, but the profitable extraction of mineral, and the science ef mining is subordinate to that object. The science of mining is largely constructed from the observation of peculiarities in vein structure and the occurrence of mineral. But such peculiarities are highly expansive to shareholders, and it is perhaps unfortunate that they seldom profit as individuals by the difficulties their experience has taught others to anticipate and avoid. Just as the unfortunate medical " case " may give others similarly or likely to be similarly afflicted, a better chance of health and happiness, Our excellent contemporary the Critic, of London, in a recent issue vigorously attacked the Hon. J. H. Turner, the newly appointed agent-general of British Columbia in London, pointing out that his unfortunate connection wi h the notorious Morris-Catton swindles unfitted him to hold so responsible a post. The Critic argued that either Mr. Turner knew what he was about in associating himself with Catton, or he did not. If he did know he is as big a rascal as Catton, if he did not then he shows himself to be an irresponsible person, and neither a rogue nor a fool should be the accredited representative in London of so important a part of the Empire as British Columbia. Generally applied the Critic conclusions would be sound enough, but we in British Columbia who know and respect Mr. Turner refuse to admit that because he made one " bad break " he is either fool or knave. If ever there was a thoroughly honest public man Mr. Turner is one, and even as things are a man can't be utterly incapable to hold cabinet rank in the Provincial Legislature for a period extending over a dozen or so years. The Critic .states further that Catton's Golden Twins fraud was perpetrated under Mr. Turner's very nose, which would seem to imply an abnormal development in that feature ; for the Golden Twins mine is in Ontario, some two thousand miles away, and not in British Columbia as suggested. Our contemporary's article was manifestly well intentioned, but even Mr. Hess in his life time may have been guilty of more than one indiscreet action which he has since had reason to regret or feel ashamed of, and, if so, he would not like to be judged by the standard of these mistakes. Is it therefore always quite fair to rake up old scores, or to pillory a man because his judgment was once at fault ? It is announced that the negotiations for the transfer of the I Pyritic " smelter at Boundary Falls to the Montreal & Boston Copper Co., owners of the Sunset mine near Greenwood, has been successfully consummated. This is very pleasing and welcome intelligence,, as the operation of another large smelter in the Boundary district means a further considerable increase of ore production from that territory. The company in question has already shown excellent judgment in the manner in which the Sunset mine has been placed upon a productive footing1. THE SILVER-LEAD INDUSTRY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. By Douglas Lay, A. R. S. M. THE New Year opens with brightened prospects for ±he silver-lead industry of the Province, The recent reduction in the freight and treatment rates on lead ores announced by the smelting companies, is a material concession, and will go far to alleviate the state of depression incumbent upon a low metal market, and will lead to renewed activity on the part of many mines. Last year closed with silver-lead mining at a virtual standstill, the low prices of lead and silver, coupled with the prevailing freight and treatment rates, permit- THE MINING RECORD. 85 ting of the shipment of only very rich ore, while many mines found it quite impossible to ship at all under the then conditions, and had perforce to close down entirely, or proceed only with development work. The more favourable conditions now prevailing, however, will greatly encourage the mining companies, and in many cases will make all the difference between profitable and unprofitable operation. The present concession on the part of the smelters, amounting to practically a reduction of $4 per ton in the freight and treatment rates of lead ores, is certainly liberal, but there are conditions adhering thereto which did not apply to the former rate, and which rather detract from the advantages of the new rate, so far as the miner is concerned. The new conditions are :— (1). The amount of zinc treated without penalty (50 cents per unit over 8 per cent.) is reduced from 10 per cent, to 8 per cent. (2) To avoid the risk increased by the smelters in buying metals on a falling market, they will pay, upon receipt of ore, only 90 per cent, of its net value as calculated from the market then prevailing. Final settlement will be made 90 days later, when any depreciation in market value will have to be stood by the mine, and on the other hand a rise in value of the metals will be made up by the smelter. To far as the growth, development, and ultimate well-being of the mining industry of the Province is concerned, the question of freight and treatment rates is of paramount importance, the great majority of the ore demanding the intervention of the smelter. But it is a question that must ever be a vexed one, and so far as treatment rates are concerned perhaps no basis of settlement will ever be arrived at equally satisfactory to both miner and smelter alike. The smelter from his unassailable position, perhaps justly, regarding the miner as ever prone to cavil, and deeming that his (the miner's) proper attitude should be one of patient submission, rather than of aggressive self- assertion. While the miner, on his part, unable to possess himself of the belief that his ore is smelted merely as an act of accommodation, ever clings to the conviction that smelting rates were framed entirely for the benefit of the smelter, to the complete exclusion of his own interests. Be that as it may, and without in any way taking up the brief of the miner, a contrast between the gross net values of silver-lead ores as calculated upon the new basis of settlement will be of interest. Lead $2.25 per 100 lbs. Silver 55 cts. per Oz. and a freight treatment rate of $15 per ton (as against the old rate of $19 per ton) we have : GROSS VALUE PER TON. Lead, 1,000 lbs. @ $2.35 per 100 lbs $23 50 Silver, 30 ozs. at 55 cts 16 50 Total gross value $40 00 NET VALUE PER TON, AS ALLOWED BY SMELTER. Lead, smelter pay for lead at London quotation less $1.00 per 100 lbs. after 10 per cent, of lead contents, as calculated per assay, have been deducted. 1,000 lbs. lead less 10 per cent.—900 lbs. 900 lbs lead @ $1.35 per 100 lbs $12 15 Silver, smeller pay for silver at New York quotation deduct- 5 per cent, of silver contents as calculated by assay. 30 ozs. silver less 5 per cent. =28.5 ozs. 28.5 ozs. @ 55 cts. per oz 15 67 $27 82 Deduct freight and treatment 15 00 Total net value $1282 Smelting charges are based upon a 10 per cent, loss of lead contents, as determined by fire assay (a loss of about 11.7 per cent, of ultimate lead contents), and upon a 5 per cent, loss of silver contents. Thus in the case of an ore carrying 50 per cent, lead, and 30 grs. silver per ton (which ore will perhaps represent the average of the silver-lead ores of British Columbia) with market quotations. It will be seen from the above that the difference between gross and net value of lead ores is very marked. Moreover, when from the net value as above given has been deducted the total cost of mining the ore and placing it on the railway cars, and also the government duty, the margin of profit accruing to the mining company is not great. However, the net value allowed by the smelter is greater by some 45 per cent, than that resulting from the old freight and treatment rate. The miner is prone to contend that in view of the many modern improvements in the metallurgical field, the high perfection to which the science of metallurgy has been brought, it is not unreasonable to suppose that in a large up-to-date plant this 10 per cent, of the lead contents and 5 per cent, of silver contents is not lost beyond recovery, and that while in the slag ultimate losses must of necessity occur, yet by means of suitable plant, a considerable proportion of this 10 per cent, of lead and 5 per cent, of silver contents, is susceptible of recovery. Without having access to detailed records of smelting campaigns, it is hazardous to state to what extent such a contention is justified. But there is abundant reason to maintain that the miner's estimate of the smelter's profits is, in the great majority of cases, excessive ; that in lead smelting (copper smelting is another matter) on a small scale, only a small profit accrues to the smelter, to use a colloquialism, there is " nothing in it." In the case of large lead- smelting plants there is reason to believe that it may be otherwise. " The man in the street," unburdened with technical knowledge, will promptly ask, why do not the various mining companies in the Province erect smelters of their own, if they are dissatisfied with smelting rates ? The answer is that in the great majority of cases that is impossible. Very rarely does one mine produce ore that can be smelted without admixture with other ores. " Wet " ores (i. e., ores rich in lead or copper) requiring to be mixed with " dry " ores (i. e., ores poor in, or ores containing no lead or copper). Without going deeply into technicalities, a " wet" ore requires a relatively large amount of "dry" ore for purposes of smelting. The following factors are of paramount importance in lead smelting and justify or notj as the case may be, the erection of a smelter in any district:— (1). The amount of ore in sight in the section of country where the smelter is to be built. Obviously a smelting works must have a certain supply of ore always on hand, and a continuous shipment must be guaranteed. (2). The character of the ores, as regards their essential fluxing properties, i. e., the amounts of iron, silica and lime, which they contain. Also the proportion of " wet" to " dry " in the district. (3). The presence or absence in the district oi fluxes, i. e., iron ore or limestone. There is a certain proportion of iron, silica and lime, which forms the most satisfactory smelting mixture in any district, and rarely, comparatively, can ores be mixed so as to yield this proportion without addition of some flux in the shape of iron ore or limestone, supplies of which should be consequently easily accessible. (4). The grade (i. e., richness in gold and silver) of the bullion, which can be produced. The grade of the bullion has to be kept within rather narrow limits, and 86 THE MINING RECORD. very low-grade bullion would not pay for refining at all. In other words, it is quite possible that a district might produce ores which, while suitable so far as their mere fluxing properties were concerned, yet on account of their values in gold and silver being too low, would render the profitable operation of a smelter an impossibility. (5). It is necessary to obtain a treatment rate on the maximum amount of material charged into the furnace. In other words the ores of the district must be capable of such admixture, that they require as small an addition as possible of mere flux — limestone or iron ore. Which latter are not only expensive in themselves, but also take up room in the furnace which might be occupied by ore. For example : Suppose in one case 500 lbs. of an ore A requires 500 lbs. of flux, and in another case 500 lbs. of ore A can be smelted by admixture with 500 lbs. of ore B, obviously in the latter case, the capacity of the furnace, so far as ore treatment is concerned, is doubled and the cost of smelting is reduced by one-half. It would seem then that while every credit is due the smelting companies for the assistance they are now rendering the mining interests at a time of depression, yet the lasting and permanent well - being of the mining industry as a who le, and of the silver-lead industry in particular, is dependent upon one of two events ; either (1). The operation of a refinery in the Province coupled with the imposition of a duty on all imported lead ; or (2). The erection of a co-operative smel ting and refining works at some central point in the Province, by the mining companies of the Province, which should be operated for their exclusive benefit, and in the advantages of which they would participate. Concerning this latter scheme, its .materialisation would doubtless involve the overcoming of many difficulties, and opposition would be met with. Nevertheless, whether feasible or not, it would seem ideal in its perfected state. The project at one time was taken up by one or two prominent mining men but for some reason or other no active measures resulted. It is to be deprecated that upon the devoted heads of the custom smelting companies much abuse has been wrongfully poured, they having been characterised as "vampires" and so forth. But it must be borne in mind that they, in particular those operating small plants, in many ways are placed at a disadvantage and Without doubt must have incurred serious losses of late, buying metals with the market rapidly falling. Since Mr, J. J. Campbb by the time they were able to market their product a serious depreciation in value must have resulted. Under the new basis of settlement, however, they will not be exposed to this risk, the miner bearing the responsibility. Further, it is not well to lose sight of the fact that smelting companies are not operating in this Province for the benefit of the mining companies exclusively. They are here, as are the latter, to make money— the argumentum ad hominem, for their existence. However, to the railway company and to the smelting companies it must be abundantly evident that in view of the improbability of any material increase in the price of lead, they must extend to the mining industry the utmost consideration that is compatible with the conservation of their own interests. Neither would it be by any means short-sighted policy on their part, were they to foster that industry, so far as lay within their power, at this early stage of its career. Such could be effected without any great act of self-abnegaiton being involved o n the part of those instrumental therein. As matters now stand, for silver - lead mining particularly, is the outlook brightening and while some few months ago it was impossible to contemplate the future other than with serious thought, if not with anxiety, now their is good reason to anticipate better times and a general renewal of activity. That British Columbia will ever be a South Africa or a Western Australia, the most sanguine will not for a moment contend. The nature of her ore, apart altogether from its extent, places the issue in such a position that it is within the realm of the impossible. But that British Columbia will prove fertile to a very resources there is abundant of the Hall Mining & Smelting Co. large extent in mining evidence to show. MINING MEN OF THE PROVINCE. We have much pleasure in reproducing herewith, as one of our series of photographs of " Mining Men of the Province," a recent portrait of Mr. J. J. Campbell, the exceedingly able and efficient agent and business manager of the smelting department of the Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Limited. Mr. Campbell is very closely identified with the mining industry in British Columbia, and is most active in every effort to promote its interests and welfare. THE MINING RECORD. 87 THE ARLINGTON TRAMWAY. By H. E. T. Haultain, C. E. THERE seems a prevailing idea that aerial tramways are necessarily complex devices requiring specialized skill, both in design and construction, and that their successful installation and operation is impossible without the use of innumerable patented devices. This doubtless is true of long lines with large capacity, but for short lines with a limited daily tonnage the problem is comparatively simple. There are many properties in the early stages of development where a cheap tramway would be of considerable benefit, the following account of the tramway at the Arlington mine, Erie, B. C, may be of interest : The line is 2,250 feet between bins and the difference in elevation is 500 feet. For the lower half of the line the cables are seven feet apart, but from the middle up they gradually come together and at the top are only three inches apart. This enables both buckets to load from the same chute. The standards are of simple design and construction. Their general plan can be seen from the photos. The highest standard is 58 feet high and is of the crossed type. The upper standards are of the open type to permit of the cables being close together. The method of supporting the cables is original with myself and is very simple and effective. Simple hooks 36 inches long and made by the mine blacksmith from iron one inch by two inch, are simply hung over the caps. On these hooks are placed simple cast-iron saddles grooved on the top to receive the cable and with a socket in the bottom to sit on the hook. The radius of the top curve is three feet and the length of the saddle /Erial Tramway at the Arlington Mine, Erie, B. C The two main standing cables are one inch in diameter and were obtained from The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., being the discarded rope from their long tramway. The working strains in their heavy long line are high and the rope has to be replaced before it is worn out and much of it is in excellent condition for stationary cables. It is anchored at the top by being passed twice around a log and then clamped. The log is placed behind two convenient stumps to which it is spiked. At the lower end each cable is passed around a convenient stump and after being hauled taut with a block and tackle and a horse, is simply clamped with three screw clamps. These main cables are supported by 11 standards besides the two terminals and the largest span is 280 feet. is 16 inches, and it being free to rock on the hook, allows of a very smooth passage for the buckets. 1 Besides cheapness and simplicity of construction these hooks have the added advantage of being free to swing on the caps, thus allowing the saddles to move with the cable, instead of the cables slipping in the saddles. The design of the buckets can best be gathered from the photographs. They have a capacity of between 12 and 13 cubic feet and carry an average load of 1,200 pounds. They are supported on a carriage with sheaves 30 inches between centres. The. sheaves are of ordinary cast iron 18 inches in diameter over all and with a groove three inches deep, and are connected by two iron bars four inches deep by half an inch thick. A steel pin midway between the sheaves supports the bale. The releasing trigger can be plainly seen in the photo. _*--> 88 THE MINING RECORD. It is automatically released by running up an inclined board at the lower terminal. The two buckets are fastened one at each end of a Upper Loading Station — Showing Trigger and General Construction of Bucket. steel cable 5/16 of an inch in diameter and of such a length that when one bucket is at the lower terminal the other is at the top. cable crosses itself just in front of the bull wheel and runs over two pair of guide wheels one foot in diameter and also rubber lined. Along the line it is supported on simple wooden collars, as shown in the photograph. As these become worn fresh slats are tacked on. These rollers have a one-inch iron pipe through the centre and run on iron rods. Though simple they are thoroughly effective and require little attention. The brake is an iron band shod with wood on a cast- iron brake wheel and is kept thoroughly lubricated with graphite and grease. An emergency brake is provided, consisting of a plank at the back of the bull wheel, and on this plank are two hardwood wheels one foot in diameter, placed to fit in the groove of the bull wheel and press the small cable into the rubber packing. This has so far not been required, but a coating of ice on the small cable or some such an emergency might, at some very particular moment, call for it. Our usual running rate is from eight to ten trips an hour, but over sixteen trips have been run in the hour without trouble. The lower anchor of the main cables is some 150 feet from the lower terminal bin, and to keep the two cables taut two boxes were hung from the middle of this span and loaded with about three tons of rock each. The complete cost of this tramway including everything excepting the bins and including the troubles attending the start, amounted to less than $2,300, or about $1 per foot. It has been running now for six months without any trouble whatever, and the only hitch that has occurred was from the grooves in the running sheaves filling up with soft snow. The addition of a tail rope might perhaps help the smooth running of the buckets, but has not been considered necessary. Lately an intermediate loading station has been built 300 feet from the upper one. The bucket is loaded with 300 or 400 lbs. at the upper station and this carries it to the intermediate station, where 900 lbs. are added and the trip is completed in the usual way. Loaded Bucket in Transit. This cable passes completely around a four-foot bull wheel lined with ordinary !y& inch rubber packing. The MINERAL OCCURRENCES AT WHITE HORSE. By J. P. Whitney . THE town of White Horse, the eastern terminal of the White Pass & Yukon railway, is situated on the Fifty-mile river, two miles below the famous White Horse rapids. It is the head of navigation and the gateway to the Yukon gold fields. The town boasts of four general merchandise stores, seven hotels, and numerous restaurants and saloons. The Canadian Bank of Commerce has a branch house established, and a newspaper, The Daily Evening Star, chronicles the happenings from the outside world in the publication of telegraphic despatches. The post office, a two-story building, erected at a cost of $20,000, also tbe Dominion telegraphic and the public works offices, and the railroad warehouses extending for a thousand feet along the banks of the river, help to give White Horse a quite metropolitan aspect, while in the background are the barracks of the Northwest Mounted Police. THE MINING RECORD. 89 One mile west of White Horse is a bed of fire-clay. Last summer sixty-five thousand white bricks were made, and fifteen thousand pressed brick. West and south of White Horse, from four to ten miles, lies the great copper belt which has been prospected along its length for eighteen miles, but there is still an immense area of country, referred to in the Canadian geological reports. The claims that have been partially developed are the Rabbit Foot, Anaconda, War Eagle, Copper pyrite and green-copper carbonates, in the condition of sand, or disintegrated granular limestone stained with copper. Azurite is rare ; chalcocite and black oxide occur sparingly, but native copper seems to be absent as well as the red oxide. The typical ore is bornite. These outcrops are scattered all over the plateau, and denuded in the general erosion. They are found resting on the granite with no line in the vicinity, or associated with the patches of lime which WHlTfc. HORSE. King, Carlisle, Pueblo, Grafter, Arctic Chief, and the Corovette group, and assessment work has been done on two hundred claims. Two distinctive classes of ore are present and their occurrence is quite different. We have large masses of specular or magnetic iron, as at the Pueblo, where it is hematite, or at the Little Chief, where magnetite prevails, both carrying a moderate tenor of copper ; or outcrops of much smaller dimensions in which the ore is essentially bornite, with occasional patches of chalco- still remain ; and their discovery in the dense tangle is largely a matter of accident, even to the careful searcher. A car load of ore was shipped this year from the Copper King to the smelter in Tacoma, the ore averaging forty-five per cent, copper arid netting ninety dollars per ton. At present the owners of this claim have ready for shipment four hundred sacks ot high-grade ore. A shaft has been sunk thirty feet in depth on the lead and strikes of high-grade material are frequent. Capital, however, is required to thoroughly develop the 90 THE MINING RECORD Rabbit's Foot Mine at White Horse, Showing Ore Body. *^fl_^^^-l__-^ t^W_K^5&K3*? _ iSSBKls The Copper King Mine at White Horse. THE MINING RECORD. 91 properties. Twelve miles southwest of the town are areas which were recently sold for the sum of three hundred thousand dollars, and arrangements are. made to cbmmence the development of this property at the beginning of the new year. TYPES OF BOATS FOR PROSPECTORS. By Herbbrt Carmichael, Government Analyst and Assayer. AS undoubtedly a large number of prospectors will be exploring our coasts next year, a few words as to the type of boats in use may not be out of place. The earliest craft found on the coast was the Indian canoe. Canoes are made on practically two distinct patterns : the West Coast of Vancouver Island canoe, and the Northern or Queen Charlotte Island canoe. Representatives of these types are shown in the accompanying cuts. These craft were built of a considerable size considering that they were invariably cut or dug out from a single cedar tree, being often 40 feet been so, its usefulness appears to be confined to catch1 ing in any kelp bed you may be going through. A danger is always present with cedar canoes, they may split in a sea from end to end, this is more liable to occur when the canoe is old and the bottom has worn thin. This point should be specially looked to before venturing on rough water. It is doubtful if sails were used by the Indians before the advent of the white man, that used now is a sprit sail of rectangular form with a long gaff, this is kept from falling off the wind by a line from the peak, in fact it is the end of the main sheet carried to the peak and forming a loop. It is wonderful how these canoes will hold up to the wind when sailing on the beam, especially if laden, this is no doubt due to their great length in proportion to beam. An ingenious method of reefing is employed by the Indians, they slack in the sprit and roll a portion of the sail round the mast. For general use on the coast, and even for river work where polling has to be done, men who have used both prefer the Indian to the Peterboro canoe, except when long by 7 feet beam, but it must be remembered that a canoe with 7 feet beam could be made out of a cedar having a diameter of only 6 feet. This was accomplished after hollowing out the canoe by fire and chipping, by filling it with water and heating the water by throwing in hot stones, then while the wood was soft and pliable forcing out the sides with sticks acting as stretchers. The bow forms the principal distinction between the two types, that of the West Coast canoe being much larger and carved at the end to represent the figure of some animal ; this portion is a separate piece of wood and is sewn on to the body of the boat by thongs of spruce root. This bow has a large amount of flare which the West Coast Indians claim is of great service in parting the waves while a landing is being made through surf, this is invariably done stern first with the bow pointing seaward ; the bow has, however, a prejudicial effect when sailing with a beam wind by throwing the boat's head off the wind. The stern of the West Coast canoe is vertical and differs in this respect from the Queen Charlotte Island craft, which has a stern cut away with a long curve, which makes it much more difficult to attach a rudder. A peculiarity of the northern canoe is a rectangular piece cut out of the bow below the water line. I made several enquiries as to the origin or reason for doing this but the only answer I got was that it had always A Typical Indian Canoe. much portaging has to be done which gives the advantage of lightness to the latter. It appears to be only a matter of a few years till the canoe, as now used, will have disappeared and the Columbia river boat taken its place, the Indians are getting quite expert at the building of these boats which are usually from so to 26 feet long. The small boats used by the B. C. sealing fleet have claimed considerable attention from the prospector; these open boats about 18 feet long are very seaworthy, carry a lot of stuff, sails fairly well when properly rigged (which is seldom), but are heavy and takes it out of a man on a long pull. The boat for the prospector should be light enough for one man to row easily, should sail well enough to hold her own on a beam wind, and be reasonable in price without any fancy fittings. This boat commends itself to me more than the five tonner with a cabin, as I have seen such a boat hang for weeks in a calm—calms being the rule in the " inside " waters during the summer months. The boat which suggests itself as most nearly meeting "the requirements would be about 18 to 20 feet long, rather small in the beam, decked for some distance fore and aft with a small side deck and coamings, these latter are of great help in preventing the top of the short seas from coming in. 92 THE MINING RECORD. The deck should have small hatches to admit of using all the available space. For a sail I would suggest the use of a rig that is seldom seen on the coast but has many advantages for a small boat, viz.: "The Balance Lug," shown in the accompanying figure. This sail dispenses with the use of rings on the mast, has only one halyard and is easily detached when not in use, it can be used as a fly to cover the boat, or in front of the tent, the spars which are left attached holding it down to perfection. Last, but not least, let the seeker after fortune provide himself with two pairs of wrought-iron galvanised rowlocks, not the short cast-iron abominations too often used, and let him tie them securely to the boat and prevent the recriminations which occur as the rowlock sinks quietly out of sight in a hundred fathoms deep, so-called " ore in sight " is only 1 ore in imagination." The former expression, it is true, is not a happy one, for the ungotten ore of a mine can never be all in sight even when " blocked out " in the most complete manner possible in the regular working of mines. No matter how small the pillars, or masses of ore, blocked out may be, there must always be a large proportion in the interior of them which cannot be seen. But if a person of experience can see the four sides of a rectangular mass of ore, in a vein, for example, he can, in the great majority of cases, form an estimate—not absolutely accurate, it is true, but sufficiently so for commercial purposes — of the quantity of ore contained in that pillar. He may in some cases be able to do so if he can only examine three sides of the ore mass, or again even when only two opposite sides are in view ; but in each of these cases he will have to employ a different factor A Prospector's Boat at Barclay Sound. ■i. .if and the calculation which follows as to how far the piece of rope tied round the ore and through the rowlock hole will carry him. T ORE IN SIGHT.! By J. D. Kendall. HE estimation of ore in sight is very far from being one of the most difficult matters with which an engineer has to deal. Yet some of the most seri- sus losses in mining have been incurred through errors in such estimates, and engineers have, very properly, been most severely censured for their failures in this connection. It is therefore proposed to bring the matter before the Institution with a view of making some recommendations which, if followed, will in the future greatly reduce, if they do not prevent altogether, the losses which have so frequently arisen in the past from so-called estimates of ore in sight. Definition of terms.—Ore in sight is an expression of very common occurrence in reports on mines. The meaning attached to the phrase does not appear, however, to be always the same. In some instances the t From a paper read before the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. of safety. This factor will also vary with the size of the mass under consideration. These remarks may be extended to ore bodies of other shapes. On the other hand, if only one side of a mass of ore can be seen, it must be perfectly clear that no one can tell what quantity of ore is in that mass. The side visible may show a large area of ore, but quantity of ore involves a third dimension. If this be wanting we cannot possibly know anything about quantity The third dimension, so often unfortunately assumed, can only be ascertained, with an approach to accuracy, by "blocking out/' so that " ore in sight" may be looked upon as synonymous with " ore blocked out." By " blocking out" is meant the exposure of ore on two, three, or four sides of a rectangular or other shaped mass, as is partly shown in the following diagram. These four drawings represent, in vertical section along an ordinary vein, the same mass of ore — A, B, C, and D — on which different amounts of work have been done. It must be quite clear to anyone who has had experience of ore deposits, that it is a much more difficult matter to say what quantity of ore is in block A than in block B. It is likewise more difficult to estimate the quantity in B than in C, and if the block be still further opened up by workings, as in Fig. 4, the THE MINING RECORD. 93 problem becomes easier still. Allowances to cover any possible error from nips, intrusions or inclusions, would have to be greater in the case of A than in that of B, and greater for B than for C. The allowances must, in fact, be inversely proportional to the amount of block ing out. They must alsc as the distances apart of the exposed sides vary. For example, in the case of No. i, if the tunnel were 200 feet below the surface at block A, the estimation of the probable amount of ore in that block would be much more difficult than if the depth were only 50 feet, and therefore greater allow ances for possible variations must be made The same remarks apply to the other figures. The extent of allowance, that is the factor of safety, depends largely upon the character of the deposit, and must be determined on the spot for each particular case. Blocking out does not mean simply the exposure of ore by trenches, tunnels, drifts, winzes and raises, but includes also the exposures that sometimes result from denudation. Why blocking out is necessary.—Owing to the very irregular manner in which ore deposits usually occur no one can, as a rule, form even an approximate idea of their extent until the boundaries have been determined by actual work. But even if the main or outside boundaries of a deposit be known there is still much to be learned with regard to the inside boundaries, for most, if not all, deposits contain more or fewer and larger or smaller inclusions of country rock, or other barren ground, about which we cannot know anything until the deposit has been more or less blocked out. Variations also occur in the quality of ore in different parts of a deposit, so that the more we see of it and the more samples we can take, the more likely are we to arrive at the average quality of the workable portion of it. The man who has not, from experience, realised the truth of the above statements will be apt to permit his fancy to form his facts, and so reach conclusions which will most probably be altogether unreliable ; for he will assume extensions which may not exist, continuity where they may (and probably will) be great interruption and uniformity where there is great variation. A few of many instances that have come within the writer's experience will now be given of the unreliability of estimates of ore in sight which are made when the ground under consideration has been insufficiently blocked out. Illustrations of erroneous methods.—The first illustration relates to a deposit of argentiferous galena, which occurred as a vein. The diagram below gives a section along the vein, and shows the amount of work done at the time the engineer of an intending purchaser made an estimate of the ore in sight. Had the vein carried ore at the surface it would have been fairly safe to infer that the ore in the back of the stopes would extend to the surface, but without satisfying himself of the existence of ore in the vein at the surface, the engineer referred to assumed that the body of ore he had seen in the stopes* would extend out to day." Had he taken the trouble — as he ought to have done—to ascertain what really was on the surface, his estimate would have been very different from what it was, if indeed he had thought it possible to make one. The writer followed soon after with the same object, but failing to find any ore at the surface — that is lacking the third dimension—did not make an estimate, because the ore above the stopes could not be said to be in sight. When the stopes were extended upwards, it was found that the ore actually nipped out along the dotted line in the diagram. Another instance is in connection with a deposit of hematite. : The deposit had been discovered by means of boring. Hematite had been found in five holes at the points shown in the following diagram :— -fior PU\M Bore Bor*e QBore References Hematite deposit Bores in Hematite q It was assumed that all the bores which passed through ore were in one and the same deposit, that the deposit extended literally much beyond the bores, and that therefore a body of ore containing at least 650,000 tons had been " thoroughly proved " — to adopt an expression made use of in the report prepared for the sale of the property — which expression may be considered as another wqy of writing " ore in sight." This estimate led to a very serious lawsuit, for when the deposit was practically exhausted only 41,879 tons of ore had been raised, the lateral extent of the deposit being sbown in the above diagram. To assume that all the bores which cut hematite were in one deposit was to disregard entirely all experience of such deposits. But further, the founding of such conclusions so important, financially, on such insufficient data is most reprehensible. If the ore had been more thoroughly bored, or blocked out by workings, before any estimate had been attempted no such ruinous mistake could have been made. Let us now consider an estimate of ore in sight relating to some gold-bearing veins. In its disregard of facts and its confident.reliance upon assumption, this is, perhaps, the most reprehensible instance that has ever come under the writer's notice. One vein could only be seen for a length of about 50 feet in a trench about 4 feet deep. The width of the vein in the trench was 94 THE MINING RECORD. about 18 inches. On these data it was assumed — for prospectus purposes it ought to be said — that the vein contained 1,000,000 tons of ore. There were three other veins in the property which — also for prospectus purposes—were assumed to contain over 4,000,000 tons of ore, although there was not sufficient work done on them to thoroughly prove the existence of 4,000 tons. In this case we have not simply the assumption of the third dimension, the whole three are assumed. Can we wonder that severe things are sometimes said of those who make such an unscientific use of the imagination. Whether it be from incompetence or dishonesty is immaterial, the final outcome is alike disastrous commercially. That any competent person ever made such an estimate is incredible, and that anyone should issue such an estimate to the public, after its utter unreliability had been pointed out fully, is, to say the least, most discreditable. Another instance may be given to show the risks that are sometimes run in estimating quantities on a minimum of information. The vertical projection below was submitted to the writer by the owner of the property to which it related, with a view to sale. An ore chute was represented as existing in the form indicated above and a quantity given, corresponding thereto, as ore in sight. When the writer examined the mine he found that no chute existed. The country rock was limestone, in beds 2 to 4 feet thick, standing nearly on end. The overlying rock was igneous. The ore, a highly argentiferous galena, occurred interruptedly along the bed planes of the limestone as shown below, in plan, on an enlarged scale. The different lots of ore seen in the uppermost tunnel were not on the same bedplanes as those in the level below, which again differed from those seen in the bottom tunnel. Moreover, ore occurred outside the supposed ore chute altogether. As a matter of fact, there was not a scrap of evidence to show that such an ore chute, as was assumed, existed. Not one of the lenses of ore extended from one level to the other. Had the ground been further blocked out by a number of raises, the invalidity of the inferences drawn with regard to the supposed ore chute would have been demonstrated. Losses resulting from overestimate.— Excessive estimates of ore in sight not only enable promoters to obtain exorbitant prices for their properties, but most probably induce the purchasers to erect expensive treatment plants, which soon become useless where they stand, and often altogether valueless on account of the cost of removing them. Both these results cause unnecessary expenditure, which means avoidable loss, and therefore they are highly detrimental to honest mining. To put it on no higher plane, that ought to be quite sufficient to induce engineers to keep their estimates within the bounds of fact. Suggestions.—As a rule, statements as to the quantity of ore in sight, like many other statements in reports, are made so that there is no possible way of checking" simple statement that there are so many tons of ore in sight, and you are expected to accept it. That is not as it should be. Every statement of such quantity should be accompanied by an accurate plan and vertical section, on a working scale, which shall indicate the extent of ore to be estimated, and show clearly the ore which is known to exist, as distinguished from that which is only inferred. The width of the pay chute should be marked on the section at equal distances apart. Samples should also be taken at equal distances. The frequency of both will depend upon the character of the deposit. If variable in form, but fairly uniform in quality, the widths will need to be taken much more frequently than the samples. If the quality is variable the samples must be taken frequently. The width or length, area and weight which each sample represents should in every instance be stated. It is important, too, that the lines along which the samples are taken be shown on the plan. Ore deposits are frequently more or less banded, and, often, the values vary in the different bands. It is necessary therefore that, in such deposits, the samples be taken across the banding, and not lengthwise of it. If taken in the latter direction the latter may be wholly from a rich band, or wholly from a poor one, and therefore, do not represent the average quality, at that part of the deposit. If these suggestions be followed we shall hear much less than in the past of errors in estimating ore in sight, for anyone can then check the calculations, and see at a glance what has been observed and what assumed. Only by wilful misrepresentation could the facts then be concealed. Some people, unfortunately, are incapable of recording facts accurately, either from lack of the necessary training, or because their observations are more or less vitiated by all sorts of ideas that are not paralleled by phenomena, so that what is becomes twisted into what, from their point of view, ought to be. Such men would be much more useful in the realms of fiction than in a mine. Others, again, are more or less capable of making the observations suggested, but from lack of experience ■■■n them without going: on to the ground. You have the —Reference in structural geology, are not, in some cases, capable of forming a reliable opinion as to the quantity of ore in sight. The work of such men could be checked if their reports were prepared as recommended. The careless and reckless who might arily write down a few figures in the usual omnibus sentence as to the quantity of ore in sight — looking upon them probably as a mere matter of opinion—would doubtless feel themselves compelled to go into the matter thoroughly when the facts on which their opinion was based had to be set forth clearly in the manner suggested. It is also necessary that a statement should be made as to who is responsible for the different data employed, as for example : Who made the geological observations, who took the samples, who made the assays, who supplied the plans. The value to be attached to each part and to the whole can then be fixed with some degree of uses data supplied by one less able or less careful, the THE MINING RECORD. 95 conclusions of the former may be of very little value. In conclusion, the writer wishes it to be clearly understood that this communication is not so much intended to set forth all the methods and precautions needed in estimating ore in sight, many of which can only be determined on the spot, as to urge the importance of having all the observations of fact relied on so set out in the report and accompanying plan that anyone competent to do so may check the results. The effect of such a course will probably be to induce greater care on the part of those responsible for the estimates, and at the same time increase the confidence of those for whom the estimates are made by affording a clear indication of what is meant by " ore in sight" in each particular case. THE TREATMENT OF TAILINGS BY THE CYANIDE PROCESS AT THE ATHABASCA MINE, NEAR NELSON, B. Ct By E. Nelson Fell, Nelson, B. C. AS this plant is the first ever erected in British Columbia for the treatment of tailings by the cyanide process, and as the ores of this mine are of a character not unusual among gold ores of this Province, it is probable that a description of the principal features of the plant, and of the methods employed in its operation, may be interesting. These works were designed after a careful study of the process, in a small experimental plant, for a period of six months. During this period ten percolation tests on charges of tailings of 1,100 lbs. each, eight percolation tests on similar charges of concentrates, and twenty-six tests on concentrates in a revolving barrel, were made besides laboratory experiments. The ore consists of a quartz gangue, containing a little lime and variable quantities of the sulphides of iron, lead and zinc. The following figures, giving the analyses of the ore before milling, and of the tailings after milling, which constituted the material to be cy- anided, are based on the daily samples taken during February and March, 1901. ANALYSES OF ORE AND TAILINGS. , February— , , March— , Ore. Tailings. Ore. Tailings. Percent. Percent. Percent. Percent. Zn 1.93 0.91 1.92 0.91 Fe 7.04 2.65 8.16 3.03 Pb, 1.63 0.20 1.24 0.21 CaO, 4.97 2.46 1.56 1.43 S, 5.99 1.71 6.02 1.75 AI2O3, 3.20 3.20 3.45 3.40 S1O2, 74.20 85.00 74.30 86.10 Oz. Oz. Oz. Oz. Per ton. Per ton. Per ton. Per ton. Au, 1.68 0.32 1.34 0.27 Ag, 1.32 0.38 I.34 trace. The plan was designed to have a capacity of 30 tons per diem, with a 5-day period of treatment, including the charging and discharging of the leaching-tanks. Some changes which have been introduced, and which will be described later, have so reduced the period of treatment that the plant may now be considered to have a capacity of 50 tons per diem. It is located on a steep hillside, and Figs. 1 and 2, showing the plan and side elevation, will explain its general arrangement. At every step of the process, except the pumping of t Paper read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Mexican meeting. the spent solution from the sumps to the' solution-tanks, the materials are always moved by gravity. In order to secure this result large excavations had to be made in difficult ground, and heavy masonry had to be provided for retaining walls and tank foundations ; the total excavation being about 10,000, and the aggregate of granite masonry about 1,250 cubic yards. The cost of this work was great, and the total cost of the plant amounted to $31,096.79. Every effort was used to secure solidity of construction, and nothing but good material and workmanship was employed throughout. The plant was located to receive the tailings direct from the mill, in two distributing-tanks, 14 feet in diameter and 10 feet in height. The tanks are fitted with annular launders around the rim and are filled with water before the admission of the tailings ; the overflow is carried off in the annular launders, and thence in iron pipes to the waste-launder under the leaching-vats. In order to control the proportion of slimes allowed to escape, a slimes arrester is provided. This consists of a sheet of iron, 10 in. wide, fitted inside each tank, about 1 inch from the staves, extending all the way round, and held in position by 8 iron brackets. This sheet is arranged so that it can be raised entirely above the level of the tank, or lowered and immersed until the upper edge is but slightly above the level of the water. In this position it is most effectual in arresting the outflow of slimes. The exact position of the sheet can be regulated to suit the character of the ore under treatment. The tailings are distributed in these tanks by eight- arm distributors, working automatically. The tanks are fitted with filters and are connected, beneath the filter, with the waste-water receiver, which is in turn connected with the vacuum pump. The filters are protected by perforated boards against injury in shovelling out the tailings. When the tanks are full, the supernatant water is siphoned off, and connection is then made with the waste-water vacuum-tank for about twelve hours. At the end of this time the tailings are so nearly dry that a shovelful thrown into the vat below breaks up into a loose pile of sand. (The importance of this fact will be shown later). The distributor-tanks are placed over the leaching- tanks, on a frame partly of steel and partly of timber, in such a way that each tank can be discharged by three side doors into any one of three of the leaching-tanks. Our usual practice has been to accumulate about 35 tons in a distributor-tank at one time ; after drying, these can be discharged by shovelling at a cost of about eight cents per ton. The leaching-vats are five in number, arranged under the distributor-tanks as described above, and shown in Fig. 1. They are 18 feet in diameter and 4 feet in height, are fitted with cloth filters and center discharge doors, rectangular in shape, tightly closed up by bolts, and removable from the inside. Around the door frame is a wooden frame to which the filter cloth is attached ; and, before the sands are admitted, a wooden cover is admitted over the iron door, having a pyramidal top to facilitate the current of the solution. The outlet pipe for the solution connects with the bottom of the vat and runs either to (1) the strong gold tank ; (2) the weak gold tank ; (3) the waste-water vacuum tank ; (4) directly to waste. The pipe connections are such that any or all of the leaching-vats can drain through any or all of these channels simultaneously and independently. This is a very important provision for saving of time in the operation of the plant. Both solution and water are admitted to these tanks on top of the sands, and distributed through a floating box with perforated sides. 96 THE MINING RECORD. This method of admission was found to be easier and more effective, and to give better results, than the plan of admitting the solution under the filter bottom. The spent sands are removed by being sluiced out through the centre discharge door—an operation which requires about three or four hours. We employ a hose with a i-inch nozzle, under an effective head of about 200feet. The gold tanks are two in number, 10 ft. in diameter and 6 ft. in height, fitted with heads and connected with the vacuum pump. In practice we seldom use this connection, except at the end of the leaching process, as the pump has a tendency to cause the sands to pack in the leaching-vats and to interfere with percolation. From the gold tanks the solution is run to the zinc- boxes, which are arranged in two series of twelve each. Each is a square movable iron box, with a capacity of one cubic foot of zinc shavings ; and each is independent of the other boxes. Below the zinc-boxes are two sump-tanks 12 feet in diameter and 6 feet in height. Fig. 1. The solutions from either series of zinc-boxes can be drained into either sump, independently of the other, or can be drained to waste. Above the sumps is placed the centrifugal pump which forces the solution back to the solution-tanks—two in number, 10 feet in diameter and 6 feet high. The solution can be pumped from either sump-tank to either solution-tank. The solution is made up to the required strength in the strong tank by placing the requisite quantity of cyanide in an iron basket, having sides of wire netting, and lowering the basket into the solution. The cyanide is entirely dissolved in this manner in about one hour. We quickly abandoned the plan of making up a large amount of strong solution in a stock-tank, as we found that the loss by decomposition was heavy. The work done in the plant has been of two kinds : (1) The treatment of tailings direct from the mill (from February 18th to May ioth) ; and (2) the treatment of accumulated tailings (from May ioth to July 30th). The first group will be hereinafter referred to as " mill- tailings," and the second as "dam-tailings." Both groups were from the same mill and the same class of ore. During the first period 841 tons of mill-tailings, and during the second period 1582.4 tons of dam-tailings, were treated, making a total of 2423.4 tons. At the end of the second period the entire contents of the zinc- boxes were cleaned up. The tonnage was estimated, by considering 23 cubic feet of settled sands to be equal to one ton. This figure was first arrived at after careful measurements, but we realised that it was only approximate. The actual value of bullion recovered was $17,179.77, while the amount which should have been discovered (estimating the tonnage as above, and the recovery as the difference in the assay value of the tailings before and after treatment) is $20,085.74. In considering this discrepancy, it must be remembered that, at the commencement, the plant was quite new, and some time elapsed before the plant was running smoothly, leaks were stopped, and the various stages of the work were brought up to an efficient condition. The average value of the mill-tailings was, before treatment, $5.28, and after treatment, $1.34 per ton—a recovery of 75 per cent. The average value of the dam- FlG. 2. tailings was, before treatment, $10.80, and after treatment $2.17 per ton—a recovery of 80 per cent. In considering the percentage of recovery in the case of the mill-tailings, the question of the conditions under which these tailings were deposited becomes very important. Before the filters were introduced into the settling-tanks, the value of the tailings was $6.00 per ton before treatment and $1.74 after treatment, or a recovery of 71 per cent. After the filters were introduced, the value of the tailings before treatment was $4.20, and after treatmeat 54 cents per ton, giving a recovery of 87 per cent. The figures are averages ; but to emphasise this point further, I herewith give the assays of the last seven charges of mill-tailings treated at a time when the plant was running smoothly. Before After Lot- Treatment. Treatment. Per ton. Per ton. 21 $6.20 $0.21 22 3-io 0.42 23 2.48 0.21 24 165 0.21 25 2.27 0.21 26 3-5i 0.21 27 ■ • • 4.96 o 21 This exhibit shows that under this system, we were able to extract practically all-the gold values, even from tailings containing fairly high values at the start. I attribute this satisfactory improvement principally to THE MINING RECORD. 97 the improved physical condition of the sands, due to the introduction of the filters in the settling-tanks. Time of treatment.—Before placing the filters in the distributing-tanks and obtaining the sands in a desirable condition, the average time occupied on each charge was 5 days 14 hours; after the change was made as above, the time occupied in treating 62 charges was 3,902 hours, or an average time of 2 days 15 hours. The results of this important saving of time were far- reaching ; the capacity of the plant was nearly doubled; the percentage of extraction was improved (by improved percolation); and less solution was necessary, involving less decomposition and consumption of both cyanide and zinc. Consumption of material.—During the periods under consideration, 2,423 tons of tailings were treated, with a total consumption of 4,977 lbs. of cyanide, costing $1,360.65, and 950 lbs. of zinc, costing (uncut) $123.50. The cost of cutting is included in the regular wages of the plant. These figures show that 2.05 lbs. of cyanide costing 54 cents, and 0.39 lbs. of zinc, costing 5.07 cts., were consumed per ton of tailings treated. Owing to various difficulties met with at the start, these figures do not exhibit what was being done when the process was running smoothly, and what can be relied upon in the future. During the month of July our consumption on tailings of the assay value of about $10 per ton in gold was 1.25 lbs. of cyanide, costing 35 cents, and 0.25 lb. of zinc, costing 3.25 cents, making a total of 38.25 cents per ton. By careful and systematic work I believe an improvement on these figures might be realised. General working costs.—The following table exhibits, in column 1, the actual working costs incurred in treating 2,423 tons from February to August. In column 2 are shown the costs which, from our past experience, I believe we can confidently anticipate when the plant is in regular working order and treating 40 tons per diem, which is a very moderate estimate of its capacity. ACTUAL AND ESTIMATED COSTS. (I) (2) Cts. per ton. Cts. per ton. Foreman 28-8 9-7 Assistants 62.6 27.7 Assaying 16. 5 5- S Total wages 107.9 42-9 Cyanide 54° 35-° Zinc 5° 3-0 Sulphuric acid 4-6 4-° Assay and refinery I2-0 5-° Fuel and sundries 5-3 2° 80.9 49-0 $1.88 $0.92 Precipitation in the zinc-boxes. — For this purpose two series, each of 12 individual sheet-iron boxes, were used, with zinc shavings as the precipitating material. The shavings were cut on a Hampton zinc-lathe, which proved satisfactory, with little waste of zinc. The precipitation was very perfect, even when the solution was allowed to run as rapidly as possible. In all of the numerous assays which we took from the lowest of the zinc-boxes, we never once found gold of a greater value than 21 cents per ton of solution, and usually found only faint traces. When we commenced working, we kept the strong and weak solutions in separate gold- tanks ; but we found that when the weak solution was below 0.05 per cent, in strength, the precipitation was imperfect and, on the other hand, when the strong solution was over 0.15 per cent, the consumption of zinc was excessive. We, therefore, partially mixed the so lutions so that the solution the strong gold-tank' should run about o. 10 or 0.12 per cent., and the solution in the weak gold-tank from 0.08 to o. 10 per cent, in cyanide. In this manner a perfect precipitation was obtained, with a much reduced consumption of zinc and cyanide in the zinc-boxes, and the strength of the solution in the strong sump-tank was maintained at about 0.08 and in the weak sump-tank at about 0.06 per cent. The solutions were thus kept at convenient strength for use as weak washes in the leaching-vats, and no waste of solution was incurred. During the passage of the solution through the zinc-boxes a heavy deposition of carbonate of lime takes place. Clea?i-up.—Once a month the zinc-boxes were removed one by one to the chamber in which was placed the acid-tank, 6 feet 6 inches in diameter, and 2 feet 6 inches high. The zinc-boxes were thoroughly cleaned of slimes in this tank, and as much of the zinc was replaced as was thought desirable. The slimes were then settled with alum for 12 hours, and the water was siphoned off into a settling-tank. Hot water was then added, with sufficient acid to dissolve the zinc thoroughly. The liquor was then drained off through a filter box connected with the vacuum-pump. The filter material consisted of two woollen blankets and one canton- flannel sheet, firmly held in place by wooden cleats, and one canton-flannel filter, the sides of which came over the top of the box, loosely tacked in place. The slimes were then thoroughly washed with hot water and the washings were drained off through the filter-box. The slimes were then washed into the filter, drained dry, and removed bodily in the cloth ; and the whole was dried on a pan fitted with a hood. The product was melted with an excess of silica in a graphite pot, and the resultant slag was melted with litharge and the lead was cupelled. The bar obtained by this process averaged about as follows : Gold, 548 ; silver, 294 ; base metals, 158 thousandths. Method of treatment.—After repeated experiments we adopted the following as our standard method of treatment : The strong-solution tank was filled from the sump and made up to the strength of o. 24 per cent, cyanide. This tank contained about 12.5 tons of solution. The charge to be treated consisted of about 35 tons of tailings. About 7 tons of solution was admitted onto the tailings. This quantity was sufficient to saturate the tailings and to allow the solution to stand about 6 inches deep on the top. They were allowed to soak thus for four hours. The outlet-cock was then opened and the solution was drained into one of the gold-tanks. The draining process occupied about half an hour. As the last of the solution was draining off, a sample was taken to be assayed for both gold and cyanide. The rest of the solution (about 5.5 tons) from the strong tank was then admitted, standing about 6 inches deep on the tailings, and they were allowed to soak for eight hours, after which the solution was drained off and sampled as before. In the meantime the weak-solution tank had been filled with solution from the strong sump, running about 0.08 in cyanide. This weak solution was then admitted (as required) to the tailings and the outlet.cock from the latter left open. In this manner the solution drained through rapidly, fresh solution being added whenever the surface of the tailings began to appear above the solution in the leaching-vat. When the last of the solution from the solution-tank had been admitted, the outlet-cock of the leaching-vat was closed. After the lapse of eight hours the cock was opened, and the solution drained off and sampled as before. In the meantime the solution-tank had been again filled, but 98 THE MINING RECORD. this time with solution from the weak sump, running about 0.06 in cyanide. This tankful was then admitted to the tailings and continuously drained off, and a second tankful from the weak sump was drained through the tailings in a similar manner ; during which process samples were taken at intervals, to be assayed for cyanide and gold. A water wash was then admitted and drained through continuously, until the solution coming off gave not more than 0.06 in cyanide after repeated samplings, some of which were also reserved for gold. The process was then declared closed. So regular was the process in operation that, during many months of working, we neither accumulated solution, nor found it necessary to throw away solution, except what remained in the tank at the time the process was declared closed. This remainder contained only minute quantities of gold. The resultant solutions in the sump were so uniform in character that we could, in practice, regularly add to one tankful of solution, pumped direct from the strong sump, 50 pounds of cyanide, to bring it up to our standard grade of 0.24 per cent. The cyanide contents were determined by the nitrate of silver test. The tests for strength of cyanide and the assays of the solutions for gold corresponded so regularly that the foreman in charge of the plant could estimate with accuracy and certainty the gold contents of the solutions during the various stages of the operations. The record of the gold assays, however, gave the data from which these estimations could be intelligently withdrawn, and from which small changes were suggested from time to time. In practice this programme had to be modified more or less, in order to harmonise with the other branches of the reduction works and the character of the sands under treatment. The following description shows the actual details of treatment, and the results obtained from the treatment of lot 59, which was a fair average of the process : June 26th, at noon, turned on strong solution (0.24 per cent.) until same stood 6 inches deep on the sands ; allowed to stand 4 hours. At 4 p. m. opened outlet- cock and allowed solution to run into gold-tanks ; at 4.30 p.m., as the last of the solution was passing off, took sample which assayed "nothing" in cyanide and $9.30 in gold. Closed outlet-cock, admitted fresh charge of strong solution, and allowed to stand 8 hours. At 12.30 (midnight), June 27th, opened outlet-cock, and at 1 a. m. took sample, as before, which assayed 0.06 cyanide and $28.94 in gold. At 1 a. m. turned on weak solution (0.08 cyanide), allowing same to drain through without interruption till 4 a. m. Sample at 4 a. m., assayed o. 10 cyanide and $8.08 in gold. Shut off outlet-cock and allowed solution to stand until 1.30 p. m. Opened outlet-cock and admitted fresh solution (0.06 cyanide) and allowed same to run through, admitting fresh solution as required till 12.30 (midnight), June 28th. Sample taken at 10 p. m., assayed 0.07 cyanide and $0.62 in gold. Closed outlet-cock and allowed to stand until 5 a. m. Opened outlet-cock at 5 a. m. and allowed fresh solution to run through until 11 a. m. Sample taken at 6 a. m., ran 0.06 cyanide and $0.42 in gold ; and sample taken at 11 a. m. ran 0.6 cyanide and $0.21 in gold. At 11 a. m. turned in water wash till 2 p. m. Sample taken at 12.30 p. m., ran 0.06 cyanide and $0.21 in gold ; and sample taken at 3 p. m. ran 0.06 cyanide and $0.21 in gold. At this point the process was declared finished ; the wash was drained to waste and the tailings were discharged. Assay of the tailings before treatment gave $13.02, and after treatment $2.07 in gold. Percentage of recovery, 84.1. Time occupied, 3 days, 2.5 hours. The reason why the process was apparently unduly prolonged at the closed was to avoid any possible loss which might occur by any such sudden variations as occasionally took place, at the close of the operations, in the value of the solution. Moreover, as long as the solution was not being unduly accumulated, there was no advantage in allowing any values, however small, to run to waste. It is worthy of note that the first sample taken would usually fail to show any trace of cyanide by the nitrate of silver test, while often assaying notable quantities in gold. The solutions were saved from the commencement, as the solution of the gold seemed to take place immediately. No preliminary treatment with lime was used in the process, as we never found any evidence of acidity, either positive or latent, in the tailings. The general conclusion which I would draw from the above is, that the process is likely to prove very valuable for the treatment of ore of this class, which is a very common class to be found in this country. I have presented the above figures exactly as they occurred ; and in my estimated averages the general results have suffered seriously from certain individual failures, the causes of which we well understand, and which are likely to occur when a new plant is started. All of the factors of success are present. The gold is dissolved very rapidly ; the precipitation is perfect ; the consumption o'f cyanide and zinc is small ; and the time required is short. We have also carried out a series of experiments on the treatment of the concentrates from the mill, in a revolving barrel. The result of these has been so satisfactory that I believe the process would be successful on a working scale. The following figures are the result of the last six runs which we made : e c I S j. B g -2 S •— <s c "« . as «~ - S2 rf ■§ <" " o <p, a . S • ° 'o a ■ITS S s "2 -• . <* § 'o s £ ««■'£« -B S ^ fi ° S [SO — Q* nl O- 00 bOO o *43w S T3* Tj • Si* C |g in W Cl-h n° rn° r°0 .*.& s£ 03 30 M O C W go i-3 Qffi 4° 7-58 .20 97.4 1 6.20 24 40 5-26 .76 85.5 1 8.10 24 4° 4-74 -42 91.1 1 7.80 24 4° 2.78 .14 949 1 9.75 24 4° 46° -36 92.2 1.25 6.40 24 4° 3-92 .12 96.9 1 ' 6.15 24 I infer that a recovery of at least 90 (and probably 92 or 93) per cent, of the gold values could be insured at a cost for cyanide of about $2.15 per ton. These figures refer only to the recovery of gold ; but in our case, and in the case of other ores in this district, gold (and a trifling quantity of silver) is the only valuable material in the concentrates. When lead or other valuable products form an important item in the value of concentrates this process would not be applicable. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness in the preparation of this paper to Messrs. H. W. Mussen, engineer, F. Vans Agnew, assayer, and A. Constans, foreman, all of whom furnished valuable information in connection therewith. GOLD DREDGING. IN view of the increasing interest in gold dredging that is being awakened in the mining public, and as some of the more recent ventures in this line of work in British Columbia have proven eminently sue- THE MINING RECORD. 99 cessful, the possibilities are that the near future will see many new companies formed for the purpose of carrying on this most modern style of placer mining. A description, therefore, of some of the latest and most approved machinery for the purpose may not come amiss. The most important feature leading to success in this work, next to securing suitable dredging ground, is se- curing suitable dredging machinery. It has been thoroughly demonstrated in the past that, no matter how good the ground might be, that the success of the venture is entirely dependent on the machinery used and its careful operation. It is also true that, owing to the character of the work and the excessive wear and tear upon parts of the machinery, due to the action of grit and gravel to which it is exposed, and in which it must to a certain extent work, the machinery must be made strong and substantial beyond the possibility of breakage, the moving parts must be protected as far as possible from contact with the grit and the parts which must necessarily be worn by contact with the gravel astern and carried down by the current to a point where . they will not interfere with the operation of the boat. The fines containing the values pass through the screen upon four double under currents or sluices which are arranged according to the nature of the gold which is to be saved with riffles or burlaps upon which the values may be concentrated. The cut illustrates but one style of dredge, a sort of standard type for the usual run of work. Where special difficulties are to be coped with, special machinery must be designed for the purpose, and, in fact, almost every placer presents some especial features which make it desirable that the machinery should be made to suit actual existing conditions. No one machine can be made which will successfully and economically work in any and all placers. The details of the machinery as furnished by the Link- Belt Company have been very carefully worked out, and especial pains have been taken to make these machines powerful, substantial and durable. The Ewart guaran- The Link Belt Company's Gold Dredging Machinery.—Fig must be easily renewable with a minimum of expense and delay. The items of expense for repairs and delays arising from breakdowns and from worn parts have heretofore been the largest factors of expense with which the dredger has been forced to contend. The Link-Belt Machinery Company, of Chicago, U. S. A., have recently placed upon the market a modern, carefully designed and constructed, placer dredge, a general view of which is shown in outline in Fig. i. The gravel is excavated and raised by the endless chain of buckets and delivered to tw.o screens which extend across the hull about midship. These screens are of the shaking or the revolving type, according to the nature of the gravels which they are to separate. The gravel being washed and screened, the tailings are delivered to a sluice or conveyor and carried to a stacker which overhangs the stern of the boat. In river dredging the stacker is not commonly necessary and the coarse tailings may be delivered over the side of the boat by a chute from the end of the screen, the fines being sluiced teed friction clutches are used in place of the square-jaw clutches commonly in use for this class of work. The shafting and transmission machinery are of exceptional quality. The bearings are of the improved self-oiling and chain-oiling type and require but little attention. All gearing used on the dredge is of the best quality of cast steel. The Link-Belt patent equalising gears are used to transmit power to the head shaft and equalise the strains in the excavating chain. The tumblers for the excavating chain are provided with removable steel- wearing faces. The bucket chain is the design of Mr. G. L. Holmes, assistant engineer of the company, and patents have been taken out covering the essential points.^ Mr. Holmes has given much time to the study of his class of work and has designed a bucket chain having many desirable features. The joints of the chain are absolutely grit proof; the pins, which are large in diameter, are completely enclosed, there being no unprotected passage by which sand or other grit may enter the bear- 100 THE MINING RECORD. ings. The joints are closed by packing rings of heavy pressed leather, so placed as to be able to exclude grit from the bearings and at the same time not be subject to excessive wear themselves. The pins are plain, straight bars of turned steel and require no forging or rocks or to many other accidental happenings incidental to this class of work. The grease is forced through the bearings in a direction opposite to the only one by which grit might possibly enter in case the packing should become worn, thus serving to carry out any outer j.iu/ cnner jaw N_ otster. jaw ^Screa/Puto Grease Cup Cross ■ section 2~hroUffA ^rticuta&ofc. Fig. -Pin and Bushing for Chain. Fig. 4.—Screen. Fig. 3.—Chain and Bucket. finish beyond cutting to the proper length and turning, and, in extreme cases, hardening. Contrary to the usual practice the pins are made fast in the rear end of one link and turn in the outer or front jaws of the next one ; each pin turns in two hardened steel bushings, one at either end, and in case a pin should become so worn as to be considered in danger at a time when no extras are in stock for repairs, it could be replaced with a piece of shafting of the proper diameter and length with very little trouble. The bushings are of steel, accurately machined to size and hardened ; being made to gauge they are interchangeable. The bearing surfaces are very smooth and are so hard as to resist abrasion to the greatest extent possible. Each bushing is provided with a receptacle for lubricant and a screw plug for forcing the grease into the bearings. The grease cups are so located that, while they are readily accessible they are out of danger from falling small particles that might have partially entered and keeping the bearing surfaces clean and well lubricated at all times. A further desirable feature is the fact that a bushing may be removed without entirely disconnecting the chain, facilitating repairs and making it possible to keep the chain in the best condition at all times, whereas i n some dredge chains the fact that it is necessary to shut down for an indefinite time, and take the chain completely apart in order to renew a pin or bushing, causes the oper ator to wait as long as possible, perhaps until something gives way, before making the necessary repair. The connections are shown in Fig. 2. The links are made of cast steel or malleable iron, it is superior to sheet steel in point of resistance to corrosion and may be thickened and strengthened at points as experience has proved to be necessary. The buckets are cast with a rib extending around from side to side immediately'in rear of the cutting lip, which serves not only to stiffen the bucket, but also acts as an THE MINING RECORD. 101 abutment for the lip and relieves the rivets holding it of a large portion of the shear that would otherwise come upon them. The cutting lips are of forged steel with a hammer-dressed edge, and are fastened to the bucket and link with large rivets closely placed. A good idea of the size and general proportion of one of these chains may be obtained from Fig. 3, which is from a photograph of a portion of a chain which has recently been shipped to British Columbia. Tbe screen, which is also reproduced from a photograph in Fig. 4, is built with the same idea of quick and thorough repair ; all parts subject to the wearing action of the gravel are of easy access and may be taken out and replaced without disturbing the balance of the screen. The bearings of the rollers on which it turns are of the dirt-protected type and the machine as a whole is strong and durable. It is built with a heavy steel frame to which two heavy turned-steel tires and the driving sprocket, are rivetted. The screening sur- gether in courses like a boiler shell, when a portion becomes worn it is necessary to cut out the rivets and renew a whole course. A further interesting feature of the screen illustrated is the fact that a special grade of wire cloth is used for the screening surface in place of the perforated plate commonly used for gravel screens; this cloth, which is for fine screening, is made of 5-16 inch wire and is 3-8 inch mesh ; it is very heavy and substantial, and is the largest diameter of wire that may be woven to this mesh. Other sizes of wire cloth, up to i^-inch mesh woven from i-inch wire may be substituted if desired, or perforated plate up to J^-inch or ^-inch in thickness with such perforations as may be deemed necessary. The outline drawing cut No. 1, shows an electrically driven machine, but steam dredges are supplies which possess the same general characteristics. The half-tone cut No. 5, shows one of the Link-Belt Company's dredges working through the ice, excavat- A Belt Conveyor on Dredge in Operation. face which may be of perforated plate or wire cloth, as desired, is made in panels of convenient size, bolted on ; all bolt heads are flush with the inside of the screen and all parts that are not covered with the clamp plates holding the panels are provided with protecting plates so as to prevent the contact of the gravel with the main frame. The object of the designer was to construct the screen so that there would be a permanent frame which was not subject to extreme wear and which could always remain in place upon its trunnions, and to which the screening surface could be attached in such a manner that any portion could easily be removed when worn or when it was deemed desirable to'change the mesh, with the least possible expense and delay. Of course it is impossible to screen large quantities of gravel without considerable wear upon the screening surface,, and in the ordinary revolving screen, which is commonly made of perforated plates rolled up and rivetted to- ing marl for the manufacture of Portland cement. While this is a much lighter class of work than placer mining, yet in some respects it is fully as difficult ; and the fact that a machine has been constructed which has worked through the entire winter season without serious expense for repairs speaks volumes for the workmanship of the machinery. BELT CONVEYORS ON GOLD DREDGES. AN opportunity of reducing the cost and, at the same time, increasing the efficiency of a dredge is now to be found in the application of the perfected belt conveyor to the work of stacking tailings. The Robins Conveying Belt Company had never followed the common practice of making their experiments vicar- 102 THE MINING RECORD. iously, or at the expense of their customer and, therefore, when they wished to learn the proper size and inclination for stackers of various capacities, they first obtained several tons of round placer gravel of the same sizes as are found in the ancient river beds of California, the stones averaging from 4 to 8 pounds in weight, with a number of larger boulders, weighing as much as a hundred pounds. They then constructed a self-contained belt conveyor, 50 feet in length, so supported that it could be raised to any required pitch. The gravel was delivered in its normally wet condition at the foot of the conveyor and after being delivered into a chute at its upper end, the same material was carried back by a second conveyor and was in this manner used over and over again. It was possible to change at will the speed of the inclined conveyor with electric controller. The faithful use of this experimental plant may account for the success of all the tailings stackers which have been supplied by the Robins company. An inter- dinary type. But, of course, the particular advantage which appeals most strongly to the operator of a dredge lies in the fact that a belt conveyor is a very simple machine and is therefore free from the breakdowns which are constantly occurring in stackers constructed in the usual manner with a multiplicity of small parts, the breaking of one which may at any time put the entire machine out of commission for several hours. Further information in regard to the use of belt conveyors for stacking tailings may be obtained from the RobinsConveyingBeltCo., 18-21 Park Row, New York. MINING IN NEW ZEALAND A CORRESPONDENT writes from Martor, New Zealand : Your ore bodies in British Columbia seem very similar to that of the Auckland gold fields in this colony. You must either be able to A Self-contained Belt Conveyor. esting example is illustrated herewith in the photographs of the Indian Gold Dredging & Mining Company's machine at Oroville, Cal. This conveyor is 75 feet long with a 28-in. belt, and handles about 75 cubic yards of gravel per hour. The speed of the belt is 250 feet per minute and the angle of inclination is 18° above the horizontal. A large number of other conveyors of the same type are used in the gold fields of California and Idaho and as far away as Colombia and Eastern Siberia. The conveyors most commonly used are 80 feet long, which permits of stacking tailings to a height of 35 feet. They are made for this work in all sizes between 20 in. and 36 in., and a great advantage of the Robins conveyor for this work lies in the fact that power can be applied at the lower end, thereby saving the long, arid generally troublesome, transmission of power by rope or chain to the head end, as is necessary with stackers of the or- extract the metal much more cheaply or it must be richer but so far as instances go the value per ton seems much the same. The Auckland fields at present are under a cloud. The Barrier reef of which so much was expected, is nearly done, the £,1 shares paid up are for sale at 1/ 8 and no buyers. But our mines are terribly overloaded so that they have to do exceptionally well to pay. I notice the London directors have the nerve to blame the government and people of this country for the failure of companies out of which they have made a pile before one shilling of the shareholders' money had been spent in development. I suppose it is the same with you. Things in the dredging line are very dull here now. A severe slump has followed the boom. The working dredges which now exceed 100 and which are being added to every week are averaging good payable returns. As these returns come back into the shareholders pockets in dividends dredging will again THE MINING RECORD. 103 boom. This dredging is a purely colonial industry so far, but English promoters are already here and when they obtain a full hand the colonial investor will be shut out ; while his English brother goes through the process of being swindled by overloading again. Our richest claim so far is the noted Hartley & Riley, in Otago. This dredge began operations in December, •"98, with a share capital paid up of ^6,500 of £1 each, and up to date has paid in dividends ^"8, 17, 6 per share. Other dredges are likely to catch up to her in dividends, but it is very unlikely that the record for the largest weekly output held by her will be beaten. COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. THE CARIBOO-M'KINNEY. THE third annual meeting of the Cariboo-McKinney Mining & Milling Co., Ltd., was held in Toronto on February the 4th. The annual report of the directors and the report of the managing director were read as follows :— At the beginning of the year, Mr. Geo. B. McAulay, managing director, submitted to the directors the necessity for some extraordinary development of the mine with a view to locating the ore bodies at various points, and as the financial condition of the company did not then warrant the expenditure contemplated, in order to avoid the incurring of indebtedness, Mr. McAulay very generously donated to the company the sum of $30,000 to be expended solely in the special development above referred to. The operations were carried out as suggested by Mr. McAulay, the result being the locating of a continuous ore body 320 feet in length, of an average width of four feet, on the 3rd and 4th levels west on the Cariboo claim, and also the locating of the vein at a point 45 feet below the 5th level east on the Okanagan claim. It appearing to your directors that it would be desirable to have an independent examination and report upon the mine for the information of the shareholders at this meeting, Mr. Harry McMaster, M.E., was early in December employed for this purpose. Mr. McMaster spent about two weeks in examining the property, and his report will be read to you, and will, I trust, be found satisfactory. It will be noted that Mr. McMaster finds that there is now sufficient ore in sight in the mine to keep the mill running for about two-and-a-half years. It appears from Mr. McMaster's report, as well as from the report of the managing director, that there are still difficulties to the operation of the mine owing to the many faults in the vein at the east end, where the highest grade ore has heretofore been found, and that the future of the property at this point depends on getting below these disturbances. At the last annual meeting of the shareholders it was announced that there would be a suspension of dividends for a period, and while there has been no dividend declared during the last calendar year, your directors are pleased to state that they have found themselves able to declare a dividend of one and one-half per cent, out of the surplus earnings of the property, and leave a reserve sufficient to meet contingencies. While your directors are unable at the present time to see their way to the resumption of regular dividends, the surplus earnings of the property, after a provision for a proper reserve, will, from time to time, be divided among the shareholders. Robert Jaffray, President. STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT, DECEMBER 31, 190I. Capital stock $1,250,00000 Bullion Rent G. B. McAulay, donation for development purposes.. Profit and loss Mine and water rights $1,717,835 65 Mill plane 25,771 73 Hoisting and compressor plant 32,665 67 Buildings 2,680 48 Office furniture 242 55 Mine and mill supply, labour, salaries, expense, etc 529,043 26 Development, 1901 33,95° °o Mineral tax 6,961 10 Dividends 459>337 52 Cash in bank 59,363 36 974,537 00 19,166 30 30,000 00 3,148 02 $2,267,851 32 $2,267,851 32 Receipts and disbursements for year ending 31st December, 1901. RECEIPTS. Cash in bank 1st January, 1901 Bullion Rent Lots sold Donation from G. B. McAulay for development purposes Capital account— Development Mine and water rights Mill plant Hoisting and compressor plant ... Buildings Operating account— Hoisting and compressor plant and mining Mill plant and milling Mineral tax Expense Salaries Cash in bank Dec 31, 1901. $ 15,693 15 137,024 79 1,169 0O 259 87 30,000 00 $184, 146 81 dENTS. $33,950 00 40 75 60 77 2,441 45 S3 3° $36,546 27 $60,035 85 19,966 50 2,070 77 3,284 06 2,880 00 $124,783 45 59.363 36 $184, 146 81 Profit and loss account for year ending 31st December, 1901.- REVENUE. Balance from 1900 Bullion Rent $ 3.H8 02 137,024 79 1,169 GO pI4I,34I 8l EXPENDITURE. Hoisting and compressor plant and mining $93,985 85 Deduct development acct.. 33,950 00 Mill plant and milling. Mineral tax Expense Salaries Balance forward to 1902. $60,035 85 19,966 50 2,070 77 3,284 06 2,880 00 $88,237.18 53.104 63 $141,341 81 Verified Clarkson & Cross, auditors. Toronto, 1st February, 1902. The Managing Director submitted the following statement of operations during 1901 :— There has been mined and milled during the year 16,862 tons of ore, yielding 9,439 ounces of gold bullion and 428 tons of concentrates. Of this ore about one- half was taken from the Okanagan and Saw Tooth claims, and about one-half from that portion of the Cariboo claim known as the West ore chute. In my last annual report reference was made to the breaks or faults in the vein on the lower levels. Early in the last year it was found that owing to these breaks 104 THE MINING RECORD. a large amount of extraordinary development work would be required in order if possible to locate the vein west from the then present workings. To this end a system of exploration was planned and carried out as follows: A diamond drill plant was secured and borings to the extent of 2,200 feet were made at different points from standing among the dividend payers of British Columbia, I find that the ore has practically all been stoped to the third level east of the main shaft from the surface and the fourth level from the surface on the west side. A fault starts from the surface a little west of the whim shaft and follows right down to the fourth level, in fact right through to the fifth, as it is again encountered there the ground already opened up. In addition to this, the having a dip of about 45 degrees east Below the second level little or no work has been done west of this break, the ore being much broken up and too narrow to work through, further development might again find it of good width. The floor of the third level east is in ore for about 120 feet of workable width ; as no connections has been made between this and the fourth level through the ore, there is no knowing to what extent down it is workable. On the fourth level east a crosscut has been driven which proved the ore to be in place but very much broken and narrow, though still high grade. On the fifth level, driven west from the winze, only- enough work, 300 feet, has been done to cut through the main break, mentioned before as cutting through from the whim shaft, into the solid rock which is here of the same diabase character that has been associated with this chnte from the surface down. Judging from this an.d the throw of the fault, there is little question that a'crosscut run south from this point will cut the vein in a very short distance, should no other faulting occur, though whether of good width or not can only be proved by such work. To a very large extent the early payment of dividends by this company depends upon the vein being found here of workable width ; should it not be I would advise work being discontinued on this chute for the time. The East Chute.—On the surface and down to the second level this is low grade and has not been stoped out to any extent on this account. To this point it varies in width from 4 to 20 feet in places. On the second level it pinches down to one or two inches and continues so to the third level where it again widens to an average of 2/4 feet, which width it steadily maintains as far down as it has yet been worked. In the east end faces of the levels, the ore narrows down again and is much broken which has caused work to be stopped in this direction for the present. An important point about this chute of ore, and one of great importance to the mine with regard to its future success, is that though low grade above the third level, from there down it gains wonderfully and has been ever since of a grade that would be considered very high in any mine which had not ore as exceptionally rich as that taken from the middle chute. This increase of values continues down to the 540 level, the lowest point at which- it has been tapped as yet. There is at present enough of this ore in sight to keep the mill running for about six months and every prospect of again finding the lead in place on the sixth level when prospected for there. The West Chute.—This will, I consider, prove to be the main body and dividend payer of the mine as, though not averaging high, about $6.00 mill run, it is more consistent and less broken so far as worked up to the present. Being higher up the hill it seems to have had less pressure brought to bear against it. On this chute no drifting has been done above the third level. The ore was cut on this level 495 feet west from the main shaft and from that point the level is driven all in ore to the end—a distance of about 310 feet with the face of the drift still full in ore. There are indications that the grade is gradually improving towards the west end, though nothing definite can be said on this point without a mill test. Very little stoping has winze from the fourth level east was sunk no feet, 400 feet of raises were made from different levels, and 1,600 feet of drifts and crosscuts were run. This extraordinary development entailed a cost of $33,950.00. As a result of this work the vein or lode was found in place on the Cariboo claim 495 feet west of the main shaft on the 3rd level. On this level from the point where the vein was struck there has been opened up 320 feet of continuous ore averaging at least 4 feet in width, the face being in ore of the same width. This ore was also found on the 4th level (being 100 feet deeper) at a distance of 350 feet west of the main shaft, and has been opened up on this level for a distance of 220 feet, the vein being of the same average width. For a more particular description of this ore chute reference may be had to the report of Mr. Harry McMaster, M.E., which will be submitted to you. At a point 45 feet below the 5th level and 30 feet west of the winze on the Okanagan claim, (being the winze hereinbefore referred to) the vein was also found. This ore having been located recently, only 60 feet of drifting has been done. The vein here averages three to four feet in width, and the ore is of high grade. As a result of the development work carried on during the year, it appears that while the vein on the west end of the present workings on the company's property is continuous, the faulty condition of the vein on the east end, which at this point had been its characteristic from the beginning, would seem to be unimproved at the depth so far reached. In consequence of this it has been considered inadvisable to undertake an extension of the company's milling plant for the present. In the circumstances it appears to be the policy for the company to continue the work on the present lines, following the ore until at greater depth a point may be reached below the disturbances in the vein at the east end of of the property, which in the past have been the cause of so much trouble and expense. When this point is reached, and the vein is found continuous at the east as well as the west end of the property, an increase in the milling capacity of the company's plant will be properly in order. REPORT ON THE CARIBOO-M'KINNEY MINE. Following out instructions, I left here on December 9th, 1901, for the McKinney mine, where I made a stay of nearly two weeks, making a thorough and careful examination. The following is a report of the condition of the mine as I found it :— The company's property consists of the Maple Leaf, Emma, Alice, Cariboo, Amelia and Okanagan claims and the Saw Tooth fraction. Beyond a few test pits and open cuts the work so far has been confined entirely to the Cariboo, Amelia and Okanagan claims and the Saw Tooth fraction and consists of a main shaft 367^ feet deep with levels driven east and west and a winze sunk from the fourth level 590 feet east of the main shaft to a depth of 196 feet, with an intermediate level driven west from it at 57 feet and the fifth level driven east and west at 100 feet. The ore so far has been divided into three distinct chutes, West, Middle and East. Taking the Middle Chute first, being to date the most important, as from it the mine has obtained its high THE MINING RECORD. been done on this level, a block 75 feet high and 260 feet long being all, while of the ore which has been broken down there still remains some 3,000 tons lying in the stope ready to hoist as required. Values vary very much, anything from $4 to $70 being obtained. The average may, however, be taken as $6 mill run. The width varies very little being about 3 J_i feet, though widening slightly in places. The fourth level cuts the ore 360 feet west of the main shaft. From this point to the end, a distance of about 220 feet it is entirely in good clean ore. A slight break occurs near the end of the level, but not of a very serious nature. A raise has been put through between this level and the third entirely of ore, showing the continuity of it from one level to the other. In this west end chute you have fully two years of ore in sight. Summing up I would point out that this mine differs from most in that values while getting richer (very much so in the case of the east chute) never get poorer with depth, also where the vein is found in place it varies very little in width. There is therefore only one thing to be afraid of, and it is a most serious one, that the vein may become too faulted to pay to work owing to the amount of dead rock which would have to be removed in prospecting. Should you ever have the good fortune to get through the faulting, the property will undoubtedly be one of the most valuable in the country. It is for this reason that I would advise work being continued on the third level west, this west chute showing more regularity than either of the others. With four or five hundred feet more drifting and a raise put through from the end to the surface, the ore being found consistent in width and value, you would be quite warranted in doubling your stamp capacity, which would double your receipts, while discontinuing work on the east end would cut your expenses down at least one- third ; though I would not advise work being discontinued there until the Middle chute has been found on the fifth level and proved unworkable. Of course work can go on as at present and a small profit be made, but if the idea is to get large profits, an increase in milling capacity with a decrease in the cost per ton of ore handled is necessary. In closing my report I would like to draw your attention to the excellent manner in which the work in this mine has been carried out by your superintendent, Mr. Keane. Expenses have been kept down to the very lowest figure commensurate with good work ; also the admirable manner in which he always has succeeded in recovering the vein, however bad the break may have been, was a continual surprise and pleasure to see. All of which is respectfully submitted, Copy of Assays— Harry McMaster. West Chute. East End Chut Per ton. Per ton. $ 2 40 $18 00 4 25 46 50 6 3° 27 00 17 45 71 50 70 90 THE AMERICAN BOY MINING CO. At the annual meeting held in Spokane this month the manager, Mr. T. McGuigan, made the following report : The mine has been developed by 1,738 feet of tunnelling and drifting, 1,360 feet of raise, and 5,422 cubic yards of stoping. The mine shipped 1,743 tons of ore, netting the company $45,962.28, or a net profit after paying all expenses at the mine of $5,887. I estimate that the ore in transit to the smelters will clear all of the indebtedness at the mine. Aside from this the company has an indebtedness of but $1,600. With the splendid showing in the mine there is every reason to believe the property can be made a dividend payer within the next few months. There is between $50,000 and $60,000 worth of ore in sight, and steps are to be taken at once to drive tunnel No. 4, which we estimate will strike the same ore chute in which we are working in tunnel No. 3. The tunnel to the ore chute will not ex- <.oaH t on root- in l.Mi.rtl. Tho r\a\r ctr_glr in XJ<-, i -i ,-...-_ ceec a 120 feet in ength. The pay streak in No. -_. feet wide and assays from lead and 150 ounces of silver. We ed the pay streak in Nc. The company now has employed at the mine a force of 22 men. _ver« 75 to 81 per cent. have already follow- . distance of 35 feet. ACETYLENE MINE LAMPS. SINCE the discovery in 1892 of the process of making calcium carbide in commercial quantities at a reasonable cost, acetylene gas as an illuminating agent has been before the public in many forms and for many uses, perhaps the best known of which is the brilliant acetylene bicycle lamp which has shown its immense superiority in all points over the older forms of using oil. It has recently been introduced and is meeting with success in a field where the lighting problem is a difficult one, namely, in tunnels and mines. Various devices using oil, candles and electricity have been presented to solve the problem. Oil has many advantages—it is cheap, is easily obtainable and the men are accustomed to its use. It has, however, two serious faults. The smoke from it is often so great as to drive men out of small workings, many mines requiring extra ventilation on this account. In gold and silver mines it cannot be used successfully because spilled oil interferes with the separation of the metal. From what figures are obtainable the cost of this method seems to average about 5 cents per miner's lamp for eight hours use. In the west, paraffine candles have been generally adopted in mines of precious metals. They largely overcome the difficulty of smoke, lessen the fire risk, and are generally more satisfactory than oil, but are far more expensive. Figures obtained from a silver mine in New Mexico may be considered as fairly representative though others may show wide variation. Three hundred and fifty men are employed and the cost of candles is $3 per man per month, working 30 days. It would thus at first appear that electricity would be the ideal method of lighting a mine. It has proved satisfactory in many cases, but it has drawbacks. The lights cannot quickly and readily be moved from place to place and withdrawn when a blast is to be fired. The sharp rocks cut the covering and sulphur in the water fumes rapidly destroy the insulation. Condi'ions of operating vary so greatly that it is difficult to obtain figures which would be even approximately accurate for the cost of electricity per lamp in mining plants, but the general opinion seems to be that a 16 c. p. electric light costs from 8 cents to 10 cents per eight hours. The ideal light must be bright and clear, free from smoke or f-mell, easily transported, and one which is inexpensive in first cost and cost 106 THE MINING RECORD. of operation. It must, above all, be capable of use by inexperienced men and those found on the ground. It must be safe, durable and economical. Acetylene gives a light the brilliance of which is beyond question and on analysis the light is found to be the nearest approach to sunlight of any artificial light yet produced, with regard to its effect on the-purity of air in confined spaces, we quote from a recognised authority, Prof. Vivian E. Lewes: " The researches of Dr. Grehant have shown us that when burning with a smokeless flame, no carbon monoxide can be detected in the products emitted by the combustion of acetylene, and its sanitary position will, therefore, be defined by the amount of oxygen abstracted fro rt the air and carbon dioxide produced, as compared with other illuminants. Taking the average-sized room which would be well lighted by an illumination equal to 64 standard candles, we find that this amount of light from the various illuminants would show the following results : Oxygen removed Products of Combustion from air water carbon cubic feet. vapour. dioxide. " Sperm candles 38.5 26.2 43.6 " Paraffine in oil 24.9 14.0 39.8 " London gas— Batswing burner 26.1 29.4 19.2 Argand burner 23.0 25.6 17.0 Regenerative burner ..10.6 8.3 5.2 Incandescent burner .. 3.1 4.6 1.8 "Acetylene 5.0 2.0 4.0" The incandescent electric light of course is not mentioned as it is ideal in this respect, but we see that with the exception of the incandescent mantle gas burner, nothing approaches acetylene. It might also be said in justice to the objects of this paper that the paraffine oil mentioned in the table was not burned in smoky miners' lamps where obviously its bad effects would be largely magnified. Attempts have been made to perfect an acetylene lamp which would endure the severe service imposed by conditions found even in the best tunnels and mines. The Baldwin Acetylene Mine Lamp, illustrated herewith, has been in use for the last year and during this time under close investigation, the results have been uniformly satisfactory. These lamps are now offered in Canada by The James Cooper Manufacturing Co., Ltd., of Montreal. This lamp is made in two styles, the smaller, known as the Superintendent's Lamp, is intended for superintendents, surveyors, mine bosses, inspectors and others moving about from place to place. It is useful for surveying purposes, as the flame when looked at end on, is only about 1-8 inch in diameter, and there is a metal point on the lamp, just under the centre of the flame, which permits of its being set very accurately over a surveying point. It weighs 9 oz. and will hold a charge of carbide sufficient to keep it burning at full brilliancy for four hours. It takes only a couple of minutes to clear out and recharge the lamp with carbide and fill the tank with water. The larger form or Gang Lamp, is intended for headings, enlargements, stations and switching points where a large volume of light is required to permit several men to work. The No. 8 lamp, burning ^ foot per hour, gives about 20-candle power. The No. 7 burning % foot per hour, gives slightly more than half this amount of light, or about as much as six sperm candles, or three oil lamps. The actual illuminating effect is far greater since it gives off absolutely no smoke to deaden the light. These lamps are solidly made of cast iron to stand severe usage and one may be turned upside down or rolled about on its side without fear of the light going out, or in any way affecting its burning qualities. Relative to the cost of operating, it has been found that I lb. of calcium carbide will easily give four cubic feet (often more) of gas. Carbide will cost in quantities about six cents per pound at the mine. No. 7 lamp holds %. lb- of carbide and has a burner consuming % cubic ft. per hour, or a run of eight hours for three cents. No. 8 holds 1 lb. of carbide, and has a J_-foot burner and will cost 6 cts. for 8hrs. light. To afford a further comparison of operating costs- we select the New Mexico mine already referred to, working 365 days in the year, and consider it using Baldwin lamps burning yz lb. of carbide a day : FIRST YEAR. Candles for 350 men at $3 per month per man one year $12,600 00 Lay 365 No. 7 lamps at $5 cost $1,825 00 175 lbs- carbide a day for one year 3.832 50 5,657 50 $6,942 50 SECOND YEAR. Candles, same as first year $12,600 00 175 lbs. caibide a day $3,832 50 Repairs, say 50 cts. a lamp on 350 lamps .... 175 00 4,007 50 Saved by using Baldwin lamps $8,592 50 These lamps have been extensively adopted by the contractors of the New York subway and have proved most suitable for their severe usage. CANADIAN TRADE IN MINING MACHINERY.t IF evidence were required of the great and rapidly growing importance of the mining and smelting industries of the Dominion to the trade and commerce of the country, it will be found in the immense volume of trade being done by our mining companies with the manufacturers and dealers in mining machinery and mining supplies.. Tor the past couple of years this trade in Canada has aggregated several millions of dollars, and Canadian engineering establishments have been worked to their fullest capacity, while a very large trade has been done with other countries, most notably the United States. Some idea of this expansion may be gathered from the following figures, from the Trade and Navigation Returns periodically published by the Department of Customs. The following table shows the value of the mining and smelting machinery imported free of duty during the fiscal years ended 30th June, 1900 and 1899 :— 1900. 1899. Nova Scotia $320,038 $ 24,243 British Columbia 182,087 88,911 Ontario I45.°4° 142,216 Quebec 30,661 26,621 New Brunswick 10,246 212 Manitoba 1,600 1,080 N. W. Territory 674 10,926 Yukon 33.841 5.591 $724,187 The following table shows the monthly returns of the mining and smelting machinery, free and dutiable, import adafrom 30th June, 1900, to 30th September last:— Month. Free. July ,-. $59,222 August 129 398 September 151,211 October 170,954 November December ... 1901. January . February March April May June July August September ... iio,393 103.794 in.134 162,030 62,185 52,921 259.309 162,674 58,919 7o,979 84.479 Dutiable. $7.57o 2,544 2,786 175 6,801 28,724 4,196 9,689 806 517 6,180 12,269 4,267 16,428 599 $299,800 value of the ed into Can- Total. $66,792 131.942 153.997 171,129 117.r94 132,518 115.330 171,719 62,991 53.438 265,489 174.943 63,186 87,407 85,078 Tota $1 The following table shows mining machinery, free and du Month Free. Dutiable. Free. 1900. $ $ $ July.... 54,766 7,57o 2,320 Aug.... 125,751 2,544 3,647 Sept. .. !47.35i 2,786 3,86o Oct. . . 162,637 172 8,278 Nov. . 103,993 6,801 6,400 Dec 98,164 4.734 5,630 1901. Ian .... 111,129 4,196 -.5' Feb 162,030 9.689 March . 58,980 806 April... 5i.97i 5'7 950 May ... 257.523 6,180 1,786 June ... 162,369 10,602 305 July.... 58,486 4,267 433 August. 70,764 16,428 2I5 Sept. . 82,945 518 1.534 Total.. $i ,708,859 77,8i3 35>3°3 ,749,602 $103,551 $1,853,153 the sources from which our imports of liable, were derived :— Other Coun- Total. tries. Great Britain—, Dutiable. 2,136 39 ,990 1,667 82 66,792 i3«.942 153.997 171,129 171,129 132,518 171,719 62,991 53,438 265,489 174.943 63,186 87,407 85,078 5.657 55 461 1. t The Canadian Mining Review. TRANSFER OI A BOUNDARY SMELTER. By E. Jacobs. THE purchase by the Montreal & Boston Copper Co., Ltd., of Montreal, Quebec, of the smelter built early last year by the Standard Pyritic Smelter Co.. near Boundary Falls, has been definitely announced. Reports had been in circulation for a week or more, previous to the completion of the transaction, to the effect that it had been closed, but these lacked confirmation until Jan. 20th. The smelter property latterly belonged to Mr. Wm. Price, of Quebec, he THE MINING RECORD. 10? having foreclosed a mortgage he held over it, as the recent sale was made on his behalf, he being represented in this matter by Mr. E. J. Wilson, manager of the Standard Pyritic Smelting Co. The erection of the buildings and equipment of the smelter proceeded for some time under the direction of Mr- Andrew Laidlaw, now of Chicago, who also took a prominent part in organising the Standard Pyritic Smelting Co., but before the plant was installed he sought the assistance of Mr. Tas. W. Neill, for many years manager of the Taylor & Brunton Ore Smelting Co., of Salt Lake, Utah. Later Mr. Wilson, who had for some time been metallurgist in charge of the blast furnaces of the Great Falls smelter, Montana, arrived to take charge of the new works, but owing to the lack of a sufficient ore supply to keep the smelter running continuously and for other reasons, he -advised that the furnace be not yet blown in. The following description of the works has been supplied to the writer:—The large main building—the smelter proper—182 feet in length by 120 ft. in width. Measuring from the feed floor in the centre of the building the height is 64 feet, and from the furnace floor to the roof nearly 80 feet. Facing from the north, on the west end of the building is the sampling department, in which there are two 36-inch and two 48-inch automatic samplers, a 7x10 Blake rock crusher, two sets of 12x20 rolls and two belt elevators. East of the sampling depart- 8 merit are located .the bins for the sample discard.' Next are placed two parallel rows of ore storage bins, eight in a row and each bin 34x16 ft. Farther east are lime and coke storage bins, the whole group of bins occupying the central portion of the building from north to south and over them run double railway tracks. At a lower level the furnace floor extends east from the stone retaining wall 60 feet and has a length of 140 feet. The dust flue, of stone walls with arched brick roof, runs about 200 feet to the steel smokestack which is 9 ft. 6 in. in diameter and 112 feet high above a 14 ft. brick base. On the furnace floor level are two 75-horse-power engines, one to run the No. 7 Connersville blower and the other the sampling machinery. The furnace is 40 in. x 176 in. inside the tuyere line and has a normal capacity of 300 tons each 24 hours. It is a larger furnace than those of the Granby and B. C. Copper Co's smelters. A 250-light Siemen-Halske dynamo run by a high speed Atlas engine furnishes lighting facilities. A well-equipped laboratory for assay purposes, and commodious offices also form part of the establishment. Dr. Wilson has already placed the purchasers in possession of the smelter, and it it is stated that Mr. H. C. Bellinger, the well-known" smelter expert, who reported on the works for the new owners, is preparing plans for a coarse crushing plant and various other improvements. The requisite additional machinery will be ordered very shortly and preparations for starting up the works as soon as possible are being pushed, the intention being to smelt ores in the ordinary manner. There is a lot of coal and coke on hand and it is claimed that the Montreal and Boston Copper Co's Sunset mine is now in shape to maintain an output of about 4C0 tons of ore per diem. Mr. Albert I. Goodell, of Pueblo, Colorado, has been strongly recommended for the position of metallurgist, and it is probable he will shortly arrive at Greenwood to take charge of operations. Mr. Goodell has been engaged at the Philadelphia smelter, Pueblo, and the Kokomo smelter, near Leadville, Colorado, and recently had charge of the Needles Smelting Co's copper- matte plant at Needles, California. Mr. C. R. Craig has already arrived from Seattle to take the post of accountant at the smelter. The Montreal and Boston Copper Co., Ltd., was organized last year with a capital of $3,000,000 in 600,000shares of $5 each. The leading men in the company are Messrs. J. N. Greenshields, K. C, Montreal; William Mitchell, Drummondville, Quebec ; T. Crockett, Riviere du Loup, Quebec ; H. H. Melville, Boston, and G. H. and A. A. Munro, Montreal. The company owns the Sunset, Crown Silver, C. O. D. and Florence Fraction mineral claims, all adjoining and situate in Deadwood camp, near Greenwood. The Sunset is opened up to a depth of 400 feet and the Crown Silver to 262 feet, the total footage of work done on these properties in underground development to January 1st, ult., being 4,516 lineal feet. It is stated that there are at least 250,000 tons of ore in sight above the 200-foot level of the Sunset, and that ore has been cut at both the 300 and 400 levels. Last year 800 tons of ore were shipped to smelters chiefly for test purposes. The equipment at the Sunset includes two 80-horse-power horizontal return tubular boilers, half of a 20-drill duplex air compressor, two air receivers, ten 2% machine drills, a 100- horse-power, double-cylinder, double-drum, link-motion Jenckes hoisting engine ; Laurie feed water-heater, safety-platform cage, electric light plant, well-found tool and repair shop, assay plant, etc. Recently commodious bunk and boarding houses were erected, ore bins with a holding capacity of about 2,000 tons, and an elevated tramway from shaft to ore bins built, and other substantial improvements made. A railway spur was also put in, to facilitate shipment of ore to the smelter. Latterly there have been between 50 and 60 men on the mine pay roll. Captain Harry Johns is in charge and Mr. H. Galbraith, a McGill graduate, is assayer at the mine. . thus reducing the cost of mining development. Several of the smelters are also figuring in utilising the same energy. Spring will see the plant in operation. The cheapening of power as compared with steam will permit the handling of mineral bodies that now cannot be worked. The Cascade power is controlled by the London & British Columbia Goldfields company, of London, England. At Cascade, the Kettle river rushes through a rock gorge for a distance of half a mile, and has a natural fall of 121 feet. A dam 400 feet long and 50 feet high has been constructed at the head of the gorge, which raises the water 36 feet above the natural level, thus giving a working head of 156 feet at low water. The permanent water level will be 10 feet below the top of the dam. Provision has also been made to control the water level durirg periods of high water by a series of sluice ways. From the dam the water is to be conveyed to the power house, first by an open cut 233 feet long, thence through a tunnel through the solid rock a distance of 410 feet, the tunnel being 12 x 14 feet, thence to an open cut in the rock a distance of 500 feet; from this point, where a concrete bulkhead will be built, the water will be conveyed through a circular flume 12 feet in diameter to the power-house. About 35,000 cubic yards of rock have been excavated from these cuts. The areas are so large that no appreciable loss of water will occur, and the water will enter the flume with a head about equal to the level of the water in the dam. The power-house is nearing completion. It is a fire-proof structure of stone and brick, 215 x 45 feet in size, and is situated at the foot of the falls, 5,000 feet from rhe#dam. Electrical machinery of the most improved pattern, together with six turbine wheels of the horizontal type, are now being manufactured especially for this plant. At the outset the horse-power developed will be 3,000, but later it is expected that a maximum of 6,000 horse-power will be reached. A right of way has been cleared from Cascade to Phcenix via Grand Forks, a distance of 21 miles. This clearing is 122 feet wide. Two separate duplicate lines are being constructed. The poles have already been erected. A heavy copper wire will be used for the transmission of the electrical energy. SLOCAN CITY MINING DIVISION. (From Our Own Correspondent.) A HEAVY mid-February thaw has cut our sleigh roads out, and traffic is practically suspended. The shipments for the six weeks of the year amount to 657 tons, made up from four properties: Tons. Arlington 570 Enterprise 60 Neepawa 20 Ottawa 7 657 Of these, the last two, though old prospects, are new shippers. The Neepawa is being developed by London capital under Mr. Sandford's management, and the expectation is that the shipments will be steady from this on. The Ottawa has been opened by the leaseholders and seven tons shipped were taken out in developing and in cutting through one ore body, and returned, according to smelter returns, $1,308.00 net. This high grade ore running 1,162 oz to the ton, and the balance of the shipment 318 oz. News of the development in camp seems to be very satisfactory. The Iron Horse struck ore at the 50-foot level, and are increasing their force. The Slocan Republic Co. are asking assistance toward the construction of a waggon road up Republic mountain. As this will reach the Viking or Phoenix-Viking mine, as well as the Erin and Peerless groups and form the first step toward the groups at the head of Twelve-Mile creek, they will doubtless get what they ask for. The management are about to put in a hoisting plant on Mount Speculator. CASCADE'S WATER POWER. THE development of 3,000 horse-power on the Kettle river at Cascade, 15 miles east of Grand Forks, will soon be an accomplished fact. The work has been in progress for nearly two years. Electrical power will be conveyed by wire to the various mining camps, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN YMIR DISTRICT. (From Our Own Correspondent.) IT is expected that the big cyanide works at the Ymir mine will be ready for the first charge about the first of March. About the end of the same month it is probable that the big crosscut tunnel which has now been run nearly 2,000 feet, will be the subject of great interest, as the estimated distance of the vein is only 2,100 feet from the mouth of the tunnel. Should the vein be encountered and prove to be of as great dimensions and of the same average grade as in the upper levels the life of the mine is assured for a great number of years. The element of doubt as to meeting the vein is however almost eliminated now by reason of the depth obtained in the shaft which has followed the vein down to meet the tunnel, and has now reached a depth of about 800 feet. The London Statist, which is always an extremely conservative paper has made an estimate of the total ore which may be calculated upon above the 1,000-foot level, its estimates being based upon figures supplied by the London directors. According to the estimate there will remain to be worked 370,000 tons which, with the present mill practice 108 THE MINING RECORD, with the additional saving by. cyanide represents a net profit over and above all expenses of $1,850,003 to be obtained from the 1,000 foot level. These estimates, however, are based upon an average vein width of 13 feet, for a length of pay chute of 500 feet. This, however, is generally regarded here as very largely underestimated. Within the limit of the 500 foot pay chute, thirteen feet is actually the minimum width, while the maximum reaches forty feet. A fairer average would probably be twenty feet, which would raise the total value of the ore above the 1,000 foot level to over four million and a half dollars. The Broken Hill Mining & Development Co. have just received returns from the Nelson smelter on a shipment of 20 tons of ore from the Fourth of Tuly shaft on the Wilcox mine. The ore went over $70 per ton, the actual net profit after smelter deductions, for freight and treatment being $1,084 f°r the single car load. The ore was not picked but taken from all across the pay chute, which varies in width from eighteen inches to four feet. The strike recently made on the Union Jack mine is rapidly assuming more and more importance, and may now be fairly, said to indicate the existence of a large body of high grade ore. The face of the drift on the Queen vein is now all in solid galena ore of which the average of a number of samples went over $40 in all values. The Active Gold Mining Co. of Cincinnati, who have acquired the property are making preparations for development on a large scale. DEVELOPMENTS IN LARDEAU DISTRICT. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THERE has really been nothing of consequence to report from this locality for some time, as there is no work worth mentioning being carried on except at the Silver Cup and the Nettie L. In the latter, however, the long upraise connecting the upper and lower workings is completed, and has passed through some very fine ore on the way, indicating the permanence of the ore body at greater depths than it had been followed so far. Of course this will be a very great assistance in developing the resources and extracting the values of the mine, and it is the intention of the management to greatly increase the force of men employed so as to ship much larger quantities of ore than has been done up to the present. The new Victoria smelter is practically completed, and the assay department is busy examining the various samples offered. If energy and perseverance count for anything, the smelter will surely be a success, and if so will indeed " fill a long felt want " in this district, where so many claims cannot afford the expense of a long haul followed by heavy smelting costs. The owners (who, by the way, have not asked for or received any bonus for erecting their smelter here, which is an agreeable .departure from the ordinary method) intend if the present small plant is successful to install a much larger one in the near future, so naturally the result of the experiment is looked forward to with the keenest interest by the citizens of our busy little town. LEGAL DECISIONS AFFECTING THE MINING INDUSTRY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. (Specially Contributed). LOWE V. PARKER. THIS was an action of ejectment tried before Mr. Justice Walkem, at Nelson, B. C, on the 16th day of November, 1900. According to the judgment of the learned judge the facts appear to be that the plaintiff, in 1898, located and recorded near Nelson a mineral claim named the " Rebecca," and that having an interest in an adjoining extension named the " Ida," performed his assessment work for bolhi claims on the " Ida," as he believed, but in reality, as shown by a subsequent survey, not on that claim but on a fraction alongside of it. The plaintiff was illiterate, and asked the Gold Commissioner if the assessment work on the "Ida" would be regarded as impliedly done on the " Rebecca," to which the Gold Commissioner replied that it would. It was contended for defendant that whether there was a consent by the Gold Commissioner or not to obtain the benefit of work done on the " Ida" to protect the " Rebecca" it was plaintiff's duty to fill the notice of his intention to do his assessment work on one or other, of the adjoining claims as required by section 24 of the Minera Act. Mr. Justice Walkem decided that the plaintiff had been unintentionally misled by the Gold Commissioner, and that section 53 of the Act, which says that '' No free miner shall suffer from any act of omission or commission . . . . on the part of any government official if such can be proved " applied ; and also that the omission to file the notice required by section 26 and the incorrect filling up of the affidavit describing the assessment work, were irregularities, covered by the certificate of work subsequently granted for the "Rebecca." That the assessment work was not done on the " Ida" but on an adjoining fraction was held an excusable mistake under the circumstances, the bound aries of the claim not having been surveyed. The learned judge pointed out that one of the cardinal principles of the Mineral Act is that a miner is not to be deprived of his claim in consequence of inadvertent mistakes, such as those in this case. The full court on the 7th November, 1901, dismissed an appeal from Mr. Justice Walkem's decision in plaintiff's favour. CLEARY ET AL V. BOSCOWITZ. In this case on appeal to the Full Court, it was decided that if a certificate of work is to be set aside the Attorney-General must be a party and until set aside all things are presumed in favour of the holder. The section 28 of the Mineral Act referred to in this case and the preceding one is as follows :— 28. " Upon any dispute as to the title to any mineral claim no irregularity happening previous to the date of the record of the last certificate of work shall affect the title thereto, and it shall be assumed that up to that date the title to such claim was perfect, except upon suit of the Attorney-General based upon fraud." Mr. Justice Drake in his judgment says :— " This action was dismissed with costs at the hearing, and the chief ground relied on was that the learned Chief Justice had held that the plaintiffs were not allowed to attack the defendant's title on the ground - that the certificate of work obtained by the defendant was improperly issued by the Mining Recorder, and that the same had been wrongfully and fraudulently obtained. Section 28 of the Mining Act says that it shall be assumed that up to the date of the last certificate of work the title to the claim was perfect, except from suit ot the Attorney-General based upon fraud. One of the objects of this section is to prevent claimants from questioning the correctness or validity of the certificates of work issued by the proper officer. If, as alleged here, the defendant was guilty of fraud in obtaining this certificate the Attorney-General is to bring the suit. There is no regulation in the Act how the party claiming that a fraud has been committed can put the Attorney-General in motion—whether as a relator or by information, or merely as a Crown officer—when satisfied that a fraud has been committed. If the Attor- nay-General declines to move there is no power in the Act to compel him. We think the Chief Justice was correct in the view he took of the section." Justices Irving and Martin concurred. Mr. Justice Martin in his judgment says :— " This case cannot be distinguished from Lowe v. Parker in which the court delivered judgment on the 7th instant. There, no work at all was done on the claims by mistake as alleged. Here also no work was done, by deliberate intention, as alleged. But the result is the same because the question of fraud cannot be raised unless the Attorney-General is a party to the suit." In view of the recent decision of this court in Gelinas et al v. Clark ; Manley v. Collom and Lowe v. Parker, the learned trial judge was right in holding that the certificates of work, if regular in themselves, were conclusive evidence that the work had been done. The appeal was thereforedismissed. The effect of section 28 of the Mineral Act upon the title to mineral claims is of very great importance. How far the certificate of work is conclusive, and what irregularities it covers seems in view of the decisions not to be decided with altogether absolute definiteness. Cato. CORRESPONDENCE. LEAD SMELTING COSTS. To the Editor B. C. Mining Record. SIR,—I have read with interest your able article on the " Lead Producing Industry of B. C." However, it I may be permitted to say so, the impression left on the mind after perusal is that the mine owner should be content to leave freight and treatment charges as they are, and trust to others philanthropy to give them his share of their profits over what will satisfy these interests. That I desire on the part of a mine manager financially backed by the directors, to get lor the shareholders all the profits possible is regarded as a misapprehension of the situation, and as only a disturbing influence against the present happy conditions existing for transportation and smelting interests. Because one dollar per hundred pounds is deducted on lead, with other perquisites under present conditions, therefore, the mine managers should be willing that their argentiferous lead should always be shipped away to be refined, should always be sold through London, instead of direct to consumers. An effort that B. C. should excel rather than follow in metallurgy and business acumen is surely the right spirit among her mine managers. Your obedient servant, Nelson, B. C. • r. c. Campbell-Johnston. . To the Editc YMIR DISTRICT IN 1901. B. C. Mining Record. fv j~^ y?-U allow me t0 make a few corrections in the article on this district which appears in your February issue under my name, -he errors referred to must, I think, have arisen in process of sub- ediang, or are possibly attributable to my indecipherable caligraphy. Keterrtng to the Ymir mine, you make me say the tunnel has " 300 THE MINING RECORD. feet farther to go, so that the connection may be expected in two weeks." There are no better miners anywhere than in Ymir, but I fear they cannot drive 300 feet through hard rock in two weeks. The correct reading should be " ten weeks." 1 The seventh paragraph of page 66 refers to the Shiloh mine and not to the F'og Horn, the sub-title having been omitted. At the end of the article, in referring to the Union Jack- mine you make me appear guilty of an extraordinary statement, remarkable alike for its grammatical construction and the information it coruceys—" recently the resumption of development operations are promising and a large vein of free-milling ore was encountered with a full complement of miners." Now, the mineral deposits in this neighbourhood are undoubtedly rich and I have every desire to advertise the fact, but I fear that I shall be open to the charge of " booming," did I seek to convey the impression that Providence had been so generous as to deposit " full complement of miners" alongside of rich veins, so that all the discoverer need to attend to would be the proper amalgamation of the two. I would suggest that your printer either has shares in this district or is desirous of giving it gratuitous advertisement, or he neglected to properly sort out a little " pi." Yours truly, Ymir, B. C. Percy J. Gleazer. RECENT PUBLICATIONS. WE have received the followingnew books and publications to which a more extended notice will be given next month :— Cyanide Practice, by Alfred James, London, E. & F. W. Spon, Limited; New York, Engineering and Mining Journal Incorporated. Price, $5.00. General Review of Mining in British Columbia, Bulletin No. I, Bureau of Provincial Information. The Financial Crisis in British Columbia, by F. J. Proctor; Vancouver, Evans & Hastings. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. THE Allis-Chalmers Co. received an order through their Salt Lake office, H. V. Croll, manager, for a 60-stamp mill, each stamp weighing 850 lbs., from Allen C. Mason, of Helena, Mont. The mill will be built on the Winston property, four miles from Helena, and will be driven by three electric motors, two for the 60 stamps and one for the large Gales crusher. This mill will have several new features in its construction, among which is a special new design of conveyor for the ore bins, and heavy cast-iron anvil blocks placed under the mortars, which rest upon a large concrete foundation, instead of the ordinary wooden mortar block which has been universally used. This construction will increase the crushing capacity of the stamp from 20 to 25 per cent. It is expected the mill will be in operation by June 1, 1902. slocan. January shipments from the Slocan district were as follows :- 'ayne. Tons. - US Ivanhoe 155 Sunset (Jackson Basin) 160 80 American Boy 84 Arlington 44° Hewett 356 Bosun 100 Last Chance 20 Wonderful 20 Enterprise 60 Queen Bess (for January) 60 Monitor (for January) . .♦ 204 Total tons 1,874 The ore shipments through Kaslo for the month of January were 1,725 tons, as follows :— Tons. Whitewater 573 Rambler-Cariboo 519 Sunset '56 American Boy J 33 Last Chance i°° 83 Reco Wonderful Silver Glance Red Fox .... MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. rossland. ORE production from Rossland from January 1st to February 15th, was divided as follows : Mine. Tons- LeRoi 32,930 Le Roi No. 2 °>775 Cascade 3 Bonanza " ' Velvet f° 40,955 Surprise. 64 35 21 21 Bismarck 20 The output during January and February aggregated approximately 4,000 tons. boundary district. Tonnage output from the Boundary district trom Jan. 1st to Feb. 22 is reported by the Phoenix Pioneer as under :— Granby Mines, Phoenix 29,557 Snowshoe ' l°° Mother Lode, Deadwood 20,652 Winnipeg, Wellington 360 Golden Crown 33° No. 7 Mine, Central 250 Total tons , 5r,329 Granby smelter treatment, tons 28,547 Mother Lode smelter treatment, tons 21,854 LARDEAU. The Trout Lake Topic publishes the following table from that district to date. The returns as given are st urably correct, with the exception of those of the Nett this case the figures, are merely approximate :— Pounds. Silver Cup 2,400,000 Nettie L 2,340,000 Triune 649,776 Cromwell St. Elmo Ethel Broadview Great Northern. Lade Group ... Beatrice Ruffled Grouse . Linson View... 23,289 12,000 34,000 52,000 56,000 12,000 442,000 11,770 6,232,703 of ore shipments ated lo be meas- L. mine. In Gross Value. $180,000 00 146,250 00 82,870 27 1,296 79 510 00 1,596 00 1,664 00 1,344 00 1,320 00 32,239 39 507 19 63 17 $449,660 81 The following is the manager's report of the Le Roi Mining Company for December, dated Rossland, B. C, 18th January :— Output—The shipments made to the Northport smelter for tbe month of December totalled 16,556,212 dry tons of 2^000 lbs. each, which had an average gross value of $10.94 per ton. The following statement gives the general details of the metal contents and values :— Per ton. 5,793.209 ozs. Gold at $20.00 = $115,864 or $7.00 I1.005.-57 ozs. Silver at 56 = 6,063 or .37 46,843 lbs. Copper at I2# = 59. '39 or 3-°7 Gross values $181,056 Average value per ton -piO-94 The gross value of the ore is, therefore, taken as $181,056, from which must be deducted the cost of freight and treatment at $6 per ton, which amounts to $99,337, leaving a balance of estimated profit of $81,719. COAL EXPORTATIONS. COAL shipments from Vancouver Island collieries during the month of January were divided as follows:— Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 31>923 Union x4.574 Ladysmith 7_2_ 64.324 For the three weeks ending February 20th, the New Vancouver Coal Co. shipped to Puget Sound and Alaskan ports 13,150 tons of coal. Production from the Crow's Nest collieries now approximates 2,500 tons of coal per day of 16 hours. 636 coke ovens have been constructed, the daily output of coke being 850 tons, 200 tons of which is supplied to '.he home market. no THE MINING RECORD. ■i THE METAL MARKET. CONDITIONS during the last few.weeks appear to have considerably improved, and the market is generally healthier. Silver quotations have shown little fluctuation, prices having ranged between 55 7-8 and 55X- India is at present the principal purchaser, but inquiry from elsewhere is fair, and there is little likelihood of any further decline. Copper is in good demand, and business has been active, although free offerings of some lots in second hands and the absence of any support from the leading interests has somewhat affected the market. Exports from the States continue on a large scale. The latest quotations from New York are Lake, 12^ and 12^ ; electrolytic, in cakes, wire bars and ingots, 12 and 12^4 ; in calliodes, 11^ and 12 ; casting copper, 12 and I2^jj. Lead has been in good demand at unchanged prices in American, the St. Louis quotation being 3.97^ and 4.05, and 4.05 and 4.10, New York. The London market continues to advance, Spanish lead being quoted duting the last week of February at £11, 13s. 9d. Spelter is firmer at 3.95 St. Louis, 4.10 New York. THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. LOCAL markets during February have been very active, and there has also been heavy dealings in Republic stocks, in anticipation of the early completion of the railway into that district, when a number of mines will commence production under contract with the- Grand Forks smelter. The most active Republic stocks have been Mountain Lion, San Poil, Republic, Lone Pine and Black Tail. Republic advanced from 4 to 13 during the month but reacted to 9. Black Tail advanced from 11 to 14, Mountain Lion from 25 to 35, Lone Pine from 6 to 7^. In B. C. stocks Crow's Nest shares have advanced from $80 to $90, with some sales as high as 92. White Bear has been in considerable demand of. late and has advanced from \l/i. to 4 cents. Winnipeg has also been active and has advanced from 3^ to 5^. Cariboo-McKin- ney after advancing to 35 has since rapidly declined to 23. Centre Star, which was quoted at 46 early in the month, is also weaker at 32. Iron Mask has sold at from 17% to 20, Payne at 28 to 30, Rambler- Cariboo at 82 to 86, Sullivan at 8% to 9. Waterloo has also been in some demand at from 1 y2 to 1 ^ in consequence or a resumption of operations at the mine. All Waterloo shares on which the No. 1, 2 and 3 assessments have not been paid are now forfeitable. The general condition of the market shows improvement. FEBRUARY DIVIDENDS. Cariboo-McKinney, 1 j5_c. per share $18,500 Sunset, Jackson Basin, Slocan 6,000 Provincial Secretary's Office. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to make the following appointment :— 17th January, 1902. Joseph Mackay, of the City of Vancouver, Esquire, to be a Deputy Mining Recorder for the Horsefly District in the Quesnelle Mining Division, with sub-recording office at Harper's Camp, and a Provincial- Police Constable. Goal Mines Regulation Act Amendment Act, 1901. Provincial Secretary's Office, 17th January, 1902. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, under the provisions of 1 Edward VII, chapter 36, has been pleased to constitute a Board of Examiners at the undermentioned Coal Mines, namely:— Nanaimo, represented by the New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Company, Limited. Wellington (Extension), represented by the Wellington Colliery Company, Limited. Comox, represented by the Wellington Colliery Company, Limited. Coal Creek, represented by the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, Limited. Michel, represented by the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, Limited. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been further pleased to appoint the following persons to be Members of the Board of Examiners at the Coal Mine written opposite their respective names, namely :— Joseph Prhys Planta, of Nanaimo, Esquire, Nanaimo Mine. John Cunliffe, of Extension, Esquire, Wellington (Extension) Mine. William Johnston, of Comdx, Esquire, Comox Mine. William Barton, of Fernie, Esquire, Coal Creek Mine. Evan Evans, of Michel, Esquire, Michel Mine. William Stainsby, of Morrissey, Esquire, Morrissey Mine. COAL MINES REGULATION ACT. BOARD OF EXAMINERS. Notice is hereby given that the following constitute the Board of Examiners for the Nanaimo Mine during the year 1902 :— ) Thomas Mills. 2) Benjamin Browit. Appointed by the Owners / (1) 1(2) Alternates { 1 J°"N Newton. \^ (2) Thomas Budge. Appointed by the Lieutenant- "1 T „ „ r n • r* -i i TOSEPH P. PLANTA. Governor in Council / J _. _.«i-m». Elected by the Miners I / (1) William Neave. \ (2) George Johnson. - Alternates ( ft ^OMAS J*MES Shenton. t (2) William Smith. Note.—Alternates act as Members of the Board in the absence of those regularly appointed or elected to act thereon. All persons interested may obtain full information by applying to the Secretary of the Board, Mr. Joseph P. Planta, of Nanaimo,. B. C. Dated this 19th day of February, 1902. MALLCOTT RICHARDSON, Secretary, Department of Mines. wim ROPE. Wire Rope showing good wear. ITS USE BOOK ENTITLED "Wire Rope and its Application to the Transmission of Power." Mailed Free of Charge to all Users and Abusers. Address : Wire Rope showing wires broken from undue bending. and ABUSE. THE TRENTON IRON CO. TRENTON, N. J. Wire Rope showing effect of abrasion. THE MINING RECORD. COAL MINES REGULATION ACT. BOARD OF EXAMINERS; Notice is hereby given that the following constitute the Board of Examiners for the Wellington (Extension) Mine during the year 1902 : Appointed by the Owners ( ft, JAMES Shar^ \ . rK I (2) Alexander Bryden. Alternates I (1) Alexander Shaw. \ (2) John John. Appointed by the Lieutenant- j CuNLIFFE. Oovemor in Council (_ J Elected by the Miners / (1) Benjamin Bf.rto. \ (2) Samuel K. Mottishaw. Alternates I (l) WlLLIAM ANDERSON. Alternates j (2) jQHN Marsh Note.—Alternates act as Members of the Board in the absence of those regularly appointed or elected to act thereon. All persons interested may obtain full information by applying to the Secretary to the Board, Mr. John Cunliffe, of Extension, B. C. Dated this 20th day of February, 1902. MALCOTT RICHARDSON, Secretary, Department of Mines. WANTED. Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in British Columbia. Apply "A," Box 246, Victoria, B. C. WANTED. We are open to act as Fiscal Agents in Boston and New England for the sale of the Treasury Stock of a good Mining Company. Address with full particulars Edward Hedges & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering1 School with unique location giving it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving' occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. E. M. SANDILANDS, Notary Public, Mines, Stocks and Insurance. Repesenting*—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phoenix Insurance * of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Association. Slocan Mines. Codes: Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address ; " Silverlands." Crown Grants Obtained. Sandon, B. C. ft £10 REWARD Will be given to any person who will put Donald Stewart, i Smith Terrace, Wick, Scotland, N. B., in communication with his brother, DAVID RUSSELL STEWART, who was last known to be in the T6tumo Mine, Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward paid.from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E C. TEt. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, __v_CI_ISri2_TGr- BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C. R. MAYNARD, Importer and dealer in all kinds of Pto@lagra/phie Supplies, Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos. Pocos, Etc. Agent for Imperial, Cramer & Hammer Plates, 41 PdndOra Sti, Aristo-Platino, Solio, Kloro, Velox and ■.kh^er,. VICTORIA, B. C. SEATTLE {.■melting \ ^fining Go. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver ; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrates. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. ining Property for Sale in British Columbia. Tenders are invited for the whole property, including Crown granted claims, mill site, cyanide mill, (capacity 45 to 50 tons daily), tramway, assay office, laboratory and full equipment, of the Toronto Lillooet Cold r\eefs Company, Limited, situate in the Lillooet district oi British Columbia, including the Ample, Whale, Monarch, and Welland Vale mines, which are Crown granted, also the North Star, the Golden Stripe, Golden Eagle, Ruby and Jumbo mineral claims, in the same district, together with a ten- stamp mill, machine drills and other equipments. Cash tenders for the whole property are requested but offers on working options or for portions of the property will be considered. From the former group 950 tons of ore has been milled, with an assay value approximating $10.00 to $11.00. Wagon road from railroad to mill. The whole of the above will bear looking into and investigating, and are an exceptionally > important and valuable group of claims with full working equipment. Full particulars may be had on application to Edgar Bloomfield, Liquidator, P. O. box 743, Vancouver, B. C. Valuable Mining Property AT NORTH BEND, B.C., FOR SHLE, • Tenders will be received by The Ottawa Hydraulic Mining and Mill- - ing Company, Limited Liability, addressed to the undersigned, up to Monday, the 6th day of January, 1902, for the purchase of their mining property and water rights at North Bend, in British Columbia, and which may be known as that piece of ground situated at Boston bar, on the east side of the Fraser river, and formerly known as mining ground leased to John Webb, containing 64 acres, more or less, and the grant of water right to use 500 inches of water out of Four-Mile creek, opposite Lyons' ranch, opposite North Bend, together with a flume about four miles long, extending from Four-Mile creek to the mines of the company. There is situate upon the mining land a portable saw-mill, two monitors, a large quantity of iron piping, and also mining tools and supplies, which will be sold with the mine property. The vendors are not to be bound to accept the highest or any tender. For particulars apply to William C. McGillivray, New Westminster, B.C., or to the undersigned. Parkins, Fraser & Burbidgk, 64 Sparks St., Ottawa, Solicitors for the Vendors. THE MINING RECORD. ROFTON, The Future Smelting centre of the Northwest coast. ■Situated at Osborne Bay, on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, the terminus of the Lenora-Mount Sicker Railway. Lots will be placed on the market in a few days. For particulars apply to Lenora Mount bicker Copper. Mining Company, Limited, Non-Personal Liability, MacGregor Block, Victoria. ources of Croftom A Modern Matting and Converting Plant for copper ores. A large Mining District in the immediate vicinity An Unrivalled Harbour with secure anchorage. The Terminus of the Mount Sicker tramway. EAST KOOTENAY MINES AND MINING STOCK. Coal, Petroleum and Timber and ln British Columbia. McVITTIE & HUTCHESON, Cranbrook, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bank of British North America, Va.nCOUV6r, D.O. Concentration OF fllilk O^es. The finest work is done by the HOOPER PNEUMATIC SYSTEM. ADDRESS: General Concentrates Company, 517 W. 30th St., NEW YORK CITY. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. »♦♦»»*♦»»♦< «♦» »»*«♦>«»«♦♦♦♦«»» NPI QflN SMELTING DEPARTMENT. IiLLvUIij j PURCHASES D -» COPPER ORE, D- 0. LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WESTERN MINES EXCHANGE DEALERS IN Excellent connections in financial circles in New York and London. Property owners and locators are invited to communicate with us. Among properties not at present placed we have the following on offer: 5,040 acres of Excellent Coal Lands in the Nicola district. Copper Properties in the Boundary District, and a Free-milling Gold Property in the Lardeau District. Communications should be addressed to __» 11/ i_/AT»cr-»i/-..»r r^fki/> Office: "■ W. WATERLOW KING, Bank of Montreal Chambers, Manager, VICTORIA. B. C. P. O. Box 645, VIGTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECOED. ALUS CHAlMERSm SUCCESSOR TO THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER & CHALMERS. GATES IRON WORKS. DlCKSOjN M F,G. CO, Milwaukee, Wis. * Chicago, 111. fe$S» Chicago, IflS^I Scranton.Pa. MANUFACTURER OF Mining Machinery The Blake Ore Crusher as built by Allis-Chalmers Co. is of the most approved design, used for reducing rock preparatory to fine crushing or pulverising by stamps, rolls or Huntington Mills. It is durable and simple to operate and is so well known that it requires no explanation. We build the Blake Crusher in six standard sizes ; the openings for'receiving the ore vary from 4 i-8" x \y2" for laboratory purposes to 24" x-12" in the largest size. We are prepared to quote prices or. larger sizes, and make prompt delivery. Sole Builders of the Famous G-ates' Rock and Ore Breakers. BRANCH OFpES; NEW YORKj^^|EwltandeBldg. PITTSBURC,, 305 jppfj Bldg. J^N-APOUS. 416 Corn ExchaogeWdg. PEN\$R. 16491remoni||$ SALT LAKE tirn Ilbol^lMftS GENERAL OFFICE: £ft0ME INSURANCE .BUILDING.7--'t^ pKANCH OFFICES: SPOKANE. 5l2firstAve. SAN ERA\CiSC0^7Monlgomec> St. CITTfoF^ICO; 8 Calie Oanle. LONDON, ENfi. 160 Dashwood' House. n THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. fl ITY BRITISH COLUHBIA. .. Situated on 20-mile creek, Similkameen river. (Owned by the Hedley City Syndicate.) Nickle Plate Mountain is the most talked about mineral section of British Columbia to-day, and hundreds of people all over the northwest are preparing to go there at an early date. On this mountain lies the famous Nickel Plate mines, which many mining men consider the greatest prospective mining property in Canada ; here also lies the great Kingston Warhorse, Rollo Banner and other noted properties with wonderful large, rich bodies of ore. Thousands of dollars will be expended in their development during the coming summer. At the base of this mountain and close to all the noted mines lies the townsite of Hedley City. This town is the only supply point for the mines of this district. The government is building roads to the townsite. Trails to the mines are being built rapidly and a large force of men are being employed. The new railroad down the Similkameen will be built to Hedley City at an early date and in a very short time this place will present a scene of activity seldom witnessed. Many predict it will be the greatest mining camp in the northwest Lots are expected to sell at very high figures within a few months. It is but a short time ago that lots in Rossland, Greenwood, Nelson, Phcenix and Sandon, which are now worth thousands of dollars, were selling at the same prices as are now being asked for lots in Hedley City, and the same thing is certain to be repeated at this place. Until the first day of May lots will be sold at from $100 to $150, on easy terms. After that date the prices will be more than doubled. Lots are selling very rapidly. Intending purchasers should make immediate application in order to secure the most desirable locations. We have made a personal examination of the property and can assist purchasers in their selection. Maps of the surrounding country, plan of townsite, location of mines, samples of ore, etc., may be seen at this office. R H. PARKINSON, - Manager and Trustee. FAIRVIEW, B. C. For Terms and Prices address: R. H.Parkinson, general manager and trustee, Fairview, B.C.; E. Bullock- Webster, agent, Keremeos; J. H. Yates, Spokane, Wash, U.S.A.; G. Alers-Hankey, Vernon; Oliver Fetherston- haugh, Hedley City. —-I THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. The Mining and Commercial Centre for the whole Similkameen; SIMILKAMEEN CITY Situated in Camp Hedley, close to the Nickel Plate* Kingston, Sunset and Pollock Groups of Mines, and Stirling Creek Copper Camp. Town Lots on t\\e IVjarket at a very Low Figure vi\\\c\\ will shortly rise 50 per cer[t. PRICES : $75 to $150. In three payments: one-ttyrd cash; one-thjrd in three months; one- third in, six months. This townsite is located in the Similkameen Valley, half way between Keremeos and Princeton, on the main government wagon road, which forms the main street. Its geographical position is a natural one, comprising several large flats, which extend from the base of the mountains in a fan-shaped area on a gentle slope of the Similkameen river. It is protected from all opposition, by a large Indian reservation on the east and southeast, which extends over seven miles along the Similkameen valley in Camp Hedley. The Townsite Company own all the adjoining land on the west, besides large timber limits for building purposes, which is the only available timber in Camp Hedley for saw-mills. Already a lerge number of lots have been sold, on which the purchasers intend to erect buildings. The townsite is all cleared and ready for building purposes, being surveyed off into lots, and blocks .on modern principals, and Crown granted, the main street being 90 feet wide. The townsite is situated on the location line of the V. V. & E., Columbia & Western, and the Coast-Kootenay Railways, in fact all roads, railroads, telegraph and telephone lines have to go through it, as it is the only available pass from the interior to the coast, which in view of the enormous mineral wealth surrounding it, is in itself a sufficient guarantee of its future prosperity. Camp Hedley and the surrounding mining camps, are considered by mining engineers of repute, to embrace the richest mining section in the Province, and Similkameen City is therefore the mining and commercial centre of this important part of British Columbia. Now is the Time to Buy Town Lots, they will Never be as Cheap Again. This is an Investment and no Speculation. For further particulars apply to Frank Bailey, gen'l mgr., Greenwood, Fairview and Similkameen City. Head Office: 4 Wallace-Miller Block, Greenwood. H. M.-Keeper, general agent. Other agencies at Rossland, Nelson, Victoria, Vancouver, and all Boundary towns, as well as at Toronto, Ont. Spokane Wash,, and other important cities. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J C GWILLIM, B. Sc Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B. C. mining" districts. I BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. <_> <r> Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring- Crown grants. GOLDEN, B.C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P. O. Box 43. john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO., MINING and CIVIL, ENGINEERS oi rvnAM t_* _•> and LAND PURVEYORS. oLvJL/AlN, tSa VS. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing.and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy Assaying- of Ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, Sio; j Full Coarse of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year. Send for circular. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Half, SAN FRANCISCO. B. H. HURST & CO'Y Minii Brokers and Operators. Bankers : C. B. of Commerce. % Codes: Clough; Moreing & Neil. 16 TROUNCE ALLEY. iZICTORIH, B. O W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims (and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. ITMC I IVIIK DISTRICT asaffonttngthebestmining- investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling1 on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during" igoi, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. G. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies .dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A, W, MORE & CO, Ltd, MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeill's, Moreing & Neal's, Clough's, and A. B. C, Fourth Edition. 86 GOVERNMENT STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, BSc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer. Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Mech. Eng. of England* Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Vancouver^ B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. /,- McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer,. TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. NfCHOLs, A.R.S.M.I Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. DOUGLAS LAY, A.RS.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Present Office and Laboratory NELSON, B. C. Prompt attention given to samples by mail or express. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. O. JOHN B HOBSON, Mi^cZ'ltd™*00 p§ Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift atid Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON," Ashcroft, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T. HA ULTAIN, C E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, nFFICF ■ I8' ° and io, Nelson, B. C. J. B. TYRRELL. M. Inst M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON. CANADA. Cable Address: "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. H. MCGREGOR. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVII, ENGINEERS, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA __!£ NELSON. E. JACOBS^ Accountant, Auditor, Etc. G-REBNAVOOD, IB. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited.. Accounts Kept Regu.ar.y Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. Helga Gold and Copper Mining Co'y. "-•'Mines situatediri Vancouver, B. C,''District. CAPITAL, $1,000,000. PAR "VALUE, $1.00. Office, 75 Sullivan Building. V. R. PIERSON, President. J. A. FREEMAN, Secretary M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson. A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. HOLDICH, Analytical Chemist^ Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal and Iron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. O. ^EUIflBliE ASSAYS. Gold $ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 Lead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper... 1.50 Samples by mail-receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OC.DEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B. C Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made ou Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. NELSON, B. C. Box 676. tp* && &r* N|achinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. _=>I___-.3SrS. _D_=-___.'VvrIlSrc3-S_ _-_STI3VC____T__aS_ W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M., A.I.M.M. Assayer in charge of Provincial Govern- E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M.F.G.S. ment Assay Office at Vancouver. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman,* PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office an,d Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Reports on IV[ines and Metallurgical and Milling Processes. SPECIALTY: UMPIRE and CONTROL ASSAYS. Cable and Telegraphic Address : Analysis, Vancouver. 1 iiaiinniiiipn n r. Codes : Moreing &Neal,A.B.C. and Lieber. / VANCOUVER, B. C. Victoria Office: 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. . and AM. INST., M. E. IVjolson's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. C. '. C. B. BAGSHAWE. REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % % Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. C. A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining- Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia $W SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL. ^ Milling and Surveying Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. F. NICHOLSON. CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting* capital and affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince; .Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who .can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal "Bttention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the pfropjerty. PETERBOROUGH, B.C., EAST KOOTENAY. THE MINING RECORD. HOTELS, MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS NO C3-OO.D 1 Advertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EflPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do yourbusiness at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, " British and Canadian Press Bureau," 24 Coleman St., London, E.C. the mifliHG JoUSfmi* Railway and Commercial Gazette. Established i83s- Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, B. C Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining- Journal, including: postage, is as follows: Canada.... * 12 months. 6 months. 3 months. 28s. 14s. 7s. Payable in Advance. NOW READY. The MINERAL LNDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working- drawings.1 Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable technical monographs embodied in the present volume are the following : Progress in the Aluminum Industry in iqoo, by J. B. C, Kershaw ; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane ; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L. K. Bohm ; Clay and and its manufacture into brick and tile, by H. Ries ; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge ; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production 01 motive power, by G. Lunge ; Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T, Ulke ; Notes on the leaching *of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adcock ; Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Keller ; Raritan Copper Works — general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks ; Manufacture of blue vitriol from argentiferous copper, by J. G. Clemmer ; Recent progress in the Henderson process for extracting copper from pyrites cinders, by J. G. Clemmer ; Fluorspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illinois, by W. E. Burk ; Diamondiforous deposits in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs ; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.; Present development of the barrel chlorination process, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson , Assay of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy at the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe .Alloys of iron, by H. Souther ; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hof- tnan ; Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake ; Electrolyz- ing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke; World's production or petroleum, by Dvorko- vitz ; Origin and occurrence of petroleum in California, by A S. Cooper ; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heri- to; Geology and Technology of the potassium' salts industry in Germany, by F. Klockmann ; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900. by J. B. C. Kershaw : Progress in the sulphuric acid industry in 1900, by F. J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St, Lawrence Co., N.Y., bv C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, by F. Owen ; Review of progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls ; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter ; Progress of metallography in 1900,, by A. Sau^-eur ; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi ; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N. S. W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Greenway ; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R. W. Raymond ; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C, F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CC, 253 Broadway, New York. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIlS/TIT-H-D. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, '95, '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. bkmch: f|i VICTORIA, B. <m 430 CORDOVA STREET. VANCOUVER. Opposite the C. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men; Grand Pacific Hotel ! <m—owius—-© P. A. BARN HART, Proprietor. ||| KAMLOOPS, B. C WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Hotel Vernon, Thoroughly Commercial. 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Hotel Dallas, j VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for igoi under same management. DOMINION HOTEL, VICTORIA, _B_ O- KIFW AMI. MflDFRM Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths, lit*! Hn. IllUUtnn. Electric Lighted, Return CallBellsand first-class service. American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European, Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a day. ZTbe Silver IKinQ Ibotel, BAKER ST., NELSON, B. C. les: 11.000 6. L THEL1N, li. £_= THE MINING RECOED. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSE, ETC. __£■? m_^ ^^Mm. 1 L ~ , > gS7y 11 ^^=s*^sS^^^±r±77ga3___k; ! A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us—Why? We have the best goods and largest assortment in the West. 1*0 ^'*"*"'^^^_S_f9S-^?'*i!' We Can Fill Orders Promptly from our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere. EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for Illustrated Catalogue—Free. Established 1862. ^W^ZEH-IEIR BROS., VICTOBIA, 33- O. Stock Certificates and riining Stationery of an kinds m stock or SuP- plied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. . THE COLONIST P. & P. CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO. i| v VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND NELSON, B. C. and at h. c. Beeton & Co., 55 Finsburu Circus, London, England. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Dry Goods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc. Telegraphic Addresses: Good Indented From AH Parts of the World. 'TURNER," Victoria; "BEETON," London.; "TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson. Layritz Nursery Victoria, B.C. Headquarters for Choice Nursery Stock. Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Small Fruit. Roses, Evergreens, etc., etc. Largest and best assorted stock in the country. Plants carefully packed for shipment to the Interior. Catalogue and Price List on Application. Si Mil Hill HI 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. a trial. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us SEND FOR SAMPLE*,. W. H. L.EQQ. Manager. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES Canadian Paeifie Railway SOO-PACIFIC LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific K™. «rT«j_H-fX-rn *nj*4*jf* -furw-r^jrt Lowest Rates. m TO ALL POINTS IN Best Equipment. T Canada and United States. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to Or to B. W. GREER, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVR, B. C> R. P. RITHET & CO. WHOLESALE MERCHANTS, SHIPPING AND INSURANCE AGENTS. % Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Outer Harbour, Columbia Flouring Mill, Enderby, and Vernon Mills, Vernon. Agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing- Company, Cheminus, V.I.; Victoria Canning Co'y of British Columbia; Fraser River, Skeena River, and River's Inlet Canneries ; Skeena River Packing Company, Skeena River ; Pacific Coas^t^eamship Company, San Francisco ; Scottish Union & National Insurance Company of Edinburgh; Lancashire Insurance Company of England; Queen Insurance Company of America (Fire): and English and American Marine Insurance Co. LLOYD'S KGENCY MHHRF STREET, VICTORIK, B. C. Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. ti:m::e table. Time Table Effective October 15th, 1901. ALASKA ROUTE. From Victoria and-Vancouver for Skagway direct. Steamship Amur every fifteeu days, connecting with "White Pass and Yukon route. VICTORIA—VANCOUVER ROUTE. S. S- Charmer. - Leave Victoria daily 1 a.m. Leave Vancouver daily at J. 15 p.m. NORTHERN B. C. COAST ROUTE. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bhy, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month. VICTORIA—NEW WESTMINSTER ROUTE. S. S. Yosemite. Leave victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. NEW WESTMINSTER—CHILLIWACK ROUTE. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilli- wack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Ch il li wack. | I NEW WESTMINSTER—STEVESTON ROUTE. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs.. 7 a. m.; Fri., 6 a.m.; Sat, 6 p.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. WEST COAST ROUTE. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah," Claoose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ahouset, ' for Cape Scott and Intermediate ports on the 20th each month. \\ This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For full particulars as to time rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P. R. agent or to J. W. TROUP, B. J. COYIiB, ; Manager, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VICTORIA. VANCOUVER The Hudson's Bay Company HAUB: GhE3IsrEE,-_A__X_ STORES K T: Baie de Peres BATTlrifffeJMILP\.■"■ Calgary. - Chapleau 7 Dauphin - Delokaine B EDMONTOlfe^&HP Fort WiXliam'. .■ Kamloops > Langley ' Lethbridge . I -•.tovy-ER: FQRfvtQtARRY ^MftCLEOD i^l&ATTAWA MORDEN Nelson , Pincher Creek Postage la Prairie Port Simpson ' Prince Albert 'fi'CM%PPELLK , Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sbdbury Touchwood Hills Vancouver Victoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg jk^'i And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba anajsNorthwest Territories. Purchasers >yj}k find at these Store's th» best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the worhd^: Eand Rockl Brills Have jotm^^^^^^^^^^^ Just the t|t*ng for light work. li! Canadian land II Co. Rossland, B. C. Greenwood, B. C. FELTEN & GDILLEAUME, Carlswerk, Actien Gesellscbaft. Hnlheim on Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AI$jj^p_BLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangre- mcnt for avoiding fire-damp explosions in case of the cable breaking:. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING j Round and Flat Wire Ropes, nA|bert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Rop p tented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superior quality FOR CANADA.-. WATSON JACK & CO. 7JT. HELEN SWEET MONTREAL EVERY BELT GUARANTEED GENUINE OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTING ''■■■*. £&^iffi For Exposed Situations Use "Lancashire" Hair Belting. «ATA.L0CUE AND DISCOUNTS ON AMPLICATION. D. K. McLARBN, Montreal, Toronto. __w: — i),00#lFm:TON JMHEELS NOW RUNNING- Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Electric Transmissioi ana Mining Plants ^fe^ii-n ^irti^N FRANCISCO, gCAL. J. 0. HARRON, President. THOS. RICKARD, 1st Vice-Pre& , Formerly of Parke &Lacy Co. Harron, i$|*.- McCONE, 2nd Vice ■ Pres. o¥|JFjrtton Engine Works, jt^tteetea'j and Fulton Foundry. Virginia (pfcyC'-y W C l#VR tt MM f dD N E 21 w FremoMfSt, San Pranpsco. Machinery Merchants. We are at the same place and carryftrfc same,stock of Mine and Mill Machinery and Supplies H^wS^l ^s w^sjhandled by ii_§«3 v;'' PARKE &^ACY^OMPa|y, )^p And we have added thereto other lines. Particularly Electric Generators and Motors. £MWJl In writj£J_gv mention this paper. Hadfield'sf Patent Manganese fSteel. _n. Manganese Steel is made by Hadfield's Steel Foundry Ct/., Lt,$V Sheffield, udder the Hadfield System and Patents. i©faltt©l ~ ' ' in ;;Fms^wa\Bushes, Patent RemovabJe!>$rJell Tumblers, Improved Cakfc Steel, Tumblers. HJSteel Gearing for Dredgers. Built-up Dredger Buckets, coiwi >fe^jpS^sJGa st Steel Back Castin£#tted with Manganese Steel Bushev^w^ftolled Steel^j), with Back and End Plates all-rivetted firmly together. Mangane_fe%|el CrusherigPlates, Roll Shells, Shoe and Dies, §teel Castings and Forging_fj . . SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CAN^I^^^) Francis|T. Peacock, ME, |204 St. Jamesp., MONTREAL. WRITE FOR DREDGER CATALOGUE. Published by Tbe B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by the " Colonist," Victoria, Canada. ''■'.■ This Monthji" The 0r§ Deposits of the Similkameen." (ILLUSTRATED). iHE MTON ELECflCf|Ml§, Electrii^ Motors. Blowers. Motors. Fans. Dynamos. Electric Mining Apparatus. VICTORIA, B. C. X_I_MIIT_EID. _M Mectrical! Cons|pctio||| ; and Sup>li^^B^:. VANCOUVER, B. C. "Not an Experiment; In General Use Throughout the World." iLNew Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill Operated by ONE man will perform work of THREE men drilling witljb.bits and hammers. MA.DE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. Extensively used in United States. Testimonials show this drift hj^.in many instances reduced the cost of mining by one half. Easier to operate than to drill by bit and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY MONTH. * Write for catalogue and testimonials. 0t- D- CRIPPEN, 52 Broadway, NEW YORK. SOLE __\_C_A_-_SrXT_ET_A.^|TXTKER. THE COPPER KING.pMjfED. M THE PACIFIC (f AST SMELTING & REFINING WORKS, Purchasers, Samplers and ^melters of Gold, Sil#r and Copper Ores, and Furnace Products. WORKS: Seal Bluff Landing, Cal. MINES ^Fresno County, CaL IBICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basijtfon Ho"se,Wto 11 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. PRICE, 20 CENTS. -W-k_i- mm tikmk ftflF YOU ARE BUILDING A HOUSED to ff Hijf We Carry in Stock the Largest Assortment \|/ »IV # in Canada of ijlV li/ MAMTCI C IN OAK, MAPLE, CHERRY, BIRCH, •i. IVIMIX I E.UO WHITE AND TILE. to It FIRE PLACE URATES 21 to in any Finish or style. \* Til IMP FoR FLOORS, HEARTHS, Uf I IL-iH^IV_l BATHROOMS, AC, 4.C. \kf W Brass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass W w Coal Scuttles, &c. Iff to PARQUETTE FLOORING. W House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. il 1 11 ff!(! LO U , II1U luu WHOLESALE HARDWARE, ^J. VANCOUVER, B. C. DAWSON, Y. T. W> ^p'«& __!:&;___: Si: ___:£__;___;_£: __L^^A-S-2^__^^' THE (1 fe Corliss li lines ^t*_ti^ With our Improved ^dvep* nor and Safety Device, newig pattern gab rod and hool&f|g »L and other speqaK-features of If our design of this tyj^o|jj|8 ^?©i_* 7^-sB eine, -jSfll commend£^ente|| selves to those requiring".^ 'wf Durability, Economy and Ease of Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Steam-p^f.wer Plants designed, bljijfS and installed for operation. Our'figures are at yoiSS service, and we think you. will find them reasonable. Send for catalogues of anything in the mining ma- ,• chinery line. Free on request. THE JENCKES MACHINE CO. SHERBROOKE, QUE. Rossland, Greenwood, B.C, Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. FRIED KRWP QRUSONWERK Madgeburg-Buckau (Germany.) MINING MACHINERY ORE CRUSHINgj^ Stone Breakers of especially strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rlo's Gold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c. SEPARATION fP CONCENTRATION: Separators, Exhaustors, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, diggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT. (a) For Treating by.thelWet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation ajid Concentration. ,.'{%,For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. COAL WASrjING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. HGENTS- For CANADA-^las. W. Pyhe & Co., 35 St. Francois Xauier Street, Montreal. For the UNlT$D STATES—Thos. Prosser & Son, 15 Gold Street, New York. For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico. For SOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S.A.R. THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) ji|SS§|§=§j {^_S_T>^_sar>u SAW-MILL MACHINERY. 1 1 MINING Jj 1 AJID MILLING IVIAGHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. S^A-IN" PRANCISOO Q AT. The Only Dredging Chain with Grit-Proof lEI Articulations Elevator Dredges for Placer Mining. Link-Belt IVjachiaery Co., Chicago, u. s. a. ROBINS Belt Conveyors For Ore Handling In every stage, have many advantages which are described and fully illustrated in our new catalogue. Robins Conveying Belt Co., 18-21 Park Row, New York. 1 THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Bruntons Patent Pocket Transit FOR SURFACE OR UNDERGROUND SURVEYS. The accompanying illustration shows an operator taking vertical angles with the BRUJJTON PATENT POCKET TRANSIT It is the most accurate and reliable pocket instrument made for preliminary surveys of every description. Case of aluminum 2& by 2^ by I inches ; weight 8 ounces. Nearly l,ooo in use by prominent mining engineers, mine managers, civil engineers and geologists everywhere. 2 WM. AlflSWORTH & SONS,Sole Manufacturers Denver, Colo., U.S.A. SEND FOR CATALOGUE B-4 FOR FULL PARTICULARS. j -FOR SALE BY- B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., Vancouver, B.C. C. M. Fassett, Spokane, Wash. W. F. Teetzel & Co., Nelson, B.C. F. W. Braun & Co., Los Angeles, Cal. John Taylor & Co., San Francisco, Cal. The B. G. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., -DIRECT IMPORTERS OF— ^ LIMIT /.SS/ttERS' £K HILL SUPPLIED -Limited, Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, &c.; W. Ainsworth & Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices. Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. HEARN & HARRISON, (Established 1857.) Manufacturers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., Montreal, Canada. THE DENVER FIIJE CLAY COMPANY m _u o z E -J « < § CQ 8 fc < 0, 3 o s £ CO z <J 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA STREET, DENVER, COLORADO. Established 1851." Incorporated 1895. 'jl&V ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, nine and J1S111 Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Cnenufcals, Chemical Glassware. Prospectors'Outfits. Special Agents for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England. Largest Stock off-Balances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc. Baker & Adamsons' Acids. Platinum=ware, Etc. Borax, Bomeash, Cyanide Potassium, Manganese and other heavy Chemicals at Manufacturers' Prices. Headquarter* or Mining and Scientific Books. Pacific Coast Agents fcr Wm. Aim votth - Sons' Assay and Analytical Balances Illustrated Catalogue on Application JOHN TAYLOR & CO., |\ 63 First St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. AIeschen &Sons Rope Go. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF • PATE NT FLATTENED STRAN D Bill 4§W^<^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 pp • TOUGH ^^^^i^^^^l^^ SAFE STIWNG^|^g5fSfSSBi3Sl DURABLE TRADE MARK REGfSTE R E dT-7 - WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ffi%@&&'t ,s*S»-iia-Bi^W'^^ **' •i?«r\NCT*iOFFICtS: 98 Centre Street, • New York, N. T. 187 East Lake Street, - Chicago, III. 85 Fremont Street, San Francisco, Cal* &jiW£j|£$i^' jfl|l ^^^l^^^^^^^ffl^ft^P^^^^ Geo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF :do~w" ipttimiip OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY. MINING PUMPS. Pumping Machinery of every WATER-WORKS PUMPS. possible Description. SEIST-D lETO--. 0__-.T-A.I-0<3-XT____ POWER PUMPS. ' J EFFRE*iIlp#. ELEVyVTINGMAGHTNiRI FOR MiUs,^Tbi|!i^^%IS;;^Sii^^ ] Designed for Hind I i ng'Ma^erJa^Tc'alV.kiiyil.sVij : '•"'■: J^'Srife- ;StNOrFOR «^K_OKbSV?^!?-Ssfo%v_ : THE JEFFREY MF(J;C^|ppi^yai; ___ Bullock Diamond Drills Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - A Gold Medal. M. C. BULLOCK MFG. CO., CHICAGO. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Vancouver Engineering! Works, Ltd., ENGINEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, etc. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, VANCOUVER, B. C. The Hallidie Ropeway N^ojy wlley FOB TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH, SUCAR CANE, ETC , BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical, <Jh Loads Mechanically, Dumps Durable. Automatically. WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CARLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. MSST" Estimates furnished. ^Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. STEEL FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. G CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal. Canton Steel Co. Works : CANTON, OHIO. DENVER, For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequalled for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL. Wire Ltd. MONTREHL, CHNHDH. MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. "Lang's'' Patent Wire Ropes for Colliery and General Mining Purposes. Rossl^Tc:_HaHfaX' N-S-; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. I Heavy Duty, First Motion CORLISS HOISTING MACHINERY. Plants of the type illustrated herewith have recently "been placed on the following well-known Cripple Creek properties: A J AX, ELKTON, GOLD COIN, PORTLAND, STRONG, STRATTON'S INDEPENDENCE and VINDICATOR. Hendrie & Bolthoff MTg and Supply Co'y, Denver, colo., u s. a. the mining record. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. me SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steatn, Power arid Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water-wheels, Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address The STILWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., Leh2m9as s, DAYTON, ohio, u.s.a. New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET. PLATINUM REFINERS BAKER St CO. WE are'always in the market for j : : CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. NEWARK, N. J. Joshua Hendy Machine Works fJns. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, Sr\N FRANCISCO, GAL. -MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN- Hydraulic and Quartz IVjining and IVjilling Machinery, -COMPRISING- HYDRAULIC GIANTS, WATER GATES, SHEET IRON and STEEL PIPE, STAMP MILLS, ORE CRUSHERS, ORE FEEDERS, CONCENTRATORS, SMELTERS, HOISTING and PUMPING PLANTS, SAW MILLS, MINE and MILL SUPPLIES, &C, dC. HOISTING ENGINE. Catalogues and Prices Furnished upon application. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. mm y^5_^^ (iisroo_e-_=30-=i-__a?Ti!_D isbij Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc. *.*• | •*• 9> BRANCH OFFICE : iZICTORIK HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES : VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD. WORKS : NHNKIMO. GOODYEAR, RUBBER CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Be/ting, Packing and Hose. CRACK PROOF" AND SNAG PROOF." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING. <®-~©IIIH9—-® 573, 575, 577 & 579 Market St., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. "W 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECOED. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. WMM^^ 0)0(0; 0)0(0 0)0(0 Q>ora 0)0(0 0)0(0 pjofc fiOQ ff)o(p Canadian (General Electric Co., Ximiteb. CAPITAL $1,500,000 Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N. S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC HINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Tans, Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Tiftg Miles -BY OUR- C. G. E. =and= o. K. U. Three Phase, Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers in Canada for Them. Write Us. Two Phase, Transmission Sustems. I ROSSLAND and VANCOUVER. THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers ■! •:■ of •> * The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. INGERSOLL-SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. \ Catalogue and Details on Application to J. R- A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. f^S We also manuiacture the NORTHEY GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is gaining favor all over Canada, where any one of these characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. Mine Superintendents and Engineers wil find it to their interest to refer to us when in need of anything in the Pump line. We manufacture Pumping Machinery of all types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. Cunliffe & tycNlillan, Agents at Rossland. Vancouver Engineering Works, Agents at Vancouver. *&*>_ 962 King st. subway i The Brackman & Ker milling Co., ltd.. 4 VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA. Manufacturers of the Celebrated 1 Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with the Best Quality of Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. 2 Victoria. a Vancouver Nelson. Rossland. New Westminster. Strathcona. _• _ \ B-ftiyj rolled \ _ -&r\.OATS. (Registered.) Unequalled in the World.. £ WESTERN MINES EXCHANGE DEALERS IN IVXHVTES AND !VIirJE_R_A-L CLAIMS, fl Excellent connections in financial circles in New York and London. Property owners- and locators are invited to communicate with us. Among properties not at present placed we have the following on offer: 5,040 acres of Excellent Coal Lands in the Nicola district. Copper Properties in the Boundary District, and a Free-milling Gold Property in the Lardeau District. Communications should be addressed to r_» \\r iirATrni mir ..im/. Office: "■ W. WATERLOW KING, Bank of Montreal Chambers, Manager, VICTORIA. B. C p, O. Box 645, VICTORIA, B. C The Mining Record. VOL. IX. APRIL, 1902, NO. 4. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining: Interests of The Pa clflc Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. nORTlHER LAHB, managing Editor. Viotoria, B. C, Office: Bank of Montreal Chambers. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E.C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Franoisoo: Dake's Agency. $2.00 2.50 SUBSCRIPTION TERriS: Canada and the United States, one year Great Britain and Foreign, one year Advertising Rates on Application. Address all communications to Thbs Managing Editor, B. 0. Reoobd, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C BOARDS OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY. THE MINERAL THE annual convention of the Associated Boards of Trade of Eastern British Columbia, a body fairly representative of business and mining- interests in the Kootenays and Yale, was held recently in Kaslo. The convention debated a number of very important matters affecting" the mining industry of the Province, and among others, the following resolutions were introduced and passed. (1). That the Associated Boards of Trade of Eastern British Columbia do petition the Provincial government that legislation be enacted providing for the creation of local road boards, to be elected in the same manner as rural school boards and possessed of administrative powers only, to which, shall be entrusted the administration ofall funds appropriated by the legislature for roads, trails and bridges in the particular districts for which such boards shall have been created. To this resolution the following was added in amendment: That the local board of commissioners should have power to allow claim owners to perform on roads and trails under their supervision, and that claim owners should have the right to record work so performed as assessment work upon their claims to an amount not to exceed $200 for any one claim. (2). That whereas, Canada is becoming a large producer of pig lead, and its product is being sold to a very limited extent in Canada, while the bulk of it is being disposed of in China, Japan, Germany and other foreign countries, and whereas, Eastern Canada is to-day importing from Germany practically all of the white lead it consumes : Be it resolved, that the Dominion government be again requested to so increase its duties as to make the manufacture of white lead and other manufac tured lead possible in Canada, and so allow the producer of pig lead in Canada, an additional market in his own country for his product, and that a committee be appointed to go to Ottawa lo place this resolution before the house. (3). That whereas, the Dominion government has issued a bounty for the production of pig lead in Canada, amounting to $100,000 per annum at the rate of $5 the first year, $4 the second, $3 the third, $2 the fourth and $1 the fifth, and whereas, there is not being produced at the present time sufficient lead bullion to enable a refinery to earn the full amount of the bounty ; and whereas, a refinery for the production of pig lead is at present under construction ; therefore, be it resolved, that the Dominion government be asked to so modify this bounty for the first year so that the full amount thereof amounting to $100,- 000 be disbursed, providing 15,000 tons of pig lead be produced during the first year, and should there be less thad 15,000 tons produced during such year, then the rate allowed during the first year shall be $7 per ton instead of $5 as at present provided; furthermore, that the bounty for each of the succeeding years shall be at the rate of $5 a ton, but such bounty shall not excceed $100,000 per annum as at present. (4). That whereas, the welfare of a large portion of Southern British Columbia depends upon the extensive development of large bodies of low-grade ores, and whereas, the treatment 01 such ore to be' done successfully must be done economically ; and whereas, the cost of fuel represents a large percentage of the tolal cost of treatment ; and whereas, the present cost of fuel appears excessive and should, if possible, be reduced ; and whereas, we believe that such a reduction in the cost of fuel could be best brought about by the opening of competitive coal fields ; and whereas, the only available coking coal fields not already occupied by the Crow's Nest Coal Company are those situated on the south side of Morrisey creek ; and whereas, the Dominion government has the statutory right to select 50,000 acres of these coal lands ; therefore be it resolved, that the Associated Boards of Trade of Eastern British Columbia, in convention assembled, hereby urge upon the Dominion government the necessity of at once making its selection of those lands and leasing them with such safeguards as will absolutely preclude now and in the future, the possibility of their amalgamation with, or control by the Crow's Nest Coal Company cr any allied corporation, and that the maximum price to be charged for coke be $3.50 per ton, f. o. b., and the maximum price lor three-quartered inch screened coal be $1.75 per ton f. 0. b. (5). That whereas, there is now imposed by the government of British Columbia a tax of two per cent, on the gross value of all ores after deducting the charges paid for transportation and smelting. Whereas, the prosperity and growth of the mining industry of this Province largely depends upon the possibility of profitably working the low-grade ore deposits of tne country ; and whereas, the incidence of the tax as at present levied is considered to be unjust, bearing unequally upon mines having different conditions as to value of ore and cost of production, and taxing all the labour and supplies expended in ore production. Whereas, it is believed that a considerable portion of the revenue which it may be deemed equitable to levy upon the mining industry could be levied : First, from the tax already legally collectible upon. the Crown Granted claims upon which less than work to the value of $200 annually is done if such tax were systematically and promptly collected, or in default thereof, if the said Crown Granted mineral claims were to be sold by the government to the highest bidder ; and second, by changing the conditions in regard to such Crown Granted claims so that work to the value of $400 annually should be required, or failing, that a tax of 50 cents per acre be imposed ; and third, by requiring that instead of work to the value of $100 being the annual assessment conditions on non Crown Granted claims, work to the value of $80 be accepted with an increase of the fee for recording assessment work to $12.50 with no increase in the number of assessments before the issuance of Crown Grants, and by these means the development of the resources of the country be stimulated ; Be it resolved, that the government be asked to look to the means herein suggested for a portion of the revenue from the mining industry and to reduce by so much' the amount to be derived from the tax on mineral produced and to change the incidence of the tax by deducting from the taxable value of the ore the cost of mining exclusive of capital, expenditure and head-office expenses, such deduction to be subject to the jurisdiction of such official as the government may designate. We propose to briefly discuss the subjects of these resolutions in the order named. The suggestion that 1 112 THE MINING RECORD. municipalities and rural districts should be in a position to control the monies voted by the legislature for the construction and maintenance of public highways within their boundaries by the appointment of local administrative boards, has much to recommend it, especially in view of the abuses attaching to the present system. It is not too much to say that the greater proportion of the money appropriated by the government for roads and trails in the mining districts, is now wasted as a consequence of ill-directed effort and for the want of proper supervision. Whether, however, the remedy suggested would meet the difficulty is another matter. If, as in the case of school trustees, road commissioners were expected to give gratuitous service, it is questionable whether properly qualified men could be found willing to assume the heavy responsibilities of the position, or able to devote the time and constant attention necessary to the performance of duties such as ■would be required to render the service really efficient from commissioners in a large district. Mining development in many parts of British Columbia is largely dependent upon the opening up of territory by good roads and trails, and the fact that during the past six months over half a million has been expended by the government in public works of this character, indicates that the importance of such requirements is fully recognised. But while expenditure in this direction is, under existing circumstances, sufficiently generous, there can be no doubt but that it could be made to go a great deal further under a better system of distribution and supervision. This the Associated Boards of Trade realise, but their suggested remedy, as we have already shown, would be only doubtfully effectual. The appointment of Boards of Commissioners, however, is undoubtedly a wise proposal, but officials thus appointed, whether receiving- their commission direct from the government or by election from the constituencies they serve, should assuredly be liberally paid for their services, and their entire time should be devoted to the execution of their duties. By the appointment of efficient men, under a civil engineering specialist as chief commissioner for the Province, a large initial economy would be effected, for road building would then be conducted on scientific principles, and both the original costs of construction and subsequent costs of maintenance would be very much less than now. If municipal control is considered, the only really feasible scheme on these lines is the adoption of the British plan of apportioning the country into counties, and the introduction of methods of county council administration. This would necessitate legislation to constitute these councils, and to give them the power to levy taxes within limits in the county over which they had control. The suggestion contained in the amendment to the same resolution is also an excellent one. In new districts it is of the utmost importance that every possible assistance and inducement should be afforded to the prospector, and many men of this class would no doubt take advantage of the opportunity of employment in the building of roads or trails, which would add to the value of their own locations by rendering them easily accessible, as an alternative to the ordinary assessment work ; though," of course, some provision is already made bylaw in this respect. Here, too, however, there is need for regulation and system. A prospector or claim owner should only be permitted to accept the alternative proposed, on the understanding that he is for the time being an employee of the government, under the commissioner for the district, equally liable to dismissal on sufficient grounds as any other workman so employed. In the case of such dismissal the prospector should be paid in cash for the time he has been employed, at the ordinary rate of wage paid for unskilled manual labour; but otherwise he should receive credit for his work to the extent of the two hundred dollars mentioned at the rate of three-and- a-half dollars, or the wages paid to skilled miners by the day. The subject of the third resolution, to which we direct attention, has, on previous occasions, received consideration in the columns of the Mining Record. The question of securing a favourable market for our pig lead is of paramount importance at this juncture. The establishment of a small refinery at Trail is a first effort in the scheme of localising an industry, which reasonably fostered and aided gives every promise of large expansion, and if, without placing an unduly heavy burden on the consumer, sufficient encouragement can be given by increasing the duties, to admit of the manufacture of white lead and other manufactured forms of lead in Canada from the product of Canadian mines, lead miners in British Columbia would be assured of a good market for at least one half of their present output, and the exceptionally high price thus realised would offset in a very large measure the excessive charges necessarily ruling in the exportation of pig lead to so distant a market as London. The request to be made to the Federal government to modify the terms upon which the subsidy on lead locally refined maybe earned, is also not unreasonable in some respects, but surely with the ordinary profits on the process and with some added advantage in the matter of freights the refiner in British Columbia should rest satisfied with a subsidy of five dollars a ton, and not demand an additional premium of two dollars if his output falls below the moderate tonnage specially mentioned in the resolution. In last month's issue we gave our views on the fuel supply question, but the recommendation made by the Associated Boards of Trade is one, the fairness of which it will be difficult for either the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company or the Canadian Pacific Railway Company to combat. If the present prices of coal and coke are as low as they well can be, the Crow's Nest Company need not fear competition by advantage being taken of the government's offer to lease coal lands in the same neighbourhood, with the suggested conditions as to the maximum prices to be charged consumers of coal and coke produced from such leased lands. If, on the other hand, coal and coke can be profitably supplied at the proposed THE MINING RECORD. 113 prices, then it is to the interest of the country that the Crow's Nest Company should no longer be allowed to retain a monopoly. From the point of view of the Canadian Pacific Railway, if the statements which have been made in support of this company's contention are correct, namely, that coal can be mined at Fernie, at $1.25 per ton, and coke manufactured at $3.25 on a liberal margin of profit, the railway corporation itself cannot feel aggrieved at being tied down to supplying coal at $1.75 and coke at $3.50, or the maximum prices specifically mentioned in the resolution. The last resolution of those having reference to mining, and passed at the convention, deals with the incidence of the tax on metalliferous mines, and suesfests a remedy which would have the effect of largely relieving corporations and individual mine operators of taxation at the expense of the prospector and less well-to-do claim owner. This proposal has since been repudiated by the Nelson Board of Trade. Nevertheless the incidence of the existing tax is admittedly unfair and inequitable. The relation between ore values and tonnage accommodates itself by a series of gradations to a general principle, that as the value of ore decreases, profitable operation depends on a constant increase of tonnage produced. In a previous issue of the Mining Record the action of this principle was illustrated, and it is hardly necessary to again elaborate upon the subject, except to say that the inequality of the impost lies in the circumstance that part of the fixed cost per ton of ore is not exempted from taxation, and therefore low- grade mines where the tonnage produced is large, are taxed at a proportionately higher rate than high grade mines whose yield is of equal value but of far less bulk. The recommendations of the Associated Boards of Trade, it is true, suggests the removal of the ' inconsistencies as indicated, and it is earnestly to be desired that the government .will recognise the justice of the contention here put forward. While it is worse than undesirable to place any restrictions on prospecting, the present system of taxing claims might perhaps be so changed as to so give increased benefit to the Province without deterring legitimate prospectors from following their calling. Before a Crown Granted title can be obtained to a mineral location, the locator is required to pay in fees to the government a sum aggregating fifteen dollars, distributed over a period of generally five years; that is to say, a recording fee of two dollars and fifty cents is first charged and in addition, five other payments of equal amount are required for the rendering of annual assessments. It would doubtless be a wise innovation to require a preliminary fee of (say) ten dollars, charging subsequently one dollar for each assessment recorded. By this plan revenue from this source would probably be greater, while the system would tend to discourage and prevent the indiscriminate location of property and the tying up of large areas by men, who might be more fittingly described as speculative | land grabbers " rather than legitimate prospectors. The regulations governing the holding of mineral ground after Crown Grant has been obtained might also be advantageously amended. The present tax on unworked Crown Granted property is absurdly inadequate, and the impost of twenty-five cents per acre should be increased to at least a dollar per acre ; but instead of requiring the owner of such a claim to do the equivalent of two hundred dollars in work upon it to earn exemption from taxation, the ordinary assessment requirements might be substituted, and a merely nominal fee of twenty-five cents imposed for registration. The owners of Crown Granted claims are divisible into two classes; (1) speculators or investors, including syndicates and corporations, who have acquired property by purchase, and (2) the original locators and discoverers of the ground. It is in the interests of the country that those coming under the first-named classification should not be allowed to retard the development of our natural resources by holding unimproved property indefinitely for speculative purposes, without being heavily taxed for the privilege ; while on the other hand prospectors would in the great majority of cases prefer to devote a month's time, which is practically the equivalent of a hundred dollars in cash, to the further development of their property, rather than pay fifty dollars in cash into the Provincial treasury. The tax as it now stands is futile as a source of revenue, and the amount is so insignificant that the alternative proposal is nullified in its most valuable feature. THE NEW MINISTER OF MINES. EVERY cloud has a silver lining and in that resembles most of the hills of Slocan, and we cannot help thinking that dark as the political cloud has been which has hung so long over British Columbia, that, too, has a bright side for the mining industry. We, as a journal, know nothing of politics except that they seem sometimes to be the curse of Canada, and the especial curse of her most western province. Trade has no sentiment, the mining industry has no politics. What the mining industry wants, however, is peace and a settled government ; an assured quiet and a man to administer its affairs who knows something about mining, for the rest it can take care of itself. We cannot believe that the recent utterance of a distinguished member of the local opposition to the effect that a government not composed of lawyers is a government of fools, can possibly be defended. In our simplicity we should prefer to see the different departments administered by men specially trained in those matters with which they are supposed to deal, a banker or successful business man, if you like, for Finance Minister ; a lawyer for Attorney-General ; a farmer or land owner for Lands and Works ; but above all a mining man for Minister of Mines. And this last it appears we have, at last, secured. Too often we elect a man because he is a jolly good fellow. We have heard it whispered that the new minister is that. If so, it will do him no harm. Did we elect him because he is conservative or liberal. We cannot find an 114 THE MINING RECORD. explanation of these words in our dictionary of mining terms, so we pass them by as having no significance for us. Very seldom we elect a man and give him a portfolio because he knows something of the work which we expect him to do. This is what we have done at last either out of intent or pure good luck, and as a mining journal we are inclined to rejoice. The new Minister of Mines, Col. the Hon. E. G. Prior, privy councillor, late member in the Dominiou house for the City of Victoria, and some time Controller of Inland Revenue, is a many-sided man, but he is essentially an authority on mining. In his youth he was articled to one of the foremost British mining engineers of that day, M«\ J. Tolson White, of Wakefield, who, as agent for the Duke of Leeds and other notable mine owners, had no less than sixty-two large collieries under his supervision. Beginning at the bottom of the ladder and working as an ordinary miner in the Barnsley & Normanton pits, Col. Prior gradually acquired the thoroughly practical knowledge of mining which won him in competition with forty other applicants his first im- p o r t a n t appointment, that of assistant manager and engineer with the Vancouver Coal Company, under Mr. John Bryden, and five years later that of Inspector of Mines for the Province. For two years, 1886 to 1888, he sat as a private member in the local legislature of British Columbia. This should have given him some insight into the workings of that particular body of which he is now a leader. Since then he has represented Victoria in the House of Commons and as a member of that body, as a prominent militia man, acting as A. D. C. to the Governor-General and more than once representative of the militia of Canada in the old country, he should have gained a wide experience of men and rubbed shoulders with many who might possibly be eminently useful in developing the resources of British Columbia. As a speaker Col. Prior takes no mean rank in the Dominion house, long experience Having given him an ease of manner denied to most men, and Nature a voice which is not only ab normally powerful but exceedingly mellow as well. During the whole of his career in the House of Commons Col. Prior has been a staunch Conservative, and yet if anyone had a fault to find with him it was that he was too much of a persona grata to his political enemies. No one on the Conservative side seemed to be on as friendly terms with the leaders of the government at the time, (say), of the Yukon scandals as the member for Victoria. After making a telling speech against the government as he did, for instance, upon the importation of cheap Galician and Doukhobour labour, he would swagger over into the enemies camp and all would apparently be peace and good will between the attackee and the attacked. As a matter of fact he is not fool enough to treat political opponents as personal enemies. Whilst he has the gloves on he hits hard. When he takes them off h e shakes hands. Men argue sometimes that we should have a Liberal in power when Liberals are in power at Ottawa. We have not got that, but we have got the Conservative who was most popular personally with the individual members of the government party. This should be some advaatage to us. We have said much so far and yet the point is to come. In his record you will find Col. Prior is a mining and civil engineer by profession, and that as such he came to this country, and was for years employed as mining engineer by the Vancouver Coal Mining Company, not the Dunsmuir Company, as is so frequently alleged, and his character is summed up by the public press of his adopted country in one short sentence oi the "Star"—" a good business man." The miners of Nanaimo love the man because he worked with them in his shirt sleeves, as practical a man as themselves, and because after he had left the company's service, when a ghastly accident had occurred in the mine, Col. Prior came at the miners' first call and led a forlorn hope underground at imminent risk to himself, to rescue the men who were still below. Whilst the people probably returned him lately in great mea- Lt.-Coi... Thb Hon. E. G. Prior, Minister of Mines THE MINING 'RECORD. 115 sure because they believe that he is a straight man, and they see that he fights his fights fairly and only laughs when you hit him, but we, as men interested only in the great industry of this country, can afford to ignore his politics, forget his military record, overlook his genial goodfellowship and yet rejoice in his appointment to the portfolio of mines, because he is a man of wide political experience ; well known in centres from which the money necessary for our development is most likely to come ; well liked by those in power at Ottawa ; a man with large interests in this Province, not centred in Victoria but spread over the whole Province, and above all because he is a professional and practical mining man and " a good business man." Outside Victoria, where naturally some heat still lingers after the recent contest, it seems to us that most men would condone many offences, if thev be offences, of the present government and try to think well even of politicians as a whole, if they would only stop their endless squabbles, give the country rest and let the new Minister of Mines do something to promote the interests of that industry upon which the prosperity of the whole Province depends. If they won't do that we might as well throw up the sponge. It is useless for mining men to develop and advertise the country, if the politicians who produce nothing insist on damming it. O' BOUNDARY ORES AND THE PRICE OF COPPER. ,UR Boundary District correspondent, Mr. E. Jacobs, writes us as follows : An article which appeared in the January issue of the B. C. Mining Exchange and Investors Guide (which, by the way, did not come under my notice in time for me to call attention to it in your February issue), contains an absurd assumption relative to the value of " our low grade Boundary ores," to which it may be well to take objection as misleading and harmful. The paragraph referred to read thus : "Asa matter of business economy, we will take our low grade Boundary ores, treated by the smelters there. Assuming they put through 500 tons per diem of 3 per cent, ore, which would be 15 tons of copper, and supposing by way of illustration, copper to be at ten cents per pound, the gross returns would be $3,000. Deduct say two-thirds for working expenses, refining, etc., or roughly, seven cents per pound, leaves a net margin of $1,000 per diem." Now it is the publication and reiteration of just such rubbish as this that adds .to the difficulties of the district mining and smelting companies in their endeavours to secure lower rates for fuel and freight and a remission of the taxes that burden so heavily these low grade mines. Of course "comparisons are odious " in such a case as this, but in contrast to the ignorant vapourings of such mis-named "Guides" as that under notice, let me quote from a recent number of the New York Engineering and Mining Journal, which in the course of some editorial comment on this district, said : "The copper ores throughout the district yield on an average about one-third per cent, of copper, and the decline in price of that metal meant at least $1.50 per ton. The margin at best is small and this decline was a serious blow." The difference between the two statements is simply that the former is the utterance of (in this connection) an ignoramus ; the latter of a writer who does know something of the subject he is dealing with. Between the stuff the Canadian Mining Review has published relative to values of the Boundary ores and the equally unreliable nonsense in the opposite direction of the B. C. Mining Exchange, this district has nothing to choose, since both tend to do it more harm than good. Is American enterprise to repeat in the Boundary its profitable experiences in the Rossland district, where it opened up the leading mines and afterwards sold them for big prices to British companies ? The Granby Company, certainly, is an eastern Canadian organization, but much of its stock is owned in the States. The British Columbia Copper Company is a New York company, with very little, if any, of its stock held in Canada, the capital for the development of the Mother Lode mine and its equipment with the biggest power plant in the district and for the building and equipment of the smelter at Greenwood having come from New York. The Montreal and Boston Copper Company, which lately purchased the smelter erected near Boundary Falls, has been placing much of its stock in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other United States cities. The Morrison company is controlled in Spokane. Turning to recent sales of undeveloped properties, the Ruby was acquired by capitalists from Detroit, Michigan, and now the Arlington-Burns group has been sold to men from Duluth, Minnesota. True, there are as well several British-owned companies operating in the Boundary, but American owners are by no means the least enterprising and stfccessful in the district. The Granby Company now has four blast furnaces in running order at its smelter at Grand Forks, and the B. C. Copper Company two at its Greenwood smelter. Allowing a daily average tonnage of 350 tons for each furnace at the first-named smelter and of 400 torts at the latter, this would give a daily treatment capacity of 2,200 tons. But both the averages named are lower than those reached by the furnaces running during recent months, so that, should it be found practicable, as it is expected it will be, to operate all of these furnaces, the total here given above will likely be less than the actual tonnage that will be treated. Then it is claimed that the Montreal and Boston Copper Company's smelter at Boundary Falls will be in operation this month, so that with the addition of say 300 tons more at those works, which figures will also prove to be too low, the Boundary should shortly be reducing at least 2,500 tons of its own ores per diem. This will give a monthly total of 75,000 to 80,000 tons. There is good reason to conclude that this anticipated result will be reached, which means that the output of ore mined 116 THE MINING RECORD. and treated in the Boundary district will, during 1902, aggregate not less than 800,000 tons, whilst it is not unreasonable, should no contingency unforseen arise to check progress at the present rate, to estimate that the total may reach the 1,000,000 tons mark. With such figures, which no one familiar with the situation in the Boundary is likely to successfully challenge, to suggest the increasing development of the mineral resources of the Province—and it must be kept in mind that these relate to only three of the numerous Boundary mining properties, and leave altogether out of consideration the Snowshoe, Brooklyn and Stemwinder group, and half a dozen other properties in the district that can easily be made to appreciably increase the total output—why should we heed the croakings of the pessimist ? And if one comparatively small section of the mineral bearing area of the Province is developing so rapidly and extensively, what is there to prevent a dozen other sections of it from adding proportionately to the value of our mineral output should similar confidence induce capital to exhibit a corresponding spirit of enterprise? company of an encouraging nature to its shareholders. But this recent discovery must have relieved their doubts and improved their prospects very materially. IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES OF ORE AT ROSSLAND. THE recent discovery of a large body of high-grade ore on the Le Roi No. 2, west of what is known as the big fault, must be very encouraging to all those who are interested in the progress and prosperity of the Rossland district. The Le Roi No. 2 covers the Josie, No. 1 and West Le Roi and Josie. It has been mainly dependent on an ore chute of which the outcrop is on the No. 1 ground and which is presumably an extension of the War Eagle vein. Although numerous bunches and deposits of ore belonging apparently to the Le Roi vein system, have been found and worked on the Le Roi No. 2 ground, there have been no developments there at all comparable to those which have made the Le Roi itself and the Centre Star such famous mines, until this discovery made recently. Those familiar with the topography of Red mountain, know that west of the Le Roi boundary line, the mountain sinks rapidly in the direction of the hog back between Trail and Sheep creeks, and that there is a sufficient surface disturbance to render prospecting for the extension of the Le Roi vein system an impossibility upon the surface and a work of difficulty at depth. That difficulty appears to have been overcome and ore in a large solid body definitely located. This means a great extension of the productive area of the Rossland camp and leads to the reasonable expectation that the ore zone has a horizontal expansion much greater than that foreshadowed by mere surface indications. The experience through which Rossland is passing at the present time has been common to most other great mining camps. Those which have begun with a large number of high- grade surface croppings have not been always those of the widest eventually productive area. There was not much said at the annual meeting of the Le Roi No. 2 ECONOMIC MINING IN BOUNDARY DISTRICT. THE paper entitled "A Method of Mining Low- grade Ores in the Boundary Creek District, of British Columbia," prepared by Mr. Frederic Keffer, M. E., of Anaconda, B. C, and read at the recent annual meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute, serves as an effective reminder that the two mining and smelting companies that are operating on a comparatively large scale in the Boundary district, are doing the mining industry valuable service in demonstrating that the low-grade ores prevalent in that district can be mined and their values extracted at a cost leaving a margin of profit, albeit that profit with copper at its present price can only be a small one. When Mr. Keffer, who is general manager for the British Columbia Copper Co., owning the Mother Lode mine in Deadwood camp, and the smelter at Greenwood, commenced in 1896 to open up the Mother Lode there was not on that claim a prospect shaft 25 feet in depth nor a tunnel of that length. Now the extent of work done in underground development of that mine aggregates about 6,000 lineal feet, besides which a quarry has been opened from which, to date, between 60,000 and 70,000 tons of ore have been taken out, this being supplementary to the output from the extensive underground stopes of the mine. . Mr. Keffer's Boundary experience, therefore, extending as it has done over nearly half a dozen years and embracing the transformation under his management of a mere prospect into a mine, which last year sent to the smelter about 100,000 tons of ore and which, by the time this comment shall be published, will be maintaining a daily average output of at least 800 tons, is both fairly lengthy and eminently practical ; consequently his conclusions carry much more weight than they would do were they based simply on theoretical deductions. Mr. Keffer describes the methods of mining that experience has proved to be best adapted to the economical working of the Mother Lode mine, and states the reasons that led to their adoption. The I pillar and stope " system that was eventually adopted in the mine can only be followed to advantage where, as here, the ore bodies are large. Its use in this instance is, however, an object lesson that will doubtless prove instructive to some of the numerous visitors to the mine, and what is of more importance to the district generally, and to the owning company particularly, be an important factor in solving the question of how best to profitably work the low-grade ores occurring there. In thus giving prominence to the work, the Mother Lode mine is doing, no invidious comparison is intended to be made with that of the Granby Company's mines in the same district, which are, as well, mining at a low cost, though their extensive underground op- THE MINING RECORD. 117 erations are conducted on a different system. It would be interesting to have a description of the methods Mr. Tyolen Williams has adopted in the Old Ironsides and Victoria mines, where he has opened very large stopes which, together with the big quarries of the adjoining Knob Hill mine, are now sending out a daily average of about 1,500 tons of ore to the Granby Company's smelter at Grand Forks. The results achieved by the smelters of both companies here mentioned are indeed remarkable, constituting, as it is claimed they do, a record in copper smelting not previously made anywhere in the world. THE COMPANIES' ACT. THE Companies' Act has been subjected to a certain amount of criticism of late, much of which is well deserved, although some of it is certainly due to a lack • of knowledge. That the Act is capable of improvement • must be readily admitted. The regulations, too, which are already provided are in many respects not sufficiently enforced. We have personal knowledge of the existence of a company which has: had no meeting of the board of directors for years, which has no officers save one, and which complies in no respect with the provisions of the Act. This is a condition of affairs which ought to be rendered impossible. The Provincial Act has, as a matter of fact, been adopted largely from the English Companies' Act, with certain alterations and additions having reference to local conditions. These differ especially in respect to mining and it is precisely as concerning mining companies that certain deficiencies in the Act have become apparent. This is, of course, the phase of the subject which especially interests us. In a recent issue of the Nelson Miner the question is discussed. While we agree in some respects with our contemporary's remarks, many of its suggestions are not practicable. Touching the protection of shareholders, the fault we have to find is not so much in the Act itself as in the fact that the provisions are not rigidly enforced. Shareholders have a right to certain information and regulations for the filing of this information are made. But it is notorious that at present a very small percentage of companies ever file the particulars as required by the Act. The shareholder may with little expense, obtain a summary 1 conviction against the directors for non-compliance with the Act and a fine is imposed upon the company; this is his present remedy. But conviction does not necessarily gain the information to which the shareholder is entitled. It should be possible to make additional and more stringent regulations in this connection. The late regretable occurrence at Van Anda has directed attention to the question of the protection of workmen in metalliferous mines. Employees are, of course, preferred creditors, and have large remedies under the Companies' Winding-Up Act, but the incident referred to indicates the need of some further legislation on behalf of employees. This legislation might take the form of giving the workmen a lien or preferred charge upon the ore on the dump, or upon the matte produced, in the case of mining companies working under a bond. Some suggestion has been made that directors should be rendered personally liable; but this, we submit, would be impracticable. That the miner or the merchant should give credit to a company financially unsound is doubtless very regretable, but to make certain officials, whose duty it was to conduct the negotiations for labour or the supply of goods, suffer, would be unreasonable. We are of the opinion, however, that more stringent regulations with regard to the liability of directors might be introduced into the Act with advantage. It has further been suggested that a distinction should be made between so-called "close corporations," the stock of which is not for sale, and joint stock companies whose shares are quoted on the stock market. But " close corporations" are as often as not incorporated with the intention of taking advantage of the limitation of individual liability conferred by the Act. Why then, if the benefits of the Act are received, should not all the provisions be complied with ? Even in close companies an endeavour is often made to " freeze out " one shareholder. It might not, however, be undesirable to make the regulations for mining companies more stringent than those for ordinary commercial enterprises. The object of the sections of the Act limiting the liability of shareholders in mining companies to the actual purchase price paid for shares, and to insure that no liability beyond the sum actually paid attaches to the purchase of the stock, and we cannot agree with the Miner that these are the work of a " clumsy amateur." Such a clause is decidedly beneficial. Nor can we agree that the filing of a list of shareholders is unnecessary. A clause has recently been incorporated into the English Act to the effect that shares shall not be alloted till a certain percentage of the capital stock of a company has been bona fide subscribed for. This is an eminently wise provision and its adoption in British Columbia would do much to remedy certain existing evils. We refer, primarily, to the leakage of funds which too often takes place to an alarming extent before the legitimate work for which the money is subscribed is even approached. These suggestions are merely tentatively made, and may or may not be of value. It is perhaps more important that the laws already enacted regulating company business should be rendered effective rather than that new regulations, however necessary, should be placed on the statute books and thereafter ignored. REPORTED TIN DISCOVERIES IN THE YUKON. IF the reports concerning the discovery of cassiterite or tin oxide in the Yukon prove, on further investigation, to be well founded, the circumstance may have a most important bearing on the industrial development and future of that region. It is stated that tin ore has been found over an extensive area, occurring n the form of dust and lumps of large size, on French fl 9 118 THE MINING RECORD. hill, in the vicinity of Hunker creek, but on the supposition that these finds are actual and important, it is in the highest degree probable that other localities within the present known alluvial field within a thirty mile radius of Dawson will also be found to be stanniferous. On the other hand it is well to remember, as a reason for accepting the report with caution that foundationless rumours of similar discoveries of tin by placer miners in the States have not been uncommon in the past. Should, however, tin in payable quantities be found in the Yukon, a very important industry may result therefrom. At the present time the price of the metal is high, and production of late years has considerably fallen off, while consumption is on the increase, and is bound to continue year by year, as commerce spreads, so long as prices do not rise above the point that would render the metal too expensive to be commercially utilised, and so long as no cheaper metal or alloy is found to take its ' place. The chief source of the world's tin supply is the Federated Malay States, but it is a significant fact that during the past seven years the productive area in that country has not been added to, notwithstanding that large and previously inaccessible tracts of land have been opened up by roads and railways. In Great Britain but twenty tin mines are now in operation, and in other important tin producing countries, such as the Dutch West Indies, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania, indications do not point towards an early considerable increase of output. The tin miner in the Yukon, however, would have many difficulties against which to contend. The high cost of labour, supplies and transport, the distance from markets and the intemperate climate would probably prevent him from working for five or six months in the year and would place him at a serious disadvantage in competing in the world's market. But most of these disabilities might and doubtless will disappear or be overcome in the course of time, for already conditions are very different from what they were even a year ago. B. C. IRON AND A POSSIBLE AUSTRALIAN MARKET. THERE is a saying to the effect that he who aims at the moon may hit the tree top. Without indulging in extravagant speculation, there is a practical way of considering possibilities which, by the exercise of a little determination and a great deal of refusal to be discouraged, may transform some at least of what " might be" into what " can be," and of what "can be" into what | is." The meeting of colonial premiers which is to take place in London this summer, should be frought with important results to British Columbia. The first and most obvious thing that the interests of the Province require is the establishing of relations with the Australian Commonwealth. In Australia there should be one of the best of our future markets and here, it has already been pointed out, the product of our iron mines would find a ready sale, since the imports of iron in all its forms were, as long ago as 1898, about $43,000,000. The best steel manufactured in the world at present is made from the magnetite ores of Sweden. In Sweden practically no coal deposits exist; in British Columbia not only are there excellent and extensive deposits of magnetite, but coal and fluxes are abundant. An English engineer has been investigating the possibilities of a steel shipbuilding industry for Canada and states that the Dominion, with its wonderful resources, will in future be able to beat the world in the manufacture of steel, and there are no economic reasons, why, in the future, iron should not be manufactured as cheaply on the British Pacific as on the Atlantic sea-board. American capitalists, as usual the first in the field, have been for sometime past developing the magnetite deposits on the West Coast of Vancouver Island and ore from this locality is shortly to be sent to Washington to be converted into pig iron. The operations of this syndicate consequently are, under existing circumstances, of little, if any, benefit to the country, more especially as the workmen employed are Chinese. The establishment .of blast furnaces in British Columbia at the present time is, however, rightly enough regarded as impracticable, as the local consumption of iron is quite insignificant, and with a limited production it would not be possible to produce iron cheaply enough to successfully compete even for the relatively small Puget Sound trade ; the bonus granted by the Dominion government on iron manufactured in Canada, hardly offsetting the duty imposed on manufactured iron entering the United States. There is, nevertheless, an undoubted future for British Columbia iron, but this future is entirely dependent on the development of markets and the building up of an ocean- carrying trade. The circumstances leading to the closing down of the Van Anda mines and smelter appear to be sufficiently disgraceful. It seems that the mine was acquired under bond from the trustees of the proprietory company by an American syndicate. This syndicate may or may not have entered into the arrangement in good faith, but at any rate in consideration of a small initial payment permission was granted them to operate the mines for a certain length of time on the understanding" that the second payment on the bond would fall due in March. The trustees of the Van Anda company, however, in entering into this arrangement seemingly neglected to ascertain the financial standing of the syndicate, or to take steps to guard against damage to the property. The syndicate, untrammelled by restrictions of any kind, commenced operations by stoping out all the available ore in the Cornell mine, which they very effectually " gutted." For a time, while this work was in progress, the employees at the mine and smelter received their pay, although not punctually ; but during the past two months no wages have been paid, and the miners becoming alarmed when the second payment on the bond was not met at maturity, seized the matte at the smelter in satisfaction of their claim. The proceeds from the sale of this matte, however, will not be sufficient to pay the men the full amount owing them, and it is doubtful whether the balance of the claim will be collectible. As a result, therefore, of dealing with these irresponsible persons, the trustees of the Van Anda company have now the satisfaction of knowing that the mines, which have been gutted of ore, are several thousands of dollars less valuable, and consequently less saleable, than before the arrangement with the syndicate was entered into, while they are also morally, if not legally, responsible for the loss suffered by the miners in the affair. The history of the Van Anda company is one continuous record of maladministration, and the sooner the mines, which are really valuable, pass into more capable hands the better for everyone concerned. THE MINING RECORD. 119 THE ORE DEPOSITS OF THE SIMILKAMEEN. By Chas. E. Oliver, (Camborne and South Wales School of Mines). THE Similkameen country is bounded on the north ' by the Trout creek and Nicola divides, on the south by the International boundary line, on the east by the ridge forming the divide between the Okanagan and Similkameen rivers, and on the west by the Hope mountains. . Early\History.—Considerable placer mining was carried on here in the later fifties, principally at Granite creek, and this branch of the industry is still being conducted by several hydraulic companies. It is interesting to note these gravels carried platinum which, relatively speaking, quite recently was discarded as "black sand" being afterwards gathered up by later and wiser fortune The Maurice Bros, made, in '99, an exceedingly rich strike on the east side of the Similkameen, opposite Shuswap creek. A bond was obtained last summer on these claims by an eastern syndicate whose manager, Mr. Bristol, has been operating all this winter. They have sacked and are now shipping their first batch. The ore is very rich gold, appearing at times in coarse grains in the quartz and carrying quite a heavy percentage of copper pyrites in some samples. (2). The arsenical-pyrite belt lies between* 15-mile creek and Stirling creek. This arsenical ore is usually high-grade specimens, running $2,000 and upward being not uncommon. The principal property on this belt is the Nickel Plate, which is being worked under the management of M. R. Rogers, and has had a force of 30 or 40 men employed for the last two years. A compressor was installed on this property last winter Hepley City Site. seekers. The first year that any real interest was taken in the ore deposits of this district was '97. In this year the Nickel Plate mine was staked and bonded and the Sunset, of Copper mountain, came into prominence. In the spring of '98 the country was overrun with prospectors and mining men, and since this period the work of improvement has been steadily progressing. Characteristic Ore Bodies and their Localities.—The mineral deposits of this district may be classified into four: (1) The free-milling properties ; (2) Arsenical pyrites having high values in gold; (3) Copper; (4) Coal. (1). The free-milling properties are chiefly situated on the Lower Similkameen. On the summit, at the head of 15-mile and Olalla creek, some quartz very rich in both silver and gold has been discovered on the Savage group, and on the group adjoining belonging to E. Bullock-Webster & Co. About 1,000 feet of drifting was done on this group last summer and operations will no doubt be resumed in the spring. and a dozen or more cabins erected for the married em ployees. Numerous tunnels have been driven on the property. Their main tunnel is in a distance of 400 feet and! raising has been in progress for the last few months. The richest ore is carefully guarded and the natural disposition on the part of the management to reticence forbids close observation as regards the nature of the deposit. Let it suffice to say they have a very high-grade body of ore, whether ledge or deposit. The claims adjoining this property have very promising showing but farther than 100 feet none of them have been explored, though deals are now in course of completion whereby some of them will be opened up shortly. On 16-mile creek, on the Two Brothers claim, a lead of high-grade arsenical pyrites has been worked for the last three seasons by the Scrapelli Bros. About 2,000 feet of drifting has been done on this claim. The lead is very well defined. On Stirling and Henry creeks 120 THE MINING RECORD, similar ore has been exposed, associated with quartz and lying conformably with the stratafication. These arsenical deposits lie in a lime formation and carry their gold, partly the major part, as free and partly associated. In some cases porphyry is intimately mixed with creek, at a distance of one mile from Hedley, and an altitude of 1,000 feet above it, is the Kingston mine which is under bond to F. M. Wills, of Republic, and is owned by P. Scott. The ore consists of copper pyrites and a 70-foot tunnel has been driven into the ledge Looking Down the Similkameen from Camp Hedley. the pyrites and in such cases this porphyry is itself a carrier of the precious metal. This lime belt is bounded by granite on the west and north and quartzite on the east. (3). [a]. Copper on the Lower Similkameen.—On Shuswap creek an ore consisting of quartz carrying high Hotel Hedley, Hedley City. grade copper pyrites is to be seen on the King Edward claim. This ore carries varying quantities molybdenite. At Olalla the Keremeos Mining syndicate have, for the past three years, been working steadily on their property. [-»]. Copper of the Middle Similkameen.~At 20-mile Similkameen Valley at Hedley. on solid ore. There are showings of equal promise on the Toronto and Galena groups adjoining the Kingston, and mention could be made of a number of other claims but as this article is intended to give a general description I must withhold them. [c]. Copper of the Upper Similkameen.—The copper Nickel Plate Mine. ore in this section may be put down as bornite, though a number of claims show pyrites as the predominant variety. This bornite occurs on Copper and Kennedy mountains and Friday creek, in a matrix of diorite. I he deposits are of considerable extent and development should show some valuable properties. THE MINING RECORD. 121 At Aspen Grove, at the head waters of i-mile creek, the predominating ore is copper glance. A group of claims have latterly been bonded here and active operations will no doubt soon follow. At io-mile creek, above Nicola, bornite occurs again this time in a talcose formation. On the Aberdeen several tons of this ore has been sacked for transport to the smelter. (4). Coal.—Coal occurs both at Princeton and White lake. Until lately little has been done towards this section of the industry. A diamond drill and a calyon drill, both of which have lately started boring operations at Princeton, will find out the extent and nature in depth of the seams in this district. Access to the country—Different Routes.—The approach to the Similkameen can be made : (1) From the north from Spence's Bridge on the C. P. R. main line via Nicola to Princeton at the west end of the valley, or from Sicamous junction on the C. P. R. main line via Twenty-mile Creek Canyon. Okanagan lake steamer to Princeton, and thence by stage to Keremeos and Hedley. (3). From Hope on the west, 60 miles by trail to Princeton. (4). From Wenatchee on Great Northern, by steamer and stage to Amoville and thence up Similkameen. Transportation.-—Two railroad surveys have been made through this valley by the C. P. R., one route direct over the Hope Pass, another via One-mile creek joins their present main line at Spence's Bridge. The V. V. & E. were granted a charter also and their surveyors reached Amoville last December. A third project, in embryo, decides to run a spur from the Great Northern up the valley. The topography of the valley is an ideal one from a railroad engineer's point of view. With transportation this will be one of the busiest and richest mining sections in British Columbia and there is a very good chance of the railroad dream being fulfilled in the near future. MICA MINING. ATTENTION has lately been directed to the extensive occurrences of mica in different sections of British Columbia, notably those at the head waters of the Thompson and Canoe, rivers, in the vicinity of Tete Jaune Cache, in the Big Bend of the Columbia river, and elsewhere. Last winter a considerable consignment of mica from mines near Golden was sent to Great Britain, and this year efforts are to be made to systematically develop these and other properties. It is, of course, too early yet to determine whether the mining of mica in this country may be profitably undertaken, in fact, as a writer, Mr. G. W. Colles, in the Engineering Magazine points out, "experience shows that in only a few regions of the earth occur dikes which contain mica inpayingquantities, and even in these regions no certain indications of the presence of mica in a dike have yet been discovered. For the most expert miner, it is still substantially a mere guess whether paying mica is present or not. When present there is often a distinct lead which the mica blocks follow, strung out along either the hanging or foot wall of the dike, and in this case the excavations may be made through the somewhat softer country rock instead of in the hard pegmatite. But this lead is often discontinuous, petering out into worthless trash or scrap ; and it may, or may not, start afresh farther on in remunerative quantities. Thus days may be lost in groping about for a new lead, and it has happened that the entire profits of a rich haul of mica have been consumed in this manner. Mines have been abandoned as exhausted, and yet when again worked by a subsequent owner have yielded plentiful returns. Nor are leads always present, for the mica often occurs bunched together in pockets, in great agglomerations of crystals, or even single crystals of large size." The difficulties and losses of mica mining are very numerous, and even when the substance occurs in blocks of commercial size it is, to quote the same authority, rendered valueless or comparatively so by one or more of a series of defects which may be classed as follows : " Colour, specks, ruling, ribbing, and wedge-formation. Colour, is a defect only for certain uses, as for stove glazing, and, in ground mica, for decorative purposes . The colour of mica may be anything from black, dark green or wine colour, to yellow and pure white or, rather, colourless ; the former kind being useful principally for electric and the latter for glazing purposes. The colour of mica is dependent on its composition, and both together are the main guides to its value, independently of other defects. " A great variety of minerals known to the geologist, all of more or less indefinite composition, are classed as mica. Physically, all have the well-known micaceous lustre and cleavage ; and chemically, all are substantially compound silicates of aluminum and of some other base or bases, such as soda, potash, lithia, lime, magnesia, iron, manganese, etc. For present purposes, we may roughly classify the three main commercial varieties as white or potash mica (" muscovite "); yellow or magnesia' mica (phlogopite") ; and black or iron mica ("biotite"); but it is not to be understood-that these form hard and fast lines, for they shade insensibly into each other. The last is much the commonest of the three, and indeed most coloured micas "owe their tints to iron, which is the all but universal colouring agent, and biotite is found in all colours between light yellow green, smoky brown, and black. The potash mica is too hard and brittle for most electrical uses, but well adapted for glazing and flour. The yellow mica (which includes the "amber mica" of the trade) is fairly well 122 THE MINING RECORD. adapted and much used for both purposes. The black mica is unavailable for glazing and flour, but is generally excellent for electric purposes, when not marred by specks and streaks, to which it is peculiarly subject, and which absolutely destroy its usefulness. That which is most in repute for the last-named use, however, is a dark wine-colored or ruby variety from India, called by the trade name " India mica," though the colour is not confined to India, and India produces other mica. The green micas, on the contrary are rather too hard for electrical uses and a bad colour for glazing, as it happens that a greenish tinge sticks to them and is perceptible even in thin sheets ; and again, it has been found unfortunately that when ground they give a flour deficient in lustre, so as to be unfitted for this purpose ; they are therefore, of inferior value. " Coming now to the defects properly so called, that of specks and streaks is one to which biotite is peculiarly subject. It sometimes occurs literally pied with black dots, consisting in general of black oxide of iron or garnet, and when even a few of these are present its commercial value is destroyed, because such mica when used as an insulator is peculiarly liable to puncture, the specks forming practically short circuits for the electric current. The same is true of streaks, which are sometimes turned to red rust. Strange freaks in the arrangement of the streaks have been observed, as for instance where a block was half white and half black, the margins being sharply defined by a straight line running through the middle of each sheet; or again Where the streaks ran parallel to one or both edges of the block, marking off the sheets like a checkerboard. The causes for these strange formations, as well as for the following similar ones, are entirely problematic. " Some otherwise excellent mica is found to be ruled or cut, as it were, with a series of perfectly straight lines, parallel to one side of the crystal, so that on being split the mica falls immediately into strips. The defect may be confined to the sides of the block, or extend entirely across, and sometimes the block is "double- ruled " so as to break up into small lozenges. Such mica is of course perfectly good as scrap, though its value as sheet mica be destroyed. Or again, instead of being striped or ruled, the mica is often deeply ribbed or corrugated parallel to the adjacent edges of the crystal, so as to give the appearance of the letter A (or rather V) whence it is termed "A-mica." As the ribbed portion has to be but away in sheets, such mica is also unprofitable, unless the blocks be large. Wedge- mica is that in which the block is thicker at one end than the other, the laminae partaking in the uneveness. Such blocks are wholly worthless except as scrap. "The reader will doubtless now begin to understand why mica is high-priced. It is not at all that it is a rare mineral, like gold, silver, uranium, etc., but because of the hazards and uncertainties of mining it, and the extraordinary proportion of waste between the rough block and the finished product. But all is not yet told, for even after all else is allowed for, the somewhat irregular sheet of good material must be further diminished in size by cutting or trimming. Electric mica is now generally "thumb-trimmed," but nearly all mica mined in the United States for glazing purposes is still cut into rectangular shape before leaving the mine ; and thus nearly one-half of the good portion goes to the scrap heap. Finally, if, as often happens, the square plates of cut mica are again cut up into other shapes, another large fraction of the material is wasted at the point of use." Speaking of production from this county Mr. Colles remarks that "The Canada mica comes principally from Ottawa county in Quebec, though some is also mined in Perth and Renfrew counties in Ontario, and the mines are chiefly the outcome and the legacy of the "phosphate boom" of the 8o's, during which many valuable deposits of mica were discovered in the soft apatite. Here lies at least part of the secret of the cheapness of Canadian mica, for apatite is far more easily mined than the flinty matrices of the pegmatite dikes. The increasing demand of recent years for mica for electrical purposes has caused great development of the mines, modern machinery has been installed, and the production of Canada now equals in value and exceeds in quantity that of the United States. This mica is deficient in transparency and in size, but is considered very good for electrical purposes." The value of sheet mica produced annually by India is, however, far in excess of that produced either by the United States or Canada, and the quantity would bear a still greater proportion, and moreover the production is on the increase. By values we may reckon the production at the present time about as follows : India one-half, and the United States and Canada each about one-fourth. Of this world's production it is interesting to note that the United States consumes more than one- half, including all its own product, the bulk of that from Canada, and a large fraction of the Indian mica, the amdu'nts of Canadian and India mica imported each being about equal to the home product. The remaining portion of the Indian mica goes almost all to England, and is there partially reshipped to Germany and France, the only other users of consequence. METALLURGICAL PROGRESS IN BOUNDARY DISTRICT. THE GRANBY WORKS—THE LARGEST COPPER SMELTING WORKS IN CANADA. By W. A. Harkin. THE development of the mining industry in the Boundary country is very largely a record of the progress of the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Co. This will become apparent from an analysis of the production of the various mines, and the volume of tonnage treated at the two existing district smelters. Out of a total tonnage of 410,880 tons in 1900 and 1901 the Granby plant is credited with 293'3X5 tons- Smelting operations in Grand Forks were not commenced until August 21, 1900, and from a period of two weeks thereafter two furnaces have practically been in full blast ever since. Including the year 1902, up to February 15, the Granby record forms a gross total of 314,000 tons. It must be remembered that the smelter of the British Columbia Copper Co,, at Greenwood (one furnace) did not begin the treatment of ore until February, 1901, since which period it has handled a tonnage approximating 130,000 tons. A gratifying feature is the increased effectiveness of treatment as compared with the showing during the first year. For instance, in November and December of 1900, the plant treated 36,517 tons of ore, giving a daily average for those two months of 598^3 tons. During the corresponding months of 1901, the same two furnaces reduced 42,677 tons, or a daily average for those two months of 699^ tons,—an increase ot 101 tons daily. These figures refer to ore alone—no coke consumed in smelting is included, and no barren fluxes are used, owing to the self-fluxing character of the ores. THE MINING RECORD. 123 The following is a summary of the operations of the Granby plant (two furnaces) from August, 1900, to December, 1901 :— Daily Month—1900. Tons. Average. Tons. August, 11 days 2,902 September 8,753 291 2-3 October 14,215 468 1-4 November 18,050 601 2-3 December 18,467 595 2-3 Total for 1900 62,387 1901. January 17,640 569 February 17,708 632 1-5 March 19,713 636 April 18,995 633 1-6 May : I9,°75 615 1-3 June 18,510 617 July 18,176 5861-3 August 18,028 581 1-2 September 20,059 668 2-3 October 20,347 656 1-3 November 20,706 690 1 -5 December 21,971 708 3-4 Total for 1931 230928 The plant has recently been enlarged by the addition of two furnaces and two sets of converters, the function of the latter being the conversion of matte into blister copper. The converter has been in operation since January 14 last, and is working satisfactorily. The new furnaces will be "blown in " within the next few weeks when the smelter will be in a position to treat an average of 1,500 tons of ore daily, and will make it the largest reduction works in Canada. Before giving a detailed description of the recent enlargement it will be well to briefly describe the original plant. The water power developed on the north fork of Kettle river gives 1,200 h.p. at extreme low water under an actual head of forty-five feet. The dam gives about thirty feet of this head,-the rest being made up between the dam and the power-house. The dam is 175 feet across the top, seventy-five feet from heel to toe on the bottom, built out of 12x12 inch sawn timbers, filled in with rock and gravel. The flume is 12x9 feet, and a mile long. The power house is within 1,000 feet of the smelter buildings and 100 feet below them. The power with which the blowers, sampling works, converter, etc., are driven, is created by three double sixteen-inch turbine water-wheels, operating under an effective head of forty- five feet. These wheels are connected with the flume by steel intake pipes four feet seven inches in diameter. Each is directly connected with one Westinghouse rotating arm, alternating current generator. Another wheel is belted to two pumps each with a daily capacity of 750,000 gallons. These pumps furnish water and pressure to granulate the slag as it runs continuously from the furnaces. The power-house, as originally planned, was 100 feet long by 30 feet wide, all the batteries being set in line, on one long concrete foundation The smelter proper consisted of two double-decked, steel-jacketed furnaces, 160 x 44 inches at the tuyeres, made by the Gates Works, of Chicago. The gases pass off from the top in a four-feet diameter downtake pipe, which is connected with the big flue dust chamber leading to the stack, the flue chamber being 10 x 10 feet on the inside and 300 feet in length. The stack 11 x 11 feet inside measurement, and 152^ feet high. The blower room is 50 x 58 feet, and is 42 feet from the furnace building. It contains three blowers, one for each furnace and one in reserve. These are connected with the furnaces by a 54-inch diameter blast pipe, all blow ers being connected with the one main pipe. Each of these blowers is driven by a 75 h. p. Westinghouse induction motor, which is belted directly to the blower. The original sampler building is 64 x 70 feet, and is surrounded on three sides by ore bins. The ore train as it comes into the smelter, is carried on a trestle to a series of receiving bins, parallel to the front of the sampling works, twenty-three feet above the floor of the same and thirty-three feet distant. The bins are filled directly from the cars, which have a bottom dump. The ore is taken from the receiving bins by small iron cars, which dump into a No. 5 Gates gyratory crusher. This crusher has its opening a little below the floor of the sampling works and has a capacity of 1,000 tons daily. After the ore is crushed to the size of a four-inch ring it is elevated to the top of the building by a continuous steel bucket elevator. It is next sampled by a 60-inch Snyder automatic sampler The bulk of the ore is distributed to the bins on three sides of the sampling works by a special cast-iron revolving spout. Behind the smelter and at an elevation of about 100 feet above the works is a 100,000-gallon tank, which is supplied with water through an eight-inch steel-riveted pipe extending from the pump to the power-house, a distance of about 2,000 feet from the tank. This water is used principally for granulating the slag as it runs continuously from the settler in front of the furnaces. All the machinery is run by Westinghouse induction motors. There is a 75 h. p. motor for the sampling works, a 30 h. p. motor for matte sampler, a 25 h. p. . moter for the machine shops, and a 10 h. p. motor for the elevator in the main furnace building. This embraces a brief description of the old plant. The work of enlargement was started in May last. The power plant has been increased by a 250 h.p. horizontal turbine water-wheel and a 250 h.p. electric generator directly connected with the water-wheel, making a total of 250 h.p. developed for the use of the city of Grand Forks, the total water power thus developed on the Kettle river being 1,100 h p. There has also been added two additional triplex power pumps which will each supply another 750,000 gallons of water daily for granulating the slag and for the water jackets. The new pump was furnished by the Stilwell-Bierce-Smith- Vaile Co. of Dayton, Ohio. The Dayton Globe Works furnished the 250 h.p. water-wheel. The blower room has been increased by one No. 8 Connorsville blower, making four in all or one for each furnace. Two hundred feet have also been added to the dust flue. All the contracts for the supply of the motors and electrical plant were executed by the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. of Pittsburg. The main furnace room has been enlarged an additional 84x82 feet. The two new furnaces, like the old ones, were built by the Gates Iron Works, Chicago. They are set 39 feet apart, centre to centre, and room is left for two more, which the company is likely to add sometime during the current year. Their actual capacity, in consequence of the self-fluxing character of the ores treated,- has been found to be about 380 tons each daily. A new sampling and crushing plant has been built. It is 70x70 feet, and at its highest part it has a height of 65 feet. An additional No. 5 Gates crusher with automatic sampler, rolls, etc., has been installed. These additions will crush and sample 1,000 tons daily, making the total daily capacity of the crushing and sampling plant 2,000 tons daily. Additional ore bins have also been built. They will have a carrying capacity of 5,000 tons, and, with the existing bins, provide a total capacity of 10,000 tons. A briquetting plant of 100 tons daily capacity is being 124 THE MINING RECORD. installed. Its function is to compress the flue dust into bricks, which, will afterwards be re-smelted. The plant was built by the Henry Mould Co., of Pittsburg. The converter building is on the same level as the furnace house containing the four blast furnaces and ioo feet therefrom. It is a steel fire-proof structure 160x68 feet, its height in the main portion being 45 ft. The contract for its construction was executed by the Hamilton Bridge Co. of Hamilton, Ont. This building contains two stands of converters of the horizontal barrel type supplied by the Gates Iron Works of Chicago. The shells are 72 inches in diameter by 100 inches in length. Each stand will have a capacity of from 50 to 70 tons of matte daily, and each is provided with three shells. This building also contains a forty-ton electric travelling crane, forty- foot span, for handling the shells and matte. In another portion of the building is a twenty-five ton reverberatory tilting furnace also supplied by the Gates Iron Works. The converter building is connected with the furnace house by a ten-ton electric crane, 24-foot span. The matte from the furnaces is first settled in receivers, which in turn are tapped out into the matte ladles. The small electric crane takes the ladle of molten matte to the end of the converter building and there pours the hot metal into the tilting reverberatory. When the converter is ready for a charge the'40-ton crane in the converter building places a large matte ladle in front of this furnace, and by hydraulic power the furnace is slowly tilted until there is enough for a charge. The large crane transfers this molten matte to the converter into which it is poured. The converter is then turned into an upright position and the blast turned on. The pressure blast is 10 pounds per square inch. The blast is maintained until such time as sufficient slag has formed. Then the blast is turned off and the slag skimmed into a large ladle. This ladle is then carried by a Latest Photograph of Granby Works Showing Recent At In the same structure there is the quartz crushing plant and grinding pan for mixing the converter linings. Under each converter stand are three mould carriers operated back and forth by a hydraulic ram. The converters are also tilted by hydraulic power as well as the reverberatory furnace. Near the converter building is the engine room, in which is the blowing engine for blowing the converters ; also the hydraulic pump which furnishes the pressure to operate the various machines in the converter building. The blowing engine is run by a belt from a 200 h. p. alternating motor. It is of the power type, has an air cylinder 36 x 36 inches and has a special unloading device attached, so that when the pressure reaches a maximum of twelve pounds the valves are so arranged that they remain open and no power is consumed while the converter is not using air. This unloading device was especially built for the Granby Co., and has hitherto never been used on any low-pressure blowing engine used for converter purposes. crane and the slag is poured hot into the tilting furnace. The converter is then blown for a short time when the matte is all converted into metallic or blister copper, still retaining the gold and silver values. The moulds on the carriages are now brought into position by the hydraulic ram and the copper is slowly poured out of the converter into these moulds. The copper, which is 98^ per cent, pure, is then moulded into cakes weighing about three hundred pounds each. The converter, is now ready for another charge. It takes from two to four hours to convert one charge into metallic copper. By converting the matte at the smelter, a saving of fifty per cent, in freights is effected. The converter began operations on January 15 last. Besides converting its own product, the Granby company has closed contracts and is now treating matte from the smelters of the British Columbia Copper Co., Greenwood, B.C., the Hall Mines, Nelson, B.C., and the Van Anda Co., Texada Island, B.C. Within a few weeks when the Granby plant will have four furnaces, THE MINING RECORD. 9K the converter will be producing approximately about i.ooo tons of blister copper besides the gold and silver values, monthly. This will be at the rate of two million pounds monthly, or 24,000,000 pounds per annum Although no official returns are available, it is generally understood that the gold and silver values constitute an important feature of the product of the Keob Hill-Old Ironsides-Victoria group, owned by the Granby company. Mr. Hodges, the superintendent of the works, has been connected with the smelting industry since 1886. His first position was that of assistant superintendent of the Philadelphia Smelting & Refining Co., at Pueblo, Col. From there he went to Socorro, N. M., to take the management of the Rio Grande Smelting Works, belonging to the National Lead Co. Later he became ing in the hands of such capable metallurgists as Messrs. Breen & Bellinger, while Mr. Thomas Kiddie, formerly connected with the Orford Copper Co., and lately in charge of the Van Anda mines and smelter,, at Texada Island, has been entrusted with the superintendence of the Ladysmith smelter. The appointment is an admirable one in every way, and the Tyee Copper Co. is to be congratulated upon making so wise a choice. At Crofton Mr. Joseph Bye, under whose supervision the Northport smelter was constructed, is superintending the construction of the present works which bid fair to be the most complete on the Pacific coast. Mr. Fred Young, of Butte, is the resident engineer. The contract for the excavations has been given to the Victoria Transfer Co. who have fifty or sixty men at work. The amount of earth to be removed is 12,000 cubic yards superintendent of the Compania Metallurgica Mexicana at San Lurs Potosi, Mexico. Subsequently he accepted the management of the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Works, at St. Louis, owned by the National Lead Co., and was later promoted to the management of the manufacturing department of the same company in New York. In addition to this experience, Mr. Hodges has done much valuable special mining and metallurgical work. SMELTING ON VANCOUVER ISLAND. THE satisfactory progress and development of mining on Vancouver Island is indicated by the industrial activity now apparent. Preparations have already begun for the erection of two extensive smelting works on the East Coast, the work at Crofton be- The contract for the boilers has been secured by the Victoria Machinery Depot Co. and that for the building, masonry and carpentering, by the very capable and energetic firm of Sherbourne & Smith. Mr. Haggerty is supplying the stone from quarries near Vesuvius Bay on Salt Spring Island. The transport will thus be only five or six miles by water. Granite will be used for facing the structure and sandstone for the backing. Such of the machinery as can be purchased locally has been so obtained, but a large quantity of special and very perfect machinery is en route from Denver, Col. With all due allowances for unavoidable delays the smelter will be ready to treat ores on the 1st of June. Two blast furnaces are in the first instance to be installed, the largest with a calculated capacity of 400 tons per day. The furnace room will be built large enough to accommodate three of these stacks and in addition to the above mentioned stack another is being 126 THE MINING RECORD. great a capacity. Besides a modern bessemerising plant put in with not so these two furnaces is being put in; this will be a great benefit to mine owners of Vancouver Island and the coast of British Columbia, and the freight on the matte to New York will be saved to a great extent> as the output of the Crofton smelter will consist of blister copper instead of ordinary matte. The power plant will consist of one compound condensing engine of 500 h.p., of which one side, that is the high pressure one, will be erected and at present will have a capacity of 275 h.p. In addition a large blowing engine will be erected to supply the convertors, whilst two Connersville blowers will supply the air for the furnaces. The boiler-room will contain three boilers of 200 h.p. each. The main stack is 12 feet in diameter and 125 feet high. The plant will be fully supplied with electric power and lighting. The works will not only smelt ores purchased by the company operating at Crofton, but will also treat the matte from other smelters sent to these works, reducing it to blister copper, and thus effecting a considerable saving in freightage to the Eastern refineries. steamboats ply between Golden and the towns near the head of navigation in the Windermere district. Supplies to the mines are thus sent up the river, and ore brought down to the Canadian Pacific railway for transmission to the smelters. Although a charter has been granted for the purpose of building a railway from Fort Steele to Golden, the matter seems to end there, and over one hundred and fifty miles of mineral-bearing country lying between two of the principal ranges of mountains in British Columbia, is almost cut off from the outside world. The situation is theoretically perfect for the occurrence of rich ore bodies from a geological point of view, and practical work has proven theory to be correct in this case. Railway magnates in search of an outlet for capital would do well to carefully investigate the potentialities lying almost dormant in the Columbia valley. When mines can be worked and ore shipped under existing conditions, surely no further proof is needed of the value of the ore awaiting cheap transportation facilities. A traveller up the Columbia river on the deck of a steamboat, cannot fail to notice the white cut banks on each side of the river after passing Steamboat mountain as he approaches the Lower Columbia lake. The tops The New Town of Crofton, V. I.—First Buildings on Main Street. UNUSUAL OCCURRENCES IN THE WINDERMERE DISTRICT. By II. E. Neave, M. I. M. E. MINES in the district of Northeast Kootenay have been the subject of several comprehensive articles and the public have read full particulars of the ore bodies so far discovered in the mountain ranges flanking this district. The richness of the ore enabling extraordinary disabilities in transportation to be overcome and yet realise a profit to the shipping mines has been fully discussed upon. It is therefore rather difficult to obtain material of popular interest sufficient to write a paper on and at the same time avoid tiresome repetition. The present article will be confined to a description of a few peculiarities noted by the writer during a short residence in that part. The Columbia river valley lies between the Rocky mountains on the east and the Selkirk range on the west. From Golden on the C. P. Railway, a comfortable stage coach is regularly run to Windermere about 90 miles south and from there to Fort Steele, 60 miles farther, where a railway is again met with. During the summer small of these banks present uniform and comparatively level benches clothed in the greenest of grass and numerous fir trees, giving the country a park-like appearance. On closely examining the material of which these banks are composed, it is found to be a fine, white powder, generally devoid of pebbles or grit of any description. This is usually attributed to the action of glaciers and called I glacial mud," but the entire absence of the usual boulders found at the base and sides of glaciers, seem to point to some other source. The uniformity of level found on these benches indicate that this " mud " was slowly deposited in water. If so, the Columbia valley from Steamboat mountain looking'south was one vast lake, the same "mud" being found, similarly situated, for many miles south. Steamboat mountain, a solitary, isolated mass, rising up in the centre of the Columbia valley, was apparently the barrier to the north and this barrier must have broken suddenly and allowed a rapid subsidence of the water to account for these banks being left as they are. A gradual subsidence would have resulted in sloping or terraced banks, as this " mud " quickly liquifies on the bottom of a lake. A microscopic examination and analysis of this sub- THE MINING RECORD. 127 stance made by the well-known analytical chemist, Mr. Holdich, revealed the fact that it is principally composed of minute angular, fragments of iron-stained silicia. The analysis is : Silicia 55-00 per cent. Alumina 8.60 " Lime Carbonate 23.00 " Magnesia Carb 6.05 " Iron Peroxide r-0o " Combined water not estimated. Angular fragments, again, seem to be contrary to what would naturally be expected to be found in a substance formed by glacial action, where the smallest grains would be exposed to prolonged attrition not conducive to the retention of sharp angles. As an abrasive this "mud " is valuable, as it rapidly polishes metal to a very fine surface. A volcanic "mud" flow from some extensive fissure or vent, is one hypothesis advanced to account for this occurrence. Igneous action is still apparent in the immediate vicinity in the form of hot springs, the two principal of which are situated at Fairmont and Sinclair, many miles apart. Here very hot water is being discharged, constantly depositing calcareous sinter on the Rocky Mountain slopes. These springs are said to possess medicinal virtue and are much patronized by both white settlers and Indians. Up Toby Creek is to be found a "soda" spring now easily accessible by the fine waggon road lately built by the government for the mines. This water is clear, cold, and sparkling and makes a delightful drink, preferable to most manufactured mineral waters. It is highly effervescent, and according to the analysis made by the Mines Department, Victoria, contains: Sulphate of Calcium Quantities not given Sulphate of Magnesium Solids 205 grs. per gallon Carbonate of Sodium Chlorine 1.25 grs. per gallon Carbonate of Iron Chloride of Sodium The amount of sulphate of calcium is said to preclude its use as a marketable commodity. It is a luxury to travellers up Toby Creek nevertheless. The whole district is rich in salts, resulting in numerous small "alkali" lakes, these being formed by sulphur water leaching out the salts from the soil and conveying them in solution to depressions, where, fully exposed to the sun, a natural concentration takes place. In Toby and Horse Thief creeks can be seen highly decomposed shales, their planes of cleavage almost ■ vertical and rich in sulphate of magnesia. Other shales contain nodules of pure anhydrous sulphate of alumina. Should there ever be a demand for this substance, there is no lack of it here. Some shales sent to the Mines Department, Victoria, contained, according to report obtained, aluminite. One part of Toby Creek canyon only accessible in mid-winter on the frozen creek, beautiful specimens of selenite are found in the shale. This selenite exhibits the usual characteristic arrow-headed crystals. Both Toby and Horse Thief creeks contain placer gold, but judging from its appearance it is evidently there as a result of natural concentration from a more ancient channel. The gold is smooth and rolled flat by the passage of boulders over the bed rock upon which it lies. Further south at the well-known Wild Horse creek near Fort Steele, gojd has been profitably obtained from the placer for many years. The ancient channel will one day be found in the Windermere district, its existence is placed almost beyond doubt by discoveries that have already been made. Along the base of the Selkirk range west of Canterbury is to be seen a remarkable and extensive dyke of that form of felsite known as keratophyre (Keras, Gr., a horn) owing to the excess of soda it contains. This is identical with the famous rock in the Tokotea district, New Zealand, from which so much gold has been taken. The keratophyre is composed of: Silicia, Si O2 59-35 Alumina, AI2 O3 21.30 Ferrous oxide FeO 10.06 Lime CaO 1.58 Magnesia MgO 0.48 Potassium Oxide K2O 0-34 Sodium Oxide Na20 7.68 100.79 This dyke in the Windermere district contains ledges rich in copper, associated with extensive bodies of barytes. Samples of the dyke are to be seen in the Museum, Victoria. Through one of the passes in the Rocky mountains into the Kootenay vaile)', many square miles of country, practically untrodden by man, is open for the adventurous traveller to explore, making the Windermere district his headquarters for supplies. Beautiful specimens of ore have been brought out of this unknown part. At the Museum, Victoria, can be seen specimens of sodalite brought over the Rockies by prospectors under the impression it was some form of copper, its fine blue colour being the cause of the excusable mistake. Perhaps enough has been said to impress those having mineralogical knowledge and leisure with the fact that the Windermere district possesses many attractions, enough to warrant a visit at least and a few months investigation. Botanists also would find a rich field to explore in this fertile valley, medicinal plants being especially prominent, such as digitalis, aconite, Pulsatilla, etc. In the mountains just below the line of perpetual ice and snow, can be seen the most lovely flowers during the summer, at an elevation of 8,000 to 9,000 feet. Here hunters can find the ptarmigan, wild goats and sheep, deer and the different kinds of bear. The government has recognized the importance of the Windermere district and has spent unusually large sums of money on roads during the past two years. The leading mines have also contributed heavily toward the expense of road making. A METHOD OF MINING LOW-GRADE ORES IN THE BOUNDARY CREEK DISTRICT.! By Frederic Keefer, M.A., Anaconda, B. C. IT is usually the case in new districts presenting a variety of new conditions, that a good deal of preliminary work must be done to determine the best methods of mining and treating ores. This has been true in the Boundary District, the ores of which, as a rule, are of very low grade, occurring in deposits of great extent .without well-defined walls. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the methods of mining at the Mother Lode mine in Deadwood Camp, near Greenwood, and the reasons which have led up to their adoption. The ore deposit here outcrops at intervals for a distance of about 2,000 feet, the width in explored portion averaging perhaps 140 feet, although the absence of any defined walls prevents exact measures being given. The dip is about 70 degrees easterly, and pitch toward the south at an angle yet undetermined. Only the ground to the north of the shaft, which is located centrally, has been explored as yet. At the beginning of stoping operations, the ore body had been developed by tFrom a paper read before the March meeting of the Canadian Institute of Mining Engineers. 128 THE MINING RECORD. a northerly drift from shaft on the 200 level, the drift extending to apparent end of ore. The deposit was crosscut at intervals of about 100 feet. Similar work was also done on r,the 300 level. A winze to surface, about 500 feet north of shaft, afforded good ventilation. It was the original intention to sort all the ore from the mine, filling the stopes with the waste, and with other rock blasted] from walls or elsewhere obtained. To this end a system of belt conveyors was arranged whereby the ore from shaft was dumped into a No. 5 Gates crusher, thence passing over a 3-foot wide picking belt to the ore bins. The waste was dropped into side pockets falling upon another belt system, whereby it was conveyed to a bin at top of winze, whence it was to be dropped into the stopes. It may be said here that the term " waste " is, generally speaking, merely comparative, for the whole of the ore body (with exception noted below) contains copper, gold and silver in varying degree, and waste is merely rock with lesser quantities of these metals. The sort- that of timbering the whole of the floor of stope heavily, only the excess of ore from above being dropped through chutes conveniently placed. This plan was going nicely until the roof of stope was some 20 feet over timbers, when a mass of ore became detached from roof, which mass weighed some hundreds of tons Everything in its path was crushed and the stope wrecked. Luckily no one was hurt. A further, and final plan, was then adopted. The ore body was divided into stopes 30 to 40 feet wide, the length of stopes being the distance across the ore body. The crosscuts already existing were used, and others cut where needed under the centre of each stope. From these crosscuts, upraises were made 30 feet apart. These were made 10 to 12 feet high, and were then connected by second and parallel crosscuts. From these latter crosscuts the stopes were opened out the proposed width, and then carried vertically upward, the short upraises being cribbed and furnished with gates for loading. Between the stopes, pillars 20 to 25 feet ing and conveying belts worked to a nicety, but the smelter had been in operation but a short time when it became apparent that its capacity for these self-fluxing ores was much greater than had been thought possible, and consequently smelting costs were lower than had been figured. A direct result of this was that the definition of I waste " was altered, and its quantity greatly diminished. And further, that the cost of sorting out this diminished waste was approximately equal to the cost of smelting it ; for even the poorest of the rock contains some values to offset in part the smelting charges. These conditions necessitated the abandonment of the filling plan for stopes. Also the sorting of ores was suspended, save for certain ores from the 300 level, where the waste happens to be totally barren and easily sorted out. The filling system having been dropped, it was then planned to timber the stopes in the ordinary fashion, but this plan was abandoned on account of high cost of timber compared with ore contents. A third alternative was next adopted in one stope— in thickness were left, these being frequently pierced to allow intercommunication and ventilation. In the stope where the wreck occurred a very heavily timbered passage corresponding to a crosscut was built, chutes being placed at 30 ft. intervals. The empty space was filled with porphyry blasted from a blanket dyke, which extends through all the ground yet explored. The accompanying plans and sections illustrate the general arrangement of the workings. These stopes will be carried up to a point 160 feet above the 200 level, where they will meet with the surface workings to be described. After this occurs, the ore remaining in stopes above the porphyry will be sent through the chutes, and as much of the pillars removed at same time as safety may dictate.. The ore below porphyry may be removed at will, as this dyke is very thick and solid and will stand any pressure. In this method of working, nearly 50 per cenL of broken ore must be left in the stopes for a considerable period, but to offset this, the interest on THE MINING RECORD. 129 capital so tied up is but a fraction of the cost of timbering these great stopes. Moreover, the system is as safe as mining can be made, the roof of stopes always being near the men, and there can be no wrecks occasioned by a cave. Further, there being no danger from timbers giving way, tremendous blasts can be employed and the ore broken down in great quantities at a time. One drill will frequently break down 75 to 80 tons in 24 hours. On the 300 level, the pillars come directly below those on the 200, but in future levels the distance will be increased from 100 feet to nearly 175 to allow of less rock being left between levels, and less development having to be done. SURFACE MINING. To supplement the output from underground, a great amount of ore is. now obtained by quarrying. In the hill which rises some 260 feet over the surrounding flat, a quarry (or "Glory Hole," as it is locally styled,) is in As quarrying proceeds, other raises will be made, and the level of quarry floor at the same time be lowered until the flat level is reached and the tops of stopes encountered, when these latter may be emptied. The present Gates crusher will take care of all ore from shaft as at present, its capacity being from 400 to 500 tons per 24 hours when fed with ore properly broken. THE CYANIDE-ASSAY FOR COPPER.t By Harry Huntington Miller. N spite of its recognised irregularities, the cyanide- assay for copper has always been popular among volumetric methods, being easy and rapid, and reasonably accurate when the solution tested contains nothing but pure copper and ammonium salts. In order to secure this condition, however, especially in operat- I TlftjW'fcdc^'** gooLr ycl. j?Cj.l£ OO't to jir/ operation, this quarry being 110 feet above the flat and 50 feet above collar of shaft. Ore is at present run down a gravity tram to Gates crusher, and thence over conveying belts to bins on the flat. This No. 5 crusher experience has shown to be far too small to admit of economical work, the ore having to be reduced to 10 inch size in order to pass into crusher. This reduction has mainly to be effected by "bulldosing" with high per cent, dynamite, the rock being too hard for hammer breaking. To obviate this difficulty, and to permit of cheaper handling, a tunnel has been driven into the hill from level of flat. This connects by a 12 x 12 upraise with the quarry. In a pit on flat next the railway an immense Farrell crusher, with jaw opening 2x3 feet, is now being installed. Ore will be dropped down the upraise, and there loaded into cars having a capacity of four tons. Trains of these will be drawn by mules to the crusher pit, where they will be dumped, by compressed air, over a grizzly leading to crusher. The screenings and crushed ore will be elevated to a bin beside the railway. ing on low-grade ores, tailings and slags of complex composition, it is the practice to precipitate the copper from the ore solution,—usually by means of metallic zinc or aluminum. The copper thus precipitated in the metallic form must be dissolved again ; and the separation is never, in practice, complete, since an appreciable amount of the copper remains behind in the first solution, and the second solution always contains some of the other metals of the gangue ; so that the result is at best but partially satisfactory. On the other hand, if this course is not pursued, but (as is the practice in many laboratories) the first solution, with or without previous filtration, is treated with an excess of ammonia and the resulting precipitate of "Fe, AI, etc., is filtered off, the difficulties in the way of an accurate assay are still greater. A portion of the copper remains behind in the precipitate, necessitating a second and sometimes a third solution and re-precipi- t From a paper read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers. 130 THE MINING RECORD. tation to secure a precipitate free from copper. Even with this additional manipulation (and consequent loss of time) the results obtained are incorrect. The amount of the standard KCN required to decolorise the solution is affected by varying temperature, varying amount of free and combined ammonia, and volume of solution. The presence of other metals also affects the process. Silver, zinc and nickel, if present, react with KCN like copper, while manganese retains copper in the precipitate to a greater extent than iron, besides obscuring the end reaction. Having had occasion recently to make a large number of determinations of very low-grade materials, where it was necessary to know the copper contents accurately to within one or two hundredths per cent. I have employed the cyanide-assay with complete success notwithstanding the difficulties above cited. Careful attention to details and the introduction of a system of comparative standardization have resulted in a method which leaves little to be desired as regards speed of working, combined with a very fair degree of accuracy. The principles involved are : (i) The greatest possible uniformity in every stage of the assay ; (2) the adoption for each particular class of material of a value for the KCN solution obtained by standardizing in the presence of that material. DETAILS OF WORKING. The details of an assay or set of assays of material containing from o. 1 to 0.5 per cent, of copper are as follows : 10 grammes of the ore are weighed into a No. 4 porcelain casserole and digested on the hot plate until complete solution is effected. The acids used, degree of concentration, time of heating, etc., will depend on the nature of the ore ; and each operator will determine these features for himself, bearing in mind, however, that in this, as* well as in all subsequent operations, what is once adopted must be strictly adhered to in every assay of the same class. When solution has been effected, the sides of the dish are rinsed down with a stream of hot water and the proper amount of dilute ammonia is added, the contents of the casserole being well stirred before and after the addition of the ammonia. The assay is then returned to the hot plate, heated moderately for five minutes, and then filtered hot through a 7-in. filter into a narrow beaker of 250 c. c. capacity. Nearly the entire contents of the dish can be poured out at once onto the filter, and the balance is sluiced out with a stream of cold water. The mass on the filter is washed twice with cold water, the jet being forced with the full power of the lungs, so as to stir up and wash the precipitate thoroughly with the minimum quantity of water. The liquid filters rapidly, and the clear blue filtrate, after two washings, should now be almost cold (not over 70 degrees F.) ; and if the washing has been properly performed the bulk should not be over 180 c. c. If it be less than this, more water should be added. It is convenient to have a strip of white cardboard bearing the 180 c. c. mark for the size of beaker used. By standing this strip alongside of the beaker the volume of the solution can easily be measured. The solution, if cool and of the proper now ready for assay. Place the beaker burette on a square of white filter paper. KCN solution rapidly, stirring vigorously meanwhile. As the color fades, proceed more slowly and cautiously, adding the standard solution in drops, instead of a continuous stream, as at first. If the ore solution con- volume, is under the Run in the tains manganese, a precipitate will begin to form as the colour fades from- blue to violet. This precipitate, which appears in the form of a dirty bluish-green or brown discoloration, obscures the end-reaction, and must be removed by filtration before the finishing point is reached. Keep the attention fixed on the side of the beaker, near the bottom, look down transversely through the cloudy solution. As long as a decided tint of violet can .be seen on the mirror-like surface of the glass, the cautious addition of KCN can be continued, drop by drop. Stop before this colour becomes too faint, and filter rapidly through a thin filter-paper. Washing is unnecessary, as the solution is now too close to the finishing point for the trace of copper absorbed by the filter to affect the result appreciably. The filtered solution, which should be very light blue or pale violet in tint, can now be easily brought to a delicate, hardly perceptible rose pink, which should be the finishing point for weak solutions. For solutions containing much copper, it is necessary to finish with a more decided pink, since it takes a little longer for the last color to fade from a solution which was rich in copper at the start. Where no manganese is present, refilter- ing will usually be unnecessary, the solution remaining clear to the finishing point. A considerable excess of manganese may cause trouble in the assay, especially in the presence of ammonic chloride, as the precipitated hydroxide then forms very slowly, and keeps making its' appearance as a milky discoloration in successive filtrates. This can be very largely prevented, however, by the presence of sufficient iron, as the iron precipitate seems to carry with it all but a trace of the maganese. A little longer heating after addition of the ammonia also aids in securing a filtrate free from disturbing quantities of manganese. STANDARDISING THE POTASSIUM CYANIDE SOLUTION. From what has already been pointed out, it will be clear that- the amount of KCN necessary to decolorize the solution does not give the true amount of copper present in the ore, when the latter contains other bases which interfere with the assay. When the acid solution is precipitated with excess of ammonia, Ag, Ni, and Zn, if present in the ore, go into the solution, and react like copper with the KCN ; while Fe, Mn and AI are precipitated as hydroxides. This precipitate invariably contains a small proportion of the copper which, in the case of iron, is probably mechanically retained; but where manganese is present there is a further retention, possibly as a manganate. Arsenic may also form in insoluble arsenate ; and Cr also interferes. In looking for a way to obviate these difficulties, I began by assuming that the amount of copper retained' by these causes combined, varied directly as the ratio of the total copper to the disturbing elements presents. Experiment proved this assumption to be a true one| at least to a very close approximation; and, this fact once established, the course of procedure became clear. In standardizing the KCN solution for any particular ore or class of ores of the same composition, two portions of 10 grammes each are weighed out for separate assays. To one of them is added a weighed amount of pure copper, and the two are run through together, being treated in all respects like regular assays. The difference in the number of c.c. of KCN used in the two assays represents an amount equivalent to the weighed excess of copper taken, and from this the true value of the ore is readily ascertained. Operating on the same weight of identical gangues, this figure (with frequent checking) is used. For a different gangue, or a different weight of the same gangue, another test must be made ; and whenever an accurate determination of a new ore is required, the assay is run in duplicate as described. THE MINING RECORD. 131 If due attention be paid to the above details, I believe the cyanide method will prove itself superior to the iodide volumetric method. The latter is certainly no quicker, and consumes much larger quantities of chemicals, besides being subject to many sources of error. The colorimetric assay, an improved application of which has been described by Mr. J. D. Audley Smith in a recent paper before this Institute, is adapted to low- grade ores only, and for these does not seem to possess any advantages over the cyanide method, either in point of time or accuracy of results. By effecting the solution in acid on a thick asbestos pad, heated by gas or gasoline burners, a number of assays can be run through at once, requiring little or no attention from the time they are placed on the fire .until they are ready for the addition of ammonia. The " mixed acid " used is kept prepared in quantity, and so is the dilute ammonia. For measuring out the portions of acid and ammonia for each assay, the most convenient vessel is a graduated cylinder of ioo c.c. capacity, with a foot. The same method can be applied with eqtaal success to richer ores, as well as to concentrates and mattes. For low-grade ores, containing not over i per cent, of copper, the KCN solution should not be stronger than i c.c. =0.005 grammes of copper. For richer material, a solution of twice this strength can be used to advantage. MINERAL PRODUCTION OF CANADA, 1901. THE following annual preliminary statistical statement of the mineral production of Canada, for 1901, has been prepared by the Section of Mines of the Geological Survey of Canada. Although the figures given are, as stated, "subject to revision," they may still be taken as a very close approximation to those which will be given in the final report: Product. metallic Copper (b) Lbs. Gold, Yukon $18,000 000 " all other 6,462,222 Iron ore (exports) Tons. tPig iron from Canadian ore " Lead(<r) Lbs. Nickel (d) " Silver («) Oz. Total metallic NON-METALLIC Actinolite Tons. Arsenic " Asbestos and asbestic " Chromite (exports) " Coal " Coke (/) " Corundum " Felspar " Fire clay " Graphites " Grindstones " Gypsum I " Limestone for flux " Manganese ore (exports) " Mica " Mineral pigments— Baryta " Ochres " Mineral water Moulding sand Tons. Natural gas (g) Peat Tons. Petroleum (h) Bbls. Quantity. ■(«*) Value. 1 40,951,196 6,600,104 306,199 83,100 50.756,440 9,189,047 5,078,318 24,462,222 762,284 1,212,113 2,199,784 4,594.523 2,993,668 42,824,698 531 3,126 695 41,676 38,079 1,186,434 i,759 25,444 6,186,286 14,671,122 373,625 1,264,360 435 53>n5 5,226 4,710 3,979 5,920 1,440 28,880 5,701 55,69o 293.799 340,148 169,399 183,162 440 4,820 160,000 653 3>842 2,233 i6,735 100,000 14,620 29,240 312,359 220 660 588,528 953,415 Pyrites Tons Salt Talc 28,261 59,428 259 STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND CLAY PRODUCT! Product. Quantity. W Cement, natural rock Brls. 133,328 Cement, Portland " 297,066 Granite Pottery Sands and gravels (exports) Tons. 197,302 Sewer pipe Slate 77 Terra-colta, pressed brick, etc Building material, including bricks, building stone, lime, tiles, etc Total structural materials and clay products Total all other non-metallic Total non-metallic " metallic Estimated value of mineral products not returned Total, 1901 IJ3.044 262,328 842 Value. ("> $ 94,415 535,615 155,000 200,000 117,465 250,115 9.980 278,671 4,820,000 6,461,261 19,821,072 26,282,333 42,824,698 300,000 69,407,031 1900. 1899 1898 1897 1896 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 total. 64,488 49,584 38,697 28,661 22,584 20,648 19 93' 20,035 16,628 18,976 16,76. 14,013 12,518 11,321 10,221 037 ,027 ,021 4JO 513 964 158 082 ,417 ,6l6 353 913 ,894 33i 255 REMARKS. It is gratifying to note that the value of the mineral production of the country still increases, notwithstanding a considerable falling off in the gold output. The growth shown is equivalent to nearly 8 p. c. addition to the total value for 1900. This is of course a much smaller proportional increase than those shown during the previous few years, but it is encouraging to find that it is due to the large expansion of the more permanent mineral industries, such as the metallic, including iron smelting, with coal, coke, asbestos, etc., amongst the non-metallic. All along the line the evidence of this vote has been quite marked, giving great promise for the future, so that the inevitable falling off which must occur from time to time in the output of gold from shallow placer workings, bids fair to be made up by the growth of those mineral industries that are now becoming such a factor in the commercial life of the country. Leaving the Yukon district out of consideration, the permanent metal mining industries shew an increase of nearly 37 p. c. notwithstanding a. falling fThe total production of pig iron into Canada in 1901 from Car and foreign ores amounted to 274,376 tons, valued at $3,5129, which it is estimated that 83,100 tons, valued at $1,212,113 shoi attributed to Canadian ore and 191,276 tons, valued at $2,300,8 the ore imported. [a) Quantity or value of product marketed. The ton used is t 2,000 lbs. (b) Copper contents of ore, matte, etc,, at 16 17 cents per lb. ( c) Lead contents of ore, etc., at 4.34 cents per lb. frf) Nickle contents of ore, matte, etc., at 50 cents per lb. (e) Silver contents of ore at 58.95 cents p.r oz. (/) Oven coke, all the production of Nova Scotia and Br. Colv (,?) Gross return from sale of gas. (h) Calculated from inspection returns at 100 galls, crude to fined oil, and computed at $1.62 per brl. of 35 imp. galls. Indian 23, of Id be 10, to hat of imbia. 54 re- 132 THE MINING RECORD. away of over 20 p. c. in the value of the lead production. The above, taken in connection with the enlarged value of the output of coal and coke of over 14 p. c. gives an average increase of over 27 p. c. for the more important industries of the country. The total value of the non-metallic products shows an increase of 10 p. c. over last year, that of the whole metallic group nearly 6 p. c, while the structural materials remain about the same. The total value of the mineral production of Canada since 1886, when the statistics were first officially compiled, was but a little over one-seventh what it is to-day, although the population has only increased 17 p. c. in that time. The per capita value is now $12.92 as compared with $2.23 in 1886. In regard to their relative importance the metal mining industries led, contributing 61.70 p. c., the non- metallic following with 28.86 p. c., the structural class being credited with 9.31 p. c. Grouping the metalliferous class with coal and coke, over 80 p. c. of the value is accounted for. The following table gives the relative contributions to the grand total of the different mineral industries. A comparison of the two years given will show many interesting features. Product. 1901. Per cent, of total Production. 1 Gold , 43.28 2 Coal and coke 21.62 3 Building material 7.48 4 Nickel 5.16 5 Copper 4.75 6 Lead 4.28 7 Silver 4-25 8 Petroleum 1.78 9 Asbestos 1.16 10 Cement 1.00 11 Pig iron (from Canadian ore) o. 90 12 Natural gas „ 0.65 13 Salt 0.43 1901. Per cent, of total Product. Production. Gold 35-24 Coal and coke 22.96 Copper: 9.51 Building material 6.94 Nickel 6.62 Silver 4.31 Lead. 3-17 Pig iron (from Canadian ore) 1.75 9 Asbestos 1.71 10 Petroleum 1.37 11 Iron ore (export) 1.10 12 Cement 0.91 13 Gypsum 0.49 The figures tabulated below, give the growth of the various industries for 1901 as compared with 1900 : Product. Quantity. Value. Increase. Decrease. Increase. Decrease. Metallic— Copper 116.25 -•• Gold ... Pig iron (from Canadian ore only). 134.83 Pig iron (from both home and imported ores) 184.11 Lead Nickel 29.78 Silver 19.65 Non-metallic— Asbestos Ceai Coke Cernent Gypsum Petroleum 65 30.67 10.30 37-77 29.82 16.54 115.27 107.85 '33-93 '38.07 9.24 58.52 10.39 94-77 31 '33 "44 17-17 17-17 In Gold, according to the figures kindly furnished by the United States mints of purchases of gold from the Canadian Yukon, there was a considerable falling off of over 12 per cent, this year's yield being less by $4,275,- 000. This was partly offset, howe.ver, by an increase of almost $1,000,000 in the output ot British Columbia gold. In the other provinces there were no considerable changes. In Stiver, whilst the proportional increase in quantity is fair, there is less to record for the value, on account of the lower prices. In Lead the decrease is to be attributed to the difficulties encountered by the operators of the British Columbia mines, which produced all but a very small quantity of the output. Not only were the prices for the year lower, but the industry was seriously crippled by the difficulties encountered in profitably marketing the ores with the smelters in the United States. Copper. —Commencing as they did in the latter part of December, 1901, the low prices for this metal hardly affected the figures of production. The output showed a very large increase over that of 1900. In the Sudbury district of Ontario, the amount of the copper contained in the shipments of matte was greater by over 25 per .cent. British Columbia produced over three times the amount credited to it during last year, due chiefly to the large output of the mines of the Boundary Creek district. Nickel. —An increase of nearly 30 per cent, in production is recorded. The price of nickel, which, from 1895 to 1898, ranged from 33 to 36 cents per lb. was quoted in the New York market throughout the year 1901, at from 50 to 60 cents per lb. The better prices and increased demand has stimulated production at the Sudbury mines. The output in 1901 was 4,595 tons of nickel as compared with 2,872 tons in 1899 and 1,998 tons in 1897. Iron ore.—Owing to the exploitation of the large deposit of ore of the Helen mine at Michipicoten, in Ontario, a considerable growth is evident in the country's production of this mineral. Part of the product goes to furnaces in Ontario, but the larger part is exported. Only the exports are credited in the table under this heading, the rest appearing under the item 'pig iron.' Adding to the exports the 156,613 tons of Canadian ore, etc., charged to Canadian furnaces, we arrive at a total production of 462,812 tons. In the returns of ore charged, however, a small proportion of mill cinder is included. Pig Iron. —-In the production of pig iron in Canadian furnaces an increase of over 184 per cent, in quantity is recorded, while the estimated production from Canadian ore alone increased nearly 135 per cent. These increases are due in a large measure to the successful completion and operation of the furnaces of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company at Sydney, N.S. The Midland furnace of the Canada Iron Furnace Co. is also to be credited with a considerable portion of the increase, since they only commenced operations in the latter part of 1900. The various other furnaces continued operations on about the same scale. Steel.— For obvious reasons the value of the steel product is not included in the general table. There was made, however, in steel furnaces in Canada during the year, 41,948 tons (of 2,000 lbs.) of steel ingots, etc., all of which was worked up into bars, etc. Work was continued on the steel-rail plant at Sault Ste. Marie, and the manufacture of steel is said to have commenced during the present year (1902). Cement.—The figures of production for cement represent the sales and shipments only. A large amount, some 70,000 barrels remained in stock, however, at the close of the year. THE MINING RECORD. 133 COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. THE NEW FAIRVIEW CORPORATION. THE following report by the superintendent, Mr. Chas. Ostenburg, has been submitted to shareholders: Gentlemen,—I herewith submit for your consideration the following report of the corporation's operations at the Stemwinder mine, Fairview, B.C., for the past six months, ending 31st January, 1902 : The construction operations, occupying the first four months, have been as follows : Taking down, moving and erecting the 16-stamp mill, formerly on the Tin Horn mine. Taking down, moving and erecting the 10-stamp mill, formerly on the Okanagan river, purchased by you from the Fairview Mining Co. Taking down, >moving and erecting your saw mill at the same mine. Taking down, moving and erecting the hoisting works, formerly on the property of the Fairview Mining Co. Taking down, moving and erecting bunk houses, assay and superintendent's offices, boarding house, etc. which amounted to about 600 tons of material. In addition, about two miles of pipe line was taken up and relaid, this work being in charge of another party. Exploration and development work consists of making stations at the three levels; crosscutting the vein at the third level; extracting the ore on the first level for the full width of the vein, in order to put in loading chutes, etc. Extracting the ore on the second level for a sufficient height to put in loading chutes, which are now in for 260 feet, which work will be continued to the end lines of the claim, after which the ore can be extracted at very low cost. Loading chutes have also been erected on the north ledge. All this work in the mine has been done within the past three months, and it will take a considerable time to finish the timbering referred to, but as the ore taken out in the widening of the drifts is nearly sufficient to supply the present mill, the mine is practically paying for its own development. At the present time there are over 3,000 tons of broken ore in the stopes of the second level, which has been broken down in addition to the 1,400 tons sent to the mill during the past month, and we. have used only two machine drills to accomplish this work. I have carefully examined the reports given the following engineers who have examined the mine, viz.: W. A. Carlyle, J. H. G. Riley, J. F. Bledsoe, Joseph J. Taylor, John H. Campbell and E. S. Thurston, all of which agree as to the large quantity of ore available. Mr. Taylor's report, which I am informed was obtained by the Bank of Montreal, is particularly valuable, isasmuch as he spent several weeks carefully sampling the mine in every portion opened up at the time, being to the second or 200-foot level. His samples to the number of 134, taken every eight feet in the drifts, gave an average assay value of $4.07 per ton of 2,000 lbs. In his report Mr. Taylor states that by taking some care in the extraction, that is, rejecting poor ore in the stoping and using it for filling back, an average of nearly $5.00 might be expected. On taking charge of your property, after a month's daily examination, as the work of arranging the stopes progressed, I concluded that as all the ore had sufficient value to pay milling charges, and as the values are so unevenly distributed throughout the veins, that it would pay better to extract the whole ledge matter than pay sorting charges. By breaking down the ore as it comes we are now able to supply the mill with only twelve men in the mine, and after the timbers and loading chutes are in, we could supply 200 tons per day, and keep the development work ahead with not more than 20 men in the mine. This would be an impossibility except for the very favorable conditions, some of which are as follows : 1st. The great width of the veins. 2nd. The walls enclosing the ore being extremely hard and solid, thus reducing the amount of timber required to a minimum. 3rd. The dip of the veins being such that no shovelling is necessary, after the chutes are in, as all the ore falls into them by gravity. 4th. The ore is of such a friable nature that we find it possible to operate 2^ inch (Baby) drills in the stopes. These machines are operated by one man instead of two (which the larger machines require), and three of them which we now have will keep the mill supplied with ore. 5th. This characteristic is also valuable in the mill as we can crush 25% more than the average. Two and a half tons per stamp is fair work. We are doing over 3 tons at the present time and using fine screens. By using 30-mesh screens, which I would recommend, provided you erect a small cyanide plant to treat the concentrates, the present mill will crush over 100 tons per day of 24 hours. With 20 stamps added there should be no difficulty in crushing 170 tons per day, using the screens mentioned. The object of using the fine screens at the present time was finer concentration in case of shipping the product. This means a greater loss in the tailings, as the lighter portion of the mineral goes over with the heavy sand. If you cyanide the concentrates we can catch all this lighter mineral as well as the heavy sand, which contains some values, allowing only the light sand to escape, thus reducing losses in concentration. This will reduce the value of the concentrates about half, but will give you three times the quantity we are saving at present. In testing the concentrates I find that we will be able to obtain a high extraction by using cyanide. The expense of such a plant as you would require would not be over $1,000. The quantity of ore available for the mill from the second level to the surface on the main vein, taking 16 feet as an average width (although at no point on the second level where it is opened is it less than 18 feet), and only taking the length of the present drift (840 ft.) is 147,000 tons. As there is good ore in both faces of the drift and the surface showings continue through the claim, it is only reasonable to expect that it will be the same as what has been opened, and we could therefore count on having 250,000 tons above the second level ot the main vein. Taking the width of the average from the third to the second level as 20 feet, the distance between levels being 104 feet, this level would supply 230,000 tons, for the length of the claim. The north ledge is 7 feet wide, and opened on both levels, and could be counted on for 50,000 tons. We could thus reasonably depend on having an ore supply sufficient to take 200 tons per day for many years. 134 THE MINING RECORD. I A pleasing feature of the main vein is, the gradual increase in width as depth is reached. On the surface it is 6 feet wide, on the first level 8 to io feet, on the second level 18 to 24 feet, and on the third level 31 feet. The value of the ore on the 3rd level so far as we have been able to prove it, is greater than on the other levels, as 77 assays taken every two feet as the work of drifting was continued, give an average of $6.33 per ton. Until more drifting is done on this level, and chutes • put in, as well as the necessary timbers, which must be large on account of the great width, it will be impossible to extract this ore economically. The work being done on the second level shows the ore to be increasing in value as well as in width, as we go westward the last average samples taken three days ago being $5.76 and $6.27 per ton. In an active experience extending over 38 years, I have never seen a quartz mine with the possibilities of the Stemwinder, coupled with so little risk. It is simply a question of quarrying and mining the ore cheaply, and I venture to say that nowhere in Canada can this work be done for so little money. I have no hesitation in stating, that with a mill capable of handling 300 tons per day, and with a small plant to treat the concentrates, that the total cost of producing the bullion would not exceed $1.75 per ton of ore, using steam, and if water or electric power is utilized, this can be reduced to $1.50 per ton. The increase of cost to furnish the ore for an additional 20 stamps would not be over 50 cents per ton, as the only additional labor required would be one extra man in the mill and three more men in the mine. In the present mill run we have been retarded in several ways. We had no snow until three weeks ago, and as our wood supply is taken from the hills above the mine, -.which are very steep, and the ground became frozen and icy, it was impossible to get it down, and we were compelled to fire the boilers with green wood, obtained where we could get it. At times it was impossible to obtain a supply, and we had to close the mill down on several occasions. Our chief difficulty, however, has been with the water supply. The dams were poorly constructed and leaked and we could not get enough to supply the mill. To overcome this difficulty, which was irreparable in the frozen condition of the ground, we caught the water in a small basin below the mill, after it had run through with the tailings, and pumped it back, using it a second time. This enabled us to run the mill, but at a certain loss of our values, as the water was not clean and would clog up the small spots on the vanners. When we had clean water the extraction went over 85%, but with this water the average extraction was only 73% of our values. By increasing the present water supply, which can be easily done by the addition of the water from Reed creek, of which your company have the water rights, and which will give you ample water for all requirements, as well as a considerable amount of power, I believe the extraction will reach 90% of the values. The mill returns are as follows : 26 stamps ran 30 days to 31st December; crushed 1,936 tons of ore taken from the dumps, which had to be removed for foundation to erect large rock breaker, etc., at the mine hoist, and which contained at least 40 per cent, of waste and wall rock taken out during development, and gave the following results : 63 ozs. Bullion at $12 03 $ 757 89 70 tons Sulphurets, at $46.75 3,272 50 Total yield saved $4,030 39 Average loss in tailings 1,486 56 39 per ton. $1 67 " $2 06 " 76 " Total value of dump ore $5,516 95 $2 82 " Extraction, 73 per cent. Twenty-six stamps ran 23 days in January; crushed 1,802 tons (402 from the dumps and 1,400 from the mine, 1,100 being from the second level).- Results : 101 ozs. Bullion at $14.53 $',467 53 61 tons Sulphurets, at $74.60 4,550 61 Total yield saved $6,017 04 Average loss in tailings 1,333 48 81 per ton. $2 53 " $3 34 74 F7,35o 52 $4 08 $2 82 per ton. Value dump ore. 4 44 " Value mine ore. Total value of ore Extraction, 82 per cent. To sum up : 2,358 tons from dump $6,650 59 1,400 tons from mine.... 6,216 88 In conclusion I would recommend that, as soon as the weather permits, you construct a flume or pipe line from Reed creek, install a small electric light plant, erect a small plant for the treatment of the concentrates, increase the number of stamps, at the same time continuing the development work, especially deeper, where the 'values are greater, and with careful management this property should pay very large profits. THE WAR EAGLE. The following is excerpted from the annual report of the directors submitted at a meeting of the shareholders held recently. As explained in the last annual report the pay ore of the main chute changes to low grade in the block between the 6th and 7th levels at a depth of about 800 feet. There was no evidence to indicate that this change was permanent, or anything but one of the usual low- grade stretches found in ore chutes, and every effort has been made to push exploration work at high pressure. A plan of deep and large scale development is being carried out, in the course of which the branching of the vein, together with complications caused by a system of heavy faults and dykes has greatly increased the delay and expense of exploring the vein. The closure of the War Eagle mine by a general labour strike has restricted the mining of vthe past year to a period of about seven months. This further loss of time leaves us still short of decisive results from the great depth of vein made accessible by the rapid shaft sinking. The shaft, 1,499 feet deep on December 31st, will reach the nth level point at 1,580 feet by the end of February, and sinking will then be suspended until decisive results are secured from the vein area then accessible. The levels are as follows :— 6th level 754 feet in depth. 7* " 881 " 8th " 1,057 " 9th " 1,228 " " ioth " 1,378 " " .nth " 1,580 " The 7th level is sufficiently developed for the present, showing the ore to be low grade. The 8th level exploration is not yet completed. The vein exposed by it so far is low grade or barren, but tbe work has not progressed far enough to be decisive, and there are still fair chances of finding pay. The 9th level is well under way, but has not yet reached the positions where ore is expected. The 10th and nth levels have not yet been started. Thus from the 7th to the nth levels a new depth of THE MINING RECORD. 135 700 feet on the vein is now accessible, and its exploration by levels is fairly under way. What its contents may be is yet unknown and is a matter of luck. That its possibilities are great is evident from the fact that the main chute down to the 6th level, a depth of 754 feet, has contained about 165,000 tons with a smelter's gross assay value of $3,100,000. From the nature of the ground it is impossible to see ahead or to make any prediction as to the chances of success or failure. That these chances justify the cost of exploring it to a decisive point is beyond question. Its contents, whatever they may be, will be reached as promptly and as cheaply as possible. Ore shipments began January 3rd, 1901, continuing until the strike July 12th, and were restricted to a rate sufficient to meet current expenses ; on resuming work in December, the Canadian Smelting Works found that its sampling plant, which was being reconstructed, had been so delayed by the failure of manufacturers to deliver machinery that it would be necessary to postpone the receipt of ore for several months. The ore shipments for the year amount to 19,864 tons, averaging $15.64 smelter's gross assay value. The average contents were 0.633 oz. gold, 1.08 oz. silver and 2.1 per cent, of copper. The ore reserves now on hand in the mine are estimated at about 25,000 tons of about $14 smelter's gross assay value (valuing copper at the price of 16.25 cents, which it has hitherto maintained). The following is excerpted from the accounts for the year ended 31st December : ASSETS. Mines and mineral claims , $1,699,329 39 Cash on hand and in bank Stores on hand as per inventory Machinery, buildings and equipment Furniture of offices Monita Gold Mining Co's stock Mugwump Gold Mining Co's stock Rossland Red Mountain Gold Mining Co's stock .... War Eagle Hotel Co's stock Accounts receivable Profit and loss • 2,579 72 18,122 44 224,300 91 1,882 04 89,589 94 28,275 68 56,190 20 12,500 00 25,734 12 242,730 54 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid up Bank of Toronto, Rossland George Gooderham 385,347 37 £2,401,235 00 £1,750,000 00 256,171 07 Accounts payable. 9,716 56 $2,401,235 00 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOU Dr. To Balance brought forward " Cost of mining and developing War Eagle " Fixed and general expenses while mine closed down " Rental paid Centre Star Co. for use of power plant for year " Loss of value, defective hoist and compressor, replaced or reconstructed " Diamond drill prospecting I' Interest and exchange " Managing Director's salary (2 years) "' Toronto office expenses " Auditor's fees ' Travelling expenses " Legal expenses " Trail smelter, examination expenses " Crown Point expense !' Richmond Group expense " Sundry expenses $143,051 56 .$■97,514 93 19,445 3,989 26,424 13,757 16,786 5,000 1,166 300 200 176 i,335 528 34 875 63 34 64 64 95 00 43 00 00 9i . 40 95 18 56 233,072 79 Cr By Net proceeds from ore sales '' Less Provincial ore tax .... $191,579 3,840 $430,587 72 99 95 " Transfer fees. " Balance -$187,738 93 118 25 242,730 54 $430,587 72 It will be noticed that the small tonnage of 19,864 tons shipped this year in comparison with the development work necessary, has made the development cost per ton heavy. It has also made each ton bear more of the general expenses than would be the case with a larger production. The results nevertheless show the improvement effected in cost of mining. EXPENSE PER TON OF ORE BROKEN. (Excluding Storage Ore)'. Expense Tons. Expenditure. per ton. Ore from development work 1,501 Ore stoped 17,910 $50,33610 $281 Expense of production 19,411 $50,336 10 $259 Expense of development 19,411 92,019 83 4 74 Total cost of mining I9,4H $142,355 93 $7 33 CROW S NEST PASS COAL CO. The fifth general meeting of sharehold-ers of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd., was held in Toronto, on March 7th, and the following- report of operations for the year ending Dec. 31st, 1901, was submitted : The net profits for the year, after paying all operating expenses, and all charges of every kind at head office and mines, amounted to $270,848.39. This amount has been derived from the various departments of the company's business, viz.: the sale of coal and coke, from waterworks, house rents, electric light, etc. After paying dividends at the rate of ten percent, per annum a balance of $28,142.89 has been carried forward to credit of profit and loss. During the year the company has issued $500,000 new stock (under the authority of supplementary letters patent, dated 19th February, 1901), at a premium of 60 per cent., and $300,000 premium paid in was also added to profit and loss account, mading a total sum at credit of that account (including-the amount already there from the earnings of 1900) of $517,017.41. The directors are pleased to state that the company's operations are progressing most satisfactorily under the management of an efficient staff, and they have reason to expect that still more satisfactory results will be shown at the end of the present year. Financial statement, 31st December, 1901. ASSETS. Mines, real estate, plant, development, etc. $3,086,415 61 Cash in bank $115,000 00 Accounts receivable 245,285 06 360,285 60 $3,446,700 67 LIABILITIES. Capital stock, paid up $2,500,000 00 Bills payable $219,032 04 Accounts payable 148,151 22 367,183 26 Dividend accrued, No. 4 62,500 00 Profit and loss : Balance at December 31, 1900 188,874 52 Added in 1901 328,14289 517,01741 $3,446,700 67 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. Balance at credit Dec. 31, 1900 $188,874 52 Net Profits for 1901, after deducting charges of management 270,848 39 Premium from sale of new stock 300,000 00 $759,722 91 APPROPRIATED AS FOLLOWS : Dividends, at the rate of ten per cent, per annum. No. 1 $55,205 00 No. 2.... 62,500 00 No. 3 62,500 00 No. 4...'. 62,500 00 $242,705 50 Balance carried forward to 1902 517,017 41 $759,722 91 III 136 THE MINING RECORD. In his address, the President^ the Hon. Senator Cox said: Gentlemen,—The coal produced during the year 1901 amounted to 425,457 tons, as compared with 220,458 tons in 1900. Of this tonnage 203,061 tons were sent to the company's coke ovens at Fernie, and produced 125,085 tons of coke, as against 73,496 tons made in 1900, while the balance of 222,396 tons was disposed of as merchantable coal, an increase over the previous year of 116,000 tons. During the year the company expended the sum of $2,265,548.06, of which sum the pay rolls amounted to $911,407.15, as against $419,037.09 in 1900. The additions to plant, new coke ovens, and for development work at Coal creek, Fernie, Michel and Morrissey, amounted to $830,165.57, including machinery and supplies; expenditure for freight was $346,092.41. The number of men actively employed at the company's works at the end of the year was 1,312, and it is expected that this number will steadily increase in proportion to the extension of operations. At Fernie 112 new coke ovens were built in 1901, making in all 424 at that point; the rate of progression being as follows : Ovens erected in 1898 50 Ovens erected in 1899 152 Ovens erected in 1900 no Ovens erected in 1901 112 424 212 212 While at Michel there were erected in 1961 the absurdity and untruthfulness of the statements that are being persistently circulated in an endeavour to convey the impression that the interests of the mining companies, the smelting companies, and others in British Columbia are being neglected or prejudiced by the sale of the company's product to American consumers and the opening up of railway communication to that important market. It must be quite clear to every fair- minded man, to every well-informed board of trade, and to every honest newspaper, that our present capacity being largely in excess of the requirements for Canada,. a large proportion of the two and one-half million dollars expended last year, and the largely increased expenditure proposed for the current year, would be unnecessary, and would have to be abandoned but for the railway that is being constructed and the markets that are being opened to the south of us. 1 wish to give an unqualified denial to the untruthful statements that have been persistently circulated, that British Columbia interests have been discriminated against, either in the price of the article, quality, or in the supply required, as such statements are entirely without foundation in fact, and are without doubt the work of interested parties. The following gentlemen were elected directors for the ensuing year: President, Senator Geo. A. Cox; vice- presidents, Robert Jaffray, Esq., Col. H. M. Pellatt, Elms Rogers, Thomas Walmsley, E. R. Wood, Wm. Hanson, David Morrice, Samuel Finley, J. D. Chipman, J. A. Gemmill, William Fernie. Making a total of 636 ovens at the present time, with a capacity of about 1,000 tons of coke per day. The material for additional ovens is already on the ground, so that no time may be lost when the building season commences, should the demand for this part of the company's product so warrant. The sales of coal for the year were $ • 644,253 44 And of coke 551,639 26 Total $1,215,89270 while for the preceding year they were : Coal $ 392,207 40 Coke 310,840 64 Total $ 703,012 04 A comparison of deliveries to Canadian smelters and of exportations since the beginning of operations may be interesting: Deliveries to Canadian smelters. Year. Coal. 1898 1,164 1899 9,724 1900 18,760 1901 42,036 Coke. Exp 323 Year 21,890 1899 29,641 1900 85,928 1901 Exported to the United States. Coal. . 118 ■ 8,925 .81,597 Coke. 21,580 28,051 35,407 Totals 71,684 137,728 Totals 90,640 85,047 Aside from the fuel supply for railways, the requirements for British Columbia, the Territories, and Manitoba—smelters and domestic use included—were : for coal, 174 tons, and for coke, 277 tons daily during the year. As has already been stated, our present capacity for coke is about 1,000 tons per day, or nearly four times the present requirements of British Columbia. Our present output or capacity for coal is also very largely in excess of any requirements that have been made upon us in British Columbia, and we are still expending large sums of money in the opening up and development of new mines at Michel and Morrissey creek. I have briefly referred to the above facts to show you CONSOLIDATED CARIBOO HYDRAULIC. In the report of last season's operations, the manager Mr. Hobson summarizes the work accomplished as follows : Total time occupied in washing in pit No. 1, 104 days, i}4 hours ; total quantity of water used, 258,250 miner's inches. Quantity of gravel washed — top deposits from upper bench, 2,417,162 cubic yards ; gravel from lower bench 3,126 cubic yards ; total quantity of gravel washed, 2,420,288 cubic yards ; average duty of water per miner's inch, 9, 37-100 cubic yards; gold product for season, 8,351 78-100 oz. (Troy); value of gold $142,275.51. The average yield of the upper bench, clay, gravel, and slide-rock, from which 1,687 78-100 ounces of gold were recovered, was 14 33-100, while the lower-bench gravel showed an average return of $1.27 per cubic yard of gravel washed. As previously stated, owing to the - short water supply, only a small quantity of the available bed-rock gravels were treated, in all about 3,126 cubic yards, from which was recovered coarse gold amalgam and nuggets to the value of $3,978, giving a very high return. As this water shortage left the balance of this high-grade bed rock to be treated during the coming season, the product is expected to reach a high figure this year. An attempt is being made to sell shares of the Similkameen Valley Coal Company in Eastern Canada and also, we believe, in Great Britain. We would strongly recommend prospective purchasers to exercise the utmost caution and to make very full enquiries before investing money in this concern. The coal so far discovered on the property is lignite, and therefore only relatively valuable for commercial purposes, while the mines have hardly entered even the prospect stage. Under the circumstances the shares have little intrinsic value and the scheme is an entirely speculative one. THE MINING RECORD. 137 B. C. IN LONDON. A FEW developments there are to report in connection with Btitish Columbia matters. The most important perhaps was the meeting held at the offices of the agent-general with the object of arranging a British Columbian dinner in London. This, which was a -very representative gathering, was held on Tuesday, 4th of March, and a. committee was formed composed of the following gentlemen :—Mr. Geo. S. Waterlow, D. L., J. P.; Mr. A. J. McMillan, Mr. K. N. McFee, Mr. C. G. Kekewich, Mr. Wm. Walter, Mr. C. H. Wilkinson, Mr. Robert Ward, Mr. Hewitt Bostock, Mr. Cecil Ward, Mr. W. Pellew-Harvey, Mr. C. K. Milbourne, Mr. O. Hickling, Mr. Oliver Wethered, Mr. C. V. Paull, the Hon. C. H. Mackintosh, the Hon. J. Turner being elected chairman of the committee. The dinner took place at the Whitehall rooms, on Tuesday, March 18th, the Right Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G., high commissioner ifpr Canada, presiding. The agent-general and those associated with him were well supported in their efforts to make the dinner thoroughly representative, and I understand it was businesslike in character. In addition to the work entailed in connection with the British Colombian dinner in London, the new agent-general has found time to lecture upon the Province before the members of the Royal Colonial Institute and the Imperial Institute. On both occasions he met with a -very hearty reception and made very interesting statements regarding the Province. I was present at the former lecture and was much gratified to note the very large attendance. Added interest was lent to the ■occasion by a number of splendid views of British Columbia which were thrown upon a screen, and which certainly helped to assist the agent- general in his efforts to describe the physical characteristics of the Province. At the lecture before the Royal Colonial Institute, Lord Strath- •cona presided, and, in introducing the new agent-general referred to the important steps which were being taken to reduce the time occupied in covering the distance between this country and the capital of the Pro- •vince. He also stated that as a result of Mr. Turner's very interesting lecture, his information regarding the Province had been materially increased, and he highly complimented the lecturer on the very able way in which he had dealt with a subject of such paramount importance. Developments in the stock markets have been few and far between. Le Rois have been very heavy and at the lowest point on record, at all ■events, since the company passed into the-hands of a British proprietary. The wrangle in connection with the past management of the company has continued, and Mr. Macdonald circulated the statement which he Tiad said he would publish, giving his version of this .many-sided story. It is satisfactory to find that on the whole Mr. Macdonald is hopeful aregarding the future of the property, but it is significant that notwithstanding his statements the shares have hung about in the neighbourhood of 4. The efforts to re-organize the Rossland Great Western and Xootenay Mining Cos. have made material progress, and it is evident that the shareholders now they have started will insist upon the properties being conducted on quite different lines in the future. At the meeting of the Rossland Great Western mine, Mr. J. A. -Fower explained the position taken up by his firm in the mit*er, and after Mr. Macdonald had made his statement upon the property and ■the chairman had stated that the present board were quite at the disposal of the shareholders, a committee was appointed to consider the proposal to re-constitute the board with an instruction to report the result to a further meeting of the shareholders to be held March 17th. The meeting of the Kootenay Mining Co. was practically a replica of the Rossland Great Western gathering, the shareholders in the result appointing a committee, and adjourning the meeting also until the 17th March, on which date the committee reported to the shareholders. During the meeting the chairman stated that he and his colleagues were in this case also quite at the disposal of the proprietors. The move- •ments in prices have been unimportant as a rule. One of the most •noticeable changes has been the sharp decline in Alaska Goldfields, ■whilst Hall Mines have been irregular. Another feature was the sharp recovery in the Le Roi No. 2, owing to the belief that this property will ultimately give a good result of itself. London and British Golum- •bia Goldfields have remained steady. In connection with this group much regret was expressed at Mr. Robertson's tragic death. The •question of the appointment of his successor is still, I believe, engaging the attention of the board. The Ymir continues to steadily pay quarterly dividends, the last one having been just announced. Despite the .general dullness of the market, Ymirs are thought so highly of that they •continue to maintain their quotation at over £2. At last the enquiry into the affairs of the London & Globe Insurance •Corporation is over, and another chapter in the history of this ill-starred -concern is closed. The important case which has yet to engage the attention of our Law Courts is eagerly awaited both in the stock exchange and in the city generally, as it is believed that it will result in a number of further interesting revelations regarding the modus operandi of the group, the downfall of which has done so much to retard the -development of the mineral resources of the Province. south on the two principal claims, averaging two feet or more in width, carrying free gold and tellurium. This vein can be traced without a break for over 400 feet, and outcrops occasionally for a long distance farther. The claim is situated about two miles north of the Post Lambert ledge, the first discovery in the district, made in the fall of'97. Cuts have been made at several points on this ledge tor the purpose of determining whether it carries its values down, and with highly satisfactory results in each instance. A tunnel has also been run in along the ledge for 125 feet or more giving at that distance a back of about 75 feet. By extending it a short distance farther a back of several hundred feet will be obtained. Development has sufficiently progressed to justify the erection of a mill. There is a magnificent water-power and plenty of timber in the immediate vicinity. The property is accessible at all seasons of the year by the Canadian route and during the summer season by the Nooksack or American route. The Chilliwack and Silicia creek way is the one used owing to its being at all times feasible, and because there is no intervening mountain to pass over as there is on the other road and trail. The president of this company is Mr. Elmon Scott, ex-chief justice of the Washington State supreme court, and the directors are also prominent Puget Sound men. The claims were surveyed in the summer of 1900, but development operations have been greatly retarded for want of a road over which to transport machinery. The building of the road to the Chilliwack crossing this season by the Dominion government has assisted in this respect very materially, and the owners, in company with the holders of other promising properties in the vicinity hope to see it extended soon to the boundary line, which will bring it right to the foot of the Red Mountain company's property. The company have also located a mill site and water-right on the American side of the line and have not fully determined yet which one will be used. The question of duties on mining machinery may have some considerable weight in determining this matter. Some of these properties, notably that belonging to the Pierce Gold Mining Company, lie on the British side of the line. It is firmly and generally believed that this district will forge rapidly to the front rank and become one of the most important mining sections in the Cascade range. If these expectations are realized it will contribute materially to the prosperity of the contributory territory on both sides of the line to the west. The great part of the district is more naturally tributary to the Canadian side. But great and determined efforts are being made in Whatcom county by building waggon roads and a railroad to attract as much of this trade as possible, and Canadians should equally bestir themselves. The Post Lambert properties above alluded to are situate on Bear mountain three or four miles south of the boundary in a direct line, but about ten miles by trail. This property is now owned by the Mt. Baker Mining Co., composed principally of Portland, Ore., capitalists, including the Hon. Henry Hahn, president of the chamber of commerce, and Mr. Leo Freide. Mr. Henry Stanislawsky is sup't. Until the latter part of last season supplies for the mine were taken in by the Canadian route. The trail was built by this company principally. With the extension of the B. B. & B. C. road to Hardan and the building of a waggon road to Shuksan, all supplies have gone in by the Nook- sack or American route. An effort to get machinery onto the property last fall was not successful. Part of it was taken to the mine but the heavier parts were stalled at the foot of the mountain over which it had to be taken. There is no mountain to go over on the Canadian route, but the trail is a much longer one since the building of the railroad and waggon road above mentioned. The effort to get the machinery over the mountain has just now been renewed. There are many other promising properties in the vicinity. One claim called the Lincoln, owned by Mr. Thomas Lay of Chilliwack, lies just north of the Red Mountain property; also the Gold Basin claim, situate just east, and owned by Messrs. Neville Smith, J. G. Carlisle, A. D. McGhan and Robert Hatfield of Chilliwack. Considerable development work has also been done upon the Pierce group of claims, of which Mr. George Pierce, sr., of Chilliwack, is the manager and superintendent. Work is steadily progressing and the extension of the waggon road built to the Chilliwack crossing, under the supervision of Messrs. Cruickshank and Kingkum, to the boundary line, would bring these properties all within direct and easy reach of British Columbia markets. MOUNT BAKER DISTRICT. THIS district which is one of great promise, is beginning to attract considerable attention and several properties are being -operated under company auspices. Among others the Red Mountain :Mining Co. is developing a ledge of white quartz running north and KAMLOOPS MINING NOTES. (Prom Our Own Correspondent.) PRINCIPAL developments of the past two months has been in connection with the transfer of a large group of claims on the cin-- nibar-bearing formation on Hardie mountain, some 24 miles west of Kamloops to a company recently organized in London as the Hardie Mountain Cinnabar Mining Co., Ltd. This company was organized by Mr. Ward, formerly of the law firm of Fulton & Ward, Kamloops, and now at Dashwood House, London. Mr. Thos. Luse, M.E., of Utah, has been placed in charge with a well-known local man, Mr. J. Fleetwood Wells, as manager. The latter has for many years operated the Glen, iron mine, as the demands for iron ore required, besides having done exploratory work on the Hardie Mountain and other properties, mainly for the Hall Mining and Smelting Co. Extensive buildings have been erected and under the capable management of the above named gentlemen it will soon be known what can be made of those cinnabar deposits, which are said to be the only extensive occurrences 138 THE MINING RECORD. in British territory. The cinnabar-bearing rocks are distinguished over some twenty miles of country. Operations have been resumed at the Glen iron mine, and regular shipments of high-grade magnetite are being made to Kootenay smelters. It was feared that the iron deposits at Kitchener would kill the demand for Kamloops ore, but the re-starting of the Glen iron mines indicates that this may not be the case. The Kamloops ore, besides its fine quality, contains appreciable gold values, said to average $4 per ton, which are saved when the iron is used as a flux, and which will probably enable it to hold its own with Kootenay iron as a smelter flux. The most satisfactory progress continues to be made in the development of the Iron Mask mine, and constant additions are being made to the buildings, equipment and staff. The syndicate being a semi-private one exact information is only given out in London. Occasional car loads of high-grade ore, taken out in development, are shipped to the Granby smelter. Two smelter projects are being exploited, and the promoters of one have asked the city for a bonus. The matter is yet under consideration and nothing definite is announced. It is uncertain when or in what place the dredger on the North Thompson river will be operated. The river is now clear of ice, but - several troubles have lately developed in connection with the dredge which will probably postpone operations. This is unfortunate as neither the benches nor Jamieson creek were tested in the short run made last fall. YMIR. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THERE is now every prospect that the town of Salmo, which marks one of the earliest mining camps in West Kootenay, will shortly experience a revival of the interest formerly extended to it. Two new and important sections of country are tributary to this camp, viz., the Bayonne and Lost Creek districts, both of which will be fields of systematic prospecting during the approaching summer. What is known as the Bayonne section takes its name from the Bayonne claim which is traversed by an immense vein of free-milling ore, and.is now bonded to Messrs. Finch and Campbell for $100,000. Since its discovery last fall a number of claims have been located in immediate vicinity, of which the Run Over and Turn Over are already bonded for the sum of $50,000 to C. P. Hill. In the Lost Creek section a number of fine copper and galena propositions are now in course of development. In addition to these new districts the Yellowstone mountain, named after the Yellowstone mine which has been crushing its ore for the last two years, is the centre of considerable activity. The Queen claim, adjoining the Yellowstone, has been leased and bonded to the Holman syndicate for $50,000, and is being rapidly developed along three levels. The vein is fifteen feet wide and carries rich free-milling ore. Up to the present four car loads of ore have been sent to the Nelson smelter, the values obtained being reported to run over $50 per ton. The Holmes syndicate has, however, now obtained the use of the Yellowstone mill for the treatment of its ore, and a steel tramway is being laid to connect the mine thereto. The Hideaway claim adjoining has the same vein, the width here being about twelve feet, and said to average $24 per ton. Another important item in the future of Salmo is the magnificent marble deposit now being exploited. Messrs. McArthur, Broadfoot, Thackleton and Simpson, have purchased 100 acres of land about six miles from Salmo, which is traversed for nearly half a mile by an immense marble deposit 600 feet wide. No less than seventeen different varieties of marble have been discovered, including the valuable pure black and pure white types. Specimens have been examined by eastern experts who have pronounced the quality to be equal to any yet discovered on the American continent. SLOCAN CITY MINING DIVISION. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THE month has been marked by the bonding of the Ottawa and Black Prince groups ; by tbe shipment of the highest grade car load from the Arlington, and unfortunately by soft weather and bad road's, which have seriously interfered with shipments. Ten-mile creek.—The Enterprise concentrator is giving better satisfaction and the mine is shipping steadily ; the Neepawa has also made two shipments this month, and it is understood that this group will be floated on the London market almost immediately. Twelve-mile creek.—The Paystreak has been the only shipper, sending out five tons of sacked ore valued at about $80 per ton. Springer creek.—The syndicate formed in Pittsburg for the purpose, have bonded the Ottawa group at the price of $40,000. The first payment of 10 per cent, has been made and supplies and material to last over the spring months are being rushed up to the mine. The Arlington is taking out about a car load of ore per diem, and during the month shipped one car—30 tons of extra ore. That ran 340 ozs. to the ton—as this means over $5,000 above all freight and smelter charges it must be considered very satisfactory. Prospectors who have claims on the lower levels are starting work and the owners of the Combination, a claim on Republic mountai n about a mile from Slocan, are showing up a big vein with good ore. Lemon creek.—The Duplex, on the First North Fork, is the only shipper, though the Fourth of July and the Legal are both stacking up ore. The winter's development in this section has been most satisfactory and it is well worthy anyone's investigation who is looking for properties in this district. On the Second North Fork, the bonding of the Black Prince group to Spokane people is the only item of interest. This is one of the most developed of our prospects and should make a mine. The total shipments from the district amount to aboiit 1,300 tons from eight properties, of which four are new on the shipping list. SALE OF THE SILVER CUP. (From Our Own Correspondent.) TWO very important deals have just been made in this locality. The Silver Cup with some seven or eight adjoining claims and fractions, has passed into the hands of Messrs. W. B. Pool and J. J. Young, who are acting for the English capitalists already so deeply interested in the Nettie L. and the large group of claims owned by the Double Eagle Co. The consideration is said to have been $500,000, and it is more than probable that the purchasers have bought it very cheaply, as the mine has been very extensively developed, has shipped and is still shipping high grade ore, and is one of the oldest and best "known properties in the district. The second deal is that of the Triune, which has been bonded to Mr. McCrossan, manager for the Vulcan smelting furnace, and will be worked for all it is worth in the coming summer. The furnace itself, though quite complete, will not be blown in for a month or two on account of the difficulty of obtaining sufficient flux. We know where there is plenty, but nothing can be done till the snow goes off the hills. RECENT PUBLICATIONS. The Copper Handbook. A Manual of the Copper Industry of the United States and Foreign Countries. Vol. II. Horace J. Stevens. Houghton, Michigan, 1902. Octavo, cloth, $2; Morocco, $3. IN many respects this is is a very useful reference work and contains much valuable information. The opining chapters discuss the history of copper mining, the " chemistry and mineralogy of copper," and the " metallurgy of copper," and are general in character, but the bulk of the volume is given up to descriptions of important copper mines in the United States and other countries, and statistical data. The information regarding Canadian mines is, however, very meagre and unsatisfactory. Under the heading, " Leading Foreign Mines," the following British Columbia mines are mentioned : Le Roi, War Eagle, Britannia, Silver King, Van Anda and Monitor. Neither the Britannia nor Monitor should be included in this classification, while it is to be noted that none of the really important British Columbia copper mines are alluded to at all. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. THE Canadian General Electric Company at their annual meeting the other day decided to apply to the Dominion Government for an increase in their capital stock from $2,000,000 to $3,000,- 000, though the proposition is to issue at present not more than $500,- 000. The directors' report stated that the volume of business transacted during the past year had been much larger than ever before in the company's history. The balance at credit of profit and loss was stated to be $612,028.94, which is made up of $345,000.03 profit on operating (an advance of thirty per cent, over 1900), $195,000 premium on new shares issued, and $71,038.91 brought forward. From this amount of dividends of ten per cent, on the common stock and six per cent, on the preferred stock, amounting to $166,750, were paid; $100,000 was added to reserve fund, which now stands at $365,000; $100,000 transferred to contingent account; the sum of $77,680.27 remains at the credit of profit and loss, and the large sum of $167,598.67 has been written off. The directors were re-elected as follows : W. R. Brock, M.P., president; H. P. Dwight, 1st vice-president; Frederic Nicholls, 2nd vice- president and managing director; Hon. Geo. A. Cox, J. K. Kerr, K.C., Rudolphe Forget, W. D. Matthews, Herbert S. Holt, E. B. Osier, M.P., Robert Jaffray, James Ross and Sir W. C. Van Home. A NEW METALLURGICAL FIRM. Mr. W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., and Mr. E. Nelson Fell, A.R.S.M., M.A.I.M.E., have entered into partnership as mining and metallurgical engineers under the style of Pellew-Harvey & Fell. Mr. Pellew-Harvey has had several years active practice as consulting engineer, etc., covering the fields of Nova Scotia, British Columbia and the Western States of American, in addition to which he held the position for gome time as metallurgist in charge of the Vancouver branch of the Provincial Government assay office, and has now exceptional opportunities for obtaining information with reference to mining and ore treatment in those fields. Mr. Fell has had an experience extending over a period of 20 years in Brazil, also in the Southern States, and more especially in the Western States of America and Canada, with a special practical knowledge of and experience in the designing, erection THE MINING RECORD. 139 and care of mining plants and the management of properties.—London Mining Journal. THE LONGEST jERIAL TRAMWAY IN THE WORLD. The contract for the machinery of an /Erial Wire Rope Tramway connecting the Ferris-Haggerty group of mines with the Boston-Wyoming smelter at Grand Encampment, Wyo., has been let to the Messrs. A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., of St. Louis, Mo. The tramway to be installed, which will be 16 miles long, is the Leschen Company's patent, which operates automatically in receiving and discharging. This will be the longest aerial tramway in the world. There are numerous tramways of the Leschen Co's patent automatic type now in successful operation throughout the mining regions PERFORATED METALS. The Allis-Chalmers Co., Chicago. 111., have issued catalogue No. 7, (ninth edition) under the above designation. The firm anticipating the increasing demand for perforated metal has added to its works the latest improved machinery for the manufacture of plates of all thickness in iron, copper, brass, steel, zinc, tin and other metals, with size of perforators proportioned to thickness, and spaced if required, as close as the thickness of metal permits. Perforated metals are far superior to wire cloth, being much stronger, more uniform in size of hole or mesh, and less liable to tear or rust out. In case of breakage they are easily repaired without aftecting the entire sheet, while in trie case of wire cloth a break extends over the whole sheet, changing the mesh and making it unfit for use. It is often desirable to arrange screens with certain portions blank. This can easily be done when perforated metals are used, but is, of course, impossible with wire cloth. Unlike wire cloth, perforated metal presents a perfectly smooth surface, allowing the grain, ore or other material to pass over it smoothly and quickly. It is not as liable to become clogged, making it much more satisfactory for sizing, cleaning and separating. The illustrations of perforated plates in this catalogue show exact size and styles of perforation. o MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. RE shipments from the Boundary District for the year to March 21st, inclusive, aggregate 88,127 tons, were as follows : Granby Mines, Phoenix 54i968 Snowshoe : 660 Mother Lode, Deadwood 3T.464 Winnipeg, Wellington 395 Golden Crown 39° No. 7 Mine, Central 250 Total tons 88,127 Granby smelter treatment, tons 53>328 Mother Lode smelter treatment, tons 31,166 LARDEAU. The Lardeau Eagle publishes the following statement of production to date from this district: Name. Pounds. Silver Cup 2,400,000 Nettie L 1,760,000 Triune 649,776 Beatrice 442,000 Gross Value. $180,000 00 63,380 00 82,870 27 32,239 39 Pounds. Great Northern 56,000 Broadview 52,000 Ethel 34,000 Cromwell 23,289 Ophir-Lode 12,000 Metropolitan 17,974 St. Elmo 12,000 Ruffled Grouse 11,770 Linson View 868 Gross Va ue. 1.344 00 1,664 00 1,596 00 1,296 79 i>32° 00 726 00 510 00 507 19 63 17 COAL EXPORTATIONS. EXPORTATIONS of coal from Vancouver Island collieries during February were distributed as follows :— Tons. Ladysmith 14,996 Comox 9,395 New Vancouver Coal Co ^6,374 Total 40,765 THE METAL MARKET. THE market during the month has been somewhat dull and without incident. Silver quotations are stationary at 54X> which is lower than last month's average. Copper has ruled quiet and few transactions are reported. Quotations remain unchanged at 12^ @ 12'-^ for lake, 12 @ l2.y% for electrotytic in cakes, wire bars and ingots, l\% @ \\7/% in ccltiodes and 12 @ 12^ for basting copper. London prices greatly depressed. Lead is dull and unchanged at 484.05, St. Louis, 4.05 @ 4 10, New York. The latest London quotations are £11 ios. @ £11 12s. 6d. Spelter has been in fair demand at 4.10, St. Louis, 4.25, New York. THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. BUSINESS during the month has been somewhat dull but notwithstanding a strong effort to bear certain stocks, there have been no noticeable depreciations in values. Rossland sales during March aggregate about 200,002 shares, and in Spokane about the same number of transactions are reported. In the Victoria and Vancouver markets a fine eastern business has been done. Republic stocks have been largely enquired for, and several large blocks of Republic have sold at from 10 to 11, Black Tail at 12 to 13, and Lone Pine at T%. Among British Columbian shares, Rambler-Cariboo is firmly hefd at 85 to 87, and it is reported that the monthly dividend will shortly be increased for I to I J_ cents per share. Payne has sold from 24 to 27. Centre Star is fairly active at ftom 35 to 38, while White Bear has sold at 3X to 3%, Iron Mask at 18 and War Eagle at 11 to 12 Boundary stocks are quiet, Granby being quoted at $3, $1.75 ; Morrison 4, 2^; and Winnipeg 5, 3M. Fairview, as a result of a report that additional capital has been secured to enable the company to increase the crushing cppacity of the mill and also on account of ehe favourable condition of the mine has been latelp in considerable demand, and it is difficult to find sellers at present prices. Cariboo-McKinney is weak at 22, 26. East Kootenay stocks are steady, Crow's Nest has advanced to 90 bid, and Sullivan is quoted at 10 and North Star at 24 to 25. ^BLEICHERT Wire Rope Tramway MORE BLEICHERT TRAMWAYS IN USE THAN ALL OTHERS. MANUFACTUERD BY THE TRENTON IRON CO., TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. ILLUSTRATED BOOK ON APPLICATION. Engineers and Contractors and Sole Licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also Wire Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist Conveyors, Surface and Undergronnd Haulage, Etc New York Office: COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 BURLING SLIP. Chicago Office: 1114 tyONADNOCK BUILDING. THE MINING RECORD. .FOE. S-A-XjIE. A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator, 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine. The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. L. PARNACOTT&CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Walthamstow, England, Beg to notify „ Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of Good Experienced Miners From several parts of the continent. Seeds, Trees, Plants, Bulbs FOR SPRING PLANTING. Agricultural Implements, Bee Supplies, Fruit Baskets, Fertilizers. While Labour Only. Send for Catalogue. M. J. HENRY, 3009 Westminster Road, - - VANCOUVER, B. C. B. H. HURST, Victoria, B. C. Correspondents on the Principal Exchanges of the World. " Data," a monthly Financial Paper, sent Free to any address upon application. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, 3_«_CI-LSri_LSrGr- BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C. WANTED. Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in British Columbia. Apply "A," Box 246, Victoria, B. C. Mining Property for Sale in British Columbia. Tenders are invited for the whole property, including Crown granted claims, mill site, cyanide mill, (capacity 45 to 50 tons daily), tramway, assay office, laboratory and full equipment, of the Toronto Lillooet Gold RJeefs Company, Limited, situate in the Lillooet district oi British Columbia, including the Ample, Whale, Monarch, and Welland Vale mines, which are Crown granted, also the North Star, the Golden Stripe, Golden Eagle, Ruby and Jumbo mineral claims, in the same district, together with a ten- stamp mill, machine drills and other equipments. Cash tenders for the whole property are requested but offers on working options or for portions of the property will be considered. From the former group 950 tons of ore has been milled, with an assay value approximating $10.00 to $11.00. Wagon road from railroad to mill. The whole of the above will bear looking into and investigating, and are an exceptionally important and valuable group of claims with full working equipment. Full particulars may be had on application to Edgar Bloomfield, Liquidator. P. O. box 743, Vancouver, B. C. Simmons Patent Double-Jointed, Bail-Bearing Giants NO CENTER BOLT. With Weighing Attachment. Paul Ball Hill. Rock Breakers, Rolls, etc. Oil Well Machinery and Snpplies. Sole Agent for Ingersoll-Sergeant Rock Drills and J\ir Compressors BULLOCK DRILLS- ALL STEEL CONSTRUCTED. PARKE & LACY CO., 21 & 23 Fremont Street, SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. Sole Agent for KNOWLES' PUMPS and PULSOMETER PUMPS. Deflectors, Retorts, Water Gates, Hydraulic Water Pipe, Valves, elc, THE MINING RECORD. COAL MINES REGULATION ACT. BOARD OF EXAMINERS. Notice is hereby given that the following constitute the Board of Examiners for the Morrissey Mine during the year 1902 :— Appointed by the Owners [ [^ R" Pearson- B Alternates Appointed by the Lieutenant- Governor in Council Thomas M. Morton. H. F. Martin. \ (2) R. M. Wilson. William Stainsby. Elected by the Miners f (1) John Hadd \ (2) Aug. Johns Alternates VDDOW. s'SON. / (1) John Leslie. \ (2) Ralph Wilson. Note.—Alternates act as Members of the Board in the absence of those regularly appointed or elected to aci thereon. All persons interested may obtain full information by applying to the Secretary of the Board, Mr. William Stainsby, of Morrissey, B. C. Dated this 21st day of February, 1902. MALLCOTT RICHARDSON, Secretary, Department of Mines. COAL MINES REGULATION ACT. BOARD OF EXAMINERS. Notice is hereby given that the following constitute the Board of Examiners, for the Comox Mines during the year 1902:— a • . j u tu ,-> f (1) Richard Short. Appointed by the Owners | W DaV[d WalkeR- Alternates I (l) JAMES Stran,°- ^uernaces -^ ^j AlexanI)ER SOMERVILLE. Appointed by the Lieutenant- j WlLLIAM jOHNSTON. Oovernor in Council ) i •cm I j t. .u -mt- f (!) James Reid. Elected by the Miners | W JQHN Cqmb Alternates (1) Thomas Doherty. (2) Richard Coe. Note.—Alternates act as Members of the Board in the absence ot those regularly appointed or elected to act thereon. All persons interested may obtain full information by applying to the Secretary to the Board, Mr. William Johnston, of Cumberland, B. C. Dated this 24th day of February, 1902. MALLCOTT RICHARDSON, Secretary, Department of Mines. COAL MINES REGULATION ACT. BOARD OF EXAMINERS. Notice is hereby given that the following constitute the Board of Examiners for the Michel Mine during the year 1902 :— a • . j u ._ ^ f (1) D. Evans. ■ Appointed by the Owners | j| Charles Simister. / (1) Thomas Corkhill. Alternates | ^ E H jjebenst.reit. Appointed by the Lieutenant- "1 tt.„..t ■£■,,.„- G,—, ., r £/VAW IjVArJo overnor in Council J _m . j u .L »«• f (1) Edward Simister. Elected by the Miners j W W]LLIAM Almond. Alternate—Edward Large. Note.—Alternates act as Members of the Board in the absence of those regularly appointed or elected lo act thereon. All persons interested may obtain full information by applying to the Secretary to the Board, Mr. Evan Evans, of Michel, B. C. Dated this 21st day of February, 1902. MALLCOTT RICHARDSON, Secretary, Department of Mines. EXAMINATION FOR ASSAYERS FOR LICENCE TO PRACTISE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. In accordance with section 12 of the Bureau of Mines Act, examinations for efficiency in the practice of assaying will be held at Nelson, B. C, on 21st April, 1902, and on such following days as may be found necessary. Examinations will cover the following subjects, and candidates must be prepared to be examined in all of these subjects:— {a.) Sampling : Sampling of ores or furnace products and the reduction and preparation of samples for assay, including also the melting of gold dust and sampling of bar for assay. {6.) Qualitative Determination : The qualitative determination of the common elements in ores and furnace products. (c.) Quantitative Determination—Assaying: Bullion—Gold bullion, for gold and silver ; Copper bullion for copper, gold aud silver; Lead-copper bullion, for lead, copper, gold and silver. Coal: Determination of moisture, volatile combustion matter, fixed carbon, ash and sulphur. Ores and furnace products : Fire assays— Gold, silver and lead. Wet, and combined wet and fire assays— Gold and silver, by combined method. Copper, by electrolitic, colormetric and volumetric (cyanide or other approved) methods. Nickel, by electrolitic method. Iron, lead, lime, zinc, sulphur and silica, by any approved wet methods. The mineralogical determination of a number of simple mineral substances. Entrance for Examination. Entrance for any examination must be made in writing to the Secretary of the Board of Exaftiiners, at least ten days before the date set for beginning of examination, and must be accompanied by the prescribed fee ($10). Certificate. A certificate of efficiency in assaying will, upon payment of the prescribed fee, ($15), be issued to each successful candidate, which certificate shall be considered as a licence to practise assaying in British Columbia ; and notice is hereby given that only those holding such certificate of proficiency or licence will be allowed to act as assayers in this Province, under penalty, as provided by the Act. Exemption from Examination. In accordance with sub-section (2) of section 12 of the Act, graduates of certain Schools of Mines and Colleges may be exempt from examinations, and may, upon satisfying the examiners, as provided in the Act, receive such certificate of competency or licence, upon payment of the fee therefor ($15.00).. The elgamination will consist chiefly of the practical assaying of samples, and while the Department of Mines will provide all the apparatus and chemicals usually necessary, it will not undertake to provide any special or unusual appliances or chemicals which might be called for, and if a candidate should require such he will have to provide them at his own expense. Candidates must provide themselves with such platinum ware and sets of weights as they may require. The Department of Mines will make no charge for the use of chemicals or apparatus, but a candidate will be charged for all breakages or unnecessary loss caused by him. Any additional information desired may be obtained from H. Carmichael, Secretary, Board of Examiners, Victoria. E. G. PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B. C, 18th March, 1902. I THE MINING RECORD. City of Victoria. Victoria is the METROPOLIS OF WESTERN CANADA, the natural gateway of the overland and trans-Pacific trade, • and ranks already in importance as the third port of shipping in the Dominion. It is the leading; mining centre of the Pacific Coast, the place where mining properties are bought and sold, and from which they are operated and supplied, from Dawson City to the boundary line. Mining on" Vancouver Island, in the districts contributory or adjacent to the City of Victoria, has during the past year; made great forward strides — so much so, indeed, that a syndicate of expert copper metallurgists of that great copper centre, . Butte, Montana, having become favourably impressed with the situation and prospects, that, under their auspices, a smeltei of 400 tons daily capacity to treat Vancouver Island ores is to be immediately set up at Osborne Bay, while works of a similar character are also in contemplation at Ladysmith, including converters for the production of blister copper, and with both of which points Victoria is in intimate commercial relations. It is DIRECTLY CONNECTED with the terminal points of the great transcontinental railways, and will be itself, within a very short period, the terminus of the Great Northern Railway. Its connecting link with the Mainland will be the Victoria & Sidney Railway and a first-class railway ferry service, over which passenger and freight trains from the Bast will be conveyed into the heart' of the City. It is exipeeted that, by means of this link, trains of no less than three transcontinental lines will, in the near future, deliver their passengers and freight directly into Victoria. Surrounding the City Is AN EXTENSIVE DISTRICT ABOUNDING IN GAME of all kinds—deer, pheasant, grouse, qua'l and larger game—and affording Innumerable opportunities for fishing and boating and other delights of the sportsman. Electric- cars run to Esquimalt, three miles distant, where the station of the North Pacific Squadron of H. IM. Navy and naval stores are located, and also to Oak Bay and other suburban resorts which are famed for their picturesque beauty. A first-class system of free-school education, including a department for manual -training, is in operation, upon which upwards of $60,000 is spent annually, and about 3,000 pupils are taught by thoroughly qualified teachers. The fact that the City is THE SEAT OB1 THE PROVINCIAL- GOVERNMENT AND OP THE SUPREME OOURT, AND THE PLACE OP RESIDENCE OP THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR imparts an eclat to prom'nent social functions, which is usually heightened as well by the presence of the Admiral and the Officers of H. M. Navy and Royal Canadian Militia. One of the chief glories of the City is its beautiful BEAOON BQEEJL PARK and recreation grounds, where, to the incomparable site that Nature has provided, the skill of man has added a wealth of arboreal, floral and other artistic embellishments. It possesses a CLIMATE as temperate as that of the South of England, flowers blooming in the gardens nearly all winter. Extremes of heat and cold are almost entirely unknown. Its atmosphere is laden with invigorating ozone from the sea. The death rate is only* ten in every thousand. Ague and malaria are here unknown. Its SCENIC ENVIRONMENT is unsurpassed. The landscape is clothed in a mantle of! perennial green. Fronting the harbor, and out from the blue waters of the Straits of Juan de Puca, the massive forms of the Olympian mountain range lift their hoary heads to the sky. To the west and north a panorama of cultivated fields, winding streams, placid lakes, wooded hills, and land-locked arms of the sea present a picture upon which the eye delights to dwell. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the tyunicipal Council, Victoria, B. C, will receive Prompt attention. RICHARD H. PARKINSON Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. FAIRYIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys, FOR SALE. The following machinery is offered for sale cheap for cash : A 4-Stamp Mill (two batteries) shoes, dies, pulleys, etc., I Harbour Concentrator, a 25 horse-power Engine, a 15 horse-power Boiler, manufactured by the Joshua Hendy Machine Works Co. of San Francisco. The above machinery has been in very little use, and is in perfect condition. For full information, apply in the first instance to the manager B. C. Mining Record, P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at worl^ in British florin and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. laO ;»* **"*: M t>e*s* Goli> ipil w & COm ^_n^ Ltd Telegraphic Address : | Lobnitz, Renfrew." A1 Code used. THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA THE MINERAL PROVINCE OF CANADA. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Coal, Coke, Oil, Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines ot British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000 Amount and Value of Mineral Products for 1899, 1900 and 1901. Customary . Measure. 1899. 1900. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7,722,591 21,862,436 1,306,324 34,251 $1,344,900 2,857,573 1,663,708 1,35",453 878,870 3»9i8,972 171,255 206,400 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 $1,278,724 3.453,38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,691,887 4.318,785 425,745 251,740 $16,344,751 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 30,736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 $ 892,500 2,704,200 2,624,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4.587,630 673,800 309,030 (< .. (. * * * f $12,393,131 $20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131 ; for 1900, $16,344,751 ; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have rendered the working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of " poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and an the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a Tevival of this important industry. . HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts of money are being installed in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1900. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODGE GOLD MINING is now being prosecuted in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir, Cariboo- McKinney, and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORBS are being extensively worked at Rossland by the Le Itoi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone i0 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILViER-LBAD.—The silver production of the province in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent., while the lead production increased 206 per cent, largely derived from properties in East Kootenay, rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland. where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this (branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost unlimited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show. a very considerable copper, production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on theOoast, in the Similkameen valley, etc.. give great promise. IRON.—"With the great probability of aai iron-smelting "plant on the Northern Pacific 'Coast in the immediate future, what 'promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. •OOA1L AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19.234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1,500 to 2,000 tons of eoal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal and 51,757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMQQLTBRS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and 'Van Anda; while this coming year will probably see one erected in Bast Kootenay and two others on the Coast. Refineries are as yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—{Japital can now find here many, excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper \ business care is used, and the experience of competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LANOS.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over IS years of age, who has obtained a free mineris certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information, reports, .bulletins, etc., address The Hon. The Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C F. Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B.C. W. THE MINING RECORD. ____JJo The Future Smelting centre of the Northwest coast. Situated at Osborne Bay, on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, tbe terminus of the Lenora-Mount Sicker Railway. Lots will be placed on the market in a few days. For particulars apply to Lenora Mount Sicker Copper. Mining Company, Limited, Non-Personal Liability, MacGregor Block, Victoria. omr* roftoe A Modern Matting and Converting Plant for copper ores. A large Mining District in the immediate vicinity An Unrivalled Harbour with secure anchorage. The Terminus of the Mount Sicker tramway. EAST KOOTENAY NINES AND MINING STOCK. Coal, Petroleum and Timber and in British Columbia. McVITTIE & HUTCHESON, Cranbroofc, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bank of British North America, VcinCOUVer, B.C/. SEATTLE ^melting \ Refining Co. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver ; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrattor. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. Concentration Op KUIx Qpes. The finest work is done by the HOOPER PNEUMATIC SYSTEM. ADDRESS : General Concentrates Company 517 W. 30th St., NEW YORK CITY. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. QHN i SMELTING DEPARTMENT. INLLoUllj j purchases COPPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. B.C. WANTED. We are open to act as Fiscal Agents in Boston and New England for the sale of the Treasury Stock of a good Mining Company. Address with full particulars Edward Hedges & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. ,£10 REWARD Will be given to any person who will put Donald Stewart, i Smith Terrace, • Wick, Scotland, N. B., in communication with his brother, DAVID RUSSELL STEWART, who was last known to be in the Totumo Mine, Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward paid from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E.w!§| THE MINING RECORD. ALLIS-CHAilfflali Milwaukee,"*-^ &&gjiWMk- Ch,cW» Pfeg &P&§_feS$_^lP?P£:1 ^5»Sfi_9(ME^I^ BUILDERS OF HOISTING ENGINES (STANDARD AND SPECIAL DESIGN) -Hi Description, of Hoisting Engine built for the Le Roi Mining Company This engine embodies the latest principles in hoisting engine construction, and consists of two 24 inch by 60 inch Corliss engines with two drums 10 ft. diameter by 5 ft. fa.ce mounted directly on the crank shaft. Each drum is equipped with a powerful band friction clutch and a powerful post brake operated by steam. The engine is'provided with special valve gear for hoisting engine work, and is controlled by link reversing gear operated by an auxiliary engine. It is furnished with all devices for proper handling and safety. Maximum capacity 14,500 lbs. unbalanced load raised at 2,000 ft. per minute with 100 lbs. steam pressure. s A LTI AKfc jm. Dooly ? Blorii^ l&Ms&J&M- JQtefC^ U)NDON.ENft^^I^Uod House. THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. ITY BRITISH COLUHBIA. ■■:'M Situated on 20-mile creek, Similkameen river. (Owned by the Hedley City Syndicate.) Nickle Plate Mountain is the most talked about mineral section of British Columbia to-day, and hundreds of people all over the northwest are preparing to go there at an early date. On this mountain lies the famous Nickel Plate mines, which many mining men consider the greatest prospective mining property in Canada; here also lies the great Kingston Warhorse, Rollo Banner and other noted properties with wonderful large, rich bodies of ore. Thousands of dollars will be expended in . their development during the coming summer. At the base of this mountain and close to all the noted mines lies the townsite of Hedley City. This town is the only supply point for the mines of this district. The government is building roads to the townsite. Trails to the mines are being built rapidly and a large force of men are being employed. The new railroad down the Similkameen will be built to Hedley City at an early date and in a very short time this place will present a scene of activity seldom witnessed. Many predict it will be the greatest mining camp in the northwest Lots are expected to sell at very high figures within a few months. It is but a short time ago that lots in Rossland, Greenwood, Nelson, Phcenix and Sandon, which are now worth thousands of dollars, were selling at the same prices as are now being asked for lots in Hedley City, and the same thing is certain to be repeated at this place. Until the first day of May lots will be sold at from $100 to $150, on easy terms. After that date the prices will be more than doubled. Lots are selling very rapidly. Intending purchasers should make immediate application in order to secure the most desirable locations. We have made a personal examination of the property and can assist purchasers in their selection. Maps of the surrounding country, plan of townsite, location of mines, samples of ore, etc., may be seen at this office. R. H. PARKINSON, Manager and Trustee. FAIRVIEW, B. C. For Terms and Prices address: R. H. Parkinson, general manager and trustee, Fairview B C • E Bullock- Webster, agent, Keremeos; J. H. Yates, Spokane, Wash, U.S.A.; G. Alers-Hankey, Vernon; Oliver Fetherston- haugh, Hedley City. THE MINING RECORD. TOWNSITES. The Mining and Commercial Centre for the zvhole Similk ameen; SIMILKAMEEN CITY Situated in Camp Hedley, close to the Nickel Plate, Kingston, Sunset and Pollock Groups of Mines, and Stirling Creek Copper Camp. Town Lots on t\\e IVjarket at a very Low Figure wl]icl] will shortly rise 50 per cent. PRICES : $75 to $150, In three payments: one-tliird cash; one-tliird in three it|onth,s; on,e- third in, six months. This townsite is located in the Similkameen Valley, half way between .Keremeos and Princeton, on the main government wagon road, which forms the main street. Its geographical position is a natural one, comprising several large flats, which extend from the base of the mountains in a fan-shaped area on a gentle slope of the Similkameen river. It is protected from all opposition, by a large Indian reservation on the east and southeast, which extends over seven miles along the Similkameen valley in Camp Hedley. The Townsite Company own all the adjoining land on the west, besides large timber limits for building purposes, which is the only available timber in Camp Hedley for saw-mills. Already a lerge number of lots have been sold, on which the purchasers intend to erect buildings. The townsite is all cleared and ready for building purposes, being surveyed off into lots, and blocks on modern principals, and Crown granted, the main street being 90 feet wide. The townsite is situated on the location line of the V. V. & E., Columbia & Western, and the Coast-Kootenay Railways, in fact all roads, railroads, telegraph and telephone lines have to go through it, as it is the only available pass from the interior to the coast, which in view of the enormous mineral wealth surrounding it, is in itself a sufficient guarantee of its future prosperity. Camp Hedley and the surrounding mining camps, are considered by mining engineers of repute, to embrace the richest mining section in the Province, and Similkameen City is therefore the mining and commercial centre of this important part of British Columbia. Now is the Time to Buy Town Lots, they will Never be as Cheap Again. This is an Investment and no Speculation. For further particulars apply to Feank Bailey, gen'l mgr. Greenwood, Fairview and Similkameen City. Head Office: 4 Wallace-Miller Block, Greenwood. H. M. Keefeb, general agent. Other agencies at Rossland, Nelson, Victoria, Vancouver, and all Boundary towns, as well as at Toronto, Ont. Spokane Wash., and other important cities. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J C GWILLIM, B. Sc Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B. C. mining districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, 'Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B.C. Code—Bedford-McNeii. P. O. Box 4-3. john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO., MINING and OIVIL ENGINEERS pi rtrtAM r» r* and LAND SURVEYORS. oLUUAlN, D. \j>. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. TUP YMIP rMCTPI_"*T Is bem£raP'dlycognized inC I IVII r_ L_rlO I imlw I as affording the best mining investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A W. MORE & CO., Ltd. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeill's, Moreing & Neal's, Clough's, and A. B. C, Fourth Edition. 86 GOVERNMENT STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALK EM, B.Sc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer. Reports made Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Mech. Eng. of England. Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of Ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $i0; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year. Send for circular. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. B. H. HURST & CO'Y ? Mill ♦ ....*■ Bankers : C. B. of Commerce. 1 Codes : Clough ; Moreing & Neil. 16 TROUNCE ALLEY. VICTORIA, B. C § McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. Nlchols, A.R.S.M. Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis. Prompt attention to samples by mail or exprres. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying.ifl Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, M™nsrc0c?udariho° §1 Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON," Ashcroft, B. C THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T HA ULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, nPFICF • I8, 9 and IO> UfifiICH. yKtW,C. Block, Nelson, B. C. J. S. TYRRELL, HI. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON. CANADA. Cable Address : "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. H. MCGREGOR. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors -A-ND CIVIL ENGINEEBS, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA £25 NELSON. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GKRBIEIStW'OOP, B. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept- Regu.ar.y Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. Helga Gold and Copper Mining Co'y. Mines situated in Vancouver, B.C., District. CAPITAL, $1,000,000. PAR VALUE, $1.00. Office, 75 Sullivan Building V. R. PIERSON, President. J. A. FREEMAN, Secretary M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson. A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. HOLDICH, Analytical Chemist ■- Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal and Iron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral ana many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. SELilABLiE ASSAYS. $ .50 Gold and Silver $.-75 .50 Gold. Silver and Copper... 1.50 Gold.. Lead. Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B. O. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis ysis a specialty. Reports made ou Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. NELSON, B. C. Box 676. ^* e?* e5* N|achinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. PLANS. X___4_A_'WI3Sra-S_ _3Sa?ID\_C_A.1'_SS- W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M AIMM Assayer in charge of Provincial Govern- E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S. M.F.G.S. ment Assay Office at Vancouver. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman, PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office am. Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Reports on IVJines and Metallurgical arid Milling Processes. SPECIALTY: UMPIRE and CONTROL ASSAYS. Cable and Telegraphic Address : Analysis, Vancouver. 1 iiiiinniiiirn r. r. Codes : Moreing & Neal, A.B.C. and Lieber. / VANCOUVER, B. C. Victoria Office: 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST., M. E. IVJolson's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. G. E. C. B. BAGSHAWE, REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % % Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. C. A. A. WATSON, B. Sc. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. O. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia *2T SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL. *®Jl Mining and Surveying Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59. GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. F. NICHOLSON. CER TIFICA TED A SSA YER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting cap'tal and affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince i Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property, 'information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal -Mention given that good work is done where it will most benent the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. O, EAST KOOTENAY. THE MINING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS 3STO GOOD Advertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EJ1PLOY AN UP=TODATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do yourbusiness at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, British and Canadian Press Bureau,' 24 Coleman St., London, E.C. the miHiHo JoUSNfti* Railway and Commercial Gazette. established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, B. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: Canada. 12 months. 6 months. 3 months .■ 28s. 14s. 7s. Payable in Advance. NOW READY. The MINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable technical monographs embodied in the present volume are the following : Progress in the Aluminum Industry in iqoo, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane ; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L. K. Bohm ; Clay and and its manufacture into brick and tile, by H. Ries ; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge ; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive power, by G. Lunge ; Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progressin the electrolytic refining of arg, ntiferous copper, by T. Ulke ; Notes on uhe leaching of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adcock ; Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Kel'er ; Raritan Copper Works — general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks ; Manufacture of blue vi riol from argentiferous copper- by J. G. Clemmer ; Recent progress in the Henderson process for extracting copper from p> rites cinders, by J. G. Clemmer ; Fluorspar mines of Western Kentucky' and Southern IUnois, by W. E. Burk ; Diamondiferous deposits in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs ; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. Janii\ jr.; Present development of the barrel chlorination proce>s, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling- in 1900, by R. H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson , Assay of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy at the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe Alloys of iron, Jby H. Souther ; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hof- man ; Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake ; Electrolyz- ing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke; World sproduclion of petroleum, by Dvorko- vitz; Origin and occurrence of petroleum in California, by A S. Cooper ; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heri- to; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F. Klockmann j Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900. by J. B. C. Kershaw : Progress in the sulphuric add industry in 1900, by F. J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St, Lawrence Co., N.Y., by C H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, bv F. Owen ; Review of progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by_W. R. 1 r. galls ; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sau'-.»ur; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N. S. W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Greenway ; R&. cent contributions to tbe science of ore deposits, by R. W. Raymond; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C, F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CC., 253 Broadway, New York. R. MAYNARD, Importer and dealer in all kinds of F ho to graphic §stLppli#@, Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos, Etc. Agent for Imperial, Cramer & Hammer Plates, 4 I P3l"ldOr3 Sti, /\risto-Platino, Solio, rfjoro, Velox and Dekho Papers. VICTORIA, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering" School with unique location giving" it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. E. M. SANDILANDS, Notary Public, Mines, Stocks and fnsurance. Repesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London. Phoenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Associat'on. Slocan Mines. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address ; " Silverlands." Crown Grants Obtained. Sandon, B. C. M. R. SIVHTH & COMPANY LIDyniT-E-Q. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery .Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, 95< .¥>> '97. "98-. . Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 18S6. branch, VICTOR/A, B. C. 430 GORDOVA STREET. VANCOUVER. XLhc Silver Iking Ibotel, BAKER ST , NELSON, B. C. IL THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us—Why? We have the best goods and largest assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly from our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere. EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for Illustrated Catalogue—Free. E_t»Ws_e4 1362. "Wf"IEjIXjIEi_E, ZBDROS-, yiotoeia, jb. a. Stock Certificates and flining Stationery of an kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of tJbe largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. jjj 1 THE COLONIST P. & R CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO. VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND NELSON, B. C. and at fl. c. Beeton & Co., 35 Finsburg Circus, London, England. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Dry Goods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour. Etc. Good Indented From AH Parts of the World. Telegraphic Addresses: "TURNER," Victoria; "BEETON,"' London.; "TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson. Layritz Nursery Victoria, B.C. Headquarters for Choice Nursery Stock. fruit and Ornamental Trees. Small Fruit. Roses, Evergreens, etc., etc. Largest and best assorted stock in the country. Plants carefully packed for shipment to the Interior. Catalogue and Price List on Application. II ill ii-fiiii dp 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. SEND FOR SAMPLE".. W. H. LEGQ, Manager. THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. Incorporated by Act of Parliament. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up,$12,000,000.00. RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. Hon. G. A Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald ; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. F. W. Taylor Assistant Inspector. JAMES AIRD, Secretary. Montreal—H. V. MEREDITH Manager. E. S. CLOUSTON, General Manager. A. Macnider Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. W. S. Clouston Inspector of Branch Returns. BRANCHES XN C-ft._V-fl_-0A -. In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E. C. Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States—New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents. Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall,Deseronto,Fort William, Goderich, Guelph, Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth, Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's, Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N. B.; Frederickton, N. B.; Moncton, N. B.; St. John, N. B.; Amherst, N. S.; Halifax, N. S.; Sydney, N. S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain—London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank, the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—The British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Galifornian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED The Bhnk or British Columbih, bjeajd o:f:emce: tojronto. paid up capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2.000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 65,000,000 HOX. GEO. -A.. COX, ^President. 33. E. "VV-A-Xj-S-EI., General Manager. LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, ' Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, Fernie. White Horse. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE. MANAGER. Nanaimo Saw Mill and Sash and Door Factory. OFFICE: MILL STREET, NANAIMO, B. C. „Al_. BL-A-SL-A^IMI;, Proprietor. Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, White Pine, Redwood, &c Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERIGA, ESTABLISHED I836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. PAID UP CAPITAL, £1,000,000 STERLINC. RESERVE FUND, - £350,000 STERLING. 8 —LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.- — 0 BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields — ATLIN and DAWSON CITY A Savings Bank Department has been established.in connection with the Victoria branch Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgr., VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! GOAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining & Land Co, j CI_I_VEIT_e33D) (FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY.) Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast \ii \b tf/ M* VL» NANAIMO COAL (Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. OUTHFIELD COAL Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal House and Steam Coal), are Mined by this Company Exclusively. Vb \h \b Mt \to THE NANAIMO COAL gfives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL 1S used by a^ leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WEL .INGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favourite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Special despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. *$• •§• *$» SAMUEL M. ROBINS, Supt., Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. Canadian Paeifle Railway SOO-PAC/FIC LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. -tx.r»j_T*__^jx_(^_<x_r«.-r«-r«j_^j<^ Lowest Rates. i TO ALL POINTS IN Best Equipment. T Canada and United States. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to B. W. GREER, or to Agent, VICTORIA, B. O. E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVR, B. O Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. MS-** TI3yCE TABLE. Time Table Effective October 15th, 1901. . ALASKA ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Steamship Amur every fifteeu days, connecting" with White Pass and Yukon route. VICTORIA—VANCOUVER ROUTE. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a-m. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. NORTHERN B. C. COAST ROUTE. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria n p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling1 at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month. VICTORIA—NEW WESTMINSTER ROUTE. S. S. Yosemite. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a. m. Calling at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. NEW WESTMINSTER—CHILLIWACK ROUTE. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminsterand Chilliwack. NEW WESTMINSTER—STEVESTON ROUTE. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting1 Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., 7 a. m.; Fri., 6 a.m.; Sat., 6 p.m. Calling- at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. WEST COAST ROUTE. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Claoose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ahouset, for Cape Scott and Intermediate ports on the 20th each, month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For.full particulars as to time rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P. R. agent or to j. W. TROUP, E. J. COYLE, Manager, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VICTORIA. VANCOUVER Opposite the C. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men. Crand Pacific Hotel, P. A. BARNHART, Proprietor. S KAMLOOPS, B. C. WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Hotel Vernon, Thoroughly Commercial^ 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Hotel Dallas, VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for igoi under same management. DOMINION HOTEL, VICTORIA, _B_ O. IIFW AMI. MnriPRKI Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths, rn.II HI.U WlUU-nH. Electric Lighted, Return CallBellsand first-class service American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European p|an> s°c- to $1.50 a day. The Hudson's Bay Company H 7...E: GKEII-SriEIR^I-: STORES 7? T: Baie de Peres Battleford ■ ^'OkLGARY A>Chaplea«s^; Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lethbridge Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury Touchwood Hills Vancouver Victoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find at these Stores th. best goods at moderate prices, imported direct ffom all the principal markets of the world. Rand Rock Drills Have 3rou seen our new 2-inch drill? Jusif^the thing for light work. II Rossland, B. C. Greenwood,' B. C. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, Actien Gesellscliaft, Hulheim on Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding fire-damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superior qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA: WATSON JACK & CO. 7 ST. HELEN STREET MONTREAL EVERT BELT GUARANTEED GENUINE OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTING For Exposed Situations Use "Lancashire" Hair Belting. CATA.LOCUE AND DISCOUNTS ;$» APPLICATION. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. mmmfmm^: 1),000 Pl^rONSirVHEELS NOW RUNNING. an ts Send tot^Jllttstfaf^d Catalogue The Pelton WATER-)|feEi^pQg 127 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ■■t ■mhkmi Srnepng1 fVWrfes ■ LADYSMITH. mH Prepared to purcHase ores as from August lst|| Convenient to E. & N. or sea. Hadfield's! Patent Manganese Steel. Manganese Steel is made by Hadfield's Steel Foundry Gg&'Ltd., Sheffield, udder the Hadfield Patents. ®talfl©i !or! ©#!€ D Pins and Bushes, Patent Removable SheltT^blers, Improved Cast Steel Tumblers7 Steel Gearing for Dredgers. Built-up Dredger BoefotS, "&i'V sting of Best Cast Steel Back Casting fitted with Manganese Steel Bushes, with Rolled Steel Lip, with Back and End Plates all rivetted •firra.y*together. Manganese Steel Crushers, Plates, Roll Shells, Shoe and Dies, Steel Castings and Forgings. SOLE- REPRESENTATIVE FOR' CANAD-t: Francis T. Peacqlk M. E.M* Canada Life Building, MONTREAL. WRITE FOR DREDGER CATALOGU$&*S Published by The B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by the "Colonist," Victoria, Canada. ■/S1«:(_i\5tf) .'.: ' ' This Month: Special Boundary Issue. VOL IX. MAY, t902. No. 5. The HiNTilLECTRic Company, Electric Motors. Blowers. Motors. Fans. Dynamos. Electric Mining Apparatus. VICTORIA, B.C. * Electrical Construction and Supplies. VANCOUVER, B. C. "Not an Experiment; In General Use Throughout the World." BlNew Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill sfil 3S3 r*M V*l j _. W & Operated by ONE marjfwill perform work of THREE men drilling with bits and hammers.- M/\DE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. gM|| Extensively used in United States. Testimonials show this drill has in many / v!_$ instances reduced the cost of mining by one half. Easier to operate than to drill by bit and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY MONTH. Write for catalogue and testimonials. H. D. CRIPPEN, 52 Broadway, NEW YORK. SOLE MANTJFAOTTJBBE. THE COPPER KING, LIMITED. % THE PACIFIC COAST SMELTING & REFINING WORKS, Purchasers, Samplers and Smelters of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, and Furnace Products. WORKS: Seal Bluff Landing CaL MINES: Fresno County, Cal. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to 11 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. P^mmhpm» .. «_U ________ ___i_S__ __.:____ .__:___:___.:-_&-_£-__, :-&:_•_.-«_*:__*. _ #IF YOU ARE BUILDING A HOUSeIi/ * '$ ft W V\^N Carry in Stock&tiie Largest Assortment \j)jf \ii j|3:& <a£__uM-a of »i* NK IVyiAMTI-ri C IN OAK, MAPLE, CHERRY, BIRCH, Iwlrin. I C.I—0 white and""Tile. FIRE PLAC£li.RATES I IN ANY FINISH OR STYLE. it Til IM_*-t FOR tft&QRS, HEARTHS, W I I _-.-IT.Va BATHROOMS, 4.C., 4.C. \%l Brass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. PARQUETTE FLOORING. it/ 1 ii/ ii/ 1 House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. t^R:. LIMITED, -4||§j£ WHOLESALE HARDWARE, vM V/pjOUVER, B. C. DAJVSON, Y.T. & ' • v >':-© *s;ais_9___5^%Ar-__i^l _»- ^ ^'■i____l;-__;__l:-_-;___;__l;-_-;-_L:-__;^S^-_J^-*^i-____^^-' THE 0 With our Improved Governor and Safety Device, new pattern gab ;|^^|ri|^ii*j^; and other special features of our design of this type of engine, will commend themselves to those requiring Durability, Economy and Ease of Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Steam-^<$wer Plants designed, built and installed fOf^pera|Kte^0fir:,figures are at your service, and we think- you will find them reasonable. Send for* catalogues of anything in the mining ma- chiij&y line. Free on request. ■ i?$?R THp jencke:| machin| CO. ^MlSfiiSoKE, QUE. Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. i m rmb Madgeburg-Buckau (Germany.) 1 rInincIm achiiHriI ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of especially strong construction^. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries-^jjfcoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rlo'sGold Amalgamators, Settlers, (Stiff. SEPARATION jo® CONCENTRATION: Separators, Exhaustors, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT. (a) For Treating by_the_Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and Concentration. IP (-) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Oust Extraction and Leaching. GOAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke & Co., 35 St. Francois Xauier Street, Montreal. For the UNITED STATES—Thos. Prosser & Son,<ffl Gold Street, New York. For MEXICO-^Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico. For SOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg S.A.R. • -W:|- THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN 1 DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) sail SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AJVD MILLING IVIAGHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. S____v__N~ H ' r-{, A TsTQXSOO C A T. LinK-Belt Elevators & Conveyors For Handling Ores, Matte, Slag, Crushed Stone, Gravel, Cement, Sand, Water, etc. I PICKING TABLES, SHAKING I I AND REVOLVINC SCREENS, | I COAL WASHING MACHINERY, g I SHAFTING, ROPE SHEAVES, 1 I PULLEYS, CLUTCHES, GEAR- f I ING, ETC. I Send for Catalogue. 'Link-Belt" Coal and Coke Breaker. Link-Belt Box Water Elevator. Capacity 300 to 10,000 Gallons per Minute. LINK-BELT MACHINERY CO., Chicago, U. S. A. engineers, founders, machinists. B1LT C0HV1Y0 "Used on Dredges Combine great capacity with simplicity and durability. Send for New Illustrated Catalogue. ROBINS CONVEYING BELT CO.. 18-21 Park Row Jtew York,. THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. no. 048 Chemirfll Balance. Sensibility i-io milligramme or 1-650 grain. Six-inch beam, Agate bearings and improved fall-away pan-rests operated by a single thumbpieca. Many of the largest corporations in the world use our Balances, among whom are the following : Mt. Lyell Mining & Railway Co., Tasmania ; British America Corporation, British Columbia; Sheffield Smelting Co., England ; Great Boulder Perseverance Gold Mining Co., West Australia; America Smelting & Refining Co., U. S. and Mexico. Send for catalogue A-4 to WM. AINSWORTH & SONS, 'T^SP Denver, Col. U.S.A. For Sale by: B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., Vancouver, B.C.; W. F. Teetzel & Co., Nelson, B.C.; C. M. Fassett, Spokane, Wash.; John Taylor & Co., San Franciso, Cal.; F. W. Braun & Co., Los Angeles, Cal. The B. G. Assay & Chemical Supply Go. -DIRECT IMPORTERS OF- -LlMITED, dSSflYERS' ^ niLL SUPPLIED. Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, &c; W. Ainsworth & Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices. Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B.C. HEARN & HARRISON, (Established 1857.) Manufacrurers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. .Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent ) Free on Application. * 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., rt^L Montreal, Canada. gaaiw. » THE DENVER FIR.E CLAY COMPANY 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA STREET, DENVER, COLORADO. Established 1851. Incorporated 189s. ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, fline and nill Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Chemicals, Chemical Glassware. Prospectors' Outfits. Special Agents for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England. Largest Stock of Balances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc. Baker & Adamsons' Acids. Platinum-ware, Etc. Borax, Boneash, Cyanide Potassium, Manganese and other heavy Chemicals at Manufacturers' Prices, Headquarters or Mining- and Scientific Books. JJOHfW 1T_W H O IK_* (_!? C(TD Pacific Cout Agents for Wm. Airt v0:1 h i Sons' Assay and Analytical Balances "* ' lUu.Vrat.Q Cit-lopa on Application 63 F.fSt St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cat THR MINING RECORD. CABCES, PUMPS, ETC. AIesghen &S.ons Rope Go. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF • PATENT FLATTENED STRAND TOUGH STRONG SAFE DURABLE trademark registered WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. !«» vfnyR ■SFsf\NCH ^EFiCES . 98 Centre Street, - New Tork, If. T. 18? East Lake Street, - Chicago, 111. 85 Fremont Street, Ban Francisco, Cal* s^^ ^k^^^^^^r^^P^^^"^^^^2^^^ first sweet f .-. . ■ -■•■•;.- ' .- s* Geo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF id o "W If :p xr nyc ip s OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY. MINING PUMPS. Pumping Machinery of every WATER-WORKS PUMPS. possible Description. -POWEIL _t UJYL-t K>. SE-STID IFOJE- 0_--.T_--.I-OGrXJ_S!_ JEFF-Rlpil §§§. ELEVATINGMMlSSii FOR MILLS, FACTpRIE8^^E|^LAl*tt|g^ Designed for Handling Wa1.ei%Po1f>Sijk(n''ds.v: ^•■f^^WSR CAT'@_S^Efe^|p^?_^ THE JEFFft||MFG;^^^mj^ Bullock Diamond Drills Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - A Gold Medal. M. C. BULLOCK MFG. CO., CHICAGO. ~^l» THE MINING RECOflfi). HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd., ENGINEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and.Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, etc. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, VANCOUVER, B. C. Improved CRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. The Hallidie Ropeway FOR TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH, SUGAR CANE, ETC., BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. i®—-® ivi* Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically. WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLE WAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. |P__F" Estimates furnished. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal. Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WHYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. Canton Steel Co. Works : CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse: DENVER, Colorado, STEEL For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS wil1 be found unequalled for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL. 'Wire Ltd. MONTREHL, CHNHDH. MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. <lLalg'Sl.Patent_Wire.R°Pes for 0olliery and General Mining Pm^sTs. Ross.anTBHc!:~HaIifaX,NS-:St-John'N-B-; Ottawa, "Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson ond THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. Direct Currentf Machinery For Njining and Milling Work. Northern Spherical Motor, Inclosed Type; Northern Motors Are compact and symmetrical in design and can be belted, geared or direct connected to the driven machine. They are suited for work in many places where it would be | difficult, if not impossible, to operate other motors. Send for Illustrated Catalogue No. 426. Northern Electrical Manufacturing Company, Wm. H Madison, Wis., U. S. A. Hendrie & Bolthoff MTg and Supply Co'y, District Sales Managers, DENVER, COL. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. me SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power a1d Electrical PU M PS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water-wheels, Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address The STILWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., Leb2m9a^ st., dayton, omo, u.s.a. PLATINUM REFINERS New York Puberty street. WE are always in the market for : : : CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. BAKER 5_ CO. NEWARK, N. J. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Jlos. 38 to 44 Frenpnt Street, Sr\N FRANCISCO, CAL. "MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN- Hydraulic and Quartz IV|ining and filling Machinery, COMPRISING- HYDRAULIC GIANTS, WATER GATES, SHEET IRON and STEEL PIPE, STAMP MILLS, ORE CRUSHERS, ORE FEEDERS, CONCENTRATORS, SMELTERS, HOISTING and PUMPING PLANTS, SAW MILLS, MINE and MILL SUPPLIES, &C, &C. HOISTING ENGINE. Catalogues and Prices Furnished upon application. IMPACT WATER AVHEEL. 9 (USrCOBPOEATEID 1881,) Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc. •*• ••*• I BRANCH OFFICE : yiCTORIH, HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES : VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD. WORKS: NHNHIM0. GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose. "CRACK PROOF" AND "SNAG PROOF." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING. 573, 575, 577 & 579 Market St, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. m—eyiiu©—•© 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. ^Wtii'"ttl«f«^^ P* i 5 Canadian ©eneral Electric Go*, Ximiteb* CAPITAL $1,500,000 Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N. S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC HI N ING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Tans, ," "/■ Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for I |; Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to rifTy Miles C. G. E. -BY OUR- an& Three Phase, Two Phase, Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers in Canada for Them. Write Us. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: Transmission Systems. ! ^c<— ROSSLAND and VANCOUVER. % THE MINING RECORD. The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. Manufacturers * •:• of * * INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete /line Equipment of All Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. \ Catalogue and Details on Application to J R« A- c- McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. fWWJg Send for Catalogues and specifications. Cunlifle & McMillan, Agents at Rossland. Yanconver Engineering Works, Vancouver, B. C. mm The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine; cheap, safe and handy, end for booklet. 962 Sing at. jmjjmj The Brackman & Ker milling Co., ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with the Best Quality of Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. B.*K. ROLLED OATS. Victoria Vancouver. Nelson Rossland (Registered.) New Westminster. Strathcona. 4fe__-»-—^Ufieqiialled \l\ the WoHd. £ WESTERN MINES EXCHANGE DEALERS IN Excellent connections in financial circles in New York and London. Property owners and locators are invited to communicate with us. Among properties not at present placed we have the following on offer : 5,040 acres of Excellent Coal Lands in the Nicola district. Copper Properties in the Boundary District, and a Free-milling Gold Property in the Lardeau District. Communications should be addressed to d \\r .x/at-ci-h #-_.»f rrimrt Office: ". W. WATERLOW KING, Bank of Montreal Chambers, Manager, VICTORIA. B. C p. o. Box 645, VICTORIA, B. C The Mining Record. VOL. IX. MAY, J902. NO. 5. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining Interests of The Pa cific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. flORTiriER LAHB, managing Editor. THE PROGRESS OF MINING IN THE BOUNDARY DISTRICT. be restricted chiefly to the emphasizing of a few important points : (i) To the great benefit working mines and smelters and their numerous industrial accompaniments are, first to the country surrounding them, and next to the Province at large ; (2) To the fact that the mining and smelting industries of the Boundary are steadily attaining to more important proportions, and (3) To their present value and future enormous possibilities. " In connection with the first point as it relates to this district in particular, it appears only necessary to mention that during the last three years from $15,000,- IN this month's issue of the Mining Record an effort 000 to $20,000,000 at least have been expended, much in has been made to deal as fully as possible with the the form of wages for labour, as a direct result of local mineral and other resources of a section of British Co- mining operations—in the opening up and equipment of lumbia which in the short space of rather over two mines, the erection of smelters with their costly plants, years has come to be regarded as the most important the building and equipment of railways, the utilization copper-producing area in British Columbia. The extra- of water powers, the carrying out of many public im- ordinary industrial developments which have taken place provements, and the building up of several towns that in the Boundary Creek District since the completion of are now populous centres. As to the benefit to the the Columbia & Western branch of the Canadian Pacific Province : The direct mining revenue received at the Railway in 1900, are in the following pages well describ- government offices at Greenwood and Grand Forks dur- ed by our Boundary District correspondent, Mr. E. ing the last three years exceeded $75,000, but there Jacobs, who, as most of our readers are aware, has were in addition revenues large in the aggregate, from earned and enjoys a high reputation, unfortunately not assessed taxes on land, pre-emption and purchase of shared by many newspaper correspondents-in Western lands, revenue tax, trade and liquor license fees, timber mining camps, for careful, conscientious work. As a dues, ore tax and other sources of Provincial revenue, resident of several years standing in the district, and " Next, the increasing importance of the mining and having watched the growth of the mines from the early smelting industries of the Boundary :—Up to June 30, prospect stage, he is exceptionally well qualified to take 1900, the aggregate of all shipments of ore to that date up the subject, and every dependence may be placed was little more than 4,000 tons. During the second upon the accuracy of his statements. Mr. Jacobs in the half of that year the total tonnage was increased to following introductory article, in a general way sums up 97,837 tons. During 1901 shipments totalled 386,675 the progress that has been made in the Boundary tons — nearly four times the tonnage of the previous District. year. Up to the middle of April of this year about "When I proposed to the managing editor of the x 35,000 tons had been sent out, this being at the rate of B. C. Mining Record that he place the May number of about 475,000 tons per annum, but there is good reason that journal at my disposal for a description of the to estimate that this year's shipments, which are stead- Boundary District, it was my intention to make the de- ily increasing, will reach a total of between 600,000 and scriptive matter as full and comprehensive as possible 700,000 tons. The quantity of ore smelted in the dis- within the limits of that number. Unfortunately, after trict during 1900 was 62,387 tons ; during 1901 it was arrangements had been made in accordance with my 348,493 tons. To the middle of April of the current proposal, a fortnight's unavoidable delay took place be- year about 133,000 tons had been smelted, or at the rate fore the work of preparing the 1 copy " could be entered Qf about 465,000 tons per annum, but with two more upon. This prevented the intended careful revision and furnaces to be blown in shortly, the year's tonnage condensation of the matter, since it had to be sent to the should reach a total of about 650,000 tons at the least printer piecemeal, as written. If, then, it appears that This leaves out of account the probability of still further in some instances mining properties or places have additions to the number of furnaces, either been left out or given but scant notice, whilst " Now, in regard to value of these industries—with- others relatively less important have undue prominence, out authentic information as to actual values of the allowance should be made for such shortcomings, which ores and the cost of producing them and extracting their under the circumstances necessarily occurred. "The following pages have been so much increased beyond the number originally intended that introductory comment must of necessity be brief. It will, therefore, value contents, it is idle to speculate as to these, but it is here asserted with confidence that the statement is reliable, the two companies operating on a large scale in the district are certainly making a profit above cost 139A 140 THE MINING RECORD. of mining transportation, reduction and marketing their product. Assuming a net profit of $1.00 per ton, this means on the year's output of say 650,000 tons a total of $650,000. Since the total cash capital invested in the mines and smelters of these two companies cannot be above $4,000,000 it is easily seen what the percentage of interest return is. As to future possibilities—leaving entirely out of consideration the probability of the Dominion Copper and Snowshoe companies shortly maturing their plans for the provision of smelting facilities for their own ores, also of the requirements of half a dozen other district mines, and taking into account only that the Granby Co. intends to put in two more furnaces shortly, and the B. C. Copper Co. expects to this year add a third, there is every probability that by the end of 1902 the aggregate treatment capacity of the three district smelters will be not less than 3,800 tons a day, or at the rate of 1,387,000 tons a year. Taking the above-mentioned rate of profit this would give a net return for a year to the three companies concerned, on an investment that by then will hardly not have exceeded $5,000,000, of $1,387,000. There is this further fact (for it will shortly be an accomplished fact) to keep in mind, viz.: That the total cost of mining, transportation and treatment of their ores, will, in the case of these two companies be reduced to between $2.00 and $2.50 per ton. It may be added that this last statement is made only after careful enquiry from those well informed on the subject." "WILD-CATTING" IN THE SIMILKAMEEN. THE fact that "wild-catting" methods are again becoming prevalent in British Columbia is from a certain point of view a favourable sign. During the past two years or more there has been little outside speculation in the mines of the Province, the lack of interest being largely attributable to an inevitable reaction following the Rossland "boom" and the consequent wholesale wild-catting from 1896 to 1899. During that period hundreds of worthless companies were promoted and thousands of people in Eastern Canada and elsewhere were impoverished by purchasing stock which had no intrinsic value whatever. The bubble at length burst, and with it confidence was entirely withdrawn. Speculation ceased, and the most legitimate undertakings were hampered by the difficulty of securing the necessary capital to carry on operations. In the interim, however, the mining industry has become established on a firmer and a more permanent footing, production has steadily increased and speculation has given place to investment on the part of individuals or syndicates, with, in the majority of instances, more gratifying results. Most of the capital thus invested has originated from the United States, but American promoters of an unscrupulous type have not been slow to recognize the disposition of their countrymen to look upon British Columbia as a rich and promising mining territory, and a number of largely capitalized "wild-cat" companies have been recently floated in New York, Minneapolis and other large centres, with the alleged object of exploiting mines in this field. A most flagrant example is that of a concern styling itself the Olalla Copper Mining and Smelting Co. of New York, modestly capitalized at eight million dollars in $25 shares. This company's shares are being extensively advertised in the New York daily papers, 20,000 shares now being offered for public subscription at $12.50 per share, in I easy monthly instalments." To quote from the advertisement in the New York Sunday World: " The present allotment is being rapidly sold. The next allotment will be offered only at a largely advanced price. This is done (sic) to enable people of moderate means, who are ordinarily excluded from participating in safe enterprises of this magnitude, to invest in the practically unlimited profit-producing resources of our mining properties in Olalla, B.C. Our faith in the enterprises we are championing is such that we are quite willing to take payment for stock in easy instalments, well knowing that the substantial values of the property will bear out this policy with profit to everybody concerned. Many a man with a small bank account has wished to identify himself with the great modern enterprises, but the terms have been so close that he has been unable to do so. We have opened a new way to wealth for the man with a short purse and a long head. The man who knows that large enterprises like this must be built up carefully, step by step, is the man we want, and who wants us. One thousand shares of "Olalla" will be worth an independent fortune and earn a permanent income of from $2,500 to $7,500 per year within five years, but one share will be worth equally as much in proportion. If you can secure 1,000 shares do so, but subscribe for at least one, five, ten, twenty-five, fifty or one hundred. But by all means secure an interest in the company and make that interest as large as possible." In large type above is printed : "A practical mining man writing us says : ' If I owned two of your properties I would undertake to pay the national debt of Canada in ten years,'" and after a description of some mining ciaims held by the company, the following : " In addition to our mining properties we also hold a valuable railroad franchise, entitling us to build and operate a railroad through the mining fields, besides the telephone and telegraph franchises of the district, and a charter for the townsije of Olalla, B. C. With these remarkable permanent money-making sources at our command, our experts have formulated the following conservatively correct estimate of the net earnings of our combined properties per annum, each particular estimate being as low as it can consistently be made : Profit on the company's preliminary mining operations— 1,500 tons per day, yielding a net profit of $2 per ton equals $ 900,000 Profit on smelting operations 900,000 Railway earnings (net) , 690,000 Net annual profit $2,490,000 " This sum of almost two and a half million dollars will enable us to pay an annual dividend of 25 per cent, on the capital stock of the company, besides creating a reserve fund of nearly half a million dollars a year." The whole thing is so transparently and grotesteque- ly ridiculous that it appears almost a waste of time to do more than laugh. But, strange as it may seem, there are many who will swallow a hook even so unskilfully baited as this, and it is the duty of the press of British Columbia to do what is possible to remove the bait altogether, so that nothing is left but the naked hook, and if any foolish gudgeon is prepared to bite at that, he can blame no one when he suffers the necessary penalty for his rashness. It will have been noticed from the advertisement that the Olalla Copper Mining & Smelting Co. desires an impression to be conveyed that it already is in possession of property capable of immediate profitable operation. The mineral claims are described as "Sixty-three high-grade copper-gold mines, situate in Similkameen and Keremeos valley . . THE MINING RECORD. 141 not merely rich in the ordinary sense of mining phraseology, but huge mountainous deposits stocked with precious copper ore from ' the grass roots down into the depths of the earth's bowels." The facts are, that of these " sixty-three high-grade mines " not one has been developed or proved to any extent, and many have not been developed at all. The claims have been divided into eight groups, and it is amusing to compare the description of them in the advertisement with the report of an expert employed by the company. Mr. Watson, an assayer of Vernon. For example, the Opulence group is thus referred to in the advertisement: " A solid block of four claims, assaying $1.20 gold and 17.1 per cent, copper, equal to $52.50 per ton. The richest copper ore found inihis district has been expcsed by sinking a shaft 45 feet (!) and the quantity appears to be almost unlimited." (!) Mr. Watson states : " The Opulence . . . has a ledge containing native copper. I saw some of the ore, but owing to a violent snow storm I was unable to visit it." But again the advertisement thus speaks of the Golden Rule group : " Five big claims containing practically inexhaustible supplies (!) of easily treated ore,'assaying 3.6 per cent, copper, equal to $11.50 per ton. The ore is visible on the surface for several hundred feet." And Mr. Watson : " I visited the Golden Rule claim. This claim lies about two miles north of the Bullion, is on the east side of the valley, and has a 40-foot iron capping running east and west. No work has been done on it, and I therefore did not take any samples for assay, as it is necessary to get underneath the capping before any copper makes its appearance." Is further comment required ? It may, however, be added that, although the company publishes a booklet containing five separate reports on the properties, Mr. Watson's alone is prepared by a professional man of any standing, and he although a geologist and an exceptionally clever chemist is certainly not entitled to rank, nor does he style himself a mining engineer; among the other contributors are prospectors belonging to the Keremeos district, including one of the vendors ; the general manager of the the company, also a vendor; and the deputy mining recorder of the district. So far for the mining properties and the " conservatively correct estimate of their net earnings of $900,000 per annum." The railway and the smelter, from which also so much is promised, are at present unfortunately so high in the air that they are actually out of sight. In conclusion, another significant circumstance. Why has the company so early in its career elevated Mr. William J. Brewer, of New York City (a most unprepossessing gentleman, judging from his portrait in the New York Herald) to the lofty and responsible position of president in substitution for the Hon. W. L. Douglas, of boot and shoe manufacturing fame, who, according to the booklet containing the " excerpts from the official reports of eminent experts " already alluded to, originally occupied that proud post ?" lowing paragraph : "The copper ores throughout the district yield on the average about one-third per cent, copper." This should have read : " The copper ores throughout the district yield on the average 1.3 per cent, copper." A material difference. w In a leading article, entitled, "Boundary Ores and the Price of Copper," published in our last issue, a statement from the Engineering and Mining fournal (New York) was most annoyingly misquoted in the fol- AS IT WAS IN THE BEGINNING. By Clive Phillipps-Wolley. E are so used to hearing the " kickers " grumble that " the d d place has not gone ahead one bit" since they first came here, that it is worth while, from time to time, to look back upon any record of the past which is in our possession and to compare what was with that which is. If we happen to be one of those who make a journey across the C. P. Ry. once every four or five years you will hardly need to look back upon such records. The country lying alongside the track supplies an object lesson which is sufficiently convincing. Man in his fight against a gigantic Nature cannot make any very apparent impression in a day or in a week, but the result of his efforts is sufficiently obvious to those who give him reasonable time in which to do his work. I do not want to silence the kickers. It is good that they should kick. If they have sufficient energy to do that, they may have sufficient energy to try to remedy that of which they complain, though that by no means follows. It is easier to kick at creation than to create a slapjack. My business, however, is not to write the natural history of the kicker, a mean beast but a useful irritant, so much as to prove that the world moves in British Columbia. In a paper which is defunct, probably because what the gods love die young and because that paper was too good to live, it was written in 1895 that " the inhabitants of Boundary were few, though they included two barmaids and a barber, and a man in white flannels, tennis shoes and a blazer, walking about quite free with nobody to lead him on a string." The writer appears to have been a little uncertain of his geography, confusing Midway and Boundary, and horribly irreverent in his language for I have been assured, as I happen to know that he has been, that there never was a barmaid in British Columbia, and that what he mistook for a man in a blazer was a literary light under a bushel. As Miner was my own nom de plume at that time I may as well make a clean breast of it and admit that as far as the details went I was as accurate as you would expect a man to be who took his figures from poor old S who lived in a cabin, dreamed dreams and extracted wonderful assays which he gave away cheap. They were worth what he asked for them. 1 owe him no grudge. He gave me a letter to the " boys," I think I have it still, which stated that " the Cap was all rite, you can trust the Cap and show him all you know," and they did. But I claim that though no expert then or now I was right in my main contention that Boundary district had a great future before it and that the energy of its men would make a rich camp of it in a comparatively short time, and deserving of some credit as the first correspondent who devoted any special attention to the district. Where my old hosts, " Jimmy Wilbur, Ewing Keith- ly, Johnny Lind and Tom Humphreys, used to live in a little log cabin at the corner of the road going to the summit," there is now I understand a suburb or a rival 142 THE MINING RECORD. town to Greenwood ; where some of those cut a pine mines, and if I was wrong in prophesying that two rail- pole to measure off the surface width of the Showshoe ways would soon be competing for the ores, it is not ledge (I think we made it 120 feet) and where we blun- because the ores are not there but because they are Main Kettle River. dered about in the dense small pines looking for the Gold Drop, all is now a big clearing ; where hundreds of prospectors roamed the hills are now thousands of treated on the spot which is better for Boundary. Five years ago we went a prospecting and prophesied great things, worked like men and may be erred a little Valley of the Upper Kettle River. settled residents. The prospecting era has passed and about our assays, but last the fun of it I fear, but instead I learn that there are .. year the rough hills gave up the fun of it I fear, but instead I learn that there are 390,000 tons of ore and have produced 140,000 already three smelters, big towns, compressors, big producing this year, and the population of the district according THE MINING RECORD. 143 to the census is somewhere near io;ooo. Is not this erood growth for five years ? There is one fact brought out strongly by Miner in his article of 1895 which cannot be refuted. To the knowledge of the best informed mining men in Boundary Falls, there is no English or Canadian money invested in the camps around here. That was true there and was true, too, of Rossland. But times have changed. .My old friend the Snowshoe is being developed on a large scale by an English company ; the principal mines of the camp such as the Knob Hill, Ironsides, Jewel, belong either to Canadian or English owners, as do the principal mines of Rossland and three-fourths of the capital invested in Boundary is British. We were new to mining in Canada when Miner first began his tramps through the new camps between 1891 and 1995, but we have learned much since then and if B. C. mining keeps on growing as it has done in the past ten years we shall see our own people owning an j developing our own mines as rapidly and as successful ly as their neighbours to the south, and as their well First Prospector's Cabin on Boundary Creek. (Built in '86). wisher Miner hopes they may, even if the old fallacies that " rock improves with depth," and that properties can be made to pay from the grass roots without money for development "have been exploded and left behind as a delusion of our childhood." THE BOUNDARY'S EARLY DAYS. THE placer miners who worked Rock creek in the early sixties were the pioneers of the Boundary. Shortly afterwards Boundary creek also had their attention. There is much of interest told of those early days, but probably romance is now mingled with the truth. John Thornton, familiarly known as " Old Jolly Jack" is still "on the crik," but his placering days are over. He is always ready to talk of the old times. In 1884 Camp McKinney had its beginnings. Two years later a pioneer, Mr. W. T. Smith, prospected up Boundary creek from Midway, known in the early days as Eholts. Mr. Smith staked the Non Such, above Boundary Falls, and this is the oldest claim in the dis trict on continuous record. It, with three adjoining claims, is the property of a Spokane company, Mr. Smith retaining an interest. On the west bank of Boundary creek, Mr. Smith built the first cabin in this vicinity, and this primitive structure stands there to-day, almost within a stonethrow of the Montreal & Boston Copper Co's smelter, the ancient and the modern contrasting strangely. In 1887, George D. Leyson, a prospector, now resident of Greenwood, accompanied by his father, David Leyson, and Geo. Y. Bowerman, prospected from Kettle river above Rock creek, across the mountains towards Boundary creek. In what is now Copper camp they located the Blue Bird claim, afterwards re-located and now known as the Big Copper. They went thence to Trail creek, but though they found mineral outcrops, Trail was then too far from everywhere to make it seem worth while to stake mineral claims there. In other places in this number mention is made of later locations, such as the Mother Lode, Crown Silver and Sunset, in Deadwood camp, and the Old Ironsides, Knob Hill, Brooklyn and Stemwinder, in Greenwood camp (now Phcenix). Space limitations forbid further mention of the earlier days of a district that is only now justifying fully the BB_S~W |g^.y.- ; _ '^gj!38ia&£0£it ■ ^-"^Mjgill ES_ ! iSssgsEESS fcS* Bggfej^' 't -%9'\ '.] _*FS-§_§-^*^fc^ li &>- ^'r&^zr i Old Jolly Jack—A Boundary Pioneer. great expectations of the plucky and hardy men, who through many trying years "stayed with her," to use their own picturesque language. A few of them reaped a rich reward. More did not, but such is the common experience of the prospector. COLUMBIA & WESTERN RAILWAY. THE Columbia & Western railway was built under .a charter granted by the Provincial Legislature, in the spring of 1896, to Mr. F. Aug. Heinze, who first connected the towns of Rossland and Trail by means of a narrow-gauge line, since standardized and otherwise improved by the C. P. R. Co., and next built a standard gauge extension from Trail to West Robson. Then the C. P. R. Co. bought out Mr. Heinze's interests in this railway, having first matured its plans for extending its system westward from Robson to Midway, with a prospective later extension thence to its main line at Hope or Spence's Bridge, via Camp McKinney, Fairview and the Similkameen. The contract for the construction of the Robson-Mid- way portion of the Columbia & Western road was let to Mann, Foley Bros. & Larson in June, 1898, and on July 1st work was practically commenced. The rail 144 THE MINING RECORD. distance from the starting point on the Columbia river to Midway is 99 miles. Commencing at West Robson the road follows the Columbia for about 18 miles, gaining in altitude all the while, so that where it turns more westerly it is high above the river level. Running in a generally westerly direction it follows up Brooklyn river and about 4,000 feet above sea level, this being the highest altitude attained along the line. From Summit to Cascade, at the foot of Christina lake, the distance is 24 miles and the general direction southerly. On this long descent into the valley of the Kettle river the line passes through the Burnt basin, in McRae pass, Kettle River Bridge at Cascade, B. C creek to the divide between the head of this creek and Dog creek on the other side. Here there is a big tunnel, known as the Bull Dog tunnel, 3,000 feet long, 16 feet w.ide and 23 feet high. Some 40,000 cubic yards of rock were taken out of it, and the work of driving it through the mountain took nearly 18 months. This and the small town of Gladstone, down McRae creek to Christina lake, and thence along the eastern side of the lake to Cascade. From Cascade, about 13 miles to the adjoining towns of Grand Forks and Columbia, the road runs along the valley of the Kettle river. Then a turn northward is made up the north fork Shay Engine and Ore Cars, Eholt. B. C tunnel reduces the elevation 500 feet, the summit of the mountain over which the road would otherwise have had to go being that much higher than the tunnel level. From Tunnel the line runs up Dog creek eight miles to Summit, which is 2,575 feet above the Columbia of Kettle river, ascending once again, and after passing Niagara—a deserted construction town—a westerly direction is maintained up Brown's creek until Eholt is reached at about 14 miles from Grand Forks. Leaving Eholt, where the Phcenix branch joins the main line, J r THE MINING RECORD. 145 and continuing westwards, Eholt creek is followed for seven miles to its confluence with Boundary creek, and thence south two miles to Greenwood, where is the junction with the Deadwood branch. From Greenwood it goes nine miles down Boundary creek to its present -3>c_> Rock Cut near Niagara, Columbia & Western Railway. terminus at Midway, passing Anaconda at one mile and Boundary Falls at five miles from Greenwood. The work of construction was particularly heavy in parts. Altogether about 1,500,000 yards of rock were Western Terminus Columbia & Western Railway. moved, the rock work, outside of the big tunnel, having been heaviest along the North Fork. Besides the Bull Dog tunnel there were six other tunnels, three along Arrow lake, on the Columbia, one on McRae creek, near Gladstone, and two along the North Fork, these tunnels aggregating about 2,200 feet in length. The longest bridge and trestle is the one approaching and crossing the Kettle river at Grand Forks ; the highest bridge is that over Porcupine creek, between Summit and the big tunnel, this being 190 feet high ; but the bridge requiring in its building the greatest amount of labour and material is the one over Kettle river as Cascade approached from the east. This last bridge is 1,500 feet long and 90 feet above river level, and in its construction some 1,500,000 feet (board measure) of lumber were used. There are as well numerous small bridges along the line. The rails used are steel, running" 73 lbs. to the yard on all heavy grades, and lighter weights, chiefly 60 lbs., on levels or where grades are easy. The road is very substantially built, has excellent passenger and freight building accommodation at Boundary Falls. all stations, and is well equipped with rolling stock. The chief engineer of construction was Mr. W. F. Tye, C. E., who made the exploratory surveys during the time of Mr. Heinze's connection with the Columbia & Western. His principal assistant throughout was Mr. J. G. Sullivan, C.E. The divisional engineers were Messrs. F. M. Young, G. Farr, Oscar Englund, L. M. Rice and A. Dennis. Mr. J. W. Stewart, C. E., superintended construction on behalf of the contractors. The average cost of construction was about $40,000 a mile, making the total cost about $4,000,000. This is exclusive of about 25 miles of branch lines afterwards made to Deadwood, Summit, Phcenix and Wellington camps. 1 ii 146 THE MINING RECORD. CAMP McKINNEY AND ROCK CREEK. THE Year Book of British Columbia thus describes Camp McKinney : The discovery of Camp McKinney was made in 1884 by two placer miners, who uncovered free gold-bearing quartz. The camp, however, takes its name from AI. McKinney, who located the first mineral claim, staking out the now well known Cariboo mine. Camp McKinney has ever since been a more or less active field for prospectors and miners. It is situated at an altitude of 4,600 feet, on round-topped hills, almost midway between Penticton and Greenwood, about 50 miles from the former and 40 miles from the latter. It is bounded on two sides by the forks of Rock creek, while Rice creek flows through the centre. The government wagon road affords communication between the points named. Rock Creek, a short distance in the direction of Greenwood, was in the sixties a very active placer mining camp, and gold to the value of several million dollars is said to have been taken therefrom. Of later years the deposits have been only worked at intervals. The formation is in a northerly and southerly direction, and consists mainly of highly altered schistose, diabases banded with quartzites, crystalline limestones Rock Creek Placer.' and gneisses. West of the camp there is a large tract of granite, gneiss and porphyry. The veins for the most part are fissures, cutting across the formation in an easterly and westerly direction, in which they are frequently encountered. The ores in the central portion of the camp ar£ carried in quartz or quartzites, and are free-milling or concentrating. About two miles away, however, there have been found dykes carrying good values in pyrrhotite, pyrites and chalcopyrite. At one time there was considerable activity in Camp McKinney (the result to some extent of speculation) and a number of properties were worked, but at the present time operations are confined to a few leading properties. In many respects it is a promising camp, with, however, the vicissitudes incident to a free-milling industry. To the foregoing may be added the following : The Cariboo-McKinney Mining & Milling Co., Ltd. (formerly the Cariboo Mining, Milling & Smelting Co.) authorized capital $1,250,000 in $1.00 shares, was incorporated in 1898. The directors are Messrs. Robert Jaffray, president; H. M. Pellat, vice-president; Geo. B. McAulay, managing director; S. W. McMichael, treasurer; A. Ansley, Thos. Long and G. B. Smith. The head office is in Toronto, Ontario. Mr. J. P. Keane is mine superintendent. The mining properties owned by the company are the following adjoining claims : Okanagan, Sawtooth fraction, Amelia, Cariboo, Alice, Emma and Maple Leaf. The deepest workings in the mine are down to nearly 600 feet depth. Much cross-cutting and drifting has been done on various levels and a large quantity of ore 'has been mined and milled during the years the Cariboo has been worked. During 1901 there were mined and milled 16,862 tons of ore, which yielded 9,439 ounces of gold bullion and 428 tons of concentrates. At the present time there are reserves of ore in sight sufficient to keep the stamp mill going for about two years. The plant includes two boilers, a 60-h. p. hoisting engine and a 10-drill Rand compressor in the shaft house, and four batteries of five stamps each (giving 20 stamps in all), a 60-h. p. Corliss engine, two Johnstone vanners, a Wilfley table, Blake crusher, Gates crusher and other appliances in the stamp and concentrating mill. The mill crushes on an average about 1,400 tons of ore per month, which results in a monthly clean-up of about $15,000 besides the value contained in the concentrates, which are hauled to Midway and sent thence by rail to .the Hall Mining & Smelting Co.'s smelter at Nelson, B. C. The mine and mill employ between 50 and 60 men, but it is probable that operations will ere long be on a larger scale. The Cariboo paid dividends aggregating $478,087 up to October, 1900, but ceased paying from then up to March of the current year, when the aggregate was increased to $496,837. The most prominent among numerous other claims in the camp are the Waterloo and Fontenoy, located as extensions of the Cariboo vein, and the Sailor and Minnehaha near by. Of these the only one now doing any work is the Waterloo, operating on a small scale. APPROXIMATE DISTANCES OF BOUNDARY POINTS. THE railway distances from West Robson, on the Columbia river, westwards to Boundary towns are, approximately:—To Cascade, 55 miles; Grand Forks, 68 miles ; Eholt, 82 miles ; Phcenix (via branch line) 02 miles ; GreenMood, 90 miles ; Midway, 99 miles. The distances by waggon road eastwards from Penticton, at the foot of Okanagan lake, are, approximately : — To Camp McKinney, 52 miles ; Rock Creek, 70 miles ; Midway, 82 miles ; Greenwood, 90 miles ; Phcenix, 95 miles ; Grand Forks, no miles; Cascade, 123 miles ; and Bossburg (in Washington, on the Spokane Falls & Northern railway), 150 miles. ALTITUDES OF BOUNDARY POINTS. MR. L. M. RICE, C.E., who had charge of the surveys, and was the resident official supervising construction of the Boundary portion of the Columbia & Western railway, published a map of the district upon which appeared the following elevations :— Feet. Phoenix (on Old Ironsides and Banner mines) 4,625 Winnipeg mine 4,425 Hartford Junction 4,300 City of Lincoln mine — White's camp 4,150 B. C. mine—Summit camp 3,800 Long Lake 3,7°o Mother Lode mine—Deadwood camp 3,45° Oro Denoro mine—Summit camp 3,4°° Eholt 3,080 Greenwood 2,400 Midway 1,900 Grand Forks 1,710 THE MINING RECORD. 147 PHOZNIX CAMP MINES. THE GRANBY CONSOLIDATED MINING, SMELTING AND POWER CO., LTD. T HIS company was incorporated on May n, 1901, with an authorised capital of $15,000,000 in 1,500,000 shares at $10 each. Of these shares 1,210,633 were issued to shareholders in the four companies of which this company is a consolidation, and the remainder placed in the treasury for future use in the interests of the company. The directors are S. H. C. Miner, Granby, Quebec, president ; Jay P. Graves, Spokane, Washington, U.S.A., vice-president and general manager ; A. C. Flumerfelt, Victoria, B. C, asst. general manager ; A. L. White, Montreal, Quebec, secretary ; Fayette Brown, Montreal, Quebec, and J. H. McKechnie and W. A. Robinson, both of Granby, Quebec. The officials resident in the district are Geo. W. work was done on the Old Ironsides prior to 1897, in which year a steam hoist was put in and development commenced in earnest. The Knob Hill at this time had one of the biggest surface showings to be seen in the Boundary, a deep open cut about 90 feet in length exposing a mass of ore. Big as this showing was though, it gave no idea of the magnitude of the ore body opened up by later development, but the driving of a tunnel and crosscuts, and the blocking out of what was literally an acre of ore, followed afterwards by more extensive workings, disclosed the occurrence here of ore in such enormous quantities that even to-day most people are incredulous as to the immense proportions of the ore body until after they have seen it for themselves. Similarly, it is literally true that "acres of ore " were blocked out in the Old Ironsides and Victoria, as the writer can testify from personal observation, for when taken underground in these mines two years ago he walked around three blocks of ore each not less than an acre. Granby Con. M., S. & P. Co's Old Ironsides and Knob Hill Mines, Phcenix. B.C. Wooster, treasurer ; H. N. Galer, assistant to managers and purchasing agent; W Yolen Williams, superintendent of mines, and A. B. W. Hodges, superintendent of smelter. The company's head office and smelter are at Grand Forks, B. C, and its mines are at Phcenix, B. C. The four companies included in the consolidation were the Old Ironsides Mining Co., Knob Hill Gold Mining Co., Granby Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co., and Grey Eagle Mining Co. The mineral claims acquired from these several companies were the Old Ironsides, Knob Hill, Victoria, Fourth of July, Phcenix, ^tna, Grey Eagle, Banner, Tip-Top and Triangle fraction, all adjoining claims in or adjacent to the town of Phcenix. The Old Ironsides and Knob Hill were both located on July 25, 1891, and are the oldest locations in what is officially known as Greenwood camp, but now generally called Phcenix camp. The Old Ironsides Company was registered in British Col umbia in December, ii )Z)> and the Knob Hill in Janu ary, 1897. But a limited quantity of underground Space limitations prevent anything more than a brief summary of the development work done being given here. The aggregate footage -of development in the company's mines to March 21 of the current year^chief- ly in the Old Ironsides, Knob Hill and Victoria, is 14,- 771 lineal feet, or within about a thousand feet of three miles. Of this total 2,689 feet are sinking and raising, and 12,082 feet in crosscutting and drifting. These figures show the number of feet done in underground development work proper, but leave entirely out of consideration the numerous large drifts and raises in the huge ore bodies preliminary to opening out the big stopes characteristic of these mines, which are being extensively worked underground down to the 300-foot level. The shaft known as No. 2 has been sunk to a depth of 400 feet, but no station has yet been opened at that depth. These workings are connected by long crosscuts and raises with those of the Knob Hill and at the 300-foot level are 550 feet, vertical depth, below the apex or outcrop on the Knob Hill, the ore bodies being 148 THE MINING RECORD. continuous from the summit of the mountain on the Knob Hill through the Old Ironsides to other claims beyond, also owned by the Granby Company. One of the most remarkable phases of mining to be seen in the district is that of ore quarrying at the Knob Hill mine. The two accompanying views serve to give some idea of the ore quarries, but the photographs were taken last October and these open workings have been so much enlarged during the intervening six months that the impression conveyed by the views is now a totally inadequate one. The workings have been opened on the north side of the hill, in four or five places, three of which appear in one of the views. The big quarry appearing in the other view is the highest up the hill. These openings are, along a distance of about 900 feet, of 100 feet. These serve as chutes down which the ore is thrown and is trammed thence through the tunnel to the ore bins. As the raises are also in ore there is now a workable face of ore 164 feet in depth down to the tunnel level. Arrangements are now in progress to run the railway cars into the two lower quarries and there load them by means of steam shovels. As will be seen the lowest quarry is on the ore-track level ; a switchback has been put in and a track laid up to the tunnel level, on which it will be swung round the end of the building and into the centre quarry. The double track shown in the foreground of the view runs past the ore bins and thence on 400 or 500 yards, doubling back to the mouth of the tunnel, passing in front of the building shown, in which have been installed two 80 horse-power hori- , if General View cfr Ore Quarries, Granby Con. M., S. & P. Co's Knob Hill Mine. in ore known to extend for about 3,000 feet in length on the company's ground. Similar work has been commenced from the south end, on the southern slope of the hill, working northwards. Where stripped on the northern slope this enormous ore body has a width of from 300 to 400 feet, but it has not yet been worked to more than about a third of that distance, the top quarry being about 100 feet in width. As now opened the deepest face of ore is about 80 feet, but a big cut — the lowest shown in the view—is being run into the hill at a level that will eventually give an open face of more than 200 feet in maximum depth. The Knob Hill main tunnel, which is on the same level as the middle quarry as the three shown in the view, its portal being hidden by the buildings, is 84 feet in vertical depth below the floor of the top quarry shown. Six large raises have been made from the tunnel to the quarry at intervals zontal return tubular boilers, a"io-drill "duplex cross- compound condensing Rand air compressor, two air receivers and other plant, power for working the machine drills in the quarries and underground workings of the Knob Hill being supplied from here. A similar plant is being installed at the Old Ironsides where there is more boiler power in addition, together . with hoisting engines at shafts Nos. 1 and 2, and electric light engine and dynamo, steam pumps and other appliances, and a single ended timber-framing machine, driven by a 45 horse-power Meyers cut-off engine made by the Jenckes Machine Co. A small hoist has been placed at the mouth of a new shaft sunk on the southern boundary of the Victoria. This shaft is centrally situated in regard to all claims owned by this company, and it is connected with the 300 level of the Victoria. It is intended to make this the main working five- THE MINING RECORD. 14. compartment shaft. The company recently ordered put having been so largely increased as to make more from the Jenckes Machine Co. a 12 x 18 double cylin- drilling power a necessity. The buildings erected for Timber Framing Machine, Granby Co's Mines. der single drum reversible engine, similar to that sup- the accommodation of employees in connection with plied by the same manufacturers to the Sunset mine. It these mines are commodious, substantial and comfort- is intended to put in a large air compressor, the ore out- able. Besides the larger buildings the company has i9r^*mm?m. mm-.' Part of Ore Quarry at the Gi anby Con. M., S. & P. Cos Knob Hill Mine. 150 THE MINING RECORD. provided a number of residence houses for married employees. A few words in conclusion in connection with the ore shipments. These commenced in July of 1900, and during that month 2,791 tons were shipped to the company's smelter at Grand Forks. There was a rapid increase in the quantity sent out during the remainder of the year, the output for December having been 19,513 tons, the total to the end of 1900 having been 64,531 tons. During 1901 monthly shipments ranged from 17,360 tons in February to 21,596 tons in December, the aggregate for the year having been 131,762 tons. This year's figures for three months to March 31 are :— January, 17,571 tons ; February, 20,206 tons, and March, 30,589 tons ; total, 68,366 tons. The aggregate of all shipments from July? 1900, to March, 1902, inclusive, is 364,659 tons. As the output for April will show a substantial incr ease over that of March, the grand total tonnage will have exceeded 400,000 tons by the time this shall be published. And yet the limit of increase is by no means reached, f o r Supt. Williams, under whose competent direction these big mines have been steadily developed from their prospect days up to their present magnitude, i s preparing for an anticipated daily output ere this year closes of not less than 2,000 tons per diem. SNOWSHOE GOLD AND COPPER MINES, LTD. The Snowshoe Gold and Copper Mines, Ltd., was formed in London, England, in June of last year to acquire and work the "Snowshoe group, consisting of the Snow- Snowshoe Mine—Mr. J. W. Astley, C.E., Resident Superinti deputy chairman ; Mr. C. G. Pym, Dr. H. Lewis Jones and Mr. Anthony J. McMillan, managing director. The Snowshoe is the principal claim in the group, nearly all the development work done to date having been done on it. This claim was located by W. A. McDonald on April 18, 1893. Later it passed into the possession of Messrs. Robt. Denzler, W. W. Gibbs and Thos. McDonnell. Before the property was acquired by the British Columbia (Rossland & Slocan) Syndicate, Mr. Gibbs disposed of his interest to Mr. Robt. Wood, of Greenwood. Prior to the syndicate obtaining possession of it the Snowshoe had in 1897 and 1898 been under bond, the former year to " Patsy" Clark, of Spokane, Wash., and in the latter to a company represented by Mr. Rienzi W. Macfarlane, C.E. Mr. Clark did not do sufficient work to demonstrate the value of the Snowshoe, and Mr. Macfarlane's p r i n c i- pals were unable to proceed with the development and purchase of the property by reason of a shortage of money. Following the receipt of favourable reports from Mr. Macfarlane and Mr. J. W. Astley, M.E., the latter being consulting engineer to the syndicate, an option was obtained on the Snowshoe by Mr. A. J. McMillan for the British Columbia (Rossland & Slocan) Syndicate, which eventually purchased the claim, acquiring later the other claims in the group. At date the number of lineal feet of work done in underground development of the Snowshoe is 6,300, of which about 1,650 feet are sinking and raising and 4,650 feet crosscutting and drifting-. The first work shoemineand the Pheasant, Alma fraction and Fair- ......,, ,,,., , play fraction mineral claims, containing in all about run at 100 and 200 feet 120 acres. The claims adjoin and are situate in the Grand Forks Mining Division, about half a mile from the town of Phcenix. The Snowshoe company has a capital of ^250,000 ($1,250,000) divided into 250,000 shares of £1 ($5.00) each, of which 150,000 were issued to the British Columbia (Rossland and Slocan) Syndicate, Ltd., vendor and promoter (which spent more than .£25,000 on buildings, machinery and development work on the Snowshoe), as the purchase price of the property sold to the larger company. Of the 100,000 shares of treasury stock nearly half were subscribed for when the the company was organised. The directors of the company are the Earl of Chesterfield, chairman ; Mr. Geo. S. Waterlow, (of Waterlow & Sons, Ltd., London), done below ground was the sinking of an incline shaft, now down 200 feet, from which levels were On these levels about 1,500 feet of crosscutting and drifting have been done, and two raises have been made to the surface. Much of this work, which is in the eastern part of the claim about midway between the north and south boundary lines, is in ore, a considerable quantity of which was taken out in the course of this development. The company's property extends easterly, and the ore bodies dip in the same direction. The total tonnage of Snowshoe ore shipped from the Snowshoe to date is 2,785 tons. The mouth of the above-mentioned shaft is higher than the level of the C. P. R. railway, which crosses the property. Below the railway and in the southern part of the claim a tunnel has more recently been run westward into the hill which rises rapidly to the western THE MINING RECORD. 151 boundary of the property. The workings here are comparatively extensive and in a big ore body apparently parallel to that in which the shaft is sunk. This ore trusion of waste. A winze sunk ioo feet below^the tunnel to No. 2 level, was in ore for 40 feet when the ore dipped out, but a crosscut from the bottom of the winze Snowshoe Mine, Near Phcenix. body was cut by the railway grade, so the tunnel after- ran into the ore at 88 feet and continued in it for 170 wards driven into it is known as the " railroad" tun- feet, when the wall was encountered. A deal of cross- nel. For about 300 feet, excepting where a 25-foot cutting and drifting has been done on No. 2 level, dike of waste crossed it, the tunnel was continuously which has also been connected with No. 1 level by ■»*0_^> -_~^_- "^v-'.VJ^"v'':-^-r rr^-r - *S_j_i_Si-ii_ii --*^^S_TNS*l&i__ Miners to Machine Drill, Snowshoe Mine. in ore. The tunnel was extended for a long distance beyond, with the object of cutting ore bodies should any lie ahead. A raise on the incline 150 feet to the surface was also in ore, except where it passed through one in- means of a raise. A winze from No. 2 was sunk until water came in, when the diamond drill was used to prospect to greater depth. Following the obtainment of much information from these prospecting operations, 152 THE MINING RECORD. which warranted more extensive and permanent work being entered upon, a large main working shaft is now being sunk on this part of the property. Work is in progress from the surface and at both levels simultaneously, so that much expedition is resulting, and the Supt. Astley's Residence, Snowshoe Mine. shaft will consequently be soon available for the enlarged operations the management of the mine has in view. Preparations have also been made on the Snowshoe to quarry ore on a large scale. The surface debris has been removed from the greater portion of one area ex- to the smelter, this having been found to contain values more than sufficient to pay for thus disposing of it. Body of Ore Exposed on Snowshoe Railway Cut. Quarrying operations have already been put in hand, and a railway spur and ore bins constructed at a level that admits of the ore being trammed from the quarry Dump of Ore at the Snowshoe. Mouth, of the Railroad Tunnel. tending about 500 feet north and south and 120 feet east and west, and from a small area across a small gulch to the southward. Overiying the solid rock there is a large quantity of decomposed ore which will be sent to the ore bins and being loaded on to railway cars at small cost. The Snowshoe ores vary in character, the gangue being sometimes silicious, sometimes calcareous, whilst THE MINING RECORD. 153 again it is a magnetite or specular hematite. All carry gold and copper. The copper either sprinkled freely throughout or more generally disseminated in very fine particles. In parts of the mine the several varieties occur in quite distinct bodies and in others they are mixed together. The power plant on the mine includes two steam boilers, two air compressors together rated at about 12 drills, machine drills, hoisting engine at the shaft and an auxiliary hoist in the tunnel, steam pumps, etc. The first half of a Rand-Corliss 30-drill air compressor, to have a working pressure of 125 lbs., a combined machine to be driven by either steam or electricity, and two 80 horse-power horizontal return tubular boilers, with a working pressure of 150 lbs. (those boilers being the first of this class to be brought into the district) have been ordered from the Jenckes Machine Co. and are now on the way to the mine. As the Cascade Water & Power Co's transmission lines cross the Snowshoe ground DOMINION COPPER CO., LTD. The Dominion Copper Co., Ltd., has its head office in Toronto, Ontario. Its authorised capital is $5,000,- 000, in shares of $1 each. The directors are : Hon. G. A. Cox, president; and Messrs. Wm. MacKenzie, D. D. Mann, E. R. Wood and Hugh Sutherland, managing director. The company's mining properties are the Brooklyn, Stemwinder, Montezuma, Standard and Rawhide mineral claims, all situate at or near the town of Phcenix. No work is being done on any of the claims at the present time, but the company employed about a hundred men during the greater part of last year doing development work, principally on the Brooklyn, the work done on the Idaho and Rawhide having been much less extensive. There is not much reliable information available regarding these properties. It is known though that development work approximating between 3,000 and Brooklyn Mine, Dominion Copper Company. it will be easy to obtain electric power whenever needed. The accompanying general view shows the mine buildings, most of which are quite new. They are commodious and comfortably fitted, so the mine employees are well housed. Mr. J. W. Astley, M.E., the resident superintendent, had fifteen years' experience as a mining engineer in the states of Montana and Idaho, U. S. A., before coming to British Columbia in 1896. At the Drumlomond mine, Marysville, Montana, he was associated with others in solving the problem of how to deal profitably with low- grade ores, an experience that is serving him in good stead in the Boundary. At Rossland, B. C, he had the direction of the mining affairs of Mr. F. Aug. Heinze. Later he became consulting engineer to the British Columbia (Rossland & Slocan) Syndicate, Ltd., and in this capacity supervised the development of the Snowshoe, and when the company now under notice was formed he was appointed superintendent and took up his residence at the mine. 4,000 lineal feet has been done on the Brooklyn, which has a shaft 268 feet in depth from which levels have been run at 150 and 250 feet depth, respectively. Much ore, averaging $5 to $6 per ton, which seems to be somewhere about the prevailing value of the larger bodies of copper ore occurring in the district, has been opened up. It is stated on what is believed to be good authority, that one chute of ore in the Brooklyn mine has been proved'to be at least 1,000 feet in length and 20 feet in width at the 250-foot level. The adjoining Stemwinder has a shaft 344 feet in depth, but only a comparatively small footage of drifting and crosscutting has as yet been done in this mine. The Idaho, which adjoins the Brooklyn on the south, has had a shaft sunk on it and some crosscutting has been j done from this towards the workings of 'the Brooklyn. A shaft has been sunk 184 feet on the Rawhide, connecting at that depth with a crosscut tunnel driven about 600 feet into the hill. Some nice ore was met with in sinking this shaft, but very little work was i I 154 THE MINING RECORD. done towards determining the size of the ore chute. The power plant in use at the Brooklyn and Stem- winder mines, when they were working, includes three boilers, two 5-drill air compressors, two hoisting engines, steam pumps, etc. A larger air compressor was obtained last year, but this has not yet been installed. It is the first half of a cross compound Corliss engine of the Ingersoll-Sergeant type, and has a capacity of 15 drills. This machine is so arranged that should the company at any time determine to double the air capacity the other half can be added. The Brooklyn mine is equipped throughout with Ingersoll-Sergeant drills, the whole plant having been supplied by the Jas. Cooper Manufacturing Co., Ltd., of Montreal, Quebec. r employed in these mines, leaving out of consideration the fact that the Dominion Copper Co. may at any time resume work and give employment to from 100 to 200 men in its mines. And since the policy of the Granby Co. is in a degree to encourage its miners and other employees to make their homes in the town, the outlook for Phcenix appears to be favourable. Phcenix was incorporated last year, Mr. George W. Rumberger, who virtually started the town, is its mayor, and its aldermen are Messrs. John Bradley, J. H. Graham, Jas. Marshall, John McRae, D. G. Munroe and W.W.Rogers. Mr. D. McMillan, its city clerk, recently resigned, and at the time of writing his successor has not been appointed. Phcenix has also an active Board The '"City" of Phcenix Eighteen Months Ago. The town has since grown. THE TOWN OF PHCENIX. PHCENIX is the centre and leading mining camp of the Boundary, at least so claims the Phcenix Pion- eer, which merits its reputation of being the newsiest and best all-round newspaper published in the district, albeit at times disposed to take credit for its own town to a somewhat greater extent than appears fair to others who have no interest in any particular town or part of the district. But the claim that Phcenix is the leading mining camp is well grounded, for with such mining properties as the Granby Co's mines, the Dominion Copper Co's Brooklyn and Stemwinder group, the Snowshoe and the Gold Drop, either within the city limits or in the immediate vicinity of the town, no exception can fairly be taken to such an assertion. Notwithstanding that neither at the Dominion Copper Co's mines, nor at the Gold Drop is any work being done just now, there must be between 400 and 500 men on the pay rolls of the mines that are in operation, and since both the Granby mines and the Snowshoe are preparing for a largely increased output, the prospects are favourable for the addition during the current year of from 100 to 200 men to the number now regularly of Trade, Mr. Rumberger being president and Mr. W. B. Willcox, editor of the Pioneer, secretary. The Eastern Townships Bank has a branch here, and several of the mercantile establishments carry large stocks and occupy substantial buildings that are a credit to the town. A brewery and a^well-stocked lumber yard are other local business concerns. Railway, telegraph and telephone connection afford means of ready communication,whilst waggon roads to surrounding mining camps give these places convenient access to the town. A stage line between Phcenix and Greenwood facilitates travel between the two towns. The local miners' union is strong numerically, and there are besides a carpenters' union, a white cooks and waiters union and a socialistic club. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that Phcenix will not permit Chinese to remain in the town, in which respect it stands alone among the larger towns of the Boundary. Phcenix has its own Water and Light Co. Last, though not least, the medical and legal professions are well represented in Phcenix. The public school building in Phcenix is fairly adequate to present requirements, but as the population of the town which the Dominion census last year placed at 866, increases more accommodation will be required. THE MINING RECORD. 155 THE ORE DEPOSITS OF THE BOUNDARY DISTRICT, B. Ct By K. W. Brock, Ottawa. THE district treated of in this paper is that lying along the International boundary line, in the neighbourhood of and between the valleys of the North Fork of the Kettle river and Boundary creek, B. C. Following upon the construction of the Columbia & Western railway, a little over two years ago, and the installation of smelters at Greenwood and Grand Forks, a year and. a half ago, the district at once took a foremost place in British Columbia lode mining, and it now ranks as one of the most important factors in the production of copper in Canada. While the mountains are not rugged, and the western and southern slopes are often open, prospecting has not been easy, on account of the covering of drift which conceals the rocks over a considerable portion of the surface, and on account of the complex geological structure of the district. Eruptive rocks, including granites, greenstones, lavas (and associated tuffs) and various intrusive dikes, have the widest distribution. More or less altered sedimentary rocks (limestones, ar- gilites, quartzites), together with more highly altered metamorphosed rocks, including serpentine, are met with in all parts of the district; but do not, as a rule, have large dimensions in any one place, being usually nothing more than inclusions of older formations, caught up in the intrusive rocks. The oldest rocks recognized in the district are the sedimentary and crystalline rocks. In the southeastern part of the district, just west of Grand Forks, some crystalline mica and hornblende schists and crystalline limestone occur, which resemble, lithogically, the rocks of the Shuswap series (Archean), but they may possibly merely represent, in a more highly metamorphosed form the argillites and limestones found elsewhere in the district. The argillites are normally dark or red, occasionally highly carbonaceous, but are often altered to grey knotted schist, or hornfels, or they may be largely silicified. The limestones are usually white and crystalline, but occasionally show an original black colour. In places the lime is replaced by silica forming cherty orquartzite- like jasperoid rocks. True quartzite is only sparingly found. Closely associated with these is a serpentine, probably derived from a basic eruptive rock. It is frequently altered to a siliceous dolomite or magnesite. These rocks form a series closely resembling and probably the same age as the Cache creek series described by Dr. Dawson, and ascribed by him to the carboniferous formation. Somewhat younger than the sedimentary rocks is the greenstone, which has the greatest areal distribution of all. the rocks of the district. Often it is altered but where its structure is preserved, it appears to be an augite-porphyrite, sometimes agglomeratic, similar to that rock found in many parts of West Kootenay, notably around Rossland. It cuts and holds inclusions of the older rocks ; indeed, in most of their occurrences'the latter appear simply as islands in the greenstone, varying in size from small fragments, closely packed and almost filling the greenstone matrix, to bands hundreds of meters long. Under pressure it becomes schistose and difficult to detect from some of the included argillites. Occurring with it are banes of a tuff-like rock, filled with fragments of the older rocks, and interband- ed with fine-grained ash-like bands. t Read before the Canadian Mining Institute by permission ol the Acting Director of the Geologic! Survey. ■■ Younger than, and cutting the greenstone, is a gray hornblende-biotite granite, which is exposed near Greenwood in Wellington Camp, and on Hardy mountain. Gray granite porphyry dikes from it cut the older formations a long way from the parent masses. The white altered porphyry on McCarren creek and at the City of Paris mine may belong to this series of dikes. This granite will probably prove to be the same rock as the Nelson granite, of West Kootenay, and about Jurassic in age. Near Central Camp, and northwest of it, are bosses and dikes of a gray granite rock, which closely resembles the Rossland monzonite, but until it has been carefully studied it is still uncertain that it is the same rock. Younger granites occur just outside the area described. Beds of volcanic rock are found at several points overlying the rocks already referred to. These are remnants of a sheet of volcanics which once covered the entire country, but which, in this district, have been largely removed by erosion. The series consist of coarse and fine tuffs, ash beds and shales (in which coal is sometimes found), with sheets of andesites, basalts, and other volcanic rocks. These latter are sometimes locally termed "bird's-eye porphyry." This series is probably of Tertiary age. Dikes of a reddish or yellowish syenite-porphyry, having a fine-grained ground mass, with conspicuous rosette-like phenocrysts of feldspar and some biotite, a*-e common in the mineralized portions of the district, though wanting in the unmineralized. On the Carbonates claim, this reddish porphyry is seen as a contact facies of a coarse syenite porphyry similar to those observed east of the North Fork and in the Rossland district, where such dikes are known to be from the Rossland granite. They would appear to have the same relationship here, but it is yet to be proved that they have no genetic connection with the volcanic flows as well. Dark lamprophyric dikes and some of a brownish basalt-like rock also occur. The ore bodies may for convenience be roughly divided into three classes : (i) The large low-grade copper- bearing sulphide deposits ; (2) The oxidized copper veins, and (3) The small gold and silver-bearing quartz veins. Undoubtedly the most striking characteristic of the deposits of the first class is their enormous size. In structure these deposits belong to composite-vein type, formed by mineralizing solutions traversing the country rock, principally along fissures or zones of fissures in which they deposit the economic minerals, and from which they replace with their mineral contents, particle by particle, sometimes only partially, sometimes completely, the original material of the country rock. On the outskirts of an ore body this substitution may be seen in all stages of development, the individual constituents of the country rock being one by one replaced. Sometimes as on the Emma claim, the replacement of the country rock has gone on so evenly that a completely banded ore has resulted. A banded structure cannot therefore be taken as a proof of open filling. According to the most prominent mineral content, this class of deposits may be subdivided into a pyritic type, in which pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, with some pyrite, are the chief minerals. Excepting that the pyrrhotite of the one is represented by magnetite in the other, these 'wo types appear to be identical. Both the magnetite and the pyrrhotite replace the constituents of the cbuntry rock in the same way, both seemed to have been formed on the whole, a little prior to the other vein minerals, holding them in little veins, or as points scattered through, yet sometimes interbanded with them ; they are both accompanied by the same acces- 156 THE MINING RECORD. I 1 [1 I 1 ___ sory and gangue minerals, and the country rocks show the same alterations in both cases. Rarely do both the pyrrhotite and magnetite occur in the same deposit. Besides the metallic minerals already mentioned, some marcasite appears to occasionally be present, and sometimes arsenopyrite, galena, zinc-blende and molybdenite; but these are in all cases subordinate in quantity. Te- trahedrite has been found on the City of Paris. Specular iron is found somewhat sparingly, and bismuthinite occurs on one claim. Calcite is a common gangue mineral, sometimes well crystallized, forming large masses, and also in the form of little seams through the ore and country rock. Seldom is it found in large quantities in those parts of a vein in which magnetite is heavily concentrated. Quartz is also an abundant gangue stone, occurring in the same way as the calcite, though I have not observed it well crystallized. Silification of the country rock to a cherty or quartzite-like (jasperoid) mass, is a common, though not invariable, phenomenon in the neighborhood of a vein. Red and green, garnet (probably grossular- ite and almondine) epidote are very abundant in and near the veins, both well crystallized and massive, often interbanded with the ores, and forming a very large percentage of the vein material. The progress of this formation may be observed at many points in all stages not only when limestone, but also when greenstone and granite form the country rock. In the Mother Lode, where limestone seems to be the country rock, while these minerals are developed, the chief mass of the altered rock is made up of a felt-like aggregate of short green fibres apparently of actinolite. A beautiful white radial tremolite occurs in the limestone at the Morrison mine. Kaolin, chlorite and serpentine are probably among the alteration products, but until the microscopic examination of the rocks has been made, an accurate account of the secondary minerals and their relative importance cannot be given. The ores occur in all rocks except the most recent, the latter being the youngest granites, the porphyry and basic dikes and the Tertiary volcanics. In age, then, these deposits are probably early Tertiary. So far as yet found, mineralization is confined to districts which show evidence of recent disturbance, more particularly where the older rocks are cut by the recent intrusives. Limestone in such a district seems favourable for the deposition of ores. In some cases the ore occurs in the limestone itself, but more frequently it is found in a rock along its contact with limestone. Thus, in a greenstone, where it holds inclusions of limestone, the ore often occurs in the greenstone along its contact with the limestone, while the latter may show little or no mineralization. The lack of mineralization in the limestone in such cases may be due to the fact that the limestone often flows and forms compact lenticular masses, instead of fracturing under pressure, and thus furnishes no channels for the mineralizing solutions. If attacked and replaced by them, it must have been along the contacts, and this must have taken place comparatively evenly, leaving a clean cut unmineralized wall. While this may have been the case in some of the larger deposits, in many of the smaller veins occurring along such contacts, the mineralization shows a distinct preference for the greenstone, the limestone remaining unmineralized. That the contacts between lime and other rocks should be favonrable may have been due in part to the chemical influence of the lime in precipitating the mineral contents of the solutions, but it was also due to the lack of firm cementing between the limestone and the contact rock, which left free channels that the solutions used as highways and bases for their operations ; but while such contacts are favourable, mineralization is by no means confined to them. While most of the deposits are in greenstone, limestone or contacts between these, they also occur in the serpentine argillites and gray granite. Porphyry dikes are usually to be found in close proximity to the ores ; the ore lies parallel to a dike along its contact or in the immediate neighborhood. The dikes while containing traces of metallic minerals, show no signs of mineralization. In age they are about the same or a little younger than the ore deposits, showing the deposits to have been formed during or before the close of the cooling of the eruptive magmas. While the deposition of the mineral contents of the veins is evidently largely hydrothermal, many of the minerals formed are characteristic of contact zones, and there seems to be strong reasons for supposing the deposits to be connected with eruptive after-actions. The reasons tor this belief cannot be discussed at length in the.limits of a short paper. The magnetite appears to have been formed in the same way and under the same conditions as the pyrrhotite. It appears to be a primary constituent of the ore. Its formation seems to have depended upon a deficiency in sulphur, the available sulphur being seized upon by the copper and going to form chalcopyrite. On account of the variety of rocks in which the ores are found, it is evident that the source of the material veins cannot have been local. From the fact that the mineralized districts are much cut up by eruptive dikes, that areas of recent eruptions are close at hand, and vents from which the volcanic series were ejected were probably near by, and that magnetite so far seldom or never been found to have resulted from the deposition of ordinary mineral-bearing underground solutions, while common in contact metamorphism and as the result of solfataric action, it seems fair to conclude that the deposits have a connection with the recent eruptive rocks, and that at least some of the material was derived from the magma of the eruptives brought up by the after-actions characteristic of vulcan- ism. This view is supported by the independence of the deposits with regard to the country rocks, the resemblance of some of their materials to that of nickel- pyrrhotite and other deposits considered to be the products of magmatic secretion, and others to the products of volcanic after-action ; at the same time it is not claimed that deep-seated underground circulating waters have had no share in the mineralization. Indeed the mingling of solutions from the two sources may have had a marked influence in the precipitation of their mineral contents. There have been considerable movements since the ore was deposited ; numerous slips, some with gouge and secondary filling, traverse the ore bodies. This broken nature of the ground, coupled with the original irregularity in the form of the ore body, makes the exploitation of the smaller deposits sometimes difficult and precarious. The slips so far encountered have not been sufficiently large to have seriously affected the larger deposits. The serpentine is particularly full ot slips, some prior, but many subsequent to the formation of the ores, which make it probably the least satisfactory country rock in the district. The values in the ores are principally in copper and gold, sometimes with accessory silver. Further study is required to formulate the laws governing the distribution of gold values. Generally magnetite and pyrrhotite, when occurring alone, are almost barren, yet this is not always the case. Away from the chief centres of mineralization, while magnetite and pyrite are still sometimes found, the copper and gold are sparingly present. THE MINING RECORD. o/ A striking feature in the deposits is the lack of surface oxidation or alteration. At most, a few feet below the surface of the ground, the ore exhibits the same characters as are found in depth. The soil overlaying a deposit is often quite unstained, offering no indication of the underlying ore, and consequently adding to the difficulties of prospecting. Sometimes the surface of the ore even retains the glacial polishing. The explanation of this feature is probably to be found in the heavy glaciation to which this region has been subjected. In Copper Camp oxidized copper-bearing veins occur, forming at first sight a totally different type of deposit. One deposit is found at a contact between a dike of porphyry and crystalline limestone. Wedge - shaped tongues of the porphyry extend from the main dike into the limestone. Both the limestone and the dike are much fractured and traversed by little slips. These fractures cut the limestone into small blocks. In the limestone, and to a less extent in the fractures in the porphyry, along the contact,. are deposited various oxidation minerals of iron and copper, including native copper. These embrace red, massive and earthy hematite and yellow limonite, crystallized and massive malachite and azurite, a black amorphous substance, a mixture containing copper oxide (melaconite, lampadite and chalcocite), cuprite, often in transparent crystals, native copper, chrysocolla and probably copper pitchblende. The edges of the small limestone blocks have often been dissolved, and the copper ores then occur as encrustations surrounding a core of lime. The main fissures are filled'with the iron and copper minerals, the smaller principally with the copper. In the porphyry it is only the fractures near the contact which contain a thin film of copper ore, the rock itself remaining fresh and unaltered. So that this type of deposit is probably an oxidized and secondarily enriched form of a sulphide deposit similar to the first type of Boundary deposits, and produced by the action of surface waters. The iron of the sulphides has been removed or re-deposited as hematite and limonite, the copper has been more or less concentrated in the form of various oxidized minerals. At greater depth the unaltered iron and copper sulphides will presumably be found, although between the oxidized minerals and the unaltered sulphides it is quite possible that a zone of enriched sulphides will be found. The quartz veins constituting the third type of deposit are found in the neighborhood of the first type, but seem more abundant on the outskirts of areas of chief mineralization. They are sometimes parallel to the large sulphide bodies, but do not as a rule show the same regularity in their strike. In form they are more regular and they are usually enclosed between well-defined walls. Chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and zinc-blende are the chief metallic minerals. Tetra- hedrite and some rich silver minerals are said to have been found in some of these veins. The principal values are in silver and gold. In age and mode of formation there may have been little difference between these and the previous deposits, though in that case they would "probably represent the closing stage of mineralization. Some of the practical deductions from an examination of the ore deposits may be summarized as follows : Ores may be found in any of the older rocks where the other conditions for mineralization were favorable. Districts which show evidences of late disturbances, through vulcanism, manifested by intrusions of recent eruptives and heavy diking, are promising fields for prospecting. Limestone contacts in such areas should, in particular be carefully prospected. Since, with the exception of certain deposits in Copper Camp, there is no zone of oxidation, and secondary enrichment, in the main deposits, while the general conditions remain uuchanged, no loss of values is to be expected in depth. On account of the irregular form which the ore bodies may possess, and the complex nature of the rock formations, a careful and detailed study of the surface of the ground in the neighborhood of the mines would be of great practical assistance in the exploitation of the ore bodies. For the same reason development work must always be kept well ahead of the actual mining. Cross- cutting must frequently be resorted to, to determine the actual limits af the deposit, and to prove the existence or non-existence of parallel ore chutes. The limits of mineralization must be actually proved, and similarly that ore can be with certainty reckoned on, which has actually been blocked out. In this connection diamond drilling can be used with advantage. Careful magnetic surveys would always be of great value in locating ore bodies under the covering of drift, and also for testing for ore in the mines themselves. Especially good results should be obtainable by this method in the magnetic type of deposit, but it should also prove successful in the pyrrhotitic deposits. Where the ore occurs at a limestone contact the limestone wall may often be used for following the ore, it being kept in mind that the ore does not always follow strictly along the contact, and that the limestone'may pinch out without causing the ore to likewise give out. The dikes in some cases may be used in the same way. The pyrrhotite and magnetite should always be assayed, as a barren-looking material may carry good values. The minerals in the ore and the conditions where pay values occur should be carefully studied with a view to ascertaining which carries the values, and what were the causes which produced the concentration of valaes. The porphyry dikes, themselves, while not mineralized in the same way as the country rock, may in places prove auriferous. In prospecting, it is to be remembered that float may have been carried a considerable distance, even across valleys by the former glacier. The genera! course of the latter was about S 30° E, but it was influenced by the local topography. In a promising deposit of the oxidized copper type, one would be warranted in testing the[deposit to a sufficient depth to ascertain it a zone of enriched sulphides exists between the oxidized zone and that of the unaltered sulphides. Below the limits of alteration, the deposit may or may not be rich enough to work. CASCADE WATER POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY, LTD. THE main Kettle river, flowing from the west, at Cascade City rushes through a narrow, rocky gorge in a series of rapids and falls for a distance of about half a mile, in which distance it has a natural fall of 121 feet. 2$ It is estimated that there is a power equal to 6,000 to 7,000 horse-power available here at low water. For its development the Cascade Water Power & Light Company, Ltd., the stock of which is held by an English company represented in British Columbia by Mr.^S. S. Fowler, M.E., of Nelson, has constructed a big dam, excavated a waterway, built a pipe line and power-house, ordered the requisite plant and machinery for generating the power, and erected a transmission line from Cascade to Phcenix where are situated the largest and most productive copper mines in the Boundary district. 158 THE MINING RECORD. The dam has been constructed at the head of the gorge at Cascade. It is of timber cribwork filled with rock and is 40 feet wide at its base and slopes back until at the top it is 24 feet in width. Its total length is 400 feet, and its height from base to top is 50 feet in the deepest part, tapering off to 25 feet at the sides. The cribwork is filled with 10,000 cubic yards of rock. The site is a solid rock bed throughout, and the foundation timbers of the dam are firmly bolted to the rock. The stability of the dam has been amply demonstrated by an unexpected test of its strength, for at a time when the water was at extreme flood the log booms of a saw-mill, situate a few hundred yards higher up the river, gave way and about one million feet of logs were thrown feet at low water. The water will flow from the dam to the power-house, first in an open rock cut 225 feet in length, next through a tunnel driven 410 feet in solid rock, thence for 500 feet in another open rock cut to a concrete bulkhead. The areas of these rock cuts and tunnel, in excavating which some 35,000 yards of rock were removed, are so large that no appreciable loss of head will take place, consequently the water will enter the pipes at this bulkhead with a head equal to that of its level in the dam. From this bulkhead the water will pass through pipes for about 1,650 feet to the powerhouse. One circular stave pipe line, 7 feet in diameter, has been completed along its length of 1,400 feet. It is of selected clear Coast fir, the 2^ x 7-inch staves j 1 i'Mi • Cascade Water Power & Light Co's Dam. against the dam in a mass without in anyway damaging it. The permanent water level will be 10 feet below the top of the dam and provision has been made to control the level of the water, during periods of high water, by a series of 12 sluiceways which can be opened down to 12 feet below the normal level. These give an area of about 2,000 square feet of waterway through which to pass the flood water. The sluiceways are closed by means of 12 x 12 stop logs, dropped one on top of the other in suitable grooves. A steel rail track placed on top of the dam will admit of a travelling winch being run over the sluicways to draw up the stop logs as the water rises when the river is in flood. This winch will be operated by hand-p9wer or an electrical motor. The dam raises the water to a height of 35 feet above the natural level, thus givin a working head of 156 having been cut as segments of a circle and machined to the radius of the pipe. The staves are hooped every 12 inches by ^-inch round steel bands, each in two sections with connecting shoes for tightening. From the end of the stave pipe line 250 feet of circular steel pipe will convey the water down to the turbines. Two pipe outlets, with head gates, are being built into the bulkhead, the intention being to add later another stave pipe line, the second one to be 8 feet in diameter. In a natural bay at the foot of the falls the powerhouse has been erected on a site cut out of the solid rock, in excavating which some 10,000 yards of rock had to be removed. This building is a substantial fireproof structure of brick on foundation walls of stone, the foundation being 22 feet in depth on the lower side. The brick walls rise 30 feet from the floor level. The. THE MINING RECORD. 159 inside dimensions of the building are : Length, 150 feet; width, 45 feet, and height to peak of roof, 45 feet. Provision has been made for lengthening the power-house whenever such extension will be required. The power plant is now on the way in and should shortly reach Cascade. It will include three 750 kilo- wat generators (each equal to 1,000 horse-power), to be driven by horizontal turbines direct connected to the generators, and all necessary switch boards, transformers and other accessories. The turbines are of the horizontal type, two wheels in each case, and the generators of the three-phase alternating type, and step-up transformers will be used to raise the current for transmission. The electrical machinery is of the most modern construction of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. A right of way has been cleared and transmission lines erected from Cascade via Grand Forks to Phcenix, a distance of 21 miles. The right of way, from which Gorge and Falls, Cascade, B. C. all brush and timber has been cleared, is 132 feet wide. Two separate lines have been substantially constructed, with heavy cedar poles and three No. 3 gauge copper wires on each line, with provision for duplicating the wires when necessary. Every practicable precaution has been taken in clearing and constructing the lines to ensure the maintenance of a continuous current. The main distributing station, the erection of which is to be at once proceeded with, will be at Phcenix. It will be a substantial brick building, the plans for which are now being prepared. All construction work was designed by the engineer in charge, Mr. W. Anderson, C. E., who anticipates having everything in readiness for the supply of power during the ensuing summer. The company is there- lore now in a position to make contracts for delivery of power at rates which must necessarily be advantageous to those who- are operating existing steam plants, or others who contemplate new undertakings. B. C. CHARTERED CO., LTD. THE B. C. Chartered Company, Ltd., was incorporated April 6, 1899. lts authorised capital is $1,500,000 in $1.00 shares. Its directors are Messrs. F. L. Wanklyn, president ; Chas. E. L. Porte- ous, vice-president and managing director ; George A.Greene, W. G. Ross, E. G. Rykert, Wm. Strachan and J. R. Wilson. Its head office is in Street Railway Chambers, Montreal, Quebec ; Mr. J. Kitto, secretary, and its head office in British Columbia is at the B. C. mine, near Eholt, Boundary district, with Mr. S. F. Parrish, M. E., as attorney and manager. The company owns a group of properties situate in Summit camp, consisting of the following Crown-granted mineral claims : B. C., Truckee, Reveille, Hilda, Vashti, Falcon, J. W., London, Daisy fraction, B. C. fraction, and Novelty fraction, together containing an Mr. S. F. Parrish," M. E., General Manager B. C. Chartered Company. area of 268 acres. The B. C. upon which most of the development has been done, was located in the fall of 1896 and the following summer the work of opening up the mine was commenced. About 7,000 lineal feet of work have since been done in underground development of the mine, the deepest shaft in which is down 400 ft. The output of ore up to the end of 1901 was about 67,- 136,186 tons, having an average assay of .015 ozs. gold, 2.45 ozs. silver, and 5.8 per cent, copper wet assay. About four-tenths of this went to the Trail smelter and practically the whole of the remainder to the B. C. Copper'Company's smelter. From an article descriptive of the mine, contributed by Mr. Parrish and published in the Mining Record last July, it is learned that the country in which the B. C. ore chutes occur is limestone, which has undergone "*! 160 THE MINING RECORD. various degrees of alteration, from a white crystalised or marbleised rock to thoroughly metamorphosed limestone. Into this mass of rock sheets of porphyry, varying in thickness from four or five feet to thirty odd feet, have intruded, the intrusions having apparently followed more or less closely the bedding of the limestone. Cutting through these rock formations are several fault- ings having a general northerly and southerly strike, with a slight dip to the east. There does not appear to have been any great vertical displacement, but there are indications of a more or less extensive lateral movement. It is in or near this faulting that the ore is found, extending into the country rock in a lense-shaped mass, so far as developed having an extreme width of 65 feet by about 200 feet in length. This extends from the surface of the ground to a depth of nearly 300 feet, below which it has not as yet been followed. The ore lies in close contact with each porphyritic intrusion, both above and below it, the only effect having been a possible slight throw of the ore to the east. The ore itself is chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and some pyrite, with a small quantity of gold and silver. On the edges of the main ore body bunches of specular iron and zinc blende occasionally occur, but never in the ore mass. The specific gravity of the ore is 3.65 to 4.00. Garnet rock is the mineral most intimately associated with the ore, occur- Rand 4-drill air compressor ; half of a Class G Ingersoll-Sergeant air compressor, rated at ten drills ; one large and two small hoisting engines ; two No. 5 Cameron sinking pumps, etc. An electric light engine and dynamo have also been installed. A diamond drill was at work in the mine for several weeks last year. The mine buildings are substantial and comfortable, and as many as 115 men have been employed at the mine at different times. The manager, Mr. S. F. Parrish, M. E., has had many years mining experience, having been engaged in mining in Colorado for about 24 years, of which 13 to 14 years were spent in Leadville in charge of various work and properties, among the more important of these having been the mines of the Chrysolite Silver Mining Company, and of the Yak Mining, Milling and Tunnel Company. THE MINES OF CENTRAL CAMP. THE NO. /> CITY OF PARIS, ETC. I N Central Camp, which is connected by waggon road with both Grand Forks and Greenwood, are several promising properties, two of which have shipped ^?-'#,£1M2i B. C. Mine, Near Eholt, B. C. ring round the edges of the ore body and occasionally in masses in the midst of it. A noticeable feature is the entire absence of oxidiation of the ore body, at the outcrop or elsewhere. The main ore mass is made up of more or less horizontal sheets of ore varying from a few feet to several feet in thickness, possibly maintaining very much the form of the original bedding of limestone, of which it is probably a replacement. There is no cementing of these layers, consequently great care has to be exercised in breaking the ore, for if too large an excavation be made without careful timbering one sheet will fall from the one above it by its own weight. It has been found necessary to timber the stopes with square sets throughout, there being no other practicable method of supporting the ground. The sets are made of 10-inch square timbers and are placed with 5-foot centres. A branch of the C. P. R. Co's Columbia & Western railway was completed to the mine in the autumn of 1899, this being a spur from the line from Eholt to Phcenix. The facilities for economical mining and shipping are excellent, and since local smelters commenced to operate, more favourable smelting and transportation rates have been obtainable. The mine is equipped with a sufficient power plant to break and hoist more than 200 tons of ore a day through the present shaft. This plant includes four boilers, together about 225 horse-power ; a straight-line ore in quantity to the smelters. These include the City of Paris group, Majestic group, No. 7 group, Norfolk group (owned by the London & British Columbia Gold- fields, Ltd.), Mabel, Oro, Cornucopia, and others, but of these only the No. 7 has been at work during the last 18 months. The City of Paris group consists of the City of Paris, Lincoln and No. 4 mineral claims, situate half a mile north of the International boundary line in what was formerly known as White's camp, and distant about nine miles westerly from Grand Forks and seven miles from Midway. The development work done on the group comprises 720 feet of sinking and raising and 4,380 feet of crosscutting and drifting. One tunnel cuts, at about 400 feet depth, a quartz vein stated to be in places 16 feet wide with from six to eight feet of shipping ore, carrying values in gold and copper. About 2,000 tons of ore were hauled to the Granby smelter before operations were suspended pending the provision of less costly transportation facilities. The City of Paris Mining Company, Ltd., capital $200,000 in $1 shares, is a Spokane organisation of which Mr. J. P.Graves and associates were the promoters. The Majestic group is comprised of the Lexington, City of Denver, City of Montreal and Oregon fractional claims, situate in close proximity to the City of Paris group. About 1,150 lineal feet of crosscutting and drifting have been done on the Lexington, opening up THE MINING RECORD. 161 an ore body at 150 feet depth. The authorised capital of the company is $1,500,000 in $1 shares, and its officers are Messrs. S. H. C. Miner, president; Jay P. Graves, vice-president; Geo. W. Wooster, treasurer, and A. L. White, secretary. The head office is in Montreal, Quebec. The No. 7, owned by the No. 7 Mining Company, Ltd., of New York, capital $1,000,000 in 200,000 $5.00 shares, has a power plant consisting of a class "A" Ingersoll-Sergeant straight-line air compressor rated at five drills, six-one-man machine drills, air receiver, 100 horse-power boiler, 25 horse-power hoisting engine, Cameron sinking pump, etc. This mine was opened to the 130-foot level in 1896-7. When operations were resumed in T900 what had been only a prospect shaft was enlarged to a double-compartment working shaft, and this has since been deepened until recently the 300 level was reached. It is well timbered and has the dis- neighbourhood of the mine the question of transportation will be a difficult one to solve, so the advisability of putting in a concentrator is under consideration, necessary tests of the ore being meanwhile made. The number of men employed on the No. 7 has been 15 to 20 under the superintendence of Mr. S. C. Holman. The company's manager and attorney in British Columbia is Mr. Frederic Keffer, M. E., of Anaconda. Mr. C. E. Laidlaw, of New York, is president of the company, and Mr. R. H. Eggleston, secretary. T WELLINGTON CAMP MINES. THE WINNIPEG. HE Winnipeg Mines, Ltd., owns the Winnipeg mine, situate in Wellington Camp in the Grand Forks Mining Division, and about two miles Wellington Camp Mines—The Winnipeg. tinction of having been sunk and timbered from the 130 down, at what is probably the lowest cost for similar work yet done in the district. Drifts have been run both east and west of the shaft at the 60 and 120-foot levels, the former about 440 feet and the latter 450 feet. A raise was also made from the 60-foot level to the surface. A crosscut at the 200 level has entered the ledge, but little drifting has yet been done at this depth. A crosscut at the 300 level lately reached the ledge at 75 feet in. The total footage of work done in underground development of the No. 7 is now nearly 2,000 lineal feet, about one-third being sinking and raising and the remainder crosscutting and drifting. The ore is quartz, mineralised with gold, silver, lead and zinc, and the vein varies in width from 18 inches to 7 feet. Several stopes have been started, and during the time the weather was favourable for hauling nearly 900 tons of ore were sent to the smelter. Whenever rain or melting snow makes the roads too soft for heavy hauling the shipping of ore is not practicable, consequently until such time as a branch railway shall reach the east of the town of Phcenix. The Winnipeg was located in the summer of 1895, and in 1897 a company named the Winnipeg Mining & Smelting Company was incorporated to develop the property. After a lot of work had been done this company got into financial difficulties. Towards the close of 1900 the Winnipeg Mines, Ltd., was incorporated to acquire the assets of the old company. The new company has an authorised capital of $1,250,000 in $1.00 shares, of which about 875,000 shares have been issued, leaving a balance of about 375,000 shares still in the treasury. The Winnipeg has an area of about 27 acres. The mine is connected with the C. P. R. railway system by a half-mile spur which joins the Phcenix branch at Hartford Junction. Its mining plant includes two steam boilers, two hoisting engines, a 14 x 22 Rand straight- line air compressor, air receiver, steam pumps, machine drills, etc. There are on the mine several buildings in addition to those shown in the accompanying view, including bunk and boarding houses and an assay office. The formation met with on the Winnipeg is described 162 THE MINING RECORD. as granite, as a rule changing gradually into an altered rock as the veins are approached. Several dykes cross the property, those known as the "east " and " west " dyke, respectively, being the most important. Between these two dykes most of the development on the mine has been done on various levels down to 400 feet depth. The veins are numerous, but practically all of the 2,500 tons of ore the mine has shipped to the smelter has come from three, known respectively as the "railroad" vein (from its having been first exposed when grading for the railway spur), the "concentrating" or "station " vein, first met with at the station at the 300-foot level, and the " 100-level vein. The general strike of the veins is N. 50 deg. W., and they dip sometimes north or again south. The veins pitching north do not carry gold values to any appreciable extent, whilst those dipping south do. These veins cross one another in places, the south pitching veins continuing to carry the values. A marked peculiarity of both north and south pitching veins is that they generally have twin ore chutes, both pyrrhotite and marcasite occurring in the same vein. The ore is a sulphite of iron, being either marcasite with arsenical iron, or pyrrhotite with a little arsenical ore ; also iron pyrites either separately or in masses scattered through the gangue, with copper sulphite disseminated sparingly. Speaking generally the pyrrhotite north veins carry gold values of an average of $2.00 per ton, and the marcasite of $10.00 per ton. Where the two are combined the best results appear to be obtained. Very high assay values from hand samples can be got, but the best returns in bulk were $48.00 per ton from one car load, and $27.00 per ton from 57 tons, both lots from the "railroad" vein, these being the gold returns. Silver values vary from one ounce to six ounces per ton, and copper runs about one and one-half percent. Much of the ore shipped has averaged $13 per ton, gross. - It is considered a very promising feature in the outlook for the Winnipeg that the "railroad" vein has been cut at the 300 level, where the ore, although in a narrow vein so far as explored, is of high grade, one car having returned more than $40.00 per ton. The experience of the past tends to show that a displacement of the veins has been caused by the dikes above referred to and that consequently development work should in future be directed towards the southern portion of the property. In all some 4,500 lineal feet of work have been done in underground development, about two- thirds sinking and raising and the remainder in cross- cutting and drifting. The directors of the Winnipeg Mines, Ld., are Messrs. E. G. Holt, president ; W. W. Gibbs, vice-president ; Richard Plewman, managing director and secretary- treasurer ; Robt. Hodge and R. E. Plewman. The head office of the company is at Rossland, B. C. liabilities of the old company and for the further development of the mine. The head office of the company was removed from Rossland, B. C, to Brandon, Man., where much of the stock is held. At a meeting held in Brandon last fall the following directorate was elected : Judge Cumberland, president ; Mr. G. R. Caldwell, vice- president ; Hon. Senator Kirchoffer and Messrs. Andrew Kelly, Frederick Nation and J. B. Curran, all of Brandon ; Mr. Wm. L. Parrish, of Winnipeg; Mr. C. E. L. Jarvis, of St. John, New Brunswick, representing shareholders in the Maritime Provinces, and Mr. W. A. Fuller, of Spokane. Mr. John Inglis, of Brandon, is secretary. After reorganisation was completed and an assessment levied, Mr. D. H. Duncanson was put in charge of the mine, and towards the close of the year the workings were pumped out and mining operations resumed on the 100, 150 and 300-foot levels. Since then some 500 tons of ore have been shipped to district smelters. No. 1 shaft is 324 feet in depth. A second shaft is now GOLDEN CROWN MINES, LTD. The Golden Crown Mines, Ltd., was organised last summer to acquire the mining property and other assets of the Brandon & Golden Crown Mining Co., Ltd., which, after doing nearly 2,500 feet of underground work on the Golden Crown (adjoining the Winnipeg on the west) and shipping 2,241 tons of ore of a generally good grade, had got into financial difficulties. The old company had a nominal capital of $1,500,000 in $1.00 shares. The new company was capitalised at a similar amount, but the shares were issued as paid up to 95 cents, thus leaving an assessable balance of five cents per share, to provide money for the liquidation of the Wellington Camp Mines—The Golden Crown. being sunk on what is known as the " railroad " ledge, this being an extension of the ledge similarly named on the Winnipeg, and several cars of ore have been shipped lately from this vein. There are on this property three veins upon which work has been done, viz., those known respectively as the " main," " north " and " railroad " ledges. Others cross the claim, but as yet they have not been opened up to determine their extent and value. This mine is also connected at Hartford Junction with the C. P. R. system by a spur from the Phcenix branch. Mr. J. L. Parker, M. E., now superintendent of the North Star mine, East Kootenay, made a careful examination and sampling of the Golden Crown three or four months ago, but his report has not been made public. THE ATHELSTAN. Last year's directors of the Athelstan Gold & Copper Mining Co., Ltd., were :—Messrs. Jas. Anderson, president ; John Mack, vice-president; W. J. Morrison, secretary-treasurer ; Lenox Buzzell, Condon, Que.; Dr. Walker and T. B. Pringle, Huntington, Que., and J. B. Walsh, Ormstown, Que. The Athelstan is situate within a mile of the Winnipeg, along the waggon road from that mine towards Grand Forks. Only about 500 feet of work have been done in development of the Athelstan, which had, however, shipped 1,750 tons of ore to the smelters before it closed down last summer. THE HARTFORD. The Hartford group lies between Hartford Junction and the Golden Crown, and comprises the Hartford, Hartford fraction, Golden Crown fraction, Nabob frac- THE MINING RECORD. 163 tion, Double Eagle fraction and Ranger. A shaft was put down 100 feet on the Hartford and about 120 feet of drifting and crosscutting at that depth, opening up a promising body of ore. Later the Hartford company was formed but no work worth mentioning has been on the property for two or three years. GRANBY COMPANY'S SMELTER AT GRAND FORKS. NOTWITHSTANDING that the greater part of the following descriptive matter appeared in last month's issue of the Record it must be published afresh this month, otherwise this Boundary number would lack a description of the largest and most important metallurgical works in the district. The Granby smelter commenced reducing-"ore in Aug- gravel. The flume is 12x9 feet, and a mile long. The power house, as originally planned, was 100 feet 'long by 30 feet wide, all the batteries being set in line, on one long concrete foundation. It is within 1,000 feet of the smelter buildings and 100 feet below them. The power by which the blowers, sampling works, converter, etc., are driven, is created by three double 16- inch turbine water-wheels, operating under an effective head of 45 feet. These wheels are connected with the flume by steel intake pipes 4 feet 7 inches in diameter. Each is directly connected with one Westinghouse rotating arm, alernating current generator. Another wheel is belted to two pumps each with a daily capacity °f 750'000 gallons. These pumps furnish water and pressure to granulate the slag as it runs continuously from the furnaces. The smelter proper consisted of two double-decked, steel-jacketed furnaces, 160 x 44 inches at the tuyeres, made by the Gates Iron Works, of Chicago. The gases ^^k^r%^4~^ Latest Photograph of Granby Works Showing Recent Additions ust, 1900, its first furnace having been blown in on the 21 st of that month. Within eight weeks thereafter its second furnace was running. In March of the current year its third furnace was started, and on April 2nd, ultimo, it had four furnaces running at one and the same time. It is planned to add two more furnaces this year, and when this shall have been done the limit of treatment capacity had in view when these works were designed and laid out will have been reached. Any further extension of treatment capacity will involve the erection of another set of works. In the following description the plant first installed and that more recently put in are separately detailed. The water power developed on the North Fork of Kettle river gives 1,200 h. p. at extreme low water under an actual head of 45 feet. The dam gives about 30 feet of this head, the rest being made up between the dam and the power house. The dam is 175 feet across the top, 75 feet from heel to toe on the bottom, built of 12x12 inch sawn timbers filled in with rock and pass off from the top in a 4-feet diameter downtake pipe, which is connected with the big flue dust chamber leading to the stack, the flue chamber being 10 x 10 ft. on the inside and 300 feet in length. The stack is 11 x 11 feet inside measurement and 152^ feet high. The blower room is 50 x 58 feet, and is 42 feet ftom the furnace building. It contains three blowers, one for each furnace and one in reserve. These are connected with the furnaces by a 54-inch diameter blast pipe, all blowers being connected with the one main pipe. Each of these blowers is driven by a 75 h. p. Westinghouse induction motor, which is belted directly to the blower. The original sampler building is 64 x 70 feet, and is surrounded on three sides by ore bins. The ore train as it comes into the smelter, is carried on a trestle to a series of receiving bins, parallel to the front of the sampling works, 23' feet above the floor of the same and 33 feet distant. The bins are filled directly from the cars, which have a bottom dump. The ore is taken from the receiving bins by small iron cars, which dump into a J 1 164 THE MINING RECORD. No. 5 Gates gyratory crusher. This crusher has its extending from the pump to the power-house, a distance opening a little below the floor of the sampling works of 2,000 feet from the tank. This water is used princi- and has a capacity of 1,000 tons daily. After the ore pally for granulating the slag as it runs continuously is crushed to the size of a 4-inch ring it is elevated to from the settler in front of the furnaces. All the ma- Dam and Head of Flume, Granby Smelter. the top of the building by a continuous steel bucket elevator. It is next sampled by a 60-inch Snyder automatic sampler. The bulk of the ore is distributed to chinery is run by Westinghouse induction motors. There is a 75 h. p. motor for the sampling works, a 30 h. p. motor for matte sampler, a 25 h. p. motor for the Dynamo Room, Granby Smelter. the bins on three sides of the sampling works by a special cast-iron revolving spout. Behind the smelter and at an elevation of about 100 feet above the works is a 100,000-gallon tank, which is supplied with water through an 8-inch steel-riveted pipe machine shops, and a io h. p. motor for the elevator in the main furnace building. This embraces a brief description of the old plant. The work of enlargement was started in May last. The power plant has been increased by a 250 h. p. hori- THE MINING RECORD. 165 zontal turbine water-wheel and a 250 h. p. electric generator directly connected with the water-wheel, making a total of 250 h. p. developed for the use of the city of Grand Forks, the total water power thus developed on the Kettle river being 1,100 h. p. There have also been added two additional triplex power pumps which will each supply another 750,000 gallons af water daily for granulating the slag and for the water jackets. The new pump was furnished by the Stilwell-Bierce-Smith- Vaile Co., of Dayton, Ohio. The Dayton Globe Works furnished the 250 h. p. water-wheel. The blower room has been increased by one No. 8 Connersville blower, making four in all or one for each furnace. Two hundred feet have also been added to the dustjflue. All the contracts for the supply of the mo- ing capacity of 5,000 tons, and with the existing bins provide a total capacity of 10,000 tons. The briquetting plant, of 100 tons daily capacity, the function of which is to compress the flue dust into bricks which will afterwards be re-smelted. The converter building is on the same level as the furnace house containing the four blast furnaces and 100 feet therefrom. It is a steel fire-proof structure 160 x 68 feet, its height in the main portion being 45 ft. The contract for its construction was executed by the Hamilton Bridge Co., of Hamilton, Ont. This building contains two stands of converters of the horizontal barrel type supplied by the Gates Iron Works of Chicago. The shells are 72 inches in diameter by ioo'in- ches in length. Each stand has a capacity of from 50 The Furnace Room, Granby Smelter. tors and electrical plant were executed by the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., of Pittsburg. The main furnace room has been enlarged an additional 84 x 81 feet. The two new furnaces, like the old ones, were built by the Gates Iron Works, Chicago. They are set 39 feet ap^rt, centre to centre, and room is left for two more. Their actual capacity, in consequence of the self-fluxing character of the ores treated, has been found to be about 380 tons each daily. A new sampling and crushing plant has been built. The building is 70 x 70 feet, and at its highest part it has a height of 65 feet. An additional No. 5 Gates crusher with automatic sampler, rolls, etc., has been installed. These additions will crush and sample i,oco tons daily, making the total daily capacity of the crushing and sampling plant 2,000 tons daily. Additional ore bins have also been built. They will have a carry- to 70 tons of matte daily, and each is provided with three shells. It also contains a 40-ton electric travelling crane, 40-foot span for handling the shells and matte. In another portion of the building is a 25-ton reverberatory tilting furnace, also supplied by the Gates Iron Works. In the same structure there is the quartz crushing plant and grinding pan for mixing the converter linings. Under each converter stand are three mould carriers operated back and forth by a hydraulic ram. The converters are also tilted by hydraulic power as well as the reverberatory furnace. Near the converter building is the engine room, in which is the blowing engine for blowing the converters ; also the hydraulic pump which furnishes the pressure to operate the various machines in the converter building. The blowing engine is run by a belt from a 200 h. p. 166 THE MINING RECORD. I:-IK alternating motor. It is of the power type, has an air cylinder 36 x 36 inches and has a special unloading device attached, so that when the pressure reaches a maximum of twelve pounds the valves are so arranged that they remain open and no power is consumed while the converter is not using air. This unloading device was especially built for the Granby Co., and has hitherto never been used on any low-pressure blowing engine Used for converter purposes. The converter building is connected with the furnace house by a 10-ton electric crane, 24-foot span. The matte from the furnaces is first settled in receivers, which in turn are tapped out into the matte ladles. The small electric crane takes the ladle of molten matte to the end of the converter building and there pours the hot metal into the tilting reverberatory. When the converter is ready for a charge the 40-ton crane in the converter building places a large matte ladle in front of this furnace, and by hydraulic power the furnace is slowly tilted until there is enough in the ladle for a charge. The large crane transfers this molten matte to ^__3§&liM_^^ Mr. A. B. W. Hodges, Superintendent Granby Smelter. the converter into which it is poured. The converter is then turned into an upright position and the blast turned on. The pressure blast is 10 pounds per square inch. The blast is maintained until such time as sufficient slag has formed. Then the blast is turnedoff and the slag skimmed into a large ladle. This ladle is then carried by a crane and the slag is poured hot into the tilting furnace. The converter 'is then blown for a short time when the matte is all converted into metallic or blister copper, still retaining the gold and silver values. The moulds on the carriages 'are now brought into position by the hydraulic ram and the copper is slowly poured out of the converter into these moulds. The copper, which is 98^ per cent, pure, is thus moulded into cakes weighing about three hundred pounds each. The converter is now ready for another charge. It takes from two to four hours to convert one charge into metallic copper. By converting the matte at the smelter, a saving of 50 per cent, in freights is effected. The converter began operations on January 15 last. Besides converting its own product, the Granby company has closed contracts and is now treating matte from the smelters of the British Columbia Copper Co., Greenwood, and the Hall Mines, Nelson. Including the matte, from these furnaces with that produced by the smelter's own four furnaces, all now in operation, it is expected that about 1,500 tons of blister copper will be shipped monthly to eastern works to there have the gold and silver values separated. This will be at the rate of 36,000,000 lbs. per annum. The following table shows the monthly tonnage of ore treated at the Granby smelter from the date of commencement of smelting operations until March 31, last. It must be remembered that during the first eight weeks only one furnace was in operation and that three were running during the greater part of the last month appearing; in the table :— V Daily Month—1900. Tons. Average. Tons. August, 11 days 2,902 September 8,753 291 2-3 October 14.215 4681-4 November 18,050 601 2-3 December 18,467 595 2-3 Total for 1900 62,387 Allis-Chalmers Double-Decked Steel-Jacketed Furnace at Granby Smelter. I90I. y Janus February March . April.... May.... Tune .. jul} 17,640 17.708 19.713 18,995 19,075 18,510 18,176 August 18,028 569 632 1-5 I 636 1-6 September 20,059 October 20,347 November 20,706 December ., 21,971 i-3 Total fo 1901 January (24 days) February (23% days) March (incomplete month) 1902. .230 928 . 18 104 /.J"j Total for three months of 1902 UMMARY. 30,246 65.653 633 615 i-3 617 586 i-j 581 l< 668 656 690 1-5 708 3-4 754 '"3 736 1-3 975 2'3 1900 1901. 1902. 62,387 tons j 230,928 65,653 Grand total 358,968 THE MINING RECORD. i67 The daily average (two furnaces) for last year, making no allowances for stoppages for'repairs, was 633 tons. A more adequate idea of the increased effectiveness of treatment, as compared with a year ago, will probably be conveyed by the following comparison : In November and December of 1900, this smelter treated 36,517 tons of ore, giving a daily average of those two months of 598 2-3 tons. During the corresponding months of 1901 the same two furnaces reduced 42,677 tons, or a daily average of 699 2-3 tons—an increase of 101 tons a day. All the foregoing figures refer to ore alone—no coke being consumed in smelting is included, and no barren fluxes are used. Mr. A. B. W. Hodges, superintendent of the smelter, who also designed and constructed the works, has been connected with the smelting industry since 1886. His first position was that of assistant superintendent of the Philadelphia Smelting & Refining Co., at Pueblo, Col. From there he went to Socorro, N. M., to take the DEADWOOD CAMP MINES. THE MORRISON MINES, LTD. THE Morrison Mines, Ltd., is the name of the new company formed two years ago to acquire the Morrison mine and other assets of the Morrison Gold Mining Co., which latter company was organised on March 25, 1896, under the laws of the State of Washington, U.S.A., with a nominal capital of $1,000,- 000 in $1 shares. Of these 400,000 were treasury shares and they realised $31,232.40, which sum was spent in labour, supplies, buildings, machinery and other expenditure connected with the formation of the company and the development of the property. On January 18, 1900, The Morrison Mines, Ltd., was organised with an authorised capital of $150,000 in 1,500,000 shares at 10 cents each, all shares being assessable to the full par value ; the holders of stock in The Mor jn Mine, Deadwood Camp. management of the Rio Grande Smelting Works, belonging to the National Lead Co. Later he became superintendent of the Compania Metallurgica Mexicana at San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Subsequently he accepted the management of the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Works, at St. Louis, owned by the National Lead Co., and was later promoted to the management of the manufacturing department of the same company in New York. In addition to this experience, Mr. Hodges has clone much valuable mining and metallurgical work. The briquetting machine in use here is one made by the Henry S. Mould Co., of Pittsburgh, Penn., makers of the well-known White press. It is of the straight plunger type, similar to that in use at the Hall Mines smelter, Nelson, B. C, which is operated on a.different system to the rotary machines used at Trail and North- port smelters. Owing to the presence of sufficient lime in the flue dust it cakes without lime being added, as is customary. The bricks turned out by this press are taken direct to the furnaces without further handling. the old company taking shares in the new company share for share ; the new company purchasing the mining property and all other assets of the old one, and assuming liabilities of the latter to the extent of about $1,250, in unpaid accounts for labour and supplies. Of the new company's stock 500,000 shares were placed in the treasury, and nearly 200,000 of these have since been issued. The last report published by the company included the statement that "there are 998,617 assessable shares of record on our books. The total number of shares issued and ot record on our stock ledger is 1,197,688, leaving a balance now in the treasury of the company of 302,312 shares." The position now is practically unaltered in this respect. Assessments to date totals five cents per share. The head office of the company is at Spokane, Wash. The directors are Messrs. John Hunner, president ; F. H. Oliver, managing director ; E. K. Erwin, J. K. Fisk and T. J. Graham and the secretary, Mr. A. F. Oliver. The registered office in British Columbia is at Green- 168 THE MINING RECORD. J . wood, and Messrs. Pringle & Whiteside are the company's attorneys. The following particulars descriptive of the property are taken chiefly from a report published last year : The Morrison claim is situate on Copper creek, in Deadwood camp, about three miles northwest of Greenwood, with which it is connected by a waggon road. A spur from the C. P. R. to the British Columbia Copper Co's Mother Lode mine passes within a mile of the Morrison, to which a survey has been made for a spur, giving about a three per cent, grade on a direct route. The surface of the property slopes up from the creek to the north, giving about 450 feet elevation above the main tunnel on the north endjine. Glacial wash covers the surface to a depth of from 5 to 10 feet, so that the outcrop of the ledge cannot be easily traced. Water for steam power and domestic purposes is obtained from Copper creek. The surrounding hills furnish an abundance of wood for fuel and mine timbers. The country, as shown by the workings of the Morrison, is considerable disturbed. The rock on the footwall side of the ore bodies is a felsite or quartz porphyry, while diorite occurs on the hanging wall. The mineral vein or zone consists largely of crystalline limestone. Along the contact of this limestone with the felsite or diorite the ore bodies are formed, though they sometimes extend irregularly out into the limestone, which has a northeast and southwest course. The ore bodies so far opened up dip to the north and west at an angle varying from 50 to 60 degrees. The contacts between the crystalline lime and the wall rocks are marked by clay and chlorite schists, seamed with red hematite, magnetite, calcite, epidote, and garnets, as well as the ore, and these rocks serve to identify the vein when there is no ore to follow. The same belt of crystalline limestone with the accompanying ledge matter has been opene*d up by surface cuts on the Morrison several hundred feet to the northeast of the present workings. Mica trap dikes cut across the vein in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, and near these the ore bodies are of higher value and greater extent. Three important ore chutes have been encountered in the main tunnel. The first begins at a point about 450 feet from portal of the tunnel and is the same chute throughswhich the No. 2 shaft has penetrated a distance of about 100 feet. It extends easterly a distance of about 140 feet. The second chute begins about 615 feet from portal and extends for about 80 feet. The third chute begins about 715 feet from portal and extends for about 90 feet to face of drift. The ore widens from two feet at point of beginning to eight feet at centre and thence on to the face the drift is all in ore. There are two other chutes, but so far as they have been opened up they are small and of low values. The ore occurs in several varieties. At the discovery shaft it is solid pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, similar to the Trail Creek ores. In the first above-mentioned chute it consists of calcite, iron pyrites and oxides, and quartz spotted and seamed with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, and occasional bunches of hematite and arsenopyrite. In the next two chutes it is pyrites, calcite and quartz, seamed with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. The foregoing may be supplemented by the following particulars obtained from the management of the company : There are three veins of ore opened on the property, only one of which has been explored to any great extent. The ore bodies in the main vein upon which work has been done are from 10 to 40 feet in width. Altogether some 3,000 lineal feet of work have been done in underground development of the mine, about 450 feet being sinking and raising, and 2,550 feet crosscutting and drifting. The diamond drill has put in 1,011 feet of holes, all on the 300-foot level, and this work crosscut several large ore bodies which, though, have not yet been opened up. The mine is equipped with two boilers — one 80 and the other 30 horsepower, a 16 x 24 straight-line Rand air compressor rated at 5 drills, machine drills, air receiver, No. 7 Cameron sinking pump, and at the station on the 200-foot level, 37x9 Lidgerwood hoisting engine. The mine buildings consist of boiler and engine house, boarding and bunk houses, and all other requisite buildings. There are about.5,000 tons of ore on the dump. Shipments to date have been restricted to 443 tons, divided between the B. C. Copper Co's Granby and Trail smelters, for test purposes. With the plant and equipment now at the mine it is in a position to maintain a daily output of 100 tons of ore a day. MONTREAL AND BOSTON COPPER CO., LTD. In May, 1901, there was published in the British Columbia Gazette notice of registration as an extra-provin- Capt. H. Johns, Superintendent Montreal and Boston Co. cial company of the Montreal & Boston Copper Co., Ltd., with a nominal capital of $500,000 in 5,000shares at $ioo each. The head office of this company was at Montreal, Quebec, and the Provincial office at Greenwood^ with Mr. Clive Pringle as attorney. This company fiad been formed to take over the mining properties and other assets of the Montreal-Boundary Creek Mining Co., Ltd., registered in 1890 with an authorized capital of $2,000,000 and having its head office at St. John, N.B. Since the registration of the existing company its authorized capital has been increased from the above-mentioned $500,000 to $3,000,000 in 600,000 shares of $5 each. The leading men in the Montreal & Boston Copper Co. are Messrs. H. H. Melville, of Boston, Mass., president; J. N. Greenshields, K. C, of Montreal, Quebec, and T. Crockett, of Riviere du Loup, Quebec, vice-presidents ; A. A. Munroe, of Montreal, THE MINING RECORD. 169 wret^;tuenSUrfr,; G- H- Munroe' of Montreal, and Wm. Mitchell, of Drummondville, Quebec. The mining properties owned by the company are the Sunset Crown Silver, C. O. D. and Florence fractional mineral claims, all adjoining and situate in Deadwood camp, about three miles west of Greenwood. The Sun set was located by John East, on June 2nd, 1901 Its abrupt and prominent outcrop of copper-stained rock made the Sunset knoll a distinct landmark in the camp The Crown Silver, which adjoins the Mother Lode on the east, was located by W. A. Ingrim on the same day as the Sunset. Both were located under the old law consequently they were restricted in size to 600 feet in width by 1,500 feet in length. These claims were bonded 1897 by Mr. W. L. Hogg, of Montreal, who with his associates did a lot of work on them, and afterwards driven about westerly with the object of connecting with the Crown Silver workings. Owing to the rise in the hill the 300-foot level of the Sunset will be at a depth of about 400 feet below the surface by the time it shall be under the Crown Silver shaft. A tunnel driven through the Sunset knoll disclosed the presence here of a big body of ore, approximately 300 feet in length by 115 feet in width. It is estimated that there are at least 250,000 tons of ore above the 100- foot level. To facilitate the extraction of the ore, between which and parts of the 100 level as now run there is something like 20 feet of barren ground, six raises have been put up. These are about 40 feet apart and have wide, bell-shaped mouths so as to provide for the ore falling in from all around with as little handling as possible. Over each raise a " grizzly" of 10-inch tim- MONTREAL AND BOSTON COPPER Co'S SMELTER NEAR BOUNDARY FALLS. organised the Montreal-Boundary Creek Mining Company to further develop them. The other two claims were acquired later than the first-named two. Much preliminary development work was done on the Sunset under the direction of Mr. J. H. Macfarlane. Since the summer of 1899 Captain Harry Johns, who had been superintendent at the Mother Lode for a year, has been in charge of the Sunset group. Development work on the Sunset to date consists of about 983 lineal feet of sinking and raising, and 4,128 feet of crosscutting and drifting. The main shaft has been sunk to a depth of 400 feet, and has two compartments each 4 ft. 6 in. by 5 ft. in the clear. The levels at 100 feet and 200 feet, reepectively, have been run both ways from the shaft. Drifts and crosscuts are as follows : Tunnel through knoll, 225 feet; intermediate level, 445 feet; 100-foot level, 835 feet; and 300-foot level 1,223 feet. The 300-foot level is a long tunnel bers spaced 8 inches apart has been placed, all ore being first either " bulldozed " with powder or hammer-broken small enough to admit of its passing through the grizzly and so being of a suitable size for sending.to the smelter. Each raise will serve the purpose of an ore stope, so it is calculated that with this provision it will be practicable for the mine to maintain an output of fully 400 tons per day. There is already a large quantity of ore broken down, and the mine ore bins are full, so that matters appear to be in good shape for keeping the smelter going continuously whenever it shall be started at its ore-reducing work. In addition to this big mass of low-grade ore a chute of about four feet of sulphide ore, carrying good gold values, has been found at the 200 level and has also been cut as the 300, where it has been drifted on about 90 feet and two raises put in it. At the lower level it is found to contain some copper as well as gold, which it does not at the 200. This ore 170 THE MINING RECORD. will be used to raise the grade of tht general output of the mine. The drive at the 300 level, now well into the Crown Silver ground, is getting into ledge matter, so that an early improvement is looked for. No work has yet been done from the shaft at 400 feet depth in the Sunset. The mine has produced about 1,000 tons of ore. The Crown Silver shaft is down 262 feet, and levels have been opened at 150 feet, with 145 feet of work done, and at 250 feet depth where 607 feet of work is done. These workings have proved the occurrence here of a chute of ore 30 to 35 feet in width and carrying fair values in copper and gold. About 350 feet south from the shaft preparations have been made to open up a quarry in ore. The Sunset workings above the 100 level will eventually be opened to the surface and so constitute a big quarry. pay roll and the number will be increased so soon as ore shipping shall be regularly maintained. The company's smelter is situate near Boundary Falls between four and five miles from the mine. The smelter was built and equipped by the Standard Pyritic Smelting Company, Ltd., in 1900-1, but it furnace was I blown in," the manager, Mr. E. J. Wilson, formerly metallurgist in charge of the blast furnaces at the Great Falls smelter, Montana, having upon his arrival to take charge of the new works advised that, owing to the lack of a sufficient ore supply to keep the smelter running continuously and for other reasons, it be not started until the conditions be more favourable. Then the Standard company got into financial difficulties and Mr. Wm. Price, of Quebec, took possession of the establishment under a mortgage. Last February, after Mr. H. C. Sunset Mine. (Smoke from Granby Smelter in the distance). The mining equipment at the Sunset includes two 80 h. p. boilers, half of a 20-drill duplex Ingersoll-Sergeant air compressor, two air receivers, ten Ingersoll-Sergeant 3^ machine drills, a 100 h. p. double-cylinder, double- drum, link-motion Jenckes hoisting engine, Laurie feed- water heater, two safety platform cages, electric light plant, well-found tool and repair shop, assay plant, etc. The mine buildings consist of new two-story boarding house 50 x 30 with commodious kitchen annex ; two- story bunk house 26 x 48, also new and having sleeping accommodation for 34 men ; the old bunk and boarding houses, these accommodating 24 more; assay office; superintendent's villa residence ; men's cottages, etc. Ore bins with a holding capacity of about 2,000 tons, and an elevated covered tramway from shaft to ore bins were lately built, and a railroad spur was put in to facilitate shipment of ore. About 50 men are on the mine Bellinger, the well-known smelter expert, had examined and reported upon the smelter for the prospective purchasers, it was sold to the Montreal & Boston Copper Co., who immediately appointed Mr. Albert I. Goodell, of Puebla, Col., superintendent, and upon his arrival set about fitting it for continuous operation. The large main building—the smelter proper—is 182 feet in length by 120 feet in width. Measuring from the feed floor in the centre of the building the height is 64 feet, and i from the furnace floor to the roof nearly 80 feet. On the west side of the building is the sampling department, and here some extensive additions and improvements are being made. The original equipment of this department included two 36-inch and two 48-inch automatic samplers, a 7 x 10 Blake rock crusher, two sets of 12 x 20 rolls and two belt elevators. East of the sample mill were placed the bins for the THE MINING RECORD. 171 sample discard, next were located two parallel rows of ore-storage bins, eight in a row and each bin 34 x io feet ; south of these for storage of lime and coke, the whole group of bins occupying the central portion of the building north and south and extending beyond in the latter direction with double railroad tracks over them. The changes here are the enlargement of the sample-mill building, the addition to the machinery of a No. 5 Gates rock crusher and a Bridgman sampler Double Drums of Jesckes Hoisting Engine at Sunset Mine. complete, and the erection of more storage bins for ore on the west side of the building and the extension of railway trackage about the works, the whole providing the necessary further facilities for handling ore in an economical and thoroughly practical manner. At a lower level than that of the floor of the main building the furnace floor extends east from the stone Ingersoll-Sergeant Air Compressor at Sunset Mine. retaining wall 60 feet, and has a length of 140 feet. From this level down to Boundary creek, which passes below the smelter and from which water is flumed from a dam a mile above the works, is the slag dump. The dust flue, of stone walls- with arched brick ropf, runs about 200 feet to the steel smoke stack, which is 9 feet 6 inches in diameter and 112 feet high above a 14-foot brick base. The furnace is 40 inches by 176 inches in side the tuyere line, and has a nominal capacity of 300 tons each 24 hours. It is a larger furnace than those at the Granby and B. C. Copper Co's smelters, so should have an actual treatment capacity of between 400 and 500 tons per day with the self-fluxing ores of the district. On the furnace level are also two 80 h. p. boilers, a^Nb. 7 Connersville blower, steam hoist, 75 h. p. engine, and a 250 light Siemens-Halske dynamo run by a high-speed Atlas engine for electric lighting purposes. A 75 h. p. engine in the sample mill will run the sampling plant. BRITISH COLUMBIA COPPER COMPANY, LTD. The British Columbia Copper Co., Ltd., was registered as an extra-provincial company on April 28th, Mr. Frederic Keffer, M. E. General Manag-er B. C. Copper Co. 1898, shortly after its organization in New York, U.S. It has an authorized capital of $1,000,000.00 in 200,000 shares at $5 each. Its directors are Messrs. J. F. Tichenor, president; F. L. Underwood, vice-president ; C. E. Laidlaw, treasurer; Paul Babcock and Col. H. L. Horton, all of New York. Mr. R. H. Eggleston is secretary, and the company's head office is in New York. Mr. Frederic Keffer, M.E., is attorney in British Columbia and general manager, with office at Anaconda, near Greenwood. The company's mining properties are the following adjoining mineral claims situate in Deadwood camp, about three miles west of Anaconda:—Mother Lode, Offspring, Primrose, Sunflower, Tenbrock and Don 172 THE MINING RECORD. Julio. These together comprise a group favorably placed for convenient and advantageous working. The Mother Lode, upon which most of the mining and development work has been done, was staked on May 28th, 1891, by Wm. McCormick and the location recorded in the names of himself and three others. Having been staked under the old law, its size is 600 ft. by 1,500 ft. It was bonded in 1896 by Col. John Weir for The lode is large, its length, traceable by continuous croppings, running some 1,100 feet north from the main shaft to where it disappears under heavy drift, while a surface exposure on the Primrose, about 700 feet from the shaft in the opposite direction, suggests the probability of its extending at least that distance southward under the intervening drift. Its surface width varies on the Mother Lode from 80 to 160 feet. The footwall, as General View of Mother Lode Mine. himself and other New York men, who afterwards formed the Boundary Mines Syndicate, which owned and developed the claim until the organization of the larger company now owning it. The other claims in the group were acquired at different times since. In some respects the Mother Lode is fairly representative of the larger copper-gold ore deposits occurring in the Boundary Creek section of the Boundary district. The croppings are in places soft oxides of iron from decomposition of ore-bearing rock and in others unaltered magnetic iron oxides, very solid and compact, disclosed by development work, is for the most part limestone, and the hanging wall a diabase. On the footwall side there is not as a rule a marked transition from ore-bearing to barren rock, but the ore often grades into the country rock outside of what is more or less defined as the ore body, so that it is difficult to tell within a few feet where the pay ore will run out. On the other hand the ore gives place to the barren country rock on the hanging wall side with comparative abruptness, fading away completely within a foot or two. The chemical composition of the hanging wall and of the ore m >y ^ Ore Quarry, Mother Lode Mine, East Section. carrying copper pyrites and gold. In still other instances they are calcite with copper pyrites, iron pyrites, more or less quartzose material, and carrying some gold. These croppings differ from those on the Granby Co's Knob Hill mine, in which specular iron occurs, a finegrained magnetite being more generally characteristic of the Mother Lode outcrops, the chief of which was a big copper-stained blow-out, standing out prominently and distinctly noticeable from all of the surrounding thinly timbered hills. *,-*fp£S» fc- ^7-S_iffl _____w#t_Wrp«rF •• ffl&%MVvt?k a iP^^S IMS! mm V Ore Quarry, Mother Lode Mine, West Section. lying against it—leaving out the pyrites—is substantially the same. According to the best geological authorities who have examined the district the ore bodies are altered limestone. Here, as at the old Ironsides, Knob Hill and B. C., porphyry dykes intrude, and it is considered quite probable that these intrusions afforded means of ingress for the ore-carrying solutions from beneath, consequently the presence of a porphyry dyke is usually regarded in this district as a favourable indication when prospecting for ore. THE MINING RECORD. 173 Although the croppings on the Mother Lode appear in somewhat of a crescent shape, the general trend of the lead or ore deposit is north and south. The ore bodies pitch to the east at an angle of 55 to 65 degrees. The ores themselves may be classed in three general Jenckes Hoisting Engine, Mother Lode Mine. groups : 1. A calcite carrying copper pyrites and iron pyrites, these sulphides sometimes being massive and sometimes scattered in small crystals throughout the rock. Some quartzite is also often present. 2. A silicate of lime, iron, magnesia and alumina, carrying both copper and iron pyrites, massive or scattered, and frequently also quartz, garnets or serpentine; often all three together. Occassionally, too, a small quantity of zinc blende occurs in this class of ore. 3. An excessively hard magnetic oxide of iron, with silica and copper pyrites ; not often much iron pyrites. All these ores carry gold, and the calcitic and silicious varieties small quantities of silver as well—about one to two ounces to the ton. There has been found near the lime wall on the 200-ft. level ore with calcitic gangue, carrying galena and zinc blende, and assaying well in silver, but-not in sufficient quantities to regard it as a separate class. The several varieties of ore above described blend into one another, more or less, but this general classification holds good. The following partial These ores, from their composition have been found to make excellent smelting mixtures. Experience shows that they do not require preliminary roasting, their sulphur content seldom being in excess of that necessary to form the 50 per cent, copper matte that is being regularly produced on first smelting. It may be of interest to mention that the smaller of the two ore bodies opened at the 300-ft. level of the mine is an irony ore, chiefly magnetite, but with some lime and silica, while the larger body at both this and the 200-ft. level is a calcareous ore carrying a larger proportion of silica and, of course, much more lime. These together form an ideal ore for smelting, containing constituents that make it self-fluxing. The ore being generally low grade, the profitable operation of the mine is dependent chiefly upon the great quantity of its product, the copper content of which is enriched by gold and silver, these constituting about one-third of the total values. The mine is a remarkably dry one, very little water coming in. The work done to date in development of the Mother Lode mine is approximately 6,800 lineal ft., about 1,450 Hoisting Engine, Mother Lode Mine. Ingersoll-Sergeant Compressor, Mother Lode Mine. analyses further illustrates the differences between the several classes of ore : Calcites. Silicates. Magnetites. Silica 2u.lO 44.23 27.33 Iron oxides 12.00 16.83 51.12 Alumina 1.31 7-46 Calcium and magnesium oxides . 34>0° '6.03 10.26 being sinking and raising and 5,350 drifting and cross- cutting. The main shaft is down 325 feet, and long levels have been run at both 200 and 300 ft. depth. The ore body opened up at the 200 level varies from 80 to 100 ft. in width and crosscuts at intervals show this ore to be continuous here for at least 350 ft. to where it goes underfoot and out of the level. This big chute has also opened on the 300 level, where the north drift, crossing it diagonally, has exposed 100 ft. of ore and is not yet through it. A second ore chute has been encountered on this lower level and proved by crosscuts to be 18 to 20 feet in width and at least 200 feet in length. The " pillar and stope " system, fully described in the Mining Record last month, was adopted in the mine last year, and a large surface opening known as No. 1 quarry was made in ore, well up the side of the Mother Lode hill. A tunnel—No. 2 quarry—was driven 170 feet at a lower level and connection was made between this and No. 1 by means of a raise, and still lower down workings, known as No. 3 quarry, were carried 200 ft. into the hill and from them a raise made to No. 2, the vertical depth from No. 1 to No. 3 being no feet. No. 3 workings are now being extended farther into the hill. Ore quarrying is here becoming a more and more important feature in the working of the mine. The aggregate output of ore to date has exceeded 150,000 tons, of which between 5,000 and 6,000 tons were shipped in I 174 THE MINING RECORD. 1900, nearly 100,000 in 1901, and about 45,000 during the current year. The power plant in use at the Mother Lode is the largest at any Boundary mine. The first plant installed in 1898 included two 60 h. p. boilers ; an 18 x 24 Ingersoll-Sergeant straight-line air compressor,- rated for 10 drills ; five machine drills ; air receiver ; 7^ x 10 hoisting engine, and two auxiliary hoists ; an electric light plant, etc. Last year larger equipment was added, including the largest air compressor the Jas. Cooper Manufacturing Co., Ltd., has yet made for use in British Columbia, and a large hoist made by the Jenckes Machine Co. The compressor is a cross-compound condensing Corliss-valve Ingersoll-Sergeant engine, with compound air and intercooler, high and low pressure steam cylinders, 22-inch and 40-inch, respectively, air cylinders of the piston-inlet type, high and low pressure 191/ inch and 32^ inch, respectively, and 48 inch steel jaw plates, steel swing jaw and pitman. Its capacity is from 65 to 80 tons an hour crushing to a size not exceeding five inches. It is driven by a i6Jx 20-in. right-hand plain slide-valve engine, fitted with Meyers' adjustable cut-off, and with fly-wheel 90-inch diameter and 18-inch face. An elevating machine made= by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., with a chain of 20 x 9 x 12 buckets, lifts the ore from the crusher pit to ore bins alongside the railroad track. Additional electric light plant is a 250-light Westinghouse dynamo with a full complement of arc and incandescent lights, and a 25 h. p. Armington & Sims engine to run the dynamo. The ore bins here have a total holding capacity of about 3,000 tons. Railway facilities at the mine are sufficient for handling large" quantities of ore. Mine buildings are commodious and comfortable, with accommodation for more than 100 men, besides cottages for married employees. During construction periods up to ■>3'S3Si_ksgf»'-*-:>* -a ■', _ji?S*»S&!. I I B. C. Copper Co's Smelter, near Greenwood, B. C. stroke, the machine having a capacity of 30 to 40 drills and weighing 167,000 lbs. Steam is supplied to this engine by two horizontal return tubular boilers, each 100 h. p. for 125 lbs. working pressure. There are now fourteen Ingersoll-Sergeant and twoRand machine drills on the mine. The hoisting engine is a double-cylinder Corliss-valve, first-motion hoist, cylinders 22 x 42 inch, diameter of drums 6 feet. Two 80 h. p. boilers supply it with power. Two platform cages with safety clutches and shield roof have also been installed. A Robins ore-sorting and conveying plant comprises a 36-inch picking belt in feet long with return conveyor 41 feet long ; a 12-inch fine-ore conveyor no feet ong, and a 16-inch waste conveyor 556 feet in length. A No. 5 Gates rock crusher with a capacity of 40 tons per hour, and a 70 h. p. Nagle engine complete this sorting plant. To handle the rock from the quarries the largest crusher yet brought into the Province has just been installed. It was made by the Jenckes Machine Co., and is a 24 x 36 14B Farrel improved crusher, fitted with manganese 150 men have been employed, but the mine does not at present require more than half that number for development and ore production. The output of ore is now being increased to between 800 and 900 tons a day. the smelter. When Mr. Paul Johnson, E. M., who designed and constructed the B. C. Copper Co's smelter, and who has directed its operation up to the present time, chose the location for the works at the junction of Copper creek with Boundary creek, at Anaconda, he had due regard to the important requisites of proximity to the mines, water supply and railway facilities, and to the conformation to the site in its relation to the .ordinary requirements of a gravity system. The gradual extension and enlargement of the works exhibit in an increasing degree, as progress is made, the foresight that grasped the especial suitability of the site chosen. The smelter is about 2 V2 miles in a direct line from the Mother Lode THE MINING RECORD. 175 mine and at about 850 feet lower elevation. It is centrally situated, too, for obtaining custom ores from surrounding mines. The Columbia & Western railway from Greenwood to Midway passes just below the works whilst the Deadwood branch runs immediately above them, giving convenient access from the latter to the smelter on two levels. .The works may be briefly described as follows :— Starting from the top the upper ore bins come first. pressure. The sample mill has been constructed on the automatic principle with samplers designed to avoid elevating the material before crushing. Under these arrangements only two or four per cent., as desired, has to be elevated, the great bulk going direct to the discard bins. The lowest floor of the sample-mill building is two feet higher than the top of the lower or smelter mixture ore bins. There are two sets of these, each 12 in number in four parallel rows, the whole giving a storage capacity of about 10,000 tons. They are crossed by three parallel railway tracks over which the Mr. Paul Johnson, E. M. Gen. Mgf. B. C. Copper Co's Smelter, Greenwood, B. C. B. C. Copper Co's Smelter. Showing Smelter Yard, Trestles, Lower Ore Bins, Coke Dump, etc. There are six of these, each of 500 tons capacity, built in two parallel rows and having over them a double railway track. An elevated tramway connects these with the sample-mill building, which is a three-story frame structure 79 x 65 and 58 feet high to the eaves. Its full capacity when supplied With the requisite ore bulk of the ore from the Mother Lode, already crushed at the mine and consequently not having to be passed through the smelter sample mill, comes to be dumped direct into the lower bins, and coke, etc., for delivery in the smelter "yard " below the trestles carrying these tracks to the bins. Furnace in Course of Construction, B. C. Co's Smelter. bins, etc., will be about 3,000 tons, but present arrangements only include provision for a smaller quantity. The building is large enough to accommodate three sets of plant, but only one set has as yet been put in. This comprises three Gates rock crushers of different sizes, one pair Cornish rolls, one coffee mill or sample grinder, three Johnson's automatic samplers, and a 16 x 18 in. Erie City engine rated at 100 h. p. at 100 lbs. steam The dust chamber runs below the lower bins at a right angle to them for nearly 300 feet, thence diagonally for about 105 feet and thence up the hillside 215 feet to the base of the smoke stack. This chamber or flue is 12 feet wide by 14 feet high and has thick masonry walls, brick-lined in part and arched over with brick. A steel-plate smoke stack, 78 inches in diameter, rises 90 feet above a brick base supporting it, and gives an 176 THE MINING RECORD. effective draught height of about 190 feet above the furnace floor. There are two furnaces, one of which has been running since February of last year and the other just completed and now ready to be blown in. They are stack furnaces 42 in. wide by 150 in. long, inside dimensions at tuyeres of which there are ten on each side, of 3j_i in. diameter. They were built by the Edward P. Allis Co. (now Allis-Chamers Co.) of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The engine and blower-house, 60x45, contains two No. 7^ Connersville blowers, the high-pressure cylinder of a compound condensing Reynolds-Corliss engine 16x35 inches rated at 150 h. p. with 100 lbs. steam pressure (the other half to be put in later), and an electric light dynamo with direct connected engine. There are in the adjoining boiler room three horizontal return tubular boilers 66 inches by 16 feet, each of 100 h.p. and equal to a steam pressure of 130 lbs. Space is left for several more boilers. The total tonnage of ore smelted at this smelter from LONG LAKE CAMP MINES. JEWEL GOLD MINES, LTD. THE Jewel group, consisting of the Jewel, Denero Grande, Gold Drop and Massachusetts mineral claims and the Imperial and Exposition fractional claims is owned by the Jewel Gold Mines, Ltd., a company organized in London, England, with a capital of ^90,000 in shares of £1 each. Of these shares 60,000 were issued as fully paid up, in payment for the mining properties acquired, 20,000 were subscribed for at par, and 10,000 remained in the treasury for the benefit of the company. The group is situate in Long Lake camp, Kettle River Mining Division, and is distant about four miles from Eholt, on the Columbia & Western Railway, a waggon road connecting the property with that town. The Jewel and Denero Grande were the first claims in Long Lake camp to have development work of importance done on them. They were bonded in 1896 by Jewel Mine"—Buildings and Dump. the time it commenced operations on February 17, 1901, up to April 16th, 1902, was 161,354 tons, with One furnace running. The average daily tonnage for 309 days of last year was 380^ tons. During recent months, the daily average has steadily increased, having been 394 tons for September, 408 tons for October, 409 tons for November, and 422^ tons for December. On one day last January this smelter made its record day's run, having during 24 hours, ended 6 o'clock a.m., of the nth, treated 460 tons of ore. The tonnage for that month was 13,287 tons, giving a daily average of 428^0 tons. Moreover, all the foregoing figures refer to ore alone—-no coke being consumed in smelting is included, and no barren fluxes are used. The latter results appear to be fittingly designated " phenomenal," and as stated in the press of the Province, they "constitute eloquent testimony to two important facts—First, the particularly favorable nature of the self-fluxing ores of the Boundary; next the skill in designing, constructing and operating smelters that have produced results hitherto unknown in the history of copper smelting." Mr. Leslie Hill, C.E., for the Prospecting Syndicate of British Columbia. A small steam hoisting plant, the first brought into the Boundary district, was taken in to the Jewel over a snow road in January, 1897, and that year's developments were so promising that the Jewel Development Syndicate was formed. This syndicate spent about $20,000 in further development and acquired additional claims. Then the present larger company was organized and the claims and all other assets were transferred to it. The first directors of the present compauy were : Mr. W. H. Tyser, London", chairman; Sir Bartle C. A. Frere, London, and Mr. W. W. Slater, Edinburgh. For about two years the work of developing the Jewel was done under the direction of Mr. Leslie Hill, but for the three years last past Mr. Gilbert Mahon has been manager. To date some 920 lineal feet of sinking and raising, and 2,360 feet of crosscutting and drifting have been done in underground d velopment, and about i,6oo tons of ore have been shipped to smelters and other reduction works. The ore occurs in a fissure vein THE MINING RECORD. 177 running approximately north and south and varying from two feet to eight feet in width, averaging about 3 feet 6 in. The mine has been examined and reported on by several well-known mining engineers, one of whom described the vein filling or gangue as " quartz carrying considerable quantities of galena, zinc blende, iron pyrites, and occasionally, in smaller quantities, ruby silver, tellurium and tellurides of gold and silver, while free gold is of exceedingly rare occurrence." Bulk tests of 160 tons of ore made at the Silica Works, Rossland, showed an average value of rather less than $12 per ton. The southern part of the Jewel claim is for about 500 feet in a syenite formation, and the remaining 1,000 feet in quartzite. At the contact the vein appears to fault by a displacement of about 300 feet. Most of the above- mentioned work has been done in the syenite, where an incline shaft has been sunk 348 feet, following the vein on its easterly dip of about 45 degrees. Three levels have been run, each north and south, at 120, 230 and 330 feet depth respectively. These have opened up a chute of ore about 250 feet in length and have made available, according to one engineer's estimate, about 20,000 tons of ore above the 330-ft. level. Underfoot Long Lake. the vein is strong and has every appearance of continuing down to a much greater depth. The faulted portion of the vein outcrops higher up the hillside and shows for about 1,000 ft. in Jewel ground and some 3,000 ft. through the Enterprise, Anchor and another claim beyond. Open cuts and three prospect shafts, two on the Jewel and one on the Enterprise, show this vein to be strong between well-defined walls and averaging about five feet in width. The Enterprise shaft is down 110 ft. Of the two on the Jewel, one is 60 ft. deep and the other, known as Rowe's shaft (Mr. W. Rowe being foreman in charge) 163 ft. From the latter a drift, now well on towards 200 feet in length, is being run northwards on the vein. The^jgnsiderable difference in surface elevation encouraged the management to endeavour to cut this northeast vein (as the faulted portion is called) by means of a drive from the 230-ft. level of the main workings. This drive passed through the fault and is now in the quartzite, but it has not yet encountered the vein. Should it do so it will here give 500 ft. of backs on the vein, so rapid is the rise on the surface. The company has its own saw-mill, also an excellent stamp-mill site, situate close to and above Long lake, and distant about 2,000 ft. from the Jewel main shaft. The grading for a mule tramway to this site, on a 6 per cent, grade, has already been done. Should the proposed stamp mill and cyanide plant be put in, it is intended to use electric power, to be supplied by the Cascade Water Power & Light Company. The mining equipment, including one 50 and one 25-h.p. boiler, 4- drill Rand straight line air compressor, air receiver, machine drills, two 5x5 Bacon hoists, station and sinking pumps, etc., is small, but is equal to present needs. THE MINING DIVISIONS. THE Boundary District, roughly speaking, takes in the southern half of the Kettle River Mining Division and the whole of Grand Forks. For some years prior to 1898, what is now the Grand Forks Min- Mr. W. G. McMynn. Gold Commissioner and Mining Recorder, Kettle River Mining Division. ing Division was a part of the Kettle River Mining Division, but in that year a very necessary subdivision was made. Later a general rearrangement of boundaries of mining divisions took place, the changes dating from January 1, 1900. Under this rearrangement it was provided that the Kettle River Division should comprise that section of country within the Province forming the drainage area of the Kettle river above the point where such river is joined by Fourth of July creek, near Carson, and that Grand Forks Division should comprise that section of country within the Province forming the drainage areas of North Fork of Kettle river, of Fourth July creek and of the main Kettle river below the junction of such creek. This rearrangement removed the western boundary of the Kettle River Division westward from Rock creek to the neighbourhood of Camp McKinney, and gave it, too, the West Fork and other mining camps on creeks coming in to the main Kettle river from the west. I 1 IP 178 THE MINING RECORD. For years the office of the mining recorder for the Kettle River Division was at Midway, but eventually it was removed to the more populous town of Greenwood. Owing to its extensive area this division has been given several sub-recording offices, for the convenience of prospectors and others, who might otherwise have to travel long distances to reach Greenwood. These sub- offices are at Westbridge, situate at the confluence of the West Fork with the main Kettle river, at Camp McKinney, and at Vernon. The better known mining camps in this division are those of Camp McKinney, West Fork, Canyon and other creeks flowing into the upper main river, Rock creek, Graham's, part of Central, Smith's, West Copper, Copper, Deadwood, Kimberly, Long Lake, Providence, Skylark and part of Greenwood or Phcenix camps. The more prominent mines in these camps are the Cariboo, at Camp McKinney; Carmi, up the West Fork; No. 7, in Central Camp; Ruby and Republic group, in Smith's camp; King Solomon, in Copper camp ; Mother Lode, Sunset and Crown Silver Mr. S. R. Almond. Gold Commissioner and Mining Recorder, Grand Forks Mining Division. group and Morrison, in Deadwood camp; Jewel, in Long Lake camp ; and the Granby Co's Old Ironsides and Knob Hill group and the Brooklyn and Stem- winder, at Phcenix. Mr. Wm. Graham McMynn is gold commissioner and mining recorder for the Kettle River Mining Division. The camps in the Grand Forks Division include part of Central (White's), Wellington, part of Greenwood, Summit, Pass Creek, Brown's, Knight's, and several other lower North Fork camps, Franklin camp, the coal country up the West Fork of the North Fork, and the camps around Grand Forks and Christina lake. The principal mines in this division are the City of Paris and Majestic properties, in White's camp ; Athelstan, Winnipeg and Golden Crown, in Wellington camp ; Snowshoe and Gold Drop, near Phcenix; B.C., R. Bell and Oro Donoro, in Summit camp ; and the Humming Bird, Pathfinder, Volcanic and Golden Eagle, on the North Fork. Mr. Sydney R. Almond is gold commissioner and mining recorder for this division, with office at Grand Forks. The office statistics of the respective divisions for three years, 1899-1901, show the following figures for the whole period : GREENWOOD. No. Amount. Free miners' certificates, including companies' and special 3,829 $20,006 75 Location records (mineral) 2,363 " " (placer) 39 Leases, " 23 Certificates of work issued 2,939 " improvement issued 165 Conveyances and agreements 1,260 Abandonments 97 Filings Water grants 24 • 22,093 IS . $42,099 90 GRAND FORKS. Free miners' certificates 2,288 $12,546 So Companies' " 24 2,02500 Special " 14 220 00 Mineral location records 1,806 4,515 00 Certificates of work issued 2,779 9,062 00 " of improvements 170 425 00 Conveyance records 1,185 3,100 30 Filings 887 218 75 Permission to re-locate 6 35 00 Water grants issued 11 91 50 Abandonments 33 249 25 Miscellaneous .. 621 85 $33."0 45 CASCADE CITY AND CHRISTINA LAKE. CASCADE CITY is one of three sites, along a distance of about 25 miles in an air line, that appear to be natural locations for important towns. Cascade is at the eastern end of this line, Grand Forks in its centre, and Midway at its western end. Each is at the junction of streams and the meeting place of valleys and consequently will be of railways, each possesses advantages for smelter and other industrial purposes, each should draw trade from a considerable extent of country naturally tributary to it, each is favourably situated for carrying on an extensive lumbering industry and each is especially suitable for residence purposes. Cascade's "growing time," though, has not yet come." That it will do so eventually numbers are confident, for within a few miles, from Huckleberry mountain on the southwest around to the Burnt Basin on the northeast, lie several mining camps of much promise. The chief present difficulty in connection with most of the as yet undeveloped mining camps, or more correctly prospecting camps, of the Boundary is that there is comparatively little money available for opening up their mineral wealth. • This is the case in the neighbourhood of Cascade. Similarly other resources, with the single exception of the water-power obtainable here, are awaiting the stimulus of the investment of capital to turn them to profitable account. For instance, in the hills immediately east of Cascade a large deposit of marble is known to o^;ur, but as yet little or nothing has been done to open up a marble quarry so that this useful material might be turned to good account. Then there are at the upper end of Christina lake valuable cedar limits the timber on which will doubtless ere long be much in demand and will be floated down the lake and manufactured into lumber at or near Cascade. Still again there is in close proximity to the' townsite a smelter site so eminently suitable for this industry that an area of 500 acres of land embracing this site, was some time since purchased from the townsite owners by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company with the stated object of either itself establishing here a big smelter or transferring the site and accompanying facilities for this — THE' MINING RECORD. 179 purpose to some other company or persons who would carry out this object. Cascade is indeed the " gateway " town in the sense that it is here the C. P. R. Co's Columbia & Western Railway fairly enters the Boundary country after cross- of determining, the best route from the summit down to the low-lying level of the Kettle valley. With two railways, one with convenient connections with both the Crow's Nest and main lines of the C.P.R., on the east and north, and the other with Spokane and its Bird's Eye View of Cascade City. ing the mountain range that was long regarded as an effective barrier to any railway entering this district from the Columbia river without crossing into American territory ; and here, too, the railway the Great Northern Co. is constructing from Marcus, on the Spokane Falls & Northern railway along the Kettle River valley with the mining camp of Republic, on the Colville diverging railroads on the south, it does not appear unreasonable to assume that ere many years have passed, Cascade will have a big hotel and a correspondingly large tourist patronage, as the beauties of Christina lake, only one mile away, become widely known. Christina lake is described as a most beautiful body of water 20 miles in length and from two to four miles in Christina Lake, B. C. Indian Reservation, south of Grand Forks, as its present objective point, crosses the International boundary line. To Mr. Scott McRae, of Deadwood, belongs the credit of having first shown the pioneer railway engineers that there was a pass (afterwards named McRae Pass), through the mountains available for railway purposes, and once satisfied on this point it was simply a matter width, "the sportsman's paradise and the pleasure- seeker's resort," and this terse description only does it bare justice. In view of the fact that Cascade may become the health and pleasure resort of the Boundary, the following, from the pen of Mr. Stanley Mayall, who wrote after an extended residence here, may be of interest :— 180 THE MINING RECORD. " The climate is dry and bracing, the air invigorating, the soil generous, the water pure and wholesome. The majesty of the hills is dignified by the presence of stately deer of many varieties ; silver-tip, cinnamon, black and brown bear roam the mountain slopes and revel among the rotating crops of the ever abundant fruits and berries. The mountain lion, lynx, fisher and the cayote— the Bill Sykes of the republic of fin, fur and feather— batten and multiply upon their prolific spoil. Ptarmigan, blue and ruffled grouse, fool hen and duck of many sorts provide sport and food from the mountain summits to the very shores of the lovely and far-stretching Christina lake. Whilst every mountain stream, even above Gladstone, at an altitude of 3,000 feet, supplies the speckled trout in an abundance that is amazing. In Christina lake itself salmon and lake trout of various the common interests of the community "first, last and all the time," than he will meet with in any other town in the Boundary. Some ascribe this to the fact that just now the town is enjoying the benefit of having a considerable transient population, consequent upon railway construction being in progress near by. Doubtless this is in part accountable for the larger business that is being done in the town, but aside from this temporary advantage there is much to be found that makes for permanent progress in and around what its residents claim is "the metropolis" of the Boundary. Perhaps evidences of careful progress are more noticeable in the number and style of architecture of the many villa and cottage residences, some of them pretentious and attractive to the eye, than in anything else, although the business streets, too, give unmistakable tokens of par. Grand Forks. sizes up to sixteen pounds weight are caught. Numerous other fish abound, and in due season the bright- colored and tasty kokanee is taken in large quantities." GRAND FORKS AND TRIBUTARY COUNTRY. GRAND FORKS to-day has a more prosperous appearance than any other town in the Boundary District. The observant visitor sees more activity in connection with its industries, more business being transacted in its stores, and more stir in its streets, than are at the present time to be seen anywhere else in the district. He finds, too, more enterprise among its leading business men, more confidence in the future of the town and surroundings, more energy in fostering and encouraging whatever promises to substantially benefit the town, and more determination to advance ticipating in the improvement that marks the town. Whilst an increase in the valuation for assessment purposes of city property is not necessarily a thoroughly dependable evidence of enduring progress, the large advance in the total value for purposes of civic taxation is very significant, and may in this instance be taken as demonstrating in some measure the big strides the town has taken during the period now quoted. In 1898 the total value was $275,143 ; for 1902 the figures, as published in a local newspaper are : Improvements, $418,- 100; land, $619,610; total, $1,037,710. The statement of assets and liabilities lately published by the corporation, shows a total liability of $207,470.78, all but $9,000 (payable on account of school building) being liability on debentures. The opposite side of the balance state- men^ shows that the assets are $15,707.11 less than the liabilities, but in making up this statement no account was taken of streets, bridges and other public improve- THE MINING RECORD. 181 ments, which had they appeared as assets would have placed a very different complexion on the position as exhibited in the published statement. Whilst on the subject of city finances it is interesting to note that the receipts from the city's water and light system durin°- 1901, were $13,264.99, as against an expenditure on the same account of $8,630.61, thus leaving a net profit for the year of $4,634.38. The city council consists of: Mayor, Mr. T. W. Holland; aldermen, Messrs. Robert Harvey, John Donaldson, H. A. Sheads, Robert Gaw, Neil Matheson and Jeffrey Hammar. Mr.W. B. Bower is city clerk. Grand Forks is advantageously situated at the confluence of the North Fork with the main Kettle river. It is the commercial centre of a wide and fertile valley having an estimated area, so it is claimed, of about 45,- 000 acres of land, which is suitable for agricultural and horticultural purposes, as has been effectively demonstrated by the success achieved by several ranchers who have made money out of farming and fruit-growing. One of the most promising features in the outlook for the future of Grand Forks is the probability of there being within a few years a comparatively large population settled on small holdings in this valley. There are already several successful examples in the cultivation of 10-acre lots, and efforts are now being made to find buyers for small sub-divisions of one of the best improved farm and orchard properties in the neighbourhood. A resident nurseryman states that fruit trees grow rapidly and come into bearing earlier than in the east. He advocates besides the cultivation of small fruits, which are prolific, the planting of plums, crabs, apples, pears, etc., with which he considers success practically certain, and thinks that with a growing market, a fine climate and comparative freedom from pests, fruit-growers have bright prospects in this valley. Growers of roots and garden crops also find conditions favourable for profitable production, and poultry-raisers do well. Getting back to the town and the industries that support it, first place must be given to the Granby Co's smelter, with its pay roll of about 300 men, which has an extended notice elsewhere in this number. Then in or near the town there are a saw-mill, sash and door factory, foundry and machine shop, two breweries, steam laundry, brickyard (which turns out about the best bricks made in the district), and other industries. Two chartered banks, the Eastern Townships and the Royal Bank of Canada, have branches here, besides which the Grand Forks Investment & Trus!- Co., Ltd., a local company having an authorized capital of $100,- 000, does a general financial and trust business. Grand Forks is the customs "port" for the Boundary, the customs offices at Cascade, Carson, Greenwood and Midway having to report to it. The collector, Mr. R. R. Gilpin, was one of the early settlers in the valley, and is a well-known and popular official. The office of the gold commissioner and mining recorder for the Grand Forks Mining Division is here, these positions being filled by Mr. S. R. Almond, who is also registrar of the Supreme and County Courts and holds other government appointments. The chief license inspector for the Boundary Creek License District, Provincial Constable 1. A. Dinsmore, makes Grand Forks his headquarters. The license commissioners for the district are Messrs. E. Jacobs, Greenwood, chairman ; H. B. Cannon, Grand Forks ; W. B. Townsend, Rossland. The town has well-stocked stores, and its big leading hotel, the Yale, is widely known. Two telegraph and one telephone (a long distance and local) systems facilitate speedy communication. Three railways add to the importance of the town — the C. P. R. Co's Columbia & West ern line passes through; the Kettle Valley & Republic, or as it has been dubbed, the " hot air " line, is nearly completed, and the Great Northern, or the V. V. & E. line (the two appear to be so mixed up here that it is difficult to find out to which company the length of line from Cascade to Grand Forks and Carson belongs) is endeavouring to have injunctions and other obstructions to its progress removed so that it may complete its railroad from Marcus via the Kettle River valley to Republic. Mails are received and dispatched daily, Mr. Geo. H. Hull, being postmaster. Reference has already been made to the many residences as a marked feature of Grand Forks. The local public school is the finest school building in the Boundary, a substantial and commodious brick structure, the cost of which, with fittings, is variously stated at from $15,000 to $18,000. Four churches have their own church buildings completed and paid for, viz.: The Church of England, Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist churches, each having its own resident clergyman or minister. Secret societies are represented by lodges of the Knights of Pythias, Oddfellows and Foresters. Athletics and other outdoor sports have much attention, several clubs being in active existence, while a determined effort is being made to lead the district in horse- racing, a 27-acre level site for a half-mile race track, situate just across the river from the town, having been purchased, as this is now being suitably improved for horse-racing purposes and for outdoor sports generally. Grand Forks has two weekly newspapers. A small daily is published in the adjoining municipality of Columbia, the fortunes of which burgh are being gradually bound up with those of its larger neighbour. The population of the two municipalities was given in the Dominion census returns last year as Grand Forks 1,012 and Columbia-350, together 1,362. A recent municipal count placed the population at 1,650. Allowing for a larger transient population during the present period of railway construction than usual, the ordinary population of the two municipalities may be fairly placed at 1,500, which makes it appear, as it certainly does, to be the most populous centre in the district. It is customary to regard Grand Forks as not having any nearby camps to contribute to its trade, but as the fact must not be lost sight of that there are some mining properties up the North Fork that, although to a large extent neglected just now, will eventually bg worked with promise, from past experience of them, o profitable results. A few miles above the town there' are several well-known mineral claims, on one side of the river or the other, upon which sufficient development work has been done to show that with capital to provide the requisite plant and machinery, and to properly open up the mines, there is a reasonable prospect of their being able to regularly maintain an output of ore that in the aggregate would aid materially to the total value of the district's production. Those properties that have already shipped ore are the Humming Bird and Golden Eagle, which together have sent out nearly 1,000 tons, with the Strawberry and Little Bertha credited with a test car load each. Other claims are the Seattle on the west side ot the river, and the Earthquake, Volcanic and Pathfinder on the east side. There are numbers beside these, but as a rule there has not yet been much work done on them. It is stated that there are on the Pathfinder three main bodies of ore, of a somewhat irregular character, partially developed by two shafts 125 and 135 feet in depth, respectively, and about 700 feet of crosscutting and drifting. These ore bodies are large masses of low grade pyrrhotite, carrying values in gold, silver and copper. The power plant on the Pathfinder consists of a 50 horse-power boiler, 182 THE MINING RECORD. 6x8 hoisting engine, pumps, etc. There is, besides, a small steam plant on the Golden Eagle. The ores of several of the claims named are quartz, with gold and silver, bulk shipments having returned from $10 to $21 per ton gross. Up the East Fork of the North Fork there is a very promising country known as Franklin camp, which for size of ore bodies, so far shown by the very limited amount of work done, and specimen assay values compares favorably with what was known of the older camps at a similar stage. A waggon road has been made from Grand Forks well up the North Fork, and a trail cut out thence to Franklin camp, but the extension of the road through to the camp is an urgent necessity, so that the present almost prohibitive cost of getting in supplies may be considerably reduced and machinery be taken in to facilitate development, otherwise the mineral resources of Franklin camp must remain undevel- Grand Forks, B. C, Public School. oped. It is understood that the Provincial Government will carry the road through during the ensuing summer, Mineral locations have been numerous in Franklin camp, the Banner, McKinley, Gloster and Polard being about the best known claims. The West Fork of the North Fork has attracted much attention during recent months by reason of a reported discovery of coal up there. The country for many miles has been staked for the stated purpose of prospecting for coal, but the only legitimate effort now appearing to be made is that of an organization named the B.C. Coal Co., Ltd., of Nelson, B.C., having an authorized capital of $1,500,000 in $1 shares, but which has not yet sold much of its stock. This company has secured about 25 of these coal prospecting claims, and it now has half a dozen men at work on some of them. Several seams of coal, ranging from 6 in. to 3 ft. 6 in. have been found along a distance of about two miles of the stream, and it is stated that tests of coal from these seams shows that the coal has good coking properties. Arrangements have been made to send in a diamond drill, so that something definite should be ascertained this season regarding the extent and value of the coal, at any rate where seams have already been found. No mention is made above of mining properties in the hills near Grand Forks, nor of the mining country west and south of the town and naturally tributary to it. There are, though, numerous indications of the presence of minerals in the surrounding hills, but more development is necessary to determine whether or not these prospects possess any substantial value. The general position in relation to the town may be summed up by stating that the site of the town, with three valleys converging here, is a most favorable one ; there is ample room for a large producing population all about the city ; the water power derivable from the rivers and the electric power obtainable from the Cascade Power Co's lines which pass through the town, supplemented by whatever steam power it shall be found necessary to put in, together favour the establishment of additional important industries here and the large areas of timber country along the North Fork constitute another valuable resource. Location and climate, varied resources, industrial development already in large measure assured —these combined with the enterprise and energy of the citizens are full of promise that Grand Forks will eventually attain to the position to which it aspires, viz., that of being the largest town in the Boundary District. EHOLT. THE town of Eholt is situate on the summit of the divide over which the Columbia & Western railway has to pass in crossing from the valley of the North Fork at Grand Forks to that ot Boundary creek near Greenwood. It came into existence with the railway and depends to some extent upon the railway for its trade. It has five or six hotels and several stores, the largest of which is that of the Eholt Trading Company, which does a considerable amount of business with neighbouring mining camps. Eholt is in a measure the railway divisional point of the Boundary, being the home station of most of the trains and train crews employed in hauling ore and doing other train work on the local branch lines. Ore and freight trains are made up here and sent thence to Street View, Eholt, B. C, THE MINING RECORD. 183 their various destinations. Passenger trains in and out cross here, and trains to and from Phcenix arrive and depart at about the same time, giving the railway station and yards a comparatively busy appearance when these several trains meet. The railway company keeps here its main coal supply for district use and, too, does such repair work as it is not necessary to send out to larger repair shops. Mines and camps for several miles around make this their postal town. The B. C. mine is distant less than I two miles to southward, and within another mile are the j R. Bell, Oro Denoro, Emma, Blue Bell, Mountain View, and numerons other mineral claims. In another direction lies the Rathmullen group, and further north the Rambler, a promising property upon which are big surface showings and below ground much ore has been passed through by the diamond drill. Northwest are the Jewel group and many more Long Lake camp properties, including the North Star, Lakeview and Ethiopia, the last-named having had done on it some 300 feet of underground crosscutting and drifting which has not be out of place to mention here, by the way, that as early as 1892 Messrs. C. A. R. Lambly, then stationed at Camp McKinney, and Wm. G. McMynn, staked the sites that are now Anaconda and Deadwood, respectively, the intention being that they should be reserved as Provincial government townsites, which, however, was not done). Before the winter closed in Mr. Wood had erected a store building wherein was established the mercantile business that has since developed into the important trading concern of Rendell & Co., in which the enterprising founder still retains an interest. In those days of tardy transportation and slow communication progress was not rapid, but the new town grew. Mr. Wood during the years immediately following throwing into the work of making it accessible to the several surrounding embryo mining camps, much energy and expending money freely, in both of which he was heartily supported by the pioneer residents of the town and neighbourhood. Trails were cut and waggon roads made, these connecting Copper, Deadwood, Greenwood (now Phoenix), Summit, Long Lake and Greenwood, Looking S. W. opened up a vein of gold-bearing quartz of which more may yet be heard. Besides daily mail facilities, Eholt has telegraph and telephone communication. There is a public school here and religious services are held periodically. The resident population is not large, but when the surrounding mining properties become developed so as to join the list of producing mines, the town will grow and prosper. GREENWOOD CITY. IN the fall of 1895 Mr. Robert Wood, well known in the Province as an enterprising pioneer, journeyed from Armstrong, in the Okanagan district, down to the Boundary country then coming into notice. Sitting one day by a cabin at the junction of several trails near where Twin creek flows into Boundary creek, the idea occurred to him that here wasa suitable site for a town. Having come to this conclusion he at once set about securing rights to the land, which had already been taken up either by pre-emption or as mineral claims. (It may Kimberley camps with Greenwood, which thereafter became the business centre of the surrounding country. On July 12, 1897, Greenwood was incorporated as a municipality and later Mr. Wood was, by acclamation, elected its first mayor. Having power to levy rates the money was raised wherewith to make public improvements, and during 1898 quite a transformation was made in the appearance of the growing metropolis by the grading of streets, making sidewalks, etc. Fire, police and health departments were established, and a water system was put in. The first valuation roll for assessment purposes showed a total value of property within the city limits of $211,035. The valuation roll for 1902 shows a total of $1,256,795, a considerable increase, as will be seen, during a period of about four years. The present mayor is Mr. Geo. R. Naden, manager of the Bealey Investment & Trust Co., Ltd., and the aldermen are Messrs. D. A. Bannerman, J. J. Caul- field, W. J. Kirkwood, Duncan Ross, R. Smailes and D. J. Sullivan. Mr. G. B. Taylor is city clerk, and Mr. I. H. Hallett, police magistrate. The city some time since purchased 320 acres of land situate north of the town, for park and cemetery purposes. The population 184 THE MINING RECORD. as given in the Dominion census returns was 1,359 Dut there are numbers of residents just without the city limits, so that the actual population of Greenwood and its immediate vicinity is larger than these figures show. The Dominion government is represented in the town by customs and inland revenue offices, with Mr. H. McCutcheon as collector, and post office, Mr. K. C. B. Frith being postmaster. The value of goods imported and revenue collected during the financial years ending June 30, 1900 and 1901, respectively, were :— In 1900, dutiable goods, $152,700 ; free goods, $15,048 ; total, $167,748. Revenue, customs duty, $41,- i33»50 5 inland revenue collections, $18,- 386.49 ; total, $59,- 519.99. In 1 9 o 1, dutiable goods, $106,289 ; free goods, $37,850 ; total, $144,139. Revenue, customs duty, $30,- 756,63; inland revenue collections, $15,060.03 total, $45,846.66. The higher figures of the first-named p e r i o d were in part attribut- a b 1 e to the larger trade that was necessarily done during the railway construction days. The Provincial government office here is in charge of Mr. Wm. G. McMynn, who is government agent for the Boundary district, gold commissioner and mining recorder for the Kettle River Mining Division, and holds as well several other government appointments. Greenwood is a supreme court registry, and courts of assize are held here periodically. His Honour Judge Leamy, county court judge, resides in the town and holds sittings of the county court whenever necessary. Mr. Early Beginnings Bealey Investment & Trust Co., Ltd., is a local institution, whilst other loan, investment and insurance companies have agencies in the town. Its mercantile establishments are large and well stocked, some of them occupying premises that even a much larger town might well be proud of. Two of its hotels are among the most comfortable and best conducted in the interior, the Hotel Armstrong and the Imperial, the latter being the more popular commercial house. The Boundary Creek Times, the local newspaper, Mr. Duncan Ross, editor, was established in the fall of 1896 by Messrs. H. Mortimer Lamb and W. J. Harber. Both the C. P. R. and Spokane Northern Telegraph Companies have offices here, and the Vernon & Nelson Telephone Co., having disposed of its rival the Columbia Telephone Co., now has a monopoly in the district, which however has the benefit of a generally good service both long distance and local throughout. The chief industry is the B. C. Copper Co's in Greenwood, 1897. smelter, situate just without the city limits. Other industries are saw-mill, sash and door factory, cigar factory, brewery, steam laundry, electric light works, etc. Labour unions are much in evidence here, those organised being the local unions of the miners, printers, carpenters, tailors, painters, clerks, cooks and waiters, and plumbers and iron workers. These all have delegates who constitute a local trades and labour council. The professions—medical, legal, civil and mining engineering, surveying, etc.—are together rather numer- •r -S3V. The Rendell Block, Greenwood. The Law-Caulfield Building, Greenwood. McMynn is registrar of both supreme and county courts, and, too, is chief. Provincial constable for the district. Greenwood makes a creditable showing- in regard to financial, commercial and industrial matters. The Bank of Montreal, Canadian Bank of Commerce and Bank of British North America each have a branch here. The ously represented here. The Church of England, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist churches each have erected a church building in the town. The public school has Mr. McD. Hunter as principal. There is a public reading room provided by the local W. C. T. U. Secret societies having local f THE MINING RECORD. 185 j lodges are the A. F. and A. M., Knights of Pythias and Oddfellows. Cricket, football, baseball and tennis clubs for summer, and a skating rink for winter, provide amusement in variety. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace have a hospital at which good medical and surgical attendance and skilled nursing are always available in case of need. Villa residences are numerous in and around the town so that there is here, as the surrounding mines and the . smelting industry become more extensively developed, nearly every requisite for making the town a busy commercial, industrial and residential centre. ANACONDA. Anaconda adjoins Greenwood on the^ south, and it is making steady progress, being in favor as a place of residence. It has had more buildings erected within its limits during the past twelve months than any other place on Boundary creek, and new houses are still going up Many of the residences are occupied by smelter employees. The resident townsite agent is Mr. Thos. A. Garland, formerly of Portage la Prairie, Man. Anaconda has its own public school, the Provincial government having recently erected, for the accommodation of the school-going children of the town, a comfortable Mother Lode mines. It occupies a level site and has two hotels, store, post office, public school, saw-mill, etc. The school building is similar to that erected at Anaconda. Several mining properties closer to the town than those above named have had some development work done on them, but these latter are idle at present. MIDWAY. IT is difficult under present conditions, which later may prove to have been but transient, to determine whether or not the belief of many that eventually Midway will be one of the more important towns of the Boundary district is well grounded. The assertion may be made, however, without any qualification and in full confidence of its truthfulness, that Midway possesses one of the best natural sites in the district for a town.- Beautifully situated at the confluence of Boundary creek and Kettle river it certainly is a most picturesque spot. . Occupying a broad, level plain at the meeting place of three valleys, with the intervening mountains rising around it, it compels general admiration. But aside from its scenic advantages it would appear that it was designed as well for utilitarian purposes. Lying as it does in the only natural pass through the mountains east and west for a long distance, it appears destined to become an important point on the chief highway through the district. Here meet three main waggon roads which come in, respectively, from the Okanagan country, Camp McKinney, the upper main Kettle river and its West Fork, and the Meyers creek and American Okanagan districts across the International boundary line, all these places being situate west of Midway ; from Republic and other mining camps on the Colville reservation, also across the line to the south ; and from the extensive area of mineral-bearing country comprising the Boundary Creek district, lying immediately to the north. Here, too, for some time has been, and probably will be, the western terminus of the C. P. R. Co's Columbia & Western railway, which provides rail connection with the Kootenay and thence northwards to the C. P. R. main line, eastwards via the same com- MlDWAY, B. C. school house. Anaconda possesses the smallest newspaper in the Province, and probably in the Dominion, edited and printed by the son (aged 11 years) of the general manager of the B. C. Copper Co. Mr. L. A. Smith is postmaster at Anaconda. DEADWOOD. Deadwood is a small town situate about two miles west of Greenwood, near to the Morrison, Sunset and pany's Crow's Nest Pass line, and southwards by two or three different routes to the United States centres of population. And when competing railways shall come in it will be here that a road from Spokane and another from the Columbia river up the American Okanagan, via the Palmer mountain and Meyers creek mining camps and the surrounding wide extent of agricultural and pastoral country, will junction, whilst the surveys of the V. V. & E. and the Vernon & Midway railways 186 THE MINING RECORD. make this their starting point west and northwest. Then, too, it is well known that smelter men fully recognise that the physical conformation of the benches overlooking the town, the ample water supply here obtainable, the abundant room for extensive works, and the central location in regard to the numerous mining camps within a radius of 20 to 30 miles, combine to make this a superior site for reduction works on the Hi _** fta^ £T3? ■a__y_3i__, ^ »U?ffS3SpSj§?^_: Railway Station and Sheds, Midway, B. C. large scale that sooner or later must be adopted to admit of the best results being obtained from the mines of the district. It is by no means improbable that two or three paying mines will eventually be opened up on the hills immediately west of the town, for here are some very promising surface showings of copper-gold ore upon which, though, very little money has as yet been spent in development. There are, as well, indications Kettle River, Midway, B. C. of the occurrence of coal measures, regarding which Mr. S. Fowler, M. E., wrote several years ago, " For some distance along Kettle river, from four miles west of Midway, the cretaceous rocks show occasional croppings of coal. Up to the present time the best of these is near the mouth of Rock creek, 12 miles from Midway, where the seam is about four feet thick. Although prospected to a very limited extent this coal appears to be quite up to the average cretaceous coal in quality, and it has undoubtedly been brought to its present stage as a coal by the heating and distilling influence of the abundant trachyte (?) flow of this vicinity." In this connection it may be remarked that no systematic or sufficient work has yet been done to prove whether these coal measures are extensive or productive enough for the requirements of mining and smelting on a large scale. The experience at Grand Forks has shown that it is quite practicable to grow farm and garden produce within a short distance of a smelter, so that there does not appear to be any good reason to fear that the establishment here of the smelting industry will, to any appreciable extent, injure the steadily expanding farming and gardening interests around Midway. The farm, orchard and garden, of Mr. J. R. Jackson, west of the town ; the young but thriving orchard planted in 1898 by Mr. W. H. Norris, and now coming into prolific bearing, and the productive vegetable garden and berry patch on the same ranch ; the large market gardens of Messrs. Davis Brothers and others, also in the vicinity of the town (there is a score of others in the neighbourhood that might be named, too), and the 5-acre lots Tunnel, Bruce Mine, near Midway, B. C. subdivided by the Midway Company and watered by its irrigation system, together demonstrate that there is room for a considerable population on small holdings around the town, with an increasing demand for products of farm, garden, dairy and poultry yard in the towns and mining camps within a dozen miles. Midway enjoys the advantage of telegraph and telephone as well as railway connection with outside points. It has its own newspaper, The Advance, which was the first newspaper published in the Boundary, having been established here in 1894 by Messrs. W. H. Norris and A. K. Stuart. Its public school is the oldest in the Boundary Creek section of the district, as, too, is its Customs office. The first saw mill brought into the Boundary was set up in 1893, on the bank of Kettle river at Midway, and its enterprising owner is still closely identified with the town in the same line of business. It is believed by those interested in the town that this mill, with its accompanying sash and door factory, is but the pioneer of other manufacturing industries to be established here after trade and population shall have adapted themselves to more permanent conditions than now prevail in the district. Then, too, it is thought Midwayjwill be a distributing centre for a wide area of country. THE MINING RECORD. 187 But it is as a residence town that Midway offers most attractions. No other town on Boundary creek can fairly claim to possess equal advantages from a health point of view. With a dry, bracing atmosphere, an abundant supply of pure water., favourable sanitary conditions, an absence of contagious diseases, plenty of room for outdoor sports, level roads for driving, etc. good shooting and fishing in summer, and excellent skating and sleighing in winter—these combine to make it par excellence, the best residence town in this part of the district. Mr. C. M. Crouse is townsite agent and editor of the Midway A dvance ; Mr. E. A. Hain, postmaster; Mr. R. Gardom, deputy collector of customs, and Mr. A. A. McPhail, principal of the public school. It may be of interest to add that the site of the town, which was for years known as Eholts, was purchased in 1893 from the pre-emptor, Louis Eholt, by Capt. R. C. Adams, of Montreal, Quebec, for himself and several Montreal associates. The townsite was platted in 1893, and later the Midway company was organised to acquire this and other property of the original syndicate. WEST FORK OF KETTLE RIVER. IN June of 1901 the Mining Record published an interesting article on the West Fork of Kettle river and its tributaries, accompanied by a sketch map, by Mr. James Atwood, a pioneer in the Boundary and a man of considerable prospecting experience and general knowledge of the country. In this particulars were given of several "mineral zones" occurring along the West Fork or its tributary creeks. The first was the Boomerang mining camp, the southern boundary of which is Boomerang creek, flowing into the West Fork about six miles above the confluence of that stream with the main Kettle river. The Boomerang camp was described as "a mineral granite belt about three miles wide by nine miles long, commencing about two miles east of the West Fork and running in a westerly direction for nine miles. The principal mineral zone appears to be in the southeast corner of the belt, and about equally divided by the river. The ore is gold, silver, copper and iron, carrying some tellurium, and is partially free milling." This mineral belt is crossed by French and Kelly creeks, which run through deep, rugged canyons, the country rock of which is deeply impregnated with iron. Other creeks come in from one side or the other as the West Fork is ascended, but as yet no mineral discoveries of importance have been made up these. Higher up is Cranberry creek, which is the southern boundary of the Beaver creek mineral belt, lying on both sides of the West Fork and, so far as explored, extending for about 30 miles up the river, and having an area more or less mineralized throughout of about 150 square miles. There are two mineral zones in the Beaver creek belt. The Beaver mountain zone takes in that part of it lying east of the West Fork, and from the mouth of Cranberry creek to the head waters of Beaver creek, about 15 miles in length by about 5 in width, the area being somewhere about 75 square miles. The best known claims around Beaverdell, which is the town of this part of the district, are the Bell, Sally, Bounty, Washington and Idaho, on all of which some development work has been done that has opened up veins of ore generally running well in gold and silver. Half a dozen miles higher up the West Fork is the Carmi mine and the embryo town of Carmi, named after his native town, in Illinois, U.S.A., by Jas. Dale, who, in August, 1896, located the Carmi and the neighbouring Butcher Boy. The Carmi was sold in 1900 to the representative of some old country capitalists, and it in the winter of 1900-1 sent down to the smelter 885 tons of ore, which had to be hauled on sleighs more than 50 miles to the railway station at Midway. This ore is generally understood to have returned a gross value of from $40 to $50 per ton. In the same vicinity is the Rambler, the ore of which also runs high. The " Carmi zone " including the country about the Arlington, situate higher up the river, takes in an area of about 30 square miles. The Arlington is a re-location of the old Headlight, which was located on May 6th, 1895, by Peter Heldstab, and was the first mineral claim up here staked and recorded. Before the summit of the divide between the Kettle river and Okanagan river valleys is reached other creeks flow into the West Fork, among them Wilkinson, Hall and China creeks, and the East Fork, this last a West Fork of Kettle River, considerable stream, about 10 miles in length. The West Fork from its head waters to its confluence with the main Kettle river, is about 45 miles in length, and drains a country that after it shall have been given transportation facilities (two railway preliminary surveys have already been made through here) will likely come into prominence as a mining section. Mr. R. W. Brock, of the geological survey of Canada, briefly describes the geological features of this district thus: One mile above Rock creek, dolomites, serpentine, argillites and greenstones, probably belonging to the Cache creek series, occur. After continuing about a mile these give place to a conglomerate, probably tertiary. The conglomerate is soon succeeded by more of the Cache creek rocks, which continue to James creek. From James creek to Westbridge, and from Westbridge up the West Fork of Kettle river to Boomerang creek the dark purplish and reddish basalts (bird's-eye porphyries of the prospector) obtain. From 188 THE MINING RECORD. Boomerang creek to Ranch creek the rock is grey granite, and thence to Beaverdell it is mostly the reddish younger granite. At Beaverdell is an important area of greenstone and some altered sedimentary rocks in granite. North from Rock creek, along the main river and several of its tributaries, there are numerous other mineral claims, but as a rule they have had but little development work done on them. The Oro Fino and Rivet- side groups—the latter lately purchased and now being opened up by men from Duluth, Minnesota—on the east side of the river, and the Crown Point and Barrett's groups, up James creek, on the west side, have had some attention. Above the West Fork, Cedar, Canyon and Deer creeks are the best known of the tributaries to the main river. Numerous claims have been located in the vicinity of these creeks. On the Montana, Colorado and Fourth of July claims, on Canyon creek, good showings of copper-gold ore are said to occur, with fair assay values. Some $2,000 have been spent here in development. On the Silver Dollar, where a shaft has been sunk, and Barnato claims, situate on Horseshoe mountain, there are stated to be large bodies of quartz and arsenical iron carrying gold. Among many others are the O.K. and Fletcher's groups, Mogul and Hackla. DEVELOPMENTS IN CAMP FAIRVIEW. (Prom Our Own Correspondent.) YOUR correspondent has just returned from an inspection of the Stemwinder mine, and was agreeably surprised to see matters in such a fine condition. A great deal of construction work has been done within the past few months and is steadily progressing. The shaft has been sunk an additional 25 feet in order to- put in a large sump and ore pocket to receive the large quantity of ore which the 3rd level will supply. Ore chutes are now in for over 300 feet on the different levels and all preparatory work well advanced in order to enable the company to extract large quantities of ore when necessary. Twenty more stamps have been purchased and will be placed alongside of the 26 stamps which are now in operation. This work will take about three months, after which the Stemwinder will crush over 150 tons of ore a day. For the past month work has been going on in the erection of a cyanide plant which is expected will be completed in a few weeks. This plant is for the treatment of the concentrates, of which there is at present on hand about 200 tons. A new bunk house has recently been erected for the accommodation of the miners. While the changes were being made in the shaft and compressor buildings it was necessary to close down the mill, but it has been steadily working since. Five Wilfley tables have been added to the concentrating plant recently and are doing very fine work. Mr. Charles Ostenburg, the superintendent, certainly deserves great credit for the manner in which the operations have been conducted. He says that he is positive that he can treat the ore for a total cost of less than $1.75 Per t°n> £nd as the values run between $4 and $6 in the thousands of tons now being broken down, the prospects are very bright indeed for the New Fairview Corporation. As soon as the frost is out of the ground a pipe line is to be laid from Reed creek to the mill to supply the water for the extra stamps being installed. This will be completed by the time the mill is ready for it. Many buildings are being erected near the mine which is assuming quite a townlike appearance. About quarter of a mile farther up the hill the Dominion Consolidated Co. are developing their mines by a series of tunnels. This company have recently got a large amount of working capital, and we understand they intend in addition to the mining work to put in a large power plant at Okanagan Falls in order to supply power to all the mines in the district. We hear that a newspaper is to be started in the immediate future. RECENT MINING PROGRESS IN YMIR DISTRICT. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THE most important event in the mining interests of this section for many months was the striking of the Ymir vein at the 1,000 foot level. The last official information with regard to the strike is contained in a cable sent by Mr. Fowler, the engineer, to the head office of the company in London. The cable read as follows : " Deep level now in ten feet of quartz j very low grade ; much better than expected." The somewhat ambiguous wording of this cable is explained by the fact that the long adit strikes the vein near the western extremity of the ore chute. The shaft which is now down about 750 feet, lies about 150 feet east of the portion of the vein which has been struck by the adit. In the shaft.at its deepest part a very fine showing of high . grade ore has been made, and it is a fair assumption to say that by drifting 150 feet east from the end of the adit, a similar showine will be obtained perpendicularly below the bottom of the shaft. The cyanide plant is now working at its full capacity, but so far the returns for the first month's work have not been made known. Admission to the mine and cyanide works is now refused to all visitors. The Union Jack mine, operated by the Active Gold Mining Co., is showing up wonderfully well under development. Upon the Queen claim a chute of ore 80 feet long and 4 feet wide has been developed, which will average over $40 per ton. The ore is a fine grained galena, carrying high gold values. The Active Co., which is formed of a number of Cincinnati capitalists, is in good shape financially, and will shortly thoroughly equip the property with machinery adapted to the carrying on of development in the most economical manner possible, there being now sufficient ore in sight to amply guarantee this expenditure. During the past month shipments of ore have been made from the New Victor mine on Wild Horse creek and the Queen mine near Salmo. From the New Victor a quantity of rich gold ore has been sent out, the returns being reported to run over $ioo per ton. The Queen has sent out a number of car loads of ore running about $50 a ton, but will shortly commence putting its output through the Yellowstone mill, with which it is now being connected by means of a steel track tramway. COAL EXPORTATIONS. EXPORTATIONS of coal from Vancouver Island collieries during March were distributed as follows :— Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 31,473 Comox 18,740 Ladysmith 12,041 Total 62,254 THE METAL MARKET. THE price of silver, which has been steadily declining for several months past, has recently reached an abnormally low point, being quoted in London at 23^d. to 24^ d., and in New York at 5oJ»i to S3&- The outlook for this metal is not encouraging, and the- only possible prospect of an improvement in the market depends on industrial developments in China, occasioning large local expenditures for labour, payable in silver coin. Lead has also been dull, but with little change in prices, the ruling quotations being 3 97% @ 4.05, St. Louis, and 4.05 to 4.10, New York. The London market, however, has been slightly firmer at £11 15s. to £11 17s. 6d. The demand for copper has been greater during the month, and the large purchases made early in the year are being consumed more rapidiy than was anticipated. Enquiry from Europe has also shown improvement. The latest quotations are: Lake copper, 12 @ 12^ ; electrolytic copper in cakes, wire bars and ingots, n^| @ 11^; in cathodes, 11 J. @ n}4, and casting copper, 11 J£ @ n5£. Spelter is easier at 4.20 St. Louis, 4.40 New York. o MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. ROSSLAND. RE production from the Rossland district for the four months ending April 30th, approximate 121,000 tons. Shipments to- April 26th, were distributed as follows : Year. Le Loi 88,965 Le Roi No. 2 20,450 Cascade 300 Bonanza 30 Velvet 250 Centre Star 3,010 Rossland G. W 1,950 War Eagle 90 Spitzee ' 20 115,125 LARDEAU. The total tonnage of ore shipped from this district during the first three months of this year was 1,667 tons valued at $164,000. THE MINING RECORD. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. The output from the Boundary district mines for the four months end" ing April 8th, is estimated at 160,000 tons, bhipments to April 23rd were made up as follows : Year. Granby Mines, Phcenix 99,692 Snowshoe ggo Mother Lode, Deadwood 44 328 Sunset 150 Winnipeg, Wellington 555 Golden Crown 630 No. 7, Central 250 Jewel, Long Lake 1,140 147.405 Granby smelter treatment, tons 99,150 Mother Lode smelter treatment, tons 46,350 SLOCAN. The tonnage returns of ore shipped through the port of Kaslo during the year to April 24th, are appended : Tons. January 1,725 Februury 1,868 March l,66o>£ April (to 24th) 738>_ S.992 ' Shipments from Slocan City Division aggregate 1,495 tons. The total shipments from the Slocan to date are placed at 8,740 tons. EAST KOOTENAY. A paper published in the Windermere district of East Kootenay estimates that ore shipments to date from the Paradise, Delphine, Red Line, Swansea, White Cat, Silver Belt, M. T. Fraction and Bunyan mines aggregate 2,385,141 pounds. The ore sent out for treatment is of a generally high-grade character, that from the Delphine, for example, having a total value per ton in silver, lead and copper of from $74.82 to as high as $149.02. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND HAULAGE. THE Trenton Iron Company, of Trenton, New Jersey, have issued a most interesting and well-illustrated text book entitled " The Application of Wire Rope to Surface and Underground Haulage' This little work is in no sense a mere trade pamphlet but contains a vast amount of really valuable and interesting information on the subject with which it treats. The company offer, however, to supply the book free of charge upon application. NOTICE. Coal Mines Regulation /\ct Amendment J\ct, 1901. Notice is hereby given that Edward Large, the coal miner elected to serve as alternate on the Board of Examiners of the Michel mine, having ceased to be employed therein, and the coal miners at said mine having neglected to elect two alternates as set out in the regulations made in pursuance of the said Act, I have this day appointed the following coal miners to act as first and second alternates on behalf of the coal miners at the said mine : First alternate, Charles Thurman, of Michel, B. C. Second alternate, Albert Duggan, of Michel, B. C. EDWARD GAWLOR PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., April i, 1902. J. 0. HARRON, President. THOS. RICKARD, 1st Vice-Pres. Formerly of Parke & Lacy Co. HARRON, A. J. McCONE, 2nd Vice-Pres. of Fulton Engine Works, Los Angeles and Fulton Foundry, Virginia City. RICKARD & McCONE, 21-23 Fremont St., San Francisco. Machinery Merchants. We are at the same place and carry the same stock of [Mine and Mill Machinery and Supplies As was handled by PARKE & LACY COMPANY, And we have added thereto other lines. Particularly Electric Generators and Motors. Write for Catalogues. In writing, mention this paper. CABLE HOIST-CONVEYORS Laurent-Cherry and Hall Patents. MANUFACTURED BY The Trenton Iron Co'y TRENTON, N.J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System of Wire Rope Tramways. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for Surface and Underground Haulage, etc. Illustrated book upon application. flew York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co.," 17 Burling Slip. Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building. Denver Office—R.. D. Seymour, Manager, 1711 Trernont Street. San Francisco Office—flewton H|. Bell, agent, 308 Market St. THE MINING KECORD. City of Victoria. The metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British. Columbia terminus of the Great -Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian 'Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line hetween San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other 'Sound cities. GLUMATOE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and .bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. GEPlowers the year round. 'SCENEBTY — World - renowned. Unparalleled marine views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric rail- .ways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. EtNTVURONS—-Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suburb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. iSPOHTS AN© GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Ldnks. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. JElrst-class Hotels and lodging Houses; livery turn-outs at reasonable rates. THE MOST DEUiGfHTFUD PLACE OF BlESlDfENCE IN CANADA. .Surrounding districts the sportsman's paradise- trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre of the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast, and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of 100 miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C, will receive Prompt attention. RICHARD H. PARKINSON Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraidic Engineer. FAIRYIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys, The National Banker, Chicago, Illinois Is recognised as the leading' financial journal of the United States. In addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries of the country. It reaches more private investors and capitalists than any publication in the U. S. It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising" medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the moneyed class of the country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in The National Banker. Any legitimnte enterprises can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financia' journal in the United States. Subscription price $1.00 per year. Advertising- rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 and 86 La Salle Street, ^hicag'o, 111. - Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at worl^ in British JJorth and South America, Telegraphic Address: " Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. HOLMAN BROS. !J___MIBOI._Nr_ED OO-RIN-^r^LL MANUFACTURERS OF Boilers, Air Comp.essors, Mining Machinery, THE HOLMAN Went Rock Drill awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition. London 1899. Specially adapted B. C. Mining. Drills and Duplicate parts. Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc., IN STOCK AT Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. Awarded Gold Medal Paris 1900. Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St,, VICTORIA, B.C. BENNETT'S FU~SE CROWN BRAND. th:_e3 _E-zii^ra- O-F1 fuses |The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE, is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of [British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal and the world over. Beware of Spumous Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. ALLIS-««M8 :SUCCESSO_^^f" THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER ft CHALMEHSf 'GiS^pjS Ij^^l^^Sl^^pP^^^^^^^^^S^ gS^Milwaukee.Wis. 5^^.-.; Chicago, UVgfgj^ IflfeslPfch^^^^^^^m^- ^S?ip3_3^nto**^~:' BUILDERS OF HOISTING J ENGINES (STANDARD AND SPECIAL DESIGN) . Description of Hoisting Engine built for the Le Roi Mining Company This engine embodies the latest principles in hoisting engine construction, and consists of two 24 inch by 60 inch Corliss engines with two drums 10 ft. diameter by 5 ft. fa.ce mounted directly on the crank shaft. Each drum is equipped with a powerful band friction clutch and a powerful post brake operated by steam. The engine is provided ■with special valve gear for hoisting engine work, and is controlled by link reversing gear operated by an auxiliary engine. It is furnished with all devices for proper handling and safety. Maximum capacity 14,500 lbs. unbalanced load raised at 2,000 ft. per minute with 100 lbs. steam pressure. JteMt*FiCEs;rt JW'#it|^Broa. ExcliangeBldg. pP^BlJi^^5Gei:lkBanhBldj; ^^NECrnpoojy Biocfel? GENERAL OFFICER ' HOME INSURANCE BU_i.DINCrP ■S^.raANaSe0jl3rMonlgnmer>S(. ^dNMN/Sct^^ieO Dashvvood House. THE1MINING RECORD. ROF The Future Smelting centre of the Northwest coast. Situated at Osborne Bay, on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, the terminus of the Lenora-Monnt ISicker Railway. L .Lofcs wiI1 be PlaTc.ed .^t^/^rkefc in a few days. For particulars apply to Lenora Mount Sicker Copper. IMining Company, Limited, JNon-Personal Liability, MacGregor Block, Victoria. oiarces ©f Croft©ira A Modern Matting and Converting Plant for copper ores. A large Mining District in the immediate vicinitv An Unrivalled Harbour with secure anchorage. The Terminus of the Mount Sicker tramway. EAST KOOTENAY NINES AND MINING STOCK. Coal, Petroleum and Timber and in British Columbia. McvrrriE & hutcheson, Cranbrook, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bank of British North America, V c.nCOUVer, D-(_-. SEATTLE- effing \ Refining Go. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver ; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrattor. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. Concentration The finest work is done by the HOOPER PNEUMATIC SYSTEM. ADDRESS : General Concentrates Company, 517 W. 30th St., NEW YORK CITY. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co Ltd. SMELTING DEPARTMENT. PURCHASES COPPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED. We are open to act as Fiscal Agents in Boston and New England for the sale of the Treasury Stock of a-good Mining Company. Address with full particulars Edward Hedges & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. £10 REWARD Will be given to any person who will put Donald Stewart, i Smith Terrace Wick Scotland, N. B., in communication with his brother, DAVID RUSSELL STEWART, who was last known to be in the Totumo Mine, Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward paid from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E C. THE MINING RECORD. FOE S-A.-.LIE. A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator, 25 h. p. boiler, 15 b. p. engine. The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. L. PARNACOTT & CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Wal.hamstow, England, Beg to notify Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of Good Experienced Miners From several parts of the continent. Seeds, Trees, Plants, Bulbs FOR SPRING PLANTING. Agricultural Implements, Bee Supplies, Fruit Baskets, Fertilizers. White Labour Only. Send for Catalogue. U. J. HENRY, 3009 Westminster Road, - VANCOUVER, B. C. One 12 in. x 12 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water-Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 4Mj x 2% x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Fairview Corporation, Fairview, B.C. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, _MII_I_>ri_l_>rGr- BEOKBE. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. G. WANTED. Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in British Columbia. Apply " A," Box 246, Victoria, B. C. Mining Property for Sale in British Columbia. Tenders are invited for the whole property, including Crown granted claims, mill site, cyanide mill, (capacity 45 to 50 tons daily), tramway, assay office, laboratory and full equipment, of the Toronto Lillooet Gold r\eefs Company, Limited, situate in the Lillooet district 0/ British Columbia, including the Ample, Whale, Monarch, and Welland Vale mines, which are Crown granted, also the North Star, the Golden Stripe, Golden Eagle, Ruby and Jumbo mineral claims, in the same district, together with a ten- stamp mill, machine drills and other equipments. Cash tenders for the whole property are requested but offers on working options or for portions of the property will be considered. From the former group 950 tons of ore has been milled, with an assay value approximating $10.00 to $11.00. Wagon road from railroad to mill. The whole of the above will bear looking into and investigating, and are an exceptionally important and valuable group of claims with full working equipment. Full particulars may be had on application to Edgar Bloomfield, Liquidator. P. O. box 743, Vancouver, B. C. IRON BEDSTBMDS Of all descriptions manufactured from BEST MATERIALS in any desired designs and tastefully enamelled in any color. Prices and quality equal to Eastern Bedsteads. Patronize Home Industry. We use British Columbia coal, coke and paint. Write for catalogue and prices. TAYLOR & HAGGART, 162-164 Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. m m j a XI *Tp r? Y\ Assayer and Chemist of many years experience desires a VV s\ IN 1 C. L-J situation with a Mining or Metallurgical company. University graduate ; speaks Spanish ; understands bookkeeping. Apply B. C. Mining Record. Victoria, B. C. Michigan School of Mines. An Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of instruction. Special courses. Field and laboratory courses in regular summer term. For catalogue giving list of graduates and their occupations. Address, F. W. McNAIR, Pres., Houghton, Mich. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices—FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B. O. THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA 11 THE MINERAL PROVINCE OF CANADA. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Coal, Coke, Oil, Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines ot British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000. Amount and Value of Mineral Products for 1899, 1900 and 1901. Customary 1899. 1900. 1901. (Estimated). Measure. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Gold, placer ,. 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7,722,591 21,862,436 T.-Jofi 12A $1,344,9°° 2,857,573 1,663,708 I.35M53 878,870 - 3,9i8,972 171,255 206*, 400 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 $1,278,724 3,453!38l 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,691,887 4,3'8,785 425,745 251,740 $16,344,751 43,204 227,696 4,685.718 3°,736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 $ 892,500 2,704,200 2,624,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587,630 673,800 309,030 ct Copper Lead' Coal Coke •••■ 34.251 1 $12,393,131 $20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131 ; for 1900, $16,344,751 ; for 1901, $20,713,201. I GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in arly days formed the chief mineral hdustry of the province, and made t famous all the world over, still jonthmes to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel [eposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have ren- ered the working of large deposits, bng known to exist, now profitable •here previously impossible. [(The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and_ has ply been touched, leaving still virgin round well worth the prospecting for lis, the only class of " poor man's bine." I Recent discoveries of new placer elds in the Atlin district, the Cassiar hstrict, and in the Cariboo district near ae Horsefly river, are proof that_ the leld is not yet exhausted, and promise a levival of this important industry. I HYDRAULIC MINING plants cost- bg large amounts of money are being pstalled in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, in- pcating the extent of the gold deposits. Pne company recovered $350,000 in gold luring 1900. I DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving reserved attention, and dredges are at ,ork on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel jnd other rivers, on all of which [treams good ground may yet be ob- l-ined. I LODE GOLD MINING is now being posecuted iu various parts of the [rovinee, and in certain instances very pccessful, notably at Ymir, Cariboo- pcKinney, and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORBS are being ex- fcnsively worked at Rossland by the Le j>oi, War Eagle and associated com- pnies, while other mines in the camp fe rapidly becoming important pro- pieers. The tonnage of this camp alone »o 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the province in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent., while the lead production increased 206 per cent., largely derived from properties in East Kootenay, rendered available by' railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland. where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost unlimited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. . The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on the Coast, in the Similkameen valley, etc.. give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of nai iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific 'Coast in the immediate future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Ooast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. OOAJL AND .COKE—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net outwit of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19.234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are puttfing out from 1,500 to 2,000 tons of coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal and 51,757 tons of coke were exportedj chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, •Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda; while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kootenay andtwo others on the Ooast. Refineries are as yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. OAPffTAlL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper business care is used, aud the experience of competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LAND'S.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. -A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information, reports, bulletins, etc., address The Hon. The Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.G W. F. Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B.C. I $J THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J C. GWILLIM, B. Sc Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B, C. mining- districts. BAKER STREET, - - NELSON, B. C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B.C. Code—Bedford-McNeli. P. O. Box 43. john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. sc w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS pi r»/-i»M r» r\ and LAND SURVEYORS. oLUOAIN, D. L*. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. ■ W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S.. P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. V VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. TUCT YMIP _TM QT DI PT 1 beinS raPIdly recognized IllC. T IVIirf UIOI nlvl as affording the best mining investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on "working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited, j A W. MORE & CO., Ltd. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeill's, Moreing & Neal's, Clough's, and A. B. C, Fourth Edition. B. H. HURST, Victoria, B. C. Correspondents on the Principal Exchanges of the World. " Data," a monthly Financial Paper, sent Free t» any address upon application. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of Ores, $35; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year. Send for C-rcukuv 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. /. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. Nlchols, A.R.S.M. Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. 86 GOVERNMENT STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B.Sc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer. Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence give fist, of Mcch. Eng. of England. A mar. Inst, of Elcc. Eng. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral-Analysis. Prompt attention to samples by mail or exprres. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, m^coTLtd^00 Hyd- Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON," Ashcroft, B. C THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T. HA ULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, OFFICE (8, 9 and io, ; \K. W. C. Block, Nelson, B. C. J. B. TYRRELL. M. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst. Hi. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON, YUKON. CANADA Cable Address : "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. H. MCGREGOR. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEEES, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA *J15 NELSON. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, IB. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regu.ar.y Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. Helga Gold and Copper Mining Co'y. Mines situated in Vancouver, B. C, District. CAPITAL, $1,000,000. PAR VALUE, $1.00. Office, 75 Sullivan Building V. R. PIERSON, President. J. A. FREEMAN, Secreta M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson. A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. H0LDICH, Analytical Chemist ^ Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal and Iron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. l^ELilABIiE ASSAYS. Gold $ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 Lead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper... 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Cold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, COlo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B. O Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. \ Reports made ou Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. MEL-SON, B. G. Box 676. c*5* e^* e£* IVjachinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. W. Pellew-Harvey, F.C.S., M.I.M.M., Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M., A.I.M.M. Assayer in charge of Provincial Govern- E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M.F.G.S. ment Assay Office at Vancouver. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman, PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Reports on IV)ines and Metallurgical and Milling Processes. SPECIALTY: UMPIRE and CONTROL ASSAYS. Cable and Telegraphic Address : Analysis, Vancouver. 1 ifiunniiiirn n r. Codes : Moreing & Neal, A.B.C. and Lieber. / VANCOUVER, B.C. Victoria Office: 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST., M. E. Mjolson's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. C. E. C. B. BAGSHAWE, REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % «. Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. G. A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. O. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining" Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia £W SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL. ^S Mining and Surveying Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59. GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. F. NICHOLSON. CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting- cap'tal ami affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors.' Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal attention given that good work is dpne where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. C, EAST KOOTENAY. Ilii m The mining record. i MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS 3STO G-OO-D dvertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EnPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, British and Canadian Press Bureau," 24 Coleman 5t., London, E.C. the miHiHG joU^Hai* Railway and Commercial Gazette. Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as tojlows: Canada. 12 months. 6 months. 3 months. 28s. 14s. 7s. Payable in Advance. NOW READY. The MINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade In the United States and other countries to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing- numerous diagrams and working- drawing's. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable technical monographs embodied in the present volume are the following : Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1900, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane ; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L. K. Bohm ; Clay and and its manufacture into brick and tile, by H. Ries ; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge j Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive power, by G. Lunge ; Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke ; Notes on the leaching of copper sulphide-ores, by S. R. Adcock ; Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Keller ; Rantan Copper Works — general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks ; Manufacture of blue vitriol from argentiferous copper, by J. G. Clemmer ; Recent progress in the Henderson process for extracting copper from p\ rites cinders, by J. G. Clemmer ; Fluorspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Ill'nois,by W. E. Burk ; Diamondiferous deposits in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs ; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.; Present development of the barrel chlorination process, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in it}oo, by R. H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson , Assay of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy at the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe Alloys of iron, by H. Souther ; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hof- man ; Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake ; Electrolyz- ing nickel-copper matte, byT. Ulke; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorko- vitz ; Origin and occurrence of petroleum in California, by A S. Cooper ; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heri- to t Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F. Klockmann ; Manufacture or potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by J. B. C. Kershaw : Progress in the sulphuric acid industry in 1900, by F. J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St, Lawrence Co., N.Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end 01 1898, by F. Owen ; Review of progress in the metallurgy of ainc in 1900, by W. R. Ir.galls ; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter ; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sau^eur ; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi ; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N. S. W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Greenway ; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R. W. Raymond ; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C, F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING Ct., 253 Broadway, New York. R. MAYNARD, Importer and dealer in all kinds of Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos, Etc. Agent for Imperial, Cramer & Hammer Plates, 41 PSflClOrcl St., Aristo-Platino, Solio, Kloro, Velox and UTPTAnTA T> I Dekho Papers. V IL 1 OKI A, D. L MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location giving it unusual facilities. Distinct- ! ive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving- occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. E. M. SANDILANDS, Notary Ptiblic, Mines, Stocks and Lnsurance. Repesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phcenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation-Life Association. Slocan Mines. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address; "Silverlands." Crown Grants Obtained.- Sandon, B. C. m. R. SilTH & COiPAN? LIMITED. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, '95, '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. ■ Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH: VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET. VANCOUVER. Tlbe Silver IRing Ibotel, j BAKER ST., NELSON, B. C. : $1.00 0 D0|. 6.L ►*■ THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us—Why? We have the best goods and largest assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly from our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere. EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for Illustrated Catalogue—Free. Established 1862. ^SATEIL-E-R BROS.. VICTOBIA, B. C- Stock Certificates and flining Stationery of an kinds in stock or sup- plied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. THE COLONIST P. & P. CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO. . VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND NELSON, B. C. and at fl. c. Beeton & Co., §3 Finsburu Circus, London, England. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Dry Coods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc. Good Indented From All Parts of the World. Telegraphic Addresses: "TURNER," Victoria; "BEETON," London; "TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson. Layritz Nursery Victoria, B.C. Headquarters for Choice Nursery Slock. Fruit and Ornamental Trees.' Small Fruit. Roses, Evergreens, etc., etc. Largest and best assorted stock in the country. Plants carefully packed for shipment to the Interior. Catalogue and Price List on Application. I 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C PI Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. LEGG. Send for Sample".. _. Manager. THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. Incofporated by Act of Parliament. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up,$12,000,000.00. RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Slrathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. Hon. G. A Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald ; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. | 8. CLOUSTON, General Manager. A. Macnider Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. W. S. Clouston Inspector of Branch Returns. BRANCHES IN CANADA: Province op Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall,Deseronto,Fort William, Goderich, Guelph, Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth, Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's, Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg1. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N. B.j Frederickton, N. B.; Moncton, N. B.; St. John, N. B.; Amherst, N. S.; Halifax, N. S.; Sydney, N. S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg-, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of Britisit Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F. W. Taylor Assistant Inspector. JAMES AIRD, Secretary. Montreal—H, V. MEREDITH Manager. In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E. C, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States—New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain—London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank, the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—The British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, --The Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston—The Merchants* National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED The Bhnk of British Columbia; HEAD OFFICE: TOBONXO. PAID UP CAPITAL | .'■♦ $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2.OOO.000 Aggregate Resources Over 70,000,000 HON. GEO. A.. COX, President. IB. E. "W-AJLJECER, General Manager. LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. The Bank has 67 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon Territory: Atlin, Cranbrook, Dawson, Fernie. Greenwood, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Nelson, New Westminster, Sandon, Vancouver, Victoria, White Horse. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, .||r San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. Victoria Branch, GEO. GILLESPIE. MANAGER. Nanaimo Saw Mill and Sash and Door Factory, OFFICE : MILL STREET, NANAIMO, B. C. „A__ _EI_A-SIj_A_]VC. Peopeietoe. Complete Stock, of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, "White Pine, Redwood, &c Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. BANK OFf BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. PAID UP CAPITAL, 0- ESTABUSHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. £1,000,000 STERLINC. RESERVE FUND, -LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.— £350,000 STERLINC. -o BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields —ATLIN and DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department -has been established in connection with the Victoria branch. Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgf., VICTORIA, B. C« THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL I The New Vancouver Coal Mining & Land Co* (ii_i_K4:iT_H!_D) (FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY.) Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Ub VU tf/ Mt VU NANAIMO COAL (Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Pnrposes. TH FIELD COAL Steam Fuel. Protection Island Goal and New Wellington Coal House and Steam Coal), are Mined by this Company Exclusively. Mb ifer H W \Jb THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL 's used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was ^introduced in 1890, has already become a favourite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Special despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAMUEL M. ROBINS, Supt., Nanaimo, B. C. 1 11 THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. Canadian Paeifle Railway SOO-PACIFIC LINE. *-l_<-*Jr*j("**X_r.*V*V»wr_Lr_L»^,« THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. «r«__^-r*_r»rf_trf»^-(^~*m_r*_r-u^-r* Lowest Rates. i TO ALL POINTS IN Best Equipment. T Canada and United States. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to B. W. GREER, Agent, VICTORIA, B. O. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. TIME T^l.BI-.---_ ALASKA ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Princess May and Amur make regular sailings connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. VICTORIA—VANCOUVER ROUTE. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a.m. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. NORTHERN B. C. COAST ROUTE. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., .2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeefna River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month. VICTORIA—NEW WESTMINSTER ROUTE. ' S. S. Princess Louise. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a. m. Calling at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. NEW WESTMINSTER—CHILLIWACK ROUTE. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Ca ling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. NEW WESTMINSTER—STEVESTON ROUTE. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., 7 a. m.; Fri , 6 a.m.; Sat., 6 p.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. WEST COAST ROUTE. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Claoose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ahouset, for Cape Scott and Intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For full particulars as to time rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P. R. agent or to J. W. TROUP, E. J. COYLE, Manager, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VICTORIA. VANCOUVER Opposite the C. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men. Grand Pacific Hotel, P. A. BARNHART, Proprietor. ||| KAMLOOPS, B. C. WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Hotel Vernon, Thoroughly Commercial. 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Hotel 'Dallas, VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for igoi under same management. DOMINION HOTEL, VICTOEIA, _3_ C_ NFW AND MDriFRN Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths, 111,-. MI.U inUUCni.. Electric Lighted, Return Call Bellsand first-class service American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European. Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a day. The Hudson's Bay Company H _a___t E: G-E®"EB_A._nfSTOB_ES ?_ T JJAft^BB Peres SjMTLEFORD ja^algary Chapleau Dauphin i|p3Ey_!L()RAINE Edmontoi$''1^7! ,f Fort, William Kamloops ^LiVtjGLEY Lethbridge Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa MORDEN Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie : Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake *4»SJ' SUDBDlfyi','.! Touc_r«Mk>D Hills Vancouver Victoria Vernon Whitewood Wi n n i peg .:&£«( And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find at these Stores the best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the world. Stand Eock Drills Have you seenj&ur new 2-inch drill? Just the thing for light work. i^issland, B. O. Greenwood,; B. O. FELTEN & GUILLEAOME, Carlswerk, Action GesellschafL Hulheim on Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES EleotrlC Lighting Cablets for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding fire-damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire^Ropes, IRON, STEEL, CHOPPER AND BRONZE W-RE Superior qualities. J*^ SOLE AGfcfiTTS FOR CANADA v.. WATSON JACK & CO. Montreal # E^RY BELT GUARANTEED §_||YE 0/\K TANNED LEATHER BELTING ^_r_£^? ~~ . For Exposed Situations Use "Ll^as-iire" Hair Belting. BATAJLOCUE AND DISCOUNTS 0)1 APPLICATION. ||. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. 1 w2 ! I "'fV*I: "if I I io,ooo PEifroN wheel! NOW RUNNING. lission an. MiniBE Send for Illustrated Catalogue. The Pelton Water-WheeI Co^ 127 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAl|| .'■:--: r>-'"-,'-": TYEE COPPER C(D. Smelting* Works w^j^^ffi AT -i . ' '■ LADYSMITH. Prepared to purchase ores as from August lst^ilon venient to E. & N. or sea. CLERMONT LIVINGSTON,. Manager HADFIBLD & JACK'S PATENT GYRATORY CRUSHERS and Shells AND ORE CRUSHERS, FITTED WITH HADFIELD'S Patent Manganese Steel Plates, Cones HADFIELD'S STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY, LTD., SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND. REPRESENTATIVE 'FOR CANADA;' Francis T. Peacock, M|S., \mGanada Life Building, MONTREAL Published by Tbe B. O. Record, Ld. Printed by the "Colonist," Victoria, Canada. This Month ^The Country of th|f|keena. (ILLUSTRATED). spmcBMi ceV. 'fTACeiulj^ VOL. DC JUNE, 1902. No. 6. IHHHI Electric Motors. Blowe^i Motors. Fans. Dj/pamos. Electric Mining Apparatus. VICTORIA, B. C. LI-MZITpJI.), Electrica^^onstruct^ffi >'■'■■ and ^pplies.^^^S VANCOUVERJbJI Not an Experiment; in General Use Throughout the World. BtNew Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill ran Operated by OflE man will perform work of THREE men drilling with -bits an4 hammers. MA.DE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. I Extensively used in United States. Testimonials show this drill has in many 'instances reduced the cost ofjgiining by one half.?*"Easier to operate than to drill by b|7and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY M0NT$ and testimonials. Write i0r: catalogue H. D. CRIPPi-K, 52 Broadwa^' NE"v\g!YORK. SOLE MAlSrUFAOTUEEE. TflE GOPPER KINi,|_IMlTEp. II THE PA(|§€ COAST SMELTING & RAINING WORKS, Purchasers, Samplers arid Smelters of Gold, Silver and Coppep|||es, and Furnace Products. WORKS? *geal Bluff Landing, Cal. MINES: Fresno County, Cal. OFFICES|$rocl^er Building, San§rancisco, California; Basildon tfouse, 7 to 11 jtoorgate Street, Lond||E.C. iiiff i , ! SI WYOU AR§BUILDIN(iA HOUSE^ '■qjlr**, ^»^ei::Cari^3_^_oc-C'the Largest Assortment ;'l__i»# *n Canada of w llil AKl'TC'l Q 1" <»ak, Maple, cherry, Birch, m IN ANY FINISH OR STYLE. il/ il/ 1 I 1 il/ i*/ Tll£_M07FoB floqrwHeartjis, W I H—ll^l V_i^fBjy(rMRooMS, &<si^g^- »|i ^i|1^3^^erS>.^A^vi0^' Fire Dogs, Brass ;^^p|'j^y^>ij^iittles, &$|Nr| P A R QU ETTEFL O O R ING. House Hardware in Latest and Deist Designs. In xmifEmr. mmm WHOLESALE HARDWARE, xty VANCOUVER, B. C. DJ\Wp.a Y.-EJJ '^'^fctfc___;-C-__;-__:-__:-__; -JS-S-«_JiJ_.-J_.--a^"^' il/ i 1 i I il/ I I i 8 THE (I 0 I *iPa_j*S***_$8$___! Was^&!^ Safely;;!?^ F :;6af;desigB efcttii.s, fjrpe- d£gn- giiifcivtyill commend' ^ui^pi-- sf fye^pyKJRwe requiriijg^ • Durability, Economy and Ease of Handling f7fefibis principaliw«f_»r^pj_ste_m-po\ver glaptjt,^ t^^plet^'Stea^i^ andia^tajiley for^.eMtir^ Ou^figure$^wjJ_>$ your ?%erv|c£^mj^ff^e{Siink you i^sf^^.d'^^^-reas^ppi. *_E'eF*l* THE JENCKES MACH|MEipO. Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. 1TO KR WP| QRtI50N WERK Madgeburg-Buckau Germany. WVIINING MACHirteR^I ORE Of^JSHING: Stone Breakers of especially:SfffioYi&i TV^pnstrvi^M^;. Rollerv^Sws^-i^iiiian Mills, $sJl' Millsjftfor dry 'aJSjra^wet ^^fushing—rj^o^jc||iri^800 ar^Jtoirfei Stampa Batteries—Shqeii and Dies jot] Krupp's Special Steeft^^K Amalganrt'^yjiB^^^s^^^jjj^^i^ ,^o'sGold ArrtafMiiwtors, Settle^8_$S :^PA RATION >-^Hfe_^iJl5pp^^ "^^parators, Exhausici^S^[y(-r^Mn.c; ivC^a5(,fiers, l^i^us'i|toff.Tables, J$p£t' gers, Rota|&^piij|^5^M^^P LE AGHI N-i%LA NT^S >||©MPW|TE ^LD/^^ORE^^i^MpplJ ra^ragJpfttM bylthelWet Method t^h Stamp Batt^^MB^MSI^ijS^p^npentratMCi COAL, WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station j^.W^l^if^^ffii^^^^t^TO^rks. HGENTS: W^mMXJCO—Pablo Ber^e^^^^m^^M&^m^ioo. THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. Jr. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULOAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) ^—~ggg 4---9<5~>^_9_r~':;~_S>®~V_.s'S~>" " § SAW-MILL IVIAGHINERY. MINING AfID MILLING IVIAGHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St. Works, cor. Kearny & Francisco Sts. <g A T<T -LT-RAITCISCO O AIL. Mw feF] i"^t jc5 j_i_j_i. ■■■■■■ :t ^aj_H. I. §l__^® vt±ri_#^fcs&S~-^K-tefc The Only Dredging- Chain with Grit-Proof 1H. Articulations Elevator Dredges for Placer Mining. Link-Belt IVfachinery Co., Chicago, I s. a. MPilfllf i® OO LPJLJ MIHHBB AND MANUFACTURERS OF MINING MACHINERY. Silver Plated Copper Mining Plates FOR SAVING GOLD IN QUARTZ, PLACER AND BEACH MINING. The Oldest Established, Most Extensive and Successful Manufacturers on the Pacific Coast. Get our reduced rates. Send for circulars. Oldest plates replated, also bought. Denniston's San Francisco Plating Works, 743 Mission St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. Telephone Main 5931. E. G. DENNISTON, Proprietor. ffi Twenty-six Medals Awarded. Thirty-five 3*ears £ \ business here. THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Brunton's Patent Pocket Transit For Surface or Underground Surveys. The accompanying illustration shows an operator taking horizontal angles or courses with the Brunton Patent Pocket Transit. The instrument is just what its name implies, that is, A Pocket Transit, as it does not require a Jacob's staff or tripod, the sighting and reading being accomplished simultaneously. Nearly 1,000 in use. Case of aluminum 2^ in. by 2% in. by 1 in.; weight 8 ounces. WM. AINSWORTH <& SONS. SOLE MANUFACTURERS. Send for Catalogue B-4 giving full description. DENVER, COLO., U. S. A. ZLTOE. S-A-I-iE _3"3T B. C. ASSAY & CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B.C.; W. F. TEETZEL & CO., Nelson, B. C; C. M. FASSETT, Spokane, Wash.; JOHN TAYLOR & CO., San Francisco. Calif.; F. W. BRAUN & CO., Los Angeles, Calif. The 7/ & Chemical Supply Co., -DIEBCT IMPORTERS OF— -LIMITED, /1S5/ITERS' ™> HILL SUFPLIEJ. Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, &c.; W. Ainsworth & Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices. Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B.C. HEARN & HARRISO (Established 1857.) Manufacrurers and Importers ot Mining, Surveying, and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and ^Iterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., Montreal, Canada. THE DENVER FIR.E CLAY COMPANY 174. to 1746 CHAMPA STREET, DENVER, COLORADO. Established 1S31. Incorporated 1895. ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, nine and Hill Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Chemicals, Chemical Glassware. Prospectors' Outfits. Special Agents for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England. Largest Stock of Balances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc. Baker & Adamsons' Acids. Platinum=ware, Etc. Borax, Boneaslh, Cyanide Potassium, anese and other heavy Chemicals at Manufacturers' Prices. Headquarters or Mining and Scientific Books. Pacific Coast Agents for Wm. Aim voith _ Sods' Assay and Analytical Balance. Illustrated Catalogue on Application JOHN TAYLOR & CO., 63 First St., SAN FRANCISCO, Cal- I THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. .Leschen &Sons Rope I SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF ■-■'?.;-/; PATENT FLATTENED STRAND Geo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURER OF :do"w ob MP OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY. MINING PUMPS. Pumping Machinery of every WATER-WORKS PUMPS. £ogsible Description. SEIsriD IFOR, 0-_-.T_A.T_.OGr"Cr_e._ POWER PUMPS. ; JEFFpEY flf ELEWVTINGMACHINERI FOR MILLS, FACTORlESj;MWEe:P^TS^; Designed for Handling MaterialioT^all kirCqsJ, the iir?mMfdi&^m^^m Bullock Diamond Drills Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - A Gold Medal. M. C. BULLOCK MFG. CO., CHICAGO. ill I m .i>y ■d THE MINING RECORD. lit HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd., ENGINEERS, j Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick; Riffles, Grizzlies, etc Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, etc. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, VANCOUVER, B. C. The Hallidie Ropeway ,mpT,lc56!?LLEY FOB TRANSPORTING ORE, FUEL, EARTH, SUCAB.CANE, ETC , BY WIRE ROPE. Simple, Economical, Practical, -A\- Loads Mechanically, Dumps Durable. Automatically. y WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CARLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. KU&~ Estimates furnished. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal. Eastern Agents, MACOMBEE & WHYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. Canton Steel Co. Works : CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse: DENVER, Colorado, STEEL For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequal led for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL The Dominion Wire Rope Co., 7VT.ONTRE75L-, CHNHDH, MANUFACTURERS OF All Classes and Kinds of Wire Ropes for all Purposes. Ltd. "Lang's'' Patent Wire Ropes for Colliery and General Mining Purposes RosskndtTc:_HaUfaX' N" S>; St J°hn' N'B-; :°ttawa' Tor0nt0> Rat Portage' 0nt-' Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B.C., Nelson and I THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. Direct Current Machinery For IV|ining and Milling Work. Northern Spherical Motor, Inclosed Type. Northern Motors Are compact and symmetrical in design and can be belted, geared or direct connected to the driven machine. They are suited for work in many places where it would be difficult, if not impossible, to operate other motors. Send for Illustrated Catalogue No. 426. Northern Electrical Manufacturing Company, Madison, Wis., U. S. A. I Hendrie & Bolthoff MT g and Supply Co'y, District Sales Managers, DENVER, COL. 1 a II THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. The SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam., Power arid Electrical PU M PS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water-wheels, Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address The STILWELL - BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., Leh2m9a! st., dayton. ohio, u.s.a. New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET. PLATINUM REFINERS BHKER St CO. WE are always in the market for : : : CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. NEWARK, N. J. Joshua Hendy Machine Works fins. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, Sr\N FRANCISCO, GAL. -MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN- Hydraulic and Quartz fining and filling Machinery, -COMPRISING- HYDRAULIC GIANTS, WATER GATES, SHEET IRON and STEEL PIPE, STAMP MILLS, ORE CRUSHERS, ORE FEEDERS, CONCENTRATORS, SMELTERS, HOISTING and PUMPING PLANTS, SAW MILLS, MINE and MILL SUPPLIES, &C, dC. HOISTING ENGINE. Catalogues and Prices Furnished upon application. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. (I3SrCO-=-_=0_=----.'-C,-_--D 1881J Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc. •:• •."♦ •:• HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. Q* BRANCH OFFICE : iZICTORIK. LOCAL OFFICES : VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD. WORKS : GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager, Rubber Be/ting, Packing and Hose^ 'CRACK PROOF" AND "SNAG PROOF. PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING. @— 573, 675, 577 & 579 Market St, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. G^IIW)—© 73 & 76 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. liiiitVim™ 0_)o(0 0)0(0 0)0(0 Wo<0 0)o(0 0)0(0 o)°(o yAv ff)o(o GanaMan General lEiectrtc Co., Ximitec-. 75n)P »o® OoW o)o(p 0)o(a 0)0(0 Q>ora 0)0(0 0)0(0 CAPITAL $1,500,000 Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N. S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC HINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Tans, - Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Tiftg Miles BY OUR- C. G. E. —»<— S. K. C. Three Phase, Two Phase. Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers in Canada for Them. Write Us. Transmission Systems. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: ROSSLAND and VANCOUVER, IrWJWWWWftr^^ 1 li THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers of •: The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited. MONTREAL, P. Q. INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete fline Equipment of All Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. 1 , 1 , Catalogue and Details on Application to / M A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. JWlg We also manuiacture the NORTHEY GAS AND GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is graining" favor all over Canada, where any one of these characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. Mine Superintendents and Engineers will find it to their interest to refer to us when I in need of anything in the Pump line. We manufacture Pumping Machinery of all. types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. Cunliffe & rVJdVJillan, Agents at Rossland. Vancouver Engineering Works, Agents at Vancouver. Hi 962 Bag st. subway 4 The Brackman & Ker milling Co., ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated J Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with ^ the Best Quality of J i rA - Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. - \ Victoria. Nelson. Vancouver. Rossland. New Westminster. Strathcona. B.*K. rolledE OATS. (Registered.) r Unequalled in the World. \ See those wires—how they interlock ? Note the smooth surface also? TSE ^-A.TE-JSTT No displacement of wires in any event. Gives much greater service than other cables, and adds correspondingly to the life of the rolling stock. Used only on the patent Locked-Coil Track Gable BLEICHERT WIRE-ROPE TRAMWAY, Superior to all other systems. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Company, Trenton, N. J. Manufacturers, Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire-Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist-Conveyc burtace and Underground Haulage, Transmission of Power, etc. Illustrated book upon application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co., 17 Burling Slip. Chicago Office—1114. Monadnock Building- The Mining Record. VOL. IX. JUNE, 1902. NO. 6. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Mining Interests of The Pa cific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. HORTIHER LAflB, managing Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office: Bank of Montreal Chambers. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E.C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERns : Canada and the United States, one year - - $2.00 Great Britain and Foreign, one year - - - 2.50 Advertising Rates on Application. Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. C. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. O. POSITION OF THE LE ROI MINE. IT must be candidly confessed that the British investor has not received much encouragement to induce him to continue to put money into British Columbian mines, and it is certainly not to be wondered at that he is not inclined at the present time to consider favourably any new scheme, however promising it may appear in itself, having to do with a country with whose le so many failures and mishaps are associated. nam* Many of these failures, in fact quite the larger proportion, have not been the fault of the country, but it would not be honest to say that every mining fiasco has been the result of bad or extravagant management, or to claim that only the " wild-cats " had turned out disastrously. During the last few weeks some very unwelcome and unfavourable intelligence has been made public concerning the position of two more British-controlled undertakings, Le Roi and Hall Mines, and as these mines have been, perhaps, more largely advertised than any others in the country the recent unsatisfactory developments is likely to create the worst possible impression on the London market. According to Mr. Mackenzie, manager of the Le Roi mine, the grade of ore shipped in March, the average gross value of which was only $9-9y, does not admit of profitable extraction under present conditions of high smelting costs and of low metal prices. The future policy of the directors, in view of this report, has not yet been decided upon, pending the arrival of a letter from Mr. Mackenzie more fully explaining the position, but it is quite clear that for the meantime at least the output will be largely restricted, if as, in fact, the manager has advised, operations at the smelter are not entirely suspended until a reduction in freight and treatment costs are obtainable. The present expenses incurred for transport, smelting and marketing Le Roi ores aggregate six- dollars per ton, which is certainly excessive. Of these charges upwards of sixty cents per ton represents the cost of haulage from the mine to the smelter — about twice as much as it should be ; while smelting costs are in the neighbourhood of five dollars per ton. The high cost of smelting is explained on the grounds that the works cannot purchase fuel at a lesser rate than eleven dollars a ton, while the best coke from the Crow's Nest collieries is delivered to smelters in the Boundary district at half that price. As the consumption of a quarter of a ton of coke is required in the smelting of one ton of Le Roi ore, it will be readily understood that the price of fuel is a very considerable item in connection with smelting costs amounting as it does to something like $2.75 out of a total charge of under $5.00 per ton. With the completion of the branch line placing the Crow's Nest coal areas in touch with the large American railway systems, coke from the East Kootenay collieries will undoubtedly be supplied to the Northport smelter at a very much cheaper rate than at present, but in view of the heavy indebtedness of the Le Roi company to the Bank of Montreal, the outlook for the shareholders is at best a gloomy one and a long period must necessarily elapse before the mine can be placed on a dividend-earning footing. The only satisfactory features in the situation is that the true position of the property is now known and that the mine is in capable hands. There will at any rate be no further attempt to deceive the public, and if by economical and efficient management it is possible to rehabilitate the property Mr. Mackenzie may be depended upon to successfully accomplish the task. . The case of the Hall Mines is somewhat different. The operation of the mine has always been attended with exceptional risk, on account of the frequent breaks in the ore bodies, and the difficulty and cost of relocating them. Since the reconstruction of the company a plucky and determined effort has been made to work the property, and a few months ago the prospects of 3 190 THE MINING RECORD. B ;ili success appeared exceedingly promising, a relatively large amount of ore of better average grade having been developed and blocked out. All recent attempts, however, to locate the ore below the tenth level have been unsuccessful, and the manager has been instructed to close down the mine if after boring three more holes with the diamond drill the position of the vein is not then ascertained. It is yet too early to abandon hope of the success of this final effort, but surely the experience of the Hall Mines must demonstrate the doubtful advantage of employing diamond drills in mine development, particularly in cases where there is much evidence of geological disturbance. The Hall Mines has expended a very large sum of money to no purpose in this manner, and even when ore bodies have been discovered the cost of reaching them has been increased to the extent of probably three dollars per foot. When the lead is cut off in a mine-working there is nearly always some indications which, if followed, lead to its relocation in one direction or another, but these indications are of little use as a guide when a diamond drill is employed. The method at best is a blind and haphazard one, for as often as not the drill may be within a foot or two of an ore chute without anyone being the wiser. Meanwhile it must be remembered that mining, like every other commercial enterprise carries with it certain risks, and if the Le Roi and Hall Mines have failed to realise the high expectations entertained concerning them, there are many mines in British Columbia which are making a satisfactory showing. We have but commenced to develop the mineral resources of the country and occasional set-backs and reverses should only act as a spurto further effort. MINING IN THE YUKON. IN a well-considered article, in the Engineering and Mining Journal, (New York), Mr. Walter C. Men- dershell discusses the future prospects of mining in the Yukon, and arrives at the conclusion that while the maximum of production is probably past, a rapid falling off within a few years to an unimportant output is not to be expected, but rather that the territory will yield well for some years to come, not taking into consideration possible new discoveries or the inauguration of a quartz mining industry. Statistics of the gold output of the Klondike show an increase from $2,500,000 in tbe year of discovery, 1897, to $16,000,000 in 1899. In 1900 the same amount was taken from the creeks as during the previous year, but 1901 showed some falling off from these figures, the production being about $14,- 500,000, and predictions have been fairly made that the district will quickly decline to an unimportant place as a producer, unless quartz properties of value are developed. All placer gold districts pass with greater or less rapidity through three phases : A preliminary feverish stage of unsystematic and costly but rather high production, in which'operations are confined to the richer properties ; a second stage with more systematic working or reworking of the partially exhausted banner properties and of development of producing areas which were not sufficiently rich for exploitation during the first stage, and finally into a third, that of gradual decline. The rich region to the back of Dawson is in the period of transition from the first to the second of these stages of development. According to Mr. Mendershell a number of the best creek and bench claims are already worked out so far as profitable manipulation under present methods is concerned, and the majority of the others are rapidly approaching exhaustion. The camp has passed with unusual rapidity through this first most highly productive period because of the small size of the claims under Canadian law and the consequent large number of original holders and operators, each of whom could quickly cover his 500-foot claim. The great richness of many of the Bonanza and Eldorado properties, too, by making it possible to work at a profit no matter how great the lack of method, has encouraged the operations of the original staker and prevented his immediate sale to larger, more careful and more deliberate interests. It is this early unsystematic period of feverish operations on small holdings, which is now giving place to another of bigger holdings and more businesslike management. A few weeks since the sale was recorded of a number of Gold Hill claims to one company, which will no doubt win large profits by reworking the famous bench upon which operations under present conditions have practically ceased. The Treadgold concession, which created such excitement in Dawson this winter, and by whose terms a syndicate with large capital was to have been granted all lapsed claims within the basin drained by Bonanza, Eldorado, Hunker, Bear, Gold Bottom and Last Chance creeks, in return for bringing to the district a sufficient water supply, is another one of the signs of the times pointing toward the passing of the small individual holder, and the incoming of the large capitalist. These new conditions alone could not keep production near the maximum of 1899 and 1900, but there are others which tend to counteract the shrinkage. Among- them may be mentioned the steady improvement in transportation facilities between Dawson and the outside world, and particularly between Dawson and the various mining centres, which have advanced steadily since the discovery in 1897, through the stages of pack trail, private road, government road and government bridges, until now a railroad is projected. These improvements bringing about cheaper living*and cheaper labour, increase the output by bringing within the zone of production many properties, whose richness, although high was below the standard necessary for successful operation under earlier conditions. SOME MINING INVESTORS. A CORRESPONDENT calls our attention to an interesting article which appeared in a recent issue of the Australian Mining Standard entitled " Some THE MINING RECORD. 191 Mining Investors." There are, it is pointed out, many classes of mining investors, each having its gradations and by reason of this the extremes are, comparatively speaking, wide as the poles asunder, but by glancing at the two ends and the middle, it is possible to indicate more accurately their range. At the one point is the man who, under a reasonable conviction, based upon the fullest information it is possible to obtain that a certain mine or prospect will give good returns for money in sufficient amount, judiciously devoted to its development, joins with others to furnish the capital, stands to the enterprise and is content to wait for its fruition in due season. This man represents the mining investor properly so-called, and he is of the class which has raised mining from the position of a speculative venture to that of a sound industrial undertaking. Such men as-he are of prime Value to a community, because in seeking their own profit they greatly benefit the country in which they carry on operations. At the opposite pole stands the mining investor improperly so- called—the mere market juggler in scrip—the man to whom the sale of shares is everything and the prospects of the mine only relatively important ; the man to whom the very existence of the mine is a matter of indifference, except to use as a peg on which to hang his schemes. It was a " mining investor " of this type who recently offered a promising mine in British Columbia replied, " Yes, the mine seems to be good enough, but your report is too conservative. I buy reports, not mines." To this class our contemporary shows belong the wild-cat promoters, the bogus company mongers, the pavement parasites, and the other practitioners who make it their business to pick the pockets of the public without running the risks accepted by their less adroit fellows. These men are the cankers of the mining industry, and their association with it is its greatest curse. Midway between these extremes stands the small timid investor, in haste to grow rich, who expects large profits and quick returns j who is impatient of delay ; and -who apparently thinks that a mining investment should be an automatic arrangement by which, if you put a nickel in the slot a twenty-five per cent, dividend will straightway fall upon the platform. To legitimate mining in British Columbia the small investor has worked much injury. Although he would, in all probability, declare that it was the other way about, ^and that his misplaced confidence in the worth of British Columbia mines was the caQse of his disappointment and losses. That, however, is not the case, for in nine cases out of ten he had no reason in the first place for reposing confidence in the property or properties in which he invested, for confidence or belief in the value of a mine can only be engendered by actual knowledge, and the small investors information has been as a rule derived from no more reliable sources than irresponsible newspaper gossip, or brokers' circulars. In the share "boom" of two or three years ago, the small investor bit at every bait held out to him, and he suffered accordingly ; but instead of taking his losses quietly and blaming his own folly and lack of discrimi nation for them, he loudly proclaims to the world his grievances and condemns the mines of British Columbia as valueless. At the first beginning of a mining industry in a new country men of this class exert a • harmful influence by rendering it more difficult to secure capital for legitimate enterprises, but as the number of profit-earning undertakings increase, wild-catting and injudicious speculation while it may and does continue, is viewed from a proper perspective and ceases to have the same interest in the same way. It is safe to say that the fraudulent promoter in London, and the wildcatter in Canada and the States—though these last are ih a minority — have now done all the harm that it is possible to do to British Columbia mining. At the present time no one in his senses would attempt to interest British capital in no matter how good a mine in this country, while the attitude of Eastern Canada to British Columbia is not much more than friendly. Our only market for mining property is the United States, and it is a gratifying circumstance, that a great deal of American capital has recently found its way into British Columbia, and is being invested by men who, in nearly every instance, have made ,1a rge fortunes by applying their energies to make their profits out of the ground and not taken them from the pockets of a gullible public. When the Province assumes the important position she is destined to occupy as a mineral-producing country, it will be the American investor and operator to whom chief thanks will be due. EVIDENCES OF RECENT PROGRESS. THE Mining Statistics contained in the 1901 Report ■ of the Minister of Mines, advance sheets ot which have been kindly placed at our disposal, very convincingly instance the great progress made by the industry in British Columbia last year. The increase in aggregate values of metal production amounted to 23 per cent, over 1900. This percentage, though most gratifying, would have been still higher but for unfavourable weather conditions which militated against a successful placer mining effort and resulted in a falling off of 27 4-5 per cent, in gold recovered from this source ; while the closing of the American markets to British Columbia lead ores had also a depressing influence upon this branch of industry, which shows a decrease of 25^ per cent. An enormous increase of 175 per cent., however, is shown in copper production, the value of which in 1900 was $1,615,289, and in 1901, $4,446,963. More than one-half of the copper mined in 1901 was produced in the Boundary District, but Rossland also contributed largely to the total output, the value of the copper yield from the mines of that district being over a million dollars greater than during 1900. A large gain in copper production from Coast mines is likewise to be noted. These three districts are responsible for the increase of 25 per cent, in the lode gold returns. The silver production, — this metal heretofore having been mined for I n 192 THE MINING RECORD. chiefly in conjunction with lead, as contained in the " wet " galena ores of the Slocan,—instead of decreasing should show an increase of 25 per cent., is due to the development of the dry-ore belt of Slocan City Division and to a quite remarkable increase in silver values in proportion to tonnage from the Rossland ores. In fact, the returns from Rossland, it may be remarked, in passing, are somewhat astonishing, having regard to recent less favourable reports of the grade of ore now being mined in that district. In 1900, 217,636 tons of ore were treated by the smelters, and in 1901, 283,360 tons. For the two years the proportion ot gold to the ton remains practically unchanged, but while in 1900 the returns show that the ore carried about three-quarters of an ounce of silver to the ton, the 1901 figures raise the proportion to over three ounces ; and in the same manner the value of the copper contents have increased from $1.50 to $4.75 per ton. It would be interesting if these somewhat striking discrepancies were accounted for. The inconsiderable increase of only i^£ per cent, in coal production may be explained by the keen competition to which colliery owners on the Coast were subjected by the successful introduction of mineral oil as a substitue for fuel in California, which in the past has been the chief market for the British Columbia product. The increased production, however, from the East Kootenay collieries, for whose coal a large demand has been created both in Interior British Columbia and the neighbouring States, helped to maintain the 1901 output at a little over the average yield of recent years, while a 49 per cent, increase in coke output is noted as a result of larger activity at Fernie. For the first time in the Annual Reports issued by the Department, the iron ore output is specially referred to, instead of being considered and included under the head of miscellaneous mineral production, such as building stone, brick and " other metals," and the small beginnings of an iron industry is recovered in a footnote stating that iron ore to the value of $17,288 was mined in 1901. Among other indications of last year's progress the report mentions that tonnage increased 66 per cent, the value of the metalliferous output was 36 per cent, greater, and forty-one mines were added to the list of productive properties. PREACHER AND PROMOTER. /~\F new mining districts in British Columbia which ^■^ have lately come into prominence the Lardeau and the Similkameen rank highest in point of importance and popular esteem. It is but natural, therefore, that among the many new enterprises to be started in these promising localities some should be "wild-cats "; for the wild-catter being no fool makes a point of studying the inclinations and idiosyncrasies of his public ; and so directly any one particular mining field begins to " boom " it is there that he sees an opportunity to suc cessfully operate. We have already referred to more than one wild-cat scheme promoted recently in the Similkameen. But without accusing the " Rev." Chas.W. McCrossan, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, of following the same practice in the Lardeau, we can nevertheless confidently assert that his methods, like those of the Heathen Chinee, are unquestionably and undeniably, peculiar. In the first place it is out of the ordinary, though we will not say inexcusably so, for a preacher to take to a business to which his special training should by rights not fit him at all ; but the Rev. Mr. McCrossan very possibly has taught that true charity begins at home, and in accordance with that most excellent and convenient theory, he is making very admirable use of his opportunities. The reverend gentlemen is responsible for five promotions. These are the Golden Link Mining Co., the Golden Circle Mining Co., the Sicamous Gold & Copper Mining Co., the Metropolitan Gold & Silver Mining Co., and the Lardeau Smelting & Refining Co. The capital of these concerns is in each case, except one, a million dollars. The exception is capitalised at two millions. Not having 'heard of these wonderful properties before, and there being no mention of any of them, except the Metropolitan, in the Reports of the Minister of Mines, we applied to mining engineers resident in the district for information. Unfortunately these gentlemen prove to be as ignorant as ourselves, and all we can learn from what have hitherto proved well-informed local sources, is that the ore on the Metropolitan claim occurs in small stringers. Now, a two-inch vein,—and one of the Metropolitan stringers is, we understand, as wide as this,— must carry very high-grade ore to admit of profitable mining and although a few tons of ore were actually taken out last year, a correspondent informs us, and we can quite easily believe him, that the operation was conducted at a considerable loss. It was probably on account of this that the enterprising Mr. McCrossan purchased a small 30-ton " Vulcan " furnace, the efficiency of which has not, however, yet been demonstrated, and floated on the strength of it another million-dollar company. This, so far as it went, wasa capital stroke of business, as it is not unlikely that the plant cost as much as ten thousand dollars. The shares in this undertaking were offered to the public at par. The " smelter," by-the- way, was to have been blown in in January last, but the interesting event was most regretably postponed, as by an oversight the search for fluxes was not begun until after the smelter had been set up, and it was then ascertained seemingly somewhat late in the day, that there was no limestone within several miles of the works. Quite recently Mr. McCrossan acquired for the Metropolitan Company another property, the Triune, which really is of some determined value, and in capable hands would doubtless develop into an important mine, but—well, as we said before, the Rev. C. W. McCrossan's methods are peculiar. Nearly all the shareholders in Mr. McCrossan's million dollar companies reside in the east, and they own THE MINING RECORD. 193 shares by virtue of exhortation. The agents for the sale of stock are, like Mr. McCrossan, preachers— worthy men who at the solicitation of their principal have actually visited the mines and so are well qualified and equipped to extol them "to the skies." Each preacher has his little flock, and the arrangement seems to have worked very well. It is quite extraordinary, too, how the shares have appreciated in value, but so far as we can ascertain, the shareholders have to thank Mr. McCrossan's benevolence for this ; for as he holds controlling interests, one can well imagine the elevating pleasure he finds in exerting the power thus at his command of bringing joy to many a humble home by the simple process of merely announcing that the shares of such or such a one of his companies have been advanced. Although the space at our disposal js limited, we cannot refrain from adding to this short and necessarily imperfect notice a few remarks concerning another instance of Mr. McCrossan's genius and enterprise. It appears that in his capacity of secretary and treasurer he was very much pestered by shareholders and others who wrote seeking information. Mr. McCrossan after doubtless deep and anxious cogitation as how best to deal with these numerous enquiries, hit on the brilliant plan of publishing a newspaper, and in due course The British Columbia Monthly Mining Bulletin, (four pages, price 25 cents per annum), made its appearance. As a journalistic achievement, the Bulletin is distinctly unique in that it is a sort of cross between a bucket-shop rag and the War Cry. The first object of the editor, the Rev. Chas. W. McCrossan, is to advertise, or rather boom, by the employment of the grossest exaggeration, the companies promoted by the Rev. Chas. W. McCrossan ; the next to advertise a book entitled " Love and Life" written by the Rev. Chas. W. McCrossan, of whose work " the world-famed evangelist, Rev. E. P. Hammond says : Any minister, in this production, could find material for a dozen sermons. Skepticism is dealt _with lovingly, yet masterfully"; finally and incidentally the Bulletin is used as a medium to advertise Heaven. Meanwhile as many people in British Columbia do not believe in the Rev. Chas. W. McCrossan, nor in his Lardeau mining schemes, he should have here a fine field in which to exercise his ability as already described of dealing with sceptics. vince would not justify the large expenditure which this would involve at the moment, but the company is prepared to go ahead on the lines outlined as soon as such a course is justifiable. Meanwhile plans are being prepared and the necessary preparations being made for the erection of a steel plant, and the actual work will be inaugurated at no distant date. This season no work* will be done on the property except the necessary assessment work on properties bonded. It is understood that the company is fully satisfied with the merits of the property, and intend to establish steel works in due course, but the only question is as to whether the conditions are favourable for launching so large and so costly an enterprise at the present moment. During Mr. Blakemore's absence in the east the ore was submitted to the most trying tests by the best experts in analysis, and these proved that his opinion as to the value of the property is correct. It appears to us that the public has been misled by the promoters of the Similkameen Valley Coal Co., Ltd. The object of this concern, everyone supposed, was the exploitation of coal areas in the Similkameen valley. From a recently issued report of the managing director it would certainly seem that the coal mining is merely a secondary consideration — a sort of side issue, and that the company is really devoting its chief energies towards the production of " gas." We are of course aware that gas is manufactured from coal, but here evidently the order is to be reversed. The company meanwhile is to be congratulated on its recent output—of gas, not coal or "even lignite"; but the colossal assurance of the managing director in publishing broadcast through the country such a report as that in which he unblushingly. states that out of some twenty-eight thousand dollars of working capital subscribed by the public, over seven thousand or about a quarter of the whole amount has been squandered in newspaper advertising, is beyond all admiration. An undertaking with a managing director so well disposed towards the press deserves to succeed, but whether it will is another matter. Hi Mr. W. Blakemore, who has just returned to the west from Montreal, was interviewed the other day by the Nelson Daily News, on the subject of the Kitchener iron mines. These properties, it will be remembered, were acquired last year by an eastern syndicate and the claims sufficiently developed to determine their value. They have now been crown-granted, but according to Mr. Blakemore there is nothing more to be done until the time is ripe for the establishment of steel works and the development of the mines. The state of the market and the general condition of affairs in the Pro- Steps are now being taken towards the organization of local sections or branches of the Canadian Mining Institute in each of the prominent mining districts of Canada, and for this purpose a meeting is shortly to be held in Kingston, Ontario, to form an Eastern Ontario section, while in June meetings will be held at Sherbrooke, Quebec, to organise an Eastern Township section, and also at Sydney, Cape Breton, to arrange for a branch representing the province of Nova Scotia. Later on in the year it is proposed to organise one or two branches in British Columbia, one with headquarters at Nelson and another at the Coast. The project is that these local branches shall embody the best elements in '.ii' 194 THE MINING RECORD. I the profession and industry of mining in respective localities, and that they shall independently of the institute, hold meetings and read papers as frequently as they like, and be in a position to take prompt and effective measures on any matter affecting the welfare or interests of the mining community. It is not likely that steps will be taken to organise in British Columbia until after the summer season, as it would be hardly possible to get together a representative gathering of mine managers and engineers until September at the earliest. The institute has now an active membership of close upon four hundred, and is doing most excellent work in the interests of the industry. more at ^2,600. The directors also point out that the competiton of fuel oil is assuming a more serious aspect. The shocking disaster at the Crow's Nest colliery on May 22nd last, whereby nearly a hundred and fifty miners lost their lives, has cast a gloom over the whole community. The cause of this distressing accident has not, as we. go to press, been fully ascertained, but it is believed the explosion resulted from the ignition of coal dust brought about by faulty tamping. Another explanation, however, is that the fans at the mouth of the tunnel refused to. work, and fire-damp thus accumulated in the workings. But this particular spot has always been considered dangerous, and only recently a number of miners from Nanaimo declined to work there on that account. Fire-damp is more than usually prevalent at Coal creek and it is a very difficult task to maintain a supply of pure air. Only the day before the accident the Government Inspector had visited the Crow's Nest mines and pronounced the workings safe, hence it would seem that the company cannot be held in any way to blame for the sad occurrence. The directors have meanwhile voluntarily come forward in a very creditable manner, and have promised to provide permanently for the bereaved families of the men killed or injured in the explosion, and already relief funds have been liberally subscribed to throughout the country. The New Vancouver Coal Co. declared last month a further dividend of 3 per cent., making with the interim dividend paid in October last, a total distribution of 6 per cent, for the year 1901. Dividends at the same rate were paid during each of the two previous years. Meanwhile in a report to shareholders it is stated that during the half year ended December 31 last, the net output was 229,917 tons, making a total for the year 1901 of 494,488 tons, against 501,474 tons for the year 1900. The sales for the six months were 233,033, bringing the total disposed of during the year up to 509,603 tons, against 496,926 tons for the year 1900. The sum available for dividend is ^6,888. The debenture capital remains at ^22,850, and the reserve fund is unchanged ^45,459, as is also the land sales reserve fund account at ^22,272, but the insurance fund account is £100 Mr. R. W. Northey, manager of the Keremeos Copper Mines, writes to the Rossland Miner protesting against the article we published last month on the subject of the " Ollala Copper Co." Mr. Northey expresses the opinion that the criticisms of the Mining Record were neither fair nor just, but he fails to indicate wherein the unfairness or injustice lays. He, however, asserts that " the Olalla Copper Company is no fake company" as it owns "some magnificent copper propositions " and intends to erect smelters at suitable points in the vicinity. Mr. Northey admits that he is not personally acquainted with " any of the gentlemen forming the Olalla Company," and yet he vouches for their benevolent intentions. In that case then he could not do better than take advantage of the company's " generous offer," for what is faith without works ? Notwithstanding that business in the interior is still considered to be in a very depressed condition, it is satisfactory to note that during the past few weeks an unusually large number of mining deals have been made in the Kootenay districts. The Lardeau, Ymir and Similkameen divisions appear to be receiving the larger share of attention from the investor at the present time, but in other sections also a considerable amount of capital has-lately been invested in the acquisition of promising mineral property. On the Coast, too, enquiry for copper properties continues, and American capital is being heavily invested in East Coast mining. THE FUEL SUPPLY QUESTION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. By W. M. Brewer, M. A., I. M. E., Etc. AS the smelting industry in British Columbia grows, the question of fuel supply will occupy a very prominent position for the consideration of all engaged in this branch of industrial enterprise. The visible fuel supply to-day in the Province is confined to the East Coast of Vancouver Island and the Crow's Nest Pass, but probable sources of fuel supply which can be drawn on in the future as development progresses include the Similkameen, the Tulameen or Otter Flat, the Nicola Valley, North Fork of Kettle River, Fairview and Queen Charlotte Islands, and West Coast of Vancouver Island coal fields, besides a limited area near the International boundary which may be designated as the Abbotsford. This area of probable productive fields would appear at first glance to be sufficiently extensive to warrant the assertion that any uneasiness whatever, with regard to the future fuel supply for the Province, was uncalled for. , But when the subject is more carefully considered in THE MINING RECORD. 195 a matter-of-fact manner, what do we find ? That none of these possibly productive areas are sufficiently developed, or in fact prospected, to be taken into consideration to-day in discussing the fuel problem. In fact none of these fields have yet been afforded transportation facilities. In order to make a coal field productive transportation facilities must be furnished of such a character that the lowest possible freight rates can be secured. In order to open a colliery of sufficient capacity to be operated in competition with those already developed in the Province vast expenditures of capital must be made first for thoroughly prospecting a field, and next for mining plants of sufficiently large capacity to compete with those already established. Comparatively few of the residents of the Province fully realize the extent of the operations at present being carried on on Vancouver Island and at the Crow's Nest Pass. The statistics showing an output of about a million and a half tons of coal during the year hardly convey an adequate idea of what is necessary in the shape of invested capital, labour and transportation facilities, to produce such a result. It will probably be news to many of the readers of the Mining Record to learn that on Vancouver Island alone upwards of two thousand employees are engaged in the coal mines, and in the Crow's Nest Pass at the present time there are upwards of one thousand. I The combined capital invested in mining plants as they stand to-day represent figures which run into millions, and which were it not for the very large export trade, which is enjoyed by all the operating collieries would be very largely in excess of the present requirements of the Province, because when the home demand is considered it represents merely a fraction of the present output. So far as Vancouver Island is concerned the erection of new smelters will in the near future cause the home demand to be very largely increased. The same argument would also apply to Southern British Columbia, but these demands will hardly increase to such an extent for some time to come to tax the capacity of the operating colleries and coking plants. So far as th& export trade is concerned the strong possibilities are that because of the introduction of oil fuel in California this trade will fall off in the future, while the trade from Montana and neighbouring interior States directly tributary to the Crow's Nest Pass promises to increase and develop with phenomenal strides. Such being the fact the question naturally arises, whether under existing circumstances the management of the Crow's Nest Coal Co. will consider favourably an increased demand in British Columbia for. fuel when their export trade taxes the producing capacity of their mining plants. The home demand from the Boundary country is increasing daily, the Grand Forks smelter has been enlarged to an increased capacity of treating 1500 tons of ore per diem, or double its former capacity. The Greenwood smelter has been increased to a capacity of treating 800 tons per diem, or to double its former size. The Montreal or Boston Co. has purchased the Boundary Falls smelter and will shortly be treating 400 tons per diem. The Trail smelter has been enlarged as well as the Nelson. Besides this, there is the fact to be taken into consideration that the mines which have been producing low-grade ore will undoubtedly increase in number because it has been demonstrated that the decline in copper prices, although very seriously affecting the profits, was not sufficient to close these mines down as was anticipated, consequently the owners of many properties who have been hesitating as to whether it was desirable to operate need do so no longer. There is no question but that the visible coal supply in the Crow's Nest Pass, from the workable seams known to exist, is practicably inexhaustible, but all the available points for opening mines on an economical basis are controlled by the present Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., except one, and even to equip and open a mine at that point would involve a much larger expenditure of capital than has been required for those already opened. Aside from this point there is absolutely none other in the field west of the summit of the Rockies where any conservative coal operator would make an attempt to equip a colliery in the expectation of competing with the present company. Such an attempt would mean, first an expensive outlay for diamond-drill boring to locate the seam, because the coal measures dip to the east at angles from 12 to 15 degrees in the mines already opened, consequently to start a new mine it would be necessary to locate east of the present ones, and beyond the boundary of the holdings of the Crow's Nest PasS Co. In addition to this would be the difficulty of building branch lines of railway to connect with the main line for transportation purposes. This subject cannot be fully discussed in one article, but in the foregoing the writer has briefly attempted to ontline the present conditions surrounding the fuel problem in British Columbia and afford food for thought as to what may be looked for in the future. B. C. IN LONDON. HEAVY FALL IN LE ROIS IN LONDON THE SHARES WITHIN A FRACTION OF £2—YMIR REPORT AND MEETING —CANADIAN EXHIBITS TRANSFERRED FROM LONDON TO NORTHAMPTON. (From Our Own Correspondent.) UNDOUBTEDLY the most important development in connection with the British Columbian market in London since my last report is the sensational slump in the shares of the Le Roi, which, on the very alarming news cabled "from Rossland, fell to within a small fraction of £2, a quotation never reached even in the black days which followed the collapse of the London & Globe group. The following is the official circular which brought about this bad break : " In consideration of the fact that 24 528 tons of ore mined during the month of March were estimated to yield a profit of only $9.959, the directors cabled lo Mr. Mackenzie asking whether it would not be politic to conserve the ore reserves pending a reduction of working expenses, and his reply (dated 27th April) has been received to-day 28th April :— " Mr. Mackenzie says that with copper and silver at present prices, and fuel and freight at present prices, the March grade of ore leaves no profit, and he has already begun to sort the ore more closely, making April grade up to $10.50 per ton. He also reports that he is experiencing difficulty with smelting operations, and has reason to believe a considerable percentage of the copper contents are not being recovered. He is, therefore, going to clean up at the smelter to ascertain to what extent this is so. If the clean up shows losses which the difference between assay values and recovery indicate, Mr. Mackenzie strongly advises treating the ore on hand at the smelter, and then to shut down smelting works entirely until we can obtain satisftctory freight and fuet rates, and prices have risen for metals, to push ahead with developments in the lower levels, work being done by contract, and reduce expenses to the lowest possible point. " Mr. Mackenzie further informs us that he has written fully on this subject, and advises delaying action pending the receipt of his letter and the result of the clean up at the smelter." You will of course understand that this was a very bad blow to the British Columbia market, and quite i! 'If |] f: 196 THE MINING RECORD. justified the heavy fall in the shares of the concern which has always been regarded as the premier B. C. mining company. For a very long time unpleasant statements have been in circulation as to the actual position of affairs in connection with the LeRoi, but there has of late been a subsidence of these disturbing rumours and the shares picked up a little, being in part favourably affected by the sharp recovery in Le Roi No. 2 on its satisfactory showing, and also in part by the hope that with the change in the control of the property there would be a corresponding change in the fortunes of the property. But unfortunately events have not justified those who advanced these views, and it now appears that the cables sent to the London Financier sometime ago, — and which were freely criticised and discredited at the time—were only too well founded. In the circumstances you can well understand the bitter disappointment which has been caused to those who had all along hoped that whatever might happen in the case of less reputable companies, the Le Roi could be relied upon to substantiate the claims which had been put forward on its behalf, both by London and Canadian mining authorities. As it may interest many of your readers to read the price history of the shares of this company since it was floated on the London market, I append same :— 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. Highest 53-4 91-16 87-8 95-8 41-2 Lowest SS16 3 3-4 41-4 4 21-8 You will see from the above that the trend of quotations has on balance been steadily downward ever since the Whitaker Wright crowd obtained control of the mine. Your opinion upon this unfortunate concern and its prospects would be welcomed by all who are unfortunate enough to be included in its proprietary. The proposals put forward for amalgamating the Rossland Great Western and Kootenay -Mining Companies, and effecting a drastic reduction in the capital accounts of the two concerns were approved at meetings of the shareholders of the two companies held to consider the scheme put forward, although by no means unanimously. And it is hardly surprising if there should be objection to such proposals, seeing that they practically cancel by a stroke of .the pen a sum of about ^800,000, the nominal capital of the new concern being fixed at ^150,000. This will make available for the purposes of the new company working capital represented by cash in hand, book debts and unpaid calls of ^35,000. The following is a statement showing the position of the respective companies as fixed by the committee who are responsible for the amalgamation scheme :— Assets. Property. Kootenay Mining Co £32,800 .£15,200 Rossland Great Western 25,300 74,700 Another feature has been the somewhat sharp fluctuations of late in the shares of the Ymir Company. A little while ago the price went well over £2. There was then a somewhat mysterious fall to about £i}4, with a subsequent recovery to about £2, on its being rumoured that there was nothing to justify the decline. There has since, however, been a reaction to about £1% again, and the report of the company recently issued was awaited with much interest. This document which deals very fully with the operations of the company for the year ended 31st December, 1901, shows that after charging against revenue ^2,345 for development, and writing off ^3,578 for depreciation on machinery, etc.. a net profit of ^45,242 remains. This added to the balance brought forward made the total standing to the credit of profit and loss account at ;£86,2oi. The meeting of the Ymir was held yesterday, and as you will see from the report there was nothing at all disturbing in the statements made by either the chairman or Mr. Oliver Wethered. The latter having the advantage of spending some time on the property, was able to explain the present position very clearly to the shareholders, and he spoke in the most hopeful terms of the prospects of the mine, which so far has been the only one which has steadily paid dividends to its shareholders. Of course the recent returns had caused disappointment, and this subject was referred to by both the chairman and Mr. Wethered, who also dealt fully with the cables which have been received from the manager during the last few days, indicating that only 40 stamps were running, that the water was causing difficulty, and that there was no improvement to report in the lower workings. It was pointed out by Mr. Wethered that the water difficulty was probably caused by the melting snow, and that in his opinion there was no reason whatever for apprehending any serious or permanent falling off in the returns. They had every confidence in Mr. Fowler; they had every confidence in their mine. At an extraordinary general meeting subsequently held it was decided to increase the capital by ^20,000 to the total of ^220,000, and thus enable the board to charge to capital account expenditure which has been so far drawn from revenue. By so doing the directors will be enabled to distribute the profits earned to the shareholders, instead of, as has hitherto been the case, putting back a very large proportion into the mine in the way of development, and also in the acquisition of plant, etc. The chairman made a very sympathetic reference to the loss the company had sustained by the unfortunate accident which had deprived them of the services of Mr. Robertson. The shares fell sharply yesterday and were at one. time as weak as £1, but they subsequently hardened a little and closed a trifle above the lowest point of the day, but are of course very materially under the figure °f £2?i at which they stood only a little while ago. Those having the advancement of Canada at heart are glad to know that the section devoted to the Dominion in the Colonial Exhibition which has been held in the Royal Exchange here, has attracted an enormous amount of interest in the city. Crowds have flocked to the Royal Exchange daily, and the magnificent specimens of minerals and metals have been minutely-scrutinized. It has been one of the finest advertisements Canada has ever had, and the pity of it is that a permanent home could not be found somewhere in the city for these splendid exhibits. However, arrangements had been made to transfer the Canadian section to the Wolverhampton Exhibition, opened a few days ago, and there is no doubt that it will attract quite as much attention there as it did at Glasgo'w, and more recently in London. I have heard rumours of efforts being made to eventually arrange for the housing of these valuable specimens of what Canada can produce, in the City of London, but apparently nothing definite has been decided. There was some talk about a portion of them being sent to the Imperial Institute, but it is to be hoped that wiser counsels will prevail, for it can be safely said that their value as an advertising medium will be gone if they are sent there. What is wanted is some building in the heart of the metropolis where these exhibits can be on view permanently for the benefit of all interested in Canada, either as financiers, investors' or prospective emigrants. To send them to South Kensington is to absoutely stullify their usefulness. THE MINING RECORD. 197 THE COUNTRY OF THE SKEENA. By J. Herrick McGregor, P. L. S., Etc THE Skeena (from Scheean, the river) long solely travelled by Indian canoes, was in 1866 ascended as far as Kitsumgalum, some 45 miles above tide water, by the steamer Mumford, with supplies for the great overland telegraph line, and 15 years later so good an authority as the late Dr. Dawson gave it as his opinion that this marked the limit of possible navigation. An old settler on the Skeena, however, who was oh the steamer at the time, tells me that the Mumford would have had no difficulty in reaching the Forks at Hazelton, and that her reason for turning back when she did was in order to make a trip up the Stikine with wire and provisions for Telegraph creek. , At all events the navigation of the river for about 200 miles has been successfully accomplished by the Hudson Hazelton to Port Simpson, but also beheld again a party of railroad locators working from Kitimat Arm, by way of Lakelse lake to the Skeena, and up towards the Forks under the management of Mr. J. H. Gray, who first became acquainted with the possibilities of the region on the old survey above mentioned. About the time the Kitimat company secured their charter an attempt was made by Victoria parties, on behalf of American mining capitalists to secure 30,000 acres of land as a bonus for building a waggon road through the Kitimat and Skeena valleys to Hazelton. That they failed to obtain the required assistance was perhaps unfortunate — certainly not conducive to the rapid occupation of these valleys, as the capitalists in question had planned a very interesting scheme of colonization and mineral development. However, since the ultimate destiny of the Skeena watershed rests entirely on its exploitation as a railway route, the delay in establishing settlers will count for little if the present charter holders are able either to Steamer Caledonia Ascending the Skeena. Bay Co., and the Cunninghams of Port Essington, for some twelve years past, and last season saw no less than four steamers plying on her waters at one time. About four years after the fall through of the old telegraph scheme, a considerable rush of gold seekers opened up the Omineca placer camp. Caucasian travellers were more common on the river and the vested interests of those Indian tribes who, at Kitsalus and other points, levied tribute on passing commerce, suffered a shock from which they have never recovered. Shortly after this, preliminary surveys were carried up the river with a view to making Port Simpson the western terminus of what is now the C. P. R., and if I am not in error it was rather against Mr. Sanford Fleming's recommendations that the railway was ultimately carried through the lower latitudes and down the valleys of the Thomson and Fraser. This survey, like the preliminary operations of the telegraph company, was abandoned, fell into oblivion and appeared to have been so much waste effort. It is encouraging, therefore, to note that last summer not only saw the great telegraph line in actual operation, with a branch extension from carry out construction say as far as the coal beds tributary to the Bulkley—or to make terms with the builders of that through line which alone can fully rouse to prosperity the gfreat central portion ot British Columbia. It has been known for some years that the owners of the Canadian Northern, while gradually building in sections a railway chain from Edmonton to Port Arthur, have had the ambition to expand the results of this enterprise until they should control and operate the most northerly of roads across the continent. While this progress so far has been comparatively slow, it may be taken as owing to the fact that this speed has been regulated by the rapidity with which settlers have taken advantage of the new lines, and by agricultural development and consequent traffic assisted in placing the costs of construction directly upon the wheat and cattle- raising resources of Manitoba and the Territories. Westward of the Rockies, however, the largest proportion of railway receipts must be looked for farther afield. An extension across British Columbia to the Pacific can for many years be made profitable only as a through carrier, and it is safe to assume that once the 198 THE MINING RECORD. ground is broken on our Provincial territory, all efforts will be directed toward a swift construction of the Coast section and an early appearance among the factors of trans-Pacific commerce. Since it is probable that a year from now the Canada Northern will be running its own cars from Edmonton to the Great Lakes, one may reasonably expect to see railroad building commenced in B. C, at least as early as 1904 and a consequent stir of mining, farming and business enterprise along the line of construction. What direction that line will follow is matter of opinion. There is no doubt that the former roadway would be the easier and cheaper to construct, besides passing through more desirable country and giving a shipping point two ..days nearer to the Japan coast. The territory thus opened would fall naturally into these sections—the Upper Fraser valley on the east— the Nechaco, Stuart lake and Upper Parsnip in the centre -and the Skeena watershed on the west. This-last contains some twenty thousand square miles' being much the same in area and physical features as that portion of the Province lying between the C. P. R. The Skeena Canyon. It has been recently hinted that negotiations were under way to draw the railway to Bute Inlet, where ferries would connect with a north and south line on Vancouver Island, with sea ports at Victoria and Hardy Bay. It is hard to believe, however, that anyone planning a short line to the Orient, could be drawn by negotiations, however delicate, so far out of the way as this would be. Given Edmonton as the starting point and Japan as the ultimate goal, we are at once compelled to the most The Lower Skeena Valley. northerly sea port that the political boundaries and topographical features of British Columbia will permit. From Edmonton, lat. 53° 30' some 250 miles westward brings us to the Yellowhead Pass, with about 40 miles of southing. From here down the Fraser valley 200 odd miles to Fort George, in lat. 54°, whence we may figure on about 350 miles to Kitimat harbour, in the same latitude, or to Port Simpson lat. 540 30', by the easy route of the Hazelton trail and Skeena river ; or the suggested alternative of about the same distance almost due south via Bute Inlet to Vancouver Island in lat. 500. O. K. Mountain, Skeena • River. and the 49th parallel from Vancouver to the Arrow lakes, and capable of supporting as important industries and as large a population as will the district which already carries such towns as Vancouver, Rossland, Greenwood and Grand Forks. The country in question has so far been but very casually explored, its difficulty oL access being such that flour is sold for $12.00per 50-lb. sack within a few miles from the proposed railway line and 50 miles farther north the legal price of sugar is 50 Kitsalas Mountain. cents per cupful, with occasional agreement as to the size of the cup. In spite of such drawbacks, the gen-' eral knowledge of gold-bearing gravel beds that will surely pay with reasonable freight rates, has been gradually added to, until now we know of copper deposits extending far up the main river, of large coal beds on the Kispyox and the Telkwa; of iron on the Bulkley, and of mineral veins sufficiently dispersed throughout the country to make the whole of it an attractive field for prospecting. As yet development of mineral claims has been carried on only at points near the coast such as the copper- THE MINING RECORD. 199 sulphur mine on the Hocsall, opened up within the last year by a Victoria company, sufficiently to show an immense amount of pyritic ore whose value will be greatly increased by the proximity of a railroad with its ensuing industrial growth. About 90 miles up the Skeena from the Hocsall is Kitsalas mountain overlooking the canyon of that name where a considerable amount of mining progress has been made under very adverse circumstances. On this mountain some 50 claims are held by various HI Ptarmigan Mine, Showing Gallows Frame. owners, principally located on copper, of which there are indications almost everywhere hereabouts, with an occasional quartz vein said to carry fair gold values— and others, notably the Ptarmigan, containing a high- grade ore of silver. The Ptarmigan group, owned and operated by a New York syndicate, lies on the top of the mountain some 5,000 feet above the sea level, and about six miles from the river bank. It is reached from the canyon by a _:_(.. aHi Ptarmigan Mine—A Late Spring. good horse trail which was partially replaced last summer by three miles of waggon road. Development consists partly of a 100-foot perpendicular shaft with several crosscuts to the vein, and short drifts thereon. This form of development is more than usually costly as the timber line is very low in this latitude and all lumber for timbering is packed up hill for nearly 1,000 feet before letting it down the shaft. Should the vein hold good for a fair depth, and interior workings fully demonstrate the strike and dip, a short adit 500 feet down the hill would probably lead to a long drift on the vein and to very economical mine working. The necessity of sticking to the ore until the peculiarities of the vein are known and tabulated makes the continuation of the shaft imperative for a considerable depth, and this is a very expensive proposition under present conditions of river traffic. Freight and passenger charges, although reasonable considering the difficulties in the way of navigation, mount up rapidly The Difficulties of Mining on the Skeena—Packing jn Machinery. where many men are handled. The uncertainty as to when, and how often, steamers will make the trip, necessitates the ordering of goods sometimes months before they are required, and also compels the carrying of duplicates in all sorts of tools and machinery. The total absence of population prevents the mine operator from taking a cheerful view of cousin Jack's inclination to try a new camp, nearer civilization, after a month or two of work, as the men can only be replaced Diamond Drilling on the Ptarmigan Mine. after week's of delay, and the loneliness of the district makes it almost impossible to keep men through a full season. These difficulties have.been partially remedied by the installation of the telegraph, but only a railroad will bring cheap freight and fares, quick delivery of goods and nearby towns to keep the miners in better humor, and to fill the vacancies left by those who feel the need of a holiday. 7. I 200 THE MINING RECORD. Westward, and on a lower level than the Ptarmigan, lie the Ormonde and Four Ace groups, both of which carry plentiful indications of copper, without sufficient development to determine probable size of ore deposits —the latter showing croppings of quartz with very pretty specimens of bornite. Westward again, the Bootjack, I. X. L. and Emma, form a group of which the Four Ace is an up-hill extension. This group is splendidly situated for operating ; commencing at the river level the Emma vein strikes directly up hill, apparently entirely workable by drifts and back stoping, and free from all costs of road making and packing. Considerable work has been done on the Emma and I. X. L., but since 1899 it has been neglected. Free-gold quartz strikes have been reported in the valleys of'Tsimnamess and Kleanza, streams entering the Skeena on either side of Kitsalas mountain, and as old placer grounds have been worked on the latter it is not unlikely that one or more gold mines may eventuate. As may be gathered from this brief description, and confirmed, if the reader wishes, by a personal tour of The Crew of Packers at the Ptarmigan. inspection, the Skeena is to-day a roadway of great obstacles, a land of hardship, privation and immense possibilities in the near future. Apart from mineral indications which point to as rich an area as any of its size in the Province, there are farming lands whose acreage I will not venture to estimate, since that way lies controversy. Vegetables, fruits and berries, are successfully raised from Spokeshute to Babim, grazing lands are abundant and large tracts of apparently worthless soil are suitable for orchard cultivation. For the energetic prospectors and ranchers who can look forward with equanimity to " rustling " and waiting for from two to five years for profitable results there is a very promising field. Those more gregariously and luxuriantly inclined will do well to go in later by rail and contribute to the finances of the earlier bird. And if the railroad does not materialise the early bird will come back hungry and discontented—which sometimes happens. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICITY TO METALLURGY. By A. A. Watson, B. Sc. (Assayer and Metallurgist, Vernon, B.C.) ELECTRICITY has been applied to metallurgy in several ways not only in the precipitation of the precious metals from solution, but also in the reduction of aluminium from its ores and in the conden sation of lead fumes. At present, however, its use is chiefly confined to electro-plating and to the recovery of gold and silver from solutions in which other ores have been located. There is no doubt that the electro-plating process was the forerunner of the cyanide process and it probably led up to it. In the process of silvering the articles to be electro-plated are suspended by copper wires in an earthenware vessel containing a solution of cyanide of silver in potassium cyanide. The wires are connected with the last zinc plate of a galvanic battery, the last copper plate of the battery being connected with a series of silver plates suspended on the silvering liquid opposite the articles. The galvanic current causes the decomposition of the silver cyanide in the solution, the silver being deposited upon the articles to be plated and the cyanogen uniting again with the silver on the plates and forming a fresh quantity of silver cyanide equal to that which was decomposed. To make the silver adhere firmly the objects to be plated are sometimes dipped into a solution of nitrate of mercury before being immersed in the bath. Electro-gilding is performed in the same way by using a solution of cyanide of gold in potassium cyanide. A process which has been much used of late years is the Siemens-Halske process of electrical precipitation of gold from its solution in potassium cyanide. In the process of extraction of gold from its ores by potassium cyanide, the gold is usually precipitated by means of zinc, but it sometimes occurs when zinc is used that the solution is too alsaline or too acid resulting in the formation of zinc salts. The advantages of electrical preparation are :— (1). The preparation is as good in weak solution as in strong ores. (2). However acid the solution may be the gold precipitates. The advantage of being able to use very weak solutions is great, as not only is there a less consumption of cyanide but a weak solution, say five parts in ten thousand can -be used for treating cuperiferous ores which would destroy stronger solutions. Zinc alone will not precipitate gold from a very weak solution, and the advantage of electrical precipitation in such cases is manifest. The cathode upon which the gold deposits itself is made of lead sheets fastened in light wooden frames and connected with the negative pole of a dynamo. The avodes are made of iron. The current required is about .06 ampere for square foot. With cathodes a foot and a half apart a force of seven rolls is sufficient. In the manufacture of aluminium from bauxite, an oxide of aluminium, the ore is heated in an electrical furnace. The furnace is made of firebrick, and originally the carbons were placed in firebrick lutes but the heat was found to be so great that they melted. The sides of the furnace were, in a later process, coated with carbon but the carbon became converted by the heat into graphite and conducted electricity so that the walls of the furnace were fused. Finally the difficulty was overcome by coating the carbon with lime which prevented the formation of graphite. The bauxite is placed in the furnace and carbon thrown over it. An iron plate is luted on over the furnace. The carbon poles are separated and an electric arc formed. The electro-motive force used is 60 volts, and the current 5,000 amperes. Many devices have been introduced for condensing the fumes which arise from the smelting of lead. An electrical method has been recently proposed in which the fumes are led from the furnace through flues, and the fine particles of metal suspended in the fumes collected by means of a discharge of high potential electricity from metal points situated in the flue. A process was patented a few years ago by Mr. Keith, of Brooklyn, U. S. A., for re- -J THE MINING RECORD. 201 fining lead electrolytically. In this process solutions of lead salts are used, which under the influence of an electric current dissolve lead but do not dissolve gold and silver. Electro-chemical reactions depend upon the fact that the salts of metals are dissociated when in solution. When potassium chloride is dissolved in water what actually exists in the water is a succession of free aloms of chlorine and potassium with enormous electrical charges. Similarly when silver or gold cyanide is dissolved in potassium cyanide solution the aloms are free and the weaker the solution the more perfect the free condition. As soon as the aloms of gold or silver lose their charge of electricity, as they do when an electrical current is passed through, gold with its ordinary properties is at once produced and therefore precipitates itself in the solid form. This fact agrees with what has been found in the Siemens-Halske process. The weaker the solution the more easily is the precipitation effected because the condition of dissociation is more perfect. THE AUDITING OF A MINING COMPANY'S ACCOUNTS.! By Chas. V. Jenkins,.Rossland, B.C. THE comprehensive audit of the accounts of a mining company is extremely important in its relations to the legal situation and obligations of the corporation, the personal liability of the directors, and the interests of the investing public. A consideration of the subject as affecting the professional duties and fixing the responsibility of a mining engineer engaged in the expert examination of a mine, or in charge of mining operations, is equally important, though this phase of the question is not often presented systematically. Business customs have pretty clearly established the purposes and principles of an audit. But in the absence of statutes compelling strict periodic investigation of their financial affairs, many companies of excellent repute do npt avail themselves of the advantages afforded by such an audit. On the other hand the failure of many companies to make public the true state of their affairs by means of an adequate financial audit is the frequent cause of loss to investors. The value to both parties of a systematic and thorough examination of company accounts is becoming, however, more and more generally appreciated ; and it is to be hoped that this may result in suitable legislation, requiring an annual audit of the accounts and financial affairs of all private corporations, and providing for the license and registration of competent, professional accountants. Such a rule would tend to eliminate that element of fraud and the consequent danger of loss to which the stockholder is exposed, when he is forced to rely upon officials for information relative to the standing of the company in which he is interested. True, a financial audit offers no protection against the false or erroneous statements of the condition of the mine itself. Nor will it assist stockholders in penetrating the mysterious reticence or parodoxical ambiguity with which boards of directors muzzle and muffle their reports- regarding the present condition and future prospects of their mines— a policy of concealment and of mystification which operates, as positively as tangible fraud, to enhance the element of speculation present, in varying degree, in all mining enterprises. t Paper read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, February, 1902. But it is safe to say that in a mining venture, where risk is always expected, capital will more readily seek investment, and stockholders will more cheerfully assume risk and more willingly support any reasonable policy of a board of directors, if good faith and frankness are shown by regular and comprehensive reports and audits. THE VALUE OF AN AUDIT. The value of a commercial or general business audit depends upon its purpose, its minuteness of detail, the authority and responsibility of the auditor, and the scope of his instructions. The duties of an English chartered accountant, acting as an auditor, are defined and to a certain extent specified by the Companies Act of [862, which compels an annual audit of all registered joint stock companies. The United States law has a similar provision, compelling the examination of all national banks by qualified government examiners. But so far as other corporations of private enterprise are concerned, an auditor's duty consists in performing that for which he is employed, and he is responsible to his employer only. If his appointment depends upon the good will of the company's officials, the presumption is that he will act as their agent rather than as the agent of the stockholders ; or, if he be engaged to examine accounts and report upon some particular question, it is not likely that he will take it upon himself to extend his examination and report to cover more than that question. For instance, if he is asked to ascertain whether a reported reserve fund is real, or exists upon paper only, and how the said fund is invested, or to say whether in his opinion the working capital is sufficient, he would discharge his duty by a partial examination of the accounts and a report upon the one question submitted to him. But when a complete audit of the accounts of a mining company is required for the purpose of presenting to the stockholders a statement exhibiting the financial position of the company, and giving data which may possibly assist in deciding upon future operations, the auditor, if employed as the agent of the stockholders, will exhaustively examine and check all books of account and all the financial affairs of the company. INSPECTION OF ACCOUNTS BY MINING ENGINEERS. In examining a mining property for clients who contemplate purchase, the mining engineer often finds it .necessary to make an exhaustive search through the accounts and records previously kept by the owners of the mine. This is, perhaps, most frequently the case when it is desired to ascertain the actual cost of mining at a producing mine. If such a mine has been operating sufficiently long to have established a fairly uniform cost, he may be warranted in accepting the figures given by the owners, supplemented by only-a cursory expenditure of the accounts. But in cases of doubt or suspicion it may be desirable to verify the .figuresgiven. While some mining companies, in calculating the cost per ton of the ore extracted, include all expenses of dead work, development, exploration, etc.,many others state as the cost of extraction work the actual expenditure for stoping and hoisting only, treating the development work, especially in shaft sinking, as a " capital " expenditure. Practice in classifying expenditures in this respect, and the arrangement of accounts relative to mine costs, is so varied that an engineer can satisfy himself only by an examination of the books, if he would know what items are included in the costs. Particularly in considering a "low-grade" proposition, where accurate data are absolutely necessary, it is an immense advantage to be able to determine in detail, by personal investigation, the actual facts. 202 THE MINING RECORD. Of course the present worth of a mine cannot be de-r termined by the amount of its past dividends ; yet, in many instances the gross earnings, as represented by the tonnage and value of ore already produced, may have a signal importance in considering the future relation of profits to operating expenses. The value of the product of the various stopes, as shown by the record of ore sales, affords the closest possible check upon the values obtained by sampling the several ore bodies from which ore has been shipped. A determination of the tonnage and value of " ore in sight" is naturally the first consideration of the engineer. But in his judgment of the mine as an investment, the item of costs is a factor of equal importance. From no other source can he obtain such accurate detailed information relative to the costs and charges of mining as from the books and past records of the mine under examination. THE CONDUCT OF AN AUDIT. Since tha mining business is so radically subject to local conditions, it is to be expected that the forms of records and accounts will be varied to suit each special case. And although the principles of accounting are fixed, there exists almost as great a diversity in the systems of accounts in use as in the forms and registers employed. With due appreciation of the difficulties likely to arise from this lack of uniformity, the following general suggestions are offered as to the manner of conducting a practical audit of mining accounts. In the majority of instances, a mine is owned and operated by a corporation, the main or financial office of which is far from the mine. This makes it practically necessary to consider two sets of accounts : those conducted at the mine, which directly concern the mine management ; and those belonging to the province of the secretary, which constitute the permanent financial records of the company. The mine-office accounts in full detail, together with vouchers, are usually forwarded at regular intervals to the main office, where a general audit is made, there being at the mine office but a local audit or checking of the accounts. For the present purpose, however, it may be assumed that all the records are kept and all the accounts conducted in the office at the mine. List of Books.—In order to plan an intelligent dissection of the accounts, it is necessary to know how they are put together. To this end it will be well, first, to secure from the person in charge an explanation of the- system employed, with a list and description of the books used. Indispensable, of course, to the double entry set of books usually kept at a mine, are the cash book, journal and general ledger. In addition to these and to the several subordinate record books, blotters, etc., which convenience demands, a well-regulated system of mine accounts ought to include books of ore shipments and of mining costs. The former should show in detail the lots of ore sold at the mine or shipped, identifying each lot by number, and giving date of shipment, date of payment, weights, terms of settlement, values and net returns, and also specifying the stope or heading in the mine from which the lot was mined. The costs book, in the nature of an independent or special ledger, is kept to relieve the general ledger of the burden of the many accounts necessary when accurate record is made of the costs chargeable to each separate place of working in the mine. Cost keeping is one of the most important departments of mine accounting ; and the costs book, when properly conducted, is a regular monthly statement and analysis of costs, itemizing the cost of labour, material and supplies, and distributing the power and operating charges, and the indirect or fixed and general expenses. Moreover, it is also a special ledger, containing an account with each place of working, in which are charged monthly the itemized costs as above, and from which are carried, by journal entry, the totals only of the month's expenses to a " Costs of Mining " account in the general ledger. The general ledger is considered the principal book, being the source from which is obtained all classified information relative to the financial condition of the business. But it may be well to suggest that although this book is the receptacle for all transactions, in whatever book the entries may originate, the ledger itself is generally ignored by courts of law. The " book of Originalentry," legally defined as that in which the preliminary record or entry of a transaction is first written is accepted as authority on all questions involved in a transaction or in a series of transactions. Capital Stock, Treasury Stock, Working Capital. — The capital stock comprises the full amount of the capital authorized to be raised by the charter or articles of incorporation. The treasury stock is the stock over and above the amount subscribed and paid for when the company is organized, which is set aside and held by the treasurer, to be sold for the purpose of securing funds to carry on operations. If the entire capital stock was subscribed and the whole amount paid in was absorbed in the purchase of the mine and the necessary equipment, and further capital is needed to carry on work, the stockholders may, by agreement among themselves, instead of increasing the capital stock, donate pro rata a certain number of shares to be held and sold by the treasurer for working capital. A working capital account is sometimes opened with a credit of a certain amount of the subscribed stock or capital, this sum being set apart for use in prosecuting the development of the mine, etc. These accounts should probably receive first attention. An examination of all entries should be made from their origin in the auxiliary books to their final posting in the general ledger. The principal books auxiliary to the general account books of a corporation are the subscription book, instalment book, transfer book and stock ledger. The stock ledger is used solely for carrying accounts with stockholders of their respective holdings in the company. All the other books mentioned are books of original entry, subsidiary to the stock ledger. Examination of these books should establish the fact that the capital stock account in the general ledger is credited with the full amount of the authorized capital, whether paid up or not. If it has not been fully paid, an open subscription account will probably be found in the ledger, exhibiting the amount of stock subscribed and not paid for. The amount issued and paid in should correspond with the aggregate holdings as shown on the stock ledger. A close scrutiny of the treasury stock account, or working capital account, if either exist, should be made, to ascertain the character of the account, and how it was created. If there is treasury stock on hand, carried as an asset, the amount should be noted. Cash Receipts.—A complete audit involves a careful and systematic checking of each and every individual transaction during the period under audit. The opening and subsequent entries covering cash receipts for capital stock subscriptions paid, and for treasury stock sold, should be examined and checked. The records of sales of treasury stock should be critically examined, and their entries traced to their final exhibit on the books. If stock is sold at par, '' Cash" will, of course, show the proper debit entry for the amount received. If disposed of at less than par, or if sold at a premium, the entries covering the balance or difference between THE MINING RECORD. the amount received and the nominal or par value of the stock, as well as the cash entry, should be carefully investigated. Strictly speaking the discount on stock sold at less than par is not a loss, nor is the premium on stock sold above par a gain, of the business proper ; and the amount in either case will be probably carried into the working capital rather than the profit and loss account. Frequently, however, especially if a profit has been realised on such sale, the amount is carried directly into Profit and Loss. Practice varies considerably in the conduct of accounts relating to treasury stock and working capital. But in whatever manner transactions of this nature are recorded, an audit will prove its efficiency if it determines that fictitious values are not given in the accounts representing resources, actual liabilities, expenses, or any other account affecting profit and loss account. Practically, the only revenue of a mine is derived from the sale of its product, in whatever form (crude ore, concentrates, matte, bullion, etc.) it may be marketed. All items of cash, as shown on the cash book, should be checked ; but this one principal item should be verified by comparing the receipts, as entered, with the ore shipment register, and with the settlement sheets or statements rendered by the smelter or other purchaser. Such a statement is rendered for each shipment separately by all ore purchasers, or in the case of a company smelting the ores from its own mine to crude bullion or matte, by the refinery to which this product is sold. Cash Disbursements. —All items of cash disbursement should be checkecTand compared with the vouchers or proofs of payment. If the " voucher system " is employed, and transactions are recorded by classification in a voucher journal, from which the totals of like debits and credits, instead of individual items, are posted, the work of checking and comparing the itemized expenditures will be confined to this book of first entry. The footings of this journal are then verified, and the posting of aggregate totals is regularly checked. A critical examination of the vouchers should be made to ascertain whether the payments made were properly authorized and certified. Pay rolls should be examined to see that they are properly and duly signed by employees, and that the totals of each are correctly entered. The balance of cash shown by the books should agree with the amount of cash on hand and in bank, less the amount of outstanding checks not yet presented for payment. After the purely mechanical checking of all entries in and postings from the cash book, journal, etc., and the verification of their arithmetical accuracy, the next, and essentially the most important step is to trace each entry from its inception to its final posting, with the view of detecting errors and.irregularities, whether of ignorance or intentional fraud. This critical examination is of considerable moment, particularly if the audit is made under conditions exacting a close discrimination between expenditures of capital and-of revenue. Capital.— Capital expenditure accounts are, debited with all disbursements which result in the acquirement of something of permanent value. Such entries require very careful inspection, not merely to prove clerical, accuracy in recording the transactions, and the vouchers and receipts covering them, but also the legitimacy of their classification as capital expenditures. A systematic investigation of the amounts carried to capital, and of all entries of amounts expended and covered into the accounts of buildings, _ plants, machinery, equipment, air-pipe lines, water mains, etc., should afford an approximate verification of the correctness of these property accounts, and put to proof the fairness of the valuation of the several plants carried as assets. These accounts should be also scrutinized, to see that they are duly credited with amounts written off, from time to time, for depreciation. Such amounts, taken out of income for deterioration of plant, are usually debited to profit and loss direct, but are sometimes carried by a charge to a depreciation account. A close discrimination between expenses properly chargeable to capital and to revenue, respectively, is of vital importance ; for it is apparent that if too great a portion of the expense of any year be charged against capital, then the current expense will appear smaller and the profit correspondingly greater. On the other hand, if the entire cost of plant and equipment, or of improvements, which for all practical purposes, may be considered of permanent value, is charged against the operating expense or cost of mining of any year, a true profit with respect to the ordinary working expenses and receipts may be made to appear as a loss. If the whole, or any portion of the development work of a mine for any year be charged to capital and the current operating expense be relieved of this cost, the apparent profit will be unduly increased. In the business of mining, custom has not yet established a uniform method of treating expenditures for renewals and repairs of machinery, plant and equipment. In fact, the question of distinguishing between capital, and revenue for sums expended in the original purchase, enlargements and improvements of plants is a matter of individual concern and choice. Some companies treat every expenditure for machinery and equipment as fairly chargeable to the cost of mining for the year during which the purchase was made. Practically this method was said to be correct; since the sums so expended are part of the expense of mining, and must eventually be repaid by the revenue derived from the sale of the mine's product. Other companies are too prone to treat-as capital not only the original purchase price, but all sums expended for improvements, and for renewals and repairs as well. And- some companies do while others do not, make provision for depreciation. In any event, an examination of the accounts should prove that the aggregate amount appearing in capital accounts as expended for machinery, equipment, etc., is represented by plant of that value, maintained in efficient repair. As stated, an approximate verification of these amounts can be arrived at by tracing from their source all entries for items so charged. For example, in case a mining plant is purchased and erected under contract it is easy to determine its original value by reference to the contract. The erection of plants, the installing of machinery, etc., when done by a company by day's labour, Involve a careful consideration of the cost of labour, as well as of material and supplies. It must be confessed that the wages account is the most difficult of all to check effectually, especially in trying to distinguish between capital and revenue expenditures, when mining operations and construction are carried on simultaneously, and more especially when a company has no system of keeping and correctly recording amounts expended for wages. Where such a system exists, and where the records of one department are examined and checked by another and independent department, it will not be so troublesome to arrive at a comparatively accurate proving of the correctness of all wages charged to capital. Revenue.—In a mining enterprise of any magnitude the debit side of this account represents the expenditure 204 THE MINING RECORD. of considerable money. An audit to determine the actual amount, and the correctness of the entries, of expenditure of revenue must be very comprehensive. The vouchers and receipts, in addition to the checking on the cash book, must be critically inspected, and the classification and distribution of the expense represented by each voucher must be verified. Mining supplies purchased are charged to revenue when used, not necessarily when paid for. This requires an exhaustive investigation into the nature and conduct of the stores accounts, and a complete checking of these accounts, to make sure that all supplies taken from stores are properly charged, when credited to the stores account. The entries covering these transactions should be gone into pretty thoroughly. The prices charged for supplies consumed should be compared with the purchase price and the cost as stated in inventory. An inventory ought to be taken of all material and supplies on hand, the values being compared with the purchase prices, and the total with the aggregate of the various stores accounts on the books. Wages, salaries, and all fixed and general expenses, such as taxes, insurance, etc., are direct cash disbursements. All these items, with the possible exception of • wages, can be effectually tested by comparing with the vouchers, and by reference when necessary, to the authority for the payment. As for instance, the correctness of salaries paid could be ascertained from the directors who had the fixing of salaries ; taxes, by comparing the payments with the demands of the government, etc. In the matter ot wages it is impracticable to verify all the items on the pay rolls which go to make up the aggregate expenditure of labour. The distribution and legitimate "expensing" of the cost of labour can be fairly tested as explained; but an auditor may be obliged to rely to a considerable extent upon the system of interstaff corroboration referred to above, and upon the certificate of an official in authority, as to the veracity of the various pay rolls. If all accounts representing the operating, fixed and general expense of the business are carried into one account, " Costs of Mining," at regular intervals, a comparison of the entries in this account with the mining costs book will facilitate a verification of the aggregate expenditure chargeable to revenue. Personal Accounts.—Personal accounts, accounts and bills receivable, and accounts and bills payable, should be examined carefully. In the business of mining, accounts of this nature are not frequent, and liability of loss from bad debts or doubtful accounts is limited. Such accounts, and the contingency of such loss, however should be considered. The amount of accounts due and bills payable, as shown on the books, should be verified and taken into calculation in determining the gains or losses for the period under audit. The task of checking and verifying all book transactions being completed, the footings of all accounts in the ledger, whether closed or still operative, should be tested, balances verified, and a trial balance taken. This trial balance proving the correctness of the ledger, it is now in order to prepare a statement of assets and liabilities, and a statement of profit and loss. The financial condition of the company should be very clearly set forth in this financial statement, the balance sheet exhibiting;: 2. Improvements, showing buildings, machinery, plants, equipment, etc.; also stores and supplies on hand. PROPERTY AND ASSETS. I. Property, showing mines and mineral claims, and other real property. CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES. I. Capital Stock, showing in detail the number of shares; amount paid up ; amount, if any, remaining unpaid ; amount and nature of arre.tr of calls, particulars of forfeited shares, etc 3. Cash and Investments, showing amount of cash on hand and in bank, the nature of investments, rates of interest, etc. 4. Debts Owing to the Cdy, showing all debts, accounts and bills receivable. 2. Debts and Liabilities of the company, showing the amount of debts owed by the company, * enumerating the same, and distinguishing actual from contingent liabilities, etc. These contingent liabilities, such as claims- against the company not acknowledged as debts, or moneys for which the company is contingently liable, should be stated ; but only the amount of acknowledged debt is carried out as a liability. 3. Reserve Fund, showing the amount set aside from profits to I meet contingencies. 4. Profit and Loss, showing the disposable balance for payment of dividends, etc. The statement of profit and loss should state specifically upon what accounts losses have been sustained, and detail the accounts through which profits have been realised. In calculating the gains and losses, it must be borne in mind that the loss or gain of a mining venture for any given period is not merely the difference between the receipts for ores sold and the cost of mining. Depreciation must always be taken into consideration. REDEMPTION OF CAPITAL. In connection with an audit it is essential that the questions of depreciation, dividends, surplus and redemption of capital betaken into account. Most industrial enterprises involve the same elementary principles. But there are considerations in mining which do not affect other kinds of business. A mine cannot be said to be a permanent source of wealth. Every ton of ore mined and marketed involves a depreciation in the value of the property which cannot be repaired. Hence, during the life of a mine, not only must interest be realised upon the capital invested, but the capital itself must be recovered, if the venture is to prove successful. In this respect depreciation and dividends may be considered as different causes operating to the same end, namely, the diminution of the value of the property. Depreciation.—Generally speaking the loss upon assets which are diminishing in value is called depreciation. As applied to plants, equipment, mining machinery, etc. (provided the original cost of these items is not treated as a portion of the current operating expense, and so charged at time of purchase), a certain sum, estimated upon the life of the plant, should be charged against the gross revenue of each year, to replace the capital destroyed or reduced by wear and tear. The method of treating sums expended for plant as current expense is manifestly unfair, both to the management desirous of making a record in the matter of mine costs and to the present stockholders ; for in the early stages of a mine, when most of the equipment is purchased, costs will be exaggerated, and dividends which might otherwise be paid may be deferred, by reason of this abnormal increase in the current expense account. But since the life of mining machinery is comparatively short, and there is practically no residual value, in case the mine is abandoned as worked out, or the machinery has to be replaced by a plant of greater capacity, it is not only prudent but absolutely necessary that some provision be made to redeem its cost, Depreciation as applied to the redemption of the capital invested in a mine, provides for the writing off of a certain sum each year, estimated upon the life of amine, to accumulate a sinking; fund for this purpose. THE MINING RECORD. 205 In the business of mining, however, much may be said in favour of some method of accumulating a sinking fund, such a fund is seldom, if ever, provided for. The individual stockholder usually thinks that he would prefer to have his capital returned to him as fast as it can be taken from the mine, rather than await the accumulation of a fund sufficient to redeem the whole capital. To this end the custom prevails, and will probably be considered the better method, so far as mining is concerned, of repaying capital by dividends. By means of dividends, or as they might properly be called, enlarged dividends, the stockholder, after calculating a fair interest on his investment, can consider the sums received over and above this interest as repayments of the principal of his investment. This method may be subject to some question, since there are few (except those who have given special thought to the matter) who properly appreciate the difference between a dividend, which is purely a distribution of profits and a dividend which is to repay capital. Then there is the contingency to face : in the case of a successful mining enterprise it may transpire that the full amount of the company's capital is carried as a liability, when in fact it has all been repaid in the shape of dividends ; while on the other side of the balance sheet the mine, valued at its original cost and worth, is still shown. The amount paid in dividends in this way each year may be estimated, or rather will depend, upon the amount of output and the profit realised on the sale of product. Dividends.—The term dividend as generally accepted, means a sum which a corporation sets aside from its profits to be divided among its members. It is a fundamental rule that dividends shall not be declared or paid when a company is insolvent, or the payment of which renders a company insolvent. A dividend must be declared from realised, and not from estimated, profits. The violation of this rule is not common. But it too frequently happens that when profit does not follow on the heels of promise the directors of a company, anxious to appease the importunity of stockholders, are led to ignore one of the most important precepts of financial prudence. Under this constraint they declare and pay dividends without first having provided a surplus or reserve fund ; that is, a special fund of profits set aside for the purpose of meeting contingencies, or of equalizing dividends. Reserve Fund.—If such a fund, set apart from current income, or created by withholding a small percentage of the annual net earnings, is .hown upon the books, this account should be examined by the auditor, and its accuracy should be tested. The amount should be held either in actual cash on hand, or on special deposit in bank, or invested in safe and readily convertible securities. A reserve fund once established should be drawn upon only in case of urgent necessity, or to meet exceptional and temporary reverses in profits. The history of the mining industry is replete with records of companies wrecked by adverse circumstances, by reason of the lack of means with which to carry exploration to a probable successful issue,—means which might have been provided at a time when the mine was earning regular profits. But with working capital exhausted ; stockholders reluctant to pay assessments or to render themselves personally liable for borrowed capital ; the ore reserves of the mine worked up to their limit, and no reserve fund to meet the exigency, the mine is abandoned. And thus is recorded another mining failure which a little forethought and business prudence might have averted. Again, it may occur that a mine in the full flush of prosperity is compelled to discontinue dividends for a period. There would be fewer disappointed stockhold- ersin this respect, if the policy of providing a surplus were rigidly insisted upon. Regular dividends could be1 continued, and the most distressing period in the affairs of a mining company could be safely tided over if, during its most profitable period, provision had been made for such a crisis GENERAL REMARKS. As has been observed, and will no doubt be confirmed by the experience of most mining engineers, there is a noticeable lack of uniformity in the systems of keeping mine accounts. Such irregularity in the matter of registering and recording the routine of business details at the mine may be attributed to arbitrary local conditions. But the absence of uniform system in the more important departments of accounting, especially in the treatment of expenditures and in respect to mine costs, must be ascribed, in part at least, to the scarcity of practical literature on the subject, and to the lack of active discussion of the questions involved by those most vitally interested. In all other important productive industries, a considerable degree of conformity, not only in general system, but in details of shop organization, cost keeping, etc., has been established. This uniformity obtains to a greater or less extent, even in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits, where processes and mechanical methods, locality, competition, and other conflicting-influences, affect trade conditions. It is not intended to insist pedantically upon similarity of forms, methods and like details, nor is it deemed necessary, on the other hand, to formulate the reasons for a general uniform practice with respect to mine ac- ccounts ; but it may not be amiss to offer the opinion that in no other way can uniformity be secured except by concerted effort on the part of those who are actively interested in all that pertains to the economy of modern mining. If, in connections with the many discussions relevant to the science and practice of mining, the business side of the question could receive the attention it deserves ; if the interchange of ideas and opinions by those whose authority and interest are unquestioned were more frequent and general, reforms in this direction could be induced. By urging the adoption of a few conservative rules and principles of business which would tend to safeguard the commercial interests of mining, and by pressing the importance of a practicable uniformity in system and method, the engineering profession could increase the credit which it has already earned by what it has done to advance the business of mining from the plane of mere speculative gambling to its present high rank among the prosperous productive industries. THE PRESENT POSITION AND THE POTENTIALITIES OF MINING IN THE DRY-ORE BELT OF THE SLOCAN DISTRICT. By W. D. McGregor. THE so-called Dry-Ore Belt of the Slocan, may be roughly described as the area of granite and granitic rock lying south and southwest of the Sandon slates ; extending from the West Fork of Carpenter creek to Slocan lake and river. This area is chiefly contained in Slocan City Mining Division, but extends into the Slocan, Ainsworth and Nelson divisions as well. ill j 206 THE MINING RECORD. With respect to the term " dry ore," all ores containing the precious metals are primarily divided into the two great classes of milling or smelting ores. The milling ores are either free-milling or refractory, often the ore from a vein being partly one and partly the other. The smelting ores are divided, first with respect to their contents of copper or lead which, in the furnace, serves to collect the precious metals. In this district we may leave the copper ores out of the question, and we have left the two grades of lead smelting ores " wet " and " dry." In smelting the charge for the furnace has to be made carrying fixed proportions of acid and basic mineral, lead, iron, etc., in order to melt quickly and that the slag may be of the right quantity and quality to leave the rich lead, or the lead containing the gold and silver free from impurity. Now if this calls for, say 10 per cent, of lead in the ore charge, all ores containing this percentage or more of lead are wet, while those containing less or none are classed as dry ores. Now, it happens that the great bulk of the smelting ores produced in this part of West Kootenay are wet ores, running 40, 50 to 60 per cent, and more of lead, and-in order to smelt these it is necessary to add a sufficient quantity of iron ore, limestone, quartz, etc., to reduce the percentage of the lead and properly balance the charge for the furnace. Of course if dry ore comes in, in sufficient quantity, the smelter has no trouble but in West Kootenay the output has always been very onesided, and this has led to the smelters offering better terms for the necessary dry ores for fluxing. The ordinary run of lead ores to the smelters calling for some three tons of dry to one of wet ore while the production has been the other way about, has led to the reduction of the charge for freight and treatment from $15 to $10 and from $10 to $8 and even lower per ton, and we look for a still further reduction as it will pay the smelters to make them. This has stimulated the production of the dry ores and we find that there has been a continually increasing output during the past year or more. Slocan City Mining Division showing an increase to 6,500 tons last year from 2,800 in 1900, all in round numbers. This, it must be remembered is practically all high-grade ore, hand sorted from the rich paystreaks in the vein, and having behind for future attention, or as waste, all low- grade ore. The development work undertaken and the increased interest in prospecting have materially increased our knowledge of the vein and ore occurrence in this camp, particularly of the series of wide veins on Springer creek. This section came into prominence in '96. The first discoveries were made in '94 and '95 and reports of astonishingly rich finds were confirmed by shipments of ore running $100 a ton and better from several of the prospects, notably the Arlington, the Exchange and the Two Friends, the last a lead or wet ore proposition, for not all the ore in the dry-ore belt is dry by any means. Then high gold values were found on Lemon creek, and the boom was on. Prospects of all kinds fell into all kinds of hands and, as on most of the veins, some spots can be found that will give assay returns, it was very easy for the inexperienced prospector or purchaser to deceive himself and others. The mining men that came in to look the field over found prices and terms so hard that they would not meddle. Amateurs took hold, however, right and left, and in the spring of '97 the boom broke. Properties that had been bonded for big figures came back to the prospectors. Everyone found out that the veins were by no means all ore. Some met with faults and thought they had arrived at the end of the vein. Development was more expensive than had been expected and generally it was found that making a prospect pay for its own development and incidentally furnish funds to meet payments on a big bond is an uncommon thing to do. The natural reaction held the camp back till 1900, when the development of the Arlington and the Hewet showed that profitable mining of the dry ores was at least a possibility. The mountain formation here is very irregular though the main trend is north and south, we find the principal series of veins coinciding with this. The general strike being a trifle east of north, though there is a secondary series crossing the other nearly at right angles. These are smaller veins and it would seem somewhat less erratic in ore production than the first series. The question that comes to every manager and mining engineer, responsible for results in mining-—•" What plan shall I follow to get the greatest yield and the most gross profit for the owners ?"—has by no means been settled for these deposits and indeed the problem varies, not only with every vein but with different parts of the same vein. The mines that are working generally content themselves with stoping out the ore bodies encountered in development, sorting the ore by hand so that none (theoretically) below a certain grade gets into the shipping bin. This method has proved a commercial success, but there is no doubt but that it is wasteful and expensive. Wasteful because all the ore below a certain grade, and quite a percentage of that above, is lost or left to be rehandled at some future time. Expensive because it all has to be handled with such care and in such small quantities, the highest grade sacked, etc., bringing the tonnage cost of the ore to a fancy figure. Now the suggestion has frequently been made that we should stope out the contents of these veins clean, and figures have been given showing a good margin of profit on the undertaking, provided that the cost of shipment and treatment were brought down to a point that is quite possible. I quite agree that it is too bad to rob a mine by extracting its rich streaks of ore, but it would surely be a worse policy to use the surplus in the valuable portions of the vein in taking out and treating those portions which are either barren or of a grade so low that there is no present method of treating them at a profit. This is a condition that any investor should understand, and it is to the disappointment of those who started work on ore believing that it would be continuous to the centre of the earth that most of our so- called failures were owing, and I think that without exception where work has been prosecuted on the vein, other ore bodies have been encountered. Now if the ore body is properly located in development and a sufficient quantity encountered to warrant taking it out on a big scale (and that we have such bodies there is practically no doubt), how can we treat it so that $5 ore will pay to mine ? Well, in some cases, no doubt oil concentration will solve the problem, but for most of the Springer creek mines local smelting is the best. A smelter at Slocan should make a profit on 400 tons of this dry ore per diem at $3.00 in conjunction with the market rate on 100 tons of galena which is at hand, and a tram line up the creek, handling timber and supplies up, and ore down, would naturally be operated with it. The site, water-power, etc., lends itself to very economical operation and there will be no difficulty in establishing the undertaking, when once the mines show ore reserves to warrant it. The cost of opening and determining the ore contents of one of these veins for, say, 500 by 1,000 feet would be from $40,000 to $60,000, less of course the net returns of the high-grade ore produced from the develop- THE MINING RECORD. 207 ment work. This should show tonnage sufficient to the ore runs to the two extremes, it is either high grade warrant the erection of an aerial tramway to the smelter or practically valueless ; the retail method, if one may or to the trunk line, and a heavy investment in the use such a term, is the only practicable one. smelter project itself. The matter may be made clearer by a little study of ,(!• At least two strong companies will be working on the drawings of typical vein sections. No. i gives some such lines this summer and probably more. Of practically 14 ozs. silver throughout and if the average course, in many of the small veins and in those where holds could be worked on a large scale, say, taking out 208 THE MINING RECORD. 200 tons per diem at a profit of $1.50, or thereabouts, per ton. This would be increased by leaving c in the stopes, provided it could be done without too much expense in separating it from its neighbours. If the. paystreak alone is worked the yield of the mine would be about 10 per cent, of the whole. The cost of development and mining practically the same. An addition of $6.00 to $10.00 per ton for sacking and sorting but only freight and treatment on 1-56 of the vein. Of course no cheap method of handling could be put in for such a small quantity, which would make these charges, say, SECTION OF 14-FOOT VEIN. Cut No I. a. Gangue, 2 1-2 feet, intermixed with quartz stringers, assays 16 ozs. b. Three-inch streak, assays 22 ozs". c. Two feet almost barren gangue, assays 2 ozs, d. Six-inch streak, assays 40 ozs. e. Gangue, 4 1-2 feet, assays 10 ozs. f. 1 r-2 inch streak, assays 30 ozs. g. Gangue, 112 feet, assays 4 ozs. I h. Quartz, 2 1-2 feet, assays 16 ozs. with 3-inch paystreak on footwall assaying 80 ozs., average sample across vein 14 ozs. $15.00 instead of $4.00 which we have allowed in the other case — altogether an expense of $30.00 to $35.00 in handling three inches of ore — leaving a profit of som'ething less than $10.00 a ton on one ton, while the other and safer method would give 1.50 on 56 tons or $84.00 to the former $10.00. A difference which would warrant extensive equipment in order that it might be brought about. Cut No. 2 shows the section of a vein four feet in width, low grade throughout, with the exception of a SECTION OF 4-FOOT VEIN. ■ H ■ k. / / ' 'J m Cut No. 2. a. Twenty-four inches soft gangue highly mineralized, assay 15 ozs. silver. b. Twenty-two inches massive quartz, assay 8 ozs. silver, with two-inch average paystreak assay 300 ozs. Average return from whole vein 24 ozs. very rich paystreak on the footwall, averaging two inches of 300-oz. ore. In this case we see that 1-24 of the vein would give us $150.00 per'ton at a cost of about $45.00 or a net profit of $105.00 from that portion of the vein. If, however, we work the whole vein at a cost of $6.00 per ton, while losing on b, we would save 576 ozs. or $288.00 at a cost of $144.00 or a net return of $144.00, being $39.00 more than the first method from the same extent of vein. On the other hand, were a to drop in value to 8 ozs.. the same as b, it would reduce the value of the whole product by 3% ozs. or $1.75 per ton, making $42.00 on our unit of 24 tons giving net returns in this case of $102.00 or $3.00 less than from the paystreak alone. With factors such as these, and these constantly varying and with others, such as the fact that a, in cut 2, is very much easier worked than b so that in fact the whole contents of the vein can be delivered at the mouth of the tunnel for less than b alone, I think I have made my point clear, that in opening these veins we should develope on large enough scale to have at least a reasonable idea of what ore is in the first division of the mine before we undertake the taking of it out. It is not a very costly undertaking, about $10.00 a foot all around for development work and the necessary office and engineering expenses. Then as fast as the ore is cut and recorded you know where you are and the contents, being silver, are not apt to decrease from the present price. Then if you have 100,000 tons of ore cut and can save $1.00 a ton by putting in a wire tramway, or $3.00 a ton by the erection of a smelter — well and good, but cut the ore first. I see that I have wandered from my subject, but the district has suffered so much from haphazard methods tHat I may be excused my little lecture on the subject. The work done during the past year has been chiefly near the south end of Slocan lake, on various creeks running westward, but some very efficient development has been done on the North Fork and at the head waters of Lemon creek. Here we find a very marked increase in gold values, and more or less extensive bodies of milling ores, and we also find several prospects that are being opened slowly by the help of working out and selling the rich ore encountered. There is no doubt that the district is a difficult one to operate in and a strong sense of this will hurt no one who is responsible for the development of any of our prospects. The ore while often rich, sometimes very rich, is of most irregular occurrence. The values being sometimes scattered through the gangue, making the whole vein filling a low-grade ore, sometimes concentrated into a fabulously rich paystreak and again fading into nothing, to reappear farther on. It is now proved that some of these deposits can be worked profitably by hand sorting. It is also shown to be very probable that there are large enough amounts of low-grade ore to warrant a heavy investment, to install the best possible system of treatment. There will be several companies with ample capital developing on these large veins this seaso'n and it is quite possible that work enough may be done to justify the settlement of the treatment question on a comprehensive scale, within the next twelve or eighteen months. The present season is bound to be a busy one and is quite likely to prove the crisis in the development of the belt. There is much interest being manifested in the district which, as it should be, calls for special care on the part of those who are interested in it. The greatest danger is from careless investment and management. From the cocksure superintendent, who makes a mine fit his pet theory, gathered in 1 "Good Lord deliver us." The exploiter of course is bound to be with us ; not an unmixed blessing, but we know him of old. Over-capitalization is as fatal here as elsewhere, and will no doubt ruin some of our best properties. Of course many of the prospects are going to be disappointing ; much exploratory work will yield nothing but further knowledge of the country, but there is no doubt that active, conservative management, back- mam the mining record. 209 ed by sufficient capital can reasonably expect satisfactory and highly profitable results. There were some 18 properties that shipped dry ore from this belt last year, and present indications are that at least twice that number will figure in the returns for 1902. To summarize :—The dry ore properties are very promising, with rich' but tricky ore and with a total loss under present circumstances of all their low-grade ore, yielding in 1901 some $500,000 gross. Generally speaking, conditions for mining—water, timber, power, etc., are excellent. Most of the mines and prospects are tunnel propositions and ground is seldom hard r ■ «zszsjs^-c to work. The improvement has been marked and steady for the last year or more and W.Z% while it takes money, time and good management, to make a mine here as elsewhere, the possibilities are brilliant and the probabilities not far j)ehind. It will be remarked that in the estimates of returns, etc., the ounce of silver is calculated at 50 cents, and on the other hand no allowance is made for the 5 per cent, deduction which the smelter makes on silver values nor for the other small losses which always occur. The results at the present price of silver are quite as clear to the actual returns as a more e 1 a b o ra t e method. MINING MEN OF THE PROVINCE. L/M^ "*v Mr. J. L. P THE subject of our || our sketch this this month, Mr. J. L. Parker, who recently assumed the management of the North Star mine, at Kimberley, East Kootenay, is-a Scotsman by birth, he having been born in Stirling some forty years ago. He was educated at the High school, Dundee, and at Kingswood College, Bath, and later took a final course at Yorkshire College, Leeds, obtaining a certificate in mining, and winning a prize for practical geology. After securing certificates in applied mechanics and machine drawing from the South Kensington science and art department, he became articled to Mr. Hercules Warmald, a • mining engineer who had then the supervision of the Earl of Dartmouth's Yorkshire mining estates. Having served five years in the capacity of articled pupil Mr. Parker was appointed assistant to Mr. Warmald, and shortly afterwards received his first important en gagement, as mining engineer and surveyor, at the North Staffordshire mines, owned by Mr. W. J. Craig, M.P., one of the foremost mining engineers and mine owners of Great Britain. At the age of 23 he took first place in the Colliery Managers' Examination, at New- castle-under-Tyne, and was immediately appointed underground manager at Mr. Craig's mines, which position he held tor five years. Meanwhile he was offered the post of assistant mine inspector to Her Majesty's government, which appointment, however, he declined. Mr. Parker came to America in 1888 and from that date to 1896 he occupied several important positions in mines in Alabama, Califor- v^m. nia, Washington and Oregon. He afterwards mined in Butte, Montana, and again later was in charge of No. 3 shaft of the coal mines at Lethbridge, N.W.T. In 1896 Mr. Parker settled in Rossland and in the autumn of 1899 was appointed superintendent at the North Star mine. He resigned this post the following spring to accept an e n g a g e m ent with Messrs. Mackenzie & Mann as mining engineer, with headquarters at Port Arthur, Ontario. From December, 1900, to December, 1901, he was in charge of the Dominion Copper Company's mines at Phoenix, B. C, in whose undertakings Messrs. Mackenzie & Mann are largely interested, as they are also in the North Star Company, to the management of which Mr. Parker was appointed some two months ago. Previously tot h.a t, however, Mr. Parker engaged for a short time in private practice at the city of S p o k ane, Washington, U.S. A. The North Star mine, which is now under Mr. Parker's capable management, has already paid large dividends. PIP 1 f I hi. A.RKER, 1 A.E. OPERATION OF THE " HOLE - CONTRACT " SYSTEM IN THE CENTRE STAR AND WAR EAGLE MINES.t By Carl H. Davis, Rossland, B. C. MR. FRANK H. PROBERT, A.R.S.M., Morenci, Arizona (communication to the secretary):—The management of mines and the system of bookkeeping employed, are subjects of great interest to mine f Trans. A.I.M.E., Discussion on Mr. Davis' paper which was published in our issue of August, 1901. 210 THE MINING RECORD. superintendents, and such papers as that of Mr. Davis cannot fail to attract attention. The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, Eng., has done much within the last three years to promote discussion on the many systems adopted throughout the mining world ; and any papers giving individual experience will benefit that class of men who are charged with the economical management of mining properties. It is often said that a " good mine shows a good manager," and more often that mismanagement is the chief cause for poor returns; or, as Mr. A. G. Charleton puts it, in his able paper on " Mining Accounts and Cost Sheets," j " accident may, and often does, electro-plate incompetency and gild ' brass,' a good man in charge of an unpayable property being seriously handicapped in campetition with the inferior management of a richer ' bal.' " To a certain extent this is true ; but admitting that the most successful superintendent cannot make a mine in the absence of ore, there have been a great many mines closed by reason of defective management. If there were more literature at.the disposal of the inexperienced, more men willing to give their experience to the younger members of the profession, I think a great many mistakes of this kind could be avoided. I have had considerable experience in setting contracts in all classes of rock, and have tried paying per ton of ore sent to the chutes, per ton of rock broken, per cubic yard stoped, and per linear foot of advance in headings ; also, the "hole-contract" system. In every case I have found that contracts set on the amount of ground broken in stopes and the linear foot of advance in headings have been most satisfactory, both to the contractors and to the company. In the mines of Meiseberg and Pfaffenberg, Neudorf, Germany, I gave the " hole " system a thorough trial, but was obliged to return to the more common practice of measuring. In following lodes, or in stoping blocks of ore, the rock varies considerably within a short space according to the quantity of the mineral present and the character of the gangue. These things may be in favor of the contractor or against him, and differences between master and man are bound to occur. A rock very difficult to drill may break well when the hole is completed. By the "hole" system this would go against the contractor; but if paid according to the amount of rock excavated, it might be to his advantage. If the rock is homogenous, the " hole-contract" system works well; but in any case it necessitates a great amount of work and most careful supervision on the part of the shift bosses, who haVe to indicate the position, approximate depth, and direction of the hole to be drilled, measure it, and keep a daily record of the work done. Moreover, where a foreman is responsible for the placing of all holes, the contractor becomes merely a tool in his hands, and his own powers of observation are discouraged. Men who are continually working in one place must become familiar with the nature of the rock, and in my opinion, are far better able to judge where a hole has to be drilled to bring down a certain piece of rock than a foreman who has so much other work to occupy his mind. Anything which encourages close observation and thought on the part of a miner makes him a better workman, by giving him confidence in himself and interest in his task. Unless there are a number of shift bosses, much time must be wasted by the contractors in waiting for their holes to be marked before commencing work, and to be measured afterwards. If the mines are extensive, it will take a man an hour or two to complete his round of inspection, which must necessitate not only a long wait for some of the miners, but hurried work on the part of the foreman ; and then if the holes are not well placed, or not bored to the proper depth, the contractor has to suffer. Mr. Davis says that if, in a heading, the round of holes is finished before the end of a shift, the difficulty is got over by having spare headings, in which the men can utilise their extra time. Surely the time lost in taking down the machines, erecting others in the spare headings, transferring tools, etc., must go hard with the contractor. But if, on the other hand, the round of holes is not completed within the shift, that shift is lost to the company, as blasting is only done within certain hours ; and it is no use to fire holes that are not deep enough, or to fire some of the round and leave others standing. Again, it is stated that in headings, after the contractors have become familiar with the ground, little direction on the part of the shift boss is needed, the work being practically the same each day. In the event of the foreman discovering a hole which he considered misplaced, who is to blame ? — the contractor, or the foreman who, according to the terms of the agreement, has to indicate the position, depth and direction of the holes ? These difficulties must arise occasionally ; and trouble may ensue. QUADRUPLE GATE SYSTEM OF MINE VENTILATION. THE illustration herewith produced on the following- page shows the essential features of a system of mine ventilation devised and introduced by Messrs. Harron, Rickard & McCone, of San Francisco, California, some six or eight years ago, and which in operation has been very efficient. This system, which has been adopted for the ventilation of the Key West mine, Mount Sicker district, enables the engineer to drive fresh air into the mine or draw the smoke out by simply manipulating the gates and without stopping the fan, as may be signalled from below. In the cut it will be noted that the blast gates are numbered, and that gates Nos. 2 and 4 are open, and Nos. 1 and 3 are closed, which is the position of the gates when driving air into the mine. By closing Nos. 2 and 4 and opening Nos. 1 and 3, the fan will exhaust or draw the air out. All mine operators will appreciate the importance of drawing the smoke out of the shaft or drift as soon as the blast is fired, and not to blow the smoke out through the shaft and thus distribute the foul air through the entire working. After the foul air has been drawn out, the air current can be reversed and the pure air forced to the point where it is mostly required. Detailed information may be had from the manufacturers, 21 and 23 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cal. THE PRODUCTION OF COPPER IN THE BOUNDARY DISTRICT, B. C.f By Dr. Albert R. Ledotjx, New York. TXrrHlLE the general public receives impression of jff mining as an industry from reports of rich strikes and phenomenal yields, it is probably safe to assert that the industry itself depends upon the low-grade mines. As a rule the rich veins are narrow and uncertain, and railroads looking to permanent returns hesitate to build into a region of " one-man " fissures or J Trans. Inst, of Min. and Metallurgy, vol. v, page 245. + From a paper read before the Canadian Mining Institute. THE MINING RECORD. ill rich pocket deposits, but hesitate less to invest large sums for construction in districts where large ore bodies promise some degree of permanence from their size alone, even if low in assay. It may be stated m the outset that so far as my observation goes the mines of the Boundary Creek district belong to the latter class. The ores are very low grade but the ore bodies large, if irregular. Nature has compensated to a great extent for the grade of the copper ore by making it self-fluxing, so that probably nowhere on this continent can smelting be carried on more cheaply, given fair railroad rates and fuel at a reasonable cost. It is also nothing but simple justice to say that the Boundary is to-day a producing district because of the railroads ; that it is doubtful if there is a mine within its borders that would pay except at very favourable pretty well the characteristics of the Boundary mines and of their ores, and no what may be reasonably expected of some of them, and what has been their record. Geology.—It is not my purpose to go into the complicated geology of the Boundary district. This has been studied with the usual painstaking accuracy of your geological survey, and I understand that the results are soon to be made public. From such personal observations as I made it is plain that the district is one of great disturbance ; that within very small areas almost every variety of later and earlier igneous rock can be found, with the faulting, crushing, folding, and metamorphosis due to these. This is nowhere more apparent than at Phoenix. I may venture to generalise with the assertion that the ores of Phoenix camp are almost exclusively altered limestone. On the north side of the ravine which freight rates and reasonable coke charges. It certainly required considerable courage and considerable faith to build the Columbia & Western railroad, and no one making the trip from the Columbia river to Phoenix can fail to realise at what expense such excellent railroad facilities were supplied to the various camps. But it is not enough for railroads to build into a district such as this ; they must be prepared to handle its product at a minimum cost and to bring in the timber, machinery, supplies, and fuel, at the very lowest rates that will pay, if the prosperity of the country is to be established and maintained. There is little or nothing in the way of traffic to be gotten out of the Boundary district, excepting that produced by or relating to the mines. I ought to say in the outset that my personal observation of the Boundary district has been limited, but from many assays and analyses of its ores ; from having handled its entire copper product since it became productive, and from the reports of mining engineers who have carefully examined for me several of the camps other than Phoenix, I feel confident that I know divides the town, the limestone cap is in place, massive and unaltered save by the pressure which has crystalized it, the outcrops of ore being largely at contacts between intrusive eruptive rocks and the body of the limestone. This is notably true of the outcrop at the Brooklyn mine, where the uplifting of the limestone by the intrusive igneous rock is very marked, and along the vertical crushing zone there has been a second flow of pasty porphyry, forming in the most interesting manner a berchia containing sharp, angular pieces of unaltered limestone and of the older porphyry. I may say here that in using the term "porphyry" I generalise, not having attempted to distinguish the varieties of eruptive rocks, extending vertically or horizontally between the granites and limestones, or filling fissures in the granite itself. These igneous rocks have doubtless received careful classification at the hands of the survey. In the mines on the north side I am informed that the ore bodies exist in irregular masses of great size in unaltered lime, largely resembling caves which have been refilled with the ore-bearing material. The average ore of the best At 212 THE MINING RECORD. developed mine showing nearly 500,000 tons in sight, is said to contain 38 per cent, of silica, 16 per cent, of oxide of iron, 15 per cent, of lime, and about 4^ per cent, of sulphur, copper 1.80 percent., besides gold and silver. In all these claims on the north side of the ravine the ore is frequently cut off unexpectedly by vertical dykes or horizontal floors of porphyry in a way which would be the despair of those whose duty it is to develope the property, were it not for the great size of the bodies when found. On the south side of the gulch of Phoenix I venture to affirm that the mountain was originally divided by a strong dyke of fine-grained felsite, which crops out boldly in the railroad cut where it crosses the Victoria claim, and is traceable for 4,000 feet to the south, crossing the _3Stna and disappearing on the War Eagle. This dyke has not been cross-fissured by any subsequent geologic action, so far as can be observed by its appearance on the surface and at depths attained at present, or by the result of exploration with the diamond drill which has penetrated it for several hundred feet at various depths and different directions from the westerly side. It seems to me probable that on both sides of this main dyke, which forms a sort of wall, and for a thousand feet or more to the east and to the west, the limestones originally overlying the granite, shattered by innumerable disturbances and cross-fissured by secondary intrusions, have been mineralised and entirely altered by the solutions following up the main igneous dyke and spreading, until nowhere that I could observe was the limestone left unaltered, so practically all of the original limestone that was not eroded has been mineralised to a greater or less extent. There is everywhere a notable quantity of calcite, a secondary re- deposit of the lime. To the east of the dyke which divided the Phoenix hill the same general characteristics are noted which I have outlined above, being observed on the Gold Drop and Snowshoe claims, and on the Monarch, except that on the Knob Hill, Ironsides, and otherly westerly claims there is a large altered oxidized zone, in which the copper is carried by magnetic iron oxide, while on the easterly side the iron cap is not so extensive. The Ore.—I have already stated that the ore of the mines on the north side of the gulch of Phoenix is said to contain on an average 38 per cent.' of silica, 16 per cent, of oxide of iron, 15 per cent, of lime and 4^ per cent, of sulphur, there being little change between the surface and lower ores so far as the chief constituents are concerned. This is a'bout the composition of the lower ore from the south side, although many other conditions are distinctly different. The upper ores are largely oxidized and, as stated, consist of massive magnetic iron ore carrying copper sulphide and gold ; this surface ore changing at an average depth of perhaps 25 feet to ore more nearly resembling that of the Brooklyn the iron being largely combined with sulphur, or ses- quioxide, rather than in the higher oxidized form. By mixing these surface ores with those from lower levels ah ideal mixture is obtained, enabling the furnaces to produce directly a 45 to 50 per cent, copper matte, carrying practically all of the gold and silver which the ore contains. I have said something about the characteristics of these ore deposits at or near Phoenix, but nothing concerning the quantity of ore which may be depended upon. Of course "available" ore depends on cost of treatment and price of its valuable constituents. With adequate railroad freights and fair charges for coke it is probable that there are reasonably in sight in the Phoenix camp to-day several million tons ot ore, which with copper at 12^ cents per pound could be treated successfully. In Deadwood camp the ore de-' posits are also enormous, averaging over 130 feet wide and so situated that surface working can be prosecuted by quarry, a single drill dislodging a train load of ore in a day. But the problem of mining the lower levels or all these mines without excessive cost of timber or the permanent abandonment of one-half or one-third of the ore, necessarily left in pillars, must be causing serious thought. The tonnage that can be extracted from the Mother Lode is also up in the high figures, and cheap smelting a welcome fact. There have been numerous published guesses as to- the grade of these Boundary creek ores, and this, after all is the vital point from which all the others depend. On the north side of the Phoenix ravine the large amount of ore developed is estimated to run about 1.80 per cent, copper, $2.40 per ton in gold, and 25 cts. per ton in silver. The workable ores from the south side of the Phoenix ravine contain on an average copper 1.70 per cent., gold $i.6o and silver 33 cents per ton. The ore from the easterly side of the main dyke, dividing the Phoenix camp, as represented by the Snowshoe, Gold Drop, etc., probably runs by the car load, as shipped, about 1.60 per cent, of copper, $1.50 in gold and 30 cts. in silver. The run of the mines in the Greenwood camp, as shown by the smelter returns, is probably 1.60 per cent, of copper, $1.80 in gold, and 50 cents silver. I may say that I have had unusual opportunities for ascertaining what are the facts. In arriving at these figures I have not been obliged to depend on statements of managers. The entire product of the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Co., and of the British Columbia Copper Co., passed through the hands of my firm, Ledoux & Co., and from the freight records it is readily ascertainable from how many tons of ore came the matte and blister copper which we have handled. The statements given me of ore mined tally with those of the railroad company representing ore delivered to the smelters, and the statements of the superintendent as to the grade of this ore tally closely with those figured from the copper matte handled by us in New York, checked again by my personal investigations on the spot. I was accorded every facility in several cases both for ascertaining the ore in sight and the relative assays of the product from different claims. The Granby Co., especially, has kept complete records of all shipments from each claim, not only because this was a proper, business policy, but because prior to the recent consolidation of the various interests now included in the Granby Co., the Knob Hill, Ironsides, Victoria, and other claims, were owned by separate corporations, so that it was necessary to render separate statements of the ore shipped from each claim. It may therefore be taken as a safe estimate that the very large amount of ore available in the Boundary district will vary from 25 pounds to 35 pounds of copper per ton of 2,000 pounds, with from 25 cts. to 40 cts., of silver per ton, and from $1.50 to $2.50 per ton in gold. It may be stated that there are some mines, like the B. C., near Eholt, whose ores as shipped contain considerably more copper than the above, but the figures I have given are well within the limits for the average. Costs.—Next to the quantity and grade of ore, the all-important question is, how cheaply can the values from these Boundary ores be extracted and marketed ? I may say that one of the objects of my last visit was to enable me to assure prospective buyers of the product of the smelters that they could safely depend upon the tonnage contracted for, and need not fear a sudden stoppage from lack of ore. There had been various rumours prevalent in New York, such as that only the THE MINING RECORD. 213 surface ores were being mined ; that these surface ores were richer than those lower down ; that when depth was attained costs of mining would prohibit shipments ; that the costs of mining were necessarily excessive considering the grade, because the ore was sorted by hand ; that only surface ores were self-fluxing, etc. It is easy to disprove the statement that only surface ores have been treated, because the records at the smelters show from what portion of the working, as well as from what particular claims, shipments were made. For instance take the Knob Hill mine as an example. During the year there were mined : From the surface 6 per cent. " " 200-foot level 57 " " " 250-foot level 19 " " ". 300-foot level 18 " 100 " Taking the Ironsides and Knob Hill together for the years 1900 and 1901, the figures show that 74 per cent, was from below ground and 26 per cent, from surface ore, varying with the time of year. In the summer time a great deal more ore was taken from-surface workings than from beneath ; in the winter time surface mining was largely interrupted. The cost of mining these large ore bodies in the Boundary has varied from $1.66 per ton to $2.10 per ton, the first mentioned figure being the more recent. It is a difficult problem, as I have already hinted, and the one uncertain element in the prosperity of this district, how to handle the very large ore bodies without the risk of caving and ruining the mine, on the one hand, or the necessary employment of excessive amounts of timbering, or leaving in the mine large blocks of pay ore as a support. The management of the companies have been studying the problem and the Granby Co. have commenced ore handling with steam shovels, and propose to still further decrease the cost of mining by stripping from the surface down to the present level of the railroad track, and by the introduction of the caving system for lower workings. Smelting Costs.—It has been seen that cost of mining in the district, even with high wages to miners, is very low, the conditions being most favourable. I come now to the all-important statement of these smelting co s. The Boundary ore being self-fluxing, indeed rather . basic in character, allows the admixture of a certain quantity of silicious ores from the Republic camp or other districts whose ores carry gold and silver, and the sulphur being low permits of smelting without preliminary roasting. With the advent of railways from the south the Boundary smelters can procure more dry silicious ores at profitable rates. It may also be stated at this point that the freedom of the ores from bismuth, arsenic and antimony, renders it easy to obtain a ready market for the copper product. In considering the cost of smelting it is also neces- srry to take into account the losses in slag and otherwise. I was allowed to sample the slag dumps and to take portions of weekly slag samples which had been preserved in the laboratory. Before the establishment of bessemerizing the slag loss of the Boundary smelters averaged copper 0.46 per cent., gold 12 cents per ton, and silver 3 cents per ton. With a consumption of about 11 per cent, of coke, and with freight charges as they exist to-day the cost of smelting at the most favourable location in the Boundary district, after charging against the smelter the cost of marketing the product must be considerably over $2.00 per ton. Adding the present cost of mining, the total outlay for mining and smelting must be less than $3.66 per ton. With the introduction of caving and steam shovefs at mines, and the bessemerizing at smelters ; with further reductions in cost of freight and fuel, sure to come with or without the advent of competing railways, I unhesitatingly affirm that the copper ores of Boundary should be mined, smelted, and their contents marketed with profit at 12 cents in New York, and as railway extensions make other ores available that can be purchased cheaply, the profit should increase. But there must always be, as elsewhere, many shipping mines too small to justify their own individual smelters and mutual cooperation and a broad business policy should allow them all to prosper. COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. CANADIAN GOLDFIELDS SYNDICATE. AT the meeting held last month the directors submitted the following report :— During the year 1901, mining in British Columbia was carried on under most trying conditions, namely : Serious labour troubles, excessive freight and treatment charges on lead ores, and the remarkable fall in price of both lead and copper. That the industry has been able to survive these troubles and difficulties, is but an additional proof of the wonderful extent and richness of the mineral deposits of that Province. In December, 1900, the English price of lead was £18 per ton. The present price is £10 16s. or considerably below the average price of the last twenty years. Present indications are that the price will again advance within the next few'months. One great drawback to the profitable mining of silver and lead ores, has been the fact that the smelters charged an excessive freight and treatment rale, and shipped all of the smelter product out of the country to be treated in foreign refineries. The Dominion government have recognised the burden under which the industry was labouring, and have gained a measure of relief (altogether too little in my opinion) in the way of a bounty for the production of pig lead from ores mined and smelted in Canada, extending over a period of five years. This has induced the C. P. R. to begin the erection of a lead refinery in connection with their smelter at Trail, B. C, which they expect to have ready for operating about the middle of May, 1902. The British Columbia smelters have announced a reduction in freight and treatment charges of from $3 to $4 per ton on silver-lead ores, taking effect January 1st, 1902. It will thus be seen that the situation has materially brightened within the past few weeks. I confidently expect to see it still further improved and expect in the early spring to see the St. Eugene concentrator operating to its full capacity, earning dividends for the stockholders of the St. Eugene Consolidated Mining Company, Limited, in which the Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, are interested to the extent of 640,000 shares. In spite of the adverse conditions referred to, we have been able to pay our stockholders two dividends or three per cent, each during the year 1901, amounting to $35,746.68 These dividends were earned before the price of lead went down to the present low figure. Slocan Sunset.—The bond on the Sunset property, near Whitewater, B. C, which was taken in June, 1900, was thrown up on March 31st, 1901. Continuous development work had been carried on in the interval and about 53 tons of high-grade ore was taken out and shipped. The ore was very bunchy and finally pinched out, so the bond was thrown up. It is to be regreled that the Sunset property in no way justified the report made by the company's mining engineer. His connection with our company ceased on April 1st, 1901. Commonwealth Group.—But little work was done on the Commonwealth group during 1901. Owing to the adverse conditions previously referred to I deemed it advisable to curtail our operations. A tunnel was driven 126 feet on the Commonwealth vein ; a new trail made to the upper workings and a comfortable cabin 16 x 20 feet, erected near the mouth of the upper tunnel. The new tunnel cut through the top of an ore chute about 40 feet long and from 2 to 4 feet wide, of a good grade of ore, but the tunnel had not reached the ore chute towards which it was being driven, when work was suspended for the season. The Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, own 406,000 shares cut of the 700,000 issued shares of the Commonwealth Mines, Limited, leaving 800,000 shares still in the treasury of the company. The True Blue.— Work on the properties of the True Blue Copper Mines, Limited, near Kaslo, B. C, has been steadily carried on since March, 1901, with very gratifying results A good ore chute of very high-grade copper ore, is now being opened up on two levels. The pay or chute in the upper level is 16 inches wide but on the intermediate level it has widened out to 4 feet. The crosscut tunnel has intersected the vein on the third level showing it to be 15 feet wide, but the ore chute has not yet been reached. The cabins on the property have been repaired and put in good condition ; a large ore-sorting house has been erected at the mouth of the lower tunnel ; a new J!i| j! I trail has been mad 214 THE MINING RECORD. from the property to Kaslo, and four of the claims have been surveyed and applications filed for Crown grants Two car loads of high-grade copper ore are now en route to the smelter, and the smelter returns will be known within a few days. There are at least ten car loads of similar high-grade ore blocked out in sight. All of this has been accomplished on an expenditure of $7,500 of which the Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, has only furnished $5,000, the balance being the proeeeds of the sale of 50,000 shares of True Blue stock to the business men of Kaslo. Further development work should be done on the True Blue group, as the property is now one of proved merit. I believe that our investment in the True Blue Copper Mines, Limited, will not only recoup us for our loss in the Slocan Sunset, but will make us a substantial profit. It will be necessary, however, to have further funds to carry on the work in order to put the property on a paying basis, but the present good showing of ore apparently justifies going on with the work. As soon as the returns have been received from the ore now en route to the smelter, an opportunity may be presented the stockholders of the Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, to purchase shares of the True Blue Copper Mines, Limited, at 5 cents per share, to the amount of 250,000 shares. This would provide a fund of $12,500 which will be spent exclusively on the further development of the True Blue group and I believe will result in putting that property in a position to justify the erection of an serial tram and the beginning of regular shipment. The aerial tram would result in a saving of about $4 per ton in the marketing of the True Blue ore. It will be remembered that the True Blue Copper Mines, Limited, is incorporated.under the laws of British Columbia with an authorised capital of $150,000, divided into 1,500,000 shares of a par value of 10 cents each. Of this about 750,000 shares have already been issued leaving 750,000 shares still in the treasury of the company, The Canadian Goldfields, Limited, own 390,000 shares, or little over 50 per cent, of the issued capital of the company. It is highly desired that the Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, and their friends should continue to hold control of the Tiue Blue Company, so as to direct its management and protect our large valuable interest. Sunset No. 11.—No work was done on this group of properties during 1901. I am of the opinion that an arrangement can be made with English capitalists to take over our Rossland properties, forming an independent company with ample working capital. I am working on the details of such a plan and in a short time will submit the whole matter to your consideration. Jennie and Eldon. —No work has been done on either of these claims during 1901. St. Eugene Consolidated Mining Co., Lid.—Our holdings in this company still stands at 640,000 shares of the par value of $1.00 each. Owing to the low price of lead, and the fact that none of the Canadian smelters could handle the output, the St. Eugene concentrator was only operated for about five months in 1901. During that time about 11,000 tons of silver lead concentrates were shipped, mostly to Antwerp. The St. Eugene Consolidated has paid two dividends amounting to $210,000 and at the end of their financial year had a cash balance on hand of $125,359.67. The Canadian Goldfields Syndicate, Limited, received $38,400 in dividends from the St. Eugene Consolidated ; while our holdings in that company only cost us $145,448.23. It will thus be seen that the investment was a highly profitable one, as it yielded us a return on our investment of over 25 per cent, for 1901. Development work has been steadily carried on all through the year, and there are now over 200,000 tons of ore blocked out in sight in the mine. A shaft has been sunk for a distance of one hundred and forty feet (or over sixty feet below the level of Moyie lake), and there is no water to bother or interfere with the work. A level is being driven 125 feet below the collar of the shaft and in a short time the big ore chutes already opened up in the tunnels above, will be developed on this new level. This will practically double the amount of ore in sight. These ore chutes have already been proved to a depth of 300 feet by diamond drills, so it is merely a question of doing the work to block out the ore. The St. Eugene Consolidated continues to justify the claim made for it—that it it is one of the biggest lead mines in the world. The concentrator has been still further improved so that it now has a capacity of 425 tons a day. Owing to the improved conditions it is confidently expected that the St. Eugene Consolidated will resume shipments at an early date. YMIR SOLD MINES, LTD. The report of the directors of the Ymir Gold Mines, Ltd., for 1901, submitted at the meeting on the 6th prox., stated that, after charging against revenue .£2,345 f°r development, and writing off £3,578 for depreciation on machinery, etc., a net profit of £45,232 has been realised, which, added to the balance brought forward, makes a total of £86,201. Of this amount £40,000 has been distributed in dividends, £2,542 is absorbed in income tax and directors' commission and the balance £43,659, has been expended upon developments, machinery and other capital expenditures. During the year 69,505 tons of ore were treated, which, added to 35 tons of crude ore shipped direct to the smelters produced a net average value of $7.96 per ton, as against $8.88 in 1900 thus showing a decrease of 92 cents per ton, of which 41 cts. was due to the fall in the prices of silver and lead and 51 cents to the grade of the ore. It will be satisfactory to observe that this slight reduction in the grade of the ore treated has been practically offset by a saving in the working expenses in spite of the fact that the freight and smelting charges have been somewhat higher. As the small rich bodies of carbonate ore found in No. 1 level have now become exhausted, it follows that the average grade of the ore becomes somewhat reduced. The engineer, however, reports that it is probable that other rich bodies will be met with as the 4th and lower levels will be opened up. Adopting a very conservative basis of calculation Mr. Fowler estimates the ore reserves actually opened up at the end of the year at 134,000 tons. Owing to the satisfactory results obtained from working the small cyanide plant the installation of a large .plant sufficint for treating the whole of the tailings from the mill was proceeded with, and this plant commenced operations on the 6th March last. It is fully expected that substantial profits will be derived from this source—the tailings hitherto having been a waste product. The policy of the board has always been directed to the introduction of every possible means for reducing the working expenses of the mine, and Mr. Fowler, in his report, recommends the carrying out of further works, which should have a very beneficial effect on the revenue. The directors consider that they are fully justified in carrying out these important recommendations now that the vein has been proved at a depth of i,coo feet, and for this purpose they propose to increase the capital by 20,000 shares. This additional capital will enable these and other economies to be effected without depriving the shareholders of the direct benefit of the profits as they are earned. ST. EUGENE CONSOLI The following is a statement of the finan covering the operations for the year ended ASSETS. Mines and mineral claims Cash in Banks— Bank of Toronto (Rossland) " " (Toronto) DATED. cial affairs of this company, 30th September, 1901 : $3,200,000 00 105,741 45 4,093 00 Machinery, buildings and equipment- Compressor plant Boiler plant Concentrator plant Air lines Tramways Machine drills and fittings Mine buildings Offices and other buildings Flumes Cars and rails N3.9S4 24 6,477 57 42,862 88 11,693 24 11,911 31 5>121 97 . 14,440 15 13,698 68 19,708 78 10,135 86 Stores on hand Toronto office furniture Accounts receivable Capital stock discount.. LIABILITIES. Capital stock Accounts payable— War Eagle Con. M. & D. Co T. G. Blackstock $2,145 97 4,375 00 Profit and loss PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. To Cost of mining and development— Labour and supplies $213,129 95 Compressor labour 5,090 16 Compressor supplies 7,309 06 Machine drills and fittings 7,492 3° Tramway expense 5,411 41 Salaries 8,106 64 Office expense 2,388 01 Assay office expense 1,825 93 Surveying 1,18079 Concentrator expense 34,236 93 Sundry expense 1,628 93 To Amount written off for depreciation— In plant, etc , To Travelling expenses Interest and exchange Legal expenses Mine accidents Taxes Insurance Consulting engineer's fees Auditor's fees Trail smelter examination expenses Managing director's salary Capital stock discount 109,834 45 150,004 68 27,168 41 307 23 10,465 87 134,100 00 53,631,880 64 ^3,500,000 00 6,520 97 125,359 67 $3,631,880 64 287,889 86 20,019 I2 511 5° 2,522 70 436 88 113 00 12,210 02 1,185 5° 1,100 00 155 00 2,670 79 4,375 o° 14,900 00 $384,962 80 THE MINING RECORD. 215 To Dividends Nos. I and 2 $210,000 00 Balance carried forward 125,359 67 By Balance brought forward .. Ore sales (20,020 tons) Rents Transfer fees 335,359 67 $684,322 47 124,909 03 556,040 11 3,351 58 21 75 $684,322 47 LEGAL .DECISIONS AFFECTING THE MINING TRY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. (Specially "Contributed.) 1NDUS- MANLEY V. C IN this case it was held on appeal to the Full Court, affirming Mr. Justice Walkem (Mr. Justice Drake dissenting) that the defendant who knew of error in the description of compass bearing, and issue •of certificates of work of a mineral claim, and who, on failing to effect a purchase of the claim in dispute located the same ground, and having obtained certificates of work applied for a Crown grant, was not misled by the errors in description, as he knew where the claim was, and that the irregularities in plaintiff's title were cured by section 28 of the Act. That section is the important one, enacting that certificates of work are to be deemed conclusive. There is some doubt as to what irregularities this section will cover, or under what circumstances it may be invoked. CALLAHAN V. GEORGE. This case decided in 1898 was recently reported. It is to the effect that the marking out of mineral claims by using mounds of stone instead of legal posts 4 feet high and 4 inches square, as required by the Act, is not a sufficient compliance1 with the Act. That the posts intended are wooden stakes or posts of the dimensions required, and any other mode of marking out the claim is calculated to mislead. That the system of wooden posts has been universal in the Province for 30 years, and prospectors naturally look out for posts. That although the requirements of the Act may be imperfectly carried out, the courts will not permit the formalities and restrictions imposed by the Act to be abolished and others substituted. BLEEKIR ET AL V. CHISHOLM ET AL. Is an old case recently reported. It holds that, as in the last case, the pr ovisions of the Act as to location are imperative, and a location where the location line was not placed as near as possible on the line of the ledge or veins was held bad, as against another claim covering the ■same ground. Cato. LARDEAU DEVELOPMENTS. ' By J. McLennan, A.R.S.M. AVERY hopeful feeling prevails in the Lardeau as regards the prospects for the coming summer, this feeling being based mainly upon the rapidly approaching completion of the Lardeau railway, which will greatly modify the conditions hitherto existing in the district. Work on this branch has continued steadily (though with a reduced force of men) throughout the winter, and there now only remains about six weeks work in order to extend the line to Gerrard, at the foot of Trout lake. It is expected that trains will be running before the middle of May and a steamer will then be put on the lake to make connection with Trout Lake City. The C. P. R. Co. in the fall of last year built a freight shed at this latter point to accommodate the ore produced during the winter, and two temporary buildings have since been erected the first having proved of insufficient capacity. Altogether about 900 tons of ore are now lying at Trout lake and of this the Silver Cup mine is responsible for about 700 tons and the Nettie mine for the remainder. These two properties are the only ones which have yet shipped any ore during 1902, but small forces of men have been kept at development on several other claims in the district. The Lardeau Smelting and Refining Co. has erected a small smelter close to the town of Ferguson. The plant, which is the first of its kind erected in British Columbia, was built by the Vulcan Smelting and Refining Co. of San Francisco, and is now practically completed and ready for operation. It consists of a 26-inch water jacketed furnace of a smelting capacity of about 30 tons per day, and presenting several novel features of construction. The most important points of difference from other plants, is in the method of producing the draught, and in the movable crucible employed. The upper part of the furnace is supported on transverse beams and does not come in contact with the crucible, which is entirely separate and movable on rails so that it can be quickly taken out and replaced by another when any repairs become necessary. The truck supporting the crucible is provided with screw-jacks by which it may be raised or lowered bodily. The draught is an induced one, being produced by the admission of a steam jet into the bottom of the flue which goes off from the top of the furnace, the suction being such as to draw in air through the annular space above the crucible and through the smelting charge in the furnace. By varying the amount of steam admitted, and also the space between the crucible and the rest of the furnace it is claimed that perfect control can be exercised over the smelting operations. The volume of air admitted being large and heated by passing over the molten matter in the crucible before entering the smelting zone of the furnace, gives rise to conditions favourable for pyritic smelting, i.e., the ores need not necessarily be roasted before charging into the furnace. A thirty horse-power boiler is provided for the generation of the steam necessary, and a complete assay outfit has also been installed. This practically completes the equipment as it stands at present, no crushing or sampling machinery being yet arranged for. It was expected that the furnace would have been blown in immediately on completion of the plant, but this has not yet been done and operations have been suspended until summer. The reasons given for the delay, are the difficulties in the way of procuring suitable fluxes, especially limestone, with snow on the ground. The question of fluxes indeed does not appear to have been given due consideration before the smelter site was decided on, but it is to be hoped that the difficulty will be overcome :when the snow is gone, and that the plant will then have a fair trial. Very conflicting opinions are expressed as to the probable success or non-success of the scheme, but there seems little doubt but that if properly managed, much of the medium grade pyritic ore of the district can be profitably treated. Whether it can successfully compete with the larger outside smelters in the treatment of the high grade lead ores, however, remains to be seen, and is by no means certain. -During the last few days it is reported that the Silver Cup mine owned by Sunshine, Ltd., has been sold to Mr. W. B. Pool and associates. The price involved is not known, but is believed to have been considerable. Rumours of the sale of the Triune mine are also current, but nothing definite can yet be learned of this. CORRESPONDENCE. WILD-CATTING AND GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. To the Editor B. C. Mining Record. SIR :—I have been a subscriber to the Mining Record for some years and have noted that you are always ready to right what is wrong. There is one matter which I consider affects the mining interests of British Columbia is very wrong. I refer to wild-catting. Anyone that has lived in any mining district for a few years in British Columbia, can state numbers of cases where companies have been started and good money been thrown away and nothing got out of it, simply because outsiders have beerrfoolish enough to put in their money on the say-so of some smooth talker. But there are promising prospects in the Province which would in many cases develop into mines, and whil the wild-catter can obtain money in driblets, on account of these wild- catting practices it is difficult to secure sufficient capital for legitimate enterprises. Now, I should like to know why the government should not devise some method of protecting the public against wild-catters by the appointment (say) of inspectors in each district who would issue monthly reports in which the extent of development work and the nature of the ore body on all claims within their territory would be described. The public could then compare promoters' statements with official returns and be thus enabled to form reasonably correct conclusions. Anything rather than this everlasting fleecing of the public. There are hundreds of good honest prospectors in this Province who have good showings, and I am sure they would be happy to see something done in this matter and the sooner the better. I am sure it would be appreciated if you would invite people who are interested in the welfare ot the country to express their opinions on the lines of my suggestion, through the Mining Record. Keremeos, B. C. Prospector. LOCAL TREATMENT OF ZINC ORES. To the Editor B. C. Mining Record. SIR :—A paragraph appeared lately in British Columbia newspapers relative to shipment of zinc ore from this Province to Belgium for treatment. Why cannot this ore be treated within the borders of British Columbia ? In Europe there are several forms of furnace in use for the extraction of zinc from its ores, and among these may be mentioned the following.: 1. The English furnace, which is now seldom used, because of the expense of working. 2. The Belgian process, which is a fairly satisfactory method, and one largely used on the continent of Europe. 216 THE MINING RECORD. 3. The Silesian process which has some important points of superiority, as compared with other methods. By the English process 50 tons of coal are required to extract two tons of metallic zinc from five tons of ore. In the Belgium process less fuel .is required, to yield the same amount of zinc. The Silesian process requires about twelve tons of coal to produce one ton of zinc, the labour costing at the rate of about $15.00 per ton of zinc extracted. The Silesian furnace is quite simple in construction, being in the form of rather a flat arch, lined with fire brick, and bound together with iron rods. At each side of the furnace chamber are six or more alcoves or recesses, separated from one another by a slab of fire brick, but open on the side next the fire. In front of each recess, is a door opening towards the outside of the furnace, and securely luted with fire clay when the furnace is in use. At the rear end of the furnace is an opening into the flue or chimney, while below the furnace are compartments corresponding to each recess above, in which the tubes from the retorts terminate. The earthenware retorts have long tubes or "nozzles" attached to the front of each, and bending down to the compartments below the furnace where dishes are placed to receive the zinc that is distilled from the ore. Either " blende" or " calamine " may be treated in these furnaces, and the danger of loss of zinc is very slight. The ordinary charge for a twelve-retort furnace is about 700 lbs. of calcined ore and 400 lbs. of coal, to which is added 100 lbs. of dross skimmed from the zinc obtained in previous meltings. The retorts are filled and the refuse extracted from the outside, and a furnace can be kept in uninterrupted operation for a year without repairs. Zinc ore containing silver and lead can readily be treated in the Silesian furnaces, and there does not appear to be any reason why British Columbia zinc ores cannot be treated in the Province, and merchantable zinc obtained in sufficient quantity and of a quality to meet local demands. W. F. Best. JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES AND THE PUBLIC. To the Editor B. C. Mining Record. SIR :—The publicity of the operations of incorporated mining companies is greatly to be desired in this Province, without this it is not surprising that the public have so little taste for the investment of funds as a legitimate enterprise, in fact to judge by the laxity of B. C. mining stocks transactions, it appears that investment has narrowed down to manipulators and a few unsophisticated dabblers. The way many of our British Columbia properties have been handled has led many people who once invested considerable to leave mining stocks severely alone ; they have come to learn that if they are not on the directorate, or in close touch with the management, that it is no use venturing their capital. Now this state of affairs, for the good of the individual and for the country in general, should not be allowed to exist, and every measure taken to restore -confidence, as the management of public mining companies don't give to their shareholders, through the medium of any publication, a detailed account of their doings, and progress from time to time at short intervals, so as the shareholders can know how their own property is progressing. I maintain that the law should be enforced so as to compel the management to issue ot least monthly statements, say, to the mining recorders or gold commissioners in their respective districts, of all developments carried out and stating full particulars as to the width of ledge, if any, values, and any detail of interest. As undesirable as it may seem to have our mining laws altered, yet something must be done to inspire confidence in the business of legitimate mining, and protect the public who have and would invest in this same enterprise. In other countries, notably parts of Australia and Malay, where I have had facilities of judging and have been intimate with the working of this law, it has effected a decided revival in investment in mines on a good solid basis ; as there the fortnightly or monthly progress, as the case may be, in its entirety is published, under a strict penalty for falsification, consequently the investor can see and learn for himself exactly in what positien his stock and interests stand. He is kept keenly alive to the value and merits of his holdings and can govern himself accordingly ; likewise also the intending investing public, whether winning or loosing, have the satisfaction of at least knowing they had a fair and square transaction placed before them to go into. In this Province it is vastly different. A shareholder not residing in the vicinity of the mine he has invested in, which of course is as a rule practically' impossible in the majority of cases, cannot know the first thing of the merits and demerits of the mine as the development progresses, except by chance or a casual rererence to some, in some stray clipping, and whether authentic or not he can rarely find out, and fortunate is he who gets the scantiest information of the doings of most of the operating mines. What do you get in the papers as a rule published in that division ? Nothing, from month to month, and why, because the management gain nothing by giving publicity until probably they want to sell out and let the investing unsophisticated public in again, if it weren't that there are more fools born every day it would soon work its own remedy. Now to prevent this and what we want and must demand in this- Province, to restore confidence in our mines as investments (which cannot be denied there is a woful lack of), is an honest monthly or bimonthly report from the manager, to be returned to the recorder of his district under severe penalty for neglect or fraud, stating the progress- from last report of all development ; stating full particulars, width of vein, values, etc., and all information of value, ofall public and incorporated and operating mines. I should say legislation embodying a. clause compelling this return ought to be instituted and brought into operation and working order. This would eliminate or tend in a great measure to prevent the manipulation of stock to suit the inside ring at the expense of the public and a give the shareholder at least a chance to learn something of his own property, (which surely he has a right to) and could thereby govern himself, whereas at present in most cases he is woefully ignorant, and cannot obtain satisfactory information even by correspondence with th g. company's officials. The number of mines, or so-called mines, which have been so manipulated by the directorate whereby large profits are made at the expense of the investing and subscribing public who, by the way, are the very people that pay for this development and expense of operating, is very large and cases ever recurring and fresh in most of our memories. This, I maintain, can all be rectified in a good measure and an effort ought to be made, and at once, to bring the business of mining which is the mainstay of our Province, to a legitimate basis and encourage the further development of the vast mining resources of this Province, " with very little effort the honest publication of all these reports in the- reliable mining papers of our Province, would in due course restore public confidence afid cause a large inflow again of capital, which is the essential required for the development of one of our greatest resources. These reports so compelled to be sent in to the recorders would be eagerly collected by all the mining publications — which is the very thing they are continually after and cannot obtain, and published gladly enough too, and would be eagerly sought after by the multitude of investors who would then become conversant with their mines, operations and prospects, and not have to be continually groping in the dark, as at present, and chance, by sheer luck, to make anything out of his investment. There can be no possible objection by the honest operator to any measure enacted along these lines, and any objection that would be registered would be made by the manipulator, who operates his minesl to suit his own ends regardless of the public interests to the detriment of the whole industry and success of our Province, and he is just the very man we want to get alter and to stop his practices. W. A. Bauer. PATENT OFFICE REPORT. MR. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Patent- Attorney, Vancouver, sends us the following list of patents granted to British Columbians during the month of April : Messrs. Letson & Burpee, of Vancouver, a U. S. patent for improvements in S9ldering Machines. E. A. Marshall, of Granville street, Vancouver, a Canadian patent on an improved method of Sealing and Securing the Covers of Tars. This patent is adapted to the requirements of the potted fish and meats which Mr. Marshall is putting up in Vancouver for the British markets. G. A. Roedde, of Vancouver, a U. S. patent on Temporary Binder. A. D. Bentley, Vancouver, a U. S. patent on his Improved Ventilator for cooking vessels. As a matter of interest, the Siemens & Halske Electric Co., of Chicago, were the assignees of no less than 58 separate U. S. patents during one week, on Electric Meters, all by the same inventor. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. HOLMAN AIR COMPRESSORS. THE following description of an air compressor recently installed by Messrs. Holman Bros, of Camborne, Cornwall, at the Levant mine, St. Just, Cornwall, will be of interest to many of our readers, as this machinery is nearly identical with compressors of the same type supplied by this firm to the Lenora and Tyee companies of Mount Sicker. The new compressor consists of two high-pressure air cylinders, each 25 1-2 inches in diameter, with 5 feet stroke, one on the right hand side of the engine and one on the left hand, driven tandem from each side of a four-cylinder cross-triple expansion condensing engine. The high pressure steam cylinder is on the right hand, and the intermediate pressure on the left hand, with the low-pressure cylinders one behind each of these. The size of the steam cylinders high pressure is 17 inches in diameter, intermediate pressure cylinder 27 inches, and the two low pressures each 30 inches, all with a stroke of 5 feet. The fly-wheel is 17 1-2 tons weight, and is built up in two halves, and mounted upon a crank shaft made of Siemens-Martin steel. The condensing apparatus is of a vertical jet condensing type, driven through the medium of a rocking lever from the cross-head on one side of the engine. The engine is arranged to work either condensing or non-condensing, and to start in any position. The boiler perssure is 150 lbs. per square inch, air pressure 80 lbs. per square inch. The high THE MINING RECORD. 217 pressure and intermediate steam cylinders have Meyer's expansion gear adjustable by hand. The low pressure cylinders have each a single side valve of the trick type. To work the valve gear of this four cylinder steam engine there are only four eccentrics, making the engine one of the simplest with regard to the moving parts of the valve motion for an engine of this description. The whole thing is of massive construction, having been specially designed for the work intended. The total length of the compressor is about 60 feet 3 inches wide. There are two steam receivers (efficiently drained by steam traps), one between the H. P. and I.M.P. cylinders and the other between the I. M. P. and L. P. cylinders. The compressor is for compressing air for working machinery on the mine including rock'drills. The material and workmanship and finish of the engine is exceedingly high class. There are two Lancashire boilers, each 30 feet long by 7 feet diameter. The volume of free air this compressing engine will deal with is from 3,000 to 3,500 cubic feet per minute. THE PELTON WATER-WHEEL COMPANY. The Pelton Water-Wheel Company of San Francisco and New York have recently equipped the Sullivan Group Mining Co., of Marysville, B. C , with water-wheels to develop power for running their mines. The Pelton Company report numerous water-wheel plants installed by them recently in British Columbia and Alaska, among which might be mentioned plants furnished :—The Vancouver Engineering Works ; Enterprise Mines, Nelson, B. C.; Alaska-Treadwell Gold Mining Co., Douglas Island, Alaska ; Juneau Electric Light & Power Co., Juneau, Alaska; Payne Con. Mining Co., Cook's Inlet, Alaska ; Rambler- Cariboo Mines, Ltd., Kaslo, B. C, and several othersnearing completion at the company's shops. "MODERN METHODS." We are in receipt of a copy of Modern Methods Catalogue, No. 28, just issued by the Link-Belt Machinery Co., of Chicago, 111., illustrating and describing types of Link-Belt elevators and conveyors for handling any class of raw and manufactured product; link-belting, special carrier chains, sprocket wheels, rope sheaves, pulleys, shafting, shaft bearings, gearing, friction clutches and general mill supplies. This catalogue also fully describes the new continuous bucket electric elevator dredge, referred to in the March issue of the Mining Record. HAND AND POWER PUMPS. Messrs. Ramsey & Co., Ltd., of Seneca Falls, N. Y., have recently brought out a 53rd edition of their illustrated catalogue dealing with hand and power pumps, and hydraulic and pumping machinery" for all purposes. This edition is very handsomely bound in red and gold cloth and contains upwards of two hundred and sixty pages ol descriptive matter. 7,522.529 ozs 16.037.82 ozs. 715,716 lbs. gold at silver at copper a MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. ORE shipments from the Boundary district from January 1st to May 24th, 1902, have been distributed as follows :— Granby Mines, Phoenix ...... 138,412 Snowshoe, " , 660 Mother Lode, Deadwood 54,636 Winnipeg, Wellington 785 Golden Crown, " 625 No. 7 Mine, Central 310 Jewel, Long Lake 1,14° ROSSLAND. Le Roi returns for April : 26,093 tons of ore were shipped to the Northport smelter, containing 8,689 ozs of gold, 18,079 ozs. of silver and 706,224 lbs. of copper, gross value, $268,911 ; average value $10.30 per ton. Le Roi No. 2 : The manager cables, Rossland May 4th.—" Shipments last month amounted to 6,375 tons ; contents, 3,687 ozs. gold, 9,546 ozs. silver, 175 tons copper. Returns from ore after making deduction of all smelting charges amount to $66,333. Cost of-mining may be taken at $21,333. Profit for last month, $45,000 (equivalent sterling, £9,278)." SLOGAN. Ore shipments from the Slocan for the five months to end of May, aggregate approximately 12,500 tons, of this 1,800 tons has been mined in the Slocan City Division. LARDEAU. Shipments from this district for the year to the 17th May, have been I,H7>4 tons valued at $162,887. LE ROI — THE MINE MANAGER'S MONTHLY REPORT. The secretary of the Le Roi Mining Co., Ltd., has issued the manager's report for March as follows:—For the month ended 31st March the smelter gave the Le Roi mine credit for shipping 24,428 tons, dry-weight, containing gross values as follows :— Per ton. $20.00 =$150,450 or $6.13 ■ 50 = 8 821 or .36 .12 = 85,886 or 3.50 Lbs. Ozs. Au. Ozs. Ag. cu. wet. 7,522 16,038 7i5 4r6 3,83' 9,053 349,453 245,157 Average per ton $9 99 Mine Expenditure.—The expenditure for the month on mine account was $88,151. The cost of breaking and delivering ore on railroad cars for the month was $2.96, and the cost including all mine expenditure other than that charged to mine machinery and surface improvements, was $3.58. Northport Smelter.—The expenditure for the month was $227,125. The following statement will give details of ore received at smelter during the month and their contents :— Dry tons. Le Roi Mining Co 24,529 Public Ores 6,235 Total 40,764 ii,353 25,091 1,065,169 The tonnage treated during the month was as follows : Tons. Roasted ores 24 875 Raw ores, Re Roi 148 Raw ores, Le Roi No. 2 3,440 Raw ores R. G. W. Mines 404 Concent rates 57 Total 28,924 There were shipped during the month 15 lots of matte valued at $172,512. The estimated profit for the month on the gross value of the ore shipped from the mine was $244,997, equal to a value per ton of $9 99. From this deduct freight and treatment at $6 per ton, $147,172, leaves $97,825 ; which, less mine expenditure, $87,768, leaves a total estimated profit of $22,221 ; of which the estimated profit to mine is $9,- 957, and the estimated profit to smelter $12,264. LE ROI no. 2. Report for month ended 31st March :—The total tonnage of ore shipped from the mines amounted to 5,170.4 dry tons, which eame from the different stopes in quantities as follows :— IOSIE M NE. Tons. East stope, 200-ft. level, east 342 Annie stope, 500-ft. level, west 2,157 Sill floor, Annie chute, 600 west 360 Sill floor, Annie chute, 700 west 340.4 No. I stope, Poorman tunnel 678 No. 2 stope, Poorman tunnel 444 Poorman winze stope, east, surface tunnel 9 NO. 1 MINE. 4,330-4 Tons. . 66 West stope, 200-ft. level West stope, 200-300-ft. level 615 Intermediate, 300-400-ft. level 129 East drift from 300 drift west 30 840 ' GROSS VALUE IN THE 51,170.415 DRY TONS SHIPPED. 3,208.304 ozs. gold at $20.oo=$64,166,08 or $12.41 per ton. 8,269,960 ozs. silver at .54 1-8= 4,466.12 or .86 " 312,154,000 lbs. copper at .12 1-8=37,848.67 or 7.32 " Making the total gross value. .$106,480.87 On the average value per Ion $20.59 Stoping Operations.—Sill floors were commenced on the 600 and 700 foot levels of the Josie mine preparatory to commencing stoping operations on the Annie chute above these levels. The tonnage of ore extracted from these levels is shown above. OUTPUT. The output for the month averaged about 165 tons per day, being a slight increase over any previous month since the mine commenced shipments to the smelter. Review of operations for six months ended 31st March last:—The output has been maintained at an average of 155 tons of ore per diem. The grade of the ore has steadily improved during the past six months, and notwithstanding the fall in price of copper the grade of ore has been such that a profit of $5.44 a ton has been realized, which can be considered satisfactory, since the fall in the price of copper represents a loss of $2.00 a ton when compared with earnings during the year ended 30th Sept., 1901. All machinery, both on surface and underground, has been maintained in first-class order, and is capable of being worked 218 THE MINING RECORD. to full capacity. The mine is in good condition, all the workings being in first-class order. Operations during the past six months ha.ve shown that, as the stopes were opened up, larger bodies of ore have been revealed than were anticipated at the commencent of the year. RECENT DIVIDENDS. Among the more recent dividends paid by British Columbia mines are those of the North Star, which declared an eighth dividend of i^ cents per share, and the Rambler-Cariboo which has paid four dividends of I eent. per share already this year, or altogether about $148,- 000. Tbe North Star has now paid in profits to its shareholders $373,000. The Ymir Mines, Ltd., distributed a dividend in March, the total distribution being thus swelled to $280,000 ; the Sunset mine in the Slocan paid a thiid dividend of $6,000 in April, and the Crow's Nest a ten per cent, dividend. THE METAL MARKET. BUSINESS during the month has been fairly satisfactory. The low price of silver has brought out orders and steadied the market. The metal is now quoted in New York at 51 % to 51^. Copper islirm, American manufacturers being very busy, while in Europe business is improving. It is meanwhile reported that the large producers have sold their product for the near future, and it is believed that buyers have not yet filled their entire requirements. Prices have consequently improved, Lake copper being quoted at 12J-6 to 12^ ; electrolytic at n% to 11^6 and casting copper at \\% to u^i- The lead markets have also been active, although there is little change in prices, which are quoted at 3.97^ @ 4.05, St. Louis; 4.05 ©4.10, New York. London quotations, however, are slightly higher, at from £11, 15s. to £11, 18s. 6d. Spelter is quoted at 5.15 St. Louis, 4.35 New York. T THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. HE market this month has been less active and few transactions are reported. The sensational fall in Le Roi shares appears to have discouraged local speculation in Rossland mines to a considerable extent and Centre Star declined.to 32, but since recovered to 39. Cariboo-McKinney is very weak at 20 asked, 17 bid, while St. Eugene is quoted as low as 51, and Sullivan has declined from 9^ to 7}b- Crow's Nest, however, has again advanced and is quoted at $1.25, while North Star has.also risen several points. Fairview cor poration having recently sold as high as 6, and Dominion Consolidated at 6J^. There have also been deahngs in Winnipeg at 4^ and 5. Republic camp securities have fallen considerably, but upon the completion of the branch line of the. Great Northern railway in the course of the next few weeks a rapid recovery is expeeted. Of Slocan stocks American Boy has been in great demand and has sold from 6 to 6'^ ; Dardanelles at 3 to 3^ ; Rambler-Cariboo has sold during the mouth as high as 86, but in consequence of the snow- slides in the vicinity ot the mine the management decided to suspend operations for a period and this has caused the stock to decline to 81 asked and 75 bid. Some movement in Mount Sicker stocks has taken place and owing to the erection of two smelters the outlook for this camp is very bright. Provincial Secretary's Office. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been p'eased to make the following appointment:— May ioth, 1902. Peter Herman, of Port Essington, Esquire, to be a Deputy Mining Recorder for the lower portion of the Skeena Mining Division, with sub- recording office at Port Essington. Mineral Act Amendment Act, 1898. Notice is hereby given that under the provisions of 143 of the Mineral Aqt, His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has eeen pleased to make the following order : That paragraph two of section 5 of the Mineral Act Amendment Act, 1898, be so interpreted that should any free miner perform assessment work on his claim during any one year to the value of one hundred dollars or more in excess of the amount required to be done in any one year by the Mineral Act, the right thereby given such free miner of recording a certificate of the work done to the value of each one hundfed dollars, so as to cover his assessment work for an additional year in respect of each one hundred dollars in excess, shall be exercisible only at the time of record of the certificate of work in respect of the amount required to hold the claim during the year in which such excess shall be performed. And it is further ordered that this Order shall come into force on the first day of June, 1902. J. D. PRENTICE, Clerk Executive Council. Provincial Secretary's Office, 15th May, 1902. WANTED Assayer and Chemist ot many years experience desires' "cal comp Apply B. C. Mining versity graduate ; speaks Spanish ; understands bookkeeping-. Record, Victoria, B. C. Michigan School of Mines. unusual facilities. Dii An Engineering School with unique location, giving it ...,,,.,,n>. , ■. tinctive methods of instruction. Special courses. Field and laboratory courses in regular summer term. For catalogue giving list of graduates and their occupations. Address, F. W. McNAIR, Pres., Houghton, Mich. J. 0. HARRON, President. THOS. RICKARD, 1st Vice-Pres. Formerly of Parke & Lacy Co. HARRON, RICKARD & McCONE, 21-23 Fremont St., San Francisco. Machinery | Merchants. We are at the same place and carry the same stock of Mine and Mill Machinery and Supplies As was handled by PARKE & LACY COMPANY, And we have added thereto other lines. Particularly Electric Generators and Motors. Write for Catalogues. In writing, mention this paper. A. J. McCONE, 2nd Vice-Pres. of Fulton Bngine Works, Los Angeles and Fulton Foundry, Virginia City. THE MINING RECORD. LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF MAY. < Prepared by A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. C. Companies. Week Ending Saturday, May. 10. Week Ending Saturday, May 17. Week Ending Saturday, May. 24. Week Ending Tnes< May 27. lay, Highest. lowest. Highest. Lowest Highest.. Lowest. Highest. Low 'est. CO a X « a S H3 M tn CO •0 9 M DQ <i JO 19 1 15 33 135 00 i 5 ' 17 io 24- 30 85 1 00 9# 7i3£ 1 5 50 3 00 15 1 00 29 120 00 2% 4 14 22 "27 82 "8 "i2K M 4 ' 4C 2 50 M < 2 m 3 13 s to ■d S M GO s ■d M od pi •a M CD 7* Brandon & Gld'n C Cariboo McKin'y. Cariboo Hydra'lic Centre Star Crow's Nest P. C. Dardanelles Fairview Corp'n.. $024 1 20 30 140 00 3i 5 5 "27 "20 25 '314 88 1 00 9J "i6j 2 5 50 3 15 $ 26 1 00 35 125 00 2i 2 i io "22K "m 86 8i "iii p m 40 2 90 f"22 1 25 36 135 00 3% 5 6 "18 "io "24K "27J^ 88 1 00 8K ii 1 5 50 3 15 ii 1 00 34 125 00 2i 2 i% 13 ?i9 1 00 35 125 00 3 4 5 17 8 ' 15 ' 90 30 120 00 2% 2 4 $ 21 1 15 34 130 00 3% 4 8 $ 18 1 00 33 122 00 2% 2A 5A S 1954 1 10 33 125 00 4 7 $ 15 90 31A 120 00 2 2 5 $ 21 1 15 40 130 00 3% 5 8 8 18 1 00 37 123 00 2} 2%. 6 9 20 1 00 38 125 00 3% 4 8 17 90 36K 120 00 2% 2 5% Iron Mask I X. L 12 20 13 . 16 12 16 13 16 13 Jumbo King (Oro Denero) Knob Hill Mollie Gibson .... Noble Five . North Star Old Ironsides Payne Rambler Slocan Star Sullivan Tamarac Kennetb Van Anda War Eagle St. Eugene 13 24 84 1 00 8£ 15 12 15 15 22 231 "24i 85 "8 "i2K i iK 45 2 90 26 24 24K 19M 83 1 00 8 23& 16 70 27 22 83 24M 17 18 26 22 81 24 17 75 20 25 87 1 00 9 20 82K 7 78 ""lA 7 10« 1 00 8 7 13 1 00 ia 12 14 1 VA 50 3 15 10 40 2 90 15 A 5A 51 3 15 12K 4J4 40 2 90 13 A 5J^ 51 3 00 4X 40 2 60 15 1 6 51 3 15 i% 45 2 90 15 %. 50 3 15 4 40 2 90 VI 'ILL 1AM A. BAl JER f I =:/ ^ rz] > O Tl "T t ™^. JDominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments'managed for absentees. Offices—FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B. C. j FOB, S^-HiIE. A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator, 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine. The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. L. PARNACOTT & CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Walthamstow, England, Beg to notify Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of Good Experienced Miners From several parts of the continent. One 12 in. x 30 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water-Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 4y2 x 2% x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD. RUSSELL, President, New Fairview Corporation, Fairview, B.C. TEL. 846. T. J. SMITH, P. O. BOX 43 ZMZIILSrillSrGr- BEOKEE. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C. WANTED. Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in British Columbia. Apply "A," Box 246, Victoria, B. C. 1 Mwrnig Cm, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. SEND FOR SAMPLf W. H. LEGG. Manager. THE MINING RECORD. City of Victoria. The metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian Northern'. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. iFlowers the year round. ■SCENERY — World - renowned. Unparalleled marine views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable pub- lie parks. BMWRO'NS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suburb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and .Lodging Houses; livery turn-outs at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLAC© OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. .Surrounding districts the sportsman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre of the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast, and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of 100 miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre ,of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C, will receive Prompt attention. RICHARD H. PARKINSON Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. \ FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Tlants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys, The National Banker, Chicago, Illinois Is recognised as the leading financial journal of the United States. In addition to its circulation among1 banks it reaches the leading business industries of the country. It reaches more private investors and capitalists than any publication in the U. S. It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the moneyed class of the country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in The National Banker. Any legitimnte enterprises can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal in the United States. Subscription price $1.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 and 86 La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at worl^ in British fJorth and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. Ktt Part* . ft*.***' * %wA® rd Sta*- uob nvtz & >0DllZ^«^ sco Tl>N co. Telegraphic Address : | Lobnitz, Renfrew." A1 Code used. THE MINING RECORD. The Future Smelting centre of the Northwest coast. Situated at Osborne Bay, on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, the terminus of the Lenora-Mount Sicker Railway. Lots will be placed on the market in a few days. For particulars apply to Lenora Mount Sicker Copper. Mining Company, Limited, Non-Personal Liability, MacGregor Block, Victoria. oturces © roftomi; A Modern Matting and Converting Plant for copper ores. A large Mining District in the immediate vicinity An Unrivalled Harbour with secure anchorage. The Terminus of the IVJount Sicker tramway. EAST KOOTENAY MINES AND MINING STOCK. coal, Petroleum and Timber and in British Columbia. McVITTIE & HUTCHESON, Cranbrook, East Kootenay, British Columbia. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Vancouver, B.C. Room 20, Bank of British North America, We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in ihe best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold-brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., Slocan, B.C. SEATTLE j&neHsing Refining Go. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver ; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrattor. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON B.C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT. j 1 Purchases COPPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED. We are open to act as Fiscal Agents in Boston and New England for the sale of the Treasury Stock of a good Mining Company Address with full particulars Edward Hedges & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. £10 REWARD Will be given to any person who will put Donald S i'ewart, i Smith Terrace, Wick, Scotland, N. B., in communication. with his brother, DAVID RUSSELL STEWART, who was last known to be in the Totumo Mine, Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward paid from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E C. THE MINING RECORD. THE EDWAI^j^^i^^^^^p^^S^SER- 'i^^^^fe"^^^^^^^^^^!RON:^^^p^^^p^^B^^^K--Tvl K^CO. $i?£$^'*MMwaukee,\Vis.':'3^ fg&9\ 7 Chicago, IM?|^,.^@g^^*^$"^yJi!S.cranton,P^S: 5.-*;2j; BUILDERS OF HIGH GRADE Mii\ii\£ Machinery IMPROVED FR.UE VANNER. We are, the manufacturers of the Genuine, Frue Vanner which is built with belts 4 feet and 6 feet 'wide. The mining public is fully aware that the Genuine Frue Vanner is particularly adapted to the concentration of finely crushed ores from stamps, pulverizers, grinders, etc. and is acknowledged by all to be the most efficient concentrator for this purpose. An impression exists -with some that the vanner is both a. difficult and expensive machine to operate. That this is a mistake is proven by a recent report received from the operation of the vanner room at the Tom Boy Gold Mines, Ltd., Telluride, Colo., -where the results obtained and the expense incurred go to prove that with good and careful attention, the machine is easily kept in proper working order at a very slight expense. We are prepared to furnish the regular plain endless rubber belts. Morse patent corrugated belts, or any other style or type of belts desired with the machines. There are 120 6-ft. Frue Vanners under one roof in the 300 Stamp Mill of the Alaska Treadwell Co. . NEWYOJ^|firo^^%eiildg. GENERAL ^.Hici? II8PVNHRP1 ^^^Sj)l2>first A^gv' ^^^^^37 MonigqmervSl. ^TT^JpiQiiaXaHe Ganle. ' libSD(ifefioS'l60 Dashwoort House. THE MINING RECORD. iiMCHiLMERW siirrF<isnD Tn -—■—■ ■— TME Ep\^Rp7rv^AELis;] : -lS*fwaukee,>vis^^^ CO. Chicago, m..:f||p|| sjv^^fchicago.IlL^^^^S sM^&H^ Scranton t Pa. CO. HI ■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■^ SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Brown Roasting Furnace %ASTff7W^4 tAuis-CffALM£*s Co. CHICAGO,U.5-A 'fe*fcw||27. SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Holthoff-Wethey ILoaLsting Furnace SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Jaccklirvg Roocstirvg Furnace AH Ores and Mattes in a pulverized condition which require roasting for subsequent metallurgical operations can be satisfactorily roasted in any of the above furnaces. Sizes, cost and other information cheerfully furnished. GENERAL, g^gFICEv ^BRANCH OFFICES:; THE MINING RECORD. HOLMAN BROS. c^^DvcBOEisr'H] ooKiisrvv^^XjiL. MANUFACTURERS OF Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery,W ■ THE HOLMAN Patent \Rock Drill Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition. Specially adapted B. C. Mining. Drills and Duplicate parts. Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc., IN STOCK AT Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. Awarded Gold Medal London 1899. Paris 1900. Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B. C. BENNETT'S FUSE CROWN BRAND. THE: KX3iTGr- OF FT7 The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE, is the POPULAR'FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal and the world over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING BECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA THE MINERAL PROVINCE OF CANADA. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Coal, Coke, Oil, Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines ot British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000. Amount and Value of Mineral Products for 1899, 1900 and 1901. Gold, placer... Gold, lode Silver Copper Lead Coal Coke Other materials. Customary Measure. Quantity. Ounces Pounds Tons, 2,240 lbs. 67.24S 138,315 2.936,4i3 7,722,591 21,862,436 1,306,324 34.251 Value h 1,344,90c 2,857.573 1,663,70b !>35'.453 878,870 3.918,972 •71,255 206,40c $12,393,131 1900. Quantity. 63,936 167,153 3.958,175 9,997,080 63.358,621 1.439.595 85.149 Value. $1,278,724 3,453,38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,691,887 4,318,785 425,745 251,740 $16,344,751 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. 43.204 227,696 4,685,718 30.736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 Value. $ 892,500 2,704,200 2,624,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587.630 673,800 309.030 $20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131 ; for 1900, $16,344,751 ; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have rendered the working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, _and_ has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of "poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and in the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. j HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts of money are being installed in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1900. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prosecuted in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir, Cariboo- McKinney, and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORBS are being extensively worked at Rossland by the Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone iu 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the province in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent., while the lead production increased 206 per cent., largely derived from properties in East Kootenay, rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. OOPPOKR.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this (branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost unlimited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Ooast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on the Ooast, in the Similkameen valley, etc.. give great promise. IRON.—With the great proba/bility of nai iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific 'Ooast in the immediate future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Ooast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development^ in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. GOAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19.234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of eoal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output-will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1,500 to 2,000 tons of coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal anid 51,757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. •SBMMLTBRS —In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, •Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda; while this coming year will probably see one erected in Bast Kootenay andtwo others on the Coast. Refineries are as yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. OAPlITAlL.—Capital can now find here many, excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper ! business care is used, and the experience of competent men utilized, these invest* ments should be safe as well as profitable. MOGMBRAL LANDS,—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can re easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information, reports, .bulletins, etc., address The Hon. The Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.G W. F. Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B.C. Tilfi MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS J 0. GWILLIM, B. Sc Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin district), six years' experience in B. C. mining: districts. BAKER STREET, - - NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B.C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P. O. Box 43. |§§ john redman, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j. m. McGregor, b.a. sc w. d. McGregor, m. e. MCGREGOR & CO., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS c, n/NAM D f\ and LAND SURVEYORS. OLUOAlM, D. \j. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing- assessment work, applying for Crown 'grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work.* W. A. BAUER, D.L.S., P.L.S. 6n Hastings St., Vancouver. A S. ASHCROFT,.D.L.S., P.L.S. Greenwood, B. C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. TUC V IWI I D 1^1 OT D I f^T Is beInS raPidly recognized inC T IVI I X\ UIO I r\ I W I as affording the best mining investments to be found in B. C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that or Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A W. MORE & CO., Ltd. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeill's, Moreing & Neal's, Clough's, and A. B. C, Fourth Edition. 86 GOVERNMENT STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, BSc. (McGILL), MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Cons^dting Engineer. Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. nst. of Mech. Eng. of England. Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Expert evidence given. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. B. H. HURST, Victoria, B. C. Correspondents on the Principal Exchanges of the World. Data," a .monthly Financial Paper, sent Free to any address upon application. A. Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of Ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. " Established 1864. Open all year. Send for circular. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. 1 McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. Horace G. Nlchols, A.R.S.M. Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 641. NELSON, B. C. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis. Prompt attention to samples by mail or exprres. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M. E. and C. E. B. A. Sc. McGil! University .''Montreal, Member Canadian.Society of Civil Engineers. - Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, ik^a^u*?*00 Hyd- Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address: "HOBSON" Ashcroft, B. C THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H E. T. HA ULTAIN, C. E CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, OFFICE: {S^S* Nelson, B. C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. Il M. N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F.G.S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON. CANADA Cable Address : "TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. GORE. J. h. McGregor. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters Block. VICTORIA £H5 NELSON. E. JACOBS^ Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. Books ot Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regu.ar.y Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. Helga Gold and Copper Mining Oo'y. ■ Mines situated in Vancouver, B.C., District. CAPITAL, $1,000,000. PAR VALUE, $1.00. Office, 75 Sullivan Building. V. R. PIERSON, President. J. A. FREEMAN, Secretai M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address: Phloxes, Nelson. A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell-Johnston, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. NELSON, B.C. A. H. HOLDICH, Analytical Chemist^ Metallurgist. Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal and Iron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. flEMABIlE ASSAYS. Gold $ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 Lead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper... 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO. 1429 16th St. DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, - KAMLOOPS, B. C Provincial Assayer. Hineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made ou Mining Properties Mad samples receive prompt attention. J. C. T. CROFTS, M. I. Mech. E. NELSON, B. O. Box 676. e£* gS* e£* IV[achinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. rPL^OSrs. IDR^WIIDTG-S- ESTIMATES. Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S.M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman, PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office an,d Ore Testing Worlds. Established 1890. Mill, Smelter, Concentration and Cyanide Tests. Reliable Reports on Mining Properties. Complete Analyses of Ores and Coal. Victoria Office: 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) WM. M. BREWER, MINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST., M. E. IVjolson's Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B. G. E. C. B. BAGSHAWE. REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MINING BROKER, % % Office: 42 Fort Street, VICTORIA, B. C. A. A. WATSON, B. Sc. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. O. Analyst and Mineralogist. Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia, South America, England and British Columbia KW SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL, m Mining and Surveying Instruments. Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List. P. & R. WITTSTOCK, Berlin S. 59. GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT. CHAS. E. NICHOLSON. CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting cap'tal and affords the best field for investment in the Pro vince Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district and its resources furnished on application. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal intention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B.C., EAST KOOTENAY. ii i i THE MINING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS 3STO G-OOD Advertising in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British public. The best way to do this is to EriPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S, § British and Canadian Press Bureau," 24 Coleman St., London, E.C. the mifiiHG JoU^Hflfc Railway and Commercial Gazette. Established i83s. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: I months. Canada. 12 months. 6 months. , 28s. 14s. Payable in Advance. NOW READY. The MINERAL LNDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing" numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining" companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entireworld. Among- the valuable technical monographs embodied in the present volume are the following : Progress in the Aluminum Industry in iooo, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane ; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L. K. Bohm ; Clay and and its manufacture into brick and tile, by H. Ries ; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge ; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive power, by G. Lunge ; Progress in the Metallurgy ot Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic reining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke; Notes on the Teaching of copper sulphide ores, by S, R. Adcock ; Elimination of impurities from copper mat tes, by E, Kel.er ; Raritan Copper Works — general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks ; Manufacture or blue vi rial from argentiferous copper, by J. G. Clem mer ; Recent progress in the Henderson process for extracting copper from p\ rites cinders, by J. G. Clemmer ; Fluorspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illino is, by W. E. Burk ; Diamondiiv.rous deposits in the United States, by Wt H. Hobbs ; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.; Present development ofbthe barrel chlorination process, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, y R. H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wjlson , Assay of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy at the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe Alloys of iron, by H. Souther ; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hof- man ; Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake ; Electrolyz- ing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorko- vitz ; Origiu and ccurrence of petroleum in California, by A. S. Cooper ; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heri- to : Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F, Klocdmann ; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw ; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by J. B. C. Kershaw : Progress in the sulphuric acid industry in 1900, by F. J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St, Lawrence Co., N.Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, by F. Owen ; Review of progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls ; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter ; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sauveur ; Manufacture of titanium and its alToys, by A. J. Rossi ; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards ; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N. S. W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Greenway ; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R. W. Raymond; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C, F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING Ct., 253 Broadway, New York. r: maynard, \ Importer and dealer in all kinds of 1 Wlkmimggmp'hi® Supplies, Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos, Etc. Agent for Imperial, Cramer & Hammer Plates, 41 Pandora Sti, Aristo-Platino, Solio, Kloro, Velox and Dekho Papers. VICTORIA, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location giving it unusual facilities. Distinctive methods of Instruction. Special courses. For catalogues giving occupation of graduates, address, W. McNAIR, President, Houghton, Michigan. I M. SANDLLANDS, Notary Public, Mines, Stocks and Insurance. Repesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phoenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation .Life Associat'on. Slocan Mines. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address ; ** Silverlands." Crown Grants Obtained. Sandon, B. C. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Glass Biscuits and Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, 95, '96, '97, '98- Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH: VICTORIA, B. O. 4SO CORDOVA STREET. VANCOUVER. Zhc Silver IRing UDotel, BAKER ST., NELSON, B. C. : $110 Day. G.L Mil. ft. THE MINING RECOED. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us—Why? We have the best goods and largest assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly from our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere. EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for Illustrated Catalogue—Free. Established 1862. WEILEE BEOS, VIOTOBIA, B. O. Stock Certificates and riining Stationery of an kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business THE COLONIST P. & P. CO., Ld., VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO. VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND NELSON, B. C. and at fl, c. Beeton & Co., 33 Finsbury Circus, London, England. Wholesale Merchants. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Dry Coods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc. Good Indented From All Parts of the World. Telegraphic Addresses: 'TURNER," Victoria; "BEETON," London; "TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson. IRON BEDSTEADS Of all descriptions manufactured from BEST MATERIALS in any desired designs and tastefully enamelled in any color. Prices and quality equal to Eastern Bedsteads. Patronize Home Industry. We use British Columbia coal, coke and paint. Write for catalogue and prices. TAYLOR & HAGGART, 162-164 Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. I THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. Incorporated by Act of Parliament. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up,$12,000,000.00. RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord S'rathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. Hon. G. A Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald ; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E. S. CLOUSTON, General Manager. A. Macnider Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. W. S. Clouston Inspector of Branch Returns. BRANCHES ] CATtA.HA. Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Comwall.Deseronto,Fort William, Goderich, Guelph, Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth, Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's, Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N. B.j Frederickton, N. B.; Moncton, N. B.; St. John, N. B.; Amherst, N. S.; Halifax, N. S.; Sydney, N. S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories — Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, VeVnon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F. W. Taylor Assistant Inspector. JAMES AIRD, Secretary. Montreal—H. V. MEREDITH...'. Manager. In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E. C, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States—New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain—London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank, the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—The British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED The Bhnk of British Columbih, HEAD omCE: XOBONTO. PAID UP CAPITAL Reserve Fund Aggregate Resources Over HON. GOEO. A_. COX, President. E. $ 8,000,000 2,000,000 70,000,000 WALKEE, General Manager. LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST , E. C. The Bank has 67 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon Territory: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Vancouver, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Victoria, Dawson, Nanaimo, Sandon, White Horse Fernie. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department, Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. Victoria Branch, GEO. GILLESPIE. MANAGER. Nanaimo Saw Mill and Sash and Door Factory, OFFICE : MILL STREET, NANAIMO, B. C. |p ..A.. HZ-^SZOj^-IM:, IP:ro:i?:ri:eto:r. Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, "Windows, Blinds, Mouldings Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, "White Pine, Redwood, &c Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. PAID UP CAPITAL, G- ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. £1,000,000 STERLING. RESERVE FUND, LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.- £350,000 STERLINC. -0 BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : VICTORIA, VANCOUVER, ROSSLAND, KASLO, ASHCROFT, GREENWOOD. Also at the Gold Fields —ATLIN and DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department has been established in connection with the Victoria branch. Highest Prices Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgf., VICTORIA, B. C M THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! GOAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining & Land Co* (LIMITED) (FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY.) Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast \ii Mt \b Mt Ms NANAIMO COAL (Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Pnrposes. SOUTHFIELD COAL Steam Fuel. I Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal House and Steam Coal), are Mined by this Company Exclusively. m * A Mt Mb THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL 1S used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. f"HE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favourite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Special despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. »fi» «A* «A» » * * SAMUEL M. ROBINS, Supt., Nanaimo, B. C. warn THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTEL . Canadian Paeifle Railway SOO-PAC/F/C LINE. tf^A^W.'tam^fc^L**PfePfePfc* THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. ******** 4*4*^***.****^*** Lowest Rates. a TO ALL POINTS IN Best Equipment. T Canada and United States. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to Or to H. H. ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B, O: E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. 0> Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. TIME T^BLE- ALASKA ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Princess May and Amur make regular sailings connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. VICTORIA—VANCOUVER ROUTE. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a-m. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. NORTHERN B. C. COAST ROUTE. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria n p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling: at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month. VICTORIA—NEW WESTMINSTER ROUTE. S. S. Princess Louise. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a. m. Calling; at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. NEW WESTMINSTER-CHILLIWACK ROUTE. Str. BeavCr. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River>landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. NEW WESTMINSTER—STEVESTON ROUTE. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m« Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., 7 a. m.; Fri , 6 a.m.; Sat., 6 p.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. WEST COAST ROUTE. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and aoth day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Claoose, Dodg-er's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ahouset, for Cape Scott and Intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without no» tice. For full particulars as to time rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P. R. agent or to j. W. TROUP, E. J. COYLE, Manager, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VICTORIA. VANCOUVER' Opposite the G. P. R. Station. Headquarters for Commercial Men. Grand Pacific Hotel, P. A. BARN HART, Proprietor. ^ KAMLOOPS, B. C WELL LIGHTED SAMPLE ROOMS. Motel Vernon, Thoroughly Comtnercial. 66 Douglas Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Hotel Dallas, VICTORIA, B. C. Re-opened February 21st for 1901 wider same management. DOMINION HOTEL, VIOTOEIA, B. O. K1PW Akin MfinFRM Telephones connecting' rooms with office, Private Baths ncn mu mUUUin. Electric Lighted, Return Call Bells and first-class service American Plan, $1.25 Up a day. European, Plan, 50c. to $1.60 a day. §,h«HAiion'sv:3^^^^^^^^^P H RUB: BAIE DE" Peres >3JATTLEF0RD £*5N?£.-.©HA PLEAlfe', 3±tXA.^P'H?J*7', ^JfBrKTHBRIDGE LOWER FoRi3aARR3t •-MACLEOD .(i5|GfltbEN =5'SNEXSON PlNCHER CREmBV; PO RT'^JM PSO Stt^^fej f'^ktwefe Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle &J30iSfcSW Portage RiDiii$'■ Mountm^^ Sho^'Lakb SUDBURY ^JPouchwood Hills fl^yJrTOpUVER '^KkToria 'MfjtiNON^.Pffi :jttW|itl^EWOOD'' |£ And at other principal points m British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find at these Stores the best goods at;jjioderate pr^ieiSt'iTOported direct,from all the principal markets of the wor^tl.^ Hand Rock Drills Rosslandi|^|| r<3sreenwood£B. C. FELTEN & GUILLEADME, Carlswep Actien Gesellschaft. Mulheim on Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC^II. LEADS AND CAj|fJ|^ ■XBtelpWv^ i-igrri-tlngr Cables fw.'Coal'!tlK,^^P^ Lf7*tnent for avoiding fire-dampJexplosions in.case ot the cable breaking-., WIRE ROPES FOR MININGS Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "AJberV* or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented flattened Strand Wire Ropes. ^80N, STE^4" COPPER fi^^E^j^^p^RE Superior qualities. 'J Jg^M&jAGENTS FOR CANADA: WATSON JACK Sc<M;£»hs£. l^l^pose^ituatii^s Use "LancasJiire" H[air Belting. CAT^LOCUE AND DISCOUNTS ON A.PPLICA.TION. ^M-M^^RBlMc«ea^^^^« ■wm Electric ^NDpM^^^^^^^^ In British CoIumbia I WHERE WATER-POWER IS AVAlLABLf|g THE PELTON WATER-WHEEL G0.,S. §;ancrfl|| Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Water Pipe and Fittings 121 - 129 MAIN &%», SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. irat ■hnnbi Smelting* Worki AT- IIA.DYSMITH. Prepared to purchase ores as from;|SLUguslp;st;^^ffi| venient to B. & N. or sea. HlERMONTI LIVINGSTGp, Meaner, .7 JfEADFIELD &iJACK'S PATBNTK 1 IvRAlroRl;; CrfLfeNfeii AND ORE CRUSHERS, FITTED WITH HADFIELD'S Patent Manganese Steel PlatesS Co|es ^nd|^Stells. HADFIELD'S STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY, LTD., SHEFPIBK®" ENGLAND. U;representa'tj:ve for canada: .:"'4ssi^ iiancis T. PeacocklM. B. Canada Life Building, MONTREAL Published by The B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by the "Colonist,'' Victoria Canada. THIS MONTH BEASLEY COPPER CAMP" (lilustrateaV n& E FE)«IU£jlj>lSASTE R fflmmtiffl VWWs ?gm&:.Wtej m>. 7. IMIITED. l^ayg^^i&.y n a m o s. Electric Mining Apparatus. WICTORIA#BfC. • • EIectrica||Construct§pn ft fland t^^^fes.'^^S VAiCO|VERlB.» BfS^Not aJB^ExperimeM'i; In General Use Throv&fto&lNhe W#f^J^ The New Jackso|Hand Power Rock Drill Opeit^Sdi|^r ONE m^:^i^;^rform wor^j|$$EHREE me^driiling Wft^$W and hammers.7 MADE wE STEEL/.^ara^tsed aga&st breakage for'"w&j! yearf^.Jsxtensi^py&ed inWnited State9.>^Testimonial?7||(iOTj(fe:tliis djHij has in ra^^wij|ta^eilijra|tteed the cost of mining ife^one a^K^fysfer tp operate -tlk^l^^^ >\J& COB^fjKERV MONTH. ^Write^^^lalogue ,dij$|.- testimbnlia&v V fflh SOLE fiSi^l&lJlER. ; #thS|cifi^coast smIlting & refinin<§works,^« r%i^||^si^s, S|$pp|^^ Copper .-ffi^, aim, |^pi^na.i|^Wl^p^p mm pp^ORKS : Seal Bluff Landingj^gte^ &$!INES : Fresno County, Cal. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, CaliforniapjBasildon House, 7 to II Moorgate Street, London, E.C. $jft|2K|o||^^ 1 ■ i' ■ Ej 3 I J | HYOU lRE«|^GlHiOUSE We O^ry in Stock the Largest Assortment in Canada of tMk MANTI FQ In Oak, Maple, Cherry, Birch, White and |f|t£ PLACE GRATES Jj|f*>'*or *|| ING F0R FL00RS> HEARTHS, BATHROOMS, Ac. :J|pass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. PARQUETTE #LOORING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Qesigns. McLennatMieFeiy ■&. Co. *sP2j7 Limited "e^v|j §1 Wholesale hardware S?VNCOUvM=J, B. Cvf DAWSON, Y. T. jenlfkesfCorlisi ^»e|m^B|e#7. Wit&jfJur Improved-Governor and Safet^j^evice, new patent gab rod and hook, and other special 'tenures of onr designee'; this type of engine, will commend tjdfemselves to: \t|3^s$£equiring Duraib^^ Economy & Easyi^ldli^ In this priaieipal item of a steam-gower plant. Complete St£!m-Pow^|Plants D^signerliAlw^'^p installed for operation. Our figures are at wmj-jseryys^, s and we think you wjtll find them reasonable. SeriojJ:6r cstt- alogues of anything in %e Miqhig Machinery$0i$i .Free on request. The Jertifkes .Ma^^^S Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. FRIED KRUPP GRUSONWERKI (Madgeburg-BuckaM Germany.) v- ■■ i MttKol riA(SlINr|Ri ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1>800 at work, Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las*. rio'sGold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c Separation and Concentration -Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers/ Rotating Round Tables. 7 ,4i%ft*CHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT (a) For treating by the Wet Method with Stamp BatterieS^Anialganiation and. Concentration. (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. COAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station fr^ the Works. lg and Dressing Ores at ..3s2sr- • ■"• '&&■■ AGENTS: For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke & Co, 35 St. Francois Xa\%r Street, Montreal For tb'e;.UNITED STATES—Thos. Prosser & Son, 15 Go,}*! Street, New York j^^ For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico For SOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, JohannesburgM'A. R. THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President. E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager. VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) 13313^=; SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLING MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 MLsion St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, SAN FRANCISCO CAL. THE ONLY Dredging Chain with Grit-Proof ^^EB| Articulations levator Dredqes for Placer Mining Link Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, U.S.A. IMPORTANT TO GCLD MINERS And Manufacturers of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES For saving Gold in Quartz, Placer and Beach Mining. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. Fifteen Medals awarded. Old Mining Plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought or Gold Separated. Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to contract in weight of Silver and Copper. Send for Circular. ^*«8i.«~*llv^wJf 7 for Circular. San Francisco Gold, Silver & Nickel Plating Works 653-655 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal. B. G. DENNISTON, Proprietor. SEATTLE Smelting & Refining Co. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrator. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD. Mgr. Box 700. WANTED. "We are open to act as Fiscal Agents in Boston and New England for the sale of the Treasury Stock of a good Mining Company. Address with fall particulars Edward Hedges & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. ■m THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Brunton's Patent Pocket Transit For Surface or Underground Surveys. This is the most accurate, compact and reliable Pocket Instrument made for pre liminary surveys of every description. The case is of aluminum, 2% in. by 2% in., by I in.; weight eight ounces. There are nearly 1,000 of the Pocket Transits in use by prominent mining en gineers, mine managers, civil engineers and geologists in all parts of the world WM. AINSWORTH <& SONS, DENVER, COLO.. U. S. A SOLE MANUFACTURERS, LIMITED (Cut about half size). Write for Catalogue B-4 for full description. For sale by B. C. ASSAY & CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B. C; W. F. TEETZEL & CO., Nelson, B. C; C. M. FASSETH Spokane, Wash.; JOHN TAYLOR & CO., San Francisco, Calif.; F. W. BRAUN & CO., Los Angeles, Calif. The B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co DIRECT IMPORTERS OF LI ASS/IYERS' ™ HILL SVIPPLIE/. Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glass ware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver. Sole Agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, &c; W. Ainsworth^ Sons' Fine Balances. Write for our Prices Address: 733 Pender Street, VANCOUVER, B.I HEARN <& HARRISON (Established 1857.) Manufacturers and Importers of Mining, Surveying, 7k and Engineering Instruments Office Instruments and Materials. Repairs and Alterations Executed Promptly. Correspondence Solicited. Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 1640-1642 NOTRE DAME ST., Montreal, Canada. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY, 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA ST., DENVER, COLORADI ESTABLISHED 18B1. INCORPORATED 1895. ASSAYERS' MATERIALS, Mine and mill Supplies, Chemists' Supplies, Chemical* Chemical Glassware. Prospectors' Outfits. Special Agents for Morgan Crucible Co Battersea, England. Largest Stock of Balances, Scales, Furnaces, Etc. Baker < Adamsons' Acids. Platinum=ware, Etc. Borax, Boneash, Cyanide Potassiun Manganese and other heavy Chemicals at Manufacturers' Prices. Headquarters for Mining and Scientific Books. IOHl\J TAVI HD &• fH Pacific Coast Agents for Wm. Ainsworth & Sons' Assay and »J Vs I 111 1 xV 1 L«V/ IV W. W'Vr • , niustafeaticlfoagueCoenappiication. 63 First St., SAN FRANCISCO, Ca THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. rr—■• "' '-' AIesghen &Sons Rope Go *jgm SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF Seo. E. Dow Pumping Engine Co. 179 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURERS OF" OPERATED BY STEAM, AIR OR ELECTRICITY- MINING PUMPS. | Pumping Machinery of Every If WATER-WORKS PUMPS. Possible Description. POWER PUMPS. SEND F"OR CATALOGUE, JEFFREY LEVATING MACHINERY FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, POWER PLANTS. Designed for Handling Material ofall kinds. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.**^ Si&*& fHE JEFFREY MFG.CO.Columbus,0, BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS Received the ONLY award to Diamond Drills made at the Paris Exposition - - A Gold Medal M. C. BULLOCK, MFG. CO., CHICAGO. J M> THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Vancouver Engineering Works, Lei S ENGINEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIJHSTES FURNISHED DP©N SPPLieATI©N. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, "" VANCOUVER, B.C. Improved GRIP PULLEY The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc., by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco, Cal. Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. CANTON STE Works: CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse: DENVER, Colorado HkW Equal to jp or Firth's Steel ^\ in Rock Work. STEEL For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found un- equalled for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CAIMTOIM STEEL. The Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES. "LANG'S" PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. Branches:—Halifax, N.S.; St. John,N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. ■THE- Hendrie & Bolthoff MANUFACTURING & SUPPLY CO Originators, Designers, Manufacturers and Jobbers. High Class Modern Equipment for MINES AND! MILLS :WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF: Hoisting Engines- Air Compressors- Boilers 1 - - Dynamos, Motors Steam, Compressed Air, Electric and Gasoline. Tandem, Duplex and Cross Compound. Tubular, Water Tube and Marine. and Electrically Driven Machine Tools. WRITE FOR MINING MACHINERY CATALOGUE No. 8. Offices and Salesrooms : 1601-1617 Seventeenth St., Denver, Colo., U.S.A. m THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. The SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water Wheels. Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address THE STILLWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., 293 Lehman St., DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET PLATINUM REFINERS BAKER & CO. NEWARK, N. J. WE are always in the Market for CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Nos. 38 to 44 Fremont St., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN Hydraulic and Quartz Mining and Milling Machinery, -COMPRISING Hydraulic Giants. Concentrators, Water Gates, Smelters, Sheet Iron and Hoisting and Steel Pipe, Pumping Plants, Stamp Mills, Saw Mills, Ore Crushers, Mine and Mill Ore Feeders, Supplies, Etc, Etc. HOISTING ENGINE. CATALOGUES AND PK1CES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. HAMILTON POWDER COflPANY (Incorporated 1861). Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH OFFICE: VICTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCaI, OFFICES: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD WORKS*. NANAIMO GOODYEAR RUBBER OO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose "Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING >73. 575, 577 & 579 Market St., (S^^W SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. CANADIAN QENERdL ELECTRIC CO., LTD. CAPITAL STOCK, - $1,500,000. Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto. Ont.; Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N.S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Fans, Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes* Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Fifty Miles by our C. G. E. and S. K. C. Three Phase, Two Phase, 0nlyr^azd\s^Thfru^steanuiDealers T ran sm i ss i o n Systems. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: R055LAND *£ VANCOUVER. il m 11 P I THE MINING RECORD. ! I The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. MONTREAL, P.Q. INGERSOLL-SERQEANT MACHINERY, Manufacturers of Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of AH Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. ) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. Catalogue and Details on Application to S FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C. JWftj^ Mine Superintendents and Engineers will find it to their interest to refer to us when in need of anything in the Pump line. We manufacture Pumping Machinery of all types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. cunliffe & McMillan, Agents at Rossland. VANCOUVER ENGINEERING WORKS, Agents at Vancouver. THE We also manufacture the NORTHY GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is gaining favor all over Canada, where any one of these characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. NbrrM Tcnf &*E>, 962 King St. Subway ,«NK«*X«X~X*X"X*X««Hfr»X"X~X~H^<~X«*^ 1 The Brackman & Ker Milling Co., Ltd. i VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated X Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with ♦> the Best Quality of | li Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. | ^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦^ I 1 ^TT ROLLLD OATS. (Registered.) It f t T X Victoria. Nelson. V Vancouver. Rossland. X- New Westminster. Strathcona. <~t~K~XKKKK"X<K"X"XK<K"X"X X ? X Unequalled in the World. 1 Wire Rope. Book entitled '' Wire Rope and Its Application to the Transmission of Power,'' Mailed Free of Charge to all Users and Abusers. Address- The Trenton Iron Comp'y TRENTON, N. J. Denver Office—R. D. Seymour, Manager, 1711 Tremont Street. San Francisco Office—Newton M. Bell, Agent, 308 Market Street. Wire Rope showing wires broken from undue bending. AND ABUSE. Wire Rope showing effect of abrasion. The Mining Record VOL. IX. JULY, 1902. NO. 7. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the riining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORTIHER LAMB, flanaging Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office, Province Building. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C. Montreal: Gray's Agency. Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria Street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year ■ Great Britain and Foreign, one year - ■ Advertising Rates on Application. $3.00 $2.50 Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. O. B,ecord, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. 0. RECENT MINING LEGISLATION. THE volume of legislation relating directly to mining, passed at the last session of the Legislature, was not great. Talcing the several acts up in the order of their introduction we have first a bill to amend the "Coal Mines Regulation Act," which provides that no Chinese, Japanese or person unable to speak English shall be employed as a bank- man, ohsetter, signalman, brakesman, pointsman, furnace man or underground or at the windlass of a sinking pit. There is another amendment to the same act providing for the payment of "check weighers" employed by miners, and also requiring a reasonable supply of timber to be kept in or near each working place. A brief act provides for trial by jury of cases under "the Mineral Act," and for the determination of the respective right of persons who have certificates of work for the whole or portion of the same claim. The latter provision is purely of a technical character. The most important measure of the session, as far as mining is concerned, is one making provision for the extraction of iron from magnetic sand. In introducing this bill the Minister of Mines said that it was to enable a new process to be employed in this province. The act provides for the issuing of twenty- year leases for gold commissioners, with the sanction of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council of any unoccupied or unreserved Crown land for iron placer mining. The land may be staked by a free miner, who must place a post at each corner, and put a notice "on the post nearest to the iron placer leaseholds then being worked and also in the office of the Mining Recorder." The notice must give the name of the applicant, describe the location, and specify the area applied for and the terms for which the lease is desired. He must within thirty days after staking make his application to the Gold Commissioner in duplicate, specifying in addition to what the notice contains, the number of the applicant's free miner's certificate and the rent proposed to be paid, and there must be a plan of the ground on the back of the application. He must also file three plans of the land with the Mining Recorder, and deposit $10.00 with the Gold Commissioner, to be applied on the first year's rent, if the application is granted, otherwise to be returned to the applicant. The balance of the first year's rent must be paid within sixty days after the lease is granted. The deposit is forfeited if the applicant does not fulfill his part of the application. The maximum area permitted in a single application is 80 acres, and the same person may not have two leases in the same locality. Agricultural land may not be leased nor any ground already occupied by free miners, except with their consent. The act provides certain covenants as to public rights of way and water, for the proper mining of the deposit and the like, and the lease may be terminated by the Gold Commissioner,, subject to the sanction of the Minister of Mines; in the event of failure to perform the covenants. The leases will authorize iron placer mining only. Extensions of leases are provided for, also the consolidation' of leases held as creek claims. A royalty of ten cents a ton on all iron produced is imposed. An amendment to the original act declares that none of its provisions shall interfere with the locations under the "Placer Mining Act." A short act was passed in amendment of the "Companies Act, 1897"; one to amend the "Companies Act, 1897, Amendment Act of 1901," and one to amend the "Companies Clauses Act, 1897." The first relates to penalties to which companies may render themselves liable under the "Companies Act" or the other acts relating to such organizations. It pro- j H m 220 THE MINING RECORD. vides that the right of action for these penalties shall belong wholly within the province, that the prosecution for the penalty must be brought within three months from the act or measure complained of, and that the penalty may be wholly or in part remitted by the Minister of Finance. It also provides that prosecutions for a penalty for failure to file the list of members with the registrar of joint stock companies must be brought by the registrar only. The act is made retroactive, except as to costs in actions already begun. This measure is intended to put an end to the numerous suits for penalties begun against incorporated penalties. Similar legislation has, we understand, been passed at Ottawa. These prosecutions were for the most part vexatious, and if allowed to be continued would have worked great injustice to many innocent people without producing any corresponding advantage. The amendment to the act of 1901 consists in the repeal of sections 2, 3 and 4, which relate to- extra provincial companies, and this leaves the law of the province in regard to these in precisely the same position as it was upon the passage of the "Companies Act, 1897." The amendment to the "Companies' Clauses Act" relates to penalities and is along the same lines as that above mentioned. COAL DUST AND EXPLOSIONS IN MINES. TT IS a somewhat curious coincidence that the dis- aster at the Fernie Colliery should have occurred on the same day of the month, and also under precisely similar conditions to a disastrous accident which took place at the Universal mine, Glamorganshire, resulting in an almost equal loss of life. According to a report issued ±>y the Home Office on this explosion, the Union pit was a new one, the colliery was well laid out, the ventilation good, and the engines and equipment generally were of a first- class description. The system of watering was probably superior to that to be found in many mines: pipes were laid along the main haulage-roads for an aggregate distance of 1,450 yards on either side of the shaft, in which water-cocks were inserted every 40 yards, from which the roads were sprayed by means of hoses. In spite of these appliances, it is generally agreed that the whole of the workings at the Universal were dry and dusty when the explosion occurred. From the report of Professor Galloway, based on an exhaustive examination of the workings, the Mining Journal (London) points out that two circumstances are clear—first, that the ex plosion followed the course of the intake workings used for haulage, where there was dust and no firedamp, scarcely touching the return-air ways; and, second, that the explosion failed to affect those parts of the workings which were permanently wet from natural causes. Our contemporary proceeds to remark : The fact that coal-dust is far more dangerous in a mine than fire-damp has been more widely recognised of late than when Professor Galloway, in 1875, demonstrated that fine coal-dust plays the part of a quasi-gas when intimately mixed with air, and, as was apparently the case here, itself initiates and carries on the explosion. In the present instance nothing can be known as to the cause of the explosion, the whole of the evidence being circumstantial in character. But, whether the originating cause was shot- firing or an explosion of fire-damp from a blower in some way ignited, it depended for its power on the presence of dust throughout the mine. When once an explosion has occurred in a confined space, the increased pressure and consequent rise in temperature greatly increases the intensity of combustion, so that coal requires wetting more thoroughly than would be the case in the open air. For instance, Mr. Hughes, in his text-book on coal-mining, states that only the smallest amounts of moisture are needed to prevent ignition, a conclusion hardly borne out by the present case. It follows from the knowledge we now possess—that a mixture of coal-dust and air alone is capableof producing an explosion—that the practical question is how to eliminate dust. The use of dust-tight wagons would greatly minimise it, and, supplemented by thorough watering, would no doubt be adequate. Professor Galloway, however, considers, as the result of long experience in the South Wales collieries, that thorough watering suffices to prevent the settling of dust upon walls, roof, and timbering, which, if once allowed to accumulate there, .renders watering of the roadways alone of but little effect, as the present case shows. The main difficulty lies in insuring that the wetting is done regularly, though a more systematic inspection for dust on the roof and sides of the workings might correct laxness in this regard. If it were generally recognized by the miners themselves that the real danger of explosion, at any rate on a large scale, is due to dust, and not to firedamp, greater progress would be made towards the fulfilment of Professor Galloway's hope that, with a better understanding of their cause, great colliery explosions will soon disappear from the record of disastrous events. It is meanwhile satisfactory to learn that the Department of Mines is making very full enquiries, with a view to ascertaining the best methods of preventing the occurrence of accidents in coal mines in this Province resulting from the accumulation of dust in the workings. THE MINING RECORD. 221 BRITISH COLUMBIA IRON AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF LOCAL MANUFACTURE. 'TrHE deposits of iron ore in British Columbia * are numerous, and some of- them are of ascertained value. There is sufficient evidence that the supply is extensive enough to enable the province to take the leading place among iron producing countries in which respect it stands, as far as is known, alone in the Pacific Northwest. The companies, which now are or contemplate being engaged in iron smelting in the State of Washington, look to British Columbia for their chief supply of ore, and the consumption already amounts to a very considerable figure, and it will certainly increase. A not unnatural feeling has arisen in some quarters in favor of taking steps to complete the utilization of our ores at home by the erection of furnaces to manufacture pig iron at home and the establishment of plants for the production of steel. It is pointed out with much justice that extensive industries would certainly follow in the wake of the production of pig iron, and also that the markets of the Orient and Australasia are just as open to British Columbia products as to those of the United States. Necessarily the domestic consumption of iron would be smaller than that which furnaces in the United States would supply, but even allowing for this it is contended that British Columbia offers such facilities for the production of iron that the industry could be profitably carried on here. While much that has been said and written on this subject is necessarily more or less speculative, there is probably a solid basis for this claim. It is an economic principle that a country, which is content to export raw material, makes the least of its natural wealth. The manufacture of finished products is what insures a full measure of industrial prosperity. Everyone will concede that it is not desirable that our iron ore deposits should pass into the hands of American companies, who will export the raw material and manufacture the finished products else- fhere. The policy, which stopped the export of pulp wood from Ontario and has prohibited the exportation of cedar cut on Crown lands in this province, is based upon a sound principle, and the time seems to have come when it should be applied to our iron ores. The question was brought up by Captain Cox in a letter written a short time ago to the Victoria Board of Trade. Captain Cox advocated an export duty on iron ore. The board did not see its way clear to take any action upon the matter, and the opinion was expressed by some of the members that the most which could properly be done just now is to let it be understood that such a policy might be put in force in the near future, thus giving notice to com panies, contemplating investment in iron and steel plants in Washington, to work up British Columbia ores, that they might find this source of supply cut off. There is no sentiment in trade, of course, and any person investing his money in such enterprises would do so with the full knowledge that such a contingency might arise. An American iron smelter would require no vested right to export our iron ores free of an export duty or to handle them on the same basis as a Canadian concern. Yet it, perhaps, is only neighbourly to let it be known that the demand for a policy, which will keep our iron ores at home, is likely to arise in the near future. Whether or not an export duty is the best way to deal with the matter is another question. Possibly a better plan would be to impose a tax on all iron ore mined with a rebate upon that smelted in the province. There can be no doubt that the legislature has full power to deal with the subject in this way, and it would be as effectual a method as could be devised. Under present arrangements we are getting very little out of our iron deposits. A mine is being worked on Barkley Sound, the ore being shipped to Iron- dale, Wash., and the most of the work is done by Chinamen, and everyone knows how very little their labour contributes to business prosperity If they are objectionable when producing wealth in the country, they are doubly so when all they are doing is to enable foreigners to carry our native wealth.out of the country. The statement is made on good authority that iron ore is mined on Texada for $1.00 per ton. This is very cheap, and if it can be done elsewhere for the same price there would seem to be no substantial reason why the iron industry cannot be established in British Columbia on a profitable basis. The subject is one which the department of mines might very profitably investigate, so that at the next session of the Legislature some definite plan may be submitted for consideration. At present the great lack is of definite information bearing on the subject. One thing is clear, namely, that if it is possible to devise a policy which will ensure the smelting of British Columbia ores at home the public will hardly indorse it. This subject has recently been discussed at meetings of the Victoria Board of Trade and the Voters' League, and the fact most clearly demonstrated was that intelligent treatment of it is impossible, from a public point of view, until more information is available than is at present within reach. Mr. Carmichael, the Provincial Assayer, properly pointed out that without data having official sanction it would be extremely difficult to interest outside capitalists. As he said, private information may be just as complete and just as trustworthy as that officially compiled, but it 222 THE MINING RECORD. will not carry the same amount of weight. It would not have been consistent with Mr. Carmichael's official position for him to have followed this up with any recommendation, publicly at least, whatever he may do in conversations with the head of his department. Persons who have had occasion to discuss the iron industry with prospective investors, have felt the lack of just such information as Mr. Carmichael speaks of. It might be well if the government would direct special attention to the compilation of definite matter bearing on this subject. This would call for the assignment of the duty compiling it to some individual with a knowledge of the subject matter, but there can be no doubt as to the value of the report made by such a person. The Department of Mines cannot, in our opinion, address itself to a subject from which more immediate or more valuable results are likely to be derived. In connection with the production of iron in British Columbia for export to countries beyond seas, mention may be made of an advantage which a British Columbia smelter, properly located, would have over one in the State of Washington, using British Columbia ores. Take the case of the Irondale smelter, which uses ore from Texada. The ore costs the company for mining and delivery $1.00, and a royalty of 50cts. per ton is paid to the owners of the mine, the freight to the smelter is $1.00, the cost of unloading is I5cts., the duty is 40cts., making the cost of the ore delivered at Irondale $3.10. Two tons of ore are required to produce one ton of pig iron, which makes the cost of the raw material for a ton of pig iron at Irondale $6.10. If a smelter were erected on Texada, the cost of the ore would be $1.00 per ton, or $2.00 per ton of pig iron, making a difference of $4.10 in favor of the Texada product. Add to this the royalty of $2.00 per ton on pig iron and we have a difference in favor of the Canadian product of $6.10, that is to say, the Canadian smelter would get its raw material for nothing. These figures are given, for purposes of comparison only, because they might not hold true in their entirety in respect to other iron deposits on the Coast, but they show a very satisfactory margin in favour of the British Columbia product as compared with the output of a smelter in the State of Washington, dependent chiefly upon this province for its ore supply. THE LE ROI SCANDAL. IN appointing a committee to investigate all matters affecting the past and present management of the Le Roi mine, and also to ascertain the true inwardness of the alleged manipulation of the company's shares, the shareholders at the extraordinar}r meeting held in London this month took the only sen sible course open to them, and until a report is forthcoming there is not much to be gained by further comment on our part. There can be no doubt, however, that important information, as contained in the cabled advices, from the mine manager, found its way to the stock exchange before it was communicated to shareholders and was used for market manipulation purposes. It will be the duty of the committee to prove these charges and place the responsibility where it belongs. We are, meanwhile, glad to note that so impartial and intelligent an observer as the London Critic shares our view, that the attack on Mr. Mackenzie, the mine manager, is unjust. Thus our contemporary remarks : ■ "If the affairs of the mine and smelter were in such a state of chaos as Mr. Frecheville described in his report of December, Mr. Mackenzie may easily have been led into an error in his method of estimating, which he was only able to discover after working for several months. It is common practice in these days to make a scapegoat of a mine manager, when the directors and their following of market-mongers in London desire to be screened; and the sinister insinuations regarding Mr. Mackenzie, which have recently been put in circulation, ought not to be too readily believed by the shareholders, until that gentleman has been heard. The evidence at present available points to the office of the company in London as the source of the early information which was acted upon by the market-mongering clique." Meanwhile, in view of the report issued by Mr. Frecheville last November, the fact that the. mine has not since been operated at a profit is not after all particularly astonishing, if the decline in metal values is • considered, and if as may be shrewdly suspected, the change in the smelter practice as inaugurated by Mr. Sontag, proved somewhat disastrous. In the last month the price of copper has risen slightly, the advance being somewhat about a half to three-quarters of a cent per pound. Even this small favourable difference made, however, the considerable difference of $32,060 on last month's operation of the mine. It is now also stated that upon the completion of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railway into Fernie, coke will be delivered to the Northport smelter for $6.80, which will reduce treatment costs by eighty cents a ton. Even then if oil concentration or some other cheaper method of saving values is not resorted to, there can be no doubt but that ere longthe Le Roi will again be placed upon a profitable footing. Great stress has been laid on the fact that so well- known an engineer as Mr. Wayne Darlington had consented to act in a consulting capacity for the now notorious Olalla company. Mr. Darlington, however, THE MINING RECORD. 223 has written to say that the publication of his name on the prospectus, and in the advertisements of that concern was entirely unauthorized, and without his knowledge or consent. Mr. Darlington was asked, it appears, to report on the company's claims some time ago, but he failed to do so, and has no connection whatever with the undertaking. As we previously stated the only expert opinion the company obtained . was that supplied by Mr. A. A. Watson, B.Sc, of Vernon, whose report, however, was only relatively favourable, in that it testified to the promising surface showings on several of the prospects owned by the company in the Keremeos Valley, but described in the prospectus as "big mines." If the public had been invited to subscribe for shares on the.strength of Mr. Watson's report there would have been no occasion for criticism, for Mr. Watson is, as everyone is aware, a trained geologist and well qualified to give an authorative opinion on the value of mineral prospects, and in criticising the company's methods we certainly did not, as some seem to have imagined, intend for a moment to cast any slur upon Mr. Watson's -professional attainments. Mr. Watson does not call himself a mining engineer, but he has made a special study of geology. In this connection the remarks made by Dr. Wolcott, at the fourteenth annual meeting of the Geological Society in the course of a discussion on the relation of geology to mining, is interesting. He said: "Nowadays the larger interests are not without a mining geologist, who is consulted on the larger affairs pertaining to the mine, while the technical work, measuring drifts, surveying the properties, etc., is done by the mining engineer, who receives smaller pay, and has less power than the mining geologist." All signs point to a considerable revival of mining in the Cariboo district. The recent intelligence that the Slough Creek Limited, a British company en^ .gaged in deep level mining in this section, has at length tapped what is believed to be the ancient channel gravel bed at a depth of 385 feet from the surface, from which a drive of 1,000 feet was carried, is of great interest and importance, and news of the value of the deposits is naturally impatiently awaited, although confidence in the result is strongly expressed by those acquainted with Cariboo conditions. The Cariboo Gold Fields at Barkerville is operating this season on a very large scale, and great quantities of gravel are now being raised by means of hydraulic elevators. All the other mines in the vicinity of Barkerville and Stanley are said to be doing well, while a new territory is being opened up with promising results at Moffat Creek, between Harper camp and Beaver Lake. On the Upper Horsefly a number of men are engaged in opening up and prospecting work, while sluicing is also in progress on some few properties. The construction of the Kootenay & Arrowhead Railway, a branch of the Canadian Pacific system, having been at length completed, the Lardeau District, which is thus afforded satisfactory transportation facilities, may now be expected to become an important contributor to the mineral production of the Province. The district is unquestionably the richest silver-lead camp in British Columbia, while in one locality free milling gold quartz of exceptionally high grade character has been discovered. None of the mines have yet been proved at great depth, but all indications point to the permanence and continuity of the deposits. In the last few weeks probably on account of the more favourable conditions, consequent upon the opening up of the district by railway communication, a large number of mining transactions are reported to have been consummated, and in the next few months a large amount of capital will undoubtedly be expended in the exploitation of the many exceedingly promising claims and prospects, in the vicinities of Trout Lake, Ferguson and Fish River. ROSSLAND ORES AND THE ELMORE PROCESS. AT a public function at Rossland this month, Mr. Mackenzie, manager of the Le Roi mine, in the course of an interesting speech, pointed out that probably the longevity and future prosperity of the Rossland District now depended on the success or failure of the application of some new process of concentration to the ores of Rossland. The Le Roi mine, he remarked, with its large bodies of low grade ores containing an excess of silica and an insufficiency of copper for successful and profitable smelting, exemplifies the need of a new and cheap method of extracting the metal values from the ore. But owing to the brittle character of the chalcopyrite in the ore, other concentration has not been found applicable. Mr. Mackenzie, however, believed that by the utilizing the new Elmore process of concentrating mineral values from the ores by means of oil, a solution to the problem would be found. Thus, he shows that the total cost of mining and delivering ore on cars during April was $2.62 per ton. This includes all charges, with exception of depreciation of plant. Out of the total product mined one-fifth was sorted out and thrown into the second-class dump, while the remaining four-fifths had to bear all the mining charges and costs of sorting this material, which is worthless under present methods of treatment. If the oil process were successfully applied, however, instead of only four-fifths of the mine output being treated, the whole would : 1 ; J I.WW 224 THE MINING RECORD. be. turned to commercial account-, the operating expenses being thus distributed over a greater number of tons and reducing the cost of mining to $2 per ton, while the costs of crushing and concentrating should not exceed 50 cents and the loss of oil about 15 cents. Taking Le Roi ores containing values of $4.75 per ton, at present market rates, a saving of 80 per cent, and a concentration of 10 into 1 would give one ton of the concentrate product worth $38, the charges against this single ton being ten times the cost of mining and concentration, or about $26.50, plus freight, smelting, metallurgical losses, interest and refiner's charges and deductions which amount to $11 per ton, making a total charge of $37.50 per ton, leaving a profit of 50 cents on the ten tons mined, although this does not include depreciation of plant or royalties to the inventor, yet it is safe to say that $5 ore will clear expenses, and a profit can be made upon all ores above that value. Meanwhile a small quantity of the Le Roi ores has already been tested by this process, but not on a large enough scale to demonstrate beyond a doubt that it will be a financial success; however, the test indicated a saving of 80 per cent., which is certainly ground for hope and encouragement. Mr. Mackenzie concluded his speech as follows: "Although we may not live to see as was once predicted, a continuous line of concentrates between Rossland and Trail, we may reasonably expect the mines of Rossland to produce an unbroken line of dividends to the pockets of some of the now discouraged shareholders, convincing the most skeptical that dividends can be produced from the low grade ores of the camp." Another speaker in the course of the evening, Mr. Bernard McDonald, manager of the Le Roi No. 2, was equally optimistic and hopeful—only rather more so. After expressing in general terms his confidence in the future of all Rossland mines, he then referred to the great possibilities in the way of economic treatment of Rossland ores by oil concentration: "Exhaustive tests made of the ores of this camp show that the Elmore process can concentrate what is now considered waste rock, that is, ore running \ per cent, copper, or, to be accurate, 52 per cent.— 12 tons into 1, making a product containing 6 per cent, copper, and eliminating at the same time a large percentage of the silica and aluminum, that now constitutes the chief expense and difficulty in smelting these ores. The resulting product, that is, the concentrates, will require less than one-half of the fluxes and not more than one-half of the coke now required to smelt a ton of the crude ore. All the costs of concentration by this process should not exceed $1.00 per ton, including freight to the works. So you can see at a glance, without any further figures, the favourable position the mines of this camp occupy at the present time, and how silly and foundationless are the rumors which have recently gained circulation about them. The mines of Rossland have produced in the past precious metals and useful metals having a value of $15,000,000, and as yet the surface has hardly been scratched. This production is only an earnest of the results to be obtained in the future." But for the cyanide process, the Rand mines could not have been made to pay, and it may be, therefore, that through the introduction of oil concentration, the British Columbia mines will work out their salvation. So far as the big Rossland mines are concerned, however, where it becomes a question of treating 1,000 tons daily, the initial expense of installing plant will naturally be very heavy, and as the Le Roi, for example, has already an indebtedness largely in excess of its assets, the reconstruction of the company reducing the capitalization and at the same time providing adequately for future working expenses would seem to be not only an inevitable but a judicious step. COPPER SMELTING ON VANCOUVER ISLAND. THE establishment of a custom smelting plant of large capacity on the Pacific Coast in British Columbia has been "under discussion" for some years past. Various proposals, to each of which a bonus requisition was attached, have been presented for the consideration of the City Councils of both Victoria and Vancouver, but since last January the supplying of this need was decided upon and arrangements immediately entered into in a practical way by practical smelter men without any.flourish of trumpets or requests for financial assistance. Messrs. Breen & Bellinger, than whom there are no better known metallurgists in the West, after thoroughly investigating conditions and ascertaining the amount of ore supplies available, proceeded to select a suitable site and at once started the constructive work with a view to the commencement of smelting operations about the 1st of July of the present year. As a base for ore supplies a contract was entered into with the Lenora Mining Co., of Mount Sicker, and the location selected was the new townsite of Crofton, which had been acquired by Mr. Henry Croft, for the ocean terminus of his ore railroad. The prospects for obtaining a sufficient supply of ore to keep a smelter of a large enough capacity in continuous operation to produce satisfactory commercial results were also investigated, with the result that apparently when the claims and prospects in course of development on the East and West Coasts of Vancouver Island and in the adjacent Mainland districts, were taken into consideration, it was determined to build a smelter with a capacity to treat about 800 tons of ore per day. In deciding upon the erection of works of so largo a capacity as those projected, the promoters of this enterprise were influenced by the following favourable conditions: (1) The geographical situation is such that not only the mines of British Columbia can be reached, but also the rapidly developing portions of Alaska to the extreme northern limit, as well as the entire Pacific Coast to the southern portion of South America. (2) The deep water harbour at Osborne Bay or the shore of which Crofton is located, with the chanj nels which lead into that harbour, and which arc navigable for the largest vessels afloat, provided for the transportation of ores and fuel at the lowest possible cost for freight. (3) The fact that in the past the very large ma- THE MINING RECORD. 225 jority of the vessels which have come from either the North or the South to load with coal, coke or lumber have usually arrived at the Island ports in ballast, offered an opportunity to promote not only the smelting interests but also the shipping interests, because in future it will be possible for vessels to load from their home ports with ore instead of ballast, and thereby obtain paying freight on both voyages, and at the same time admit of the freight cost on ore being sufficiently low to induce many of the producing mines in California, Mexico and South America to ship their ore to the Crofton Smelter in cases where high railway freights to interior points would prohibit shipments. (4) The close proximity of the Vancouver Island Washington and Queen Charlotte Island coal mines, as well as the possibility, if necessary, of obtaining coke from the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Field via the Great Northern Railroad Co.'s newly constructed line from Morrisey Creek in the Crow's Nest Pass, insuring a fuel supply at exceptionally low cost. (5) The presence in the immediate neighbourhood of suitable fluxes, such as limestone and iron ore, in large quantity, both of which are obtainable from several points on the east coast of Vancouver Island. (6) The ample supply of timber obtainable in the smelter's vicinity for' calcining purposes if required in the case of certain classes of refractory ores. (7) The fact that labour conditions are favourable, there being less likelihood of strike troubles so common in many of the smelting centres of the United States. (8) And the fact that the location of the smelter on the Coast would admit of the product being consigned direct to the English markets by water transportation and thus avoid the excessive all-rail freight rate across the continent to the New York market. These then were the reasons duly considered, together with the circumstance that the ore in sight in the Lenora mine at Mount Sicker was sufficient to guarantee a base for supply, that influenced such practical smelter operators as Messrs. Breen & Bellinger in their decision to inaugurate this important enterprise at Crofton. Meanwhile construction had hardly been commenced on the smelter at Crofton before the Tyee Copper Co., which owns the Tyee mine on Mount Sicker, also gave practical assurance that they had sufficient confidence in their property and the future growth of the mineral resources of the Island by making arrangements to build a smelter at Ladysmith, situated on Oyster Bay on the East Coast of Vancouver Island and about ten miles northerly from Crofton. The plant at present being installed by this company will have a capacity to treat about 100 tons of ore a day, and the company estimate that they have sufficient ore in sight in their own mine to keep the smelter running continuously for at least two years, and they anticipate that as the development work progresses further reserves of ore will be exposed. This smelter is being erected under the superintendence of Mr. Thos. Kiddie, a thoroughly competent and practical metallurgist. While it is almost certain that the results from smelting on this portion of Vancouver Island will prove satisfactory and profitable to the smelter com panies, there is another feature in connection with the establishment of these enterprises, which is important. The establishment of the Crofton smelter will, as has already been pointed out, have a strong tendency to promote the shipping industry here by inducing the construction of vessels for the carrying of ore not only from the coast mines of British Columbia, but from those situated in countries to the North and South. For the reason just given the lumber and coal trades, which are so important to Vancouver Island, and the Coast of the Mainland, will likely develop far beyond their present limits. The establishment of the smelter, moreover, should furthermore prove an incentive to owners of the many promising claims in the immediate neighborhood to put forth greater effort in the direction of developing these properties and placing them upon a productive footing. Meanwhile the immediate effect of Messrs. Breen & Bellinger's enterprise has been to stimulate enquiry on part of both American and British investors for partially developed properties in this section of the country, and there can be no doubt but that capital in large amounts will be invested in the near future in mining on Vancouver Island and the adjacent islands in consequence. The mineral resources of Vancouver Island, so far as metalliferous ores are concerned, have not been developed in the past as they should have been, and it is not likely that a repetition of past mistakes will be witnessed. MINES AND METALLURGY BUILDING AT THE EXPOSITION TO BE HELD SHORTLY AT ST. LOUIS. THE Mines and Metallurgy Building of the Exposition to be held shortly at St. Louis forms part of the east wing of the fan-like general ground plan of the Exposition, and is the last building on the south side of the esplanade leading to the group of Government Buildings, which are to stand on a higher level. It will have a rich background of hillside foliage toward the southeast. Considered as part of the general scheme,_ it plays a very unimportant role in the spectacular display of the Fair, and for this reason no attempt has been made to force attention to it by such means as towers, domes or similar architectural devices. The outside dimensions are 55x750 feet. The building is divided into eight oblong parts almost equal ih area. The division is accomplished with glass covered and ventilated arcades, from 30 to 50- feet wide, which makes it possible that each one of the eight divisions shall receive abundant light from every side and that no skylights shall be necessary directly over any of the exhibition spaces. At the intersection of the two principal arcades through the main axis a colonnaded rotunda is shown with an appropriate monument. The ground floor will furnish an exhibition space of about 265,000 square feet, and about 150,000- square feet may be gained by the introduction of galleries. A sub-division of the exhibit space into numerous alcoves for each classification is suggested. \lJi 1 % 226 THE MINING RECORD. The walls of the building are set back from the facade 18 or 20 feet, forming a covered loggia, which surrounds the entire building. The facade of the Mines and Metallurgy Building may be likened to a screen bearing the same relation to this structure as do the colonnades of the adjoining buildings to their structures. The base of this screen consists of sculptured panels illustrating in bold relief mining and metallurgical operations in symbolical representations, the background to the sculptured figures being of a rough, golden colored glass, which will be illuminatid at night and show the figures in silhouette. The figures are more than life size. As a building for housing Exposition exhibits it was argued that it should express externally as much friendly dignity as would be compatible with its ephemeral character; that it would be incongruous, however, to disguise its ephemeral character by the garb of severe and classic forms which we associate with the most lasting architectural monuments of antiquity; and that, furthermore—being a part of the greatest "show" ever attempted—it undoubtedly should be novel, striking and full ot life. The style of architecture which it represents has been a source of much speculation. I Some have attempted to classify it as an example of the 'nouveau art," said Mr. Theo. C. Link, the architect )f the building, "but when I recently noticed an English art critic say, in protesting against its invasion of Great Britain, that this 'nouveau art' is 'a malady, the pernicious virus of which becomes more acute the further it travels,' I feel a strong personal solicitude for a properly conducted baptismal ceremony. "Let us, therefore, name it Secession Architecture. Perhaps I will have to explain what Secession Architecture is, if the name should not make it quite clear. It means architectural liberty and emancipation with a strong plea for individuality. It is a breaking away from conventionality in design; it is more an architecture of feeling than of formula " with its apex on their claims, and which in its downward course extended outside the limits of their claims into the ground comprised within the surface location of the plaintiff's claims, and that it was in following this vein that they had entered underneath the plaintiff's claims (which they said they had a lawful right to do) and that was the alleged trespass. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendants were allowing their workings to cave in, etc., and were causing damage to the plaintiffs, and upon their application the late Chief Justice made the inspection order complained of. In this order the plaintiffs undertook by their coun-1 sel to be responsible for any damage they might be liable for by reason of the inspection, and that the information obtained would be used for the purposes of the action only. It granted leave to the plaintiffs, by their representatives to the number of 10, to enter into the mineral claims and to inspect and make plans of the workings, so far as necessary to ascertain whether defendants RECENT LEGAL DECISIONS AFFECTING THE MINING INDUSTRY. CTAR Mining & Milling Co., Ld. Ly., v. Byron N. *** White Co., recently reported.. This was an appeal to the Full Court upon the form of order providing for inspection of underground workings. The plaintiffs, the owners of the Heber Fraction and Rabbit Paw mineral claims, brought an action for damagesfor trespass against the defendants, owners of adjofning mineral claims, the Slocan Star and the Silversmith, located and recorded in October, 1891. The defendants alleged that in carrying on mining operations upon their claims they discovered a vein had worked or were working under the plaintiffs' claims, the nature of the working and the quantity of ore removed; also to ascertain the apex, and location thereof, as to veins mined by defendants under plaintiffs' ground. For those purposes they might inspect and copy the workings or mining plans of defendants, take samples, make observations and try experiments. The defendants in their appeal urged that plaintiffs should give security as to damages, other than counsels' undertaking, and that they should not be allowed to copy plans, etc., and that for business reasons one company's business should not be disclosed to another. That taking of samples should be limited to a reasonable amount, and experiments not allowed nt all. The court, however, dismissed the appeal with costs, but struck out the phrase "try experiments," that being assented to by the plaintiffs. Cato THE MINING RECORD. 227 THE FERNIE COLLIERY DISASTER. By C. H. Gibbons. THE strange fatality which apparently attaches to festive occasions throughout British Columbia found further illustration in the colliery town of Fernie, not far from the summit of the Crow's Nest Pass, on the eve of the intended celebration of Victoria Day. I refer to the disastrous explosion, which took place last month in the workings in slopes 2 and | at Coal Creek, four miles distant from the town, bringing immediate death to It had been intended to mark Victoria Day (the 24th of May) with sports, parades and band music, the Friday as well as the Saturday being devoted to the celebration; instead, it saw a horror-stricken community, dumb with sorrow, at the mine entrances, -while heroic parties of volunteers staked their lives in the restoration of ventilation in the mine, and the recovery of the bodies of their unfortunate companions from the mine workings. The disaster occurred shortly after seven in the evening, and fifteen minutes later a relief train had arrived from Fernie and the call of volunteers had Coal Creek Mines, Overground, shewing across the centre of the picture the long tipple connecting No. i Mine to Nos. 2 and 3. Entrance to the ill-fated workings marked by snow spot low down on the hillside. almost all of those employed in the ill-fated shift. The collapse of the Point Ellice bridge at Victoria just seven years before, resulted in the death of 76 persons; the disaster at the Extension mine, Vancouver Island, during the recent visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, cost the lives of 57 workers; in fhe Fernie explosion the fatalities numbered 151. Investigation of the primary cause of the disaster is now proceeding; directly, the explosion is declared by authorities to have been due to the ignition of dust from the flare of a shot in the machine section, the mine being of the class technically rated "dry and dusty," and insufficiently provided with systematic watering appliances for the guarantee of perfect safety against the accumulation of dust in the workings and the roadways. been responded to by half a hundred men. Among these were none but Anglo-Saxons, for although Slavs* and Hungarians composed quite one-half of the company's working force, it was noted with indignation in the emergency that not one "foreigner" responded to the call of duty and humanity. It has been remarked that always on the occasion of such a crisis necessity and opportunity for action proclaim the hero. In this case, the man of the hour was a miner named Trueman Weatherby. In the first moments of partial mental paralysis among the official leaders, he took the initiative, and placing himself at the head of the first rescue party, led the way in forcing, an entrance to the reeking mine, and during the twenty-four terrible hours that followed worked with tireless activity, directing operations 228 THE MINING RECORD. and taking upon himjself the larger share of the danger and labour. Time and again he fell gasping, in- , sensible, to be dragged forth by his fresher working mates; each time he would return to duty, directly consciousness was restored. It was he who was on hand to support Manager Drinnan when he fell unconscious, forcing his way through the choke damp —the manager's inert body in his arms—by sheer force of will and determination; it was he who bore out the first recovered body, that of the young lad Robertson; it was he who instantly perceived and did aright all things that such occasions demand of the man who rises nobly to great emergencies. Fortunately the explosion was not followed by dred and fifty graves provided in anticipation of the recovery of the bodies. Victoria Day, instead of witnessing mirth and festivity in the town of Fernie, was given to successive funerals; while during the week ensuing scarcely an hour passed that did not see the going to the little hillside graveyard of the mourners with their mutilated dead—half-masted flags in evidence everywhere—coffins and crape wherever one might look. Nor were the days sufficient for the work of burial. Far into the dusk of evening could be seen the slow- moving processions of black-burdened mourners, toiling laboriously up the mountain side. It is very greatly to be doubted if anv similar dis- Town of Fernie, in which few families escaped the loss of some members by the disaster of May 22nd. Coke Ovens in the immediate foreground. fire, nor was the mine wrecked to any appreciable extent—the roof of the fan house blown off and a few planks dislodged at the pit head constituted the sole external evidence of the disaster—and the recovery of the bodies was therefore greatly expedited. Within the twenty-four hours, effective system ruled the rescue operations, and soon the bruised bodies were being sent to the sorrowing town by train loads, and few of the homes in Fernie but bore the significant badge of black upon the door. Coinci- dently the opening of a new cemetery was begun upon the hillside overlooking the desolated town, the site being cleared as though by magic, and one hun- aster in Canada has been productive of so many dramatic incidents as are associated with the Fernie horror. Among the most remarkable of these is that in which a Scottish miner, Donald McMillan, is the central figure. McMillan worked for a time at Fernie, and on the removal of James R. Wilson from the mine management, followed his former chief down to the newer collieries at Frank, his son remaining, however, in the works at Coal Creek. On the night of the 21st of May, in his boarding house at Frank, this Donald McMillan dreamed a curious dream.. It was, as dreams are, vague and incoherent, but it concerned his son, and seemed to forewarn THE MINING RECORD. 229 him that some calamity threatened the lad. McMillan awoke in a fright and so impressed was he by the vividness of the vision that dressing hurriedly he hastened to the railway station. Here ascertaining that on account of washouts all traffic might be stopped for perhaps a week, his strangely-aroused anxiety became increased. He started back to his room, Placing the Bodies on the Funeral Train. but could not rid himself of his presentment. He awakened his working partner and told him of his feeling, and finally he determined, as trains were not running, to walk to Fernie, fifty-five miles away, to join his son. And walk he did, arriving footsore and haggard at the mining camp, but just in time to receive the body of his boy, brought bruised and bleeding from the tunnel mouth. Entrances to the ill-fated workings as seen from Coal Creek. Here is another most pathetic incident. John Stewart and John McLeod, two Nova Scotian miners, had both labored formerly in the Springhill mines, and came unscathed through the disaster there. Both men were engaged to be married. Three or four week ago John Stewart had a brilliant inspiration. Both he and his friend and partner were steady, saving fellows, and both had money saved, to which additions were made each pay day. Two men intent on a common object, can naturally, however, save more money than one, and the idea of which John Stewart became possessed was to pool the savings for the benefit first of one and then the other. The tossing up of a coin would quickly decide which was first to be made happy. The coin declared for McLeod, and so Stewart loyally turned over his savings to his friend until a sufficient sum had been accumulated to admit of his marriage taking place. On the I2th of May the girl whom McLeod was to make his wife started from her home in Halifax for Fernie, the plan providing that the wedding take place on the 24th, as a little special personal celebration of An almost hourly incident in the days following the accident. Miners bearing the body of a fellow worker to the grave. the holiday. Mudslides hindered the progress of the prospective bride by the direct route via Crow's Nest, and being sent the round-about way, she first had'^ news of the explosion somewhere near Revelstoke. Tortured by crudest anxiety, but hoping still that at least her lover would be saved, the girl bravely proceeded to the trysting place. She arrived in Fernie Monday afternoon. That morning the body of John McLeod was borne for burial to the hillside cemetery. On Tuesday his friend and comrade, John Stewart, was laid in a grave beside him. Another pathetic story is woven about the aged mother of a young Slav miner named Bakas, from Pincher Creek, Alberta. So soon as the first reports reached there of the explosion at the mine, Hedrig Bakas, the mother, took the train for Fernie. The iff 230 THE MINING RECORD. slides detained the train, and at Blairmore the an- the battered body of her son, and with tender hands guished mother was told she would have to wait—- prepare it for its last cradling. the gumbo piles could not be cleared away in many There was another hero among the Slavs—seem- hours, and till they were, traffic was at a standstil1. ingly the only one of the Fernie miners of his race. Trueman Weatherby, a miner who distinguished himself on the day of the accident. A funeral at which 28 victims of the disaster were buried at the same time. But could a mother idly wait while her heart was breaking? Hedrig Bakas could not. And so two days later—lame and worn and weary—she walked He was hastening from the mine, his head and shoulder hurt by a fall of coal when the explosion came. He sank exhausted on the tunnel floor, and Funeral train making journeys every four hours to carry bodies of victims to Fernie. Lamphouse No. 2. Miners endeavouring to ascertain by checking the list of lamps issued who were in the mines. into Fernie, to be met accidentally by Dr. Corsan and taken to his hospital. Thence two hours afterwards she was escorted to the mine, in time to receive Duke Dano, a white miner, passing him, breathed a hurried word of pity for one for whom hope had fled. A moment later Dano, his right leg broken THE MINING RECORD. 231 and helpless, himself dropped senseless from a whiff of after-damp. He can just remember the coming of the Slav to save him; how he got him upon his back and desperately fought with air for the lives of both. He won the unequal battle, <too, and now Dano is looking among all of the many Slavs of Fernie to find the man who saved him, and whose name even he has no knowledge of. At a coroner's inquest held on June the 20th to in- Cemetery on the hillside in which the victims of the Fernie disaster were buried. quire into the circumstances attending the deaths of three of the victims, the jury brought in the following verdict: "That the said Steven Morgan, Joseph Sangalla and Wm. Robinson came to their deaths on Thursday, the 22nd day of May, 1902, at or about the hour of 7130 o'clock in the afternoon, in what is known as numbers two and three mines, situated on Coal Creek, near the town of Fernie, in the province of British Columbia, the property of and worked by the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, Ltd. "That we, the said jury, find the initial cause of the explosion being at a point in number two mine aforesaid, not clearly defined, and that said initial cause extended from the said undefined point throughout the greater portion of number two and three mines, coal dust being the conveying medium; and we find in consequence that the inadequate method of watering and removing of the dust left the mine in such a condition to be dangerous, and thereby providing a medium whereby the initial cause was augmented and intensified; that we, the said jury, recommend the government to take such steps to enforce: "1st.—The immediate installation of the most approved system of watering for allaying dust in coal mines. "2nd.—That a more thorough inspection be adopted at these mines, throughout the old workings and rooms contiguous to the air channel, that are not being worked. "3rd.—That the safest explosives and most approved safety lamps be used." Throughout the inquest the chiei effort has been to locate the point in No. 2 mine, at which the ex- plcsion occurred. The miners and their committee have been almost unanimous in their opinion that the explosion originated in the No. 1 machine room, while against this the officials of the company give it as their opinion that the explosion first occurred in McDonald's level. All of the-bodies have been recovered with the exception of three or possibly four. These have been «*res? Carrying the bodies from the mine entrance. buried in the mine and may possibly never be recovered. MINE SURVEYING.f A FEW years ago a paper with this title, no matter how faultless in style or complete and explicit in subject matter, would have possessed a merely academic interest to all but a few of the members of our association. With the rapid increase in the development of the various mineral resources of our province during recent years, however, this branch of the profession is engaging more or less of the time and attention of a constantly increasing number of our members. Just as the surveyor in the southwestern part of Ontario develops, sooner or later, into a drainage engineer, so the surveyor in New Ontario finds himself compelled to become familiarized with mining work. The average "mining expert," as far as he is in evidence in this part of the world at least, is brought to a sudden halt when confronted with any instrument work. Thus the mining engineer who is also an O. L. S., and therefore thoroughly conversant with all kinds of instrument practice, has a long advantage over the "mining expert;" and the mining companies in this vicinity are becoming educated up to the point where they expect the man who does their engineer- tPaper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Ontario Land Surveyors, by Messrs. DeMorest and Silvester, Sudbury. i'l 232 THE MINING RECORD. ing and underground work to be able, also, to do whatever surface surveying may be necessary in connection with the property. The importance of obtaining complete and accurate surface plans of any mining property, before development work is commenced, cannot be over-estimated. Instances could be quoted in this district, where expensive shafts have been sunk and other development work done, completely outside the limits of the property upon which the owners supposed they were working. When the prospector attempts to develop his own "find" he is usually somewhat short of funds, and naturally wishes to spend everv dollar towards showing up the property for sale. When, however, the man or company takes hold, who intends to go into legitimate development for mining, a careful topographical survev of the outcrop and the vicinity should be made, and the location of probable buildings and plant decided upon, so that any development work may be done intelligently and with a definite end in view from the commencement. The position of a happy-go-lucky shaft, which might just as easily have been sunk elsewhere, but which, after completion, is thought too valuable to abandon, may often spoil- the convenient and economical arrangement of the subsequent hoisting and mining plant. Frequently, however, the system of developing by shafts, drifts and crosscuts, or by diamond drill, or by a combination of these, may reveal the ore body in an entirely different form from what was anticipated by the surface showing and formation. In these cases, the most complete plans and surveys possible should be made of all work done, to enable one to decide upon the probable shape and extent of the ore deposits, and the proper location and direction of the working shaft or shafts. We do not recollect any instance where the incline of a shaft has been fixed to suit the convenience of the surveyor. We may say, however, that we have found the most convenient angle to be about 45 or 50 degrees, and the most inconvenient, just less than 90 degrees. In Vertical shafts plumb-bobs are used, hung as far apart as the space between the timbers will permit. Where the shafts are deep, heavy bobs should be used suspended with fine wire or woven cord. A twisted cord will continue to untwist and stretch for hours. If the bob is allowed to hang in a pail of water it will come to rest much more quickly, and be less easily disturbed by air currents. When the line of the shaft is established at top and bottom, whether by transit, if inclined, or by plumb- bobs if vertical, intermediate points should be marked on the shaft timbers, a few feet above the floor of each level, where there will be least probability of their being disturbed. For aligning inclined shafts, diagonal eye-piece on an ordinary transit will suffice in almost every case. For producing the line of the shaft downwards for timbering, etc., the instrument can be set up on the downward production of two points on line higher up. About the only cases where an eccentrically mounted telescope is really necessary, are where a shaft changes its incline, and where a downward production of the shaft line has to be made through a small aperture in a platform or pentice. We have found the most convenient instrument to be one with the extra telescope mounted vertically over the other. This places the eccentricity in the vertical plarife, and obviates all trouble with offsets, except in the rare cases where such an instrument is used for vertical traverses. Permanent traverse points should be established on every level, and the traverse connected with the line of the shaft. A traverse point is usually marked by drilling a hole in the roof of the drift, say four or five inches deep, and driving in a dry wooden plug, which will swell with the moisture and fit very tight. Into this plug is driven a small screw eye from which a plumb-bob may be suspended. Once these points are established on a plan, it is never necessary to get up the line of the shaft for any further work on that level. Everything possible is done to prevent the necessity of having recourse to the shaft, as that means the cessation of all hoisting operations while the work is in progress. There are many contrivances in the wav of plummet lamps, discs or cards with slits, etc.. for use as sighting points underground; but we have found that a common candle is quite satisfactory for all ordinary work. For short sights it can be held a few inches above the plumb-bob string, the latter forming a dark line across the flame. For longer sights the open page of a field book may be held behind the plumb-bob string, and when illuminated by a candle held in front and slightly away from the line of sight, forms a. white background. For illuminating the cross hairs in the instrument, also a candle is all that is necessary. When the transit is not provided with hollow axis and reflector, the cradle may be held at arm's length in front of the objective and slightly to one side. The neat lantern with supporting bracket, should be left in the office to adorn a shelf, together with the short-focus reading glasses., which are usually attached to surveyors' instruments, and all other attachments which are not absolutely necessary. The most convenient reading glass is a jeweller's eyeglass, which leaves both hands free, one for holding the candle, and the other for manipulating the clamp and tangent screw. The use of the very short-focused reading glasses attached renders one very liable to get his hair and eyebrows singed with the flame of the candle. For ordinary work the drifts are usually considered level from the shafts to the stopes; but where extreme accuracy is required, levels are run along the drifts, and bench marks established, the plugs at the traverse station serving admirably for this purpose. The different levels of the mine are connected vertically by measurements down the. shaft, checks being made wherever possible through winzes. The nickel-copper ores of this vicinity do not occur in regular veins, but in columnar or lenticular masses, frequently assuming a somewhat spiral form; and a rapid survey of a large stope of this character frequently calls for the exercise of some thought and ingenuity. There are usually a number of drillers and muckers working in the stope, frequently by contract, and all work must be suspended during the THE MINING RECORD. 233 survey, as the operation of climbing up and down the steep incline is apt to dislodge loose material, which would endanger the life of anyone working below. So it is highly desirable that the most expeditious methods possible be used. Any accessible point along the walls or sloping floor of the stope is defined by placing a candle and reading the horizontal and vertical angles, and measuring the incline distance. The best tape for mine work is a light steel one, 5-16 inches wide, 100 feet long, in closed case and nickel-plated to prevent corrosion from the highly mineralized mine water. For inaccessible points in the roof we have designed an extension rod, capable of measuring heights of sixty feet or over. This rod is made of weed in sections, and varies from three-quarters of an inch square at the top to about two inches square at the bottom. The different sections connect with dowel pins, and a candle is attached near the top. The method used is much the reverse of that of taking soundings in water. Various refinements of method suggest themselves readily after some experience, when very accurate results are required. When a proper system of points has been established in a mine, the projection of new work, such as the sinking of new shafts, connecting different points by drifts, winzes, etc., becomes a simple matter. In sinking a new working shaft it is frequently possible to carry on the work simultaneously from different points, sinking and raising to meet, thus saving a great deal of valuable time. It is simply a case for the exercise of the greatest care and caution, and every possible means should be taken of checking the results, as the work usually involves the expenditure of many thousands of dollars. Too much care for one's personal safety cannot be taken when working underground. One should always be accompanied by a,mine foreman or other experienced miner when going into unfamiliar workings in the mine. On the other hand, when working around a shaft or in other perfectly familiar yet dangerous places, one should be constantly on the alert against that condition of mind so aptly described by the old proverb, "Familiarity breeds contempt." Fire damp is never encountered in mines in this formation (archaen), owing to the total absence of all carbonaceous matter; choke damp very rarely, and only in unused workings. Care should be exercised, however, on venturing into poorly ventilated stopes too soon after blasting. The gases from the explosion are apt to cause violent headache and nausea, especially to one unaccustomed to them. A system of examination called "magnetic surveying," is coming into practice in conection with the magnetic ores of this vicinity. It is used as a means of determining the size and shape, both horizontal and vertical, of ore bodies. The instrument used is called a magnetometer. It consists essentially of a sensitive magnetic needle, swinging between pivots, and mounted somewhat similarly to a ship's binnacle, so that it can be used either in the horizontal or vertical plane. An adjustable magnet, to compensate for the normal magnetic attraction of the earth, is attached to the arm carrying the sights; and the normal magnetic variation in azimuth for the vicinity is obtained. The surface over the ore deposit, and in the vicinity, is then staked out in squares of 50 feet or less, the lines run astronomically in the cardinal directions. The magnetometer is set to read zero both horizontally and vertically, when pointing horizontally in the meridian. Horizontal and vertical readings are then taken with the magnetometer at each intersection. From these readings isomagnetic curves are platted, somewhat resembling contours on a topographical map. A separate plan is made for each set of readings, one called "Plan of Horizontal Intensity;" the other "Plan of Vertical Intensity.' From these plans the probable magnetic poles are defined, giving the major axis of the ore lenses. The magnetometer is also used as a means of prospecting for ore; but we believe its usefulness in this respect is confined to localities where the surface of the rock is covered with shallow swamps or earthy deposits, and the outcrop cannot be seen. To obtain the full benefit from mine plans, they should be revised to date every month. When this is done systematically from the start, such plans form a complete record of progress, showing the extent of any particular working at the end of any specified month, and the amount of work done in such working during any number of months. An original plan should be -made on strong detail paper of each level separately, showing all traverse points. These can be extended each month as the work progresses. For very small workings,'a scale of 10 feet to an inch may be used, but for the average mine 20 feet to the inch is the most convenient scale. From these separate plans a common tracing is made showing all the levels. This plan is really a series of horizontal projections of the various levels upon a plane assumed below the deepest workings. The out-lines of the different levels may be distinguished by different colored inks up to a certain number, say five or six; but coloured inks blueprint very poorly, and it is much better to reserve all colours for rock and ore distinctions. We have adopted another system which seems to be quite satisfactory. The lines consist of long dashes with groups of dots between, the number of dots indicating the number of the level. Thus the first level is indicated as follows . . ., fourth level . ... . ..., etc. Beyond the fourth or fifth level this becomes too cumbersome,, and the dots are replaced by small figures, thus, ninth level, 9 9 9; twelfth level, 12 12 12. Notwithstanding any attempt at distinguishing marks for the different levels, any ■ plan showing more than three or four levels where the ore body is sufficiently nearly vertical that the projections encroach on each other, becomes very complicated and confusing to one not thoroughly conversant with the workings in the mine. So, it is, if not absolutely necessary, at least highly expedient to have a series of plans,, showing the levels in pairs, thus, "Surface and First Level," "First and Second Levels," etc., in addition to the general plan of all the levels. It is seldom necessary to examine any level relatively to any other, except that immediately i 234 THE MINING RECORD. I 1 above or below it. In such cases the general plan may be consulted. The extension each month may be shown by fine dotted lines with the date written on. The general plan need not be revised oftener than twice a year. It is usual to have two vertical plans or sections, taken in directions at right angles to each other. For some purposes it may be necessary to show an actual section along some given plane, even if such plane does not intersect all the workings. It is more usual, however, to make a series of projections of vertical sections taken in parallel planes. The strike of the planes should be chosen so as to intersect the ore bodies as much as possible along their greatest length; and the position of each plane of section shown on the plan of the corresponding level. Any number of levels can be shown in section on one sheet, of course, as the lines do not overlap, as in the horizontal projections. Where the shape of the ore body becomes very irregular, as in the case of a spiral, for instance, it is very difficult to give an adequate representation with two sections at angles. In such cases, the most feasible scheme is to show, in addition to the others, a developed section, along a series of planes following the spiral. Red and blue may be used in general to distinguish1 ore and rock, or as many colours as may be desired for different kinds of rock and varieties or qualities of ore. Surfaces may be tinted on tracings to be sent away, accompanying reports, etc.; but coloured dotted lines only, denoting boundaries between ore and rock, should be used on the original tracings, as ore surfaces of one month may become rock surfaces at the next revision. All diamond drill holes should be shown on the plans and sections, as they form a valuable aid in projecting new development work in the mine. Negative results from diamond drilling, however, should not be allowed to override positive indications from actual workings; for diamond drills have a peculiar faculty for following thin seams of rock between bodies of ore, and vice versa also. Nor need a surveyor be surprised to find the actual intersection of a diamond drill hole with some working several levels below the surface, several feet from the projected intersection on his plan, for these holes frequently dccribe curves, the drill having been deflected by seams or other inequalities in the ground. A complete set of blue prints, showing the latest revision, should always be on file at the mine office, for the daily inspection of the mine captain and the shift bosses. In this way these men become familiar with the workings as they actually are, rather than as they were; and have a much more intelligent grasp of the work. Without plans, the work must be carried on more or less at random; and we have seen instances, in mines where no regular systematic surveys and plans were made, of sufficiently absolutely useless work being done in a month, to pay for regular surveys for a year. BEASLEY COPPER CAMP. By Ronald C. Campbell-Johnston, M.I.M.E. BEASLEY is at present a siding on the Canadian Pacific Railway, lying seven miles west of Nelson, and like the' bear cub has its future and troubles ahead. It was named after an official on the railway, is situated on the north bank of Kootenay river, and has magnificent water power at its doors. From the railway the mountains rise at a steep elevation towards the north to an altitude of 2,000 feet. Smelter Site at Beasley. without going tmder- facilities for open cast working ground are unexcelled. The show mine of the camp is the "Queen Victoria," standing horizontally 1,500 As the copper ore deposits run up diagonally along the face of the mountains, and are of great width, the feet from the railway and vertically 1,000 feet above. Here is a bluff of copper ore standing out in bold re Queen Victoria Copper Bluff. The only rock shewing is entirely copper ore. lief from the country rock, measuring along the face, that is the strike of the deposit, for over 400 feet in length. Across the deposit horizontally the width is 300 feet, and ore also shows vertically for 150 feet, with a westerly dip. The specific gravity of the ore THE MINING RECORD. gives 200 pounds to the cubic foot, the same as the Le Roi, or ten cubic feet in place to the ton. By multiplying these dimensions together and dividing the product by ten, gives ore in sight 1,800,000 (one million, eight hundred thousands) tons, or six years supply of ore at an output of 1,000 tons daily for 300 days each year.. The character of the deposits are somewhat similar to the Boundary mines, being a zone of lime rock flanked by apparently rhyolite walls, changing to gabbros and diorites. The ore is richest in the rhyolite (this nomenclature will have to be authenticated by microscopic examination) then shading off in values to the centre of the lime zone and also into the outer country rock. In estimating the value of the mass of ore in the bluff a complete cross section will have to be made, there only at present being a tunnel 100 feet long, started in the lime zone and not exposing either walls. Sampling this present tunnel by systematic chipping will, therefore, rather underestimate the true values than over-estimate them. Of three engineers all have arrived at different conclusions regarding values per ton, viz.: $9.37; $10.50; and $12. The ore can be quarried, concentrated, smelted and refined on the spot for $4 (four dollars) per ton. Writing off thirty-seven cents per ton for mineral tax, office and brokerage expenses, taking the lowest estimate of the three, gives a profit of $5 per ton, or nine millions on the total contents of the bluff- Surely this is one of the largest natural exposures of ore extant, even surpassing the Britannia mines, at Howe Sound. The estimate is based on three per cent, copper, the balance of values in silver and gold. Below this bluff lies the "Orinoco," "Copper King" and "Copper Prince" claims. Here the gravel wash is very deep, only exposing ore in places near the railway. All the wash is heavily studded with float ore, and a smelter return of a shioment made gave total gross values per ton of $17.85, of which copper contents were 6 7-10 (six and seven-tenths) per cent, per ton. This fact is most encouraging as warranting expectations of richer ore at depth below the bluff. It may be pointed out that although the proportions of the metals differ, the estimated values of this bluff, and the estimated values of the "Le Roi" ore chutes in place are very similar, with tbe advantage of cheaper mining from open cast working in favour of the "Queen Victoria." On apparently the same zone to the northeast, an open cut on the "Rio Tinto." seventy feet across and not reaching either walls yet, exhibits the apex of a copper depos't, which by sampling the full length averages $10.25. To the west along the mountain side on the far side of Garritty Creek on the "Monarch Elk" group is a fine exposure of good copper ore eighty feet wide. This is seemingly distinct from the other deposits, and gives several hundred feet depth for open cast workings. To the north of Bear Creek is another immense showing of ore on the "Samson" group, an estimate of the values of which is impossible until more sections are made. The deposit is in the shape of a cone like the "Mother Lode" mine in Boundary, giving great opportunity for "glory holes" to remove the whole top, and also getting good depth for open work from Bear Creek. To the west of Falls'Creek is a very extensive ex posure of magnetic iron ore. What ore, future development will prove, remains to be seen. Whether a second iron deposit like the Kitchener one, or the capping of a copper deposit, since magnetite occurs in parts with copper on the mountain. Over the first range up Bear Creek are more copper showings. An account of the copper on the south up 49 and Rover Creeks must be given another time. Comparing the values on the "Queen Victoria" with other British Columbia mines, and also in size, prove that Beasley has a great future before it with its natural facilities for water power, and the situation of the deposits. In far Tasmania £900,000 was invested in mining on Mount Lyell before dividends were paid, which have been continuous since; the value of the best grade of ore they treat from the mine is only 2-35 (two point thirty-five) per cent, copper; two ounces of silver, and one and one-third (i£) dwt. of gold per ton, of a gross value of $10.34. Their fuel' is shipped in and their matte shipped out to America for refining. The deep level mines of Montana only yield from three to four per cent, copper. Boundary ores are lower grade, all of which facts demonstrate the immense prospective value of the Beasley camp with ample working capital to erect their own concentration, smelting and refining plants. HOISTING AND HAULAGE IN MINING OPERATIONS—A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT ON THE LE ROI MINE, ROSSLAND, B. C* By Bernard MacDonald, M.E., Rossland, B.C. PROGRESS in everything is marked by continual change and continual growth. Whatever survives the present must change or grow to meet the demands of the future. What was the nearest approach to perfection in the economic arts and sciences a few years ago is antiquated to-day. The truth of these aphorisms is nowhere more clearly demonstrated than the progress made in the art of mining, especially in more recent years. In the early history of mining on this continent, during the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Spaniards were skimming the cream of the phenomenal deposits of silver ores found in Mexico and Southi America the Indian peons, climbing notched poles,, carried the ore out of the mines on their backs. From the mouth of the mines, donkey pack trains carried, it to the reduction works, more or less distant. Iff water was encountered in the workings, it was filled! into leather bags and dragged to the surface by mtaJeg: or horses. The Indians and the donkeys, moving slowly with loads ot trom 50 to 200 pounds, and tlie. mules and horses hoisting the sacked water, constituted the hoisting and haulage system used in the: mining operations of those days. While the ores were rich, near the surface, and the mines were comparatively dry, these methods served very well, that is, the mines operated in this way left *From a paper read before the Canadian Mining Institute. 236 THE MINING RECORD. a margin of profit for the Spanish owner and a living for his peons. But when the ores became poorer, or the mines were exhausted to even inconsiderable depths, or water was encountered, the limit of profitable operations was reached and the mines were abandoned. Thus, human and animal labor, unaided by mechanical appliances, reached tneir limitation, to use the Western phrase, "very early in the game." From this time, history shows that the limitations of successful mining have widened continually as progress has been made in the perfection and adaptability of machinery suitable for the work done by manual labor. It may now be asserted that the economies effected by the use of machinery in mining operations are more prominent in the work of hoisting and haulage than in that of any other department. And although it is true that special mechanical appliances have invaded all departments of mining, it must be admitted that hoisting and haulage, on account of this prominence, are entitled to distinction as the mechanical department. Of course, the introduction of machinery in mining, as in other branches of industry, presumes the certainty of abundance of work, suitability for the work, and proper installation. Without these prerequisites, no installation would be warranted, or the results profitable. Nor does the fact that occasionally it is good business to install auxiliary units of machinery in a large plant to stand guard, as it were, in like manner as insurance is placed, alter this as a general rule. The economic results obtained from the modern hoisting and haulage plant erected on the Le Roi under the design and supervision of the writer, goes to corroborate what has been said, and as this plant has many novel features, both of design and application, it is hoped that a description of it and the economies affected by its operation will prove interesting. In this description which follows, many incidental circumstances, apparently extraneous to the subject matter proper of this paper, will have to be narrated, in order to give a comprehensive grasp of the economic exigencies which created the necessity for this plant. It is also hoped that such extraneous matter will not be uninteresting, inasmuch as it constitutes a chapter in the history of one of the most prominent mines in this province, and deals with many of the peculiar conditions which are, to a more or less degree, characteristic of all mining enterprises. Historical.—The Le Roi was located in the summer of 1890, and in November of the same year it was bonded to a syndicate of Spokane business men. This syndicate completed the purchase of the mine, and on the 23rd June, 1891, conveyed it to the Le Roi Mining Company, which they organized for the purpose of operating the mine. Under the auspices of this company the mine was developed into a paying property, and the company realized from its operations $975,000.00 in dividends before selling it in 1898. S The ore which yielded these dividends was extracted from workings comparatively near the surface, where, owing to the concentrating action of meteoric agencies, the values, originally existing in the entire vein, were concentrated into a streak of varying width. The ore mined was sold to custom smelters, which made a direct charge of $11.00 per ton for freight and treatment, besides making certain deductions from the metal values, which amounted to approximately $5.00 per ton. Thus, the aggregate of the direct and indirect smelting charges was $16.00 per ton. But as depth was attained on the vein, it was found that the values were becoming more uniformly disseminated throughout the great width of vein matter, instead of being, as near the surface, concentrated into a comparatively narrow streak. Thus, as the work of mining progressed in depth, the ore became too low-grade to stand the cost of freight and treatment formerly paid to the smelters and leave a satisfactory margin of profit. This change in the character of the ore induced the company to build its own smelter, so that the profit of smelting the ore might be added to that of mining it. A favorable site was selected at Northport, in the State of Washington, and a smelting plant of the capacity of 250 tons per day was built there in the fall of 1897. In this enterprise the company associated with it to the extent of one-quarter interest, Mr. James Breen, a man of extensive experience in copper smelting. Mr. Breen's ownership of this interest made it necessary to operate the mine and smelter as separate concerns. The smelter was operated under terms of an agreement made between Breen and the Le Roi Mining Company, which provided that all the ores produced by the Le Roi mine for a period of five years should be sold to the smelter on the following terms:—The gross values of the metals contained in the ore was to be paid for at New York market quotations, less $8.75 per ton as direct charge for freight and treatment, and certain specified deductions from the gross metal values in the ore, which amounted to $5.00 per ton additional. Thus the total charges, direct and indirect, for smelting the ore at the Northport smelter, amounted to $13.75 per ton, a reduction of $2.25 per ton under the price charged by outside smelters. This contract was, nevertheless, very profitable for the smelter, the profits earned being distributed, three-quarters to the company and one-quarter to Breen. About this time the president of the Le Roi Mining Company (Col. I. N. Peyton) went to London for the purpose of selling the mining and smelting property of the company. The negotiations which Col. Peyton began, finally resulted in the purchase of all the assets of the company by the British America Corporation, Ltd. This corporation conveyed the property to the "Le Roi Mining Company, Limited," a new company, organized in London to take over and operate the mining and smelting property of the old L.e K.01 Company. The mining and smelting operations of the new company were then conducted under the management otthe new ^London) company, Mr. W A Carlyle bemg local manager until December. 1899, when that gentleman severed his connection with the company to accept the management of the Rio Tinto Copper Mines, in Spam. ^ At this time^n the ioth December, 1899—the THE MINING RECORD. writer was appointed general manager to fill the position made vacant by Carlyle's resignation. On accepting this position I was informed by the directors that no profit had been made by the company's operations and was instructed to examine the company's property and report as to what would be the probable results of future operation. I immediately began the examination of the mine, the compilation of records of previous production and working costs, and a study of the commercial problems involved in the mining and smelting operations of the company. The mine records showed that for the eight months ended June 30th, 1899 (the first eight months after the mine was taken over from the old company) there were 45,167 tons of ore shipped, having an average gross value of $17.33 Per ion> and that for the subsequent six months ended December 31st, 1899, there were 51,448 tons of ore shipped, having an average gross value of $13.66 per ton, making a total of 96,615 tons of ore shipped during this period, having a total gross value of $1,485,423.19. This made the average daily shipment about 250 tons, which, upon investigation, I found was the maximum which could possibly be obtained from the mine with the equipment and facilities it then possessed. To maintain even this, the miners were obliged to climb into and out of the mine to depths ranging to 900 feet so as not to interrupt the production, instead of being, as is usual, hoisted and lowered by the winding engine. The general details of the costs of realization of the gross values per ton of ore for the period under review showed, without making deduction for depreciation of mine or plant, as under: Costs of mining and development $5-55 per ton. Railway transportation to smelter 75 " Ccst of smelting to matte 5.59 § Rtfining tolls and charges, and freight. 1.25 " Breen's profit on smelting contract ... 2.00 " $15.14 Subtracting the costs of realization from the average gross value of the ore, the first eight months operations showed a profit of $2.19 per ton on the production for that period, or a total of $98,915.73, while the last six months showed a deficit of $1.48 per ton, or a total deficit of $76,202.24 on the production of that period, which brought the profits for the 14 months down to $22,713.49. It should be noted as of particular significance, the general lowering of the average grade of the ore produced, and further, that the production of the last three months of the period under review, that is October, November and December, had an average gross value of only $12.50 per ton, which made a working deficit to the company of $2.64 per ton for the ore produced during these months, notwithstanding the profits derived from the three-quarters interest in the smelter. Such were the statistics furnished by the com pany's records for the first fourteen months of its existence. From these it was quite apparent that no profit could be earned unless the conditions under which operations were carried on were modified. The Conditions.—At this time the mine was worked thiough a three-compartment incline shaft, sunk near the easterly end of the property on the variable dips of the vein, to a depth of 940 feet. In this shaft, at approximately 100 feet distant from each other, stations were cut and level drives run easterly and westerly in the vein. Along these drives stopes were opened and worked upwards in the ore bodies. The exhausted stopes were timbered by the square set system. The ore was stoped by drilling with machines run by compressed air, and by blasting with d37namite. The ore when blasted was shovelled into chutes, down which it gravitated to the levels, the larger pieces being sledged into sizes not exceeding 10 inches in diameter. From these chutes it was drawn off into steel push-cars having a holding capacity of from 18 to 22 cubic feet (about one ton of broken ore). These cars were pushed by the trammers to the shaft stations and their contents dumped into the storage pockets cut under the stations. The storage pockets had a holding capacity of from 700 to 900 cubic feet, that is to say, 40 or 50 tons of ore each. From these pockets the ore was loaded into the hoisting skips and lifted to the surface by a double drum, direct acting hoisting engine, cylinders 20x42 inches. These skips dumped automatically at the surface, running in counter balance, the empty skip being lowered as the loaded one is hoisted. On being dumped at the surface, the ore gravitated into a receiving car which was pushed along to the various distributing stations over the sorting floor, where it was dumped before the squads of ore sort- •ers, whose duty it was to pick out the second-class ore from the shipping ore and shovel the two classes into separate.bins. From these bins the ore was trammed in the receiving bins at the head of the tramway, and the second-class ore was trammed to the second-class ore dump. From the receiving bins the ore was loaded into four-ton cars and run over a surface gravity tramway, 700 feet in length, with a fall of 250 feet, to the lower or loading terminal, where it dumped through a chute into the railway cars. As each of the railway cars was loaded, it was moved by men and an empty one substituted, until a train of from ten to twenty 30-ton cars was made up. When, as often happened, there were no empty cars, all the men at the various stages in the passage of the ore from the stopes to railway cars, were thrown idle because there were no intermediate storages of sufficient capacity to hold the ore accumulating in the interval. Under these conditions, and with the facilities and equipment briefly described above, the average output (250 tons per day) for the fourteen months under review, was hoisted from the mine, sorted and loaded on the railway cars. The details of the cost per ton of hoisting, sorting and tramming to and loading on the railway cars is given in the following table:— 238 THE MINING RECORD. i!fA;l; 1 i TAble I. -Hoisting-— Fuel 8 tons @ $6 oo=$48 oo or $o. 192 per ton Engineers 3 @ 4 00= 12 00 or 0.048 " Firemen 2 @ 3 00= 6 00 or ^Skiptenders 4 .... @ 3 50= 14 00 or int., depreciation & renewals 1 50 or Oils and waste 50 or 0.024 0.056 0.006 0.002 $0,328 per ton Sorting— Foremen 2 @ $3 oo=$6 00 or $0.024 per ton Topmen 4 @ 2 50=10 00 or 0.040 " Waste trammers 4 @ 2 50=10 00 or 0.040 " Oretrammers 12 @ 2 50=30 00 or 0.120 " Sorters 32 @ 2 50=80 00 or o.320 " Int., depreciation, renewals and tools. I 50 or 0.006 " $0.550 per ton Tramming to Railway— Brakemen 1 @ $4 oo=$4 00 or $0.016 per ton Carmen 5@ 2 50=12 50 or 0.050 " Carmen at railway 3 @ 2 50= 7 50 or 0.030 " Int.,depreciation, renewals and tools. 2 00 or 0.008 " $0.104 per ton Total cost $0,982 " After the mechanical handling of the ore produced as above described, the next item of cost attaching was 75 cts. per ton for railway freight between the mine and the smelter. This was the contract pri;e made with the railway some three years before for all the ore to be produced by the mine for the term of five years. On arrival at the smelter yards, the ore was dumped from the (bottom-dumping) railway cars into the receiving bins. From these it was loaded into push- cars and trammed to the roast yard and dumped over the roast heaps being built there, into which it was fed by shovelling—six men being required for this work. The crushed ore was elevated and put through the sampling mill. When sampled, the ore was again 'elevated to the "high line" bins. From these it was (loaded into push-cars and trammed to the roast yard, .and there on trestles over the roast heaps being built. Table II. following gives an itemized statement of the cost of the different handlings of the ore as above 'described, between the mine and the roast heaps, including the railway freight. Table II. /Railway Freight— Under contract $0.750 Unloading and Crushing— 2 Dumpmen @ $2 40=$4 80 or $0.019 16 Trammers to crushers @ 2 50=15 00 or 0.060 2 Crusher feeders @ 2 50= 5 00 or 0.020 Repairs and renewals 0.050 Sampling- $0,149 1 Foreman @ $5 oo=$5 00 or 0.020 1 Sampler @ 3 50= 3 50 or 0.014 1 Topman @ 3 00= 3 00 or 0.012 1 Bintnan @ 3 00= 3 00 or 0.012 Interest, depreciation and renewals o. 100 Power o. 125 $0,283 Tramming to Roast Yard— 6 Trammers to roast @ $3 oo=$i8 00 or $0,072 Depreciation and renewals o.010 $0,082 Total cost $1.264 Table III. Giving Summary of the Per Tonnage Costs attaching to the Ore for Hoisting; Sorting; Tramming to Railway; Loading on Cars; Railway Freight to Smelter; Unloading and Crushing at Smelter; Sampling and Elevating at High Line; Tramming to Roast Heaps. 250 tons possible. Hoisting Table I. $0,328 Sorting " I. 0.550 Tramming to railway " I. 0.104 Railway freight to smelter, contract " II. 0.750 Unloading and crushing at smelter " II. o. 149 Sampling and elevating to high line bins.. " II. 0.283 Tramming to roast heaps " II. 0.082 Total $2,246 The costs of stoping, timbering and development work will not be considered here, although they were also indirectly and unfavourably affected to a considerable extent as to cost. Extraneous Conditions.—While my investigation 51 the economical factors affecting the operation of the Le Roi was proceeding, that is, during the first two months of 1900, new conditions were commencing to affect the mining industry of the Province unfavourably. The burdens of the eight-hour law passed by the Provincial Legislature during its session of 1899 , were beginning to be seriously felt in Rossland, which was the only important district that continued mining work after the law became effective, paying the same wages for eight hours' work as was formerly paid for ten hours' work. The law had been in operation for the last eight months of 1899 and the returns were coming in a way that there was no mistaking the result. Careful calculations made by Mr. R. E. Palmer, chief engineer of the Le Roi mine during 1899 and part of 1900, and now assistant to Mr. W. A. Carlyle at the Rio Tinto mine, showed that the additional cost of operating the Le Roi since the eight-hour law became effective, amounted to a sum which added $0.72 per ton on the ore produced {250 tons per day). During the same year (1899), contract work in the mines had been prohibited by the Miners' Union, and statistics showed that the mine costs during that year reached nigher figures in the Rossland mines than in any other camp in the Rocky Mountain regions. The Provincial Legislature during its session in 1900 passed a law doubling the tax which had previously been imposed on the gross output of metalliferous mines. Prior to this time the Provincial tax had been 1 per cent, on the gross value of the ore produced, less freight and treatment charges. This tax was raised to 2 per cent, on the same basis by the new law just passed. It will, perhaps, be pardonable to digress for a moment, to say that the Mine Owners' Association protested vigorously against the passage of this law, pointing out that the regular annual addition of the new laws passed by the Provincial Legislature oppressive to the mining industry could only result in driving capital from seeking investment in the Province. The law was passed, however, in disregard to the mine owners' protest and representations, and, I re-' gret to say. the results then pointed out have come to pass. The mining industry, vigorously commenced in the early '90's in a new undeveloped mineral region of exceptional promise, should have ad- THE MINING RECORD. 239 vanced by leaps and bounds, but it has barely held its ground, and while the tonnage produced has increased in some instances, the dividends are few and far between. Thus stood the economical conditions affecting the operations of the Le Roi mine in February, 1900, two, months after the writer had assumed its management. The prospect was not very bright; in fact, it was very gloomy. All the per tonnage expense of mining, development, depreciation, renewals, hoisting and delivering the ore to the roast heaps at the smelter, government taxes, smelting ore to matte, loss in smelting operations, freight charges on matte to Eastern refineries, refiners' tolls and charges, interest and discounts, and Breen's profits of $2.00, amounting to $15.15, had to be paid from the gross vaiues in the ore, which had fallen to an average of $12.50 per ton during the last quarter of 1899, and the balance was expected to be—profit, to pay dividends to shareholders. Facts to be Determined.—It could not be expected that the metals in the vein would reverse the persistent and natural tendency they manifested from the surface to the 800-ft. level already noticed, and become concentrated into smaller and richer streaks such as were found near the surface. The average character and grade of the ore in the vein already found to exist .belcw the circulation of surface waters was the best that could reasonably be hoped for in the deeper levels, that is the metals would be found distributed more or less uniformly throughout the entire width of the vein-filling in the deeper levels, which meant a larger tonnage and a lcwer-grade ore. Future operations would have to deal with these facts intelligently if they would be profitable. The experience of the previous fourteen months, wherein 96,000 tons of ore were mined and smelted, leaving practically no profit, showed how futile it would have been to continue operations on the same scale in the face of a lower average grade of ore than was dealt with during that time. Could existing conditions be modified so as to make operations profitable? This was the problem which had to be solved affirmatively or the mine abandoned, for the company could not be expected to continue operations while making a loss of from $2.00 to $3.00 per ton of ore produced. Of the numerous factors required for the solution of this problem, the main one was the determination of the quantity and grade of the ore in the mine, and the probability of its downward continuation. This was the one which had to be more or less accurately determined before it was worth while to consider the others. In due course it was ascertained that there were approximately 1,000,000 tons of ore in sight in the mine, having an average gross assay value of $12.50 per ton, and it was considered probable that the ore be dies would extend indefinitely downward. The problem, thus simplified, then appeared as follows:— Can the costs of realization, now $15.14, be so reduced as to leave profit on the $12.50 ore; and if so, what profit can be reasonably expected? Contingent Calculations.—Proposed Plans.—Careful calculations showed that the costs of realization might be reduced to $8.00 per ton providing an expenditure of about $1,250,000.00 was made on new development and equipment of the mine, and increase of the capacity of the smelting plant. This expenditure provided for: 1. Freedom of the company from dictation of the Miners' Union so that, by re-establishment of the contract system, the company could contract its work to the best workmen, and would have to pay only for the work actually done, instead of the time spent in doing it. 2. The purchase of Breen's one-fourth interest in the smelter, and his contract for smelting the ore. 3. The sinking of a five-compartment shaft on the mine, and the erection of a modern plant of hoisting machinery and handling facilities at its head, of ade- qrate capacity for an output of 1,000 tons per day of 10 hours. 4. To enlarge the Northport smelter so as to have a marginal capacity of from 400 to 500 tons daily for custom ore, in addition to that required for smelting the increased production of the Le Roi, viz., a total capacity of 1,500 tons per day. Difficulties Overcome.—When the position of the company, as above described, was fully understood bjr its directors, I was authorized to carry out these plans if the necessary financial arrangements could be provided for from the operation of the property. The difficulty of making satisfactory arrangements for financing the company seemed, at first, almost insurmountable—the chartered banks of the Dominion being compelled by law to lend money to mining companies only on the security of liquid assets such as ore on dump or in stock in smelter yards or furnace products in transit. This required a margin of production over and above that required to finance the normal mining and smelting operations, sufficient to meet the cost of the new work. Fortunately, however, this difficulty was soon solved. A two-compartment winze sunk on the vein from the Black Bear tunnel to the mine workings on the 700-ft. level was equipped with a 150 h.p. electric hoist and pressed into service as an auxiliary shaft. All mining timbers and supplies, the general mining traffic and the miners going to and from their work, passed through this new outlet. This relieved the congestion at the old shaft so that it was soon possible to almost double the ore production. The output was immediately increased to an average of 443 tons per day, and later on to 600 tons per day, which gave the desired margin of unincumbered ore available for security for the funds required for the proposed improvements, which could now proceed as rapidly as desirable. The option previously obtained to purchase Breen's interest in the smelter for $300,000.00 was exercised, this sum being borrowed from the bank. This left the company the complete owner of the smelter and all the profits on the smelting operations, which reduced to it the costs of realization to $13.14 per ton, except the deduction for interest on the $300,000.00 borrowed. The proposition to introduce the contract system in the mine was next tackled. This was vigorously 240 THE MINING RECORD. I opposed by the Miners' Union, who refused to allow their members to work by contract. The mine was, in consequence, closed down for a period of 66 days. At the end of which time the Union consented to allow their members to work by contract, as proposed, and the mine was re-opened under freedom to utilize this system. The results proved very satisfactory to the company and to its employees as well. The possibility of earning wages commensurate with skill and experience attracted the best miners from surrounding camps. In the hands of skillful miners, the maximum capacity of the machine drills was soon reached, and with the increase of output came a general lowering of costs, although the miners continued to earn more than the standard scale of wages. A suitable location for the five-compartment shaft had been selected and its construction commenced. Simultaneously, the excavation for the foundations of the several units of the proposed new plant was begun, as was also the preliminary work for increasing the capacity of the smelter. During the latter part of March, or the early part of April, all the necessary preparations were made, and the work of constructing the new plan commenced. Inasmuch as a detailed description of the several units comprising this plant would be very lengthy and, perhaps, too tedious, I will content myself with the following brief description of them, referring only to their more prominent features. Boiler Plant.—This plant consists of nine horizontal, return tubular, steel .shell, high pressure boilers, set in three batteries of three boilers each; and two Heine Safety Water Tube boilers set in one battery. In the aggregate, this plant has about 2,000 nominal horse power—sufficient to supply the steam necessary to operate all the machinery connected with the mine and have one of the four batteries out of service. ' The spare battery is always held ready for steaming when any of the others in service require cleaning or repairs. This plant is modern and complete in all its details, and is equipped with all the most improved devices (except mechanical stokers) to provide for safety and continuity of operation at the lowest cost for attendance and maintenance. The selection of the site chosen for this plant was suggested, (1) by its accessibility from the high line spur of the railway from which the coal is delivered to the storage bunkers behind the building; (2) because of its safe distance from the other units, in the •event of fire originating in it; (3) convenience to the large cooling reservoir, where the steam pumps for fire protection and pumping back the water for con- -densing purposes, are located. Steam is transmitted from this plant to all the steam engines through a series of insulated steam lines. A 9-inch steam line, carrying steam at 140 pounds pressure, connects with the two air compressors. Two additional steam lines run through the Black Bear tunnel and connect with the hoisting ergines at the head works of the combination shaft. One of these is an 8-inch and the other .a 6-inch line, the 8-inch line being the one generally used, the 6-inch being held in reserve in case of acci- •dent to the 8-inch line. Each of these lines is insulated by two layers of cellular asbestos covering, and provided with the requisite number of steam traps and expansion joints. This arrangement of concentrating the boilers into one suitable location and transmitting the steam to the separate units of the plant, gives greater economy, satisfaction and security from fire than could be obtained if separate boiler plants were installed adjacent to the engines requiring the steam. Air Compressing Plant.—This plant consists of two compressors, one having 22x36x48 inch cross compound condensing steam cylinders, with 22x36x48 inch two stage air cylinders; the other, 22x36x48 - inch, with cross compound condensing steam cylinders, with 22x38x48 inch two stage air cylinders. The combined capacity of these two machines is 8,000 cubic feet of free air per minute at sea level, compressed to 95 lbs. gauge pressure. One of these compressors was installed during my management, and the other installed by the old company in 1896, but this latter was remodelled in some essential details at the time of the newer installation. Both compressors were built by the Canadian Rand Drill Co., and both have given entire satisfac tion, although in economy and efficiency there is a very marked difference in favor of the latter installation. It is very interesting to notice the improvements made in the manufacture of this class of machinery in the four years that transpired between the building of the first and second of these machines. The operation of this plant has proven very economical, a working test extending over a period of thirty days during ordinary working conditions showed a coal consumption of 1.9 pounds per horse power per hour, and that air was being compressed to 95 pounds per square inch at the low cost of $1.59 per each 100,000 cubic feet of free air compressed. This calculation did not include the interest on the investment or depreciation, but all other costs. The air compressed by this machinery is transmitted into the mine workings through a series of air receivers and two pipe lines. The air receivers consist of boilers rejected from the old steam plant and erected in the open air immediately outside the compressor room. The two pipe lines leading from these receivers extend to the bottom of the mine workings, and consist one of 8-inch and the other of 6-inch pipe, with branch lines leading off, carrying the compressed air to the workings on the various levels. The extensive cooling surface afforded by the number of tubes in the boilers thus converted into receivers, permits of the condensation of the moisture contained in the condensed airs; besides, the lor.g, ample pipe lines in themselves serve as a second series of receivers, passing through which most of the moisture contained in the air is condensed and precipitated, to be blown off as it accumulates in the receivers placed on every working level in the mine. The air, thus drained of its contained moisture, goes to the drills and the pumps in the best condition for service, and freezing of the machines driven by it is unknown. Hoisting Plant.—This plant, installed at the head works of the combination shaft, consists of two modern types of first motion winding engines, one of THE MINING RECORD. I,ooo and the other of 500 nominal horse power. The larger hoist is the standard Allis-Chalmers design, with some special features incorporated to meet our views. This engine is used exclusively for hoisting ore, and is not called upon to do any of the general traffic of the mine. Devoted to this specialty, its efficiency and capacity is increased, as the engineer has only this special work to perform and is not confused by the call signals for other purposes. The smaller hoisting engine consists of a pair of 20x30 high pressure engines, and is equipped with four auxiliary engines, with which the clutches, reversing gear and brakes are handled. This engine was especially designed for the rapid and safe hoisting and lowering of men, and the gen- ei al traffic incidental to the mining operations, and is exclusively used for these purposes. Heating Plant.—This consists of a Sturtevant fan heater, and heats the headworks and sorting room by hfat generated from the exhaust steam of the hoisting engines. Combination Shaft.— This shaft, having dimensions of 27^x6 feet clear of outside timbers, is sunk on the average dip of vein, 690 from the horizontal, to a depth of 1,125 feet (June 30th, 1901). It is divided into five compartments, two of which are used exclusively as /oadways through which the ore is hoisted from the pockets at the stations on the various mine levels and delivered to the crushing machinery at the headworks; the two adjoining ones being used for the general mine traffic, that is, hoisting and lowering men, timber, tools and mining supplies ; the fifth compartment being used as a manway and for the compressed air and water pipes, and electric wires. From the hanging wall side of the shaft at the various levels, stations have been cut to accommodate the general traffic of the mine. Underneath the floor of these stations, pockets are excavated having a holding capacity of about 500 tons each. These pockets are used to receive and store the ore trammed from the stopes until it is suitable to hoist it. At the 900-ft. level, a large catch basin or wat-r tank having a holding capacity of 50,000 gallons, has been excavated in the solid rock in the footwall side of the shaft. This tank receives all the water flowing from the various parts of the mine. Over it the mine pumping plant is installed, and the accumulated water is lifted a height of 600 feet to the Black Bear tunnel, through which it flows to the surface. The four hoisting compartments in the shaft are tracked with 36-lb. "T" rails and provided with timber guides, to prevent the hoisting skips from leaving the track. Head Frame at Shaft.—This is 85 feet high from the collar of shaft to the bearings of the sheaves, .and is built of Douglas fir in a very substantial manner, calculated to withstand the strains due to the rapid lifting of heavy loads from a state of rest by the two hoisting engines. The ore hoisted is dumped automatically on grizzlies set in the head frame at a height 65 feet above the collar of the shaft. The delivery of the ore at this height provides sufficient elevation for its auto matic passage by gravity over the grizzlies and through the crusher into the storage bins beneath, from which it is delivered, by automatic feeders, to the Sorting Tables. Crushing, Sorting and Sampling Plant.—This plant occupies in part the building enclosing the head frame at the combination shaft, and continues into a wing extending from it 100 feet in length by 30 feet in width and three stories high. The machinery of this plant was especially designed for the crushing, sampling and sorting of ore in continuous operation as comes from the mine, completely preparing it for smelting operations. The transportation and handling of the ore from the time it is broken in the stopes to its delivery in the smelter yards, is briefly described as follows:— The ore, when blasted down in the stopes, is broken into pieces of suitable size, say 10 inches ih diameter, shovelled into chutes, and from them trammed to the storage pockets at the combination shaft. From these pockets it is drawn off into the hoisting skips through chutes opened and closed by steel gates, actuated by-compressed air cylinders. By these means the ore is loaded rapidly and cheaply, it only requiring a few seconds to fill a four-ton skip. The loaded skips, holding 4 tons, are hoisted to the surface and dumped automatically over the grizzlies, which are arranged to divide the ore into three classifications. The size too large to fall through the grizzly bars, gravitates over them to Comet crusher, set to crush to 4-inch sizes, the largest size suitable for the subsequent sampling and the smelting furnaces. The fines falling through the grizzly bars pass directly to the "fines" receiving bin, from which it is automatically fed to a conveying belt and carried to the sampling machinery without sorting. The ore passing through the Comet crusher falls into the "coarse" receiving bin, from which it is fed automatically to two endless conveying belts. These belts, including the belt carrying the fine ore, are each 100 feet in length between centres, and adjusted to travel at the rate of 45 feet per minute. On either side of the two belts carrying the coarse ore the sorters are stationed, who pick out the waste and second-class ore, allowing the shipping ore to be conveyed past them to the sampling machinery. On falling from the conveying belts, the ore passes through the sampling machinery, consisting of three Constandt cone samplers, a Blake crusher, Cornish rolls, Bridgeman sampler, small Comet crusher and small Bridgeman sampler, where a uni- foimly proportional sample for assay is "cut out" and quartered, ready for the assay office. The sorted ore, after passing through the sampling machinery, falls into a storage bin, having a holding capacity of 1,000 tons. This bin was intended to hold in storage the production of the mine for 24 hours, in case of accident or repairs needed for the aerial tramway, which could be stopped for 24 hours without interfering with the mining operations. All the operations of hoisting, screening, crushing, cenveying and sampling the ore in its passage from the pockets at the shaft stations in the mine to the railway cars, is automatically conducted, and the 242 THE MINING RECORD. cost of this work, as may be seen from Table IV., is reduced to a very low figure. Electricity is the motive power used for driving this plant, one 150 horse power induction motor driving the Comet crusher and one 125 horse power synchronous motor driving all the rest of the machinery. This power is supplemented by a 250 horse power Corliss engine, to be used as the motive power for driving the machinery in case of accident to the electric motors. The electric motive power has given very satisfactory and economical results. Ore Bins and Aerial Tramway.—When the ore is crushed, sorted and sampled, it falls into a bin having a holding capacity of 1,000 tons. This bin is situated under the sampling mill, and is equipped with a delivery chute, which is opened and closed by a steel gate attached to the piston of an air cylinder, embodying the same principle of construction as the chutes from the pockets in the combination shaft. The ore is fed through this chute into an automatic loading device, which loads the buckets of the aerial tramway while in motion. This device is operated by one man, who easily loads and controls the travel speed of the tramway, so as to deliver 120 tons per hour at the terminal bin at the railway. The Aerial Tramzvay is of the two rope system—one stationary, carrying the sheeve wheels from which the buckets are suspended; the other hauling them and controlling their speed. It was built by Mr. B. C. Riblet, and has numerous patent devices owned by that gentleman. The attachment of the compressed air cylinder for operating the loading chute was designed by the writer, and is said to be the only tramway equipped with that device. There are 26 buckets attached on the moving rope and spaced on it 65 feet apart. This rope has a speed travel of 268 feet per minute. The buckets have a holding capacity of 10 cubic feet, or 1,000 pounds of crushed ore. and are arranged to dump automatically at the railway terminal bin. Only the one man who operates the automatic loading device and the brake at the leading terminal is required to operate this tramway t."> its full capacity. As the ore dumps in the terminal bin at the railway, it falls on grizzlies, the bars of which are spaced i-J- inches apart, and set at an angle of 400 over the centre compartment of the bin. In passing over the grizzlies, the ore is screened into two classes, coarse and fines. The fines, passing thiough the grizzlies, fall into the centre compartment of the bin, the coarse, gravitating over the griz- zlie, goes to the outside compartments. This separation gives the classification desirable for building the heaps for roasting at the smelter. This bin has a holding capacity of 1,600 tons of crushed ore, and, as above indicated, is divided into three compartments, the centre compartment holding the fines, the two outside compartments the coarse ore. The ore from these compartments is loaded into the railway cars through triple chutes, one triple- mouthed chute leading from each compartment. These chutes are opened and closed by compressed air lifts, and operated by one man. A train of from 20 to 25 empty cars, each of which has a holding capacity of from 30 to 40 tons of ore, are "spotted" at these bins by the engine, which also moves each car of the train under the spouting apron of the chutes as required. It requires less than a minute to fill a car from this bin. It may be explained here that when the plans for increasing the output of the mine were made known to the officials of the Great Northern Railway, they consented to modify the contract existing with the company by reducing the freight rate to 40 cents per ten, on an output of 1,000 tons per day being maintained. The ore is hauled to the smelter in bottom dump cars, which empty their contents into the ore bins set under the spur track recently built. This spur track and the ore bins built under it are part of the recent construction for increasing the smelter's capacity and cheapening the handling of the ore there. From these bins the ore is drawn off into push-cars and trammed directly to the roast heaps. The repeated handlings of crushing, sampling and elevating formerly-required to be done at the smelter being unnecessary now since all that work is done at the head works of the mine automatically by the machinery irstalled there. .Thus it will be seen that the ore is taken from the pockets of the mine, hoisted and conveyed through the crushing and sorting processes, trammed to the railway, loaded on to trains and then hauled to the smelter yards, all by machinery and with the least possible handling in transit. It is hypothetically possible for the ore to pass frcm the pockets at the 900-ft. level of the mine to the roast heaps at the smelter, 18 miles distant, in l hour 41 minutes 8 seconds, this time being occupied between the various stages of passage as follows:— h. m. s. Loading in skip at 900-ft. level 05 Hoisting and dumping at surface , 30 Crushing and feeding to travelling belts 10 Passing over travelling belts before sorters 218 Gravitating through sampling mill machinery to bins beneath 05 Loading buckets of tram and delivering to bins at railway 3 Loading on railway cars I By rail to smelter, 18 miles 1 30 From smelter ore bins to roast heaps 4 Total 1 41 8 In ordinary operations this speed is modified by the length of time an)r given quantity of ore rests in the bin storages provided between the different stages of progress from the 900-ft. level of the mine to the roast yards at the smelter. In fact the pockets at the various levels in the mine or the storage bins underneath the crusher or at both terminals of the aerial tramway are seldom empty, a condition that would be necessary to effect the travel speed given in the above table. The costs of hoisting, crushing, sorting, sampling, aerial tram to railway, loading on railway cars, railway haulage to smelter and distribution to roast heaps, of 1,000 tons of ore daily between the pockets in the mine and the roast yards at the smelter, as above described, is given in fable IV. following':— THE MINING RECORD. Table IV. Hoisting— Per Ton Fuel, io tons @ $5.75 per ton=$57.5o per day or $0.0575 Foremen 2@ 3.00 per day= 6.00 " " 0.0060 Engineers 2 @ 4.50 | == 9.00 " " 0.0090 Wipers i@ 3.50 " = 3.50 " " 0.0035 Skip tenders 2@ 3.00 " = 6.00 " " 0.0060 Interest, depreciation and renewals.. 4.40 " " 0.0045 $86.50 $0.0865 Crushing, Sorting, Sampling— Foreman 1 @ $5,00 per day=$5.oo per day or $000.50 Crushermen i@ 3.00 " =3.00 " " 0.0030 Sampler i@ 3.50 " =3.50 " " 0.0035 Oilers 1 @ 3.00 " =3.00 " " 0.0030 Sorters 30 @ 2.50 " =75.00 " " 0.0750 Oil and waste 1.00 " " 0.0010 Electric power 10.00 " " 0.0100 Interest, depreciation and renewals.. 2.00 " " 0.0020 . $102.50 $0.1025 Aerial Tram to Railway— Tram runners 1 @ $4.00 per day=$4.00 per day or $0.0040 Interest, depreciation and renewals.. 5.00 " " 0.0050 $9.00 $0.0090 Loading on Railway Cars— Spouting into cars, attendance $0.50 per day or $0.0005 $0.50 $0.0005 Haulage— Railway to smelter $400.00 per day or $0.4000 $400.00 $0.4000 Distribution to Roast Heaps— Foreman 1 @ $4.00 per day=$4.oo per day of f 0.0040 Trammers 15 @ 3.00 " =45.00 " '* 0.0450 Interest, depreciation and renewals.. .11.00 " " 0.0110 $60.00 $0.0600 Totals $658.50 $0.6585 In Table V. following, is given a comparison of the Per Tonnage Cost of hoisting, sorting, crushing, sampling, tramming to railway and loading on cars, railway haulage to smelter and distribution of ore to the roast heaps, as done with the old machinery and facilities, and that done by the new plant. Table V. Difference in favor of Old New new machinery. machinery machin'y Hoisting—Tables I, III, IV.. .$0.3280 $0.0865 $0.2415 Crushing, sorting, sampling— Tables II, 111,1V 0.9820 0.1025 0.8795 Aerial tram to railway $0.0005 Loading'spouting) r'y cars... 0.1040 0.0090 Tables I, IV 0.0095 0.0945 Haulage, railway to smelter.. Tables II, IV 0.7500 0.4000 0.3500 Tramming to roast heaps— Tables II, III, IV 0.0800 0.0600 0.0220 Totals $2.2460 $0.6585 $1.5875 From this Table the following deductions may be trade:— Daily Saving effected on output of 1,000 tons.$ 1,587.50 Monthly (25 days) " " '" . 39>687-50 Yearly (300 days) " " " ■ 476>250.oo In connection with the installation of the hoisting and haulage plants above described, various accessory facilities, including railway spurs, have been constructed, which have materially cheapened the costs of realization that have previously prevailed. A general description of some of these follow, but the economies effected are not given, as the main object of the paper is to describe the new system of hoisting and haulage at the Le Roi mine and the economies effected by it, as compared with the old system. Carpenter Shop and Framing Shed.—Here all the mine timbers are delivered from the railway cars, and are framed to square sets by machine saws, of which there are two sets, each complete in itself. The high line spur of railway is on a level with this plant, so that the timbers roll directly from the cars to the framing saws. When framed the timbers are loaded on the timber trucks, run through the Black Bear tunnel to the station at the combination shaft, there loaded on the cages and lowered to the different levels in the mine. The mining timbers are thus handled and framed in a most economical manner, and a very material saving is effected on the cost of wagon haulage and hand labor by which this work was formerly done. Blacksmith and Machine Shops.—These adjoin each other, and are furnished with modern designs of forges, power hammers, lathes, shears and the general equipment necessary for the repairs and maintenance of a plant of this character. The forges and machinery for these shops, as well as for the carpenter shop and framing shed, are run by compressed air or steam. These shops are on a level with the railway, and all supplies used are delivered directly from the railway cars. Powder Magazine.—A new fire-proof powder magazine has been built of stone and brick, alongside the high line spur that passes the portal of the Black Bear tunnel, blacksmith shops, etc., at a convenient though reasonably safe distance from the works. Thawing House.—On the same track, and midway between the Black Bear tunnel and the powder magazine, a thawing house, equipped with steam heat, has been built. This is reached by the mine cars, which carry the thawed powder directly to the Black Bear station in the combination shaft, from which it is sent to the various levels as required. These arrangements do away with the cartage and consequent risk incidental to the extra handling of the powder, the importance of which will be recognized when it is known that the amount used daily in the mine approximates 2,000 pounds. Water Supply and Fire Protection Systems.—A complete system of water supply for the machinery and for protection against fire has been installed, and, as a consequence, a very material reduction in the rates of insurance has been effected. The systems are a combination of the gravity and pumping systems, each supplementing the other. The gravity system operates under a head of 300 feet, and the pumping is done by two Standard Underwriter's pumps having a capacity of 500 gallons per minute each against a 400-ft. head. The arrangement of these systems, which includes 31 hydrants strategetically located around the various buildings, is such that a very efficient fire service can be maintained with very little cost to the company, 244 THE MINING RECORD. and the safety of the plant from fire may be considered assured if ordinary precautions are taken. On the completion of this plant, the insurance companies made a reduction of 40 per cent, in the prem-» iums previously paid for insurance. The construction of the entire plant as above described was not finished until the month of May, 1901, although many of its units had been completed tnd utilized in the mining operations several months before. Owing to the industrial activity that prevailed during the period of construction, it was almost impossible to close a contract for the delivery of machinery of any considerable size short of nine or ten months from date of signing contract. This and other factors prolonged the time occupied in construction to double what would have been sufficient under favorable conditions. The working of the completed plant was successful from ':he start, and the.results shown in the preceding tables have been taken from actual operations. Smelting Plant.—The enlargement of this plant had kept pace with the facilities provided at the mine for the increased extraction of ore, and in the month of May, 1901, five furnaces, having a total capacity of 1,250 tons per day, were erected. The sixth furnace was on the ground ready to erect, which would have brought the total daily capacity of the smelter up to about 1,500 tons. For the purposes of this paper it will not be necessary to give a description of the smelting plant, except to mention its increased capacity and facilities afforded for handling the increased output of the mine. In the installation of the mining and smelting plants, great care was exercised in the choice of such machinery as was best adapted for the work to be dene, while every portion of the plant was constructed with a view of obtaining the highest possible efficiency and economy in operation at the lowest cost. The saving effected in the hoisting and haulage operations of this plant is worthy of the attention of mining engineers, for, as shown in Table V., this alone would make a very considerable profit on the mining operations, if conducted on a large scale. All the cost of installation of the mining and smelting plants, and the purchase of Breen's quarter interest in the smelter was paid from the profits of the mining operation for the eighteen months ended June 30th, 1901, besides leaving a balance of $135,132.79 unencumbered product at the smelter. The following statement, Table VI., shows the cost of these plants, and hence the profits earned during the period named:— Table VI. Smelter— Cost of James Breen's smelting contract and one- quarter interest in smelter $300,000 00 Cost of interest paid on this amount 10,785 75 Cost of new smelter additions and handling facilities 185,442 00 The total cost of the smelting plant $496,227 75 Mine— Cost of 1,125 feet combination shaft, mine development and exploration $292,426 40 Cost of new mining machinery 210,086 05 Cost of new buildings enclosing the plants 99,3H 13 Cost of underground mach'ry and equipment.... 64,453 45 The total cost of mine development, machinery and equipment $666,277 °3 The total cost of mining and smelting plants. .$1,162,504 78 On hand at smelter, ore and furnace products, unencumbered as security to Bank ^i^2 79 The total net earnings for 18 months $1,297,637 57 Economies Effected.—As indicating the extent to which the costs of realization of the gross values in the ore may. be reduced under full operations of the new mining and smelting plants, Table VII., giving the costs for the fiscal year ended June 30th, 1901, follows:— Table VII. Mining— Stoping $3,362 per ton Exploration 138 Equipment 094 Depreciation of buildings 030 Depreciation of machinery 106 Freight on ores 510 1.420 Smelting— Matting ores $4,252 per ton Depreciation smelting plant 100 " Realization of Smelter Product— $4-352 Interest and discount $0.145 per ton Eastern representative 0.027 " Sacking and crushing matte 0.044 'J Freight on matte 0.536 " $0,752 Making the total cost of realization $9-344 In the foregoing table, the costs of realization show a reduction of $5.80 per ton under the costs prevailing while Breen owned the quarter interest in the smelter, or $3.80 per ton not counting Breen's profit of $2.00 per ton of ore smelted. For the year reviewed, in Table VII., the mining operations had comparatively little benefit from the completed plant, although it must be acknowledged the saving effected by the several units of it completed earlier in the year, was very material. Nevertheless, with the full benefit of the completed plant, a still further reduction in the costs of realization may be confidently expected and while the direct saving effected by the new hoisting and haulage plant is only $1.5875 per ton over that of the old machinery, it will be readily seen that the saving effected in the other departments on account of the high capacity and efficiency of this plant is solely, though perhaps indirectly, attributable to it. In other words, the hoisting and haulage plant and the incidental facilities installed on the Le Roi mine have made possible whatever reduction under $13.14 can be made in the costs of realization. It has been shown that with only part of the plant in operation during the year igoo-'oi, the reduction amounted to $3.80 per ton. And it is reasonable to expect that with the larger output now possible, the operations w|ll show a still further reduction of costs in all departments. . Concluding Remarks.—The data collected in this paper show that for effecting the highest economy in mining operations where a large output can be THE MINING RECORD. 255 maintained, the following equipment and facilities should be provided:— 1. An efficient and up-to-date system of hoisting and haulage. 2. Such incidental facilities as will ensure, as nearly as may be, the continuous operation of every plant comprising this system. 3. Intermediate storages of ample capacity for ore, in the mine and between the different sections of the plant, to provide against the stopping of the ertire plant if an accident to any one section occurs. 4. Separate hoisting compartments for the ore, and for the general traffic of the mine. 5. All loading from the storage bins to be done through chutes opened and closed by compressed air. 6. Where hand sorting of ore is advisable, it is to be done on travelling tables of steel or rubber passing before the sorters at a speed not exceeding 45 feet per minute. 7. The waste and second grade ore to be picked out and dropped into bins underneath the sorting floor, the sorted ore to be allowed to be delivered to the sampling machinery automatically. 8. The boiler plant to be installed not nearer than 200 feet to any of the other units of the system and at a point, if possible, where the storage of a reasonable quantity of whatever fuel is used can best be effected. 9. A convenient grouping of the various units of the surface plant adjacent to the entrance of the mine, which should be accessible by railway, or by an easy system of wagon roads. 10. An efficient system of fire protection operating preferably by gravity, or a combination of gravity and pumping. If the latter is used sufficient tank storage should be provided, so that, in case of fire breaking out, water under sufficient pressure will be available at once while the pumps are being started. These features, so far as possible, have been kept ia sight in the design and construction of the plant, herein described. Before closing this paper, I feel it my duty to state that in the design and construction of this plant, I was ably assisted by Mr. William Thompson, who occupied the position of Assistant Manager with the ce mpany. COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. ABSTRACT OF ENGINEER'S REPORT OF OPERATIONS AT YMIR MINE AND MILL FOR THE YEAR I9OI. MINE DEVELOPMENT WORK. THE shaft was sunk during the year 116 feet, and at 31st December had reached a depth of 30 feet below No. 6 Level, or 655 feet below the apex. Between No. 4 and No. 5 Levels the quartz broken from the shaft had assayed 0.33 ounces gold and 1.68 ounces silver, which, on the whole, are higher results than were obtained from above from the quartz lying nearest the footwall. At No. | station, however, where a general average can be had, the assays of ore gave 0.52 ounces gold and 2.12 ounces silver. Below No. 5 the shaft is either intersected by a transverse dyke several feet wide or is mainly in the footwall country, on account of the vein having flattened slightly. At No. 6 station the car sample assays, on account of the presence of the dike, are low, viz., 0.17 ounces gold, but against this hand samples have given 1.32 ounces gold and J.20 ounces silver. The station and crosscut here show the vein 19 feet wide, including the usual lean or barren streak on the hanging wall, but the balance is well mineralised. The progress of the shaft was annoy- iugly slow for the year, for various reasons, the chief of which were, hard rock, water, and inefficiency of pumping and hoisting by compressed air. In the latter part of the year, however, we carried a steam line into the shaft and discarded the use of air, with satisfactory results, and although the rock has not materially changed in character we are less troubled by water, which seems to be lessened in quantity by the gradual approach of No. 10 Adit, from which a cons'derable volume flows constantly. During January 1902, 44 feet were sunk, thus showing a much better rate, the depth being at 1st February, 74 feet below No. 6, or practically 700 feet from surface. no. 10 ADIT. This was driven during the year 1,257^ feet, (since this report was issued the vein was encountered in this tunnel at a distance in of approximate! 22,000.) OTHER DEVELOPMENT. This work underground was partly devoted to making several raises for facilitating stoping operations above No. 4 Level, cutting station at No. 6, and drifting on Nos. 4 and 5. The balance was in prospecting on the Mugwump claim, and driving a crosscut from No. 2 Level to explore the ground north of the main vein. The ore broken from various points covered by development, but not credited to that department of our operations amounted to 4,365 tons, and the total cost of the work, excluding No. 10 and the shaft proper, was $17,099.71, or $0,2459 Per ton of ore milled, as compared with $0.2995 per ton milled in 1900. RESERVES. For the purpose of calculatng the tonnage of ore blocked out in previous years, we have assumed that twelve cubic feet in place were the equivalent of one ton. Now, however, with a better knowledge of the constituents of the ore at depth, it seems more near the truth to call this factor eleven cubic feet per ton. At this ratio we had at 31st December, 1901, approximately, 54,000 tons remaining above No. 3; Level. On No. 3 Level the ore body is at least 340* feet in length, and its average thickness is a little: over 17 feet. So far as exposed in No. 4, the thickness is about 28 feet, while at the stations of No. 5 and 6 levels it is 17^ and 19 feet respectively- Practically no drifting has been done at No. 6, and thus, thorough conversatism limits the reserves below No. 3 to a triangle whose apex is at No. 6 station and whose base is 340 feet along No. 3. At 17^ feet thickness and eleven feet per ton this block contained as at 31st December, 80,000 tons, more or less, thus making the total reserve 134,000 tons, or approxi-. mately two years' run of the stamp mill at its present fl ,! 246 THE MINING RECORD. rate of consumption. I feel compelled to add, however, that this is rather unfair to a mine, which, above No. 3 Level has produced an average of close on to 500 tons for each foot in depth, and for purposes of rough calculation, this factor appears to be reasonably applicable to tonnage below No. 3, as far as*No. 6. Below this point we cannot see at present, for the shaft is in the footwall, as stated above, and the vein will not be crosscut until we reach No. 7. STOPING. This operation has been carried on essentially as described in my last annual report, and the system of filling stopes with waste from the hanging-wall country at the surface has continued to prove a very successful and economical one. The total cast of filling and timbering stopes for the year amounted to about 32 cents per ton milled, whilst, inclusive of such of the general mining costs as are applicable to stoping, that operation cost us only $1.52 per ton as compared with $1.84 pei ton during 1900. The ground lying just under the surface, say for forty or fifty feet in depth was more or less difficult of winning and of dangerous nature because of the many fractures existing. I am glad to report, however, that nearly all of the ore from this bad ground is exhausted, and our mine foreman, Mr. Turner, deserves particular credit for having won this material without having had a single serious accident among his men. In fact only one serious accident has ever occurred at the property, and not one which has proved fatal. There were sent from the mine to mill in 1901, 69,540 tons, of which 69,505 tons were stamped and 35 tons sorted out and shipped as crude ore. About 1,100 tons remained in tramway bins and in mine chutes, and thus the total ore broken was approximately 70,600 tons. MILLING. The following is a summary of the battery records by months for 1901 — Running time 80 stamps. Tons Crushed. January 29 days 17 hours 5.500 The costs of operation and repairs per fou for 190: and 1900 are compared below :— February 25 " 2 March 29 " 18 April 28 I 12 May 27 " 9 June 26 " 14 July 30 " 9 August 29 " io^; September 28 " 22^ October 29 " 8 November 26 " 3 December 28 " 10 Year. 339 15 Average. 28 M 1901. 1900. Operation. Repairs. . ..$0.668 $0,146. ... 0.66 0.24 . Total. .$0,814 . 0.90 4,39° 6.450 6,030 5,800 5,610 5>993 5.822 6,210 6,37o 5,48o 5,850 69.505 5,792 Tons crushed per 24 hours run 204.65 Tons crushed per 24 hours per stamp 2.558 These figures compare favourably with corres- . ponding ones for 1900, which were 197.10 and 2.464 respectively; and the increased duty of 1901 is accounted for partly by use of better shoes and dies, partly by the use of iron guides on several of the batteries, and finally, in part to using a courser screen on the batteries which supplied the experimental cyanide plant. We regard the result as- a good one for 850 lb. stamps, with hard quartz, and No. 11 slot screens in three-quarters of the mortars. There was thus a decided decrease in cost of repairs and a slight increase in operation. If, however, we omit from operating cost of both years the expense caused by firemen and fuel, the result would be found in favour of 1901 by ten cents per ton. The mill's share of expenses for fuel and firemen in 1901 was nearly $11,500, or over 19 cents per ton. It should be remarked in this connection that there was only a slight snowfall in the winter of 1899-1900, and the volume of water available for purposes of driving stamps was consequently small during last summer. But, admitting abundant water, our power-flume was designed for 40 stamps, and we have had to rely on the other hand on very poor fuel, and power cost, therefore, is higher than I wish. Omitting cost of power, our milling operation is shewn to be $.474 per ton, and this I think a very favourable result when we consider the high wage paid in this country, the heavy cost of supplies and the large amount of concentrate produced (7-2 per cent). Several small economies were effected during the year, notably by the automatic discharge of concentrates to bins on the lower floor. This avoids nearly all tbe former expense of emptying the concentrate boxes, immediately under the vanners, which are now cleaned only once a month, whilst the concentrates are sacked directly from the bins into which they flow by gravity. On the whole, our mill plant has been kept up to a good degree of mechanical efficiency, and watchfulness at every point has resulted in very good saving of values. I am glad to state in this connection that our net losses in tailings were, per ton of mill feed, only 0.088 ounces gold. This means an actual recovery of 79.35 per cent, of gold present in the original ore, and when one considers the complexity and baseness of the concentrate, a recovery of nearly 80 per cent, is a subject of congratulation. TRAMWAY. The wire ropeway from mine to mill has worked very satisfactorily, and although two new ropes were purchased during 1901 (one being still in reserve), the total cost was a shade under ten cents per ton. Of this the cost of operation was about six cents and of repairs and rope about four cents. TRANSPORT. This item of operating expenses continues to be a heavy one. It includes, sacking of concentrates, the sacks, and hauling the material about four miles by wagon to Ymir station. The cost was 21V* cents per ton of ore, or $2.97 per ton dry product hauled. This is slightly(one cent per ton of ore) higher than in the previous year, because of increase of concentrate shipped. This cannot be materially reduced except by the presence of a light, narrow gauge railway of five miles length, the cost of which we believe should be a -matter of consideration when we know what the No. 10 Adit shall reveal. THE MINING RECORD. 241 QUANTITIES AND GROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Product. Weight, on. Gold. „9M- ,Lbs: Gross Silver. Lead. Value. Bullion.... 34,086.36 18,658.265 12,620.38 §$393,116.15 Tons. Concentrate... 5,002 4,567.181 61,463.49 2,156,317*152,886.24 Tons! Crude Ore 35 55.007 660 61 19,622 *i,6so.o4 Ozs. Cyanide experiment. 1,850 257,903 1,001.19 §5,887.72 Totals 23,538.356 75,745.67 2,175,939 $553,540.15 §100 per cent, gold at $20.67; IO° Pe* cent, silver at N. Y. quotation. *95 per cent, gold at $20.00; 95 per cent, silver at N. Y. quotation, and 90 per cent, of lead at London quotation less $1.00 per 100 lbs. The actual average net price receive d by us for our lead in 1900 was $2.(59 ^>er I0° ms-» whereas in 1901 RECOVERIES AND VALUES PER TON TREATED. Product. Ozs. Ozs. Per ct. Gold. Silver. Lead. Bullion and Cyanide 2721 0.196 5-7378 Concentrate and Crude 0665 0.893 1.56 2.2222 Total, 1901 3386 1.089 1.56 7.9600 Total, 1900 3646 1.425 1 86 8.8813 Thus showing a decrease in gross value recovered of 92 cents per ton, of which 41 cents is due to price and 51 to grade. OPERATING COSTS PER TON, 1901. MINING. ^abor- C^s. Totals- 1,1652 .3554 1.5206 0.1885 -0574 0.2459- 0.0283 .0194 0.0477 Stoping Development. Repairs Total Operation MII/UNG. 1.3820 0.4322 1.8142 0.3138 0.3546 0.6684 PLOT SHEWING WORK DONE DURING YEAR 1901. HOCltt,iC»0 AO/T ELEVATION. _ POCKlfiHt>//Ai YMIR SHAT7. il we got only $1.65 per 100 lbs. The difference, $1.34 RePairs ^f8!6 ^f °'1454 per 100, represents a decrease to us amounting to Total 0-3964 0.4174 0.8138- $26,241,00 on the lead produced by us in 1901. For tramway. our silver we received in 1901, $.586 per ounce, as fa^H^J^gS^ £*£ ££g St compared with $.618 for 1900. This means a decrease of income for 1901 for our silver, amounting to $2,- Total ao681 °°298 a0979' 302.00. Thus, had 1900 prices been maintained our ^ ^mah^t.^ 0.1705 0.2151 gross value of produce would have been $582,083, in- fficb stead of as above, and the value per ton would have salaries ' 0.1047 0.1047 been $8.37 instead of $7.96. Assaying.7.777 0.0019 0.0205 0.0224, 248 THE MINING RECORD. Cables and Postage Printing and Stationery. Travel 51; 0.0082 0.0043 0.0099 0.0082 0.0043 0.0099 Total. 0.1066 0.0429 0.1495 CONTINGENT AND GENERAL. Discount and Exchange 0.0093 Taxes o. 1186 Insurance °-°393 Legal Charges 0.0019 Miscellaneous 0.1102 Total 0.2793 Expressage, freight and smelting of product 1.0626 COSTS SUMMARY. Totals. Per Ton. PeIg^°n' Mining 126,158.75 1.8142 2.1367 Milling 56,59256 0.8138 0.8996 Tramway 6,815.76 0.0979 0.1076 Transport i4>959-53 0.2151 0.2027 Office & Management 10,394.59 0.1495 0.2198 Gen. & Contingent... 19,42485 0.2793 . 0.2837 234,346.04 3-3698 3-8501 Freight & Smelting.. 73,892.68 1,0626 0.9901 Totals 308,238.72 4.4324 4.8402 The decreased cost per ton for 1901 as compared with the previous year thus amounts to 8^£ per cent. CYANIDE PLANT. A year ago we were constructing an experimental cyanide plant under the direction of Mr. E. C. Holden, and the operation of this small installation of ten tons daily capacity was in that gentleman's charge until its taking down a short time ago. During the period of operation 3,100 tons of tailings from the vanners were treated, and the actual recovery of metal sold averaged:— Gold, 0.083 ozs- Silver, 0.323 ozs. per ton: a saving of about 84 per cent, of the gold, and 30 per cent, of the silver from material.treated. The actual extraction was considerably higher, but the losses are accounted for principally by absorption in the material of wooden vats used, and the necessary crudity of an experimental plant. The general result of the work was such as to justify the Board in authorizing us to proceed with the construction of a plant designed to treat all of the tailings from the stamp mill, and ground was broken for this about 1st August last. The plant is now practically complete and should be in operation by 1st March. We have had to put up with several annoying delays on the part of the contractor for all the iron work, consequent on strikes, and these delays have not only prevented an earlier completion of the plant, but considerably increased its cost. My next annual report, I trust, will show that the entire expenditure incident to the construction will have been defrayed, and that a profit will have been made on the operation. GENERAL. I think that the Company has every reason to congratulate itself on the result of the year's operations, for although there has been a slight decrease in grade this has practically been offset by reduced costs, and we are still endeavouring to decrease our expenses. Although our general and contingent expenses are somewhat less than for 1900, we hope to have them less still this year. Taxes paid to provincial government amounted to $8,246.62 for the year. This is equivalent to 3.36 per cent, of our operating profit, and is levied on the value of the ore at the mine, i.e., without deducting mining costs. We have looked in vain for some amelioration of this condition and a lessening of the burden, but any change is not yet in sight. As previously stated, one of the heaviest of our charges is that of power supply, and the problem of how to secure it at lower cost is now the chief one before us. Our fuel is poor and expensive and the cost will increase somewhat during the • current year. Depending to a great extent on the developments at No. 10 Level, I, therefore, must say that we shall soon be driven to serious consideration of a probable expenditure of $30,000.00, or thereabouts, for power purposes, and if No. 10 proves the mine to be what we have every reason to think it, the above sum will be a small one, in view of the advantages to be gained. We have spent in the aggregate considerable sums during the past year on capital accounts, but we hope to be able to cut these very materially from now on. During this year, however, the cost of connecting the No. 10 with upper workings, in at least two- places, will be rather heavy, and we shall also have to establish a permanent traction system at this level. Expenditure for these purposes must, therefore, be an ticipated. Nevertheless, with the cyanide plant running and the stamps continuing their present efficient work, I am confident that we may look forward to a highly prosperous year, and much increased profits. In conclusion I wish to say that, in a large measure I we owe our thanks to Mr. G. H. Barnhart, Superintendent, for his untiring energy in connection with our work, and for the success he has attained in re-j ducing our costs. SAMUEL S. FOWLER. ROSSLAND AND SLOCAN SYNDICATE. At the fifth ordinary general meeting of the Rossland and Slocan syndicate held in London, Eng., the directors reported that they as vendors of the Snow- shoe mine at Phoenix to the Snowshoe Gold and Copper Mines, Ltd., have agreed to accept the purchase price of £150,000 in fully paid shares in the new company. The syndicate is therefore the largest shareholder in the Snowshoe, and two of the directors are also on the board of this promising new undertaking. The profit and loss account shows a net profit of £17,367 ios. 4d. for preliminary expenses, development work, office expenses, directors' and auditors' fees, etc. In addition 80,000 shares in the Snowshoe Gold and Copper Mines, Ltd., valued at i8o,ooo, have been transferred to reserve account. The nominal capital of the company is £100,000,. and of this amount on December 31st last, 87,340 shares were issued. Of these 70,033 shares were fully paid and 17,307 were 12s. 6d paid up, leaving a balance of 12,660 shares to be issued. mm ■H THE MINING RECORD. 249 PAYNE CONSOLIDATED. At the annual general meeting of the Payne Consolidated "Mining Company, which was held in Montreal last week, it was decided to acquire the adjoining well-known property, the St. Keverine. The Payne leads extend through the same. The Payne company now own a portion of the St. Keverine stock. The assets of the company, according to the annual report, are as follows: Mines, mineral claims and assets, $2,609,433.82; permanent equipment, buildings, machinery, etc., $42,108.52; office furniture, $501.07; mine supplies and stores on hand, as per inventory, $2,740.75; accounts receivable, $3,- 303-53; cash On hand and in banks, $53,544.82. The profit and loss accounts show the cost of mining and development to have been $69,190.65; freight and treatment, $12,608.95 5 ore tax, $595.24; general expenses, $576.88; Montreal office expenses, $1,642.63; tcols and appliances, etc., $1,111.56; written off permanent equipment, $1,881.81; repairs to machinery, buildings, tramways, etc., $4,698.63, and directors' compensation, $2,000. The retiring directors were re-elected. THE IRON RESOURCES OP BRITISH COLUMBIA. REPORT OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE. AT A MEETING of the Voters' League, held in the subject of the Iron Industry of the British Victoria on June 24th, the following report on Pacific Coast was presented: We, your committee appointed to investigate the resources of this province in iron ores with a view of determining the economic value of the same, together with a comparison in cost of manufacture, and prospective markets should smelting and rolling mills be established, beg to make the following report: ORE DEPOSITS. Your committee find that very large deposits of magnetite ores are to be found within the districts of Victoria, Alberni coast, Nanaimo, Bella Coola, Cariboo, Silmilkameen, Kamloops and Queen Charlotte Islands. Hematite also exists, the extent of which remains as yet a matter of conjecture. Prospectors are now looking up these properties and fuller information will be available to your committee within a short time. LOCATIONS. Of the developed properties, upon which a value from an economic standpoint may be based, those of the Texada Island may be cited. It is here the Puget Sound Iron Company own 2,700 acres, situated on the southwest side of the Island. Sufficient development has taken place to expose an ore body estimated by experts as representing 8,000,000 tons of commercially valuable iron, which gives a detailed test of from 68 to 70 per cent, iron, and comparatively free from objectionable properties. Arrangements have been made to transport this ore by a gravity tramway 1,100 feet in length and 500 feet j above sea level, with the intention of making regular shipments to the smelter at Irondale, Washington. Here the ore is subjected to a mixture of from 1-9 to 3-10 of bog ore obtained near Hamilton, Skagit County. From this an excellent foundry pig is made, and was utilized in building the United States war vessels Olympia, Monterey, Charleston and Oregon, by the Union Iron Works Co., of San Francisca. Experts have pronounced this a superior article to the Eastern manufacture, and it is certainly a compliment to the British Columbia magnetite ores. Of other properties upon which development work has taken place, mention may be made of the Serata, with an ore body of 80 feet wide, a depth of 90 feet, with an easterly extension of considerable distance; over 800 feet has been crosscutted with excellent results. The Copper Island and Sheshart have each an ore width of over 100 feet, a tunnel has been made at the latter of 200 feet wide with a depth of 800, a very extensive body of limestone lying contiguous \o this property. On the Copper Island a tunnel of 100 feet wide and of the same depth has exposed a vein from 15 to 20 feet, assaying 60 per cent, iron and no impurities. This has been traced for over half a mile, and described as one of unlimited supply. Her- matite deposits lie in close proximity. These mines are situated in the Barkley District, and are bonded by an American syndicate who expect within a short time to expend three million dollars in the erection of smelter and rolling mills. The Redonda mine is situated on the north shore of West Redonda Island, the north shore of whidh rises abruptly from the sea to a height of over 3,000 feet. The ore outcrop is situated at an altitude of 450 feet, a foothold to this rapid rise being afforded only by the standing timber. In 1893, 623 tons of magnetite ore were shipped to the Oswego Iron & Steel Co.'s furnaces in Oregon. This work exposed an open face of solid magnetite 30 feet wide by 30 feet in height, assaying 66 per cent, per ton. No further work has been recorded, and owing to the peculiar situation little is known of the extent of this deposit. The Glen iron mine at Cherry Bluff, near Kamloops, on the line of the C.P.R., is another which has produced in a small way. The product of this mine is of excellent quality, 66-83 Per cent, metallic iron, and the annual output of from 500 to 2,000 tons being conveyed by aerial tramway to the C.P.R. tracks. This ore has been extensively used for flushing purposes by the smelters of Tacoma, Revelstoke and Nelson. The estimated ore in sight being given at 2,000,000 tons. The Kootenay River deposits reported by Dr. Dawson are quite extensive, and are of a magnetite character, their situation renders them of little commercial value, lacking facilities for cheap transportation, jj Another extensive deposit of a hermatite formation was discovered by Mr. Ludloff, a German geologist, in the Cariboo District. This measures 500 feet "n thickness, and, like the former mine, is of little value with the present means of communication. At Port Renfrew a vein of 100 feet in width has been located, and this is situated some seven miles from tide water and assays 68.8 per cent. iron. A tunnel at Rivers Inlet 100 feet wide with a corresponding depth has exposed a vein of 30 feet width, assaying some 69 per cent. iron. Little is known by record of the two latter deposits beyond that here stated. 250 THE MINING RECORD. In addition to the forementioned properties, deposits of a more or less extensive nature have been discovered at Sooke, Chemainus, Toba and Knight's Inlets, Comox, Nootka Sound, Bella Coola, Alberni, Graham and Moresby Islands, Similkameen and other points, showing conclusively that iron ore deposits are not confined to any particular locality. It is an undoubted fact that immense bodies of both magnetite and hermatite lay awaiting development the moment demand and favourable conditions exist for iron and steel production. QUALITY. The investigations of your committee show that while quantity is a prime factor in the distribution of iron deposits throughout the Province, the quality and commercial value of the same is of the highest order. Numerous assays have been made and tests applied in England, Scotland, Pittsburg, and indeed many of the leading iron laboratories of the world, in which the iron ores of this Province have not only held their own, but have been proved superior to many now used in course of iron production. Space alone prevents your committee from giving a resume of analysis in this report, but they can be tabulated if it is the wish of this meeting, and filed for future reference. SHIPPING CONDITIONS. A peculiar feature of the iron distribution on the East and West Coasts lay in their accessibility to deep water shipment. Many of the deposits are situated at the very edge of ocean navigation, with sufficient grade for chuting the ore into bins at salt water. It is stated in some locations ore can be quarried at 20 cents per ton and delivered on board of steel scows for 30 cents or less. In this respect an advantage is possessed by the Coast properties over the inland deposits; another important factor is the abundance of timber for making charcoal. The immediate deposits of limestone and coal, together with magnificent water power stretches for generating light and motive powers all point that nature has destined this Province as the workshop of the world. COST OF MANUFACTURE HERE AND ELSEWHERE. This is a phase of the inquiry in which your committee have experienced difficulty. The short time allotted for report has not afforded us an opportunity of collecting data upon the subject, and in view of the comprehensive reports now being received by the Provincial Government from British consular agents residing within spheres of the iron industry, together with the increased rate of wages paid on the Coast to labour, we deem it advisable to leave this question subject to future investigation and report. We are satisfied, however, with the favourable conditions mentioned elsewhere, and that the abundance of raw materials other than iron will more than offset any difference arising from a wage comparison. As showing the difference in point of supply and manufacture between the Irondale smelter in Washington and the Collingwood of Ontario, your committee submit the following as a probable estimate. It must be remembered that it requires two tons of iron ore to produce one ton of pig. At the Irondale smelter the Texada ores are laid down as undermentioned : Mining and delivery of two tons of ore at $1 per ton $2.00 Freight on same at $1 per ton 2.00 Royalty, at 50c. per ton 1.00 Unloading ' 3° Duty 40 Total per ton of pig iron $6.10 Collingwood smelter: Ore supplied by the Superior Power Co., owned by the Helen mine, at $1.30 per ton, 1 2-3 ton, $2.16 per ton pig. Estimated cost of manufacture, Collingwood smelter: Ore, 1 2-3 tons at $1.30 per ton $2.16 Fuel, 1,800 lbs. coke, at $4 per ton 3.60 Lime 15 Labor 1.05 Maintenance and interest, 10 per cent 1.28 Power, oil, etc 25 Office ".. .25 Total $8.74 Probable estimate to Irondale smelter: Ore, 2 tons at $3.05 $6.10 Fuel, 1,800 lbs. coke 3.60 Lime 15 Labor, 100 per cent, additional 2.10 Maintenance and interest, 10 per cent 1.28 Power, oil, etc 25 Office 25 Total $13.75 Or a difference of about $5 per ton. The estimated cost of ore to the Irondale smelter would suffer a material reduction if smelted on the West Coast, owing to the abundance of raw materials on the spot, and a saving in the freighting, unloading and duty. If the Dominion bounty of $3 per ton were taken from the cost, the local manufacture would be brought down to $10.73 Per ton or less. In establishing the iron industry on this side of the line an immediate demand would be created for lime, charcoal, coal, coke, and a dozen and one necessities, requiring the employment of large numbers of skilled and unskilled labourers. This would give a stimulus and lead to the establishment of many other industries little thought of at present. A permanency would be thus attained and a rapid development would take place, leaving the Pacific base of supply practically in our hands. MARKETS. This is a subject which might, in conjunction with the foregoing chapter, be referred for future report. In addition to observations on the cost of manufacturing, reliable information is now being received by the Bureau of Information on iron consumption. This should be disseminated as early as possible, for upon this question lies the immediate or future establishment of smelters and rolling mills. The incomplete returns in the hands of your committee are of snail value to manufacturers or capitalists; but probable markets may be found to exist for a British Columbia product in Japan, a large consumer with little or no iron of her own; China, Mexico, Guate- THE MINING RECORD. rrala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Republic of Columbia, Philippine Islands, Venezuela, Ecqua- dor, British East Indies, and possibly Australia. It is worthy of note that Japan alone imports from all countries iron and steel manufactures of $16,000,000 value—an increase of 100 per cent, over the preceding year. It will be seen at a glance that these markets, if supplied by Canada, must, owing to transcontinental railway charges, depend upon Pacific Coast mills and factories. With unhampered restrictions upon the raw material from British Columbia, it is possible that our energetic neighbors might arise to the occasion and become formidable competitors. Much depends at the present juncture on the uses made of our opportunities. Your committee are of the opinion that this question has not been entered upon too soon. IMPORTS OF IRON AND STEEL. As showing the extent of the home market, the following figures are taken from the Statistical Year Book on imported iron and'steel manufactures, exception being taken on ship's boilers, fish hooks, printing presses, tin plate, sheets, etc. Year ending 30th June. :. Free. >9 $2,673,033 3 rj 3,080,346 53 2,554,238 23 1,843,826 V 2,488,860 V i>947,i33 72 3,864,989 46 4,147,379 73 7,130,160 35 8,042,323 Total 10 years: Dutiable, $122,734,612; free, $37,- 778,287; or a grand total of free and dutiable imports of $160,512,899 for the past ten years. DOMINION GOVERNMENT BOUNTY ON STEEL. Recognizing the immense advantages accruing to the Dominion in being enabled to provide for the ever-increasing demand for iron and steel, the Dominion Government offers a bounty of $3 per ton on pig iron made from Canadian ores, and $2 per ton on foreign, and a further sum of $3 per ton on steel ingots. This bounty is reduced 20 per cent, per annum after the 23rd day of April, 1902. It is possible, however, owing to the success attending its efforts, that an extension might be given for several years—until, perhaps, 1907. This aid has been supplemented by the Ontario Government, which has added $1 per ton for pig iron manufactured in Ontario from Ontario ores. This provision, with other concessions, has led to the establishment of the steel industry upon a substantial basis, and_ a corresponding prosperity in the provinces wherein located. Owing, however, to the rapidly increasing demand in consequence of internal development, it will be some time before any perceptible impression is made upon the imports, and a splendid field is_ afforded in this province for further extension in this direction. LACK OF PROVINCIAL INFORMATION. It is greatly to be regretted that so little information is forthcoming upon such an important subject Dutiable. Free. Total. 1892 $ 9,968,409 $2,673,033 $12,641,442 1893 10,113,177 3,080,346 13,199,223 1894 8,776,533 2,554,238 11,310,771 1895 7,405,923 1,843,826 9,249,749 1896 8,463,747 2,488,860 10,952,607 1897 8,666,497 1,947,133 10,613,630 1898 12,691,772 3,864,989 16,556,761 1899 15,621,346 4,147,379 19,768,725 1900 22,299,073 7,130,160 36,429,233 1901 18.738,135 8,042,323 26,780,458 from official sources, and it is to be hoped the government will see its way clear to keep one or two practical men constantly in the field—thus enabling it to keep in closer touch with the development now going on—reporting upon fresh locations and supplying capitalists with reliable information as to our mineral wealth. The question of re-staking claims demands immediate attention. Gross abuses of the present act exist, and many good locations are tied up, which greatly affects any attempt at development. RETICENCE OF PROSPECTORS. The best information obtainable on the character of magnetite and hermatite deposits is at present in the possession of private prospectors. Your committee have interviewed a number of these gentlemen, and it would appear that considerable activity is going on at the present time in the interests of wealthy syndicates having in view the immediate establishment of smelters and rolling mills. It is owing to this fact that little can be gleaned from private prospectors. They represent to your committee that being under engagement to the companies referred to they are not at liberty at the present time to give out any information. When this has been presented to their principals, we are led to believe that the league will be placed in possession of information regarding a number of unreported properties. IMPRESSIONS. In pursuing the investigations called for, we have been particularly impressed with the immense distribution which has taken place by nature of the raw materials throughout this Province, and particularly so of the Island of Vancouver. At a period in our history when the various manufacturing interests of the world have been brought to such a perfected state and increasing at a rapid ratio each year, it would appear to us that the time must be necessarily short before world-wide attention is directed this way. From the manufacturing possibilities presented to us by the great wealth lying dormant in forest and sea, from a harnessing of electricity to the water powers of the West Coast to assist in bringing about a cheaper method of production in man's requirements, much is to be expected. The importance of such factors few appear to realize, and of the future that lies before us how much remains with ourselves in bringing it about in our own time, thus replacing present conditions with those of a happier nature. SUGGESTIONS. In suggesting to the league methods which think would prove beneficial and tend toward the immediate development of the iron industry in this: Province, your committee have written to the Bureau of Information for the Province of Ontario for all information showing the course pursued by that Government in giving encouragement to iron and steel smelting in that Province. This will be shortly forthcoming, and will be placed before you for consideration and action. We believe the iron and steel trade to be the foundation of all the industries of a country, and there is no reason why, with the advantages possessed by us, full enjoyment should not be taken of the privileges. 252 THE MINING RECORD. To bring forward debate, your committee make the following suggestions: i. That the Minister of Mines be asked to have the various ore bodies reported upon, that accurate knowledge be forthcoming regarding: (a) The locality ; (b) Quality of ore; (c) The extent of deposits, and commercial value of the same. 2. The preventing of re-staking of claims, and speedy punishment for false declaration in respect to improvements. 3. That a bill be brought down embodying the following legislation in addition to the mining laws of the province: (a) That a bonus of not less than $ , nor more than $ , be offered prospectors for each available body of magnetite or hematite ores discovered within the Province, the same being approved of by the proper officer as to quality, quantity, and availability for manufacturing purposes; (b) That all such deposits be reserved by the government in the interests of the owner to the intent that he be aided by the Government in obtaining full money value for his find. This prevents the owner locking up the raw materials of the Province against the industry; (c) That in cases where the owner is unable to prove his find the Government shall (if considered of value) reserve and prove the same, deducting the expenses from the amount of bonus or royalty thereafter paid; (d) The Government shall place the. reserved properties in the hands of responsible parties who will deposit a bond with the Government covering a contract to mine such quantity of ore per year as shall be agreed upon. Smelting, or have the same smelted, within the Province. That for each ton of ore mined the discoverer shall be paid a royalty, the amount of which shall be determined according to quality, quantity and the availability of the ore, the Government at all times acting as arbitrator of values. In event of an arrangement being made for the sale or purchase of a deposit outright, the purchaser shall be required to deposit a bond with the Government covering an agreement (under the law of reserve) that the material taken from such mines shall be smelted within the Province. THE POSITION AT ROSSLAND. From our own Correspondent. THE past month in this camp has been one of much unrest. No reference is intended to the labor troubles, which are practically concluded; at all events for the near future, but to the altered conditions of mining in this city. It is rather the fight that has been in progress between the mines, notably the Le Roi and the railways, for cheaper rates of freight and for cheaper coke. The shipments from the Le Roi for the past,month have been of much higher grade than for some time past. This is in a measure due to a higher grade of ore, $18, being discovered on the 900 level of the Le Roi, but it is principally due to a deliberate attempt to "gopher" the mine. That this "gophering" has been done with any wilful and mischievous intent is not true. It has been done as a temporary expedient to keep the mine open. The drop in the price of copper, the discover- that the values recovered at the smelter were not as high as had been estimated under previous manage-, ments, both of mine and smelter, have shown that the ordinary grade of ore shipped from the Le Roi right across the vein, practically without careful sorting, would not pay. Hence it was either necessary to produce an ore of higher grade, or by reducing the cost of treatment or freight, to make a higher profit on that low grade ore. Negotiations have been in progress for some time past with the Great Northern railway having the latter object in view. The mine, management has recently authoritatively declared that no deal "has been closed." Nevertheless your correspondent is positive that this statement, emanating from Mr. Mackenzie of the Le Roi, though true to the letter, is false as to its purport. The railway company is willing to grant the terms asked, which will make a difference of $1 per ton profit on the ore. There are certain reasons, which are based partly on the condition of affairs in the management of the mine (referring to London), and partly on the Elmore process, which is talked of as being certain to be adopted, both by the managers of the Le Roi and of, the Le Roi No. 2, reducing the amount of the ore to be shipped, (being shipped as concentrates at a rate of 12 to 1), which have rendered it necessary for the present not to take advantage of this concession, or rather concessions, and to conclude a contract. It is therefore necessary that the mine should only export its best ore from its best stopes, and from the hanging walls of the same. This will inevitably reduce the value of the remaining ore on the foot walls and in the stopes of lower value, inasmuch as the ore of higher grade will no longer be there to be a part of the same lot shipped, it is, however, considered that this will do no- harm if the policy is not too long continued. It is possible that its discontinuance may be only a matter of a few weeks, but on the other hand it may be delayed until the autumn. Such is the condition of the Le Roi. Before Christmas the mine should be producing at least 1,000 tons per day, and it is more than possible that if the Elmore process is by that time in full working order that the production may be considerably more. I have dwelt at some length on this mine, as the position of the Le Roi is to a great extent the keynote of the camp. In much the same way the War Eagle and the Centre Star have been endeavoring to get rates from the Trail smelter. Up till now these mines have not succeeded in getting all they demand. The smelter people declare that the demand is too exigent. The mine people say that the Trail smelter, having a cheaper power and a much cheaper rate for coke, which is supplied it by the C.P.R., is able to reduce ore at least $1 cheaper than can the Northport smelter, and demand that the rate made to the mine should be in acordance with these circumstances. Such in brief is the dispute. The manager of these mines, Mr. Kirby, is paying a visit to the East, it is understood, in this connection, and up to the present has not returned. He has, however, made a statement that within a very short period the conjoint mines will be shipping 300 to 400 tons daily. It is likely that the concessions granted by the riHW* THE MINING RECORD. 253 Great Northern, which practically place the North- port smelter on the same basis as the Trail, will have some effect in the conclusion of negotiations. In this connection it may be stated that the War Eagle and Centre Star both possess vast quantities of low grade ore,.which can only be made profitable supposing that low freight and treatment rates be accorded them. It is for this reason that such a strenuous protest has been made against certain classes of mining legislation, especially the two per cent, mineral tax. In this interesting combat between mine and smelter and railway be it noted that whereas the debt owed by the War Eagle and Centre Star is one to the Bank of Toronto, a kindred concern; the debt of the Le Roi is owed to the Bank of Montreal, an utterly foreign though undoubtedly friendly body. The third mine in Rossland which is of consequence is the Le Roi No. 2, consisting of the Poor- man, Josie, No. 1 and Annie. The average value of ore shipped, gross, is $18 per ton. It is principally sent away from the Josie, which means that it is hoisted through the Josie shaft. As a matter of fact the bulk comes from the Annie, the highest graded mine in the camp, and which is showing great values at a depth; and the Poorman on the other side, contiguous to the War Eagle, and whose pay shoot is partly in the War Eagle ground, but up to the present unworked by that company. On the Josie proper comparatively little work is being done, except on the 300 level. On the No. 1 work has developed some very good looking ore bodies of whose permanency Bernard Macdonald seems to have a favorable opinion. The trouble with these veins, which are the westernmost worked successfully in the camp, is that they have a tendency to widen and to split. A diamond drill has lately been introduced with success to counteract these difficulties, which often amount to local displacements. The Rossland Great Western is practically closed down, and will so remain until the lowered prices of treatment goes into effect. This is expected early in July, when the Great Northern, has completed its branch line into Fernie. To work this mine at present at a profit would simply mean to gouge the property of its best pay streaks. Similar language may be used with regard to the Kootenay mine, which, despite all adverse reports, possesses probably the largest bodies of low grade ore in the camp. Under favorable circumstances this mine will probably become one of the standbys of the camp. Bernard Macdonald, the present general manager, may be regarded as unduly optimistic, but this verdict of the mine's possibilities and future is one that was also rendered b)' so conservative a judge as Manager Carlyle, now of the Rio Tinto. The Giant is doing some work, and is shipping ore at a profit. With this mine it is apparently merely a question of capital, and this, it is thought, will be forthcoming very shortly. Attempts are also being made to resuscitate the Homestake and Gopher, and under the favourable conditions, which are now likely to apply, there is little or no reason to doubt that this mine, in common with many others, which are not at the present mo ment being worked, will once again come to the front and become permanent and profitable shippers. The Spitzee is also working steadily. There are various rumors in connection with this property, and the truth of the matter will doubtless come to light within the year. The White Bear is still working steadily and is reported to have lately struck a paystreak of value at depth. The Green Mountain is steadily prosecuting development with hopeful results. THE LARDEAU. From our own Correspondent. RAILWAY communication for the Lardeau District is at last an assured fact, and should greatly stimulate the development of its resources during the present season. The new line will be taken over from the contractors by the C.P.R. about the 1st of July, so that regular passenger traffic will not commence before that time, but an accommodation train already meets the steamers on Kootenay Lake thrice weekly, and a gradually increasing number of visitors are taking advantage of the ready means of access thus afforded. C.P.R. surveyors are at work along the shores of Trout Lake, and it is possible that construction of a .further section of the road may be begun in the near future, the intention being to eventually connect with the Arrow Lakes and the main line of the C. P.R. at Arrowhead. The Fish Creek section has come into prominence lately owing to several important mining deals having been successfully carried through. W. B. Pool and associates have bonded the Oyster and Rossland groups for $50,000 and $25,000 respectively, a considerable cash payment down being made in each case, while the Goldfinch claim has been sold outright for $25,000 to Chicago investors. All these properties are free-milling and possess very good surface showings, but little development has yet been done on any of them. On the adjoining Eva group, however, a depth of about 400 feet has been attained, and the ore is said to hold its values very well. There seems no doubt but that a new free-milling camp of much promise is now being opened up at this point, and it is to be hoped that future developments will be satisfactory. The ores consist of white quartz carrying free gold, often coarse, with varying, but usually small quantities of oxide of iron, and in some cases a little zinc-blende and galena, and occur in metamorphic shists and slates, the veins as a rule following the general strike of the formation, but sometimes apparently cutting it at a slight angle. The formation is identical with that found in the Trout Lake District, and it is probable that careful prospecting will prove the existence of similar free- milling ores here, as gold values are already known to be widely distributed and occur in many of the claims now being developed. The section of the country at the foot of Trout 254 THE MINING RECORD. Lake, which is more particularly opened up by the new railway, is also receiving considerable attention from prospectors. On Canyon Creek, particularly, several promising silver properties are being opened up, while free-milling ores have been found on Tenderfoot and Poplar Creeks. MINING AT KAMLOOPS. From our own Correspondent. A MONTH ago the dredge was moved from the ^ *" North Thompson River to the mouth of Tran- quille Creek at the head of Kamloops Lake. The Boyd Dredging Company have secured two half-mile dredging leases on the creek, extending from the lake to the mouth of the canyon. Promising returns are being obtained by the dredge in dredging its way into the creek. At the Iron Mask development work is being done on the five hundred-foot level, where the ore body is reported favourable. A four drill air-compressor has been installed and is now in continuous operation. The Glen Iron has now been working continuously for four months, shipping thirty tons of iron ore per day, to the Hall Mines and Trail smelters for fluxing purposes. An extra force of men has been put on development work. The Hardie Cinnabar Mines near Savonas have fifteen men employed. The property is being developed ui.der the superintendence of Mr. Joseph Luce, M.E., of Utah, by a series of three tunnels to cut the ore bedy at depth. The property has a very extensive outcropping of cinnabar ore, and the tunnels are being run to deliver the ore near the place of treatment. The ore has been struck in the lower tunnel. The Tenderfoot Mining Company have started operations, a small force of men being employed drifting on a body of high grade ore. The Copper King group of claims at Cheery Creejs has changed hands, having been purchased outright by Eastern Canadian parties. The late owners by recent work on the property have proved the ore body to be several feet wider than previously anticipated. RECENT PUBLICATIONS. THE Gold Mines of the World (second edition), written after an inspection of the mines of the Transvaal, Rhodesia, India, Malay Peninsula, West Australia, Queensland, Victoria. New South Wales, Tasmania, New Zealand, British Columbia, the Klondike, United States, Alaska and Mexico; illustrated with plans and photographs; by J. H. Curie. London, Waterlow & Sons, Limited.; Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Limited. New York, Engineering and Mining Journal, Incorporated. Price, ios. ne*. We had reason to criticise and dispute some of the statements contained in the first edition of this book relating to the gold mining industry in British Columbia. In the second edition these statements have been withdrawn, but we still* have to regret that we find ourselves at disagreement with Mr Curie in the opinions he has formed and the conclusions he has arrived at in respect to the condition of gold mining in this country. In the introductory portion of the work the following reference is made to Canadian mines. " British Columbia has not fulfilled expectations. Three years ago its gold mines looked more promising than they do at present. The Atlin hydraulic find may prove successful. . . The Klondike has passed its zenith. Its production in 1900 of over a million ozs. will never again be reached." It is this sort of dogmatic assertion, without a vestige of proof, that we object to, and one is almost inclined to ask, ''Who, pray, is Mr. Ourle ?" Again, later, in a chapter dealing with the gold mines of the province, the authcJr remarks on the " so far and almost complete failure " of effort in this direction, but he fails to explain how, notwithstanding this " almost complete failure," gold production has increased in the interval between the publication of the first and second edition of his book nearly a hundred per cent. But British Columbia is not and does not pretend to be a country of gold mines. Gold mines, by which we understood free milling quartz in which no other metal than gold is present, are the exceptions rather than the rule, and if it is fair for Mr. Curie to consider the Le Roi mine as a gold mine and describe it as a failure, why has he omitted to take into consideration the " gold mines" of the Boundary or of the coast districts, which are by no means failures. Even the Le Roi mine has paid a million and a hal dollars since Mr. Curie visited it in 1898, and if this sum has been spent in mine equipment and developing instead of being distributed among shareholders, it is in line with the very policy Mr. Curie recommends should be followed by the Ymir company. The greater part of the chapter on British Columbia is taken up with a description of the Atlin camp, while the far more important field of Cariboo is dismissed in a couple of brief paragraphs, one of which states : "In the first edition I dealt with the English companies floated to work the alluvial gravels over a great area, of which Cariboo is the centre. These mines up to that time had all been failures, and I can see no reason to alter my opinion about them now." Should this remark be brought to the attention of Mr. Hobson and other eminent hydraulic mining engineers, who have the utmost confidence in the future of mining in Cariboo, it will doubtless cause them much uneasiness. The volume, however, contains much matter of interest and even of value, relating to gold mining in the different chief centres of this industry throughout the world, and up to a certain point should be of use to investors. C.J. Walker, of 24 Coleman St., London, E.C, has just published a third edition of that very admirable work of reference the " Advertisers' Ready Reckoner," price is. in paper or 2s. in cloth binding. The third edition is in handier form than previous issues, while much valuable data has been added. Hints on the art of advertisement writing are given, followed by a short article on '' How to Achieve Success in Advertising," by an expert. The book also contains a full list of changes for the insertion of advertisements in leading British and Colonial newspapers. A CHANGE OF TITLE. WE have received the following notification in the form of a .circular from the Vancouver Agency, Limited : We beg to draw your attention to the change in the title 9* our Company, from " The Vancouver Agency, Ltd.," to "C. F. Jackson & f*o„ Ltd." The change is one in name only and in no way ,affects our constitution or .the eojjtjnjiity of our business. We trust that with your assistance we may still further increase our rapidly growing business, and beg to call your at- THE MINING RECORD. 255 tention to the departments which we run in conjunction with our Liverpool office, through whom we purchase our European supplies. B. C. AND THE LONDON MARKET. OUR special correspondent writes that the market has been very dull during the month, the only feature being the fall in Le Rois, which declined to £z, but since recovered somewhat. Ymirs have also suffered badly, having an offer at well under par. Hall Mining and Smelting is quoted at rubbish prices. INSTITUTE MEETINGS. A MEETING of the Canadian Mining Institute will beheld in Nelson, B. C, on September the ioth, next, for the purpose of organizing a working section or branch of the Institute in British Columbia. We are requested to announce that the annual meeting of the Southwest Miners' Association will take place at Los Angeles. California, on July the 8th. COAL EXPORTATIONS AND TRADE. COAL shipments from the Vancouver Island colleries during April were divided as follows : Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 35,826 Comox 16,694 Ladysmith 16,978 Total 69,498 In May the shipments were: New Vancouver Coal Co 28,557 Comox '. 11,308 Ladysmith 3°,7°5 Total 70,570 Mr. J. W. Harrison, coal and metal broker, of San Francisco, in his latest circular thus comments on conditions in this market: " The coal market is pronouncedly showing the inroads that are being made into its consumption by oil. Of course it is a very marked advantag e to all consumers of steam fuel, to be enabled to purchase their power at a great reduction on the prices of former years. The prices now ruling for coal are also very materially reduced. The best Australian coals were selling two years ago at fully $2 per ton more than is being offered today. This is a large shrinkage, and is caused principally by the influx of oil. Low priced oil enables the gas companies to produce cheap gas for stoves and grates ; this precludes the Wellington company from changing its present price, unless it would be a further reduction. It is questionable if the prices this year for Australian coals will be repeated next year, as the inclement weather there this season has given the farmers almost nothing to export. The coal strike East will not materially affect this market, except for importations of Cumberland and Anthracite, which doubtless will be somewhat increased in price locally." PATENT OFFICE REPORT. MR. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Patent Attorney, of Vancouver, sends the following list of patents granted to British Columbian inventors during the month of May: George Cassady, Vancouver, a Canadian patent on a rotary engine ; T. H. Hazard, Vancouver, a U. S. patent on a diving vessel designed for salving submerged wrecks ; M. Barret, Grand Forks, a U. S. patent for a tapping jacket; D. J. Math- eson, Nanaimo, a U.S. patent on a supplementary door fastener ; A. B. W. Hodges, of Grand Forks, a U. S. patent on a furnace charging system. The following patents were published in the Canadian Patent Office Record for March : C. Schallberger, Vancouver, wood preserving compound ; A. W. A. Phair, Lillooet, photographic exposure meter; W. F. Bedel, D. McPhail and T. F. Adams, Kaslo, amalgamator; W. G. Trethewey, Vancouver, train pipe coupler; W. T. Jones, Westminster, device for ringing net floats. TRADE NOTICES, CATALOGUES AND CIRCULARS. A COMBINED TRANSIT AND LEVEL. MESSRS. JOHN DAVIS & SON (Derby), Ltd., represented in Canada by Mr. Francis T. Peacock, M.E., of Montreal, call attention to a specially designed, combined Transit and Level, embodying all the latest improvements and specially constructed to stand hard usage and suitable for climates where temperatures vary from 70 degrees below to 110 above zero. The instrument rests upon rubber cushions, so that the disarrangement of the adjustments by transportation may be prevented. The specifications are as follows :—Length overall of telescope, 11 ins.; diameter of object glass, \% ins.; transit both ends ; object slide and eyepiece provided with dust and rain guards; fixed Stadia wires to subtend one foot on levelling rod, placed 100 feet from the instrument; two feet at 200 feet; collimation true for all distances ; reversion level 6 in. to telescope, with German silver graduated scale to read bubble ; clamp and tangent screw ; inverting eye-piece; diagonal eye-piece for vertical sighting; screw movement to eye-piece for focussing cross wires ; sensitiveness of 6 in* level in seconds of arc per graduations—20 ins. per division ; vertical circle 5 ins. in diameter, divided on solid silver to y2 degrees, with vernier reading to 1 minute ; horizontal limb 6% ins. diameter ; graduated on solid silver to y% degrees, with two verniers reading to 30 seconds ; graduation, two rows, o to 360 degrees, inclining the way it is to be read; ground glass vernier reflecting shades; compass ring, with double row of figures, the inner row figures in quadrants, o to 90 degrees, and the outer row o to 360 degrees ; 5 in. needle ; circle completely covered, and compass and vernier openings water-tight; two graduated right angle levels ; socket, long compound centre ; levelling screws protected by dust caps and provided with ball and socket cups. There are in addition a number of accessories. The price of this instrument is £43. The manufacturers issue a very neat catalogue in which all engineering requirements are listed and priced. THE ALLIS CHALMERS CO. The Salt Lake office of the Allis-Chalmers Co., report the following sales for the month of May : 2 Converters for the United States Mining Co.; Power Plant for the Troy Laundry, Salt Lake City, consisting of 12 in. x 39 in. Reynolds engine, Reynolds heater, shafting, pulleys, etc. 500-ton Sampling Works for the Park City Sampling Co., of Park City, Utah. 4 Matte Ladles for the Bingham Con, Mining & Smelting Co. 1 150-h.p. Return Tubular Boiler, for the Honorine Mining Co; at Stockton, Utah. Elevator material for the Utah Fuel Co. 2 Converters for the Bingham Con. M. & S. Co. 1 No. 6 Gates Style "D" Crusher for the Lime King Mining Company. HERCULES WIRE ROPE. Messrs. A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., of St. Louis, Mo., publish a catalogue describing their specialties, the most notable being the Hercules Wire Rope, which the manufacturers claim is the strongest, toughest and most durable rope on the market. The Messrs. Leschen also recommend their patent flattened strand wire rope, which is more flexible than the ordinary round strand rope, and has a more wearing surface. The company are now installing at Wyoming, Mo., a remarkable aerial tramway, sixteen miles in length, which is said to be the longest distance ever attempted in the direction of aerial transportation. 'SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND HAULAGE. Those who desire information on the subject of the application of wire rope to surface and underground haulage cannot do better than apply to the Trenton Iron Company, of Trenton, New Jersey, for a copy of a booklet bearing this title, of which they are the publishers, and a well-known authority, Mr. William Hewitt, M. E., the author. The work is a most comprehensive one and contains much valuable information and many exceedingly useful tables. The illustrations, too, are most instructive. The comparative advantages of the two methods of haulage, the " tail rope " and the "endless rope " system are considered at length, the main difference appearing in the items of power and labour. While, the author remarks, the endless rope system is more economical of power, it is most costly for the labour in handling the cars, and this fact should be taken into consideration in the selection of either system. There are chapters on " Hoists," "InclinedPlanes," "Track Rollers and Mine Cars, Tipples, etc."—a most excellent little text book. 256 THE MINING RECORD. JEFFREY SCREENS. This is a very handsomely illustrated catalogue published by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., of Columbus, Ohio, in which all classes of screening machinery manufactured at the company's works are fully described and priced. HYDRAULIC PIPING. The plant of the National Hydraulic Mining Co. operating at Beaver River, Cariboo District, was successfully and finally installed this month. This equipment includes 2,000 feet of pipe line, the pipe being 22 inches in diameter reducing to 9 inches. The piping was manufactured by the Vancouver Engineering Works, of Vancouver, and is pronounced by the mining company's engineer as being the best he has ever laid, every joint fitting perfectly, and there were absolutely no leakages. Neepawa. Hartney. Marion... MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. PRODUCTION from this district for the year to June 21st has been divided as follows : Tons. Granby Mines, Phoenix 168,482 Snowshoe, " 1,080 Mother Lode, Deadwood 64,684 Sunset, " 1,37° B. C. Mine, Summit 1,680 Winnipeg, Wellington 785 Golden Crown " 625 No. 7 Mine, Central 310 Jewel, Long Lake 1,580 240,596 ROSSLAND. The average production of the Rossland mines is being maintained at a rate of rattier over 6,000 tons weekly. Shipments for the year to date approximate 163,000 tons. To June 21st the returns were : Le Roi Le Roi No. 2... Centre Star.... Rossland G. W. Giant Cascade Bonanza Velvet Spitzee Total tons. 113,304 31.305 4,070 2,400 360 300 90 250 20 156,704 SLOCAN. Monitor. Queen Bess... Silver Glance. Whitewater... Ottawa Tons 60 25 80 May 5 Paystseak 7 Surprise 22 Slocan Star 404 Duplex 7 Emily Edith 20 Prescott 4 Rambler 1867 Molly Gibson (since last report) 1500 Washington 30 Folliott 2 C. O. D 2 London Hill 15 From the Slocan City division the shipments to June 20th were: Shipments through the port of Kaslo during 1902 have been as follows : Month. Tons. January I1725 February 1,868 March 1,660^ April 926 May 768 To June 21st 874^ Total to date 7,822 According to a table published by the New Denver Ledge the total returns from this district to date aggregate 14,500 tons. The following mines have contributed to this result: Tons. Payne 390 Ivanhoe 275 Sunset (Jackson Basin) 641 Reco 302 American Boy 490 Arlington 1361 Hewett 642 Bosun 590 Last Chance , 150 Wonderful 100 Enterprise 520 565 160 37 2170 8 Mine. Arlington.. Enterprise. Ottawa. .. Neepawa... May Paystreak . Duplex.... Tons. 2060 640 7 60 5 5 7 2784 ATLIN. The first clean-up of the season on McKee Creek, representing 100 hours' piping, were made on June 19th, $1,000 being recovered. THE METAL MARKET. QUOTATIONS during the month have remained stationary, silver alone having slightly advanced. The Engineering and Mining Journal, of New York, reports the copper market quiet with little new business and no material change in prices. Most producers are well sold up, and consumption is very large, as all manufacturers are exceedingly busy. In London the market has been rather flat, and standard copper is lower. Refined copper is steady, however, and standard is merely approaching more nearly the normal difference between that grade and electrolytic. Lake copper is quoted at I2>£ and I2>£ ; electrolytic, 12 and 12% and casting copper, 12. Copper production, as reported by Mr. John Stanton, who acts as statistician for the companies, showed an increase in May which was larger even than we had anticipated. The total output from the United States mines for the month was 25,- 763 tons, of which 21,763 tons came from the reporting mines, and 4,000 tons from the outside sources—that is, from the smaller mines and from the smelters who treat ores carrying copper with other metals. The total shows an increase of 3.371 tons, or 15.1 per cent, over May 1901. Thisgain which indicates that the mines are now, as a rule, working very actively, was large enough to do much more than offset the decreases shown in the earlier months of the year. The total output for the five months to the end of May was 113,708 long tons, being greater than that for the corresponding period of last year by 2,715 tons, or 2.4 per cent. The indications are that June will show another large gain. The foreign reporting mines—including all the principal European mines—also show a large increase in output, their total for the five months having been 44,344 long tons, a figure which exceeds that of last year by 6,019 tons, or 15.7 per cent. Notwithstanding this greater production abroad the exports from the United States continue large. Although they were 3,814 tons less than the high level reached in March, thev were only 141 tons less than in April; while the total for the five months was 83,439 tons, which is considerably more than twice the quantity—38,185 tons—reported last year. Up to the end of May this year we exported 73.8 percent, of our total production, against 33.5 per cent, in the corresponding period last year. Lead is in about the average demand, at unchanged prices. Consumption has been good this year. New York, 4.05 @ 4.10: St. Louis, 3 97^ @ 4.05. Spelter is still somewhat excited, and the quotations show little change. There is a very good demand at 4^ @ 5. Silver continues to hold its own in demand and quotations, and even to show some improvement. Indian orders in London have been fair. THE MINING RECORD. LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE. Prepared by A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. O. Companies. Brandon & Gld'n C Cariboo McKin'y, Cariboo Hydra'lic Centre Star Crow's Nest P. C.. Dardanelles Evening Star Fairview Corp'n.. Fontenoy Iron Mask I. X.L Jumbo King (Oro Denero) Knob Hill Mollie Gibson.. Noble Five North Star Ola Ironsides.. . Payne Rambler Slocan Star Sullivan Tamarac Kenneth Van Anda War Eagle Waterloo Winnipeg St. Eugene Granby Week Ending Saturday, June 7. Highest. $0 21 1 20 40 35* 1% 25% 86 9 165* I 5 3 15 18 1 00 3&H 87 50 6% 23 24 83 16 V 4 2 90 Lowest. 0 19 1 °5 39^ 3% ■7% 2414 83J6 7K 14 3 IS 17 95 37J* 87 50 65* 22 20 80 "6% 3% Week Ending Saturday, June 14. Highest. 3 20 1 15 41 i 17^ 1 00 39 , 87 50 3% *A 61 ■ri 25 23 25 85 23 80 Wi *-3K 3 15 2 90 Lowest $ 19 I 1614 1 05 90 89^! 36 87 50 3% 22% 6H s*A I 78 3 15 3% 2 90 * 19^ 1 15 40 Week Ending Saturday June 21. Highest 3K 5% Week Ending Tuesday, June 26 Lowest. ! 16 95 3<U 87 50 M 24 83 m 5 22 80^ 3% :6 1 10 39& 3% "sk 2i}i 81 I4M > 15 90 87 50 2% 76 5^ 3% Highest. $ 17 1 15 41 314. 25 85 7 15 n 5 Lowest. s 15 95 n 39 87 5° 2H 6i4 3 05 3% 75 17 1 10 38 3% "5% 23 14 5 I4& 90 35 87 50 2% 19 75 Si4 3% 3 05 2 75 COMPANY NOTES AND CABLES. ROSSLAND Great Western—Rossland, 4th June. The manager cables : '' Shipments last month amounted to 313 tons. Contents, 221 ozs. gold, 334 ozs. silver, 8 tons I copper. The returns from ore, after making a deduction of all smelting charges, amount to $3,861." Le Roi No. 2.—Manager cables : "Shipments last month I amounted to 6,466 tons. Contents, 3,573 ozs. gold, 7,000 ozs. I silver, 135 tons copper. The returns from ore, after making a I deduction of all smelting charges, amount to $50,000. Cost I of mining may be taken at $21,000. Profit for last month, I $39>°°°-" April shipments 6,375 tons. Estimated profit ■ £9,278. Giant.—The Hon. O- H. Mackintosh, resident director at I Rossland, cables under date 4th June : "I have made a con- I tract with smelter (Canadian Pacific Railway Company's smel- (ter at Trail, to smelt Giant ore at 18s. per ton), a reduction of I 25 per cent. Have opened up a fine body of ore. Assay value I for gold is $30 per ton." Office note—Hitherto the rate for smelting Rossland ores has I been $6 per ton, and it will, therefore, be seen that our resi- I dent director has succeeded in obtaining a reduction of 25 per I cent. Le Roi—Cable—" There was shipped from the mine to the I smelter during May 13,000 tons of ore, containing 7,172 ozs. I gold, 10,890 ozs. silver, and 450,870 lbs. copper. Estimated I profit on this ore, $60,000. Great Northern Railway have made rate second-class ore 25 cents ; promise coke early next Imonth, delivered at Northport, $6.80 per ton." Office note—The reductions of the freight rate on second- plass ore to 25 cents, and the price of coke from $9.50 to $6.80 pre the outcome of lengthy negotiations, and will materially reduce the operating expenses. April shipments—26,093 tons, containing 8,689 ozs- gold, 18,079 ozs- silver, and 706,224 lbs. copper. Slough Creek.—Cablegram, dated Barkerville, B. C, the bnd inst., from the mine manager: " Put up secondary bore- Ihole 3 ft. 6 in. forward ; 5 ft. to the gravel; 1 ft. in the gravel; {water not increasing : wash is undoubtedly auriferous ; pros- Ipects are most encouraging throughout the mine." Alaska-Treadwell.—Return for May : " 240-stamp mill ran [29^ days ; 300 stamp mill ran 29K days ; crushed 83,967 Itonsofore; estimated realisable value of bullion, $66,621; [saved 1,702 tons sulphurets; estimated realisable value of same, $69,739 ; working expenses for the month, $75,949-" British Kootenay Exploration.—Resolutions have been passed and confirmed for the voluntary liquidation of the British Kootenay Exploration Syndicate, Limited. Mr. H. W. Wallis has been appointed liquidator. Washington Mine, Limited.—The Washington Mining Company of Spokane declared in June a dividend of $18,000. This Company has now gone into liquidation and transferred the property to the Washington Mine, Limited, a British Columbia corporation. Sunset, Slocan.—The co-owners of this property divided profits amounting to $6,000 in June. The mine has thus paid $54,000 to date, $30,000 of which has been distributed this year. FOR SALE, A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer, 645, Victoria, b. c. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON, B. C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT Purchases CORPER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several ye experience in B. 0. Apply "A" Box 246 Victoria, B. C. a jt THE MINING RECORD. CITY OF VICTORIA. The Metropols of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, tern- Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States; and of the Canadian Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hoursf sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine Flowers the year round. perate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of pictur-1 esque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and, ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowli and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed j retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks,; Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles] long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, j always placid and delightful. Flirst-class Hotels and Lodg-j ing Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre Of the MINING INDUSTRY on the! Coast, and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines andj mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of ioo miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre! of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation [ All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention.! Richard H. Parkinson Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Is recognized as the leading financial journal ofthe United States. Ih addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business in dustries of the country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than any publication in the U.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousand; of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an adverl tising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year! after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. It you desire to reach the moneyed class ofthe country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterprise^ can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publi .cation. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal in the United States. Subscription price $1.00 per year Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address al; communications to The National Banker, 84 & 86 I,a Salle St., Chicago, 111 Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. VoidDredgers Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. ANCHOR WIRE FENCE Patented 7 Sept., 1894-IMo- 46991 —IS— Strongest Cheapest H wHftmj»> iL %^Lto>.Hi mwj)>^^ iuH/f fi^ ,^n TobeHadon,y.om BEST IN THE MARKET. THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C. r" One 12 in. x 30 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 1^ z 3f x 4. The above plant has only been In operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Eairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C. H. COLLINSON, I,ate Assayer Van Anda Smelter. Provincial Licensed Assayer. Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, Etc. THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Lang ley Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Next to i,aw Courts L. PARNACOTT & CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Walthamstow, England Beg to notify Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of |Good Experienced Miners From several parts of the continent. John Hunner. HUNNER & HARRIS, John Harris. MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS, Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We have for sale AI properties for capitalists or small investors in B. C. or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts we know what we are talking about. Let ns know your require- I mentp. American and English references Codes, " Bedford McNeill," " Cloughs." Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTO=ENQRAVINQ COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B.C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. L.EGG, Send for Samples, MANAGER. FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in the best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co„ SLOCAN, B, C. | MINERAL ACT AMENDMENT ACT, 1898. NOTICE is hereby given that, under the provisions of section 143 ofthe " Mineral Act," His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in, Couneil has been pleased to make the following order : That paragraph two of section 5 of the "Mineral Act Amendment Act, 1898," be so interpreted that should any free miner perform assessment work on his claim during any one year to the value of one hundred dollars or more in excess of the amount required to be done, in any one year by the "Mineral Act" the right thereby given such free miner of recording a certificate of the work done to the value of each one hundred dollars, so as to cover his assessment work for an additional yearin respect of each one hundred dollars in excess, shall be exercisible only at the time ot record of the certificate of work in respect of the amount required to hold the claim during the year in which such excess shall be performed. And it is further ordered that this Order shall come into force on the first day of June, 1902. J. D. PRENTICE, Clerk Executive Council. Provincial Secretary's office, 15th May, 1902, THE MINING RECORD ALUS CHALMUSGl SUCCESSOR TO THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER ft CHALMERS, CATES IRON WORKS, DICKSON M FO. CO. Milwaukee,Wis. Chicago, HI. Chicago, 111. Scranton.Pa. SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Brown Roasting Furrv^ce SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Holtkoff-Wethey I^oeLsting Fxirnecce "*^**ttSs««»'. SOLE BUILDERS OF THE Ja^cklirvg R.o©cstirvg Furnace All Ores and Mattes in a. pulverized condition which require roasting for subsequent metallurgical operations can be saaisfa.ctorily roasted in any of the a.bove furn&ces. Sizes, cost a.nd other informa.tion cheerfully furnished. J BRANCH OFFICES: NEW YORK, Broad Exchange Bldg. PITTSBURG. 305 Ger..\at.Bauh Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. •HdCimCvlu^Wdji DENVER. Mil!) Tremoni St. SALT LAKE Cm: Dooly Block. GENERAL OFFICE: CfflCAGO.WILLJJ.SA. HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. BRANCH OFFICES: SPOKANE. 512 first Ave. SAN FRANCISCO. 137 Monigtrnw? St. CITY°>MEXICO. 8 Calle Owile. LONDON. ENG. 160 Dtsiwowl House THE MINING RECORD ALUS CHALMERS CO. SUCCESSOR TO _ THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER & CHALMERS, OATES IRON WORKS. DICKSON MFC CO M.lwaukee.Ws. Chicago, fig Chicago. III. Scra„,„„.Pa. ' BUILDERS OF HIGH GRADE MINING MACHINERY The Lamb AvitomaLtic Tailings Sampler EVERY UP-TO-DATE MILL SHOULD HAVE THIS SAMPLER. Do you keep a. check on' what your, mill is doing? How high is the percentage of saving or extraction of values? How much is carried off in the tailings? If you a.re not wa.tching these points you should do so. The simplest and best method is by the use of the Lamb Sampler. Very simple, ai.utoma.tic a.nd perfectly accurate, absolutely Reliable, requires no attention and can be put under lock and key to prevent any interference 'with the samples. WRITE FOR FULL DESCRIPTION \h ft ii 1 II The Lamb Automatic Tailings Sampler BRANCH OFFICES: NEW YORK, Broad Exchange Bldg. PITTSBURG, 305 GerifaJufc Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS.' m ComExcha^sBldff DENVER. l649TremonlSt. SALT LAME CITY. Dooly Block. GENERAL OFFMi$ H»Qa^piLLJJ.S.A,: WOMjillfMSURANCE BUILDING. 'M BRANCH OFFICES: SPOKANE. 512 First Ave. SAN FRANCISCO. 137 Montgomery St. CmfoFMEXICO. 8 Calle Oanle. CONDON. ENG. 160 Dashwod House. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C. GWILLIM, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), six years' experience in B. C. mining districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code-Bedford-McNeil. P.O. Box 43. JOHN REDMAN, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j.m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. McGregor & co., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS ^, /-v«-tAIVI D r* and LAND SURVEYORS. OLUOMIN, 0.\-f. Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. W. A, BAUER, D.L.S., P L.S. 611 Hastings St.*, Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P,L,S. Greenwood, B.C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors. Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND GREENWOOD. Th YMIR DISTRICT ^eta^Cd^gTIe best mining investments to be found in B C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments . Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A. W. MORE & CO., Ltd. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's, Moreing & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. 23 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B. Sc. (McQllt). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Mech. Eng. of England. ,. _, „ Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. VatlCOUVer, B.C. Manager Vancouver .Engineering Works, Ltd. B. H. HURST, STOCK SHARE BROKER. Cables : " Hurst." All Codes. Bankers : Canadian Bank of Commerce Victoria, B. C. A* Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. J. McLELLAN, , Associate Royal School ot Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. 9 Horace G* Nichols, A. R. S. M. Mining Engineer, P. 0. "Box, 641. NELSON, B. C. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis Prompt attention to samples by mail or express. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M.E. and C.E. B A. Sc McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, Manager Con. Cariboo Hyd Mining Co,, I,td. Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28 years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, 1>ift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, office: jf&g-g^ Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M.M., M.N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON, CANADA. Cable Adcress: " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. Gore. J. H. McGregor. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regularly. Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can.I.M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. /?. C Campbell=Johnston Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. RELIABLE ASSAYS Gold I -5o Gold and Sliver $ .75 *<ead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGOEN ASSAY CO., 1429 I6th St., DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, KAMLOOPS, B.C. Provincial Assayer. || Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made on Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. J.C.T. CROFTS,M.I. Mech.E. NELSON, B. C. Box 676. Machinery, Aerial Tramways, Etc., Supplied and Erected. Wire Rope and Flexible Metallic Tubing from Stock. PLANS. DRAWINGS. ESTIMATES. Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1890. , MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS. Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wn. M. BREWER, HINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. Molsons Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B.C. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, MINING BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C ^^-SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAII/^Kl Mining and Surveying Instruments Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best "Workmanship. Sent for List P. & R. WHITSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. WINDERMERE DISTRICT CHAS. F. NICHOLSON CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting capital and affords the best field for investment in the Province. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district *nd its resources furnished on applica ion. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal attention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. C, EAST KOOTENAY. THE MINING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS. ETC. IT IS NO GOOD- n ritish Press Unless you understand bow to approach tbe British Public. The best way to do this is to EMPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselyes. Let us know what you want and we will toe pleased to assist you. I C. J. WALKER'S "BRITISH AND CANADIAN PRESS BUREAU." 24 Coleman St., London, E. C. THE MINING J0URNHL Railway and Commercial Gazette established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers, and Capitalists. ADVEKTI8EMENT AND EDITORIAL OFFICES: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: 12 months. Canada 28s. 6 months. 20s. I4S. Payable in Advance. 3 months. 7s. NOW READ If. TheMINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable lecnnical monographs embodied ln the present volume are tne following: Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 190U. by J. B. O. Kershaw; Production of Brdinine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L K. Bohm; Clay and its manufacture into brl k and tile, by H. Ries; Manufaiture of water gas, with special reference to tCuropean conditions, by George Lunge; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive poWer.by G. Lunge; Progreas in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke; Notes on the leaching of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adcock: Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Keller; Raritan Copper Works general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks; Manufacture of blue vi roi from argentiferous copper, by J. G .Clemmer; Recent progress in the Henderson process of extracting copper from pvrnes cinders, by J.G. Clemmer Flourspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illinois, by W.E. liurkp Diamondiferous deposiis in the United States, by W. H.Hobbs; Progress in the cvanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.: Present development of the barrel chlorina ion process, by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by R.H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J K.Wilson; Assa of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy a the Paris exposition, 1900, by li. M. Howe; Alloys of iron, by H. Souther; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hoffman: Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake; Electrolyzing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorkovitz; Origin and occurrence of petroleum, in California, by A. S. Cooper; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. CtMackey-Heriot; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F. Klockman; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B C. Kershaw; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by J.B C,Kershaw; Progress in the sulphuric acid indu-try ih 1900, by F.j. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., by C. H. 8myth,jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, by F. Owen; Review of the progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A.Sauveur; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Progress in ore dressing In 1900, by R. H. Richards; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N.S.W.) sulphide ores, by T. J. Green way; Recent contributions to the Bcience of ore deposits, by R.W. Raymond; Notes on elect'ochemisiry, by O. F. Chandler THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos,etc, Agent for Imperial, Cramer and Hammer Plates, Aristo-Platino, Solio, Klo- ro, Velox and Dekho Papers 41 PANDORA St. Victoria, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual fe^te.] New Mining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical and Metaj lurgical Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list ot graau-j ates and their occupations, address F. W. McNAir, President, Houghton, Mien. E. M. SANDILANDS Notary Public, Mines, Stocks & Insurance Repiesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phcenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Association. Crown Grants Obtained. SANDON, B. C.\ Slocan Mines. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address : " Silverlands." M. R. SIVIITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established I85S. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits *id Confectioner^ Gold Medals awarded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition ■95, '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH- VICTORIA, B. C 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada ana "• foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman. Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Room 20 Bank of British North America VANCOUVER B.C :e mining record. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— WHY ? We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for illustrated catalogue, free. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. Stock Certificates •flNB- ^IP^ Mining Stationery <U N10 N BflgSLA BEL> of all kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. eUSReK PRINTING e©., Province Building, VICTORIA, B. C. TURNER, BEETON & CO'Y Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Pinsbury Circus, London, England. Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Goods indented from all parts ofthe world. Telegraphic Addresses : TURNER," Victoria; " BEETON," London; " TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson IRON BEDSTEADS. Of all descriptions manufactured from BEST MATERIALS in any desired designs and tastefully enameled in any color. Prices and quality equal to Eastern Bedsteads. PATRONIZE HOME INDUSTRY. We use British Columbia coal, coke and paint. Write for catalogue and prices. TAYLOR & HAGGARL 162-164 Yates St., Victoria, B. C. Dry Goods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, Establ,s„Ed,8i, BANK OF MONTREAL. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80 Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C M. G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond A. T. JPaterson, Esq.; Edward B. GreenshieIds, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald; K. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Boss, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E- S. CLOUSTON General Manager A, MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches W. S- CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns BRANCHES Vice-President. Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderich, Guelph. Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth Pe'erboro, Pieton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province op Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. John N.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Provincr of Manitoba and Nobth-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver* Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland-St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F, W- TAYLOR Assistant Inspector JAMES AIRD Secretary: Montreal-H. V- MEREDITH Manager IN CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, B.C., Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain -London—The Bank of England, the TjDion | Bank of London, the London & Westminster Rank the National Prov. Bank I of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—Tha British I Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buflalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian i Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commercei With Which is Amalgamated Ttie Bank of British Columbia. HEADOFFIOE: TORONTO. Paid Up Capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 7 0,000,000 HON. GEO. A.. COX, President. B. EX WALKER, General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, Fernie, White Horse. New York, BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. ' Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. NANAIMO SAW MILL AND SASH AND DOOR FACTORY! Office : Mill Street, Nanaimo, B. C A. HASLAM, Proprietor. Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings, Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, White Pine, Redwood, &c. Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood* Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgr., Victoria, B. g THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Gx (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY, Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Nanaimo Coal. Jsed Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. Southfield Coal Steam Fuel Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by ny other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is nsed by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favorite iiel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qual- ties make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised rom the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Pro- sction Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay nd Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Specia iespatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAHUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—fi.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PACIFIC LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to H. H. ABB0TT3 Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., Ltd. TIME TABLE. SLHSKft ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Princess May and Amur make regular sailings connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. VieT©RIR«YftNe©UYER ROUTE. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a.m. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. Northern B. e. Coast Route. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, BellaBella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Pprt Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a month. Victoria-New Westminster Route, S. S. Princess Louise. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a.m. Callingat Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. Dominion Hotel VICTORIA, B. e. RIC\A/ AMD MftnrDM Telephones connecting rooms with ofHce' iNtW AINU IVIUULnlN. Private: Baths,_Electric Lighted, American Plan, $1.25 Up a Day. Call Bells, and First-Class service. European Plan, 50c, to $1,50 a Day. New Westtninster^CJhilliwack Route. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m Leave j Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River | landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. New Westminster-Steveston Route. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed.,Thurs., 7 a.m.; Fri., 6 a.m.; Sat., 6 p.m.; Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. West Coast Route. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah: Classose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ah- ouset, for Cape Scott and intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any timel without notice. For full particulars as to time, rates, etc., apply to nearest C| P.R. agent or to J. W. TROUP, Manager, VICTORIA. F. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VAFCOUVER| £10 REWARD. Will be given to any person who will put DONALD STEWART, 1 Smith Terj race, Wick, Scotland, N.'B„ in communication with his brothor, DAV I CI RUSSELL STEWART, who waslast known to bein theTotumomine! Republic of Colombia, So ith America, in i897. Reward paid from Smith 1 Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, JE. C. J whM rWrnsWrnmBAwoaY -HAVE- GENERAL STORES *yjaw |Baie de Peres Battfeford Calgary Chapleau Dauphin Deloraine . , . Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden kelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson ■••Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Jl^udbury ^^b^ichwood Hills Vancouver ^^^yictoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg Lethbridge ind at other principal* points .in British^cplumbia, Manitoba ao| Northwest "F^rjitories. Purchasers will find at • these stores the best goods at mode'r|te prices, imported direct from all the principal markets ofthe world \mVE YOU SEENr^gBl|r.NEW'^NCH DRILL? ifesT THE THING FOR LIGHT WORK. &nd Drill Ipo'l HOSSLAND, B, C. GREENWOOD, B, C. FEt^^G|^pJME,Carls^ Actien GesSischaft,IVI§heirai|Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF I^^TRICAL g|ADS AND ^BLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits witlp;arrangement for avoiding fire damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES i^P^JINING Rouridtajid Flat Wire Ropes, "Alberiffl' or so-called wLari%*«" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coifc-JWire Kopes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. sli*if< IRON, STEjL, COPPER AND BRONZE W&RE Superior qualities. '- S);8GLE AGENTS FOR-CANADA : WATSON, JACK & CO. .ip-"; ■•■■ every fK^^^S^^r^S^:': W::'r'~ HHne Hi tInned I.ea«r bIting Foif Exposed Situations Use "Lancashire" HairfBelting. |*^.£06UES AND DISCOUNTS ON APPLICATION. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal! Toronto 7777';,?-. .^77- '-."- 7 ST. HELEN STREET MOirTREAfc$ iffv I^^P>liE:HPwVHEELS liSywfi^N n i m$j§ Send fisr iUus.trai^d\<jj|jtalogue. WXr&S MaMcSt^#:»P^^ANClSCO, CMa Bi s ^M^^^si^^^^^M §11111 ^R^W^w^^^^W^^S Published by the B. C. Record, Ld, Printe(J*yVr, R. Cutack, Victoria, Canada. PhlC Mnnfl.—THE ELMORE PROCESS By H. E. T. Haultain. PYRITES MINE Skeena D I HIS fnOntil GEOLOGY OF THE CROW'S NEST COAL f'elDS !|ilustrated" Etc* Etc. ivision (lllus.) VOL. K. AUGUST, 1902. No. 8. TheIinton Electric Company 3 Electric Motors. Blowers. Fans. Dynamos. Motors. Electric Mining Apparatus. VICTORIA, B. C • $M LIMITED. Electrical Construction and Supplies. VANCOUVER, B. C. " Not an Experiment; in General Use Throughout the World." The New Jackson Hand Power Rock Drill Operated by ONE man will perform work of THREE men drilling with bits and hammers. MADE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage for two years. Extensively used in "United States. Testimonials show this drill has in many instances reduced the cost of mining by one half. Easier to operate than to drill by bit and hammer. SAVES ITS COST EVERY MONTH. Write for catalogue and testimonials. H. D. CRIPPEN, 52 Broadway, NEW YORK. SOLE MANUFACTURER. Pacific Coast Smelting and Refining Works. PURCHASERS, SAMPLERS AND SMELTERS OF GOLD, SILVER and COPPER ORES AND FURNACE PRODUCTS. ADDRESS: THE COPPER KING, LIMITED. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to II Moorgate Street, London, E.C. *-*——* IF YOU ARE BUILDING A HOUSE We Carry in Stock the Largest Assortment in 'Canada of MAMT1 FQ In Oak, Maple, Cherry, Birch, White and FIRE PLACE GRATES %$Bm ING F0R FL00RS> HEARTHS, BATHROOMS, &c. Brass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. PARQUETTE FLOORING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. McLennan, McFeely & Co. Limited WHOLESALE HARDWARE VANCOUVER, B. C. DAWSON, Y. T. JenckesfCorliss STEAM ENGINES With our Improved Governor and Safety Device, new patent gab rod and hook, and other special features of our design of this type of engine, will commend themselves to those requiring Durability, Economy & Easy Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Steam-Power Plants Designed, built an(* installed for operation. Our figures are at your service, and we think you will find them reasonable. Send for catalogues of anything in the Mining Machinery line. Free on request.';*^? The Jenckes Machine Co. SHERBROOKE, QUE. Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. FRIED KRUPP GRUSONWERK] (Madgeburg-Buckau Germany.) MINING riACHINERl ■HhHMW ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Bali Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work, Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel- AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rio's Gold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c Separation and Concentration-Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. m COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT (a) For treating by the Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and Concentration. (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. COAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at mm- the Works. AGENTS: For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke & Co, 35 St. Francois Xavier Street, Montreal For the UNITED STATES—Thos. Prosser & Son, 15 Gold Street, New York For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico For SOUTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S. A. R. THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President. E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager. VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of mVULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLING MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. THE ONLY Dredging Chain with Grit-Proof Articulations Elevator Dredqes for Placer Mining Link Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, U.S.A. is 1 ^^fl§i^> •ij^fl ' i;*l . k j j ■sfllj^'^v'i f|||ip&^*w|; ^ff *I* Pw§yssitj?«H B si 5?S5 '.:' : *■ | sHft' " Mf^ ^i^iis^M^.l l^pf; ^Sl n llil 4NR 11. t? *«>> 7 TJmi {h**V^*E ill 239w§^^v3li KniM* IMPORTANT T® G©LO MINERS And Manufacturers of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES Por saving Gold in Quartz. Placer and Beach Mining. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. Fifteen Medals awarded. Old Mining Plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought ojboan^ or Gold Separated. ^V^^SlXS Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to contract in weight of Silver and Copper. Send for Circular. iANTRANCISCO GOLD, SILVER AND NICKEL PLATING WORKS. B. G. DENNISTON. Proprietor. 653'655 Mission St., San Praneisco, Cal. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ld. ENGINEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, VANCOUVER, B.C. ¥?!J|fSf|i 7fP|g3!?£ p l&llltf ckMj The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc., by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Donble Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. G CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 17-19 Fremont St., San Francisco,Cal. Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. CANTON 1 STEEL OO. Works: CANTON, OHIO. Branch Warehouse: DENVER, Colorado STEEL For hard-rock mining. CANTON BRANDS will be found unequalled for toughness and rock-cutting qualities. Ask your dealer for CANTON STEEL The Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES. "LANG'S" PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. Branches:—Halifax, N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. ■THE- Hendrie & Bolthoff MANUFACTURING & SUPPLY CO Originators, Designers, Manufacturers and Jobbers. High Class Modern Equipment for MINES AND MILLS :WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF: Hoisting Engines- Air Compressors- Boilers || - Dynamos, Motors Steam, Compressed Air, Electric and Gasoline. Tandem, Duplex and Cross Compound. Tubular, ater Tube and Marine. and Electrically Driven Machine Tools. WRITE FOR MINING MACHINERY CATALOGUE No. 8. Offices and Salesrooms : 1601-1617 Seventeenth St., Denver, Colo., U. S. A. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Nos. 38 to 44 Fremont St., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. MANUFACTURERS OF AND BEAIERSIN Hydraulic and Quartz Mining and Milling Machinery, COMPRISING Hydraulic Giants, Concentrators, Water Gates, Smelters, Sheet Iron and Hoisting and Steel Pipe, Pumping Plants, Stamp Mills, Saw Mills, Ore Crosiers, Mine and Mill Ore Feeders, Supplies, Etc., Etc. HOISTING ENGINE. CATALOGUES AND PRICES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. IMPACT WATER WHEEL. HAMILTON POWDER COflPANY (Incorporated 1861). Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH office: VIOTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD NANAIMO GOODYEAR RUBBER OO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose "Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING 573. 575, 577 & 579 Market St., ^^W^ SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. SEATTLE Smelting & Refining Co. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrator. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd, NELSON, |H B. C. I SMELTING DEPARTMENT ases CORRER ORE!, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in B. C. Apply "A" Box 246 Victoria, B. 0. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. CANADIAN. QENERdL ELECTRIC CO., LTD CAPITAL STOCK, - $1,500,000. Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto-. Ont.; Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N.S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Fans, Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes* Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Fifty Miles by our C. G. E. and S. K. C. Three Phase, Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers in Canada for them. Write us. Transmission Systems. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: R055LAND *£ VANCOUVER. ma Two Phase, THE MINING RECORD. The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. MONTREAL, P.Q. INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Manufacturers of Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. 1 Complete nine Equipment of AH Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. ) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. Catalogue and Details on Application to) FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C. Send for Catalogues and Specifications. Cunliffe & McMillan, Agents at Rossland Yanconver Engineering Works, ■ Vancouver, B. 0. The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine;cheap, safe and handy. Send for booklet. 962 King St. Subway. l The Brackman & Ker Milling Co., Ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated ♦*♦ Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with «|» the Best Quality of X SI Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. B &IC R0LLLD i 1 ♦> OATS. (Registered.) X Victoria. Nelson. £ Vancouver. Rossland. New Westminster. Strathcona. I Unequalled in the World.! The Bleichert Wire ROpe Tramway More Bleichert Tramways in use than all others. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Co., TRENTON, N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America i for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for | Cable Hoist-Conveyors, Surface and Underground Haulage, Etc. Illustrated Book Dpon application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co., 17 Burling Silp. Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building- The ining Record VOL. IX. AUGUST, 1902. No. 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the (lining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORTIflER LAMB, flanaging Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office, Province Building. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C, Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria Street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year • Great Britain and Foreign, one year - • Advertising Rates on Application. $2.00 $2.50 Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. O. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. THE MINES REPORT, 1901. a I I HE Annual Report of the Minister of Mines for ■^ the year 1901 has at length been issued. The work itself is more interesting and fuller than usual, but it loses greatly in value and utility by reason of the tardiness in its appearance. The explanation is given that the Report went to press on March nth last, but that its publication was delayed until the latter part of June in consequence of stress of sessional work in the Government Printing Department. Such an excuse is hardly satisfactory. Mining is our most important industry, and official information respecting it, to be of more than academic interest or value, requires to be not only definite, specific and accurate, but also prompt. Although it may certainly be conceded that the Mines Department renders excellent service to the country, there are nevertheless many ways in which that service might be vastly and advantageously improved. Under Government the post of Provincial Mineralogist is now occupied by a gentleman of eminent professional attainments, those of a highly trained metallurgical specialist, possessing also an extensive knowledge of all branches of mining. It is questionable, however, whether Mr. Robertson's special qualifications and talents are turned to the best account in the performance during a greater portion of the year of office detail work, which might equally well be left to the care of subordinates. To our mind, and we merely represent views held by a large number of our constituents, the Provincial Mineralogist should spend at least nine instead of perhaps four or five months in the field. He should be ready to visit, or be in a position to engage a suitable substitute to visit in his stead, any new mining territory of promise and prominence. And the result of these investigations should be published with as little delay as possible after the necessary information has been secured. This system was to some extent followed by Mr. Carlyle, Mr. Robertson's predecessor, and during one year three or four bulletins of the greatest possible interest and utility were issued by the Department at regular intervals during the year, Mr. Carlyle occupied the office of Provincial Mineralogist, dealing with the Trail Creek district, which was then attracting much attention, and also with the Slocan districts and the mining camps of Vancouver Island. Last year,, it is true, the Department recognized public requirements in this respect by issuing a bulletin on the new Horsefly placer fields, but the information was not supplied by the Provincial Mineralogist or other equally qualified authority, which would have rendered such a report so much more valuable. Again, as yet, no efforts appear to have been made to put in force the Act passed over a year ago by the Provincial Legislature, authorising the official publication of mining returns and statistics at more frequent periods. A step in the right direction was, however, taken by the publication in January last of advance estimates of mineral production during 1901, and the corrected returns now publish-. ed show how close that approximation was to the actual figures. But even this does not go far enough. The public should not be asked to wait twelve months before any official information of the progress of 01 ir mining industry, as afforded by statistics of mineral output, is available. That this should have been the case heretofore, is so far as we can ascertain, not altogether-a result of neglect on the part of the Department, but to the objection raised by mine-managers to make such returns every month as the Act calls for. This objection is to some extent valid, as much of the information the mine-owner is required by law to furnish is unnecessary in character and could only be supplied at the expenditure of much time and trouble. This defect in the Act might, however, be quite early remedied if mine-owners were but asked * 1 mm 258 THE MINING RECORD. to send in quarterly returns of tonnage and values. We are satisfied that then no reasons for non-compliance would be advanced; but in such an event compulsory measures should be resorted to. The Mines Report as at present constituted has little practical value beyond that attaching to historical records, and the files of some newspapers published in the Province not only serve that purpose, but also contain information that is not only more original, but also possibly more accurate. If we except the really reliable and useful data, such as the statistical tables, special reports of the Provincial Mineralogist and the Mine Inspectors, which represent a relatively small proportion of the work, nothing remains, as we have previously pointed out, but reports by Gold Commissioners and Mining Recorders, who in general have themselves no actual mining experience or knowledge, and the information supplied to the Government from this source is therefore nothing much better than' mining camp gossip officialy served. In justice to the mining district officials it should, however, be mentioned that they represent an.extremely capable-and hard-working branch of the civil service; but their duties are chiefly clerical, and it is hardly fair to expect them to go outside of those duties. If this feature were eliminated from the Mines' Report altogether, and the reports from Mining Recorders were confined to office statistics from each district only, the Province would certainly not suffer any greater inconvenience or loss thereby. On the other hand, the King's Printer would be saved much useless labour. The work of preparing the annual report is, we understand, not commenced until a month or so prior to the date of proposed publication, or at a time when the House is sitting and the Government Printing Office is taxed to its fullest capacity. Thus, as on this occasion, the publication of the work is unduly delayed. If the Department would act upon our suggestions in respect to the periodical publication of mine statistics, and in the issuing from time to time of bulletins prepared by the Provincial Mineralogist, dealing with progress and developments in various sections of the country, little more would be required in the preparation of an annual report than the compilation and arrangement of the material already thus available, together with the addition, of course, of the Mine Inspectors' and district office reports. The printing of the Annual Report would, if this plan were adopted, not only be very considerably facilitated, with the result that it would appear in proper season, but the work itself would be infinitely more serviceable than it is at present. The Hon. the Minister of Mines, in Mr. Dunsmuir's Government, Lt.-Col. Prior, assumed office but a few months ago, and he has hardly had time as yet to introduce departmental reforms of so radical a description as those we advocate, but as he, unlike his predecessors, has the advantage of a practical mining knowledge, and is, moreover, ac quainted with the conditions and requirements of the industry in British Columbia, he may well be trusted to take such measures as are necessary to increase the serviceability and efficiency of the Department over which he presides. THE STRIKE OF COAL MINERS AT FERNIE. * I r HE coal miners' strike at Fernie was ■*■ an event of far-reaching importance, because it affected not only the four hundred men, directly concerned in it, the Crow's Nest Pass Company and their employees, but the operations of the smelters depending upon Fernie for their supply of coke; and anything curtailing the capacity of smelters must inevitably, after a time, reduce the output of the mines, which send ore to them. Thus the whole metalliferous mining industry of the Boundary district was injuriously affected, and in the event, of a prolonged strike might be paralyzed and all its business interests greatly injured by such action as that of the coal miners. So interwoven are the various mining interests, and so fundamental to their prosperity is the production of coal for coking purposes, that nothing of a business nature would have so disastrous a result, so far as Southern British Columbia is concerned, as a prolonged strike of coal miners. It appears that the Boundary smelters, the largest consumers of Fernie coke, were able after some delay to secure a partial supply of coke, but this is a detail only, and does not affect the great principle involved in such a strike as that now under consideration. The following extract from the Phoenix Pioneer of July 12 states this aspect of the case clearly and forcibly, and is the more valuable because it is from a paper published in the heart of the copper mining district: The chief industry of the Boundary—that of mining— which gives employment to a thousand men, and support to five thousand more, is in a crisis. The men are not dissatisfied with the wages paid, nor the hours of work nor the way in which they are treated. There is plenty olf ore, and capital stands ready to do business. Three smelters are prepared to handle from 2,500 to 3,000 tons of ore daily. There is no strike, no trouble here of any kind. And yet the mining business is temporarily at a standstill, because a few men, some 300 miles from here, wiih whom we have nothing to do, and over whom we have no control, have seen fit to so decree. ****** Let us review the situation, which we hope will be in process of adjustment before these lines are before our readers. Boundary smeilters require about 350 tons of coke per day for fluxing purposes. This coke must come from the Crow's Nest collieries, where we were told not long ago there are illimitable quantities olf suitable coal. Boundary ores are off such low grade that the coke must! be laid down at the lowest possible rate to admit of the ores being smelted at a small profit. Therefore, only Crow's Nest coke can be used to advantage. ****** Millions of dollars are invested here, and thousands of persons are dependent on the mining industry for a living— none too good a living at the best. Even the C.P.R., great THE MINING RECORD. 259 as it is, cannot but lose heavily by such a strike—probably $2,000 or $3,000 per day, to say nothing of the large number of men it gives employment to in the ore and coke carrying traffic. All Of these immense interests are dependent upon the whims of a few shareholders or a few employees in the Crow's Nest. This is certainly not as it should be. The cause of the coal miners' strike was a regulation put in force by Mr. J. H. Tonkin, the new General Manager of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., requiring the men to remain underground eight-^nd a half hours, instead of eight hours as formerly. Against this order the miners protested, claiming that "eight hours per day from pit's mouth to pit's mouth was a just and satisfactory day's work under ground," and had so been found by the company. Replying to this protest Mr. Tonkin said that all the company wanted was eight hours work for eight hours pay, and he subsequently gave out for publication a statement of the company's position. In this he disavowed any intention of antagonizing the men, and denied that the new regulation is the entering wedge of a ten-hours system. He stated the position of miners in relation to the company to be as follows: This single shift plan would be a great benefit to every miner in Coal Creek mines; he would get more coal, his room; would be kept in far better and safer condition, and he would not be haunted by the fear that if he left a little coal at night the man iwho cross-shifted him would reap the benefit of some ef his labour. The miner, as everyone is aware, is a contractor, inasmuch as he works on a basis of coal tonnage, yardage, etc., and is therefore largely his own boss. His earnings are entirely dependent upon the amount of labour he daily devotes to his work. He regulates his hours of work largely by the conditions oif his room, and may labour six. seven or eight hours daily, and no objections are raised to his so doing, the only requirement being that he does not fall too much behind the turn of the miners in his division or district of the work—on the other hand no limit is placed on the amount of work he mav do i'if he1 pleases, the company taking from him all the coal he may load. Mr. Tonkin pointed out also that it is absolutely necessary in order to secure the best results "for the men, the community and the company," that there should be continuous work, both above and below ground, but' as eight hours is too long a period for men to labour without, rest, the company proposes that all work by day men shall cease for half an hour during the middle shift. He says the system which he has inaugurated is precisely the same as that demanded by the strikers in the Pennsylvania anthracite mines. The miners simply reply that they have been accustomed to have "eight hours from bank to bank" and are not willing to put in eight hours at the "coal face." They claim that under the new regulation some of the men would be nine hours from bank to bank. The case between the company and the miners seems in brief to be that the company proposes to suspend work for half an hour to give its day men a little time for rest and food. The day men will work eight full hours. It therefore requires that the miners shall put in eight full hours at the "coal face." The miners want their eight hours to begin when they enter the pit and to leave the coal face in time to get out of the pit at the expiration of eight hours. Under the statement of the case, as made by the miners themselves, it is clear that under the arrangement in force before the new regulation the men were at the coal face from seven to seven and a half hours, while the day men dependent upon them tor a supply of coal worked eight hours. It is not intended in this article to inquire into the merits of the question between the management and the miners, further than has been done above, nor to express any opinions except to say that the position of the management seems a reasonable one. Indeed, the miners do not dispute his reasoning, but content themselves with saying that the new regulation is "an encroachment upon the rights of labouring men." They call upon the representative of South Kootenay to secure the passage of a law making eight hours from bank to bank a working day in coal, mines.' Thus we find the coal miners of Fernie "appealing unto Caesar," and as they have done so it is proper to inquire how the legislature should deal with the whole subject matter, including strikes and the remedy for them. At a mass meeting of miners held at Michel on July 2nd a proposal to inaugurate a strike in sympathy with the Fernie miners was voted down by a ballot of 56 to 12; nevertheless the secretary of the union posted up a notice declaring that the men should not work. Of itself this is not a very serious matter, but it illustrates a principle. The miners have seen fit to subject themselves to an arbitrary authority, which would not be tolerated for one moment in the government of the country. A short time ago the president of the Chicago Teamsters' Union—we are not sure that the name is absolutely correct—stated that he could at any moment order twenty thousand men to quit work, and this led one of the newspapers of that city to remark that this was a greater power than was possessed by the President of the United States or even by Congress. So we see at Michel an absolutely irresponsible individual ordering a strike. Whether few or many of the miners obeyed the order is neither here nor there. The assumption by any one o'f the right to exercise such a power is dangerous to the community. It is said that the Fernie strike was ordered by the Western Federation of Miners, an organization formed in the United States and controlled there. Thus British Columbia industries are at the mercy of an organization, the managers of which have no interest in this Province, and may be hostile to its progress, who are not amenable to the laws of, this country and whose opinions have been formed from conditions, which happily do not exist in this Dominion. The men constituting the Western Federation of Miners in the United States, have lost confidence in the institutions of their country, and have set up an imperium in imperio. It is intol- I'l! ;!•.!. * W- 260 THE MINING RECORD. Pill HI erable that such an organization should be able to blight the prosperity of this Province. In their published appeal the Fernie miners say: "Autocracy has reigned too long in this fair land. We love our freedom and appreciate equal rights." What greater or more mischievous autocracy can be imagined than that which places the industries of this Province under the control of an alien organization? What a fallacy it is to talk of freedom while owning blind and unreasoning, obedience to an absolutely irresponsible authority? It is said that the British Columbian miners contemplate severing their connection with the Western Federation. They will be wise if they do so, for they have sufficient protection under the laws of this country without resorting to methods which have been adopted in the United States to secure common justice, and they are surely competent to decide for themselves what their interests call for without extraneous interference. That some remedy must, if possible, be devised for this state of things will be admitted without argument. What that remedy should be and how it can be brought about are more difficult questions. Compulsory arbitration appears to be the most reasonable, although it is not a perfect method; but it is to be borne in mind that no remedy for the prevention of evils operates wholly satisfactory. There are laws to prevent smuggling, yet people smuggle and would probably continue to do so under any system of legislation that can be devised. There are laws for the suppression of nuisances and crimes, yet nuisances and crimes are by no means rare. But no one argues that, because these laws do not secure implicit respect, they are useless. If they fail in accomplishing their purposes, we seek, if we are wise, to secure their better enforcement. Or take a class of laws ■which are more nearly akin to measures that may be adopted for the prevention of labour troubles, such, for example, as those for the control of railway companies and coming within the jurisdiction of the Railway Committee of the Privy Council in Canada and of the Inter-state Commerce Commission in the United States. No one pretends that these laws are absolutely effectual to prevent the evils against which they are directed: yet it cannot be denied that they are productive of great benefit, and a proposal to repeal them would be resisted by all classes of the community. Why should we approach the settlement of labour troubles and the overthrow of the tyranny of labour unions in any different spirit from that in which the settlement of transportation problems and the overthrow of the tyranny of railway corporations were dealt with? We concede that in the case of the great corporations franchises exist, which can be rescinded, and there are properties of immense value, which can be attached, if the orders made by constituted authority are not regarded, while in the case of labour unions the subject matter to be dealt with is the right of individuals to labour, and this we -all thought, until union tyranny became a feature of the community, was something which the law had no right to touch. But this difference does not affect the argument for the enactment of remedial legislation. The partial success attending the efforts to control the corporations is an encouragement to attempt the control of the workingmen, within such limits as are consistent with the exercise of individual liberty,- and the fact that no one will pretend that such control will be absolutely effectual in all cases is no reason why the attempt should not be made. We would not be understood as suggesting the enactment of a law compelling any man to work for any one else under any conditions whatever: at the same time we object to any man being prevented from working for any other on the terms satisfactory to himself. Perfect freedom of an individual to place his services at the disposal of another for any legitimate purpose upon terms satisfactory to them both should be secured by law. Nevertheless there is no valid reason why working men should not form unions and co-operate within reasonable limits to secure better wages and better conditions of employment. On the whole the application of arbitration to the. disputes arising between working men and their employers has been satisfactory, and we are strongly of the opinion that the time has come for the enforcement of this method in British Columbia by the strong arm of the law. Compulsory arbitration is not by any means objectionable to the majority of workingmen, although they would probably all object to any compulsory steps to enforce the decrees of the Court of Arbitration. An argument, which meets with approval among some workingmen, is that the unions depend upon public opinion for their influence, and that while cases may be cited where unions have resisted it, in the majority of instances it will be found that they will not stand out when their case is not supported by -the general sense of the community. The strike of the anthracite miners in Pennsylvania, it is claimed, derives its whole force from the fact that the miners have a good case. This aspect of the question is worthy of very serious consideration, and a system of compulsory arbitration depending for fts force upon the coercive influence of public opinion might be worth trying. To get the best out of such a system it would be necessary to provide a full measure of protection for individuals, who might submit to the terms of the award, and of enforcing its observance by employers. By this it is not meant that if the Board of Arbitration should decide that a certain wage was reasonable and proper, that employers should operate' their undertakings and pay that wage, THE MINING RECORD. 261 or that employees should be compelled to go to work for such a wage. This would* have to be left to the parties concerned to decide for themselves. The question will bear further discussion as to the practical details, for the time has come in this Province when the relations between employer and employed should be placed upon a better basis than they now are. THE IRON INDUSTRY. MUCH attention has been given during the last few months to the possibility of establishing in British Columbia iron smelters and kindred industries. While nothing definite has been yet accom- ■ plished, nor is indeed to be expected, from public discussion, a great deal of good has been done, for much information bearing upon the question has been brought out and the Department of Mines has promised to do all in its power to supplement infor- maton at present available by, official investigation. The great benefit of the academic treatment of this industry is that the facts elicited will hardly fail to attract the attention of possible investors, for there never was a time in the history of the world when iron, in one form or another, was in anything like as great demand as it is to-day. In the building trade, for example, the consumption of this metal far exceeds anything contemplated not very long ago. Most of us can remember when in the construction of even the largest buildings iron played a very subordinate part, while in structures of the ordinary class it was scarcely ever employed except in the form of nails. Nowadays the concentration of business in the larger cities has led to the erection of buildings of a class calling for great quantities of steel, and even in smaller structures iron is being employed to a much larger extent than ever before. Within comparatively recent years there has been an active demand for steel for bridge purposes, and it is only a matter of a comparatively short time when the majority of the larger wooden highway bridges in North America will be replaced with steel. The same is true of the railways. In thousands of instances wood has been employed in the construction of railway bridges, with a full knowledge that they would later be replaced by steel structures. This has been the case with so many roads that it is needless to particularize any one of them. At the. time of construction motives of economy led the companies to employ the material which was the cheapest at the moment, with the intention of substituting permanent structures when traffic warranted. A heavier volume of traffic likewise calls for heavier rails over many miles of railway every year, in addition to the demand made by ordinary wear and tear. A steady increase in railway mileage means not only a demand for rails for new lines, but an increase in the annual demand for renewals. The volume of commerce is steadily growing, and this means a vast addition annually to the quantity of iron used in ship-building. In short, the demands of transportation, including ships, railways and bridges, call for a supply of iron which not only immensely surpasses that of a comparatively short time ago, but is expanding every year. It is not necessary to mention the other industrial uses to which iron is put, for nothing is clearer than that with the increasing complexity of our civilization the number of the purposes for which it is employed and the quantity required is steadily expanding. It is open to doubt if the discovery* of new deposits of high-class iron ore is keeping pace with the expansion of the market. Though very widely distributed the ores of iron are not very often found of such quality as to warrant their employment economically at present prices and under existing methods of treatment. Every deposit of iron ore is not a mine of economic value, as a good many people in this Province have learned to their cost. Many things enter into consideration, when one endeavours to pronounce upon the value of an iron deposit. There is the quality of the ore itself, the availability of fluxes when necessary, the cost of fuel, the convenience and cost of grouping together the materials necessary in successful smelting operations, the cost of labour, the accessibility of a market and so on. In addition to these what may be called natural considerations, there is the artificial consideration which may or may not arise from the fact that a great combination of capital dominates the iron market. These are matters into which intending investors will look, and the most that those who are unable to take up the industry in a practical way can hope to do is to cast as much light as possible upon them. We repeat that what has been done in this direction in Victoria recently has been of very great value, and those who have been instrumental in accomplishing it should persevere along the lines of investigation that may open up. Some things have been established beyond question. There are numerous deposits of iron ore in British Columbia, some of them being apparently of great magnitude, although few, if any, have been fully proved. The magnetite ores are of high quality as a rule, but will be expensive to handle without a flux. The hematite deposits are not as well known, and are not as a rule as well situated in respect to water transportation as the magnetite, many of these latter being upon salt water and accessible by the largest ships. There are some deposits of bog iron, but very little has been ascertained about their extent. There are apparently extensive deposits of iron clay. Speaking conservatively, it may be said that, so far as the ore is concerned, a good prima facie case has been made out, and one may feel safe in recommend- Muu 262 THE MINING RECORD. ing capitalists, desiring a field for investment in the iron industry, to give the Coast section of this Province careful and exhaustive examination. So far as fuel is concerned there need be no question. If the object is to produce charcoal iron, there is abundant wood for the manufacture of charcoal. If coke is needed there is an abundance of excellent coking coal, which can be secured by any one who might wish to be independent of the present colliery companies. The transportation of ores and fuel to the point of assembly for smelting would be almost wholly by water in land-locked seas. It is not probable that the cost of labour would materially handicap the industry in British -Columbia. It does not in the State of Washington. The exceedingly favourable character of the climate on the Coast of the Province is an element that must be taken into account, because the absence of extremes of temperature and the almost entire absence of snowfalls over the greater part of the area contribute largely to the successful employment of labour in any industry. The local market is necessarily limited, but there is a growing demand in the interior of Canada, while the industry would be established on the ocean and hence all foreign countries would be accessible at a minimum cost. The claim is made by those, who have given the subject some investigation, that iron can be manufactured in British Columbia and exported to the Pacific Coast States at a profit. We do not vouch for the accuracy of this. On the whole the advantages which British Columbia offers as the seat of a great iron industry are well worth very careful investigation by persons contemplating an investment of that character. YUKON GOLD AND B. C. CITIES. j AST year the Boards of Trade of Victoria and ■*-' Vancouver made a praiseworthy and not unsuccessful effort to divert a part of the flood of Yukon gold from Seattle to these British Columbian cities. Funds were subscribed in Victoria and Vancouver last year to make good any charges in the transmission of bullion from those cities to the mints, so that miners could obtain a full price for their bullion, and a i ebate on account of the royalty on gold sold at the B. C. assay offices was allowed by the Dominion Government. The benefit of this policy was felt to a very considerable extent almost immediately, but for some reason that has not been made public, the rebate has been abandoned, and at present no inducements are offered to miners to bring their dust to Canadian cities, so that it now practically all goes to Seattle. This is a great disappointment to the business men of Victoria and Vancouver, who hoped that their efforts last year would have produced lasting results. The present system of handling Yukon gold is not a good one, and perhaps the interests of all concerned would be best served by the establishment at Dawson of an assay office, where the gold could be purchased by the Dominion Government, cash or drafts on Canadian banks being given for it. Those who are familiar with business conditions in Dawson state that the use of gold dust as a medium of exchange is attended with considerable loss, especially to the retailer. It would be better for the miner and trader if dust went out of circulation in Dawson, and this can only be completely brought about when the Government provides a means whereby miners can realize upon their bullion on the spot. Not many men wish to bring their gold dust out of the country, the greater number of the miners preferring to carry either bank notes or bills of exchange. If such bills of exchange were made payable at par at Canadian banks, their holders would in many cases present them in the British Columbian cities. Probably at least as many of them would do so as would bring bullion to those cities to have it assayed, under any system of assaying that could be adopted. The claim of the British Columbian cities, that steps should be taken so as to attract to them the largest possible share of the Yukon trade, is a reasonable one. They have been much handicapped in the past. Vexatious administration of the customs laws at Skagway, the exceptional treatment accorded by the Canadian Government to United States coasting vessels in the Northwest trade, the fact that a majority of the Yukon miners came from the United States, and the constant and powerful, if intangible, influence of the largest centre of population in the Pacific Northwest drew and continues to draw away from those cities a large part of the business, which under other conditions would have found its way there. If the Government can devise any means of overcoming these handicaps and enabling British Columbian business communities to compete on an equal footing with the United States-cities for the Yukon trade, if, indeed, the Government can discover any reasonable way in which our cities can be given an advantage in this regard, it would be an act of prudent statesmanship to take the necessaty steps. The' attention of our readers is directed to an advertisement appearing in this issue announcing that a meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute will be held in Nelson on September the nth and 12th next for the purpose of organizing a branch in British Columbia. We feel confident that mining engineers and managers in the country will approve of this movement and afford it hearty support. As is of course known, British Columbia of all the Provinces of the Dominion occupies the leading position m point of metalliferous mine output, and it is therefore but right and fitting that this important industry THE MINING RECORD. 263 should.be represented in the Province by an organization comprising those chiefly interested in and re-, sponsible for its promotion and welfare. Meanwhile we desire to express our appreciation of the.excellent work done by Mr. B. T. A. Bell, the society's capable and energetic secretary, by whose efforts largely the Institute has been placed in its present position of usefulness and influence. The Canadian Mining Institute, previously known as the Federated Mining Institute, was incorporated by Act of Parliament of Canada in 1898, its objects being to promote the science and practice of mining and metallurgy in Canada, and to advance the development of the mineral resources of the Dominion. The membership to-day numbers about four hundred,—exclusive of mining students, of which over one hundred names are entered on the Institute's list under this heading—and is thoroughly representative of the best elements of the mining profession and industry in Canada, from Newfoundland in the East to the Yukon Territory in the Far West. The proceedings are published in volume form annually, and the growing importance of the Institute may be tolerably well guaged by the fact that Vol. V, now in the press, will, we understand, contain over 800 pages and 200 engravings, and include something like forty papers contributed by the most eminent Canadian mining authorities on subjects applicable to mining and metallurgical practice in this country. The Institute offers every year two gold medals for competition, one being given for the most meritorious paper contributed by any member during the year, and a second, in addition to money prizes, for the best original papers sent in by students. Among papers promised for the Nelson meeting are the folloymg: "Coarse Concentration in the Nelson District," by S. S. Fowler; "Mine Timbering by the Square Set System at Rossland," by Bernard McDonald; "Comparison of Costs of Compressed Air by Steam and Electric Power at Rossland," by William Thompson; "Mine Signalling by Compressed Air," by Bernard McDonald and W. Thompson, and "Mineral Resources of Vancouver Island," by W. M. Brewer. L The report of the committee appointed by the shareholders to investigate the position of the Le Roi mine scarcely casts much new light on the situation, and although the outlook is said to be less gloomy than was originally supposed, we are inclined to agree up to a certain point with the conclusions arrived at by Mr. C. Williamson Milne, a member of the committee, who in a minority report recommends the reconstruction of the company as the best means of getting rid of the large indebtedness to the Bank of Montreal. This indebtedness amounted at the beginning of May to approximately a million and a half dollars, and the interest on this enormous sum alone would be sufficient to pay a dividend of over ij per cent, on the present excessive capitalization. The affairs of the concern are seemingly in such a hopeless muddle that some scheme—not by any means necessarily Mr. Milne's—whereby the tangle might be unravelled and a fresh start under more favourable conditions made, should have been if possible devised and adopted in preference to a laisser faire policy, they the shareholders apparently desire. If, however, they and the Bank of Montreal are satisfied there is nothing more to be said. Meanwhile the company suffers a loss in the resignation of Mr. Mackenzie from the mine management, while the acceptance by Sir Henry Tyler and Mr. A. J. Macmillan of directorate positions is a distinct gain. Had these gentlemen joined the Board earlier, it is very probable that Mr. Mackenzie would have had no special cause for abandoning his post. Be that as it may we cordially agree-with the London Critic that "with straightforward management at the mine, and an honest Board of business men in London, the shareholders may yet see a very good return upon their investment; but if they will again hand over the undertaking to a group of company-mongers, the probability is that their last state will be very much worse than it is at present." A very interesting rock drilling contest with air drills recently took place in Denver, Colorado. The rock selected for this test was a schist of more than ordinary hardness for drill work, and the competition included setting up the machine, and after drilling two holes taking to pieces and replacing it in the original-position. In drilling, one hole was above the horizontal and the other below, with the stipulation that the angle was not to exceed 250 in either case. The depth of hole was nine feet and guage of finishing drill if; size of drilling machine not over three inches air cylinder, and the air pressure was to be maintained at no pounds. Any make of machine was allowed. There were twenty-three team entries, the winners making the following record: Time of setting up, 3-J min.; time, 1st hole, 17^ min.; back, time, 1st! to 2nd hole, 30 sec; time, 2nd hole, 17 min. 50 sec.; down, 2 min. 55 sec.; time tearing down, 2 min. 55 sec.; total time, 42 min, 15 sec. The makes of drills used by the several competitors were those manufactured by the Ingersoll, Sullivan and Leyner companies, the latter make of machine in this particular instance proving the most serviceable for rapid work, it being employed by the winners of both the first and second prizes. Unfortunately, we have not by us at the moment any catalogue or other means of informing ourselves of the special merits of the Leyner machine, although we observe that the machine is listed by the Hendrie & Bolthoff Manufacturing & ill f. i 264 THE MINING RECORD. Supply Co., of Denver, Colorado, an establishment, of course, well known to our readers. We print elsewhere in this issue a letter from Mr. J. R. Crossan, local manager of the McCrossan undertakings in the Lardeau, replying to an article entitled "Preacher and Promoter," which appeared in the June issue of the Mixing Record. Mr. McCrossan states that he has not read the article itself, but draws his own conclusions of its tenour from extracts published therefrom by the Monetary Times (Toronto). In only one particular does our correspondent challenge the accuracy of our statements, and that is in respect to the establishment of the Vulcan Furnace at Ferguson before it had been ascertained that suitable fluxes were obtainable in the immediate vicinity. He states that the company was perfectly well aware that the material was available, but as last winter the snow covered the ground to a depth of five feet or over, operations were delayed. But this does not tally with the assertions made by the "Rev." C. W. McCrossan in his bulletins to shareholders. If, however, the managements of these concerns will drop romancing and other stock-booming methods, and devote their energies instead to legitimate mining work, there will be no further grounds for criticism. The Triune, at any rate, is an exceedingly promising claim, and should yield good profits if operations are directed in anything like a competent manner. Our contemporary the Nezv Denver Ledge, is generally conceded to be one of the wittiest and most original weeklies published in British Columbia. Yet in a recent issue it does not hesitate to crib holus bolus a leading article from last month's Mining Record on the subject of our iron resources. Several other local papers have been guilty of the same offence of late. Not that this sort of thing really matters to us, but there is a journalistic etiquette which, we think, should be observed in British Columbia as elsewhere. A newspaper is perfectly warranted in extracting news of a certain kind after it has thus become public property from the columns, of a contemporary without crediting the source from whence this information originated, but original editorial comment does not come under the category of "stealable" matter, and in all fairness proper credit should be given for it when it is considered of sufficient interest and value to be republished by another journal. Some of the technical periodicals published in the States, as for example the Mining Reporter (Denver) in self protection, even go the length of copyrighting the complete contents of each of their issues. appear this season to be attending gold dredging effort, both in British Columbia and in the Yukon. The dredge at Lytton is said to be now operating successfully, and reports of operations at the mouth of Tranquille Creek, near Kamloops, are also distinctly more encouraging. In the Yukon, dredging is being prosecuted on Bonanza Creek and on Stewart River. Somewhat novel measures, it is learned, are employed in the former case, bedrock ground ahead being drilled and blasted, the material being afterwards taken up by buckets attached to the arm of the dredge. The direction of work on the Stewart River has been assumed by Mr. William Ogilvie, formerly Commissioner of the Yukon Territory, who having thoroughly investigated conditions in that locality is satisfied of the existence there of gold in payable quantities, which he believes is easily recoverable. It is with the deepest regret that we- learn of the sudden death from drowning of Mr. Howard West, A. R. S. M., who for many years practiced as an assayer in the Slocan. Mr. West at one time acted as special correspondent of the Mining Record and contributed many valuable articles on the subject of siver- lead mining in the Slocan district to our columns. He graduated from the Royal School of Mines with honours at the early age of seventeen, and Was generally regarded as an exceptionally clever and rising member of his profession. A most promising career has been suddenly cut short by his untimely death. Mineral discoveries of more than usual interest have been recently made in British Columbia. Thus, for instance, the recent discovery in several sections of the Similkameen district of ores carrying platinum, specimens j recently assayed by Messrs. Baker & Co., of Newark, N. J., being found to contain 60 oz. of this metal to the ton, in addition to gold and copper values. On Whitewater Creek, too, near Kaslo, asbestos occurrences are being developed by a Montreal syndicate, while in East Kootenay much attention has of late been directed to the large surface indications denoting the presence of mineral oil there. It is gratifying to learn that at length better results We have had this month somewhat tangible proof of the increased interest that is now being manifested by Americans and others in the East in respect to mining development in British Columbia. Thus since July 1st, no less than' a hundred and forty-three applications have been made to us for specimen copies of the Mining Record, while quite a respectable number of new subscriptions have also been received from the same, quarters. THE MINING RECORD THE GEOLOGY 01 COAL THE CROW'S NEST AREAS.* By J. McEvoy. (Geological Survey of Canada.; THE Crow's Nest coal-field is situated immediately west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains on the Crow's Nest Pass. It is all included in the Province of British Columbia, excepting) a small portion in the immediate vicinity of the pass, which crosses the watershed into the district of Alberta. The area of Cretaceous rocks in the vicinity is nearly 500 square miles in extent. The coal measures, originally deposited over the whole of the area, have been eroded away around the edges, where the rocks are crumpled and folded, and along some of the deeper valleys penetrating well into the area, so that their actual area is approximately 230 square miles. In shape, the area covered by coal'measures, like that of the Cretaceous basin itself, is, roughly speaking, a long pointed triangle, with its base to the south. Its greatest length is about thirty-five miles, north and south, and its greatest width about thirteen miles. These figures are of course only approximate as the work as not yet been plotted. . Coal is said to have been discovered in this part of the country many years ago. Its reported existence is alluded to in the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1880-S2 (p. 2 B). It is again referred to in the report for 1882-84 (p. 111C). The coal-bearing area was approximately defined and examined in a preliminary way by Dr. G. M. Dawson in 1883. It was again visited after some prospecting had been done, by Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn in 1891.! The Crow's Nest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, descending Michael Creek on the western slope of the mountains, crosses the northern part of the coal lands. It then follows the Elk River downward nearly along the line of the western boundary of the Cretaceous area, for a distance of about twenty- five miles. The upturned western edge of the Cretaceous rocks form a ridge or escarpment which runs parallel to the Elk River and three or four miles distant therefrom. The height of the escarpment is fairly uniform, being 3,500 to 4,000 feet above the river. About half-way up the slope the. coal measures are found outcropping with dips of 300 to 400 eastward.. A search for fossils in the limestones underlying the Cretaceous rocks, resulted in the discovery, of several specimens of the genus Productus. These rocks have been classed as Devono-Carboniferous, and for the greater part of their extent such classification must remain. The discovery of Productus is, however, fairly good evidence that in this part the upper members of the limestone series is definitely Carboniferous. Notwithstanding the great lapse of time between the Carboniferous and Cretaceous deposits, wherever their relation to each other could be seen they appear to be conformable. The general attitude of the Cre- *Forthe illustration blocks accompanying this article we are indebted to the courtesy of the Canadian Mining Institute. tSee Annual Report, Geol. Surv. Can. (N.S.,) Vol. I. (1885), Part B., and Summary Report, iSgr. taceous rocks is that of a wide flat-bottomea syncune, or rather basin, for the beds are upturned at the north and south ends of the area, as well as at each sido. On the south and west borders of the area, the upturning has been accomplished without much faulting of the coal measures and overlying beds, but the lower members of the series, consisting of the black shales and soft calcareous shales, have been badly crushed and folded. It is along or near the eastern edge of the area that th; greatest dislocation has taken place. The greatest erosion, however, did not here follow the line of contact with the limestones, but is marked by a depression in the hills, running parallel to the contact, and about four miles inside the border. In some p!ac2s here at the actual contact, the Cretaceous measures / appear to have been tilted up bodilv, without crusi ing, and it may be hoped that further work will discover a section where the thickness of the lower beds of the series may be obtained. Such a section coult not be found on the western edge, on account of the. crushed and folded state of the rocks previously mentioned. Although in general the Cretaceous rocks are said to hare assumed the form of a flat-bottomed ba i i, there are many places where local faults have destroyed the symmetry of this arrangement. Some of these faults are of considerable dimensions and will form an important factor to be reckoned with in the- problem of systematically mining the coal. Before attempting any detailed statement of th? situation of the coal measures it is perhaps deslrab'e to have an idea of the character and thickness of th.2 266 THE MINING RECORD. Cretaceous rocks occurring in the basin. Toward the end of the season, a section was measured on the front of the escarpment, about three miles north of Morrissey siding. A steel tape was used and slopes were measured with a hand-level. The results should be fairly reliable. It is only in the adjustment necessary where there was a local twisting of the beds, that there is room for any appreciable error. The site selected for the section was on a small spur from the escarpment, where, some years ago, Mr. Fernie had 22 excavations made on the outcrop of the coal seams. The crest of T:he spur has an average slope of nearly thirty degrees, and affords the exceptional opportunity of getting an unbroken section of almost 5,000 feet. Dr. Selwyn, then Director of the Survey, pub- 14 Black shale 11 o 15 Conglomerate and gritty sandstone 25 o 16 Black shale 4 0 17 Coal 2 6 18 Black shale 20 o 19 Conglomerate 85 o 20 Black and brown shale with one layer carbonaceous shale 72 0 21 Hard gray sandstone 11 0 Conglomerate 20 0 ^0 Hard gray sandstone 65 0 24 Carbonaceous shale. (Some coal?). 8 0 25 Black shale 6 o 26 Brownish shale 27 0 27 Fine-grained gray sandstone 34 o Coke Ovens at Fernie in Course of Construction. lished in the Summary Report for 1891 a list of the seams then measured. The section which follows is given in the natural order, beginning at the top of the escarpment and running downward. Feet. Inches. 1 Hard conglomerate 6 o 2 Gray nodular limestone in soft brown shale 3 o 3 Hard, coarse conglomerate with layers of sandstone 38 o 4 Brown shale and brown soft nodu lar sandstone 48 5 Hard conglomerate with lavers of gritty sandstone . 50 o 6 Covered 33 o 7 Gritty sandstone 16 o 8 Brown shale 35 o 9 Gritty sandstone and conglomerate 13 o 10 Bluish, thinly bedded sandstone . . 41 o 11 Brownish, shaly sandstone 30 o 12 Black shale 14 o 13 Gritty sandstone 22 o 28 29 30 34 0/ 38 39 40 4i A2 43 44 45 a6 Brownish sha'e; some beds of soft sandstone 84 ° Bluish hard sandstone 10 B'ack shale 8 0 Coal 1 ° Brown and black sha'e 57 ° Gray sandstone 96 0 Black and gray shale 34 ° Coai 1 ° Brown shale 3 ° Coal 1 0 Thinly-bedded bluish sandstone . . 14 Hard gray sandstone 133 Coal, including some- carbonaceous shale " 5 ° B'ack and brown shale 20 ° Hard gray sandstone with three irregular layers of conglomerate 175 ° Black shale 27 0 Coal (upper foot impure) 4 Black shale '. 38 ° Hard gray sandstone 55 THE MINING RECORD. 267 47 48 49 50 5i 5* 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Deeply covered Shale, probably including some coal Carbonaceous shale Coal Carbonaceous shale and coal Black shale and carbonaceous shale Coal (impure) Shale and soft sandstone Coal Carbonaceous shale Black shale, including some carbonaceous shale and possibly some coal Coal Black shale and carbonaceous shale Carbonaceous shale and coal Coal Black and brown shale and carbonaceous shale with thin seams of coal Coal (upper ten feet impure) Brown and black shale Hard sandstone Black shale Coal Shale Coal Shale Coal Shale and shaly sandstone Coal (upper foot impure) Bluish shaly sandstone Coal Black shale Coal Shale Coal Shale Coal (bottom two feet impure) .... Bluish black shale sandstone Black shale Coal ■ Chiefly black shale, partlv covered. Coal ." Shale Coal Black shale Hard gray sandstone Black shale Coal Black shale Hard gray sandstone Black and brownish shale 1 Feet Inches 100 0 10- 0 8 0 7 0 *p 0 33 0 3 6 0 5 0 4 0 150 3 100 20 10 140 30 134 5^ 4 1 o o o I 208 m 4 1 4 6 19 00 i25 364 1 1 46 16 60 no 46 10 100 concluded that there is a total thickness of workable coal of at least 100 feet. Below the base of the section the rocks are disturbed and broken, but the black shales last mentioned appear to continue for some distance farther. These are succeeded by 500 feet or more of soft gray sandy argillites, fairly calcareous and occurring in thick beds Below the argillites, comes an uncertain thickness, possibly. 1,000 feet, of thin shaly limestone and calcareous shales Although not seen in this place, a band of rather coarse grained fragmental limestone belongs to this horizon. The lowest beds of the series are not exposed here, but where seen o o o o o o o o o o 4 5 9 10 o o 6 o 6 o o 7 9 o o o o o 6 o 4 3 o o o o o o o o Total 4>736 3 Total thickness of coal 216 2 Of the above thickness of coal, the greater part, 198 feet, occurs in a thickness of measures of 1,847 feet. Besides the parts of the coal mentioned in the j section as impure, there are some irregular layers of I shaly material and nodular iron-stone in the larger ! seams. Making allowance for these, and deducting j some of the smaller seams that could not be profit- I ably mined, sav three feet or under, it may be safely Sanistone a-n<L da noloi ufe. Carbonacetfus SAa-lc. X' 1 Cqo.1 a.n<L sAcJe. J, i2> CcxiF ShaUs, Bbovt tSo of Sandstones a.n<L Cona I ome. ra.t'e.%. SWa-les. No-S. Seam. , ffi-SeAT ■ fefyed lb- S kcles tt ndL, QCOLOGlCflL S EKZTJOhJ .1. Sho.fi» 1 a.t>t. 300-fceT Shales a.ndL San iLsTone.. Pre3 e nt No I Sea, m- Caa.1 a.ndU Sha.le. ^O-footseam reterrei.ta C 00.I. S*»ales an<L. Sa.ncLstorie.'. a? c.oa. 1 hdles. Old. No.l Sea.m. y S a-ndstone a.Hd.Conqlorriei'a.'fe. elsewhere, consist of black shales with two or more layers of hard fine-grained dark-coloured dolomitic limestone. Their thickness has not yet been ascertained, but they appear to be several hundred feet at least. Toward the top of the section, it will be noted that the beds largely consist of conglomerate and gritty sandstone. The conglomerate especially is very hard. Its pebbles are principally of black and gray chert, imbedded in a matrix so silicified that cleavage-planes cut both pebbles and matrix as if the rock were of homogeneous texture. The preservation of the coal measures is in a great degree due to the presence of these hard -beds, which prevented erosion, and by their great strength saved the more 268 THE MINING RECORD. yielding beds of the underlying coal measures from crushing and folding. The conglomerates and sandstones are false-bedded and of irregular thickness, and individual beds cannot be expected to be continuous over very large areas. The beds consisting chiefly of nodular limestone, near the top of the section, and another similar bed occurring a few feet higher up in the series, have been recognized in several places in the same relative position to the conglomerates, and may be regarded as a definite horizon for the correlation of the strata at widely separated points. Above the top of the measured section, the over- Iving rocks are seen northward along the escarpment, the first succeeding bed being ten feet of soft brown General View of Coking Plant at Fernie, B. C, shale, then the second band of nodular limestone in brown shale already mentioned, followed by 200 feet or more of alternating layers of brown shale and sandstone, in beds of six to fifty feet thickness. Above this, although partial sections were obtained here and there, the continuity is broken. There appears to be altogether a development of 4,000 to 5,000 feet of measures above the top of the section just given. In contrast to the lower part of the series, black shales are rarely found here. Brown colours prevail throughout. The principal rocks are: soft brown friable shale decomposing easily into brown sand, brown shale weathering into angular blocks, soft gray, greenish and yellowish sandstone, weathering brown and reddish, frequently unequally and nodularly hardened. There are some beds of harder gray sandstone and conglomerate. Dark gray, friable shale forms an appreciable part of the series, and an occasional band of black shale is to be seen. Toward the top of the series there is a notable bed of conglomerate, composed of well-rounded dark, cherty quartzite pebbles up to six inches in diameter, loosely held together by a matrix of soft gray sandstone. It decomposes readily, the pebbles being found in abundance in stream- beds and strewn along the hill-sides, while the rock in place, like, the outcrop of coal-seams, is only to be found in certain favourable locations. The total thickness of Cretaceous rocks deposited in the area, according to the above estimate, is from 12,000 to 13,000 feet. It is not at all probable that a section could be found in any other part of the area that would exactly, or even closely, correspond to the one just given. A comparison of a part of this section with the beds at the mines on Coal Creek, shows that there is a great difference in thickness between the ineasurs at the two places. The coal seams numbered 61, 63, and 71, in the section, correspond to the three seams which up to the present have been chiefly worked at the mines as shown in the following table. ,Thc distance between the two places is about seven miles On Near Morrissey. Coal Creek. Coal 10 feet. 10 feet. Intervening beds 140 ' 60 ' Coal ' 36 " 30 | Intervening beds 197 " 42 Coal 6 " 6 " It will be seen that while there is a great diminution of the intervening beds, the coal seams are fairly persistent. This may not be the case throughout the whole of the area, but whatever change may take place, is as likely to be favourable as otherwise. The openings at Michel, sixteen miles north of the mines on Coal Creek, expose three seams of coal, fifteen to seventeen feet in thickness, but there is not yet sufficient evidence to correlate them with the seams at Coal Creek. What there is, however, tends to show that some of the seams at least have a greater thickness here than they have to the south. The coal seams near Marten Creek were not examined in detail, as the excavations made there, about the same time as those near Morrissey, have caved in, and re-excavation would be necessary to expose the seams. Measurements were made at this place also by Mr. Frank B. Smith, engineer for the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., and the results are given in Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn's Summary Report for 1891. A part of this list of seams agrees fairly well with the Morrissey section, but in other parts there is a marked difference It appears likely that the four lowest seams there given, are a repetition of some of the upper ones, and are placed at the bottom, either by attempting to compile partial sections at two or more places, or because the excavations were continued downward across a line of fault which runs north-and- south, near the outcrop of the lower seams. The lowest of the large seams was not fully exposed when the list was published, and further work showed a much greater thickness of coal than was then estimated Apart altogether from any success in correlating the individual seams in this section at Marten THE MINING RECORD. 269 Creek with those in the Morrissey section, there is abundant evidence to show that they are of the same horizon, and that there is only one set of coal meas: ures to be found in the area. The Kootenie series of Dr. Dawson comprises the lower and middle beds of the section just given. Their age has been established as Lower Cretaceous, chiefly by the determination by Sir J. William Dawson of fossil plants contained in the beds of the coal-bearing horizoi.. It was remarked in this connection that the list of plants included "some forms usually regarded as Jurassic, but that the greater number have the facies of the Lower Cretaceous."* There is, however, in this section at least 3,000 feet, and probably a much greater thickness, of beds underlying the horizon from which these plants were taken. This year two specimens of Ammonites and several specimens of a Belemnite were discovered in these lower beds. tween Coal Creek and Marten Creek, where the dips begin to be reversed. A short distance beyond, to the north-east of the summit, these dips are greatly increased and the successive beds are rapidly brought to the surface till the coal measures again appear at the crossing of Marten Creek. Marten Creek is one of the sources of the south branch of Michel Creek, which occupies a wide low valley running northward to the "loop" on the railway. The erosion of this valley has carried away the coal measures from a wide strip of country. The valley follows the line of what was, at one time, probably a broken anticline caused by the uplifting of the limestone floor of the basin. Two faults resulting from this movement are to be seen running parallel to the valley, one on each side. The uplift was greatest to the north where there is a protruding hummock of the limestone near the junction of the west branch. Weighing and Screening Building. They have not yet been determined, however. The rocks of the upper part of the section probably extend into the upper division of the Cretaceous representing the Dakota group or even higher members. No fossils have yet been found'in these beds. Without the assistance of a map, the work not yet being compiled it is difficult to give a clearly intelligible description of the outcrop and attitude of the coal seam's, but by omitting detailed statements of distances and elevations, something further may be said. Along the front of the escarpment facing the Elk River, the coal seams begin to outcrop at elevations of 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the river. The dips are uniformly to the east at angles of 200 to 400.' Going eastward up Coal Creek, these dips are seen to flatten out, until at a distance of about five miles from the Elk the beds are ahnost horizontal. They continue thus with slight undulations nearly to the summit be- *Trans Royal Soc. Canada, Vol. X., Sec. IV.. Toward the south, evidence of this movement gradually dies out, extending only a few miles to the south-east of the mouth of Marten Creek. Beyond the valley of the south branch of Michel Creek, the coal measures outcrop well up the mountain side in the same attitude and relative position to the stream that the beds on the front of the escarpment bear to the Elk River. The measures continue eastward forming another syncline, narrower than that first described, on the west side of the valley, and should outcrop again on the mountains near the edge of the Cretaceous area. Further information is, however, wanting at this point. North of Coal Creek, in the area lying between the south branch of Michel Creek and the Elk River, the beds do not long continue to hold the same regular form that they exhibit along Coal Creek itself. A few miles north of the creek, the transition from the steep dips at the front to the horizontal position farther back is more abrupt; and a short distance far- 270 THE MINING RECORD. ther northward, becomes a sharp break with more or less faulting. This fault continues northward to opposite a point between Hosmer and Sparwood stations. Beyond that the beds resume a more normal attitude, such as they have near Coal Creek. On the east side of the fault the rocks dip to the south) at angles of 10° to 150. The result of this is that the coal measures are brought nearer to the surface, and they are found outcropping on the side of a deep gash in the hills made by a small stream emptying into the south branch of Michel Creek, below the junction of the east fork. This stream thus causes another bay in the outline, at least of the upper part, of the coal measures. Eastward from this place, the beds bend around gradually to join the measures at Marten Creek, without any further serious dislocation. The fault above mentioned generally lies behind the front rocks occupy the bottom of the Elk River valley for some distance, there is no sign of any coal measures for fully twenty-five miles. For several miles of this length the Cretaceous rocks are altogether wanting and the Carboniferous limestones and quartzites are exposed to view. On the hills to the east of the "loop" on the railway at the forks of Michel Creek, thin remnants of the Cretaceous rocks are left in patches, and parts of the two lowest coal seams still remain, but for the most part the measures have been worn away. The narrower syncline of coaL.measures on the east side of the south branch of Michel Creek, continues northward beyond the interruption caused by the east branch and extends for a short distance across the main watershed into the district of Alberta. The coal measures in this extension occur in a long spur sro'.-. r,^>VM- aagEEgjg »-TIMHKR a i <m<- g/IPT-, =■ « 1° •" tgoTT—^T^! Tl m s Hfct*^*^" FLRN of TRESTLE TFf RC KS a-f Th e <x/V-cy?-r» __4 The B» ttt'ce ».vUr»ickrhe Pil\o.Y thi. iti.£ of thecjvj&xzut ft>ri»£Ti BRflTTIC E . VEL NTll-flTiON of the escarpment, but for a few miles northward from a point opposite Hosmer it cuts across the face of the hills some distance below the summit. This gives a complicated appearance which is the only exception to uniformity along the entire front. Where Michel Creek cuts through the northern part of the area, the basin is narrow, and the upper part of the coal measures has been eroded away in the valley. The bottom of the syncline is probably a short distance to the east of Michel station, and it appears to rise gradually both to the north and south, with the lowest point of the basin, or trough, situated a little to the south of the stream. There are minor folds and irregularities in the rocks, and even with the help of the knowledge gained by the Coal Company in its operations at this place the situation is not entirely clear. To the north of the stream the beds continue in the form of a gradually rising syncline for a distance of about six miles. Beyond this, although Cretaceous from a mountain, four or five miles southward from the Crow's Nest summit on the railway. They are fairly flat-lying for the greater part, but on the west side of the spur," facing the old pack trail, a sharp fold or fault has given the rocks a dip of 6o° to 700 to the north-east. Hereabouts, especially on the coal seams occurring in the steeply-dipped part of the rocks, the British American Coal Company has done a good deal of prospecting. The seams have been exposed at the surface in many places, and during the last season a tunnel was commenced with the object of tapping the seams some distance below their outcrop. The point at which the tunnel is driven is 600 feet up the hill, but the seams are exposed lower down, and can no doubt be found near the base of the hill in a convenient place for shipping the coal. In the part of the coal lands thus far described, there is no very great area intact, and as there are several points from' which the measures may be con- THE MINING RECORD. 271 veniently attacked,-no excessive underground haulage will be necessary. The coal seams do not reach any great depth, being almost entirely above the level of the Elk River. tion in their outline and affords a good site for mining operations. Southward from Morrissey Creek, the escarpment or rim of the basin begins to bend to the east and continues curving around along the south- Coke Ovens at Fernie. The measures lying south of Coal Creek occupy a practically unbroken block of country twelve miles H more in width and of somewhat greater length. Along the front by the Elk River, the beds continue ern limit of the measures by Lodge-pole Creek, finally turning northward as far as the Flathead- River at the south-eastern corner of the area. Here the escarpment ends. The rocks all the way around dip immw- mm r«'' ill Slack Bin at Fernie. to hold uniform easterly dips and behave in the same regularly inward. They, gradually flatten out to a way that thev do at Coal Creek. Morrissey Creek, more or less horizontal position a few miles from the ten miles south of Coal Creek, makes a slight indenta- edge, without any noticeable fractures, but in so do- i\ 272 THE MINING RECORD. ing, in this southern part of the area, they are carried to a greater depth than they are to the north. A section eastward from Morrissey Creek would show that the coal measures, after first bending to a horizontal position, rise a little in a gently swelling anticline and then slope steadily downward till they reach the lowest depth in the whole area. This point of greatest depth is only three or four miles from the eastern edge of the basin. The rocks at the surface are the highest beds of the section previously given and they still dip to the east. A low drift-covered valley lies between this point and the eastern edge, where the lowest beds of the series are upturned against the limestone mountains. It is probable that this rapid transition has been assisted by faulting. Owing to the depth of the measures in this eastern interior part, it is doubtful whether the coal can be profitably extracted. For the greater part, however, the conditions for mining are favourable enough. Coal Creek, Morrisey Creek and Lodge-pole Creek are all suitable places to commence operations, and a part of the area can be reached from the south branch of Michel Creek. The mines of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company at Coal Creek, already referred to, were started when the Crow's Nest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway was built. On this line, near the crossing of Coal Creek, the town of Fernie. has sprung up. It is a good example of rapid western growth. The mines are reached from Fernie by a spur from the main line running four and a-half miles up the creek. The good quality of the coal is now' so well established that further mention in that respect is unnecessary. The output is increasing rapidly of late and is now well over 1,000 tons a day. About one-half of this is converted into coke, 360 bee-hive ovens being in constant operation at Fernie. The coke produced is of superior quality and preparations are being made to increase the number of ovens. In addition to the mining on Coal Creek the company has recently commenced work on the seams at Michel and is already turning out coal for shipment. Material is on the ground for the construction of coke ovens and this point promises'shortly to equal Fernie in importance. Although the extent of the coal lands in the area can as yet be only somewhat roughly estimated, the estimate (230 sq. miles) should be near enough to the truth to be used as an argument for the calculation of the total available coal supply. The thickness used in the calculation is the minimum already given of 100 feet of workable coal. Total area of coal lands 230 square miles. = 147,200 acres. One acre with 100 feet of coal would yield 153,480 tons of 2,240 lbs. 50,000 acres would yield 7,674,000,000 " 147,200 acres would yield : 22,595,200,000 " " PYRITES MINE. RED GULCH CREEK, SKEENA DIVISION. By W. F. Best. ON A BRANCH cf the Skeena River, the Oxstall (Indian name 'Xstall, meaning "beyond"), i.e.r the river beyond the Skeena, there is a remarkable deposit of iron pyrites, which probably has- Falls at the Pyrites Mine, Oxstall, Skeena River. no counterpart in the known world. The mine is situated at Red Gulch Creek, 27 miles east of Port Essington. Ore outcropping below falls. The tide water from the Skeena reaches almost to he mouth of Red Gulch, and there is sufficient water 'HE MINING RECORD. ,16 at any time for floating large scows. The mine buildings are well built, and the property, under the management of Mr. J. W. Brydon, is being placed in excellent shape for the economical mining and shipment of ore. which forms the walls of the deposit, gold and silver exists in greatly increased quantity. It is extremely probable that as the work of development progresses, there will be discoveries of gold and silver concentration at certain points adjacent to the main ore Main outcrop of ore above falls, Pyrites mine. ■ There are five Crown granted claims in the group, covering an ore body of great size, the exploration of which has only just begun. The ore is ai granular pyrites, consisting of crystals of iron bi-sulphide, mixed with about 5 per cent, crystalline quartz. found that at certain points adjacent to the schist, body. An assay plant lately installed at the mine is beingl utilized for the systematic study of the ore in various parts of the deposit, and already some important results have been obtained. A large exposure of pyrites near tunnel, from which ore has been shipped for sulphuric acid manufacture. Chemical examination of samples from the mine shows about 50 per cent, sulphur, with gold, silver and sometimes copper. While the great bulk of the ore appears to carry I rather low values in the precious metals, it has been Stream cutting the formation. As regards the extent of the pyrites deposit on this property, it is at present quite impossible to make any definite statement. Surface showings of great size are visible, at a number of points, but thus far development work has only been done at those places 274 THE MINING RECORD. most favourably situated for the immediate production of ore for shipment. A huge mass of the ore marked (A) in one of the cuts, has not yet been touched, because it happens to be above the falls, and not so near the river as other parts of the deposit. The frontage of this mass of ore on Red Gulch Creek is about 300 feet in width, and can be traced for a long distance. The ore bodies thus far examined, on these claims are enclosed between. walls of compact blue schist. Part of the schist near the pyrites deposit is more or less impregnated with ore, carrying higher gold values than the main ore body. The Upper Falls, source of power for Pyrites mine. : From present indications it would appear that as the nature of the deposit becomes better understood, special methods will have to be devised for the mining and treatment of this ore. Unless present methods are greatly modified there is likely to be a great loss of the precious metals. Samples of the ore obtained during a recent visit to the mine show from 40 to 52.5 per cent, sulphur, 30 to 45 per cent, iron, copper from a "trace" up to 2.5 per cent, and gold and silver from $1.00 to $20.00 per ton of ore. , I A three-track gravity tramway with turn-out is about completed from the ore bins to the wharf, and the shipment of ore will begin at once. Close to the mine there is a water fall over 100 feet high, which can be utilized for generating all the power that would be requisite for electric plant. While the main portion of the ovrites is only suitable for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, pulp bleaching and the manufacture of fertilizers. Other parts of the ore will doubtless be reserved for special treatment, for the recovery of the gold, silver and copper values. It is safe to predict that at no distant day the property of the B. C. Pyrites Co. will be more widely known than it is at present. THE KLONDIKE- -A FOUR YEARS' RETROSPECT. IN a paper recently read before the Royal Colonial Institute, the author, Mr. F. C. Wade-, K.C., said that the Klondike was not altogether a new subject for the consideration of that body. It had been introduced to them on January 31, 1899, in a paper read by Miss Flora L. Shaw, who had visited the* country in the summer of 1898 in the interests of the London Times. Mr. Wade, in the same month and year, had lectured on the Klondike at the University of Toronto. Lectures dealing with the pioneer stage of a mining camp or of a country are naturally taken up with what is startling, romantic or picturesque, as of necessity there is little of development to record. At the time of Miss Shaw's visit the White Pass Railway had not been constructed over the mountains} and onward to White Horse; some little steamers had been whip-sawed out of spruce timber at Bennett and "did all they were expected to do when they proved themselves capable of floating on the river" as far as White Horse; "there was no fresh meat, nor vegetables, nor milk, nor wine. Nothing had ever been grown in the country for human food." Miss Shaw herself lived in a tent. Dawson was a collection of tents and huts. The mining methods were crude. There was little material development that would be perceptible to. a stranger, however considerable it appeared to those who had grown up with the camp from the beginning. The object of the lecturer was to dwell no longer on the romantic and pioneer stage of the country than might be necessary to contrast the conditions then prevailing with the marvellous transformations which have since occurred in all branches of its development. This he proceeded to do, illustrating the position, area, and topography of the district by maps, and the remarkable changes which have occurred in methods of travel, transport, commerce, mining, agriculture, education, and the social life of Dawson City and the mines by a series of strikingly beautiful lantern pictures. The Yukon, he said, is one of that long procession of mining camps, paralleling the Rocky Mountains, which extends through the United States, British Columbia, the Yukon and Alaska to the Arctic Ocean. In the United States the series includes the mines of New Mexico, Colorado, Idaho, and Montana; in British Columbia, the Slocan, Rossland, the Kootenay, the famous old camps of Omineca, Caribou, and Cassiar, and in the North, Atlin; in the Yukon, Cassiar Bar, the Salmon Country, the Stewart and Henderson district, the Klondike, and the Sixty-mile district; in Alaska, the auriferous deposits of Cripple River, the Nome region, the Krubzgame- pa Valley and the basins of the Solomon and Niul THE MINING RECORD. 275 luk rivers constituting the Southern belt, the placers of the Bluestone, the Agiapuk and Kugrouk in the Northern belt, the Bendelben group in the centre, and the placers of the York region, the relations of which to the others have not yet been determined. Some idea of the enormous extent of this pay streak can be gathered from the fact that the Canadian section alone is 1,650 miles in extent—equal to the entire length of Europe. The Klondike, the subject in hand, is but a fragment of the Yukon. The great Yukon river unrolls its magnificent length of 2,200 miles from the mountain passes near Skagway to the Behring Sea. The Yukon Territory is 198,300 square miles in extent, or 77,000 square miles greater in area than England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland put together, and is watered by 7,000 miles of rivers and creeks. Of this vast area of territory the Klondike occupies but 800 square miles, and the total area of creeks which are being worked for gold is estimated at fifty miles. Illustrating with maps as he went on the lecturer next called attention to the peculiar topography of tbe Klondike gold fields, the central position of the Great Dome (elevation above sea level 4,250 feet) in their midst; the gold creeks falling away from the dome on all sides like spokes from the hub" of a wheel, into the Klondike river to the North and Indian river to the South, the combined waters of all finally reaching the Yukon at elevations of 1,200 and 1,233 feet- He also gave the names and lengths of the principal creeks, and distinguished between rivers, creeks, gulches, and "pups" as understood by placer miners^ and from the point of view of the mining regulations. It was to this country that the attention of the whole world was turned when George Carmack staked Discovery claim on Bonanza Creek on August 16, 1896. It was through the narrow defiles of the White and Chilcoot passes that the terrible stampedes of 1897-8 in search of gold were directed with such fatal consequences that 3,700 horses lay dead on the White Pass trail after the autumn rush of 1897, and the whole district had the appearance of a battlefield. That it justified all the hopes that were entertained of it, the lecturer then gave figures to demonstrate. The total gold product of Canada for 40 years (from 1862 to 1902) exclusive of the Yukon had been 84.oa3.81. The Klondike alone produced $to,- 000,000 in 1898, and by the time the present clean up is completed her total output will in all likelihood equal the $84,093.81, the total product of Canada in forty years—an equal amount in one-tenth of the time. Transportation was the first subject which Mr. Wade took up and illustrated by lantern views. First he showed photographs of the Chilkoot and White Passes in 1897, with the long streams of men laboriously carrying goods over by hand; then he showed the steel bridges, solid road-bed and locomotives of the White Pass Railway of to-day. Similarly, he showed the wild rapids and the open skiffs of the miners used in making the anxious journey down them in 1898, and the present water fronts of White Horse and Dawson, with their clusters of steamers. Four years ago it was the open three-ton skiff; today there are fleets of steamers whose value he esti mated at $2,500,000. Then he showed the Dawson of 1898, a vast huddle of dishevelled tents, and the Dawson of to-day a town whose assessment in personality and realty is $12,000,000. Outside of Dawson there is an assessment of $5,000,000; add the steamers already mentioned, the railway, &c, and there was property worth $20,000,000, in addition to the $80,000,000 odd of gold output, a total of more than $100,000,000 of product and improvements— nearly all since Miss Shaw's visit four years ago! Another phase of the means of transport existing which Mr. Wade illustrated were the dog teams, which, in 1898, were the sole means of transportation. To the dog he awarded high praise as the miner's best friend, and he added some curious details as to the respect in which the dog is held in the Yukon—qualifying his remarks by the addition that the bigger the dog the more respect he got. t'o-dav there are 1,500 horses in the country, in addition to about 3,500 dogs. Even cows have made their appearance, and now number about 250. Not only had the bicycle established itself, but the automobile had made its appearance. Progress in administration formed the next topic. First, he showed the post office of 1898, the heap of letters on the ground sorted over by anxious men, then the commodious and comfortable post office of to-day. The tent of Commissioner Walsh as compared with the big office and residence of to-day, the heap of bags of gold-dust, guarded by a file of mounted policemen, which represented banking in 1898, and the Bank of Commerce building of 1902; all these were rapidly shown; the slieht foot and horse bridge of 1898 and the Ogilvie bridge of to-day; the miry track which passed for a street in 1898, and the many well-kept streets of 1902; in 1898 the miners had to make their way as best they could over the country as nature left it; to-day there are 243 miles of road, while 350 more are in contemplation. The changes in mining methods next occupied Mr. Wade. By a series of illustrations and explanations he showed how the gold-bearing creeks form almost a street of cabins. Dawson and the creeks together include a population of 27,000. He illustrated the old crude and sometimes dangerous methods of thawing the soil by fires of cordwood and showed the newer method of thawing by steam, which has so cheapened production as to enlarge the area of production. One striking fact he related in this connection'was that when this steam method came in, great scarcity prevailed of "thaw points," iron or steel tubes thrust into the frozen earth through which the steam was forced into the ground. The original miners almost all came armed, the Englishmen because of the national sporting habit of carrying a small arsenal for game destruction, the Americans partly for the same reason and partly because of the lawlessness of American mining camps. In a short time the second-hand shops were filled with rifles and when thaw points were needed they were improvised out of rifle barrels—a new method of beating swords into ploughshares. In this connection Mr. Wade observed that during the first five years of the gold fields in California, 4,200 homicides occurred; in the first five years of the Yukon gold fields, fifteen. U^tlpJ.^ ' i * 276 THE MINING RECORD. One feature of the progress of mining to which Mr. Wade drew attention was the presence of quartz in the country. He showed a photographic view of a large piece of quartz, and stated that there were two customs quartz mills in Dawson; that they were overworked, and that, instead of making a fixed charge per ton, the proprietors are confident enough in the industry to prefer to do the work for half the proceeds. After a series of views showing the success with which potatoes, cabbages, cauliflower and almost all other vegetables can be grown in the Klondike, Mr. Wade proceeded to illustrate the social advancement. He showed the first church, the only permanent part of which was the bell, the rest consisting of canvas and wood, and went on to tell of the several fine structures now erected. At Skagway, he remarked, the church people staked out a site, and to prevent it being jumped left on the ground a reasonably eminent and reformed pugilist; the emblem left on the ground to indicate the nature of the intended edifice was a plate. The Salvation Army, Mr. Wade observed, conduct an excellent work in addition to their religious services. In 1898 there was only one white child in the country, and Mr. Wade showed a view of the big school of to-day, which has nearly 200 pupils. Hospitals, theatres, barracks, court-houses, administration building, all showed the advance in the four vears, while pictures of the interiors of cabins, of church bazaars, balls, banquets, of the triumphal arches erected for the reception of the Governor-General of Canada and Lady Minto, and of wonderful floral displays, proved that the gentlest natures even will have much to enjoy and little to fear under the improved conditions prevailing in the Klondike. THE CONCENTRATION OF ORES BY MEANS OF OIL. By H. E. T. Haultain. ON LOOKING over the weekly list of United States patents published in the technical mining press, one cannot but be struck with the very large number dealing with the various problems of ore treatment. New forms of concentrators are patented at the rate of one a day, and of lixiviation and chemical processes generally there are as many more. Many, very many, of these are the inventions of inexperienced, impractical men, and bear on their faces evidence of their uselessness. Not a few of them are very palpably fakes. The extraction-of-gold-from-sea-water processes that we heard so much of a year or two ago belong to this order, and a process in some form or other guaranteed to extract the impossible is continually being exploited with the gullible public. All mining men have experienced the man with a process, and in general he is shunned and avoided as a nuisance. But of all the improbable and impossible processes the concentration of ores by nrjans of oil appears at first glance the worst. That oil, common every day oil, should have the power of selecting and carrying off valuable minerals and leaving valueless minerals severely alone, regardless of specific gravity, seems unreasonable. That heavy mineral oils, the most adhesively sticky of all the oils, should not stick to rusty quartz though violently agitated with it seems absurd, and that at the same time it should firmly adhere to smooth, shniy, slippery galena seems too absurd for further consideration. And when we are told that this is due to static electricity and that also these results are accomplished in the presence of an excess of water, the fake seems complete. So completely against it are its general appearances that although a commercially successful process for the concentration of ores by oil was invented more than three years ago, and has been in successful operation for more than two years and although these facts have been prominently before the notice of the mining public for a like period, yet until quite recently it attracted little or no attention. Before, however, discussing the use of the oil process it would be well to consider the needs of such a process. According to the text books, minerals are classified according to their colour and lustre, hardness, specific gravity, form of crystallization, chemical composition and magnetic permeability. In hand sorting difference in colour and lustre is the guide, but in mechanical separation and concentration specific gravity, magnetic permeability and difference in hardness are the only characteristics of which advantage can be taken. The two latter can be used only to a very limited extent, and practically all mechanical concentration depends on the variations in the specific gravity of minerals and by means of jigs, vanners, tables, buddies and other variously named appliances the lighter minerals are separated from the heavier. , The run-of-mine ore consists of the various minerals in all sizes down to the infinitely small compactly bound together, and before any process of concentration can be applied these minerals must be freed by crushing. In most commercial concentrating ores, most of the particles of valuable mineral are of an appreciable size, that is they are larger than grains of sand, and if the ore could be broken down to this size and no smaller then the only loss in concentration would be those small particles of valuable mineral enclosed in waste mineral. But in practice it is impossible to crush ore to a certain size without much of it beng reduced to smaller sizes. We cannot crush ore to the size of a walnut without some of it being reduced to impalpable powder, and in general practice ore cannot.be crushed to pass through a 30-mesh screen without 25 to 50 per cent, of it being fine enough to pass a 100-mesh screen. In practice we find it as a general rule that the smaller the particles dealt with in any specific gravity machine the more difficult is it to effect a clean separation, and when we come to particles passing a 100- mesh the difficulty increases rapidly till we find that with fine slimes there has been really no satisfactory commercial solution of the problem. Thus we find in a concentrating plant that the losses are two forms, viz., the small particles of valuable mineral that are locked up in larger particles THE MINING RECORD. of waste mineral and the small particles that are free, but are too small for ordinary specific gravity machines to have any saving effect on. In good milling practice these losses amount to from 15 to 25 per cent.', and sometimes even more of the total values in the ore. Besides this direct loss there is an indirect loss. It is impossible to make a sharp line of de- markation between the concentrates ana tailings, and to prevent too much recrushing and to keep the tailings low, considerable waste material goes into the concentrates, and on this there is the loss of freight and smelting charges. So it occurs that in good milling practice with what are known as good concentrating ores there is a considerable loss, directly and indirectly, due to the impossibility of saving the very fine particles of valuable mineral. But there are many ores in which the valuable mineral is softer or more friable than the accompanying waste minerals, and such ores cannot be crushed without reducing practically all the valuable mineral to so fine a state that any attempt to mill it would result in its more or less complete loss. The antimonial silver ores are particularly friable and difficult on that account to mill, and to ai large extent this is also true of copper pyrites. Any method therefore that would successfully concentrate fine slimes would not only very materially increase the saving in the milling of good concentrating ores, but would also permit of the successful milling of ores, which by the present methods cannot be commercially treated. The use of oil promises a most successful solution of the problem. In September, 1878, John Tunbridge, of Newark, N.J., was granted U. S. letters patent for a process ot separating precious metals from watery solutions by adding oil or hydrocarbon liquid. This is mentioned as being particularly applicable to jeweler's wash water. Tunbridge passed his watery solution through a layer of floating oil, and seemed to think that the presence of soapy matter and "suds'' in his watery solution was essential to success. In August, 1886, Carrie J. Everson, of Chicago, was granted U. S. Letters Patent for a process of concentrating ores by means of a compound of oil and acid. In her specifications she (if Carrie J. Everson was a man I beg his pardon) states: "The discovery which forms the basis of my invention is that metals and metallic substances in a comminated state will unite with compounds of fats or oils and acids, and that such compounds will not unite with comminated quartz or other rocky gangue." In her process she mixes her crushed ore in a dry state with her oil and acid compound, and afterward washes away the quartz or rocky gangue with water, and finally burns off her compound from the concentrates. She considered the presence of an acid as essential to her process. In 1894 Letters Patent in England, Transvaal and other countries were granted to George Robson, of Dolgelly, England, and in January, 1898, U. S. Letters Patent for a process based simply on the use of oils or fats, without admixtures of alkali or acid. His most general claim is: "The method of recov- erng metals and metallic compounds from finely di vided substances, which consists in thoroughly and mechanically agitating and mixing a fatty oil with said substances while the same are in a moist or plastic state, due to admixture of water therewith, then drawing off the fatty oil carrying the metal particles and metallic compounds from said substances, and then separating the metals and metallic compounds from the oil." His means of agitation were somewhat complex, and his method of separating the metals from the oil consisted in simply settling by gravitation. He seemed to think that the admixture of a fat and a lighter oil was essential. In July, 1900, U. S. Letters Patent were granted to Frances E. Elmore, of Leeds, England, for his apparatus, and in June, 1901, for his process. The apparatus patent covers the combination of agitating drum, water subsiding vessel and centrifugal separator, as will be described later on. In the process patent there are eight claims differing slightly in detail, the eighth being a "process for separating the metallic from the rocky constituents of ore which consists in first mixing pulverized ore with a large quantity of water to maintain the mixture in 1 freely flowing condition, then adding to this mixture of water and ore a thick oil of the character set forth, which oil will adhere to the metallic constituents, but not to the wet rocky constituents, then subsiding the water and rocky material and causing the oil carrying the metallic constituents to float off over the body of water, and finally separating said oil from said metallic constituents by centrifugal action." In December, 1901, U. S. Letters Patent were granted to Alexander S. Elmore for the process of adding an acid to the ordinary Elmore process. The processes of both Tunbridge and Everson would certainly separate sulphides from silicates, but Tunbridge's apparatus was too crude and Everson's process was too expensive, chiefly on account of the loss of the oil which was burnt off the resulting concentrates. , To Hobson belongs the credit of first showing that plain oils had this important selective action, but his pre cess failed apparently because he used a light, thin oil, and also for want of a satisfactory means of separating the oil from the concentrates. The loss of oil in Lis piocess is reported as being excessive. Elmore's process consists of a combination of devices in themselves well known and effective. The main points of difference between his process and those of previous inventors being the use of a thick oil, simple apparatus, and the final separation of tin oil from the concentrates by means of centrifugal machines. To Elmore is due the credit of simplifying the apparatus and reducing the oil loss, thus making the process commercially practicable. In his process the pulp of ore and water and a cheap petroleum residium are introduced into a drum 1 evolving' on its horizontal axis. This drum contains a belical pathway in which are baffle boards, and as the mb-ture travels this pathway it is continually agitated by means of these baffle boards. Out of the end of this drum the mixture passes to an ordinary spitzkasten or settling box, where the oil containing the concentrates floats and is drawn off at the top, and the rocky gangue and water are drawn off at the 278 THE MINING RECORD. bottom. In practice it is found advisable to subject the pulp a second and third time to this process, there being three revolving drums, one below the other. The oil drawn off from the top of the spitzkastens goes first to a centrifugal machine, where most of the oil is freed from the concentrates, and is ready for use again in the drums. The remaining oil and concentrates pass to a second centrifugal machine, where a final treatment reduces the oil present in the concentrates to something like one per cent, of the weight of the concentrates. These processes are continuous and nearly automatic. These patents of Elmore are controlled by The Ore Concentration Syndicate, Ltd., of London, England, who have lately floated a subsidiary company to take over the Canadian patents. From a pamphlet by the present company and from a paper read before the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy by Charles M. Rolker, we learn that the process has been in successful use on a commercial scale in Wales. Early in 1900 a plant capable of treating 50 tons a week was installed at the Glasdir Copper Mines in Wales, and in treating 706 tons of ore an efficiency of extraction of 86.9 per cent, was achieved. The ratio of concentration was 8.3 to 1 and the concentrates assayed 10 per cent, in copper. This plant was subsequently enlarged, and has been in successful operation for a considerable time. Previous to these experiments over 52,000 tons of similar ore from the same mine had been treated by the ordinary method of concentration with an extraction of only 14.5 per cent. The company has been continually experimenting with small lots of ore from different parts of the world and publish results showing a high extraction efficiency, with a great variety of ores. Some of these results run up as high as 97 and 98 per cent., and most of them are well over 80 per cent., but they were made on a comparatively small scale, and the results are somewhat higher than what might be expected in regular work. But the results show that certain oils will adhere to practically all wetted sulphides, arsenides and tellurides, but not to wetted silicates or oxides. Elmore has suggested that these results might be due to static electricity, but the true explanation will probably be found in capillary attraction and surface tension. In any case the results are wholly independent of specific gravity, and the process is applicable and successful with the finest slimes. In connection with the results published by the company it is noteworthy that no particulars are given as to the percentage of silica remaining in the concentrates. As a general rule the values of concentrates as reported is low, and this may or may not be due to the presence of silica. However, the important point is this, that a commercial plant working continuously succeeds in making an extraction of 80 per cent, of the values of an 01 e that with the ordinary methods of concentration 3-ielded absolutely useless results. Further than this the process has been found applicable to a great variety of ores. In regard to the ores of West Kootenay tests made by myself and others confirm the possibilities of the process. I have found the mill tailings, both from gold and from silver bearing ores, yield high grade concentrates with oil, and my experiments with Ross land ores point to the production of a higher grade concentrate than that claimed by the Elmore companies. Qualitative tests can easily be made by anybody. The simple stirring of ordinary cylinder oil with freshly crushed ore and water demonstrates the method of the process and gives truly astonishing results. It is essential that the ore be either freshly crushed or have been kept wet subsequent to crushing, as the slightest trace of oxidation minimizes the results. I have no interest, present or prospective, in the Ore Concentration Syndicate, Ltd., nor in its subsidiary company, but I have no hesitation in expressing the opinion that the concentration of ores by means of oil will permit of the commercial concentration of the low grade ores of the Rossland camp, and will very materially increase the efficiency in the milling of the Slocan ores. . A substantial increase in the prices of copper, lead and silver is very doubtful, but the oil process gives healthy promise of giving a greater net commercial value to our ores than any probable increase in the prices of metals. A GOVERNMENT DREDGE. A BY-LAW having been passed by the Victoria City Council authorising an expenditure of $150,000 in the reclamation of certain lands adjacent to the harbour and known as the James Bay flats, op- Pump and Engine. erations were commenced in August of last year under the direction of the City Engineer, Mr. Topp. A coffer dam was first constructed across the harbour, THE MINING RECORD. 279 and after the water had been removed from the area it was proposed to reclaim, a stone retaining wall, the stones for which were laid by means of a travelling derrick, erected on the coffer dam, was built from shore to shore. This wall, which is 775 feet long and 28 feet high from low tide, is faced with granite and backed with sandstone. During the past month, the work of filling in the flats behind an embankment has been under way, the material for this purpose being obtained by dredging the harbour bottom, the silt therefrom being conveyed through large pipes and utilzed in making the new ground. The harbour here is 16 feet deep at low and 28 feet at high tide, and an area of 900x1,000 feet was dredged. The hull is composite, that is to, say, built with a steel frame sheathed with wood. It is 125 feet long, 32 feet beam and 7.6 deep. The main deck is devoted to the machinery, while the upper deck contains commodious quarters for the officers and crew. A steel suction pipe extends over the bow of the dredge, capable of dredging to 40 feet depth, suspended from a strong boom 60 feet long. At the lower end of this suction pipe is a large steel rotary excavator fitted with spiral blades of peculiar shape, so as to dig or cut the material and feed it into the mouth of the suction pipe. This cutter is actuated by a double engine mounted on top of the pipe near the deck. These engines have great power and are connected to the cutter shaft by steel gearing. The cutter is The Dominion Government Hydraulic Dredger, King Edward VII. The dredge is commanded by Capt. De Beck, and her operator is Mr. Philpott. In addition she carries a crew of 17 men and a chief engineer and a second officer. The dredge was built by the Poison Iron Works, of Toronto, for the Department of Public Works, and was originally intended for the improvement of the Fraser River, but being of large capacity and capable of going from place to place under her own steam, she will be used for general dredge work on ■ the Pacific Coast of the Dominion. The machinery moves on an average rather over 1,000 yards per days of 9 hours, working continuously, but at Westminster a record rim of 7,000 yards in a working day of 9 hours was accomplished, and on another oc- ciason 15,000 yards of gravel was moved in three davs. sharp and powerful enough to cut up logs and snags, or -any substance short of solid rock or boulders. Even when these are encountered no damage occurs, because the cutter with all its working parts are of steel, immensely strong in proportion to the power which drives them, so that they can stall the engine without risk of breaking. The suction pipe can swing on the dredge, making a cut 40 feet wide, or the whole dredge can swing on a stern spud, making a cut 150 feet wide. All the motions of the boom and feeding the dredge are performed by a separate winch, having five drums, placed on the forward deck. The main pump is of the centrifugal type, 10 feet diameter, with 20-inch suction and discharge. It has a capacity of 15,000 gallons per minute, and is driven by a triple expansion engine of 600 indicated horse power. This is equivalent to 600 cubic yards of solid II 280 THE MINING RECORD. material per hour, or 6,000 cubic yards for 10 hours, oped after long experience by A. W. Robinson, con- As a cubic yard is equal to about a ton and a half, suiting engineer to the department, and has shown a Winch and Suction Pipe. this means that the dredge can dig 9,000 tons of ma- marvellous efficiency. It is capable of delivering the terial per 10 hours, from 40 feet deep and deliver it dredged material through a 20-inch pipe 4,000 feet M £ii^«frwSfisJ^&awBi$s&£ .'i "_.„L.^-oiiii: Discharge Pipe—Showing work done by the dredge at New Westminster. nearly a mile away. iong! if required. The dredge will thus have a great This pump and engine is of the latest type, devel- sphere of usefulness in filling and reclaiming land, as THE MINING RECORD. 281 well as in deepening channels. The two boilers are of the water tube type, adapted for 200 pounds pressure, and are large enough so that the dredge can work with one boiler if necessary while the other is being cleaned or repaired. The dredge is propelled by a stern wheel and engines with cyliners 16 in. diameter by 6 feet stroke, and is in fact a complete steamboat, with pilot house and steering wheel, etc. The dredge was designed by Mr. A. W. Robinson, M. Am. Soc, C. E., of Montreal, consulting engineer to the department. Mr. Robinson is a specialist in dredging machinery, having designed and built more than 124 dredges in all parts of the world, including a dozen very large ones for the Mississippi River. He is now completing two other large dredges for the Canadian Government, one of which is to work on the River St. Lawrence channel through Lake St. Peter, and which will have a 36-inch suction pipe, and the other in the Maritime Provinces. These will be of the largest capacity«and the most modern type. This is true economy, for the reason that these modern high-powered dredges are so much more efficient than the older and smaller machines, that there is no comparison in the results accomplished. Mr. Robinson has also designed a special dredge for the Arrow lakes channels,' which are troublesome to steamers at low water. This dredge is now under construction by contract with the Poison Iron Works 'of Toronto, and will be available for service after this yearis high water. Both of these dredges are under the charge of Mr. G. A. Keefer, resident engineer for British Columbia. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN YMIR DIS- 'TRICT. From our own Correspondent. DURING the past month there has been considerable activity in the mines about Ymir, which in a measure compensates for the temporary reduction of the force in the Ymir mine. A number of miners have been laid off In the Ymir and the number of stamps in operation reduced to forty. The reason for this measure is'the excess of water in the lower workings, which the present equipment of pumps is not competent to handle. Instead, however, of installing more pumps a more economical step has been decided upon. As soon as connection has been made between the drift which is now being run on the vein from the crosscut tunnel at the 1,000 foot level, and the main shaft, the mine will drain itself. The men have therefore been laid off from the lower workings until-such time as this connection has been made. Mr. Hooper, the expert, who accompanied Mr. Popkiss, the managing director, in his visit of investigation here, finished his examination of the property last week. At the Union Jack mine, operated by the Active Gold Mining Co., of Cincinnati, very satisfactory progress is being made. On the Queen vein the tunnel is in about 400 feet. At about 250 feet the vein was crosscut to the hanging wall, and across twelve feet assayed $10.85 in gold- For a distance of 45 feet m this tunnel a'rich shoot of galena ore is exposed, averaging three and a half feet wide, and running $40 per ton in all values. A lower level is now to be run a distance of 500 feet at a depth of 150 feet below the upper tunnel. For this purpose arrangements have been made for the installation of machine drills, which will be run by electric power instead of air or steam. On the Union Jack itself the tunnel which is following the cross vein is in about 275 feet and is expected to reach the main vein within a few days. In the cross vein a paystreak of steel galena has been exposed varying in width from 6 to 36 inches, and assaying as high as $60 per ton. The British Lion Development & Mining Syndicate have a force of men working on the Big Four Group on Porcupine Creek. The group is traversed by five veins, the principal of which are known as the Hercules and Big Four veins. The former is a very wide vein of sulphide ore, in which a shaft has been sunk 80 feet. This large body of ore has a general average of $6.50 per ton, and is of a good concentrating character. The company have now under consideration the erection of a concentrating plant. On the Big Four proper the showing is.a remarkable one for this section. For an area of about 150 square yards the surface consists of a calcite formation, which carries gold values to the extent of $3.20. Interspersed in this immense deposit of low grade ore are rich streaks and pockets, from which assays away up in the hundreds are obtained. A tunnel is being run in such a direction as to tap some of these richer streaks at depth, and is now in about 100 feet. The Wilcox mine on Wild Horse Creek, near the Ymir mine, will be a regular and considerable producer next winter. Some 2,000 feet of development work have been done on this property, every foot being; done to great advantage, and showing up large shoots of exceptionally high grade ore. Several shipments of ore running $70 per ton have been made, the last carload alone returning a net profit of over $50 per ton. Arrangements have now been made for the erection of a stamp mill, which is to be commenced at once, and which is expected to be in operation before the snow comes. Waggon roads and water flumes have already been built, and from the moment the stamps are ready to drop the mine is in a position to return profits. The ore on the dumps, removed in the course of necessary development work only, is conservatively estimated to be worth $30,000. LE ROI TROUBLES. From our London Correspondent. THERE is very little doing in the mining market, and prices have shown a reactionary disposition in all departments, the movement being especially noticeable in the South African and West African sections. Kaffirs are in a very disturbed state, and the market for Jungles is practically non-existent. West Australians have been a little steadier of late, but even here operators could not resist the temptation to snatch profits directly they were obtainable. British Columbians are dull and inanimate, and about the onlv shares to show any activity are the Le Roi group. Le Rois have recovered from their lowest figure owing to the more encouraging news from Rossland, and Le Roi No. 2 have also im- 282 THE MINING RECORD. proved, being assisted by a long statement published by Mr. C?H. Mackintosh a few days ago. The committee of shareholders appointed to inquire into recent matters in connection with the Le Roi issued two reports: the minority document was presented by Mr. Williamson Milne and advocated reconstruction out and out. By this means Mr. Williamson Milne believed the company might be put in funds, the debt to the bank liquidated, and a fresh start made. The remainder of the committee recommended that things should go on as they were, and needless to say. the shareholders accepted the views put forward by the majority of the committee, and almost lo a man rejected Mr. Williamson Milne's suggestions. Sometimes, however, it is as well to use drastic measures, and in many quarters it is thought "that reconstruction would have been wisest. Of course shareholders naturally do not care to take a step which would mean a pretty heavy assessment on their shares, but it is difficult to see how the company can re-enter the dividend list with this weight of indebtedness attached to it. In commenting upon the decision of the shareholders the Observer, one of our oldest Sunday papers,—and one of the last of the twopenny organs—says :— "The meeting received scornfully any idea of having to provide further funds for the establishment on a sound basis of the company's financial position, which, it has been repeatedly shown, is anything but satisfactory. Nevertheless, it was to be noted that Colonel Burton-Brown, who signed the report in which it was stated thati 'it is neither necessary nor desirable to reconstruct the company,' himself observed that money might be raised by an issue of debentures or preference shares, thereby implying that more funds may have to be provided. The high- grade ore reserves are reported to have been increased to 'probably 50,000 tons.' and the chairman spoke of 'continued good developments in the mine.' With this better news the shareholders would have none of reconstruction; although the chairman seemed to favour, one; on the contrary, the}' adopted the committee's report, and two of its members, Sir Henry Tyler and Mr. Maemillan, were nominated to the board. It would, therefore, appear that the management will have to continue picking out the eyes of the mine in order to reduce the indebtedness to the bank, an action which bids fair to leave the Le Roi— if, indeed, it has not already become—a large low- grade proposition, which may or may not be rendered a payable one by the adoption of the oil concentration, process. 'Those who live the longest see the most.' It will be very interesting to see whether Le Roi will turn the corner and achieve success without the supply of further funds by its shareholders." The Westminster Gazette (the leading Liberal evening journal published in London) in its note on "Le Roi Situation." remarks:— "The shareholders of Le Roi mine, evidently relying upon the loyalty and good-will of the Bank of Montreal, have voted dead against reconstruction. We concede the case proved somewhat difficult to decide, but remembering the heavy debt owing to the Bank of Montreal, and to the fact that the mine is clearly one of varying grades of ore, there, was much to be said for Mr. Williamson Milne's proposition. Money, it is clear, the board must obtain: it is to be wished that the company may escape from its trouble by the expedient of an issue of debenture or preference shares suggested by Colonel Burton-Brown." Of course these meetings and committees of investigation in connection with what has always been regarded as the premier British Columbia mine, are hot conducive to cheerfulness in the British Columbia market itself, nor are they likely to make the public any more kindly disposed towards the shares of mining companies operating in the Province. It is to be hoped that both Mr. Dunsmuir and Mr. Eberts, during their visit to this country, will have, many opportunities of driving home the lesson that it is neither the country nor its mines that are at fault, but those rascally promoters, whose connection with it has done so much to damage both in the eyes of Europe. You will of course have heard that the liquidators of the London & Globe lost their action against the Stock Exchange "Syndicate," whose secession Mr. Whitaker Wright alleged brought down the whole inflated edifice. In view of the evidence and other circumstances the result did not surprise anyone; but it is a nasty obstacle cleared out of the wav. Let us hope this is an end of Whitaker Wrightism, so far as British Columbia is concerned. SLOCAN CITY MINING DIVISION. A HALF-YEARLY REVIEW. By W. D. McGregor. THE weather, too little snow on the lower levels for rawhiding, followed by a very backward spring, has had a very perceptible effect on the ore production, which, however, stands at about 3,250 tons for the six months, showing a considerable increase over the same time last year, while more work and work of a better character is being prosecuted in the district. The Arlington and the Enterprise keeo on th~ even tenor of their way. both keeping up a stead}' shipment of their higher grades of ore. Development on a large sca1e is being undertaken by a London. Eng.. company, under the management of Mr. Sandiford on the Neepawa group; by a Pittsburg company on the Iron Horse group and the Ottawa group on Springer; by strong Detroit companies on the Republic group near Slocan and the Champion group on 12-Mile Creek, and by a Spokane and Eastern syndicate, under the management of Mr. Sidney Norman, on the Transfer and Black Prince groups. Besides these more or less development is being carried on in every direction! The tone of the camp is distinctly buoyant, and bar accidents, 1902 marks th° longest step taken in the dry ore belt. The demand for promising prospects and partially developed mines is very promising, largely from the American side. The Slocan Republic Co. are putting in five miles of wagon road as an outlet for their property, and a. strong Ontario company are planning to put a big sawmill plant into Slocan during the summer. CORRESPONDENCE. THE M'CROSSAN PROMOTIONS. To the Editor:—I have not seen a copy of your June issue, but notice a clipping and comment in the Monetary Times on an article credited to your journal, and in reply I beg to say that you haA^e been wholly, THE MINING RECORD. 283 and it appears from the tenor of the article, wilfully misled. I am manager of the Metropolitan Gold & Silver Mining Co., Ltd., and the Lardeau Smelting & Refining Co., Ltd., and re the former can say that the Metropolitan claim was examined and explored to some extent last season, but the transportation facilities then available did not warrant extensive work until such time as ore could be packed to a smelter at lesser cost. This we hope to have accomplished in erecting a smelter at Ferguson. I do not see any particular reason why under such circumstances it should place this company open to such a write-up as you appear to have given it. We have since then acquired the Triune, which is acknowledged to have the richest values of any mine in this region, and we are developing this mine, and taking out ore at a very good rate, considering the position of the mine and the local conditions, and I might add that so far as the work has gone since we started we have more than realized our expectation. Regarding the smelter, this company knew there were plenty of fluxes in this vicinity, but could not get jat them from under five or more feet of snow, and so ,did not operate last winter, but what they did know was that their machinery and smelter could be hauled in here at a lower figure in the winter than during this time of the year. The position we are in is simply this, we have men engaged taking out all the fluxes required, which we have found in almost unlimited quantities, and we are now repairing roads and trails, all of which delays us to some extent, but in spite of all these drawbacks, we are contemplating being ready to blow-in within the next three weeks, and as everything I say can be verified by any citizen here, it proves conclusively that your informant has been deliberately misleading you and misrepresenting the facts. I feel confident you only desire to publish what you know to be true, and I regret that in the present instance you have been led astray, and have certainly done an injustice to both these companies. In conclusion, I might add that the prospects of both companies looks exceedingly bright, and the operation of this smelter, which has not been untried by any means, will enable many mines or claims in the Lardeau now lying dormant to be operated. Trussing you will do what you can to rectify the injury you have, I feel sure, unwittingly done, I am Yours respectfully, J. N. M'CROSSAN, Local Manager. Ferguson, July 4, 1902. TRAILS AND THE TIME OF YEAR TO BUILD THEM. To the Editor:—I take this means of laying before the Government the mistake they made in building trails in the fall. Any one who has travelled over those innumerable mountain trails must have noticed this error in judgment. Prospectors as a rule wish to get into the hills as early in the spring as possible. On the average trail he finds roaring torrents unbridged, quagmires and windfalls. This is accounted for by the fact of the work beng done in the fall, just when the water is lowest and everything is practically dry, so that to all -appearances very little is required in the way of bridges and "corduroying." Then of course the winter storms bring down the trees and block the trail. Were this work done in the, spring when the water is at its highest the trail builder would see where bridges were required and would be in a position to do more satisfactory work; The blame for bad trails lies not with the man in charge of construction, but on the Government entirely. Another thing that would make matters easier for the prospector would be the sowing of grass and clover seed along the trails. The cost would be trifling and the benefit that would accrue to the Government would be inestimable. I trust that I have made myself intelligible—no "kick" is intended—merely a suggestion that the Government may profitably act upon. Yours respectfully, "GOAT RIVER." COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. THE NORTH STAR MINE. The Annual Report states: During the past year there has been driven 3,780 feet 01 drifting, cross- cutting, sinking and raising, both in rock and gravel work. In the former the contact of porphyry and the country rock has been followed, since apparently the porphyry is genetically related to the ore. The gravel work is also necessary, since the ore deposits already found have occurred near to the surface on the top of the country rock and embedded in gravel and porphyry. This year two small ore chutes have been found by following in one case the contact mentioned above, and in the other case by crosscutting in the gravel across the direction of strike and keeping on top of the country rock. No bonanza shoot of ore has been found, although there is every prospect of more being discovered. . the ore occurring in well-defined channels or-routes, when found, is more difficult to locate when lost than would be imagined, but there are certain signs which if noticed carefully from day to day enable us to follow the ore channels even when-there is no ore. Owing to the fact of the area owned by this company being so large, it is difficult to cover this quickly ; this is best realized when it is known that' only 13 per cent, of the strike distances have been developed or even prospected. I refer to the strike distances of the ore channels, which to date are three in number. In view of this, there are very great pos- sbilities ahead of this property. I think the old channels can be relied upon to yield more ore, and that others may be found. The operations at the mine were interfered with for a period of about two months by a shut-down caused by a strike of the miners. During the year 5,918 tons of ore have been shipped, the average assay value of which has been 25.4 ounces of silver, and 54.1 per cent, of lead. After careful consideration, not of the moment, but of days, and after the experience of this property during the time I have been here, first as superintendent and now as manager, I consider the future prospects of this property as not being unfavourable. J. L. PARKER. ■ l 31 284 THE MINING RECORD. WORKING ACCOUNT. Receipts. Proceeds of ore sales $164,838.72 Miscellaneous receipts 8,777.25 $173,615.97 . Expenditure. Cost of mining, development and prospecting $ 54,766.04 Freight and treatment «. 101,336.17 Ore tax 1,052.71 Maintenance 1,658.80 Depreciation on ore sacks .... 800.00 General expenses 2,054.35 Montreal office expenses .... 1,245.86 Directors' fees 2,000.00 j—-—$164,914.93 Balance transferred to profit and loss.... 8,701.04 $173,615-97 Profit and Loss. Balance at credit of profit and loss $156,796.51 Balance from working account 8,701.04 $i65,497-55 Dividends 6 to 9, inclusive $ 97,500.00 Balance 67,997.55 $i65,497-55 MINISTER OF MINES REPORT, 1901. IN reviewing the progress of mining during 1901, the report states: The mining industry has maintained that rapid growth which has characterized it since the inception of lode twining some ten years ago. It is all the more gratifying to be able to make this announcement again this year, inasmuch as reports to the contrary have been so widely circulated that the The following table gives in detail the amount and value of the different mineral products for the years 1899, 1900 and iqoi. As it has been (impossible as yet,to collect accurate statistics regarding building stone, lime, bricks, tiles, etc., these are estimated. earned increment to the mineral wealth of the world. Gold still retains the first place in this list with a total production of $63,554,543, coal and coke following with a total production of $54.157,3 H Table II. shows the gross value of the mineral output for each year, and is particularly intended to illustrate the growth Of tbe mining industry from year to year. From this it will be seen that in the last ten years the output has lincreased from $2,978530 in 1892 to $20,086,780 in I9°T,\ and this increase has been gradual and steady, the result of new properties added to the producing list each year, and the increasing development of the older properties. The increases for each year from 1896 over that preceding are shown below:— Increase over Per cent, preceding year. increase. 1896 $1,864,914 33 1897 • • • • 2,947,312 39 1898 451,593 VA 1899 1,486,270 1353 1900 3,951,620 31^ 1901 3,742.029 23 The per capita mineral production of the Province for 1901 was $134. Table III. gives in detail the amount and value of the various mineral products for the past three years. As compared with 1900 the production for 1901 shows, for— Placer gold a decrease of 27^% Lode gold increase of 26 % Silver " 25 % Copper " 175 % Dead decrease of 25}^% Coal increase of ij4% Coke I " 49 % Other materials " 22^% Table IV. shows the gross value of the mineral products for the last three years produced by the various divisions and districts, and illustrates the growth of the productive mining in the various parts of the Province. Table V. shows the yearly production of placer gold since 1858, showing a grand total to date of $63,554,543. In this is included gold obtained by placer mining, hydraulicing and dredging. Table VI. shows the production of the lode mines of the Province since 1887, which is the earliest period in which any lode mining was carried on, although it never amounted to anything appreciable until 1892. While coal mining and placer minding are undoubtedly just/ as truly mining as is "lode mining"—and the production therefrom is just as truly a part of the mineral output— still, in the popular sense, the term "mining" is confined to lode or metal mining, and for this reason this table is most interesting as indicating the growth of such "mining" in the Province. Gold, placer ... Gold, lode Silver Copper Lead. Coal Coke Other materials. Customary Measure Ounces Ounces Ounces Pounds Pounds Tons, 2,2401b. Tons, 2,240 lb. 1899 Quantity 67,245 138,315 2,939,413 7,722,591 21,862,436 1,306,324 34,251 Value 1,344,900 2,857,573 1,663,708 i,35i,4S3i 878,870 3,918,972 I7i,255 206 400 1900 Quantity $12,393,131 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 Value 1,278,724 3.453,38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,691,887 4,318,785 425,745 25L740 1901 Quantity 48,505 210,384 5,151,333 27,603,746 51,582,906 1.460,331 127,081 $16,344,751 Value 970,100 4,348,603 2,884,745 4,446,963 2,002,733 4,380,993 635,405 417,238 $20,086,780 impression that 1901 has proved a disastrous year has gained much credence, not only abroad, but even within our own borders. Statistics are the best refutation of this impression, and it is with much gratification that attention is drawn to the preceding statistical tables. These show that the value of the mineral oroduction Of this Province for the past year is greater than that of the Yukon; that we have in our mineral deposits a "Klondike" of our own, and a permanent and growing one ati that. The Yukon is credited •with an That this growth has been phenomenal is shown by the following figures:— In 1894 the product of the lode mines was valued at $781,- 342, while in 1901 it has increased to $13,683,044, or nearly 18 times as much in eight years. The product of these mines in 1901 ds valued at $13,683,044, an increase over the previous year of $3,613,287, or equal to 36%. THE MINING RECORD. 285 output of $18,000,000, while British Columbia produced $20,086,780. Table I. gives the total values of the various mineral products of the Province up to and including the year 1901, showing the amount contributed by each mineral to make rp the total of $175,241,988, the grand total of the Province's The tonnage of ore mined in 1897 was 169,362 tons; in 1898 it had increased to 215,944 tons, or about 27^% increase over the previous year. In 1899 ft was 287,343 tons, or equal to 33% increase; in 1900 it was 554 796 tons, or 93% increase; in 1901 it was 920,416 tons, or about 66% increase over the previous year. The following table shows) the number of mines in each district which shipped during the past year:— The sales of coal were as follows:— Sold for consumption in Canada 413 705 tons. export to United States 895,197 " export to other countries 18,966 '' Total sales (2,240 lbs.) 1.327,868 tons. The total sales of coke amounted to 127,533 tons, of which 80,154 tons were sold for consumption in Canada, and 47,379 tons were exported to the United States. This output has been made from the collieries on Vancouver Island and those near the Crow's Nest Pass. The detailed production of each colliery is shown in the reports of the Inspectors of Collieries. The coast collieries produced 1,261,744 tons of coal and 15,398 tons of coke. The Crow's Nest collieries pro- No. of Mines Shipping No. of mines Shipped over 100 tons in 1901 Men Employed in these Mines. Below Above Total Cassiar— Atlin 1 4 4 13 11 36 13 8 3 17 2 7 1 173 19 126 282 676 | 685 39 29 501 21 184 63 f 33 211 194 267 27 14 227 19 150 East Kootenay— Fort Steele 1 4 1 7 8 21 9 2 3 14 2 7 Other Divisions 236 West Kootenay— Ainsworth 26 J59 493 870 Trail Others 952 66 43 728 40 334 Yale— Osoyoos, Grand Forks and Kettle River Yale-Ashcroft-Kamloops Total 119 78 2,736 1,212 3,948 Of the noru-shdipping mines the statistics are very incomplete, as very few of them report to the Department, and most of them are still in the "prospect stage." Returns have been received, however, from 47 mines in the Province which did not ship in 1901, and show that these mines employed 374 men; 227 below ground and 147 above ground. Table VII. shows the product of the metalliferous mfihes o' the Province, giving in detail the tonnage mlined in each division, together with the quantities and values of each of the metals so produced. Table VIII. gives the coal and coke production of the Province for each year from 1836 to date, showing a gross product of the value of $54,157,315. Tables_IX. and X. show, graphically, the mineral production of British Columbia for 1900 and 1901, as compared with the combined product of all the other Provinces for the same minerals during these years. This shows that, of the total combined output of the various Provinces of the Dominion during 1901 (excluding the Yukon Territory), British Columbia produced— 82% Of the gold. 96% of the silver, 67% of the copper, 96% of the lead, 2% of the liron, none of the nickel, 30% of the coal, 50% of the coke, and of the total of preceding minerals about 49^%. Surely British Columbia is entitled to be called the "Mineral Province of Canada." The coal mines of the Province have, during the past year, made an output never before equalled in their history. The gross output of coal was 1,691,557 tons, of which 221,226 tons were used to make coke, so that the net output for the year was 1 460.331 tons of coal and 127,081 tons of coke. This is equivalent to an increased production over 1900 of coal i^%, and of coke 49%- duced 198.587 tons of coal and 111,683 tons of coke. The conditions prevailing in these two districts are so different that they require to be noted separately. In the coast collieries the output is limited by the market for the product, as these older collieries are better prepared to meet an increased demand. Of their product about 75% was exported, chiefly to California and mostly as coal. With the completion of the two smelters now under construction on th? coast, the1 market for coke should be materially increased next year. The Crow's Nest collieries axz as yet new, and their output is limited, mot by the market, which is unlimited, but by the undeveloped condition of the collieries and the limited transportation facilities, difficulties which are being rempved with all possible speed and next year will undoubtedly see an enormous increase in the output of these collieries. Of their product about 60% of the coal and 70% of the coke was consumed in Canada, the remainder going to the United States. It has been a constant struggle for these mines to meet the demands made on them for fuel, and every endeavour is being made to increase the output. There have been many complaints that the local demand for fuel, was- being neglected to supply the export trade. This difficulty will be obviated as the development and equipment of the colllieries is increased. The figures show where the output was sold and it is oertain that next year a far larger proportion 0C the coal produced will be exported,, as it is .evident from the demand that it is much better than any other that can be obtained -in those States immediately to the southward of British Columbia. It will be noted that while these collieries only turned out 198,587 tons of coal to»be used as such, they converted 180,- 768 tons into 111,68^ tons of coke, selling it as such, so that the actual amount of coal mined was 379.355 tons. GOLD. The statistics show that the gold production of the Province—including both placer and lode gold—for the past year 286 THE MINING RECORD. was of a value of $5,318,703, which is an increase over that of iood of $586,598, or equal to about 12% increase. This is the greatest gold production British Columbia has ever made. In 1900 the increase was I2j4% over the previous year, and the increase this year over 1900 is 11^%, showing the growing importance of the gold output of the Province. This production is derived from placer mining, including ordinary placer work, hydraulicing and dredging, and from lode mining. PLACER GOLD MINING. The placer gold output for the year 1901 was $970,100—a decrease from the previous year of $308,624. This is accounted for by the fact that the Atlim production has again suffered a serious diminution; the ordinary placers are mostly worked out, and the hydraulic companies, which should have been at work making an output have managed to get into litigation amongst themselves and with individual miners, so that the season was practically lost. It is hoped and expected that by next season the existing plants, and those now under construction, will be able to work and, df so, the output of the camp will certainly be doubled. HYDRAULICING. The Cariboo Dlistrict shows a considerably decreased production, which is due almost entirely to the small output of the largest company fin the district, the Cariboo Consolidated, which, through shortage of water, was only able to work a part of the season. This shortage of water was occasioned by the sudden melting of the snow in the spring, leaving insufficient water for the latter part of the season. The snow usually retained on the mountains is, as a rule, a sufficient reserve supply to last through the season, but last year this all melted at once causing spring freshets and a dry summer season. The smaller companies in the district did well, and with a normal snowfall and spring all should make a very good showing next season. A small output has been made from the Liard Division, but as last year was the first year of? the operations of the hydraulic companies there most of the work was preparatory and of the nature of development. On the coast certain deposits olf black sand have been worked to a profit, but have not made the output expected. DREDGING. Dredging for gold, although it continues to receive much attention and large amounts have been invested in capital, has not' as yet yielded any very material return or output. That <he gold exists in the beds of many of the rivers in considerable quantities has been conclusively proved many times, but the difficulty seems to be to save it. It might be pointed out that in every instance, as far as is knowrt, the dredges operating in British Columbia work upi stream and it is very questionable if such a practice is best suited to the conditions here prevailing or whether they should not, on the contrary, work down stream. In most of our rivers dredging is done under the following conditions viz.: a swift current, numerous boulders, fine. flaky gold to be recovered and, finally, a hard, undredgable and uneven bedrock. It is submitted that, under these conditions, a dredge working up stream can not be expected to save or take up all the goldv The agitation of the river bed by the buckets is great, and the goldwill and is bound to settle into crevices in the bedrock. A verv small crevice may hold the profits of a month, from which in a hard bedrock, it is impossible for a dredge to recover it. Any gold once raised and afterwards dropped is swept by the force of the current back of the dredge bucket and is consequently lost. On the othei^hand, in working down stream a "face" is formed, which will be more or less inclined; the gold is swept from the bedrock on to this inclined face of removable material, and would be taken up in a subsequent bucket load. LODE GOLD MINING. Placer mining is, of necessity, dependent on the weather, and is as variable 'in this Province as that commodity, but in lode gold mining, as the mines develop, the production becomes as regular as the output of a manufacturing business, and it is to lode mining that the Province is indebted for its ever-increasing gold production. In 190T the lode mines of the Province produced $4,348,603 in value of gold, an increase over the previous year of $895,222, or 26%. When it is remembered that this increase follows an increase in 1899 of about 30%, and in 1900 of 21%, a fair idea may be formed of the development and growth of the industry. This great increase is due first and chiefly to the development of the Boundary District, but the increased tonnage Of the Rossland and Nelson Districts has also had its effect. Approximately, this gold has been derived from— Direct smelting of copper-gold ores $3,474,738 Combined amalgamation and concentration 873,865 Total $4,348,603 It may be said that no absolutely "free milling" gold property is1 working in the Province; they all carry sufficient values in sulphides to necessitate the saving of such. SILVER. The total amount of silver produced in 1901 was Sj^^i ounces, valued at $2 884,745. This is an increase over the previous year of $575,545 in value. The silver production of British Columbia this past year has been affected in two ways and requires some explanation. Silver is derived from silver-lead ores and from copper ores carrying silver, with a small percentage of "dry" silver ores. In 1900 approximately 90% of the silver produced was derived from silver- lead ores, probably including most of the <fdry" ores, as they were chiefly smelted together and are impossible to separate in the statistics. This year there has been a falling off in the production of lead ores, and a consequent diminution of the silver production, which has, however, been more than offset by the greatly increased tonnage of th: copper- silver ores. As near as can be estimated, the copper-silver ores have this year produced 30*4% of the silver output. The production from "dry" ores, although proportionately small, has greatly increased, but it would be difficult, as before stated, to separate, with any degree Of accuracy, this source of production from the others. LEAD. The production of lead was this past year 51,582,906 lbs., worth $2,002,733. This shows a decrease in value of' $689,- 154, or about 25% as compared with the production of 1900, but in fairness the comparison must not stop here; it must be remembered that in 1900 there was a phenomenal increase over 1899 of 206%. The figures show, therefore, that the lead production of 1901, although showing a decrease as compared with 1900, shows an increase over 1898 of 86%, and over 1899 of 128%, and is still 25% higher than the highest production of any year prior to 1900. The cause of the decrease is not attributable to the mines themselves, but to the condition of the market for lead ores—too large a question to go into here—which has temporarily rendered it unprofitable to mine large deposits of galena very low in silver. Reference is here made particularly to the lead ores of East Kootenay. The Slocan district has not been so seriously affected by the low price obtainable for lead ores, as the ores of this section carry much higher silver values, which has enabled them to be mined and marketed at a profit. As a matter of fact, the Slocan has this year just held its own as regards tonnage of ore mined and values produced. COPPER. Each year seems to present some particular feature of interest, and this year it is the greatly increased copper production of the Province, The copper production for the year has been 27.603,746 lbs. of "fine copper," valued at $4,446,- 963, an increase df 17,606,666 lbs., and $2,831,674 oyer that of the previous year, or about 175% increase in value. It may here be noted that the recent "break" in the copper market dEd not occur until the last month dn the year, and as, dn estimating the values as above, the average price for the year is employed, the value of the product has not been seriously affected. This copper has been derived as follows:— Boundary district 14.511,787 lbs. Trail (Rossland) " 8,333,446 " Coast " 3,115,872 " Nelson " 1,539,449 " Other distracts 43192 i Total 27,603,746 I The great increase has been due to the working of the exceedingly large and notoriously low grade copper ores of THE MINING RECORD. 287 the "Boundary," which has been rendered possible by the material reduction made in the actual costs of smelting, which are authoritatively stated as having been reduced as low as $1.35 to $1.50 per ton, of ore. This low possible cost of the first smelting, now proven, has a wide effect on the future of the district and Province, as it brings within the limit of profitable ores many known deposits of great extent which it has been previously regarded as impossible to profitably treat. IRON ORE. It has to be recorded that, as yet, very little iron ore as such has been mined in the Province. There have been a few experimental shipments made and a considerable amount df development work carried on, but from the very nature of things iron ore to be. handled at all necessitates an iron blast furnace to treat it, which is, as yet, not an accomplished factl in British Columbia, and will not be until a sufficient development has been done to fully establish both the quantity and quality of ore supply to justify its erection. The statistics show that 5,746 tons of ore were shipped, which, as before stated, were used for experimental purposes, or as a flux in smelting other ores. OTHER MINERALS. PLATINUM. There has been a small quantity of platinum produced this year, about $457 worth, from the Similkameen District. This small output is occasioned by the fact that comparatively little placer gold mining has been going on in this district of late, and as the platinum is recovered with the placer gold, little has been produced. This metal has been again noted in the neighbourhood Of Dease Lake and on the Thompson River in the placer workings, but no record has been obtainable of any quantity having been saved. BUILDING MATERIALS. No reliable returns are available as to the production of the various building materials, including lime, brick, fireclay, building stone, cement and tile pipes, and the amount credited to these materials in the statistics has been estimated—the estimate erring on the conservative side. Lime and brick are produced locally in almost every district for home consumption, while on the coast an excellent -lime, which has considerable sale abroad, is made from a marble. On the coast, too, a cement of very good quality ;s made and supplies much of the local market. On Kootenay Lake a coarsely crystalline marble quarry is being worked for building purposes. There are on the coast several first-class granite and sandstone quirries opened and doing a local trade. These quarries are so admirably situated as regards water transoortation that there is a fair prospect of their becoming an important export industry. Fire-brick drain pipes and tila are manufactured on Vancouver Island ror home consumption. MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. ROSSLAND. ORE shipments from the Rossland District for the seven months ending Julv 31 aggregate approximately 190,- 000 tons. Returns to July 19th were as follows: Le Roi 129,336 Le Roi No. 2 37,107 Centre Star 4,310 War Eagle 420 Rossland G. W 2,400 Giant 750 Cascade 300 Columbia-Kootenay 30 Bonanza 90 Velvet 250 Spitzee 20 Total 179,376 BOUNDARY DISTRICT. The following table summarises ore production from this district for the seven months ending July 26th: Phoenix— Granby Mines 190,364 Snowshoe 2,942 Deadwood — Mother Lode. .. Sunset Summit— B. C. Mine .... Emma Wellington— Winnipeg Golden Crown . Central— No. 7 Mine Long Lake— Jewel ),0 )2 1.520 !,7i8 385 785 625 1,912 Total tons Granby Smelter treatment, tons •275465 ■ T7Z,7i9 SLOCAN. Ore shipments from January 1st to July 29th have, according to a table prepared by the New Denver Ledge, been divided as follows: ' Payne T°ns- Ivanhoe 7777' 7 63° Sunset (Jackson Bash) 77.' I?5 Reco '..77 ! American Boy 7777.77 Arlington Hewett - Bosun '■ Last Chance 7777 7 Wonderful Enterprise Lavina Bismarck Queen Bess . 7 77 7 7 Silver Glance 7.7 Whitewater Ottawa 7.7' 7 7777' Slocan Boy Neepawa Hartney Marion May 322 556 ,290 700 670 150 151 860 85 22 160 37 493 8 44 81 25 80 Paystreal-' Surprise 77 7 7 Monitor (for June) Slocan Star Duplex: Emily Edith Wakefield ' | Prescott Rambler Molly Gibson (since last report) Washington Folliott C. O. D 777;;: London Hill Ruth 645 S28 7 20 40 4 -384 500 30 2 2 15 166 TotaI tons ^,084 The Slocan Drill publishes the following returns of tonnage output from the Slocan City Division to July 26th: Tons. Arlington 2,360 Enterprise i'o6o Ottawa 7 Neepawa 81 May 5 Paystreak 5 Duplex 7 Fourth of July n 3 536 YUKON. The following statement represents the business done in the Gold Commissioner's office during the month of June: Miners' licenses issued. 630; claims renewed, 314; original locations, of which several were discoveries, 190: transfers, 1,316, which is the banner month's work of the office: water grants, 7; original quartz locations, 92; renewals, 69; quartz claims renewed on cash payment ($ipo), 11; quartz transfers, 80. 288 THE MINING RECORD. CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES PELTON WATER WHEELS IN CALIFORNIA. THE Pelton Water Wheel Company has just closed with the Bellevue Mining Co., Of La Porte, Cal., for a power plant and pipe line. The water wheels will generate 200 h.p.. to drive an air compressor, generator and blower for ventilating the mine. AmOng some'of the most recent orders under completion at the Pelton Company's works, might be mentioned: Salvador M'ning Co., rRix Compressed Air & Drill Co., Pacific Portland Cement Co., Ledge Mining & Milling Co., Cum- era Mining & Milling Co., Mitchell Mine, Lahaina Plantation Co.. Clark Electric Co.. Ouray Electric Power & Light Co., Bishop Light & Power Co. The above orders call for water wheels to operate all classes of mining, plantation and electrical machinery, and illustrate the wide range of application of Pelton apparatus. ALLIS-CBiALMERS STAMP MILLS. The Bear Gulch Mining Company, of Jardine, Mont., have placed an order with the Salt Lake Branch Office of the Allis-Chalmers Co.. for a 40-stamp mill, complete with bin gates, feeders, high mortars, forged steel shoes and dies cast steel cams, tappets and stamp heads copper plates and pulleys, pillow blocks shafting, etc. Also for No. 5 style "D" Gftes crusher, with manganese heads and concaves. The Salt Lake Branch of the Allds-Chalmers Co. have received amongst other orders, two orders each for 40 steel shoes and 40 forged steel dies, one for the Gold King Syndicate and one for the Bear Gulch Mining Co., of Jardine Montana. THE ROASTING, SMELTING AND REFINING OF ORES. Catalogue No. 3, the sixth edition of which has been published bv the Allis-Chalmers Co., is devoted, as the introductory chapter remarks, "to illustrated descriptions of the machinery which modern practice has found best suited for the purpose of extracting gold, silver, lead and copper from ores by ingenious processes." Like all this compary's catalogues, the present work is most comprehensive, and contains a vast deal df information of value to the metallurgist. COAL STATISTICS AND TRADE. CALIFORNIA market conditions remain practically unchanged. The present price of coal has reached so low a point that there is little likelihood of any further decline. The competition between oil and coal interests as, however, very keen, and in both markets prices have been cut until profits have practically disappeared. The importations of coal into San Francisco during the first six months of 1902 show a falling off of at least 125 000 tons in comparison with the 1901 returns for a like period. British Columb'a meanwhile continues to be the heaviest contributor to this market. THE LOCAL SHARE MARKET. THE local share markets this month have been practically featureless, speculation in the East having almost entirely ceased. There has, however, been some considerable dealing locally in Mount Sicker (V.I.) stocks, while Fairview and Dominion Consolidated shares have also been in demand at higher prices. The completion of the branch line of the Great Northern Railway into the Republic camp in Washington has had the effect of creating a better market for the shares of companies operating dn that locality, and as several of the Republic mines are now in a position to commence regular shipments, a general advance in prices may be ere long expected. Among Rossland stocks, Centre Star is steady at from 38 to 40; War Eagle is unchanged at 13; Giant has sold at 3ZA; Iron Mask at 7 to 9; while White Bear has been fairly active at from 2j^ to 3. There has been no movement in Boundary securities, Granby being quoted at $3 Montreal & Boston at $3. Winnipeg at 5 and Morrison at 3J^. Slocan shares are dull, Payne having fallen to 16, Rambler-Cariboo at 7Q@8o: Dardanelles at 2/^@3 and Wonderful at 2@3, have, however, been freelv dealt in. Cariboo-McKinney has again declined to 17 asked, 14 hid, and North Star is also very weak. GRADUATES OF A SAN FRANCISCO SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING. THE A. Van der Naillen School of Engineering recently held its 38th annual examination in practical, civil, mining, electrical and mechanical engineering and surveying, architecture, drawing, assaying, cyaniding and metallurgy. The following successfully passed and were granted diplomas: Assayers—H. A. Kuns, Ingomar; D. Woodrun, San Francisco; H. B. Shaw, Sonoma; C. S. Bryant, Diamond; H. C. Guentische, San Francisco; W. T. James, San Francisco; C. L Bosson, San Francisco; F. G. Blackhart, Angels; J. K. Wilson, Placervdlle; F. S. Beckett, Grizzly Flat; G. Messner, Callahans Flat; W. W. Thurston, Grass Valley; T. J. Douglass, Berkeley; J. Sklower, Berkeley; R. Mawbray, Salinon- City, Idaho; C. W. Soule, Salmon City, Idaho; D. J. Mahoney, Glendale, Or.; L. L. Mann, Eleele, H.I.; G. R. Hug- gins, Murfreesboro, Tenn.; E. Williams, Nome, Alaska; G. Colin, Victor, Colo. Surveyors—G. Gibson, San Jose; M. J. Blake, Matthews; G. W. Grove, Wheatvdlle; G. J. Grinnell, San Francisco; G. V. Nichols, Berkeley; A. E. Duffey, Ben Lomond; R J. Barr, San Rafael; C. Goerl, San Rafael; F. Juhl, Kings City; U. Coffman, Cedarville; R. C MacLachlan, Laton; A. Watson, Dawson. N.W.T.; A. Dumas, Nome, Alaska; W. H. Warnecke, San Francisco. .Mining Department—G. A. Ray, Gualala; S. M. Water- lran, Cinnabar; F. A. Horrvil, Stone Canyon; J. L. Hutchinson. Sumpter, Or.; H. Newman, San Francisco; M. C. Kerr, Johnsville; F. M. Lyle, San Francisco; D. W. Lyon, Grass Valley, W. H. James, Iowa Hill; J. A. Shields, Michigan Bluff; Charles E. Sloan, Memphis, Tenn.; B. G. B. McDowell, Nankin Ohio; J. H. McDowell Nankin, Ohio; W. O. Maxwell, Marshfield, Or.; E. F. Beck, Dayton, Nevada; O. W. Alderton, Ehrenberg, Ariz.; F. W. Saunders, Coos Bay. Draughtsmen—R. Keeler. San Francisco; G. Fee, San Francisco; R. W. Cudworth, San Francisco; W. K. Blackburn, San Francisco; S. L. Casella, Alma; J. F. McLaughlin, Port Blakeley, Wash. Electrical Department—W. R. Dunbar, Murphys; H. E. Shuck, Sacramento; T. J. Zenmdner, Areata; P. L. Gedney, San Diego; D. McDougall, San Francisco; W. T. Rutledge, San Bernardino; R. Dewart, Gilroy; E. L. Faust, Bakers- field; A. W. Hunt, Redlands; V. Urban, San Jose; H. G. Schemel, Gilroy; A. Mauser, Napa; J. W. Dooley, Sacramento: F. A. Dooley, Sacramento; A. H. Kennedy, Arabella; C. W Cooper, Campbell; T. C. Thayer, Biggs; H. B. Patterson, Arniona; R. Urquhart, Napa;-C. T. McKenzie, Napaj'H. A. Smith, Santa Barbara; J. T. Worthington. Wadddngton; F.' W. Mielenz, Napa; F. Bond, Cloverdale; F. R. George, Los Angeles; E. Kreft, San Francisco; R. L. Cathy, Ferndale; E. R. Foster, Dixon; E. Schlessinger, San Francisco; L. A. Hedger, San Francisco; J. Minor, Areata; J. P. Gericke, Tomales; H. F. Fahs, San Francisco; E. P. Mann, San Jose; O. G. Wilkes, Hillsboro, Or.; L. E. Wilkes, Hillsboro, Or.; E. Mayer, Butte, Mont; L. T Russell. Portland, Or.; S. C. Mills, Salt Lake, Utah; E. M. Hengell, Andover, S. D.; H. Piggott, Ontario, Canada; John Fletcher, Manila, Philippine Islands; D. C. Rudolph, Lompoc. COPPER PRODUCTION. In their annual statistics of the world's production ot copper, Henry R. Merton & Co., Limited, of London, show that there has been an increase in the output abroad while in the United States there is a slight decrease. Canada, Australia and Chili are the countries mentioned which have increased their supplies. TTHE METAL MARKET. HE silver market has been dull and featureless, although prices are slightly higher than during June. The Indian Government is now well supplied with silver, and buying of the metal on Government account his fallen off, Exports of silver bullion from San Francisco to the Or'ent for the six months ending June 30th are valued at $2.7T3,352,—a large increase over the corresoonding period' THE MINING RECORD. between 52%@53$4- The copper market is inactive, partly as a result of the coal-strikes in the United States. It is therefore expected that, as manufacturers are not well supp.iel, large buying will take place when the industrial equilibrium in the coal mining districts is again restored. Prices remain practically unchanged, with Lake copper at H^@i2; electrolytic in cakes, wire bars and ingots at uj4n?6; in cathodes at iij^@iif£, and casting copper n&. The lead market shows little improvement, 3-97J^©4.05, St. Louis; 4.05@4.io, New York, ln London. Spanish lead is quoted at in" 5o.@fil 6s. 3d., English lead being five shillings high. Spelter has been very active and prices have advanced. There is apparently a shortage in the supply and consumption is exceptionally heavy, while no stocks have been accumulated. The latest quotations are:—5-05@5.^5, St. Louis; 5J4@5^, New York. COMPANY NOTES AND CASLES. The Ymir Gold Mines.—During June 50 stamps ran 675 hours (28 days 3 hours)—estimated profit on operating $6,850 (£1,412)—above was arrived at after development $3,730, repairs, etc.. $1,390 written off. Velvet, Rossland.—Cable received from manager on the 30th June, states: "First diamond drill hole—the total length is no ft; intersected ore at 92 ft. for a length of 12 ft. Apparently southwest vein 80 ft. below. 500 ft. level—Core looks encouraging." Enterprise (British Columbia.)—Cablegram from the company's representative at Nelson, British Columbia: "Profit for May, $1,250." Whitewater —Cable from the company's representative at Nelson, British Columbia: "During May 3684 tons were milled, producing 196 tons Of concentrates; approximate loss, on month's working, $860." Slough Creek.—Cablegram from the mine manager: Horizontal drill in the gravel 5 ft. in front of—1 ft under the—cap; is in good order throughout." An office note says: "It may therefore be .anticipated that the face of the crosscut (to which this cable evidently refers) will be in the gravel a few feet further on, thus saving a great deal of further exploration work." Yuuon Goldfields.—Cablegram from the manager at j Dawson City, Yukon: "Clean-up for the month of June,- $2,800. There is every prospect of improvement this month. N. A. D. Armstrong." Monitor, Three Forks.—The following report has been I issued by the Monitor and Ajax Fraction, Limdted: APRIL. Ore shipped— Tons. Est. net val. I Crude 41 $2850 Carbonates 43 1453 Ore on hand— [Crude 102 7140 [Carbonates 6 .' 250 [Screenings 80 1600 Or; mined— Crude 52 2640 •Carbonates 6 2S0' [Cost of mining per ton $10- T3 [Development 166 feet. - Cost of development per foot $6'75 MAY. Ore sh pped— Tojjs Est- ne*- va • [Crude 9 ..' $800 Carbonates n 550 screenings 20 400 I Ore on hand— Crude 135 9000 pcrerenings 20 400 [ Ore mined— .a. pude 30 21°9 Cost Of mining per ton ?3-°5 ■Jevelopment. 263 feet. j-ost of development per foot $710 A large body of ore was discovered about 780 ft. from the Portal tunnel in the month of April, where three feet of I °lid galena was encountered. Under date the 5th May the mine manager reports that No. 5 crosscut tunnel has struck the ledge at 408 feet from the Portal and 217 below No. 4 level; 6 in. ore ha: encountered in the ledge and drifting north and south on ore body thus exposed will shortly be resumed—this Ss a most important strike, and indicates that the ore chutes are continuous between the two levels. Shipments for the month of May have been small owing to seepage in the leading stopes. The works are now drying and the manager estimates that he will ship 160 tons of the approximate value of'£2^00 during the present month. Report of Le Roi Mining Co., Ltd., for May, 1902: "Output, contents and gross -sallies of first class ore:— '3047,277 dry tons containing:— Au., 7,217 ozs. at $20 $144,338 Ag., 11,108 ozs. at 52c 5,776 Cu., 464,330 lbs. at 121.8c 56,300 Total gross value $206,414 Equal to a gross value per ton of $15.82. Mine Expenditure.—The expenditure for the month on mine account was $51,783. The cost of breaking and delivering ore on the railroad cars for the month was $2.62, and the cost, including all mine expenditures, was $3.94 per ton. Northport Smelter.—The expenditure for the month was $159,048. The following statement gives the details of the ore received at the smelter during the month, and the contents:— Dry Tons. Ozs. Au. Ozs. Ag. Lbs.Cu.wet. Public Ores— Le Roi No. 2 6,324 3,281 6,795 259,754 Rossland G.W.M.. Ld 313 * 221 j 743 • 15,945 Le Roi Ores— 1st class 13,047 7.217 11,108 464,330 2nd c'ass dump ..'... 172 43 69 2,625 19,856 10.762 18,315 '742,654 The tonnage treated during the month was as follows:— Tons. Tons. Roasted ores 26,724 Raw ores 4,683 Le Roi No. 2 Ltd 4,588 Rossla id Great Western- 95 31,407 "Profit for the month:— The gross value of ore shipped from the mine iwas. .$207,130 Equal to a value per ton of $15-86 From this deduct difference between gross value and refiners' settlement rates and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days and copper 60 days 2.37 Net value per ton $i3-49> Value of 13 047 dry tons $176,007 Cost of min.ing $3-94 Cost of freight 50 Int.rest 06 $4.50 per ton, equal to 58,713, Cost of smelting 3.83 ■*<? Interest 03 3.86 per ton, equal to 50.362 Total cost $109075 Net estimated profit $66,932 June R:turns—The manager cabled: "Shipped from mine to smelter during the past month 11.479 tons of ore, containing 6,800 ozs. gold, 11.100 ozs. silver, 501,100 lbs. of copper. Estimated profit on this ore $66,000. Shipped from mine to smelter during the past month second class ore dump 3 200 tons, containing 1,591 ozs. of gold, 1,696 ozs. df stiver. 73,- -.^o lbs. copper. Estimated profit on this ore $21,000. Have had second class ore dump surveyed. It contains 3 000 tons 290 THE MINING RECORD. ■'I& LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF JULY. Prepared by A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. O. Week Endin July g Saturday, 5- Week Endin July g Saturday, 12. Week Ending Saturday July 19. Week Ending Saturday July 26 Companies. Highest. Lowest. Highest. Lowest Highest Lowest. Highest. Lowest. CD CO < •6 3 ■0 <U t/i | 1 B M 1 ■a S •6 cu tn < S ■d s» cn ■d S ■0 OJ M Cfi << •6 m ■6 V (0 s CU M cn «! •d i Cariboo McKin'y,. Cariboo .Hydra'lic $0 17 I 05 4° 125 00 3'A $ 14M 90 39 115 00 3*t $ 0 16 I °5 39 125 00 14 90 38 112 50 *A $ 18% 1 10 40 127 50 $ 16 90 39^4 112 50 2^ $ 15 I 05 125 00 $ 12 90 38^ 112 50 2^ 1 1 $ 16% ? 14^ 1 I 05 1 90 41 39 125 00 112 50 3^ *A $ H 1 00 125 00 n $ .12 90 38 112 50 2K $ 17 I 05 40 125 00 n $ 14^ 39 117 50 2« $ 16 1 05 40 125 00 3# $ 14 38 U7 50 n 5 Ciow's Nest P. c. ... Fairview Corp n.. 6'A 10 si 8% 9V2 H 7 7% 10 7 7H 8& 11 4% 73A 9 7 5^ 1 6 5 1 6^ 6 H || North Star 23 22 82 20 20M 79 19 21 81 15 19 7»M 21 21 86 18 18 79 19 [5 15 78 20 19% 81 18 79K 19 17^ 80 15 78>i 19!^ 18 81% 16 79 18 17 79% 15 15 78 8 ■m 4a 7 13 1 3 8 m 5 7 12 1 3 8 5% 7 m 3 7J4 14 n 5 6% 13 1 3 8 Pi m 5 6% 11 • 1 7 14 H 3 i3 1 7% 5 13 1 2 7 14 H 5 6 13 1 2 2 75 "Waterloo Winnipeg 2 7o 3 °5 2 65 3 05 1 2 75 3 05 i 2 70 3 05 2 75 3 05 | 3 °5 2 75 3 00 The Robertson-Godson ©o'y, Ltd Vancouver, B. Q. Wholesale Jobbers of SHEET METALS, Galvanized, Flat and Oorrigated Iron, Canada Plates, Tin and Tern Plates, Etc, IRON PIPE one-eighth inch to eight inch, Valves, Fittings and Brass Goods ; Estimates furnished for Oast-Iron Water Pipes] Water Works Supplies. PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES—A complete stock on hand; we are headquarters for British Columbia BOILED AND RAW LINSEED OIL. WHITE LEAD—Robertson's Chemically Pure is Standard for Canada. We are manufacturers of and carry in stock White Lead, Lead Pipe, Brass Goods, Shot, Marble for Plumbers' use, Lacquer for Can WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. THE ROBERTSON-GODSON CO., Ltd, 32 Hasting St., Vancouver. that will net $20,000 and 84000 that will net $126,000. Estimated deficiency Bank of Montreal 30th June, $50,000. There is no improvement in 1,050 level. On 1,200 level drift is now in 70 itt. going west, same distance east, .no- value. Top floor 700 level averaging $30.00. High grade ore reserves probably 50000 tons." Le Roi, No. 2.—Report of Le Roi No, 2. Ltd., for month ended 31st May: Output—The total tonnage of ore hoisted from the mine amounted to 7259 dry tons, of which 6466 tons were shipped to the smelter, and the remaining 793 tons placed on the second-class dumps at the mine. Gross value in the 6,466 tons shipped— 3,690,485 ozs. gold at $20.00 ...=$73,810 or $11.41 per ton. 7338,520 ozs. silver at .51 ...= 3.743 or .57 " 269 262 lbs. copper at .12^. ..= 32,984 or 5.10 " Making the total gross value.$110,537 Or the average value per ton $17.08 Note by Mr. Macdonald:—In the superintendent's report, no mention is made of the second-class ore that is sorted out from the shipping ore. He has assumed that you are now familiar with the fact that an average of about 20 per cent, of the or4 hoisted out of the mine is sorted and goes M the second-class ore dump. The average grade of the o.c ^rted out varies from $10 to $12 per ton. Thus it will be seen that,! in addition to the assets of the mine a- reported by him, there was an addition of 20 per cent, of tiie 646^ ton--, cr 1 293 ton^. wfr'ch would have a gross value, at, say, $10 per ton, of $12,933. The second-class ore hoisted directly fiom the mine and dT.vered to the second-class dump is entirely different from this product, it coming directly from the FOR SALE, A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also : Harbour Concentrator 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine The above machinery was not long in use and is in good ej and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Applyj B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer, 645, VICTORIA, B. CI JEFFREY ELEVATINGMACHINERY FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, POWER PLANTS.' Designed for Handling Material of all kinds.' '-. &&S&3& SEND FOR CATALOGUE. i'\i^*£?*' THE JEfFREY MFG.CO. Columbulft work cVf opening sill doors., and otherwise prospecting vein. It is pleasant to me to be able to record the fact the mine never looked better for continued profitablr 0 aliens than it does at the present time. THE MINING KECORD. CITY OF VICTORIA. Metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the :ouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British jmbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the' ed States, and of the Canadian Northern. The Cana- gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands, starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cas- gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line b|een San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail Uji Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. tLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, tem- nljle and bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. Mcers the year round. ■SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine vj5. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid pub- lifdifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parlia- n Buildings', architecturally perfect. Superb private nuences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Elec- tif railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to Visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, Jive miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and Lodging Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre df the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast, and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of ioo miles from the city. Great.lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation. Milnquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention PATENTS, Des Igns, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, mistered Patent Attorney, Me'chaniial Engineer and Draughtsman, nte for full informationand referent es. Satisfaction guaranteed. >f British North America VANCOUVcR Bi C, MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. = Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities. twining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical and Metal- urw l Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list of gradu- ite^d theiroccupations,address F. W.McNair, President, Houghton, Mich. FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in tbe best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., SLOCAN, B. C. jLobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. -"Dredgers *figg«;««. ig* tOBWTZ & c0' Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. ANCHOR WIRE FENCE Patented 7 Sept., 1894-No- 46991 —IS— Strongest Cheapest To'be had only from BEST IN THE MARKET. THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C. CANADIAN MINING INSTITUTE] I Nelson Meeting. ] A Public Meeting of Mining Engineers, Mine and Smelter Managers, and all who may be interested in promoting the welfare of the profession and industries of mining and metallurgy within the Province of British Columbia, will be held in the City of Nelson, B. C, on the evenings of Wednesday and Thursday, September, 10 and 111 Next AT 8 O'CLOCK, A highly interesting programme of papers of interest to the mining profession of the province will be offered for discussion. A branch of the Institute, to be known as i The British Columbia Branch of the Canadian Mining Institute," will be organized. All mining men will be cordially welcomed to these < meetings. SINGLE FARE ©N RRILWHY. By special arrangement with the Canadian Pacific Railway mining men, desirous of attending these meetings, will be carried to .and from Nelson for a single fare. In order j to obtain this concession they must obtain from their ticket agent the usual form of standard convention certifi-j cate. By buying a single ticket and having this certificate signed b\' the Secretary of the Institute, they will be I returned free of charge. Charles Eergie, M. E., President. R. R. Hedi/ey, Chairman. B. T. A. Bew,, Gen. Secretary. HATFIELD & JACK'S PATENT GYRATORY I CRUSHERS, I STONE BREAKERS and ORE CRUSHERS, Fitted with HADFIELD'S Patent flanganese Steel Plates, Cones and Shells. HADFIELD'S STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY, LTD., SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND. REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: Francis T. Peacock, M.E., Canada Life Building, MONTREAL r THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA THE MINERAL PROVINCE ©F eHNHDH. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Cool, Coke, Oil Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines of British Columbia have produced over I $180,000,000. Amount and Vai,ue of Minerai, Products for 1899, 1900 and 1901. Customary Measure 1899. 1900. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Gold, placer Ounces 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7.722.591 21,862,436 1,306,324 34,251 $1,344,9°° 2,857,573 1,663,708 1,351,453 878,870 3,918,962 171,255 206,400 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 $1,278,724 3,453,38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,661,887 4,318,785 425,745 251,74° 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 3°,736.798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 ... $ 892,500 2.704,200 Gold, lode Silver (i 2,614,002 Copper Pounds 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587,63'5 673,800 309,030 Lead Tons, 2,240 lbs.... it it Coal Other materials... I $12,393,121 $16,344 751 $ 20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; ior 1899, $12,393,131; for 1900 $16,344,751; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral, industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to he important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have 'enlered tire working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground $rell worth the prospecting for this, the only class of "poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts of money are being installed in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1900. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving- deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prospected in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir. Cariboo-McKinnev and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORES are being extensively worked ait Rossland by the Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp, alone in 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the province in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent, while the lead production increased 206 per cent, largely derived from properties in East Kootenay. rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost un- mited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from, the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, aond the discoveries made on the Coast, in the Similkameen valley, etc., give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of an iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific Coast in the near future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. COAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19,234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1.500 to 2,000 tons of coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal and 51 757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood ■ and Van Anda ; while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kotenay and two others on the coast. Refineries are yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper business care is used, and the experience of competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LANDS.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information), reports, bulletins, etc., address • The Hon. the Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C. W. F. Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B.C. THE MINING RECORD _. "^g^^^^^^P Copper Con Machinery We make a specialty of Copper Converting Machinery and are prepared to furnish: Copper Converters Bisbee Type - Parrot Type Stalmann Type Hydraulic Machinery Accumulator System Pressure Tank System Hydraulic Transfer Cars Hydraulic Mold Carriages Refining Machinery Blowing Engines \ Boiler Plants, Etc., Etc. Some of our recent orders : Calumet & Arizona Mining Co. Moctezuma Copper Co. Arizona Copper Co. Granby Cons. Min. & Smelt. Co. Northwestern Smelt. & Ref. Co. Geo. Westinghouse Copperfield Mines Bingham Cons. Min. & Sm. Co. ^!fi^B The illustration shows our Standard "Trough" or Bisbee Converter. The shell, tieads and nose are made of heavy steel plate; the riding-ring of east steel; the gear wheel is a full circle faced and bolted to a faced circular casting riveted to the head. The rack is hinged at the bottom and held in place by a' cam. The wind-box is furnished with Dyblie valves. BRANCH OmCESL&ii ipVYORK. Broad ExchangeBldij. PITTSBURG. 1212 Frick Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 (brnCxchangrBldg. DENVER, l649TromontSl. ;QBNE>Bfarlla QJgkEICE : : ^BRANCHOFFICES: SALTUMpin; Dooly.Block. SPOKM^^ First Ave ^TKANCISO), 623HaywinlBWi). LONDON, ENG. 160 DoshwoodHouse THE MINING RECORD ALUS CHALMERSH SUCCESSOR TO THE EDWARD P. ALUS CO. FRASER » CHALMERS, GATES IRON WORKS, r plfcKSQfiSWS^CO WtMmm Chica^ siSS Chicago,™. :mmmmm$&i^msc BUILDERS OF HIGH GRADE MINING MACHINERY The Lamb AvitomeLtic TeJlings Sampler EVERY UP-TO-DATE MILL SHOULD HAVE THIS SAMPLER. Do you keep a. check on what your mill is doing? How high is the percentage of saving or extraction of values? How much is carried off in the tailings? If you a.re not wa-tching these points you should do so. The simplest and best method is by the use of the Lamb Sampler. Very simple, atUtomaLtic and perfectly accurate, absolutely Reliable, requires no attention and can be put under lock and key to prevent any interference with the samples. WRITE FOR FULL DESCRIPTION The Lamb Automatic Tailings Sampler J BRANCH OF||g§|| NEW l^K^BJqadEMfca^^ BENVERi^^^^^^p salt mt^^m^im^ GENERAL OFFICE: Ste#"HOME INSURANCE BUILDflgrafl! j BRANCHOFFiC^i;- M|B4NCIS&r^Mdi^^:St. LONDON. EN0:7-160 Dashwiwafcsa (, IS THE MINING RECORD. | HOLMAN BROS. CAMBORNE, y§ H CORNWALL Manufacturers of Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery J| he Holman t Specially Adapted to B. 0: Mining. Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition Drill Awarded Gold Medal Drills and Duplicate Parts, Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc. IN STOCK AT Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. London, 1899 Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnisheJ on application. Paris, 1900 High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. BENNETT FUSE CROWN BRAND c=hsss» THE KING OF FUSES The WHITE COUNTERED GTJTTA PERCHA FUSE is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal, and the World over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. THE MINING RECORD VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL COAL! The New Vane ining an< (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY. Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Nanaimo Coal. [Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. Soutfifi Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal. (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by ^ny other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is nsed by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890,. has already become a favorite uel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qual- ties make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised rom the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Promotion Island and Nanaimo/ The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay 'Dd Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Specia despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAHUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C. GWILLIM, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), six years' experience in B. C. mining districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P.O. Box 43. JOHN REDMAN, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j.m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. McGregor & co., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS ci rtr> A M D /"^ and LAND SURVEYORS. OLVJOMIN, 0.\~r' Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. W. A, BAUER, D.L.S., P L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P,L,S. Greenwood, B.C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors. Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND CAMBORNE. " h & Y IVI I R D I S I R I C I nSizeTSraffordin|*"fhe best mining investments to be found in B.C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments . Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. A. W. MORE & CO., Ltd. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's. Moreing & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. 23 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B. Sc. (McGill). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, ofMech. Eng, of England, 17 _ _ Amen Inst, of Elec. Eng. VatlCOUVer, B.C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. B. H. HURST, STOCK SHARE BROKER. Cables : " Hurst." All Codes. Bankers : Canadian Bank of Commerce Victoria, B. C. J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. H. COLLINSON, Provincial Licensed Assayer. ,I«ate Assayer Van Anda Smelter. Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, Etc. THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Langley Street, VICTORIA, B.C. Next to Law Courts John Hunner. HUNNER &, HARRIS, John Harris. | MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS. Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We have for sale AI properties for capitalists or small investors in B. C or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts we know what we are talking about. Let us know your requirements. American and English references. Codes, " Bedford McNeill," "Cloughs." Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis. Prompt attention to samples by mail or express. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and- Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M.E. and C.E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. Oen- eral Engineering work -promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. Manager Con. Cariboo IIyd Mining Co., Ltd. 28 years' experience tn the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, 'Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, office: jkfcg-g^ Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON, YUKON, CANADA. Cable Adcress : " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H.GORE. J. H. McGregor. Gore & M Gregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regularly Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. M.I. M. M.,M. I. M. E.. M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell=Johnston Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. RELIABLE ASSAYS Gold. Lead. .$ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 .50 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 ' Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO., 1429 16th St., DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, KAMLOOPS, B.C. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made on Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. E. M. SANDILANDS Notary Public, Mines, Stocks & Insurance Repiesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phoenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Association. Slocan Mines. Crown Grants Obtained. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address : " Silverlands." SANDON B. C. Richard li. Parkinson Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Waterworks, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1890. MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS. Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wn. M. BREWER, HININQ ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. Molsons Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B.C. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, MINING BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C JP^-SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL-^KE WINDCRMERE DISTRICT CHAS. F. NICHOLSON CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attractins capital and affords the best field for investment in the Province. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide ■whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district nd its resources furnished on applica ion. Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal attention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. C, EAST KOOTENAY. IiH m< THE MTNING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS NO GOOD in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British Public. The best way to do this is to EMPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business- at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. |c. J. WALKER'S BRITISH AND CANADIAN PRESS BUREAU." 24 Coleman St., London, E. C. R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos,etc, imperial, Crl^Tnd Hammer 41 PANDORA St. Plates, Aristo-Platino,Solio, Klo- Victoria B. C. ro, Velox and Dekho Papers THE MINING JOURNAL Railway and Commercial Gazette Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers, and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices : 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Publishing Offices: 3 Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: 3 months. Canada. 12 months. 28s. Payable in Advance. 6 months. 14s. NOW READY. TheMINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable lecnnieal monographs embodied in the present volume are tcie following: Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1900. by J. B. O. Kershaw; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L K. Bohm; Clay and its manufacture into bri k and tile, by H. Ries; Manufai ture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive poWer, by G. Lunge; Progreas in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke; Notes on the leaching of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adeock: Eliminati-n of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Keller; Riritan Copper Works general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks; Manufac ure of blue viirol from argentiferous copper, by J. G Clemmer; Recent progress in the Henderson process of extracting copper from pyritescinders, by J. G. Clemmer Flourspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illinois, by W.E. Kurk; Diamondlferous deposiis in the United States, by W. H.Hobbs; Progress in the cyanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.: Present development of the barrel chlorina ion process by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by R.H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson; Assa> of graphite by blast and by fusion, by P. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy a the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. • Howe; Alloys of iron, by H. Souther; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hoffmon: Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by P. Drake; Electrolyzing nickel-copper matte, by T. Dike; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorkovitz; Origin and occurrence of petroleum, in California, by A. S. Cooper; Statistics of the potassium salfe industry in Germany, by C. Hornu"g and E. C. Mackey-Heriot; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by E. Klockman; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B C. Kershaw; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by J.B C, Kershaw; Progress in the sulphuric acid indutry in 1900, by PJ. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of the Malay peninsula to the end of 189S, by F. Owen; Review of the progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls; Pyritic smelting, by K. R. Carpenter; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A.Sauveur; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards; Concentration of the Broken Hill (N.S.W.) sulphide ores, bV T. J. Green way; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R.W. Raymond; Notes on elect'o-chemislry, by C. F. Chandler THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Is recognized as the leadingfinancial journal ofthe United States. Ih addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries ofthe country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than any publication in theU.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses itis used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the moneyed class ofthe country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterpnsee can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this pubh-i cation. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than! any financial journal in the United States. Subscripiion price $1.00 per year.; Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 & 86 La Salle St., Chicago,111. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established I85S. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits ^ Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Roral Agricultural Exhibition '95. '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Ex- ■ hibitions, 1886. branch- VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTO=ENQRAVINQ COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. L.EGQ, SEND FOR SAMPLES. MANAGER. ff THE MINING RECORD BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— |f WHY ? We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. | Write for illustrated catalogue, free. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. ESI,BUS"ED Stock Certificates ,^||5gS? -AND- Mining Stationery JNiON^^LABE ~-!GicWrz& of all kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. eUSHSK PRINTING e©., Province Building, VICTORIA, B. 6. TURNER, Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Finsbury Circus, London, England Manufacturers of Clothing, Etc., Etc. Wholesale Merchants. Goods indented from all parts ofthe world. WO©D. YSLLHNeE & <20., Hamilton. Toronto Office, Bay Street South Wood, Vallance & Leggat, Limited WHOLESALE HARDWARE, VANCOUVER, B. C. (Successors to Tbos. Dun & Co., Ltd.) Bar Iron, Steel, Waste Ore Sacks ™VvX£r« CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. TON <& COY Dry Goods, Liquors, Cigars, Flour, Etc. Telegraphic Addresses : TURNER," Victoria; " BEETON," London; " TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson geo. o. wee© & ee. Winnipeg. THE MINING RECOED. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board Of Directors—Bt. Hon. l.or.i Strathoona and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshi.lds, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald; R. B. Angus,Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E- S. CLOUSTON General Manager A, MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches *. S- CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns BRANCHES Province of Ontap.io—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brnckville, Chatham, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderich, (iuelph. Hamilton, Kingston. Lindsay, London, Ofawa, Perth Peerboro, Picton, Sirnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto,Toi onto Yonge St. Branch, vv allaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Stigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham. N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. JohnN.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories— Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberla; Lethbridgc, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province op British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rowland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland-St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. I F, W. TAYLOR Assistant Inspector I JAMES AIRD •• Secretary I Montreal-H, V- MEREDITH Manager IN CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E.C, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the Unitkd States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain-London—The Bank of England, the Union. Bank of London, the London & Westminster Rank ihe National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—Thg British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank. The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Califomian Bank. Portland, Oregon— Ihe Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce With Which is Amalgamated Tire Bank: of British Columbia. _ HEADOFFICE: TORONTO. Paid Up Capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,ooo»ooo Aggregate Resources Over 1 7o,ooo,ooo HON. GEO. JV. COX, President. B. EX WALKER, General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, New York, San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, fernie, White Horse. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood. Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER, Mgr., Victoria, B. C. R. R. RITHET & CO. Wholesale Merchants, Shipping & Insurance Agents. Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Coltimbia Flouring Mill ; agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing Company, Cheminus, V.I.; Pacific Coast Steamship Co., San Francisco. WHARF STREET, VIOTORIA, B. C THE MINING KECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES, HOTELS, ETC. One 12 in. x 30 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 1 | z 3| x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Eairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C. L PARNACOTT & CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Walthamstow, England Beg to notify Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of Good Experienced Miners From several-parts of the continent. Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd. TIME TABLE. SLftSKft RODTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Priticess May and Am u make regular sailings connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. vieTORia-vaNeocvER r©ote. S. S. Charmer. Leave Victoria daily i a.m. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. Northern B. <2. Coast Route. S. S. Tees. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., 1st and 15th of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola and Skidegate once a mouth. Victoria^New Westminster Route, S. S. Princess Louise. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wednesdays and Saturdays 7 a.m. Callingat Mayne, Steveston and Guichon. New Westminster*ehilliwack Route. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m Leave Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. New Westminster'Steveston Route. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed.,Thurs., 7 a.m.; Fri , 6 a.m.: Sat., 6 p.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. West Coast Route. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, ioth and 20th day of mohth for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Classose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, Uclulet, Clayoquot and Ah- ouset, for Cape Scott and intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For full particulars as to time, rates, etc., apply to nearest C. P.R. agent or to J. W. TROUP, Manager, VICTORIA. F. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VA 1 COUVER NANAIMO SAW MILL AND SASH AND DOOR FACTORY Office: Mil! Street, Nanaimo, B. C. j A. HASLAM, Proprietor. Complete Stock of Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Doors, Windows, Blinds, Mouldings, Turning, Scroll Sawing, and all kinds of Wood Finishing, Cedar, White Pine, Redwood, Etc. Towing Done at Reasonable Rates by Steamer ALERT. P. 0. Box 35. Telephone 19. Dominion Hotel VICTORIA, B. C MC\A/ AMR ynnCDM Telephones connecting rooms with office, INtW AND MUULnlN, Private Baths, Electric Lighted, Return =^^ Call Bells, and First-Class service. European Plan, 50c, to $1.50 a Day, lAmerican Plan, $1,25 Up a Day. IHOTEL OSBORNE CROFTON, B. C. NEW AND MODERN [Terms $i to $2 per day. Headquarters for miners. G. PEARCE, Proprietor. HOTEL BADHINTON Cor. Dunsmuir and Howe Sts., VANCOUVER, B. C. Leading Family and Tourist Hotel on the Coast, commodious rooms and parlors; most popular resort for tourists; pleasant location. Rates $2.00 per day. J. W. WALLIS, Proprietor. £ZO REWARD. Will be given to any person who will put DONALD STEWART, 1 Smith Terrace, Wick, Scotland, N. B., in communication with his brother, DAV I D RUSSELL STEWART, w^o was last known to be in theTotumo mine Republic of Colombia, South America, in 1897. Reward paid from Smith's Advertising Agency, 100 Fleet Street, London, E.C, THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—$1.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PACIFIC LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to H. H, ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway. TIME THBLE N©. 44. Northbound. Leave. a.m. Victoria • 9:°° Shawn igan Lake 10:20 Dmicans •■ 11:co p.m. Southbound. Daily. Arrive. Wanaimo Ar. Well'neton 12:45 1 :oo P.M. I2:o6 IO46 10 :o2 8:15 Lv. 8:00 Northbound. Leave. Sat., Sun. and Wed. Southbound. Arrive. A.M. Victoria 4:25 Shawnigan Lake 5 142 Duncans 6:20 Xanaimo 8 :o2 Ar. Wellington 8:17 P.M. 8:10 7:01 6:05 4:25 Lv. 4:10 Through Tickets to Crofton via Westholme, Stage leaves Daily, connecting with North and Sonth bound trains, Double stage service Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays, connecting with morning and afternoon trains. Fare from Victoria, Single $2, Return $3. Through Tickets Victoria to alberni— Stage leaves Wellington Tuesdaysand Fridays on arrival of train from Victoria. Returning from Alberni Mondays and Thursdays. Fare from Victoria, single, $5.20, return J8.65 Through Tickets Victoria to Cowichan Lake via Duncans—Stage leaves Duncans Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Fare from Victoria $5.00 return . Excursion rates in effect to all points good Saturday and Snnday. GEO. L. COURTNEY, Traffic Manager. THE HUDSON'S BAY -HAVE- GENERAL STORES -AT- Bale de Peres Battleford Calgary W&< Chapleau Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury Touchwood Hills Vancouver Victoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg Lethbridge And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find at \ these stores the best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets ofthe world. . . fEVERY BELT* . GUARANTEED GENUINE OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTING For Exposed Situations Use " Lancashire1 Hair Belting. CATALOGUES AND DISCOUNTS ON APPLICATION. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto, FELTEN&GUILLEAUME^arlswerk, Actien Gesellschaft, Mulheim on Rhine MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES Electric Lighting Cables for Co»l Pits with arrangement for avoiding Are damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Eopes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay- Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE ■ Superior qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA : WATSON, JACK & CO. 7 ST. HELEN STREET MONTREAL STRAIGHT LINE, DUPLEX, SIMPLE or COM POUND. AIR COMPRESSORS.- I ROCK DRILLS THE CANADIAN RAND DRILL COMPANY STEAM or AIR. VANCOUVER, B. e. ROSSLHND, B. 6. GREENWOOD, B. &. 1 10,000 PELTON WHEELS NOW RUNNING. Electric Transmission and Mining Plants^ The Pelton Water-Wheel Co. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 121-129 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. «1^—E32S I l—^Egg———iM TYEE COPPER GO. SMELTING WORKS -AT- LADYSMITH Prepared to Purchase Ores as From August 1st* Convenient to E, & N. or Sea, m CLERMONT LIVINGSTON, Manager. NORTHWESTERN SMELTING AND REFINING CO- Buyers of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, Mattes, Bullion, Furnace and Cyanide products. LOCATION OF WORKS Crofton, Vancouver Island, B.iC. Published by the B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by T. R. Cusack, Victoria, Canada. lk MnnHl I'io/JlSilRIVER CAMP (Illustrated^ By C F. Musselman. lb IMUIILH DESCRIPTION OF MINING OPERATIONS AT COMOX C( /OL. DC. The HiTONlLECiic (many, Electromotors. Blowe'ii|p| |$|6tors. |p|ans. Dyna%l|p|§ Electric Minin^^feparatu;^P vfeTl).r|lAfBiC. " Notiij&fixperlment; In General Use Througho^ujTihe World/'llps* The Nevwcl^i Harp Powepock Operated by ONE man will perform work of^tpJ,E men .drilling with bits and hain'it$ei:^ MADE OF STEEL, guaranteed against breakage (ojc two yearsM, Extensively used in Unijfed States. Testimonial show this drill \ has in many ^stances reduced the cj^sf of mining by one half. . Easier to operate than to drill by bit. and ;Ia^menl|SAV^?rJTS ;^DST ,;.j|fERV MOItT^fi^Write for catalogqpand testimonials. & D*«|IPb|n, 52 B^^wa^N^; Y^|^ f§|>L.E Ma||UFACTi||er'. | ^^^ifi^i; Cpa^BSme^pg a||d F^^pig;^or^. - PURCpSE^, SAMPltRS AND||MELtJ|s OF|oLE|siL|»and COPPER ^^^^^^B- ORES J|§ FURNA^pROOUCT^:; ;;^p"7 .■'■.'•7 ADDRESS^ I'FFICES: Crocker Building, San Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to II Moorgate Street, London, E.C. J HH AREMjLDING MOUSE We Carry in Stock the Largestmssortment in Canada of MANTLES 1 In Oak, Maple, Cherry, Birel%Wriite and ile. f iBJj PLA(Hi|RATE|aany *f^^ ^PfiLlNG W«|fL00RS> HEARTHS, BATHROOM^:«c. Wf|rass Fenders, Fire Sets, FfreDogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. g^RQUETTEffeoORING. House HardwaWih Latest and Best Designs. Mcljpa^ftfeel A G§ Limited iSPibUVER, B. C. | DAWSix|N, Y?Jpji Jenikes§CQtlis| With our ImproyeS'JSay;' ernor and Safety Device, new patent gab rod and hook, and othefcf.sgepialj features of our design of; ||ln5?Ey|ferof engine,-will commend themselves to those reqgafing Durability, Economy & Easy Handling ^■wjn'this principal item of a steam-powfe^glant. ^£JpH ^itfStalled for operation. Our-figures are at yourK^ervice, and we think you will find them reasonable. Send fpr/qati alogues o>f$^ttiing in the Mining ^Machinery line. Free on request. TheJei^kfl^flachiheCo. Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax FRIED KRljPPf GRUfON WERK (Madgeburg-Buckau Germany.) t. nii#^.BiAilllH» ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work, Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation Tables and Parts* Las - rio's Gold Amalgamators, Settlers, Ac Separation and Concentration -Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers. Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLM^tW: COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PL#NT (a) For treating by the Wet Method with Stamp Batterie#,obnaigamation and Concentration. (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. COAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for^Ghishing and Dressing Ores at the Works. AGENTS: For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke & Co, 35 St. Francois Xavier Street, Montreal For the UNITEqeSTATES—Thos. Prosser &. Son, 15 Gold Street, New York i For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 545^-Mfixico |||pl For SOUTH AFRIGA— Unite? Engine^tng Company, Ltd,, P, 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S. A. R. THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President. E. L. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager. VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, f(SIngie Eope System.) SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLING MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, SAIN FRANCISCO, CAL. link-Belt ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS For Handling Ores, Matte, Slasr, Crushed Stone, Gravel, Cement, Sand, Water, Etc. PICKLING TABLES, SHAKING AND REVOLVING SCREENS, COAL WASHING MACHINERY, SHAFTING, ROPE SHEAVES, PULLEYS, CLUTCHES, GEARING, Etc. Send for Catalogue. SVEBDCrVk^rK wmk ■Link-Belt" Coal and Coke Breaker . 'Link-Beit" Box Water Elevator. Capacity 300 to 10,000 gallons per minute LINK BELT MACHINERY CO., CHICAGO, U.S.A., Engineers, Founders, Machinists. 3 e o 9 9 <* ' ®. a, q o o IMPORTANT T® G©LO MINERS Hnd Manufacturers, of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES For saving Gold in Quartz. Placer and Beach Mining. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. 26 Medals awarded. Old Mining plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought or Gold Separated. 35 years in business here. Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to contract in weight of Silver and Copper. Send for Circular. DENNISTON'S SRN FRHNeiSe© PLHTING WORKS 3. G. DENNISTON, Proprietor. Telephone Main 5931 743 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal. THE MINING RECORD. ill m ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING.INSTRUMENTS. Brunt on's Patent Pocket Transit FOR SURFACE OR UNDERGROUND SURVEYS. The accompanying illustration shows an operator taking horizontal angles or courses with the Brunton Patent Pocket Transit. The instrument is just what its names implies, that is, A Pocket Transit, as it does not require a Jacob's staff or tripod, the sighting and reading being accomplished simultaneously. Nearly 1.000 in use. Case of aluminum 2% in. by 2^ in. by 1 in.; weight 8 ounces. WM. AINSWORTH <& SONS, SOLE MANUFACTURERS, Send for Catalogue B-4 giving full description. DENVER, COLO., U.S.A. -F"OR SALE E3Y- B. C. ASSAY & CHEMcCAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B.C.; W. F. TEETZED & CO., Nelson, B.C.; C. M. FASSETT, Spokane Wash.; JOHN TAYLOR & CO , San Francisco, Cal.; F. W. BRAUN & Co., Los Angeles, Cal. The B. C. Assay and Chemical Supply Co., Limited. Direct Importers of Hssayers' and Mill Supplies Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glasswure, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quiet- silver Sole agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, Kngland; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Gary Furnaces. Burners, etc.; W. Ainsworth & Sons,' Fine Balances Write for our prices ADDRESS 733 Pender St., Vancouver, B. 6. One 12 in. x BO in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same- One Boiler Feed Pump, 1^ z 3| x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Eairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C Mining and Surveying Instruments Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List P. & R. WHITSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. A* Van Der Naillens* School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open all year SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY, 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA ST., DENVER, C0L0RAD PLATINUM REFINERS WE are always in the Market for CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREE BAKER & CO. NEWARK, N. THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. AXesghen &Sons Rope Go. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT FLATTENED STRAND ."!$?52 TOUGH STRONG % SM SAFE. DURABLE TRADE MARK REGISTERED WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 'mm §?*NCH OFMCES rAiiV/A! 9* Centre Street, - HewTork, N. T. 187 East Lake Street, - Chicago, IIL 86 Fremont Street) San Francisco, Cal. ^LwiiH^M^%tfitti^^»#riE. DOW PU Are manufactured in great variety FOR MINING PURPOSES. | Operated by Steam, Air, Blectric or Water Power. Vertical Sinking Pumps, Bucket or Double Plunger Pattern. Deep Mine Station Pumps. KE KNOWN YOUR WANTS TO THE GEO. E. DOW PUMPING ENGINE CO., :nd ror catalogue san francisco, cal. mam pe SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS | Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam, Ve Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water Wheels. Air Compressors and Filter Presses. f interested, address THE STILLWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., 293 Lehman St., DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. The Bleichert Wire Rope Tramway More Bleichert Tramways in use than all others. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Co., TRENTON, N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist-Conveyor«, Surface and Underground Haulage, Etc. Illustrated Book Upon Application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co., 17 Burling Silp, Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building, Canton Steel Works The only plant in the United States devoted exclusively to the manufacture of steel for Mining and Railroad construction. Canton Brands are HAMMERED, not rolled, and sold under guarantee. Miners Will find the Steel List published by eHNTON STEEL e©'Y, DENVER, e©L0., contains much information which will prove of interest. Mailed upon application. FOR SALE BY McLennan, McFeely & 60., VANCOUVER, B. e. The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc., by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on WIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. H Correspondence Solicited. CALIFORN FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 HastingsTSt., Vancouver, B. C. IA WIRE WORKS, 46-48 Fremont St. San Francisco, Cal Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. The Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES. "LANG'S" PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. Branches:—Halifax, N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland, B. C. MANUFACTURING & SUPPLY CO Originators, Designers, Manufacturers and Jobbers. High Class Modern Equipment for MINES AND MILLS :WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Hoisting Engines- Air Compressors- Boilers - - - Dynamos, Motors Steam, Compressed Air, Electric and Gasoline. Tandem, Duplex and Cross Compound. Tubular, Water Tube and Marine. .and Electrically Driven Machine Tools. WRITE FOR MINING MACHINERY CATALOGUE No. 8. Offices and Salesrooms: 1601-1617 Seventeenth St., Denver, Colo., U. S. A. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Hydraulic Mining Machinery Nos. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, San Francisco, Cal. «7 "HENDY" Hydraulic Gravel Elevators, Water Lifters, Sand and Gravel Pumps. HYDRAULIC GIANTS—Double Jointed Ball-Bearin and Single-Jointed Giants. HYDRAULIC DERRICKS—Operated by Hand, Steam, Water or Electric power. Correspondence Solicited. Prices on application. HAMILTON &£#<;■(•>■' HYDRHOLie RIVETED PIPE. "Hendy" Double- Jointed Bali- Bearing Uiant COHPANY (Incorporated 1861). Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH OFFICE: VICTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD NANAIMO GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. f R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose 'Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING 573. 575, 577 & 579 Market St., S^&$fG SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ld. EftTGrlBTEERS, I Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIMflLTES FURNISHED UPON HPPLieHTION. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, " VANCOUVER, B.C. CANADIAN. QENERfIL ELECTRIC CO., LTD. CAPITAL STOCK, ~ $1,500,000. I Head Offices: Toronto, Ont Factories: Peterboro and Toronto, Ont.; Montreal, Qt S BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N.S., Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF Only Authorized Manufacturers and Dealers i n Canada for them. Write us. BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: «ra ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Fans, Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes* Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Fifty Miles by our C G. E. and S. Three Phase, Two Phase, Transmission Systems. VANCOUVER. THE MINING RECORD. VBiJi The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. MONTREAL, P.Q. T~ INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. ) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. Catalogue and Details on Application to \ FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C. Send for Catalogues and Specifications. Cnnliffe & McMillan, Agents at Rossland Vancouver Engineering Works, Vancouver, B. C. SH The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine; cheap, safe and handy. Send for booklet. 962 King St. Subway. I The Brackman & Ker Milling Co., Ltd.; | VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated .*. Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with ♦ the Best Quality of I Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. B.&K.R0LLLD OATS. t X Victoria. Nelson. y Vancouver. Rossland. ♦> New Westminster. Strathcona. (Registered.) X ♦I* Unequalled in the World. I BOYD, BURNS & CO., wholesale ( plumt»ng and Engineering Supplies ( and Ship Chandlery . $ . Iron and Brass Pipe and Fittings, Injectors, Oil Caps, Lubricators, Asbestos Board, Sectional Covering and Asbestos Cement, Leather, Rubber and Link Belting, Wire and Manilla Rope, Paints and Oils, Chain, Spikes, Loggers' Supplies, Sheet Iron and Other Metals 5,-55 Hastings S»eeLandr |gg VANCOUVER, B.C. The Mining Record VOL. IX. SEPTEMBER, 1902. No. 9 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the .'lining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORT1HER LAMB, flanaging Editor. Victoria, B. C., Office, Province Building. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C, Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria Street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. .San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year - Great Britain and Foreign, one year - ■ Advertising Rates on Application. $3.00 $2.50 Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. O. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C, TAXATION OF MINES. THE Hon. the Minister of Mines, who has been officially touring the Kootenays, is to be congratulated upon the means he has adopted of gaining first-hand a knowledge of existing conditions in those districts, and of ascertaining from the men most directly interested and presumably best informed, the grounds upon which the present imposition of the 2 per cent, tax on productive mines is considered inequitable and unfair. But if the honourable gentleman does not return ' to his duties at the Capital with an adequate idea of the feeling of the mining community, it will not be for lack of moderation on the part of those who profess to express public opinion. Thus a Rossland contemporary remarks that: "The two per cent, mineral tax is iniquitious. It throttles the development of the Rossland and other camps possessing resources of a similar nature. Further and permanent prosperity can only be attained upon the abolition of the tax. The Rossland camp will then forge ahead on a scale hitherto without precedent. Facts and figures are forthcoming to support these contentions." And it gives this as a fair sum mary of the views expressed by leading mining engineers and others at a banquet given the other day at Rossland to the Minister. Mr. Kirby, general manager of the War Eagle and Centre Star Companies, is reported to have said on this occasion: . "We all know that the great cause of the depres- sion~now coming over the British Columbia mining industry is excessive and overwhelming taxation. The two per cent, tax stands like a stone wall before us." The last expression referred to the operations of the mines of which he is manager. He also described the tax as "an enormous government rake off, Mr Kirby's remarks fairly represent the views expressed b)' other speakers. The mine owners cannot be accused of wishing to evade contributing their due share to the revenue of the Province. Neither do they claim that the aggregate amount of the mineral tax is unduly large in proportion to the magnitude of the industry. Their complaint is that the incidence of the tax is such that it prevents the profitable operation of low grade ores. For example: Mr. William Thompson, manager of the Rossland Great Western allied mining properties, is of the opinion that the two per cent, tax alone prevented the establishment of many Treadwell mines in British Columbia, the Treadwell mine in Alaska being, as is well known, a very low grade but very extensive deposit. Estimating upon the basis of ore worth $8.50 a ton, the Rossland Miner shows that the so-called two per cent, tax is really about 12 1-2 per cent, of the net profits, which would certainly be regarded as an unduly heavy burden if imposed on any other industry. A two per cent, tax upon the net income of the mine would be exceedingly reasonable, but surely to be compelled to pay one-eighth of the profit to the Government is excessive. The question has been before the public for some time, and we see no reason for amending the opinions expressed in the Mining Record several months ago, when demonstrating that the present tax is highly burdensome to low-grade mines. Mr. J. B.McKilligan, Surveyor of Taxes, in his report to the Minister of Finance, makes a painstaking effort to analyze the subject of mine taxation. He admits that the difficulties presented are great and thinks the question calls for very close investigation. Mr. McKilligan does not, however, believe that the 292 THE MINING RECORD. incidence of the tax would be made perfectly equitable by deducting the cost of mining, as well as that of treatment and transportation, because, as he points out, the cost of mining is rarely the same in any two mines. The basis of the tax is, he says, the value of the material removed from the mine, andthat value does not in any way depend on the cost of mining. This is clear enough. A ton of ore containing 12 per cent, copper and costing a certain sum to mine, is not worth any more than a ton of ore containing 12 per cent, copper and costing only half as much to mine. The market value of the copper in the ore is regulated by the market price of copper bullion and not by what it costs to take the ore out of the mine. An absolutely fair basis would be to tax the value of the ore in the mine, if there were any way 01 arriving at correct conclusions, for then all operations would be put upon an equitable basis. A ton of copper in ore in a mine is worth the value of a ton of blister copper less the cost of refining, treatment, transportation and mining, and this, of course, is true whether the ore is high grade or low grade. If that value could be ascertained, and the ore mined could be taxed upon that basis, the incidence would be perfectly equitable. Mr. McKilligan foresees great difficulties in the way of any effort to arrive at the actual cost of mining, and very slight consideration will show that these must arise. They are probably not insurmountable, but yet no one has come forward with a plan which has met with general acceptance for overcoming them. An arbitrary scale has been suggested to represent the cost of mining, a low rate being allowed on low grade ore and higher rales on higher grades. It is ooss'ble that some such plan or some modification of it might prove satisfactory. If each mine were notified that the allowance for mining would be a certain sum, and were permitted to appeal from the classification and produce its books to show what the cost really is, it is altogether probable that in the course of a few years a fairly equitable basis would be reached. Mine owners object to being compelled to disclose their business, and perhaps it is not unreasonable that they should be unwilling to allow the examination of their affairs for purposes of taxation. No other business is compelled to take the assessor into complete confidence. We do not require a merchant to make a sworn statement of his business and permit his books to be overhauled. We reserve the right to tax him at what seems fair and give him the right to appeal if he thinks he is taxed too much. Let it be supposed, therefore, that the law shall say that in fixing the amount of taxation upon any mine, the law shall fix an arbitrary amount asi the cost of mining, the amount being regulated by the value of the ore. This sum, together with the cost of transportation and treatment, being deducted from the smelter returns, would give the arbitrary value of the ore in the mine. If in the opinion of the owner it was too much, he would be at liberty to appeal against it and show what the cost actually was. This plan might not ensure perfectly equitable taxation, but it would remove the complaint made against the present system on the ground that it taxes the cost of labour and management, and it would certainly enable the mine owner to have the actual value of his ore made the basis of taxation, if he so desired. Possibly this suggestion may be of some small service towards the settlement of an exceedingly difficult problem and may indicate a direction in which relief may be found for the mining industry. In regard to the aggregate volume of taxation not much requires to be said. The total is not great compared with the metal output, but hardly any room exists for doubt as to the statement that if the low grade ores were placed on a fair basis as regards taxation, the increased output would far more than compensate for any falling off in the revenue. The question is not, as yet, a political one, which is fortunate. It may easily become political, and therefore the interests of the Province demand that, all preconceived ideas being dismissed as far as possible, a determined effort should be made to place the mineral tax upon such a basis as will satisfy the mine owner and be just to the Province at large. MINING ON VANCOUVER ISLAND. f~\ NLY a few years ago there were comparatively ^^ few possessed of the belief that Vancouver Is'and would become an important metalliferous mining area. What was claimed at that time to be the best opinion was adverse to the value of such deposits of economic ore as were known to occur on the Island. Many shared this opinion. The .change in this respect is almost revolutionary and the disposition now manifest is rather to fly to the other extreme. For this change there is a very substantial basis; there are undoubtedly substantial grounds for most sanguine anticipations. It may, in fact, be confidently asserted that the mines of the Island are about to become an important factor in the industry of the Province, and that their permanency and increased output is no longer a matter of speculation. Unfortunate mistakes were made during the early days of metalliferous mining on the Island, such, for example, as the employment in the supervision of a large expenditure of money of a person whose only qualification appeared to be that he was not doing anything else at the time. Another error was in failing to recognize that the geological problems peculiar to Vancouver Island could not be solved by reference to those presented by some other locality. Perhaps there is no place of similar area where the "experts," generally self-styled, have made more mistakes But while individuals have suffered in THE MINING RECORD. 293 pocket through errors of what may be called amateur effort, the general public has perhaps benefited, and prospecting and developing are now conducted on Vancouver Island with a better appreciation of local conditions, and hence with a far more satisfactory outcome than heretofore. Moreover, the results which have followed systematic and intelligent operations of mines on Mount Sicker are a great encouragement to persons having mining properties there aud elsewhere. It is impossible to regard what is now in progress at Mount Sicker without feelings of the liveliest satisfaction and without indulging In strong hopes that what is being accomplished there will be repeated in other portions of the Island. Competent observers do not hesitate to say that the Mount Sicker District at the present time is one of the most promising metalliferous fields in British Columbia. The deposits of ore are numerous and extensive, the grade is high and the conditions under which work is carried on are eminently favourable. There is no longer any reason for scepticism on these points, and but for the circumstance that in the past the mines of this district have been in the hands chiefly of private individuals, and the public have not been invited to subscribe to stock, the field would long ere this have passed through the not very desirable experience, now imminent, of a boom period. Any doubt that may have existed of the permanence and value of the Mount Sicker mines was removed with the decision of such shrewd operators and skilled metallurgists as Messrs. Breen, Bellinger & Fotheringham to establish, at an outlay of over a quarter million dollars a smelting plant, for the treatment of the ores of the district, at Crofton, followed later by the commencement of construction work of a second smelter by the Tyee Copper Co. at Ladysmith. The Crofton smelter is now about to be blown in and it may be confidently asserted that although the present capacity of the works of 500 tons daily is relatively small, there are few, if any, smelters on the North American continent better equipped or more economically designed and arranged. Quatsino Sound has for some years been regarded as a promising field for mining operations, although some persons who invested there met with disappointments. The experience of the owners of the Comstock mine favours the conclusion that the fault was not in the locality but in those who were responsible for the development work attempted. Numerous other discoveries of a promising nature have also of late been made in the Quatsino District. Activity prevails at several points along the West Coast, and the assumption is reasonable that those who continue to invest capital in undertakings here would not do so unless the prospects of profitable returns were reasonably encouraging. The erection of smelters on the Island will greatly stimulate min ing by lessening the cost of the transportation of ores. It may therefore be fairly claimed that the period of mineralogical development on Vancouver Island has set in, and as of the 16,000 square miles contained in Vancouver Island probably two-thirds of that area have not been explored for mineral-bearing rocks, there is ample scope and opportunity for the prospector. It should, however, be remarked that the difficulties to exploitation in this region are not inconsiderable, the.interior of the Island being as yet not very readily accessible, and, too, the luxuriant growth of vegetation is a further drawback to successful prospecting. The conditions are, however, certainly not worse than those encountered by prospectors in the Kootenays in the early nineties, while the milder coast climate is an advantageous circumstance of importance. The gold-copper ores so far discovered have been without exception of generally higher grade value than those of other localities of British Columbia, and the excellent facilities for transportation and treatment of ores, the abundance of timber for fuel and mining purposes and the number of streams from which cheap power may be obtained, are all points which should appeal favourably to prospectors. THE FUTURE OF THE YUKON. THE falling off in the output of the Klondike placers has very naturally provoked some discussion in the press as to the future of mining in the Yukon Territory. In some quarters rather discouraging views obtain, but on the whole the weight of opinion seems to be that the outlook is far from discouraging. Much stress is laid upon a ■statement made by a Mr. Hees, agent of the Manufacturers' Association, who lately visited the country, and who has made the statement that "since 1897 hundreds and thousands of prospectors have been exploring every creek and mountain in that country, and no discovery of importance has been made for more than a year." In making that observation Mr. Hees lays himself open to the same charge of exaggeration as he brings aeainst Mr. F. C. Wade, who in a recent lecture remarked that "only fifty miles have been worked, and there are seven thousand miles of creeks in the Yukon, almost all of which are unprospected." Neither statement is of much value, even if true. The fact that gold has not been found in large deposits anywhere in the Yukon during the last year is only proof that prospectors have been unsuccessful, and does not afford a convincing reason for the belief that it will not be found. The Klondike itself was prospected and condemned years before it came into prominence as a produc- 294 THE MINING RECORD. tive field. For any person to pretend to be able to form from a cursory visit to the Yukon an adequate conception of its future is absurd. Equally so is an attempt to reach a definite conclusion from newspaper reports. A better guide is the conduct of those having large commercial interests in the country. From evidence available in this direction one may feel justified in anticipating that the Yukon Territory will long remain a productive field. An element of doubt is undoubtedly present. Until extensive ore deposits have been discovered, the future of every mining camp is problematical, for the richest placers have only a limited life, and there is very little wisdom in banking on the discovery of new ones. But the men who have large interests in the country and have enjoyed the best opportunities of forming trustworthy opinions are reasonably safe guides. Therefore when we see the large commercial houses laying their plans for a permanent trade, and capitalists ready to put money into railway construction, we are not far astray in believing that the future of the Yukon is not as shadowy as some hasty observers may conclude. The railway construction above referred to includes the building of a line from Dawson to the mines, to be continued in a general southwesterly direction for an undetermined distance, and of a line from Valdez to Circle City, with a branch to Dawson. The latter enterprise has not yet reached the construction stage, although it is well advanced in that direction. The announcement is made that the former has been floated and that a large shipment of rails is about to be sent forward. We may feel very sure that the men behind these undertakings have satisfied themselves that there is some permanency about Yukon mining. It is a mistake to suppose that the value of the gold output of a mining camp is the sole test of its prosperity. A fortunate miner may strike a rich placer deposit and for a few thousand dollars' outlay take in a competency. These are the operations which advertise a district and create excitement. But the production of one quarter of the amount of value may be due to the expenditure of four times as much money, in labor and, if so, the smaller production begets the greater degree of prosperity, although the owner of the mine may have to be content with smaller net returns. So far as a community is concerned, the smaller the margin of profit, that is, as long as there is a sufficient margin to encourage enterprise, the greater the general benefit. Ten millions of gold won from the Klondike placers in the future, or five millions from quartz deposits might mean a more general and genuine period of prosperity than twenty millions under such circumstances as have prevailed there two and more years ago. There might be less excitement, fewer hangers on in the camp, rarer instances of the rapid accumulation of wealth; but the general volume of business, the number of men given remunerative employment and the actual, as opposed to the speculative, value of property of all kinds might be greater. The same principle has been illustrated in nearly every metalliferous mining camp in the world. When the shipments of ore were confined to small quantities of high grade, the relative profit was higher and the mining outlook more speculative, but experience has shown that the solid foundation of the mining industry and of such other lines of industry as depend upon its prosperity, is in the steady production of large quantities of ore at a sufficient margin of profit to attract investment, without returning fabulous results. " Therefore, while the spectacular output of Klondike placers no longer keeps the world in a fever of excitement and the instances of fortunes being amassed in a single season are-rare, while phenomenal rates of wages no longer prevail and the contingent of miners laden with "dust" is not as numerous as last year, it is quite too soon for any one toi write "Ichabod" on the gateway to the Yukon, and proclaim to the world that the glory of the Golden North has departed. On the contrary, a sober survey of conditions as they now exist warrants the belief that the Yukon country will continue for an indefinite period to be a producer of gold, with a reasonable prospect that, as the yeaio pass and the country is better known, there will be a steady increase in the number of men who will find remunerative employment there and be consumers of merchandize produced in other parts of Canada. Inseparably connected with the future development of the Yukon is the question of transportation. Extremely rich placers can stand extraordinary high transportation rates. This has been shown by other localities as well as by the Klondike. But with the reduction in the amount of gold that can be taken out per man, the wages problem becomes vital, and everywhere, and especially in a country which produces as yet only comparatively few of the necessaries of life, the cost of transportation has a con- torlling influence upon the question of wages. The existing transportation facilities in the Yukon are favorable, whether designedly so or not is immaterial, to the centralization of business in the hands of a few large corporations, and at the present rate of progress it will not be very long before the country is controlled by a few combinations, to the great disappointment of individual effort. Yet it is upon individual effort that the expansion of the mining industry in the North will depend. The Klondike was not dscovered by a great corporation, but by hardy adventurers animated by the belief that what they found was there to have and to hold. The supremacy of the corporation and the decline of the THE MINING RECORD. 295 individual is a greater menace to the future prosperity of the Yukon than the lack of the recent discovery of rich placers. WE have the greatest respect for our excellent contemporary the Canadian Mining Review. But is it altogether fair for its editor, our friend Mr. Bell, who is also secretary to the Canadian Mining Institute, to aporopriate as he does, without acknowledging the source, papers, contributed to the Institute by its members, to the use of that periodical ? Thus in recent issues several interesting papers written by members of the Institute and intended for the special edification of that body have been published by Mr. Be'.l in the Mining Rexnczv before they could be read at the meetings of the Society, and there has been, moreover, nothing to indicate that these papers were not directly contributed to the periodical in question. If ever there was one, here is a case of a man using his official position to further his private ends, and we enter a vigorous protest. We, however, admit that the temptation is great, so difficult is it in these days to fill one's columns with interesting and original material—without paying; for it. Although in some sections of Cariboo, the gold yield this season promises to be exceptionally heavy, it is to be feared that the production from the most important mine of the district, the Consolidated Cariboo, will again be disappointing. The result of a first clean-up from a run of 24 days was sent to Vancouver this month in the form Of an ingot valued at $43,000, and as the season is now well advanced, it is unlikely, though of course possible, that the total yield from the mine will much exceed that of 1901. The explanation given is that gold washing operations were delayed in consequence of a big slide which had to be removed and in the performance of other non-productive work necessary in obtaining a grade for washing the rich bed-rock gravel and in making the turn in the old channel. Nevertheless shateholders are hardly to be blamed for expressing some impatience at the constant delay ere they begin to realize the profitable return on their investment so long promised by the management. There is, however, we think, not the slightest cause for uneasiness as to the intrinsic merit of the 'property. Whittaker Wright, the London & Globe Finance Corporation, and its allied companies, are again occupying attention in London. They have got into the House of Commons, where the Attorney General said in reply to a question that he did not intend to instruct the Director of Prosecutions to take proceedings. The Official Receiver says in his report that he has been advised by eminent counsel not to begin any prosecutions at the present time; but the persons petitioning for a prosecution declare that they are not content to have proceedings of this nature indefinitely postponed. There is a very marked revival of interest in the treatment to be accorded to the men responsible for the gross wrong done the investing public in connection with these companies, and the opinion is freely expressed that if they are allowed to get off scot-free the effect will be exceedingly bad and have a tendency to discredit the London investment market. Conditions at Rossland have of late shown very considerable improvement, and a new wave of prosperity has to all appearance set in for that district. The resumption of mining operations at the War Eagle and Centre Star mines, means a great deal for the district, while the Velvet is now also producing regularly, This, together with the fact that both the Le Roi and Le Roi No. 2 are making far better showings has done much of late to restore confidence and to cause a revival of interest in Rossland mines on the part of investors. Production from the camp of late has averaged between five and seven thousand tons weekly, but for the rest of the year this weekly output should be increased to between ten and eleven thousand tons—a difference which will necessarily have a marked effect upon the 1902 returns. Meanwhile the Great Northern Railway has supplied seventy specially designed steel cars for service between Rossland and Northport, while the Canadian Pacific has also prepared for heavy shipments over the branch line from Rossland to Trail. The settlement of the coal miners' strike at Fernie reflects credit on all concerned, and the conduct of the miners during the period of idleness was exemplary and in marked contrast with that of the striking employees of coal mines in the United States. The agreement reached provides that a day's work shall consist of one shift of eight and one-half hours, allowance being for a part of the time occupied in going to and returning from work, and a half-hour's intermission at noon being provided for, the miners not to leave their places during this period. If after two months' trial a majority of the miners working underground are dissatisfied with the arrangement, the company agree to abolish the half-hour's intermission and thereafter eight hours shall constitute a day's shift, the time to begin when the miners are at the fire stations and fire bosses' rooms going in, and end at the same places coming out. 296 THE MINING RECORD. We have previously commented on the discovery of platinum in place in the Similkameen. It is now reported that similar discoveries have been made in the Burnt Basin. This, if true, and there is every reason to believe in the authenticity of the report, would not only be important, regarded commercially, but from a metallurgical standpoint the finding of platinum in place possesses decided interest. It is understood meanwhile that the ore has been tested with very satisfactory results by Messrs. Baker & Co., the well- known firm of platinum refiners of Newark, N. J. The Burnt Basin is situated in the Grand Forks Mining Division, and apart from the present discovery, many exceedingly promising outcrops of copper ores are to be found there. Few, if any, of the claims, however, in this section have as yet been systematically developed. The Maple Leaf Mining & Development Company, incorporated in this Province with a capital of $1,000,- ooo and having its head office in San Francisco, is issuing circulars offering its stock for sale. This is to all appearance a wild-cat of the most flagrant type and we shall have more to say about it later. A movement has been started in Phoenix having for its object the establishment by the Government of a home for permanently disabled and indigent miners. Nothing can be more timely and it may be taken for granted that the miners themselves will cheerfully bear a share of the cost of such an institution. THE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE OLLALA- COMPANY. MR. W. M. Brewer, special correspondent of the Engineering and Mining Journal (New York) • has handed us the following letter addressed to the editor of that periodical replying to a communication published in the same paper from Mr. A. A. Watson, of Vernon, who examined and reported on the company's properties and now questions the fairness of a previous criticism made by Mr. Brewer: Victoria, B.C., August 19th, 1902. Dear Sir:—When, because of the representations made to me by prominent citizens of British Columbia, many of them leading mining men, I, last winter, not because of any personal reasons but acting in the capacitv as the representative in British Columbia of the Engineering and Mining Journal, sounded a note of warning to the public advising them to thoroughly investigate the merits of the proposition of the Olalla Copper Mining and Smelting Company, previous to investing, I fully intended not to be drawn into any controversy relative to the question, principally be cause I considered that from the statements made by the company themselves and the reports they published they would hesitate a long while before replying to my criticism. But, from the fact that Mr. Watson, of Vernon, who reported on the properties, and Mr. W. C. McDougal, the general manager of the company have, after waiting several months, challenged my criticisms through the correspondence columns of the Engineering and Mining Journal, I am constrained to reply to these gentlemen and shall make that reply as brief as possible and also directly to the point. The great objection Mr. Watson found to my criticism was, that it was unfair because I had not personally visited the property. I stated in my letter that I had the best authority for making the criticism, although I had not examined the properties myself. A portion of that authority was Mr. Watson's own report published by the company, in pamphlet form, in which he states that at the time of his examination the surface was so covered with snow that shovelling had to be resorted to, to uncover outcroppings of mineral and that all' the development work performed on sixty-three claims, only amounted to- some one thousand feet, of which about six hundred was a crosscut tunnel run in barren material. Now for a man to assert that under such conditions he felt justified in stating that the property possessed sufficient value to warrant the flotation of a company capitalized at $3,000,000, even though a railroad charter authorizing the construction of a line through a very sparsely' settled country, a townsite in that sparsely settled country, water rights and a smelting site are included in the proposition is the most arrant nonsense, and no reputable mining engineer would make such a >1atement, but as Mr. Watson claims to be only an assayer I presume the public will deal leniently with his statements, notwithstanding that the company appear to place such great importance on his reports that they are willing to attempt to secure capital from the public. Another authority was the report of the Provincial Mineralogist, who made a personal examination in 1901, which has since been published and from which I quote the following, from pages 1156-7-8 and 9 of the latest report of the Minister of Mines, submitted at the last session of the local legislature in 1902: The Bullion mineral claim is one of the claims in the neighbourhood of Olalla held by the Keremeos Mining Syndicate, the manager of which is Mr. Morris. The property is situated to the east of and directly above the Olalla townsite, at an altitude of 3,200 feet, or about 2,000 feet above the level of the valley. The country rock here is a fine-grained igneous variety, which seems to be considerably altered along a joint plane, and. in the immediate neighbourhood df the ore body, is granular, having the appearance of a garnetite, in places showing well-defined crystals of garnet. The mineralisation appears to have occurred along a belt or zone, in which the alteration referred to is most apparent and which runs about N. and S., with a dip nearly vertical. On the surface this mineralised belt is indicated by a considerable iron cap, below whveh sulphides of iron and copper are apparent, associated with crystals of magnetite and garnet. The development work done consists of various surface stoppings, the most important of which was about So feet square along the face olf the bluff, where some blasting has been done. A slip joint in the country rock comes to the surface here, and is supposed to form one boundary of the mineralised belt. Some 400 feet to the S. E. of this exposure a tunnel had been started, and was then in about 15 feet, in addition to THE MINING RECORD. some io feet of open cut preceding it. This tunnel is in a fine-grained, igneoLis rock, which appears to be generally mineralised more or less as indicated but with patches of copper pyrites extending over a width of two or three feet- In this width the copper pyrites were estimated as forming about s per cent, of the whole, which would represent a copperj assay value of about from 1.5 to 2 per cent. The manager reported that no gold or silver values of importance had been obtained, which seemed to be confirmed by subsequent assays. The work done exhibited an extensive mineralisation but failed to discover a sufficient concentration of values to entitle the property to be classed as workable in the absence of gold and silver values. The claim has been worked from Olalla, ana no buildings nave been elected in connection with the property. The Opulence mineral claim, owned by the same syndicate, is situated near the summit of the hill directly to the east of Keremeos post-office. It is approached by a trail ascending from Richter's, up the flank of the hill. The claim is at an altitude of 4,200 feet, on a grass-covered knoll, through which the rock crops out in places, appearing to be a dark- coloured hornblendic, probably considerably altered and impregnated with iron and copper sulphides. The surface rock presents the appearance of having been cintered, looking like a black iron slag, and is probably an altered hornblende, in which occurs a certain amount of copper oxide and probably some silicate of copi er. Selected samples of this material, showing pronounced mineralisation, were taken for assay and gave 10.9 per cent, copper and 1 :>z. silver. The claim is supposed to contain native copper, but no samples could be found carrying such. The principal work done' on the property consists of a couple of shafts. The deepest of these was reported to be down 45 feet, with a 15-foot drift to the south at 20 feet depth, while, the other shaft was down about 30 feet. These workings were partly filled with water and, consequently, could not be inspected, but, judging from the dump and from report, the shaft had continued down for some 30 feet through the surface rock with its oxidised ores, and had here struck into what appeared to be a diorite impregnated with sulphides of copper. On the Eldorado mineral claim, a continuation down the hill, somewhat similar mineralisation was observable, but not seemingly so strong. On the Surprise mineral claim, also held by the Keremeos Mining Syndicate, a tunnel had been driven in for some no feet, showing a lead from 2 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in. wide with an ore streak from 4 to 8 inches, reported as carrying good values in gold. On the Searchlight a 45-ft. tunnel followed in a dyke of hornblende material impregnated with small quantities of copper pyrites. On the Magdala mineral claim, situated on the mountain above Richter's and owned by R. W. Northey et ah, an open pit some 10 feet deep shows the diorite country rock to be mineralised with pyrrhotite and a little copper, while the weathering of the face white denoted the presence of considerable arsenical pyrites- The work done did not show what the deposit might be, nor enough of its occurrence to form an opinion as to its origin or probable value A sample of the pyrrhotite taken for assay gave only traces of gold and silver and half per cent, of copper. FLAGSTAFF MINERAL CLAIM. This claim, also owned by the Keremeos Mining Syndicate, lies above and adjoining the Searchlight. There appears to be here a zone in the country rock, of which no limiting boundaries could be noted, but which was observed over a width of from 100 to 200 feet, and consisted of hornblende, black mica, and a cementing material of a light green colour, probably felsitic. This zone has a trend N. W. and S. E. In certain places the hornblende seemed to be replaced bv magnetite, which occasionally occurred in solid masses, showing in places evidences of copper. Th's zone was noted at an elevation of 2,700 feet, and at 2,900, or 200 feet higher up the hill, a tunnel had been drivjn easterly for 15 feet into the hillside at the base of a st-iep rocky bluff. A carefully taken average sample from the sides roof and face of this tunnel, which was supposed to be in the ore body, failed to give upon assay any values in gold, silver or copper, while an average sample of the ore < pile on the dump gave an assav of three-quarters per cent, copper and traces of gold and silver. The most important of these properties, certainly as far as development goes, is the Apex group, owned by McMillan et ah, and consisting of the Keystone, Australian, Alpha, Apex and Standard mineral claims. Here there have been several surface cuts made, showing in fissures in the limestone a replacement of the lime by pyrites, arsenicil pyrites and chalcopyrite, which certainly gives considerable promise for the amount of work done. A picked sample of the ore herein exposed was taken for assay and gave 7-7 per cent, copper, $12 in gold and 2-8 oz. in silver per ton. DIVIDEND GROUP. This group, consists of the following six mineral claims, which are adjoining, viz., Dividend, Dividend Nos. I, 2 and 3, Juno and Diana, and is held by the Keremeos Mining Syndicate. The property is situated on the summit of Dividend mountain and extends down the east slope of the hill for some distance. The country rock here is, generally speaking, a fine-grained igneous variety, probably a diorite and would appear from the indications found on the previously mentioned claims to be in all likelihood underlaid, at no great depth, by a band of limestone, although such could not be found on the property. Much of the surface of this group is covered, under a light surface wash with an iron capping which is seemingly the result of oxidisation of pyrrhotite, the extent of which has not been determined. The development consists of the West workings, where a pit, 6 to 8 feet deep, has been sunk, in which, along a .slip in the country rock, there is apparently a replacement lead about 6 feet wide, striking S. W. and dipping 60 decrees to west. The lead matter consists of garnet rock, fine-grained and coarse and associated with fainy solid pyrrhotite and white iron, the garnets, in places, being perfect crystals of three-quarters of an inch in diameter. In another place on this part of the claim an open cut 30 feet by 8 feet by 2 to 3 feet deep has been made, exposing a mass of the same class of mineral. In this cut a 6 by 8-foot shaft had been sunk for about 10 feet and had cut through the surface deposit of mineral and into the diorite country rock. The distance between these two openings is about 150 feet and the surface between them indicates the mineral as shown in each to be continuous, but it has not been broken into at any point. Some Soo feet distant from these prospect holes a pit has been sunk for 18 feet. This, at the surface, was in pyrrhotite, said by the management to have assayed $4 per ton, gradually passing into bands of quartz carrying copper pyrites. Tne bottom of the shaft appeared to be in the diorite country rock, here mineralised with copper pyrites. The showing of mineralisation on the surface is certainly very large, but the.fact of its not being overlaid bv rock, couobd with the fact that two shafts cut through it in a very short distance, leads to the belief that the deposit is, here at least, an over-flow surface sheet, the origin of which has still to be found. A sample of the pyrrhotite taken for assay did not show any values of commercial importance. Still another authority was the ridiculous and extravagant statements made by the company in their advertisements in some of the New York daily papers. In fact these statements were so thoroughly ridiculous that when I was spoken to on the subject I at first considered it entirely unnecessary to sound any note of warning because to- my mind it hardly seemed reasonable that any investor would be sufficiently green and gulible to purchase stock after even a casual perusal of the advertisement. But as they say "a sucker is born every minute" on second thoughts I concluded to send the communication to the Engineering and Mining Journal. I did not visit the properties myself during the winter because I would have encountered the same insurmountable difficulties with regard to examining the surface as Mr. Watson very frankly states in his report, he found. I have not visited the property since, for one reason because although Mr. McDougal was in Victoria during the spring and had ample opportunity to interview me on the subject, yet did not do so. I considered the whole matter one of past history, and another reason, beca«se I have not since had the time to spare from my own business to make the trip, THE MINING RECORD. which includes a full day's travel by railroad and lake steamer from Sicamous Junction on the Canadian Pacific Railroad to Pencicton and a long stage, ride from that point to Ollala. For this latter reason, and especially lack of time, I do not expect to visit the property now, but maintain, without fear of contradiction, that my first criticisms were perfectly justifiable and fully warranted. In the interests of legitimate mining in British Columbia I make the above statement and would repeat here my first criticisms did space permit. Only recently I have received a communication from a quite prominent mining man in which the following sentence occurs: "A little while ago Thomas Smitheran, a very experienced miner, mine foreman, went to work for the Ollala Company as foreman and on July 21st, he wrote me 'I have thrown up my job; it was a wild cat outfit.'' I do not wish to> occupy more oi your valuable space, as I consider that the foregoing fully replies to both Mr. Watson's and Mr. McDougal's communication. In fact- with the exception that Mr. Mc- Dougal very adroitly inserts an advertisement in the closing paragraphs of his communication, the balance of his communication cuts no figure because any mining investor who has had reasonable experience can readily see that as a matter of fact he sets forth no claims which would justify the floatation of a company with the enormous capital to which this company has had the audacity to ask the public to subscribe. An analysis of the .statement made by Mr. Mc- Dougal shows such a condition with regard to the whole proposition that it is entirely unnecessary for the writer or any one else to visit the properties to condemn it. He fails to show any reasonable necessity for the building of a railroad for which he has a charter. He fails to show that it is a feasible engineering scheme to construct the road; he fails to show that there is at least reason to imagine there will be any business for the road if it is constructed. Penticton, the Eastern terminus, is a small village at the Southern extremity of the Okanagan Lake; the Western terminus, Princeton, is a small village on the Similkameen River which, in the future may be in direct connection with a railroad from the Canadian Pacific, or possibly from the Coast or Great Northern system. The charter Mr. McDougal has, is for a short line which would connect these two points and be absolutely at the mercy of both systems of railroads referred to unless Mr. McDougal's charter was sold to one or the other of these companies. He is frank enough to state that from the present showing it is difficult to measure up ore in sight. Of course it is, for the simple reason that there is absolute^ no ore blocked out, the development work, from his own statement being of such a character that it would be impossible to estimate any given quantity of ore and it is merely conjectural whether a cross-cut tunnel he refers, to will ever intersect the ore bodv as he hopes.^ As a matter of fact, cross-cut tunnelling in British Columbia has been found in very many cases to be verv disappointing although such a system is advantageous to enable companies to sell stock while a tunnel is being run. In a large, number of cases which have come under the writer's notice, the nurchasers of such stock have had reasons to curse the men who started the tunnel and inveigled them into buying stock. Mr. McDougal also neglects a very important point which the Provincial Mineralogist, in his report has supplied, viz., the values of the ore. Mr. Robertson says in one paragraph of his report, "In this width the copper pyrites were estimated as forming about 5 per cent, of the whole, which would represent a copper assay value of about 1.5 to 2 per cent. The Manager reported that no gold :>r silver values of importance had been obtained, which seems to be confirmed by subsequent assays." In another place 'selected samples of this material showing pronounced mineralization were taken for assay and gave 10.9 per cent copper and 1 oz. silver." Note that in this connection that this assay was from selected samples. In another place "showing a lead from 2 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in. wide, with an ore streak from four to eight inches, reported as carrying good values in gold." Another: "In a sample of the pyrrhotite taken for assay giving only trace of gold and silver and one-half per cent, copper and in a carefully taken average sample from the sides, roof and face of this tunnel, which was supposed to be in the ore body, failed to give, upon assaying, any values in gold, silver or copper, while the average sample of the ore pile on the dump gave an assay of three-quarter percent, copper and trace of gold and silver." In another place "a picked sample of ore herein exposed was taken for assay and gave J.J per cent copper, $12 i i gold and 2.8 oz. in silver, per ton." Note this was a picked sample. The smelter site, town site and water rights which Mr. McDougal claims as valuable, assets owned by the company, would be such in a camp where there are ores susceptible and accessible for profitable treatment, but should not be considered such in the case of the Ollala Company, the writer maintains; because if the reports made by Mr. Watson are carefully read they show that there is very little, if any, ore of such character as would warrant even the staking out of a smelter site, town site or paying the fee for acquiring water rights. The writer regrets having occupied so much space in this reply to Mr. Watson and Mr. McDougal, but is firmly convinced that in the interests of legitimate mining, and in the interests of the Province of British Columbia and the interests of the Engineering and Mining Journal, that he, as the representative of that Journal, is fully justified. WM. M. BREWER. We agree entirely with Mr. Brewer's remarks as contained in the foregoing letters, with the sole exception of the reference to Mr. Watson and his report on the claims. Mr. Watson is quite qualified, as we have on a former occasion stated, to examine and report on mineral prospects, and his report on the Ollala Company's property is most conservatively worded. Mr. Watson, however, has, we fear, made a mistake in endeavouring to champion the company in print, as by so doing he practically endorses the company's absurd assertions as to the value of the property in order to justify the excessive capitalization. It is these exaggerations to which Mr. Brewer takes exception. THE MINING RECORD. 299 A NEW AND PROMISING FREE-MILLING QUARTZ TERRITORY. THE FISH RIVER CAMP. By J. F. Musselman. THE mining activity in that part of the Lardeau mining division now known as the Fish River Camp, properly commenced with the discovery of gold and the sub3equent location on July 8, 1899, of the Eva and adjoin.ng claims, although more or less desultory prospecting had been done prior to that date, a considerable number of claims having been located, and to some extent worked, while from Knew the need of a horn-spoon nor free gold ore when they saw it. The large quartz croppings with which the camp abounds and which constitute its distinctive feature, while full of golden promise, were not highly regarded, consequently were treated with scant attention by more intent only on the discovery of galena, and it is noteworthy that the locators of the Eva were searching for galena when they incidentally or rather accidentally made the discovery in question. These were two enterprising farmer prospectors from an eastern Province, James Tweedie and E. B. Hutchinson, and appeared to differ from their contemporaries, only in that they did not realize the improbability of finding galena in paying quantities in the prominent white croppings on which they went to work; they were also, perhaps, more energetic than the average of their co-workers, 'jWsal -^<0F\ m mm mm *5 wm MM m mm 'M;'jR ^fell m&^imt.^ &?$ Pool Creek. one property, the Beatrice, a small shipment of high grade galena ore was made. Notwithstanding, however that a number of promising galena veins were thus discovered, and have been discovered since, the camp is pre-eminently one of free milling gold ore, and it is to this characteristic that its present prominence is due, and to which it will owe by far the greater measure of its ultimate success and prosperity. It is not recorded that any one of the many prospectors who exploited the camp prior to the date above named, expected to find gold ore, nor that any one of them would have recognized it as such if it had been brought to his attention with- the gold plainly visible. Indeed, in the light of subsequent developments, it may fairly be assumed that none of them so that, by the time they came to recognize their exceedingly good fortune, they had shot a goodly number of tons of very rich ore down the mountain side. The matter of determining what the peculiar yellow metal which they could hammer flat on the anvil could be was one that vexed them much; the possibility that it mieht be gold being entirely too inspiring to merit consideration. However, they decided to show it to a friend in whom they had confidence, which re- si lted in the immediate location of the Eva and other claims, and their subsequent retirement from active prospecting on an assured income. When the news of what these two "tenderfeet" had compassed got abroad, there was an influx of fresh forces, and the "old-timers" suddenly became quite diligent; to-day the camp fairly bristles with 300 THE MININ RECORD. good prospects inviting development, and possesses at least one developed mine, the premier free-milling gold property of the district. Nearly the whole of the area under consideration is occupied by a broad belt of mica scieists, much altered in structure, particularly in the vicinity of and within the zones of fracture, where it is frequently lot n:! to be heavily impregnated with iron pyrites -Fish Creek. carrying low values in gold. This series is bounded on uie east by a granitic formation and on the west bv one of gneiss, extending from thence as far, at h ast, as the Columbia- To the south and east of Pool Creek, and within our territory, there is an apparent irregular intrusion of limestone and slate, bearing some very good silver-lead prospects. The known auriferous veins are thus far confined within the schists, which also contain galena bearing veins, and veins carrying copper sulphide, while zinc blende in small quantities is not infrequently encountered. The Assuring was prolonged, extensive and apparently profound, resulting in a large number of intricate vein systems, the veins having varying dips and strikes, representing different formative periods, carrying different kinds of ore, and, as in the case of the Eva, showing some interesting vagaries in structure. Here we have a well defined fissure, with a width so far as explored, varying from 90 feet to 175 feet, with nearly perpendicular walls, and a strike N. 55 W. The filling consists primarily and mainly of a mineralized schist intermingled with brecciated .quartz stringers, and secondarily of a continuous vein of solid quartz, varying in width, on either wall, and a] series of connecting cross-courses of quartz, which may fill regular fissures or may have been formed by replacement. These cross veins vary from io° to 400 in width, are sometimes broken and mixed with schist, are irregular in outline and divergent in pitch, and are not known to extend beyond either wall of the large fissure. On the other hand, they are displaced at noints of intersection w'th the veins on either wall, thus showing the latter to have been formed last. The whole of the matter contained in the fissure carries values in gold, the more valuable ore occurring in the form of shoots in the veins of quartz, both in those following the walls and in the cross courses, the richest ore being found at inter- 1 cting points. The fissure has been definitely traced on the H/va for a distance of 2,000 feet, but that it is of much greater extent is indicated by the developments on other properties located on the line of its strike. The large croppings, which are a distinctive feature of this property, and of the belt in which it is located, were left in their present exposed condition by the erosion of the surrounding rocks, which are of a less durable nature. The section of country with which this article has to do is one rectangular in shape, some 25 miles long by 20 miles wide, beginning some three or four miles up Fish River from its mouth, and from the head of navigation on Arrow Lake; being divided into two nearly equal parts by this river by which it is drained, extending lattery to the summit of the water shed on either side, and in its length slightly W. of N. The most important creeks dropping into Fish River within its area on the east side, beginning at the northern extremity, are as follows : Battle, Glac'er, Kellie, Boyd, Ruby. Silver, Lexington and Pool; those on the west: McDougal, Bullar, McRae, Sable, Scott and Menhinick. The waters of the opposite slopes fall, those on the east into Duncan Piver and so into Kootenay Lake, and those on the west into the Columbia River. In confirmation, the country is decidedly brusque and rugged- From the Fish River flats the mountains rise abruptly, sometimes precipitously; irregular in outline, furrowed and seamed with clefts and gorges, attaining to great heights, many of them bearing on their crests a perpetual burden of ice and snow, and chaotic in arrangement, they the sublime in th( lir^f features. Frcmi the head of navigation on Upper Arrow encompass leir massive proportions and start- Fish River Bridge, at Goldfields. Lake, the camp is easily reached by either of two pas a\le wagcn roads, the one beginning at Beaton on the east side of the N.E. arm of Arrow Lake and the other at Comaplix on the west side, following up opposite sides of Fish River they both end at Camborne, about seven miles distant, where a quasi-suB- THE MINING RECORD. stantial bridge has been built across the river. From Camborne the country is well served with trails in every direction. Camborne is a bustling, thriving ]iftie town, and is the present centre of activity for the entire district, though she has a young but promising rival in the field some three miles further up the river. Comaplix and Beaton have a twice daily steamer service from Arrowhead, nine miles distant. nni JP yBH Camborne Mountain, Showing Camborne Group in the Foreground. Arrowhead is the terminal of a branch line of the C.P.R., which leaves the main line at Revelstoke, 28 miles to the north, and is reached from all points south by daily steamer on Arrow Lake. Comaplix appears to have a decided advantage over Beaton in her superior landing and wharfage facilities. A line of ra.lrcad connecting Trout Lake with /•rrowh.ad has been surveyed through Camborne, and, sooner or later, will undoubtedly be built. This wi.l give an all-rail communication with points east and west via the main line C.P.R., as well as more drect communication with all points south. The different creeks flowing into Fish River are taken to form the most practical basis for a classi- fica ion and brief mention of the different properties in the camp that have gained some repute- POOL CREEK. In point of location and amount of work done, the Eva is the premier free-milling gold property of the camp and district. Other properties there may be, and undoubtedly are, that have as good showings as had the Eva at the same stage of development, but the Eva, with 2,000 feet of underground work done, with one ore shoot 200 feet long, and from 1 foot to 6 feet wide of $30 ore, developed to a depth of nearly 3:0 feet, and another ore shoot 200 feet long and from 10 feet to 15 feet wide of $6 to $8 ore, developed to a depth of over 100 feet, with immense bodies of lower grade ore developed to greater or lesser depth by other underground workings, and with several fine surface showings exposed by open cuts and strip- pings, but not yet under cut, needs only the installation of a reduction plant to qualify as a profitable producer. The Eva has had its periods of elation and depression, as have most mining properties in the earlier stages of their development, but, though it has been owned or controlled by different parties at different times, development work has been steadily prosecuted since its location. Except for a brief period of time, when it was under bond to other parties, it has been in the possession of the Imperial Development Syndicate, Ltd., of Nelson, since October 17, 1900, and,. under the management of Mr. A. H. Gracey,. development work has been carried forward with commendable zeal and intelligence. The Eva is located on Lexington Mountain, on the north side of Pool Creek, about "ij miles from its junction with Fish River, and has adjoining it a goodly number of most promising properties. The Cholla Group to the south and west of the Eva, and owned by the same company, has a 4-J-foot vein of free-mill'ng ore running from $5 to $10 per ton; besides several open cuts, a 70-foot tunnel has been driven on this vein. The Oyster-Criterion and the Imperial Groups, south and east of the Eva, have at llfst two well defined free-milling gold veins and one galena vein; the latter cutting across the former ana carrying good values in gold, silver and lead. Considerable surface work has been done on the aurifer- oti" veins, one of which is from 8 feet to 2q feet in width and the other from 4 feet to 17 feet. The latter has been traced on the surface a distance of 7oo fee*, and a sir ft fo feet in deoth has been sunk on it in the bo*torn of which specimen ore is found. TW1-, these groups have recently been nurchased by the Oph:r-I ade Syndicate, W. B. Pool, manager. The L'-ckv Tack G'-oup, adjoining the Oyster-Criterion, and owned bv Messrs- Butler, Rowland and D Interior Power Plant, Camborne Group, also has a fine showing of free-gold ore in a vein 15 ve:n. feet wide, as well as a promising galena bearing v<„.u. On and crossing Pool Creek, just above its mouth, are the Eulie and Sir Wilfrid Groups, with sevcra fine veins of quartz showing, in different places, cu- W2 THE MINING RECORD. "i touraging values in gold. Just above the Sir Wilfred is the Harvey Group with an 150 foot tunnel on a well defined vein of quartz and iron carrying values in gold. Above the Harvey and if miles from the mouth of the creek, the Eclipse has a good showing of copper,"lead and iron sulphides. The vein has been cross cut at the end of an 190 foot tunnel, where it is found to be 20 feet wide. At the mouth of Mo- !f§aii§i#Pa Power House and Office, Camborne Group. hawk Creek, a south tributary to Pool Creek, are the Moscow and Mohawk Groups. Considerable work has been done and the prospects appear to justify considerably more. A little further up Pool Creek are located the Pontiac, Shakespeare and Rio Tinto Groups, all having good veins inviting development. On Camp Creek, another south tributary to Pool, a iot of new locations, said to cover good veins of quartz, have been made. About five miles up Pool Creek, we come to the lime and slate formation, referred to under a preceding topic. In this belt are found the finest galena showings in the camp. The Alma Group, owned by Toronto parties, has 4 feet of clean ore, in a lime and slate contact, running $50 per ton in gold, silver and lead. The Western Star Group, on the opposite side of the creek, has just been purchased by a party of Elwood, Ind., capitalists. The ore is similar in character to that of the Alma. The Black Bear Group on a creek of the same name, one of the headwaters of Pool, is well equipped with cabins and mine furniture, and has considerable work done on good showings of galena ore. The Wide West Group has three veins in sight, two of which are opened by a cross-cut tunnel now in over 500 feet; the third should be cut in a short distance. The ore carries values in gold, silver and lead- The Hunter and Trapper Group, near the Wide West, can produce some high grade ore, but little work has as yet been done. On Mohawk Creek is situated one of the best known properties of the camp, the Beatrice, which has made several shipments of $100 ore, and which, it is believed, will again be placed om the shipping list by the , completion of a long tunnel, now being driven. One hundred and twenty-five feet from the portal of this tunnel, a 4-foot "blind" lead of free- milling gold ore was struck, but has not been developed. Other properties, with apparently fine prospects, in the vicnity of the Beatrice, are the Silver Crown and Mountain Boy Groups, owned by Magee and Girard; the Si.ver Dollar-Carbona'e Hill Group, owned by Joe Best, and the Smith Group, the latter having 4 feet of iron sulphide running $40 per ton in gold. The Strutt-McKay Group at the mouth of Mohawk Creek, boasts, at the present writing, the ^test rich strike in camp; specimen ore from a veir in place is freely exhibited. MENHINICK CREEK. The Camborne Group of nine claims, covering a mile and a half of the course of this creek, is owned Ore Dump, No. 6 Tunnel Eva Mine. by the Northwestern Development Syndicate, Ltd., of Nelson, B. C, and Hancock, Mich., with head office at Nelson. This property is believed to be located on the Eva lode, to which considerable at- ttDtl2n haS been ^Ven in thi-s ^de, ^d possesses the finest surface showings of free gold ore to be E MINING RECORD. 303 seen in the camp. No work at depth has been done, but under the efficient and energetic management of Mr. H. Z. Brock, of Hancock, Mich., this defect is in a fair way of being* overcome Since the first of April, roads and trails have been ma.de, several substantial and commodious camp buildings have been erected, a ioo HP. electrical power plant has been asmma Ore Dump, No. 3 Tunnel, Eva Mine. installed, and three electric drills are now in successful operation driving their respective pieces of work ahead, in obstinate ground, at the rate of 4 feet per shift of 8 hours. The camp is lighted by electric tv, and has other handy conveniences which its excellent water power makes possible at small cost. The company has secured a half interest in the Gold- fields townsite at the foot of the claims, and in 12,- ooo aeres of splendid timber land bordering Fish River. A 10-stamp mill and a saw mill have been ordered and are probably now in transit. Adjoining the uppermost claim of the Camborne Group on the northwest is the Independence, with a large showing of free-milling and concentrating ore on which a tunnel is now being driven. Of f- e other numerous claims located on every side of the Camborne, the Canada-Strathcona and the Cedar Grove and Trust Groups may be selected as being most worthy of mention. Each of these have good veins of quartz. SCOTT CREEK. On this creek, a few miles north of Menhinick, the Lost Cup has a good vein of likely looking quartz and iron, and above are the DeBeers and Swamp Angel Groups, with large showings of quartz and galena. The Sunset Group at the head of the creek, has some very high grade silver-lead ore. It is under bond to parties who are driving a* tunnel, now in 50 feet. The Golden Cache, near the mouth of the creek, has a well defined vein of good looking material in place on which a tunnel is now being driven A larj of new loca'ions have recently been made. number RUBY SILVER AND BOYD CREEKS Traceabl on the surface from Ruby Silver Creek across Goat Mountain to Bovd Creek is a' vein of galena ore some 25 feet in width. The vein is well mineralized throughout, and while there has been but little work done, it is known to contain payable shoots of ore. The Goldsmith Group is the princpal property on this vein. Two galena prospects of good repute are the Glen- gary and Kootenay Chief at head of Bovd Creek. Menhenick Creek Falls, Camborne Group. FI5H RIVER SLOPE. Between Pool Creek and Lexington several properties with good showings Creek are of free gold 304 THE MINING RECORD. ore of which the Kingston, Brunswick and Copper DoLar are perhaps the best. For information concerning a number of the properties mentioned, of which I have no personal knowledge, I am much indebted to Mr. Cory Menhinick, Oi Camborne. It being manifestly impossible to give all of the hundreds of claims in the camp even the briefest no- t.ce, attention has been confined to those that, by their showings and work done, at present appear most worthy of consideration; in this, my purpose has been •honest, and if any claims have been made unduly prominent, while others of greater merit have been overlooked, I hereby ask absolution for such sins of ^.c mmission and omission. With sufficient timber of excellent quality immediately at hand for every possible local requirement fo ■ a long term of years, and some, besides, for expo: t; with a number of perpetually rolling and tumbling mountain streams ready to furnish the cheapest power at places needed, and in any required amount: with large bodies of ore, developed and apparent, of a character, in the main, permitting the cheapest form of extraction; with a temperate climate, and) a large acreage of fertile soil, bordering Fish River, suitable to the growth of! all kinds of grains, fruits and vegetables known to such climate; with very o-ood transportation facilities now available, and with be't-r still in prospect; with all these incomparable re-ources and advantages, active and latent, the fu- 'vy of the Fish River Camp not only looks very bright, but is practically assured. FEW NOTES UPON GOLD DREDGING* By F. Satchell Clarke. A GREAT deal of attention has been paid of late years to gold dredging upon the rivers and placers of the Pacific Coast and Xorth-West Territories down to Lower California, and. generally, a quantity of literature has been published by various papers and authors upon this subject, but, with one or two exceptions, little has been written by those having a direct and intimate knowledge of this form cf mining. This is really what is to be expected in any class of tentative work, for that is what it really has amounted fo in British Columbia. Any work in which the experts are few will always cause to arise a host of empirics willing to learn at the expense of others. Gold dredging in British Columbia, instead of being the leading mining industry owing to its enormous extent of auriferous gravels, has been so marred by such empiricism and marked with many failures by reasons so palpable to the writer, that it has often occurred to him to ask with amazement "what kind of business men are these who invest their money without having a consulting engineer in dredging to advise them? ' A consulting engineer is always necessary with other mining, yet in this instance, in Avork that above all requires a specialist to advise, matters are left to run with the promoter, or quondam manager who may be appointed. Tn New Zealand, the home of this industry, the work of recommending the claim and the actual details *From a paper read before the Canadian Mining Institute. and construction of the dredge with its design is left to the consulting engineer, who is necessarily an expert in designing and actually operating gold dredges, and stands between the owner of the claim, or rather, to. sp.ak more correctly, the intending buyer of the claim and all other parties, and is merely paid a salary for a specified time, or a fee to cover the intending operations until the plant is completed. This proceeding saves both the buyer getting a claim sod principally by the silver tongue of an interested party, and in another case building a faultily designed plant, foisted upon the first party by some of the would-be experts connected therewith. The chief and prime cause of these failures which form the subject matter of this article has been the appointment of managers who, prior to holding their position, were without the slightest knowledge of this class of work, simply because in most cases he is, or becomes, a stockholder, or had possibly sold the claim to the investor, and according to the old and obsolete custom still retained in placer mining, "who so able to manage a claim as the large shareholder, as he is looking after his own interests as well as ours."- Never was a greater fallacy more exemplified than in dredge mining history in British Columbia. A little desultory reading in the mining papers and reports gathered of what other dredges are doing and the manager blossoms forth into the dredge expert. After the appointment follows the usual trip to New Zealand, California, or other places, to investigate the best type of dredge suitable, for the claim. It appears to the writer equivalent to appointing a manager to quartz mine and then sending him round to other mines to find out the best way to work the mine. He may, of course, return with the right ideas, but in the confusion of different opinions and dredges he has seen, it would be a matter of chance than otherwise, and his advice to his principals would be merely "the blind leading the blind." In some cases he returns with exaggerated ideas that he is getting the right machine and no other, and of course probably has been talked into it by the ready-tongued agent of some manufacturing company, or taken by the advertisements of some concern. Now, no matter how excellent the work of the. manufacturing engineers is, he is unable to tell from his inexperience whether they are right or wrong in the details of general design. Then another class of managers are the persistent billet-hunters, who must be included among the causes of these failures, as these men are ready to take any job, provided there is a salary attached, no matter how ill their qualifications may fit in to the work. NoW to turn to the different types of dredges used. There are many engineers and persons still in existence who cling persistently to the centrifugal pump as a means of dealing with auriferous gravels. This process has been exploded years ago in the great dredging centres. As a rule, with rare exceptions, gold gravels are composed of rough boulders averaging anywhere from io in. in diameter, and mixed up with a compound of sand, fine gravel and clay, forming what is known in mining parlance as "a tight wash." It is almost impossible to work this by a pump, owing to the almost cemented qualities of this wash, and the throat of no pump has yet been made strong enough to stand the impact of the gravels, should the pump strike an occasional body of loose THE MINING RECORD. 305 gravel, and then it is superfluous work, as loose gravel seldom carries any gold. In spite of the repeated failures in New Zealand, California, the Snake River, and many other places, even to the Mawdach Gold Dredging Co., in gallant little Wales, where an attempt was made to dredge for gold at Barmouth; an enormous amount of money was wasted at Ruby Creek, upon the Fraser River, in trying to make a centrifugal pump dredge for gold. Interluding a little foreign news, after having seen the Barmouth gold dredging claims, I will undertake to say that with a properly constructed dredge there should have been a ^andsome investment for the stockholders. This may seems news to some, but there is quite a large extent of auriferous country in Wales. Next to the centrifugal pump came a giant clamshell dredge, which was built some years ago at Lytton, upon the Fraser River. This was the old mud dredger system applied by a pair of semi-circular steel plate self-shutting shells, very like its patronymic in appearance, and lowered to the bottom of the river by means of chains. On lowering these into the river, two almost insurmountable difficulties were met with; in the first instance, the strong current carried the clams under the bottom of the scow upon which the machinery was placed, and rendered it nearly impossible to bring it up full. The next trouble was that when the clams did bite into the gravels, a boulder or large stone would be held between the jaws, and by keeping them that distance apart would allow the whole of the finer gravels and gold to escape back into the river. This experiment cost the unfortunate shareholders $60,000 before knowing it was a failure. After this came an attempt to exploit the gravels by means of a,caisson or air-lock, by which men went down to the bottom of the river and by hand labour passed the gravel into an air-lock, and from there to the deck, where it was treated by means of an ordinary rocker. Owing to the writer being brought into a controversy over this machine by the promoters, the project was killed by the caustic remarks made about the enormous cost in labour and steam to bring up a yard of gravel yielding probably 25 to 30 cents from the bed of the Fraser. The writer was working a ladder dredge upon ground over which a pneumatic dredge had passed and thoroughly prospected according to its ability and found too poor to work, which turned in to the shareholders for some years over 10c per cent, per annum clear of all working expenses. Later upon the scene of dredging operations came the dipper dredge. This, as far as working a hole in the gravel, is moderately effective, and many of this type have been built and launched upon the Fraser and the Saskatchewan rivers. Yet there are great stumbling blocks to the use of this type as a gold dredger. Chief among these are the want of mobility in handling it in a rapid river, the great cost in working them (they require at the least 5 men per shift under favourable circumstances, as against 2 men of the bucket and ladder type), the intermittent discharge, the comparatively small cubic measurement of gravel actually worked in a week's run, and, worse than all. the inability to make a direct side-cut across a river or bar, thereby enabling the ground to be worked upon a face, and thus systematically clean up the bed-rock, or depth it is found necessary to go with the dredger. These points will always militate against it as a dividend-producing machine, except under very and exceptionally favourable circumstances. All of this class of dredge which were built upon the Fraser and other places near, have been started with a great flourish of trumpets (one was started last year), only to end disastrously. One manager of these dredges told the writer that his ground averaged 25.cents to the yard, and in the lower depths considerably more, yet he could not pay dividends owing to his intermittent digging I understand that at 20 feet the gravel ran to as much as $3.00 per yard, but he was unable to keep his cut open long enough to take more than an occasional bite at it, for the reasons mentioned above. The first plant to work the Fraser River in its rapid current and heavy gravels successfully was one of the bucket and ladder type, built in 1899 in England under the writer's supervision upon New Zealand plans, altered slightly to suit the conditions met with in this country. This is known as the .Cobbledick dredge, and is now under another name, "The Fraser River Dredging Co." This plant failed dismally the first year to pay anything, although quite an amount of gold was won, owing to the want of experience of the then manager—who was also a large stockholder—made by selling the investors the claim. He was a clever man with extravagant ideas, and threw ihe old company into debt. It was reorganized, and under the present management is paying moderately well, and the wrter has no doubt but that when those at the head of affairs have gained more experience, the company will pay handsome dividends upon its present capital. Some Eastern capital, after seeing this plant work, decided to place a simiar type, but of more powerful design, upon the North Thompson River, 15 miles north of Kamloops, and the writer was instructed to prepare plans for the same. The whole of this machinery was built in Canada by the Wm. Hamilton Manufacturing Co., of Peterborough, who, to their credit, made a vast improvement upon the New Zealand and British work. This dredge is capable of lifting from a depth of 40 feet below water, washing, treating, and stacking the coarse stones and boulders to a height of 30 feet astern of the dredge, a guaranteed capacity of 2,000 cubic yards of gravel per day, and cutting its channel through a flat of 20 feet in height. The girder, or ladder as it is known,, for carrying the continuous bucket chain, is of the box type, built of i in. by 3 ft. 9 in. steel plate, tapering from the centre to a depth of 3 ft. at each end. The lower, or digging end, carries a five-faced cast steel tumbler, which weighs over 6,000 lbs. (also cast in Canada). This ladder runs in a fore-and-aft line from a radius point 60 feet back from the forward end of the scow, and extends forward and outside of the nose of the scow a distance of 10 feet; jthis latter fact enables the dredge to cut its own way when necessary, and keeps a channel open for the boat. The bucket chain, or belt, consists of 35 heavy built- up steel plate buckets, with their necessary connecting links, each having an approximate capacity of slightly less than 6 cubic feet. There are also at mid- "'rflfl 306 THE MINING RECORD. distances upon this belt two large powerful rock picks, for tearing up bed-rock. The belt travels along the ladder upon rollers fitted upon the ladder itself. The buckets have hard steel links rivetted to the bottoms, which are bushed with manganese steel bushes to prevent abrasion, these bushes take the manganese steel coupling pins which connect the buckets to the connecting links between each pair of buckets. Manganese is the only metal so far known to be able to stand the enormous wear and tear that takes place in the couplings of the buckets. At the mouth of each bucket there is rivetted a heavy steel reinforcement or cutting lip, which is detachable and renewable when worn out, thus retaining the life of the bucket. The upper tumbler, which is the driving sprocket, is square and also is a steel casting; this is driven by a heavy, half-shrouded, square-geared wheel of 4 in. pitch keyed upon the tumbler shaft, and then by means of pinion gear and belting from the main engine. The speed of the top tumbler is 6£ revolutions per minute, which gives a bucket speed of 13 per minute, or a theoretical delivery of 172 yards of gravel per hour. In practice it is found best to deliver about 120 yards per hour, to enable the tables to clear themselves. The gear is driven by a 22-inch belt from a tandem compound surface condensing engine, 10 in. and 20 in. cylinders by 16 in. stroke, running 150 revolutions per minute.. The gravel drops into a heavy, steel-lined shoot, and falls by gravitation into the revolving screen 5 feet in diameter by 24 long, and perforated with graduated holes from 5-16 in. to 7-16 in. At the upper end of the screen is rivetted a steel gear for driving it the necessary revolutions, and this in turn is driven by a steel pinion keyed upon an intermediate shaft running from the main gear shafting. The screen is held in position by 4 rollers 24 in. in diameter, which revolve against a steel wearing band rivetted round the screen. After the gravel has been sifted through this screen, the refuse is delivered into the stacker buckets by gravitation, and is conveyed by the stacker to the distance of 20 feet astern of the dredge, and clear of any trouble the plant may experience by sitting upon its tailings. The length of this stacker is 50 feet, and as it is little more than an ordinary elevator made much stronger for the large stones, etc., there need be no description given. The water for washing the gravel, both in the screen and on the tables, is supplied by a 12 in. centrifugal pump, driven by a belt direct from the compound engine, and throws a body of water at the rate of 2,600 gals, per minute through the surface condenser, which has the effect of slightly warming the water to about 45 dcg., thereby preventing it from freezing upon the tables in cold weather, thence through a perforated pipe leading down the whole length of the screen. The water and fine gravel carrying the gold then falls through the screen into a cast-iron distributing box with shut-off gates each side, and through these gates evenly distributed to the tables set each side of the screen, and at right angles to its iength. The tables for catching the gold are arranged in steps or drops similar to the deposition of a batterv table, towards the sides of the pontoons, and the^ dirt is carried thence astern by a common launder. These tables have a width equal to the perforations of the screen, in this particular case 19 feet wide by 19 feet long, each respective table making a total superficial area of 361 feet, exclusive of the launders and other catch-alls. They are of wood, and in operation are first covered bv calico, then cocoa-nut matting, overlain by expanded metal. This latter is found by long experience to be unexcelled for catching fine gold, in fact the percentage of gold which is lost upon dredges equipped in this way is very small. That these tables are capable of saving gold extremely fine has been shewn by accurate measurements taken by trial from dredges actually in operation, by Mr. J. B. Jacquct, Government Geologist to New South Wales. A sample of gold from similar tables was weighed, and found to be about two grains in weight, which had been sifted through a sieve of 3,600 holes to the inch, was again sifted through one of 4,900 holes, and the gold which passed through sorted under powerful lens. One hundred of the smallest of these pieces were thus ^elected and examined under a microscope. Measured with a micrometer, their dimensions in fractions varied between 0.009 by 0.006 and 0.003 by 0.002, the mean of twenty measurements being 0.0065 by 0.0042. The hundred particles were then carefully weighed, and found to have a mass of 0.097 of a grain. The mean weight of the pieces was therefore 0.00097 of a grain, or a little nnder one-thousandth of a grain. Several experiments also gave similar results. As the life and working capabilities of a gold dredger depend upon the ease and rapidity with which it can be handled, especially in a rapid current, a careful design was shewn in the manouvering winch. This is of most powerful design and construction, consisting of six barrels, self-contained, within one frame. The first barrel is a double-geared drum to carry the 1,500 feet of 1% in. steel cable for the headline, which keeps the dredge up to her position in the face of the dirt which it is working. The second drum carries the ladder hoisting line, and lifts or lowers the buckets into the gravel, being used extensively by the winch operator. The other four drums are in pairs, and are used for bow and stern lines respectively. The whole are driven by a pair of vertical 8 by 10 engines with reversing gear, whose main shaft is coupled direct upon a 6 in. worm shaft running the whole length of the frame carrying the drums. The worm shaft has three Hindley patent worms cut out of the solid shaft opposite each pair of barrels, and these worms revolve a 48 in. tangent wheel keyed upon the shaft of the drums. Each drum has patent friction clutches with powerful brakes attached also, and is therefore controlled independently of the others by the single operating winchman working a set of levers in a quadrant by the side of the frame. The hull of this dredge is built of fir, and the frame i? strengthened by heavy 10 in. by 16 in. chime logs running fore and aft, and braced by a simi-Howe truss of 6 in. by 8 in. timbers. The planking is 3 in. by 12 in., 4 in. by 12 in., and- 6 in. by 12. The framing - for carrying the top tumbler and gearing is brought up to a height of 40 feet above deck,'and forms a main hogmast to both hold up the stacker and prevent the hogging of the pontoons, a frequent source of trouble with ladder dredges. THE MINING RECORD. 307 The total weight of the ladder, buckets, tumblers, and links is 43 tons, whilst the total weight of machinery is 150 tons. After this description is would not be amiss to fob j low up a little of her career. The plant worked well, but, alas! in this case, it was not the management that was in fault, as latterly they had a first-class dredge operator from the Snake River, but the paucity of the claim in gold. As far as the writer's knowledge goes, the claim was bought principally upon the reports.made by the sellers, and whether these were good or bad is not within the writer's province to discuss. It suffices to say that beyond a thin layer of sand and gravel of about an inch in depth upon the surface, no gold was found below that, neither disseminated through the gravel underneath this layer nor upon the clay bottom met with at a depth of from 15 to 20 feet. A further fact was brought to light during the operations of this dredger, viz.: that there was, with a few exceptions, no gravel met with in the middle of the river, nothing but a bare clay bottom into which the dredger dug for a depth of 8 feet to see if there was gravel underneath this strata. Yet, showing how a dredger may fail with a fortune in sight, within a few miles was a mass of gravel which certainly carried a minimum of 25 cents per cubic yard, and the working expenses under careful management should not amount to over 3 cents per cubic yard. However, so disgusted were the owners with the financial results, that as soon as winter came on they shut down without a further effort to look elsewhere. As would be natural in this instance, the claim sellers around blamed everything and everybody except the paucity of gold in the claim. One quondam claim seller and expert went so far as to state that a large quantity of "invisible gold" (!) was being lost in the tailings. Another, after showing all and sundry visitors (before the dredge commenced operations) the brilliant showing there was upon the surface, stated all that was necessary to make the claim a success was a cyanide plant (!) to treat the gravel and black sands. It shows how careful one should be in investigating the values of a claim, and not to rely upon the general remarks of those particularly interested. As a rule, with rare exceptions, one certain sign of good payable dredging ground is the immediate vicinity of sluicing or rocking operations, other dredging conditions being present. This, at any rate, determines the fact that payable gold is near, and there is a strong probability that a proposition may be looked into for dredging. Upon the North Thompson River these operations were conspicuous by their absence. Upon the upper reaches of this river called the Clearwater, I understand there are claims worth looking into, and as to the Lower and South Thompsons no person can dispute their richness, but the gold seems to have been cut out from this river by the dividing range. As a matter of fact, there is no class of mining so profitable and so certain of financial results as gold dredging, provided the conditions given of gold present, workable ground, and a good machine. These points can only be determined by the expert, and not by the average engineer, as is generally imagined. The business then really comes within the realm of an industrial proposition, producing large dividends for many years, being merely a question of value of ground in gold, with a constant factor of cost in production. The average figure for handling gravels with a bucket and ladder dredge should not at the outside limit exceed 3-| cents per cubic yard, including labour, fuel, etc. The writer some years ago dredged gold gravels for over twelve months at the rate of 2 cents per yard. Given, then, the actual value of gravels by expert prospecting and drill holes in any number, it becomes merely the every-day industry of machine mining. New eZaland has been quoted and referred to so often that one is almost afraid to mention that country in connection with dredging, but the Government returns of gold won and dividends paid by the whole of the dredges working there show an average of 30 per cent, profit. Some, in fact, of their dredges produce something like 600 per cent, per annum upon their capital. Members can judge what this means to the investor. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MINING OPERATIONS, PUMPING AND HAULING PLANT, ETC., AT THE COMOX COLLIERY. By Jno. Matthews. THESE coal measures belong to the Cretaceous formation. The strike of the coal usually lies east and west. The direction of the dip is N. E-, but varies in places owing to the number of anti- clinals and synclinals which occur. The dip varies from 1 in 5 to 1 in 15. The coal is of a very compact nature, and contains 62% fixed, carbon. It is an excellent coking coal, and is recognized as the best steam coal mined on the Pacific coast. It is used by the British and American navies. I Coal was discovered here about thirty years ago, but active operations were not begun until 1885, when the late Hon. Robt. Dunsmuir with his copartners, i.e., Southern Pacific Railway Company, began the development of the discovery. The mines are located near the town of Cumberland, distant about twelve miles from the shipping wharf, Union Bay, Baynes Sound, and connected by a standard gauge railroad. The different units of the plant are located at Union Bay and at the several mines. There are three mines in active operation, viz., No. 4 slope, Nos. 5 and 6 pits, the two latter of which are worked by shafts. No. 4 slope is situated at the edge of the Comox Lake, and about two miles distant from Cumberland. It is the largest mine here, and one of the most extensive coal mines in the Province. It is worked by three slopes, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. No. 2 slope branches off No. 1 at an angle of 450, and at a distance of seventy-five yards from its mouth. No. 3 slope branching off No. 2, also at an angle of 450, about five hundred feet from its junction with No. 1 slope. No. 1 slope is down 7,500 feet, with an average pitch of 70 30". No 2 slope has been driven IP 308 THE MINING RECORD. to a distance of 6,500 feet, with an average dip of 14°, and No. 3 slope is down about one mile, having the same grade as No. 1 slope. This mine is worked by. the pillar and stall system, the coal having an average thickness of four feet. This mine also produces commercial fire-clay, which is made into fire-brick at Union Bay. The plant of this mine consists of twelve double return flue steel shell boilers of about 50 nominal H. P., set in three batteries. One battery of four boilers is used to supply steam to the haulage-engine. One of four boilers to supply motive power to drive the electric plant, and two steam pumps placed near the mouth of the slope for the purpose of pumping the surface water. The plant has an aggregate of about 600 nominal I LP. Haulage Plant.—This is installed some distance from the mouth of the slope. It is a duplex first motion engine, having cylinders 24x36, four drums 6 feet in diameter, two tail ropes and two haulage drums. This engine has a massive foundation of concrete and stone work. The tail rope drums are placed directly in front or tandem of the haulage drums. The engine has a hauling capacity of 16,000 tons per day (two shifts) from the great distances above mentioned. It was built by the Danville Foundry Co., of Danville, 111. Steel cables (1 inch in diameter) are used, and haul eleven cars of coal at a "trip," each car of which contains one and a half tons of coal. The cars are hauled up a trestle from the mouth of the slope onto the pit-head and run into a Phillips automatic crossover car tip, then dumped onto a screen which divides the coal into two sizes, the small size falling directly into the twenty-ton railway cars, and the large size or round coal falls onto an endless conveying belt, where all the rock is picked out before the belt delivers the coal into the cars. Electricity is the power used for pumping and lighting purposes. This plant consists of a 100 HP. Edison generator, driven by an Armington & Sims engine—an 80 H.P. dynamo built by the United Electric Lighting Co., of Springfield, 111., being coupled by belt to an Ideal engine and a 100 H.P. generator built by the Westinghouse Manufacturing Co., driven by a Ball engine. There are seven electric motive driven pumps placed in different parts of the mine, two of 50 H.P. and five of 25 H.P. It was necessary to flood the lower part of this' mine last summer in order to extinguish a mine fire, which orginated at No. 9 pumping station, about two- thirds of a mile down No. 1 slope. The water is now being rapidly taken out. Work will be resumed in the upper portion of the flooded area, in about three month's time- Fortunately for the company and the men engaged working in this mine, there was a large section of unworked ground above the flooded district. The exploitation of this area has enabled the company to Iceep about two-thirds of the miners formally employed at work. There are about two hundred and seventy-five men employed under ground in this mine, which produces from 800 to 900 tons per day. Ventilating Plant.—This consists of a Guibal fan, 30x11, driven by a pair of 14-inch coupled .engines, which causes 110,000 cubic feet of air per minute to flow through the mine, which carries away the powder smoke, noxious gases, etc. The machine and electric repair shops are located here. No. 5 Pit.—Worked by a shaft, which is 600 feet deep, and is located about three-quarters of a mile in a northerly direction from the town of Cumberland.. - This mine is worked by the long-wall method, having been in operation about six years. The coal averages 34 to % feet thick, being very compact and of a superior quality. There are about two hundred men employed in this mine. Plant.—There is a battery of six two-return flue boilers of 50 H.P. each. A coupled hoisting engine 30x60 (Corliss valves), with a drum 15 inches in diameter, built by the Albion Iron Works, Victoria, B.C., a i-^-inch steel cable is used to hoist the coal and the men from the mine. The underground plant consists of a duplex Prescott pump, 20x7x18, which pumps- the water to the surface at one lift; a hauling engine which hauls coal out of the slope. The Pit-Head —This is built of Douglas fir, and is 70 feet from collar of shaft to bearings of pullies. The coal is dumped into the shute and treated in the same manner as at No. 4 slope. This mine is joined to the main road by a branch line of about three-quarters of a mile long. Ventilating Plant.—This is a Guibal fan, 15x5, driven by a single engine. It produces about 75,000 cubic feet per minute, running at 102 revolutions per minute, which keeps the mine in a sanitary condition. No. 6 Pit.—This pit lies adjacent to the city of Cumberland, and is of the same depth as No. 5 pit (6oo feet). The hoisting and pit-head arrangements are similar to those at No. 5 pit. There is a battery of 450-H.P. boilers, of the same pattern and size as those described above. They were built by the Alb;on Tron Works, Victoria, B.C. Th*s mine is not so extensive as the others, having been working for about two years only. There are about 150 men employed in this mine. A Worthing- ton pump 20x7x10, stationed at the bottom of the shaft keens the mine clear of water. This mine is also worked by the long-wall method. There is a blacksmith's shop and carpenter's shop, -here, where all the railroad cars are built and re- pa;red. This mine is connected with No. 5 pit by a pair of drirts of about a mile in length. A Guibal fan 15x5 feet is the ventilating agent. Preparations are being made to open up another mine (No. 8). It is situated about two miles in a westerly direction from No. 4 slope, and on the same strike. The out-crop being traceable (with few breaks) from No. 4 slope in an almost direct line past No. 8 to Brown's River, a distance of four miles. This mine will be joined to the branch line at No. 5 p't bv a road of four miles in length,, three of which have already been built. Union Bay.—The shipping wharf, coke ovens, coal washer and brick yard are located here. There are one hundred coke ovens, seventy being in actual operation. The slack coal is elevated into a Luhrig washer, having a capacity of five hundred tons for ten hours, is washed and dumped into a large bunker, from there into cars and conveyed by different branch lines over the coke ovens, where they empty their contents as desired. The ovens are of the bee-hive style, and contain each about five tons to a charge, which produces about three tons of coke. — ■b mmtm THE MINING RECORD. 309 There is a battery of three egg-end boilers, which furnish motive power for washer and brick yard. Both fire-brick and common brick are made here. There is also a large coal bunker having a capacity of four thousand tons, in which the coal is stored during the absence of shipping. City of Cumberland.—It is the residential town for the mi"rrs and others engaged in and about the nines, having a population of twenty-five hundred. Its situa'ion is admirable, being on rather high g ound, having a gentle slope to the south and east. A splendid svstem of water works supplies the town with water- Tt is taken from Hamilton Lake, situated about three miles from the town, at an elevation of about 500 feet above the city, giving over 200 pounds pressure per square inch. A orivate companv is now engaged installing an electrie lighting and telephone system. THE LITHARGE PROCESS OF ASSAYING COPPER-BEARING ORES AND PRODUCTS AND THE METHOD OF CALCULATING CHARGES* By Walter G. Perkins, Grand Forks, B. C. IN the assay of copper-bearing material for gold and silver, the elimination of copper before the final cupellation is of course essential, because any copper left in the lead-button will carry gold into the cupel; and a method which wi 1 effectively remove the copper with the smallest amount of manipulation is desirable. The scorification method i> often rendered long and tedious by the necessity of repeatedly re-scorifying the button-—to sav nothing of the risk of losing Au-Ag thereby incurred. An ore carrying, for instance, 10 per cent, of copper and only 0.1 or 0.2 oz. gold per ton, cannot be scorified with accurate results, because so many portions would have to be taken in order to get enough gold for weighing. On the other hand, the crucible method, with potassic nitrate and nails, would not do at all in such a case, because all the copper would be reduced by the nails, and (if the charge were 0.5 A.T.) this would defeat cupellation, by causing cupel-absorption of gold. In matte-assays, more concentrated value permits the determ.nation of gold from smaller portions and thus diminishes the difficulty experienced with ores. The method here described has been severely tested, during use for more than a year, and has never failed hitherto, in the assay of any ore or product to which it has been applied. It is not proposed as perfect for every variety of ore or matte—probably no method would be that; but it is believed that, intelligently used, with the modifications dictated by practice, it will give better results, with less expenditure of time and labor, than anv other known to the writer This method is based on the fact that PbO can be so used in a crucible, together with the subsidiary fluxes, such as Na2, C03, K2CO3, Si02KN03, and flour, as to give, in the determination of gold and s'l- *From a paper read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers. ver ultimate results, at least equal, and in most cases superior, in accuracy to those of scorification. If the analysis of the ore be approximately known, the charge can be so calculated as to give for all ores and mattes a uniform slag, and a clean lead-button con- tain'ng only small quantities of copper or other interfering elements, thus doing away with the tedious operations and repeated manipulations of the scor- i ica'Ln-method. Accord ng to experiments in control-assaj s of ores and mattes, the slag that gives the best results is one of which the section, shown by breaking the cone after cooling, exhibits a silicate of lead, copper and iron on the outside edge, gradually passing to crystalline litharge towards the centre. At the proper temperature this slag pours very fluid, without including small shots of lead, and gives a clean, bright button, v ith little or no slag adhering to it. The temperature of the furnace must be carefully regu'ated, if the ca'cu'ated flux is to do its work pro- p°r'y. There is danger in both directions, above and below the proper point. If the furnace be too cold, the slag will be wholly crystalline and will not pour well; and probably some small shots of lead, not collected with the button, will remain in the crucible. On the other hand, if the furnace be too hot, the charge will take up silica from the crucible, leaving it n cavit'es in which lead may be deposited, and overlooked. Excessive temperature, moreover, increases loss by volatilization. The best results have been secured by startm^ with the muffle fairly red, and a rising fire, which should in 30 faiinutes increase the color of the muffle to bright-red, with the charge all reduced and fusing quietly. The furnace i3 held at this heat for 10 minutes, and then the charge is poured. The danger of boiling over is eliminated by the fact that the bulk of the charge is lead oxide, without excess of silica or potassic nitrate to bring about an)' violent action. Such action is invariably encountered in using the nails or nitrate method, where the fluxes are not well balanced, and everything is added or left out, on the cut-and-try-again principle. CALCULATIONS OF CHARGES. In order to calculate the. proportion of ore and flux, the analysis of the ore must be known as regards Cu, Si02, Fe and S. The reducing-effect of the sulphur and the oxidizing-effect of the nit. ate must be known, not from theory, but from the results of practice with a variety of ores, such as a smelter receives, from \\ hich an average standard has been deduced. The following table was thus constructed from such experiments, made upon the) same charges of ore as were used in the final assay. It was thus found as a practical rule that, upon a charge of 0.5 A. T. of ore: 1 gramme of flour will reduce 10 grammes Pb from PbO 4 per cent, of sulphur will reduce... 16 " " " 4 per cent, of antimony willreduce.. 3 " " " " 4 per cent, of arsenic will reduce... b " 1 gramme of KNO3 will oxidize 4 " " to " The amount of PbO to be used will depend on the impurities to be fluxed off, the principal of these being copper, which must be taken out in order to reduce the loss by cupel-absorption. From low- grade ores (2 to 4 per cent, copper), 5 A. T. of PbO to 0.5 A. T. of ore, and from matte (48 to 60 per cent. fulfill 310 THE MINING RECORD. copper), 8 A. T. of PbO to o.i A. T. of matte, will remove nearly all the copper. To get a slag of the composition described, Si02 must be added, if necessary (after calculating the percentage of Si02 in the ore), to make up the ratio of I part Si02 to 16 parts -PbO. The percentage of S should also be calculated, and oxidizing or reducing agents added, to obtain a button of the required weight, which should be about 16 grammes. The buttons will vary to the extent of a few grammes either way, by reason of difference in the temperature of the furnace; but with care and practice this difficulty can be largely avoided. On ore containing, for example, 5.4 Cu, 29.4 Si02, 28.2 Fe, 13.1 CaO, and 15.8 S, the charge is calculated as follows. This ore contains a good deal of Cu, and also a high percentage of S, which would necessitate the use of a considerable amount of KNO3. It is, therefore, advisable to take as a charge only 0.25 A. T. of ore, to which should be added 8 A. T. of PbO, 0.5 A. T. of Na2CO,3, K2CO3, and 18.3 grammes of Si02. Since 4 per cent, of sulphur, as - v^ stated, would reduce 16 grammes of lead from 0.5 A.T. of PbO, this charge containing nearly 16 per cent, of sulphur, but being only half as large, would give a button of about 32 grammes. To obtain a button of 16 grammes, therefore, enough KNO3 must be added to oxidize 16 grammes of Pb back to PbO. This amount will be, according to the figures given above, 4 grammes of KNO3. The charge is to be thoroughly mixed and shaken down in the crucible, which is then filled up with NaCl. With careful melting, a button of about 16 grammes will be obtained. The reducing effect of Sb and As is seen in the following figures: In Crucible No. 1, the button was 16 grammes Pb. I 2, " " " 17.5 " " " " 3, " " '• 19.0 " " " I I 4) " " " 20.0 " " Experiment No. 2 was made with ore containing Si02, 29.0; Fe,29.55; S, 25.4; and Sb, 4 per cent. Two charges were run, side bv side. Each consisted of 0.25 A. T. of ore; 0.5 A.T. of Na2 O3, K2 CO3; 8 A. T. of PbO; and 18 grammes of Si02, to which in the second charge, 8.7 grammes KNO3 were add- ' ed. Sab was used as cover in both. The first charge gave an actual button of 49.5, the calculated button being 50.8 grammes. The second gave an actual button of 17.4 grammes, as against an actual button of 16 grammes. Both buttons were soft and clean, and showed none of the characteristics of As or Sb. CONCLUSION. This method may not be universally applicable; but it is useful in a smelter, where the analysis of the ore to be assayed, or, at least, of the last lot thereof, can always be obtained on the premises. Under such circumstances it is, beyond comparison, better than the haphazard KN03-and-nails method. Moreover, in a smelter where there are always stock-ores, assay1 fluxes can be mixed in large quantities and kept on hand. For matte, a single standard flux can always be used, since that product is, within 1 or 2 per cent, constant in composition. COVERS. As regards the efficiency of different covers, it may be observed that, with the same ore and flux, and under circumstances otherwise the same, two crucible-assays of a high-grade gold-ore gave the following results: With salt as a cover, 20.16; with borax, 19.09; while by scorification, 19.90 ozs. per ton of gold were obtained This tends to show that there is less volatilization with salt than with borax. For all-round use, salt is certainly the safest cover. Moreover, when salt is used as cover, the buttons are more uniform, because the sulphur does not volatilize; whereas, borax gives buttons of variable size, because variations in the furnace temperature offset the sulphur directly, and may prevent it from exercising its full reducing- effect. THE EFFECT OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY. Arsenic and antimony interfere with this method only when present in proportions exceeding 4 per cent., which is rarely the case in any other sulphide- ores than arsenopyrite or stibnite. The following experiments were made to determine the effect of these elements. Experiment No. 1 comprised 4 crucible-melting's, each crucible containing 0.5 A.T. of the ore (a clean sulphide, containing 4 per cent, of S), to which, in the first crucible, no arsenic or antimony was added; in the second, 0.291 gramme (2 per cent, of the ore- charge) of antimony; in the third, the same amount of arsenic; and in the fourth, 0.291 gramme of each, making together 4 per cent, of the ore-charge. METALLURGICAL PRACTICE AT THE GREENWOOD SMELTER.* By Paul Johnson, E.M. HE B. C. Copper Co.'s smelter commenced op- •l erations on the 18th February, 1901, with one • blast furnace, 42 by 150 inches at tuyeres. This was kept in blast till the 22nd of August, when it was shut down nine days for repairs, and started up again on the 31st August, since when it has been continuously in blast. During the time from February 18th to December 31st, 1901, in this one furnace, 117,077 tons of ore were smelted and 3,714 tons of matte, assaying from 45% to 60% in copper, from 2 to 6 oz. in gold, and from 10 to 30 oz. in silver were produced. Besides Mother Lode and Boundary ores, Q<£e have been smelted some g"old quartz ores of 80% to 90% silica, utilising the basic character of the Mother Lode ore- The largest tonnage was put through during the month of December, when 13,098 tons of ore were smelted, thus averaging for the entire month, for every 24 hours, 422^ tons of ore. The largest tonnage smelted in one single day was on January ioth, 1902, when the furnace put through 459 tons of ore. To handle this amount of material, and to break up and pile the matte produced (the work of the blast furnace department proper) in 24 hours, 29 men were employed, viz.: 6 charge wheelers, 4 coke wheelers, 9 feeders (on 8-hour shifts), 2 charge weighers, 2 furnace men, 2 matte tappers, 2 roustabouts and 2 foremen; thus, during December ♦Minister of Mines Report. THE MINING RECORD. 311 14J tons of ore were handled per man per day. Counting the total force of the smelter, the sample mill requires 10 men for unloading and crushing ore, sampling and distributing same into ore mixtures, and loading the shipping matte, engineers, foremen, 1 blacksmith with a helper, 1 carpenter, besides 8 more men, making the total number of men employed, including foremen, 47, which at 422.5 tons of ore put through daily, makes 9 tons of ore handled and smelted for every man employed, which I believe is a record. As for the character of the Mother Lode ore, it may be classified into limy, irony and sulphur ores, and it is desirable for the smelting to have reserves of these different kinds to help out at times, when in the daily tonnage from the mine too much of one or the other sort is on hand. I give below the assay and- analysis of three large lots of these different ores: a. Sample" of Irony ore from 1,000 tons lot. b. Sample of Limy ore from 1,600 tons lot. c. Sample of Sulphur ore from 120 tons lot. a. Irony b. Limy c. Sulphur. Copper 2.8 % 2.2 % 2-J Jo Gold 0.11 ozs. 0.09 ozs. 0.15 ozs- Silver 0.58 ozs. 0.43 ozs. 0.15 ozs. Insoluble 28.7% 35.2% 29.8% Fused silica 16.9% 29.2% 24.5% Lon 32.7% 14.7% 17.5% Lime 5-6% 19.8% 16.0% Sulphur 3.7% 5.3% 13.7% The character of these ores is not only self-fluxing but at times rather basic. I have therefore sometimes smelted to advantage as much as 5% to 6% of straight quartz ores with them. Before starting up the furnace, I had my doubts whether I could make higher grade matte than 30 to 35% copper, without resorting to roasting the ore, Tout I found by actual practice, what I had hoped, that the irony variety, which is magnetic oxide of iron (Fe304), in smelting and reducing its iron to Fe303 for the slag, gives off 1 atom of oxygen for every molecule of Fe304, and this oxygen acts as a powerful desulphurizer, so that I have, in fact, burned off as much as 85% to 90% of the sulphur in the charge at times. I have aimed at making a 45% to 50 copper matte, but sometimes it has come out as high as over 60% copper, through having had rather much of the irony ore in the charge. I may mention, in connection with making this high grade copper matte, an interesting fact, viz.: that whenever the matte begins to come up to 53% copper and above, the gold will "lock up" in the furnace in the metallic copper bottoms which form. One week when making 58% to 63% copper matte I had gold locked up to the value of $6,000 in the furnace bottom; the next week I had sulphur ores with which I could get the matte down to 45% copper, and I then got all the gold out in five days. Silver does not behave in this way. The Mother Lode ore is exceptionally free from arsenic and antimony and behaves quite differently to certain other British Columbia ores which carry quite an amount of these metals, and in running which I have found metallic copper and speiss separate out as soon as the matte came up to 47%, causing much trouble in filling up the tap-hole and threatening in this way to plug up the furnace. To obviate this I have found it necessary,, elsewhere, to change the trapped spot to the ordinary way of stopping up the tap-hole with clay and when the bottom was rising up inside the tap-jacket I used to blow the furnace for five minutes and the blast, following through, melted the gathering metallics andspeiss. With the Mother Lode ore, however, I have made as high as 67% copper matte in the blast furnace, using a trapped blast, without filling the tap-hole with metallic copper. For its size (42 inches by 150 inches at tuyeres), I think this furnace has the best record so far for large tonnage and at the same time cleanness of slags made. The coarseness of the ore has a great deal to do with tonnage, and to some extent clean slags, as was discovered when we began to crush it to a 5-inch size, instead of from 2 to 3 inches as at first. A couple of per cent, of silica, more or less, in the slag does not slacken these big furnaces up as quickly as it does smaller ones; neither is high lime as bad. What I have found troublesome, raising the copper in the slag, and making it heavy with a poor separation of the matte, is when the iron in the slag comes up to 30% and 32%, and silica at the same time is low, say 23% to 30%. i give below examples of some different kinds of slag made, with the corresponding tonnage. Nov. 7th, 1900—Slag: SiOz=42.7%; Fe, 21.1%; CaO=2o.o%, and Cu 0.33%; matte, 44% Cu; furnace smelted 393 tons of ore. April 1st, 1901—Slag: Si02=33.8%; Fe=254%; CaO=25.7%, and Cu=o.25%; matte went 49% Cu; tonnage/402 tons of ore; high lime has a tendency to make the slags free from Cu. July 7th, 1901—Slag: Si02=30.9%; Fe=32.5%; CaO=i6.8%; Cu=o.44%; matte, 53% Cu; tonnage, 399 tons. January ioth, 1902, (when the furnace put through 459 tons of ore) slag: Si02=37.8%; Fe=24.5%; CaO=20.9%, and Cu=o.35%; matte, 49% Cut. We make slag assays for copper twice a day, but do not make it by the generally adopted colorimetric method, which, as a rule, gives too low results and deceives the metallurgist, making him believe and tell others that he makes cleaner slags than he does. The slag samples are taken every hour, chilled in water, and the day and night shifts kept apart. Two grammes are taken for the determination, dissolved in hydronitro-chloric acid evaporated with H2SO* diluted, and the copper precipitated with hyposulphite of sodium solution; the Cu2S is dissolved in HNO* and titrated with KCy; this determination takes somewhat over two hours, but it is correct and reliable, and it will check, as I have proved, to one hundredth of one per cent. (0.01%) of copper. Where you have very little copper in your charge, it is important to have accurate determinations of your slags, and to keep them low in copper, as 0.1 of one per cent, makes quite an item. These daily slags are then put together, and once weekly an average assay of them all is made for gold, silver and copper. The slags, as a rule, have been very clean, as follows: Copper, varying between 0.30 and 0.037 per cent. Gold, varying between 0.0025 and 0.0035 ozs. Silver, varying between 0.04 and 0.07 ozs. Of course more copper in the slag is allowable in making 50% Cu matte, than in making 30% Cu 312 THE MINING RECORD. matte. Formerly it used to be considered good smelting to have only o.i per cent, copper in the slag for every io per cent, copper in the matte; thus in making 30% Cu matte, 0.2, fo Cu in the slag was permissible, and so forth. The amount of coke used is from ii-i per cent, to 12 per cent, of the weight of the ore. The blast used is from a No. y\ Connersville Blower making 155 revo- utions per minute and giving 80 cubic feet of air per revolution. The blast pressure averages if-inch mercury, equal to 14 ounces. The feed height above the tuyeres varies from 4 to 8 feet, when little sulphur of much coarse ore, feeding high, when much sulphur or much fine ore, feeding low. The best feed-height, for good running, I have found to be from 7 to 8 feet. As to the running of the furnace, charges of 3 tons 2r?. put in at the feed floor by feeders and not by any mechanical devices which, as I have had occasion to find out, do not pay, but cost a great deal of money and give a bad working- furnace and dirtier sags. A charge comes down to the tuyeres in three-quarters of an hour. Slag and matte run together continuously through a trapped spout into a water- jacketed forehearth on wheels, inside dimensions being 8 feet long by 5-J feet wide by 3 feet deep. The matte, having a specific gravity of 5 to 5.3, sinks to the bottom, and the slag, of a specific gravity of about 3.4 to 3.5, overflows at the furthest end into a large settling pot, and from this into the granulating flume. The matte is tapped at intervals into matte pots, the contents of which are poured into rnatre-moulds, 2 feet wide by 5 feet long by 4 inches deep, thus cooling off the matte quickly, and delivering it into the shape of cakes 1 to I.-J inches thick. These matte cakes, when cooled, are knocked on the top with sledge hammers and broken up into 3 to 5-inch pieces, and are shipped in this wav in bulk into box cars, the lots averaging 30 tons. This does away with a crusher . and sacking, and makes the matte pots last longer. Erhrgement of the Plant.—We have, during the httr part of 1901, been at work to double the capa- c'ty of the smelter, and to this end erected new sets of lower ore b'ns. 12 in number, with- an increased storage capacity of 5,000 tons, making a total storage caoacity for the lower ore bins of 10,000 tons. Another large 560 feet long railroad trestle has been built between the two previous ones in order to facilitate and make possible the handling of over 1,000 to-s daily of material for the smelter bv the railroad. The foundations for the furnace building extension and the new second furnace are in, and cast iron columns and deck-plates for the new second furnace have been put tin. The furnace will be finished as <"-opn as the weather allows the putting up of the brickwork for it. The new 7i Connersville Blower is r^ady and in piac- for' the furnace. With this second fyrna'-e.. which is now completed, the plant ha* a dai'v edacity of over 800 tons of ore, and together with c^ke and coal and matte the railroad will have to handle nearly 1,000 tons daily. We figure on gettine eventually three to four fur- na~es goincr and shall then add converter works for making the matte into blister copper. THE IRON DEPOSITS NEAR KITCHENER, B. C* By W. Blakemore, M.E., Montreal. THESE deposits consist of a series of parallel veins of hematite iron ore running continuously for a distance of ten miles, the full length of a solitary mountain known as the Iron Ridge, and situate, at its nearest point, a distance of three miles west of Kitchener Station on the Crow's nest Pass Railway. A reference to the accompanying diagram will show that Kitchener is 20 mlies east of Kootenay Lake, 70 miles east of Nelson, which is the centre of the smelting industry of West Kootenay, and 120 miles west of the extensive coal fields of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company at Fernie. The mountain is peculiar in formation, being entirely separate from the other ranges in the district, and /AQM Pf>OP£BT/ES presenting the appearance of an inverted boat. It s arts from the level of the railway and Goat River 2.400 feet above sea level, rises gradually to an altitude of nearly 6,000 feet in a distance of two miles, con inues with slight variations at this level for six m les, and then dips down again at the extreme north end at about the same angle as at the south, i'r.c ma'n direction of the mountain is 20 degrees W. of N., and tipon the east side Goat River flows parallel to it. At its base on the west side is a large creek known as Arrow Creek, and around the north end is a pass connecting the two. The original survey of the. Crow's Nest line was around this pass, and it was only abandoned because it involved a detour of 20 mi'es. In view of the development of the property under consideration, this point is worth remembering, as the possibility of constructing a railway of easy grade all around the mountain was demonstrated by the survey referred to. The character of the ore is chiefly hematite, and upon a few claims this has been found to be slightly magnetic, but over the bulk of t'rom a paper read before the Canadian Mining Institute. THE MINING RECORD. the property it is pure hematite. The occurrence is in a large body of quartzite approximately 500 feet in width running longitudinally with the mountain, and along the eastern side co-extensive with the quartzite is a green stone dyke of gabbro-diorite. The property consists at the present time of fifty claims, each 1,500 ft. sq., upon which the ore has been located, an area which embraces practically the whole of the summit of the mountain. The property has been held for some years as a copper proposition, and probably from $10,000 to $12,000 expended in prospecting for that mineral. In the spring of 1901, however, the iron ore seems to have attracted attention, and for the first time the holders began to realize that it might possess an economic value. It came under my control last May, and from then until the 30th November I expended about $30,000 in prospecting and proving the property, the result being that the capitalists whom I represented have purchased twenty claims, and hold sn option on the remainder. Our season's work has proved that the ore is of the highest quality, that there is sufficient to constitute an important property, and that the surrounding conditions are favourable to development. There still remains to prove the actual extent of the ore as development work would not justify a calculation of tonnage at present, but as I shall show, everything points to an enormous deposit. Owing to the large area to be prospected, much of the work consists of mere surface examinations and prospecting, it being important in the first instance to establish the area over which the iron extended. We soon discovered a 6 ft. vein upon the Keepsake claim near the north end of the property, and on putting the diamond drill to work found the iron continuous and good at a depth oc 60 ft. On cross-cutting this vein we found that, in addition to the 6 ft. of solid iron, there was an admixture of iron and quartzite running in alternate bands for a distance of nearly 100 ft. In some cases the quartzite and the ore were mixed, in others there were clean bands of ore. Meanwhile another vein 6 ft. wide had been located upon the Maple Leaf claim, a little distance north; upon this claim a shaft was sunk 50 ft., and the iron at the bottom of the shaft continued of the same thickness and yielded the same assay as upon the surface, viz., 67.2 per cent, of metallic iron. About this time a vein was located upon the "American Flag" claim still farther north, and as it showed up nearly 20 ft. in thickness, it was decided to put a trial shaft upon this. The shaft went down 30 ft. and was then stopped in consequence of water, but the thickness and quality remain the same. Meanwhile the same vein was traced south to the O-Ray claim, upon which a shaft was sunk 50 ft. Here the vein was 18 ft. thick and of uniform quality. In none of these veins was there the slightest admixture of quartzite or other impurity, the whole of the material taken out being put on to the dump for shipment. An average assay of the ore on the American Flag gave: metallic iron, 67.4; silica, 1.7; sulphur, .16; phosphorous, .03; and upon the O-Ray, metallic iron, 64.7. Tn addition to these veins, one vein 15 ft. wide was located at the end of the season 500 feet east of the American Flag claim and traced for several hundred feet north and south: also another claim upon the Golden Cap to the west, the latter being 8 ft. thick, but upon neither of these veins was any work done beyond uncovering. It will thus be seen that in all there are five veins located up to date, aggregating 6^ ft. in thickness, and that actual exploration has proven these to a depth of .50 ft. m situ. The dip of the veins may be taken as 75 per cent. Beyond the actual exploratory work done, there are other evidences upon which the extent of the iron may be fairly considered. In the gulches which are found upon the mountain side the same veins have been uncovered at a difference in elevation of T.200 ft, and they maintain their uniformity at those points. The diorite dyke referred to is con- t nuous throughout the whole length of the mountain, and can be traced across the level ground and through a railway cutting on the Crow's Nest line. Having regard therefore to the character of the deposit W the nersistency of the green stone dyke alongside which the iron occurs, to the formation of the mourtan, and to the fact that the measures are found regirV at the base as well as at the summit, there is no reason why the iron deposits should not a'so continue to that depth, but whether this be 10 or not. sufficient has already been done to show that there is an enormous deposit of iron of the highest qua'itv nuite sufficient to justify great expectations for the future of the orooertv. I need hardly say tha! work will be continued during the coming season until a thorough proof is made. With reference to the quality, this is so surprising that 1 have some diffidence in placing the figures before vou, but still they speak for themselves, and are the result of assays made by five or six independent authorities, including McGill University, Mr. Milton Hersey of Montreal, and Mr. Robert Hunt of Chicago ; they have also been verified by practical tests made at the works of the Dominion Iron and Steel Co., and as they are the results of bulk assays and not selected samples you will, I am sure, agree with me (bat the ore is one of the purest and highest grade bess;mer ores to be found anywhere. More than 100 assays were made; of these 60 were taken from the veins, and taking those only into account, excluding float, we got an average of 60 per cent, of metallic iron, 5 per cent, silica, .10 sulphur, and .03 phosphorous. A comparison of these figures with those y.elded by the celebrated Lake Superior ores, and with the Newfoundland ores, shows that the Kitchener ore is decidedly superior, being higher in metallic iron and lower in sulphur and phosphorous. An average assay of Lake Superior ores gives: metallic iron, 60; sulphur, .010; phosphorous, .06; and of Newfoundland: metallic iron, 55; sulphur, .012; phosphorous, .600. Naturally the question of interest in connection with this matter is the future of the property and its value to British Columbia. Of this it may safely be said that sufficient iron has already been discovered to determine the" existence of a first class fluxing proposition, and even for this purpose the property will in the future be valuable. But unless all my expectations are baseless, we have here a property which when thoroughly proved will be shown to contain such an extensive body of hematite ore of the highest quality, that it will be possible, whenever the Province is ripe, to establish a large iron and steel making industry in the West, which will compare not unfavourably with that of the East. All the local conditions for cheap manufacture are favourable. The ore can be mined and shipped for $2 a ton. There- is abundant limestone in the neighbourhood upon 314 THE MINING RECORD. the west side of Kootenay Lake, which can be delivered to a smelter at 50c. a ton. The high grade coal and coke of the Crow's Nest Pass is only 120 miles away, and can be brought to Kitchener at a cost of $3.00 for coal and $5.00 for coke. Allowing for the higher rate of wage prevailing in the West, I consider that pig iron can be made on this property at a cost not exceeding $10 a ton and this iron can be delivered at a cost of $13.00 to $15.00 at the coast. At the present time pig iron delivered at any of the coast cities is worth $22.00 a ton, and even admitting that prices are above the normal, there would still be a wide margin in favour of the local product. It may be too soon for British Columbia to support such an industry, but except in the face of a -very high tariff the Western States would be customers for steel produced at Kitchener, and in any case the Orient trade would be fairly within our grasp, as under no circumstances would it cost as much more to produce steel at Kitchener as the difference in cost of transportation between Pittsburg and the Pacific coast and Kitchener and the coast, and this would be the final and determining factor in competition. The property is in the hands of men who will develop it in the best interests of the Province; it will be made to serve Canadian interests every time, and the proprietors have not only the will, but the ability to handle it in such a manner as will, in my opinion, oroduce important financial results for Western Canada. A NEGLECTED ASSET. (By Clive Phillipps-Wolley.) TT is often said that more money is made out of the 1 or copper for the sake of which it. was originally by-products of a mine, than out of the gold, silver developed, and this in some cases is undoubtedly true. There are by-products of a mineral zone for a mining camp just as there by-products of an individual mine, and it is one of these which experience leads us to believe is badly neglected in British Columbia. Thirst is no doubt a by-product of mining, but that is sufficiently well attended to by the saloons of every camp. The development and treatment of it ranks first in the paying industries of all mining fields, unfortunately.' Sciatica and rheumatism, not altogether unconnected with the first-mentioned by-product, are almost as common as thirst, and to these, although nature has provided every facility, we do not pay sufficient attention. It is undoubtedly true that these two diseases are the peculiar curse of our mining districts in the Northwest, and prey principally upon the strong frames of men whose trade makes them careless oi weather and exposure and whose temperament makes them as reckless of wet within as of wet without. Nature, foreseeing as usual, has provided the cure where she has allowed the evil to exist. In the vicinity of most of our mining fields hot springs of sul phur or lithia bubbles up from the ground. Without going as far afield as Paso Robles, in California, or even Green River Hot Springs, in Washington county, we have Banff beyond our borders and within them the lithia springs of Halcyon, on the Kootenay lakes, Harrison on the C. P. Railway, only about 80 miles from Vancouver, a set of springs on the West Coast of the Island, treated of in a recent issue of the Record, and no doubt others as yet unknown to fame. If our memory serves us there is a spring near Ainsworth and on at least one of the exquisite islands in the Gulf of Georgia sulphur water is to be found. According to that admirable delineator of animal life, Mr. Seton Thompson, even the grizzly bear has sense enough to recognize the curative qualities of a sulphur spring and to use it, and from Halcyon, in Kootenay, to Harrogate, in Yorkshire, tens of thousands of sufferers seek and obtain relief from the hot sulphur water treatment. Our contentions are: That, in very many years experience, we have never yet seen any perfectly conducted springs; That any perfectly conducted hot springs would make more money than most mines; That if we chose to try we could have those perfectly conducted hot springs in our own country instead of going over the boundary or to the old country for them. What is wanted is a first rate mineral spring in an accessible position. This we have in every instance mentioned. We have heard it stated that, perhaps in the least known of those mentioned, the water is the best, carrying a larger per centage of lithia than any other springs in North America, or perhaps in the world. But there are other requisites besides a good spring to make a sanitarium a success, and here it is that we break down. We remember well going to one establishment and inquiring for a masseur. The host, a bluff and no doubt honest fellow, asked us what a masseur was, and being told replied: "Oh, we don't go in for none of that gory rot here. You kin jest soak in the water -and dry yourself." And yet any sciatic patient knows that massage is half the battle. In another magnificently equipped establishment the attendant doctor never even took the trouble to examine the patient's heart to see whether he could stand the extreme heat to which he was submit- . ted, and, indeed, as manager of an hotel which boasted a superb cuisine, had not time to attend to the symptoms of particular patients. And yet if one pa- . tientat that hotel had dropped dead from heart trouble his death would have caused serious loss and discredit to the springs, whilst on the other hand every patient who was there would have been content to pay more if he felt that his case was being treated specifically by one who had special knowledge of his disease. In another establishment the bath house was so abominably dirty that it hardly caused you an extra shudder to be put into a hole' of hot filth alongside the coloured boot boy of the hotel and if you were a specially hard or brave man vou managed to choke over the talk of the niggers and half-breeds and get your bare feet out of the way of casual expectorants, THE MINING RECORD. 315 and to believe that there was no danger of contagion from syphiletic patients. Besides these gravel" evils there are minor ones which may still mar the success of good springs. Men's bodies depend somewhat on their spirits, therefore you must give them something to do, lawn tennis, billiards, a library or golf. Their sciatic legs depend to some extent upon their stomachs, so that in a perfect sanitarium they should be delicately and plainly fed. Granted that we have in British Columbia springs as good as any in America, or it may be, as any in the world; granted, too, that sciatica and rheumatism are sufficiently common in Northwestern America to provide ample custom for a good hot springs hotel, this is the way in which a very painful experience suggests that they should be run in order to create a stream of tourist travel to British Columbia in order to make a great fortune for the proprietors of the springs, in order to afford relief to many of our own people, and in order to make a fortune and a world-wide reputation for one man, the doctor in charge. In scenery such as you have at Halcyon or Banff, fine hot springs as naturally good as those of almost any of the establishments mentioned, build there not only a good hotel such as you have in some of them, but a first-rate bath house, not a filthy line of mud holes or a roof over a common pool of Bethesda, and see to it that you have walks or rides in which your guests can take exercise, such inexpensive amusements as tennis, quoits, croquet, golf or cricket it possible, and a small gymnasium with bars, trapese and punching bag in any case, and for wet days a billiard table, ping-pong, and above all, a fair library. All these things are obtainable and most of them reasonably cheap, and yet I know of no one hotel which has all these simple requisites of health. The last and all important sine quo nonon is more difficult perhaps to obtain. The whole establishment, though it may with advantage be a good hotel and a pleasant loafing place as well, should be primarily a place to cure rheumatism' and sciatica, and for that reason it should be under the control of a really competent doctor, who will make it his business to study and prescribe for each patient who requires his attention. Think for a moment what this would mean for the doctor and for the establishment. There is no dis ease which is more the despair of the ordinary doctor than sciatica. We know of a thousand recommended cures, from a potatoe in your trouser's pocket to a diet of fresh killed panther, but we know of no specific and no specialist. With thousands of cases pasing through his hands every year, could a young, able and ambitious man fail to obtain such a special knowledge of this disease as to make him master of the situation. An hotel run at a hot springs with such waters as we have in British Columbia, in such scenery as we are surrounded by, with so many rheumatic people for its clients, could not fail to make millions, if it had a man at its head who was as good and careful and experienced in the hydropathic treatment of the different forms of rheumatism as some of our i geons are in the use of the knife. We do not think that an apology is necessary this article in a mining paper, because min springs are assuredly one of our mineral assets, you can hardly have a mining community wit! rheumatic cripples. It would pay the province to establish such a s tarium if the services of the right man could secured; it would pay a railroad to tax its power provide such an establishment and equipped i point which is not snow-covered in the season w the rheumatic miner is down from the North; ab all it would pay some young doctor who added ar tion to brains and application and a reasonably balance at the bank, or in a friend's pocket. But man must be in earnest and not a humbug; springs good, (be masseurs first rate; the hotel commodation fair; niggers, expectorants and swearers under control (out of sight if possible); hotel clean and run so that the most dainty of woi might patronize it, and every facility afforded for healthy exercise of the muscles, which are brot to the springs for treatment. lout s to it a th< foul the leht COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS, THE TYEE COPPER COMPANY. THE third ordinary general meeting took place t< at the Cannon Street Hotel. Mr. T- II. Wilson chairman) said that the total amount of drivage d the year had amounted to 1,637 'feet, while 1,530 tons been stopod in two months. In the next year's state a complete profit and loss account would be furnishe they would then be producing. Mr. Gardner, their seen had recently visited the property and woLild give a full r of what he had seen. The chairman moved the adopti the report, which was seconded by Mr. A. Straube. William Gardner then gave an interesting account c visit, and reported that what he had seen had conv him their confidence in the property had not been misp. He went down the shaft to the 100-foot level, and insp the workings. A new ore body had just been struct whole face of the drive being in bright yellow ore. opening up of this ore body continued and the various 1 ' proved the very high quality of the ore. A sample tak him gave the following results: Copper, 23.85 per gold, $8.80; silver, $6.82 per ton of 2.000 lbs. An av sample gave copper, 12.73 per cent.; gold, $5-oo; silver> being probably a fair value for the whole lode at fcha ticular point. Mr. George Thomson, of New York, 1 perienced metallurgist, had made the conservative v that the whole mine might 'je expected to run: copper cent.; (iold and silver, $4.50 per ton of 21000 lbs. Mr. '. son also calculated that on a matter of 2.000 tons o{ 0 month a profit of $15.00 per month should be made - as the smelter was in proper working order. ;Hc the cornpany possessed one of the finest properties in i Columbia yet opened up. The report was unanin adopted. RAMBLER CARIBOO CON. In the annual report of thi> company, the chairman A, F. McClaine, states: "In the yearly reports submitted to us by the Man Director, and by us laid before your annual general me we find very gratifying financial conditions, which t stated shows the Company's cash surplus to be $45,000 1st. and including July operations would be $55,000, "The above statement in detail, together with cor plans of mine development and surface improvement anticipate mailing to shareholders on or about 1st Nove as at such time all additional improvements to concen and power plant will have been completed, and can be more intelligently presented, both as to cost and opera "We find conditions generally at the mine in a h state, and wc see no reason why the present monthl (the 1, as tary, cted tne issays en by $3 Iuatlon 6 oei' as soon believed rltlsh Mr. iging niefly July rator tion. 316 THE MINING RECORD. tribution should not continue and if present mine conditions attain, extra or additional dividends can be earned and distributed." ii CORRESPONDENCE PROPOSED BRANCH OF U. S. MINT AT TACOMA. To the Editor, Sir:—I beg to call your attention to the enclosed cl.pping from Engineering and Mining Journal, New York city, re the proposal in United States Congress to establish a branch mint at Tacoma to catch the gold coming from the Yukon District. Does it not look as it a branch mint would be required at Vancouver in order to keep the Yukon gold in Canada? I write you, as I know you are Interested in the YLikon gold, and this proposal may have escaped' your notice. Hoping the information may be of some service to your, I am, your truly, J. WALTER WELLS, Provincial Assay Office, Belleville, Ont. Ex'.ract from summary report of 56th Congress of United States, taken irom Engineer and Mining Journal. July 26th, 1902: "The establishment of a coinage mint at Tacoma, Washington, was proposed at the 56th Congress, and the committee had.' this bill under consideration from the date olf its introduction until February nth, 1902. In making its report the committee called attention to the fact that there is naturally tributary to the proposed mint an aggregate annual output of gold and.silver valued at from $30,000,000 to $50,000,000. On a basis of $30,000,000 it is estimated that the saving to the government would be in round numbers equal to the expense of maintaining and operating a branch mint at Tacoma." POSTPONEMENT OF THE NEW B. C. LOAN. From our London Correspondent. PROBABLY you have already heard by cable that it has been decided to postpone the issue olf the new. B C. loan; but to prevent an erroneous impression gaining credence, it may be as well to state the actual facts. With the termination of hostilities in South Africa a general revival in the London stock market was confidently anticipated, and it was generally expected that issues of a gilt- edged description would be eagerly absorbed. But the predicted revival did not materialize; on the contrary, there was a series of sensational developments in the mining market, which resulted in an all-round marking down of quotations, :and a continued display of apathy on the part of the public ilowards all classes of investments from Consols downwards. "Rumors that the government intended to almost immediately issue a big Transvaal loan, the upset in the Kaffir market, the anxiety as to the progress towards convalescence of the King, and the approach of the holiday season, all tended to discourage the long looked for revival in the city. And the results of the appeals by Victoria (Australia) and Montreal were so disheartening that although every preparation had been made by those responsible for the is»ue or the new B. C loan, and it had been readily underwritten—I understand on High authority, practically fully—it was felt that it would be unwise to publish the prospectus tinder such dishearten- :ng conditions. As to the wisdom of this decision, there can be no possible shadow of doubt. Had it been issued it would have been "taken" by the powerful groups identified with those in charge of the operation, but attractive as it would have been under ordinary conditions to the investing community in this country, it is hardly probable that it could have fared better than the Montreal loan. And as you will have heard the underwriters of the latter had to take up a very large proportion of their subscriptions. The consequence would have been a very large addition to the already considerable quantity of stock of this class, at present undigested. Those in charge of the new loan, having their finger on ihe pulse of the market wisely—very wisely—decided that in the best interests of the Province it would be advisable to postpone the issue until a more favourable season. And in this decision they are amply fortified by the comments of the leading financial journals, who one and all recognized that in releasing from their obligations those who had underwritten the loan, its sponsors had acted generously, and that later in the year they would be more than compensated for their present action. With the King crowned, peace in South Africa, the holidays over, and normal conditions prevailing in the city, the public may be expected to take a little more interest in Stock Exchange securities. Of late their appetite has not been equal to the supply of Colonial investments on offer, and they will be all the better for a little relief in the creation of this class of stock. Presently market conditions will undergo one of those transformations which are so characteristic of the financial world, and with money plentiful and cheap and the public in a more cheerful mood, those very securities which are now going a begging will be in keen demand at materially higher prices than those now obaining. Then will be British Columbia's opportuniy. And it may be confidently relied upon that those in charge of the affairs of the Province in London will not be slow to seize that opportunity. PROSPEROUS CONDITIONS IN THE DRY ORE BELT. From our own Correspondent. AS INDICATED by many signs, this section of the dry ore belt is in a very prosperous condition this summer. The old stand-bys, the Arlington and the Enterprise, continue shipping heavily, having to their credit 2,500 and 1.500 tons respectively. Shipments from other developments bringing the total to 4,250 tons in round numbers. Development on a large scale is fairly under way in a number o: promising mines after satisfactory preliminary work. Properties are being purchased, bonded and leased quite freely and by strong hands. The town of Slocan, which is the centre of this activity, is feeling very brisk and jubilant, the more so as they are practically assured of a big sawmill and wood-working plant in the very near future- With reference to the condition of affairs on the different creeks: Ten Mile: The Kalispel has been leased and bonded by A. Teeter and associates, of Slocan, who have a force at work driving a working tunnel on the lead. The Enterprise is shipping freely both concentrates and clean ore. The Mahon, above the Enterprise, has shown very rich ore in both tunnels on their west veins. The Iron Horse Company have settled their discussions and are settling down to work again. Twelve-Mi'e Creek is more than busy. The Sapphire Mines Company have had a comprehensive plan for development laid down by Mr. Wavne Choate, M.E., after an exhaustive study of the conditions. They have also acquired the Monte Christo and the May and Jennie adjoining. The Jubilee and the Myrtle groups near the head of the creek are both reported under option. Springer Creek: The Republic Company have about completed their wagon road up Republic mountain. They are thoroughly well pleased with the result of their development work. They will join the ranks of the shippers almost immediately. Several of the adjoining claims are reported under option to this company. The Ottawa group has been purchased outright by the Pittsburg syndicate that held the bond on this property. They continue opening it up as' fast as they can drive the main adit under the superintendence of Mr. McPhee. The Arlington keeps on the even tenor of its way, shipping only the high grade ore. but they find ten tons or more daily of this. The Speculator continues developing with ten to twelve men. The Hampton, near tbe head of the creek, is again sending down exceedingly rich ore. The contract for the Golden Crown tunnel has been let by Mr. Rammelmeyer, and it is again under way. The Exchange group: Two claims sold for cash to Chas. Dempster and associates, and the new owners will take out a shipment at once, as well as force development. Lemon Creek: The Black Prince continues development with a full force under Mr. Norman's bond. The Two THE MINING RECORD. 317 Friends adjoining sold to one of the large interests, and work is to be resumed on this, one of the best known of the properties in camp. The Meteor group, at the head of the first North Fork, has been leased, and the first crew gone in to work. The owners of the Charmer have made a small trial shipment to Nelson. Besides these there are so many that it would be of no use to try and make a complete list doing more or less development work, and generally with very satisfactory results. W. D. McGregor. FISH CREEK DISTRICT. (From Our Own Correspondent.) WITH the low prices for lead and silver, that have prevailed for some time, the free gold camps of the Kootenay have co'me into greater prominence, and at present there is a noticeable increase in activity both as regards the mines, and also the development work being done on the prospects of this class. Among the camps which have felt this most strongly that on the Fish Creek, in the Lardeau has been the leading one, and at present it is the liveliest camp in the district. The first discovery of free gold in this portion of the Lardeau was in 1859, when a number of claims were located on Fish and Pool Creeks- Among these a number of good properties have been opened up, and are now being operated. Those on which the most extensive work is being done are the Camborne group, owned by the Northwestern Development Syndicate, Ltd.; the Eva group, owned by the Imperial Development Syndicate, Limited, and the Oyster group, owned by Messrs. Pool & Young and associates. On the Camborne group the company have installed an electric power plant of 500 horse power, and three power electric drills are now being used to develop the property. The company with this plant is furnishing electric lights for the camp and mine workings, and a line of wires is now being connected with the townsite of Goldfields, which adjoins the group, and has recently been taken over by the '. syndicate. It is also the intention of the syndicate to generate sufficient power to operate an electric car line for both passenger and freight between Comaplix, which is the head of navigation on Arrow Lake for the camp, and Goldfields. A sawmill with a capacity of 40,000 feet per day, is being built at Goldfields which will supply lumber to the rapidly growing town and the mines. The machinery lor a ten- stamp mill and 5,000 feet aerial tram has been shipped and will be installed oni the property on arrival. For the purpose of making a thorough test to determine the process of treatment best adapted to the ore a shipment of twelve tons was made to the granite miill five miles west of Nelson. The results obtained were reported as follows:—- Feeder sample assayed (per ton) $ 44.00 Recovered by amalgamation 33-07 Recovered by concentration 1.80 Value of concentrates 207.20 Gold bullion recovered (ounces) 25.63 Percentage of total values saved by amalgamation .. 82.7 Percentage of total values saved by concentration .. 4-7 Total recovery (per cent.) 87.4 This mill test was considered as most satisfactory and means much for the Fish River camp. The test has demonstrated that the ore is strictly free milling, and as the ore of the Camborne from which the same shipment was takm is identical with that found on a number of claims on which much development work has been done it would indicate that all that is required for the progress of the camp is development and stamp mills. The development work done on the Camborne, principally under the superintendence of the managing director of the syndicate, H. Z. Brock, consists of three tunnels, one of which is being driven on the vein to develop the upper claims. It will cut the vein in these to a depth of 2.000 feet and when completed will have a length of considerably over a mile, the surveys showinsr the distance to be 6,900 feet. This tunnel will have a double track, and electric cars will be used in hauling ore to the mill which is being erected at the mouth. On the Eva group on which the first discovery of gold was made in the district active development has been carried on for two years, resulting in over 2,000 feet of underground workings- This development has blocked out many thousand tons of free milling ore. The lead is from 100 to 150 feet wide, and the ore shoots occur on either wall with numerous cross fissures from wall to wall, which carry high values. There is also a large tonnage of high grade ore on the dump, which was taken out in development work only. The Eva is splendidly situated for cheap mining and milling. A tunnel 3,000 feet long driven from the mill site at the foot of the mountain on the lead would tap the upper workings at a depth of 2,000 feet vertically. The Oyster group adjoins the Eva and like it and the Camborne carries free milling gold on all the claims. On the Criterion claim especially, one of the group, the surface showings are wonderfully rich- Another feature of this claim is a ledge ot galena which increases from 18 inches in width at the surface to three feet at twenty feet- The Wide West, Beatrice and Iron Dollar groups are also situated in this district and are being rapidly opened up. The formation throughout is a micaschist, with frequent intruses of porphyr dykes. There are plenty of streams of water power on nearly all the claims. The camp is situated about 100 miles from Nelson and is reached from Comaplix on Arrow Lake. A road eighteen miles in length is the only means of getting in from Comaplix to the camp at present, but it is expected that an electric line will be put in as soon as the development of the camp warrants it. -YMIR DISTRICT. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THE most disastrous forest fire within the recollection of residents in West Kootenay is now raging on Wild Horse Creek and has inflicted incalculable damage on mining property in that section. The principal sufferers are the Ymir, Blackcock and Wilcox companies. The Ymir Company were extremely fortunate in saving their cyanide plant which was entirely surrounded by the flames and only saved by the vigorous efforts of the crew who were working for their own salvation as well as for the company's property. As it was, many private residences of employees and many thousand cords of cut cordwood belonging to the company have been destroyed. At the Blackcock mine, all the buildings were consumed and the resident families of Messrs. Julien and Andet were forced to take refuge in the tunnel, to which also all the portable household property was removed. The next property to suffer was the Wilcox mine, which lost all its buildings) including a large new frame building which had just been completed. A number of men had just started on the construction of the new aerial tramway, but fortunately only a few timbers had been formed, so that the loss is much less than if the fire had occurred a little later. The men here were also forced to take refuge in the tunnels, and a number of them had a narrow escape, the first sets of timbers in one of the tunnels used as a refuge igniting and nearly suffocating the imprisoned men. In the same neighbourhood the Roanoke Camp and the sawmill belonging to the Ymir Company were completely- destroyed, while in a different direction the buildings of the- Tamarac Company, together with the upper terminal and; towers -of the aerial tramway shared the same fate, The main wagon road up Wild Horse, together with the branch roads to the Ymir, Wilcox and Foghorn mines, were rendered quite impossible, all the bridges and most of the road cribbing being destroyed. The Government, however, already has a gang of men repairing the dalmage. One of the chief items of loss is the quantity of valuable mining timber which has been consumed. The Ymir, Blackcock, Wilcox and Foghorn companies had all purchased blocks off timber land, a large proportion of which have been swept by the flames to such an extent that only a few blackened stumps remain. The Wilcox Company will at once rebuild a large and more commodious set of frame buildings, and the work of construction of the aerial tramway' has already been recommenced. As soon ais the tramway is completed, regular shipments of the rich ore from the Fourth of July vein will' be commenced- Reports from the Big Four group, owned by the British- Lion Company, Ltd., are very encouraging. Mr. A. A. 318 THE MINING RECORD. Vernon, the manager, is selecting ore with a view to commencing shipments very shortly. On the Hercules, also owned by the same company, a contract has been let for the further sinking of the shaft to the ioo-foot level- The ore in the shaft is improving with every additional-foot of depth. The present showing indicates the existence of a large body of high grade pyrrhotite ore carrying copper. It is understood that the wagon road to connect with this property will be commenced under Government supervision within a week. The same road will form a trunk road at the creeks and will fill a much needed want. It will be utilized by the Eldorado, Union Jack, Silver Lake and Big Horn companies. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LARDEAU. (From Our Own Correspondent.) THERE has been nothin | whatever of interest to report for some months, but as so often happens in a mining district, there is of a sudden a simultaneous occurrence of important incident, and this has been the case here of late. Perhaps the most important recent event was the practically complete transfer of the management of both the Great Western Mines and the Double Eagle Co- to the London shareholders, who intend, with the ample capital they have, to introduce machinery. So the first piece of mining machinery, in the form of a boiler and a five-drill compressor with the necessary adjuncts, has arrived in the Lardeau via the new Trout Lake and Argenta road, and has been duly delivered at the Nettie L. The Silver Cup, which is under the same management, is going to follow the example, but the first is building a rope tramway (double rope system) to make the huling somewhat less expensive, both as regards the machinery now and the ore, etc., in future. In this district a rope tramway of some sort is an absolute necessity if a property is to be worked economically, as the hills are exceedingly steep and packing very expensive in consequence, but it stands to reason that a property; must have proved itself worth the expense before the plant is installed, and this the Silver Cup has done. All the more or le;s developed prospects are being steadily worked on now, notably, perhaps, the Blapk Warrior group, though it is difficult to do more than just mention the names of the properties without attempting to describe them or give any ide-i of their values. The Triune, of course, is being developed, and an aerial tramway put in there, the owners evidently intending to work their mine in such a way as to ensure them a supply of ore for their smelter all the year round. It is of groat interest to this district to know that the Ferguson smelter was actually blown in on the 12th inst-, and most certainly appeared to be running very smoothly and well. The absence of the usual noise round a smelter was remarkable, and by no means disagreeable. Of course outsiders do not know what was charged into the furnace, either in quantity or value, nor what was the result, but to- all appearance everything was working unusually well for a first start. Some alterations being found requisite to the machinery, the furnace was blown out the same evening and will so remain till the necessary work is done—it is said to be connected with the exhaust that causes the blast to the furnace, and certainly did not seem (to an outsider) to affect the working of the furnace itself. In any case, if this smelting plant shows it can save values at a faiir cost, it will be ot immense benefit in treating those very large quantities ot ore which are of too low grade to stand the expense of shipping, and for that reasoni alone if for no other, its future performance will be awaited with the keenest interest. MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. ORE shipments from this district to Aug. 31st are as under:— Granby Mines, Phoenix 206,245 Snowshoe, Phoenix 2,042 Mother Lode, Deadwood 70,002 Sunset, Deadwood 4^20 B. C- Mine, Summit 2,718 Emma, Summit • ■ | • 1,067 Winnipeg, Wellington 785 Golden Crown, Wellington 625 No. 7 Mine, Central 482 Jewel, Long Lake 2,175 Providence, Providence 60 Total tons 291,351 Granby Smelter treatment, tons 192,498 ROSSLAND. Production from Rossland from January 1st to August 23rd, 1902, hash been as follows:— Le Roi 149-461 Le Roi No. 2 43-537 Centre Star 5,070 War Eagle 600 Rossland G. W- - - ' 2,400 Giant 1,430 Cascade 300 Cohimbia-Kootenay 30 Bonanza 90 Velvet 430 Spitzee 20 White Bear 25 Total 203,243 THE SLOCAN. According to the New Denver Ledge the ore shipments from the Slocan from January 1st to August 16th are: Payne 850 Ivanhoe -. 295 Sunset (Jackson Basin) 703 Reco 322 American Boy 576. Arlington 2,540 Hewett 765 Bosun 7-0 Last Chance 150 Wonderful 151 Enterprise 1,380 Lavina 35 Bismarck 42 Queen Bess 160 Silver Glance 77 Whitewater 2,6:;3 Ottawa "8 Capella 20 Florence 1 Trade Dollar 20 Slocan Boy 64 Neepawa 101 Hartney 25 Marion go May 7.77 7' 7' .7' 7 5 Paystreak 7 Surprise 22 Monitor (for July) 765 Slocan Star 528 Duplex 7 Emily Edith 2o Wakefield 7. 7. 7. 7 7 7 .7 140 Prescott 4 Rambler 3,260 Molly Gibson 1,500 Washington on Folliott "' 2 c o. d '. 7 7.'.'.7. 7 7 7 1 2 London Hill jie Ruth 266 Antoine 20 R- E. Lee .....!.... 60 Spectator 4 Red Fox 20 Antoine 20 Total tons ^,646 Of this aggregate tonnage, the Slocan City mining division has contributed 4,041 tons. THE MINING RECORD. 319 CATAEOGUES, CIRCULARS AND TRADE NOTICES. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAMATING PLATES FOR SAVING GOLD. THE greatly increasing demand for these plates by gold miners has demonstrated their superiority over all other methods for saving gold in quartz or placer mining, particularly fine or float gold. These plates are in great-demand in all the Pacific Coast mining regions from Alaska to South America, the Rocky Mountain mining States and Australia. Denniston's San Francisco Plating Works. 743 Mission street, San Francisco, of which Mr. E. G. Den- niston is proprietor, is constantly filling orders for them, sending out a great many thousands of square feet every year to gold miners all over the world. The plates for all the large stamp mills in Alaska were made at this establishment. Mr. E. G. Denmston is the pioneer in this line of business, having established nis works 35 years ago and has received every first class premium awarded for silver-plated plates at the fairs held on the Pacific Coast, having received 26 silver medals. The reputation of his plates is world-wide, Be having been successful in competition with all others. Only the best Lake Superior copper and refined silver are used in their manufacture. They are made of any size, plain or corrugated. The great success of Mr. Denniston's plates is due to his thorough knowledge of the business and pos- ession of the best facilities, also to adhering strictly to agreement in depositing full weight of silver on every order. The work done at Denniston's San Francisco Plating Works consists of gold, silver, platina, niickel, brass, copper and bronze plating on every description of metal work. The work done is first class, and done at lowest possible prices. Parties wishing to purchase silver-plated mining plates will find it greatly to their advantage to get Mr. Denniston's prices before purchasing elsewhere. Meanwhile they should send for the firm's circulars. HENDRIE & BOLTHOFF MACHINERY. The Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. and Supply Co. issue a very comprehensive machinery catalogue (No. 8) of ever 200 pages, in which they endeavour to present the most complete line of up-to-date machinery ever placed in- a catalogue of this kind. They have certainly succeeded in doing so. The company, which, by the way, was established over forty years ago, have earned a very enviable reputation for their machinery, and "Hendrie & Bolthoff" hoists in particular are held in very high esteem by mining engineers the world over. We shall be glad to supply our readers with copies of this catalogue. NORTHERN MULTIPOLAR MOTORS. Bulletin No. 29, sisued by the Northern Electrical Mfg. Co., describes this type of motcr very clearly, and also shows the various types and forms of the machine as designed by the company to meet the requirements of service in American manufacturing establishments. the field, thus effecting a saving in transportation charges and time. This solar attachment overcomes by its optical construction, the Polar adjustments so difficult to maintain in others, being dependent only on the accuracy of the vertical arc and limb, the two most carefully constructed parts of the transit hence giving results commensurate with the accuracy of the instrument to which it is attached. It equals direct observation for accuracy and can be operated in one-tenth the time. Fig. 1 shows the attachment three-quarters actual size- For instruments having no vertical arc a latitude level is provided at small expense and is even more accurate than the arc. The difficulties attendant upon the use of former solar attachments, their inaccuracies when not in perfect adjustment, the difficulty of maintaining their adjustments and their unprotected position on the transit, have rightly prejudiced engineers against them. The reliability of the solar attachment shown herewith depends upon principles similar to those of the sextant; i.e., that a ray of light which suffers reflection twice in the same plane is bent at an angle with its original direction equal to twice the angle between the two reflecting surfaces. J, THE SHATTUCK PATENT SOLAR ATTACHMENT. ' Messrs. Wm. Ainsworth & Sons, of Delver, Colo, have placed upon the market a new and improved solar attachment, designed and patented by Orville F. irhattuck, a prominent mining engineer of that city. The attachment is arrang- Referring to Fig. 2, which is a sectional view in the plane of the attachment about three-quarters actual size: The main frame AA carries the stationary mirror H and revolves axially by means of a bearing in the cap B, which fits over the objective end of the tran->it. C is a clamp ring used in connection with ihe clamp and tangent screw, (not shown) for rotating the frame AA about its axis. The movable mirror I is adjustable to any required angle, being mounted on a swinging arm D, which is provided with an adjusting screw E, a graduated differential nut F, and a clamp G. The ray of light enters from above as indicated by_ the arrow and is incident upon the movable mirror I; it is thence reflected to the stationary mirror U. thence in through the object glass to the cross-wires of the instrument. Thus the maintenance of the angle between the incident ana emergent ray depends tipon the angle between the mirrors rather than upon the polar bearing. The declination angle corrected for refraction is' set off by means of the movable mirror actuated by the screw, E, and the differential nut, F, the method being to sight at some object on ihe horizon, (B Fig. 3) with the solar attachment off, the telescope level and the vernier set at zero. Then with the lower plate clamped and the vernier set at the South polar distance, corrected for refraction, which has Fig. 1. ed to fit over the objective end of the telescope in place of the cap. which renders it easily detachable and makes it unnecessary to send a transit to the factory-to have it fitted, provisions being made whereby an engineer can give the accurate dimensions required and place his order when in Fig. 3. been previously computed, sight at the same object, (B Fig, 3) with the solar attachment in place, bringing the object onto the cross-wires by means of the adjusting screw, E, and the differential nut, F. Then referring to Fig. 3, angle CDB equals angle CAB. 320 THE MINING RECORD. If the object sighted be less than five or six thousand feet distant, allowance is made for parallax by making the distance BB equal to the distance from the axis of the telescope. A, to the optical centre of the solar attachment. Now depress the telescope to the latitude of the place of observations, (See Figs. 4 and 5), revolve the solar about its axis and the transit in a horizontal plane until the image of the sun is brought to the proper position on the cross- wires. The line of collimation then becomes the polar axis with the transit in the Meridian and the solar revolved about Fig- 4- ■its axis will follow the path of the sun. The engineer having" carefully set off his angles and knowing that his transit is in adjustment, is assured of reliable results. i Fig. 5. - Fig. 4 shows an operator making an observation to deter mine the Meridian. Fig. 5 is a graphic illustration of the same when the sun's declination is North n° 26'; A beiag the axis of the telescope and PP the polar axis, coincident with the line of collimation. After the transit has been set in the Meridian the reading of the differential nut is taken and the attachment is removed. It weighs less than three ounces and may be carried in the pocket without fear of damage. In taking subsequent observations during the day as a check on the work, it is only necessary to set off the hourly change in declination by means of the graduated differential nut, each division of which represents one minute of arc, place the ittachment in position, and if the instrument be in the Meridian, the sun will come to the proper position on the cross-wires. Another valuable feature of this solar attachment is its adaptability to underground surveying. In connection with the delicate level under the transit telescope it is especially useful in carrying accurate transverse lines up or down shafts or steep inclines in the same manner as with side and top telescope. Catalogue C-4, giving complete description will be mailed on request by Wm. Ainsworth & Sons, sole manufacturers. A NOTABLE APPOINTMENT. A CORRESPONDENT writes: ''We have just noted, the appointment of Mr. C O. Baker, Jr., of Baker & Company, platinum refiners, of Newark, as a member of the Board of Directors of the National State Bank of Newark one of the strongest financial institutions of New Jersey. While Mr. Baker is to be congratulated on his appointment, we who have known him for so long feel as though this financial institution with which he is now so prominentlv connected is to be more so. It would indeed be difficultto find a gentleman of more sterling worth and strength of character." THE NEW ANCHOR FENCING. MESSRS. ESPLEN, FRAME & CO., sole manufacturers ot the Anchor Wire Fence for Ontario, have just sent out their last orders of their first import this season. They imported fifteen carloads of wire totaling 450,000 pounds, which is equal to about 200 miles of fencing; and this has all been sent out. On account of having only the right to erect the fence in Ontario it bars this company from supplying the demand in this province, separate companies having purchased the exclusive right of manufacture and sale in respectively Maiitoba, the North West Territories and British Columbia. In spite of this fact their business in Ontario is increasing tremendously- By this it will be easily seen that the Anchor Fence is already in great demand in Ontario. The Anchor Fence is without doubt the cheapest and best wire fence On the market, and the B. C- Anchor Fence Co.. controlling the sole patent rights for British Columbia, should find a ready sale for their product ■in this territory. AN EXTENSIVE AERIAL TRAMWAY INSTALLATION. THE aerial tramway recently installed by the Leschm & Sons Co., of St. Louis, at Deep Gulch. Coloralo, is 4, 200 feet long. The line consists of two stationary sustaining cables securely anchored at each end. The lo:.d?d buckets run on a rope 1 1-8 inch in diameter, while the empties rettirn on a i-inch rope. The buckets are propelled by an endless steel wire rope three-quarter inch in d'ameter. This rope passes around, one 8-foot sheave at both the terminals of the line, the one at the mine having a number of grips which clamp the rope tightly and afford the means to control the speed of the tramway when in operation. To this wheel are attached the brake-bands for stopping the tramway or controlling it. The buckets are attached and detached automatically to and from the traction cable by means of patent clips, button- shaped, which are attached permanently to the cable- Each of the buckets has a capacity of 6 1-2 cubic feet and they are so placed in the pendent as to swing1 freely, thtis allowing them to be dumped at the lower station of the line as described later. The difference in elevation between the two terminals of the tramway is about 2,000 feet, and the weight of the loaded buckets travelling down is sufficient by far to operate the tramway by gravity, and in addition has sufficient force to bring supplies up to the mine- About midway of this tramway is placed what is known as an intermediate station, so designed that later on it can be used for loading ore from another mine located near by- This intermediate station is situated in a position where snow falls very heavy, and for that reason the entire length of the terminal for a considerable distance on each side is covered with a snow shed- At the lower terminal of the line the tramway consists of a single span 2,100 feet in lengh without any means of support between. This is the' most remarkable feature of this tramway, and is illustrated by the photo mentioned above. Owing- to the automatic levers with which his tramwav is furnished, very little labor is required in the entire operation, and brakings are reduced to a minimum.- As a bucket enters the upper terminal it is automatically detached from the traction rope and its momentum is overcome gradually when it is placed in the loading position!. After it is loaded it receives an acceleration to overcome its inertia, and is then again attached to the line automatically and travels to the lower terminal At this station the same operation occurs HUM THE MINING RECORD. 321 In addition, however, the bucket is automatically dumped by means of a frame connected with the terminal shaft. As soon as the bucket enters this terminal and before it is discharged it is weighed automatically by a specially designed scale- The ore brought down in this tramway is of two classes; one' which is loaded into the buckets in bulk, and the other of a higher class, which is loaded into the carriers in sacks. advanced considerably, and the outlook is decidedly hopeful- Cariboo McKinney has gained five points, from 16 to 23; Centre Star is quoted at 42, from 38; War Eagle, 23 from 16; North Star 19 from 17. Payne is firm at 17 and Fairview in great demand at Syi@9- Cariboo Hydraulic, in consequence of a report that the gold yield this year will be disappointing, has declined to 80, but very few shares are offered. Locally Mount Sicker and Brenton shares have sold freely, and the company has now taken the treasury stock off the market. PROFITS OF THE ALLIS-CHALMERS COMPANY. We have to congratulate the shareholders of the Allis- Chalmers Company on the receipt, on August 1st, last, of a dividend amounting to 1 3-4 per cent. This is the fifth consecutive quarterly dividend declared by the company from profits on net earnings. SEATTLE AS A MACHINERY SUPPLY CENTRE. To all appearances Seattle promises to become an important distributing point for the mining machinery trade, which is rapidly developing, of the British and American Pacific. Thus of late many of the larger American firms have established agencies and branch houses there, and we have just learnt that the Hallidie Company, the proprietors of the well-known Hallidie Wire Ropeway, contemplate the immediate removal of their main office from San Francisco to Seattle. THE METAL MARKET. 1 SILVER continues steady, the market being without any special feature. Indian buying in London has somewhat fallen off, owing to exportations from China to Bombay. Prices during the month have ranged between 52^ and 52^4. The copper market is dull, notwithshtanding that consumption is heavy- Manufacturers, however, are not buying, preferring to work up their stocks rather than enter the market at the present time. It is likely that a large business will be done in the near future, as buyers will shortly be forced to replenish their supplies. The latest quotations are: Lake, nj4@nH; electrolytic in cakes, wire bars and ingots, uH@n}i; cathodes, iiJ^@iiJ4; casting copper, nj^. The American lead market is fairly active. Prices, however, remain at 3-97^@4-05, St. Louis; 4.o5@4.io. New'York. Cablegram, London, Aug. 28th, quotes lead at £ti is. 3d. Spelter is very active, a large business having been done at SZA> St. Louis; 5iHs@5^, New York. COAL EXPORTATIONS AND TRADE. EXPORTATIONS from the Vancouver Island collieries during the month of July were as follows: Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 30 618 Comox 9,853 Ladysmith 22,263 Total 62,734 In a recent report Mr. J. W. Harrison, coal and metal broker of San Francisco, remarks: "The shipping list from Newcastle, Australia, is shrinking materially- The number of vessels on the way and loading foots up 16. At this time last year there was almost double the quantity of colonial tonnage engaged for this port. There are to-day five more vessels chartered to load coal in Australia for Honolulu from this port. It is true that the major portion of vessels going to Honolulu will average much smaller tonnage than those for here. Coal freights from the Colonies are quoted higher, and the advance will lead to a decrease of shipments." Footing up, however, the arrivals for the month of Jtily this year, as against the coal arrival for the same month of 1901, we find that there has been about 8,000 tons more coal entered the port of San Francisco this year than last. It would be generally supposed that on account of the large quantity of fuel oil which is displacing coal, that the quantity of coal consumed this year would be considerably less than last- It evidences very strongly that our manufacturing interests are doing a very much more extensive business and have a most encouraging outlook for the future. There have been fourteen coal arrivals from Australia during the past month, which leaves only seventeen on the chartered list of coal carriers. This is the smallest quantity that has been on the loading list for a considerable time, and as there is a reported advance on coal freights from the Colonies, the chances are that not many new names will be added to the list for several month- Business in the fuel line is reported fairly good, although the ruling prices leave but small profits to importers. > THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. THE resumption of mining operations at the War Eagle and Centre Star, and the generally improved conditions throughout the country has had a favorable effect upon the market and the better class of stocks have WATER MEASUREMENT AND REGULATION IN THE YUKON. IN view of numerous recent disputes in the Yukon which have arisen in connection with the recording of water- rights, an order-in-council has been passed defining what is understood by the "miners' inch," and instancing a method of measurement the following table is officially published: — Dimensions of Orifice in Inches. Head in Inches Over Centre. Discharge in Cubic ft. per min. Number of Miners' Inches of \% Cub Wide | Deep ic ft. per Minute. 6 2 6.25 11.99 17.98 12 2 6.25 24 25 36.38 18 2 6.25 36.39 M.59 24 - 2 6.25 48.70 73.05 4 4 6.25 15 71 23.56 6 4 6.25 23.57 35.35 12 4 6.25 47.30 70.95 . 18 4 6.25 71 65 107.48 2% 4 6.25 101 58 152.37 Large quantities of water for mining or other purposes may be measured at any convenient point by discharging over wiers, through orifices or by any accepted and correct method of measuring water. Smaller quantities of water, where delivered from ditches, flumes ot- canals into small ditches or flumes, shall be measured at the point of diversion of the branch ditch or flume. It shall be taken from the branch ditch, flume or canal through a box or reservoir, arranged at the side, and the water shall have no appreciable velocity of approach. The orifices shall be vertically at rigfit angles to the delivering water way, and the edges and corners shall be square and sharp, and the top, bottom and sides at right angles to the pressure board, and the discharge sEall be freely into the air- The distance between the sides ari3 bottom of ihe orifice shall be at least three times the least dimension of the orifice. THE MINERAL PRODUCTS OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1901. IN the annual statistical summary of the United States Geological Survey for the calendar year 1901, the total mineral output is valued' at $1,092,224,380 as against $1,064,408,321 in 1900. The non-metallic mineral products are here valued at $566,351,095, the metallic products at $324- 873,284, while those in the unspecified class, including building and glass sand, iron ore used as flux in lead smelting, tin ore, nitrate of soda, carbonate of soda, sulphate of soda and alumina clays used by paper manufacturing have an estimated value of $1,000,000- 322 THE MINING RECORD. Following is the value of some of the various products: Pig iron, $292,174,000; silver, $77,126,382; gold, $80,218,800; copper, $86,629,266; lead, $23,280,200; zinc, $11,265,760; quack- silver, $1,382305; aluminum, $2,238,000; antimony, $542,020; bituminous coal, $236,201,899; Pernsylvania anthracite, $112,- 504,045; natural gas, $27,067,500; petroleum, $66,417-335; brick clay $13,800,000; cement, $15,788,789; stone, $55,i65-576; grindstones, $580,730; borax, $1,102,110; phosphate rocks, $5316403; pyrites, $1,624,449; salt, $6,617,449; zmc white, $3,110,120; asphaltum, $555-335; clay, all other than brick, $2,591,332; limestone for iron flux, $4,665,836; mineral waters, $7,588,962. COMPANY NOTES AND CABLES. Enterprise (British Columbia)—Cablegram from the^ company's representaive at Nelson, British Columbia:—"Final June returns give a profit of $2,900 (£598). Estimated profit for the entire month of July $3-750 (£-773)' in each case exclusive of zinc production." Le Roi No. 2—Manager cables, Rossland, 7th August:— "The shipments last month amounted to 5.675 tons. Contents, 2,949 ozs. gold, 7,235 ozs. silver, 135 tons 15, cwts. Copper- The returns from ore after mating a deduction of all smelting charges, amount to $49-450. Cost of mining may be taken at $21,500. Profits for last month, $27,950 (equivalent sterling, £5,763). No shipments for three days on account of wreck on railway." (June shipments, 6,316 tons-) McDonald's Bonanza (Klondike)—Cablegram from Dawson dated 6th August:—"Skookum Claims—Total return to date, 679 ozs- No. 2 Bonanza—Clean up after six days, 161 ozs. From Bench Claims to date, 172 ozs. The estimated value is $13,250." Nimrod Syndicate—It is announced that Mr. R. D. Feth- erstonhaugh, the manager of the Atlin Mining Company, Ltd.. a subsidiary of the Nimrod Syndicate, Ltd., cabled on the 8th inst.:—-"We have cleaned up after a run of 20 days; have recovered 410 ozs., being the proceeds of 48 feet of sluices." (Office note:—The last clean up-amounted to 225 ozs- from 48 feet of sluices.) Ymir—Cablegram from the manager at Nelson, British Columbia:—During July 50 stamps ran 631 hours (26 days 7 hours); estimated profit on operating, $3460 (£713). Above was arrived at after development, $1,300 (£267); repairs, $750 (£154); fighting fire, $1-3:0 (£267) &c-, written off; total amount crushed, 3,330 tons (dry weight). ^Commencing 29th July—Mine mill have been obliged to shut down for three days owing to bush fires. The total loss is $3,000 (£618), flume, cordwood, labour. Do not apprehend, any further danger from forest fires except to timber land. The mine continues to look about the same. We are at present running on better grade ore." (June—Estimated profit, £1,412.) Alaska Treadwell—"240-stamp mill ran 28 1-2) days; 300- stamp mill ran 28 3-4 days; crushed 82,192 tons ore; estimated realizable value of the bullion, $69,286; saved 1,560 tons sulphurets; estimated realizable value of same, $63,172; working expenses for month, $75,880." Alaska Mexican—"120-stamp mill ran 28 3-4 days; crushed 19.333 tons ore; estimated realizable value of the bullion, $21,104; saved 351 tons sulphurets; estimated realizable value of same, $16,628; working expenses for month, $22,597." Yukon Goldfields—The London office of the Yukon Gold- fields, Limited, has received word from Dawson that the clean up for the month of July amounted to $4,250. McDonald's Bonanza—The London office published the following information regarding the clean up oni the company's properties: "Skookum Claims—Total returns to date, 679 ozs. No. 2 Bonanza—Clean up after six days, 161 ozs. From bench claims to date, 172 ozs. The estimated value is $13,250." Atlin Mining Company—Intelligence has been received that the Atlin Mining Company had a clean up at the beginning of August, after a run of 20 days. The amount olf gold recovered was 410 ozs.,, from 48 feet of sluices. The last clean up amounted to 225 ozs. rom 48 feet of sluices. Le Roi—The manager cabled August 9th:—"Shipped from mine to Northport smelter during the past month 14,500 tons of ore, containing 8.400 ozs- of gold, 14,000 ozs- of silver, 672,000 lbs. of copper. Shipped from dump to Northport during the past month, 1,677 tons containing 1,000 ozs of gold, 1,350 ozs. of silver, 55,000 lbs. ofi copper. Estimated profit on this ore $100,000." June return:—Shipped n.475 tons:, estimated profit $72,641, and from dump 3,353 tons, estimated profit $21,761.) Report of the Le Roi Mining Company, Ltd., for June, 1902:— "Tonnage shipped, together with contents and gross values per ton:— Dry tons. Ozs. Au. Ozs. Ag- Lbs- Cu. wet. 1st class H.475 6,841 11,065 505,408 2nd class dump .. 3,353 1,625 1,760 -.... 75-829 14 828 .... 8,468 .... 12,825 .... 581.237 Value per ton 1st class $17-70 Value per ton, 2nd class $12.68 Mine! Expenditure—The expenditure for the month on mine account was $47,832; the expenditure not charged to mine account was $891—-$48,718. The cost of breaking and delivering ore on the railroad cars for the month was $2.91 per ton. The cost of loading the second-class ore from the dump, including putting on tramways and chutes, was $3.97. The cost of delivering first-class ore on the railroad cars, including all mine, expenditure other than cost of loading second-class dump ore, was $4,05 per ton. "Northport Smelter—The expenditure for the month was $156,220. The following statement gives the details of the ore received at the smelter during the month, and the contents :— Dry tons. Ozs. Au. Ozs. Ag. Lbs- Cu. Public ores: wet Le Roi No 2.. .. 5,750 .... 3,012 .... 6127 .... 215,728 Le Roi Ores:— 1st class n,475 • • • • 6,842 .... 11,065 ■ • ■ • 505,408 2nd class 3,353 .... 1,626 .... 1,760 .... 75,829 20,578 '. 1.480 18,997 796,965 The tonnage treated during the month was as follows:— Roasted ores, 19-103; raw Le Roi No, 2, 5,725; raw Rossland, Great Western, 52; raw Le Roi first-class, 625; raw Le Roi second-class, 1,070; total, 26,575. The grass value of the first-class ore shipped from/ the mine was equal to a value per ton of $17.70, equal to $203,117. From this deduct difference between grobs value and refiners' settlement rates and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days and copper 6o days, $2.88, equal to $33,050; 11,475 dry tons net value per ton $14 82 equal toi $170,067. Cost of mining, $4-05; freight, 40c; interest, 6c; $4.51 per ton, equal to $5i>754- Cost of smelting, $3.95; interest, 3c; $3.98 per ton, equal to $45,673; total cost of mining and smelting, 97-427- Net estimated profit, $72,640. The gross value of the second-class dump ore shipped was equal to a value per ton of $12.68, equal to $42,516. From this deduct difference between gross values and refiners' settlement rates and interest on gold and silver) values for 90 days- and copper 60 days $i-55 per ton, equal to $5,197; 3'353 dry tons at $11.13, equal to $37,319. Co t of loading on cars, laying tracks and making chutes (per ton) 40c ; freight, 25c; interest for 90 days, ic.7 cost of smelting, $3.95; interest, 3c, equal to $4.64 per ton, or $15,558 on total tonnage. Net estimated profit, $21,761. »rH R?i S,°' 2~Manager's report for the month of June:— Output—The total tonnage of ore hoisted from the mines amounted to 6,660,295 dry tons, of which 6,316,295 tons were shipped to the smelter, and the remaining 344 tons were stored on the second-class dumps at the mine. The daily output for the month averaged 266.41 tons per day worked, of which an average of 252.64 tons daily were shipped to the smelter at Northport, and 13.76 tons per day placed on the second-class storage dumps. GROSS VALUES IN THE 6,216,295 DRY TONS SHIPPED. Per ton. 3.183,035 ozs. gold at $20 equals $63,660 70 or $10 80 6,560,060 ozs. silver at 51c. equals 3.345 63 or <3 235,933 lbs- copper at I2^c- equals.... 29,499 12 or 4 b> Making the total gross value $96,505 45 Or the average value per ton $15 28 THE MINING RECORD. 323 Providence Mine, Boundary District—The following returns have been received by the owners of the Providence mine, which is situate about 400 or 500 yards from Greenwood City limits from two cars of ore shipped recently to the Trail smelter:— Car No. 1 contained 4.5,847 lbs., as under. 20,436 lbs., net value to shippers $2,517.71 25,411 lbs., net value to shipper 1,488.48 $4,006.19 Car No. 2 contained 41,657 lbs., as under:— 6,452 lbs., net value to shippers $ 756.33 35,205 lbs., net value to shippers 1,604.99 workings situated about 800 feet up open cuts were made along the ledge $2,361.32 These returns give a net average value, after paying a freight and treatment rate of $15 per ton, of $145.53 Per ton for the 43 tons 752 lbs. comprised in the shipment. Details o|E the metal contents of the whole of the ore are not available, but it is known that one part gave an average1 assay return of 0.61 ounces gold, 525 ounces silver, and 11.3 per ' cent, lead Fisher. Maiden—The following report was presented at a recent meeting of the directors of the Fisher Maiden Troy mines, near Silverton:— . The company has just received a crown grant for the group of claims comprising the Fisher Maiden property. During the year $9-973.Bo was realized from the sale olf treasury stock. From "the proceeds of the sale of stock the company has just completed a bunk house capable of accommodating 40 men, a new mess house in proportion, a blacksmith shop, temporary ore bins and an office and assay office combined, all of which are located iln close proximity to the present workings. From the old mountain several intervals down to within 15 feet of Four-Mile Creek, wnere a tUhnel was started. After going through 60 feet of wasn, bedrock was encountered a!nd the ledge uncovered. Aft:r drifting 40 feet the ore chute was struck and followed no feet without a break, varying in width from one to eight feet and having an average width of 2 1-2 feet. The average value, based on the assays made by the company, was placed at $80 to the ton in silver and lead. Esti- matihg the ore back at 50 feet from the tunnel to the surface would give $100,000 worth of ore above the tunnel level. The tunnel has been timbered to bedrock. ln driving through the ore chute in the tunnel no ore was stoped, but about 160 tons were taken out in the course of the development. After passing through the ore chute of 110 feet the tunnel was continued on the ledge about 50 ft- towards and under the old workings. While the ledge showed good quartz, the values were not there, but it is believed with further drifting another ore chute will be encountered which is opened up in the old workings and which when struck, will give a vertical depth of 600 feet, approximately. In order to make the property produce as soon as possible and to assist in paying expenses of development, instead of continuing the tunnel under the old workings, a second tunnel has been started directly under tunnel No. 1 at a further depth of 62 feet. If the ore chute of tunnel No. 1 is found to be continued in tunnel No. 2, it is estimated that 17,050 feet of ore will be blocked out between the two tunnels. Estimating 10 cubic feet of ore to the ton would give 1,704 tons. If assay valties of $80 to the ton are maintained this block of ore would be worth $136,000, or a total of $236,000 worth ot ore from the second tunnel to the surface. Tunnel No. 2 is now in and timbered for 150 feet, where bedrock was again encountered. The superintendent estimates that the men are now within 20 feet of the ledge and 100 feet from the ore chute. The work is going ahead at the rate of about four feet per day, with three eight-hour shifts- It is the intention to maike an upraise as soon as the ore chute in tunnel No. 2 is penetrated, and then stope out the ore and continue both tunnels in under the old workings and into the ore chute known to exist there. The superintendent estimates 1,200 tons of ore in sight above the first tunnel level. The report recommends the building of a road 1-13 mile to connect with the government road to Silverton. Silver Cup and Nettie L.—Fourteen hundred tons of ore from these mines conveyed during the winter and spring to Trout Lake Landing is now being shipped to the smelter. The gross value of the ore is said to be in the neighbourhood of $195,000. Easst Kootenay.—Shipments from the Windermere district to date are as follows: Mue. Pounds. Value. Paradise 1,598,310 Paradise, in transit 300,000 Delphine 73,831 $3,529 26 Delphine, in transit i35>5O0 Red Line, in transit 162,000 Swansea 4,000 White Cat 2,000 Silver Belt 29,500 1,456 00 M. T. Fraction ' 34,000 2,252 29 M. T. Fraction, in transit 45,000 Bunyan 1,000 2,385,141 $7,286 55 Yukon—The total gold shipments from Dawson to the outside for the present season, since, the opening of navigation, amount in round numbers to $6 500,000. Up to August 1 the shipments, as shown by the export certificate records ■in the comptroller's office, aggregate $5,883,347. Since the first of this month two bank shipments of a quarter million dollars each have been sent out and a number of fat individual pokes have been taken by different ones. The record given by the comptroller is the first exact record" ever afforded in the territory, but since not all the exports of the several camps in the territory are recorded here from month to month, the total as given does not embrace some of the shipments from other places, which may amount in the aggregate to $100,000 or $200,000 more. The other chief points which may export gold are Big Salmon and Forty-Mile. The shipments from Dawson by months this season were as follows: May, $19,890; June, $3,550,324; July, $2,313-130. During the month of July there were recorded at the Commissioner's office, 163 placer grants, 590 renewal licences, 120 quartz claims, and 140 renewals of quartz licences. The revenue from the sale of free miners' certificates during the month was $5,439- Since the establishment of the Seattle Assay Office in July, 1898, nearly $60,000,000 in gold has been deposited at that institution. The following official statement is issued under date of July 1st, 1902: Number of deposits, 21,092; troy ounces 3,506,032.66; avoirdupois tons, 120 1-5; coinage value $57,563,046.25. Origin of the foregoing:— Nome, Alaska $7,773751 00 Balance of Alaska 1,613,313 00 Toibal for Alaska $ 9 387,064 00 British Columbia 2,465,094 26 Yukon Territory 45,109,318 76 Washington, Oregon, Idaho and foreign gold ..coin 601,56923 Totalf $57,563,046 25 The foregoing is not the total output of the districts mentioned, as a portion is shipped each year to the United States mints-and to other United States assay offices and those of British Columbia. The customs returns for July were $102,226.81 as compared with $68,255.03 during the corresponding month of last year- In 1901 only 35 per cent, of the merchandise sent into the Yukon was of Canadian origin. This year, however, the returns show an increase to 60 per cent. Kodaks, Photographic Supplies FINISHING FOR AMATEURS. C. H. Smith & Co., 32 Fory\^h VICTORIA, B. C. 324 THE MINING KECORD. LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST. Prepared by the Stuart Robertson Co., Ltd., successors to A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. C. Week Ending Saturday, August 2. Week Ending Saturday, August 9. Week Ending Saturday August 16. Week Ending Tues August 26. day, Companies. Highest. Lowest. Highest. Lowest Highest Lowest. Highest. Lowest. CO Q a T3 CD M CO 1 •6 i V M < •0 S ■6 V M CO "2 S T3 CU g CO •0 s •6 cu M CO <! iS •D tu M CO << •0 n $ i8i-4 35 117 50 2 T3 CO !3 S cu CO ■d s 1 § Cariboo McKin'y, • Cariboo Hydra'lic $0 18 I 05 40 125 00 m 90 39 112 50 $ 0 i7 1 05 39 120 00 334 14 90 38 112 50 254 $ 1934 1 'l% 90 3936 3SJ4 127 SO 120 OO 3% *A $ I6J4 90 39 120 00 3« $ '5 3734 112 50 $ 22>g 90 39 130 00 3 % 21 36 120 00 234 $ :9K 90 37 127 50 3 $ 24 90 43 K 125 00 3 $ 21 43 120 00 :2j* $ 21 90 38 125 OO- 3 $ 1954 36 . 119 50 '34 8 53* Clow's Nest P. C. Dardanelles Fairview Corp'n.. &A 8 7% 5 734 8 6%. 5 $4 8 6 1 834 5 93-a' 734 834 534 m 8J£ 5 9 9 8& 7^ 9 7 North Star 19 17 8r 1 00 7 14 '% 8 50 3 00 16 79 13 2 90 19 163^ 80 1 00 7 14 ¥3? 8 40 3 00 15 15 7«J* 12 I 2 70 20 19 80 1 00 7 14 1% 5 50 3 00 17 16 7«lA &A ik 2 80 19 17 79 1 00 634 13 4 40 2 90 16 15 77 5 J* 2 70 20 19 81 1 00 6J* 14 5 50 2 90 18 16 78 5K 12 1% 2 80 20 18J4 79& 1 00 6 13 2 4 40 2 80 17 15 78 5 12 1% 2 70 20 18 79 1 00 634 20 % 5 50 3 00 17 76 534 J7>« 2% 2 70 19 17 74K 1 00 6 13 25i 4 40 3 00 Slocan Star War Eagle St. Eugene j Granby i 73 5 12 ! 2 40 RERCY W. CHARLESON STOCK AND INVESTMENT BROKER, N0THRY PUBLIC FOR BRITISH ©OLUMBia. ©, BOX 187. Tel. 140 and 743. Vancouver, B. Q. .Mining and Industrial Stocks bought and sold for Cash or on Margin on all Exchanges, Mines and Prospects Bought and Sold. Estates managed; Investments made; First-class Mortgage Securities on improved city property netting 5 per cent, to 6 per cent always on hand. A Private Banking Business Transacted. Notes Discounted. Advances Made. FIRE, LIFE, ACCIDENT AND MARINE INSURANCE. References—Any Bank in Vancouver, also Dun's & Bradstreets Agencies. "MINERAL ACT AMENDMENT ACT, 1898." 1^ OTICE is hereby given that under the provisions of ■*■ ^ section 143 of the 'Mineral Act," His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to rescind the order of the 15th of May, 1902 published in the British Columbia Gazette oif the same date, with regard to the interpretation to be placed upon paragraph 2 of section 5 of the "Mineral Act Amendment Act, 1898," and to make the following order in lieu thereof, namely:— That paragraph 2 of section 5 of the "Mineral Act Amendment Act, 1898," be ] so interpreted that, should any Free Miner perlform assessment work on his claim during any one year to- the value of one hundred dollars or more in excess of the amount required to be done in any one year by the "Mineral Act" the right thereby given such Free Miner of recording a certificate of work done to the value of each one hundred dollars, so as to cover his assessment work for an additijnal year in respect olf each one hundred dollars in excess, shall be exercisable only, during the year in which such excess shall be performed. And it is further ordered that this order shall take effect from the first day of June, 1902. JEFFREY ELEVATING MACHINERY . FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, POWER PLANTS. Designed for Handling Material ofall kinds. SEND FOR CATALOSUEiJ'j' THE JEFFREY MFG.CO/Columbus.O. Provincial Secretary's Office, 5th August, IQ02- J. D. PRENTICE, Clerk Executive Council. NOTICE. \ "Canadian Contingent Exemption Act, 1902." All South African Volunteers entMed to avail themselves ot the privileges of the above act are requested to communicate with the undersigned without delay, as. also the next of km of those deceased, or of those who have not yet returned to British Columbia, or any other persons interested mTminjng pr°Pert,les held by such volunteers ihe latest date for receiving applications for exemption under the above act is the 21st day olf September, 1902. EDWD. GAWLOR PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B. C, 4th of August, 1902. rHE MINING RECORD. CITY OF VICTORIA. The Metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of'the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours" sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. Flowers the year round. SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Elec- .tric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and Lodging Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre of the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of ioo miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIINJ, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman. Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Room 20 Bank of British North America VANCOUVER B, C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities. , New Mining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical ard Metallurgical Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list of graduates and their occupations, address P. W. McNair. President, Houghton, Mich. FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in the best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., SLOCAN, B, C Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. n Hi Dredgers AW aDoress W|fey SCOTLAND. LOBNlf Z & C0- Ltd., siw Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. ANCHOR WIRE FENCE I Patented 7 Sept., 1894-No- 46991 IS MHE Strongest, Cheapest, BEST IN THE MARKET To be had only from THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C. CANADIAN MINING INSTITUTE Nelson Meeting. A Public Meeting of Mining Engineers, Mine and Smelter Managers, and all who may be interested in promoting the welfare Of the profession and industries of mining and metallurgy within the Province of British Columbia, will be held in the City of Nelson, B. C, on the evenings of Wednesday and Thursday, September, 10 and 11, Next AT 8 O'CLOCK. A highly interesting programme of papers of interest to the mining profession of the province will be offered for discussion. A branch of the Institute, to be known as " The British Columbia Branch of the Canadian Mining Institute," will be organized. All mining men will be cordially welcomed to these meetings. SINGLE FARE ©N R2LILWHY. By special arrangement with the Canadian Pacific Railway mining men, desirous of attending these meetings, will be carried to and from Nelson for a single fare. In order to obtain this concession they must obtain from their ticket agent the usual form of standard convention certificate. By buying a single ticket and having this certificate signed by the Secretary of the Institute, they will be returned free of charge. Charges Fergie, M. E., President. R. R. Hedley, Chairman. B. T. A. Bell, Gen. Secretary. J©HN DAVIS & Son, (Derby) Limited, England. HIGHEST GRADE AND MOST IMPROVED Surveying, Mining and Engineering Instruments. SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED COM BIN ED TRANSIT AND LEVELS—Dust and Rain Proof, for Railroad, Bridge City, Land and General Engineering Work. Anemometers. ST^JSIJlSbSSlS' Drawing Instruments. SAFETY LAMPS of all kinds, Lamp parts and Supplies. Send for Catalogue and Prices. Stock at Montreal. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA Francis T. Peacock, Canada Life Building, MONTREAL THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH e©LUMBlft THE MINERAL PROVINCE OF eHNHDH. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Cool, Coke, Oil Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines of British Columbia have produced over ^ $180,000,000. f Amount and Vauje of Mineral Products for 1899, I9°° AND 1901. Gold, placer.... Gold, lode Silver Copper Lead Coal Coke Other materials. Customary Measure Ounces Pounds Tons, 2,240 lbs., 1899. 1900. Quantity. 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7.722.591 21,862,436 i.3°6,324 34,251 Value. $1,344,900 2,857,573 1,663,708 1,351,453 878,870 3,918,962! i7i,255| 206,400 Quantity. 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 $12,393,121! Value. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value $1,278,724 3,453,38i 2,309,200! 1,615,289 2,661,887 4,318,785 425,745 251,740 43,294 227,696 4,685,718 30,736,798| 50,529,260! 1,529,210 134,760 092,500 2,704,210 2,614,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587,630 673,800 309,030 $ 16,344 751| $ 20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131; for 1900 $16,344,751; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have 'enlered -the working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of " poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields ih the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts o'f money are being installed in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1000. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention. and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson. Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prospected in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir. Cariboo-McKinney and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORES are being extensively worked_ at Rossland by the Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mlines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone in 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the prov'nee in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent. wHle the lead production increased 206 per cent., largely derived from properties in East Kootenay, rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, hut the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost un- mited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will . amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on the Coast, in the Simlilkameen valley, etc., give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of an iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific Coast in the near future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. COAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19,234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1,500 to 2,000 tons olf coal per diem. Of this output Sn 1900, 914,183 tons of coal and 51 757 tons_of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda ; while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kotenay and two others on the coast. Refineries are yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper business care is used, and the experience of - competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LANDS.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information., reports, bulletins, etc., address The Hon. the Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C. W. F Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist. VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD -AhHNWERSVX THE EDWARD P. A^M^^Wt^^^ & CHA^^t&^iS^rES IRON WORKS, '|p|DN M FO. CO. Milwaukee, Wis. Chicago, 111. I|§&ft Chicago. 111. Scranton.Pa. BUI LDERS OF Copper Converting Machinery MilllllffillliS We make a specialty of Copper Converting Machinery and are prepared to furnish : Copper Converters Bisbee Type Parrot Type Stalmann Type Hydraulic Machinery Accumulator System Pressure Tank System Hydraulic Transfer Cars Hydraulic Mold Carriages Refining Machinery Blowing Engines Boiler Plants, Etc., Etc. Some of our recent orders : Calumet & Arizona Mining Co. Moctezuma Copper Co. Arizona Copper Co. Granby Cons: Min. & Smelt. Co. Northwestern Smelt. &'Ref. Co. Geo. Westinghouse Copperfield Mines Bingham Cons. Min. & Sm. Co. The illustration shows our Standard "Trough" or Bisbee Converter. The shell, neads and nose are made of heavy steel plate; the riding-ring of cast steel; the gear wheel is a full circle faced and bolted to a faced circular casting riveted to the head. The rack is hinged at the bottom and held in place by a cam. The wind-box is furnished with Dyblie valves. BRANCH OFFICES: NEW YORK, BroadExrhangeDlilg. PITTSBURG. I2l2jf|{< Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 (brnExcluiMieBWj. DENVER, l649TromontSl. GENERAL aSMtfCB: 1MMHMMI HOME INSURANCE BUILDING BRANCH OFFICES: SALT LAKE CITX Dooly Block. SPOKANE, '512 Firs!Ave. SAN FRANCISCO, ^HayvaidHldj. LONDON. ENG. leODastiwoodltouse THE MINING RECORD AlBIOIALiMERSlGa SUe|E|f©ft,TO THE EDW^IppjrALLI S i^^^^tASER ft cliALMEH^^^TES jpON WORKS, 'tSc.KSON MKp; CO. &7'S Milwau,t^e'VSf^^^M Chicago; 111. Chicago, 111., Scranton.Pa. WE ARE EXTENSIVE BUILDERS OF SM EL.TI ERY . This illustration shows one of four 44 in. x 160 in. Steel Water-Jacketed Copper Furnaces built by us for the Granby Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., of British Columbia. This furnace, which embodies all the latest improvements in copper smelting, has an extraordinarily large capacity and is giving most excellent satisfaction. For the past thirty years we have made the manufacture of Copper and Lead Smelting Plants a specialty. We have the largest shops in the world devoted to this class of work, equipped with the most improved machinery. Copper and Lead Furnaces Copper and Lead Smelting Plants Copper Converting Plants Copper Converters SOLE BUILDERS OF Reynolds Blowing Engines BRANCH OFFICES^ IEW YORK. Broad ExrhaiigeDldg. fliTSBURG, 1212 Frick Bldg-, 7 IINNE^0US,4l6fornExcnaiijeBlda; *ENVER. l649TromonlSl. GENERAL/ OFFICE: ». HOMEMNSURANCE BUlU)INO^ ^BRANCH OFFICES: ^P^NE^^if^7 SAN FRANCISCO. «23HaywinlBI(Ig. LONDON. ENG. 160 Oastmoodllause r- \ THE MINING RECORD. HOLMAN BROS. I O AM BORNE, ,:. §v OORNWALL Manufacturers of Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery The Holman Patent Roek Drill Specially Adapted to B. C: Mining. Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition Awarded Gold Medal kr& Drills and Duplicate Parts, Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc. IN STOCK AT Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. London, 1899 Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. Paris, 1900 High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. BENNETT'S FUSE CROWN BRAND THE KING OF FUSES The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal, and the World over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— WHY? We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. m N.T. w&s> We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for illustrated catalogue, free. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. ESTABLISHED 1862.1 Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd. TIME TABLE. HL9SKH ROUTE. From Victoria and Vancouver for Skagway direct. Princess May and Amu make regular sailings connecting with White Pass and Yukon route. VieT0RIfl»YSNe©DYER R0UTE Leave Victoria daily I a.m S. S. Charmer. Leave Vancouver daily at 1.15 p.m. Northern B, &. Coast Route. • S.S. Tees, Leave Victoria 11 p m. every Thursday. S.S. Princess Louise leave Vancouver 2 p.m. every Friday. and 16th of month. For Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, Rivers Inlet, Namu, Bella Bella, China Hat, Lowe Inlet, Skeena River, Metlakahtla, Port Simpson, Naas River and intermediate ports, calling at Bella Coola bi-monthly and Skidegate monthly. Yictoria<New Westminster Route, S. S. R. P. Rithet. Leave Victoria, Tuesdays and Fridays 7 a.m. Leave New Westminster, Wed. nesdays and Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Mayne, Steveston and Guichon- L. PARNACOTT & CO. 93 Chelmsford Rd., Walthamstow, England Beg to notify Mine Companies and Owners, that they can supply them with any number of Good Experienced Miners From several parts of the continent. New Westminster-ehilliwack Route. Str. Beaver. Leave New Westminster Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 8 a.m. Leave Chilliwack Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays 7 a.m. Calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Chilliwack. New Westminster'Steveston Route. Str. Transfer. Leave New Westminster daily 3 p.m., excepting Saturday leave at 2 p.m. Leave Steveston, Mon., Tues., Wed.,Thurs., 7 a.m.; Pri, 6 a.m.: Sat., 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. calling at Fraser River landings between New Westminster and Steveston. West Coast Route. S. S. Queen City. Leave Victoria, 1st, 7th,14th and 20th day of month for Pt. Renfrew, Carmanah, Classose, Dodger's Cove, Ecole, Alberni, Sechart, TJclulet, Clayoquot and Ah- ouset, for Cape Scott and intermediate ports on the 20th each month. This company reserves the right to change this Time Table at any time without notice. For full particulars as to time, rates, etc., apply to nearest C P. R. agent or to J. W. TROUP, E. J. COYLE, Manager, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, VICTORIA. VANCOUVER: FOR SALE. A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer, 645, Victoria, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C- GWILLIM, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. I^ate of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), six years' experience in E, C. mining districts. I BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P.O. Box 43. JOHN REDMAN, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. J.M. MCGREGOR, B.A. Sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. McGregor & co., MININGand CIVIL ENGINEERS cs, ^^am rrt rs. and LAND SURVEYORS. OLUUAIN] D . O ■ Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in'doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. W. A, BAUER, D.L.S.. P US. 6n Hastings St., Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, D.L.S., P,L,S. Greenwood, B.C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors. Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND CAMBORNE. Th* YMIR DISTRICTaS'S'SS^a. best mining investments to be found in B C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments . Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. THE STUART ROBERTSON CO., Ltd., Successors to A. W. MORE & CO. MINING AND 5T0CK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's, Moreing & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. 23 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B. Sc. (McQilt). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst. ofMech. Eng. of England. » , Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. B. H. HURST, STOCK SHARE BROKER. Cables : " Hurst. All Codes. Bankers : Canadian Bank of Commerce Victoria, B. C. J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. H. COLLINSON, ^ vasn Andasmeiter. Provincial Licensed Assayer. Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, ISte- THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Langley Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Next to I,aw Courts John Hunner. John Harris. HUNNER & HARRIS, MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS. Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We have for sale Al properties for capitalists or small investors in B. C or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts weknowwhat we are talking about. Lei us know your requirements. American and English leferences Codes. "Bedford McNeill," " Cloughs." . Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis Prompt attention to samples by mail or express. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory: Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M.E. and C.E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, - CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, ^nTnggerco0,niSf.ribO0 Hyd- Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28 years' experience in the equipment and operation of targe Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, Thift and Gold Quartz Mines, in ■ California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, office: j|,^g^ck) Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. M., M.N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F. G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON, YUKON, CANADA. Cable Adcress: " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H.Gore. J. H. McGregor. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. E. JACOBS, Books of Aec E Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. :ount Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regularly xamined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E. M. Can.I.M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. R. C. Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. RELIABLE ASSAYS Gold j .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 I*ead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO., 1429 16th St., DENVER Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, KAMLOOPS, B.C. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made on Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. E. M. SANDILANDS Notary Public, Mines, Stocks & Insurance Repiesenting—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phoenix Insurance of Loudon, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Association. Slocan Mines. Crown Grants Obtained. SANDON, B. C. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address: " Silverlands." Richard H Parkinson Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member ot the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. Cecil M. Bryant A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1S90. MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS, Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wfl. M. BREWER, HINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. Molsons Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B.C. TEL. 846. T. J. SMITI P. O. BOX 43 ) M I IN I ING BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims. Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C JW-SPECIAI, ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL-^1 WINDCRMERE DISTRICT CHAS. F. NICHOLSON CERTIFICATED ASSAYER AND CHEMIST. The district is attracting capital and affords the best field for investment in the Province. Many of the best claims are still in the hands of original owners who want to meet investors. Reliable reports furnished on these properties. These reports can be referred to an expert who can decide whether it is worth while for him to examine the property. Information concerning the district nd its resources furnished on applicaiion Assessment work superintended for non-resident claim owners. Personal attention given that good work is done where it will most benefit the property. PETERBOROUGH, B. C. EAST KOOTENAY. THE MINING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. Adverti IT IS NO GOOD- in the British Press Unless you understand how to approach the British Public. The best way to do this is to EMPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. jjjfc. J. WALKER'S I BRITISH AND CANADIAN PRESS BUREAU." 24 Coleman St., London, E. C. R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos,etc, THE MINING JOURNHL Railway and Commercial Gazette Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers, and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: 12 months. 6 months. 3 months. Canada 28s. 14s. 7s- Payable in Advance. TheMINERAUNDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price |5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assess-mems levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable tecnnical monographs embodied in the present volume are tne following: Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1900. by J. B. O. Kershaw; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L K. Bohm;, Clay and its manufacture into bri k and tile, by H. Ries; Manufatture of water gas, with special reference to European conditions, by George Lunge; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive poWer, by G. Lunge; Progteas in the Metallurgyof Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke;. Notes on the leaching of copper sul pbide ores, by S. R. Adc-ock: Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by K. Keller; Raritan Copper Works general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks; Mttnufacure of blue vJ.iroi from argentiferous copper, by J. G Clemmer; Recent progress in the Henderson process of extracting copper from pvri tes cinders, by J.G. Clemmer Elourspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illinois, by W.E. Burk; Diamoudiferous deposits in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs; Progress in the cvanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.: Present development of the barrel ehlorina ion process by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by K.H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson; Assa of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iion and sleel metallurgy a'the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe; Alloys of iron, by H. Souther; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. 0. Hoffman: Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake; Electrolyzing nickel-copper matte, by T. Ulke; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorkovitz; Origin and occurrence of petroleum, in California, by A. S. Cooper; Statistics of tbe potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornut g and E. C. Mackey-Heriot; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by F.Klockman; Manufacture of potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites m 1900, by J.B C, Kershaw; Progress in the sulphuric acid Indu-try in 1900, by F.J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.; Review of the tin industry of ihe Malay peninsula to the end of 1893, by F. Owen; Review of the progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls; Pyritic smelting, by v\ R. Carpenter; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sauveur; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Pi ogress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards; Concentration of the Broken Hill (>J.S.W.) sulphide ores, bv T. J. Green way; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R.W. Raymond;.Notes on elect'o-chemistry, by C. F. Chandler THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. Agent for Imperial, Cramer and Hammer Plates, Aristo-Platino,Solio, Klo- ro, Velox and Dekho Papers 41 PANDORA St. Victoria, B. C. Dominion Hotel VICTORIA, B. e. NC\\1 AMn A/IArtETDM Telephones connecting rooms with office, L.VY AINU IVlUULnlN! Private Baths, Electric Lighted, Return s Call Bells, and First-Class service. American Plan, $1.25 Up a Day, European Plan, 50c. to $1,50 a Day THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Is recognized as the leading financial journal of the United States. Ih addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries ofthe country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than an y publication in the U.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business nouses it is used as a work of reference. Ii you desire to reach the monej ed cl&ss ofthe country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterprisSe can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal in the United States. Subscripiion price $1.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 & 86 L,£ Salle St., Chicago,111. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established I85S. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits aid Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at RoTal Agricultural Exhibition '95. '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTOENGRAVING COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. L.EGG, SEND FOR SAMPLES. MANAGER. THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC The Robertson-Godson eo'y* Ltd. Vancouver, B. Q. S^^°SSi2ffl?t^^l?^TlaeSf^,at ^ <£*»** Irou< 0anada Plates> Ti° «* Tern Plates, Etc. Water Works SnpplS g ' ValveS' FlttmSs and Brass Goods ; Estimates furnished for Cast-iron Water Pipes and PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES7-A complete stock on hand; we are headquarters for British Columbia BOILED AND RAW LINSEED OIL. WHITE LEAD-Robertson's Chemically Pure is Standard for Canada. > e are manufacturers of and carry in stock White Lead, Lead Pipe, Brass Goods, Shot, Marble for Plumbers' use, Lacquer for Canners WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. THE ROBERTSON-GODSON CO., Ltd, 32 Hasting St., Vancouver. Stock Certificates -SND- Mining Stationery of all kinds in stock or supplied to order. First-class artists employed and satisfaction guaranteed. We number among our customers some of the largest producing mines in B. C, and special attention is paid to this branch of our business. eCSaeK PRINTING e©., Province Building, VICTORIA, B. e. TURNER, BEETON & CO'Y Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Finsbury Circus, London, England. faS:iEk Wholesale Merchants. ■■■I „ . , Telegraphic Addresses : bOOdS indented from all parts ofthe world. ' 'TURNER," Victoria; " BEETON," London; I TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson wood, vaLLMeE & eo„ Hamilton. Toronto Office, Bay Street South. GEO. D. WOOD & eo. Winnipeg. Wood, Yallance & Leggat, Limited Bar Iron, Steel, Waste ©re Sacks WHOLESALE HHRDWHRE, VANCOUVER, B. 6. (Successors to Tbos. Dun & Co., Ltd,) AND »LL MINING _ SUPPLIES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. R. R. RITHET & CO. Wholesale Merchants, Shipping & Insurance Agents. Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Columbia Flouring Mill ; agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing Company, Cheminus, V.I.; Pacific Coast Steamship Co., San Francisco. WHARF" STREET, VIOTORIA, B. O. *' i THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. NCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, bmbushed .*<>. BANK OF MONTREAL. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Board of Directors-Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. CM. G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. A.T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald; ft. B. Angus, isq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E. S. CLOUSTON..; General Manager [ F, W. TAYLOR Assistant Inspector A, MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches JAMES A1RD becretary *• S. CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns ( Montreal-H. V- MEREDITH U ManaSer BRANCHES IN CANADA: ISfiH In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, EX., Alexander Lang, Manager. In the TJnitfd States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank .of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain-London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Rank the National Prov Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—lh9 .British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, , The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J. Province or British Colttmria—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New j; Moors & Co Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. | First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Cahfornian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. Province op Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chat- I ham, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderieh, Guelph. Hamilton, King- ' ston, Lindsay,London, Ottawa, Perth Pe'erboro, Picton, S*rnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto, Tot onto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province op Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. John N.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Province op Manitoba and Kokth-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Eegina, Assiniboia. In Newfoundland-St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. ^j|| ESsJS <^% anko merce With Which is Amalgamated Trine Bank of British Columbia. HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO. -i 1 Paid Up Capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund •■ 2,000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 7o,ooo,ooo HON. GEO. A. COX, President. B. E. WALKER, General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST„ E. C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, Fernie, . White Horse. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood* Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalg am. W. T. OLIVER, Mgr., Victoria, B. C. SEATTLE Smelting L Re WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrator. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON, B. C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT Purchases GORRER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in B. O. Apply "A" Box 246 Victoria, B. 0. -i— THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVtR ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Co- (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY. Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Nanaimo Coal. Jsed Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. Southfield Coal. Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal. (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating .power, unequalled by ay other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke, j THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favorite Lei for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qual- ies make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised am the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Pro- ction Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure .Bay if Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Specif spatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAHUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. Sh THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—fi.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PACIFIC LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to H. H, ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway. TIME T»BLE NO. 44. Southbound. Northbound. Daily. Arrive. Leave. a.m. p.m. Victoria 9 :oo 12:06 Shawnigan Lake 10:20 10 46 Duncans 11 :co 10 :o2 P.M. Nanaimo 12 45 8:15 Ar. Wellington 1 :oo Lv. 8 :oo Northbound. Leave. a.m. Victoria 4 =25 Shawnigan Lake 5:42 Duncans 6:20 Nanaimo 8:02 Ar. Wellington 8 :iy Sat., Sun. and Wed. Southbound. Arrive. P.M. 8:lO 7:01 6:05 4:25 Lv. 4:10 Thrniiah Tickets to erofton via Westholme, . Stage leaves Daily, connecting with North and Sonth bound trains, Double stage service Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays, connecting with morning and afternoon trains. Fare from Victoria, Single $2, Return $3. Throuah Tickets Victoria to HIberni— Stage leaves Wellington Tuesdaysand Fridays on arrival of train from Victoria. Returning from Alberni Mondays and Thursdays. Fare from Victoria, single, 15.20, return $8.65 Throuah Tickets Victoria to eowichan Lake via Duncans—Stage leaves Duncans Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Fare from Victoria $5.00 return. Excursion rates in effect to all points good Saturday and Snnday. GEO. L. COURTNEY, Traffic Manager. msm A«fc«te^>#D»^ -HAVE- GmiEm^L sTOR&m -AT- Baie de Peres|p Batt|£ford Cha^ij&M^ Dauphin 7'^S Delo^m|§£? Edmonton -'.. Bttft William Y^|fcamloops |||Langlp|p |||§7. Lethbridge Lower Fort Garr jf ftfjSMacleod ?i^iattaw|^f SjffiWi Morden llpfe. Nelson Pincher |iGreek yp^l^Pfcla'iPrairie Port Simpsbft-T Prince Albert ">[ -|M*Appel|e?l:'; Quesnelle |^^K'^at Portage jTjsiding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury Touchwood Hills ,^*| VancouyMMj Victoria^ Vernon .... Whitewpod Winnipeg And at other principal poiTt^^^lSsh Colum'tt^/Manitobaali'd-'NorthweW Terrifies. Purchasers will find a the||lstoresfhe bes^gpods at mode^i^^ices,'^ported di#ct froffi^ll|Jthe principal markets of the world. GENUIN|0AljniNq| IlEATHER BElIiNG! Actien»^ell^K,Mlheim on Rhine FotpExposed Situations pse ^an-iMfirc" Hair Siting. Catalogues and discounts on application. D. K. ^fflc|ARei, Monikal, l§yonto. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL LEAlErS ANj> CABLE^ ^■jW' Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding fire damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIR|||®^^feR MINIip|; Round and Flat Wire. Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, PatentLocked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. :ffi2r IRON, Sl|iE^SfPPER AND BRONZEJ||lRE Superior qualities, .: r -. SOLE AGENTS KOR CANADA WAlSONlfACl§& CO. 7 ST. HELEN STREET MONTREAL pin PnlnDDti^Hbc straightlI^SHlex, Ml tt wUmrnLOOUnO.-simpleoi-compound. ROCK DRILiS.- STEAM or AIR. THf CANlftlRANliDRILLiGilPiii y^NeouYER, b. e. ROSSI^tND, B. e. GREENWOOD, B. 6. 10,000 P|LTOIN»A/Ht:i|L^ NOW RUNNING. Electric Tratismis^pn an|^ K'"rl'".■. Mini|g:|^ The.Pi-LTdN Water-Whe|1iC<I| Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 121-129 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ^Hifl SMELTING W#RKS -aT- LHDYSMITH Prepared tor Purchase Ores as From August J st* ^^^ftniejpi to E* & N* or Sea. CLERM(|NT LIVINGSTON|Mar|ger. NORTHWESfEuN SMELTING ANf REFINliG CO. Il Buyers of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, Matps, ; Bullionj£Furnace and Cyaijjjde productff LOCATION OF WORKS Croffjbn, VancouverHlslari^feS Published by tbe B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by T. R. Cusack, Victoria, Canada. THE HlTONlLECTRIC COMPAli E!ectric7C|^pprs. Blowers. Motors. Spans. Dynamos. ffPectricfining Apparatus. IviliroRiA, B. c. WOOD. VHLLHNeE & e© Hamilton. Wood, Yallance & Leggat, Limited WHOLESALE HHRDWflRlf VaN<2©UYER, B. e. (Successors to Thos. Dun & &o„ Ltd.) ^'iVSrif*P'° !B|r Iron, Steel. Waste 0re Sackif*^** CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. HacficfCoast Smelting and Refining|Wor)^^ PURC^pRsftlMPLERS AND SME|TERS ji^OLD, SILVER and C§PPER ORES AND FURNACE PRODUCTS. ADDRESS ™i3CO|PEFf Kirii, UNMTfp. QFrlij&^Grocker BuHdingJSan Fn$hcisco, Califbrnla§| BasildoffUJ^, 7 to II Moo|!gate Street, London, E.C. HH^WBSH IF Ydf ARE EjlLLfW A HOUH We Carry in Stick the Largest Assortment in Canada of VEfrarati I NGM0R FL00RS> HEARTHS, BATHROOMS, Ac. Brass Fellers, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coaf -iS$utt(Q$£ &dS PARQUETTE FL&RfliG. House Hardware fn Latest and Best Designs. MeL|rinan, Mcni ditto.' whole^^Ile hard^I^^^ VANCOUVE^Se. DAWSON, Y. T. THE Jenckes STEAM ENGINES : With our Improved Governor and Safety Device, new patent gab\aj$d and hook, and other speM|l|;: features of our design of this type of engine,*'j^Q.: commem' ithemselve$jj&v those requiring^ Durability, Economy & Easy Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Stea m - Poweijfp*!antj^D^signe«^|^?.MJffi7 installed for operation. Our figftras$j$jjre at your|jsgrvicej and we think you will find them reasonably. Send for catalogues ofja^tlgng in the Mining Machinery line. Free on request. ^^^^ke^JVl^iine Cf| ^^BsHpBKOOK^Ql^;' *mm ' Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax FRIEDf KRIIFPpRUSONWERK (Madgeburg-Buckau Germany.) ■BHHnnhldsh ilIM ORE CRUSHINGp Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller .Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work, Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION: Amalgamation. Tables and Pans, Las- rip's Gold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c Separation and Concentration—Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PMNT. AGENTS: |M4^JP'ETlE GOLD pm* DRESSING PlfftNT (a) For trea||dg by the Wet Method with Stamp-Matterie||.'Amalgamation and. Concentration. ;||||p'or Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. COAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works, sffisBa SaBar v^ssEa > For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke &. Co, 35 St. Francois Xavier tefe Montreal f For the UNITED STATES-^ps. ProsserMSon, WGold Street, New York For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 5%, Mexico For SOU||; AFRICA—United|Ejigineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S. A, R r> i THE MINING RECORD. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. M. PINCKARD, President. E. L. BYRB, Vice-President. J, M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager. VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of mVULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLING MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. THE ONLY Dredging Chain with Grit-Proof Articulations Elevator Dredqes for Placer Mining Link Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, U.S.A. IMPORTANT T© G0LO MINERS and Manufacturers of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES f For savlnfl Gold ill Quartz. Placer and Beach Mining. RICES GREATLY REDUCED. Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. 26 Medals awarded. Old Mining Plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought or Goid Separated. 85 years ln business here. Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to oontraot In weight of Sliver and Copper. Send for Ciroular. DENNISTON'S SAN FRANCISCO PLHTING WORKS B. G. DENNISTON. Proprietor. Telephone Main 5931 743 Mission St., San Francisco, Gal, '■» THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. no. o48 Irh^mirai Balance. Sensibility 1-10 milligramme or 1-650 grain. Six-inch beam, Agate bearings and improved fall-away pan-rests operated by a single thutnbpiece. Many ofthe largest corporations in the world use our Balances, among whom are the following: Mt. Lyell Mining & Railway Co., Tasmania : British America Corporation, British Columbia Sheffield Smelting Co., England; Great Boulder Perseverance Gold Mining Co., West Australia-; America Smelting & Refining Co., U.S. and Mexico. Send for Catalogue A-4 to WM. AINSWORTH & SONS, DENVER, COLO., U.S.A.' For sale by B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., Vancouver, B.C.; W. F. Teetzel & Co., Nelson, B.C.; C. M. Fassett, Spokane, Wash.; John Taylor & Co., San Francisco, Cal.; F. W. Braun & Co., Los Angeles, Cal. The B. C. Assay and Chemical Supply Co., Limited. Direct Importers of Hssayers' and Mill Supplies Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver Sole agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces. Burners, etc.; \V. Ainsworth & Sont>' Fine Balances Write for our prices ADDRESS 733 Pender St., Vancouver, B.C. One 12 in. x BO in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 1| z 3| x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Fairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C. Mining and Surveying Instruments I,ight Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List P. & R. WHITSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. A* Van Der Naillens p School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1S64. Open all year SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. PLATINUM REFINERS THE DENVER FIRE GLAY COMPANY, o <s H- New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET WE are always in the Market for CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. BAKER & CO. NEWARK, N. J. THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. AIesghen &Sons Rope Go. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF i PATENT FLATTENED STRAND SAFE DURABLE TRADEMARK REGI STER E D .) WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ft ^^mam wm wmeROPE W^^^mikm, 99 Centre Street, - Acw Vork, N. T. IK? Kast Lake Street* - Chicago* III* 85 Fremont Street, San Francisco, Cal* '-a, Are manufactured in great variety FOR MINING PURF Operated by Steam, Air, Electric or Water Power. Vertical Sinking Pumps, Bucket or Double Plunger Pattern. Deep Mine Station Pumps. :ake known your wants to the GEO. E. DOW PUMPING ENGINE CO., 'END F"OR CATALOGUE SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. TM SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine'Water Wheels. Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address THE STILLWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., 293 Lehman St., DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. AteMMJMS&MO IN m THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. The Bleichert Wire ROpe Tramway More Bleichert Tramways in use than all others. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Co., TRENTON.1N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist-Conveyors, Surface and Underground Haulage, Etc. Illustrated Book Upon Application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt&Co., 17 Burling Silp. Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building. Canton Steel Works The only plant in the United States devoted exclusively to the manufacture of steel for Mining and Railroad construction. Canton Brands are Hammered, not Rolled, and sold under GUARANTEE. Miners Will find the Steel List published by eaNTON STEEL e©'Y, DENVER, e©L©., contains much information which will prove of interest. Mailed upon application. McLennan, McFeely & 60., Agents for YHNeOUYER, b. e. The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc., by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR onJWIRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings^St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 46-48 Fremont St. San Francisco, Cal Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., OHICAGO, ILL. The Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES. LANG'S " PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. Branches :-Haliiax, N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland,B. C. THE MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. We Design and Manufacture Complete Equipments for The Humphrey Mill, Creede, Colorado. STAMP MILLS Concentrating Cyanide and Chlorination Plants and Sampling Works. Also have on hand all kinds of MILL SPECIALTIES. Bartlett, Cammett, Wilfley and Card Tables. Complete Specifications and designs furnished for the Most Modern Mills ofthe Day The Hendrie & Bolthoff Manfg and Supply Co. DENVER, COLO., U. S, A. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. Joshua Hendy Machine Works Hydraulic Mining Machinery Nos. 38 to 44 Fremont Street, San Francisco, Cal. ^JjfpNE'WO' "HENDY" Hydraulic Gravel Elevators, Water Lifters, Sand and Gravel Pumps. HYDRAULIC GIANTS—Double Jointed Bali-Bearing and Single-Jointed Giants. -rasc*^ HYDRAULIC DERRICKS—Operated by Hand, Steam, Water or Electric power. Correspondence Solicited. __,— Prices on Application. HYDRAULIC RIVETED PIPE. "Hendy" Double- Jointed Ball- earing Giant HAMILTON (Incorporated 1861. Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH OFFICE: VIOTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL offices: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. itbuer Belting, Packing and Hose "Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING 573, 575, 577 & 579 Market St., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. T 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. Vancoi n Works, Ld. EMGrlNEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON aPPLieHTIOK. Office and Works, Heatley Avenue, ■ VANCOUVER, B.C. THE MINING RECORD ELECTRICAL MACHINERY CANADIAN QENERdL ELECTRIC CO., LTD. CAPITAL 5T0CK, - $1,500,000. Head Offices: Toronto, Ont. Factories: Peterboro and Toronto- Ont.; Montreal, Que. BRANCH OFFICES: Halifax, N.S.. Montreal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Rossland, Vancouver, B. C. MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC MINING APPARATUS Hoists, Pumps, Blowers, Fans, Blasting Apparatus, Dynamos for Lighting and Power and Motors for All Purposes. Electrical Transmission of Power Successfully Operated up to Fifty Miles by our C. G. E. and S. K. C. Three Phase, onlyisffiffsr^t^ Transmission Systems BRANCH OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: Two Phase, R055LAND tB VANCOUVER. THE MINING RECORD. The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. Manufacturers of MONTREAL, P.Q. INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of AH Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. ) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. Catalogue and Details on Application to S FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C. JWftjJ| Mine Superintendents and Engineers will find it to their interest to refer to ns when in need of anything in the Pump line. We manufacture Pumping Machinery of all types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. cunliffe & McMillan, Agents at Kossland. VANCOUVER ENGINEERING WORKS, Agents at Vancouver. THE We also manufacture the NORTHY GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is gaining favor all over Canada, where any one of these characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. «s* jlrriiM 962 King St, Subway <~:~kk..;~X"K~:~:..:.«^^^ I The Brackmaim & Ker Milling Co., Ltd. I VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers ofthe Celebrated X Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with * the Best Quality of I IH Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. f| f 5* X Victoria. Nelson. Y Vancouver. Rossland. •!* New Westminster. Strathcona. B.&K.R0LULD OATS. (Registered.) Unequalled in the World, f BOYD, BURNS & CO. Plumbing and Engineering Supplies and Ship Chandlery. Iron and Brass Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Injectors, Oil Cups, Lubricators, Asbestos Board, Sectional Covering and Asbestos Cement, Leather, Rubber and Link Belting, Wire and Manilla Rope, Paints and Oils, Chain, Spikes, Loggers* Supplies, Sheet Iron and Other Metals 5,-55 ail S^eetan^ |g| VANCOUVER, B.C. The Mining Record VOL. IX. OCTOBER, 1902. No. 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the /"lining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORTIflER LAMB, managing Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office, Province Building. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C. Toronto: T. Simpson Jones, 77 Victoria Street. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year ■ Great Britain and Foreign, One year - ■ Advertising Rates on Application. $2.00 $2.50 Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. C. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. TAXATION AND THE MINES. P LSEWHERE in this issue we print a paper read •■—* at the recent meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute at Nelson by Mr. E. B. Kirby on the subject of the "Influence of Government on Mining7' This paper has already attracted much attention; but, it may be frankly admitted that we hesitated for some considerable time before deciding upon its publication in the Mining Record, and this, not. because we do not entirely sympathize with the course Mr. Kirby advocates—the removal or lightening of the burdens of direct and indirect taxation now imposed on the mining industry of the Province—but for the reason that to our mind Mr. Kirby has been carried by his zeal into making statements which are not only unwarranted in point of fact, but are also oi a nature likely to deter the further investment of capital in our mines. Some of these statements we cannot allow to pass unchallenged. As a general principle, it may be admitted that the amount of taxes paid by a community is a burden to that extent upon the industries of the country, although to that rule there are so many exceptions that it is a very unsafe guide to follow in practical legis lation. Yet it may be conceded that, other things being equal, a community in which taxes are light is more favourable to the prosecution or industry than a community where taxation is heavy. It may also be true, within limitations, that the burden of taxation ultimately falls upon the producer; and hence, that if the product is food, upon the farmer; if it is timber, upon the lumberman; if it is metal, upon the miner- using the term "miner" in the wide sense to include every one engaged in any way in the mining industry. Theoretically, the amount paid in taxes may be consid-: ered as so much in reduction of the profits of production. But these principles are applicable only to theoretical conditions. Practically such a diversity of considerations enter into all transactions that it is impossible to regulate them according to fixed rules of invariable application. Whether or not a tax is an injury to any particular industry can only be ascertained by practical test and cannot be settled by reference to academic principles. Therefore, while one may admit that mining can be more profitably carried on in a lightly taxed community than in one that is heavily taxed, it by no means follows that the taxes in British Columbia are a serious handicap to that industry here. Mr. Kirby confounds revenue with taxation. Not by any means all the revenue of the country is derived from taxation. Perhaps half the revenue of British Columbia is from that source, that is, so far as the Province itself is concerned. The amount paid the Province by the Dominion is derived from taxation, but not from provincial taxation, therefore it follows that this amount, which is nearly a quarter of a million dollars, must be left out of consideration in estimating the provincial taxation, otherwise, as it cannot be severed from the federal taxation, it would be twice counted. Of the remaining revenue of the Province, which may be roughly approximated at $1,350,000, about two-thirds is derived from taxes and one-third from-sources that cannot be called taxation. At an outside figure, the taxes paid to the Provincial Government have never exceeded $850,000 in any one year. In these are included the receipts from free miner's certificates, mining receipts, licenses, real property tax, wild land tax, income tax, mineral tax, revenue tax, fines and forfeitures, succession duty and royalty and tax on coal. The items not included are land sales, land revenue, timber royalty and licenses, rents, law stamps, probate fees, registry fees, assay office fees, printing office receipts, sales of Government property and other items of this nature. * & THE MINING RECORD. What proportion of the provincial taxation falls upon any particular industry must always remain a matter of guesswork, except so far as specific taxes go. It does not follow that because an industry yields a certain percentage of the products of the country, it necessarily pays the same percentage of . the .taxation. Admitting, for the sake of argument, that the mines of British Columbia produce nearly ' seventy-five per cent, of the output of all the provincial industries, that is, as Mr. Kirby claims, $20,000,- 000 out of $27,000,000, it by no means follows that mining pays nearly seventy-five per cent of the provincial taxes. In fact it would not be difficult to demonstrate that this is not the case. Directly it contributes only about thirty-seven and a half per cent, of the whole. Towards several large items, namely, real property tax, wild land tax, income tax and succession duty, mining as such contributes nothing at all, and these with the proportion of the revenue, tax, not paid by persons connected directly or indirectly with mining, amount to more than half the provincial taxation. A considerable percentage of the revenue derived from free miners' certificates cannot by any construction be held to be a tax on the mining industry. In short, taking the last official returns as a guide, it may fairly be claimed that coal and metalliferous mining paid about 40 per cent, of the provincial taxation, including therein all receipts from min1 ing, and of this 40 per cent, about three-fourths were paid by the metalliferous mines, or say thirty per cent, of the whole provincial taxation. If Mr. Kirby's estimate is correct and the mining industries yield , seventy-five per cent of all the products of the province, may not some pertinently suggest that a levy amounting to thirty per cent, of the total taxation is not an unreasonable impost? In respect to federal taxation, the same distinction must be observed as in the case of provincial taxation. The whole federal revenue is not derived from taxes. The amount so derived is something under $40,000,000, and of this a considerable portion, that is, some $13,000,000, is from excise on liquors and tobacco. It will hardly be objected that liquor and tobacco are materials used in mining. Doubtless miners and mine owners may in many cases use either or both to some extent, but no one has yet said that the price of these commodities affects the costs of mining. If the price of them were reduced, the cost of producing a ton of ore would certainly not be lessened. The cost of food and clothing may be increased by the tariff or it may not be. The point is a disputed one, but it will hardly be claimed that a reduction of the tariff on these articles would be followed by a reduction of wages. Moreover, in considering this point regard must be had to the conditions existing in the United States. There the cost of living averages as high as it does in Canada, so that Canadian miners are not at any disadvantage in this respect. Such considerations as the foregoing seem to show that no good purpose is likely to be served by an attempt to analyze the effect of the tariff upon miners' wages. There, however, remain certain articles to be considered, the heavy duty upon which, entering largely into use in mining as they do, is a serious burden. These are mining machinery and tools, candles, explosives, fuses, caps and other supplies. The duty, on these undoubtedly increase the cost of them, and in that way increases the. cost of mining. There is no gainsaying the fact that this form of indirect taxation is the heaviest burden the mining industry is called upon to carry. It is, however, hardly reasonable to urge this as an argument why the industry should not contribute its fair share towards provincial revenue. We are meanwhile in- agreement with Mr. Kirby's conclusions to this extent, that conditions of mining in British Columbia to-day are exceptionally difficult and that Government, both Federal and Provincial, might advantageously, as a matter of policy, da much to relieve the situation by the removal, for the time being at least, of restrictions and imposts, which, under unfavourable circumstances such as, for example, the low prices of metals and inadequate market facilities, now appear so disproportionately onerous. If it is true, as reported, that a Department of Mines is to be established under Dominion Government auspices, doubtless one of its first acts will be the investigation of mining conditions in British Columbia with a view to their amelioration. THE COAL STRIKE IN THE UNITED STATES. A T this present writing the great anthracite coal ■**■ miners' strike is still in progress in the United States. Both parties to the dispute anticipate for their side a triumphant issue. The operators assert that it is only a question of time when the places of the strikers will be taken by others; the miners state that they are in a position to hold out indefinitely and that they do not fear results. Meanwhile there are instances of disorder and the military has been called upon to preserve peace. In several instances there has been bloodshed. Winter is coming on. The supply of anthracite coal is getting short, so that high prices must prevail. It is only to be expected that with the approach of cold weather the condition of the strikers and their families will become more serious. It is impossible to regard this state of things with any other feeling than one of apprehension. The number of striking miners is said to be 147,000, and probably more than a quarter of a million workingmen are either directly or indirectly affected, involving more than'a million men, women THE MINING RECORD. 327 and children, and the direct and indirect loss to the community must be very great. The great wealth of the comparatively few individuals who control the eoal mines puts them beyond the influence of the inconvenience resulting from a rise in the price of coal, and enables them to contemplate a long cessation of profits with considerable equanimity. The strike does not impair their capital and they can afford the loss of dividends. Conceding to these people all the wisdom which their prominence in the business world implies, and also their due share of appreciation of social conditions, it may be well doubted if they are the best judges of what the welfare of the state demands. They are separated by a wide gulf from the toiling masses, who form the immense majority of the population and who, if they choose to assert themselves unitedly, must in the long run win. The conditions prevailing in the United States to-day are not so greatly dissimilar to those which existed in Imperial Rome, out of which grew slave rebellions with all their attendant horrors. A not unlike condition of things gave rise to the French Revolution. Too close a parallel must not be drawn, because the civilizations of the Third, the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries are divergent in many ways; but human nature remains the same in all ages and just as the patrician class in Rome, and the nobility in France failed to appreciate the strength of the movement among the working classes, so it is no reflection upon the intelligence of the great capitalists of the United States to suggest that they may not be able to grasp the consequences of the movements with which they are confronted. Fortunately there is in the United States what Rome scarcely knew and what France possessed only to a limited extent, a vast body of people who are neither wage earners nor capitalists. If this element of the community chooses to assert itself it can give laws to the others. These are the people whose opinions really constitute public opinion, that tremendous force against which in self-governing coun-f tries nothing can stand. It is upon this class that the safety of the nation may depend.. A dangerous feature of the industrial situation in the United States is found in the very large number of people employed in coal mining and other purely manual trades, who are not in close touch with what we call the Anglo-Saxon system of government. They are representatives of the Slavic and other races from Central Europe and they have not been taught either by tradition or experience to trust to the effect of peaceful agitation to secure the recognition of their rights. Of themselves they are not sufficiently numerous to bring about revolutionary conditions, but when the American-born working- man makes common cause with them, they become very formidable indeed. History shows that danger lurks in friction between the extremes of the <.om- munity. The average American workingman nav have very little sympathy with the filthy and igno.\mt immigrant from, say, Bulgaria; but if he thinks the latter is being imposed upon by his employers, he is hardly to be blamed if he determines to take sides with him. Smaller causes than the oppression of a few foreign workingmen, even though they may smell evilly and live huddled together in cabins hardly fit for animals, have before now ranged society into hostile camps. Under these circumstances it seems wise to take into the most serious consideration the whole labour question and provide if possible something that will do away with strikes or at least provide for their prompt settlement. The whole community has rights in the premises which must be respected. Capitalists may object to having their business affairs in any way regulated by persons not directly concerned in them, but it is upon such persons that they must rely for tbe protection of those interests. The owner of a great industrial plant feels that he has a right to the assistance of the courts and the military arm of the state to protect his property at all times and against all influences that might destroy it. This being the case, he ought in a spirit of reciprocity to be willing to 'permit the state to have a voice in the settlement of disputes with his employees. On the other hand, employees look to the state for their protection, and this being the case, they ought in all fairness to be ready to submit to state control. If neither party is willing to make this submission, then the only course open to the rest of the community is to take the matter in hand and apply such remedies as may to them seem advisable. An objection made to compulsory arbitration is that, while workingmen would be compelled by public opinion to accept the decision of the court of arbitration, there can be no means devised whereby they can be compelled to comply with such decision in good faith. That is, it is said, that while a working- man might feel compelled to go to work for a smaller wage than he felt he was entitled to, no means can be invented whereby he can be compelled to do as much work for the lower wage than he would for the higher one. No possible means can be devised to meet such a contingency as this, and it is a question if there is really any valid reason for contemplating it. There is no means whereby a man can be compelled to do a good day's work for any wage, no matter how large. Experience does not warrant any fear that loss would ensue by reason of workingmen "loafing on their jobs," because an arbitration court decided against them. The right to discharge incompetent or lazy workmen must always be reserved to the employer. If the labour unions attempt to assert any control in this respect they ought to be given to understand that 328 THE MINING RECORD. the law will not permit it. As far as any one has been as yet able to see, no other plan than compulsory arbitration of preventing the evils likely to result from strikes, and the best judgment of all classes of the community ought to be directed towards the perfection of a system, which will do justice by all parties. A SCHEME THAT FAILED. MR. W. A. DIER is a well-known figure in certain financial and mining circles in British Columbia. Had he selected London as a field of operation his name to-day would be a household word. Here he first won notoriety on account of his connection with the old Fairview Corporation. We then had some occasion to "compliment" him. Lately he has added to his laurels. In May of last year the daily papers were full of glowing accounts, under, of course, startling headlines, of a wonderful group of mines in the Mount Sicker district, which had been acquired by Mr. Dier for the enormous sum of $336,000. Mr. Dier is reported to have confirmed this statement, but—well, if the original owners ever received such an amount they have guarded the secret most carefully ever since. Certainly they have not changed their mode of living. This, however, by the way. After having acquired the property, Mr. Dier being of a generous disposition, good-naturedly gave the general public an opportunity to share with him and his partners the benefits likely to accrue, and curiously enough the claims upon being partially developed, did and still appear promising. A company was incorporated and Mr. Dier became managing director. He also for a relatively small consideration succeeded in buying out his partners, and thus secured full control of the property. For a period matters went well, shares sold freely and a sufficient sum was thus realised to work the mine and put in the necessary machinery, when like a bolt from the blue the following circular was issue at the instance of Mr. Dier :— An extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of The Mounts Sicker and Brenton Mines, Limited, Non- Personal Liability, will be held at the registered office of the company, Copper Canyon Claim, Copper Canyon, Chemainus District, B.C., on Wednesday the 24th day of September, A.D. 1902, at the hour of three o'clock in the afternoon, when the resolution hereunder written will be proposed. Should the resolution be passed by the required majority it will be submitted for confirmation as a special resolution to a second extraordinary meeting which will be subsequently convened. The resolution above referred to: Resolved, that the Articles of Association of this company be and the same are hereby amended in the following particulars : Article 40. By striking out all the words after "1903" in the 17th line and by adding the following words: "At every succeeding annual ordinary general meeting the whole of the directors shall retire from office, and the company at every such general meeting shall fill up the vacated offices by electing a like number of duly qualified members as directors, and whenever the number of such retiring directors is less than the maximum number for the time being prescribed by these articles, may also elect such further number of persons (if any) as the company shall then determine, but so that the total number of directors elected shall not exceed such maximum. The retiring directors shall be eligible for re-election. All directors shall hold office until their successors are appointed." Article 45. By striking out the words "by a special resolution," in the second line. Article S3- By striking out the word "Directors" in the fifth line and substituting therefor the words "elected • officers." Article 54- (a) By adding to the second paragraph thereof the words: "or by the company in general meeting by ordinary resolution." (b) By striking out the last paragraph thereof and inserting the following paragraph: "Subject to the directions (if any) which may be given by the company in general meeting the first managing director shall manage the business of the company and be at liberty upon his own responsibility to do, on behalf of the company, any act which the directors may io, except to borrow money or fill a casual vacancy on the Board." Article 55. By striking out the words "Directors may" in the first line and inserting in lieu thereof the words "Company in general meeting may by ordinary resolution." Article 57. By striking out the words "Board may" in the first line and inserting in lieu thereof the words "Company may in general meeting by ordinary resolution." Article 59. By striking out the article and inserting in lieu thereof the following article: "59. In the case of any managing director subject as to the first managing director to the express powers hereinbefore given, the Company in general meeting may by ordinary resolution from time to time vest in such managing director for the time being such of the powers exercisable by the directors as herein mentioned (except such as are expressly stated to be incapable . of delegation) as the company may deem advisable and may vest any such powers for any such time and to be exercised for such objects and purposes and upon such terms and conditions as may be considered expedient-" Article 84. By striking out the words "hereinafter mentioned" in. the second line and inserting in lieu thereof the words "in manner provided by Article 63 hereof-" Article 85. By striking out the words "Board of Directors" in the last line and inserting in lieu thereof the words "Company in general meeting by ordinary resolution." Article 89. By striking out the article and inserting in lieu thereof the following article: "89. No contract or agreement entered into by or on behalf of the company for the some of the company's undertaking shall be binding on the company unless ratified bv the company in general meeting by ordinary resolution." By order of the Board of Directors, R. T. ELLIOTT. Secretary. Registered Office of The Mpunts Sicker and Brenton Mines, Ltd., Copper Canyon Claim, Copper Canyon, Chemainus, B.C. 12th September 1902. Had this meeting been held and the resolution in question passed, which as Mr. Dier held the controlling interest was reasonably certain, it is obvious that Mr. Dier would then have had the company exactly where he wanted it. Here we would call special attention to the proposed change in Article 89. Happily the minority interests were alive to the situation and obtained an injunction order from the Supreme Court as under:— IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. Upon motion made unto this Honourable Court by counsel for the plaintiffs and upon reading the writ of summons issued in this action this day and the affidavit of John Samuel Henry Matson, sworn this day, and the exhibits therein referred to, and the plaintiffs by their counsel undertaking to abide by any order which this Court may make as to damages in case this Court should be hereafter of the THE MINING RECORD. 329 opinion that the defendants shall have sustained any by reason of this order which' the plaintiffs ought to pay, and also undertaking to accept four days' notice of motion to discharge this order or the injunction hereby granted. This Court doth order that the defendant company and its directors and officers be restrained from holding the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders at Copper Canyon claim, Copper Canyon, Chemainus district, B.C., at the registered office of the company on Wednesday, the 24th day of September, A.D. 1902. And this Court doth further order that the defendant company and its directors and officers be restrained from holding any meeting of the company in any place other than in the City of Victoria, after said meeting has been duly called, until further order. BY THE COURT. "G- H." C. J. The effect of this injunction was to bring Mr. Dier very speedily to time with the result that he consented to sign the following agreement: 6- No sale, or agreement .for sale, of the undertaking, or any part of the undertaking of the company, will be binding on the company unless ratified by special resolution. In witness whereof the said parties have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written: Signed, Sealed and Delivered . in the presence of F. J. JONES. W. A. DIER. R. T. ELLIOTT. The moral teaches that Mr. Whittaker Wright was wise in selecting London rather than British Columbia as a field of operation. Meanwhile we may have some further disclosures to make later. A "British Mining Engineer" writes to protest against certain statements attributed to Mr. B. T. A. Bell, the secretary of the Canadian Mining Institute, :""*^3g»ss*2 ^l^iKi iJM5»r m Arrival of Party of British Journalists at Ymir. Photo iy Widdowson, Ymir. Memorandum of agreement made in duplicate this 20th (twentieth) day of September, A.D. 1902. By and between William Alfred Dier, of the City of Victoria, in the Province of British Columbia, and Richard Thomas Elliott, of the City and Province aforesaid, who now hold a controlling ■ interest in the share capital of The Mounts Sicker and Brenton Mines, Limited, the parties of the first part and the said The Mounts Sicker and Brenton Mines, Limited, the parties of the second part—Whereby it is agreed as follows: 1. This agreement may be acted upon and under and enforced by any member of the said company and shall remain in full force and effect so long as the said parties of the first part, or their legal or equitable representatives, hold the said controlling interest: 2. For the purpose of such enforcement this agreement shall be deemed and taken to include and contain all necessary negative stipulations and covenants: 3- That the Victoria minority interest shall be entitled to nominate two (2) directors upon the board: 4. All meetings of the shareholders shall be held in the City of Victoria: 5- No special resolution shall be submitted for the approval of the shareholders unless first approved by Mr. E. V. Bodwell, K.C., and Mr. A. E. McPhillips, K.C.: by an interviewer at Winnipeg to the effect that "all the paying mines in B. C. were either owned by Canadians or Americans, and that these mines were managed by "men of either Canadian or American birth and training." Further, "that English companies made the mistake of sending out young, untrained School of Mines men, who while perhaps having knowledge of coal, iron or tin mining, were quite without experience as regards copper, lead or gold mining." Our correspondent asks Mr. Bell what proof he has in support of these contentions, and adds "I fail to bring to mind an instance in B. C. where the London School of Mines man has yet had an innings." Yet it is worthy of note that the bigger mines owned by American and Canadians are being successfully managed by British engineers, while on the other hand, English companies are employing 330 THE MINING RECORD. American and Canadian engineers. This is shown in the following ist: Le Roi, British company, manager, Mr. Mackenzie, a Canadian; Le Roi No. 2, British company, manager, Mr. MacDonald, an American; Centre Star and War Eagle, Canadian com- panv, manager, Mr. Kirby, an American; Knob Hill and Ironsides, Canadian company, manager, Mr. Yolen Williams, a Welshman; B. C. Copper, American company, manager, Mr. Keffer, an American, consulting engineer, Mr. Thomas, a Cornishman; B. C. Mine, Canadia'n company, manager, Mr. Parrish, an American; Snowshoe Mine, British company, manager Mr. Astley, an Englishman; London and B. C. Goldfields, British company, manager; Mr. Fowler, an American; North Star, Canadian company, manager, Mr. J. L. Parker, a Scotchman; Sullivan, American company, manager, Mrr Finlay, a Scotchman; Lenora Mine, British company, manager, Mr. Croft, an Englishman; Tyee, British company, manager, Mr. Livingston, an Englishman; and so on." As a matter of fact we have at the present time very few paying mines, whether British, American or Canadian owned, that is to say, mines paying regular dividends. There are, however, many properties on—there is fair reason to believe—the eve of becoming regularly profitable and of these probably quite as many are controlled by British as by Canadian or American capital. As to the capabilities of the British mining engineer, every one will concede that given equal advantages, he is as good a man professionally as the members of the same profession in America or in any other country. In fact, some of the most eminent mining authorities in the United States are of British birth. In Pennsylvania a great many of the miners are Welshmen ; in the Minnesota iron mines, the Montana copper mines, indeed in all the great mining centres of the States, Cornish miners are very much m evidence; Marcus Daly was an Irishman; Mackay of the Comstock was, we believe, also of this nationality; Parks, one of the most successful of mining men in California, is a Scotchman; and there are hundreds of other instances of eminence attained by British mining men in the United States. It must, however, be reluctantly admitted that the theory and practice of mining is better and more thoroughly taught in the mining schools and colleges of the United States and Canada than it is in any institution of the kind in Great Britain, and other things being equal, an experienced manager in this country would certainly prefer as an assistant a graduate of (say) McGill or Columbia Universities to a graduate of the Royal School of Mines or of Camborne. Not only are American schools better equipped than the British, but their students have the advantage of acquiring practical knowledge in the field and under the conditions where they are first likely to be called upon to apply that knowledge. While we agree with our corres pondent that Mr. Bell has no particular ground for charging British companies with appointing inexperienced and untrained graduates direct from British mining schools to the charge of important mines in British Columbia, there can be no doubt that in the past many costly British failures have resulted from the fact that so-called mining engineers directing operations were either incapable or were not familiar with local conditions and requirements. It is gratifying to remark that preliminary steps have been taken towards the establishment of a British Columbian branch of the Canadian Mining Institute, a committee of representative men having been appointed at the meeting in Nelson the other day to take the matter in hand. In this connection we desire, on behalf of the mining community of British Columbia, to express our cordial appreciation of the part played by Mr. B. T. A. Bell, the secretary of the Institute, to whose efforts the present movement is due. "The Canadian Mining Institute" is in fact, Mr. Bell. It owes its origin and usefulness to him, and it is doubtful whether any other man would or could have managed, with equal success, the organization of a society such as the Institute under conditions and circumstances so, to all appearances, insurmountably difficult. The gift of organization is granted to few. Mr. Bell possesses it in an eminent degree. Since its inception the Mining Institute has been of great service, not only to the industry, but to the country. Its power is increasing, and already it has been able to influence legislation at Ottawa on matters touching the welfare of the mining interests. The necessity for a British Columbian branch has long been felt and the opportunity will now be afforded mining engineers and others of meeting at stated periods and deliberating upon engineering or metallurgical questions and problems of local concern, while much good may also result from the ventilation of grievances, together with suggestions to the Government on the matter of mining legislation. It may safely be assumed that the Government of British Columbia is not. only willing but anxious to listen to advice from practical men, and if this is submitted in a proper and businesslike manner there can be no doubt but that it will have the best possible effect. Experimental tests are now being made with the new "Garretson" type of furnace, which has been installed at the Crofton smelter, and an exhibition of the furnace in operation was given by the Northwestern Smelting and Refining Company the other day. No attempt, however, has yet been made by the operators of the Crofton smelter to establish the inventor's claims, and until these have been satisfactorily demonstrated it would be premature to discuss the value of the invention. THE MINING RECORD. 331 Mr. Henry Croft, whose portrait we present this trict, not only by the original visitors, but by others month, has played a very important part in the devel- who were interested in the Republic, made it a com- opment of the mineral resources of the East Coast of Vancouver Island, the opening up of the mines of the Mount Sicker district and the large subsequent investment of capital in that neighbourhood being largely due to his enterprise, energy and persever- paratively easy matter to dispose of other property and options on a number of promising claims were secured by Mr. Dempster, who soon sold the Sapphire group to some of the most prominent men in Detroit, headed by Mr. N. D. Ca-penter, of the U. S. ence. At a time when prospectors found it almost Steel Co., and afterwards two other properties, the impossible to interest capital even in small amounts May and Exchange groups, were sold to other groups to develop their claims on Mount Sicker, Mr. Croft of capitalists. Late this summer Mr. Carpenter, acquired the Le'nora mine, and succeeded in proving accompanied by a party of interested friends and his it to be a very valuable property. There is now no consulting engineer, Mr. Choate, of Detroit visited copper mining district in British Columbia of greater the property with a view to the commencement of promise. Mr. Croft is a member of the American work on a large scale. The property did not, however, look as well as they had been lead to expect and after finding out that they had paid $60,000 for what had been sold by the owners here for $10,000, they went East feeling very sore against the camp, the promoters, and no doubt themselves. Mr. Choate remained some time, making a more exhaustive examination, and we now hear that his verdict is that the property is probably worthless. This verdict is, however, somewhat harsh, as there is certainly some good ore on the Sapphire. Now work has been suspended on the Sapphire and Ex- Institute of Mining Engi neers; an associate member of the Institute of Civil Engineers; a member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers; a member of the Federated Institute of Mining Engineers, and a member of the S. Staffordshire and E. Worcestershire Institute of Mining Engineers. American investors who make a regular business of acquiring mineral claims are not often caught y napping," but our Slocan City correspondent sends us the following narrative which would appear to show that even shrewd men of business can at times be very unbusinesslike. He writes: "A number of claims have been acquired in this district by what is locally known as the Detroit Syndicate. As a matter of fact the various properties are owned by separate groups of capitalists with their headquarters in Detroit, Mich. In order to understand the situation one must go back to the winter of 1900-01, when Mr. Chas Dempster, of Rossland, secured an option on the Republic group here and with local assistance sold the property to a syndicate in Detroit. Last summer he in company with the principal members of the syndicate visited the property, and being thoroughly pleased with what they saw, completed the organization of the Slocan Republic Co. and have been actively engaged this summer in opening up their property under the supervision of Mr. R. C. Campbell Johnson. The favourable reports of the dis- Mining Men of the Province.—Mr. Henry Croft. change and things are in a bad way both here and in Detroit; everyone blames every body else, and you could not give away Slocan mining properties in Detroit. It would seem that the propositions were 'turned' once, twice or more before reaching the present hands. That the blame in this affair be properly allocated and applied is devoutly to be hoped. Mr. Carpenter says that he is bound to find out how that $50,000 was distributed and a fair amount of whip should fall on the shoulders of those who jumped at the bait without investigation." There may, of course, be more in the affair than at present meets the eye, but we fail to see how the Detroit capitalists can blame anyone but themselves. They seemingly bought a "pig in a poke" and paid half a dozen prices for it. Now they are indignant and astonished to find that the animal is a poor specimen. THE MINING RECORD. According to a correspondent in whom we have every confidence, the properties owned in the Nelson district by the Maple Leaf Mining and Development Company, to which we made reference last month, are far from unpromising and certainly should not be described as "wild-cats." Our correspondent writes: "While in the White Grouse- I found ten men at work on one of this company's claims (the Bullion) developing and taking out some of the finest looking copper ore it was ever my lot to see.. For the amount of work done they had a surprising quantity of ore oh the dump and there seems to be no end to the lead from, which the ore was taken. Shipments, I hear, are to be commenced as soon as a new road is built, and it is now well under way. As a rule I am not very enthusiastic, but it would do a real mining man good to see this Bullion claim-^the ledge and the dump of ore. This Goat River country has been 'knocked' repeatedly without cause, and it should be stopped.. My twelve years in this particular district should count for something. . Eh? As regards this Maple Leaf Mining Co., I don't know anything about it'one way or another, have no interests in it; never even saw its prospects, but I do know that they have property that they need not be ashamed of." ' Tn addition to the White Grouse claims, the company also owns, our correspondent adds, a good property in the Black Prince, a silver-lead mine in East Kootenay. But what a pity the prospectus should contain such nonsense as, for example, this : "Of the surrounding mines, the Le Roy mine and the Silver King are owned by the Rothschilds, the well-known European bankers, employing more than 3,000 men to work these mines. Another surrounding (sic) mine, the Ymir, is paying over $75,000.00 a month in dividends, and stock in all these companies is hardly obtainable at any price." And this, being an extract from a letter signed by F. J; Hartman, a Catholic priest: "I consider the value of this property of en-' ormous possibilities and feel confident that this investment will turn out a great wealth producer." What on earth does he know about it! And again this exaggerated statement inviting the public to subscribe for the stock: "Considering the able and reliable management and the enormous value of the holdings of the Maple Leaf Mining and Development Co., it can be stated that there has never been placed before the public a proposition of such enormous possibilities as there is offered to investors in stock of these mines. Already $20,000 has been spent upon development to find out in what direction the ore bodies lay. Two tunnels sunk (sic) in one claim, the Maple Leaf, reveal rich thick veins of gold ore in sight, estimated amounting to over $3,000,000." Any intelligent man would naturally come to the conclusion that a company so adventurous as to sink two tunnels in one claim, was very likely to prove a sink itself—for other people's money. But, if as our correspondent suggests, the undertaking is a bona Hole one, we would strongly advise the immediate suppression of the prospectus. The "jumping" of the Cody Fraction, a claim in the Slocan upon which a great deal of money has been spent both in the ground and in the courts, affords us the excuse of again calling the attention of the Government to the faults and injustice of a system which imposes so heavy a penalty as complete forfeiture of valuable property for failure to make a purely conventional declaration of work done and the payment of a fee of $2.50 for so doing. What was remarked in a former issue when this subject was being dealt with applies here. "Were this an isolated instance it might be argued that some extraordinary negligence on the part of the company or owners had taken place and" that if people would not pay $2.50 to preserve .title to very valuable property they deserved to lose it. Which is very true, but unfortunately this is not an isolated case. Others have occurredand have had a-bad effect on the interests of British Columbia through disgusting men who had invested large sums of money in this province. And this is the point of view from which the matter should be judged, not that it' is the business of the Legislature to protect those too negligent to carry out the conditions under which mineral rights are held, but to protect the interests of the Province by making these conditions as plain and simple as possible, and by minimizing the risk of forfeiture and its heavy losses as much as possible." At the same time we made the following suggested amendments to the Act:— (1.) The failure to record assessment work on or before the expiration of the present time-limit shall not render the property liable to forfeiture, but omission in this respect shall be punishable by fine on a system of cumulative penalties. For instance, if a record is made within one month after the lesral limit, a fine of, say, five dollars, shall be imposed; if within three months, the sum to be paid shall be fifteen dollars, or twenty-five dollars if the extreme limit of the six months' extension is not exceeded. After six months the property should revert to the Crown. (2.) Xo location or mineral claim on which one assessment, or work to the appraised value of one hundred dollars, has been performed, shall be "jumpable" or open to re-location, but shall revert as a claim with designated boundaries to the Crown. At stated periods, of which adequate notice must be given, properties thus forfeited shall be sold at public auction by the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder of the district, a minimum reserve price being placed on every claim thus offered for sale. (3.) The present clause relating to the location and recording of mineral claims should be repealed, THE MINING RECORD. 333 and the Colorado law of compulsory assessment before a claim can be recorded submitted therefor. These suggestions, if acted upon, would be productive of several, in our opinion, beneficial results. In the first place the man who spends either his time or his money in a bona fide attempt to develop a mineral property, but who by ill-chance or even carelessness omits to regard a trivial technicality of the law would be reasonably safeguarded against • serious and complete loss by forfeiture. Secondly, if opportunity was not taken of the reasonable chance afforded, the Government would benefit by the acquisition and sale of the property and not some private individual or "jumper" whose moral, if not legal right, to the work of others is certainly questionable. Again, by the means proposed promiscuous staking of claims in new districts would be largely checked, by preventing re-location after one assessment, and lastly a large increase in revenue from mining districts might be counted upon for the prosecution of useful and necessary public works in those localities. During the past few weeks conditions throughout the Kootenay mining districts are said to have considerably improved, from what causes, however, it is somewhat difficult to say. In the Slocan, for instance, it is stated that claims are being sold and bonded freely, while a greater number of mines are being worked than at any previous time. If this is true it is somewhat inexplicable, as lead and silver prices are certainly as low as they well can be, and facilities for marketing are unchanged. It is possible, of course, that the reported proposed action of the Idaho lead producers of establishing lead works in the Coeur D'Alene in opposition to the trust, may . have something to do with the movement, but as yet this report is the veriest gossip, and probably does not contain an element of truth. In Rossland, of course, the resumption of operations at the Centre Star and War Eagle mines has necessarily had an excellent effect, while the termination of the Fernie strike has enabled the Boundary mines to again continue shipments on a large scale. Really good times in the Kootenay depend, however, on either a general rise in metal prices, or in some of the camps the application of still cheaper methods of treatment, or a combination of both. In the Boundary costs have already been reduced to practically a minimum, but a slight further reduction may be expected upon the completion of the branch railway connecting with the Great Northern system, when freight rates and wm supplies will probably be considerably less than at present. It is reported that the Vulcan furnace recently installed at Ferguson is not a metallurgical success. Is that so very astonishing? The Mining Record was, we believe, first in calling attention to the reported discoveries of tin in the- Yukon.. A contemporary, the Mining Reporter, of Denver, Colorado, in a recent issue now announces that an expert sent some time ago to investigate the truth of these rumours has returned and reports -that the metal does occur in large deposits. The Mining Reporter remarks: "This is welcome news to the tin plate manufacturers, as the world's production of the metal has been steadily decreasing for the last six years, while its utility is becoming more and more pronounced. The price of the metal has more than doubled in this time and grave apprehension has been felt that the present condition would grow worse rather th£.n better. This new discovery is probably authentic and Alaska thus seems to have again demonstrated itself as one of our most valuable.possessions. Tin, so far, has not been discovered in the United States proper, in paying quantities, while we are the greatest consumers of the metal." But a still further reduction in cost will have to take place in the Yukon before tin ore, however rich, can be profitably mined. THE MOUNTAIN GROUSE. Or the Prospector's Lament. Snow, snow, beautiful snow! Where is the fellow who wrote, "Snow, snow, beautiful snow?" I'd like to get hold of the goat! I'd bury him deep in his beautiful snow! How would he like to be me, Breaking a trail with a pack on my back In snow well over the knee ? Six long miles from the railroad track In snow to the top of the hill, With a good round fifty pounds on my back Up a grade that is fit to kill; Snow on the ground and snow in the trees That falls now and then on your head. If you stop too long for a "wind," you freeze, So you plug to the top half-dead. The idiot who wrote of the "beautiful snow" Is the self-same silly moke, Who talks at times with a poet's glow Of the "scent of the camp-fire glow "Wreathing blue in the mountain air, "And curling up to the skies, "Dispelling thoughts of a town-bred care," Did it ever get in his eyes ? As he dodged round a camp-fire trying to cook, After a twenty-mile grind 'Cross wind-jams and rock-slides ? It does for a book, But not for a prospector, mind! I'd like him around when the "skeeters" are thick, And you build up a darned good "smudge," I'd smoke him then till I made him sick, And he called his own poetry "fudge." —Richard Lawrence. 334 THE MINING RECORD. THE NEW SMELTER PLANT AT CROFTON. (Written for the B. C. Mining Record by W. M. Brewer.) THE smelter at Crofton, at Osborne Bay, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, about forty miles by railroad and about fifty by water from Victoria, was erected by the Northwestern Smelting and Refining Company, of which Mr. James Breen is the president and general manager, and Mr. Herman C. Bellinger assistant manager and metallurgist in charge. Both of these gentlemen are thoroughly experienced smelter operators and emi- of Vancouver Island. As a matter of fact it is proposed to purchase ores from any portion of the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Valparaiso and as far inland as conditions for transportation permit. The smelter plant occupies a position adjoining the townsite of Crofton on the south. The reserve embracing about forty acres of land, on one side of which is the narrow gauge railway constructed from Mt. Sicker to the wharf at Crofton. A short distance west from the general office building of the smelter company—the most westerly building on the reserve and situated about 1,200 feet from the shore end of the wharf—the line of the railroad branches towards the southeast to convey ore direct from Mt. Sicker nently skilled metallurgists, having built and operated the Heinze smeltar at Trail. B.C., the Le Roi smelter at Northport, Wash., and later the smelters of the Montana Ore Purchasing Co., at Butte, Mont., and their connection with the new works is a sufficient guarantee that the undertaking will be successfully conducted. Although contracts have been entered into for the reduction of the entire output from the Lenora mines at Mt. Sicker, which is the base of ore supply, yet it must not be imagined that the operations at this smelter will be confined to those ores, or to the ores on to the trussels over the ore-bins. Another branch has been constructed in the same direction and almost paralleling the ore road for the delivery of coke, and still another line of railway has been built following the coast line from near the shore end of the wharf, southerly to the copper house on the shore for the delivery of the product. This system of trackage is all laid with three rails in order to facilitate the transfer of broad gauge cars from the ferry slip on the wharf. The convenience of this arrangement has already been demonstrated in the delivery of machinery which was transferred from the Mainland on the 336 THE MINING RECORD. car ferry "Georgia," thus avoiding the breakage of bulk. The wharf itself is about 750 feet in length, with a depth of about 21 feet at low tide, and contracts have been entered into to further extend this wharf into still deeper water, and erect' at the sea end the most modern appliance for" unloading vessels in order to insure rapid work. Connected with this unloading appliance will be bunkers of sufficient capacity to accommodate a ship's cargo. Starting from the wharf the ore will be carried in. cars hauled by the company's own locomotive to the point where the railroad branches and near which is located the track scales of the latest design by the Fairbanks Company, and having a capacity to weigh sixty tons. These scales have a patent device which registers on a card by perforating the gross and tare weights so that, it is absolutely impossible for any dispute to arise. From these scales the cars are pushed on to the trussel and over the receiving bins, of which there are six, each bin having a capacity of about 300 tons. These bins are arranged in a line ing floor of the furnace building, which is situated to the east and nearer the shore line, is about 45 feet. This space is occupied by the coke track and the flooring over the dust chamber: The dust chamber is 200 feet long, 10 feet wide and 12 feet high'; the expansion chamber is 24 feet by 40 feet by 20 feet high and the stack connecting with it is a circular brick stack 12 feet in diameter and 120 feet high, interior measurement. The furnace building is situated with its south side flush with its south end of the dust chamber and sampling mill. It is 73 feet long by 45 feet wide, the charging floor being on a level with the roof of the dust chamber. In this building are three furnaces, the smallest being a cupola for re-melting matte whenever desirable and the two larger being a water jacket smelter with a capacity of 350 tons per day, the other, a Garretson furnace, having about the same capacity and of a new type by which with-certain sulphide ores the quantity of fuel can be reduced from 11 to 12 per cent, to less than 3 per cent; while smelt- Elevation of Croftou Smelter. parallel to the sampling mill with the automatic discharge gates about 30 feet distant from the crusher, which is built in a pit in the foundation of the mill. The ore is taken from the receiving bins in ore buggies, again weighed on a Fairbanks platform scale, then dumped into the crusher, which is a Blake 10x20 inches, and with which is connected the elevator system. By this the ore is elevated to the higher floors of the sampling mill which has a capacity to sample 1,000 tons per day and a total height of 80 feet, where it passes through rolls and is automatically sampled, the final sample being delivered on the crushing floor of the mill for transfer to the assay office situated about four hundred feet northerly from the mill while the remainder of the ore passes through chutes into the delivery bins arranged in a line parallel to the sampler on the east side. There are eight of these bins, each having a capacity of about 300 tons, and furnished with automatic discharge gates. The distance from the delivery bins to the charg ing and converting can be carried on in operation. one In order to secure the advantage of drawing matte- from the furnaces and transferring to the converter building by gravity, about 17,000 yards of material have been excavated next to the shore line, so that the floor level of the furnace building is about 14 feet lower than the charging floor, and the floor level of the converter building eight feet lower still. The converter building, which joins the furnace building on the east side, is 73 feet by 45 feet. In this are installed two converters, each having a capacity to treat 50 tons of matte daily. Adjoining, to the east of the converter building is the copper room, which, as has already been stated, is connected with the wharf by railroad tracks. The converter building is arranged for a 50-ton electric crane for handling the converters, and a hydrau- 338 THE MINING RECORD. lie elevator has been installed to handle the slag from the converters up into the blast furnace. To the north and within a short distance from the furnace and converter buildings is situated the power house. The dimensions of this are 50 feet by 60 feet. In this are installed a condensor of 1,000 horsepower ; two blowers, one a number eight, 100 revolutions a minute, the other a number five, 25 revolutions a minute; blowing engine 16in.x36in.x42; power engine 18x36x42 inches and dynamo of 52 kilos for lighting the entire plant. North from the power house is situated the boiler' house, 40x48, in which are installed three 200 horsepower boilers with foundations already for a fourth when necessary. Northerly from the smelter plant proper and about 400 feet distant is located the assay office. This is ments for water supply for the boilers, the smelting plant and for granulating the slag are complete in every particular. The supply is obtained from a lake situated about two miles from the smelter at an elevation of about 400 feet, where a retaining dam has been built and a flume a mile long to carry the water by gravity to the storage tanks, which have a capacity of 200,000 gallons. From these tanks the supply of water is carried to the smelter tank in iron pipes of which about 5,000 feet has been installed. Tn addition to this water supply, the company have acquired a thousand miner's inches in the Chemainus River, which can be brought to the plant by gravity. The arrangements for dumping the granulated slag are such as to permit of dumpage into the sea along the shore line to the east and south from the smelter, and even though the capacity of the smelter should be increased many fold, yet no difficulties in respect to dumpage are likely to be encountered. Bringing Ore from the Lenora Mine. one of the largest and most commodious buildings of this character found anywhere in the West. It contains a large furnace room, chemical laboratory, balance room, assayer's office and store room, with such an arrangement of the furnace room that affords ample facilities for the representatives of shippers to witness the final operations with regard to pulp sampling. In fact great pains have been taken by the management to arrange suitable accommodation for consignors or their agents for the facilitation of business. To the west, and about 200 feet distant from the assay office, is situated the general office building. From the foregoing description, it will be readily seen that in the construction of this plant every detail with a view to compact arrangement of the buildings has been given deep consideration, in order to insure the most rapid transit of ore and material from point to point, and at the same time minimize the handling by manual labour, and thus conduce to efficient and economical operations. The arrange- GLASS MODEL OF THE POORMAN MINE, NEAR NELSON, B. C. WE are indebted to Mr. Norman Carmichael for the following description of a glass model made by him of the Poorman mine, Nelson: The model of which the accompanying illustration is a photograph represents the vein and working of the Poorman mine, near Nelson. The model is constructed of glass and is 40 inches long by 20 inches wide and 14 inches deep, and being made to a scale of 40 feet to the inch, thus represents a block of ground 1,600 feet long by 800 feet wide and 560 feet deep. This (to be correct) also includes a certain amount of "atmosphere"—it is supported on a suitable stand. Referring to the photograpli it will be seen that the model consists of a series of panes of glass held in a vertical position by means of small brass angle pieces screwed to the top of the stand, and are placed parallel to one another one behind the other from S5S THE MINING RECORD. 339 front to back, at equal distances apart, each interval corresponding to 50 feet along the strike of the vein. These panes or sections are set over a plan of the mine done in heavy drawing paper and which covers the top of the stand supporting the glass, so that each sheet of glass represents a section through the mine on the line over which it is set up. Along the further side and beginning near the top of the glass Eagle Creek will be noticed wending its way between the sloping hillsides which rise from it and which are outlined in green; the outcrop of the vein is shown a short distance up the right bank and can be followed to a point near the bed of the creek, where it is obscured by slides. The model is so arranged that the longest dimension is approximately parallel to the general strike of the vein and therefore the sections are at right angles to it and show as nearly as possible the true dip of the vein, which is seen to vary from 40 degrees in some places to 50 degrees in others, the undulations, so to speak, being very marked. As the tunnels naturally follow the vein they are shown by black spots where they cut through the sections; the mouth of the main adit tunnel is seen at the right hand side of the front section, whence it cuts obliquely through several sections till it meets the vein, which it follows to its face. The upper tunnels are similarly shown, but are shorter than the main tunnel and the small crosscuts leading into them from the surface are omitted. The upraises are indicated by heavy black lines and can be seen connecting up the tunnels in various places. Where important' development work happens to fall between the sections, which was bound to occur since the sections are placed at a uniform distance apart, intermediate sections have been set up with such features plotted on them and placed in their correct positions between the main sections. In one instance a long and important upraise happens to fall obliquely across two of the main sections, having been put up from No. 3 tunnel to the surface, a distance of 266 feet, on a portion of the vein where it folds away from the general strike. In order to show this raise in a clear manner the main sections are cut and the special section with this raise plotted on it is slipped in between at the correct angle. Where the vein has been sufficiently developed-to be called "ore in sight" it is shown by two thin black lines representing the foot and hanging walls; the space between is left blank until the ore is extracted when it is coloured red. Thus in the upper parts of the mine much more stoped ground is seen than in the lower levels. Of course in the photograph all colours are simply shades and may be somewhat difficult to distinguish. At a point a short distance in from where the main adit tunnel reaches the ledge will be seen the shaft station where the ore bin, gallows frame and hoisting engine may possibly be seen; below this the shaft follows the dip of the vein to a further depth of 300 feet where the two lower levels, one at 150 feet down and the other at the bottom are being driven. A raise not yet shown has been made some 200 feet in from the shaft connecting No. 5 level with the tunnel above and proves that block of ground which is shown accordingly. An interesting series of faults and dykes complicates matters a little bit, but after all it is the raison d'etre of the model. These dykes vary from a fraction of an inch up to 20 feet, and where possible are shown to the correct scale. For the most part they dip in the opposite direction to the vein though with some important exceptions, and pursue a somewhat irregular course through the mine. On the model they are distinguished by different colours to enable the observer to more easily trace them, but in the photograph are apt to look decidedly muddled. In some cases the dykes are accompanied by faulting, and the reader's attention is particularly directed to a rather noticeable fault which can be seen cutting up through the middle of the mine and which displaces the vein some 25 feet. The sections are numbered and can be easily slipped out and in, so that with little trouble fresh work may be plotted on them from the mine plans, and in this way the model kept up to date. Ordinary oil paints are used and mixed with oil and turpentine to such a consistency that they will flow freely in an ordinary drawing pen. MINE TIMBERING BY THE SQUARE SET SYSTEM AT ROSSLAND, B.C.* (By Bernard McDonald.) IN mining operations, when the ore extracted exceeds a width of 1 o or 15 feet, it has been found that the cheapest and only effective method of timbering is by the square set system. The system may be generally described as a rectangular skeleton framework of timbers, extending from wall to wall of the vein as exhausted, the different members of which are so framed as to stiffen and support each other, and equalize and distribute local strains after the manner of a truss. *Read at the meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute September 10, 1902. 340 THE MINING RECORD. The invention of the square set system of timbering was made by Philip Deidesheimer, while superintendent of the Ophir mine, on the Comstock Lode', in i860. In Monograph IV of the United States Geological Survey, "Comstock Mining and Miners," the following reference is made, which will be found interesting under this heading: "At the 50-foot level (of the Ophir mine) the vein of black sulphurets was only 3 or 4 feet thick, and could readily be extracted through a drift along its line, propping up the walls and roof when necessary, by simple uprights and caps. As the ledge descended, the sulphuret vein grew broader, until at a.depth of 175 feet it was 65 feet in width, and the miners were at a loss how to proceed, for the ore was so soft and crumbling that pillars could not be left to support the roof. They spliced timber together to hold up the caving ground, but these jointed props were too weak and illy supported to stand the pressure upon them, and v/ere constantly broken and thrown out of place.. The dilemma was a curious one. Surrounded -by riches, they were unable to carry them off. "The company was at a loss what to- do, but finally secured the services of Philip Deidesheimer, of Georgetown, California, who visited and inspected the treasure-lined stopes of the Ophir." During Mr. Deidesheimer's engagement at the Ophir, all the principles of square set timbering were evolved, under his immediate supervision, and the wide and rich ore bodies occurring in that mine were successfully extracted without the loss of ore or injury from caving by the use of this system. The system was then used in all the mines on the Comstock Lode, and subsequently, in all metalliferous mines elsewhere where the ore bodies exceed a width of 15 feet, the extreme width that is practical to timber by stulling. The "square set" has undergone numerous modifications of detail in dimensions and the framing of its members in the various camps where it has been since used, owing mainly to local conditions, the dip of the vein and the character of the ore bodies and the enclosing rock. Vein Characteristics at Rossland.—in the Rossland mines, the ore deposits have widths ranging up to 100 feet or more, and lengths of several hundred feet along the veins. The veins are sheer zone fissures, the vein filling consisting of country rock, which is now found replaced and cemented to various degrees of completeness by auriferous pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. The ore and the enclosing rock may be designated as extremely hard, and the veins dip at angles of about 70 degrees. These conditions facilitate and simplify timbering, without, however, doing away with its necessity. Preliminary Work.—In stoping out these deposits the work is begun at the level drives or drifts run in the vein and continued upwards in steps or stopes. The first work in opening up an ore chute or deposit preparatory to extraction consists of running drives or drifts through it from the level stations at the shaft, which are generally cut at distances of from 100 to 200 feet in depth below each other. Such drives may happen to be run along either wall of the vein, or through the vein at any point or distance (usually varying) from either wall. These drives are considered as random bores, made longitudinally through the vein to determine, in a general way, its course or strike, and the behaviour and characteristics of the ore chute. They serve, besides, as preliminary thoroughfares for the traffic, drainage and ventilation necessary for the preparatory work of stoping, to be hereafter described. As generally run, the drives have widths of about 6 feet, and heights of about 8 feet, and require no timbering, owing to their comparative small size and the hardness of the vein rock. When it is decided to begin stoping on any new level, the first work done is to excavate the ore along the drives from wall to wall of the vein, making^ the excavation of sufficient height to receive the "sill floor" set of timbers, as the first series of square sets on the level is called, and to leave a space of 2 or 3 feet over the set. This space serves to provide room for blocking and wedging the timbers to place, and to receive a layer of old timbers, which act as a cushion in preventing the possible breaking of the timbers by the masses of rock that must be blasted down on them as the work of stoping out the ore above proceeds. Sill Floor Construction.—The sill floor is a framework, made of ioxio-inch sawed timbers, laid down on the working level in the ore body; they serve as the sills or foundation timbers on which the square sets are to be erected. It is, therefore, the first, as well as the most important part of the square set system of timbering. Figure 1, plate 1, shows the sill floor as laid down and ready to receive the "sill floor set" of timbers. The members of the sill floor consist of three pieces the stringer or long sill, the spreader or short sill, and the butt spreader or brace. These members, when repeatedly laid in duplicate, will make up a sill floor to any extent required by the size of the deposit. The dimensions and details of the framing of these members are shown on the plate. The long sill measures 15 feet over all, and is framed from a 16-foot timber, which allows 6 inches to be cut from either end to square the piece and remove sun cracks. The short sill, as framed, measures 5 feet 4 inches in length, over all, three of which may be cut from a 16-foot timber, if it overmeasured a few inches, as it generally does, and the ends are sound. The butt sill or brace is framed of varying lengths, to suit the existing space, which generally varies owing to local bulgings or contractions of the vein. It is framed on one end exactly like the short sill, while the other is cut square or beveled to fit or butt against the wall rock, from which it is wedged tightly to place against the long sills. A description of the method of framing the sill floor set of timbers is not needed, as it will be fully comprehended by a glance at the figures on the plate. In laying the sill floor the long sills are set ends abutting flush against each other and as nearly as possible parallel with the general strike of the vein, ignoring any local bulging of the walls. The first sill is laid close and appromixately parallel to the foot wall, in which position it is levelled and THE MINING RECORD. 541 held by blocking or butt braces; the other long sills are laid paralleling this one at proper distances apart, that is, 5 feet 4 inches between centres. The cross sills fit on tops of these, lying level with them, the ends behind halved in framing to rest into similar halvings in the long sills, and to abutt flush against each other and extend endwise from wall to> wall of the vein. When the long sills reach as near the hanging wall of the vein as desirable they are braced from it by the butt spreaders or by blocking wedged tightly to bring all the members into proper position. The philosophy of this design of the sill floor is as follows :— The long sill is made 15 feet in length, so as to better sustain the superstructure of square sets erected on it when the ore upon which it rests comes to be Timbers and Methods Used After Sill Floor is Laid.—The first tier of square sets erected on the sill floor is known as the "sill floor sets." The assemblage of the framed timbers into square sets then proceeds upwards, by floors, set over set, vertically, pari passu as the work of stoping exhausts the vein. The timber structure over any level is referred to in subdivisions as the "sill floor sets," "first floor sets," "second floor sets," and so on until it reaches the level above and catches up and supports the sill floor on that level. This method of reference to the timbering as it advances carries with it the data for a general calculation of the portion of the vein exhausted over a level, as each set of timbers in place indicates that 9 feet vertically and 5^ feet horizontally of the vein is exhausted, 9 feet being the bare height and $*A feet the IDEAL CW05S SECTION IDEAL LONGITUDINAL SECTION a a II 1 » m t p n .. a <ii n i n j r iiii l p_ M llllll UJU-i-M lilt 11 m mii 11 ii ii!!j tij 1111 i 'jii hii 1 Ih 1 ii r 118181 i 1 n 11 iil £ Vf t-—5 ' ■fiftiEP -PE SERVES* PLATE SO.UARE SET METHOD B E> 1 tic sill js £3 TIMBERING LE ROI MINES —ROJSLAND.B.C — SCAl_e%2,N. , I FT. JE- T-Iq no; fir s<?> accomjoorty pa pis Timbering by the ROSiLANC. B.C. : ANSLE BRACING THE MININC RKCURDi stoped away. For instance, when the ore is being blasted from under the sill floor by the work of stoping, coming from the level below, and the blasting tears away a portion of the ore upon which the sill floor rests, making an opening, as it generally does, of, say 8x8 feet, the long sills would overreach such opening, and one or both ends would rest on the solid rock beyond. Nor would the short sills drop away through such opening, owing to the fact that they rest on top of the long sills, as previously described and shown on the plate. Through the opening thus made in the ore, the portion of the sill floor exposed would be supported by posts set on the timber sets in the stope below. Thus the long sill operates to allow the work of stoping out the ore upon which the sill floor rests to be safely conducted if such portions of the sill floor as become exposed as the work proceeds are properly supported by posts from the timber work underneath. width of space required for a set of timbers. Each square set in.place indicates that twenty-four tons of vein has been extracted. Aside from the sill floor, all the timbers employed in the square set system, except the planks for floorings and chutes, are framed from round logs. These logs are preferably of red fir, it being the strongest native timber, but pine, spruce and tamarack may be used. When cut in the woods, the logs are peeled and allowed to season for a period of from six to twelve months, during which time they lose about one-third of their green weight, which is a very important advantage in subsequent handling. In diameter they range from 12 to 20 inches, but generally average about 16 inches, and are sawed in lengths of 16 feet 6 inches. The logs may be framed by hand or with machine saws into the various members of the square set, as follows, viz.: posts, caps, girts or braces, and butt 342 THE MINING RECORD. caps. Like the members of the sill floor, these members may be duplicated to any extent required by the size of the excavation to be timbered. The posts as framed are 8 feet 2 inches over all; the caps are 5 feet 4 inches, and the girts or braces are 5 feet; the butt caps, like the butt spreaders, of the sill floor are cut in varying lengths to suit such spaces as may exist. The details of framing the logs into members of the square set are plainly shown in. figures on plate 1, and need no further description. The philosophy of this method of framing the timbers is that the cap pieces of the various sets form continuous stringers of timber running horizontally from wall to wall of the vein, no matter what this distance may be. Such stringers offer the end grain or greatest strength of the timbers to the walls, from which the greatest strains are generated. The posts and girts rigidly support the stringers thus formed of the several cap pieces in true horizontal position, bearing on the joints from right- angled directions, while the cap pieces and the girts support the posts in true vertical position. . The whole framework forms a strong rigid structure capable of indefinite extension upwards and longitudinally as stoping proceeds, allowing at the same time for any expansion and contraction in width to suit such irregular widths of the vein as may occur. Besides the function of the various members of the square set system to support each other in the manner described, that of the cap pieces is to receive directly to sustain the strains coming from the walls of the exhausted deposit, while that of the posts is to support the vertical weight coming from the undercut ore deposit and the broken ore lying on the floors, but strains coming from any direction are distributed over all the members of the set. The system possesses, to a considerable degree, the qualities of a truss, and makes it possible to extract all the ore of any deposit and effectually secure the enclosing walls from caving in. When the framework comprising the sets is erected, a floor, consisting of 3-inch plank, is spiked down on the caps of each floor set. These are the working floors on which the miners operate the machine drills, in the method shown on Fig. 5. When the ore is. dislodged from the vein by blasting, it • falls on these floors, where the waste or second-class ore may be sorted out from the shipping ore. The shipping ore is shovelled into chutes, which are built of 4-inch plank spiked to the timber framework and carried upwards with the square sets, as shown in the plate. The second-class ore, or waste sorted out, may be stored temporarily or permanently in the framework of the timbering, from whence it may be drawn off at any time through chutes, should removal elsewhere be desired. Figs. 4 and 5 are ideal cross and longitudinal sections illustrating the method of timbering and the work of stoping as it is caried on between the levels. Fig. 4 is a cross-section through the line A-B on Fig. 5, which in turn represents the longitudinal section through the line C-D on Fig. 4. On Fig. 4, the original position of the level drive in the vein is assumed as shown at the point X. This drive, as already stated, furnishes the point from which the excavation of the vein matter for the sill floor is commenced. The step method of excavating the ore is shown on Fig. 5, where stoping is proceeding in double-headed steps, each step excavating the ore from wall to wall and having a vertical height of 9 feet in the clear, which allows the erection of one floor of timber sets, which in turn provides the scaffolding from which the miners may attack the ore above. In stoping out the ore on any level, the ordinary method is to keep the sill floor at least 30 feet in advance of the first floor, and it about 30 feet in advance of the second, and so on, as is sHown in Fig. 5. One machine drill, or generally two, in case the vein is wide, are assigned to the work of the two opposite headings of any floor, going in opposite directions, working on each heading alternately- When one face is drilled and blasted, the machine drills are changed to the opposite face, and the shovellers pass the broken rock into the chutes, or sort it, if sorting is required. When the ore broken is thus removed from the face, the timber gang erects another unit of timber there, and the stope is again in readiness for the machine drills, which have by this time finished drilling on the opposite face. Generally, the step method of stoping. proceeds in opposite directions from a raise, run through the ore body between the levels, as shown in Fig. 4. The framed timbers are delivered in the stope by dropping them down through this raise or hoisting them from the level. Sometimes the framed ends of the timbers are injured by dropping them through the raise, but as a rule, no material injury is done to them, while the time gained by this method is a very important factor in cheapening the cost of timbering compared with hoisting piece by piece from the sill floors underneath. Per Tonnage Cost of Square Set Timbering.— After the sill floor is laid and the framework started, a square set, which is made up of one post, one cap and the brace, consumes 18^ running feet of logs. The logs, peeled and seasoned, cut measuring 16 feet "6 inches, cost $1.20 each delivered f. o. b. the cars at the works, or about 8 cents per running foot. Therefore, the 18 feet 6 inches required for the set would cost $1.48, or say, $1.50 unloaded, in the framing shed, provided the logs are not cut to waste in framing, which may be avoided with a little care and foresight. The cost of framing the pieces comprising the set would be about $0.55 per set, when framed by hand labour, carpenters being paid $3.50 per day of nine hours. Cost Data Per Square Set, Hand Framed.—Material.—A log measuring 16 feet 6 inches, costing $1,20, cuts into two posts, or three caps, or three braces; therefore: Material in one post costs $0 65 Material in one cap costs 43 Material in one brace costs 40 Total cost of material in one set is, say. . $1 50 Labour.—One carpenter frames per day:— About 21 posts, costing each $0 167 About 21 caps, costing each 167 About 16 braces, costing each 219 Total cost of framing $0 553 Total cost of labour and material in set. .$2 053 THE MINING RECORD. 843 The details of cost of the individual members of the ing, $5.20, or a total cost of $0,216 per ton of crude set, framed on the surface ready to go into the mine, ore; and, in the case of machine framing, $4.0? or a are, therefore, as follows:— total cost of $0,206 per ton of crude ore. One post costs for—Material, $0 650; labour, Incidental Costs.—The cost of timbering, per ton $0 167 $0 g!^ of ore shipped, would be greatet dian the figures One cap costs for—Material, $0 430; labour, given above in proportion to tho quantity of waste or ?02 IQ 649 second-class ore that would be sorted out from the .One brace costs for—Material, $0 400; labour, crude ore extracted. • I 7 587 In the Rossland mines about'20% of the ore mined ■»«-,. , is sorted out and goes to the second-class ore clump Making the total cost $2 053 to await profitable treatment, expected to come in The costs next attaching to the square set, or unit, *ne future. Deducting 20% of the 24 tons of crude of this method of timbering are:— ore *n a square set, there would remain 19.20 tons us ILv&frfrU. -jJSII*aifci ~:,~ „ • .. 1 a. the shipping ore, against which the total costs of the Lowering into the mine, approximately $0 10 cn„,«^f „o „i7~ ~ ct,. „~ *, ~» ^ • 7 ,. r»*j:,,0,.:„„ 4.~ i„ • j • • 7 1 square set, as above $5.20 or $4.95, as the case might Delivering to place required, approxunately. . o 10 ui ...rmU i,Q„„ *„ ui ~un~~*A ^ru* 1 1 ?i r ,k^„, ;„ 0«5t;n„ .Tn... -™„.5i De—would nave to be charged. 1 his would raise the wSLli* * g,' ^P^^y. •: •«• J So per tonnage costs on the ore shipped to about $0.27 Incidental material, such as blocks, wedges, £nd $a26* respectively. tools, nails, approximately 0 10 ^n ,, , , . Cost of sill floor, averaged over eleven sets be- Wh,ere, there ls a reasonable expectation that the ' tween levels 100 feet apart, approximately. . o 15 second-class ore will eventual y pay a profit after J r suitable treatment, it would only be fair to charge a Total $1 oc Pr0 ra*a cost of the timbering to it, and the cost -^ would then remain $0,206 and $0,216 per ton as These costs, last above given, may very greatly, above, being increased or decreased with the completeness In cases where on account of bad gr0und, angle of the facilities for handling the framed timbers, the bracing, bulkheading or cribbing and filling would be cost of the several items as stated may vary accord- required, the per tonnage cost would be still further ingly from time to time, but the total will be about increaSed, but to a comparatively small extent, the average cost, and will closely approximate that Limitations of the Square Set.—The limit of the of carefully supervised operations. Therefore, from capacity 0f the square set system as already de- the foregoing, it will be seen that the cost of the scribed, without any re-enforcing devices to with- square set placed m thi mine will come down, as staml the pressure thai may be exerted on it by the ioiiows. enclosing walls of an ore body when that ore body is Total cost of labour and material, as above. .$2 053 extracted, may be reached. Labour and material when set is in place as The limit depends on the nature of the walls en- above 1 ,950 closing the deposit and the extent of the excavation. If the wail rocks are solid and do not swell on expos- Total cost, say $4 003 tire to the air, and dip at a high angle, the ore body -.jr. r , , , • ., c c _ mav be extracted between levels say 100 feet apart When framed by machine saws, the cost ot tram- s > , .1 c ,.„ _„„ r„ 1 ..i ,:„ v„,i / 1 -ii- and for a length of 200 or ^00 feet along the vein, ana mg a square set does not exceed 30 cents, including ,, *;., , , ~ „, < 1 .,, „„ii„ . -u i._ , & L , . .-..iij j-r the pressure likelv to be exerted by the walls will be the cost of power, as against 55 cents by hand—a dit- ■r- . , . ., ■ «i,a,i_i.„„ 2««"*2 - c^+ ,„;ti-,^„f ra , , r & tV, , J.c i.1 r _• sustained by the skeleton square set without reference of 25 cents per s^t. Therefore, if the framing . , . ,J . . . , 1 . , 1 1 • , 1 c 1 „„ii inforcemeiit of any kind. is done bv machinery, the cost of a set in place woulq Tf 1 ■ «; ^„ .,,: , •„ A- : nt. „ i„,„ -„„i0 ~„a +i-,» , * • 7 a- 1 1 1 i.i If, however, the vein dips at a low angle and tue be $3.75 as against $4, as shown above, when the wall'rocks are dec0mposed, or of a talcose or ser- framing is done by hand work. pentine character and disposed to swell, the pressure The per tonnage cost for timbering by this method lliat might be exerted on the timbers, when even a works out as follows: The average space to be ex- comparatively small excavation of the ore body has cavated for each square set is 5.3 feet wide by 5 feet keen madej may cause them to crush, "jack-knife" long by 9 feet in height, or 240 cubic feet. The Ros- or collapse, allowing the wall rocks to cave in and land ores, being heavily impregnated with iron and ciose up the stope. When the members of the square copper pyrites, yield a ton of 2000 pounds for each 10 set Decome squeezed out of the truly right-angled cubic feet of ore in place. Therefore, from the 240 position which they should occupy, their capacity to cubic feet of vein required to be excavated for a set resist wall pressure or strains from any direction is of timbers, the yield will be twenty-four tons. If the practically nil. timbers were framed by hand, the cost of timbering, When, owing to wall pressure or imperfect erec- so far as described, would be about $0.17 per ton; if tion 0f ^e setS) "jack-knifing" of the square sets by machinery, $0.156—a difference of $0,014 per ton results, the cave-in, which sooner or later will follow, in favour of the machine-framed sets. ^th disastrous consequences, may be prevented by In addition to the costs above tabulated, there still either bulkheading, cribbing or filling the skeleton remain the costs of the chutes, floors, ladders and framework of the timbers. railings necessary for the convenience and safety of The cost of the foregoing methods of reinforcement the miners and passage of ore and supplies. These which are the only practical ones that can be suc- require, on an average, about 100 feet of lumber, cessfully used in bad ground, cannot be given with board measure, per square set, which, at $11 per any general degree of accuracy, as that is so much 1000 feet, would add for the lumber $1.10, and for affected by the local conditions in each case, placing it'say $0.10, or a total of $1.20 to each square A general idea of what the cost is likely to be set which would then cost, in the case of hand fram- may be gleaned from the description following: 344 THE MINING RECORD. Reinforcement Methods — Angle Bracing.—If, after the square sets are properly erected in place, tbe members manifest an inclination to swing out of the right-angled positions they originally occupied to each other, this tendency may be arrested and prevented by a system of angle bracing. This consists of placing diagonal braces made of round or square timber on the sill floor and against the foot of the posts and leaning the heads so they will fit snugly against the top of the posts underneath the caps m girts, as the case may be, of the next adjacent set. The head of this diagonal brace should lean in the direction from which the pressure comes. This method is illustrated in Figure 8. Cribbing.—When the square sets manifest a stronger tendency to swing than in the case above referred to, the collapse threatened may be prevented by crib work. This consists of crossing alternate layers of round or square timbers of any convenient size between the posts of the sets until the space between the sill and cap is filled, as shown in Figure 9. This crib work may extend from wall to wall through two or more rows of sets if required, and the spaces between the sets thus cribbed may be filled with waste rock, but this is called "filling," and will be referred to under that heading below. Bulkheading.—This method of reinforcement consists of placing timbers closely together in much the same way as the crib work above referred to, and wedging them tightly between cap and sill. Filling.—This method consists of filling the spaces between the members of the square set with any material such as waste rock, earth or sand. When the filling is done it is retained within proper bounds and the necessary passageways are kept open through the timbers by building crib work around them as described. Waste rock for "filling" purposes is generally secured from the development or dead work that is being prosecuted in other sections of the mine, but where a large quantity is required it is often found necessary to mine it specially for that purpose, or drawn from the waste dumps on the surface. About eight cubic yards of material is required to fill the vacant space of the frame of a square set, and the cost of such rilling will be the cost of obtaining and placing such material, together with the crib work required to retain it within proper bounds. General Remarks.—The square set svstem of timbering is used successfully and exclusively in all mines where large deposits of metalliferous ores occur. Where favourable conditions, such as railway transportation and a moderate supply of timber, exist, it is comparatively cheap. If care is taken in the construction of this system in the mine, it ensures that all the ore existing may be extracted without injury to the workmen or the mine. Round logs or sawed timbers of any dimension, ranging from eight inches upward, may be used, but the sizes are governed by the economic conditions and the mining requirements. In the mines of Rossland the round logs or timbers used for the square sets cost $1.20 for each log 16.5 feet in length f. o. b. the framing shed at the mine. These logs are cut in the State of Washington and delivered over the Spokane Falls & Northern Railway on flat cars, over distances ranging from 45 to 7$ miles, each flat car being loaded on an average with sixty logs. The unloading at the framing shed is done in a few minutes by cutting off the retaining, standards 011 the flat cars and allowing the logs to roll off on the storage platform. Of course, where waggon transportation is required from the railway terminus the expense will be correspondingly increased. In every mining camp there will be more or less variation in the method of framing and in the cost of the square sets in place, also the tonnage of ore to be extracted from the space occupied by each square set. Where the dip of the vein is at a flat angle, or the walls are bad, shorter posts than those described herein will probably be more advantageous; the more vertical the dip of the ore deposit the longer the posts may be, and vice versa. Where sawed lumber is comparatively cheap, 3-inch plank is preferable to lagging poles for floors, on account of the greater floors it offers for shovelling, and the fact that it mav be removed and reused. THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT ON MINING.* (By Edmund B. Kirby.) IN most mining districts of the world the difficulties which we as engineers have to confront are mainly business-technical problems. Methods and economies in mining, transportation, milling and smelting, studied both from the scientific and business side, absorb our attention. In few cases do questions of State economics force themselves upon us, because mining is almost everywhere a favoured industry, treated By governments with fostering care, and considered worthy of every sacrifice and every encouragement by the State. ■ It is rightly recognized as the mother of industries,, focusing the attention of the entire world upon each newly-discovered area. Upon this all the resources of civilization in men, money and skill are poure-d out. Around it agriculture, stock-raising, and lumbering spring up; railroads appear without the aid of land grants and subsidies; manufactures and towns follow, and a commonwealth is established. Now, the British Columbia mining industry is unique in the world, not.only in its entire lack of State recognition and fostering, but in the fact that difficulties imposed by State economics overshadow in importance all the ordinary technical and business problems with which mining men have to deal. It affords to-day a curious and interesting illustration of the injury wrought by unwise government, and also of the reaction of repressed mining upon commerce and other industries. These effects are emphasized by contrast with the present prosperous condition of the other Provinces of the Dominion, and also of the United States. It is clearly recognized by the Canadian Mining Institute that British Columbia contains one of the largest and most promising mineral areas of the Dominion. But in considering the welfare of its leading industry of what use is it to concentrate attention on the fine points of machinery, mining *Paper read before the Canadian Mining Institute, Nelson meeting. methods and •re treatment if we ignore such realities ich amounts to one-fifth of the gross value of the product, and a single item of which bars the treatment of low-graae ores r The phenomenon before us presents the following features: The Rocky Mountain range has been developed from lower South America to British Columbia, yielding a practically continuous chain of productive mining districts. It is found equally productive at the two points touched of Southern British Columbia and th? Yukon. The unexplored area between, some six hundred miles of which is in British Columbia, should average up as well as the part already known. Concerning the development of this area I quote from a memorial of the British Columbia Mining Association of June 28th, 1901:— "The development of those resources, begun a few years ago so auspiciously, has been brought to a practical stand-still, and whereas a few years ago the mountains were swarming with prospectors, today these pioneers of the mining industry have nearly disappeared. The flow of capital into the Province has been practically cut off, the metal production is at present decreasing, numbers of producing mines have closed down and those operating have, with a few exceptions, ceased to pay dividends. The working mines are struggling under heavy burdens which are still accumulating each year. It is now frankly ad mitted by mining men that the industry is prostrated in many mining divisions, and that its condition is rapidly becoming worse." Allowing for all the reaction of the mining boom the Association correctly ascribes the increasing paralysis to its two main causes—excessive taxation and oppressive legislation. At present conditions are even worse than those then described. Prospecting, and the development of new deposits to replace those exhausted, has practically ceased. Of 14,326 Crown-granted and recorded claims held December 31st, 1901, only 78 yielded ore in excess of 100 tons total production for the year. This is about one claim out of every two thousand held. The bulk of the tonnage was confined to a dozen or so mines, most of these operating at a loss. The increased metal statistics of $15,000,000 for 1901 against $11,348,000 for 1900 was due entirely to two mines, neither one of which yielded dividends, and one of which has announced a large increase in its debt. Moreover, the statistical figures of production are fictitious in that the metals are valued theoretically by New York quotations for the refined product, the true or actual values received by British Columbia industry being much less. Meanwhile the serious financial condition of the Province has been clearly shown by Mr. F. J. Proctor in his pamphlet on "The Financial Crisis in British Columbia," and it is currently reported that the Government failed in its recent attempt to float another loan in London. The stagnation of commerce and the present exodus 'if population are recognized by everyone. It is not of interest here to go into details about the oppressive and threatening legislation which in British Columbia has so characterized the dealings of the State with its chief industry. What is of moment is the spectacle, unknown elsewhere in the Dominion or in the Empire, and probably unparalleled in the world, of a mining industry trying to exist under a burden of taxation which amounts to between twenty and thirty per cent of its gross product. The gross products of British Columbia in 1901, as nearly as they are indicated by statistics, were about $27,000,000, distributed as follows: Industry Probable Annual Per cent. Production. Metal mining $15,070,582 55.1 Coal mining 5,016,398 18.3 Fisheries 3,065,900 11.2 Lumbering 1,690,000 6.2 Agriculture and Miscellaneous 12,520,000 9.2 $27,362,680 100 Without considering an increase in the $10,000,- 000, debt of approximately $800,000 yearly, the actual taxes collected, Dominion and Provincial, amount to $5,35°>000j which is 20 per cent, of everything produced. This is from a population which probably does not exceed 125,000 to 130,000 whites. Through the shifting of taxation by other industries on to mining the burden on the latter probably approaches 30 per cent, of its product, even when the latter is valued by the aforesaid fictitious method. In this remarkable state of affairs the fact that mining exists at all is the strongest evidence of the value of British Columbia ore deposits, and of the future which awaits the industry here whenever these artificial burdens are removed. - Even if the total load permitted it, low grade ores must remain for the most part untouched on account of the so-called 2 per cent, tax on the gross output of the mines. This tax is only one item in the total mentioned above, but it has the peculiar effect of exacting an increasing proportion of the net profits when applied to the lower grades of ore. For instance on the milling grades of Rossland it will seize anywhere from 10 to 20 per cent, of the net profits. This bars Treadwells in British Columbia. The present state of affairs is instructive not only to the mining profession, showing how unwise government can injure mining, but also to students of economics, presenting an extreme case of the blighting effects of taxation on industry. To the student the phenomenon is marked by the same familiar symptoms which always accompany evils caused by acts of the political organism. There is the same curious indifference and refusal to see facts as they are, the same tendency to ascribe evils to every cause but the right one. There is the usual effort to conceal the truth from the outside world and to condemn those who boldly and clearly call for reform. There is the same old anxiety not to correct the evil but to find excuses for evading action. WHAT GOVERNMENT COULD DO FOR MINING. Buckle, in his history of civilization, briefly characterizes its progress as the gradual abolition of bad laws. Beyond this industry requires nothing. All it wants from the State is what Diogenes asked from Alexander—-"Keep out of my sunshine." As every economist knows, the State is all-powerful to injure industry, but cannot directly aid it except by the familiar procedure of assisting one branch by robbing others for its benefit. Indirectly, however, the State can do wonders by the gradual, persistent removal of laws which oppress. Few people realize the sensitiveness of industry or the narrow margin 346 THE MINING RECORD. of profit by which it lives. Upon its delicate organization taxation acts literally as the hand of death. It shrinks, withers or dies at its touch. Taxation which is excessive or badly placed is worse in effect than war and pestilence. As industry declines the burden becomes heavier on the survivors, and thus the disease accelerates its own progress. Such taxation kills the goose which lays the golden eggs, and the bankruptcy of the State inevitably follows. The simple principles of modern scientific taxation are well understood. In theory, if not in practice, the world has progressed since Colbert, the famous Minister of France, summarized government finance as "the art of plucking the goose with the least amount of squealing." In the light of modern knowledge taxes may be so laid that industry is not only uninjured, but is, on the contrary, actually benefited by them. In this twentieth century there is no excuse for excessive taxation or for mediaeval methods. The State may, if it will, not only relieve the "Mother of Industries" from all its burdens, but it- may in a less important way encourage and aid it by attending to those matters which are beyond private enterprise. Maps, geological surveys, studies of districts and the collection and distribution of all kinds of information valuable to the industry, are peculiarly the province of the State. It should, however, be confined to this field, the only exception being the few cases where it is necessary for the State to interfere by regulations for the distribution of mining property and for public safety. It is easy for a department of mines to maintain such close touch with the whole industry, and such cordial relations, as to secure its effective co-operation in all its work. It should in fact as well as in theory be its representative its advocate and its watchful guardian. As to the outlook for relief in British Columbia, we do not delude ourselves with any illusions. The disease has gone too far. History shows clearly that in all such cases the evil forces which control the machinery of government hold out to the last against reform. No government ever reforms until it is forced to do so by the overwhelming power of popular will. The exertion of this power is always long delayed because of the apathy and blindness of the public towards economic questions, and the long time required for it to recognize the causes of its distress. It is probable that a prolonged period of depression and suffering will be necessary to educate voters and compel reform. Meanwhile only the richest and most fortunate mining enterprises will survive. But notwithstanding the gloom of to-day, we mining men, looking far beyond the present, have a clear view of the future grandeur of the commonwealth of British Columbia. We know its wonderful natural resources, the character and energy of its people. We know that civilization cannot be held back. Some day there will be good government, and with this one requisite supplied will appear an era of prosperity beyond the wildest hopes. Whether its arrival will find us here or labouring in other parts of the world we neither know nor care. We only know our present duty, which is to maintain a united front to the evils before us, and steadily to press the fight for reform. THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. (By W. M. Brewer.) THE mineral resources of Vancouver Island comprise gold-bearing quartz, copper-gold sulphide ores, bornite ore, iron ore, coal and auriferous black sand. The industry of lode mining is at present only in its infancy. Tn fact systematic prospecting was only really commenced about 1897. Since then the coast lines have been fairly well exploited, but the interior of the Island, except around Mount Sicker and Alberni, has not been explored. The reasons for this are that while prospectors can travel along the shore lines of the numerous inlets, bays and lakes by boat or canoe, it is only with the greatest difficulty that they can travel in the interior, where the growth of timber and underbrush is so dense, mountains precipitous and the streams too rapid to permit of navigation even with canoes. ' With these difficulties to overcome, and the further fact that until the present time all ore mined on the Island had to be exported to the United States for treatment, it is hardly to be wondered at that metalliferous mining has made no greater progress in the past, but in the future this rule should not apply, because smelting plants have been installed on the east coast of the Island, the Government has be'm extending the trails and improving the roads, and the population of the Island is more thoroughly educated in the work of the prospector and the business of developing" mines. The actual productive districts of the Island to-day, so far as metalliferous ores are concerned, are the Mount Sicker, Kennedy Lake, Alberni, Sidney Inlet and Quatsino. Of these, Mount Sicker takes the lead, the Lenora mine alone having shipped about forty thousand tons of copper-gold ore, while in the Tyee mine there are about sixty thousand tons of the same character of ore blocked out. This grade of ore yields per ton an average value of about five dollars in gold (five per cent, (dry) in copper and variable silver values sufficient to appreciably increase the commercial value of the ore. Besides this grade of ore there are some forty thousand tons of second grade on the dumps at the Lenora which carries sufficient value to pay a profit to the mine owners as will as for treatment at the smelter plant of the Northwestern Smelting and Refining Company at Crofton.. It was in consequence of the large amount of ore in sight and the promising prospects in the Mount Sicker District that the smelting plants at Crofton and at Ladysmith were erected during the past summer. The former of these, with a capacity of about seven hundred tons per day, erected by the Northwestern Smelting and Refining Company, has contracted for the entire output of the Lenora mine, production from which constitutes for the works a base of supply. This smelter will, in addition, to secure this tonnage, purchase copper-gold ores from all points on the Pacific Coast, with the expectation of treating mine products from as far north as Alaska, and those THE MINING RECORD 347 also from South America. The smelter at Ladysmith, with a capacity of one hundred tons per day, has been erected by the Tyee Mining Company for the purpose of treating the ore from that mine. The productive mines in the Alberni District have been the Three Jays, the Monitor, the Three W.'s, and to a limited extent, the Alberni Consolidated. The two last named produce gold-bearing quartz, some" of which carried very high values, the others coppsr- gold ores, the grade ranging from five to ten per cent, copper (dry) and about $3.00 in gold and silver per ton. In addition to these properties there are in the Alberni District a very large number of promising prospects partially developed which really merit thorough exploitation and systematic work. Besides the copper-gold and gold-bearing quartz ores in the Alberni District, there are quite extensive deposits of magnetic iron ore. During the past two years serious attempts have been made to determine the extent and permanency of these deposits, control of which has been acquired by a syndicate from the United States with the avowed purpose of establishing iron and steel plants on that side of the line. The ore carries from about 55 to 65 per cent, metallic iron, very low contents in phosphorous and silica, and no titanium. In the vicinity of Kennedy Lake comparatively narrow fissures filled with high grade gold-bearing quartz were discovered in 1899 and worked to some extent. On the Rose Marie claim a concentrating plant was erected and the concentrates shipped to the Tacoma smelter, but the owners becoming involved in financial -difficulties the plant was closed down. However, during the past season several other mineral locations were made in the same vicinity and samples of the ore shipped to the Crofton smelter for treatment with satisfactory results to ihe mine owners. The coal mining industry of Vancouver Island is so nrmly established and the areas of coal-bearing land so well known that any description in this article is unnecessary, nearly all being embraced by the land grant of the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railroad except about thirty thousand acres which was purchased by the New Vancouver Coal Company from the Hudson's Bay Company previous to confederation and a limited area on Quatsino Sound owned by a San Francisco syndicate. Owing to the discovery and use of fuel oil in California, which has in the past been the most important market for Vancouver Island Coal, the collieries have not produced as large a quantity during the present year as previously. Roughly speaking, the output has, in the past, averaged nearly one million and a half tons a year, about two-thirds of which has been exported. The establishment of smelters on the Island will prove beneficial to the coal mining industry, because of the increased demand for coke as well as coal. REDUCED COST OF MINING. ji '' HE following is the full text of the interview * with T. G. Blackstock, vice-president of the War Eagle and Centre Star mining companies, a telegraphic summary of which appeared in ,the Nelson Daily News Toronto despatches recently. The interview was given to a Globe representative. Mr. Blackstock said: "For a long time past, I might almost say for some years, it has been apparent to us that the charges of mining and development in Rossland, on the one hand, and of freight and treatment on the other, were such as to preclude the possibility of these mines paying the dividends that were expected. The reason for this was that the high-grade ore bodies were seg- In the vicinity of Clayoquot Sound and Sidney regated, and a great deal of dead work had Inlet a large number of mineral locations have been staked and the assessment work kept up on them. The ore is usually a fairly high grade chalcopyrite associated with magnitite, but on some locations in the Sidney Inlet camp considerable quantities of bornite carrying high copper values occur at and near the surface but is usually replaced by chalcopyrite before any great depth has been attained in the workings. The Quatsino Sound District has during the past year attracted much attention, due largely to the fact that a Tacoma company acquired by purchase a considerable tract of mineral land on which very extensive surface showings of good grade copper ore occurred, and immediately commenced systematic development on a large scale. An aerial tramway and bunkers were erected to facilitate shipment of the ore uuarried from the outcroppings. The grade of the ore had been established previous to the commencement of the construction of these improvements through shipments made to both Tacoma and Crofton smelters. The permanency and extent of the ore bodies at depth are being determined by actual work. The section in which these ore bodies occur embraces quite a large territory near the northwest end of the Island and during the" past season has received more attention from prospectors than any other portion. to be done to reach them, often through ore of too low a grade to stand these charges. It appeared to us, therefore, imperatively necessary to obtain, first, a substantial reduction in the cost of mining and freight treatment, and, secondly, to discover some means of handling these low grade ores at some profit. "Since dividends were last paid we have succeeded in reducing the cost of mining development very materially, in fact from about $4 a ton to $2.10 a ton, or cutting them about in half. This has been done chiefly by introducing a modified form of contract system. It was only lately, however, that the smelter people saw their way to make such a reduction in the freight and treatment charges as would justify us in commencing shipping on a large scale. Meanwhile, during the last three years, development work has been steadily pushed, and even while not shipping we have had at least 225 men employed constantly in the two mines. "The whole cost of freight and treatment," Mr. Blackstock continued, "has been reduced from $6 to $5 a ton on ores containing values to the amount of $9.50, while in ores under this grade the charges have been reduced from $6 to $4. "During this time, also, attention was paid to the problem of treating the low grade ores by some 348 THE MINING RECORD. process other than smelting. As the result of our experiments we have secured a mill at Silica, on Sheep Creek, a few miles from Rossland, which we have reconstructed and enlarged to a capacity of about ioo tons a day. It is not intended to use this mill for anything except experimental purposes, as a guide to us in erecting a larger mill, of a capacity of 500 tons or more per day, which mill we propose to erect next spring. I think that I can safely say that $5 ore may be treated by milling.at a profit. For reasons well known to mining men, high-grade ores can generally be more cheaply treated by smelting. I am satisfied that in a few years we shall be able to treat $4 ore at a profit." "How much do you propose shipping now?" Mr. Blackstock was asked. "Under our riew contract the two mines are to deliver 12,000 tons a month of high-grade ore, and as much more under the $9.50 limit as they choose, which will probably be from 6,000 to 12,000 tons a month more. We have not shipped in any quantity since the strike of a year ago last July, but have simply been making shipments from time to time of ore encountered in development, and also shipments lo test certain ore bodies. I would like to emphasize the fact, however, that we have never ceased operations, whether we shipped or not. At the time of the strike 500 men walked out, but since then we have had 250 men working on development work continually. I expect in a few weeks we will have fully 5°o men employed again. The labour troubles out there, I think, are settled." "You can hardly speak yet of dividends, I suppose?" "No, except to say that it will be some time before any are paid. The fact, however, that we will be making profits right along will afford a good deal of encouragement to shareholders. I am confident that w«r are on solid ground now, and getting to a basis where we shall be able to save something from the low-grade ore, as we pass through to richer ores. The truth is that nobody understood the nature of these mines nor the way their ores had to be treated. It has fallen to us to be the pioneers in that respect." VANCOUVER AS A MANUFACTURING CENTRE. (By G. A. Walkem, B.Sc.) THE City of Vancouver has in the last thirteen years become one of the first cities of the Province of British Columbia. About thirteen years ago a fire swept over the then small town completely blotting it out, but this disaster proved a blessing in disguise, as the city grew on new and modern lines to the proportions it has now attained. Situated on the Mainland, on one of the finest tidewater harbours of the world, at the end of a great transcontinental railway, the City of Vancouver possesses advantages -which should place it in theTirst rank as a manufacturing city, of such manufacturing as it is possible to do on the Coast. The city has for its size a large number of industries, among which the largest and most important and rightly so, is the lumber and sawmill industry. The mills owned by the B. C. M. T. & T. Co., by Tait, by Robertson & Hackett, the Pacific Coast Lumber Co., and others, do an immense business in this line, and these mills, besides the various shingle mills of the city, have at the present time to keep operating night and day to fill orders. The question of how long the supply of timber will last is one of vital importance to these mills, and to Vancouver. Already there is a scarcity of logs and other means have to be resorted to to get the logs out of the woods than were employed ten years ago. It is probable, however, that the supply of logs will be sufficient for a good many years to come, and that the mills will add to Vancouver's prosperity for a considerable time. After the timber in importance comes the iron industry. At the present time there are four or five works in Vancouver which manufacture and repair machinery of all kinds. The problem of manufacturing on the Coast is a very difficult! one. Even in San Francisco, an old city as compared with Vancouver, I do not think it is too much to say that 75 per cent, of the machinery used, is shipped in from the East, and that the machinery manufactured is machinery whose weight or bulk prohibit it being brought from the East, with the present means of transportation, or that it is manufactured for local work whose peculiar conditions demand it, such as placer mining, etc. It is the same in Vancouver or any of the Coast cities, so long as the raw supplies are brought from the East we will be seriously handicapped. The Vancouver manufacturer has to confine himself to the manufacture of things for which there is a local demand, and because of his proximity to his market to try and attain the perfection in these lines which the Eastern manufacturers cannot. The Eastern manufacturer's market is so much larger that he can build from 20 to 100 machines where we on the Coast will build one, and has a great advantage, and this combined with the lower wages paid to mechanics in the East, more than offsets the difference in freight rates of 80 cents per hundred on the raw product and $1.30 on the finished. I think, however, that notwithstanding all these things, should the labour unions not be too exacting in their demands, there is work enough in Vancouver for two or three iron working establishments. The mines of the Province use a large amount of supplies which can be transported round the Horn, and these are transhipped at Vancouver. It is true that Vancouver does get an advantage in the raw material that she gets from England as" this can often be brought round the Horn at a cheap rate of freight by sailing vessels, and this gives us an advantage over the inland cities which Vancouver should not be slow to take advantage of. Pig iron, bar iron, sheet steel, and other raw products can be thus imported and are manufactured here into the finished article. The Cariboo district has taken a large amount of machinery from Vancouver, such as hydraulic pipe, and other machinery used in connection with the placer mines, and will require a lot more should this district produce gold in any great quantity. Vancouver is catering for this trade lately, and will get more and more of it as time goes on. The Yukon district is a territory which rightly belongs to Vancouver, but which heretofore has not drawn a fair proportion of its supplies from this city. THE MINING RECORD. 349 Our American friends being more numerous, having more money and perhaps being more enterprising .than us, had control of this market for some time, but now this state of affairs is changing. Machinery built in Vancouver, sugar made here, candles, lumber, shingles, and other articles all manufactured here are shipped in, in greater or less quantities. The British Columbia Sugar Refining Co. is" an institution of great importance to Vancouver. Importing as it does its raw material, in bulk from Java, Borneo and other places, in the raw state and refining it here, it furnishes employment for a large number of men. This refinery has iust been enlarged at a great expense, and its trade extends as far as the Province of Manitoba. All varieties of sugar are refined here, white lump, granulated, brown, varying in color from the almost white to the heavy dark are produced by the refinery. A new and larger refinery is proposed at the present time, but it is doubtful if there is room for more than one. The Imperial Syrup Co., operated by Ramsay Bros., does a large manufacturing business, drawing its supply largely from the refinery and turning out confections of all kinds. The various sash and door factories deserve special mention, and their product is shipped as far East as Winnipeg. While it is too early in the history of the city to prophesy that we will have large manufacturers here, there will without a doubt be work enough to keep a large number of establishments supplying the needs of the Province and as the Province grows, so also will grow these industries. THE COMMISSION ON COAL MINING. (Specially Reported for the Mining Record.) THE commission on coal mining, appointed to, enquire into that branch of mining with a view to lessen accidents by explosions, returned to Victoria on Saturday, having concluded "its labours as far as the Mainland mines are concerned.! The Commissioners held their sessions for the taking of oral evidence at Fernie, but previous to calling witnesses, spent a week in examining the mines at Fernie, Morrisey and Frank, the Crow's Nest Coal Company affording every facility for the inspection. Having seen all possible at the mines, the taking of testimony under oath was proceeded with, about 25 witnesses being examined at length, in which as well as in the preliminary inspection, the practical knowledge of two of the Commissioners, Mr. John Bry- den and Mr. Tully Boyce, was of great assistance. Mr. D. Mackenzie, the secretary of the local Miners' Union, supplied the Commission with the names of most of the witnesses, which included miners of long experience, and all the underground staff of the Coal Creek mines. There were also some volunteer witnesses whose evidence was of much value on the various points touched, which included explosives, watering of dusty mines, tamping, safety lamps, electricity in the mines, ventilation and velocity of air, special rules for operating, examinations of miners, firemen, overmen and shot lighters, etc., etc., having in view the amending of present legislation governing these and the greater safety of all concerned. Most of the witnesses were in favour of excluding the present explosives altogether from gaseous mines, substituting for them the permitted explosives in use in British mines. All advocated the watering of dusty mines by pipe and spray system, except where watering would weaken walls or roof, the danger from the finer dust being apparently almost as much dreaded as From gas, so highly explosive is it. Th use of electric motors was condemned, except in main airways, by most of the witnesses, some regarding them as a source of danger anywhere in the mine. Tamping came in for a large share of enquiry, the system of tamping with coal dust as at present being generally considered satisfactory. The regulations for examination of the hole by the shot-lighter before charging seems "to be very little regarded in some places, probably leading to accidents involving the individual miner or more serious consequences. The merits of different safety lamps, of which half a dozen were exhibited to the Commission, were thoroughly canvassed, the Glanny, Gray, Wolf and the old Davey having each its advocates. The regulations for the use of the lamp as a detector of gas seem from the evidence to' be lightly regarded, the familiarity with a dangerous calling breeding contempt in the minds of some to the danger of themselves and others. This was shown by evidence of smoking" in mines, and the possession by men underground of matches, pipes and tobacco, for which offences most inadequate penalties have been the rule. Small fines are no deterrent. Only terms of imprisonment without option of a fine as given in Great Britain will have any effect on this serious class of offences. The examinations for certificates of overmen, firemen and shot-lighters call for alteration according to the view of the witnesses, a change in the examining body to the board examining mine managers beings advocated. The certificate to miners, it was the general opinion, should be granted only to men who had been employed for a year at the face or in timbering,, and not in minor employments about-the mine. Altogether, much valuable information on which ■ to found legislation was obtained and the Commission adjourned to meet at Cumberland on the 24th inst., to continue its investigations into the working of the Island coal mines. Cumberland, Oct. 1.—The Commission on coal mining finished at Cumberland to-day and left for Nanaimo by the noon train. Evidence of 23 witnesses; was taken and with few exceptions, was to the same- effect as that heard at Fernie last week, the subjects', touched being the same. All were agreed on' the absolute necessity of an adequate system of watering dusty mines. There was, however, a difference of opinion as to the necessity of shot-lighters examining holes, before charging, .the idea of some being that a competent miner might be trusted to clean and load the hole carefully. One of the miners propounded to the Commission a new and interesting theory on the subject of powder, stating that some new powder he had used gave off an acrid smoke on firing, which drew the flame of the safety lamp in a manner dangerous where there is gas. Others who followed had also observed this, and it was the general opinion that a clause providing for a government inspection of powder, with marking of qualities, etc., should be one of the proposed amendments to the mining law. The great lamp question came up, one very experienced miner giving a long list of reasons for prefer- 350 THE MINING RECORD. 'Mil ring the Ashworth-Hepplewhite-Gray as the best the mixed pulp and oil with a travelling apron provide lamp for general purposes and use by men experi- with a distributor of oil over its surface, substantially enced with lamps; a great feature being the good light as described, it gives. - The management of the local mines and the mining inspector were among the witnesses, the latter giving it as his opinion that the chief cause of the explosions in this district was probably blown-out shots. All mining men will understand the difficulty of fixing the cause of these unfortunate occurrences, but the conclusions of this gentleman is probably correct. It is very evident that here too, as at Fernie, the men do not take advantage of the rights to inspect the mines, one of the managers stating he had asked them again and again to do so and that no obstacle was placed in the way of a thorough inspection. The Commission goes to Ladysmith to-morrow and will resume, its hearings there on Thursday, previously visiting the local coal mines. RECENT CANADIAN PATENTS OF MINING APPLIANCES. MR. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, patent attorney, Vancouver, kindly sends us the following report, as being representative of the most recent improvements in the work of ore recovery and reduction :— <^r/ 3. In apparatus for effecting separation of minerals by the selective action of oils and like substances, the combination of a conical revolving sieve, a distributor of water shower over part of the sieve, a launder adapted to lead off the matters washed over the sieve, and a launder lined with blanket adapted to lead off the matters that pass through the sieve, substantially as described. &&?-2. No. 76451.—A. S. Elmore, London, England, is one of the patents covering the system of ore recovery being introduced by the Canadian Ore Concentration Co., and about to be tried on the Rossland ores. Claim 1. Apparatus for effecting the separation of minerals by the selective action of oils and like substances, comprising a mixture of the oil with the theaqueous pulp of pulverized mineral, an incline for downflow of the mixture having steps or baffles, an endless apron, means of distributing oil over it and means of causing it to travel in a direction opposite to the said downflow, a conical revolving sieve adapted to receive the discharge from the incline, a nozzle for delivering a shower of water over one side of the sieve, two launders, the one lined with blanket adapted to remove the matter that pass through the sieve and the other to receive the matters that are washed over the sieve, substantially as described. 2. In apparatus for effecting separation of minerals by the selective action of oils and like substances, the combination of a stepped incline for downflow of Patent No. 76550—W. T. Gibbs, Quebec, is for an electric furnace for the reduction of ores by the heat of radiation and reflection. Claim 1. An electric furnace for the reduction of minerals and analogous purposes, having one or more continuous resistances supported under pressure in an electric circuit, and a furnace chamber enclosing said resistances with a space below the resistances for the material to be treated, said chamber and resistance being so arranged that the resistance is out of contact with the material at all times and the heat generated by the resistance is applied to the material solely by radiation and reflection, substantially as described. 2. An electric furnace for the reduction of minerals and analogous purposes, having one or more continuous resistances in an electric circuit supported under adjustible pressure, and a furnace chamber' enclosing said resistance, or resistances with a space below the resistance for the material to be treated, said chamber and resistance being so arranged that the resistance is out of contact with the material at all THE MINING RECORD. 351 times and the heat generated by the resistance is applied to the material solely by radiation and reflection substantially as described. 3. In an electric furnace for the reduction of minerals and analogous purposes, the combination with the furnace chamber, of one or more continuous resistance rods D, enclosed within said furnace chamber and above the space for the material to be treated, moveable abutments E, between which the rods D are held, and means for adjusting said abutments toward each other, substantially as described. Patents issued to British Columbia inventors since our last report are as follows: T. S. Barwis, Vancouver, an improved water wheel. G. Lund, Victoria, gas burner. C. St. Jaque, Cranbrook, combination match box. W. G. Trethewey, Vancouver, on an improvement on his automatic train pipe coupler. This device has been adopted by the C. P. R., and is now supplied td the trains of the Imperial Limited. S. Fader, Vancouver, on an improved means for attaching a door handle to its stem. LONG DISTANCE ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION. THE Electrical Review remarks that the biggest electrical power transmission works in the British Empire have just been opened in Southern India. The generation station is constructed just below the Cauvery Falls, which are on the borders of the Mysore State, and one of the great sights of the country. They are situated in wild country, thirty miles from a railway. All the heavy machinery had to be conveyed over this distance by road, bullocks hauling, elephants pushing behind. The electrical power is conveyed across the jungles for a distance of over ninety miles to the Kolar Goldfields, where all the mines will henceforth be entirely worked by it. A feature of peculiar interest in connection with these great works at the Cauvery Falls is that they were carried out under the supervision of a Canadian, Captain Joly de Lotbin- iere, R.E., a son of the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. But it is very gratifying to learn that the United States supplied practically all the machinery. Captain de Lotbiniere had great difficulty at the outset in overcoming the Hindu superstition that the goddess of the sacred river would destroy all who meddled with the stream. This superstition found corroboration in the native mind from a severe outbreak of cholera and heavy mortality from materia which marked the commencement of the operations. However, tact and common sense were eventually too strong for superstition. MINING IN THE KOOTENAYS (Notes by a Special Correspondent.) Rossland and Boundary.—The opinion prevailing is that the long period of dullness in the Kootenays is at an end and must be followed by one of equalled prosperity, and the public who has for so long "refused to come in" may now confidently be expected to return to their old numbers. It is not likely that the start will be a false one. The permanent future of many of the camps, even though the gold- copper shipments have continued fair throughout the long depression almost entirely depend on the introduction of cheaper methods of concentration and other treatment- Now we learn with particular gratitude of the announcement from Mr. Blackstock, vice-president of the War Eagle- Centre Star Mining Co. at Rossland, that the concentrating problem of treating $5 ore has been solved and the probability of milling in the near future $4 ore at a profit. This announcement following so close upon Mr. J. J. Hill's recent visit to Rossland when better freight rates as between coke supply and smelter points were definitely promised, has infused the widest confidence into the camp. The impetus of activity shown by the Le Rod, is shared pretty well by all other companies- Large increases in the crews are being made. The Elmore Oil Process has been tested with very favourable results. Mining operations are in full swing at the War Eagle and Centre Star mines, while the Le Roi is surprising everybody. The 1902 returns from the Rossland Camp will show a marked gain over last year. The sudden revival of interest is likely to affect the production from the camp which has of late averaged five and six thousand tons weekly, to an output of ten to twelve thousand tons for the rest of the year. The Great Northern and C. P. R. are both prepared for heavy shipments with increased facilities now on the spot. In the Boundary the smelters are in full blast, and are again running at full capacity. There are seven furnaces in operation in the Boundary with a total capacity of about 2,500 tons. This month we hear a ledge of galena and grey copper averaging from ten inches to three feet in width and traceable on the surface for 600 feet was discovered at the North Fork of the Kettle River, 90 miles north of Grand Forks- The Granby smelter gives values of surface specimens which speak for themselves: 590 ounces silver and 15 per cent, copper; and SS ounces silver and 10 per cent, copper per ton respectively. The surface workings up on the northern part of the B. C. Copper Company's Mother Lode property, in Deadwood Camp, show a decided improvement in the quality of ore as compared with that heretofore mined on the same claim, and this notwithstanding that these older and much more extensive workings have latterly been turning out a better grade of ore than they were three months ago. This means, with ore running somewhat better in the big quarry and considerably better in the new quarry, that the position is better for the mine, even though the expected rise in the price of copper has not yet taken place. , As the ore in the new quarry carries a higher percentage of both iron and sulphur than that from the old, it serves ■ admirably to flux the more silicious ores from the older surface workings. The gold and copper values compare) favourably with those carried by the chutes of good-class ore occurring at the 300-ifoot level of the mine, so that in this respect, too, there is substantial reason to be well satisfied with recent developments. The ore output of the mine is now between 600 and 700 tons a day. The Granby Company has started work on a tramway to be used in connection with the new crusher recently ordered for the mine. The tramway will be 1,000 feet long, and will be of the three-track pattern, except at the turnout. It will be used to bring ore from the upper benches of the glory hole of the Knob Hill mine, which will be crushed in the new or breaker. Work on the tramway is now well under way, the bents and grading where necessary being in an advanced shape. It is expected the tram- way~„will be ready for use by the time the crusher is installed. Advices from the makers at Sherbrooke, Quebec state that the ore crusher has been shipped to Phoenix, and the machinery should arrive here shortly, when it will be at once installed. The 100-hors'e power motor, which comes from Peterborough, Ont-, is also ready for shipment, and the entire outfit will have arrived and be ready for use by the time the Cascade Water, Power & Light Co. are ready to supply the electric energy which has been contracted for. The ore crusher will be not only tbe largest of its kind in the Boundary, but the largest in British Columbia and it is believed in Canada. When running at full capacity it is capable of handling 3,600 tons of ore each 24 hours. The building for it has been completed, the ore to be dumped directly from the crusher into the C. P. R. dump cars and then taken to the company's smelter at Grand Forks. Nelson Mining Division.—The improvement is maintained and though there is nothing sensational to report, withal, most of the mining properties are engaging extra hands. The terminals for the tramway from the Venus to Ihe Athabasca mill are being erected- About 60 men are employed on this property. The Ore Mill group on Sheep Creek, owned by Godfrey Birtsch is to have a five-stamp mill on the property, the contract having been given to D. J. McNally. The Ymir Camp indeed may be said to be in a flourishing condition. A five-stamp mill is now on the ground at the Referendum, and extra men have been employed at the Poorman-Granite and Molly Gibson, which are both looking well. Kaslo and Slocan.—Silver-lead- shipments continue to improve, but while profits are, however, as a rule small, compared with those of the past a number of the mines are only making working expenses, whilst in general only the richer properties are producing largely, still general statistics are most favourable. Ore shipments from Kaslo show an increase of over 100 per cent, compared with the same period in 1901. The Arlington and Enterprise are working full forces and are the healthiest evidences of life in the division. It is authoritatively stated that a powerful Minneapolis syndicate has been formed for the purpose of building and operating monorail electric lines, both for passenger and freight service. The headquarters will be at Kaslo, and parties are now out surveying the proposed line. The syndicate has applied for a charter to erect smelters, refineries, etc., for the treatment of ores. There seems little doubt of these propositions going through, and as the tramways will operate through a large extent of country, mines hitherto hampered by the need of transportation facilities will be opened up. Owing to the several rich strikes made recently, the feeling pervading the dry ore belt is decidedly optimistic. In spite of the low price of metals the returns from the Enterprise are showing a steady improvement each month. The Enterprise mine is supplementing its concentrating plant on Tei-Mile with the Elmore oil process, it being contended that this new auxiliary will \ prove more profitable than the water process, which can hardly be said to be a success with the sulphide ores of this mine. Professor J. R. Parks, of Columbia College, is making an examination of the Arlington and Speculator mines, with a view to effecting a saving in the treatment of the silicious ores) of the dry ore belt. His researches may mean much for the mine producing ore similar to that of the Arlington and Speculator. An important strike has been made on the lower tunnel of the Speculator. It is reputed to be the biggest chute yet encountered. A zinc market for the zinc ores of the Slocan seems fairly assured. Representatives of the Lanyon Zinc Company of Iola, Kansas, are in the district and making contracts with the mines for their product. In view of the depression caused by the low price paid for lead ore, this is relieving. The Bosun mine never looked better; much development work has been done with sound judgment. The long No. I tunnel has come in contact with a fine showing of zinc. The chute is about 18 inches in thickness, and assays average 607 ounces of silver per ton and two per cent, copper. There is a vertical depth of 600 feet on the lead at the point where the ore has been encountered, and an upraise has been made for a distance of 17S feet to connect the No. 1 tunnel with a 90-foot winze sunk from the No. 2- Thirty-five men are employed. Lardeau Mining Division.-—Very large deposits of free- milling ore are being developed on Lexington Mountain, and in the same belt as the well-known Eva mine on Lexington Mountain another rich strike has been made, occur- ing on the property known as the Rossland Gioup and owned by the Ophir-Lade Syndicate, Limited. At a point 175 feet from the tunnel's mouth a short cross-cut was made on the hanging wall and a five-foot vein of quartz, apparently increasing with depth, was opened up in which visible gold is freely disseminated. Camborne and the new town of Goldfields, three miles further up Fish River appear destined to become the centre of the biggest free milling gold camp in the province in the very near future; considerable progress in all directions is now being made. The completion of the Northwestern Development Syndicate's mills at Goldfields will greatly stimulate the growth of that town- Mr. H. Z. Brock, manager of the Camborne group, which is owned by the Northwestern Development Syndicate, Limited, has just returned from the East and is now superintending the erection of a ten- stamp mill and five thousand feet of aerial tramway. A sawmill with a capacity of forty thousand feet per day is being built by the syndicate. During the week an additional force ot men has been placed on the property. Great prominence will be directed to this group when all these recent machinery additions are installed and it will be worth the attention of the public to follow the fortunes of the Northwestern Development Syndicate. The Guinea Gold looks most encouraging; two tunnels are being driven on the property, one of which is no feet long; 2,800 lbs. of ore was packed down to Ferguson on the 24th ult. Several tunnels have been driven on the Gilman, one being 250 feet in length; latest assays return $54.80 in gold, $16.00 in copper. Mr. A. C. Garde, of the Payne, has bonded the Linson View claim and several men are at work. Ore carrying values of $158.00 a ton has recently been shipped. In conclusion it may be said that the apathy which has denoted every other district has been a conspicuous feature in this division by its absence. The avoidance of producing stimulating effects in activity is noticeable. The bottom seems to be sound and progress has been continuous from the start; there have been no sudden leaps and bounds and a'ter a careful study of the situation we cannot see how the public can be asked to subscribe for the various species of wild-cat companies that are invariably introduced to general notice at a particular bright period. The views we hold With regard to the Lardeau are not altogether onesided. The Hon. the Minister of Mines for the Province of British Columbia on his visit last week to the mining districts laid particular stress on this district, saying: "One cannot fail to be thoroughly impressed with the extraordinary activity in the Lardeau. Showings are phenomenally rich and are general and widespread-" The assertion is true that the richest free gold propositions have been located here, ore generally carrying extraordinary values. The large number of capitalists who have become interested is significant. East Kootenay.—Mining business in East Kootenay is quiet. There is, however, considerable activity among the placer mines at Wild Horse Creek and the camp is reported to be booming. Concentrating works are being installed at the Estella mine at Tracey Creek. An organization to be known hereafter as the Kootenay Placer Mining Co., for the purpose of working four or five miles of placer ground, for which a lease has been obtained from the Government, situated above the falls on Perry Creek, has been formed. A' steam shovel, with a capacity of handling about 1,000 cubic yards per day is on the way to the ground. The right of way from the old town to the falls is being cleared. The outlook has improved all round and active- development work is more in evidence than for many months past. Ainsworth Mining Division.—From Pilot Bay we learn that a gang of men is now clearing out the trail from Crawford's Bay to the head of Gray's Creek, where a number of iron ledges of considerable commercial value are receiving attention. A very fine showing of grey copper has been encountered in No. 1 tunnel on the Silver Hill property. Samples assayed at Nelson return 480.6 oz. silver and 14 per cent lead. Ore will carry $250.00 in all values per ton. CANADIAN MINING INSTITUTE. NELSON MEETING. A SPECIAL meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute was held in Nelson on the ioth and 12th of September, Western interests being well represented. A resolution having been submitted to and approved by the meeting, providing for the establishment of a British Columbia branch of the Institute; the following gentlemen were appointed to act as an executive committee to effect the necessary arrangements: Messrs. S. S. Fowler (chairman), Hedley, Macdonald, Kirby, Keffer, Parrish, Garde, Cronin. Tonkin, Hobson, Robertson and Brewer. This committee were given power to add to their number, and a first meeting of the branch will probably be held in Victoria early next year. Later in the proceedings papers were read by Mr. Bernard McDonald, Mr. W. Thompson, Mr. S. S. Fowler and Mr. Edmund Kirby. Mr. Kirby's paper on the "Influence of Governments in Mining" provoked a lengthy and interesting discussion, Mr. Croasdaile, of Nelson; Mr. McEvoy, of Fernie and several other members disputing the fairness and strict accuracy of some of Mr. Kirby's figures and conclusions! THE MINING RECORD. 253 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. THE Journal of the Canadian Mining Institute, Vol. V., 1902; containing the Papers and Proceedings oE the Meetings of the Institute. Edited by the Secretary: Ottawa, 1902. This volume contains forty-one valuable papers contributed by members and student members, together with a report of annual general meetings held during 1901 and 1902. The volume is very handsomely bound and printed. A Classified List of Minerals. Precious and Other Stones, by Felbc J. Troughton. The Abbey Press; 114 Fifth Avenue, New York. Cloth: 50 cents. As the title indicates, this is a descriptive and alphabetically arranged list of minerals and precious stones, and includes all known varieties. It will prove useful for reference purposes, but the information in some instances might advantageously be made more comprehensive. For example, here are a few definitions taken at random from the list, .wherein much is left to the imagination: "Labradorite—A mineral." "Mica—A glistening mineral." "Nicolite—A mineral," and so on. The Design and Construction of Oil Engines, with full directions for Erecting, Testing, Installing, Running and Repairing; Including Descriptions of American and English Kerosene Oil Engines, by A. H. Goldingham, M.E. New York, Spon & Chamberlain: London: E. &. F. W. Spon,- Ltd. Price $2.00. The subject is here treated in a practical manner by a practical man. While several books have been written describing the working of gas engines, this is, we understanl, the only work dealing exclusively with kerosene or oil engines. The author draws largely on an extensive personal experience for much of the information he conveys. The book is devided into nine chapters. Chapter II exclusively treats on the designing of oil engines, and the following subjects are subsequently discussed: "Testing engines," "cooling water tanks and other derails," "oil engines driving dynamos," "oil engines connected to air compressors, water pumps, etc," "instructions for running oil engines," "repairs," while the concluding chapter describes the several types of oil engines. There are in addition a number of valuable tables and formulae. The Mining Manual for 1902, by Walter R- Skinner. A record of Information concerning Mining Companies, followed by lists of Mining Company Directors and Secretaries (sixteenth year of publication). London. Demy 8vo. • cloth. Price twenty-one shillings. Mr. Skinner's Mining Manual is recognized as the standard directory of British mining companies. This year's volume has over 1,700 pages, and contains particulars of no less than 3,523 companies arranged in four sections, 688 companies being Australian; 855 South African; 420 West African; and 1,560 miscellaneous (including Indian, British Columbia.-], American, etc., and the coal, iron and other mining concerns of the United Kingdom.) Full particulars and financial position concerning each company is also given. The lists of directors and secretaries comprise some nine thousand names and addresses. The work is too well knov.n to require commendation from us- Twenty-First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1899-1900. In Part V—Forest Reserves; Part VII—Texas. Charles D. Walcott, director. Year Book of the Michigan College of Mines, 1901-1902. Announcement of Courses for 1902-1903. Houghton, Michigan. CORRLSPONDENCE Olalla Copper Company- Mr. Brewer is certainly rather selt-contradictory. He commences by saying that he used my report to obtain his information and later on he says that what I say is of no account because I am not a mining engineer anyway. If that is bis opinion, surely he did not show himself as careful as he might be when he used the report of a man whose opinion be despised on which to base a letter to the public on such an important matter. The only inference is that at first he saw that the report was perfectly straightforward and unbiased, but afterwards when I saw that he was rushing to extremes in condemning all the claims and endeavoured to counteract the-effect of his letter he got angry and now he writes things which in calmer moments I am sure he will regret. As regards over-capitalization, Mr. Brewer's conclusions are based upon a contusion of mind which in a mining engineer is extraordinary. He argues under the impression that the promoters are selling the claims to the public for the capitalization of the company, and that they value their claims at three million dollars- Regarded as a sale the cash value the promoters are putting on the claims is the value of the amount of stock they own, not the value of the whole stock of the company, as Mr. Brewer wrongly assumes. The president of the company assured me that at least ninety-per cent of the stock will be treasury stock to be sold for the necessary cash to test all their claims and open up the good ones, so that we have to divide the capitalization of the company by the figure ten to get to know what the promoters are' charging the public for their claims, inasmuch as the cash obtained from the public goes into the development of the claims, not into the pockets of the promoters, who will not realize a cent until they get their dividends. Lots of people talk glibly about over-capitalization when they do not know what over-capitalization means. There is plenty of ground to spend more than the capital of the ■ Olalla company on the claims they own, end when so much of the stock is treasury stock it is an easy matter to reduce the capital at any time. If the promoters had kept the majority of the stock for themselves there would then have been room for criticism. As regards their advertising, I have not seen their advertisement in the newspapers, but whatever they may have said there is no justification- for rushing to the other extreme and saving they do not even own one promising prospect. Mr. Robertson's report is extremely fair and impartial, but the best showing. The east cut in the Bullion was not made when he was there last year. A. A. WATSON. Vernon, B. C. [Correspondence on this subject must now terminate. We have already expressed our opinion that the Olalla company is grossly over-capitalized, and that the methods adopted by the promoters to foist the stock on the public are open to the strongest criticism. Our readers are now in a position to form their own conclusions. —Editor.] THE CAPITALIZATION OF THE OLALLA CO. To the Editor:—Sir: I read with much amusement Mr. Brewer's savage attack upon myself in the matter of the COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. HASTINGS (B.C.) EXPLORATION SYNDICATE, LIMITED. AT the fifth ordinary general meeting of the Hastings (British Columbia) Exploration Syndicate, Limited, held the other day in London, the Chairman stated that a -year ago they were passing through a test period, and it was then impossible to say what the results would be until the mill was erected and at work. For several months after crushing operations were started great hopes were entertained of their enterprise proving successful. The output for November was estimated of the gross value of .£3,370 and for December £4,800, irrespective of 460 tons of ore and concentrates on hand for shipment to the smelter. With such prospects before them, and the assurance of their manager (Mr. Haultain) that there was nearly 12 months ore in sight, the board felt justified in declaring an interim dividend of is. per share. It was a great disappointment, therefore, to receive returns for January which disclosed an altogether different state of affairs. In the circumstances it was thought advisable to hasten the appointment as manager of Mr. Leslie Hill, and that gentleman sailed in March and took over the property at the beginning of the following 354 THE MINING RECORD. month. His report on the mine was most disappointing, and the board had no alternative but to shut down the mill and confine operations to taking out such payable ore as could be easily obtained. Since Mr. Hill's arrival, he had cut down expenditure and managed to make the production of the mine cover all outgoings, which was, in itself, a satisfactory thing. How long the ore would last it was impossible to say. Their one hope of getting any really good return on their money appeared to be in the coal lands of the Blair- moore district. Mr. Hill had formed a high opinion of these lands, and said that there was reason to believe that the company's area would be the most valuable coal property east of the Fernie coal field. The extent of their holding, jointly with other parties, was 9,000 acres, and at the present time negotiations were proceeding with a view to the sale of the land. It would be unwise, at the moment, to state what the probable profit on the transaction would be, but there was ground for hoping that the amount would be satisfactory. Should a sale be effected, the next step would be for the directors to summon a meeting of the shareholders to consider the future of the company. Bank of British North America. The net profits of this institution for the half year ended June 29 are £2,360 in excess of those for the corresponding period of last year. The directors have declared an interim dividend at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, which is the same as a year ago, leaving a balance of £6,099 to be carried forward- The following appropriations from the profit and loss account have been made for the benefit of the staff: To the officers' widows' and orphans' fund, £470; life insurance fund, £380; pension fund. £459. The progressive nature of this bank's business is evidenced by the steady increase of its dividend distribution. Thus, for 1895 and 1896 it paid 4 per cent; for 1897 and 1898, 5 per cent.; for 1899, 5J/2 per cent-, and since then it has paid 6 per cent, while a satisfactory increase of profit is shown by the report just issued. BOSUN MINES. The third ordinary general meeting of the Bosun Mines, Limited, was held in London last month. The Chairman, after paying a high tribute to the efficiency of the manager, Mr. Sandiford, explained that although the condition of the mine was excellent, it had been considered expedient to discontinue operations for a period, as the decline in lead and silver prices and the fact that the company was obliged to pay the miners a higher rate of wage, left little if any margin of profit. Recently, however, a considerable deposit of zinc-bearing rock had been encountered, and spelter being at_ present in great demand, it was hoped that the mine might soon again be worked. It was further stated that Mr. Sandiford had offered to accept a reduction of salary nntil operations were resumed, while the board agree for the meantime at least to waive their fees. YMIR GOLD MINES. Mr. Edward Hooper, who recently visited and examined the Ymir mine on behalf of the company, reports as follows: The general economic conditions appertaining to this mine, as well as the ordinary details with regard to underground development, machinery and plant, etc.. are well known to the directors, and it will not. therefore, be necessary to recount same here, but it will probably suffice to give a general description of the ore deposit, together with a summary of the results of the present examination. The ore body being worked in this mine is more or less lenticular in shape, and is contained in a fissure-fault traversing the slates which prevail in this district- The quartz is found at times to follow for a short distance along the bedding planes of tbe slates where disrupted by the act of Assuring, and these "spurs" have some times been followed for some distance under the impression that they were the main vein. Several small dykes of igneous rock (probably gabbro) are found crossing the vein and country rock, and as no movement is noticeable they are evidently contemporaneous with the formation of the ore body. Other disturbances of later origin have somewhat faulted the vein in places, although the dislocations so caused do not play any very important part in the economic working of the property. The permanence of the fissure is evidenced by the workings at the i-ooo feet level, where the vein is strong and highly mineralized. n pyrites in the quartz has hitherto been regarded as lief indication of the presence of sufficient gold and; The Mine.—The vein has been proved from the surface to a vertical depth of about 1,000 feet, the payable portion varying from 2^2 feet to 42 feet in width- The length of the pay chute at No. 1 level was about 440 feet; at No. 2 level the lateral extent of the vein worked by the stopes increased to 470 feet, but at No. 3 level the "chute" shortens to about 350 feet, and at No. 4 level the payable one is only found, so far, to have a length of about 200 feet, although the assays for the last 70 feet of the west drift (which is not included in above measurement) would seem to denote that a' certain amount of ore exists between this distance. The limits of the pay chute at No. 5 level have not as yet been fully determined, though present appearances indicate a decided tendency for it to pitch to the eastward, and a length of about 120 feet on this level, east of the shaft, has been proved to be payable. At levels Nos. 6, 7, and 10, no amount of payable ore has yet been found, and all work at these points is suspended until connection has been made with the main shaft of level No. 10. This last mentioned work is of great importance with regard to the extraction of ore below No- 3 level. It was not found possible to inspect No. 7 level on account of its being temporarily flooded with water. During the last six months over 80 per cent, of the ore has been obtained from the stopes above levels Nos. 2 and 3, since it was not feasible, owing to inadequate hoisting arrangements, to extract much of the ore exposed below No. 3 level. The presence of bunches or seams of zinc-blende, galena or iron the chie silver in the ore to render it payable. That the occurrence of these minerals in the ore is no criterion as to the accompanying precious metals, is sufficiently borne out by the recent development in No. 10 level, where the quartz carries about the same quantity of the sulphurets as near the surface, but very little gold or silver. However, at the present east face of No. 10 level the ore shows an increased quantity of sulphurets, and a selected sample taken here gave a value of $7-51, which is a higher result than any hitherto obtained. This is undoubtedly a favourable indication, and coupled with the fact that the pay chute in the upper levels has shown a decided tendency to pitch to the east, gives one every encouragement for continuing this level to the eastward. For the same reason levels Nos. 6 aad 7 should be extended without delay, confining the drives to the foot wall portion of the vein. The high assay at the west side of the shaft on No. 6 level was taken from the only portion of the footwall which was opened up', as the dyke interfered with the taking of a proper sample from the foot wall on the other side of the shaft. The Ore and Its Treatment-—The ore is chiefly composed of quartz, with which is associated about 8 to 10 per cent, of sulphurets of lead, iron and zinc. The gold evidently occurs for the most part in a free state, .over 60 per cent, being saved by amalgamation in the stamp mill and about 15 per cent, by concentration over the vanners, the average value of the gold left in the tailings being about $1.75 Per ton of ore treated. The concentrates shipped to the smelters from the commencement of operations by the company to 31st December, 1901, contained the average of 1.01 oz. of gold and 12.22 ozs. of silver per ton, and over 20 per cent, of lead. The efforts of the management are directed towards keeping- the zinc contents of the concentrates down to about 10 per cent., since a penalty of 50 cents is imposed by the smeLters for each unit over 10 per cent. The average duty of the stamps is not high, viz., 25^ tons per stamp per day, but this is chiefly due to the necessity of giving the frue-vanners ample time to make a close concentration. The newly erected cyanide plant has a reputed capacity of 200 tons of tailings per day, and originally it was proposed, for the double purpose of ensuring a better and richer leaching product as well as increasing the duty of the stamps, to use screens of a larger mesh in the mill. Owing chiefly, however, to the backward state of development in the mine, and consequent inability to keep more than 50 stamps supplied with ore, the same necessity for increasing the duty of the stamps does not now exist, and the older practice will be adhered to. Cyanide operations commenced in March, and up to the 30th June, 11,126 tons of tailings had been treated. According to the assays of the tailings and residues about 835 ozs. THE MINING RECORD. 355 °i i?° an 3'116 ozs- of silver have been saved theoretically although the actual results, which are not vet obtainable, will undoubtedly be considerably less. The operation of cyaniding has naturally been attended at the outset with many minor difficulties, and the average cost per ton of the tailings treated, viz., $0.63, is high, and should still be reduced. Ore in Sight.—In calculating the amount of ore blocked out, 11 cubic feet have been taken as equivalent to one ton of 2,000 lbs. Ore in sight. Tons. Between the surface and No. 1 level 100 Level Nos. 1 and 2 6,460 Levels Nos- 2 and 3 32,540 Levels Nos. 3 and 4 41,152 Levels Nos. 4 and 5 26,116 Total amount of ore blocked out 106,368 In calculating the above mentioned quantities, an allowance of from 10 per cent, to 30 per cent, has been made for the waste or poor rock, which should be eliminated from the ore before being sent to the mill. The ore blocked out can- safely be computed to have a value of $7.50 per ton. and should, by the aid of further development work at No. 6 level, and possibly also at No. 7 level, be considerably augmented, although it cannot Le denied that the work done at Nos. 4 and 5 levels points to a shortening of the chute in depth, but whether this is of local occurrence or not future developments must show- Value of the Ore.—The average gross value of the metals recovered has fallen from $11.94 in 1899 to $6.84 per ton during 1902. This decrease in values was rendered more apparent than real by the extraction and shipment to smelters during 1899 of a considerable quantity of rich carbonates and crude ores. At the same time it cannot be denied that a lower grade of ore is being worked than hitherto. During' the past six months the falling off in the values has been most marked, and this may be partly attributed to the milling of ore from Nos. 5, 6, and 7 levels without any previous assorting thereof, for it is plain from the sampling that the whole of the vein as mined will not pay to treat. The importance of sampling lis demonstrated by that done for the purpose of the present investigation. Not only does a "horse" of slate exist in the centre of the ore body at No. 4 level, but that for the most part the ore on the hanging wall is much poorer than that on the foot wall side of the vein. With the observance of greater care in mining much of the poor and sterile rock in the ore could be prevented from being sent to the mill as at present, and so maintain an average value of at least $7.50 per ton in the ore milled. Working Costs.—The expenses per ton milled during the past six months were higher than those in the previouj year. This is, to a great extent, due to the lessened output, but the figures are also- swelled by the construction and operation of the cyanide plant, as well as by the increased amount of development work accomplished. At the same time, owing to the natural advantages for working the property economically, the actual costs of mining and milling are still low, and will compare favourably with other mines' working under similar conditions. Conclusions.—It is obvious that the bold policy which was adopted in concentrating almost all the available time and capital towards the cutting of the vein at the 1,000 feet or No. 10 level, and thereby neglecting the development of the ore body step by step in a downward direction, has failed in its object, for the single reason that where intersected the vein was not payable. However, much valuable information has been gained, and tbe management will soon be able, by the connection of the Ymir shaft to No. 10 level, to secure, what is most important, good ventilation, besides doing away with the expense of pumping. The proved continuity of the vein in depth, and so highly mineralised, is undoubtedly a favourable feature, and engenders confidence for a recurrence of the gold and silver values, although this is a fact which only further develop- ' ment can demonstrate. This development should primarily consist of the following work, viz.:— (1) To continue the work of upraising from level No. o to connect with Ymir shaft. (2) To continue driving level No. 10 to the east. (3) The extension of Levels Nos. 6 and 7 to the west as well as to the east. LILLOOET FRASER RIVER AND CARIBOO GOLDFIELDS (LTD.) At an extraordinary general meeting of the members of the Lillooet Fraser River and Cariboo Goldfields (Limited) held on Wednesday at College Hill Chambers, College Hill, E.C, a resolution for the voluntary winding up of the company, passed at the extraordinary general meeting held on August 6 last, was confirmed. It was stated that from the amount in hand a first dividend of 5s, or 5s. 6d. would be paid about November, and that the final dividend would depend upon the realization of some small properties owned by the company in British Columbia. 3 per cent. 1 MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. CARIBOO. THE gold output for the Quesnel Forks division of Cariboo will not, it is reported, be as large as was expected, owing to a shortage of water by hydraulicing, but in the Barkerville section the results of the season's work are reported as the best for many years. It is reported officially on behalf or the management of the Cariboo Consolidated Hydraulic Mining Company, that recent partial clean-ups of the gravels on the property of the undertaking have realized 465 ounces of gold in all, 115 of these coming from the well known Ah Quay claim. ATLIN. The opinion is expressed that the gold output from this district this year will exceed that of last season, the value of the yield being estimated at approximately $650,000. YUKON. A despatch from Dawson City states that the August gold exports bring the Yukcn shipments for the season to the total of $8,060,000, in round figures. It is expected the grand total for the season will reach approximately $10,000,000. This is the last month in which heavy exports of gold are likely to be made. However, if the season should remaia mild, shipments may be made the first two weeks of October. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. The following table gives ore shipments from this district for the year 1902 to the week ending September 27. Tons. Granby Mines, Phoenix 230,461 Snowshoe, " 6,448 "Mother Lode, Deadwood 84,268 Sunset " 4,520 B. C. Mine, Summit 4,658 Emma, " 16,17 Winnipeg; Wellington 785 Golden Grown, " 625 No. 7 Mine, Central 482 Jewel, Long Lake 2,175 Providence, Providence 43 Total, tons 336,989 Granby Smelter treatment, tons 217,610 ROSSLAND. Our Rossland correspondent telegraphs on Sept. 27th: Shipments from August 24th to date (inclusive) are : Le Roi., 19,545 tons; Le Roi No. 2, 5,562 tons; Centre Star, 7,322 tons.; War Eagle, 4.6S6 tons; Giant, 895 ; Velvet, 300 tons. Production for the year to date aggregates 241,544 tons. 'The Rossland Daily World publishes the following table of 1902 shipments to September 20th:— Tons. Le Roi 165,835 Le Roi No. 2 47,694 Centre Star 11,148 War Eagle 4,201 Great Western 2,315 Giant 2,149 Velvet 750 Cascade 300 Bonanza 60 Kootenay 50 Spitzee 20 White Bear 20 Total 233,523 356 THE MINING RECORD. SLOCAN. \H The New Denver Ledge publishes the following table of this district's output from January ist to September 20th, 1902, inclusive: Payne Ivanhoe Sunset (Jackson Basin). Reco American Boy. Arlington Hewett Bosun Last Chance... Wonderful Enterprise Lavina Bismark Queen Bess .. Silver Glance. Whitewater.. Ottawa Capella. Florence Trade Dollar. Slocan Boy.. Neepawa Hartney Marion May Paystreak Snrpri&e Monitor Slocan Star .. Duplex Emily Edith.. Wakefield Prescott Rambler Molly Gibson, Washington.. Elliott C. O. D London Hill.. Ruth Antoine R. E. Lee Spectator Red Pox Antione Hampton Total tons. 1072 372 764 322 737 2769 765 850 168 151 1740 85 62 160 77 2881 8 40 1 20 115 101 25 90 5 7 22 870 553 7 20 180 4 3695 1500 187 115 588 20 80 4 40 40 4 21 21,331 DIVIDENDS. London advices state that the directors of the New Vancouver Coal Company have declared an interim dividend of COMPANY NOTES AND CABLES. Velvet, Rossland.—The manager has cabled to the board of the company in London that he resumed shipments of ore on the 4th inst. The first returns received from the smelter are as follows: 85 tons yielded 109 ozs. of gold, 7i ozs. of silver, 13.227 lbs. of copper, wet assay; net proceeds from smelter, $2,441. or an average of $28.71 (£5 14s. 9d- per ton. The second returns received from the smelters are as follows: 83 tons yielded 88 ounces gold, 66 ounces silver, 2,900 pounds copper, wet assay; net proceeds from smelter $2,027, or an average of $24.42 (£4 17s. 8d.) per ton. Giant.—Cablegram, dated September 8th, from the resident director at Rossland: "Shipments last week, 170 tons The average is $18 to $20. Ore leady, steadily improving " Note: "With reference to the word 'leady' it obviously means that the shipment in question contains no copper values, but is made from the Molybdenum ledge, which is smelted on a lead basis." Le Roi No. 2—The manager cables: "Shipments during August amounted to 4,585 tons; contents, 2,245 ounces gold, 5,651 ounces silver, 109 tons copper. The returns from ore, after making a deduction of all smelting charges, amount to $36,500. The cost of mining may be taken at $20,500, leaving profit for last month $16,000. Shipments suspended for five days on account of accident at the mine; cross-cut from (a) at the bottom of 700 foot level winze on 900 foot level shows vein to be 39 feet in width, 15- feet of which is shipping ore. The ore chute below 900 foot level will not be subject to disturbance by system of dykes that disordered veins in the upper levels; now cutting station main shaft 200 foot level." Le Roi.—Cabled returns for August: "Shipped from the mine to Northport, 17,000 tons of ore, containing 7,790 ounces gold, 14,141 ounces silver, and 783,000 pounds copper; shipped from the dump to Northport, 1,200 tons of ore, containing 550 ounces of gold, 650 ounces of silver, and 33>505 pounds of copper; estimated profit $76,500. The manager further states .that, after lengthy negotiations, the Great Northern Railway Company has made substantial reductions in freight and coke rates, which will in future enable him to treat a much lower grade of ore at a profit than formerly." Whitewater.—Cable dated August '26th states: During last month 3,929 tons have been milled, producing 218 tons of concentrates. Approximate profit on month's work is $4,092 (£843). Enterprise.—Cablegram received from Nelson office says: "For the entire month of August—milled 730 tons— estimated profit $3,930 (,£810) does not include zinc." Monitor and Ajax Fraction.—The report for the month of July is as follows: — July 31st—Ore shipped and settled for—Crude galena 122 tons, estimated net value $8,914 July 31st—Ore in hand—Crude galena 56 tons, estimated neti value $3,ooy> Ore mined during the month—Crude galena 80 tons, estimated net value $4,000 ~ ... $7000 Cost of mining per ton 7.94 Cost of mining per ton (previous month) 8-28 Development, 145 feet— Cost of development p. f 7.58 Cost of development p. f. (previous month) 6.57 No. 5. Last weekly report gives us the ledge in this level as fully 6 feet wide; the large body of ore referred to in the last report has been explored to a distance of 64 feet in a southerly direction. The mining manager now reports that the chute encountered in this level corresponds with the chute found in level No. 4, Station No. 2, which will be remembered is 217 feet above present level. The total of ore shipped for eleven months up to 30th July, is 903 tons, of the value of $71,363, say £14,714. Two new properties to the southwest of, and contiguous to the Portland, through which the Monitor ledge is believed to run, have been acquired this month on very advantageous terms. Tbe general position of affairs at the mine is regarded as most satisfactory. Very large amount of outside work has been done during the month, for providing suitable accommodation -1 or storing and assorting the ore for No 5 level, and m laying the rails to connect up this level with the Canadian Pacific Railway. Kootenay Mining Co.-Following is the mine managers report on the mining operations ended July 31st-—"Exploration and development—No. 6 adit tunnel—This was advanced a distance of 130 feet, making the total length driven from the portal1 1,884 feet. The entire distance was driven on ore. making the total length of the chute as now opened longitudinally on the vein 474 feet. This chute carries varying values, divided on the chute as follows: Commencing at a point 1,410 feet from the portal to a point 1.694 feet Dm the portal a total ler- or THE MINING RECORD. 357 heavy sulphide ores, having an average, assay salue of $6 per ton. Commencing at a point 1,829 feet from the portal, to a point 1,850 feet from the portal, a distance of 21 feet, shows mixed ore and vein matter, having an average assay value of $2.50 per ton- Commencing at a point 1,850 feet from the portal, to the present breast, a distance of 34 feet, shows heavy sulphide ore, consisting of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, assaying about $5 per ton. The last 34 feet opened on the chute differs from any other ore found in the mine, inasmuch as it carries considerable copper (1 per cent, to il/z per cent.). The same chute is apparently opened on the west end of No. 3 tunnel, but carries practically no values on that level. The ore evidently gains in value as depth is attained. The entire breast of the tunnel being in very promising ore, the drift will be continued." Rossland Great Western-—The following is the mine manager's report on the operations for the month ended July 31st: "Exploration and development—During the latter part of the month work was confined to an attempt to locate the downward continuation of the high-grade ore chute below the 300-foot level and west of the main three compartment shaft, the efforts to locate these ore bodies proving unsuccessful. West of the main shaft drifting east was commenced on the 600-foot level south of the main three compartment shaft. At a point 300 feet east of the shaft a body of ore was encountered, which promises well. The vein has been crosscut, and shows the vein to be fully 15 feet wide, with 11 feet of solid clean ore. Samples taken the full width of the face gave average assays of $15 per ton. The vein shows six feet of clean ore on footwall and five feet of mixed ore on hanging wall. The ore chute was not encountered until the last week of the month, consequently but little development work has been done. Judging from present appearances, however, this promises to be the strongest ore body yet discovered in this mine.' Giant, Rossland.—The following circular has been issued to the shareholders: Regular shipments to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's smelter, at Trail, commenced in May last, since which period there has been a steadily increasing output. The profit on these shipments has been most encouraging. In addition, a tunnel to strike the ledge at depth, has not only been commenced, but is rapidly near- ing completion. Mr. Richard Marsh, the well known assayer of Rossland, acting on instructions, took over 300 samples from every part of the mine; and he certifies that the average assay of these samples is $25 (in gold) per ton. He furthermore points out that the Giant output (being in gold) is not as with neighbouring mines, subject to market fluctuations, and that it is free from refining charges. I am requested also to point out that the results from the shipments to Trail do not include the results that may be obtained from the Molybdenum the Giant ore contains. Under the present system of smelting the Molybdenum values are not extracted, but exhaustive tests of the Giant ore have been made by the oil process, with the result that when the process is applied to the ore in bulk, the value of its contents should be an additional £4 per ton. Our. resident director at Rossland is of opinion that the outlook at the mine—apart from the possible profits to_ be derived from Molybdenum—is sufficient to warrant him in concluding that the Giant should soon be in a position to earn satisfactory dividends. Le Roi.—The report for July officially issued is as follows: "The tonnage shipped during the month, together with its contents and gross values per ton, was as follows:— Ozs. Au- Ozs. Ag. Lbs. Cu. Value 1st class 2nd class dump . Dry tons. . 14,492,734 8,437,974 14,099-69 1.677-534 1.005.887 1.376.89 wet. per ton. 672,314 $17.67 55,332 $16.35 16,170.268 9,443.861 15,476.58 727.646 Mine Expenditure— The expenditure for the month on mine account was $5i.385-53 The cost of breaking and delivering ore on the railroad cars for the month was $2.87 per ton. The cost of loading second class ore from the dump was 27.3c., which, added to the 2 per cent- ore tax for the month, brings it to 40c. per ton. The cost of delivering first class ore on the railroad cars, including all mine expenditure other than cost of second class-ore, was $3.50 per ton. Northport Smelter— The expenditure for the month was $159,314.86 The following statement gives the details of the ores received at the smelter during the month and the contents:— Tublic Ores: Dry tons. Ozs.Au. Ozs.Ag. Lbs. Cu. wet. Le Roi No. 2 6,454.924 3,255.196 7,700.19 293,438 Le Roi Ores: |§ class 14,492.734 8,437.974 14,099-69 672,314 2nd class dump 1.677-534 1,005.887 1.376-89 55,332 22,625.192 12,699.057 23,176.77 1,021,129 The tonnage treated during the month was 19,965, segregated as follows:— Roasted ores 10,764.5 Raw Le Roi No. 2 5,006 Raw Le Roi second class 2,286.5 Raw Le Roi first class 1,908 19,965.0 Profit for the Month— The gross value of the first class ore shipped from the miae was equal to a value per ton of $17.67=1256,086.60 From this deduct difference between gross value and refiners' settlement raifces, and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days, and copper 60 days $3.02=$ 43,768.06 14,492.734 dry tons, net value per ton...-$i4.65=$2i2,3i8.54 Deduct cost of mining and smelting 119,420-12 Net estimated profit first class ore 92,898.42 The gross value of the second class dump ore shipped was equal to a value per ton of $16.35=$ 27,427.68 From this deduct difference between gross value and refiners' settlement rate and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days, and copper 60 days 2.20= 3,690.58 S677'534 dry tons, value per ton $14.15.-. Deduct cost of loading on cars, freight, smelting, interest, etc 23-.737-'-o 287.01 Estimated net profit second class dump ore $ 15,450.09 Total estimated, net profit for the month $108,348.51 Development— 700 Tregear drift Advanced 14 ft. 700 Tregear raise 40 ft. 900 Josie dyke crosscut 46 ft. 1,000 East winze 26^ ft. 1,050 West drift " 57 ft- 1,050 West drift, north crosscut " 42^ ft. 1,200 East drift " 90 ■ ft. 1,200 East drift, south crosscut 5 ft. 1,200 West drift " 87 ft. Mining.—1,200 Level.—The west drift is now out from the main shaft 149 feet. At a point 125 feet from the shaft we have smarted a crosscut north and south. This crosscut is about under the ore body exposed on the 1,050 level. The east drift is out 157 feet. We will endeavour to locate the ore body by crosscutting. Up to date this level is rather disappointing as nothing of value has been encountered. 1,050 Level.—The west drive is out 261 feet, the face being under the Mulligan chute. As shown on the plan, this drift has exposed a large body of low grade ore, but, so far, we have failed to locate the high grade ore shute developed in the 900 winze. The east winze is down 26yi feet, tbe bottom being in solid ore carrying values of $8.30 per ton. 900 Winze (intermediate stope).—The ore seems to be pitching off flat to- the west, and it is impossible to determine just what it will lead to. This ore is high in gold values, but contains very little copper, therefore I am conserving it to mix with that coming from the 800 stope, which is high in copper and low in gold. The stopes above the 900 where we are operating, are all locating good, • except the 358 THE MINING RECORD. first and third levels of the old shaft, which are somewhat lower in value. We will commence sinking the main shaft within a week.- Smelting.—As previously mentioned, the ore smelted during July was small compared to the capacity of the plant, owing to the shortage of coke dn consequence of labour troubles at Crow's Nest Pass (now settled). We, however, produced and shipped 30 carloads of matte, containing $330,000. This was due to the high grade of the ore treated. No. 1 furnace is in shape to blow at any time. It is practically a new furnace. Furnace No. 3 has been thoroughly overhauled, and we are now putting Nos. 2 and 5 in good condition. We have taken out the bottoms of Nos. 1, 2 and 3, and from the numerous samples taken I estimate the metal values contained in the three at $45,000. I intend to take out the bottoms of Nos. 4 and 5. The latter is supposed to be very rich, owing to the large quantity of furnace bottoms which were fed into it at the clean up made during the time of the late labour troubles. I consider it a waste of time and money to recharge this rich material into the furnaces, as it immediately goes to the bottom, where the greater part of it remains. I am erecting a small reverberatory furnace that will treat bottoms very cheaply. It will make a rich matte that can be carefully sampled and readily sold in New York. The total cost of this furnace will not exceed $1,500. I expect to be able to ship the rich product now tied up in furnace bottoms about the middle of September. Cariboo Gold Fields.—The Cariboo Gold Fields, Limited, has so far this season made a modest output, which is stated by the managers to be satisfactory under all the circumstances of the cases. A parcel of 308 ounces of gold was, the other day, sent to the Bank, and the season's yield in all to date—with some more to come—approaches $15,000 in value. Meanwhile the Waverley mine cleared up 243 ounces on the 5th September, and will have another cleanup shortly, ere the season closes. These yields of the above mines are of course only to be regarded as in the nature of preliminary yields and auguries of much greater results expected in the future. Slough Creek, Cariboo.—Sir J. Bevan Edwards cabled the directors from Barkerville on the 29th ult.: "I have finished Visit; the general results of my inspection are very satisfactory; shall leave to-morrow for Victoria; the necessary development works have been very cautiously carried out; to my mind it is absolutely necessary, considering all circumstances; we may expect to be in channel any moment; gravel now in face of upper part of crosscut; there are no special difficulties in the way with regard to water; I fully believe there is a splendid future for the property, which there is every appearance should pay from the date of entering channel and getting gravel; I expect to reach England at the beginning of October." Ymir-—Cablegram from the company's manager at Nelson, B.C., dated nth September:—"During last month 50 stamps ran 620 hours (25 days 20 hours). Estimated profit on operating, $113 (£23). Above was arrived at after development, $2,242 (£462). Bush fire, $4,485 (£924); repairs, $800 (£164), written off." TRADE NOTICES, CIRCULARS AND CATALOGUES. A DENVER FIRM OF ASSAYERS. THE Ogden Assay Co., whose office address for many years has been 1429 16th St.. Denver, have removed to more convenient and centrally located quarters at 1725 Arapahoe St., of that place. The firm is well known to mining men and prospectors throughout the mining regions of the United States, British Columbia and Mexico, they having advertised continuously for a number of years in this and many other mining publications. THE TRENTON IRON CO.'S SA^ FRANCISCO AGENCY. We regret to learn of the death, which occurred recently, of Mr. Newton M. Bell, for some time representative of the Trenton Iron Co., in San Francisco. Mr. Bell's successor has not yet been appointed. JEFFREY WATER ELEVATORS. An illustrated catalogue and price list of water elevators, manufactured by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, Ohio. These elevators are operated by horse-power, while a special design is made to float on water and is driven by the current. - KLEIN'S COMBINATION CLASSIFIER. The Allis-Chalmers Co., Chicago, 111., publish a pamphlet describing this machine. The Klein classifier embodies a new principle, viz.: the use of compressed air with the water to effect the sizing, thus greatly reducing the quantity of water as a rule required. It is a well recognized fact that to obtain good results in concentration, a very careful, complete and accurate sizing of the material must be made. It is also necessary to make a complete separation of the slimes from each sizing as they invariably contain considerable values which if mixed with coarser material would be lost. This, it is claimed, can be accomplished by the Klein Combination Classifier without any difficulty, thus permitting separate treatment of the slimes mixed with a minimum quantity of water. COAL EXPORTATIONS AND TRADE. EXPORTATIONS from Vancouver Island collieries during the month of August were as follows:— Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 24,061 Ladysmith 26,396. 50,457 The San Francisco market remains unchanged. Mr. Harrison, the coal and metal broker, of that place, estimates in a recent report that shipments from Australia this year can hardly exceed 25,000 tons, and remarks that this is an exceptionally small amount, yet it will not lead to any dis- , turbance of values, as the Coast collieries can more than make good any shortage in the deliveries of foreign grades. Prices remain unchanged, and judging from the activity of teamsters on the water front, sales must be fairly large. There seems to be no evidence of any immediate settlement of the coal strike in the East, but as we receive small quantities from there, ninety per cent, of which is for blacksmith uses, our price for eastern coals are varied but little. It may probably effect the value of Cumberland coal some few months hence, as some of the future cargoes of Cumberland must be loaded with high cost coal. MINING STOCK MARKET. (Specially Reported.) THE market during September has been steady, but featureless. Centre Star has been freely dealt in at from 40 to 41 and War Eagle at 19 to ig}4. Payne has been in considerable demand recently at 15^ to 16. Anieri- . can Boy has been active at SJA to 6, as also Cariboo McKinney at 20 to 22 with Western buyers and a considerable advance is expected shortly. Large blocks of Fairview shares have sold at 8 to Syi. The North Star company has paid a third quarterly dividend of 1^/2 cents, but there has been no appearance of a rise in share prices, sales having taken place at from 19 to 20. Waterloo has been in demand at 3 cents. Republic stocks have slumped badly, being quoted at 8 to 9 cents; Mountain Lion at 18, Lone Pine at 3^4 to 4. THE METAL MARKET. THE feature of the month has been the improvement in copper. The market for some time has been very depressed, on account, it is said, of the uncertainty as to the statistical position of the metal. The recent publication of these returns has shown that the accumulations at the beginning of the year have been absorbed and that the present stock is nominal. In consequence there has been large buyings, resulting in noticeable appreciation of prices. This was afterwards followed, however, by a reaction. Laice copper at last account is quoted at iiJ4@ii%; electrolytic in cakes, wirebars and ingots at n^@n^i: cathodes rt U/^®11?^' and casting copper nj4. The silver market continues- dull, but steady. Prices are stationary at under 52. Lead is reported from St. Louis as being firm and in fairly good demand. There is, however, little change in prices, which are quoted at 4.oo@4-o5' St. Louis; 4.05(0)4.10, New York. The London market has gained somewhat in strength since last month. Spanish lead is quoted at £10 18s. 9d. to £11. Spelter is firm at $V\ St. Louis; 5^ New York. THE MINING RECORD. 359 LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER. Prepared by the Stuart Robertson Co., Ltd., successors to A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. 0. Companies. Cariboo McKin'y( Cariboo Hydra'lic Centre Star Crow's Nest P. C. Dardanelles Evening Star Fairview Corp'n.. Iron Mask jumbo North Star Payne Rambler Slocan Star Sullivan War Eagle Waterloo Winnipeg St. Eugene Granby Week Ending Saturday, September 6. Highest. $o 24 90 42 125 00 3 4 9 9 20 40 120 00 2% m 7% Lowest. $ o 21 90 41 125 00 3 3 18V 72 40 119 00 *A 8* 7% Week Ending Saturday, September 13. Lowest Highest. ■0 V M ■q <J « $ 22 $ 21 90 42 41 125 00 120 00 3 2% 4 m n »k &u 20 19 16 15 78 75 100 cl/ 372 §§ 20 19 %\ *K 5 50 $ *9LA 90 AolA 125 00 3 3 II 39 118 00 8^ 6 Week Ending Saturday September 20. Highest f 24 90 41 125 00 3 5 85. Lowest. % 22% 8% 40 120 00 m I 23 90 40^ 125 00 3 4 21} 39 119 00 &l4 Week Ending Thursday, September 25. Highest. I Mi $ 90 Wffl 125 00 3 5 21 40H Z20 00 2% m 7 Lowest. $ 22 90 41 125 00 3 4 m 8% 40 n8 00 2% 8K &A 20 17 79 1 00 sX VA. 5 50 3 00 18X isk 74 5 1%X 'A 19'A 16 78 90 5lA 17 3'A 4 45 80 18 H'A 74 414 15 2 50 3 00 2 50 19^ 16 76 90 5lA 19 3 4 40 70 '8M 15 73 4% 2'A 2 40 17 76 I 00 5| 20>2 3 5 50 3 00 rt'A 15 73 4% i8# 2 70 I9K -.6 74 87 5^ 20 3 4 40 18K 14 70 4K 19 2K 2 40 17 74 1 00 6k 20}? 0/4 5 50 3 00 18K 15 70 6 191/ 354 2 50 i6j| 74 87 n 20 3k 4 40 70 i8}f 70 4% 19 I CALCUTTA ORE SACKS 40 in. Hessians, Fire-Bricks, Fire-Clay, Galvanized Sheet Iron. SOLE AGENTS FOR THE DISTRICT FOR THE CELEB-RATED "Valvoline" Cylinder and Machine Oils, ^^S^£!£fc,ti,,g Steel Rails a Specialty. C. F. JACKSON & CO., Ld., SHIPPING AND COMMISSION AGENTS. WHARF—Heatley Ave., Vancouver. 151 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. FOR SALE. A Four-Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer, 645, VICTORIA, B. C. Kodaks, Photographic Supplies FINISHING FOR AMATEURS. C. H. Smith & Co., *s f%!ToR,a.b.c. The Mining Manual for 1902. Published May 12th, 1902. By WALTER R. Skinner. Sixteenth Year of Publication. (Established In 1887.) A record of Information concerning MINING COMPANIES (Gold, Diamond. Silver, Copper, Tin, Iron, and other Mines, Collieries, Land and Exploration Concerns, &c.) Followed by lists of MINING COMPANY DIRECTORS AND SECRETARIES and concluding with a DICTIONA.RY OF MINING TERMS. .Over 1700 Pages. THE MINING MANUAL FOR 1902. Over 1700 pages. In demy 8vo, cloth. Price 21 s., post free. London: WALTER R. SKINNER, 11-12, Clements Lane, Lombard St., E. C. JEFFREY. ELEVATING MACHINERY FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, POWER PLANTS. Designed for Handling Material of all kinds. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. THE JEFFREY MFG.CO. Columbus,0. P. 0. Box 453. Telephone 895 A. R. BARROW, a.m.i.c.e. Mine Surveyor Mine Surveys instituted and plans brought up to date at regular intervals. Steam Engines and Air Compressors Indicated and valves Set. PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR. 4 View Street, Victoria, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. II K: CITY OF VICTORIA. The Metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in winter. Flowers the year round. SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and Lodging Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre erf the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining propertfies on Vancouver Islan'd. Three smelters in course of erection witMn a radius of 100 miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre of iron and ether manufactures—some of national reputation. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRIT-TAIIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman. Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Room 20 Bank of British North America MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities New_ Mining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical and Metal, lurgical Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list of gradu ates and their occupations, address F. W. McNair, President, Houghton, Mich VANCOUVER B.C. FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in the best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., SLOC&N, B. C Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. Dredgers J*^^ ,__J Ci7P.S. nufacture DreW G 0 x v* — „ sta„terd m wlPart8«*lo6a*. 0«.c ADD BESS LET LOBHITI * CO, Ltd. RENFREW, SCttTUgD- Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. ANCHOR WIRE! FENCE t= ii 1 % Patented 7 Sept., 1894-No. 46991 IS Strongest, Cheapest, BEST IN THE MARK To be had only from THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C. The Robertson^Godson <2o'y. Ltd. Vancouver, B. Q. Wholesale Jobbers of SHEET METALS, Galvanized, Plat and Oorrigated Iron, Canada Plates, Tin and Tern Plates, Etc. IRON PIPE one-eighth inch to eight inch, Valves, Fittings and Brass Goods ; Estimates furnished for Cast-iron Water Pipes and Water Works Supplies. PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES—A complete stock on hand; we are headquarters for British Columbia BOILED AND RAW LINSEED OIL. WHITE LEAD—Robertson's Chemically Pure is Standard for Canada. We are manufacturers of and carry in stock White Lead, Lead Pipe, Brass Goods, Shot, Marble for Plumbers' use, Lacquer for Canners WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. THE ROBERTSON-GODSON CO., Ltd, 32 Hasting St., Vancouver. CV W. CHARLESON ST©eK RMD INVEST T BROKER, N0TARY PDBLie F©R BRITISH ©©LUMBIR. Vancouver, B. ©. P. ©, BOX 187. § § 1 i Tel. 140 and 743. - - - - Mining and Industrial Stocks bought and sold for Cash or on Margin on all Exchanges, Mines and Prospects Bought and Sold. Estates managed; Investments made; First-class Mortgage Securities on improved city property netting 5 per cent, to 6 per cent always on hand. A Private Banking Business Transacted. Notes Discounted. Advances Made. FIRE, LIFf, ACCIDENT AND MARINE INSURANCE. Jp@T" References—Any Bank in Vancouver, also Dun's & Bradstreets Agencies. DAVIS & SON (Derby) Limited, England HIGHEST GRADE AND MOST IMPROVED Surveying, Mining and Engineering Instruments SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED COMBINED TRANSIT AND LEVELS-Dust and Rain Proof, for Railroad, Bridge, City, Land and General Engineering Work. MOUNTAIN TRANSIT, extensively used in the roughest mining regions. SAFETY LAMPS °f ail kinds, Lamp parts and Supplies. Anemometers. Drawing Instruments. Stock at Montreal. Send for Catalogue and Prices. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: FRANCIS T. PEACOCK, Canada Life Bldg., MONTREAL m THE MINING RECORD AI IIS (liAIMFRS ((K THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO.^^^S^^^H|^^&5^^^^^^plRON;vW.ORI^SICKp»N M FG. CO. Milwaukee,Wis. Chic:'ago/fgH§If ^^icago.ffisi; Scrnnton.Pa. BUILDERS OF Copper Converting Machinery We make a specialty of Copper Converting Machinery and are prepared to furnish: Copper Converters Bisbee Type Parrot Type Stalmann Type Hydraulic Machinery Accumulator System Pressure Tank System Hydraulic Transfer Cars Hydraulic Mold Carriages Refining Machinery Blowing Engines ^ Boiler Plants, Etc., Etc. Some of our recent orders : Calumet & Arizona Mining Co. Moctezuma Copper Co. Arizona Copper Co. Granby Cons. Min. & Smelt. Co. Northwestern Smelt. & Ref. Co. Geo. Westinghouse Copperfield Mines Bingham Cons. Min. & Sm. Co. The illustration shows our Standard "Trough" or Bisbee Converter. The shell, neads and nose are made of heavy steel plate; the riding-ring of cast steel; the gear wheel is a full circle faced and bolted to a faced circular casting riveted to the head. The rack is hinged at the bottom and held in place by a cam. The wind-box is furnished with Dyblie valves. i BRANCH OFFICES; NEW WRiy Broad ExdiangeBldg. P1TT5BIR(J7I2I2 Frick ;bBS MINNEAPOLIS. 416 (brnExchanjeBldj. DENVER, i649TromonlS». GENERAL OFFICE : BRANCH OFFICES-* SALT LAKE CITY, Dooly Block. SPOKaII, .512 firs! Ave. !$AN FRANCISCO, 623Haywmlt% LONDON. ENG. leODoslmoodlfouse THE MINING RECORD THE EDWA^^^^^^^^^^BASE^^^^^f^^^^f^^^P^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^j >i FG. CO. WE ARE EXTENSIVE BUILDERS OF SMELTING MACHINERY w W This illustration shows one of four 44 in. x 160 in. Steel Water-Jacketed Copper Furnaces built by us for the Granby Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., of British Columbia. This furnace, which embodies all the latest improvements in copper smelting, has an extraordinarily large capacity and is giving most excellent satisfaction. For the past thirty years we have made the manufacture of Copper and Lead Smelting Plants a specialty. We have the largest shops in the world devoted to this class of work, equipped with the most improved machinery. WE BUILD Copper and Lead Furnaces Copper and Lead Smelting Plants Copper Converting Plants Copper Converters SOLE BUILDERS OF Reynolds Blowing Engines BRANCH OFFICFJI^ NEW YORK. Bro^Ex(liaii(|eft PITTSBlRGJjt)2 frick Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 (ornExdiangeBldg. DENVER. l649TromonlSl.' ijBmH^mmm s€|FjKM^Eli HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. ilBKANCH; OFFICES: %SlE^^pri|'Doo|y Block. ^^^^fe?l2 Firs! Avft SAN FRANCISCO, 623llaywinl!% LONDON. ENG. lOODaslmoodDouse THE MINING RECORD. SH e©LUMBJ?\ THE MINERAL PROYINSE OF eHNftDH. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Cool, Coke, Oil Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines of British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000. Amount and Vai,ue of Minerai, Products for 1899, 1900 and 190r. Customary Measure Gold, placer Ounces Gold, lode.. Silver Copper |Pounds Lead Coal Coke Other materials 1899. 1900. Quantity. Value. Tons, 2,240 lbs. 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7.722.591 21,862,436; 1,306,32/1 34,251 $1,344,900 2,857,573 r,663,708! i,35i, 453 878,870 3,918,962 i7i,255j 206,400 Quantity. 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 53,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 5r2,393,i2i| Value. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value. $1,278,724 3,453>38ij 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,661,887 4.318,785 425,745 251,740 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 30,736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 i34,76o $16,344 751I 892,500 2,704,2^x3 2,614,002 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587,63-' 673,800 309,030 $ 20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608 ; for 1899, $12,393,131; for 1900 $16,344,751; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days .formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved lliethods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have renlered the working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of " poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassaar district, and the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not'yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts oi money are being installed in Atllin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1900. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prospected in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful. notably at Ymir, Cariboo-McKinney and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORES are being extensively worked at Rossland by tbe Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mlines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone in 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there wil! be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the prov'nee in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent, while the lead production increased 206 per cent., largely derived from properties in East Kootenay, rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ort-s in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost un- mited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texad.i Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on the Coast, in the^ Simiilkameen valley, etc., give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of an iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific Coast in the near future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. COAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19,234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1.500 to 2,000 tons of coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal and 51 757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters dn active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda • while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kotenay and two others on the coast. Refineries are yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable hasEs. If proper business care is used, and the experienoe of competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LANDS.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information, reports, bulletins, etc., address The Hon. the Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C. W. F Robertson, Prov ncial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. HOLMAN BROS. CAM BORNE, OORNWALL Manufacturers of Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery The Holman Patent Roek Drill Specially Adapted to B. C: Mining. Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition C-VAWAR Drills and Duplicate Parts, Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc. DRlLLt IN STOCK AT -r °>« / * 'iZfii I Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. London, 1899 Paris, 1900 Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C BENNETT'S CROWN : BRAND THE KING OF FUSES The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal, and the World over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C. GWILLIM, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), sixyears' experience in B. C. mining districts. 1 BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code—Bedford-McNeil. P.O. Box 43. JOHN REDMAN, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. j.m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. McGregor & co., MININGand CIVIL ENGINEERS ol /■*.,--. AM D r* and LAND SURVEYORS. OLUOMINj O . V^ . Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development Work. W. A, BAUER, D.I..S., P L.S. 611 Hastings St., Vancouver. A. S. ASHCROFT, DX.S., P,L,S. Greenwood, B.C. BAUER & ASHCROFT, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyors. Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. VANCOUVER AND CAMBORNE. J h^ Y5VIIR DISTRICT nizeednMr^ordingSe best mining investments to be found-in B.C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters.. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments. Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. THE STUART ROBERTSON CO., Ltd., Successors to A. W. MORE & CO. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's, Moreing- & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. 23 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM. B. Sc. (McGill). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence i Inst, of Mech. Eng. of England. Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Vancouver, B.C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. ). R. GIFFORD, Consulting Mining Engineer, M.C., MX Late Manager The Hall Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd., Nelson, B. C. Room 20, Flood Building. San Francisco, Cal. J. McLELLAN, I Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C. H. COLLINSON, Late vlnAndasmelter. Provincial Licensed Assayer. Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, Etc. THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Langley Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Next to Law Courts John Hunner. HUNNER & HARRIS, John Karris. MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS. Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We'have for sale AI properties for capitalists or small investors in B C or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts we know what we are talking about. Let us know your requirements. American and English references Codes, " Bedford McNeill," " Cloughs." Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis. Prompt attention to samples bv mail or express. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M,E. and C.E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, Manager Con. Cariboo Hyd Mining Co., Ltd. Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28 years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, 'Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, office: jkfcgjg^ Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M.M., M.N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F. G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON. YUKON, CANADA. •Cable Adcress: " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. Gore. J. H. McGregor. Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. E. JACOBS, Accountant, Auditor, Etc. GREENWOOD, B. C. ~ Books of Account Opened, Balanced or Audited. Accounts Kept Regularly. Examined Periodically. Assigned Estates Wound Up. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. M.I. M. M.,M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell=Johnston Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. RELIABLE ASSAYS Gold $ .50 Gold and Silver $ .75 Lead 50 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO., 1725 Arapahoe St., DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, KAMLOOPS, B.C. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made on Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. E. M. SANDILANDS Notary Public, Mines, Stocks & Insurance Representing—Liverpool, London and Globe of London, Phcenix Insurance of London, Employee's Liability of London, Confederation Life Association. Slocan Mines. Crown Grants Obtained. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address: " Silverlands." SANDON, B. C. Richard H. Parkinson Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer, FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member oi the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1890. MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS, Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wfl. M. BREWER, HININQ ENGINEER, MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECfl. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. Molsons Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B.C. TEL. 846. P. O, BOX 43 T. J. SM MINING BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. Sc. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C - Assay Charges—Gold, $1; Silver, $1; Copper, $2 ; Lead, f 1 ; Gold and Sil ver, $1.50 ; Gold and Copper, $2.50 ; Gold, Silver and Copper, $3 ; Gold, Silver. Copper and Lead, $3 50 ; Complete analysis of any ore, $10. IP^-SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL-^a Assay Office and Chemical Laboratory, 28 BROAD ST., VICTORIA, B. C. (Opp. Driard Hotel.) WILLIAM F. BEST, F.C.S. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST AND ASSAYER (Heidelberg and Leipzig.) Personal attention given to all assaying and Chemical Analysis, Expert evidence before the Courts. • THE MTNING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS NO GOOD- Unless you understand how to approach the British Public. The best way to do this is to EMPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at- Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S BRITISH AND CANADIAN PRESS BUREAU." 24 Coleman St., London, E. C R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos.etc, Imperial, Cramer and Hammer 41 PANDORA St. Plates, Aristo-Platino,Solio, Klo- Victoria B. C. ro, Velox and Dekho Papers THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Is recognized as the leading financial journal ofthe United States. Ih addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries ofthe country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than any publication in the U.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the" fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the moneye d class ofthe country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterprisee can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal in the United States. Subscripiion price $1.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communication^ to The National Banker, 84 & 86 La Salle St., Chicago,111. THE MINING JOURNAL Railway and Commercial Gazette Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers, and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, E. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. , The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: 12 months. 6 months. 3 months. Canada 28s. 14s. 7s. Payable in Advance. NOW READY. TheMINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end of 1900. Edited by Richard P. Rothwell and Joseph Struthers. Volume IX.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price ?5.00, post paid. This notable work incorporates the usual statistics of mining stock prices in 1900 in all the important markets, dividends paid and assessments levied by mining companies, together with a complete and faithful summary of the mineral statistics of the entire world. Among the valuable teennical monographs embodied in the present volume are trie following: Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1900. by J. B. C. Kershaw; Production of Bromine in Michigan, by A. C. Lane; Calcium Carbide and Acetylene, by L K. Bohm; Clay and its manufacture into brl k and tile, by H. Ries; Manufacture of water gas, with special reference to Kuropean conditions, by George Lunge; Utilization of Blast-Furnace Gases for the direct production of motive poWer, by G. Lunge; Progreas in the Metallurgy of Copper in 1900 (review); Progress in the electrolytic refining of argentiferous copper, by T. Ulke; Notes on the leaching of copper sulphide ores, by S. R. Adcock; Elimination of impurities from copper mattes, by E. Keller; Raritan Copper Works general description of operating plant, by L. Addicks; Manufacture of blue vi.iroi from argentiferous copper, by J. G Clemmer; Recent progress in the Henderson process of extracting copper from pvri tes cinders, by J ,G. Clemmer Flourspar mines of Western Kentucky and Southern Illinois, by W.E. Burk; Diamoudiferous deposiis in the United States, by W. H. Hobbs; Progress in the cvanide process in 1900, by L. Janin, jr.: Present development of the barrel chlorina-iou process by J. E. Rothwell; Progress in gold milling in 1900, by R.H. Richards; Filter-press treatment of slime in Western Australia, by J. K. Wilson; Assa^ of graphite by blast and by fusion, by F. S. Hyde; Report on iron and steel metallurgy a'the Paris exposition, 1900, by H. M. Howe; Alloys of iron, by H. Souther; Recent improvements in lead smelting, by H. O. Hoffman: Production of Manganese ores in foreign countries, by F. Drake; Electrolyzing nickel-cooper matte, by T. Ulke; World's production of petroleum, by Dvorkovitz; Origin and occurrence of petroleum, in California, by A. S. Cooper; Statistics of the potassium salts industry in Germany, by C. Hornung and E. C. Mackey-Heriot; Geology and Technology of the potassium salts indnstry in Germany, by F. Klockman; Manufacture of - potassium chlorate by the Liebeg process, by J. B. C. Kershaw; Potassium and sodium chlorates and hypochlorites in 1900, by J.BC,Kershaw; Progress in the sulphuric acid indu^ry in 1900, by F.J. Falding; Fibrous talc industry of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., by C. H. Smyth, jr.: Review of the tin industry.of the Malay peninsula to the end of 1898, by F. Owen; Review of the progress in the metallurgy of zinc in 1900, by W. R. Ingalls; Pyritic smelting, by F. R. Carpenter; Progress of metallography in 1900, by A. Sauveur; Manufacture of titanium and its alloys, by A. J. Rossi; Progress in ore dressing in 1900, by R. H. Richards; Concentration of the Brokeu Hill (N.S.W.)sulphide ores, by T. J. Green way; Recent contributions to the science of ore deposits, by R.W. Raymond; Notes on electro-chemistry, by C. F. Chandler. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. Dominion Motel VICTORIA, B. ©. Telephones connecting rooms with office, Private Baths, Electric Lighted, Return Call Bells, and First-Class service. European Plan, 50c, to $1,50 a Day NEW AND MODERN. American Plan, $1.25 Up a Day, LIMITED. Established I85S. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits M Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Roval Agricultural Exhibition *95> '9&> '97 > '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions, Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. branch- VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTOENGRAVING COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of^Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. L.EGG, SEND FOR SAMPLES. MANAGER. THE MINING RECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New omer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— WHY ? We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for illustrated catalogue, free. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. ESTABLISHED 1862. Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd PASSENGER TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT. Vancouver, B. C, August 21st, 1902. Circular No. 38—Cancelling Circular No. 35, July 8th, 1902. The following sailings are announced for this Company's steamers to and from Skagway direct. .Steamer. Leave Victoria. Princess May August 25th, 1 a.m... Amur " 29th, 11 p.m. Princess May September 4th, 1 a.m. Amur Princess May Amur Princess May Amur 8th. 11 p.m.. 14th, 1 a.m.. 18th, 11 p.m. 24th, 1 a.m.. 28th, 11 p.m. Leave Vancouver. Leave Skagway. August 25th, 11 p.m August 29th, 6 p.m. 30th 11 p.m September 3rd, 6 p.m. September 4th, 11 p!m " 8th, 6 p.m. 9th, 11 p.m " 13th. 6 p.m. 14th, 11 p.m " 18th, 6 p.m. 19th, 11 p.m "• • 23rd, 6 p.m. 24th, 11 p.m " 28th, 6 p.m. " 29th, 11 p.m October 3rd, 6 p.m. , Note.—Passengers from Victoria for S. S. Princess May take Steamer Charmer, leaving Victoria I a.m., transferring to Princess May at Vancouver. . Note.—In the event ofthe S.S. Amur not returning on the down trip in time to go through to Victoria, she will be turned back from Vancouver and passengers for this steamer will then take Steamer Charmer leaving Victoria 1 a.m., transferring to Steamer Amur at Vancouver. E. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent. TURr * Y Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Finsbury Circus, London, England. Ma"SS:sE°f,, Eto. Wholesale Merchants. HlMH Goods indented from all parts ofthe world. Telegraphic Addresses : ' 'TURNER," Victoria; 1 BEETON," London; " TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson R. F>. RITHET & OO. Wholesale Merchants, Shipping & Insurance Agents. Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Columbia Flouring Mill ; agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing Company, Cheminus, V.I.; Pacific Coast Steamship Co., San Francisco. WHARF STREET, VIOTORIA, B. O. i BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. BTABusHEDwr. BANK OF MONTREAL. INCORPORATED BY AC OF PARLIAMENT. HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80 Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lor<3 Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. .Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald; ft. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Boss, Esq.; B. G. Beid, Esq. E. S. CLOUSTON' General Manager I F, W- TAYLOR Assistant Inspecto A. MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches JAMES AIRD Secretar; *- S- CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns ( Montreai-H. V. MEREDITH Manage BRANCHES IN CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abehurch Lane, E.C. Alexander Lang, Manager. IntheUnitfd States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderich, Guelph. Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ot>awa, Perth Pe'erboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto, Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province op Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. John N.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Province op Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland-St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain-London—The Bank of England, the Unioi Bank of London, the London & Westminster-Bank the National Prov. Banl of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—Tha Britisl Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J JL Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—Th< First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-CalifornfjS Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce With Which is Amalgamated The Bank of British. Columbia. HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO. Paid Up Capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,000,000 Aggregate Resources Over 70,000,000 HON. GEO. A. 002C, President. B. Ill WALKER, General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Cranbrook, Dawson, Fernie, Greenwood, Kamloops, • Nanaimo, Nelson, New Westminster, Bossland, Sandon, Vancouver, Victoria, White Horse. New York, BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood, Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. W. T. OLIVER., Mgr., Victoria, B. C. SEATTLE Smelting & Refining Co. WORKS AT SEATTLE. Refiners of gold and silver; Electrolytic Copper Slimes, Cyanide Product Retort Bullion, Gold Dust and Rich Concentrator. Address all communications to ROBT. L. WHITEHEAD, Mgr. Box 700. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON, B. C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT Purchases CORRER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRY ORE. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in B. O. Apply "A" Box 246 Victoria, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. VANCOUVi R ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Co* (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY. Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Nanaimo Coal. Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. Southfield Coal Steam Fuel. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal. (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THE NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favorite (fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market. THE PROTECTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Protection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo, Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Specia despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAflUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—$1.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PACIFIO LINE. THROUGH TRAINS tlantic to Pacific Without Change j LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITEP STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to H. H, ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Esquimau and TIME THBLE NO. 44. Southbound. Northbound. Daily. Arrive. Leave. a.m. p.m. Victoria 9 :oo 12 :o6 Shawnigan Lake 10:20 10146 Duncans 11 :co 10 :o2 P.M. Nanaimo 12145 S115 Ar. Wellington 1:00 Lv. 8 :oo Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. o Railway. Sat., Sun. and Wed. Southbound. Arrive. Northbound. Leave. a.m. Victoria 4125 Shawnigan Lake 5 '.42 Duncans 6:20 Nanaimo 8:02 p.m. 8:10 7:01 6:05 4:25- Ar. Wellington 8117 | Lv. 4 :io "Through Tickets to ©rofton via Westholme, Stage leaves Daily, connecting with North and Sonth bound trains, Double stage service Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays, connecting with morning and afternoon trains. Fare from Victoria, Single $2, Return $3. Through Tickets Victoria to alberni—Stage leaves Wellington Tuesdays and Fridays on arrival of train from Victoria. Returning from Alberni Mondays and Thursdays. Fare from Victoria, single, $5.20, return $8.65 Through Tickets Victoria to Cowichan Lake via Duncans—Stage leaves Duncans Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Fare from Victoria $5.00 return. Excursion rates in effect to all points good Saturday and Snnday. GE©. L. COURTNEY, Traffic Manager. THE HUDSON'S BAY -HAVE GENERAL STORES -AT Bale de Peres Battleford Calgary -*rfi?f Chapleau Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton Fort William Kamloops Langley Lethbridge Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury ! Touchwood Hills • Vancouver Victoria Vernon White wood Winnipeg And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find a these stores the best goods at moderate priees, imported direct from all the principal markets ofthe world. Lowefrort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson , '< .■' Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle EVERYi^ELT ^'..AuARANTEED <fc GENUINE OaItANNED IlItIer BELTING For Exposed Situations Use 1 Lancashire # Hair Editing. CATALOGUES AND DISCOUNTS ON APPLICATION. D. & McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. R A R D ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoitllhg flre damp explosions in case of the cable breakjn|p'£', WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Rouii<J and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called " Lang's " Lay Ropes, Patent Looked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand Wire Ropes. IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superior qualities. SOLeTASSENTS FOR fcAJTADA : WATSON, JACK & CO. STRAIGHT LfNE, DUPLEX SIMPLE or COMPOUND. AIR COMPRESSORS ROCK DRILLS.-sTEAM.fA1R ||he canad|n rand drill company YHTOOCVER, B. e|>4 ROSSLRND, B. 0. GREENW00D, B. 6. "■ea"™,!all I' H 'III llll I— 10,000 PELTON fWHEELS NOW runniih|^ Electric Transmission and Mining Plant^..-'^/;^; The PIlton WATik-WHEEtjD(|l Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 121-129 Main Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. TYEE COPPER IO, SMELTING W©RKS -ht- LADYSMITH. f&%3£$j-:i Prepared to PurcMse Ores as f|rc>mfAugu||1st* Conven|||j to E* & NBm SeM Vermont livipIsston, Managlj NGRTHVESTE SMELTING AND REFiilte C| P Buyers of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, Mattes, Bullion, Furnace and Cyanide product!, fl LOCATION OF WORKS Crofton, :fVancouve|| IslaidS 7MlJ. Published by the B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by T. R. Cusack, Victoria, Canada. 'm*m Thl'S MOllth "THE GRANBY MINES AT PHOENIX, B. C," (lllu strated). VOL. DC. NOVEMBER, J902. No.I& The§inton Electric Compai§ LIMITED. Electric Motors. Blowe(^f^ Motors. Fans. Dynamos. ElectFpl Mining Apparatus. victor 1 a|bM • • Etjctrical Construction K 7ffand |?upplies.|||p'■■■ iANCouvlRlelc. 115 Jaciq&n St., SEATTLE. 1746-1748||$||fic Ave./YTACOMA. Tjhe |CALD|f E§j| BR<§S§fc|p Mining, Canning, Sawmill and Hydraulic S' ■ ^ '■ twiAOHIl|rEK^ 4E|IHANTJt :§;#: Agenif|for Rand Drill Co.; Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfgw^?&'Astoriij|i'ron Works, BeLoach Mflf^Mfg. Co., A. S. Cameron Steam Pump Woilps; ^^^^^^^j^^W^m^^^^^^Wm^^^^m^ Compressors, Drifts, Hoists, Pumpis^vPortable Mills and Canning Machinery. ; ||acific|toast Sr^ting:|an|H(?ef»ning • Wor^^S ^iel^^^^AMPiEis aSd smeltef^^IIolI1 SILVER a^co||l| ORES AND FURNACE PRODUCTS. ADDRESS: OFFICESr^Cirocker Building, Saij^Francisco, California; Basildon House, 7 to II Moorgate SJrf|L London, eM ■WW $$? if you Ire HmHhHBH We Carry in Stock the Largest Assortment in Canada of IUIANTI jpt^ '" c^^^lI cherrV> Birch, White and I LING F0R FL00RS> *?I£RTHS' BATHROOMS, &c. Brass Fenderlf|Fire Sets^Fire Dogs, Brass Coa^'Scut^fS, &-9Jt|ij lOll PARQUETT&FLOORING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. §j§|ei.nan, McFefly & Cfl Limited Wi^LEp^E HARDWARE •VANc6S™feS^P< DAWSON, Y. T. With our Improved Governor and Safety Device, new patent gab rod and hook, and othet^speciaL features of our design of iflttgf^pe of engine, will commend themselveSJMjH those requiring Durability, Econ||fj§bt El|y Hailing Wy, In this principal item of a-st.eam-power plant. Complete Stearn>|sower Plants Designed, builtMra installed for operation. Our figures are at £©uj service, and we think you will find them reasonably. Send for catalogues of anything in the Mining Machinery line. ~-i§|$|| on reque§|/yv Ipe Jencke^ l\^phine ;^m ' ','':^^^ERBROOKE, Qlll^^H Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. FRI|) KRUPP! GRUSONWERKi (Madgeburg-Buckau Germany.) ORE CRUSHING: Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet crushing—more than 1,800 at work. Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel- AMALGAMATIO$|| Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rio's Gold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c Separation and Concentration-Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT j (a). JHl'pr treating by the Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amaigamati^&'ti^ ^;|^Myeatratip|ii^y (b) For Dry Testing by j$|t%ills, Dust Extractiaa|nd Leaching. COAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at tlie Works. AGENTS Foi CANADA—Jas, W. Pyke & Co, 35 St, Francois Xavier eet, Montreal For the UNITED STATES—Thos. P-rosser' &,Son, .1,5 Gold Street, New York |j§| For MEXICO—Pablo Bergner, Apartado 549, Mexico | For flyjJTH AFRICA—United Engineering Company, Ltd,, Pi 0, Box^'S^^|hannesburg, S. A. R THE MINING RECORD. I. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS. C. H. PTNCKARD, President. B. Ii. EYRE, Vice-President. J. M. GRAHAM, Secretary and Manager. VULCAN IRON WORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Kope SyBtem.) BJtjss^Saa SAW-MILL MACHINERY. MINING AND MILLING MACHINERY. Vulcan Ropeways and Tramways. Office, 505 Mission St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL Link-Belt ELEVATORS AND CONVEYORS For Handling Ores, Matte, Slae, Crashed Stone, Gravel, Cement, Sand, Water, Etc. PICKLING TABLES, SHAKING AND REVOLVING SCREENS, COAL WASHING MACHINERY, SHAFTING, ROPE SHEAVES, PULLEYS, CLUTCHES, GEARING, Etc. Send for Catalogue. "Link-Belt" Coal and Coke Breaker Link-Belt" Box Water Elevator. Capacity 300 to 10,000 gallons per minute LINK BELT MACHINERY CO., CHICAGO, U.S.A., Engineers, Founders, Machinists. IMPORTANT TO G0LD MINERS And Manufacturers of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES For saving GSold in Quartz, Placer and Beach Mining. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. OOTX(\n\3 Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. 26 Medals awarded. Old Mining Plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought vWtWjyVY? Qr (jgia separated. 36 years in business here. Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to contract in weight of Silver and Copper. Send for Circular. DENNISTON'S SHN FRANCISCO PLATING WORKS E. G. OENNIST0IS!, Proprietor. Telephone Main 5931 743 Mission St., San Francisco, Gal. II. THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Brunton's Patent Pocket Transit For Surface or Underground Surveys. This is the most accurate, compact and reliable Pocket Instrument made for pre- liminary surveys of every description. The case is of aluminum, 2^f in. by 2% in., by I in.: weight eight ounces. There are nearly 1,000 ofthe Pocket Transits in use by prominent mining en-; gineers, mine managers, civil engineers and geologists in all parts of the world. WM. AINSWORTH A SONS, DENVER, COLO., U. S. A. SOLE MANUFACTURERS, (Cut about half size). Write for Catalogue.B-4 for full description. For sale by B. C. ASSAY & CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO., Vancouver, B. §§ W. F. TEETZEL& CO., Nelson, B. C • CM FASSETT Spokane, Wash.; JOHN TAYLOR & CO., San Francisco, Calif.; F. W. BRAUN & CO., Los Angeles', Calif. The B. C. Assay and Chemical Supply Co., Limited. Direct Importers of Assayers' and Mill Supplies Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver Sol e agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces, Burners, etc.; W. Ainsworth & Soni,' Fine Balances Write for our prices ADDRESS 733 Pender St., Vancouver, 8.6. "One 12 in. x 30 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same. One Boiler Feed Pump, 1^ z 3f x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Fairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C. ining and Surveying Instruments Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best "Workmanship. Send for List P. & R. WHITSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. A* Van Der Naillens' School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blowpipe Assay, $10; Full Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1S64. Open all year SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall, SAN FRANCISCO. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY, I742 to 1746 CHAMPA ST., DENVER, COLORADO PLATINUM REFINERS New York Office: 121 LIBERTY STREET WE are always in the Market for CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. BAKER & CO. NEWARK, N. J. —«■»; THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS. ETC. |P E5TABJL15ED 1857 § A-LESCHEN 5 50N^^£E CO. . * 920-922 n. first st., sr^tmmmp WIRE ROPE OF EVERY il 1! . description for mines, AERIAL WIRE ROPE TBIMMIyB QUARRIES, ELEVATORS, 51NGLE AND DOUBi ETC. SYSTEMS AMD TWO HJCf m PPii^^^P^W^^»^P Are manufactured in great variety FOR MINING PURPOSES. Operated by Steam, Air, Electric or Water Power. Vertical Sinking Pumps, Bucket or Double Plunger Pattern. Deep Mine Station. Pumps. MAKE KNOWN YOUR. WANTS TO THE SEND F"OR CATALOGUE GEO. E. DOW PUMPING ENGINE CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL The SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS tor Every Possible Duty Victor Turbine Water Wheels. Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address THE STILLWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., 293 Lehman St., DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A «<eaess^i8»jtt.iisssw*s«W'"'1;*<iA-;ss IV. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. The Bleichert Wire ROpe Tramway More Bleichert Tramways in use than all others. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Co., TRENTON, N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist-Conveyors, Surface and Underground ' Haulage, Etc. Illustrated Book Upon application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt & Co., 17 Burling Silp. Chicago Office—11 14 Monadnock Building. Canton Steel Works The only plant in the United States devoted exclusively to the manufacture of steel for Mining and Railroad construction. Canton Brands are Hammered, not Rolled, and sold under GUARANTEE. Miners Will find the Steel List published by eHNTCN STEEL e©% DENVER, e©L©., contains much information which will prove of interest. Mailed upon application. McLennan, McFeely & ©o., Agents for . YHN60UYER, B. e. The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc-, by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE' PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic, SAVES WEAR on^WIRE ROPE andCABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. FERGUSSON & CROFTS, Agents, 603 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 46-48 Fremont St. San Francisco, Cal Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. ominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. The MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES, LANG'S | PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. PEANCHEs:-Hallfax,N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland, B. C. nm THE MINING RECORD. V. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. We Design and Manufacture Complete Equipments for The Humphrey Mill, Creede,. Colorado. STAMP MILLS Concentrating Cyanide and Chlorination Plants and Sampling Works. Also have on hand all kinds of MILL SPECIALTIES. Bartlett, Cammett, Wilfley and Card Tables. Complete Specifications and designs furnished for the Most Modern Mills ofthe Day The*Hendrie & Bolthoff Manfg and Supply Co. DENVER, COLO., m U. S. A. -— VI. THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC. CALCUTTA ORE SACKS 40 in. Hessians, Fire-Bricks, Fire-Clay, Galvanized Sheet Iron. SOLE AGENTS FOR THE DISTRICT FOR THE CELEBRATED I Valvoline" Cylinder and Machine Oils, MKKK^Ki Steel Rails a Specialty. C. F. JACKSON WHARF—Heatley Ave., Vancouver. f*l SHIPPING AND ■| COMMISSION AGENTS. 151 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C HA II (Incorporated 1861. Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH OFFICB: VIOTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD GrOOD jl Jiljf! Jri K u BBEK CO. R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose "Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTHING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING 573. 575, 577 & 579 Market St., ^@W^ SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. V 73 & 75 First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ld. ENGINEERS,! •^xsf&rti^nisaB^^^Hi^fa^mAMtmMiiwifiBtm I mill— Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers. Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIMATES FCRMSHEO DPGN HPPLICSTION. Office and Works. Heatley Avenue, ■ VANCOUVER, B.C- THE MINING RECORD.. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. ALL MANUFACTURERS USING ELECTRIC POWER WANT A GOOD MOTOR. D. C. MOTOR Bulletin No. 818 MOTOR Bulletin No. 822 I C. G. E. INDUCTION MOTOR Our Motors Are the Standard of the World. ANADIAl ERAL ELECTRIC LIMITED. Factories: TORONTO, PETERBORO, MONTREAL. District Offices: MONTREAL, HALIFAX, OTTAWA, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, VICTORIA, ROSSLAND. » Head Office, TORONTO, ONT. VIII. THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. MONTREAL, P.Q. INGERSOLL=SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of AU Kinds. Agent for BULLOCK DIAMOND DRILLS. ) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. HltO> Catalogue and Details on Applicatior FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C, Send for Catalogues and Specifications* Cnnliffe & McMillan, Agents at Rossland Vancouver Engineering Works, Vancouver, B. C. The Northey Gas and Gasolene Engine; cheap, safe and handy. Send for booklet. 962 King St. Subway. I The Brackman & Ker Milling Co., Ltd. I VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated X Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with ♦f« the Best Quality of I iff* Grain, Hay or Mill Feed. B.&K.R0LULD OATS. X Victoria. Nelson. ♦:» Vancouver. Rossland. .*. NewWestminster. Strathcona (Registered.) Unequalled In the World.;: I BOYD, BURNS & CO. Plumbing and Engineering Supplies |f and Ship Chandlery. | Iron and Brass Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Injectors, Oil Cups, Lubricators, Asbestos Board, Sectional Covering and Asbestos Cement, Leather, Rubber and Link Belting, Wire and Manilla Rope, Paints and Oils, Chain, Spikes, Loggers' Supplies, Sheet Iron and Other Metals. 5l-55 g|| sg^-jj, || VANCOUVER, B.C. The Mining Record vol. rx. NOVEMBER, J902. No. ii BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD ' Devoted to the /lining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORTinER LAMB, flanaging Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office, Province Building. Vancouver, P. W. Charleson, Hastings St. London Office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C. Denver, Col.: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. Randolph Stuart, Travelling Representative. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year Great Britain and Foreign, one year - Advertising Rates on Application. |2.00 $2.50 Address all communications u> The Managing Editor, B. 0. Record, Ltd., P. O. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C, MINING IN THE BOUNDARY DISTRICT. A SOMEWHAT remarkable circumstance in. connection with the opening up of the Boundary mines, and one which appears to have failed, heretofore, to elicit remark, is that the district has so far escaped the experience common to.most Western mining camps of what is generally understood by a ■"boom." It is true that just before and immediately after the completion of the Columbia & Western railway, there was some considerable speculation in mineral prospects and town property, while also the trade possibilities were much over-estimated, with in some cases, unfortunate results; but such as it was the movement was of briefest duration and even at its height bore no resemblance to a "boom" in the sense in which the term is usually applied. The reason of this probably was that actual operations in the Boundary were commenced at a time when confidence in the mines of the province had been rudely shaken by the many failures in other districts of wild-cat undertakings conceived during the Rossland excitement of 1896-98, while the low-grade character of the ore deposits may also have had some deterrent effect upon capital. But whatever the reason, the fact that the Boundary has not passed through a "boom" period is by no means altogether to be regretted, for it is attributable to this that with very few exceptions mining has been carried on in the district, on the lines of legitimate effort rather than as an excuse for stock market manipulation. It is, meanwhile, impossible to regard the progress that has been made in the short time since this field became productive without satisfaction, or possible to doubt that the district has before it a great and prosperous future. We have already published the favourable conclusions arrived at by Dr. Ledoux, and it is gratifying to know that the opinions of this eminent authority are in the main shared by many other prominent mining engineers and metallurgists. After spending some days at the Knob Hill mine recently, a mining engineer of exceptional professional standing estimated that there were now "in sight" at the property upwards of seventy million tons, which at the present rate of production would require nearly a hundred and forty years to mine, and still more recently the president of one of the largest metal refining concerns in the world, after visiting the district, expressed astonishment at the magnitude of the ore deposits and approval of the skilful manner in which operations are being conducted. Economic handling of the ores has now indeed been reduced to a very fine point, and we believe we are correct in stating that nowhere else in America is copper ore mined and smelted at so low a cost.as in the Boundary. Only three or four years ago Mr. Hedley, of Nelson, was ridiculed in certain quarters for .what was then considered to be his absurdly optimistic ideas concerning the possible costs of smelting in the district; but Mr. Hedley's estimate has since in actual practice been cut in half and the ores are now being reduced to a copper matte of between 40 and 50 per cent, at a cost of considerably under two dollars per ton, and by the quarrying system mining costs are also exceptionally low, the ore being placed on railway trucks at a cost of between 35 and 50 cents per ton. These achievements are both remarkable and gratifying, but it would be imprudent to say that costs have now been reduced to the lowest pos- 360 THE MINING RECORD. I'M sible point. Mine operators in the district have always realized that the establishment here of a profitable industry was entirely dependent on careful and economic management, but during the past few months the absolute necessity of close economy in working has been emphasized by the decline in the price of copper from sixteen to eleven and a-half cents or thereabouts, which represents a difference of nearly two dollars per ton in the value of the Boundary product under that formerly obtaining. In low- grade copper mines such as these, a decline of only one cent in market quotations is a most serious matter, as may be illustrated by the statement that a fall of one cent in copper depreciates the value of a car load of matte three hundred dollars. It is not, therefore, surprising that the Granby Companj*. has not- considered it advisable to declare a dividend this year, but on the other hand it is surprising that these and other mines in the district have managed to continue operations without loss, which we understand is the case, notwithstanding the low price of copper, besides other unfavourable conditions to which a new mining territory must expect to be subjected. From "the statistics recently compiled by Dr. Ledoux in respect to copper consumption and stocks, it is unquestionable that of late influences have been at work other than those affected by the laws of supply and demand to depress the price of copper and there is in consequence every reason to expect a considerable rise in the market in the near future. The Boundary mines have meanwhile creditably passed an exceptionally hard test, and there can no longer be any doubt raised as to the great industrial possibilities of the district. CANADIAN GOLD EXPORTATIONS. EVERY one is aware that the greater part of the gold produced in Canada finds its way into the United States, but probably few know that the Dominion is not only the source from which that country derives most of its foreign gold, but that considerably more than half of it is the product of our mines. The following table prepared by the United States Treasury Department shows the gold imports into the United States for the eight months ending August 31st:— 1901. France $ 204,425 Germany Great Britain. . . . 11,290 Canada 10,181,474 West Indies .... ' 774>243 Mexico 5,007,721 Central America.. 427,069 South America .. 723,322 Australia 3,431,604 Japan 2,659,800 Other countries... 73>46o 1902. Changes. 434.347 I. $ 229,722 15 1. 15 I4-HS 1. 2.855 n.597,252 1. 1,415,778 208,609 D. 565.634 5,9iS-ioi 1. 907,377 495-621 1. 68,552 1.092,972 L. 369,650 D. 3,431,604 7,100 D. 2,652,700 160,200 I. 86,740 Totals.. $23,494,611 $19,925,362 D. $3,569,249 This table is especially interesting in that it signifies something more than that Canada is gaining ground as a gold producing country. Thus, it can hardly be asserted that for this large amount of gold exported into the United States during the first eight months of the year, Canada received an equivalent , in return, which came back to the country either in the shape of cash or credits after the gold had been sold. In the case of lumber, for example, if the trade returns show that a million dollars worth is exported to a country, it may be taken for granted that the exporters receive that price for it, which came back into the country in one form or another. But this is not the case with gold bullion, particularly when it is produced by placer mining. It is probably quite true that for every dollar of gold taken out of placer diggings, reckoning the expenditures of those who do not produce any of the metal as well as those who do, at least a dollar is spent in winning it, and probably in many cases more than that sum, but this is not the point now under consideration, which is that a very large proportion of Canadian gold imported by the United States, the bulk of it coming from the Yukon, is sent out of the country by the American miners, who produce it, or in other words the profits of our mining in that part of the Dominion go largely into the pockets of foreigners. It would be useless to attempt to follow the intricacies of business and trace an ounce of gold from the time it is taken out of the ground until it reaches the United States mint; but every year the amount of "gold dust" taken to the mint or the assay offices by the miners themselves is decreasing, and the proportion handled by the large mercantile companies and the banks is increasing. But this does not alter the real facts of the case in any degree. In the majority of cases the miner prefers to carry in his pocket a draft, so as to be free from the trouble and risk of carrying the gold, but it does not follow that because a Canadian bank ships a quantity of gold to the United States, it gets back cash or available credit in return. Probably in the majority of cases these shipments have been drawn against by the owners of the gold, who are now, as they were in the days when every man carried his own "poke," chiefly citizens of the United States. There is consequently no means of ascertaining what Canada receives from the United States inxexchange for the large amount of 'gold sent into that country every year. To ascertain this it would be necessary to discover what it costs to produce the gold, and how much of the cost of production found its way into the pockets of Canadian farmers, traders, or manufacturers. The remainder would represent the profit, ssa BS THE MINING RECORD. 361 and of this the proportion which would be found to come to Canada Would be relatively trifling. If every, thing used in producing the gold were Canadian, and the gold itself remained in Canada, the advantage to the country would be far greater than it is at present, when it is known that, as far as the Yukon is concerned, a considerable portion of the supplies comes from the United States, a large proportion of the transportation is undertaken by the United States vessels and railways, a large portion of the middlemen's profits goes into the pockets of United States trading companies and the very large proportion of the gold itself is produced by American miners. As has been already pointed out in the Mining Record, there is no reason to anticipate any great falling off in the gold output of the Yukon. New fields are likely to be found, and those already known are far from being exhausted. Present indications point also to the successful development of quartz mining. Under these circumstances, Canadians themselves should, before it is too late, begin to take a livelier interest in Yukon development. L THE CONDITION OF THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. IT is alleged in mining circles that the quotations published for British Columbia mining stocks and the transactions said to take place in them are largely fictitious. Whether this is the case or not, only those on the inside can say with certainty, but it is evident even to casual observers that there is not at present an active market for such shares in this province. In view of the stringency in the money market, it would be a matter of surprise if mining shares were dealt with in to any great extent in Toronto. Monetary conditions at the present time do not encourage speculation. With call loans in New York at as high as io per cent, 60 day loans at the samef- figure and Consols selling as low as 92, it would be a matter of surprise if money would be available for dealing to any considerable extent in such slow- moving stocks as British Columbian mining shares. Moreover, the quoted prices must be to a large degree unreliable. In some cases quotations are un* questionably below the actual intrinsic values, and there are few instances where prices are over-representative of values. A few years ago the disposition was to place high values on all descriptions of mining stock in this province. Now the tendency is quite the reverse, so much so that if one were to endeavour to form an idea of the value of mining investments in the province from the stock quotations, he would be hopelessly astray, and would no doubt fall very far short of the truth. Certainly such an estimate would, not be one that could be called extravagant. Dullness in the stock market, however, does not imply lack of progress in mining. The transactions in shares really have no legitimate relation to the magnitude of the industry or the rate of development of new properties. Far more progress is being made now than during the days when speculation in stock was fashionable and transactions involving many thousands of dollars were of daily occurrence. In all mining districts there are three stages, so far as stock sales are concerned. • The first is when reports of new discoveries are made and companies are being formed to exploit properties on the strength of surface indications or preliminary development. The second stage is when work has proceeded sufficiently to give the public a fairly accurate idea of the general character of the country, the difficulties to be encountered in establishing mines and the probable chances- for making profitable investments. The third stage comes when mining has reached a permanent basis. In the first stage transactions in shares will, if the money market is easy, be likely to be many and frequent, with great fluctuations. It is all, or chiefly, speculation pure and simple. In the second stage, which is that of the present time in British Columbia, there will be little or no real demand for stock. In the third stage stocks are sought as investments, and transactions in them become a part of the regular business of exchanges, being affected by the same class of causes as influence prices in the railway share market or the produce exchange. A STORY OF " MILLIONS." ** I 'HE Mining Record, as our readers are aware, is published largely as a philanthropic institution, and whenever we hear of a really deserving case we never refuse to accord it gratuitous, advertising. A correspondent, taking advantage of this weakness of ours, has sent us the prospectus of the International Oil and Mining Syndicate, of Tacoma, Washington, which is certainly entitled to our best consideration. The International Oil and Mining Syndicate own eleven "propositions," the estimated value of which, "based upon the present value of the properties" and according to "a competent expert," (name not stated) is three million, nine hundred and thirty thousand, six hundred dollars. The most valuable of the properties is at Deer Park, West Kootenay district. • This comprises thirteen claims in all and is valued at one million eight hundred and fifty .thousand dollars (and no cents). As the names of the 362 THE MINING RECORD. claims at Deer Park are not given, we can express no opinion concerning them, but the prospectus states that the ore assays "from $12.00 to $43.95 per ton, an average of over $22.00 per ton. There is ore enough in sight on these groups to supply us at 500 tons per day for a great many years. Mining, smelting and transportation charges will be less than $5.00 per ton." Old residents in the Kootenays will be astonr ished to learn that such valuable mines exist on the Arrow Lakes, and that ores in this locality can be so cheaply mined and treated. Then besides the Deer Park claims the company owns six properties in the Meyers Creek mining district, near Chesaw, which are estimated to be worth one million three hundred and fifty thousand dollars, two claims at Northport worth a modest three hundred thousand dollars, five claims in the Curlew mining district worth three hundred and fifty thousand dollars and other lesser properties—not of course including the oil lands, which "an expert mineralogist declares to be the largest field of oil-bearing rock in the world, and confirmed his declaration by becoming interested in an adjoining proposition." We must not, however, forget to allude to the most important item in the list of assets. The company has "cash on hand, office furniture and other assets," to the value of a thousand dollars. This, perhaps, sounds small after the free mention of millions, but still a thousand dollars in hand is—well, not to be despised. The liabilities show that one million six hundred and sixty three thousand four hundred and thirty-eight dollars' worth (presumably) of stock has been sold, while there still remain in the treasury eight million three hundred and thirty-six thousand five hundred and sixty-two shares of the par value of one dollar each. You can actually buy these shares from the company on the instalment plan at ten cents apiece, and we learn through our correspondent that there are people in Vancouver who have been actually fools enough to do it. They deserve their fate. ORE IN SIGHT. TVTE have received from the secretary of the Insti- ™ tution of Mining and Metallurgy the following circular:— "The Council of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, recognizing the great importance to the mining industry and to the public generally of the subject dealt with in the paper on 'Ore in Sight,' by Mr. J. D. Kendall, appointed a committee to consider what steps the institution might usefully take in defining the term 'ore in sight.' The views expressed by leading members of the profession showed a great divergence of opinion as to the definition of the term. After due consideration and discussion, the Council came to the following decision: "1. That members of the institution should not make use of the term 'ore in sight' in their reports without indicating, in the most explicit manner, the data upon which the estimate is based; and that it is most desirable that estimates should be illustrated by drawings. "2. That as the term 'ore in sight' is frequently used to indicate two separate factors In an estimate— namely, (a) ore blocked out—that is, ore exposed on at least three sides within reasonable distance of each other; and (b) ore which may be reasonably assumed to exist, though not actually 'blocked out'—these two factors should in all cases be kept extinct, as (a) is governed by fixed rules, whilst (b) is dependent upon individual judgment and local experience. "3. That in making use of the term 'ore in sight* an engineer should demonstrate that the ore so denominated is capable of being profitably extracted under the working conditions obtaining in the district. "4. That the members of the institution be urged to protect the best interest of the profession by using their influence in every way possible to prevent and discourage the use of the term 'ore in sight,' except as defined above; and the Council also stronsdv ad- vise that no ambiguity or mystery in this connection should be tolerated, as they (the Council) consider that such ambiguity is an indication of dishonesty or incompetency." We propose to publish in our next issue extracts from the discussion on- Mr. Kendall's admirable and timely paper, but it may be said meanwhile iliat the author's views are generally indorsed by the leading British representatives of the engineering profession. Our contemporary, the Engineering and Mining Journal, of New York, however, objects, and we think rightly, to the Institute's recommendation that "ore in sight" should demonstrate that the ore so denominated is capable of being profitably extracted under the conditions obtaining in the district," and suggests instead that the engineer in making his estimate should classify his ore into different grades and give his opinion as to how far the different grades can be worked under existing conditions. In a new country such as British Columbia where conditions are constantly changing for the better by the introduction of improved methods of treatment and other means for the reduction of costs this especially applies. THE MINING RECORD. doo ZINC MINING POSSIBILITIES. Great hopes are entertained respecting the possibilities of turning to profitable account Slocan galena ores carrying an excess of zinc—a circumstance which heretofore has been distinctly detrimental instead of, as now appears likely, desirable. In smelting silver-lead ores, merely with a view to the recovering of those metals, an ore containing an excess of zinc is metallurgically troublesome, and consequently it has been the practice on the part of the smelters to tax all ore containing over and above a certain percentage of refractory material, so much per cent, of excess. So long as British Columbian mine owners had a market for their lead ores in the United States, and were commanding a good price for their product, no attempt was made to market ores carrying a very high percentage of zinc, but since this market has been closed and the basis of dealing has been on Lon,- don quotations, less unduly heavy freight and other charges, the margin of profit on lead mining operations has been so reduced that none but the very richest mines—and these are not always the most important in this country—could afford to continue working. Thus production since 1900 has fallen off very considerably, and so far as lead mining is concerned there is little likelihood of improvement in the British Columbian situation until the institution of certain tariff reforms and amendments looking towards the establishment of lead manufacturing- and paint works in Canada. It has been estimated that there is a market in the Dominion itself for from one- half to two-thirds of the lead annually received in British Columbia, but under present conditions all our lead is exported in the form of ore or matte, while all the manufactured lead consumed in the country is imported. There is meanwhile some talk of building large refinery works at Nelson, experimental tests with an electrolytic process at the small plant at Trail having proved, it is understood, reasonably successful, and pressure is also being brought to bear on the Dominion Government to subsidize the undertaking and also to effect such changes in the tariff as to render the importation of white lead, lead pipe and other manufactured forms of lead practically prohibitive. It is thought that by this measure sufficient encouragement will be afforded local industry and that a local market at better prices will thus be provided for at least the bulk of lead mined in the country. Should these plans be carried out, the effect, of course, will be to greatly stimulate activity in our lead mining centres; but meanwhile the suggested utilization of the zinc by-products is of more immediate interest. Spelter is in great demand in the States and it is significant that the supply from the chief sources of production is not increasing. The representative of a large Kansas smelting concern, who has been in the Slocan district for some weeks, has, it is said, made mine owners very favourable offers to purchase ores carrying zinc of 60 per cent, and over. Ores having a lower percentage than this are also accepted but for every unit under 60 per cent, a penalty is imposed. The available tonnage 6f ores in the Slocan carrying fair zinc values is by no means inconsiderable, the Slocan Star mine for example being in a position to ship a large tonnage monthly, while its output could possibly be increased to a thousand tons. Another mine, the Ivanhoe, could send out 10 tons per day, the Payne at least 5 tons, and the Bosun and Mountain Chief both have large available supplies of zinc ores up to 42 per cent, in this metal In many cases the ore would require to be concentrated in order that the resulting product should not fall below the required percentage, but provided a satisfactory market is arranged, mine owners would hardly hesitate to install the necessary plant. For ore' or concentrates carrying 60 pet cent, zinc it is understood that the smelter settlement will be between $30 and $32 per ton, assuming that the ore does not carry an excess of either lead or iron. From this, of course, the transportation rate of $11 would be deducted, and if the ore carries silver there will be a further charge of $2 per ton, as the gathering of these requires some further process. Nevertheless the marketing of the zinc affords a - cheap method for the recovery of the silver values, in which much of the zinc ores of the Slocan are very rich, and in the case of large shipping mines like the Slocan Star and Enterprise, the separate treatment of the zinc ores, will save the companies a very considerable sum which at present is charged against them by the lead smelters for excess of zinc. Judging from the superintendent's report, which we publish elsewhere in this issue, the Stemwinder mine, d"ne of the properties of the New Fairview Corporation, has every chance of entering ere long the profit- earning stage. No thanks, however, to the erstwhile management of Messrs. Dier & Davidson. Mr. Russell, under whom operations have since been carried on, appears to have worked intelligently and also at great personal sacrifice in the interests of the shareholders. *« It is stated that the Olalla Company has "practically decided" to build a 50-ton smelter, and that the plant will probably be operated by "gas-power." 364 THE MINING RECORD. A court of arbitration in Western Australia has ordered that the minimum rate of wages paid by employers on the East Coolgardie goldfields shall be as follows: Rock drill men in shafts, 14s 4d per shift; rock drill men in rises, 14s iod per shift; rock drill men in all parts of the mine, 13s 4d per shift, the men to be held jointly and severally responsible for the breakage of tools or injury to machinery; miners, us 8d per shift; bracemen and platemen, 11s 8d per shift; mullockers and shovellers, ios 6cl per shift; truckers, filling and trucking, ios 6d per shift; truckers from chute, ios per shift; men working in cyanide vats, 11s 8d per shift; timbermen working together, and directly in charge of and responsible to the underground manager for the work under their control, 13s 4d per shift; surface labourers, ios per shift. The shift is to consist of eight hours, including the customary allowance for crib; surface men's shift to consist of eight hours exclusive of crib time. The court decided that no sufficient reasons had been adduced to warrant interference with Sunday labour, which was already, except when necessary, absolutely prohibited by Act of Parliament. Total Sunday closing, in the opinion of the court, would mean an incalculable diminution in the production of the mines and largely increased expenses. The court declined to direct that the contract system should be totally abolished, but it directed that all agreements should be in writing, should contain a clear specification of the work required to be done, the price to be paid, the price at which stores and explosives would be supplied to the contractors, and the dates of the progress payments to be made, notices of these terms to be posted one clear day before tenders are received. The court also strongly recommended thai the form of agreement at present in use at the Great Boulder be adopted on other mines. It will be noted that the above scale of wages, which is, however, generally higher than that previously in force, is still somewhat below the standard of pay received by miners in British Columbia, while at the same time climate and conditions of life in the Kootenays are vastly superior to those existing in Coolgardie. routine work which might have been attended to equally well by a non-technical substitute, possessing merely some knowledge of the mining conditions and laws. By the appointment of a Deputy Minister, who, it is stated, has the necessary qualifications, the Provincial Mineralogist will feel at liberty to spend the greater part of the year in the field, while also we may expect that henceforward the Department will be more energetically administered in the matter, especially of issuing at regular and more frequent intervals special reports and statistical returns. If this course is pursued the Legislature should not hesitate in making the additional grant required. As we pointed out last month, Mr. Kirby and others who endeavour to show that the mining industry in British Columbia suffers from excessive taxation, weaken the cause they advocate, and defeat the ends they have in view by making statements which can either be disproved altogether or are found to be not strictly accurate. Mr. Bernard MacDonald, for example, publicly stated that blasting powder, by reason of the tariff, is very much more expensive in British Columbia than it is in the Western States, and that this constituted a heavy tax on mining in this countrj'. The Nelson Tribune after investigating the matter has discovered that Mr. MacDonald's contention was incorrect in that higher freight rates and not the tariff on explosives are responsible for the slightly higher cost. The point is in one sense not very material, but although we are in sympathy with the efforts that are being put forward to improve the conditions under which mining is carried on in the province, a case is surely never strengthened by exaggeration or misrepresentation. From the recent appointment of a Deputy Minister •of Mines, it is hoped that the Department will be able to render more effective service in the interests of the industry. Notwithstanding the criticisms which have appeared in several of the Kootenay newspapers the creation of the post was a quite justifiable step, .and one for which the Mining Record was largely responsible. In the past too much of the Provincial Mineralogist's time has been occupied with office Apropos of the 2 per cent, tax, a Fairview mine owner writes: "1 appreciate the good work you are doing in trying to show the hardships against which operators in this country have to contend. I fancy, however, that the Government will perceive the necessity of altering the incidence of the tax. In our case the 2 per cent, tax bears very hardly. For example, supposing the cost of mining, management, etc., is $1.50 per ton and the cost of milling, 75 cts. per ton on $4 ore, and supposing we get an extraction of 85 per cent, or recover $3.40 per ton, we would be called upon to pay 2 per cent, on $2.65, when in reality the profit would not be over $1 per ton. If a tax were placed on net profits it would be a step in the right direction. But in the interests of the country, mine-taxation might well be suspended for at least THE MINING RECORD. 3. year or two until the industry is on a more profitable footing." A Rossland correspondent writing to the Mining Record states that "the coke difficulty which is affecting the Northport and Trail smelters is the result of a contest between the C. P. R. and the Great Northern railway for the long haul. At Fernie there are coke ovens but no coal ready, while at Morrisey, eleven miles east, plenty of coking coal is available. Morrisey and Fernie are connected by the C. P. R., and the Great Northern connects at Morrisey only. If the railroads could agree there would be no trouble in treating the Morrisey coal at the Fernie coke ovens and later in transporting it to the smelter. As matters stand the Northport smelter has been buying coke at the Coast, in Washington and in the East, but the strike caused the latter supply to fail entirely and for four days in October the Le Roi plant was "closed down" for want of fuel. The Rossland Board of Trade has taken the matter up and will try to effect some arrangement, with the railroads by which the present stupid state of affairs can be averted. The attention that is now being given to quartz mining in the Yukon is most significant, and it is worth noting that a test consignment of ore was actually made this month from a claim near Dawson to a Puget Sound smelter. The material in this case was, of course, exceptionally rich, but even so a year or two ago it would scarcely have paid to ship out of the Yukon anything short of gold bullion. Since 1899 the costs of mining in that territory have fallen at least fifty per cent, and it seems probable that there will be still further reductions in this respect. It is reported that most promising quartz finds have been made on both Hunker and Lepine Creeks, as well as at several points along the Yukon River. At Indian River and elsewhere in that neighbourhood large bodies of conglomerates are being exploited. The Dominion Government has already recognized Yukon quartz mining possibilities and in order Nto encourage' effort in this direction mills have been established for the free testing of ores. The report of the directors of the Hall Mining and Smelting Company, Limited, for the year ended June 30, 1902, presented to the shareholders at the third ordinary general meeting on October 23rd last, states that in consequence of the exhaustion of the ore reserves, and the necessity therefore for writing off the amount of £19,751, charged to development account at June 30, 1901, and also writing off £1,094 from the value of the mine supplies, there is a loss on the mining account of £6,980; on the other hand, the smelting account shows a profit of £5,071. After taking credit for sundry receipts, £1,735, and providing for the general expenses, including debenture interest and the balance of preliminary expenses not dealt with last year (together £5,772), there is a loss of £5.-945) which together with £6,673 written off for depreciation, must be added to the amount brought forward from last year—viz., £6,980—making a total debit balance to be carried forward of £19,599. It was not until the spring of the year that the permanence of the ore body at the lower levels became doubtful. Before deciding to abandon operations, the board subsequently had the mine examined by the best expert available, whose views entirely coincided with those of the other two. The board have leased the mine to Mr. H. S. Davys, formerly superintendent, on satisfactory terms, one of the conditions being that they can resume possession should they wish to do so, whenever the output reaches 5° tons a day. The advantage of this arrangement is that the mine will be thoroughly explored by one who knows the property well and has faith in his ability to find other ore bodies entirely free of expense to the company. The most serious obstacle to the expansion of the smelting branch of the company's business has again been the loss caused by the fall in the prices of metals. Some further extension of the time for final settlement of purchase is necessary, and steps to that end will be taken as soon as possible. Notwithstanding the difficulties which have had to be met, the business still shows a profit, and there is every reason to expect reasonable profits in the future, more especially owing to the cheapening of flux and to the reduction of working expenses through the installation of the electric plant. As soon as a refinery is erected in the immediate vicinity there will be a considerable saving in the freight which now has to be paid for sending the bullion to a distant refinery in the States. Recognizing the desirability of reducing the management expenses, the board have decided to reduce their number to three. Since Mr. Davys has been in charge, the position at the mine has so far improved as to give rise to the hope that operations may be resumed by the company in the future. The Atlin Board of Trade has addressed a letter to the Minister of Customs, at Ottawa, calling attention to the unsatisfactory wording of the clause in the customs regulations relating to mining machinery. This clause reads, to the effect, that machinery which 366 THE MINING RECORD. is not actually manufactured in Canada may be admitted duty free. The Atlin Board of Trade desire to be informed whether "bucket dredges" are included in the free list under this heading. The matter has also been taken up by the Nelson Board of Trade, a member, Mr. Croasdaile, stating that he knew of cases where machinery nominally manufactured in Canada, actually was not, and that merely because Canadian manufacturers "claimed" that they could make certain classes of machinery, which in point of fact they did not, mine owners were compelled by the customs authorities to pay a heavy duty. At present, consequently, the question whether or not certain articles are dutiable is settled at the discretion of subordinate officials, and it is high time, in justice to mine operators, that the department rendered a definite ruling as to what machinery may be brought into the country duty free. The directors of the Sullivan Company are not to be congratulated on the manner in which the Marys- ville smelter undertaking has been conducted. In fact they appear to have made between them a pretty average mess of things. The shares of this concern are held largely in the East, but the controlling interest is vested in a few Spokane operators. According to a Mr. Layton, representing Eastern interests, the company has spent during the past few months upwards of $109,000 upon smelter construction work, and has practically nothing to show for this large expenditure beyond a flume and a quantity of brick. It is further stated that the company is in debt to the tune of $9,000 and that approximately $75,000 will be required to complete and equip the smelter. It is difficult to say whether this money will be forthcoming. Meanwhile, here is another instance of "American" mismanagement. British directorate boards will have to look to their laurels so far as this country is concerned if this sort of thing continues. The result of the final clean-up of the season at the Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic mine amounted to only $17,500. This is decidedly disappointing, and it is doubtful now whether the total yield of $61,000 will even be sufficient to defray this year's costs of operating,' although these, of course, will be less than heretofore, on account of the shortness of the season. Moreover, the installation, which was completed last spring of an electric light and power drill plant should effect a material reduction in the cost respectively of lighting the mine and of extending the bed-rock sluice cuts, and of driving the new tunnel. On the other hand, to offset this, the company has had to do a certain amount of dead work this season in the removal of material caused by slides. It is meanwhile most unfortunate that for two consecutive seasons the precipitation should have been so inconsiderable as to cause a shortage of water supply in spite of the precautions taken and the large expenditures made to provide against such a contingency. In recent press despatches from San Francisco it is reported that the change from coal to mineral oil as fuel on the railways is not by any means proving as satisfactory as was at first anticipated and it is not unlikely that a return to the use of coal will be made in consequence. While oil is certainly the cheaper form of fuel, it appears that Californian oil has a bituminous base and that its action on parts of the locomotives of the Southern Pacific railway has created so much trouble that it has been considered advisable to abandon' its use. This, if true, will mean a great deal to Vancouver Island colliery owners, to whom the substitution of oil for fuel purposes in what was formerly their chief market was a matter of very serious concern. The manager of one of the largest Slocan mines writing to the Mining Record takes a very hopeful view of the situation in respect to zinc mining possibilities in that district. He says: "The fact that our zinc ores have now become saleable in the United States is the best thing that has happened to us in the Slocan for years. I have recently closed contracts with the Lauzon Zinc Co., of Iola, Kansas City, by which we sell at a fair profit all our zinc concentrates, which are simply a bi-product. Our present output of zinc amounts to over 100 tons per month, but within six month we shall probably double this. Several of the other large companies have made similar arrangements. Both the railways have made a special rate of $11 per ton for haulage—a cut of $4 per ton. These are big- doings." Conditions in the Atlin district this season appear to have been decidedly more satisfactory than last year and from a seemingly well informed source we gather that the aggregate value of the summer "clean-ups" will approximate closely, to a million of dollars. Contrary to all anticipations the increased output resulted from successful ground sluicing operations, the yield from hydraulicing being relatively small. THE MINING RECORD. THE GRANBY MINES AT PHOENIX, B.C. (By C. M. Campbell, B.A.,B.Sc.) r HE history of the Phoenix Camp may be said 1 to date from 1897. In the fall of that year Mr. J. F. Hemenway came to this district as the agent of the Miner-Graves Syndicate, then commencing operations on the Old Ironsides claim. In March, 1898, the present superintendent, Mr. W. F. Williams, took charge of mining operations with a force of twelve men. At this time a small amount of development work had been done at the base of No. I shaft then down 100 feet. Since then it has been a case of constant progress, till at present, with the mine working full blast, there are over 400 names on the pay roll and the underground workings are miles in length. The position of the different claims in this district may be seen on reference to the plan. The block surrounded by the heavy lines includes the claims owned by the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Limited. It is with the operations on these claims that this article will deal. GEOLOGY. The town of Phoenix is built on both sides of a valley. The Stemwinder and Brooklyn are the chief mines on the north side and the Knob Hill, Old Ironsides and Snowshoe the chief ones on the south side. The north side of the valley consists almost entirely ll^C'"'--"' ^f^SPBi^P^y»-5-" • -■.'"■*. l^Pl IffiHiji m ^Sff^JS^^WS^^- 7<« *1 WW£ **& "fiT Jft- ^^fetlaaiK J^V-C 5_I^^:'-'-''^^ff ' iB Of H1 W&£%T%t£i*Mm [$** «9H |>NP (***{ 1 1' It MC ESw.~-.iM ' Kfee gyfep! IP &.4t<? '" tfrtui ■BB^ES- ^t«*i5£- . _..—'. j&£i Phoenix from Spion Kop. of limestones and breccias, highly altered by meta- morphism. On the south side a band of volcanic tufa divides the district into two parts. This band is well exposed at the railway cutting by the new compressor building and also on the War Eagle claim. It is bedded and dips 45 degrees to the east. It is coarse .and fine in texture, the fine part having a somewhat quartzitic appearance similar to some of the ash rocks of the Rossland district. The country on both sides is mineralized and consists chiefly of limestone, magnetite, copper and iron pyrites, hematite and epidote. The zone of oxidation is perhaps greater on the west than to the east, being in places 50 feet deep. The average composition has been determined to be about 38 per cent, of silica, 16 per cent, of oxide of iron, 15 per cent, of lime and 4/4 per cent, of sulphur. The workable ores will run about 1.7 per cent, of copper, $1.60 in gold and 33 cents in silver per ton, the values being chiefly in the copper pyrites. The above figures are, of course, only approximate,- and often vary. The deposit is of immense size. Surface explorations give it a length from north to south of over a mile and a width of over 300 feet. The foot "wall is Group of Miners. rather well defined but apparently there is no hanging wall. Crosscuts seem to indicate a width of 300 to 400 feet. It will thus be seen that the width varies. A crosscut may be in ore at a distance of 400 feet from the foot wall while another will pass out of ore at 300 feet. Diamond drill borings have reached a depth of 600 feet without reaching the bottom of the deposit. DEVELOPMENT. Outside the early prospect holes the first extensive development was the sinking of No. 1 shaft. This is a vertical two-compartment shaft and goes down to a depth of 200 feet. But little work was done at the 100-foot level, the main workings being at the 200- foot. Another shaft (No. 2) was then sunk. This is now down over 400 feet with stations at the 200, 250 and 300-foot levels. From these two shafts, by means of drifts and crosscuts, large masses of ore have been blocked out, as shown on the plan of the 300-foot level. After the ore is blocked out stoping is then proceeded with. The Knob Hill was opened by means of a tunnel (No. 1). This runs approximately north and south and has a length of 1,300 feet. Workings, of a deve" opment character, beneath this level are reached by means of a winze 200 feet deep. The 100-foot level of this mine connects with No. 2 tunnel, the mouth of which is situated below the machine shop. 368 THE MINING RECORD. METHODS OK UNDERGROUND WORK. Different methods have been in use. In the Old Ironsides the square set method was at first the only method used and is even yet used to a large extent. By this method a drift having been driven, that part where a stope is to be made is widened, the floor levelled, mud sills put in and on these the timbers are placed. Round timbers are used entirely. These are often two feet in diameter. The dimensions of the several parts and their relations to each other are shown in Fig i. It will be noticed that the tenons on the posts butt each other. They have been designed this way to carry vertical pressures which are the greatest in this deposit. In this way the end grain or greatest strength of the timber is opposed to the vertical pressure. In most mines, such as those at Rossland, the side pressure is greatest and consequently it is the tenons of the caps which meet each other. Before the installation of timber framing machinery the work was all done by hand. Under these condi- Plan of Claims. tions slightly different joints were cut. These are seen on reference to Fig. 2. The caps in all cases run across the lead, while the girts run with the lead. The caps are cut out of heavier timbers. The sill floor having been put in place properly spragged to the roof and walls and the top lagged, drilling is then proceeded with and a slice taken off the roof. The first floor of square sets are then inserted. In this way the whole slope is filled with timbers. The timbers are usually kept from 4 to 10 sets, depending on the nature of the ground, from the face. Each floor if lagged with three to six-inch unbark- ed poles, cut in the neighbourhood. These poles are 11 feet in length and when four square sets have been covered the adjoining four are lagged in the" opposite direction, forming a checker-work arrangement. This gives better support. The ore on the sill floor is shovelled into cars and taken to the shaft station. In the erection of the first floor chutes are inserted every few sets and all the ore on the upper floor is shovelled into these chutes, and from these it falls into a car. To facilitate the ore reaching the chutes, alternate sets in the upper timbers are often left untagged and in this way gravity brings down most of the ore to the chutes and the shovellers have seldom to work it down. A little shovelling is done above the sill floor; round poles answer the purpose of flooring as well as planks, and are much cheaper. Different reinforcement methods are in use. These are designed to steady the timbering and keep the members in their original position. In angle bracing (Fig. 4) the head of the brace should lean in the direction from which the pressure comes. Filling is shown in Fig. 5, and consists in filling in crib work about the sets with wasted rock. The pillars) are often 15 to 20 feet square and run from sill floor to the roof. The cribwork is floored with lagging, laid from sill to sill in order to prevent the contents of the crib from falling through should the floor be penetrated by workings from a lower level. The erection of the square sets is in charge of a timber gang consisting of a timber boss and usually four men. These work on the morning shift. A large part of the Knob Hill has been worked by an open stope. In this mine the rock does not cave in as readily as in the Old Ironsides and the stope has been left untimbered. In working- this THE MINING RECORD. stope the drift was first widened, then, instead of all the broken ore being removed, only the excess was taken away and the machines were then set up on what remained and another slice taken off the roof. This operation was repeated and the height of the stope further increased, All the ore was then removed, leaving an untjmbered stope averaging 25 feet in height, about 50 feet wide and about 600 feet long. A longitudinal section is shown in the diagram of the quarry workings. The square set method is gradually giving place to a cheaper method. Reference to Fig. 6 will explain this. Heavy chutes with iron gates have been built and the raise started in above the timbers. The excess of ore is drawn off through the chutes. Several of these raises will run parallel to each other and as they increase in height openings will be broken through from one to the other for convenienece and for ventilation. All large pieces of rock left after blasting are bulldozed so that nothing too large to go through reaches the chute. Bull-dozing consists in placing a stick or two of powder on a rock too large or too hard to treat with a hammer. This is covered with a shovelful of finely broken rock and the fuse ignited, when the rock is shattered. BLASTING. This is performed by a separate gang, who work on the night shift. The holes have previously been cleaned out by the machine men, all tools removed and turn sheets laid down to receive the ore blasted and thus aid the shovelling. The blasters then load the holes and cut the fuse to the length required so that the charges in the different holes will explode in regular order, each hole breaking towards space. The firing is then proceeded with. Sixty per cent, powder is used in almost all cases in both mine and quarry. TRAMMING. Most of the mine cars in use stand 4 feet 2 inches. above the track and will hold 20 cubic feet. This means a capacity of one and a half tons. Cars of slightly different dimensions are in use in the Knob Hill. A few ton-cars are still used to a small extent. Cars are all pushed to the shaft stations by. man power and caged by a cage tender. At the surface a topman replaces the full car with an empty and dumps the contents of the loaded car in the adjacent bins. .raci tl le mine are 12 to the switches in use are shown in the sketch (Fig. Where most of the traffic goes by the side line a hinged tongue is occasionally put in. This is easier to make and a turn may be-made in less space with this arrangement. When the other switch is put in, the carman has to guide his car to the right track by throwing his weight on one side of the car or the other. On the 250-foot level the cars are not caged, but their contents dumped into a chute leading to the 300-foot level. HOISTING. The shafts in which ore is hoisted are both of the two-compartment type. The extra compartment is used for ladders, pipes, etc. The hoisting compartment is lagged with two-inch plank. At level stations posts 15 feet long are used. The upper end plates rur; across the station a distance of about 20 feet and arc kept in place by braces and posts. The lower end plates' are also extended and support the steel turn sheet. The timber hoist is situated between the _ blacksmith and carpenter shops. It has been sunk to the 200-foot level and is slightly inclined. A skip is mounted in the shaft and is used solely for lowering timber and steel, men being forbidden to ride on it. It is operated by a small compressed air hoist. The hoisting signals are all pull bell. PUMPING. The greater part of the mines are dry. Shaft N 2 is, however, wet, so that the cage tender always Fig. 2 wears rubber caps, coat and boots while on shift. A Knowles steam plunger pump is stationed at the 300- foot level in No. 2 shaft, and another at the 200-foot level in No. 1. These handle the mine drainage with ease. The water is pumped into large reservoirs on the surface. These are situated at elevations greater than the mine buildings and are used as a source of water supply in case of fire. 370 THE MINING RECORD. At the mine stations notices are posted cautioning the men to see that all loose rock is barred down before work is started. Ground should be carefully examined for missed holes and muckers should always examine large rocks before breaking them, as they may include part of a hole containing powder. All powder obtained in this way is put in boxes prominently placed at different places in the mine. THE ORE QUARRY. This is worked in connection with the Knob Hill mine. This mine is entered bv a tunnel from the At, the lower end of the quarry ore is now being loaded directly into railroad cars. The method is shown in a photo. The loaded cars are run over an open trestle and dumped into the railway cars which have been switched on the track beneath. STRIPPING. Preparations are now being made to greatly extend the quarry workings. A contract has been given to strip a large area to the east of the present pits. On account of the contour of the ground and the fact that dirt has to be transferred across the present fie 3 $ILLFL00H5ET5 '■"GRANBY M/NtS PtiOtN/X0.C neighbourhood of which raises penetrate to the surface. The ore is blasted down in the quarry and shovelled into the raises. From the chutes at the bottom of these it is run into cars and from these trammed to the bins. Work in the quarry is all done with the tripod. Larger holes than underground are drilled and much greater charges, are employed, consequently very large quantities of ore are often broken down at a blast. quarry, the ordinary stripping methodsJ^ould not be employed. The equipment in use includes two gallows frames, a double drum engine, two iron wire ropes and a couple of skips. The ground to be stripped lies between the two frames. A heavy iron rope stretched between the two acts as a tramway for the skip. This rope can be drawn taut by a block and tackle worked by one of the drums. To the other drum is attached THE MINING RECORD. 371 a lighter iron rope which draws the skip back up the grade after it has been dumped. The ground is loosened by plows and drag scrapers are used to carry the dirt to the skip. The skip is made of two-inch plank AA/6LE dRACf/VQ and is about eight feet square. Three eye-bolts are attached to it and to these chains are hooked which are connected to the traveller on the upper rope. It will carry the contents of three scrapers or about one-half cubic yard of dirt. When loaded, the upper rope is slackened and the chains connected to the traveller are attached to it. It is then drawn to position and runs to its destination by gravity. When near the gallows frame a man with a long pole strikes one of the catches, when the skip, hanging by only two chains, turns over and dumps its contents. Two FILLIN6 JK- §j skips are used, one being loaded while the other is dumping. THE SURFACE PLANT. The surface plant has been enlarged to a great extent this summer, a very large amount of money having been expended both in buildings and machinery. SHAFT HOUSE NO. I. This covers the first shaft. In addition to this in jts different wings it also includes the boiler room, engine rooms, old machine shop, dry room and old blacksmith shop. The boiler room contains three Jenckes boilers, two of So h.p. each and the third of to h.p. These burn cordwood, which is quite plentiful in the neighbourhood. In one engine room a ten-drill Canadian Rand air compressor has been installed. In this room, by means of a horse-power upright engine and dynamo is manufactured the electric power for underground and surface lighting and for the different motors about the works. The other engine room contains a Jenckes hoisting engine. The old blacksmith shop which contains two forges is used for repairing broken mine cars, shoeing horses, making doors for chutes and work of a similar character. Two men are employed here. Underground View Showing Timbering. The figure to the extreme right is Mr. W. T. Williams, the Superintendent. NO. 2 SHAFT HOUSE. The hoisting engine in this building is also from the Jenckes Machine Co. It is much larger than the other, having a drum 60 inches wide. A great part of this building is utilized for store room purposes, and here a complete stock of mine supplies is kept on hand. The shaft house is extra large, the additional space being used to store the timbers which are needed on the 300-foot level. BINS. A covered tramway about 100 feet long runs from No. 1 shaft to the smaller ore bins. Built up against these and practically forming part of them are the bins which receive the product of No. 2 shaft. The total capacity of both bins is about 4,000 tons. These bins are shown in a photograph, as is also the method of loading ore cars. Two shippers, one on each shift, look after the loading from all the bins. Powerful Shay locomotives are used to draw the ore train to the Grand Forks smelter. 372 THE MINING RECORD. BOH Fig. 6. Cross Section Through Stope. CARPENTER SHOP. The ground floor of this building, which measures 40 feet by 60 feet, is on a level with the bottom of the timber shaft and also with that of No. 2 shaft. The upper floor contains the framing saws, shown in the photo, a large 40-inch swinging cut-off saw and a wedge cutter. The motive power is furnished by a 45 h.p. engine made by the Jenckes Machine Co. This company also supplied other parts of the plant, fie. 7 such as the shafting, pulleys, etc. The fumer and! carriage were made by the Denver Engineering Co. The timber used in the mine is obtained from the 1 eighbourhood of Midway, and is brought, by means of a spur track, right up to the shop door. It is cut in definite length so that there will be little waste when cut into mine timbers. When ends are left over they are fed into the wedge-cutting machine. BLACKSMITH AND MACHINE SHOP. These are united in one large building. At the end nearest the timber hoist is the blacksmith shop. This is equipped with six modern forges with their accessories. Compressed air is used in connection with these. The ordinary steam hammer is replaced by a nachine drill with a hammer in the chuck. It is worked by compressed air. The chief tools to be sharpened are-the machine drills. Of these each machine uses from ten to thirty per shift. The drills run from 18 inches to 15 feet in length and are made by welding a star steel point to an octogon steel shank. Hand drills, which are used to a small extent by the timbermen to cut hitches, and shovellers' picks are also sharpened here. The machine shop will shortly be equipped with modern designs of machinery necessary for the maintenance of a large mining plant. Orders have been placed for two engine lathes, one with 32 inch swing and 18 foot bed and the other with 15 inch swing and 8 foot bed; a crank shaper, stroke 24 inch; an upright drill press, 32 inch swing; a Merrill pipe-cutting and threading machine, capacity 4 feet 8 inches; a power splitting shear, capable of cutting one^half inch plates and hand power bending rolls capable of treating one- half inch plates. The whole installation will be driven by an electric motor. A small elevator leads from the mouth of No. 2 tunnel to the floor of the machine shop. This facilitates the handling of the Knob Hill supplies. (To be continued.) THE MINING RECORD. 373 THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE ELEMENTS. (By A. A. Watson B.Sc, Assayer and Mining Geologist, Vernon, B. C.) ONE of the fundamental principles of modern chemistry is that enunciated by Mendelejeff that "the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights." An atom is the smallest particle of an element which can exist, and it cannot be divided by any means either chemical or mechanical. Every atom of a given element has the same weight; but the atoms of different elements have different weights. The lightest atom is the atom of hydrogen, the heaviest is uranium. If the properties of the elements were functions of their atomic weights then the heavier the atom of an element the greater would be its specific gravity, and its other physical properties would be greater in like ratio. • But the natural law pointed out by Newlands in 1863 and further developed by Meyer and Mendelejeff, is that the properties of the elements vary periodically as one goes up the scale starting at the lightest element The next element- to hydrogen in the order of atomic weights is lithium, which has an atomic weight of 7.01. The next is beryllium with an atomic weight of 9.1. Beryllium is accordingly placed at the head of group 2. Next comes boron, with an atomic weight of 11, then carbon, 11.97; nitrogen, 14; oxygen, 10; and fluorine, 19.1, as shown below: GROUPS. 1 2 3 4 5 e 7 Hydrogen 1 Lithium 7.01 Sodium 28 Potassium 49 Beryllium 9.1 Bo on 11 Carbon 12 Nitrogen 14.01 Oxygen 16 Fluorine 19.1 The next element on the list in the order of atomic weights is sodium, with an atomic weight of 23 elements between fluorine and sodium, being still undiscovered. Now sodium is a very similar element to lithium. It is a metal, it is very light, oxidises very rapidly, and when placed* in water combines with it just as lithium does but more violently. Sodium is therefore placed in- group 2 under lithium. Going on up the scale we get back to potassium, with an atomic weight of 49 and possessing properties very like those of lithium and sodium, but while lithium combines slowly with water and sodium rather violently, potassium combines with water with extreme violence, bursting into flame and exploding in the process. The medicinal qualities of lithia water, soda water and potash water are sufficiently well known to demonstrate the similarity of the properties of the elements lithium, sodium and potassium to the most casual observer. The valency of an element, or power of attaching a number of other atoms to itself, increases and falls periodically with the atomic weight. For instance, sodium in the first group combines with one atom of chlorine. Magnesium in the second group combines with two atoms of chlorine, aluminum with three, silicon with four, phosphorus in the fifth group with three, sulphur in the sixth group with two and chlorine in the seventh with one. The relation of acids to metals is shown with great clearness. The members of the. first group arc- tin- most metallic and the members of the last group are the most acid, and the acid character of the elements increases regularly as we pass from group to group. The periodic law has been very useful to chemists in enabling them to search for and predict the discovery of unknown elements. When the table of atomic weights is examined it is found that' a great many gaps occur. These gaps are caused by the fact that a great many elements occur in nature which are so rare that they have not yet been discovered. Perhaps the most noteworthy example of the value of the periodic law in this connection is the discovery of gallium by De Boisbaudran. At the time of Mendelejeff's earliest publication there was no element known which could be placed opposite the atomic weight 69 in group 3. Mendelejeff predicted that an element would be discovered with an atomic weight about 69; it would have a low melting point, its specific gravity would be midway between that of sodium and aluminum, or about 5-9 > & would not be acted upon by air, would decompose water at a red heat and would be slowly attached by acids and alkalis. This hypothetical element is called eka-alumimnn. When gallium was discovered and isolated it was found that it had properties in exact accordance with the predicted properties of the undiscovered element eka-alumi- num. Gallium has an atomic weight of 69, its melting point is 30.15 degrees and its specific gravity 5.93. Another element predicted by Mendelejeff is scar- dium. He predicted the discovery of an element similar to boron which he called eka-boron. It would have an atomic weight of about 44, a specific gravity of 3.5 and would be insoluble in alkalis. In 1879 Nilson discovered the new element scardium which has an atomic weight of 44, specific gravity 3.8 and is insoluble in alkalis. There was also a gap in group 4. Mendelejeff predicted the discovery of a raw metal which he called eka-silicon; it would be a grey metal obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium. It would decompose steam very slowly, would be scarcely acted on by acids, but easily by alkalis. The oxide would be obtainable by burning the metal in the air; it would resemble tilanium oxide but would be less basic than that oxide, although more basic than silica and the atomic weight of the element would be 7.2. The discovery of germanium by Winkler entirely confirmed Mendelejeff's predictions. T-CITAMAAT—A NEW AND PROMISING DISTRICT. (By W. F. Best.) DURING a recent visit to the Valley of the Kita- maat I had an opportunity to examine the Golden Crown mine, which is situated about four miles from the steamboat wharf at Kitamaat. The claims included in the group are the Golden Crown, Paragon, Peerless, Porcupine and Crystalline, all of which are situated on Crown Mountain, upon the south fork of Wahugh Creek. The first mentioned of these claims was located in 1898, since which 1 374 THE MINING RECORD. Skeena River. time the regular assessment work has been done and a crown grant will issue to the owners next year. The mineralized ledge discovered on the Golden the walls, and 15 feet of porphyritic rock of the dol- royte variety, between the schistose matter and the granite, on the hanging wall side of the deposit.. Patarmigan Mine, Bornite Monntain, Skeena River. Crown consists of a compact mass of crystalline quartz varying in width from 16 feet to 24 feet. This ledge fills a fissure in the granite of the district, there being about six inches of schistose matter on each of The whole face of the cliff on the southern side of the creek has been cleared of vegetation and earthly debris, so that the nature and extent of the quartz ledge is clearly defined. A crosscut tunnel has also THE MINING RECORD. 375 been driven across the ledge at a point about ioo feet below the outcrop at the top of the hill, by which means the general nature of the ore body has been . ascertained. The ledge is well mineralized throughout, the ore being iron and copper sulphides with gold and silver values as indicated by numerous assays made in Seattle and Greenwood, B.C. The highest gold values thus far found were from $40.00 to $47.00, while in some parts of the ledge only 40 cents in gold were found. Silver values range from half an ounce up to an ounce, and the copper from seven up to thirteen per cent. From appearances where exposed the ledge is continuous and compact, with no evidence of faulting or other irregularity, and apparently well worth a thorough examination. On the hanging wall about three feet of the ledge is highly mineralized, and apparently the amount of ore in the ledges increases with depth. There is excellent water power available close at hand for a compressor plant, mine lighting, etc., and from indications the Golden Crown ledge is a permanent and extensive one, that will repay those who expend capital in its development. A very good trail on which the Government expended $1,500 has been constructed from tidewater to the Golden Crown group, and of late development work on the Peerless and Paragon appears to indicate that pay ore in considerable quantity exists in the portion of the ledge running through these claims. It would not be surprising to find that another important mining district exists in the Kitamaat section, of which the Golden Crown is the pioneer camp. THE COMMISSION ON COAL MINING. (Specially reported for the Mining Record. LADYSMITH. Oct. 4.—In its sittings at Ladysmith the Royal Commission has obtained strong confirmation of the necessity of further legislation in the direction of safeguards in coal mines. During the four days spent there, twenty witnesses gave their views of what thy considered necessary to attain the object of the Government in appointing the Commission—the prevention, or at least reducing as far as possible explosions underground. The personnel of the Commission greatly assists in obtaining the views of the men, who, after they understand the real object of the enquiry, are eager to help in the work. Here, too, the officials of the mines have rendered every assistance, several of them depriving themselves of much needed rest to attend the sittings A review of the evidence given here would show conclusively that the two subjects on which all coal miners lay most stress as safeguards are .watering - dusty mines and explosives. As to the first, there is almost unanimous testimony in favour of pipes, hose and spray; but some division of opinion as to what is the best explosive.' It is evident that black'powder, with all its varying quality and possible danger, stall holds first place in the estimation of the working miner as a getter of coal. Unless legislation, such as exists in Great Britain, absolutely prohibits the use • of this explosive, it will probably long continue to be the chief, if not the only explosive in use. As such legislation would require much consideration before its enactment it remains to render the use of black powder as harmless as possible. It is becoming more apparent as the evidence comes in that only by increasing the discipline of the mine in the direction of thorough inspection by the shot-lighter before, as well as after the shot, can the maximum of safety be secured with opportunity to earn a fair wage. That the method of inspecting holes is faulty there is no doubt and while efficient, careful men may be trusted to clean and load the hole with some regard for the general safety, there is probably in every mine, men who either from sheer wilfulness or ignorance, cannot be trusted. An increase in the number of shot- lighters would be the only remedy for the presenl state of things—one of those cases where a liberal expenditure is the surest economy. The Commission does not concern itself with questions of expenses and it may be reasonably assumed that owners and operators will willingly meet the requirements of safety for their property. As one of the witnesses expressed it, there is plenty of knowledge to prevent explosions if it was applied, but it is useless without application. Eminent authorities on gas, dust, ventilation lamps, etc., were quoted in some of the questions put. All these dealt, however, with conditions obtaining in coal mines in Great Britain, the United States or elsewhere. These are valuable in a way, but actual conditions as they exist to-day in the coal mines of the Province, obtained from those who work in them are of much greater value in arriving at a just conclusion. The difficulty about tamping material does not appear so strongly here as in other places, the shale of the district, pro perlv treated, apparently affording good material. Stoppings of wood, or stone, brick and cement for permanent stoppings, appear to be preferred. Enquiry as to blown out shots in narrow places as compared with the effect of similar happenings in wide places proved the greater danger of the former and •the necessity of employing the best class of men in such work. Those who had seen the panel system in operation were strongly in favour as confining the effects of an explosion to that particular panel: and it is not impossible that the future may see a greater adoption of this 'method in fields which lend themselves to it. Some of the witnesses were strongly m favour of the prosecution of men who, by wilful acts, endanger the common safety. Others, more lenient, felt that ■discharge was sufficient for a second offence. Fear of unpopularitv with fellow-workers on account of giving information of illegal acts is evidently a reason for the escape of the offender from deserved punishment. A provision subjecting a participator to this extent to some penalty would probably meet this difficulty— accessories should not escape. There can be no safety without a sense of personal responsibility for a witnessed offence. ^W^ff^fffflT^T^^^^^ 376 THE MINING RECORD. ' As an instance of the necessity for governmenl inspection of powder, a witness testified that a handful of powder placed on a log burned with lots of flame and smoke but without explosive character. Most of those who had considered the matter, favoured the ventilatin of old workings, rather than closing them up. Electric appliances were condemned in gaseous mines, except in the intake. Naked lights are such an assistance to the miner as compared with the dim uncertain glimmer of the safety that they are preferred to work by; some of the witnesses believing that the risk of explosion caused greater care and that any immunity from explosion by the use of the safety was more than offset by the accidents from falls of roof, accidents with boxes, etc. The importance of good eyesight and hearing for candidates for firemen was admitted, the quick seeing of the "cap" on the lamp being one of the safeguards. An examining test for eyesight was favoured. Witnesses were almost unanimous in their views that the length of experience prescribed qualifying overmen, firemen and managers should be extended and that the year's experience demanded of the miner before certificate of competency should he of a practical character. A miner of long experience made a very good suggestion. He advocated a means of communication between all parts of the mine and with the surface, so that in case of fire or explosion in any part quick notice could be given and lives saved thereby. He instanced one explosion where men in another part of the mine were entirely in ignorance of its occurrence for some hours and exposed to danger for that time for. want of means to readily carry the information. Every subject within the scope of the Commission was fully enquired into, and having concluded ai Ladysmith this evening, the Commissioners left for Nanaimo, where they will sit on Tuesday, having first examined the neighbouring mines. Nanaimo will be the last place visited and will probably occupy the whole of next week. Nanaimo, Oct. 16.—After having examined at length over ninety witnesses in the various places where its sessions have been held, the Commission; on Explosions in Coal Mines left for Victoria to-day after visiting and inspecting the mines of the New Vancouver Coal Company, accompanied by Manager Russell, the Inspector of Mines and the Miners' Union representative, Ralph Smith, M.P. The work got through at Nanaimo has been the heaviest at any place, this important coal mining centre furnishing abundant material, the efforts of the Secretary of the Miners' Union and others being constant to keep the witnesses' chaii filled. Public interest in the proceedings was also more apparent here. An occasional attempt to inject politics, although always discountenanced by the Commissioners, gave a zest to the proceedings. Expert evidence played a more important part and the suggestions thrown out were of a highly interesting character. Two of the main questions may be regarded as fully answered by the investigations, namely, the explosive character of coal dust and the necessity for watering dry and dusty mines. As to explosives, opinions'differ in respect to the safety of even the permitted explosives. The manager of a local powder company was a witness and expressed an ability to manufacture a powder, which would fully answer government requirements of safety and equal some of the older blasting powders. This is to be done under a sys-» tern of government inspection and marking, if the amended law 'should so provide. In this connection much was heard of the special Bull Dog now on the list of permitted explosives, which seemed a general favourite with miners. The effect on the different explosives in the flame produced, of the method of cleaning, loading and tamping the hole, was fully gone into. Much of the evidence was cumulative in favour of examination of shots before and the place after the firing; the understanding of English by all who go into a mine to work; tamping with any clayey material ; longer experience and less theory for officers, etc. Occasionally a witness would differ with the general view; but the weight of evidence in favour of regulations for safety far outweighed these. In all the enquiry there "has been evinced a general agreement of opinion on the necessity for more stringent regulations, with here and there a note of dissent. It would probably, however, be no difficult task to foreshadow the recommendations of the Commission on the matters within its scope. Comparison of the death roll from explosives in Great Britain and British Columbia was made by one of the witnesses, who gave as a result in ten years— 1892 to 1901—the last year of which returns are available—Great Britain .55 while the Province showed the high rate of 6.61. The latter were from the report of the Minister of Mines and the former from the figures published by the British Home Secretary's Department. While these are lumped as deaths from explosions, the specific causes of the explosions are not given, this being always largely a matter of speculation. Taking, perhaps, the three most important witnesses at Nanaimo, their evidence may be summarized as follows: Mr. Ralph Smith, a practical miner of twenty-five years' experience, said he did not think either the mine managers or the companies had carried out the Mines Regulations Act as they do in England. According to section 3, special rules where gas is discovered a competent man should examine the mine once when there is one shift in twenty-four hours, and where there are two, twice in that time. This should be done immediately/previous to the miners going into the place. That was not done in this country and never had been. The limit of time should be measured by the extent of the district, but not more than an hour and a half. In England where gas is discovered in a mine two or three times the company is compelled to operate that place with safety THE MINING RECORD. 377 lamps for a certain period until reported free; that was not done here, and there is no regulation to that effect. Men go in with unlocked lamps in their hands to examine places and. open lights on their heads. The Mines Regulation Act defined a gaseous mine as one where gas is discovered at any time. He would say that any mine that gave off gas to the extent of having accumulation of fire-damp explosive in a safety lamp was a gaseous mine. One of the reasons of the large percentage of accidents here compared with other countries was the large percentage of inexperienced miners permitted to operate places. In Great Britain the miners are brought up in the mines thoroughly trained from boys; there it is a trade. Here men by hundreds are taken who never saw a coal mine. In Fernie he understood they had directly imported aliens for the mines. The late amendment as to certificates did not go far enough. Every man in a mine was a source of danger to every other man in that mine and every law should apply to all. Educational tests should apply to everyone employed. The witness favoured an amendment of the present act to that effect. The organization of coal miners was the strongest point of safety. The Coal Mines Regulation Act in England was brought into existence by bodies of organized miners and the influence of trades unions. It is not possible to get the factor of safety where the men were not or could not be organized. It was highly important the men should take advantage of the privilege of examination of the mine. The witness believed the intention of the Coal Mines Regulation Act was that every man employed in a mine should be able to read the regulations which are posted to instruct the miners. Every man who cannot read the rules is a serious danger. He did not see the reason for translating them—the managers could not read Chinese or the other languages of the different foreigners employed. If a man could not read the rules he was unlikely to understand the instructions in a way he should. He considered dust a very dangerous element in coal mines and opposed the use of black powder and the use of electric appliances in gaseous mines. All sorts of things were dumped into air courses here—a source of danger. The law should prevent a mine being worked three shifts. Had never studied any particular system of watering, but some good system was an absolute necessity. Did not consider the shot-lighters had any power of judgment under the act as to examining the holes of some and not of others before firing—there was an ambiguity in respect of that—it simply says examine the place. His interpretation was that the act also provided for an examination after the" shot, and it was so interpreted in the mines of the New Vancouver Coal Company. Under certain conditions a blown-out shot was very dangerous; some importance in that respect might be attached to the tamping. Clay was supplied in some mines in Great Britain to prevent tamping with coal dust; would favour a law compelling owners to supply clay where proper tamping could not be procured by the men. Had always found practical miners very careful in tamping. -Black powder should be subject to government inspection. Had a long experience in safety lamps; would consider the open Clanny a dangerous lamp. Had never had the Wolf in his hands. The clad Clanny is as good as a miner could have, but not for a fire-boss. Guessed every fire-boss carried matches now—a very grave source of danger. Would suggest two men being sent to examine the mine. Lamps should be tested in" a gaseous mixture before the men got them. A near-sighted man would be dangerous as a fire-boss; would favour examination for sight. Seventy men was a good proportion for an air split. Was in favour of stopping off old workings—dirt and rock faced by a strong wall. Favoured as much air in a mine as possible—a reasonable moderate circulation without reducing the volume. There should be more discipline in mines; had never known of a conviction under the Coal Mines Regulation Act. Considered it impossible to calculate the strength of powder for a second use of a hole; it was dangerous to fire a hole a second time, and would prohibit it absolutely. The division of a mine by such a system as the panel was absolutely indispensable. One year's experience was too little as a fire-boss or shot- lighter. The English act prohibits a man going to the coal face without two years' experience; an official should have five years' experience. A manager was not safe in a mine who was a theorist merely— was just as dangerous as a Chinaman. A man should lose his certificate, or it be suspended for breaches of the act. Suggestions by the witness to the management of mines has met due consideration in many instances and been carried out. The witness went at length in subjects of management, such as dividing mines into sections "ml making a shot-lighter responsible for a given area. Witness considered it would be a check on the officials :f the inspector posted the results of his examination. While he did not desire to reflect on anybody, did not think the inspectors examined thoroughly—going through the old workings, travelling the air courses, in the sense the act is supposed to mean. His experience was, of course, confined to one mine. Advocated making the men acquainted with the plan of the mine to enable escape if necessary and as to intake and air courses, and question them on it. In this the Union and management might work togethejr. Believed such knowledge would have saved lives at Extension and other places. i In reply to Mr. Hawthornthwaite, the witness had no reason to know an inspector dare not do his duty in British Columbia, and had no personal experience that would not prove to him he would dare not do it; but was prepared to say that where political influences were strongly connected with government administration that are generally interested in coal mining operations, there is a tendency in that direction. Mr. T. J. Shenton also criticized the inspection of mines, but later in the enquiry voluntarily withdrew any imputation on any particular inspector and desired to speak generally as to inspections. 378 THE MINING RECORD. Various firemen and others of the minor officials having testified, Mr. Francis Henry Sheppard, civil and mining engineer, was sworn and gave long interesting testimony from the expert point of view. The witness stated that the bulk of his testimony rested on examination after the two explosions at Cumberland and Fernie, but it was evidently also based on a long period of research. The condensed result, said Mr. Sheppard, of those two examinations was that a dangerous condition of the temperature of the mine might exist and yet be very hard to detect; combined partly with dust in the atmosphere and a low percentage of fire-damp. These conditions were very difficult to detect. Probably as low as one and a half per cent, of gas, if the other conditions are ripe, is sufficient to cause an explosion under some exciting cause, such as a sudden shot; and if very ripe, it had been asserted that the sudden shutting of a door would cause an explosion. Another source of danger is the simultaneous firing of shots, or rapid succession of shots, which witness knew to be fully as dangerous as blown-out shots. The rapid succession of shots has a result on the atmosphere very similar to the blown-out or windy shot. As to dust, the greatest source of danger was the newly created dust along the working faces; this was gathered from observations at Fernie. The greatest zone of violence was along the working faces; the dust on the hauling roads did not enter into it at all. There was very little coking at Fernie away from the line of working faces. Any system of watering should be carried to where the danger lies —the working faces. Services of water should be laid in proximity to the working faces under a head so as to be thoroughly sprayed. The whole of the places in a dry and dusty mine should be continually watered to render the atmosphere safer. A lamp that would detect a lower percentage of carburetted hydrogen or fire-damp would be too delicate for use by the ordinary miner or in examinations, but would be of great service in expert hands. Some instrument should be, supplied to the ordinary fireman and miner which would detect 1.5 per cent, and also to determine the dusty condition of the atmosphere of the mine, which should be known to the officials. Only by these means could precautionary measures be taken. Under the present system it is simply a matter of opinion ; the inspector might determine a mine as dry and dusty which might not be particularly dangerous —it is simply a matter of his judgment. It should not be taken out of the hands of the inspector, but given all the importance it is possible to give; he should have some strong counsel or advice in determining whether a mine is dry and dusty and suffi- ently dangerous. It had been suggested that if a delicate gas test.had been in use at Fernie the explosion there might not have occurred. Quoting from his report on the Fernie disaster as applicable generally to the present enquiry, the witness stated the ordinary safety lamp will indicate about two and a half per cent, of C.H. 4, and while there are lamps and instruments which will indicate as low as one- quarter of one per cent, they are so delicately con structed as to be of no practical use to the ordinary miner. Probably the cause that contributed more largely than any other to the explosive condition of the Fernie mine as a whole, is the fact that these mines were working a double shift. The explosion took place about the middle of the second shift, and the dusty condition naturally had increased all day, and cooling or settling intervals had intervened, and instances are on record which go to show that the second shift following immediately upon the first produces conditions in a dusty mine which are dangerous. The inference to be drawn from the evidence of force, direction and zone of greatest violence, is that the greatest danger lay, not in the hauling roads or old workings, but in the newly created dust of the' working faces. The atmosphere passing through the faces is no doubt charged to some extent with a low percentage of C.H. 4, and while this may be to some extent dangerous in itself, it is much more likely to become so under some exciting cause, similar to that which probably caused the explosion, viz., an explosion of fire-damp and dust combined. The fact that dust may be created as freely, where blasting conditions do not obtain, to wit, where coal is soft and friable, as in room 7 off McDonald's level suggests that watering precautions may be necessary, irrespective of those provided for in the Mining Act, governing blasting conditions. Some practical method or appliance is much needed to determine the condition of mine atmosphere, both with regard to low percentage of fire-damp, and dangerous conditions as to the presence of dust. The installation of a thoroughly efficient watering appliance in dry and dusty mines should be more imperative. While the use of the ordinary blasting powder does not appear to have contributed to this explosion, its ccntinued use under conditions prevailing in portions of No. 2 mine will always be a source of danger and the substitution of more modern and safer explosives is suggested. As to tamping, no dust or similar inflamable material should be used in tamping ; but clay or decomposed shale should be always employed; ordinary clay would be too dry. Holes should be entirely clean of cuttings or coal dust. Blown-out holes are very dangerous and a blown-out hole would ignite dust even without gas present under certain conditions. This danger was intensified in a narrow way. Coal dust has exploded without the presence of gas, notably at the Brancepeth Colliery, where the coal hopper exploded, killing three men. A great deal depends on the chemical condition and fineness of the dust; dust in lignite mines does not seem to be very dangerous—explosions are seldom heard of. The. chemical analysis of anthracite was such that it did not supply the dangerous volatile dust. Any coals of? high and fixed carbon like anthracite, 82 and 85, witness would not consider dangerous. Fernie was about 70, leaving room in the analysis for volatile hydro-carbon. In some of the lignites the analysis THE MINING RECORD. 379 is very high and the lignite mines are not as dry as bituminous; there was a certain amount of adhering moisture and moisture contained in the coal. It is possible to get a new black powder with less flame than that now used; how serviceable it would be witness could not answer; absolutely flameless powder had yet to be found. Experiments with the gelatine and water cartridge showed there was absolutely no flame, at any rate none showed on a photographic plate. It was, however, rather a delicate thing to use; hardly fit for the hands of a miner. As to lamps, all the old style should be prohibited—the bonnet Clanny is probably the best of them. The illuminating power of the Wolf is higher than any The largest lamp on the market—a good feature, percentage of accidents were from falls of roof and good light is essential. The A. H. Gray has an illuminating power of 67-100 of a candle power: the Wolf claims one candle power. The self-lighting apparatus would not be dangerous except in case of breakage of lamps or glass or somebody tampering with it and igniting the match while in that condition. With that exception did not think there was any danger in the self-igniting process. ■ All firemen should have that or some self-igniting lamp. Holes should be examined before charging; part of the shot-lighter's duty should be to clean out the holes and tamp the charge. Electric installation of any kind should not be in the return air-way, but if the mine is particularly fiery or known to contain large volumes of standing gas, the witness would not favour them at all; some sudden fall of roof or something of this kind might suddenly drive out the gas from the workings across the main road, or stoppings, hevvV ed logs are the best—in case of creep they would tighten. Did not consider it possible to wholly ventilate or wholly isolated abandoned workings; it was very difficult to stop them effectually; the pressure of gas from coal means something enormous, having been found'in some instances as high as 200 to 250 pounds to the square inch; would endeavour to ventilate as long as he possibly could. As to velocities, the high velocity of air combined with a heavy concussion would excite dust and with a blown-out shot might supply the conditions which would cause an explosion; any high velocity in the shaft or open part of the mine would not be so much a source of danger; would recommend to reduce the velocity by reducing the air-ways; a good velocity around the workings could not exceed probably 200 feet per minute. At Fernie the manager had testified it was going at 300 feet per minute from the face of McDonald's level to the face of Dever's level—that meant 30,600 cubic feet at a winning heading of the mine; such a velocity would have been absolutely dangerous with the atmosphere charged with firedamp. • As to the panel system, -you have less openings, so that in case of spontaneous combustion the plan of ventilation is more easily carried out; witness would recommend the panel system; the fields in Vancouver Island are not very suitable to the panel system. The witness dealt at length with the various matters within the scope of the Commission, emphasizing an extension of the age at which a mine manager io now permitted to pass for that position, also considering that the present examination did not bring out the practical parts of a man's experience—was in fact too technical. Mr. David Moffat, who had been forty-seven years in coal mines, told the Commission that coal dust will help or augment an explosion of fire-damp or gas was generally admitted, but he had failed to read of dust alone causing an explosion. When coming in contact with a naked light ventilate or remove the gas or dilute it with air, and we will not need to fear dust explosions. Old or abandoned workings should be sealed and proper pipes inserted in stoppings to allow the drainage of any gas that might accumulate; if not sealed should be ventilated. Where safety lamps are used powder should be fired by battery and the use of squibs or fuse prohibited. Reducing the current of air during the time of firing shots might allow an accumulation of gas which might for the time being be rendered inexplos- sive for want of proper mixture, but would be danr gerous when the air current was at its regular velocity, by bringing gas into contact with the miner's lamp. Would recommend the removal of dust as far as possible and watering the roads. Dividing the air currents into two or more separate splits greatly reduces the danger of explosions and the return air from each split being carried directly into the main return air-way, the gas generated in one portion of the mine does not pass into another and an explosion which might occur in one section would not damage another. Also if one portion of a mine gives off more than others a larger current will be required in order to dilute them and render them inexplosive; this could be done by the use of regulators. Splitting air current and the use of over-casts reduced number of trap doors. Velocity of air current should be tested by aerometer in the most remote working place. A fire-boss should not have more places than he can carefully -examine, and such examinations should occur as short a time as possible before the miners go to work. Dangerous causes exist to-day that did not formerly exist; mines are more extensive, coal is mined .at greater depth and distances, liberating more explosive gas; mining machinery with their dust and noise are used and trains of coal are run at a high rate of speed with electricity at from 250 to 500 volts through bare wires. With all these and other dangers there are less accidents than took place twenty vears ago. But fire-damp and coal dust while the miner's greatest foe are not productive of more than .48 per cent, of fatal accidents. Ignorant men-are introduced by the hundred to mine coal, nearly as ignorant as the animals that haul the coal from them, and their ignorance of English prevents their proper instruction. Witness had been connected with three explosions in British Columbia, two at Wei- THE MINING RECORD. lington and one: atj-Nanaimo ; that in Wellington in '84 was, in his opinion, caused by a fire-boss' who, having found gas in a heading worked by Mr. Fear, had allowed him to go in with a safety lamp in his hand and a naked light on his head. The disaster in January, 1888 in No. 5 Wellington, he believed, was caused by a Chinaman leaving a trap door open and allowing gas to accumulate inside. Witness believed that trades unions were a decided benefit to miners and owners. Mr. Thomas Russell, a mine manager with an experience of nearly thirty years, would ventilate mines so that the air would be as near as possible like that on the surface. Watering should be compulsory, and any dispute as to its necessity would leave to the inspector or arbitration. The inspector should have power to close down the mine if thought dangerous until dispute was settled. In mines giving off any gas black powder should be prohibited. A mine might be dusty with no gas present. Had made experiments with dust headed to a 150 degrees Fah. and always exploded in coming in contact with flamesi Considered dust worse than gas and the cause of many explosions. Too much attention has been taken to gas while dust has been neglected. Comparing with the flame from a shot from a cannon, the witness gave the result of experiments approximating" a blown-out hole with different explosives; in some cases the flame extended 60 feet and a per cent, of gas in the air always ignited. Legislation prohibiting tamping with coal should be passed to guard against the action of careless men. All explosives should have government inspection and marking and firemen should have a lamp with re-lighting apparatus or carry two lamps. Firemen probably carried matches; the place for a man who carried matches in a mine was in jail. Where air in the return shown one and a half per cent, of gas even in the main intake, no electrical apparatus should be permitted. Old workings should be walled off. High velocity of air should be considered dangerous. Two shifts, with sufficient time for cooling, could be worked without particular danger. The Germans had a theory that a mine was safe if air was increased in ratio to the amount of coal hoisted. The mining law should provide that some men with each shift should be familiar with the geography of the mine, and all should br able to "read and write English. Would exclude without exception men of every nationality who could not read the special rules and understand orders given them. Three hours should be the outside limit between examination and men going in. It should be compulsory that every one examining should make a report, including the inspector, and that he should examine report books of mines. Government shouM supply inspectors with gas tester to test air in return at least once a month. The furnishing of permitted powders to miners at cost "by the Government, he thought was a political question and would not add to safety. Overmen and managers should have five years' experience underground and examination not too theoretical. The certificates of all alike should be cancelled for certain offences. Encouraged miners to examine mines; it added largely to safety. Here there was examination and reports monthly. While at Union it was only once taken advantage of; there was no union there nor agent; organization meant safety. The coming into force of the Workmen's Compensation Act would lessen the danger in mines, would make discipline better and the management would be more accurate in rigid discipline; as far as witness knew, discipline was as good here as in England. Referring to some remarks which had fallen from Mr. Hawthornthwaite, the witness stated that they were very unfair. Mr. Dunsmuir had never given him any indication that he wanted to restrict expenses at the expense of the safety of the mine, and he considered such statements without truth, foolish and unfair. After a statement from Mr. Morgan, inspector of mines, as to the discharge of two miners from Wellington mine who had reported violations to him, in which it appeared they had addressed a letter to him to show to the management as they were going to leave, the Commissioners declared the sittings of the Commission closed. SAFETY LAMPS AND COLLIERY EXPLOSIONS.* (By William Blakemore, Montreal.) THERE can be no doubt that the subject of safety lamps is of the greatest importance in connection with coal mining; possibly of greater importance than the regulation of blasting, with which it divides the attention and interest of mining men. The result of thirty years' experience, during which time I have tested every safety lamp which has been put on the market, leads me to the conclusion that the best result which can be obtained is only a certain percentage of safety, and of the lamps which approximate the closest to this standard I would specify the improved Hepplewhite Gray for testing processes, and the Mueseler. The former will, in my judgment, detect the presence of a smaller percentage of fire damp in the air than any other lamp, certainly than any other oil and wick lamp; and as long as this is the method of illumination I do not see how it is possible to construct a lamp mechanically more perfect than this. The fact that the only inlet is by way of the vertical tubes which admit air and gas at the top of the lamp and deliver them direct to the flame seems to me to give the maximum efficiency in this particular. I commenced to use the Hepplewhite Gray for testing purposes when it was first invented, and have continued its use ever since; the only objection which has developed with experience _ is its liability to become extinguished by a sudden jerk, but this is a defect which it has in common with the best lamps, and can hardly be considered an element of danger. I have always found the finger- holes and slides upon the tubes of great value for testing purposes, and the proper manipulation of ^Proceedings Canadian Mi Institute. THE MINING RECORD. 381 these renders the lamp as sensitive as can reasonably be expected for practical purposes. With reference to the Mueseler, this lamp, when bonnetted, is as efficient and safe as any lamp with which I am acquaited for ordinary working purposes, and if used in combination with the more delicate lamp above referred to, furnishes a combination which I think meets the requirements of the case. I am aware that the Wolf lamp is largely used in Pennsylvania and is growing in favor; it is a good lamp, but possesses one drawback which I consider fatal to all lamps of this class, viz., that it burns ben- zoline oil. The presence of a volatile oil in connection with a safety lamp is an added source of danger and will not long be tolerated in mines. I agree with Mr. Ashworth's remarks that the safety of a lamp is dependent, not upon ordinary conditions prevalent in a mine, but upon its ability to resist exceptional conditions which may be instantaneously produced, and this point must never be lost sight of, because the exceptionally dangerous condition may be produced at any moment and without the slightest warning. This is why all such lamps as the Clanny must be resolutely condemned, because although they may be perfectly safe under the normal conditions prevailing in a mine they become unsafe and highly dangerous in the presence of a sudden outburst of gas, an acceleration in the velocity of the air current, or the presence of a large quantity of coal dust. As reference has been made in Mr. Ashworth's paper to the Fernie explosion I may be permitted to say that in my judgment the preponderance of the evidence adduced at the inquest pointed to the Clanny lamp as the undoubted origin of the. explosion. This lamp was being used in immediate proximity to a feeder of gas, and at a point where, according to the evidence of the chief mine superintendent, the velocity of the air current was ten feet a second. After the explosion a lamp was found within a few feet of this feeder completely shattered, and although of course there can be no direct evidence on the point, the conjunction of all the elements necessary to produce an explosion rendered the matter one of easy natural deduction, especially as it was proven that the air was heavily charged with dry coal dust at this point The behaviour of different lamps in a mixture of coal dust and air will undoubtedly form a subject for careful investigation, as hitherto the experiments made with coal dust have been more or less confined to testing its behaviour in the face of explosives; it may however, be interesting to mention that in connection with the Fernie explosion one of the most experienced miners, Angus Ferguson, stated that he had frequently, when carrying a bonnetted Llanny the works along the main haulage road where there coal dust is relatively more dangerous in a mine fire damp. than in was (By Mr. W. D. JL. Hardie, Letbbridge, Atla.) During many years' practical experience in bituminous coal mines; both in America and Europe, I have paid much attention to modes of working and the dangerous elements that enter into the practice of coal mining. I have found in nearly all, if not every one of the superior coking coals, which lie comparatively flat and not much faulted, whether marsh gas be present or not that the dust has.a more or less marked "greasy feel," indicating that in addition to the carbon there must be some of the heavy hydrocarbons of the paraffin series present in the volatile matter. When such a seam gives off fire-damp the damp is very likely to be "sharp," indicating that hydrogen, as well as the heavy hydro-carbons, is likely a constituent of the fire-damp. Under these conditions, which, I think, from personal examination, hold goOd at Fernie, B.C., the inflammable point of the explosive gas given off is very much lower than that of ordinary fire-damp. Under such conditions the explosive point is reached with a less percentage of gas, and of course the quantity of the gas to give the maximum explosive force will also be much less in the explosive mixture. If the Fernie coal dust carries a small percentage of heavy hydro-carbons or free hydrogen, it can be readily imagined how easily the dust could be raised to an incandescent heat and the hydro-carbons distilled in quantities large enough to cause an explosion of any magnitude, if plenty of coal dust has been deposited in the mine, having its initial cause in the ignition of a small quantity of gas, or from many other causes, even if explosive gases were not present in such quantities as could be detected with ordinary, or even improved safety lamps. By improved safety lamps I do not meant those specially designed for delicate work. Under these circumstances it is of the utmost importance that the smallest percentage of gas should be detected, but it is just of as much importance that all the other dangers should be known and cared for. For years I have used the Ashworth-Hepplewhite- Gray lamp in several forms, including Clow's hydrogen flame, the Pieter lamp without and with Gar- forth's rubber ball, and Shaw's gas-testing machine, with singularly good results. To the use of these appliances and a fairly good knowledge of gases, and a good grasp of "the hydro-carbon in coal dust" theory I attribute my success, in over twenty years' practical experience, in avoiding accidents in some of the most gaseous, dry and dusty mines on this ' continent. In one colliery which exploded before I took charge I had t'he greatest difficulty for a long time in instilling into the officials' minds the great necessity of getting a complete knowledge of "the hydro-carbon in coal dust" theory, but was successful in avoiding accidents while I remained there| Since then there have been several minor explosions, v i= heavy coal dust but no gas, found the coal dust accumulate upon the lamp, and on shaking it shghtty to get rid of the same a dull red flame would fid the lanip The next question to solve would be—at what point this flame would connect with the outside of ■vWHHliN % m wammBsmm io° -■da,ing mines, because the conditions referred to prevail in so many. My concluding remark must be an endorsation of Prof Galloway's observation in his report on the explosion at the 'Universal Colliery, viz.: that recent occurrences lead to the irresistible conclusion that not more than six months back. I do not think that the coal dust theory j should ever be lost sight of in mines where the volatile constituents form any considerable percentage of the analyses. In anthracite mining the problem is not so difficult: in such seams the danger is mostly, if 382 THE MINING RECORD. not altogether, marsh gas. The South Wilkes-Barre Colliery, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., is perhaps the most fiery colliery in the United States, as much as three and four per cent, of fire-damp being detected almost constantly in the fan drift by the Shaw gas tester, but there the problem is not a particularly difficult one, because there is no dangerous coal dust, no element not well understood. By far the largest number of explosions on the American continent take place in dry and dusty bituminous coal mines, some of which gave off firedamp, while in others that have exploded never a sign of fire-damp has been seen on a safety lamp, yet the lives lost in each of these mines count up in hundreds. In many of them I am sceptical as to whether there was any gas given off. I trudged round the East mine of the South-west Virginia Improvement Co., Pocahontas, Va., and worked at the coal for over six months after the explosion there, in the vain hope that I would be able to find something that would indicate that there was some marsh gas present, but I never saw it. In the presence of several officials of the company and Andrew Roy, then the chief mine inspector of Ohio, I fired a heavy shot in a wide room where the coal was mined at least five feet deep. After such a shot a long tongue of red flame invariably shot out from twenty to thirty feet, and if the coal came down, flame at white heat played around behind the coal, in many cases dying out gradually, the last small flame presenting the blue cap. This only supported my idea of the distillation of the hydro-carbons in the coal dust. I have seen the same phenomena in most seams of a good coking quality. If marsh gas be present, forming a mechanical mixture with air, the phenomena will be intensified. From the foregoing remarks it will be seen that I am not one of those who believe that it is necessary to have a percentage of marsh gas present before we can have a "coal dust explosion." But woe will surely betide the manager who has both coal dust and gas present if he does not carefully take care of both with the most advanced knowledge of the day. I would not think of being in charge of any dry and dustv mine without endeavouring to detect explosive gas with the most improved safety lamp or other detector known to the mining fraternity, even if in my mind I thought there was no possibility of gas being present: one can never tell. Even if it be admitted that gas must be present before a "coal dust explosion" can take place, "the -enquiry into the Seaham disaster in 1880 showed that the presence of two and one-half per cent, of firedamp in a dry and dusty mine created an atmosphere which would in the presence of a blown-out shot, over-powdered shot, or a badly placed shot, bring about a fearful disaster." There are not so very many who can detect even three per cent, of firedamp with the ordinary safety lamp. Of course there are lots who think they can, but can they? Where gas, coal dust, or both are present in a mine ■it is the duty of the manager to know all that is know- able about the dangers connected with the same so •that he may do the best to protect the lives of the .men intrusted to his guidance and protect the com- .pany's valuable property from damage or destruction. It is a well known fact that increased temperatur-j -reduces the temperature of ignition and that a low barometer reduces the violence of a gas explosion, but these are factors of small moment where coal dust is one of the elements when looking into the mechanical effect of an explosion; but in the case of gas detection, increase in temperature and reduction of temperature (low barometer) may be of considerable importance. Another point, I will mention in passing, is that the effect of coal dust on the flame of a testing lamp is not generally given the consideration it should have by the fire bosses and other officials in dry and dusty mines, on this continent. Here is another opportunity for the distillation of explosive gases on which I have laid so much stress. Coal dust in contact with the flame of a testing lamp is a condition that might well be made the subject of a scientific paper. Coal dust in the meshes of the gauze of an ordinary safety lamp becomes incandescent almost instantly and passes the flame to the mixture outside of the lamp. Mr. Ashworth's lamp is simply an improvement on' the Gray lamp, which had the good fortune to be highly recommended by the Royal Commission, and there is no doubt but it is a good lamp; however, it has not passed through its course without considerable objection being raised to it by many able mining engineers and mine .managers in Great Britain. As recently as the years 1892-3 Mr. Stokes and Messrs. Ashworth and Clowes had considerable controversy, as to the relative merits of the Stokes and the Ashworth lamps. From the discussion that followed I gathered that both lamps had about an equal number of supporters, but all seemed to be unanimously of the opinion that both lamps were good and capable of detecting' equally small percentages of gas, but the Stokes lamp had the advantage of using alcohol instead of hydrogen gas used in the Ashworth lamp then under discussion. Both lamps use oil for testing for over two and one-half per cent, of gas. Mr. Ashworth in his paper does not discuss the percentage of gas his lamp will detect, but satisfied himself with saying that "it will detect more readily and with greater certainty the presence of the blue cap. than any Davy lamp which was ever made." This is definite, but not very informative, and presupposes a knowledge not had by all who will read his paper. Mr. Ashworth's paper is a valuable one; if it will induce the mine managers and mining engineers in . Canada and the United States to give safety lamps and other subjects in coal mining the thought they deserve, by giving the chase for cheap coal just a little less attention, it shall have served a good purpose. MINING IN THE YUKON. A CORRESPONDENT writes that shipments of boilers and steam plant from the Coast cities has now reached the large aggregate valuation of approximately five million dollars. The machinery is used in the process of thawing the frozen gold charged gravels, and hoisting, transferring and handling the precious earth. While one part of this immense equipment is engaged in the7 winter work extensively, another large portion is used only in summer. But there is still another classification to be added, namely those machines which work both summer and winter. It is probable that 1,000 to 1,500, and may be more, steam plants are in use in the Yukon alone. THE MINING RECORD. Exact figures are not obtainable, but figures secured by special request from the quarterly reports of the mining inspectors to the Gold Commissioner show that the Bonanza District, which includes Bonanza and Eldorado Creeks and all their rich hills and gulches, lead the others in the number of steam plants used, claims operated and men employed. The Hunker District, including Gold Bottom, Last Chance, and all the tributaries, is second; Dominion is a good third; Gold Run fourth; and Sulphur fifth. After these come the more distant mining districts of Stewart, Clear, Forty Mile, Hootalinqua and Eureka, each ranking in the order given. The total number of men engaged in all these mining districts last winter was 6,200, working on 1,38.0 claims. A total of 598 steam plants were then .it work. During the months of April, May and June, which may be said to constitute the most active season of the year because of the clean-up when the winter dumps are washed, the five largest districts alone had as many men engaged in mining as all in the country, combined during the winter, while at the same time 140 fewer claims were operated. While all these figures, gathered from reports, are not exhaustive, complete, nor satisfying in respect to showing how many men are pursuing mining and prospecting in the Yukon, they are an aid in the way of gathering the relative strength of the districts included, and of getting some idea of the number of steam plants engaged in each locality at different seasons of the year. During the summer, scores, if not hundreds, of new plants have been installed, and several new streams have come to the front, none of which is included in this review. No doubt they will take prominent parts in future reports. Duncan, on the Stewart, for instance, had but a handful of men last winter, but this winter will have from 400 to 500. Boucher, discovered only last July, has perhaps 100 men. Men and plants engaged arid claims operated in the different districts, as covered by the two last quarterly reports, now complete, are shown in statistical form as follows, the first table being for January, February and March:— Number of Claims Steam District. • Men. Operated. Plunts Hunker ?M 2fe jg IffB&f:::::: ::::::"Ss 1 Dominion 825 2l$ ll* fe* 2J % Non'f Stewart , ' • ? Clear Creek 2IS 33 3 Forty Mile 95 52 a Hootalinqua °5 is Eureka •• 35 19 _3 Totals 6,166 i',38i 598 For April, May and June: Bonanza 3,0*5 495 3*6 Hunker M95 335 4« Dominion f° 2§ fQ Gold Run 515 88 49 Sulphur •■ l85 74 37 Totals 6'120 r'2S7 7°° RECENT PATENTS OF MINING APPLIANCES MR. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, patent attorney, Vancouver, kindly sends us the following report, as jbeing representative of the most recent improvements in the work of ore recovery and reduction: Stamp mill, No. 76,957, C. E. Billin, Chicago.— 1. In a stamp mill, the combination with a frame, a stamp and mortar carrying a die, means to adjust the mortar comprising faced wedge blocks having a right and left screw rod, and connections between the frame and rod. 2. In a stamp mill the combination with a frame, a reciprocating stamp, a mortar having a die, a wedge supporting the mortar, means to operate the wedge to adjust the mortar, and links connecting the wedge and frame to centre the former in the latter. 3. In a stamp mill, the combination with a frame, a stamp reciprocating therein, a mortar carrying a j die in alignment with the stamp, a wedge supporting the mortar and comprising a pair of blocks having oppositely inclined contacting faces, a tapped rod pivoted in each block, a reversely threaded screw rod engaging the tapped rods, and a pair of links pivoted to the frame and connected to a screw rod. Treatment of telluride gold ores, U. S. No. 709,- °37, W. Pethybridge, London Enlgland:— 1. A process for the decomposition of ores containing telluride of gold, consisting in reducing the ore to a finely divided state then exposing it to the action of a solution of ferric chloride of a specific density of about 1.18 and containing the treatment until the tellurium is in solution. 2. In the decomposition of ores containing telluride of gold, the process of reducing the ore to a finely divided state and then exposing it to the action of a solution of ferric chloride alone to attack the tellurium. 3. In the decomposition of ores containing telluride of gold, the process of reducing the ore to a finely divided state and then exposing it to the action of a heated and agitated solution of ferric chloride alone to attack the tellurium. 4. In the decomposition of ores containing telluride of gold together with iron, the process of reducing THE MINING RECORD. in Australia to come to Canada, being appointed, on the recommendation of Sir William Logan, to be his successor as Director of the Geological Survey. He remained in active discharge of his duties until January, 1895, when he retired on a pension. The deceased was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London; a Fellow of the Royal Improvement Society of Germany; -Geological Society, London; and a dozen other scientific organizations. the ore to a finely divided state, treating it with hydrochloric acid and water to form ferric chloride in solution, and then decomposing the telluride of gold by means of such ferric chloride. Patents issued to British Columbia inventors this month are as follows: S. Erb, Chemainus, U. S. patent on a log carriage offset. This device is an attachment to a heavy log saw carriage and is designed to throw the log from the face of the saw during the backward run of the carriage. The patent has been taken up and is being manufactured by the William Hamilton Manufacturing Co., and has been running RECENT MINING PROGRESS AT ROSSLAND in the Chemainus mills for some time now with every satisfaction (From our own Correspondent.) J. Kellington, New Westminster, on a machine for nr1 HE LeRoi profits for the five months—May to depositing a measured quantity of salt in cans of meat 1 September, both inclusive— make a remark- or fish. This is a very simple machine yet does its ably good showing. That the mine can do still work m an accurate and rapid manner, the progress better is reasonably sure, as although the costs of of each can throughthe machine operating the mech- production, including mining, freight and treatment, anism which fills the measure and empties it into the haye been steadily iowered, the scarcity and price of can' coke and the continued depression in our copper The same inventor has received also a patent on his market has reduced the total net earnings. For the machine for washing cans, which is also characterized months mentioned the net profits of the mine and by simplicity and directness of operation. Both these smelter amount to nearly $420,000 and as this is at inventions are controlled by Messrs. Ewen & Co., the rate of over a million of dollars per annum, divi- canners, of New Westminster. dends should be within reasonable distance, notwith- Messrs. Letson & Burpee, Vancouver, have receiv- standing the disadvantages referred to. ed a U. S. patent on a door for closing a retort. This -r* t^n-,™* ~„a „,*+. ^^.cu,, IH ±u c ' H y. 1 -n 1 r 1 • 1 -tne tonnage and net profits for the five months are patent is on improvements on the Koss door, ot which Im&mz ^>^^a..„;„~ 1 4.1, £ ii m ■ , \ . - ,.F . . , . < i . I ' . worth reproducing and as the figures are all official, this firm are the assignees, in which the internal pres- Sllll „ u r , , ° ' , , r. \ their accuracy can be relied upon:— -sure is made use of to keep the door steam-tight against its seat. Month. Tonnage. . Net Profits. | I May 13.047 $66,932 June- 14,828 94.302 THE LATE DR. SELWYN. TuI3' 16,170 108.348 Aug«st 18,578 79.487 We regret to learn of the death, which occurred in September 15,665 65.000 Vancouver on October 24th, of Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn, n^. 111111 c c 1 n*- -.* , rn/rr tt n udc n c^i u ■ u- the net profits for September are Mr. Mackenzie's C.M.G.,EE.D.,b.R.S. Dr. Selwyn, who was in his „,,- ofo A , f, . ' • , .7 • 3 . ■ ,. , m estimate. As, however the estimate in the preceding seventy-eighth year, was an eminent scientist, and for m%m ry^^„i.Ur. u ■ ■ H t. f, , s 3 & ■ a ^ 1 1 a- I ( 1 r four months has invariably been considerably lower mam^ years occupied the post of director of the Geo- +t, +i ^ mm • .. . , r . J ^§s| '1 • ic tr a tj u I xr-i • than the real earnings, it is only fair to presume that logical Survey of Canada. He was born at Kilmmg- .< q. . _, °Ci -,11 , 4. c +■ -n- a 4-u t 4.u 1 4. -d & the September profits will closely approximate ton, Somerset, Eng., and was the son of the late Rev. «70 oon Townshend Selwyn, Canon of Gloucester Cathedral. ' He was instructed at home under private tutors and Roughly about ten per cent, of the tonnage comes was afterwards sent to Switzerland to complete his [™m the old second-class dump and the balance from education. His inclination being toward the study Of natural science, he was allowed every opportunity to In March and April the output reached the maxi- gratify his desire. Dr. Selwyn's first appointment was mum, 24,528 and 25,593 tons having been shipped to the staff of the survey of Great Britain as an assist- from the mine during these two months, and the ant geologist. He remained in that position until average assay values were respectively $9.92 and 1852, when he was chosen by the Secretary of State $10.25. Since then the values per ton of ore shipped for the Colonies to assume the duties of Director have appreciated, the returns for the four following of the Geological Survey of Victoria, Australia. He months being $15.86, $17.70, $17.67 and $15.00 per remained in Australasia for seventeen years, and be- ton. On account of the difficult in obtaining a regu- fore returning to England undertook, in addition to lar supply of coke the smelter has /6nly had two fur- his regular work in Victoria, special examinations naces in operation for some time, and for a period of the Tasmanian and South Australian coal and gold the entire plant was closed down. Under the circum- fields. Dr. Selwyn was appointed one of the Com- stances the showing is a remarkably good one and missioners of the Victoria mines in 1856, and member must be highly satisfactory to the shareholders, as of many other investigating boards during the next well as to the Bank of Montreal, which has so stead- ten years thereafter. In 1869 he resigned his position firstly stood by the mine. THE MINING RECORD 385 The main shaft of the Le Roi was down 1,320 feet one the 1st of September and at the present time the 1,400-foot level has been passed. So far as known the lower levels of the mine have been rather disappointing, but it has been semi-officially stated that there is sufficient ore in sight at the present time to last the mine for at least a year supposing no further discoveries were made in that time, and Mr. Mackenzie has alluded to the uncovering of at least two bodies of high-grade ore during the past summer which has resulted in the marked increase of ore In sight of this class. The latest returns from Le Roi No. 2 gives the estimated net profits for September at $10,000, and in view of the satisfactory returns announced for previous months the declaration of another dividend by the company is probable, provided the last dividend was paid out of earnings in hand and was not anticipated. Mr. Kirby's experiments in the concentration of War Eagle and Centre Star ore at the silica works are being watched with unusual interest by mining men generally. It is understood that the mine manager satisfied himself last spring that the plan he is now carrying out experimentally was entirely satisfactory and he personally desired to put up a 500-ton concentrator during the summer, but it is said that his directors having in mind doubtless the troubles that were encountered during the past, insisted that the plan should first be tested on a small commercial scale, and as a result the silica works were acquired. It is stated quite positively that Mr. Kirby has no doubt about the success of his concentration scheme and that beyond all question a 500-ton plant will be built early next spring. The details of the process have not been given out, but oil is not used, and the process is said to be a combination of several water concentration schemes already well known and in use in the mining world. The shipments from the War Eagle and Centre Star have kept up steadily all month six days a week and the minimum of 450 tons per day from the combined mines, as promised by Mr. Kirby, is being exceeded. The announcement has been made that the properties would shortly send down to Trail a combined output of 24,000 tons per month, but up to the present time only about half that amount has been attempted. Judging from Eastern stock quotations the public are watching for further information, and as practically nothing has been given out since the last general meeting of shareholders no one on the outside has any idea of the real condition of either properties. The main shaft of the War Eagle reached a depth of 1,580 feet in February and the exploration of the lower levels was then commenced and has continued up to the present time. The public will, however, receive no further information until the annual meeting in January next, when presumably some details will be forthcoming both about the mines, and the concentration scheme which promises to accomplish so much for the camp. The Giant has been a steady shipper to Trail all month and Hon. Mr. Mackintosh, the resident director, has announced that in November he hopes to be in a position to speak definitely about ore in sight, the erection of further plant, etc. Present indications are satisfactory and the outlook for this property is distinctly good. The Homestake, which has struggled so hard with the south belt problem, recently announced a sale of a large number of shares for non-payment of assessment dues and it is satisfactory to note that in almost every instance the shares were redeemed before the sale day was reached. The original sale day has been adjourned a month and the secretary states that before that time all the shares will be redeemed. Preparations to resume work are now in progress, and by the 1st of November the compressor will be in active operation once more. The White Bear and the Green Mountain mines are being steadily developed, but no announcement as to results attained has been so far made. It is understood, however, that in the case of the Green Mountain the development of the ledges located by the diamond drill has turned out very fairly satisfactory. Among the many mining men well known here in the earlier days of the camp who visited Rossland this month were M. R. Galusha and "Jim" Wurllner, of boom fame. Mr. Galusha stated, that work on the Jumbo property would be commenced, but fixed no date. Nothing further has been said about the recent discovery of fairly high grade ore in the Kootenay mines referred to by Manager Bernard Macdonald in his cable to the directors last month. Development work is going on steadily in the Kootenay and in the Rossland Great Western, but no late discoveries of importance have been announced. The new manager of the Velvet mine, Mr. Gray, has sent some encouraging cables to England as to the progress attained and as to the values of the shipments made of late. The difficulties encountered in obtaining proper shipping facilities will have to- be overcome before the Velvet's output is on a commercial basis. The Iron Mask and the I. X. L., both of which promised so. well, remain idle and no one seems to know why or what the owners intend to do. An exhaustive expert examination of the Iron Mask was mfide last spring but the details were not made public. Nothing further has been heard of the Elmore oil process of concentration since the English agent returned home and no details have been given out as to the results of the rather large shipments sent to the Old Country to be tested from the Le Roi, Le Roi No. 2 and other mines. Notwithstanding this, how- ' ever, it is well known that all the mine managers are figuring on concentration and it is certain to prove an important factor in the camp's production in the near future. Four ore trains now leave Rossland every working day and the normal weekly output is close to 8,000 tons. The camp is still feeling the effect of the close- 386 THE MINING RECORD. down last year, but business is very fairly good. The monthly pay roll is now nearly $100,000 with every prospect of a steady increase week by week. Notwithstanding the creditable showing made by the Le Roi mine for the past five months the stock has remained weak on the London market. The manager, Mr. Mackenzie, meanwhile positively asserts that the property is not being "gophered." That the output is a representative one and that so far as he is concerned there is absolutely nothing in the situation to warrant the depreciation of the stock. To understand the attempted manipulation, it is necessary to recall the attack on the Le Roi last spring, at the general meeting of shareholders, when a strong effort was made to force the amalgamation of Le Roi and Le Roi No. 2 on a very favourable basis for the latter. The attempt failed as did the move to reinstate Mr. Bernard Macdonald as general manager. It very nearly, however, succeeded and those responsible for the scheme have since done their best to boom Le Roi No. 2 and "bear" Le Roi. Lately the Lfe Roi people have taken a more active part in the fight and it is current gossip in Rossland that Mr. J. H. Mackenzie will shortly assume the control of all the original Whittaker Wright flotations in Rosslandr comprising Le Roi No. 2, Rossland Great Western and the Kootenay Mines. Mr. Mackenzie states that he is ignorant of the move, if there is one, but declines to contradict the statement or to be quoted as doing so. At present there are strong indications that Mr. William Thompson and Mr. Macdonald will shortly retire from the positions they hold here in favour of Mr. Mackenzie. MINING IN THE KOOTENAYS. (By a Special Correspondent.) NELSON District.—Shipments from this district show a fair increase and the outlook is, on the whole, promising. Very satisfactory reports have been received of development at the Silver Glance mine. Four cars of ore were recently shipped to the smelter at Everett, netting the owners a profit of about $12,000. Work on the government waggon road up Porcupine Creek is progressing rapidly, the upper end being in the neighbourhood of the Union Jack mine. As soon as the road is available for traffic, the machinery and building material for the Union Jack electric plant will be hauled up. A force of men is now at work on the flume and on the construction of the dam and power house. Good progress is being made with the tramway to connect the Venus with the Athabasca mill, and the indications are that it will be ready for operation by the middle of next month. Meanwhile preparations are being, made at the mine and it is hoped the full capacity of the mill will be taxed, so soon as transportation facilities are provided. The Chicago National Development Company is pushing forward development work on the Carthage group, on the north fork of Wild Horse Creek, and two tunnels have been run on the vein, a distance of 488 and 135 feet respectively. Work is now being directed to crosscutting the vein at a much lower level, and a third tunnel is being driven for that purpose, being now in about seventy feet. A fine strike has been made on the Double Standard claim adjoining the Hun-, ter V. mine. A considerable body of ore has been discovered near the.surface rich in native silver. Kaslo and Slocan.—The proposals made by Minneapolis capitalists recently and which at the time attracted so much attention, have as yet not materialized. The option the syndicate had secured has been allowed to lapse. However, the general opinion is that the projects in view will be in abeyance for a short time only. The Monitor has so far this year shipped 1,000 tons of ore running 127 ozs. silver and $9 in gold, or an average of $70 per ton. It has about thirty men on its pay-roll. It is turning out one of the best paying mines in the Slocan. Ainsworth.—Reported discoveries of valuable iron deposits in the vicinity of Crawford Bay on Kootenay Lake, have been rather frequent df late. The past week two prospectors located a claim and state that the lead is 100 feet wide and the ore on the surface is 30 per cent. iron. The strike of the lead is north and south, which is different from, the hematite iron leads discovered to the southward of Crawford Bay, which run east and west. Boundary.—Work has been resumed at the B.C. at Eholt with a force erf 70 men. An average daily shipment of 140 tons of ore is now made to the Boundary Falls smelter. Mr. W. Work Slater, a director of the Jewel Gold Mines, Limited, is hopeful that a contract will be closed for shipping 20,000 to 30,000 tons. The Jewel has been idle for some time, but it is too good a mine to be allowed to remain unworked. The Lardeau.—The Calumet and British Columbia, Gold Mines, Limited, which was largely promoted by Messrs. Rosenberger and Musselman, of Nelson, was recently floated to acquire and work the Eva mine in this district. The capital of the company is $500,000, divided into shares of one dollar each, and a first issue of 100,000 shares was, it is said, over-subscribed, as was also a second allotment of the same number of shares which were offered at a 100 per cent, premium. The Eva is thought to be a very promising mine and is now developed by 2,000 feet of tunnelling and shaft work. The new company has purchased from the Camborne Townsite Company ten acres of land on Pool Creek, on which to erect stamp mills and power plant. A tramway is also to be built from Pool Creek to the mine. The Nettie L. is about ready to commence operations. The company has recently installed a compressor plant and has also let a contract for 1,100 cords of wood to be delivered at the mine this winter. Mr. A. C. Garde, manager of the Payne mine, has taken an option on the Linsay and Knob Hill groups of mineral claims on Canyon Creek, in the Trout Lake district. A force of men will be immediately put to work and shipments will most likely commence at an early date. The bonds call for payments of $30,000 and $15,000 respectively. The properties were owned by Messrs. P. A. Lin- gren and Erickson. It is reported that the owners^ of the Lucky Jack group, on Lexington Mountain, have given an option on their property for $90,000. This should add another good property to the roll of those working on this gold belt. A rich free gold strike was recently made on the Beatrice mine, at a deeper point than the previous workings. The vein just found is from 10 to 15 feet wide and carries exceptionally good values. The recent discovery made on the Rossland-Criterion, owned and operated by the Ophir- Lade Syndicate, and the strike on the Beatrice, are additional evidences of the richness oif the mines in this locality. The Similkameen, Camp Hedley.—The owners of the Nickel Plate mine and group of mineral claims are proceeding with the construction of a tramway and water flume preparatory to installing a 60-stamp mill and concentrating .plant. This mine and the several neighbouring mineral claims forming the group are situate on Nickel Plate Mountain, which lies toward the head and on the east watershed of Twenty-Mile Creek, a tributary of the Similkameen River. The mountain reaches an altitude of about 7,000 feet and it is pretty well covered with mineral locations, but little important development work has been done outside of that on the Nickel Plate group, the owners of which are understood to be Mr. M. K. Rodgers, of Seattle, who is the manager of the mine; Mr. John R. Toole, of Montana, and the estate of the late Marcus Daly. The Provincial mineralogist, who visited the property last year, thus refers to it in the published annual report for 1901 of the Mininster of Mines of British Columbia; "Nickel Plate Camp may be put down as a gold comp, for, although some copper is found, the chief value lies in the gold, which seems to be associated with arsenopyrites, and does not appear to be found to any extent with the iron pyrites in the absence of arsenic. The rock formation of the mountain, from-4. hasty examination, appears to be composed of very highly altered sediimentar- ies interspersed with planes of igneous rocks—andesites, etc., which are so exposed as to produce the appearance of being bedded. It would appear as though on this property the ore body consisted of a highly silicified band or bed, now so much altered that its original character is obscured. The ore-bearing body on which the discovery was originally made outcrops on the face of the hill &t an altitude of 6,300 feet, striking nearly horizontally along the hillside and dipping THE MINING RECORD. 387 into it at an angle of about 17 degrees. It has a total width of about 40 feet, overlying a bed or sheet of apparently igneous rock, the mineralization being strongest near such contact. The minealization, which, to a certain extent, is disseminated throughout the ore-bearing body, is much more pronounced along lines of fissure in the body, and naturally varies in amount along such lines, so much so as to render sampling of the mine very indefinite. The mineralization consists olf iron pyrites with a considerable proportion of arsenopyrite, with which latter the high assay values obtained in this mine are associated. From selected samples assays of considerably over $100 per ton in gold have been obtained, but the ore as mined will not run nearly so high, probably not much over $20 per ton. This property has been developed by tunnels entirely, the configuration of the hill rendering such the best method, since, approximately, two feet of tunnel gain one foot in depth. For the past three years active development work has been carried on continuously with a> force of about 20 men. No ore has been shipped nor has any been taken from the property, but such as has been broken in the process of development has been stored in the mine ready for shipment or treatment when the proper facilities are afforded. Consequently no authentic data are available as to just what the ore as mined will run, but, as before stated, it is estimated in the neighbourhood of $20 per ton. A sample taken, representing roughly the assorted ore, gave on assay $56.80 in gold, 1.96 oz. in silver per ton and 2 per cent, copper, while another sample taken, of the lower grade ore, gave $8.80 in gold." From another source the following information has been obtained: The Nickel Plate ore is an arsenical iron, carrying gold, but singularly enough, there is free gold disseminated through the very middle of the .arsenical iron. It is an extraordinary formation- A number of mining men have examined the ore, and, although a little puzzled, they are none the less well pleased with the outlook. From 10 to 40 per cent, of the total values can, it is estimated, be saved on the plates after the ore is milled. The remainder of the gold is held in the arsenical ore. It is easily concentrated, however, at a ratio of 10 or 11 to i> and it will make a high grade product which can be shipped to the smelters. The property was bought about three years ago by the late Marcus Daly on the advice of Mr. Rodgers, who was then in his employ as a mining engineer. About $60,000 was paid for it. Since then money spent in development and the purchase of neighbouring mineral claims has brought the expenditure up to about $400,000. The new mill and other improvement planned will, when completed, make the investment here show a total of $600,000 to $700,000. T COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. THE NEW FAIRVIEW CORPORATION. HE superintendent has submitted the following report: In my former report I made the following recommendations: 1st. That a flume and pipe line be constructed from Reed Creek, a distance of two and three-quarter miles. 2nd. That an electric light plant be installed. 3rd. That the milling capacity be increased by the addition of more stamps. 4th. That a small plant for the treatment of the concentrates by cyanide be erected. 5th. That the development work be kept well advanced to ensure a large ore supply. Construction.—Twenty additional stamps were purchased and added to those already installed. Ten Ostenburg tables, for the separation and concentration of the sulphurets, have been made, and are giving complete satisfaction. The small cyanide plant was erected, and has proved an unqualified success. The flume and pipe line was constructed, and is working satisfactorily, and on the receipt of the Pelton wheel, already shipper from San Francisco, and the last consignment of pipe, which has been delayed through strikes, but which we are advised, will be shipped immediately, we shall connect it, and thus be able to save a considerable amount in steam costs by its use. A first class electric light plant has been installed, and is now in operation, furnishing light for mine, mill and other buildings in connection with the works. Development.—The development work done since my last report was issued is very extensive, and proves that our former estimate of ore reserves was safe and conservative. We now extract the ore by what is called the pillar and arch system (the method used in many of the large mines of Lake Superior, as well as in Montana and Alaska), which can only be utilized with very large ore bodies. We are thus enabled •to extract the ore, holding the walls by arches and pillars, using only a minimum of timber, and thus saving a great amount of money. This necessitates the extraction of the entire vein, with the exception of the supports, and as the work progresses we shall utilize the leaner portions of the vein for this purpose. This method reduces the general average value of the ore, as waste is included, but, as mentioned in former report, with large milling capacity, it will be found the most profitable manner of working, as sorting charges would be greater than the expense of milling. We now have about 6,000 tons of broken ore in the stopes, and have been able to keep the mill supplied, and increase the ore reserve, using only two and three drills. At the present time only one drill is employed on this work, the other being used opening up new ore reserves, constructing chutes, etc., in order to have large reserves for use when the •entire mill is in operation. As the development work in the third level was limited, it was impossible to extract much ore from that part of the mine until a raise and stope had been completed to the second level, as in the method employed, we utilize the broken ore from the mines to stand on to drill the holes above, thus saving the cost olf staging. One month ago the third level stope was completed, and since then we have milled 1,526 tons from this level. We found on reaching the second level that the ore which we had worked above was the middle portion of the vein, and that we still had fourteen feet of ore of a similar character to the third level ore above the second level, which was an agreeable surprise, as it increases our tonnage very considerably. Whether, the values of this large body of ore will continue as good as we have in the third level stope cannot be determined for some time. This discovery proves what we have always believed, that the values on the foot wall side of the vein are greater, and that the ore is of a different character. The ore taken from the second level, which i^ now proved to be the middle of the vein, is not free milling to any great extent, and contains a third of its value in silver, which can only be saved in the shape of sulphurets. On the third level (on the foot wall side) the value of the ore is on the average 85 per cent, gold and 15 per cent silver, and the gold is carried in a free state to a greater extent, thereby allowing its extraction on the plates and in the mortars, which saves the expense of further treatment. Values.—During the months of February, March and part of April the mill was closed, as the work outlined in our former report, viz., the reconstruction of the hoisting and compressor plant and buildings, placed that machinery out of service for the time mentioned. Part erf April and May the mill was worked on the dump ore which gave returns, as stated in former report of from $2 to $3 per ton. Since that time the mill has been treating the ore at the second level of the main vein and that from the north ledge proving the ore values from these parts of the mine to average about $3 per ton. One month ago we were able, as above mentioned, to take the ore from the lower level, and to accurately determine its exact milling value. We cleaned out the ore bins, mortars, etc., or the mill, and ran 14 stamps for two weeks entirely on the ore from the lower portion of the stope, with the following results: Value. 680 tons of ore from the foot wall side being milled. 168.40 ozs. bullion $1,63013 5 tons high grade sulphurets, value pr ton $211 00 1,055 00 50 tons low grade concentrates, 18 00 900 00 600 tons tailings " " 3 7° 2,220 00 Value per ton $8.53 $5,805 13 In addition to these values we lost about ten per cent, carried off in the slimes. On the first day of this test we found that the values could not be siaved by any mechanical means, and it was necessary to clean out a large hole on the Stemset claim., and store all of the tailings therein for future treatment by cyanide. As we found it necessary to do some timbering at the intersection of the two levels, which occupied a week, we then ran 454 tons from the second level. On the completion of the work mentioned, we returned to the third level ore, and ran 846 :ons to date, with the following result: 388 THE MINING RECORD. Value. Ore milled, 1,300 tons. *37/^2 ozs. bullion $i,S57 87 . 7 tons sulphurets, value $*45 00 1,015 00 60 tons low grade concentrates, value.. .. 15 95 967 00 1,100 tons tailings, value 2 80 3,080 00 Value per ton, $5.07, in addition to slime losses. $6,619 87 We have proved by these mill tests that the value of the ore is considerably higher in the lower level, gradually decreasing as height is gained. The first test came from the bottom part of the level. We have proved that the values at the third level in this stope are considerably higher than our estimate and that the portion taken in the upper levels is lower than our estimate. We have proved by our prospecting work that in the east end of the second level we have a large quantity of ore worth on the average $4 per ton where former sampling showed the poorest ore in the mine. We have also proved that we have a large quantity of ore above the second level of good values of which we had no former knowledge. We have proved that the use of larger screens, recommended in my last report, is of great advantage, and there is no doubt but that, with the full 46 stamps running, we shall be able to crush from 150 to 175 tons of ore per day. In this connection we also find that the larger screens cause less slimes, thus making a better cyaniding product. Mill.—In March an order was given to the Jenckes' Machine Co. for a carload of shoes and dies, which are made in Germany. These should have been delivered three months ago. We received them only last week, and in consequence had to hang up a portion of the mill for three months. This unavoidable delay caused us considerable loss, as we would have crushed 3,000 tons more ore in that time. In our first mill test we found that we could not, by the use of Frue vanners alone, make concentrates high enough in grade, to nett more than 60 per cent, of their value, as the freight and treatment charges are excessive. Therefore I constructed tables, which separate slimes from the sands and classify the concentrates, taking off a streak which contains the galena, carrying a high percentage of silver and fold, and bringing the shipping product to a value of from 150 to $900 per ton. The shipping and tieatment charges are no more on this grade than on the lower values, in fact, we now receive the lead values, which on the lower grade were not allowed, and now obtain, 90 per cent, of gross value. The second product, which we ran over Frue vanners and saved in the shape of low grade concentrates, was worth about $15 to $25 per ton, and was treated by the small cyanide plant, with which we made an extraction of 75 to 85 per cent, with a perfect precipitation. We expected to be able to run a considerable portion of the sand over with this mineral, and have but a small loss in tailings- We, however, found that when we treated ore from the third level especially, which was of higher grade, that fully a third of our values was being lost, as even the slimes contained values, ranging from $2 to $4 per ton. After many careful tests, we have concluded that nothing remains but to erect large cyanide tanks, and treat the whole product of the mill; as with the small plant now in use we have demonstrated that the whole of the tailings after leaving the tables, where the high grade sulphurets are extracted, can be run direct into these tanks and treated at a very low cost, which should leave handsome profits. We now have stored, for future treatment, sufficient value in these tailings and low grade concentrates to pay the cost of the erection of this plant, when they can be treated. We already have the foundation made for a cyanide plant with a capacity of 200 tons per day, and as quickly as possible shall make the tanks, etc. To avoid expenses and freight charges we do all of this work on the ground, manufacturing the lumber in our own mill at the mine, and practically doing all the work in connection therewith, thus saving at least 60 per cent, of costs. We cannot expect to have this large plant finished for at least three months, and I would recommend that only enough stamps be operated to crush the ore taken out in development until this is accomplished. We, however, have room is necessary to store 3,000 more tons- On the completion of the work now under way. with careful management, this property should pay very fair profits. GRANBY MINES. The annual meeting of the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Ltd., was held at Montreal on Oct. 7th. The annual report, which was read and adopted, was considered to be very satisfactory. Mr. S. H. C. Miner, the president, in an address to the shareholders, said that the company had had much to contend against during the year. The price of copper had been exceedingly low, having declined from 17 to nyi cents. Mr. Miner further explained that owing to the scarcity of coke, it was found impossible to operate over two out of the four furnaces at Grand Forks. In fact, it was only during the month of April that the four furnaces were in. operation. He further stated a year ago he had hoped at this annual meeting to announce a dividend to the shareholders, but unforseen events, already mentioned, have made this impossible. The mines were all in excellent condition. The members of last year's board were re-elected. B. C EXPLORATION SYNDICATE. The sixth annual general meeting of this company was held in, London on September 18th. The chairman stated that the home office expenses for the year had been reduced to £251, and that the directors had waived their fees. £11,000 had been expended in exploration work in British Columbia, £26,000 in the development of the Lucky Strike and Iron Mask mines at Kamloops, and some £16,000 on the Frederick Arm property. The chairman paid a very high tribute to the ability and integrity of the mine manager, Capt. Argall. The Iron Mask mine had been developed to the 500-foot level, and the workings from that point have been driven 344 feet on the lead, which has also been crosscut for 202 feet in other directions. He stated that the company had "a practically unlimited body of 5 per cent, copper ore" and were in a position to supply a 50-ton smelter with ore daily from the reserves for a year or a year and a half. The, report on the Frederick Arm mine was not satisfactory, although the company -has not abandoned the mine. ARLINGTON MINES, LIMITED. The annual meeting of the Arlington Mines, Limited, was held in Slocan during October. A financial statement covering the operations for the year was presented and adopted. The election of officers resulted in the old board being reappointed as follows: President, Mr. R. P. Rithet; secretary, Mr. John Lawson; managing director, Mr. J. Frank Collom; executive board, Messrs. R. P. Rithet, A. B. Williamson, John Lawson, Thomas Birney, W. A. Macdonald and J. Frank Collom. The ensuing year will be, it is thought, a memorable one for the company, as new works will be installed for the treatment of ores at the mine. PERSONAL NOTES. MR. REGINALD A DALY, formerly instructor in geographic geology in Harvard University, who was last year appointed geologist of the Canadian Commission co-operating with the United States Commission in locating the international boundary, left Rossland, British Columbia, on October 15th on his return to Ottawa, after having spent the season now closing in the field with the Boundary Commission party under Mr. W. F. O'Hara. Dr. Daly joined the Dominion Geological Survey in May, 1901,. and the following month left Ottawa for British Columbia. By the middle of July he had reached the camp of Mr. J. J. McArthur, D.L.S-, who in the spring had commenced operations at the western extremity of the boundary line. The summary report for 1901 of the Geological Survey Department'included an interesting report by Dr. Daly on the area covered that year. "This being an east and west belt of country 80 miles in length, parallel to, and limited on the south by the 49th parallel of latitude, with a breadth of 10 miles north of this line, and stretching from the Gulf of Georgia at Point Roberts to a meridian running about four miles east of Chilliwack Lake." This season Dr. Dalys field work has been along the boundary line east from the Okanagan River through the Boundary and West Kootenay districts of British Columbia. Mr. Byron C. Riblet, engineer, of Nelson, B.C., has returned to that city from Encampment, Wyoming, where for eight months he has been engaged in superintending the construction of an aerial tramway to connect the Ferris- Haggerty Copper Mining Company's important copper mine, situate in the Battle Lake district of Carbon County, Wyoming, with the smelter at Grand Encampment. This tramway is stated to have cost about $300,000 and to be 16 miles in length, crossing the Continental divide over a rather more than 11,000 feet in height. a summit sssa THE MINING RECORD. 389 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. THE Mineral Industry, its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and Other Countries to the end of 1901. Vol. X, supplementing Volumes 1 to IX. Founded by the late Richard P. Rothwell. Edited by Joseph Struthers, Ph.D. The "Engineering and Mining Journal" (Inc.), New York and London, 1902. Price $5.00. When Mr. Rothwell founded the "Mineral Industry' in 1892, he erected a lasting monument to himself. The mantle of Elijah has surely fallen upon Elisha, for Dr. Struthers, the present editor of this notable work, having formerly acted as assistant editor under Mr. Rothwell in the publication of Volumes VIII and IX, has certainly in Volume X well and fully carried out the original idea of the founder as regards the encyclopedic character of the information he supplies, and_ also in respect to the publication of absolutely reliable statistical data. The great value of the "Mineral Industry" which has now become indispensable to the mining engineer and metallurgist as a work of reference, lies in its not only "up-to-dateness" (to coin a phrase), but also in that it contains in a concise form information that could only be secured from official sources at the expense of a great deal of time and trouble. Again no improvement in metallurgical science or engineering practice *is allowed to pass without mention in its pages. In fact, it is both a history of the progress of the mining industry and a technical encyclopedia in one. The present volume contains nearly a thousand pages; the illustrations and diagrams are numerous and well produced; and as usual among the contributors are many of the leading specialists of both America and Europe. The Terlingua Quicksilver Deposits, Brewster County. Bulletin of the University of Texas. Bulletin No. 4, October, 1902. This Bulletin is one of a series published by the University of Texas Mineral Survey and deals with the quicksilver deposits at and near Terlingua, Brewster County, Texas. The brochure contains seven chapters, of which the first six are devoted to describing the deposits, methods of mining and reduction, etc., and the history, geology and topography of the district. The seventh chapter, written by Mr. W. B. Phillips, is on the subject of the occurrence, production and prices of quicksilver in the United States. The Brewster County quicksilver deposits are found in a belt paralleling the Rio Grande River at a distance of twelve miles and lying between the Fesno canyon on the west and several miles beyond Terlingua Creek on the east. The county has been fairly well prospected, and in some instances, the individual sections promise good values. At the present time only one company is actually producing quicksilver, the production last year being 2,932 flasks, or about 10 per cent of the production of the United States. MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. THE LARDEAU. SHIPMENTS over the new branch line last month are said to have approximated $50,000 in value. The tonnage aggregated 350 tons and represented consignments from the Nettie L., Silver. Cup, Winnie, Old Gold, Guinea Gold and Primrose properties. NELSON. During September 601 tons of lead bullion were shipped by the Hall Mines smelter. EAST KOOTENAY. The following table is an approximation of shipments from the Windermere district to the end olf September:— Mine. Pounds. Value- Paradise 1,598,3m Paradise, in transit 300,000 Delphine .' 73-831 $3-520 26 Delphine, in transit 135,500 Red Line, in transit 162,000 Swansea 4>ooo White Cat 2,000 Silver Belt 29,500 1,456 00 M. T. Fraction. . .' 34.000 2,252 25 M. T. Fraction, in transit 45,000 Bunyan 1.000 4900 Total 2,385.141 $7.28655 ROSSLAND. Our Rossland correspondent telegraphs on October 25th shipments for the year to date are as follows:— T -D ■ T011S- Le Roi . 199 855 Le Roi No. 2 54 356 Centre Star 24.918 War Eagle 13 431 Giant 2 779 Velvet 7 . 7 .'.'77 1,300 Cascade 300 Bonanza go Kootenay 777777777 50 Spitzee t 39 White Bear ,...' 35 Total 296,994 SLOCAN. Shipments from the Slocan district to the end of October approximate 25,000 tons, Slocan City Division having contributed nearly 5,500 tons to this total. Shipments to the 18th of October, have, according to a table published by the New Denver Ledge, been segregated as follows:— Name. Payne Ivanhoe Sunset (Jackson Basin). Reco American Boy Arlington Hewett Bosun Last Chance Wonderful Enterprise Lavina Bismark Monitor Queen Bess Silver Glance Whitewater Ottawa .. . Tons. Capella Florence.... Trade Dollar. Neepawa .... Hartney Marion May Paystreak Surprise Slocan Star .. Duplex Emily Edith.. Wakefield..... Prescott Rambler Molly Gibson Washington .. Folliott e. o. d London Hill.. Ruth Slocan Boy... Antoine Jl. E. Lee Speculator Red Fox Hampton Dardanelles Porcupine.. Charleston Pinto Noble Five . Total tons. 23,302 JWH»'l»ti!l 390 THE MINING RECORD. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. Shipments from the Boundary district to the end of October of approximately 897,000 tons exceed the total output of 1901, which was 390,000 tons. The following table showing production from January 1st to October 25th, of this year, is published by the Phoenix Pioneer:— Tons. 248,524 FPk . !',8a8 102,220 fgmt 7,220 9,498 . 4,348 785 625 ... 482 .... 2,175 43 Granby Mines, Phoenix . Snowshoe, " Mother Lode, Deadwood Sunset " B. C. Mine, Summit .. . Emma, '■ .... Winnipeg, Wellington... Golden Crown, '• .... No. 7 Mine, Central jewel, Long Lake Providence, Providence.. Total, tons 384,735 Granby Smelter treatment, tons 235,238 THE YUKON. The statement of the export of gold from Dawson to the outside as prepared to date by the Territorial Comptroller, Mr. J. T. Lithgow, is as follows:— Month. Ounces. Value. May 1,326.06 $ 19,890.75 June 236,673.44 3.550,32455 July 154,208.38 2,313,130.70 August 145,032.88 2,175,493.64 September 146,454.68 2,196,778.10 The June shipments were the heaviest of any month, because of the washing in that month of the big winter dumps, representing months of work in the cold season. July also had some of the winter gold among its shipments. August and September shipments may be said to represent summer work alone, and the fact that they each have more than two million dollars to their credit is considered a most favourable commentary on the summer operations of the camp. The exports in September contained more gold in small pokes, being taken out by individual miners, than those of any other month. Men who have worked through the season and taking the last opportunity to go out with several hundred dollars in dust have been numerous in September. Export certificates issued in,September numbered 280. Free certificates, that is, those for the taking of American gold from the lower Yukon through the British territory to the outside world free during September, numbered 143. Gold shipped by free certificate during the month aggregated 8,832 ounces worth $130,000. The most of it was from Forty-Mile, Koyukuk and Rampart, with a major portion to be credited to Rampart. COMPANY NOTES AND CABLES. Le Roi.—Cabled returns for September: "Shipped from mine to smelter 13.667 tons, containing 6,778 ozs. of gold, 12,144 ozs. silver, and 580,000 lbs. copper. Shipped from the dump to the smelter 1,998 tons, containing 660 ozs. of gold, 930 ozs. of silver, and 50,720 lbs. copper. Estimated profit on this ore, $63,000.' (August profit, $79,487.) Le Roi No. 2.—Cabled returns for September: "Shipments last month amounted to 6,070 tons; contents, 2,645 ozs. gold, 6,030 ozs. silver. 125 tons copper. The returns from ore after making a reduction of all smelting charged amounted to $39,500. The cost of mining may be taken at $21,500, leaving profit for last month $18,000" (August profit, $16,000.) Giant.—Cable from the resident director at Rossland, dated 22nd September:—"400 tons of ore shipped to the smelting works; net proceeds $4,000, after allowing for smelting cost; the tunnel has already been driven a length of 240 feet." (Office note.—This is evidently the output since last cable published—namely, since end of August.) Velvet Rossland.—Cable received from manager says: "310 tons shipped yielded $6,750 net." Snowshoe Gold and Copper.—Cable from Mr. G. T. Waterlow, deputy chairman:—"Having spent two weeks on the Snowshoe mine, I am fully satisfied that prospects are most encouraging. We are now shipping about 150 tons daily. The returns from ore are satisfactory. Have already commenced constructing additional railway spur. The main shaft has been sunk to a depth of 300 feet, exposing large ore body. Shall begin to erect hoist at once. Erection of all machinery is being vigorously pushed ahead. With equipment mentioned shall be able to ship at the rate of 15,000 tons per month. Everything looks most favourable. Personally, I am quite satisfied.—Waterlow." Ymir.—A recent cablegram to London from the Company's Manager at Nelson, B.C., says: "During last month 50 stamps ran 29 days 14 hours. Estimated profit on operating is $3,000 (£618). This is after deducting development, $3,082 (£635). August profit £23, after deducting bush fire expenses, £924.)" Cariboo Gold Fields.—It is now estimated that the output of this mine for the season will be more nearly $20,000 than $15,000. The big elevator at the mines is working successfully, and the plant generally is proving effective. Le Roi.—Manager's report of the Le Roi Mining Company, Ltd., for August:— The tonnage shipped during the month, together with its contents and gross values per ton, was as follows:— Dry tons. Ozs.Au. Ozs.Ag. Lbs-Cu. 1st class 17,010 2d class dump 1,568 7,790 667 14,141 773 Value wet. per ton. 782,885 $15.00 40,80,2 $11.81 18,578 8,457 14.914 823,687 Mine Expenditure—The expenditure for the month on mine account was $54,187- The cost per ton of breaking and 'delivering the ore on the railroad cars was $2.40, a reduction of 47c, as compared with July. The cost of development, including the deepening of the main shaft, was 74c, making the total cost of mining and exploration equal to $3.14 per ton. Northport Smelter.—The expenditure for the month was $131,174. The following statement gives particulars concerning the public ores purchased during the month:— Received from. Dry tons. Oz Ltd... Le Roi No. Velvet Mine White Bear Mine . . Great Northern R.R Au. Ozs.Ag. Lbs.Cu, wet. Total 4,455 1,885 5,441 210,823 168 197 138 26,130 5 2 7 212 7 72 121 3983 4,635 2,156 5,707 241,148 The tonnage treated during the month was 16,608 tons, segregated as follows:— Roasted ores 8,209 Raw ores, Le Roi 1,766 Raw ores, Le Roi secoijd class 1.427 Public 5206 Profit for the month:— The gross value of the first-class ore shipped from the mine was equal to a value of $15 per ton, equal to $255,145 From this deduct difference between gross value and refiners' settlement rates, ?nd interest on gold and silver values for 90 days, and copper 60 days at 6 per cent., equal to $2.93 per ton 49.838 Deduct cost of mining and smelting . Net estimated profit first-clas $205,307 134,036 ass ore $ 7Il2?I The gross value of the second-class dump ore shipped from the mine was equal to a value of $ii-8i per ton $ 18,518 From this deduct difference between gross value and refiners' settlement rates, and interest on/gold and silver values for 90 days, and copper 60 days at 6 per cent., equal to $1,71 per ton 2,681 $15,837 7,621 Deduct cost of loading and smelting Net estimated profit second-class dump ore $ 8,216 Total net estimated profit for the month $ 79.487 THE MINING RECORD. 391 Leve Advance. feet. 1,050 North crosscut. .27^2 1,050 South drift . . . .31 1,200 East drift 40 1,200 South crosscut .45 1,200 West drift .. . .60 1,200 'Main shaft .. . .36 Development.—The development work performed during August was as follovys:— Level. Advance, feet. 450 North drift.. . .25 600 West Tregear drift .22 600 East Miller drift 20 800 Tregeal rise. . . .43^2 1,050 East winze . . . .36x/2 1,050 West main reef. .46 There is no change on the lower levels since the last monthly report. Good progress is being made in sinking the main shaft, which has now reached a depth of 1,320 feet. The intermediate stope between the 9th and 1.050 levels is producing high grade ore, the extent of which is greater than anticipated. A new stope, which was commenced on the extreme western end of the 600 Mulligan, is turning out well, the ore averaging over $20 per ton. Exploratory work is being carried on adjacent to the Miller and Tregear stopes between the 7th and 5th levels, which, I believe, will be profitable, and increase the tonnage of high grade ore in sight. On the 450 level driving is being done west on the north vein to undercut the croppings on the surface which look favourable. From the 900 Tregear a diamond drill hole to the south is being bored for the purpose of exploring the south vein. Arlington, Erie.—The following smelter returns have been received:— Net Smelter Tons. Returns. May 6*5.5 $2,488 June 119 4,610 July 122 4,171 August 120 3,721 September 122 4,604 COAL EXPORTATIONS AND TRADE. THE mine inspector for the State of Washington, Mr. Owen, is quoted as having made the statement that the coal market in that state was better now than it had been for the past year and a half. It is said the Southern Pacific is thinking seriously of abandoning the use of oil on their locomotives and going back to coal- The California oil is of a bituminous base, and when engines are running under high steam pressure the bitumen crystalizes in the flues of the boiler, causing numerous delays and the loss of speed. This is said to be particularly true of the passenger engines, and so much trouble has resulted from it that an early return to coal is expected. With California, the great consumer of Vancouver Island coal, this change on the part of the Southern Pacific will be welcome news to the mine owners and miners- The Southern Pacific was a heavy purchaser of Vancouver Island coal in the past. According to a report of Mr. J- W. Harrison, a coal and metal broker of San Francisco, every effort is being put forward by oil producers to substitute oil for household purposes, but so far without success, the difficulty being to avoid the smell and smoke from the petroleum. The increased danger in handling is also against the introduction of oil for domestic uses. The fact that the experiments to utilize oil for steam fuel has failed and that there is little present fear of oil coming into general use for domestic needs, suggests that ere long there will again be an increased demand for Vancouver Island coal for industrial purposes in the California market. Coal oil fuel will, seemingly, though still formidable enough not prove quite so successful a competitor of coal in the future as in the past. Coal exportations from Vancouver Island collieries during the month of September were as follows:— Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 19,274 Ladysmith T7,956 Total 37.230 The Fernie Free Press announces that there is further danger of labour troubles at the Evans West collieries. The miners at Morrissey have until recently been paid by the day, but. on the 20th of October, at their own request were put on the tonnage system. In No. 1 mine the scale was fixed at 40 cents a ton and in the other two mines 55 cents, and 65 cents respectively, the men to lay their own tracks on all branch lines and also move the McGinty, The. rate allowed for timbering was $i'a set and where it was lag- ganed $2 a set. The miners complain that the wage scale throughout is too low and ask that the tonnage rate be 60, 75 and 85 cents, the company to lay the track and move the •McGinty. They also demand $5 for each set of timbers and $14 for breaking off rooms 8 feet wide and 20 feet deep, but the management only offers 50 cents a yard. The manager, meanwhile, contends that the scale suggested by the men is exorbitant. TRADE NOTICES, CIRCULARS AND CATALOGUES. T THE TRENTON IRON CO.'S WESTERN BRANCH. HE Trenton Iron Co. announce the appointment of Messrs. Brown, Beal & Co. to the San Francisco agency. MINING AND SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS. Messrs. John Davis & Son, Ld., (Derby, England) send us through their Canadian representative, Mr. F. F. Peacock, of Montreal, a copy of their most recent catalogue dealing with mining, surveying and other instruments of precision. The instruments made by this British firm are noted for absolute reliability and beautiful workmanship. In most of the serveying instruments a special aluminum alloy is now incorporated and the surveying instrument accessories usually catalogued as extras, such as dividing on silver fixed stadia hairs, vernier shades, dust and rain guards - for telescopes and eye-pieces, are included in the specifications. Another advantage: transits, levels, and dials fit on to their respective legs with a uniform size, pitch of thread, and diameter, so that all are interchangeable. Special attention is directed to the "Hoskold' transit theodolite, as with this instrument the connecting of underground and surface surveys may be performed with the greatest ease and accuracy. The company also manufacture a standard lamp of a bonneted pattern for working miners, which gives a good light and are of little weight. A "fire bosses' " lamp made of aluminum is also held in great favour by miners. Copies of this catalogue may be obtained from Mr. Peacock, Canada Life Building, St. James' Street, Montreal. AIR COMPRESSORS. The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., of New York, issue a catalogue of the class of air compressors manufactured by this company at their Franklin, Pa., works. Although designed for the operation of pneumatic tools in shop and field riveting, drilling, chipping, hoisting, etc., and possessing features particularly desirable for such duty, these compressors are also suitable for all of the customary employments of compressed air power. This catalogue contains new illustrations of all of the latest types of compressors, and a very complete illustrated description of the chief features of design. Also all necessary data pertaining to standard styles of compressors, an article on the uses of compressed air and much valuable information relative to the proper installation of compressed air equipment and tables not heretofore printed in similar publications. The catalogue will be sent free to all interested enquirers. CHAIN BELTING. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, Ohio, announce that their new "chain" catalogue, No. 72, is now ready for distribution and will be mailed to those interested upon application. PELTON WATER WHEELS. The Pelton Water Wheel Company's catalogues are always well compiled and handsomely got up. The ninth and latest edition is no exception to the rule. The catalogue contains, upwards of ninety pages, is well illustrated, neatly bound and contains in addition to price lists and specifications a great deal of exceedingly interesting and valuable information on the subject of power transmission and other useful data. DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS. The Canadian General Electric Co.'s slow speed and moderate speed generators have proved so practical and efficient that they have come into very general use for lighting and • power purposes. The old design, however, has recently been considerably improved on and may now be said to embody the very latest ideas in modern dynamo construction. ■, The company has meanwhile issued "Bulletin 819" describing these modifications. 392 THE MINING RECORD. DAVIS CRUSHING ROLLS. Catalogue No. 34, published by the F. M. Davis Iron Works Co., of Denver, Colorado, is devoted to a description of the Davis Standard Crushing Rolls with instruction* for their erection. These rolls retain in their design the good points of the original Cornish rolls, while also embodying new and improved features. The rolls as now perfected are of simple and massive design and are entirely self-contained- THE JEANESVILLE PUMP. The Jeanesville Iron Works Co-, of Denver, Colorado, and Jeanesville, Pennsylvania, are sending out advance sheets from their catalogue descriptive of the well-known Jeanesville pump. The several patterns are here shown and the applicability of each to different requirements fully discussed. DAVIDSON FANS. A neat catalogue is issued by the Massachusetts Fan Co., of Waltham, Massachusetts, dealing principally with the "Davidson" Fan, which was first put on the market in 1891, and has since had a ready sale, being put to all manner of uses for heating, drying, ventilating, etc. For drying purposes it is used in connection with the company's sectional "hot blast" heater, while for ventilating work and in the removal of gases and vapours, the form of the blades ensures a movement of large volume of air quietly and with a minimum expenditure of power. The apparatus can be run continuously without unusual attention. THE METAL MARKET. THE month has been more or less featureless. Silver continues dull, chiefly on account of limited demand from the East and allotment. Indian exchange'continues steady. Quotations are lower at 5oJ^. The average price last month was 57-52 cents. Copper after showing some improvement upon news of the settlement of the anthracite coal strike, has suffered a reaction. Production is, however, being well maintained, while consumption is also reported as being satisfactory. The latest New York quotations are, for Lake copper n$4.@iiji. electrolytic in cakes, ingots and wirebars, iijli@n^; cathodes, iiJ4@ii^; casting copper, iiJ^@ii^. The average price of copper last month was 11.480. The lead market is dull but steady. The latest quotations are 3-97j4<@4-05, St. Louis; 4.05@4.io, New York. The European market has been rather more active at somewhat higher prices. English lead is quoted at £10 16s 3d to £10 17s 6d. Spelter continues in strong demand, and in consequence of the destruction by fire of large works at Kansas, production for the next three months will be ' curtailed to the extent of 1,000 tons monthly. The latest sales at East St. Louis were on a basis of 5.20—the highest point ever attained. The New York quotations are 5-35@ 5.40. The acting secretary of the Treasury Department at Washington in reply to a letter enquiring whether raw zinc ores when imported into the United States for smelting and consumption are dutiable, states in reply that there is no specific provision in the present Tariff Act, to wit, the Act of July 24th, 1897, a copy of which is forwarded to you under separate cover, and, further, there has been no decision of the Board of U. S. General Appraisers or the courts as to the classification of crude zinc ores and that question is one which is primarily determined by the Collector of Customs. In all probability, however, the ores would be held dutiable under paragraph 57 at one cent per pound. The character of the merchandise, however, would be determined by the Collector of Customs and the classification governed accordingly, subject to the protest of the iniporter. THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. THE market is almost lifeless and entirely without feature. Speculation in mining stocks in the East has practically ceased and it is shrewdly suspected that many reported transactions are quite fictitious. Quotations in many cases do not represent the intrinsic value of stocks, but until a greater number of British Columbia mines enter the dividend-earning stage the present apathetic attitude of investors is likely to continue. During the month sales are reported of Cariboo-McKinnev at 20@22c, Fairview at 7Y2 @8c, North Star 19, Payne iS]/2, War Eagle at i8lA@i9^, Giant at 3Va%aVa,, and Waterloo at 3. Cariboo-McKinney is fairly firm on satisfactory advices from the mine and dividend rumors. Rambler Cariboo has declined from 80 to 60, and Fairview has also weakened, as a result of outside manipulation. Republic stocks have slumped badly, but a recovery may be shortly expected if arrangements now in progress are satisfactorily effected for the treatment of the ores. NOTICE. NOTICE is hereby given that the following definitions of the West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division, be substituted for those at present in force: West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division. Commencing at Amphitrite Point; thence northerly along height of land separating drainage area of those streams emptying into Pacific Ocean north of such point, from drainage area of those streams emptying into Barkley Sound, following each height of land to a point where it intersects the height of land separating drainage area of those streams emptying into Pacific Ocean on west from drainage area of streams emptying into Straits of Georgia on east; thence northwesterly along such divide to a point west of Conuma (or Woss) Lake; thence southwesterly on the height of land separating the streams draining into Kyuquot Sound on the north from those draining into Esperanza Inlet on the south to Tachu Point; thence by Pacific Ocean, including all Coast Islands, to point of commencement: And further that the name "Clayoquot Mining Division" be substituted for "West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division." EDWD. GAWLOR PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., 22nd October, 1902. NOTICE. NOTICE is hereby given of the establishment of the Quatsino Mining Division, Vancouver Island, under the following defined boundaries:— Quatsino Mining Division. Commencing at Tatchu Point; thence north-easterly on the height of land separating the streams draining into Kyuquot Sound on the north from those draining into Esperanza Inlet on the south to a point west of Conuma (or Woss) pake; thence north-westerly on the height of land separating the drainage area of those streams emptying into the Pacific Ocean on the West from the drainage area of those streams emptying into the Straits of Georgia on the northeast to Cape Scott; thence by Pacific Ocean, including all Coast islands, to point of commencement EDWD. GAWLOR PRIOR. Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., 22nd October, 1902. HIS HONOUR the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to make the following appointments:— ~ „ „ » x7th October, 1002. Edward E. Potts, of Quatsino, Esoflire. to be Mining Recorder for the Quatsino Mining Division, to reside and usually perform his duties at Quatsino. New Catalogue ELEVATING-CONVEYING MACHINERY Now Ready. Send for Copy, The JEFFREY MFQ, CO., COLUMBUS, O-, U.S.A. THE MINING RECORD. XI. LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER. Prepared by the Stuart Robertson Co.. Ltd., successors to A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. C. Companies. Cariboo McKin'jr Cariboo Hydra'lic Centre Star Clow's Nest P. C. Dardanelles Evening Star Fairview Corp'n. Iron Mask jumbo North Star Payne Rambler Slocan Star Sullivan ®fraf Eagle gjyaterloo Winnipeg St. Eugene Granby Week Ending Saturday, October 4th. Highest. $0 22}£ 90 4°A 125 00 3 4 8M 8X 10 I9J4 i6jl 72 1 00 5lA il 3$ 4 45 3 00 $ 39*4 20 00 7 18K '5^ 60 4 18M 3 35 2 80 $ ° 22H 90 39 125 00 3 8& 8M 10 I9K 16^ 70 85 5A *9% Zli. 4 45 2 90 21 38H 120 00 ■*A *% 18K 15 60 2% Week Ending Saturday, Cctober nth. Highest. 2 5 Lowest $ 23'^ $ 90 40 125 00 3K 4 8K 8>X '9/4 16^ 9° 38^1 38K 120 00 125 00 m\ 3 3 7?i 8^ »K 35 70 5^ 22 3K 5 45 3 00 i$A 15 60 4 :9K 3 35 2 80 19^ 16 65 85 5 19K &i 4 45 2 90 5 3734 120 00 WA 60 Week Ending Saturday October 18th. Week Ending Thursday, October 25th. Highest Lowest. 3° 70 $ 22 90 40 130 00 iA 5 1 P 15 16 64 I OO n 20 H 5 45 3 00 20 38 120 00 3 15 55 4 W 3 35 80 t "A 90 39 125 00 3 4 n 8J4 10 I9K :6 64 90 S*A I9J^ 3 4 45 3 90 19 38 120 00 *A 18 15 55 Highest. 4 18M 2% 35 2 70 P 21 1 00 39K 135 00 4 5 lA «A 20 19 16 64 1 00 m m 5 45 $ 19 38 120 00 3 18 15 4 18^ 3 35 Lowest. $ 21 90 38^ 125 00 4 4 6J4 7 10 19 15 60 90 m I9i 3V4 4 45 3 00 18 37 120 00 2% 5% 5 3M 18 3% 35 2 80 THE FAIRBANKS COMPANY nOJNTREAL and VANCOUVER. Mine, Mill, Railway, Factory, Engineering and 1 Transmission Supplies. |gr Agents for Canadian Rand Drill Company. Full supply of parts in stock. 151 to 155 Hastings St., VANCOUVER, B. C. 747 to 749 Crajg St., MONTREAL, QUE. P. S.«-flLS© SCALES AND VALVES. WHWUJUii! IIIHIWW XII. THE MINING RECORD. CITY OF VICTORIA. The Metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The starting point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Cassiar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in Winter. Flowers the year round. SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine views. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Buildings, architecturally perfect. Superb private residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and Lodging Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer," bear, moose and elk. The leading centre of the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast, and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in' course of erection within a radius of ioo miles from the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre qf iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation. All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all loreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman. Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed.' Bank of Bntten North America VANCOUVER B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. „ An Engineering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities New Mining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical and Metal' lurgical Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list of gradu ates and their occupations, address F. W. McNair, President, Houghton Mich" FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in the best locality. ' No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., SLOCAN, B. C Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. s^ss^^s&sm^^BOHS^esaw^ & co., vsv. .tart «•* w^ D,,*8■ r ■■■■ -■^* - n-arlflP. r amok Deliver? wl Parte Made to Gauge- s adoresS LOBNITZ & MS® RENFREW, SCOTLAND. Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. ANCHOR WIRE FEZNCEI i Patented 7 Sept., 1894-No. 46991 IS Strongest, Cheapest, 11 BEST IN THE MARKET To be had only from THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C PELTON WATER WHEELS The reliability of Pelton Water Wheels has never been questioned—any competent hydraulic engineer will admit that it is eflScknt. For many years we have devoted our exclusive attention to the design and manufacture of Water Wheels, and our guarantees of high efficiency is based on attained results in actual practice and scientific experiment. Send for catalogue, address Dept. B. Pelton Water Wheel Co., ■35 Main St., San Francisco. 143 Liberty St., NewYork I PERCY W. CHARLESON ■ STOCK AND INVESTMENT BROKER, 417 Hastings Street, Vancouver, 6. Q. B. C. fllNES AND STOCKS A SPECIALTY. Member Vancouver Stock Exchange. Notary Public for British Columbia. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. P. O. BOX 187. Cable Address-CHALCOUVER Codes used A. B. C. 4th Edition, Moering & Neal, Bedford McNeill, Cloughs. JOHN DAVIS & SON (Derby) Limited, England HIGHEST GRADE AND MOST IMPROVED Surveying, Mining and Engineering Instruments SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED COMBINED TRANSIT AND LEVELS-Dust and Bain Proof, for Railroad, Bridge, City, Land and General Engineering Work. MOUNTAIN TRANSIT, extensively used in the roughest mining regions. SAFETY LAMPS of a11 kinds, Lamp parts and Supplies. Anemometers. Drawing Instruments. Stock at Montreal. Send for Catalogue and Prices. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: FRANCIS 1 PEACOCK, Canada Life Bldg., MONTREAL ff^^B HWffB XIV. THE MINING RECORD ALUS CHALMERS CO. successor I; THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER & CHALMERS. GATES IRON WORKS. \ 01CKSON MFG. CO. Milwaukee.Wls. Chicago, 111. ||||j Chicago, 111. - Scranton.Pa. II MANUFACTURERS OF Mining Machinery The Presidio Mining Company, of Shafter, Texas, operates a fifty-stamp, wet-crushing silver mill. Careful records of cost of shoes and dies have been kept for twelve years. The Presidio Company has used high-grade Open Hearth and Crucible Steel castings, Chrome Steel, Ferro- Aluminum, Forged Steel, Harveyized Steel, Manganese Steel and Projectile Steel. The best records made by each kind of metal used in the shoes and dies show the following: Illis^lmersR Co^::ts CHICAGO, U.g.AjdBa per Ton of Qre TG*ZE£'?HlL^r\lR2N m Crushed M SHOES AND DIES. M %SyS^§i^\^/' ^%^M$° Harveyized Steel 1629 "■'■■■"-"'•''■• -••'■■ v/,i, Forged Steel 1227 /// !/■■ Chrome Steel 1107 Chrome Steel 1057 Chrome Steel 0786 Projectile Steel 1051 ^s*^ Projectile Steel 0538 iPfPv | Manganese Steel 0995 KsfiL^ Ferro-Aluminum 0960 Cast Steel 0705 | Gates Chilled Iron 0348 Gates Chilled Iron 0285 Gates Chilled Iron 0227 Mpv Gates Chilled Iron, dies only 0199 We have perfected a mixture of iron for Stamp Shoes and Dies that is unequaled for wearing qualities. After very severe competitive tests with other brands of iron and steel ( see accompanying record of tests made by the Presidio Mining Co.), the Gates Chilled Iron Shoes and Dies have been pronounced by the leading mill men of this country to outlast any other material on the market, price being considered. For the past few years we have been supplying the Homestake Mining Company, Lead, S. D., and several other of the leading mining companies of the United States with their entire supply of Stamp Shoes and Dies made of this special mixture of chilled iron. The Homestake Mining Company has, in the past few years, purchased in the aggregate about 30,000 Stamp Shoes and Dies, and according to their own record, the average life of our chilled iron shoes working on their ores runs from 55 to 65 days each, which includes all breakages and defects in castings. WRITE US FOR PRICES AND FURTHER INFORMATION BRANCH OFFICES:- NEW YORK. BroadExchaiigeBldg. ^TTSDURIi. &|frick Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 rornExcfiai^eBldg. DENVER. l649TromonlSl. GENERAL office: CHICAGO,^pILL,U.S.A. HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. THE MINING RECORD XV. ALLIS CHALMERS SCO. SUGCESSOR^TO THE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER ft CHALMERS, GATlfi IROlllp^ORKS, DICKSON MFG. GO. Milwaukee.Ms. Chicago>rMlW^^M Chicago, 111. Scrantoh.Pa. MANUFACTURERS OF MINING MACHINERY BRADLEY IMPROVED CHILIAN MILL <* <* 6=Foot Bradley Improved == Chilian === Grinding Mill This mill is driven from underneath to avoid oil from the driving gears dropping into the grinding pan. The three solid r6llers, each weighing 6,400 lbs., are so rigged to the vertically adjustable driving spider that the centrifugal force of the rollers augments their efficiency for crushing and grinding. The roller shaft journals are hinged in the spider so as to permit each roller to independently adjust itself to the amount of material on the ring die. A step box fitted with steel wearing rings not only supports the spindle's weight, but also prevents its being lifted by the centrifugal force of the rollers. All bearings are made extra large and adjustable, and special care has been taken to overcome end thrust. The ore and water are fed to the annular launder, placed directly on top of the driving head, and are from it spouted right in front of each roller. Back of each roller is a scraper to agitate the ore bed and to assist in washing pulp against the screens. The screening surface is extra large, and the ring die and roller tires are made of extra hard and tough rolled steel. Sole "Builders of Reynolds Corliss Engines for all Power Purposes Riedler Pumps and Air Compressors BRANCH OFFICES: NEW YORK. Broad ExchaiigeBldg. PITTSBlRfi. 1212 Trick Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 rbrnExchangrillds. DENVER. l649TromonlSl. GENERAL OFFICE : BRANCH OFFICES: CT I860^>„ CHICAGO,^fLL.,U.S.A. HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. SALT LAKE Cltf|Pooly Block. SPORANE'7^512 first Aw. SAN FRANCISCO,' 623HaywnlBldi). LONDON. ENG. l60Dashwoodllouse XVI. THE MINING KECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA THE MINERAL PROVINCE OF CANADA. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Cool, Coke, Oil Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines of British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000. Amount and Value of Mineral Products for il 1900 and 1901. Customary Measure 1899. I900. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Valtie. Quantity. Value. Gold, placer Gold lode Ounces 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7.722.591 21,862,436 i,3o6>324 34,251 $1,344,900 2,857,573 1,663,708 1,351,453 878,870 3,918,962 171,255 206,400 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,62i 1.439,595 85,149 $1,278,724 3,453,381 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,661,887 4.318,785 425,745 251,740 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 30,736.798 50,529,260 1,529,210 i34.76o $ 892,500 2,704,200 11 << 2,614,002 Lead Coal Coke Pounds 4,951,698 1,970,641 4,587,63'5 673,800 309,030 Tons, 2,240 lbs it u 1 $12,393,12'l $16,344 751 $20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131; for 1900 $16,344,751; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have >enlered the working of large' deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of " poor man's mine." Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts of money are being installed in Atllin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in gold during 1000. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson. Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prospected in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir, Cariboo-McKinniey and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPER ORES are being extensively worked at Rossland by the Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone in 1900 was 217,676 tons, and there will be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the prov'ncc in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent. wHle the lead production increased 206 per cent, largely derived from properties in East Kootenay. rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost un- mited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention, and the discoveries made on the Coast, in the Simfilkameen valley, etc.,' give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of an iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific Coast in the near future, what promise to' be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. COAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1,336,023 tons of coal and 19,234 tons of coke, and -in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of I03,572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1.500 to 2,000 tons of coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914,183 tons of coal' and 51 757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda ; while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kotenay and two others on the coast. Refineries are yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basis. If proper business care is used, and the experience of competent men utilized, these investments should be safe as well as profitable. MINERAL LANDS.—Mineral lands are open to location to any person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information!, reports, bulletins, etc, address The Hon. the Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C. W. F Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B. C. HOLMAN BROS. OAM BORNE, CORNWALL Manufacturers of Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery The Holman Patent Roek Drill Specially Adapted to B. C: Minin Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition London, 1899 Drills and Duplicate Parts, Tunnel Columns, Tripods, etc. IN STOCK AT Victoria, Nelson, Rossland, and Greenwood, B. C. Estimates on all kinds of Machinery furnished on application High-Class Boilers one of our specialties. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. AgentforCanada,YatesSt., VICTORIA, B.C BENNETT'S CROWN BRAND THE KING OF FUSES § The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal, and the World over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. ROWLAND MACHIN, Gen. Agent for Canada, Yates St., VICTORIA, B.C. XVIII THE MINING EECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C. GWILLIM, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), six years' experience in B. C. mining districts. NELSON, B.C. I BAKER STREET, JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. Code—Bedford-McNeil P.O. Box 43. JOHN REDMAN, Mining Engineer. KAMLOOPS, B. C. . m. McGregor, b.a. Sc. w. d. McGregor, m. e. McGregor & co., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS and LAND SURVEYORS. SLOGAN, B.C Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. P. 0. Box 463. Telephone 895 A. R. BARROW, amice. HVIrne Surveyor Mine Surveys instituted and plans brought up to date at regular intervals. Steam Engines and Air Compressors Indicated and valves Set. PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR. 4 View Street, Victoria, B. C. Th« YMIR DISTRICTX^n£«raE best mining investments to be found in B.C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole of the rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland.- PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments . Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. THE STUART ROBERTSON CO., Ltd., Successors to A. W. MORE & CO. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's, Moreing & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. ^3 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B. Sc. (McQUT). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given Inst. ofMecb. Bag. of England. Amer. Inst. ofBlec Eng. Vancouver, B.C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. J. R. GIFFORD, Consu ting Mining Engineer, M.C, MJ Late Manager The Hall Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd., Nelson, B. C. Room 20, Flood Building. San Francisco, Cal J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. G H. COLLIIMSON, ^teAssayer Provincial Licensed Assayer, Van Anda Smelter. ■* Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, Etc. THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Lang ley Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Next to Law Courts John Hunner. HUNNER & HARRIS, John Harris. MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS. Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We have for sale AI properties for capitalists or small investors in B. C '. or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts we know what we are talking about. Let us know your require-l ments. American- and English references Codes, " Bedford McNeill," " Cloughs." Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis. Prompt attention to' samples by mail or express. Instruction giyen in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory: Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M.E. and C.E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, Manager Con. Cariboo Hyd. /■"<' «__.ittiii 1fJT« « t-> . Mining Co., nd. vjonsulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28 years' experience in ihe equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, 'Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. *m H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E, CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, office: jkfcgg;^ Nelson, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. M., M.N. Eng. Inst. M. M. E., F. G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON, YUKON, CANADA. Cable Adcress: " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. Gore. J. H. McGregor. Codes : Moreing & Neal, Clough. Cable Address: "Silverlands." Gore & McGregor, Provincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. WALTER E. SEGSWORTH Licensed Provincial Assayer Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Boads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. Control Assays and Supervision of Ore Shipments a Specialty. GREENWOOD, B. C. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. ^Crown Grants obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E., M. Can. I. M. R. C. CampbelUJohnston Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to WiganCoal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. RELIABLE ASSAYS Gold $ .50 Lead 50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought. OGDEN ASSAY CO., 1725 Arapahoe St., DENVER, Colo./ Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. Gold and Silver $ .75 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. E. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1890. MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS, Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wfl. M. BREWER, HINING ENGINEER, MEM. N. Of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST.. M. E. Molsons Bank Building, TEL. 846. T. J. SMITH, MINING BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. 5c. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C. Assay Charges—Gold, $i ; Silver, $i; Copper, $2 ; I,ead, $1 ; Gold and Silver, $1.50 ; Gold and Copper, $2,50 ; Gold, Silver and Copper, $3 ; Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead, $3 50; Complete analysis of any ore, $10. ■SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAIL"^K1 Assay Office and Chemical Laboratory, 28 BROAD ST., VICTORIA, B. C. (Opp. Driard Hotel.) WILLIAM F. BEST, F.C.S. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST AND ASSAYER ;Heidelberg and Leipzig.) Personal attention given to all assavinjr and Chemical Analysis. RTtjert evidence before the Courts. XX THE MTNING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS, ETC. IT IS NO GOOD- ress Unless you understand how to approach the British Public. The best way to do this is to EMPLOY AN UP-TO-DATE ADVERTISING EXPERT Who can advise you and do your business at Lowest Possible Rates. Quoted by the newspapers themselves. Let us know what you want and we will be pleased to assist you. C. J. WALKER'S BRITISH AND CANADIAN PRESS BUREAU." 24 Coleman St., London, E. C THE MINING JOCRNAL Railway and Commercial Gazette Established 1835. Circulates all over the World amongst Miners, Engineers, Manufacturers, and Capitalists. Advertisement and Editorial Offices: 46 Queen Victoria Street, London, B. C. Every Saturday, Price Sixpence. The subscription to The Mining Journal, including postage, is as follows: 12 months. 6 months. 3 months. Canada 28s. 14s. 7s. Payable in Advance. NOW EEADY. TheMINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end of 1900. Edited by Joseph Struthers, Ph. D. Volume X.—Copiously illustrated, ivutaiuiiig numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price $5.00, post paid. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. The Mining Manual for 1902. Published May 12rh, 1902. By Walter R. Skinner. Sixteenth Year of Publication. (Established in 1887.J A lecord 01 information concerning MINING COMPANIES (Gold, Diamond. Silver, Copner, Tin, Iron, and other Mines, Collieries, Land and Exploration Concerns, &c.) Followed by lists of MINING COMPANY DIRECTORS AND SECRETARIES and concluding with a DICTIONARY OF MINING TERMS Over 1700 Pages. • THE MINING MANUAL FOR 1902. Over 1700 pages. In demy 8vo, cloth. Price 21 s., post free. London: WALTER R. SKINNER, 11-12, Clements Lane, Lombard St., E. C. Kodaks, Photographic Supplies FINISHING FOR AMATEURS. C. H. Smith & Co., 32 f$M VICTORIA, B. C. Dominion Hotel VICTORIA, B. C NEW AND MODERN, ^ffi^tSTSSSraS^!Ve^ = Call Bells, and First-Class service. American Plan, $1.25 Up a Day. European Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a Day R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos,etc, Agent for Imperial, Cramer and Hammer Plates, Aristo-Platino, Solio, Klo- ro, Velox and Dekho Papers 41 PANDORA St. Victoria, B. C. THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Isrecognized as the leading financial journal ofthe United States. Ih addition to its circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries ofthe country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than any publication^: in the U.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the moneyed class of the country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterprisee can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal in the United States. Subscripiion price $1.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 & 86 La Salle St., Chicago,111. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established I85S. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits atid Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at Rotal Agricultural Exhibition '95. '961 '97. '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH- VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTOENGRAVING COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. Fine Halftone and Zinc Etching. We make the best kinds of Printing Plates, both Line and Halftone. We make a specialty of Catalogue Work. Prices reasonable. Give us a trial. W. H. L.EGG, SEND FOR SAMPLES. MANAGER. THE MINING RECORD. XXI BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— WHY ? § We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers everywhere EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for illustrated catalogue, free. ESTABLISHED 1862. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd. Steamers leave Victoria and Vancouver as follows: Victoria=Vancouver Route. J^eave Victoria daily 1 a.m. Leave Vancouver daily 1.15 p.m. West Coast, Vancouver Island Route. Leave Victoria n p.m., 1st, 7th, 14th and 20th day of month. Northern British Columbia Coast Route. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., 1st and 15th day of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th day of month. Alaska Route. Steamships leave Victoria and Vancouver every five days for Ketchikan and Skagway connecting with the "White Pass and Yukon Route for Atlin, Dawson, and Yukon River Points. J. W. TROUP, Manager. Victoria. E. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, WM Vancouver. TURNER, BEETON & COY Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Finsbury Circus, London, England. ""ESM, e.. Wholesale Merchants. IlllSi^ Goods indented from all parts ofthe world. Telegraphic Addresses : TURNER," Victoria; " BEETON," London; " TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson R. R. RITHET & CO. Wholesale Merchants, Shipping & Insurance Agents. Proprietors of Victoria Wharf, Columbia Flouring Mill ; agents for Victoria Lumber and Manufacturing Company, Cheminus, V.I.; Pacific Coast Steamship Co., San Francisco. WHARF STREET. VIOTORIA, B. C. XXII THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. pushed.../. BANK OF MONTREAL. HEAD OFFICE: - - MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80 Board of Directors-Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G., President. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. A. T. Paterson, Esq.; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; Sir William C. Macdonald; R. B. Angus, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E- S. CLOUSTON General Manager A. MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches #• S. CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns BRANCHES Province of Ontabio—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chatham, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderich, Guelph. Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Otrawa, Perth Peterboro, Picton, Sarnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto, Tot on to Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province of Quebec—Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lower Provinces—Chatham, N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. John N.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Province of Manitoba and North-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland-St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F. W. TAYLOR Assistant Inspector JAMES AIRD Secretary Montreal-H, V- MEREDITH Manager N CANADA: In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E.C, Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain-London—The Bank of England, the TJDion Bank of London, the London & Westminster Rank the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—Tha British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Californian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce With Which is Amalgamated TThe Bank of British. Columbia. HT.EXA.D OFFICE: TORONTO. Paid Up Capital $ 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,ooo»ooo Aggregate Resources Over 70,000,000 HON. GEO. A. COX, President. B. E. WALKER., General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and elsewhere, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, Cranbrook, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Dawson Teraie, Nanaimo, Rossland, Victoria, White Horse BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. New York, San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every description of Banking Business transacted. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 \ LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood* Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam. VV. T. OLIVER, Mgr., Victoria, B. C. FOR SALE, A KouLr=Stamp Mill Complete with pulleys, etc., also Harbour Concentrator 25 h. p. boiler, 15 h. p. engine The above machinery was not long in use and is in good order, and -will be sold cheap for cash to close an estate. Apply to B. C. MINING RECORD, P. O. Drawer, 645, Victoria, b. C. The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON, B. C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT Purchases CORRER ORE, LEAD ORE, DRV ORE. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in B. C. Apply "A" Box 346 Victoria, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. XXIII VANCOUVfR ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Co. (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY, Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Southfield Coal. Steam Fuel. Nanaimo Coal. Used Principally for Gas- and Domestic Purposes. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal. (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THF NEW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in 1890, has already become a favorite fuel for domestic purposes. It is a clean, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, and its lasting qualities make it the most economical fuel in the market, i THF PROTFPTION ISLAND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised from the sub marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is shipped from wharves both at Pro- tection Island and Nanaimo. The several mines of the Company are connected with their wharves at Nanaimo Departure Bay and Protection Island, where ships of the largest tonnage are loaded at all stages of the tide. Specia despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAHUEL M. ROBINS, Supt., Nanaimo, B. C. XXIV THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—$1.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PAGIFIO LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change ■v'||). LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time,- and copies of C. P. R. publications, apply to H. H. ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. Esquimau and Nanaimo Railway. TIME TABLE NO. 44. Southbound. Northbound. Daily. Arrive. Leave. a.m. p.m. Victoria 9 :oo 12 :o6 Shawnigan Lake 10:20 10 -.46 Duncans 11 :co 10 :o2 P.M. Nanaimo 12 45 8:15" Ar. Wellington 1:00 Lv. 8 :oo Northbound. Leave. Sat., Sun. and Wed. Southbound. Arrive. A.M. Victoria 4:2c Shawnigan Lake 5 -.42 Duncans 6:20 Nanaimo 8 :o2 Ar. Wellington 8 :xy ' Lv. L'io P.M. 8:iO 7:OI 6:05 4--25 Through Tickets to Crofton via Westholme, Stage leaves Daily, connecting with North and Sonth bound trains nn„M.., Sundays and Wednesdays, connecting with morning and afternoon trains. Fare from Victoria, Single $2, Return*- trains, Double stage serv1Ce Saturdays, Throuah Tickets Victoria to Hlberni-Stage leaves Wellington Tuesdaysand Friday's on arrival of train from v,v™-i, t> . ... Mondays and Thursdays. Fare from Victoria, single, $5.20, return $8.65 «uri\ai 01 train irom Victoria. Returning from Alberni cans Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Fare from Victoria fc.oo Excursion rates in effect to all points good Saturday and Snnday. Through Tickets Victoria to CSowichan Lake via Duncans—Stage leaves Dun return. GE0. L. COURTNEY, Traffic Manager. ih THEtrWomohmmAMoaY Baiede Peres ,. Battleford Calgary Chapleau Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton Fort William -,'■. ~$s&. Kamloops Langley, Lethbridge And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. Purchasers will find a Illjbiese stores thepest goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the worS|y7 ml fEVERYlBELTjl ".-'; m ^guaranteed iiiNtOAK TANNED K#hIr BELTING' A N D For Exposed Situations Use Ifiancashire" Hair Belting. '■•;■■ :■ CATALOGUES AND DISCOUNTS ON APPLICATION. D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLES Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding lire damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING Round and Flat Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand \$Vire Ropes.' IRON, STEEL, COPPER AND BRONZE WIRE Superloi qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA : WATSON, JACK & CO. R I AIR COMPRESSORS.-IImr?1.gehoTclonmepSuTdex ROCK DRILLS- THE CANADIAN RAND DRILL COMPANY YHNeOUYER, B. ©. R0SSUIND, B. 6. GREENWO0D, B. ©. WOOD, VHLLHNeE & CO., Hamilton. Toronto Office, Bay Street South. Wood, Yallance |& Ijeggaf If miteq (Successors to Thos. Dun & Co., Ltd.) Bar f ronf M&f^^^St^^m Sackl HND HLL, MINIMGl §&^raSOPPL,IES. eORRBSPONDENeE SOLI01TED. IB^BEiSPinHdl Pre|jared to Purdt^^^^^^Mpom August 1st Eonvenidp H I^Mfe Nltorilea, §LElfp^ itRifiiiiBin PELTllG ■■HHHBtl ■f||§ Bulli^^^p^nace an|| C^^^ p|oduc^^^^-. ^ LOCATION OF|^RK'i|| « Boft^» w1^^^^ftand,|^B Published by the B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by T. R. Cusack, Victoria, Canada. Thk Mnnfh 3HFe granby mines at phoenixSb. a^WSSm^^^^ms^W 1 IIK5> lUUlllll M«j|0;J*l THE MOUNT SICKEN DISTRICT" (Illustrated-) VOL. IX. DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. Ihe HItonIlectric Company, iStMlTED. Elecftpic Motors. Blowers. Motors. Fans. Dynamos. Electa Mif|ing Apparatus. ^^ttrORlAlBlC. • • Electrical ^or^^p^^ .. |Bi|||ttd Sffppli|ll||'' viNloUVERlB. <M *3$Hfi Jackson St., SEATTLE. T746-1748 Pacific Ave., TACOMA. CALDWELL BROS.Jco Agents for Rand DrJ§|Co.; Hendrie & BoltKoff Mfg. Co.; Astorillron Works, DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co., A. S. Cameron Steam Pump Wo^ks; Cassels Automatic Water Motor Co., Etc||| COMPRESSORS, DRILLS, HOISTS, PUMPS/PORTABLE MILLS AND CANNING MACHINERY. Pacific CoastjfSmelting ani| Refriingf Works, m PURCHASERS, SAMPLERS A§D s|pTERS OF GOLD, SILV#and C^^ER fii|§ "^JORES AND FURNACE PRODUCp. m'f::< :'■:. ADDRESS: K THEfCOPPEF#l|[NG, pMITED. OFFICES: Crocker Building, San Francffpo, California; Basildon House, 7 to II Moorgate Street, London, E.C. IF YOU ARE BUILJNG A Hfli We Carry in Stock the Largest^Sissortment•• ^tpsl in Canada of MA NT I FQ In Oak, Maple, Cherry, Birch, White and FIRE PLAC^pRATES 1Msff 1 Fin*h ING F0R FL00RS> HEARTHS, BATHROOMS, 4c. Brass Fenders, Fire Sets, Fire Dogs, Brass Coal Scuttles, &c. IPARQUETTE iioORING. House Hardware in Latest and Best Designs. He Le n n^^pff^^^S ^^^^^^^- Limit^i -. . gVHOL^^.E HARDWARE || VANCOti/ER, B.C. ^AW/SONS'. T. Mhclespoilisi ^^te^^»|es -71 With our Improved Go^ ernor andj|afety DeVic«B new patent gab rod and- hook, and other special features of our design ot this type of engine, will commend- therflsej&es to those requiring Durability, Economy & Easy Handling In this principal item of a steam-power plant. Complete Steam-Power l|fants Designed, buifeand installed for operation. Our figures are at yourf service, and we think you will find them reasonable. Send for: cat- \ alogues of anything in the - Mining Machinery line. Free on request. ^^^^pkes§Machi^^M ^^^pHERBRC&E, H^':-^|^': Rossland, Greenwood, B.C., Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. fRIED KRUPFf GRUSONWERK (Madgeburg-Buckau Germ any J 411 |f||pC RUSH ING: Stone Breakers of Especially Strong construction. Roller Mills, Chilian Mills, Ball Mills, for dry and wet p§3rj||Bjing—more tha n 1,8 00 at work, Stamp Batteries—Shoes and Dies of Krupp's Special Steel. AMALGAMATION^ Amalgamation Tables and Pans, Las- rio'sGold Amalgamators, Settlers, &c Separation and Concentration-Separators, Exhausters, Hydraulic Classifiers, Percussion Tables, Jiggers, Rotating Round Tables. LEACHING PLANT. COMPLETE GOLD ORE DRESSING PLANT (a) For treating by the Wet Method with Stamp Batteries, Amalgamation and | Concentration. ^w §$Si?f SSEvpS?* I (b) For Dry Testing by Ball Mills, Dust Extraction and Leaching. plOAL WASHING PLANT—Large Testing Station for Crushing and Dressing Ores at the Works. SsHtMRf^ AGENTS: For CANADA—Jas. W. Pyke k Co, 35 St. Francois Xivier eet, Montreal For the UNITED STATES—Thos. Prober &. Son, 15 Goff Street, Ne§j'York Fer|$IEX)CO—Pablo Berg|p§ft|artad'o 549, Mexico"^ Sap lllllp ?&, s,0Ujr.ffi-AERICA-flhi|ed Engineering Company, Ltd., P. 0. Box 399, Johannesburg, S. A. R iii C. M. PINCKARD, President. VULCAN IRONWORKS Manufacturers of VULCAN DOUBLE-ROPE TRAMWAY. VULCAN ROPEWAY, (Single Rope System.) Office, 505 Mission St., Works, cor. Kearny and Francisco Streets, DENNISTON, Proprietor. Elevator Dredqes for Placer Mining Link Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, U.S.A. IMPORTANT T© GOLD MINERS and Manufacturers of Mining Machinery. SILVER-PLATED AMALGAM PLATES For saving Gold in Quartz, Placer and Beach Mining. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. Only Refined Silver and Best Copper used. 26 Medals awarded. Old Mining Plates can be Replated, Old Plates Bought or Gold Separated. 35 years in business here. Our Plates have been used for 55 years. They have proved the Best. We adhere strictly to contract in weight of Silver and Copper. Send for Circular. DENNISTON'S SHN FRANCISCO PLATING WORKS Telephone Main 5931 743 Mission St., San Pranelsco, Gal. mmmsmm II. THE MINING RECORD. ASSAYERS' SUPPLIES AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. Brunton's Patent Pocket Transit. For Surface or Underground Surveys. The accompanying illustration shows an operator taking vertical angles with the Brunton Paten Pocket Transit It is the most accurate and reliable instrument made for preliminary surveys of eveig description. Case of aluminum 2%by 2% by 1 inches ; weight 8 ounces. Nearly 1,000 in use by promij nent mining engineers, mine managers, civil engineers and geologists everywhere. Wm. Ainsworth & Sons, Sole Manufacturers Denver, Col., U.S.A. SEND FOR CATALOGUE B-4 FOR FULL PARTICULARS FOR SALE BY B. 0. Assay and Chemical Supply Co., Vancouver, B. C. O. M. Fassett, Spokane, Wash. W. F. Teetzel & Co., Nelson B. C. F. "W. Braun & Co., Los Angeles, Cal. John Taylor & Co., San Francisco, CaJ. The B. C. Assay and Chemical Supply Co., Limited. Direct Importers of Assayers' and Mill Supplies Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus of all kinds, Bohemian Chemical Glassware, C. P. Acids, Potassium Cyanide and Quicksilver Sole agents in British Columbia for Morgan Crucible Co., Battersea, England; F. W. Braun & Co's Patent Cary Furnaces. Burners, etc.; W. Ainsworth &. Sons' Fine Balances Write for our prices ADDRESS 733 Pender St., Vancouver, B. 6. Mining and Surveying Instruments Light Mountain Transits and Transit-Theodolites. Scott's Mine Tachymeter. Most Improved Constructions. Best Workmanship. Send for List P. & R. WHITSTOCK, Berlin S. 59, GERMANY. A* Van Der Naillens* School of Practical, Civil, Mining, Electrical Mechanical Engineering. Surveying, Architecture, Drawing and Assaying, Cyanide, Chlorination, Metallurgy. Assaying of ores, $25; Bullion and Chlorination Assay, $25; Blow Pipe Assay, $10; FuU Course of Assaying, $50. Established 1864. Open aU year SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 113 FULTON STREET, One Block West of City Hall. SAN FRANCISCO. FOR One 12 in. x 30 in. Jenckes-Corliss Engine. One 60 h. p. Locomotive type Boiler. One Feed Water.Heater for same- One Boiler Feed Pump, 1$ z 3f x 4. The above plant has only been in operation for one month. May be seen on application to RICHARD RUSSELL, President, New Fairview Corporation, FAIRVIEW, B. C. THE DENVER FIRE CLAY COMPANY, OJ o Z < < ca r u o z 1742 to 1746 CHAMPA ST. DENVER, COLORADO PLATINUM REFINERS New York Office- 121 LIBERTY STREET WE are always in the Market for CRUDE OR NATIVE PLATINUM. BAKER & GO. NEWARK, N. J. THE MINING RECORD. CABLES, PUMPS, ETC. III. ESTABLISHED 1857 A-LESCHEN 6 SONS 920-922 N.FIRST ST., AERIAL WIRE ROPE TRAMWAYS SINGLE AND DOUBLE ROPE SYSTEMS, AND TWO BUCKET TRAMWAYS. ■// LO$#5,N0. BRANCH OFFICES: 92 CENTRE ST.NEW YORKiN.Y. 137 E.LAKE ST. CHICAGO. ILL. 85 FREMONT ST. SAN FRANCISCO^ ffSaESSfed>£^Hfe5^*^|V3raS(E5i^»K>-' ' 'Sli• */±rir-^"•-"' ^^^^^^^^^Pff^^P^^P^^^p^^^^^Mi^raB' Are manufactured in great variety FOR MINING PURPOSES. Operated by Steam, Air, Electric or Water Power. Vertical Sinking Pumps, Bucket or Double Plunger Pattern. Deep Mine Station Pumps. MAKE KNOWN YOUR WANTS TO THE SEND FOR CATALOGUE GEO. E. DOW PUMPING ENGINE CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 2EgE£SS233E2ME3£ SS^^^ES The SMITH-VAILE STEAM PUMPS Are built with special reference to perform the service for which they are Intended with a minimum use of steam. We Build Steam, Power and Electrical PUMPS for Every Possible Duty. Victor Turbine Water Wheels. Air Compressors and Filter Presses. If interested, address THE STILLWELL-BIERCE & SMITH-VAILE CO., 293 Lehman St., DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. IV. THE MINING RECORD. HYDRAULIC PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC. wm^mM ^^t^^'^^p???^^^^^^ ^Pl^lK^^^^^^^^I (f Ble£fdrtsacyo of the Highland Boy SMf^^^^^^^Sf ., Bingham, Utah. EJIpsJSJaffiSRsKjIafe liiiiiis BSdbB HBP v •>••>* jwfefrjj-j-.. ■ ■%£•£■ •*Sg3w5£$r #•; ^:35i^if^^,aas»^~i«S!*a tSSsVl'. H BM^P'. 'ji-V.lI^^VSjfeAj* K^-'V"*0.>^ "£.-. : .^"•Jr^iV ^y»Rii^i^6jK#£-^2M alll^Sl ^^^^mMmMWi B^iiljr^pliMpi ■l^?^ HM||^^Hfc la&/?X::*&;33rx -.. JIvi : ~?-_i:' t ■••a & v'«8^ -■& *HL ■•'"'jig&R&wSw ^^^^^:,^j- c. f*ra%dilHB ^S^^nW^ *&3R ^^^^^^M2 M& JC-^&*V^vX%t^^?;'r fcjXOTgS&S , ^"M****\ Vc^i' K ?-sSj3B '•";7-":t':-;" & ;;V?VS^ pT5&"is^*^tB S^liwwtf'-' ||p"': SSS^vl Sra^&^im SilSiiK- ^v"> siolfe 8k:;S The Bleichert Wire Rope Tramway More Bleichert Tramways in use than all others. Manufactured by The Trenton Iron Co., TRENTON, N. J. Engineers and Contractors and sole licensees in North America for the Bleichert System. Also, Wire Rope Equipments for Cable Hoist-Conveyors, Surface and Underground Haulage, Etc. Illustrated Book Upon application. New York Office—Cooper, Hewitt& Co., 17 Burling Silp. Chicago Office—1114 Monadnock Building. San Francisco Office : Brown, Beal and Co, Agents, Mills Bld'g. ©anion Steel Works The only plant in the United States devoted exclusively to the manufacture of steel for Mining and Railroad construction. Canton Brands are Hammered, not Rolled, and sold under GUARANTEE. Miners Will find the Steel List published by eaNTON STEEL e©'Y, DENVER, e©L©., contains much information which will prove of interest. Mailed upon application. McLennan, McFeely & Go., Agents for VANCOUVER, B. Q. The Hallidie Ropeway For trans porting ore, fuel, earth, sugarcane, etc., by wire rope Simple, Economical, Practical, Durable. Loads Mechanically, Dumps Automatically WIRE TRAMWAYS (Single and Double Rope Systems) CABLEWAYS. INCLINE PLANES. LOGGING BY CABLES. TRANSMISSION BY WIRE ROPE. CABLE GRIPS. AUTOMATIC LOADERS. Plowing, Scraping and Transporting by Wire Ropes, Designed, Supplied and Erected. Estimates Furnished. Improved GRIP PULLEY Patents Nos. 483,442; 610,353. Effective, Simple, Automatic. SAVES WEAR on;wiRE ROPE and CABLE. Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Correspondence Solicited. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS, 46-48 Fremont St, San Francisco, Cal Eastern Agents, MACOMBER & WAYTE ROPE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. The Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ld. MONTREAL, CANADA Manufacturers of All Classes and Kinds of WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES. " LANG'S " PATENT WIRE ROPES FOR COLLIERY AND GENERAL MINING PURPOSES. Branches:-Halifax, N.S.: St. John, N.B.; Ottawa, Toronto, Rat Portage, Ont.; Winnipeg, Man.; Vi Vancouver, B. C, Nelson and Rossland, B. C THE .'MINING RECORD. GENERATORS AND MOTORS. Do You Need A New Hoisting Engine? We Offer the Host Complete Line of Patterns and Designs to Select From of Any Concern in the United States. Our Vulcan Hoist is Built With or Without Link Motion, With or Without Band Friction Clutches. Witti Band or Post Brakes. Brakes, Hand or Steam Actuated. Any combination of the above features desired. Single or Double Drums or Reels. WRITE US of the conditions under which you desire to operate your plant and we will send you complete specifications of a hoist suitable to your requirements. f§**»jKV:;*e** The Hendrie & Bolthoff Manfg and Supply Co. DENVER, COLO., U. S. A. VI. THE MINING RECORD. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. ALL MANUFACTURERS USING ELECTRIC POWER WANT A GOOD MOTOR D. C. MOTOR Bulletin No. 818 A. C. MOTOR Bulletin No. 822 C G. E. MOTOR, Form H. Our Motors Are the Standard of the Worl d. ANADIAN I ENERAL ELECTRIC LIMITED. Head Office, TORONTO, ONT. Factories: TORONTO, PETERBORO, MONTREAL. District Offices: MONTREAL, HALIFAX, OTTAWA, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, VICTORIA, ROSSLAND. S^BEira^i^ THE MINING RECORD. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY, ETC THE FAIRBANKS COMPANY nONTREAL and VANCOUVER. Mine, Mill, Railway, Factory, Engineering and Transmission Supplies. m. W Agents for Canadian Rand Drill Company. Full supply of parts in stock. 151 to 155 Hastings St., VANCOUVER, B. C 747 to 749 Craig St., MONTREAL, QUE. P. S.^HLS© SCHLES HND VflLYES. HAMILTON POWDER COMPANY (Incorporated 1861. Manufacturers of High Explosives, Blasting, Mining and Sporting Powder, Dealers in Electric Blasting Apparatus, Safety Fuse, Detonators, Etc., Etc. BRANCH OFFICE: VIOTORIA HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL. LOCAL OFFICES: VANCOUVER, NELSON, ROSSLAND and GREENWOOD GOODYEAR RUBBER CO. 573. 575, 577 & 579 Market St., '^^©^^ san:francisco, cal. m R. H. PEASE, President and Manager. " Rubber Belting, Packing and Hose 'Crack Proof" and "Snag Proof." PURE RUBBER MINING BOOTS, RUBBER CLOTH ING, MACKINTOSHES, OIL CLOTHING VIII. THE MINING RECORD. Manufacturers The JAMES COOPER MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. MONTREAL, P.Q. INGERSOLL-SERGEANT MACHINERY, Rock Drills, Straight Line, Duplex, and Corliss Air Compressors. Complete nine Equipment of All Kinds. ft Agent for STANDARD DIAMOND DRILL CO) R. A. C. McNALLY, Rossland, British Columbia. Catalogue and Details on Application to \ FRANK DARLING, Molson's Bank Building, Vancouver, B.C. We also manufacture the NORTHY GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE, a handy, convenient and economical little motor that is gaining favor all over Canada, where any one of those characteristics—or all three—are particularly desirable. Send for Booklet. Mine Superintendents and Engineers will find it to their interest to refer to us when in need of anything in the Pump hue. We manufacture Pumping Ma-- chinery of all types, for all services. Send for catalogues and specifications. cunliffe& McMillan, Agents at Kossland. VANCOUVER ENGINEERING WORKS, Agents at Vancouver. Norrie „,, 8 THE 962 King St. Subway ».♦»»»>♦.•«•€♦♦.•♦»♦>♦>•»€« | The Brackman &, Ker Milling Co., Ltd. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Manufacturers of the Celebrated" X Facilities Unequalled for Supplying the West with ♦ the Best Quality of tm Grain, Hay or Mill Feed, m t X Victoria. Y Vancouver X ^YT ROLLL OATS. Nelson. Rossland. New Westminster. Strathcona. (Registered.) Unequalled In the World. | BOYD, BURNS & CO. Plumbing and Engineering Supplies | and Ship Chandlery. ron and Brass Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Injectors, Oil Cups, Lubricators, Asbestos Board Sectional Covering and Asbestos Cement, Leather, Rubber and Link Belting, Wire and Manilla * Rope, Paints and Oils, Chain, Spikes, Loggers' Supplies, Sheet Iron and Other Metals 5l"55 HaStto?S ISVtr Street VANCOUVER, B.C. The Mining Record VOL. IX. DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING RECORD Devoted to the Hining Interests of the Pacific Northwest. PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD, LIMITED H. MORTIflER LAMB, rianaging Editor. Victoria, B. C, Office, Province Building. Vancouver, P. W. Charleson, Hastings Sc. London office: 24 Coleman Street, E. C, Denver, CoL: National Advertising Co. San Francisco: Dake's Agency. Randolph Stuart, Travelling Representative. SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: Canada and the United States, one year ■ Great Britain and Foreign, one year - • Advertising Rates on Application. $2.00 $2.50 Address all communications to The Managing Editor, B. O. Record, Ltd., P. 0. Drawer 645, Victoria, B. C. COAL SUPPLY AND STRIKES. JUDGING from recent occurrences it would appear that the Crow's Nest Pass coal miners are displaying an ill-advised disposition to go out on strike upon the very slightest provocation, the strike this month at Michel, happily short-lived, being a case in point. The men are creating by their tendency in this regard a prejudice against themselves in the public mind, and selfishly injuring important interests in other localities. The feeling of the great body of the people towards mine labourers and workers is that they merit every reasonable consideration that can be extended towards them. Indeed it may be said with truth that the dangerous and difficult nature of their occupation entitles miners, and coal miners especially, to the hearty sympathy of all classes of the community, and the general disposition is to extend to them every protection and advantage to which they can make any colour of claim. Our statute books furnish evidence of this, and the attitude of the press towards miners on strike is cor roborative. But this sympathy may easily be alienated, and there is no surer way of bringing about such a result than the course which apparently commends itself to the judgment of the Crow's Nest Pass Miners' Union leaders. The relation of the coal miners in the locality mentioned towards the mining industry of Southern British Columbia is very intimate. If coal is not mined, coke cannot be produced, if coke is not produced smelting operations cannot be carried on, and without the operation of smelters near at hand the profitable working of most of the British Columbian mines is impossible. A stage has been reached in this province, when by the production of good coke at a moderate price, the provision of transportation facilities and the erection of smelters, the successful working of our copper mines has been removed from the field of doubt. If labour conditions remain tranquil, there is every reason to look for a considerable investment of capital, and the consequent employment of a very large number of people at good wages, and a consequent increased prosperity of the whole community. This harmonious working of . the several interests concerned can be dislocated by a refusal of either one of them to act fairly. But if | smelter owner is unreasonable he can be brought to terms. \ If a railway company, is exorbitant in its charges, there is a remedy at hand. The owners of the Crow's Nest Pass coal mines are tied down by their agreement with the Government as to prices. Even if these things were not so, the several businesses mentioned would be compelled by self-interest to take a reasonable attitude towards each' other. Capitalists are not likely to be guilty of the egre- eious folly of rendering- each other's investments unprofitable, if they can avoid doing so. Each may endeavour, and naturally will endeavour, to make the best possible bargain for himself, but none of them is ever likely to adopt the suicidal policy of tying up industry, that is, of rendering invested capital unproductive, simply because he cannot have his own way. Tt is only among the miners that we find such a course favoured. At the instigation of, generally, irresponsible leaders, who in many cases foment trouble only, for the sake of justifying their leadership, coal miners do not hesitate to go on strike and throw the whole industrial machinery out 394 THE MINING RECORD. of gear. Because some grievance, which may be relatively trivial, is not remedied in such a manner as he deems proper, the agitator orders a strike, and the men. respond without taking into consideration that their action is almost certain to be far-reaching and affect hundreds of innocent wage-earners in other localities. It is very clear that, if the mining interests of British Columbia are to be placed upon a sound basis and if the general prosperity of the country is to be promoted, steps must be taken to prevent the dislocation of connections that are absolutely necessary to the successful prosecution of business. No one wishes to deny to coal miners that reasonable measure of protection, to which in common with ever- one else they are entitled; but it is insufferable that great industries shall be brought to a standstill arbitrarily for causes, which are inconsiderable and unimportant compared to the consequences resulting from strikes. Without entering into any discussion of the labour question, as it is viewed by the miners' unions, it may be incontrovertibly asserted that the strike should be the last resort of employees who have a grievance, instead of being, as it too often is, the first to be proposed. If the laws of the country are not sufficient to secure this, they should be made sufficient. In a British country the right of an individual to refuse to work until objectionable conditions have been rectified will hardly be denied; but it is a fundamental principal of the common law that combinations may be unlawful even though the act for which they are founded might be lawful in the case of an individual. An effort on the part of one portion of the community to coerce another portion of it to a certain line of action ever was hateful to the common law, and we are drifting away from those principles, which are the foundation of our liberty, when we permit the continuance of combinations, either of labour or capital, which attempt to' bring about by coercion what cannot be secured by the regular operation of the laws. The establishment of an imperium in imperio in Canada would be intolerable, even if it is regarded with complaisance in the United States. It is said that a prominent public man in the latter country on being ushered into the presence of President Roosevelt and Mr. Mitchell, president of the Mine Workers, grasped each of them by the hand exclaiming: "I have the honour to greet two great presidents." This sort of thing may suit the hysterical and spectacular politics of the United States, but it is certain to lead to disaster in "the end. The Government of all the people must be supreme, and it is a wrong principle which puts a voluntary associa tion, no matter for what purposes it may be established, upon anything like an equal plane with the government of the State. Unless all men are equally subordinate to the general government; unless there is only one legislative body in the State whose mandates all the people must obey; unless there is only one tribunal recognized, either avowedly or tacitly, for the settlement of disputed questions between citizens, confusion is bound to ensue, property rights are sure to be jeopardized and individual liberty will cease to exist. The government, the legislature and the tribunal for the administration of the law may be subdued to whatever degree experience may show to be necessary, but they must all have their origin and sanction in the consent of the governed. To this fundamental principle, without which liberty is a dream and permanent prosperity an impossibility, the right assumed by labour organizations to dictate strikes, when and upon such provocation as suits the sweet will of irresponsible leaders, is absolutely antagonistic, and the safety of the State, and not less the safety of miners and other wage-earners, than of any one else, demands that the best judgment of the community shall be devoted to the discovery of a means by which the constantly recurring strikes can be prevented without doing an injustice to the wage- earning class. Than a strike there can be no more injurious course, whether the result is regarded as it affects wage-earners, employers or the community generally. The great anthracite strike in the United States proved this, and it also proved that the men, who suffered least from it, were those against whom it was directed. The miners and the wage-earning classes in the great cities and elsewhere were those upon whom the force of the blow came." Therefore in pleading for legislation that shall render strikes not only needless but impossible, we feel that we are consulting the interests not only of miners and mine vners, but of the community at large. owi THE PROPOSED NORTHERN RAILWAY. IF there is anything in indications, British Columbia is on the eve of a period of very active railway construction. Mr. James Plill, president of the Great Northern Railway, avows his intention, so it is said, of extending that system through the southern portion of the province, and the Grand Trunk contemplate the important undertaking of constructing a transcontinental line to the Coast within five years. But the project, which at the present time is attracting more attention than any other is the Canadian Northern Ry.—a line of which there is already THE MINING RECORD. no less than 1,500 miles in operation and which is doing a large and highly profitable business. This system is to be extended through British Columbia to the western terminus, and apparently the people of this province will soon be called upon to consider what assistance they will afford the company. By the Act of the session of 1902 the Province offered the company a cash bonus of $5,000 a mile for 480 miles on the mainland of the Province, that is between Yellow Head Pass and Bute Inlet, and a like sum per mile for 150 miles between Seymour Narrows, Vancouver Island, and Victoria. It was generally understood at the time that this amount of aid would not be regarded by the company as sufficient, and it is currently reported that the Legislature will be asked to supplement it by a land grant. It is not intended in this article to discuss the desirability of acceding to the wishes of the company in this regard, but only to present some suggestions which present themselves in connection therewith. A very important consideration, and one that will naturally have great influence with the Legislature, is the question of route. It would probably be found impossible to carry a subsidy bill through the present House unless provision were made that the main line of the railway shall be extended to Vancouver Island and Victoria is made a terminus. There is little use in discussing the advisability of adopting such a route or of attempting to show that another one would be more in the interests of the Province. The members for the Island constituencies, with an eye to future elections, will make the Island section of the line and the Victoria connection a sine qua non of their support. There are reasons why the company might prefer such a route. Naturally they will be desirous of having the western terminus of their system at a point where there is already obtainable business and the possibilities of Vancouver Island are of themselves sufficient to lead any new transcontinental line to desire to participate in the business certain to be developed there. So important from a traffic point of view is a Vancouver Island connection likely to prove in the by no means distant future, that it is easy to understand that a company, even if it contemplates ultimately making its chief ocean terminus at Kitimaat or some other northern harbour, would be not only willing, but quite desirous, of making this connection an integral and essential part of its undertaking, provided sufficient inducement in. the way of subsidy is forthcoming. Therefore it is not likely that the attitude of the Island members will at all interfere with the plans of the company, or that insistence upon the Island connection will in the least delay the undertaking. How the proposal will commend itself to the members from the Southern Mainland constituencies is not at this time very clear. The vote on the subsidy bill of last session does not afford any reliable criterion as to how the House will deal with a new proposal. From a strictly local point of view, it may be said that Yale-Kootenay and the Lower Fraser Valley have no great interest in the Canadian Northern, if it is to be constructed through Cariboo and down by way of the Howathco Valley, Bute Inlet and Vancouver Island to Victoria. But it is likely that the people of those localities will not be influenced by such a narrow view. They will, we think, be inclined to regard the question broadly from the Provincial standpoint, and enquire as to what extent such a railway will open up new regions for exploitation. Existing transportation facilities affect only a comparatively small part of this Province, approximately only one-fourth of its entire area, leaving three- fourths, or say 250,000 square miles practically in a state of nature in this respect. Some highways have been built and trails have been cut, and on some of the rivers steamers ply more or less regularly, but speaking generally it may be said that this vast area, which is twice as great as that of the British Isles and far greater than any European country except Russia, is practically without modern means of transportation, and it is to the interests of the country that these should be afforded a't any reasonable price. Those familiar with the history of British Columbia are aware that it was to the development of the territory through which it is now proposed to build the railway that the early settlers looked for the future importance of the Province. At a time when Kootenay was an unknown and unexplored region, Cariboo was considered the most important section of British Columbia. Even before the discovery Of gold attracted attention to this field, explorers had reported favourably upon the resources of what was then called New Caledonia. North of Cariboo is a great extent of country of which much may be rea- . sonably expected. Northern British Columbia is of less average altitude than the Central and Southern parts of the Province, and this difference in elevation compensates to a very considerable degree for the difference in latitude. There is not the least doubt that the area along the Northern portion of the Province is quite as well adapted for settlement and the prosecution of various industries as is the Central portion. At the present time the only concrete proposal be- !B" 396 THE MINING RECORD. fore the people of British Columbia in regard to railway construction north of the Canadian Pacific is that of the Canadian Northern Railway Company, although the officials of the Grand Trunk system have made public the intentions of that company to construct a transcontinental line to a point in this Province. There is abundant room for both systems, not only in the prairie region but West of the Rocky Mountains. From the most northerly point on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Northern boundary of the Province the distance is 640 miles, and for more than a hundred miles further north a country worthy of development is to be found. That is to say, there is in all a region approximately 800 miles wide lying north of the C. P. R. that will probably be found to repay any well considered plan for its exploitation. But- meanwhile, as we have said, only the Canadian Northern, so far as is known has officially placed its plans before the Government of the Province. What those plans are can only be surmised at present and until they are definitely stated, any discussion of them would be premature. It is not too soon, however, to express the hope that a favourable consideration will be given to any reasonable proposal that may be made; that is, that the company's request for assistance will be regarded as being on behalf of an enterprise, which will be of incalculable value to the Province. THE OLALLA SWINDLE. TO publicly express the opinion that an undertaking is a swindle is libellous. If the Olalla Copper Mining and Smelting Company is not a swindle, it is a very fair imitation of one; and if the promoters of the undertaking are not knaves they 'are very dangerous lunatics with any amount of method in their madness. In any case they should be put under restraint. We had hoped that the exposure of the company's methods in the Engineering and Mining Journal; oi New York, would have been sufficient to check the ardour of Mr. William T- Brewer and his confederates, but that individual evidently was not at one time a Salvationist to no purpose. Also the Engineering and Mining Journal, one should have remembered, is not read by the class reached by the New York World, nor is the Mining Record for that matter; and herein lies one's power- lessness. If the Eastern daily and financial newspapers sought or were on th^ lookout for expressions of opinion from local authorities as to the bona fides of such concerns as the Olalla swindle, it would be dif ferent, but with the representative "yellow journal" press sensationalism or a possibility of an advertisement are much more powerful considerations, and a sensational fiction is generally to be preferred to a sensational fact. Still it is something to have entered a protest in the hope that it will be productive of some good. The method by which the promoters of the Olalla Company are endeavouring to obtain money under false pretences is ingenious in the extreme. Their use of both the suppressio veri and of the suggestio falsi is really admirably skilful and it is reasonably certain that a hook so cleverly baited will catch many fish of the variety well, though not very elegantly, termed "suckers." As we have already in a previous issue given an illustration of the method adopted by the Olalla Company of advertising in the New York daily press, it is hardly worth while to refer especially to the full page announcements which have been appearing the past few weeks in the pondrous Sunday editions of the World, except to say that if possible the language is even more grotesquely exaggerated, the statements even more glaringly misleading. The concern has acquired some 63 very partially developed prospects, some not developed at all. It may be confidently asserted that no qualified engineer has estimated or would estimate that in all these claims there is even a few thousand tons of ore in sight, yet the promoters of the concern have the bare-faced effrontery to suggest, and suggest in such a manner that it becomes a statement, that the profits on one year's operations will be $900,000, that the earnings of a fictitious smelter will be $900,000, and that the profits of a problematical railway will be $1,500,000. The "mines" are incidentally compared with, as having "a greater copper value than the ores of the famous dividend paying mines, the Calumet and Hecla, the Anaconda, the United Verde, whose stocks are selling at' many times their par value," and Mr. Brewer, a most villianous looking person judging from his published portrait, is, by an alleged interviewer in the same newspaper, described as being in temperament much like Mr. Roosevelt, and like Moses, Christ and Lincoln in that he developed his "tremendous powers in the solitude and peace of the country." It is astonishing that a metropolitan newspaper, however debased, should publish such inconceivable twaddle; it is still more astonishing- that sane men should be impressed by it. The State Mineralogist of California has, of late, done much to discourage and expose "wild-cat" operations in that territory. Our own Department of Mines might well, in such extreme cases as this, adopt somewhat similar measures. 'HE MINING RECORD. 39i ■I" 'I I The silver-lead mine operators of the Slocan and other producing districts appear now to be unanimous upon the lines on which a recommendation should be made to the Federal Government with a view to the affording of relief and protection to the industry, and at a meeting held for the purpose the following resolutions were passed:— "This meeting of silver-lead miners is of the opinion that a protective tariff on imported lead in ores, pig lead and its products is desirable subject to the conditions that it be clearly shown and assurance given that such tariff will be of direct benefit to the silver-lead miner rather than the smelters and refineries only. "We would further recommend that lead bullion, smelted and refined and otherwise, treated in bond in foreign countries, be re-admitted to the Dominion of Canada upon the payment of an ad valorem duty of 15 per cent, of the cost of smelting and refining, corroding or other process of manufacturing." The question is full of difficulties, for which the comparatively sparse population of the Dominion and the consequent limited consumption of lead and lead products by the country itself, but nevertheless a greater measure of relief and a general betterment of conditions is much more likely to be brought about by an adjustment of the tariff than by the alternative suggestion of inducing the Government to grant a bounty on lead ores. It is meanwhile satisfactory to remark that so eminent an authority as Mr. J. R. Wilson, vice-president and general manager of the Thomas Robertson & Co., Ltd., metal merchants of Montreal, after testifying to the excellent quality of British Columbian lead, has expressed the opinion that there is no reason why, by tariff adjustment, the corroding of pig lead should not become an active industry in Canada, and that all-the white lead used, amounting to about 9,000 tons annually, should not be manufactured in our own country from our own raw material. Washington coal. The opening of this railway means also a great deal to the Le Roi Company, whose smelter at Northport will thus be supplied, with coke at a cheaper rate. Meanwhile in the Flathead Valley, to the south of the Crow's Nest, large coal areas are reported to have been discovered this year, over 200 applications having been made to the Government during the past few months for permission to prospect for coal and petroleum in South East Kootenay. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company also sent this last summer a party of surveyors and explorers into the Flathead Valley and discoveries of an important nature are reported to have been made. The area prospected this year embraces a territory of nearly 200 square miles, throughout which the indications are said to be extraordinarily promising. It is thought that the Canadian Pacific Railway contemplate building branch lines from Crow's Nest into this country in the near future and preliminary surveys have been made from the Morrisey coal fields in a south-easterly direction down a tributary of Lodge Pole Creek, and thence east to the headwaters of the Flathead River. Another survey for a railway has also been made from a point on the Crow's Nest branch road, near Elko, southward down the Wigwam River, and thence north and east to the Flathead. The work of constructing a branch line of the Great Northern railway into the Crow's Nest is now approaching completion, and by the opening of this road another important market for the product of the East Kootenay collieries will be afforded. It is stated semi-officially that -the charge for haulage on coal from the Morrisejr mines to Spokane will be two dollars per ton, and consequently dealers can be supplied at $3.75. The retail price should not therefore exceed $5.00 a ton, or a dollar per ton less than consumers at present-are required to pay for the local Looking to the future, no mining developments this year have, perhaps, been so important as those which have taken place in the historic district of Cariboo. Until next season the result of the work will not be definitely known, but if as is expected, the ancient river-bed systems can be successfully tapped, and the gravels yield anything like the six dollars to the cubic yard, as estimated by local men, it is impossible to exaggerate the future possibilities of this class of mining. This month, rather sensational returns are reported to have been obtained from placer mining on a small scale in the working of a long abandoned claim in the vicinity of Lightning Creek —once a famous productive centre. Thus in two days eighty-five ounces were taken out from one set of timbers, eight-foot cap, and previous to that 206 ounces were recovered as a result of seven days' working. Later again a telegraph message to the Ashcroft Journal announced that from one spot a pan of gravel was taken and found to contain 56J ounces of gold, valued at nearly a thousand dollars. The extent of this ground, however, has not as yet been determined. If it runs into Lightning Creek the area will be necessarily limited, but if, as is quite possible. 398 THE MINING RECORD. the pay-gravel follows another direction, the discovery will be a most important one. A Rossland explanation of the seemingly conflicting statements contained in the cablegram sent by the late manager of the Le Roi No. 2 to the London Board, the one to the effect that the ore since October the 15th averaged $i8per ton, and another immediately following advising a suspension of shipping operations on the grounds that copper values predominated and that better terms might be obtained from the smelters by such means, is, that the very fact that copper constituted the principle values in the ores, which are reasonably high-grade, justified Mr. Thompson's recommendation; for a high- grade copper ore is naturally less costly to smelt than a refractory ore of the same character containing little copper, and a relatively large gold value. To our minds the two cablegrams are quite reconcile- able, but there seems to be room for explanation to account for the heavy selling of the shares just previous to the publication of the telegram which was responsible for the considerable fall in the stock market quotations. It is not unreasonable to suppose, as the London Mining Journal suggests, that some holders were in advance of others with their information. If, however, the mine is in the same condition as it was reported to be by Mr. MacDonald some few weeks ago, and if the only reason for suspending shipments is that attributed, the decline in the value of the shares on the strength of the telegram alone was causeless enough. At the annual general meeting of the Centre Star Company, held the. other day in Toronto, a financial statement was submitted to the shareholders showing that the undertaking's indebtedness was now being reduced at the rate of $30,000 a month. The total present indebtedness is . $160,028, and consequently in less than six months' time the company will be entirely free from debt. In other words, the Centre Star Company is earning profits sufficient to pay a dividend of nearly seven per cent, per annum on its somewhat excessive nominal capital of three and a half millions, or over twenty per cent, on the selling price of the shares to-day. This notwithstanding the low price of copper, and the fact that as yet no method of successfully treating the lower gra^e-prCcfucts of the mine has been introduced—a problem that ere long will certainly be successfully solved. The showing of the Le Roi is even more satisfactory, and next year it may be confidently ex pected that both of these important mines will commence and be able to regularly maintain the distribution of substantial dividends. The fact that the Lenora mine is in difficulties will not surprise those who feared and anticipated that somewhat injudicious contracts made mith the Tacoma and Crofton smelters would thus culminate. Nevertheless nothing but sympathy is felt for Mr. Henry Croft, and it is sincerely hoped by all that his .present troubles will be but of a temporary nature and that he will ultimately achieve the success to which his energy and enterprise entitle him. There are few men who- have done more for mining on Vancouver Island than Mr. Croft, and it is perhaps largely because he has attempted more than could be expected from one man not in the enjoyment of robust health, that he has failed as yet to accomplish his purpose. Meanwhile the courts have granted a winding-up order, but an appeal has been taken from this, and before the case is settled it is probable that either a purchaser will be found for the mine, or arrangements will be satisfactorily made for the re-construction of the company and the raising of the additional capital required by a debenture issue, most of the creditors, we understand, being agreeable that such a course should be pursued. In an interview the other day, Mr. Brownlee, a Dominion Land Surveyor, spoke very encouragingly of the future of the Atlin district, which, he stated, had produced more gold, per capita, this year than ever previously, individual miners having earned on an average from four and a half to five dollars a day, while, of course, instances of much higher results are recorded. Many of the more successful miners are remaining in the camp this winter to engage in drifting operations. Thus on Gold Run, a half-dry tributary of Pine Creek, nine steam hoists and pumps are in operation, and on the north benches of Pine Creek extensive work is in progress. Mr. Brownlee has resided in the Atlin district since the announcement of the first discoveries and is therefore well qualified to express an opinion on the subject of gold mining there. The exceedingly welcome intelligence has been received that the Customs Department at Washing- Ion has decided that Canadian zinc ores may be admitted into the United States free of duty. The decision, of course, is an all-important one so far as the profitable mining of this class of ore in the Slo- THE MINING RECORD 399 can is concerned, and very considerable developments in that district may be now expected in consequence. There are also valuable deposits of zinciferous ores in certain sections of East Kootenay, but through lack of adequate facilities for transport these will hardly be available for exploitation for some time to come. The London Critic thus comments on the writings of one "H. F. S.," who is "doing" Canada for Sir George Newnes' evening paper, and is rather quaint in' his comments on British Columbia. "Even an expert," he says, "would have found it difficult to write a report on the mineral resources of the Kootenay, viewed, so to speak, from the top of a coach, or in the light of roseate after-dinner speeches." Which shows, our contemporary aptly remarks, "how little some people know of 'experts.' Why, 'experts' have written reports on B. C. properties from the top floor of Winchester House; and as for not doing it after dinner, that is just the very time they prefer." And if that is true, that is what the poor man is paid for. As has been remarked, your London promoter does not buy mines; he buys reports. CHEAP LABOUR. (By Clive Phillipps-Wolley.) THE scarcity of labour appears to be the difficulty which confronts those who would develop South Africa. It has long been the principal obstacle to progress in British Columbia. Given cheaper labour and plenty of it, nothing could prevent an enormous provincial development in the immediate future, a development not only of mining but of agriculture and the result of this latter development would more than compensate the greatest number of our citizens for the diminution of the wage earned by a number of individuals. It is manifest that the actual number of dollars received by each man matters nothing. It is not the dollar itself, but the purchasing power of the dollar which tells, and if by the development of agriculture, food supplies could be so cheapened that one dollar would buy then what it takes two dollars to buy now, the man earning two dollars a day would be better off then than he now is with his three dollars a day. But this is obvious. The question here and in South Africa is how to obtain an ample supply of really cheap labour, and here we lay all the stress upon those words "really cheap," for just as a dollar which will buy a sack of flour is worth more than two dollars in a country where flour is two and a half dollars a sack, so labour at three dollars a day which will accomplish as much as labour at two dollars a day will accomplish in twice that time, is the real cheap labour. It seems that two leading articles have appeared in the reviews this month upon the subject of cheap labour for South Africa, ln one of these it is contended that "white labour is the economy of the wealthy, black labour the extravagance of the poor." If you substitute for black the word "Mongolian" we endorse this sentiment most heartily. But we know nothing of black labour and admit at once that there are strong- arguments in favour of black labour in South Africa which do not apply to Chinese labour in British Columbia. South Africa is the black man's country: he is by nature specially adapted to the climatic conditions of that country; the white man is not. The black men constitute the principal population of that country and if unemployed, may and probably would, give so much trouble as to interfere with the peaceful prosecution of the mining industry, and the black man appears to be content with seven and a half- dollars a month. Besides all this, he is reported to be a big, strong fellow, able to do a day's work with anyone. None of these arguments apply to the Chinaman in British Columbia. This is not his country: it is not even a country as well adapted to his constitution as it is to a white man's. He does not become a citizen of the country he works in, and he wants almost as much for his day's work as the white man wants for working the same number of hours at twice the pace. It seems to us that the first question from a common sense standpoint is, what do we get for our money from the Chinaman, and the white man. All other questions of national utility and sentiment may, in such a journal as this, be considered later on. It would be easy, of course, to quote ex parte statements made by Western Canadian politicians seeking votes, or of labour men seeking to secure a monopoly of such labour as there is in the country at the best possible rate for them, but we are in a position to quote the public statement of a witness who should be well informed and who, above all things, is a leader in the pro-Chinese camp. The one argument of any weight used by the pro-Chinese in this country is that British Columbia needs cheap labour, and that the Chinese labour is the only cheap labour available. But Mr. Ho Yon, the Chinese consul general in San Francisco, in an article which he recently contributed to the North American Review, says : "Unfortunately Chinese labour is not cheap. Compared with the cost of American labour, it is dear indeed." In another place he says: "When they (the Chinese) do equal work they are paid as much as the white labourers." He admits that which we contend for, that a white man does so much more in the day than the Chinaman that it is cheaper to pay the white man three dollars a day than to pay the Chinaman two dollars. Tf that is not what he means, his words have no meaning, but to our mind they are plain and true. There are, of course, far wider points of view than this one. The rapid development of our mines is not everything. If the country is ever to be great, she must have a population able to attain a greatness. She must breed white men for sailors to control that 400 THE MINING RECORD. great carrying trade of the Pacific which geography and her deposits of mineral and coal and her seaboard forests of ship-building timber have put within her reach, and you cannot breed white men if you fill the country with rice-eating bachelor Chinamen. But it is not necessary to suffer even in pocket for a little while for the sake of the Empire we belong to. If proper efforts are made to induce white men to come here: if better transportation and cheaper freight rates can be procured: if we stop the advertisement of this country in official pamphlets as the only spot in Canada where white men are not wanted because Mongolians fill their places, we may hope for such an immigration of white men that the cost of farm produce and all other necessaries will so fall that wages will fall with them without injury to the wage earners. If we don't do this there is only one other consistent course which we can pursue : a deplorable one from our point of view, but still reasonable from the point of view of the man who only cares for his own pocket and does not care a curse for his country, and that is to let in unemployed, nay, even to assist, the immigration of Mongolians, so that coming in swarms they may compete with one another and so reduce Chinese wages to the level of wages in China. In this way we might develop all our low-grade properties; we might even find better paid employment for all the white men now in the country as "bosses"' of Chinese gangs, but we should lower the standard of that civilization which is the prize for which our nation has been working for centuries and our future would not be that of a great Western sea power enriched by the very trade which enriched our ancestors. We should not become the carriers of the Pacific Ocean as they were, and are, of the Atlantic. THE .MEETING OF SILVER-LEAD MINE OWNERS AT SANDON. (By a Special Correspondent.) A MEETING of those directly interested in the production of the silver-lead ores of the Slocan and East Kootenay was held here on November 20th and 21st on the invitation of Messrs. A. C. Garde, G. W. Hughes and J. M. Harris, of this camp. The meeting.adjourned its first session at midnight without having accomplished anything of a definite nature, but by noon of the following day three resolutions were agreed to before a final adjournment was reached. A further meeting will be called early in December. The resolutions handed out for publication are as follows:— 1 st.—"This meeting of silver-lead miners is of the opinion that a protective tariff on imported lead in ores, pig lead arid its products is desirable subject to the conditions that it be clearly shown and assurance given that such tariff will be of direct benefit to the silver-lead miner rather than the smelters and refiners only." 2nd.—"We would further recommend that lead bullion, smelted and refined and otherwise, treated in bond in foreign countries, be re-admitted to the Dominion of Canada upon the payment of an ad valorem duty of 15 per cent, of the cost of smelting and refining, corroding or other process of manufacturing." 3rd.—"It is hereby resolved that a committee of four, with power to add to this number, be appointed to wait upon the smelters and present to them the recommendations embodied in the resolutions presented by Mr. John L. Retallack at last night's meeting as amended if possible, to obtain from them a satisfactory guarantee that in the endorsement of said resolution by an adjourned meeting of this convention, the smelters will equitably divide with the shippers any and all benefits accruing to them in consequence of passing of legislation on the lines of our recommendation." The following gentlemen were appointed a committee to interview the smelter companies on the lines laid down in the resolution: Messrs. B. N. White, chairman; George Alexander, Geo. W. Hughes and G. D. Potter. NELSON. The silver-lead situation came up before the special meeting of the Nelson Boajd of Trade called for that purpose on the 24th of November. G. O. Buchanan, of Kaslo, occupied the chair and made the most important address. Two sessions were held, in the afternoon and evening. John Houston, M.L.A., moved, seconded by W. J. Wilson: "Whereas it is desirable in the interest of the silver-lead industry of British Columbia that the duties on pig lead and the products thereof imposed by the Dominion should be increased so as to be on a parity with the duties on other raw materials and their manufactures which are the products of Canada; "And, whereas, it is desirable, in the interests of the mining industry generally that all machinery and supplies used in mines and smelters not manufactured in Canada be admitted duty free; "Therefore be it resolved that we request the member in the Dominion House of Commons for Yale-Cariboo. W. A. Galliher, Esq., to press upon the Government the necessity for the legislation outlined above, and that he ask all the members from British Columbia to unite with him so that any representations he may make will be backed up by a united delegation." Messrs. Buchanan and Galliher will place the above resolution before the Sandon mine owners at their meeting next month and endeavour to obtain joint unanimous action on it. A committee of four, one each from the lead mine owners, the smelters, the boards of trade, and the Copper-Gold Mining Association, will go to Ottawa with Mr. Galliher, shortly and present the case of the mining industry of B. C. to the Dominion Government. THE MINING RECORD THE GRANBY MINES AT PHOENIX, B.C (Continued from last month.) T KNOB HILL SURFACE WORKS. HE main surface building in connection with this mine contains a ten-drill Canadian Rand air compressor, boiler plant consisting of a battery of two. 80 horse-power boilers and a dry room. At the head of the quarry a small blacksmith shop iis located. Two men are kept here to sharpen tools. The Knob Hill bins are almost identical with those for bull-dozing and clearing chutes when needed. When more is wanted recourse is had to powder house No. 3. All powder houses are lighted by electricity ; Nos. 2 and 3 are heated by steam. Reference to the photo of the interior of the thawing house shows the steam coils in the centre of the room. Thermometers indicate the temperature, while the floor and shelves are covered with sawdust to deaden vibration. A powder man looks after all three magazines. In the neighbourhood of a ton is used per day. ORE CRUSHER. This crusher is being installed at present. It will THROUGH OCAAQY WORrX/ft63 sc/kce /re reer P . . . 'P°. . . *oo . \ \,to*X ■ WIN^t: '——.. ■already described. They will hold about 1,500 tons. POWDER HOUSES. There are three powder houses. Two of these, No. 1 and No. 2, are located beside a side track of the railroad at a reasonably safe distance from any working. No. 1 is a store house, while No. 2 is the thawing house. No. 3 powder house is situated near No. 1 \ shaft and usually contains from one-half to a ton of Shaft House, Knob Hill Mine. powder together with fuses of different length on which the caps have already been crimped. This magazine is drawn on during the day time when small amounts are wanted at different parts of the workings. A slate is left here on which the men register the amount of powder, number of caps and length of fuse taken also the working in which it is to be used. About 50 ibs. with some fuses is kept in a blind drift on the 200-foot level by No. 1 shaft, and this is used crush the ore from the Knob Hill and quarry workings. In this way a large amount of bull-dozing will be saved and the operations at the smelter will be simplified, as the crusher will operate on a rock 42 inches by 30 inches. It is the intention to build, at some future date, a similar crusher at a lower level to treat the Ironsides ore. '"^^^S^^^^^Ss^^^i 402 THE MINING RECORD. 1 if ■ No. 3 Pit and entrance to No. I Tunnel. Dumping the Skip, Knob Hill Mine. Stripping—Loading Skip. Loading Ore from Bins. wiiiilrli"4'f 1 Pit No. i. New Air Compressor Building. KNOB HILL MINE. 404 THE MINING RECORD. ten-drill compressor at the Knob Hill and the five- drill compressor at the neighbouring War Eagle which has been leased from the company owning that mine. With the advent of a large tonnage output in- and all the drills have been made by the Canadian Rand Drill Co. The new crusher, the hoisting engines at No. i and No. 2 shafts and most of the smaller hoisting engines and all the boilers bear the SLa. Raises from Quarry leading to No. 1 Tunnel, Knob Hill. creased power is needed. A large building 60 feet by name plate of the Jenckes Machine Co. Most of the 120 feet has been constructed and in it an up-to-date hardware in the store room has been made by East- is Interior Blacksmith Shop, Knob Hill Mine. 60-drill Canadian Rand machine is now being set up. It will be operated by electricity. The company's offices are situated in the business part of the town. In different parts of the town the company have erected neat cottages which are rented to married employees. The miners' boarding house known as "The Granby," is a large, well appointed building situated close to the works. It is a fact worthy of note that the large proportion of the machinery and other materials in use is of Canadian manufacture. All the air compressors Gallows frame and engine for stripping operations. ern Canada firms. The Hamilton Powder Co. supply half the powder, the other half being supplied by the Giant Powder Company, whose works are in Victoria. The Rossland Engineering Company make the mine cars, while the motor for the new crusher is from Peterborough. THE MINING RECORD LABOUR CONDITIONS. Phoenix has a rather strong miners' union. It is a branch of the Western Federation of Miners. The scale of wages for the leading positions has been:— Shift bosses, $4.50; machine men, $3.50; timber men, $3-5°; shovellers and car men, $3.00; carpenters, age 1,000 tons per day. With the completion of the new compressor and improved transportation facili- Powder House No. I. Powder House No. 2. $4.00; machinists, $4.00; blacksmiths, $4.00; blacksmith's helper, $3.00; hoisting engineers, $3.50 powder man, $3.50; surface labourers, $3.00. Eight hours a day is the limit for underground work, while ten constitutes a day's work on the surface. The Granby Hotel for miners, Phoenix, B. C. OUTPUT OF THE MINES. 1902 will be the banner year as regards ore production. This is the case notwithstanding the paralyzing effects of the Fernie coal and coke strike and later the lack of water at the smelter. In 1900 the output was 64,533 tons. In 1901 this had increased to 231,763 tons, while this year it will probably aver- 406 THE MINING RECORD. i ORE IN SIGHT." THE discussion on the paper before the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy read by Mr. J. D. Kendall on the subject of "Ore in Sight" and published in the Mining Record, No. 3, Vol. IX, was both lengthy and interesting, and we give below an abstract of the remarks of some of the speakers. Mr. J. PI. Collins thought that the members would agree with nearly everything that Mr. Kendall had said, but not quite everything. In some cases it seemed to him that the author had a little over-done his cautions. In the first page of the paper he said: "On the other hand, if only one side of a mass of ore can be seen, it must be perfectly clear that no one can tell what quantity of ore is in that mass." No doubt that was so, but when he went on to say: "The side visible may show a large area of ore, but quantity of ore involves a third dimension; if this be wanting we cannot possibly know anything about quantity,"—he thought that was a little' too strong. Taking the very common case of a drift on a vein which cut through ore for a certain number of fathoms : it had ore in the back and ore in the bottom. According to Mr. Kendall, they would be justified in saying that there was no ore in sight, because the ore seen in the back and in the bottom had each only one surface visible, so that they came to this reduc'tio ad absurdum, that when they saw ore above and below them, according to the author, taken strictly, would say that there was no ore in sight! No engineer would say that, not Mr. Kendall himself, though, of course, no one could say how much ore there was. They might adopt a sort of standard for their guidance, and this would of course vary in. different districts and with different kinds of ore-bodies. A very convenient standard had been founded in Cornwall, which he thought was seldom seriously -wrong. He was not, of course, speaking of exceptionally narrow veins, nor of very wide veins, but in the ordinary veins of Cornwall, if a drift were put through a vein and the ore was seen above and below, the practical miner had come to this conclusion: "I can very safely reckon upon 4 fath. of ground above me and 4 fath. of ground below me,' and he would say the same of ore seen in an "end." If it were in a mine where the-e were distinct ore-chutes, he would be likely to reckon even more than 4 fath. above and 4 below. If, on the other hand, the ore went in long "courses' he might, perhaps, hesitate to take the full 4 fath., though he did not say that that would certainly be so. But practice told them that in such cases as those to which, he had referred, they would be a great deal nearer the truth by taking that standard of 4 fath. beyond the visible ore-face, than by saying that there was no ore in sight at all. Mr. Cordner-James could not quite agree with Mr. Collins in respect of the adoption of a rule such as that referred to as obtaining in Cornwall for the estimation of ore stated to be in sight. Numerous in stances had come within his knowledge where the adoption of a rule of that kind would be hopelessly wrong; and even having regard to the occurrence of ore in the Cornish mines, he could not agree with the acceptance of a general rule of that nature.. It appeared to him to be very difficult, and indeed practically impossible, to make general rules for the estimation of either quantities or values with regard to ore deposits whose limits had not been strictly defined, and which all knew were so irregular and possessed so many varieties and characteristics of their own. The application to o'ther localities of the rule referred to by Mr. Collins as in use in Cornwall, namely, 4 fath. beyond the actual points at which the ore was exposed, might produce very serious results. Taking, for instance, the very rich ore-bodies in the Kalgoorlie field, where they had probably a thickness of only 9 ft., and a very low angle of inclination, if a level were to be put through an ore deposit of that kind, having' a height of 6 ft., it might be just within the deposit: to then allow 24 ft., above and 24 ft., below for the probable continuation of the deposits, would give a result equally disastrous with those examples referred to in Mr. Kendall's paper. With reference to the two principal suggestions which the author had made, he thought with Mr. Collins that everybody would agree with them. The first was an important one, namely, "that the samples should be taken across the width of the deposit when taking a series, in Order to determine the average value of the ore exposed. The second suggestion was that information obtained second-hand, as it were, and not being the result of the investigator's own work should be acknowledged. As a rule, he believed that was done, for few mining engineers would care to take a responsibility wider than they were bound to assume. Turning to the practice of the estimation of ore reserves, it frequently happened that before any such estimate could be made, the mining engineer had to define the ore- body, and in many cases that could only be done by a proper method of sampling. Mr. E. P. Rathbone considered that there were certain conditions which it would be just as well for mining men to be agreed upon, that was to say as to what allowance should be made in the valuation of a mine for ore that could not be strictly measured, but which might reasonably be expected to continue beyond the "end of the miner's pick." He considered that this question largely depended on the character of the ore occurrence, and the extent of the actual mining work which had already been carried out upon it. Thus in very chuty-pockety gold quartz veins, it would probably be very unsafe to take anything as "ore in sight" which could not be strictly measured; but he would like to ask Mr. Kendall what he would consider could be justly allowed in estimating the future value of a mine, in conditions which came under his notice, in a large mine which had been valued by the vendors at $5,000,000, all of which was claimed to be strictly "in sight." The ore-body consisted of a well-defined and true fissure THE MINING RECORD. 40*i which had been mined upon to a vertical depth of 900 ft., being all in solid pyritic ore from the "'grass roots" downwards, varying in value according to the gold contents from some $10 to $50 per ton. Some 40,000 tons had already been extracted and smelted, and the smelting returns showed a steady average of $30. The average width of the vein, arrived at after taking some 200 separate measurements in the various levels, from the top to the bottom of the mine, showed 15 ft. of practically solid ore. This ore-body had actually been mined on its "strike" for a distance of 5,000 ft. in that and the adjoining property. It was, therefore, only fair to assume that a fissure which had been proved by mining operations to be filled with solid metalliferous contents for a depth of 900 ft., and longitudinally for 5,000 ft., the same vein having also been picked up and worked at various other points over a distance of three and a half miles, was certainly not one which could "pinch out" within even the prescribed distance of 4 fath., which Mr. Collins said was usually taken in Cornwall. In such cases as that, he considered that, as Mr. Kendall point out, a longitudinal section plan of the mine should first be carefully prepared on section- paper, and then the valuer should make it quite clear what stoping areas of the mine he considered contained ore strictly "in sight," and what areas might be fairly allowed to contain ore of a similar value, giving all the factors upon which such estimates were made. Naturally such figures and plans could only be of use to other engineers, who might be sent on behalf of say a purchaser; but in any case they would serve to prove to business men that the basis of valuation was not purely guess-work, but estimated on fair reasoning grounds. Dr. Simon remarked that previous speakers had mentioned cases where one should allow a certain degree of latitude in estimating the ore in sight. He did not agree with that. He thought that as ore in sight one ought only to take that which was absolutely seen by the man who inspected the property. One might assume from the general character of the deposit that there were chances, probabilities, even very great probabilities, of more ore existing, but the estimate of such hypothetical ore ought not to be included in the ore in sight. He could give several instances where mistakes of that kind had been made. Some time ago he was asked to determine the quantity of ore in sight in a large Russian property, which had been stated to be something like 500,000 tons. He, however, could only find 2,700 tons; the previous estimate had been based partially on assumptions. The facts were that that property possessed something like 27 reefs, which were lying more or less parallel through an area measuring about three miles in length and one mile in width. For the whole length of the reefs one could see workings. The reefs were being worked to a depth of some 100 ft., and the company assumed that they would be able to attack the same reefs at a deeper level by putting a general cross-cut through the country about three- quarters of a mile in length, tapping all those veins which apparently crossed there. As a matter of fact the veins vanished at about 150 ft. in depth, as far as payable gold contents were concerned, and could not be worked profitably. That was one example where one could not, even with a large amount of work being carried out, go one inch beyond what one actually did see. He believed the term "ore in sight" had several different meanings to the people who used it. If one asked a prospector what ore in sight was, it was generally a very big figure. The next man who put a different meaning to the expression, was the engineer who acted for the promoter, and the promoter again tried to translate the engineer's figures in a certain way which would help to make a nice prospectus. But the engineer who^ came last, and, after some work had been done, had to face the actual facts, and generally none of the others' figures would come out at what they had been stated to be. The Chairman, Mr. McDermott, thought that a little confusion had arisen in the discussion from the fact that those who had advocated certain "allowances" had been misunderstood as stating those alllowances were "ore in sight." As long as the allowance was justified, and as long as it was separate from what was actually "in sight," it was of course perfectly justifiable, and came within the requirements of the author. Mr. Kendall advocated showing clearly what ground was actually taken as "in sight," and using that term only when it was justified; but Mr. Collins said one must not limit one's estimate of the value to that. They would all agree there was no chance of buying mines if they did. As Mr. Rathbone had pointed out—and it was the experience of every engineer—he would allow the mine credit for more than was in sight, although he would not thereby intend to maintain that ground exposed only on one face was technically in sight. When separately stated thus as an "allowance," which the circumstances warranted the engineer in making, if any readers of his report questioned his judgment they could modify his calculations accordingly. Mr. William Frecheville said it appeared to him that one must take into account the kind of mine one was dealing with. For instance, if one had a chute of ore which was 800 ft. long, one would be justified in giving it credit for more in the bottom than if it were only 100 ft long. When a vein was looking strong and healthy at the bottom one would surely be justified on a commercial basis in assuming that it would go down a certain distance. For instance, if one were dealing with a mine where there was a chute 1,200 ft. long, opened up in the bottom, one would surely not limit the ore in sight to even 24 ft. below the bottom level. Prof. C. Le Neve Foster proposed that they should agree to use the expression "ore in sight" solely in its common-sense and every-day meaning, and confine it to ore that was actually visible, that could actually be seen; in his opinion, therefore, it would be advisable to give up the expression altogether in the case of ore-bodies, the existence of which was 408 THE MINING RECORD. merely inferred and consequently more or less hypothetical. Mr. Trewartha-James agreed with Dr. Le Neve Foster that the term "ore in sight" was a very unfortunate one, and should henceforth be abolished entirely from mining engineers' reports. The expression was misleading, as, properly speaking, no part of an ore deposit in situ underground could ever be said to be in sight; and what engineers calculated as being ore in sight was not so in any rational definition of the term. An ore-body, even if it could be seen on three or more sides, was certainly not in sight in any sense, unless reasonable continuity and homogeneity had first been ascertained beyond question. How often one saw now-a-days in reports some such statement as this:—'"As the ore is not completely blocked out, I give no estimate of the quantity of ore in sight." One could say as much by merely looking at a plan and section, without going near the mine workings. If they should adopt Prof. Foster's suggestion, and abolish this term, they must use some other, such as "ore in reserve," "ore available for extraction," "ore developed," "ore blocked out," or some similar or kindred expression. Whatever the word used, before one could proceed to consider or attempt to estimate the quantity of "ore reserves," one must define the term "ore/ and he thought that the issue depended mainly on that point. To quote Prime, "The idea of the term 'ore' in mining parlance cannot be well expressed in a more precise or scientific manner than by Van Cotta's definition, which, freely translated, is as follows: 'Under the general terms "ores" are comprehended all minerals and mineral aggregates which from their metallic contents attract the attention of the miner.'' After explaining that no particular class of minerals or of rocks necessarily constitute "ores," whilst on the other hand many metalliferous species of the mineral kingdom could not be called "ores" because, either from their nature or the too small pere'entage of the valuable metal they contained, they could not be utilized commercially, Von Cotta gave the following excellent example: "A rock containing 5 per cent, of oxide of iron could not be classed as an ore of iron, because 5 per cent, could not be made payable by any known process, or in other words 'cannot be commercially utilized.'" It had occurred, and might at any time again occur, that a mineral which for a long time was useless to the miner, and on that account was not considered as an ore. had by means of new discoveries become properly included in that catagory, as for instance Blende and Cryolite. Therefore any attempt to lay down definite rules for the estimation of the quantity of ore without rules for first delimiting the boundaries of the deposit to be estimated, and for first determining accurately the physical conditions and the commercial value of the ore, must fail, because the rule one would lay down to-day would change to-morrow. He would give a case in point. Some twenty years ago he was connected with a company working an extensive deposit of copper ore in Venezuela. At that time they had no smelting works, and their instructions from London were to ship no ore of less than a stated contents of copper (probably about 9 per cent.) which would just pay the cost of mining and. shipment. Later on, smelting works were set up, and they then raised the grade of the ore to be shipped to say 10 per cent., all ore below that, but not less than 4 per cent., being sent to the smelting works. Thus, in estimating ore reserves in that enormous deposit in 1880, an engineer would only have calculated ore worth over 9 per cent., whilst a few years later when estimating the same bodies he would extend his measurements and define the bodies down to a 4 per cent, basis. In fact, two entirely different estimates would have to be made on the same ore-body, assuming it to be left untouched in the interval; and, moreover, in the late estimates, the quantities of ore between 4 per cent, and 10 per cent, would have to be separately defined and measured, as also the ore-bodies assaying over 10 per cent. Later improvements in processes and methods might perhaps enable them to treat 2 per cent, ore, and once again the basis for measurement would be changed. In 1880, they had left many hundreds of thousands of tons of copper ore, developed and blocked out, which they never estimated as being available for extraction; but in 1882 these would all have to be defined, measured and calculated. He mentioned this case to support the contention that the quantitative estimation of ore could not be considered, much less proceeded with, until they had defined the commercial value and the boundaries of such ore-bodies. The definitions of other authorities might be cited to show that they were quite agreed on this point that ore did not mean merely a metalliferous or mineralized body, but a metalliferous or mineral mass that might reasonably be calculated or expected to be commercially valuable. He did not know whether he was right in so interpreting it, but he thought that the author in his paper had attempted to consider and to elaborate the quantitative estimation of "ore in sight" without relation to the value of the particular body, and without first determining the factors dependent upon a qualitative investigation of it. It was quite true that, in the latter part of his paper, he dealt with the necessity for defining "ore-shoots" and taking samples, and even stated that the more ' samples they could take, the more likely they were to arrive at the average quality of the bulk of it. The speaker maintained that not only was this thorough sampling desirable, but it was absolutely necessary, and before attempting to estimate quantity he wished it to be laid down that they must establish value, physical character, and working cost. With regard to the many mistakes which Mr. Kendall had very properly placed before 'the Institution, arising perhaps from an incorrect conception of what was meant by ore blocked out—he abandoned the term "ore in sight"—the speaker wished to lay down that by far the greater number and degree of mistakes were made in assigning an average value to ore-bodies THE MINING RECORD. 409 rather than in making mere quantitative estimates of them. He thought it was a fair argument to adduce that very often some of the estimates which had been condemned were strictly correct as to the "quantity" of ore developed. But when the engineer come to assign a certain value to that quantity of ore, errors were disclosed. Generally speaking it was impossible to approach the question of the estimation of an ore-body unless the geological and min- eralogical conditions were first ascertained. It might be interesting to the members to mention one's personal procedure and practice in this matter—he always, when practical and necessary,, made a double sampling before attempting to estimate the quantity of ore in reserve. He was not considering the case when one was a resident engineer, well acquainted with the local conditions, average values, etc., but referred to his practice as a visiting engineer. He then first took a casual or desultory series of samples in relatively small quantities. If anything attracted his attention in the levels and stopes, from difference in the colour or other physical condition, he took a sample from it. He considered this the only way in which they could hope to arrive at a right conclusion, viz., to build up the structure point by point on absolute facts. From that first series of samples, which was not intended to arrive at a definite result either as to average value or quantity, he got the first data on which he could lay out a safe and sure basis for estimation. This preliminary sampling told him how the valuable ore was distributed, and what proportion of the whole might be considered to be payable. With that in view, and with the plan of the mine before him, he then laid out a second scheme of sampling intended to arrive at definite values for defined ore-bodies. No doubt that same practice was followed by many other engineers, but he had never seen it mentioned or described. That seemed to him to be the only way to attempt to estimate the ore in reserve, viz., to first deal with the values and define them. Thus there were not only three dimensions required— length, height, and breadth—but the fourth dimension of value. Mr. Hennen Jennings.—In speaking of "ore in sight" it seemed to him that there were two distinct points of view which it could be regarded: first, the amount of ore in sight, in a mine whose future working the engineer is required to forecast; and, secondly, the ore in sight, in a mine upon which the engineer is required to make a valuation with the object of purchase. Theoretically the ore actually blocked out should be the same.in both cases, but the discussion of the future ore possibilities would be very much more serious in the second case. In regard to the valuation of an ore deposit, he believed that the district in which it was situated and the past history of the mine were most important factors, and that values obtained by sampling small sections should be modified by these considerations. When there was utterly insufficient data for making any estimate as to ore in sight, the engineer should clearly state this fact, and demand the continuation of prospecting. Yet he would often be required to make some working hypothesis on slight and insufficient data, in which case he must boldly show his limitations. The sketch system of showing all development work and ore blocked out—recommended by Mr. Kendall—struck him as an excellent suggestion, for nothing would bring more clearly before an engineer what he actually knew, and what he had to surmise, than an accurate carrying out of this system. In writing a report, it was necessary to keep in mind and to show what was absolutely known, what relied upon, what believed, what hoped, what feared, and what the conclusions were, based on the above facts. Mr. R. T. Bayliss felt that the Institution was under an obligation to Mr. Kendall for bringing the matter forward. It was a question which interested him personally very much, for, during the past four or five years it had been his duty and his misfortune to have to read through upwards of 1,500 reports on various mining properties. He thought he might venture to say that not more than 5 per cent, of them contained estimates on the subject under discussion which would enable him or any other man to form a correct idea as to what the absolute value of the so-called "ore in sight" might be in any one of those mines. He did not think that the term "ore in sight" was quite a happy one to use. Most of the speakers devoted their remarks to the tonnage of the ore in sight, but in suggesting allowances he did not see that they said very much as to the values. He had found in his experience that it was much easier or more safer to discount the future as to the tonnage, than as to the value. In such cases, one must naturally be very largely guided by the circumstances. He had found from his own bitter experience that to estimate much in the way of values below what one could absolutely see was remarkably dangerous. In illustration of that he would like to mention a mine with which the chairman was familiar—the Drum Lummon Mine, in Montana. That mine had been opened for a depth of 400 ft.; on the 400-ft. level it had been developed longitudinally for about 3,000 ft., and in that 3,000 ft. they had ore-chutes' aggregating not less than 1,500 ft. They averaged about 10 ft. in width, and from $40 to $50 per ton. When that level was opened up, he thought they had the biggest mine in the world, and at that time he would have said that anybody making an examination for purchase might have been justified in assuming a great deal below that depth. When they got to the 500-ft. level, at the point where the cross-cut first reached the lode it sampled about $20 per ton. They thought that that was merely a little local impoverishment, and paid small atention to it. At the 800-ft. level it was worth nothing, and subsequent developments proved that those big ore-bodies, which had been uniformly rich from the surface, at 25 ft. below the 400-ft. level were practically of no value. With that illustration in his mind, it would probably not be thought unreasonable for him to be extra cautious 410 THE MINING RECORD. in giving a mine credit for anything more than he could see. He noticed in the discussion at the last meeting that some speakers thought it would be quite unreasonable not to estimate something in the way of ore in sight where there was merely one exposure, i.e., where a drift had been advanced under an ore- body. There again he had had another bitter experience. He took a bond upon a mine in Montana, a carbonate of lead mine, and they ran a drift from the bottom of the shaft about 80 ft. deep, advanced it between 500 and 600 ft., and met with several bunches of pay-ore running from a few feet up to 30 or 40 ft. in length. They thought they had a great thing. When they came to break them, they found that they went neither up nor down; they were just little "kidneys" in the vein. For that reason, personally, he would not be disposed to allow very much on a single exposure. Above all things he thought they should be careful that a discussion on this subject should not mislead the students of the Institution. He would not like to think that they might in after years, if they made mistakes by over-estimating, refer back to the Transactions and find in this discussion a justification for almost any kind of estimate that they might like to make. For that reason he urged upon the members who had spoken and the members who were about to speak that they should try to lay down a very hard and fast line for the students to follow, i.e., that they should consider as ore in sight only ore which was in sight and not that which was not in sight, and that they should state absolutely, frankly, and with great care, the actual ore in sight, or, as he would prefer to put it, the net profit exposed by the development of that date. They might suggest, if they liked, by way of supplement, how much, in their.opinion a purchaser might be justified in adding as the unknown value of the mine; but under all conditions they should put before their employers, and the persons for whom the reports might be made, a plain statement of facts which need not be discounted at all, and which would enable a man of ordinary business sense to form his own opinion as to the value of the property. Mr. E. H. Davies thought the discussion had already shown that the author might rightly have claimed that his subject embraced one of the most important questions which they were called on to solve. He believed that each one of them had been tripped up by it at some period or other of his professional career. Certainly all possible sources of error should be eliminated, but he feared it was impossible to reduce the question to an exact mathematical formula. In their younger days they would perhaps have lightly gone to work with a tape and a slide rule, and so arrived at a result more or less misleading. But the longer and more extensive their experience became, the more they realized the difficulties of the situation. If deposits of metalliferous minerals were of the same regular nature as coal seams, their task would be easier; but knowing as they did the extremely irregular manner in which the majority of mineral veins occur, he thought they might properly hesitate before giving a definite opinion as to the amount of ore in reserve, and even make it contingent on various circumstances. Mr. Collins had alluded to the rough-and-ready Cornish method of allowing 6 fath. as the safe limit for estimating extensions, and he knew that some American engineers allowed a margin of 50 ft. under similar conditions. Now the depth of an ore-body below the floor of a level may be no thicker than that of a coat of paint, or it may extend as in the Rand mines, for a mile or more. Evidently, therefore, the questionbe- came one of the individual experience and capability of the inspecting engineer.. There was another point to which he though^ reference should be made, and that was the disposition of certain boards of directors to urge their engineer to make the most favourable estimates possible. On some future occasion it would, he thought, be profitable to discuss the pernicious influence of market manoeuvres on mining operations. Should the engineer yield in a moment of weakness to the pressure of his directors and his estimate unluckily prove afterwards to be incorrect, then he would find himself in an extremely awkward situation. The system advocated by Mr. Kendall of furnishing a section of the mine with an estimate, showing the ore-bodies which might fairly be said to be "in sight" as well as those which, though not actually in sight, might reasonably be expected to develop into ore in reserve, was certainly good; and if the dimensions of the lode as well as its average assays were given, it would provide a permanent record of the data on which the estimate was made. Mr. A. G. Charlton thought with Mr. Kendall that a hard and fact line should be drawn by engineers between what might be termed actual facts and what were simply estimates or matters of opinion. There were doubtless instances, for example in a level driven off a vein, in which some allowance might properly be made for ore which was not technically "in sight," but which there was reasonable probability to suppose existed. And though custom might uphold and even justify an arbitrary procedure such as that quoted by Mr. Collins in Cornwall, it did not seem to him a good plan under any circumstances to place a fixed limit on ore which although visible in a bottom or end, had not been blocked out. If such ore was to be included at all in an estimate as "in sight," the allowance made for it ought to. be governed by the length of the chute exposed, the average width of the vein, the trend of the ore chutes, and other factors. For instance, if a vein had shown a gradual tendency to narrow down, one might scarcely be able to calculate upon its holding down to any assumed depth; but if it showed a tendency to widen out, and there was little danger of its being faulted horizontally, one might justly reckon on considerable depth. In this connection, however, it was necessary to take into account whether such variations in size had occurred before; in other words, whether it represented merely a temporary feature or indicated that the vein might pinch-out altogether; THE MINING RECORD. 411 whether faulting was a common incident in other mines in the district; the nature and influence of such faults; and whether they had been met with at a certain depth or in certain zones of country. To include visible ore not blocked out in "ore in sight," seemed to him, however, to be, so to speak, forestalling one's future reserves, which might land one in serious difficulties, apart from the risk that must always be involved in making such estimates. In cases of this sort, at any rate, he thought some qualifying expression ought to be employed, such as "probable ore in sight," and it was much better not to attempt to calculate on any actual tonnage of ore as being an available asset until it was blocked out. Mr. Kendall, in reply to Mr. Rathbone, said: Ore blocked out could be estimated with sufficient exactness for commercial purposes, so that a purchaser might be willing to take it at io, 12 or 15 per cent., plus redemption according to the character of the deposit and according to the completeness of the blocking out. Moreover, it might be possible for an engineer to ascertain the quantity and the quality, of course, without knowing- anything more about the deposit than could be gained from a study of the ore to be actually measured. But when one came to form an opinion as to the quantity of ore outside the ore blocked out, one entered upon a much more difficult problem, perhaps the most difficult wijth which an engineer had to contend, and one which required a much better training and wider experience than was needed in the estimation of ore in sight. Moreover, it was necessary to take a much wider view. One not only required to examine the whole of the mine with which one" was concerned, but to gain as much insight as possible into the behaviour of adjacent deposits, if there were any, and into the geological structure of the ground immediately surrounding the mine under consideration. Even then it required the very greatest caution not to include too much of the unknown; and with all those precautions it might not be wise in some deposits to purchase at less than 30 or 40 per cent, plus redemption, arid, in certain instances, then only as a deferred annuity. "Ore in sight," or, preferably, "ore blocked out," being a measurable quantity, should never be included with ore not blocked out, which was not a measurable quantity in anything like the same sense of the word. MINING IN THE MT. SICKER DISTRICT. SOME years ago there was little thought of mining on Vancouver Island. A little desultory prospecting work had been carried on since the old Cariboo days, that had left its mark in abandoned drifts and water-filled shafts, principally on the Coast, but of successful mining there was none. In the year 1895 it was reported that two or three men were prospecting on Mount Sicker, a hill situated some five miles from the little settlement of Duncans, a small town on the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway' No excitement was caused by this, and hardly anyone took the trouble to go and see the claims that these men were working on, or the shallow prospecting shafts that they had sunk. In August, 1896, a forest fire devastated the western slope of Mount Sicker. So fierce was this fire that the smoke clouds veiled the sun for days and the ashes were carried by the wind for miles over the surrounding country. The men working on the hill had to fly for their lives, and their cabin and effects were consumed by the flames. Not the most vivid imagination could have pictured that the results of this fire, was to be the development of a great industry, the establishment of two smelters and to wake Vancouver Island from lethargy to active work. In the early spring of the year following the fire, Harry Smith, who was one of the three pioneers who WW Recently installed aerial tramway, Tyee Mine. had been prospecting on the mountain, found a large body of copper ore that had been uncovered by this fire. This was on the Lenora claim, from which has since been mined to the shallow depth of some 200 feet, 100,000 tons of rich ore. Shortly after this time, a London syndicate secured by purchase, the Tyee claim, which'was situated above the Lenora. The Tyee Development Company started work in a modest way, in the early spring of 1899. The nominal capital at the start, was only fifteen thousand pounds, divided into 15,000 shares of one pound each, the working capital being five thousand pounds. Solid ore had been uncovered by trenching near the western line of the property and on this a Colorado horse whim was installed and a shaft sunk to the 412 THE MINING RECORD. depth of 200 feet. In August of that year the ore body was struck at a depth of 160 feet 20 feet to the north of the shaft, and in November it was again intersected at 200 feet from the surface. In 1900, notwithstanding the great financial difficulties created bv the South African war, a further sum of twenty Tension Station, Tyee Mine. thousand pounds was subscribed and the share capital increased to 100,000 shares of one pound each. Steam hoisting machinery and machine drills were now installed and a main working shaft in three compartments was sunk upon the lode. This shaft was further to the east than the old one, being 300 ft. from the western boundary of the claim. At a depth of 200 feet the shaft bottomed on ore, dipping in from the south, it having been put down to intersect the ore body on the dip. The first crosscut from the main shaft proved the ore body at that depth to have a width of 24 feet of solid ore. Drives and crosscuts at these levels, proved the ore to be continuous and varying in width from ten to forty feet. In the autumn of 1901 steady development work having been carried on for two and a half years, the development of the mine justified the directors in considering the most economical method of shipping and treating their ore. A further working capital of fifty thousand pounds was subscribed, the nominal capital of the company being raised to one hundred and eighty thousand pounds in 180,000 shares of one pound each, and four additional mineral claims and five fractions were purchased on the run of the lode. This increased the company's holdings to 250 acres of mineral land. A contract was entered into with Mr. B. C. Riblet, of Nelson, to construct an automatic aerial tram on the double rope system, to connect the mines with the E. & N Railway, the length of the tram being three and one-third miles and having a maximum capacity of 400 tons per day. Arrangements were entered into with the E. & N. Railway Company, by which the Tyee Company acquired 30 acres of land on the sea front of the rising town of Ladysmith, upon which to construct a smelter. An up-to-date smelting plant with modern labour-saving devices is now in course of erection and will be running early in December. The Allis-Chalmers Company, of Chicago, are the manufacturers of the machinery which will have capacity of 150 tons per day. From the autumn of 1901 to the present date heavy development work has been pushed on the ore body and large reserves opened out. The ore body has been driven on for a length of 750 feet, proving the ore to be continuous for the whole of that distance Terminal of Tyee Aerial Tramway on E. & N. R'y. and the face of the drift is still in solid ore. The 100 and 200-foot levels are now connected by raises and stopes are opened at various points, some of these having a width of 40 feet. The configuration of the ground is such that over 100 feet of additional depth has been gained in the distance run. Down to the shallow depth of 200 feet and with not half of one claim explored, the ore reserves in the mine amount to at least 100,000 tons. The main shaft is still being pushed down to prove the property in depth and a station will soon be cut at the 400 foot level. At the 300-ft. level ore was struck and now on THE MINING RECORD. 413 nearing 400 feet ore is making its appearance in the shaft, although the main ore body is presumed to be some distance to the north. Several hundred assays have shown values of .from 3 per cent, to 20 per cent, copper, $2 to $15 in gold, and from three to ten ounces in silver. Shipments aggregating 275 tons have been shipped for test purposes to Tacoma, and they have run 8 per cent, copper, $5 gold, five ounces silver per ton of 2,000 pounds. The gross value of the ore in sight at the mine is estimated at about $1,800,000. Two thousand tons of ore is now on the burning grounds at the Tyee smelter at Ladysmith, and over Lower Terminal Aerial Tramway, Tyee Mine. 100 tons are being received there daily. The recent discovery of solid ore in the Richard III., the claim next to the Tyee on the east, proves without doubt what had long been believed, viz., that the ore lives right through the Tyee claim and thus doubling the ore reserves of the Tyee mine, from the surface to the levels now being worked. DEVELOPMENT OF COARSE CONCENTRATION IN THE SLOCAN DISTRICT* Bv Samuel S. Fowler, S. B., E. M., Nelson, B. C, THE silver-lead mining industry of the Slocan has now been alive approximately ten years, a time sufficient for it to have taken on a definite form and to have become of definite importance. This form, although we think not yet a perfected one, quite naturally has been attained only by passing through many struggles with nature and with man, and yet ♦ From the Canadian Mining Institute. these both have done much toward its growth and its perfection. To-day it is just about holding its own in an equal contest; but it needs help to win and to survive. It is not our purpose to discuss the form or extent of assistance necesary, nor yet to enter into many purely technical details of concentration as now followed : it is rather to consider what has been done toward working the deposits economically and thus doing all that is possible locally to bring about the stability of the industry. Without considering certain evidences of an earlier knowledge of one or two deposits of ore, the "Slocan" first became known in the late autumn of 1891. The grade of the ores in silver was found to be so high that, although the price then was considered low (above 90 cents per oz.), the discoveries caused much excitement and the district was the scene of great activity during the year 1902. The activity was well justified, too, for during the year several shipments of ore were made, and these proved that, generally, wherever galena was found, it was of sufficiently good grade in silver to be marketed profitably, containing as it did, say, 150 ounces or more of silver per ton, and 50 per cent. lead. As is often the case, the region was a wilderness and "transportation" was far away. Kaslo, on the west shore of Kootenay Lake, was the first town to be created because of the discoveries, and it was not long before the energy of its citizens took form in the building of a waggon road up Kaslo Creek, 20 miles to Bear Lake. Many trails also were reaching out to many claims, and shipments were made on a sufficient scale during 1892 to afford a good knowledge of the resources of the region. But, discouragement was soon to come, as it did in 1893, in the fall of silver. This, however, was only a shock which served to quicken the senses of the workers in this still new field, and with energy and a realization that expensive mining plant was not an essential, the claim owners kept on with such success in their efforts, that the Canadian Pacific Railway Company had a branch line well under construction during the year for the purpose of entering the field. This was completed in the autumn of 1894 as far as Three Forks, 36.6 miles from Nakusp on the Arrow Lakes. The year of 1894 also saw the formation of a company to build a narrow gauge line from Kaslo to Sandon, 28 miles, and this railway was built to the latter point in 1895. Moreover, as Sandon was several miles nearer to the centre of probable production than Three Forks, the Canadian Pacific line was extended from the latter point to Sandon, thus affording competitive transport facilities, the effect of which has been felt favourably ever since. It is difficult to get accurate statistics of what the output of silver-lead has been up to the end of 1894, and no comparison can therefore well be made with the output of later years; but the effect of the advent of railways can be imagined. Suffice it to say that not onlv did the volume of shipments increase, but the 414 THE MINING RECORD. cost of operation decreased, while development work received a decided impetus. It should be remarked, here, that what had been accomplished at the time of the completion of the railways, and even in large measure since then, had been without any extraordinary effort, and without the aid of any large amount of outside capital; indeed, many of the shipping properties had paid "from the grass-roots." It was, nevertheless, beginning to be felt that sooner of later an important part of the output must be won by mechanical means, the present importance of which will be shown hereinafter. The geological and physical features of the Slocan ore deposits are not germane to our subject, but in passing it may be well to give a brief statement of these. For our purposes we would describe the Slocan district as a ruggedly mountainous area lying west and north of Kootenay Lake and its west arm,, east of Slocan Lake, and south of a line extended east from the north end of the latter. In the northern part of this area we find about ioo square miles of the "Slocan slates,"* from which by far the greater part of the silver lead output has been derived. The ore bodies usually cut across the slates, are from a few inches to many feet in width, are probably genetically related to a series of porphyry (felsite) and other dykes, and, beside the usually occurring gangue minerals, which are chiefly spathic iron and quartz, in the case of the larger deposits contain many inclusions of country slate.f South of the slates we find a large area of coarse granite, in which are many veins of value. Those which contain any notable amount of lead and zinc minerals are quite narrow when compared to the deposits found in the slates; but because of the hardness of the granite, the fissures are often much more sharply limited as to the walls, and fewer large inclusions of the country rock are found. The ores are harder and tougher, contain a greater proportion of quartz and spathic iron to valuable mineral, a greater variety of other gangue minerals, and important amounts of the richer silver-bearing minerals, finely disseminated. As in the slates, an important part, and indeed frequently the chief part of the values, is highly concentrated, and is extracted and shipped, with little sorting, as "clean ore." East of the slates and granite, we find along the west shore of Kootenay Lake, a narrow fringe of very old schists and slates, which, in the vicinity of the town of Ainsworth, carry valuable deposits of good size and apparent permanence. But the ores are of low grade in silver (excepting some which lie near the granite area), and although considerable shipments have been made, they cannot under present conditions yield much, if any, profit. I have stated above that a large part of the Slocan output has been derived from those portions of the * So named bv the Geological Survey of Canada : See Mr. McConnell's Report for the year 1895. f This latter characteristic ipig;ht better in some cases, be expressed as a penetration of the fractured slates by the ores. deposits which contained the ore in a concentrated or "clean" state. It will be understood that a vast amount of material has been broken down in this process, which could not be formerly profitably disposed of. This may be somewhat enriched by such small fragments of the clean ore as escaped the miners' vigilance, and was used for filling stopes or placed on dumps, until such time as it could be treated by mechanical means. Such second-class ores, together with the parts of the deposits which contained no clean ore, accumulated to an enormous amount, and of late years have formed the basis of operations very important to the district. The experience of most of the mines has shown that the process of hand-sorting, even of the so- called solid ore, was at best a very expensive one, and very inefficient. The tendency has thus been toward the adoption of means to cut down the cost and improve the quality of the work, whilst at the same time winning such of the values as would otherwise lie dormant. Latterly, therefore, the proportion of hand- sorted ore to total shipments has declined noticeably. CHARACTER OF PRODUCT. The material shipped from the region described, is (a) silicious oxidized ore from near the surface of the deposits which are in slate. This product was formerly of important quantity, was often high grade in silver, and carried about 20 per cent, to 30 per cent. of lead; but it is no longer of much, if any, importance, the superficial portion of the veins having in most cases been worked out. (b) Galena.—This forms now the bulk of product, whether as coarse, hand- sorted ore, or as concentrate. The shipments are still high grade in silver, say 80 to 100 ozs. per ton, and probably average about 40 per cent. lead. It is impossible to give any average analysis of this material as a whole, but besides the lead, about 12 per cent, of zinc may be said to be present, and of the balance the chief constituents are quartz and spathic iron, which, by reason of the imperfections of all processes, cannot well be eliminated efficiently, i.e., without the loss of too much value or at too great expense, (c) Dry Ores.—Chiefly silicious, silver bearing material, very low in lead. This class is now derived principally from the granite area, and up to the present, is not amenable to efficient concentration. It is therefore shipped direct to smelters, who employ it as a flux, and as a diluent of the heavy lead ores in the furnace "charges." (d) Silver-bearing Zinc.—This is found of high grade in several properties, and some has since been shipped either as hard-sorted or as a middle product from some mills, either by itself to European smelters, who allowed payment for the zinc content, or mixed with the.galena concentrate after elimination of gangue minerals. The Slocan is affording a gradually increasing amount of this rich zinc, and a satisfactory solution of the problem of realizing on all the values is at present one of our greatest troubles. Not discouraged, however, several of those in charge of plants appear to be approaching a solution, of which it is yet too early to speak. THE MINING RECORD. 415 PRODUCTION. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, at this late day, to get accurate figures of production for the first three years of Slocan output. Those given in the "official reports" are essentially Customs returns, and the metal contents of exports have always been only approximately stated. The figures of output since 1894, however, thanks to the careful work of the Provicial Mineralogist of British Columbia, are dependable. If we refer to the reports of the Minister of Mines of British Columbia for 1894 and subsequent years, we find the basis of the following table of silver-lead production in the "Ainsworth" and Slocan mining divisions, which embrace the area which we call Slocan. 1 Unit of Lead (20 lbs) *ear. Ozs. Silver. Tons Lead, contains ... (2,000 lbs.) ozs. Silver. I892-94* 1,050,539 4,783 2.20 1895 1,400,070 8,238 I70 1896- 2,328,355 IO,686 2.18 I897 4,165,865 17,126 2.43 ^98 3,235,795 14,520 2.23 I899 2,159,190 IO,I25 2.13 !9oo 2,473,343 11,466 2.16 1901 2,601,172 9,407 276 Total 19,414,329 86,351 Av. 2J25 These figures are of much interest to those immediately concerned, and exhibit the effects of certain causes, but for us the main interest centres in the column of ratios of lead to silver. When we explain that in 1895 the ratio is low because the old Bluebell mine was producing a very large amount of lead of low silver tenure, and that in 1901 there was a heavy output of dry silver ores, with concurrent small lead production, the ratio was high, there is a remarkable uniformity in grade of output. A second point of interest is revealed in the average ratio of two and one quarter ounces of silver to each unit of lead. This implies much richer ore than is produced on a large scale in any other district of the Northwest, and the richness is still more evident when we state that the ratio in East Kootenay is only one-half of one ounce per unit, and in the Coeur D'Alene district of Idaho, it is somewhat less yet. It should be remembered, too, that whatever ore was produced near the town of Ainsworth tended to reduce the average ratio, which is there about one to one, and the comparisons above made are, therefore, all the more remarkable. The figures given above tend to show not only a good reason for the rapid advance of the Slocan, but they indicate the important differences between successful concentration in Slocan and in East Kootenay or the Coeur.D'Alene, when commercial results are considered. Putting the difference tersely, and assuming that all the silver is contained in lead, a loss of one per cent, of lead in tailings, means in the Slo- * The figures for these three years are for the entire British Columbia output, but as this was essentially all from the Tegion we call Slocan the figures may be regarded, for our purposes, as sufficiently accurate. can four and a half times as much as it does in the other places. The layman will quickly point the moral—"Save your lead"—but just where to stop is the problem for each manager to solve in his own case, and no line or limit can be arbitrarily set, nor can we say that it is not better to save only 70 per cent, in one case than 85 per cent, in another. Mill- men throughout the Northwest, confronted by conditions of very high wages and expensive supplies, may and do often find it best to sacrifice high efficiency to the better commercial results attained by rapid operation and large tonnage. In a general way this has been proved desirable in Coeur D'Alene, but in Slocan it is not so much so. Our observations lead us to the statement that in many instances the relations of the commercial and technical factors of concentration have not been sufficiently studied before construction has been started. Indeed, it is within only the last two or three years that there has been any considerable departure from the details of mill design, which have been so long regarded as incapable of improvement. The earlier designs followed the Coeur D'Alene practice very closely, with a rapid running and low costs as the chief aim. Latterly the modifications have been in the direction of possibly greater first cost, and increased efficiency, without increasing the operating cost, especially in the fine end of the mills. Coming now to an enumeration of the mills which have been built, we J)elieve that even those who are familiar with the Slocan will be surprised at their number. The mills and years of construction are as follows: 11—Ivanhoe 1900 12—Enterprise 1901 13—Payne 1902 14—Rambler-Cariboo... .1902 15—Pilot Bay ?i893 16—No One ? 17—Woodbury ? 18—Highlander 1899 19—Highland 1900 1—Almo 1894 2—Washington 1896 3—Slocan Star 1896 4—Noble Five 1897 5—Whitewater 1898 6—Montezuma 1898 7—Comstock 1898 8—Jackson 1899 9—Ruth 1899 10—Wakefield 1900 Of these the last four are in the vicinity of Ainsworth, and have treated the low grade ores of that camp. The Pilot Bay mill, in 1895, treated the ores of Bluebell mine. The Washington mill was dismantled during 1901, and the plant rebuilt at the Rambler-Cariboo. The combined capacity of these plants is probably about 2,100 tons daily, and their erection has probably involved an outlay of well over $500,000.00. Of Ihe total number only five happen to be in operation at present, while of the remaining thirteen, six were erected, in our opinion, without sufficient justification as to tonnage in sight. The others are not in operation for various reasons which it is hardly necessary to discuss here. Among so many plants one easily discovers differences of design and operating scheme, and, as might be expected, the technical results obtained probably vary within wide limits. Of the more prominent mills, however, no less than seven were designed and 416 THE MINING RECORD. erected under the supervision of one man, who, in outward appearance of his structures at least, has quite naturally followed one general plan, eminently adapted to local conditions; and we may also say that no matter how much we may differ from this designer in detail of scheme, he has been very successful in producing mills which are operated at low costs for labour. By way of brief description of the process, we would say the ores are delivered to mill storage bin. From this they pass over only a small Grizzly to Blake crusher, set so that the maximum size of product will be about one and a half inch. With or without an intervening bin, the ore passes through a belt- driven cam feeder to roughing rolls, belt driven, usually not less than 30 inches in diameter, nor more than 12 inch faces, running at about no revolutions. These rolls discharge to an elevator and thence to trommels, whose screen sizes vary from 21 mm. to 2 mm. Sizes over 2 mm. pass to Hartz jigs, and those under 2 mm. to hydraulic separators, from which, sizes about 1 mm. go to fine Hartz jigs, and those below 1 mm. through spitzkasten to some form of vanner, or other table machine, or formerly to revolving single or double-decked buddies. Middling products from coarse jigs are re-crushed by rolls usually duplicates of the roughing rolls, while middlings from finest jigs and the tables are commonly re-crushed in Huntington mills. The concentrate is conveyed by water through launders to a series of bins where it drains, and is put into jute sacks for shipment to the smelter. The general course of the ore and products through the mill will thus be seen not to differ in any material way from that of other regions where coarse concentration is practised. When we examine into details and results, however, we are forced to the conclusion that better work can be done, and we therefore venture to offer the following comments on the process as now carried on to any who contemplate the erection of concentration plants in the Slocan. We have remarked above on the high ratio of silver to lead in these ores. This ratio is high not only because the galena, when perfectly clean, is usually high grade in silver, but because of the admixture of gray copper and other rich silver-bearing minerals. These, as well as the galena,are not only soft,but very friable, and what with their tendency to breaking very finely in the crushers and rolls, and the results of attrition on the beds of the jigs, a surprising quantity of rich material soon finds its way out of the mill by illegitimate means, and the vehicle largely responsible is the final overflow of water from concentrate bins and from the spitzkasten, whose settlings feed the vanners or tables. Almost all mills attempt to remedy this evil by means of shallow settling vats placed below the concentrate bins; and in a measure these are useful. Our experience shows, however, that not only is the overflow still valuable, though less in quantity, but that the material saved, on account of the extreme fineness, holds about three times as much water as the normal concentrate, is lower grade in lead and silver and higher in zinc. The same remark as to quality would apply in greater degree to the overflow from spitzkasten. As to the latter, we may say that in order to reduce losses in this direction, we have returned this overflow in one instance, and concurrently reduced the volume of clean wash water on various machines, with some degree of success; but at best the scheme is only a make-shift, and I believe that we are doctoring this difficulty at the wrong end. We should prevent the evil rather than remedy it, by providing a short sorting belt, above the coarse crusher. This need not be over, say, six feet long, would cost little and could be handled by the crusher tender, whose functions now are chiefly those of a watchman. The sorting belt is practically unknown to the Slocan mill, and without reverting in more than slight degree to the labour-devouring practice of Europe, I know from experience that in some instances a limited introduction would be a paying one. As indicating the result which may be expected, where the mill feed contains an appreciable quantity of galena in pieces of the size of one's fist, or larger, I may cite an instance at one of the mills of which I am in general charge. In the summer of 1900, our crushermen, under instructions, picked out from the ore stream passing over the grizzly such pieces of coarse galena as they could conveniently, and without any special care. The feed was not sprinkled, and much of tbe galena which was coarse enough to have been easily sorted on a belt, probably escaped into the crusher. During a period of about four months, 120 tons of galena were thus sorted, equivalent to about 8 per cent, of the total concentrate made in the same period. Comparative average assays of the two products are given, viz:— Silver. Lead. Zinc. Ratio. Sorted Galena 101.7 ozs. 40.2 15.4 2.53 Concentrate 73.0 " 30.0 21.0 2.43 For this galena we received from the smelter about $670.00, and had it been sent through the mill in the usual way, it is safe to state that fully 10 per cent, would have been lost. It cost us nothing to save $670.00. How much more could have been saved by the aid of proper appliances I do not know; but there is no doubt about the accuracy of the data, nor, I think, of what they indicate. Another notable feature oi our mill is the absence of any general attempt at close sizing before jigging. In this respect we follow the common tendency of the Northwest, and more particularly the Coeur D'Alene, unless the practice of that region has changed since I was more familiar with it than 1 am at present. In many places the low grade of ore demands, or its simplicity permits", good results to be obtained without that close sizing which our German friends formerly thought essential, but about which American authorities have had considerable differences of opinion. There is no doubt in my mind, however, that Slocan mills cannot do efficient separation without close sizing. An extreme instance i? THE MINING RECORD. 417 often more likely to impress one than a normal case of difficulty. I therefore give the following":— At the Whitewater mill the feed consists essentially of slate, "talc," zinc blende, copper and iron pyrites,, gray copper, quartz, calcite, spathic iron and galena. At our Enterprise mill the slate is replaced by granite, and we find, beside the Whitewater minerals named, important quantities of complex carbonates Of iron, lime manganese and magnesia, some undetermined manganese zinc iron compounds, probably silicates and oxides, to say nothing of the rich silver minerals and native silver. Now were our gangue minerals all simple and of low specific gravity, we would consider our way easy, and have little difficulty in doing respectable work with a simple screening system. The presence of all of the minerals above named is of course troublesome, but these obstacles to success are not insuperable. .When we begin a proper study of conditions at Whitewater, we are stunned by the discovery that "galena" is not galena at all, for it is a mixture, I might say a concrete of comminuted slate, galena and zinc, with accluded particles of several of the gangue minerals named,- the whole having a gravity of 4.75 to 5.25. This is so typical of the Whitewater mine that shipments of large quantities of well hand-sorted product, before our mill was built, showed an average content of about 35 per cent, of lead and 16 per cent, of zinc, equivalent to, say, 40 per cent, galena, 24 per cent, zinc blende, and the balance, or 36 per cent, virtually barren gangue. Galena of a gravity of . 5.0, and barren pyrites of a gravity of 5.0, mixed with barren blende of a levity of. 4.5, form a sort of ore dressing joke whose density is so great that one cannot laugh, with any enjoyment, and hold one's position at the same time. It appears to me that the only satisfactory way of solving such difficulties as are implied above, is through a more extended screen system than we employ. I am not prepared to say that we should go to the extreme limit of some German practice, but I do think that our mills should be designed with what one may call a greater limit of elasticity, one which will permit rapid and convenient alteration or extension of the screening department. The day has gone by when the man who wants a mill should go to a drawer and pull out a stock plan labelled with a specific tonnage capacity. Certain essential features of mill construction must always remain the same, but each new case of installation must have its details considered by themselves. Granting conditions of well, sized feed, and a uniform, quantity, I think the Slocan jig practice very efficient. The feed above 3 mm. in size usually forms nearly 80 per cent, of our tonnage although more nearly 30 per cent, of our values reach the fine jigs and tables. Indeed, in one instance the jig tailings were all eventually crushed fine enough to reach a row of seven Wilfley tables, I believe, with results which were good. Here, of course, a smaller percentage of product was made on jigs. The usual run of jig tailings seldom contains more than one-third as much silver as the fine end tailings do, and often it happens that the work of the coarsest jigs is practically perfect. This is due in large measure, in some cases at least to the inclusion of coarse slate, quartz and calcite in the ore, all of these being generally barren of silver. The fine end of our mills certainly affords room for very great improvement. ■ In the mills which were built from 1896 to 1899, the most common rnachine used on the finer feed were double-decked revolving buddies, and although some are still in evidence, the majority have been replaced by other types. There are several reasons for this change, especially where the very finest pulp was being treated: 1st, the buddle was handicapped by imperfect classification of feed; 2nd, the wooden surface seemed to accumulate some vegetable slime which permitted the metallic minerals to escape too soon, and 3rd, in cases where volume of water was a consideration, it was found very wasteful. The buddle advocate has accused us of ignorance as to how to cork that machine. This may be just, but the fact remains that, in one mill, an extended comparison, on feed as nearly identical as. possible, resulted in a saving of 300 lbs. more of a much better product, in 24 hours, with about one- tenth of the volume of wash used, the table used occupying only one-half the floor space of the buddie. The unsatisfactory j work of classifiers, of course, operates against any concentrating machine, and we" still have troubles to overcome in the fine end, which no number of machines of existing types will bring about. Some one will always get a portion of what the preceding one failed to secure, so we are com-' pelled to set a limit to plant which is governed by. questions of dollars and cents! Sol can seems to have discovered that, on account of the great cost of machinery and installation, it does not pay to try to save more in the fine end than can at present be recovered by one passage of pulp finer than half a millimetre over well known machines of proved merit. Attention is, however, being paid to slime treatment, and some very careful experimental work conducted, which is so encouraging as to cause us to say that the close of this year will witness our probable ability to make an efficiency of well over 85 per cent, in silver a paying one. This brings us naturally to what the present efficiencies are, and the subject is a delicate one. Aside from the fact that there are many millmen who„ through false reasoning, would not confess to high losses, I believe there are more who do not know their actual losses, because of the general absence of automatic sampling devices for the tailings, and the too frequent use of the fire assay instead of the wet, in determination of lead. There is too much of a tendency among mill men to assume that, because they cannot see galena, for instance in tailings, the best possible work is being done. This assumption is, I think, a commercially justifiable one in many cases, but it affords no good reason for not knowing instead of guessing at losses. Personally I consider an accurate sampling of tails, and wet lead tests, of the 418 THE MINING KE(JUtiD. greatest importance, in the Slocan, and especially where much slate is present in the feed. To illustrate the importance of the wet assay for lead, I may say that a series of important trials of pulps show a loss by fire method of from 70 per cent, to 100 per cent, of the actual lead present, when the wet test shows, say, under 2 per cent, in the sample, and in a recent trial the wet test showed 1.36 per cent, and 1.42 per cent, the fire assay none. The feed from which these tailings were derived contained 4.7 per cent, and 5.2 per cent, lead respectively, and the fire assay therefore perfection in the mill work, while the wet test gave efficiencies of 71 per cent, and 72> per cent. only. These results would be slightly improved, of course, if the tailings losses were worked out per ton of feed, but the figures illustrate our point, viz., not to deceive ourselves through wrong method of determining our efficiency. I do not pretend to know what degree of perfection is attained by others, but our own experience shows an actual recovery of 74 per cent, of silver and 82 per cent, of lead, from a feed of 10 ounces silver and 40 per cent. lead. Those who are not familiar with the shortcomings of existing types of concentrating machinery in use on a large scale, and those who do not care to know how poor a quality of work may be done, will regard these efficiencies as wickedly low. I am confident, however, that thorough investigation would show them to be excellent under the circumstances. COSTS. The operating costs in Slocan mills, are, as everywhere, very much dependent on the tonnage treated, but the cheapness of our power is an important factor. The ruggedness of the mountains permits convenient installation of small water power . plants, working commonly under heads of three or four hundred feet, and while in some instances sufficient, if any, gauging of flow have not been made before location of plant was decided upon, to determine the dependable volumes, heavy snow-fall and even the presence of the glaciers at the head waters, insure sufficient water throughout the year on lateral creeks, at points very close to many of the mines. It is not necessary to dilate on this phase of the facts; suffice it to say that none of the mills except two on Kootenay Lake have any steam power plants. Most of the plants are designed with a view to saving of labour, and are compactly arranged. Their efficiency in this respect may be seen from the table of costs below, being results attained in operating one of the more pi eminent mills:— Period, 557 days of 22 hours. Tons of feed milled, 100,824 (including 7 per cent, moisture). Tons milled per day, 181. Costs. Per Ton. Per Day. Crushermen $.0364 $6.59 Foremen, jigmen and tablemen 1613 29.19 Miscellaneous labour 0223 4.04 Operating.supplies 0248 4.49 Maintenance and repairs of all plant; labour and material 0958 7-34 $.3406 $61.65 These costs do not provide for depreciation or insurance, the amount of which is of course largely a matter of judgment and conditions. The cost of maintaining the flume was 15-100 of one per cent, per ton, and thus practically a negligible account. It will be noted that the above figures make no provision for handling and disposal of product. The cost of this in the table would have added $.0557 per ton of ore, but as the figure depends upon the richness of the ore, these costs of sacks and sacking are placed by us under another head, or as stated as so much per ton of product, (in this instance 56 cents). In this plant twO hours are allowed every day for the common light repairs, and the practice has proved a good one in preventing many annoying shut-downs. We believe that with the tonnage treated, these costs would be difficult to lower, and they are given as an indication of what has been done on a large scale, without fear of serious adverse criticism. MINING MACHINERY. (By John R. Gifford, M. E.) THAT the selection of machinery is a very important factor towards successful mining cannot be denied. As modern methods in mining has resulted in the decreased cost of production by new system of timbering and use of air drills, and other appliances, etc., it will be well to consider what class of machinery, such as hoisting, and stationary engines, pumps, compressors and drills, are best adapted to the successful and most economical working of mines. It is a fact, as a rule it is considered that any old hoist or compressor will do to develop a property—■ no doubt caused in a great measure by the fact that the majority of mine superintendents or managers of small prospects, are not too well posted on the mechanical construction of mining machinery. Today are to be found in a large number of mines old and antiquated plants that are only fit for the scrap- pile, notwithstanding that much of this machinery may have been manufactured within the last year or two. As a rule, first cost is a prime factor in purchasing such material regardless of any practical or economical results to be obtained therefrom, so that to-day there can be found in some of the largest mines in America, engines, boilers, etc., that are most extravagant in fuel, and repairs, out of all proportion to what would be required in a better—thought at first cost would be more expensive plant. Especially ig this so when comparing the value of different compressors for mine use. To the ordinary mining man all compressors are alike; some are better finished on the outside, and have more fresh paint and brass work than others, and in nine times out of ten, a fine-looking piece of machinery would be chosen regardless of efficiency—especially when added to this is the glib t( ngue of a smart agent brought into play. . How easy it is for them to guarantee large capacity of free air to such a machine—but.above all things, it is the quantity of fresh paint and .brass work put on as finishing touches that count. THE MINING RECORD. 419 "out of sight, out of mind 1 It is an old saying that and so it is with regards to the interior of h o„n pressor. Who asks or cares to know anything about the piston valve arrangements or clearance space in air cylinder? Such points are rarely considered, but is a great consideration in compressing air. If there is large clearance space been the piston and cylinder heads or valves, then there is a great loss of energy, as in such case all of the air compressed is not discharged into pipes or receivers, but on return stroke expands with reduced pressure and prevent access of free air to entrance valves, and only a certain proportion of that which is compressed is in reality discharged through the valves into the receiver. And about the piston range: who knows what amount of air is continually passing from one side of the piston to the other, occasioned by having defective rings; and last but not least, is the quality of oil'used to lubricate the interior of cylinder and valve. How often does it occur that an agent for a cheap oil comes to the manager and brags about the quality and cheapness of the oil of all kinds that he has for sale, and even guaranteeing that his oil will last longer and give better results than that made, by well known manufacturers of same ? He usually makes a sale with the result that it is soon discovered that the stuff is not suitable for that class of work, is charred and gums up the valves, entailing no end of trouble to the engineer, and loss of time in the mine, when machinery has to be overhauled. It is not my intention to advocate in this article the use of any special machine, but to bring before purchasers of machinery a few points for their guidance. For instance, in taking up the question of rock drills, a selling agent for these guarantees to the mine manager that his drill will penetrate so many feet of rock in 'an eight-hour shift. Whoever knew such guarantee to be fulfilled in actual practice. It is all very well to say that it will do so much w'ork, but how long can that be done? I have tested about every type of rock drill now in use, and each has its weak points. Some drills entail a greater cost per annum in repairs than others, but it is not a question of the cost or renewal of repair parts, but loss of time to operators of such when they get out of order. When a machine is at work, and something goes wrong with it, the miners lose at least a half hour's time trying to find out what is the trouble; finally they take it down, and procure a new one at loss of time—for two men of at least two hours—while the repairs are being made. This was forcibly brought to my notice by testing a machine recently arrived from England. The pawl springs which were verv light, and costing only a tew cents each, would frequently be found broken and require renewal, entailing a loss to the operators of an average of one hour's time. In mining, the best machinery which can be procured is none too good; the tendency in these days is to use very large drills. I consider that a M inch machine large enough for any mining work, irrespective of the character of rock—always supposing that the air pressure is not less than ninety pounds per square inch. Where air is to be conveyed in pipes a long distance it should be super-heated at the nearest practical point to where same is used, and will result in greater efficiency and economy. Regarding the selection of a hoisting engine, I would say, never to instal one with a single cylinder, for as it will frequently happen when wanted for instant use, stop on dead centre, requiring with large engines some considerable time to get started again. This would'be very dangerous where men were blasting in shaft or winze, and had to depend on the machinery to get them out of danger. I also strongly condemn the use of claw or jaw clutches on hoists. The band friction clutch being much more suitable and safe, for if when lowering bucket or cage the brake should break, the friction clutch could be thrown in instantly and act, as a brake—but this could not be done with a jaw clutch. There is great diversity of opinions as to the best type of steam boiler for mining work. My choice is for large locomotive or fire box type. The first cost would be slightly in excess of that of the ordinary round tubular boiler, but it would not require any brickwork, and when properly covered with some good non-conductive material will be found to be very economical in the consumption of fuel, and as a large number of mines have to depend on the use of cord-wood for generating steam, it is well adapted for it, as unlike the ordinary tubular boiler there is no internal fire box brickwork to be displaced by using cord-wood, and the cost of bricking in a tubular boiler more than offsets the extra price paid for one of the locomotive type. A boiler of this kind should never have less than three inches of water space between fire box and shell. Of mining pumps there are several in the market, but where dirty, and gritty water has to be contended with Whether in shaft, sinking or station work, nothing but an outside packed plunger should be used. A piston or bucket pump will always give trouble. Brass or gun metal valve with sole leather facing will last longer than any other kind of rubber valves. Where frequently great mistakes are made is in the selection of a suitable treatment for ores found in a prospect; it generally happens that there is too great a hurry to erect a mill or smelter before having developed the prospect sufficiently to ascertain qualities and quantity of ore. I maintain that rarely is a mining prospect justified in having a mill or smelter erected unless there is sufficient ore in sight to net a. profit of at least one hundred thousand dollars over and above all charges for mining and treatment. More failures are made by not having this in view than from any other cause. Very often a mill or smelter will be erected not only before such is justifiable, but a number of instances is of three times the capacity that is warranted by existing conditions of the mine, and again, often it occurs that a mill has been erected to treat ore that was only suitable for a smelter, and vice versa. And another serious mistake is often made in the selection of mills. Too often is it that a newfangled conglomeration of pulleys, cams, rollers, etc., backed by worthless guarantees, and a smart smooth- 420 THE MINING RECORD. talking machine, been selected, and' installed and found uterly worthless—result: failure and blasted hopes. My advice is to first be sure you have a sufficient quantity of paying ore to justify the erection of same, then ship small quantities of, say five hundred pounds each, to several reduction works, and ascertain by doing so the best method suitable for the extraction of values from the ore. Then select the best machinery to be procured, but by all means, stay clear of new-fangled inventions, and let some other fellow do the experimenting with it; avoid by all means the accumulation of a scrap-iron pile around your works, for it looks bad. If you do not know what is the best method suitable for treating your ores, get the best practical advice to be procured, and pay for it, for free advice in a question of this kind is very expensive sometimes. Rely on the old motto, which says: "First be sure you are right, then go ahead." RECENT PATENTS. WE are indebted to Mr. Rowland Brittain, patent attorney, of Vancouver, for the following report: Patents issued to British Columbia inventors this month are as follows: A. F. Griffiths, Victoria, log raft. In this patent the logs are independently strung on each side of the tow-line, by which means there is less chance of booms becoming broken up in rough weather. S. Fader, Vancouver, on a door handle; R. H. Casswell and W. E. Burns, on an improved milk strainer; Messrs. Johnston & Crofts, Nelson, on an improved briquetting machine; Messrs. McCormick & McPhail, Steveston and Vancouver, respectively, on a bicycle coaster brake; R. McBride, Eburne, on a baling press; O. H. Burden and T. F. Adams, Kaslo, on an amalgamator, the illustration and claims of which are given in the present report; and J. R. Brown, Vancouver, .on an improved machine for filling cans cf fish. Manufacture of Aluminum.—No. 77,619. W. Rubel, Germany. Claims: 1. Process of manufacturing aluminum, consisting of mixing clay with a sulphur containing compound of calcium, and a substance containing carbon, and exposing the mixture to a high temperature, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. I rocess of manufacturing aluminum, consist ing in mixing clay with phosphate of calcium, sulphuric acid and a substance containing carbon, and exposing the mixture to a high temperature, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. 3. Process of manufacturing aluminum, consisting in mixing clay with phosphate of calcium, sulphuric acid, lime, and a substance containing carbon, and exposing the mixture to a high temperature substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. Patent No. 77,584.-0. H. Burden and T. F. Adams, both of Kaslo, British Columbia, Canada. Claims: 1. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way, means for holding mercury therein, and means for attenuating a stream of sand or gravel as it passes adjacent to the mercury container, said attenuated means consisting of a revoluble member adapted to be driven at a rate of speed exceeding the speed of the current. 2. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a mercury trough or pocket, and a set of attenuating rolls in co-operative relation to the trough or pocket, one of the said rolls adapted to be positively driven. 3. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a mercury pocket or trough, and a set of attenuating rolls, one of which is of larger diameter than the other and adapted to be positively driven. 4. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a mercury pocket or trough, and a set of attenuating rolls, one of which is immersed or submerged in a mercury bath within said pocket or trough. 5. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a mercury pocket or trough, and a set of attenuating rolls, each having a roughened active surface and disposed in co-operative relation to said trough, one of said rolls being immersed in the trough, and the other of said rolls adapted to be positively driven. 6. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a trough, and collecting pockets at one side of the trough, and a set of co-operating rolls adjacent to the trough. 7. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way, a set of attenuating rolls, and a current wheel having operative connection with one of said rolls. 8. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a trough, an attenuating wheel adjustable with relation to said trough, and a current wheel also adjustable in the trough and connected operatively with the attenuating wheel. THE MINING RECORD. 421 9. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a series of troughs, a current wheel, and sets of attenuating wheels, each disposed in co-operative relation to one trough, and provided with means for positively driving the same from the current wheel. 10. An amalgamator comprising a sluice way having a trough, a current wheel on a plane above said trough, a set of attenuating rolls in co-operative relation to the trough and below the plane of the current wheel, and gearing between said current wheel and one roll of the set. BOUNDARY DISTRICT. (From our own Correspondent.) THE aggregate tonnage of ore shipped by Boundary mines during eleven months of 1092, to November 30th, is about 453,000 tons. More than half of this quantity was the product of the Granby Company's Old Ironsides and Knob Hill group of mines, and a considerable proportion of the remainder of the British Columbia Copper Company's Mother Lode mine. The approximate output of the respective mines of the district that have contributed to this aggregate is as follows :—Granby Company's mines, 280,000 tons; B. C. Copper Company's mine, 125,000 tons; Snowshoe Company's mine, 16,000 tons; B. C. Chartered Company's mine, 11,000 tons; Montreal & Boston Copper Company's mine, 10,000 tons; Dominion Copper Company's Emma mine, 7,000 tons; Jewel Company's mine, 2,000 tons; and several small mines, 2,000 tons. Practically the whole of this ore was treated at Boundary smelters. The Granby and B. C. Copper Company's smelters are at present running two. furnaces each, and the Montreal & Boston Copper Company's works one furnace. The Granby Company has been short of power but has been promised additional electric power to be available by the end of November, so as to enable it to put two more furnaces in blast. The five furnaces now in operation in the district together treat about 1,800 tons a day, so these would, if run without interruption until December 31st next, under ordinary conditions increase the year's aggregate to more than 500,000 tons. With two' more furnaces running during December the total should reach at least 530,000 tons. The Montreal & Boston Company is putting in a second furnace, which should be running by December 1st, so may add 10,000 tons more to the year's total. In any case the 500,000 ton mark should be passed this year, whilst the figures may reach to between 540,000 and 550,000 tons. As compared with the output of 97,837 tons in 1900, and 386,675 tons .in 1901, together 484,512 tons, the production of the current year exhibits a satisfactory increase and gives evidence of substantial progress. The gross value (with copper at New York prices) of the district's production for 1902 should be between $2,000,000 and $2,500,000. THE ROSSLAND MINES. (From our own Correspondent.) THE anticipated amalgamation of the Le Roi and Le Roi No. 2 companies, foreshadowed in the last issue of the Mining Record, has not been actually accomplished as yet, but a long move in its favour has already been accomplished in the removal from office of Messrs. Bernard MacDonald and William Thompson, their retirement being officially announced this month. Mr. Alexander Hill, a son of one of the Le Roi No. 2 directors, accompanied by Mr. Paul S. Could- rey, has meanwhile arrived in Rossland. Mr. Hill, Le Roi No. 2 directors officially announce, comes here to install Mr. Couldrey as manager of the mine, under Mr. Hill's direction and the latter gentleman assumes all responsibility for the future management of the property in this country. Mr. Couldrey is said to be an experienced miner, having been connected with copper properties in Spain and with copper properties and lead concerns in Germany. He is a direct appointee of Mr. Hill's and.has been one of that gentlemen's assistants in the past. The amalga- tion scheme of the two Le Rois has been strenuously denied, and even Mr. Hill expressed ignorance of the matter, but all the same the situation entirely justifies the move, and Mr. Wm. Thompson, the retiring manager, in a recent interview strongly supported the proposal as the one best calculated to place the Le Roi No. 2 on a profitable basis. Just how the matter will work out in detail will largely depend on the report Mr. Hill has sent home to his directors. He has been sent here to fully report on the situation, and his statement on the real condition of the mine, the advisability of continuing shipments, (he smelter arrangements, and the many other questions that are at present awaiting some sort of settlement, will go a long way in deciding what is best to be done. It is not improbable that Mr. Mackenzie the Le Roi manager, will be asked to take the post of consulting engineer of the property and of generally overseeing affairs. The Le Roi No. 2 has at present to pay unduly high rates for smelting at the Le Roi works at Northport, and the joint management would mean more favourable terms, a point which would mean a very substantial saving for the . shareholders of the mining company. The Le Roi continues to make a good record in the way of net profits. Those for October are officially placed at $85,000 and will probably exceed that sum by at least $5,000 when all the returns are in. Since the 1st of May last until October 31st the net profits of the mine and smelter total the very creditable amount of $502,686 from 95,298 tons of ore shipped. The manager of the Le Roi gave out to the local press during the month a very cheery report concerning the present conditions and future prospects of the mine, but, he added, that the mine would not' be worked to its full extent until next spring, by 422 THE MINING RECORD. which time, he said the financial affairs of the company would fully warrant a great advance in the methods of mining, and this has been generally taken to mean that the Le Roi will keep up its present output until the spring, when a substantial increase may be looked for with the consequent increased net profits exceeding that already made in the past six months. In their efforts to obtain control of a portion of the water supply owned by the Corporation of Rossland and in their management of the Rossland Miner the Centre Star7War Eagle people have fallen foul of the Le Roi managers and a pretty fight is now in progress in the law courts and out of them between the rival parties. The War -Eagle-Centre Star companies have laid great stress upon the amount they are expending in concentration experiments and they appealed to the community to assist them as against the stand taken by the civic authorities on the water question. Mr. Mackenzie, in"answer to this, has publicly stated that his company is expending twice as much money, in trying to solve the concentration problem as the War Eagle people are, and he added that the Le Roi company were quite willing that the City Council should act in the water question as trustees for all concerned rather than for any particular mining company. Mr. MacKenzie's open stand on this important question has had a marked effect on the local situation and will probably result in all the miners getting a fair deal. In the meantime the Rossland Miner's affairs, in which the Le Roi is interested and which with the shares in the concern now held by Le Roi No. 2, it now can control, if it so desired, are being fought out in the courts, and one phase of the water question is also to be decided by the Full Court at Vancouver. Mr. Edmund B. Kirby, manager of the War Eagle- Centre Star, originally gave out that the combined output of these mines would average 450 tons per day but he has done very much better already and probably by the end of the year Mr. Blackstock's recent statement that the combined shipments would total from 24,000 to 26,000 tons per month seems likely to be realized, if not exceeded, and this, of course, without reference to what can be accomplished if the concentration plans of the companies being worked out at the silica works, are wholly successful. In this connection it is worthy of note that Mr. Kirby is personally quite satisfied that he | as already solved the question so far as his companies' properties are concerned. There are rumours that in the effort to hold up the stock situation the available ore reserves of the Josie and the No. 1—the mines owned by the Le Roi No. 2—have been greatly if not entirely depleted, but it will be better to wait for Mr. Hill's report on the properties than to trust to current reports. The Giant has been shipping a few carloads of ore every week, but no official statement, as promised, has yet been made public concerning the results attained in development. The White Bear and Green Mountain have been working steadily and work has again been resumed on the Homestake. A decided move has been taken to induce the Dominion Government to reduce the tariff on mining machinery and mining supplies generally, with what result remains to be seen. Mr. Kirby's attack on the two per cent, tax and on mining taxation generally has excited general comment all over America and Canada, but with one exception of the Rossland papers, one of which Mr. Kirby personally controls, the War Eagle's manager's figures have not been accepted as conclusive, and in many instances caustic but not unkindly criticism, has been indulged in by mining men of high standing. The long standing sale of the Trail smelter to the Gooderham Syndicate was again to the front this month, but it has been semi-officially denied. Mr. Bernard MacDonald has already moved to Spokane and Mr. William Thompson has made preparations to follow his chief as soon as he has turned over the affairs in his charge to the new manager of the Le Roi No. 2. ' It is not known at present who will take charge of the Rossland Great Western and the Kootenay Mines. SLOCAX CITY MINING DIVISION. (From a Special Correspondent.) NOTES FOR NOVEMBER. PREPARATIONS for winter are being actively made and as the weather generally has been fine the camps are in good shape. The present conditions of the roads—bare ground on the lower levels and heavy snow above—has cut ore shipments down to practically nothing, though some of the higher mines are rawhiding ore down to the waggon road to await sleighing into town. The ore shipments to date amount to 5,500 tons, from eleven properties, with at least four more shippers to join the list as soon as the roads are passable. Most of the developing properties propose working through winter, but the Hampton and Legal have suspended operations till spring. The Hampton as' usual has yielded rich ore enough to pay expenses and the owners of the Legal have opened a chute of 3-oz. gold ore on two levels. Probably the greatest improvement is to be found on the Ottawa, on which the rich ore chute exposed in No. 2 tunnel has been cut for some 75 feet by No. 3, exposing ore enough, it is estimated, to pay for the property and all development so. far. This has led to the construction of a sleigh road from the mine to the Springer Creek road and the manager counts on steady shipments during the winter and is already driving No. 4 tunnel towards the ore. The Meteor is being opened under lease and the old ore chute is found to extend as deep as the present work exposes the vein. The ore is richer and more of it than in M THE.MINING RECORD. 423 the upper portion of the vein, so that the lease is bound to be a profitable one and if the ore continues to the lower tunnel which is now almost in to the vein, there should be all kinds of money for the lessors, as the ore is easily sorted and runs $20 to $30 in gold and from 200 oz. and upwards in silver. The lessors on the Graphic, one of the Bondholder group, and those on the Kaiispel are taking out shipping ore. The Republic will ship a car from the old workings.. It is understood that the Exchange will make at least one shipment from, the ore chute cut last September. Mr. Norman will continue a full force developing the Black Prince. Both the Enterprise and Arlington are continuing experiments as to treatment for their low-grade ores. The Enterprise alone, however, is interested in the zinc situation, as the Arlington has none of that metal to market. There is a little more interest being taken in the gold properties. .Some one, profiting by the mistakes of others, will make a success of these yet, and then how easy it will be to say "I told you so." PROGRESS IN THE YMIR DISTRICT. (From a Special Correspondent.) DURING the past month considerable progress has been made by the various companies operating in this vicinity, and several very encouraging strikes are reported. At the Wilcox Mine the new stamp mill is now nearly completed, and it is anticipated that the stamps will be falling within a couple of weeks. The type of mill being installed is a new one for this section, and is of what is known technically as the "two- two" variety. It consists of four stamps, two operating in each motor. The stamps are much heavier than the usual type, and the motors have a triple discharge, that is, they discharge on three sides instead of one. It is claimed for this type of mill that its capacity is equal to that of a ten-stamp mill of the ordinary single discharge type. Besides the stamps two six-foot Frue vanners and a Gates crusher with a capacity of fifty tons per day have been installed. In the mine itself ore is now being broken down in the Fourth of July vein. , At the Union Jack mine a fine strike of ore has been made in rather an unexpected manner. In the upper tunnel or the "Queen" vein, which is now in some 450 feet, a fine body of straight galena was passed through averaging about $40 per ton. A second tunnel was started lower down to get depth on this rich chute, the calculation being that a distance of 200 feet would have to be run before the solid ore was encountered. Instead of that, however, the ore was reached at a distance of 70 feet from the mouth of the lower tunnel only, showing the chute to have considerably larger dimensions at depth than near the surface. The power house and flume have been constructed and are ready for the installation of the electric plant, which is expected to arrive shortly. The Active Gold Mining Company, which operates the Union Jack, is developing the mine in a very en terprising manner and the Durkee electric drills which are being installed are the first to be put in operation in this mining division. The company has recently acquired timber rights over 5,000 acres of valuable timber land, comprising nearly the whole of the Porcupine Creek Valley, and will probably put in a sawmill. On the Foghorn mine the croscut tunnel has reached the vein at a distance of 750 feet, the depth from the surface being about 500 feet perpendicular. A large body of fine concentrating ore has been opened up at this depth interspersed with smaller chutes of richer ore. The Golden Monarch Co., of .Spokane, which operates the property, intends to ship out about 500 tons of this richer ore during the winter and to install a concentrator as early as possible next spring. LEGAL DECISIONS AFFECTING THE MINING INDUSTRY. (Specially Reported.) m'naught v. van NORMAN et al. THIS case is a peculiar one. The Sheriff seized, under writ of execution, one-quarter interest belonging to a judgment debtor, in certain mineral claims. The plaintiff McNaught was the recorded owner of three-quarter interest in the claims on May 31,1901. Before sale of the interest by the Sheriff the judgment debtor allowed his free miner's certificate to lapse, without renewing it. With the purpose of reviving the interest of the judgment debtor the Sheriff, on behalf of the creditors, applied for and obtained the issuance of a special free miner's certificate in the judgment debtor's name, but without his authority. This was issued on June 5, 1901. The plaintiff was the co-owner with the judgment debtor in the mineral claims, and claimed the interest seized, under Sec. 9 of the Mineral Act, which pro^ vides ithat where any co-owner fails to keep up his free miner's certificate, such failure shall not cause a forfeiture of the claim, but the interest of the co-owner so failing to keep up his certificate shall vest in the remaining co- owners. It was argued that the Sheriff was to be regarded as the judgmtnt debtor's agent, and that it was the Sheriff's duty to protect the execution creditors by obtaining such certificate and holding the interest 'in the claims, and that no voluntary or involuntary act of the debtor could affect the property under execution. But it was held by Mr. Justice Irving, and subsequently by the Full Court, that the title of the judgment debtor had become the property of the co-owner as soon as the free miner's certificate, lapsed, and that the license subsequently issued to the Sheriff could not revive the interest of the judgment debtor- Also that no person could take out a special license in the judgment debtor's name, to revive the lapsed certificate, other than the judgment debtor himself. M COMPANY MEETINGS AND REPORTS. HALL MINING AND SMELTING- R. ROBERT R. HEDLEY, smelter manager, and Mr. J. J. Campbell, agent and business manager, report as follows, their report being dated September 17th and is for the year ending June 30th: On July 9th, 1901, the smelting of Silver King ore was begun in the small furnace and was continued with very little interruption until December 16th, when the supply of ore was overtaken. The campaign had been somewhat prolonged by the smelting of silicious ore purchased from other mines and of lead copper matte from the lead -furnace. As well as providing additional charge for the furnace, the nature ol this material tended to retard. the action of the furnace and lessen the daily tonnage smelted, which was compensated for by the higher charge for treatment. 424 THE MINING RECORD. On March ioth, a stack of Silver King ore having been accumulated, the furnace was blown in again, and' ran until May 2nd, when we ran out of ore again. During the year the furnace was in blast 202^ days, and 22,936 tons of Silver King and 2,558 tons of purchased ores, etc., were treated, or a daily average of 136.3 tons- The daily tonnage smelted was affected not only by the addition of the purchased ore mentioned, but by the changed character of the Silver King ore, which contained so much more sulphur than 'formerly that it was frequently impossible to make matte of shipping grade at the first smelting, requiring therefore the crushing, roasting and re-smelting of a considerable quantity of low-grade matte. The financial results of the copper campaign were affected as compared with past'experience by the following factors: (1) Cost per ton increased by the reduced daily tonnage owing to the character of the ore, and by the idleness of the furnace for a considerable time owing to the short supply of the Silver King ore. (2) Cost per ton reduced by the operation of the larger furnace on lead smelting to which a share of fixed expenses was charged; by a reduction in price of coke from $4.50 to $4.00 per ton and of freight on coke from $2,25 to $2.00 per ton. (3) Earnings per ton increased by the higher treatment charge earned on purchased silicious ore than on Silver King ore. (4) Earnings increased per ton by the saving on freight and refining charges on matte produced in March and April I and by shipment to the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Limited, at Grand Forks, for treatment at their newly installed converters, instead of shipment to New York or of treatment in our own reverberatory furnaces. (5) Earnings oer ton seriously decreased by the fall in the price of copper and silver, the mining department being paid for the ore at prices on the date of sampling, except for the production in March and April. On July 1st, 1901—Copper was i6j^c. per lb.; silver, 59^c. On June 30thj, 1902—Copper was n^c per lb.; silver, 52j4c, and consequently our loss in prices was heavy. During the year lead smelting was carried on in the larger furnace, which was kept in blast for 306 days, some interruptions having occurred while cleaning out and repairing the furnace on several occasions, and during the rebuilding of the mechanical roaster. The character of the ore smelted has not been such as to give the best metallurgical results, the average percentage of zinc being high, reducing the capacity of the furnace and the recovery of metals. This was due to the fact that the ssrious fall in the prices of silver and lead had led to the discontinuance of shipments from some of the larger producers of the cleaner ores, which as a rule in this country are not so rich in silver. The supply obtainable, while somewhat irregular and uncertain, has been sufficient for our requirements. It would probably not have been so, but that ,dn order to stimulate production and to offset as far as possible the effects upon the mines of the low prices of metals, the various smelters doing business in this country decided to make a sweeping reduction in their charges for freight and treatment, and to operate without profit if necessary until the depression was tided over. The co-operation of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Great Northern Railway having been obtained by a reduction of freight rates on lead ores, a reduction of combined freight and treatment rates of $4.00 on clean ores and $3.00 on lead ores high in zinc was put into effect, the rate being graded in relation to the price of lead on final settling day, so that as lead recovered in value the treatment rate would advance. Unfortunately for both miners and smelters no recovery has taken place in the price of either silver or lead, so that we have had to operate during the last half of our financial year at the reduced treatment rate. • During the early part of the year there was anxiety about the supply of dry ore, but ample supplies were secured, and we now expect to have enough of both dry and lead ores for both furnaces, and have therefore been operating both for some time past. Systematic efforts have been made to bring about improved conditions for lead for the advantage of the miner and smelter, and it was exoected that the result of these efforts would have been felt during the year, but although success has been achieved in some directions, the benefits have not yet been felt, but there is no reason to doubt that the expectations of those interested will be realized before loner. The efforts were directed to securing a Canadian refinery and a protected home market for pig lead, and the manufactures thereof in Canada. The results to date are that the government have granted a bonus on pig lead refined from bullion in Canada:— $5-oo per ton for 1902; $4.00 per ton for 1903; $3.00 per ton for 1904; $2.00 per ton for. 1905; $1.00 per ton for 1906; not to exceed $100,000 in any one year. The Canadian Smelting Works have erected an experimental refinery, using a newly invented electrolytic process for the first time, with.a normal capacity of ten tons daily. This has been in operation some time, the initial difficulties are nearly all overcome, and the construction of a larger refinery, with sufficient capacity to handle their own and our output, is planned. A vigorous agitation for the desired changes in the lead duties has been carried on, and it is understood that at the promised revision of the tariff at the next session of the House of Commons, some readjustment of the lead duties will be made in the desired direction. With our lead bullion refined in Canada and a protected home'market for lead, the production of lead ores will be stimulated, even though the world's market price for lead should not advance, and the position of the Canadian lead mines and smelters be greatly improved. During the year we affected a considerable reduction in the cost of our fluxing material, and the prospects for the future with regard to this important item are much improved. There was some serious interruption in our fuel supply, owing to a disastrous explosion in the mines of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, followed soon after by a miners' strike. While our reserve stock, with such small quantities as we could procure, enabled us to keep one furnace in blast, the shortage of supply deterred us from attempting - to secure ore for the second furnace for the time being. We again suffered severely from the fall in the price of silver, which was 59^ic. per ounce at the beginning, and 52j4c. per ounce at the end of the year, and to a less extent from the depreciation in the value of lead from £12 7s. 6d. July 1st, 1901, to £11 2s. 6d. June 30th, 1902. By a change in our system of purchases, put into effect in January, 1902, as to lead ores, and some months later as to dry ores, by which final settlement is made at prices ruling three months after the date of purchase, much of the risk of the loss has been eliminated from the business, but as there was at that tfrkne as usual a considerable stock on hand, and as we had been operating for half a year before any change was made, the loss on this account during the year is heavy. In April, the installation of electric motors was completed, and soon after the use of steam was dispensed with. Occasional short interruptions have caused some annoyance, but the convenience is great and the economy is proving equal to the estimate submitted to you at the time when the question of expenditure was under consideration. The feeling throughout the Kootenay is decidedly more cheerful than it has been for some time past, and, as outlined to yoti in the estimate furnished you of the current year's costs and earnings, we consider there is every reason to look for a reasonable profit in the future. Smelter Account.—The following is the smelter account for the year:— £ s. d. To purchase of customs ore 178.695 12 2 To administration expenses .. 2,323 10 8 To smelting expenses 44^643 3 5 To outside expenses 1,004 T 10 To balance, being profit on smelting.. .. 5071 19 3 Total £231,702 7 4 t> , £ s. d. By value of matte and bullion produced .. 231,563 10 8 By interest I38 16 8 Total £231,702 j a THE MINING RECORD. 424a CENTRE STAR. The annuai meeting of the Centre Star Mining Company was held in Toronto on the 25th November, and the virions reports presented The financial statement shows that the indebtedness of the company had been reduced to $160028 two months ago, and was being reduced at the rate of |30,ooo a month, which would make it about $100,000 now- During the year, $29,836 has been written off for depreciation. The assets include $3,300,544, the value of the Centre Star mine, $1,480 cash in bank, $220,938, mining machinery and buildings, $16,250 in stocks of other companies, and $10,629, accounts receivable. Mining and development have cost $172,552, and diamond drill prospecting, $8,371. Manager Kirby, in his report, said: "The condition of the Centre Star mine has been improved during the year The reserves of pay ore have been increased and the heavy decline in copper has been more than offset by the reduction in smelting rates, and the satisfactory solution of the problem of treating the low grades by milling now makes it certain that large bodies of ore exposed will soon be available. "Ore sales during the year were 11,087 tons, averaging $I3-3L smelter gross assay value. The development of the mine has from the beginning continued to expose large quantities of ore too low in grade for smelting, but rich enough to promise a handsome profit to successful milling, and now that the difficulties of such treatment have been overcome, these low grade masses will soon be available." The net proceeds from ore sales were $89,752. The directors were re-elected. FONTENOY. A meeting of the shareholders of the Fontenoy Mining Company was held this month at the offices of Messrs. Pooley, Luxton & Pooley. A majority of the shares were represented and after a lengthened consideration of the affairs of the company, it was resolved to offer the balance of the treasury shares for sale in order to liquidate the claims against the company, it being reported to the meeting that owing to the favourable aspect of affairs j)n adjoining properties, there would be no difficulty in disposing of sufficient shares in Spokane and elsewhere to put the company's affairs in good condition. Mr- P. J. Hickey, who was present at the meeting, stated that on the Waterloo claim, which adjoins the Fontenoy ground, a vein three feet wide had been encountered in the face of a drift not more than 30 feet from the Fontenoy boundary line, and that he had been informed by Mr. Clarke, of Spokane, who had now secured control of the Waterloo, that this ore assayed about $37 per ton. Mr. Hickey also gave a brief outline of the work which had been done on the company's claim at Camp McKinney, and stated that the workings were all in good shape, and ready for a continuation of mining operations. There are three shafts on the property—one at a depth of 140 feet, from which three drifts had been started, at 30, 60 and 140 feet depth respectively- Two veins had been encountered, one of base ore and one free milling ore. Assays as high as $80 a ton had been obtained from the free milling vein. Mr. H. Mortimer Lamb was appointed to fill a vacancy on the board and Mr. Sargison was appointed secretary of the company. YMIR GOLD MINES. At an extraordinary general meeting of the Ymir Gold Mines, Ltd., held in London, the 29th inst., resolutions were passed authorizing the voluntary winding up of the company with a view to reconstruction, additional funds being needed for the further development of the mine and to pay certain liabilities. The company is therefore to be reconstructed on the basis of an assessment of 3s. per share on the issued capital of £200,000, payable as to 6d. per share on application, and is. per share on allotment, and the balance in calls of 6d. per share at intervals of not less than one month. There is, it is said, at the present time too.ooo tons of ore blocked out in the mine on which a profit can be made. The whole of the required capital has been guaranteed. ROSSLAND BONANZA. The annual report of the Secretary-Treasurer was presented by H. W. C. Jackson. As acting manager Mr. Jackson also reported on the year's operations. In noting that ore shipped from the oroperty last winter, and aggregating only 76 tons, had netted the company some $600 after paying all costs of extraction, transportation and treatment, Mr Jackson remarked that the results might have been substantially brighter, had good management been displayed in the stoping and sorting of ore. He found on examination th?t the so-called waste dumps actually contained a considerable quantity of excellent shipping ore, while careless chuting in the stopes had resulted in waste and fine ore being inextricably mixed, with resulting loss to the company. In view of the fact that the company had developed in the Bonanza mine a chute of ore 200 feet in length and had demonstrated that the strength of that vein and quality of the ore improved as the water level was passed, he was disposed to be optimistic with regard to the future of the property. Both reports were unanimously adopted. In the second meeting the question of reconstruction was broached in the form of a resolution, under which it was proposed to form the Bonanza Gold Mines of Rossland with a capital of $1,000,000 in shares of a par value of $1 each. Each shareholder in the original company was to receive a fully paid-up share in the new corporation, to be delivered at the expiration of 18 months from the date of reconstruction. This resolution was unanimously carried. Directors for the new company were elected as follows: Mayor J. S. Clute, Major W. H. van Buskirk, City Engineer; E. W. Ruff,'Sullivan Drill Company; Charles S. Sangster, Jenckes Machine Company; Dr. Campbell, Samuel W. Hall and H. W. C. Jackson. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. npO THE EDITOR. Sir: Of the abundance of ■I metalliferous ores in British Columbia there is no doubt. As a rule the deposits are characterized rather by their extent than by their richness. Thus the problem to be solved in this province, before mining takes its proper places industrially, is how to provide the cheapest and best transportation of ores to a smelter, or, perhaps it would be more accurate to say, to provide the best means of assembling at suitable points of ores, fluxes and fuel. A secondary problem, which will be solved by the solution of the other, is how best to furnish transportation for machinery and other supplies to the mines. Many railway proposals are before the people of B. C. All of them have merit, though some more than others. The claims of some are more pressing than those of others. All of them would assist in the mining development of the province, but no argument is needed to show that in the location of trunk lines, such as the Coast-Kootenay, the Canadian Northern and others, the requirements of individual mines can only occupy a very subordinate place. A trunk line will lead to the development of mines within a limited distance of its rails, but the area of the province is so vast that there will always be lying between any trunk lines ever likely to be built, wide areas which will not be accessible from them, in the sense that accessibility means in this connection. In some, cases short branch lines will meet the necessities of the case, but in many others the locations are so very difficult of access that some other means than ordinary railways; will have to be adopted. There can never be anything like thorough development without transportation being provided to meet such cases, and perhaps there is no more important question, or one likely to lead to better results both to the promoters and the public, if rightly solved, than how to furnish adequate facilities to mines off the trunk railway lines and debarred from employing water carriage. In the course of his observations made in Victoria to the Board of Trade on the occasion of his recent visit to Victoria, the Minister of Railways dwelt at some length upon the granting of aid by the federal government to "development-railways." He took the 424b . THE MINING RECORD. position that before promoters approached the government seeking aid, they ought to be in a position to show, not by mere general statements, but by evidence which would commend itself to reasonable men, that the district to be traversed by the line will repay railway construction. As one gentleman, after hearing Mr. Blair, said, he thought the government ought to assist but not to promote railways. While Mr. Blair's remarks may not have been quite as full of promise for the future as some of his auditors couM have wished, there is little doubt as to the soundness of the principle which he enunciated. The time has passed in Canada when our resources are regarded as so problematical that the government must make ari effort to get companies to build railways. Enterprises almost without number are before the public, asking for assistance. The government cannot assist them all, and will naturally choose those that can make the best showing for the benefit of Canada as a whole. Speaking more expecially in regard to this province, it is to be expected that the Dominion Government will prefer to extend its aid to what may be called trunk lines, and the amount which these will involve is so great that, if they are taken up, the extent of aid that can be reasonably expected by local lines must necessarily be.very small. The policy of the Provincial Government has hitherto been directed in the same line as suggested above as likely to be followed by the federal authorities. None of the railway, aid acts passed during the last six years has contemplated assistance to lines intended to serve one or two mines or a restricted locality. There is good reason why they should not. Public aid in the way of cash bonuses can only be extended to railways located according to a general plan, which by reason of its bearing upon the development of the province on a broad scale can be recommended to the Legislature and be justified to the public. Other considerations than these may have influenced governments and legislatures, but it may be stated as a general proposition that no others will prevail in the long run. Under these circumstances every one interested in the due development of mining in this province will realize the very large responsibility attaching to private enterprise in the matter of subordinate lines of transportation, and it is at least worthy of discussion whether some means cannot be devised whereby the construction of such lines can be promoted. It also seems as if the subject might well engage the active attention of capitalists and others directly interested in the enlargement of the mining industry. Victoria, B.C. C. L. THE PROVINCE'S MINERAL EXHIBIT IN LONDON. §1 O THE EDITOR. Sir: I have been informed that the British Columbia mineral exhibits, which have created such huge interest at Glasgow and later at the Royal Exchange in London, are to be packed up and sent to the Victoria, B.C., museum. I am surprised that the Government could even conceive such a ridiculous proceeding. The specimens were loaned or given for exhibition purposes abroad (in some instances at considerable expense to mine owners); then what good will they do to this country if placed in the Victoria museum ? The main object of the exhibits being to show the mineral resources of British Columbia abroad, to a public, which up to recently knew nothing or very little about our province and which practically means advertising abroad, then what benefit will the country derive by advertising at home ? There are many ways of using the whole exhibit to good purpose. Why not send it to the St. Louis Exposition and if not used for exhibition purposes later, the Imperial Institute or any other prominent situation in London where they would always be before the eyes of the British public would certainly be a better place than the Victoria musuem. Yours truly, M. GINTZBURGER. Three Forks, nth October, 1902. COMPANY NOTES AND CABLES. Le Roi-—The following is the manager's report for September, 1902, of the Le Roi Mining Company, Ltd.:— "The tonnage shipped during the month, together with its contents and gross value, was as follows: Dry tons. Ozs.Au. Ozs.Ag. Lbs-Cu. Value wet. per ton. 1st class .. .. 13,667 6,778 12,145 580,005 $15-26 2d class dump. 1,999 660 933 - 50,722 $9-76 15,666 7,438 13,078 630,727 "The cost of breaking .and delivering the first-class ore on the railroad cars was $2.65 per ton, while the cost of development was equal to $1-25 per ton—'increases of 25c. and 51c. per ton respectively, as compared with August- The explanation for the relatively higher expenditure is found in the facts that the tonnage stoped during September was smaller, and the exploration work greater than was the case in the previous month. "Mine Expenditure.—The expenditure for the month on mine account was $54,054. "Northport Smelter.—The expenditure for the month was $157,843. The public ores purchased during the month amounted to 5,740 tons, containing 2,953 ozs. of gold, 6,080 ozs. of silver, 282,825 lbs- copper- The tonnage treated during the month was 23,681 wet tons, segregated as follows:— Roasted ores 15,234 Raw ores Le Roi 198 Raw ores Le Roil second class 2,537 Raw ores public 5,712 Estimated Profit for the Month:— The gross value of the first class ore shipped from the mine was $15.26 per ton, equal to $208,558 From this deduct smelter losses, refiners' settlement rates, and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days and copper 60 days, at 6 per cent., equal to $2.61 per ton 35,671 i 1 172,887 Deduct cost of mining and smelting at $8.18 per ton ■ 111,796 Net estimated profit on first class ore $ 61.091 The gross value of the second-class dump ore shipped from the mine was $9.76, equal to 19,519 From this deduct scmelter losses, refiners' settlement rates, and interest on gold and silver values for 90 days and copper 60 days, at 6 per cent., equal to $1.56 per ton 3,n8 t^ j r , $ 16,391 Deduct cost of loading and smelting at $4.44 .. .. 8,875 Net estimated profit on second-class ore .. $ 7,516 THE MINING RECORD. 424c Ihe total estimated profit as above amounts to $68,607.51, being greater by nearly $6,000 than estimated in the cabled returns of 6th inst., owing to the fact that the smelting'costs proved to be lower than anticipated. Since the last monthly report the main shaft has been completed to a depth of 147 feet below the 1,200-foot level. A station is being cut at 1.350 feet, and driiting east and west will be commenced at this depth by the 20th October: Nothing of importance has been encountered in the crosscuts and drives on the 1,050 and 1,200 levels during the month. The limits of the high grade ore on the intermediate stope between the 9th and 1,050 levels have been ascertained, and measurements show that it still contains 16,000 tons of shipping ore. The upper stopes which are being drawn upon are producing the usual tonnage and grade of ore. At the western end of the 800 main stope, we are putting up a raise to the 700-foot level, which is in ore that average assays show to be of a value of about $10 per ton, but I anticipate an improvement in its grade as we near the 7th level. On the surface from a small cross vein directly north of the main shaft, we are mining some very high grade ore. The vein averages about 1 foot in width, has a north and south strike, and dips to the east. One car (30 tons) of ore from this point has been shipped to Northport, which averaged $70 per ton. Two more cars are on the dump ready for shipment." The returns for the month of October as cabled are as follows: "Shipped from the mine to Northport, 15,200 tons of ore, containing 8,676 ozs. of gold, 12,500 ozs of silver, 585,302 lbs of copper. Shipped from the dump to North- port 1,809 tons, containing 394 ozs. of gold, 640 ozs. of silver, 32,610 lbs. copper. Estimated profit for the month, $85,000." , The net profits as officially reported by the manager since May last are as follows:— Tonnage. Net Profits. May 13,047 $ 66,932 June 14,828 94,302 July 16,170 108.348 August 18,578 79,487 September 15,666 68,617 October 17,699 35,ooo Totals 95,898 $502,686 Le Roi No. 2.—The following is the manager's report of the Le Roi No. 2, Ltd.. for the month ended 30th Sep-, tember:— "Output—There were approximately 6,070 tons of ore shipped to the smelter during the month. "Approximate contents and values in the 6,070 tons of ore: 2,646 ozs. gold at $20.00 equals $52,911, or $8.72 per ton; 6,031 ozs. silver at 53 cents equals $3,196 or 52 cents per ton; 252,036 lbs. copper at 12 cents equals $30,244 or $4.98 per ton. Making the total gross value $86,351; or the average per ton $14.22. Monitor and Ajax Fraction.—Report for September: Ore in transit—Crude galena, 60 tons, estimated net value $2,400; carbonates, 30 tons, estimated net value, $1,200— $3,600. Sept. 30. Ore in hand—Crude galena and carbonates, 79 tons, estimated value, $1,200; carbonates, 10 tons, estimated net value, $400—$1,600. Ore mined during the month—Crude galena and carbonates, 79 tons, .estimated net value, $3,200. Cost of mining per ton, 8.70; cost of mining per ton, 8.68 previous month. Development, 217 feet. Cost of development per foot, 6.85; cost of development per foot," 6.86 previous month. Mr. Maurice Gintzburger, the company's manager, reports that the mine is in excellent shape, and that every available man is being engaged in opening stopes. He estimates the October shipments at 100 tons, and anticipates that from November he will double this output. In No. 5 level the drift south has been pushed forward 40 feet, and a stope is being opened up. Drifting to the north through the fault has been commenced. Ledge matter in the fault contains ore, and there are good indications of intersecting the true ledge at an early date. The ordinary general meeting of this company has been fixed for the Qth December. News has been received that,- after drifting 40 feet through the fault, the true ledge has been-struck, of full width and high values. Arlington Mine, Erie.—The following are the returns for the month of October: Shipments for October, 106 tons, producing net smelter returns of '•. • ■ -$4>705 72 Shipments by lease-holders, 63 tons, producing a j royalty of 463 81 Total receipts $5.16893 Total cpenses io British Columbia 3,317 41 Profit for the month $1,851 52' Le Roi No. 2—Under date Rossland, 9th November the company's manager telegraphs as follows:—"Shipments last month amounted to 2,413 tons; contents, 1,042 ozs. of gold, 3,360 ozs. of silver, 66 tons copper. The returns from ore amount to $19,390. Have located with diamond drill on 300 foot level to the west of tramway dyke upward continuation of ore body. Over footwall stope above 500-foot level diamond drill core shows the ore is 10 feet thick; average of three assays is—gold $96 per ton, copper 2j4 per cent. Will probably require to crosscut to the south 95 feet to open chute; have started to crosscut for ore body." (September: 6,070 tons, value $86,351.) Velvet Rossland.—The manager cables:—"Have received the following returns from smelter: 126Yi tons yielded 98 ozs. gold, 103 ozs. silver, 15,808 lbs. copper; net proceeds from smelter, $2,215, or an. average of £3 12s. 6d. per ton net." Ymir.—Cablegram from the company's manager at Nelson British Columbia:—"During last month 50 stamps ran 671 hours (28 days). Estimated profit on operating, $8,000 (£1,650). This is after deducting development, $3,000 (£618)." (September profit, £618.) MINING RETURNS AND STATISTICS. EAST kootenay. THE North Star, mine continues to maintain average daily shipments of 40 tons. The Fort Steele Prospector estimates the value of the output from the Wild Horse Creek placers at $20,000. THE YUKON. It is stated that revised figures of Klondike output for the season just closed show the value of the aggregate yield to be twelve and a half million dollars. rossland. Shipments to date aggregate approximately 310,000 tons. To November 21st the returns are:— Tons. Le Roi 201,250 Le Roi No. 2 52,475 Centre Star 37,532 War Eagle 15,886 Giant 3>^9 Great Western ^' i« Velvet... .• 1.460 Cascade ^00 Bonanza ^0 Kootenay ^0 Spitzee ~- White Bear if> Total 303-913 BOUNDARY district. Shipments for the year to November 21st are made up as follows:— ..~.A'..ik tlvxia Tons Granby Mines, Phoenix 2u'o68 Stiowshoe, .,„'koo Mother Lode, Deadwood Z'kan a *. << 9,5»U Sunset _ 10 160 B. C. Mine, Summit « oca Emma, ' ' 7Sk Winnipeg, Wellington '™ Golden Crown, " .gg No. 7 Mine, Central „ 17g Jewel, Long Lake ' *o Providence, Providence m t 1 a. .. 433,343 Total, tons ' Granby Smelter treatment, tons 255,452 ROSSLAND. Our correspondent telegraphs: Shipments to November 29th aggregate 310,680 tons, or increase of 31-747 tons over last year's yield. 424d THE MINING RECORD. SLOCAN. Since January ist to November 22nd, 1902, the shipments have been as follows:— Name. Payne Ivanhoe Snnset (Jackson Basin). Reco American Boy. Arlington Hewett Bosun Last Chance... Wonderful.... Enterprise Lavina Bismark Queen Bess ... Silver Glance. Whitewater.,. Ottawa Capella Florence Trade Dollar... Slocan Boy.... Neepawa Hartney Marion May Paystreak Surprise Monitor Slocan Star .. Duplex Emily Edith.. Wakefield Prescott Rambler Molly Gibson, Washington.. Folliott C. O. D London Hill.. Ruth Antoine... R. E. Lee. Spectator. Red Pox.. Hampton. Dardanelles Porcupine.. Charleston . Pinto. -. Noble Five . Soho Total tons. Tons. 1558 532 827 407 1008 3340 785 1090 168 181 1960 85 62 180 223 2962 8 40 1 20 115 123 25 80 5 7 22 1055 598 7 20 220 4 4037 2100 187 2 2 115 825 165 144 4 40 4 21 21 2 11 13 21 64 25,390 COPPER STATISTICS. THE monthly copper statistics, prepared by John Stanton, show that the production in October of United States reporting mines was 24,152 tons, and production from outside sources (estimated) 2,100 tons, a total of 26 252 tons, or 464 tons in excess of the September production. The production of foreign reporting mines in October was 9,707 tons, or 5S2 tons more than in September. United States exports in October were 12,515 tons, a decrease of 668 tons from September. The production in the United States mines compares as follows (in tons of 2,240 pounds):— 1902-01. 1901-00. October j 26,252 24,098 September 25,788 21,580 August 25,206 22,667 July 26,749 21985 June 26,740 22,401 May 25,763 22,392 April 24,624 8.810 March 24,035 23,384 February 20,331 21,100 January 18,955 22,679 December 19,803 22,124 November 21,728 23,276 Foreign production figures (in tons of 2,240 pounds:— 1902-01. 1901-00. October 9,707 8,960 September 9,i55 9,477 August 9 S04 8,180 July 9>2io 9,254 June 8,202 . 8,522 -May 9,354 8,456 April 10,169 8,810 March 8,979 7,8i7 February 8,475 7,332 January 7367 5.910 December 8,677 8,483 November 8,864 7,752 Exports from United States (in tons of 2,240 pounds): 1902-01. 1901-00. October 12,515 8,016 September 13.183 6,419 August 12,429 6,840 July n-733 6824 June 14,027 6,842 May 16 283 10,062 April 16,424 4,849 March 20,097 6,818 February 16,108 8,453 January .. ..' 15,021 10,003 December 10171 11,223 November 6.367 9.508 MINING AT ROSSLAND. (Circular Report.) MR. GEORGE A. OHREN, United States consular agent at Rossland, B.C., sends us a copy of his November report as follows:— Nine mines are now shipping to the smelters in Washington and British Columbia. A few months ago, only two of these were shipping, and that in small quantities. The labour troubles have now been adjusted, and the mines are all working. The following table shows the average shipment for one week: Mine. Tons. Value. Le Roi 4,022 $52,286 Le Roi No. 2 420 5,460 Centre Star 1.350 17,550 War Eagle • 900 11,700 Giant .• 155 2,015 Velvet 150 1,950 Total 6,997 $90,961 A few years ago, the mines around Rossland could not afford to ship ore valued at less than $16 per ton- The charges for freight and smelter treatment amounted to $14. Later, these charges were decreased to $11' per ton, and about a year ago the smelters reduced the rate for freight and smelting to $6.50 per ton. A recent contract made by the War Eagle and Centre Star mines with the smelter enables them to ship ore valued at $5 per ton, although they ship a quantity of high-grade ore with the low grade. The terms of contract between these mines and the smelter are $4.50 per ton for freight and treatment. This is most important for the future prosperity of Rossland, the majority of the ore mined around the city being of low grade. With these cheap rates for freight and smelting there are hundreds of mines in the immediate vicinity of Rossland which will become shippers almost immediately. Every effort is being made by the managers of the mines to reduce the cost of concentration and refining of the ores. The Elmore process is being introduced, and great hopes are entertained of the ultimate success of this system. It is understood that the owners of the Elmore patents have expressed their willingness to erect a plant, or to sell one of their plants to the mine owners. There is a large demand for all skilled miners. Almost any man who is a thorough, practical miner, can obtain employment in Rossland or vicinity, and it seems probable that the demand for such labour will constantly increase. THE MINING RECORD. A new smelter is being erected near Grand Forks, which is expected to handle 1,000 tons of ore per day. It is said that h will be in operation within the next six months, and that several improvements in smelting will be introduced. It will pay dealers iki mining machinery in the United States to send representatives to the Kootenay country to advertise their manufactures. There is now a good opportunity to sell mining machinery at Rossland, in the Trout Lake district, and in other portions of the Koontenay. Manufacturers of giant powder, dynamite, hardware, sanitary supplies, steel cars, tramways, and all productions connected with smelters or mines should also be represented. The food products of the United States find a market in great variety in the Kootenay district. There are a number of wholesalers whose representatives visit the district periodically, but it seems to me that the business could be increased by ai .little more effort. There is a market for hardware, woodware, crockery, glass, plumbers' supplies, groceries, shoes, clothing, machinery, bar supplies, liquors, pool and billiard tables, printers' goods, stationery, drugs, furniture, leather goods, harness, waggons, carriages, bicycles, automobiles, fur garments, skates, sleighs, and sporting supplies. Freight rates to Rossland and other points in the Kootenay are unusually high, but the scale of wages paid is liberal, and generally the miners desire the best article. It is understood that in most lines the manufactures of the United States ire superior to those of Canada, and they command a more ready sale and better prices. Vancouver, September, 1902. L. EDWIN DUDLEY, Consul. TRADE NOTICES, CIRCULARS AND CATALOGUES. THE Caldwell Brothers Co., of Seattle and Tacoma, are making a specialty of mining machinery and represent on the Coast tbe Hendrie & Bolthoff Co. and other important American houses. They also carry in stock canning machinery, made by the Astoria Iron Works, Astoria; sawmill machinery of various manufactures; waterworks machinery, particularly pumps, hydrants, and water gates and water meters; engines, including the Corliss automatic high speed and balance slide valve; boilers, horizontal, vertical stationary and marine, and large stocks of pipe, fittings, hose, belting, rubber and leather, packing, shafting, pulleys, hangers, etc. "CAMMELL" STEEL. We understand that our friend, Mr. Rowland Machin. off then than he is now with his three dollars a who is the Canadian representative of tbe "Bennett" Fuse, and the "Holman" Patent Rock Drill, during his recent visit to the Old Country, accepted the Canadian agency of Messrs. Chas. Cammell & Co., very extensive steel manufacturers in Sheffield. Since his return, a canvass of the steel situation, from Halifax to Pacific Coast points, shows that there is a market for a really first class steel, and the various tests which have been made in the different mining centres which have been touched by Mr. Machin in his canvass encourage him to believe that in the near future the name, of "Cammell" will be as familiar in the mining world as it has hitherto been on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, whose system is heavily railed in many parts by steel rails from this company. ALLIS-CHALMERS CO. IN EUROPE. We have received the following communication from the Chicago office of the Allis-Chalmers Co.: "We desire to inform you that Mr. J. W. Young, secretary of the Allis-Chalmers Company and manager of the New York office, has retired from these two positions and has been appointed general European sales manager of the Allis-Chalmers Company, with headquarters in London, England. "This move is only another indication of the progressive ideas that control the vast business of the Allis-Chalmers Company, who are recognized as the largest producers of mining machinery and engines in the world. "Mr- Young's past eighteen years' connection with Fraser & Chalmers, during -vifcich time he represented them in Mexico, Australia, China, Japan, Straits Settlements and other foreign countries, and his undisputed qualification as o-eneral mining machinery expert and salesman eminently fit him for his important position. "While his many American friends will regret his going abroad, he has without question the best wishes of those who have had the good fortune of meeting him and availing themselves of his ability." ATLAS CARS. The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, in Cata- lagues Nos. 1008 and 1012, describe a partial line of cars manufactured by them for mine, dryer, coal, ore, rolling mills, blast furnaces, smelting works and other purposes. JEFFREY BELTING & CONVEYING MACHINERY. The catalogue (No. 72) issued by the Jeffrey Mfg. Co., of Columbus, Ohio, dealing with their well-known make of chain belting, steel cables and elevating and conveying machinery, is a comprehensive volume of upwards of four hundred pages, nearly every page of which is handsomely illustrated from photographs of machinery in actual use. LARGE ORDER CF COPPER WIRE FOR VANCOUVER. The Vancouver Power Company, of Vancouver, B.C., has let a contract to the E. F. Phillips Electrical Works Company, of Montreal, Quebec, for the supply of 170 miles of copper wire required for the transmission of power from the North Arm power house to the cities of Vancouver, New Westminster, and other centres. Delivery is to be in three instalments, one-third each in March, May and June, of 1903. The weight of the wire will be, approximately, 150 tons, and the contract price is about $35,000. MACHINERY SHIPMENTS TO JAPAN. A large consignment of mining machinery, made by the Allis-Chalmers Co., of Chicago, and consigned to a mining company operating in Koreai, recently reached Vancouver, B.C. It will be taken by the C.P.R. steamer Athenian to Kobe, Japan, where it will be transhipped to. a local steamer for Korea. COAL EXPORTATIONS AND TRADE. COAL exportations from Vancouver Island collieries during the month of October were as follows:— Tons. New Vancouver Coal Co 33,448 Ladysmith 26^295 Total 59,713 During the month pumping operations were commenced at the New Vancouver Coal Co.'s old workings at the northern end of Newcastle Island, overlooking Departure Bay. This mine was first opened some twenty-five years ago and worked for a considerable time, when it was abandoned while the more important seams in the vicinity of Nanaimo were being developed. It is hoped that this new addition to the New Vancouver Coal Co.'s extensive field of operation will amply reward their enterprise in opening up the old mine. Work will be prosecuted vigorously and the mine placed in working order as quickly as possible. The Fort Steele Prospector states that the Crow's Nest Company contemplate in the near future, possibly the coming year, a daily production of 6,000 tons. Of this vast product about 40 per cent, of the coal and 50 per cent, of the coke will be exported. The general demand for coal seems to have increased rapidly in recent years in the Northwest, and particularly so in this Province, and one of the most characteristic features of industrial development in this district has been the rise of the coal industry. It has been a constant struggle for the miners of the Crow's Nest Pass to meet the demands made upon them for coal and coke, but this difficulty will be overcome as the development and equipment of the collieries is increased.. The Crow's Nest Southern has built a spur to the coal deposits at Morrisey Creek. Five strong seams have been opened here, on all of which work is proceeding rapidly. The output from Morrisey is nearly 1,000 tons daily, and nearly the entire output is exported into the United States. The coal mining industry of Southeast Kootenay has as vet been but paritally developed. The area of coal fields now under development is about 300 square miles. To the south, in the Flathead Valley, is an, area of 300 square miles of a coal and oil producing country, which when thrown open by the Provincial Government for exploration, will give to this district a coal deposit of vast extent, second to none on the American continent. 426 THE MINING RECORD. THE LOCAL STOCK MARKET. IF conditions do not shortly improve it would seem that it is only a question oi time before local mining stocks cease to have any speculative value whatever. With hardly any exception all listed stocks have further declined this month, and in several instances quotations are absurdly inadequate. It meanwhile is affirmed with certainty that those who judiciously select and purchase standard stocks at present prices with a determination to hold, will make very handsome profits on their transactions. The question, of course, is how long will it be necessary to hold before it will be possible to realize? While it would be unwise to give a definite reply to such a question, it may nevertheless be stated that signs are not wanting of an early revival of speculative interest and activity. Next year the Rossland mines, provided conditions remain normal, should begin to earn regular dividends. Dividends will also be expected from the Boundary, and mining for zinc in the Slocan will certainly assume quite considerable proportions. Once the mines show that they are capable of earning profits, the shares will naturally possess an intrinsic, instead of as now. a purely speculative value, and the market generally will become an active one. During the month Cariboo-McKinney has been greatly dealt in, transactions amounting to 58,400 shares being reported at 19 to 20^. It is reported that a dividend of 2j^ cents per share will become payable on the 15th of December. The transfer books close December 1st. The October clean-up is said to have been $18,000. With this distribution the mine will have paid $509,000 in dividends to shareholders. Sales of 38,000 Centre Star shares are reported to have been made on the Rossland exchange. The price, however, considering the position of the mine, is very low. Other principal sales are: Payne. 12,500 shares; Giant, 18,000 shares; Republic, 15,500 shares; White Bear, 7,500 shares; War Eagle, 13,500 shares; American Boy, 14000 shares; Mountain Lion. 19,000 shares; Homestake, 8.667 shares; Black Tail, 5,000 shares; North Star, 2,500 shares; Rambler. 3,500 shares; Fisher Maiden. 6,500 shares. Granby Smelter has advanced during the month from $3 to $3-75- Waterloo is firmer, and the shares are in good demand. Fairview has slumped badly, from 8j4 to 4J/2, probably in consequence of the non-materialization of the plan to sell the mine to a London syndicate. The property itself is promising enough, but it is unfortunate that premature reports concerning it are so frequently published broadcast. Rambler in the last few months has declined from 80 to 30. There are many rumours concerning the mine, amongst others that_ it will be necessary to suspend dividends for at least a period. The concentrator is not in operation as water-power is not sufficient and the steam boilers ordered have not yet arrived. Payne, for no apparent cause, has fallen to n-8j^. War Eagle is firm at 19. THE METAL MARKET. SILVER continues to decline at an alarming rate, and no immediate improvement is anticipated. There has been heavy selling of Mexican dollars in London of late and Indian demand is light, to which facts the recent market weakness are chiefly attributed. Demands from the Orient are very inconsiderable, while there have been no special orders for coinage purposes. The price this month is the lowest on record, New York quotations being a fraction over 49 cents. Copper has been quiet, very few transactions having taken place. Foundationless reports have been again circulated of increased stocks and over supply, but the disturbed condition of the securities' market is said to have been largely responsible for this slackness. Quotations are somewhat nominal, though showing a decline. The latest New York prices are: Lake copper iil/2@n%; electrolytic in cakes, wirebars and ingots, iil/h@n$i; cathodes, ii@ii^; casting copper, iiJ4@ii^. The average price during October was-ii.449. The American lead market has remained steady. There have been no change in prices since last month. St. Louis quotes 3-97^@4-05; New York 4.05@4.io. European demand is somewhat better, and slight advances in prices are reported. Spelter has been rather irregular, and the market is less buoyant. The ruling quotations are 5.10, St. Louis; 5.25, New York. The average price last month was 5.38. PROVINCIAL SECRETARY,S OFFICE. HIS HONOUR the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased to make the following appointments :— 7th November, 1902. Walter Woollacott, of Alert Bay, Esquire, Provincial Police Constable, to be Deputy Mining Recorder for the Nanaimo Mining Division, with sub-recording office at Alert Bay. 12th November, 1902. Granville Vernon Cuppage, of the City of Victoria, Esquire, to be Mining Recorder in and for the Victoria Mining Division. EXAMINATION FOR ASSAYERS FOR LICENCE ,TO PRACTICE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. IN ACCORDANCE with section 12 of the Bureau of Mines Act, examinations for efficiency in the practice of assaying will be held at Victoria, B.C., on 8th December, 1902, and on such following days as may be found necessary. Entrance for Examination. Entrance for any examination must be made in writing to the Secretary of the Board of Examiners, at least seven days before the date set for beginning of examination, and must be accompanied by the prescribed fee ($10). The examination will consist chiefly of the practical assaying of samples and while the Department of Mines will provide ail the apparatus and chemicals usually necessary, it will not undertake to provide any special or unusual appliances or chemicals which might be called for, and if a candidate should require such he will have to provide them at his own expense. Candidates must provide themselves with such platinum ware and sets of weights as they may require. The Department of Mines will make no charge for the use of chemicals or apparatus, but a candidate will be charged for all breakages or unnecessary loss caused by him. Any additional information desired may be obtained from H. Carmichael, Secretary. Board of Examiners, Victoria E. G. PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria. B.C., ioth November. 1902. POGSON, PELOUBET & CO. Public Accountants HENNESSY BUILDING, BUTTE. NEW YORK --.. 20 BROAD STREET. New Catalogue ELEVATING-CONVEYING' MACHINERY Now Ready, Send for Copy. The JEFFREY MFG. CO., COLUMBUS, O-, U.S.A. THE MINING RECORD. XI. LOCAL STOCK MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER. Prepared by the Stnart Robertson Co., Ltd., successors to A. W. More & Co., Ltd., Stock Brokers, Victoria, B. O. Companies. Cariboo McKin'y, Cariboo Hydra'lic Centre Star Ciow's Nest P. C.. Dardanelles Evening Star.'.'...' Fairview Corp'n.. Iron Mask Jumbo North Star '. Payne. Rambler Slocan Star '.' Sullivan War Eagle ; Waterloo " Winnipeg /.StrFEugene '. Granby Week Ending Saturday, November 8th. Highest. 19 30 1,0 west. 300 18^ 33 no 00 Week Ending Saturday, November 16th. Highest. Lowest , I9K $ 191A .. go 35 35% 115 00 125 00 2 3 15 12 40 aW 40 Week Ending Saturday November 22nd. Highest Lowest. 36^ 115 00 j 35 Week Ending Thursdaj November 28th. 25 Highest. ■6 V ■M 1/1 •a % m $ TM $ 20 90 38^ 37^ 125 OO 115 00 3 2 5 Ai H 6 4 10 j§y 13 12 9K 34 28 100 M 45i m& w$ 4 3 4 40 30 3 75 3 4° I/O west. 36 no 00 1 cent. CALCUTTA ORE SACKS 40 in. Hessians, Fire-Bricks, Fire-Clay, Galvanized Sheet Iron. SOLE AGENTS FOR THE DISTRICT FOR THE CELEBRATED | Valvoline " Cylinder and Machine ^^^^^^^^^ Steel Rails a Specialty. C. F. JACKSON & CO., Ld., SHIPPING AND COMMISSION AGENTS. WHARF—Heatley Ave., Vancouver. NOTICE. 151 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C NOTICE. rff£ NOTICE is. hereby given that the following definitions of the West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division, be substituted for those at present in force: West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division. -' .Commencing at Amphitrite Point; thence northerly along height of land separating drainage area of those streams emptying into Pacific Ocean north of such point, from drainage area of those streams emptying into Barkley Sound, following each height of land to a point where it intersects the height of land separating drainage area of those streams emptying into Pacific Ocean on west from drainage area of streams emptying into Straits of Georgia on east; thence northwesterly along such divide to a point west of Conuma (or Woss) Lake; thence southwesterly on the height of land separating the streams draining into Kyuquot Sound on the north from those draining into Esperanza Inlet on the south to Tachu Point; thence by Pacific Ocean, including all Coast Islands, to point of commencement: And further that the name "Clayoquot Mining Division" be substituted for "West Coast, Vancouver Island, Mining Division." EDWD. GAWLOR PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., 22nd October, 1902. NOTICE is hereby given of the establishment of the Quatsino Mining Division, Vancouver Island, under the following denned boundaries:— •.;jQuATSiNO Mining Division. Commencing at Tatchu Point; thence north-easterly orj the height of land separating the streams draining into Kyu— quot Sound on the north from those draining intc Esperanza Inlet on the south to a point west of Conuma lor Woss) Lake; thence north-westerly on the height of land separat--' ing the drainage area of those streams emptying into the Pacific Ocean on the West from the drainage area of those streams emptying into the Straits of Georgia on the northeast to Cape Scott; thence by Pacific Ocean, including air- Coast islands, to point of commencement. EDWD. GAWLOR PRIOR, Minister of Mines. Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., 22nd October, 1902. HIS HONOUR the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has; been pleased to make the following appointments:— 17th October, 1902. Edward E. Potts, of Quatsino, Esquire, to be Mining Recorder for the Quatsino Mining Division, to reside and; usually perform his duties at Quatsino. XII. THE MINING RECOED. CITY OF VICTORIA. The Metropolis of Western Canada. The terminus of the Vancouver Island railways, and, under agreement, the British Columbia terminus of the Great Northern Railway of the United States, and of the Canadian Northern. The Canadian gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific Islands. The startling point of steamship lines to the Yukon and Caspar gold fields, and their chief source of mercantile supply. The principal Canadian port of call for tourists on the line between San Francisco and Alaska. Only a few hours' sail from Seattle, Tacoma and other Sound cities. CLIMATE—Unexcelled for health and comfort, temperate and bland. Cool in summer and mild in wlinter. Flowers the year round. SCENERY—World-renowned. Unparalleled marine vi<>ws. Ideal landscapes. Charming vistas. Splendid public edifices, churches and schools. The magnificent Parliament Bufildingsi, architecturally perfect. Superb private •residences and grounds. Paved streets and sidewalks. Electric railways and all appurtenances of the most modern city. Drives that excite the admiration of everyone. Incomparable public parks. ENVIRONS—Never-to-be-forgotten scenes of picturesque beauty. See Esquimalt suberb, with its dockyard and ships of war, accessible to visitors; Cordova, Cadboro, Fowl and Oak Bays, Saanich, Goldstream and Sooke—far-famed retreats. SPORTS AND GAMES of all kinds. Driving Parks, Agricultural Grounds, Golf Links. Victoria Arm, five miles long, the most perfect pleasure waterway on the Pacific Coast, always placid and delightful. First-class Hotels and Lodging Houses; livery turnouts at reasonable rates. THE MOST DELIGHTFUL PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA. Surrounding districts the sportman's paradise— trout, salmon, duck, grouse, deer, bear, moose and elk. The leading centre 1 the MINING INDUSTRY on the Coast and of the wonderful iron, copper and gold mines and mining properties on Vancouver Island. Three smelters in course of erection within a radius of ioo miles from, the city. Great lumber entrepot. Sealing fleet headquarters. Centre of iron and other manufactures—some of national reputation All Enquiries Addressed to the Clerk of the Municipal Council, Victoria, B. C. will receive Prompt Attention Wire Rope Bargain 27,400 feet best patent improved crucible steel wire rope, 1 in. diameter, 6 strand, 16 wire, manilla core, Lang lay, on four reels, for sale in any lengths desired. For terms apply to HALL MINING & SMELTING CO., Ltd., Nelson, B. C. FOR SALE. We have an option on a most promising group in the Dry Ore belt. Considerable development done. Conveniently located. High values, gold and silver, in the best locality. No side profits. We are not promoters nor gold brick men, but we believe we can make a mine in a locality that we know well. McGregor & co., SLOC f N, B. C Lobnitz' Gold Dredgers are at work in British North and South America, Africa, Asia, &c. LOBHITZ&C^' LTD- Gold Dredgers XJ%J IV* mm nfi,wery of Standard Sue, AUPartsMauei cTTERs AD° BESS LET L0BN1TZ * CO., || RENFREW, SCOTt^ Telegraphic Address: "Lobnitz, Renfrew." AI Code used. THE MINING RECORD. XIII. ANCHOR WIRE FENCE WM 1 rs- • ■' ^—i i B ^^ ■ i> 11 fe^ i t J 1 ^^5*^ - \ 1 Patented 7 Sept., 1894-No. 46991 IS \^ L>* mm Strongest, Cheapset, BEST IN THE MARKET To be had only from THE B. C. ANCHOR FENCE CO., Limited, 743 Pender St., VANCOUVER, B. C. Water Wheel Purchasers. Intending purchasers of Water Wheels cannot afford to experiment—the expense of installations and the disastrous results of a possible failure, should be reason for extreme caution in selecting a wheel without established reputation and merit. The reputation and specific guarantees of this company should relieve prospective customers of all responsibility in this regard. We invite thorough investigation of the Pelton System of Water Power. Sead for catalogue—free. Pelton Water Wheel Co., iSf Main St., San Francisco, California. ■43 Liberty St., NcwYork City ■8 m PERCY W. CHARLESON U STOCK AND INVESTMENT BROKER, 417 Hastings Street, Vancouver, 6. Q. B. C. HINES AND STOCKS A SPECIALTY. Member Vancouver Stock Exchange. Notary Public for British Columbia. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. P. O. BOX 187. Cable Address-CHALCOUVER. Codes used A. B. C. 4th Edition, Moering & Neal, Bedford McNeill, Cloughs. ftimiilillS JOHN DAVIS & SON (Derby) Limited, England I HIGHEST GRADE AND MOST IMPROVED Surveying, Mining and Engineering Instruments SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED COMBINED TRANSIT AND LEVELS-Dust and Rain Proof, for Railroad, Bridge, City, Land and General Engineering Work. M O U N T A IN TRANSIT, extensively used in the roughest mining regions. SAFETY LAMPS °f *H kinds, Lamp parts and Supplies. Anemometers. Drawing Instruments. Stock at Montreal. Send for Catalogue and Prices. SOLE REPRESENTATIVE FOR CANADA: FRANCIS 1 PEACOCK, Canada Life Bldg., MONTREAL XIV. THE MINING RECORD iLICtMLMERaft SUCCESSOR TO HE EDWARD P. ALLIS CO. FRASER ft CHALMERS, GATES IRON WORKS, DICKSON MFG. CO. Milwaukee,Vis. Chicago, 111. ffi& Chicago, 111. Scranton.Pa. MANUFACTURERS OF MINING MACHINERY GATES' TUBE MILL This cut illustrates the highest type of all modern fine pulverizers, namely, the Gates Tube Mill. As a tube mill it is essentially a fine pulverizer and when used as such is effective and economical, giving large capacity at a very low cost for repairs. The Tube Mill consists of a plate steel shell, made to revolve by means of heavy gearing at about 25 revolutions per minute. The shell is about half filled with hard flint pebbles and material to be pulverized, and the constant -rotation and wave-like~tumbling action of the pebbles produces an enormous and flexible grinding surface. It is continuous in its operation, being equipped with the Gates Patent Automatic Adjustable Feeder and most approved form of dustless discharge. As the fineness of the discharged product depends upon the quantity of material fed, we have taken special pains to produce an automatic feeder, driven from the mill itself, capable of being adjusted to a nicety, which is not found in any other tube mill. In a modified form this same type of mill can be used for wet pulverizing, and we have furnished a number of the smaller sizes for regrinding jig tailings. We have patterns for and are prepared to manufacture mills 0(5 42 54 and 60 inches in diameter, and of any practicable length for the respective diameters. BRANCH OFFICES: NEW YORK, Broad ExchangeBldg. PITTSBURG, 1212 Frick Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS. 416 rbrnExchangeOldg. DENVER. l049TromonlSt. GENERAL OFFICE: CfflCAGO,<^pILUJ.S.A. HOME INSURANCE BUILDING. DKANCH OFFICES : SALT LAKE CRT. Dooly Block. SPOKANE, 512 first Ave. SAN FRANCISCO, 623HaywmlBMa. LONDON. ENG. l60DaslmoodHouse Z/f THE MINING RECORD »US CHALMERS CO. SUCCESSOR TO - ™E ^SJ^t"8 9 '"^uL^r^ GATESc!#rKS- 0.CK3ON MFG. OO. cnicago, in. Chicago, 111. Scranlon.Po. MANUFACTURERS OF MINING MACHINERY a Klein Medium Classifier in the Desloge Cons. Lead Company's Mill, Desloge, Mo. Klein Combi = nation Classifier This classifier embodies a new principle, viz: the use of compressed air with the water to effect the sizing, thus greatly reducing the quantity of water ordinarily required. It is a -well recognized fact that (o obtain good results in concentration, a very careful, complete and accurate sizing of the material must be made. It is also necessary to make a complete separation of the slimes from each sizing, as they invariably contain considerable values, which, if mixed with coarser material, would be lost. The Klein Combination Classifier will do this without any difficulty, thus permitting separate treatment of the slimes mixed with a minimum quantity of water. This classifier can be used to size, or separate, materials crushed to 6 millimeters and finer down to the most minute particles; it, therefore, will dispense with the use of sizing trommels for material finer than 6 millimeters, and this will be a great item of saving in the renewal of perforated coverings, as well as in the loss of time incident to these renewals. These classifiers have now been in use for over two years and therefore are not an experiment. For further particulars and description send for our pamphlet. Eejctensi-Ve "Builders of CONCENTRATING MACHINERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION BRANCrMFFICES: NEW YORftllBraad ExchangeBldg. piTT^^^^^%Bia|S MINNEA|Ol^|fttrnExchiingeBldg. DEK#ii&iM0:Tromonl St! GENERAL OFFICE : 111 ^lli^P^^CE' iJMJILDINO. ; BRANCH OFFICES: SALT LAKE CUT, Dooly Block. SPOKANE,jip2firstAvo. SAN FRANCISCO, 623HaywinlBldo. LONDON. ENG,|§fflDaslwwdllousa XVJ THE MINING EECORD. BRITISH COLUMBIA THE MINERAL PROVINCE ©F eflNHDH. Gold, Silver. Lead, Copper, Cool, Coke, Oil Iron, Mercury, Platinum, etc. The Mines of British Columbia have produced over $180,000,000. Amount and Vai,ue of Minerai, Products for 1899, 1900 and 1901. Customary Measure 1899. 1900. 1901. (Estimated). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Gold, placer Oold lode Ounces 67,245 138,315 2,936,413 7.722.591 21,862,436 i,306.324 34,251 $1,344,900 2,857,573 1,663,708 i,35i,453 878,870 3,918,962 171,255 206,400 63,936 167,153 3,958,175 9,997,080 63,358,621 1,439,595 85,149 $1,278,724 3,453,38i 2,309,200 1,615,289 2,661,887 4,318,785 425,745 25I,74o 43,204 227,696 4,685,718 30,736,798 50,529,260 1,529,210 134,760 $ 892,500 ti 2,704,200 Silver 11 Pounds 2,614,002 Lead 4,951,698 Tons, 2,240 lbs 1,970,641 Coal 4,587,63'' Coke 673,800 309,030 $12,393,121 $16,344,751 $ 20,713,501 Production for 1890, $2,608,608; for 1899, $12,393,131; for 1900 $16,344,751; for 1901, $20,713,201. GOLD.—Placer gold mining, which in early days formed the chief mineral industry of the province, and made it famous all the world over, still continues to be important, while improved methods of working the gravel deposits, together with cheaper transportation and cost of mining, have 'enlered the working of large deposits, long known to exist, now profitable where previously impossible. The area of country known to contain placer gold is enormous, and has only been touched, leaving still virgin ground well worth the prospecting for this, the only class of " pooi man's mine." .... Recent discoveries of new placer fields in the Atlin district, the Cassiar district, and the Cariboo district near the Horsefly river, are proof that the field is not yet exhausted, and promise a revival of this important industry. HYDRAULIC MINING plants costing large amounts o'f money are being installed in Atlin, Cassiar, Omineca and Cariboo, at points widely separated, indicating the extent of the gold deposits. One company recovered $350,000 in sroid during 1900. DREDGING FOR GOLD is receiving deserved attention, and dredges are at work on the Fraser, Thompson, Quesnel and other rivers, on all of which streams good ground may yet be obtained. LODE GOLD MINING is now being prospected in various parts of the province, and in certain instances very successful, notably at Ymir. Cariboo-McKinnev and elsewhere. GOLD-COPPFR ORES are being extensively worked ait Rossland by the Le Roi, War Eagle and associated companies, while other mines in the camp are rapidly becoming important producers. The tonnage of this camp alone in 1900 was 217.676 tons, and there wil1 be an increase this year. SILVER-LEAD.—The silver production of the provncc in 1900 showed an increase over 1899 of 39 per cent, while the lead production increased 206 per cent., largely derived from properties in East Kootenay. rendered available by railroad construction. This year the increase will not be as great, but the industry is expected to hold its own. COPPER.—Copper is being produced to a limited extent at Rossland, where the chief value of the ore is in gold, but the feature of this branch of the industry is the development and mining of a large tonnage of low-grade copper ores in the Boundary district, of which there seems to be an almost un- mited amount. The output of ore from this district alone will amount to from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of ore per diem. The Coast district will this year show a very considerable copper production, from the Vancouver Island and Texada Island mines. Prospecting for copper is receiving great attention,, and the discoveries made on the Coast, in the Simfilkaroeen valley, etc., give great promise. IRON.—With the great probability of an iron-smelting plant on the Northern Pacific Coast in the near future, what promise to be extensive bodies of magnetite iron ore have been developed on the Coast, while other deposits of iron ore are now under development in the Goat River and Fort Steele mining divisions, and still other bodies occur near Kamloops. COAL AND COKE.—In 1900 the Vancouver Island collieries made a net output of 1.336,023 tons of coal and 19,234 tons of coke, and in 1901 even this output promises to be exceeded. In 1900 the Crow's Nest collieries made a net output of 103.572 tons of coal, and 69,915 tons of coke. In 1901 this output will be doubled at the least. These mines alone are putting out from 1.500 to 2,000 tons olf coal per diem. Of this output in 1900, 914.183 tons off coal and 51 757 tons of coke were exported, chiefly to the United States. The remainder was consumed in local smelters and other industries. SMELTERS.—In the province there are smelters in active operation at Trail, Nelson, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Van Anda ; while this coming year will probably see one erected in East Kotenay and two others on the coast. Refineries are yet lacking, but the building of at least one is pretty well assured. CAPITAL.—Capital can now find here many excellent opportunities for investment, as the values placed on mines and undeveloped properties has reached a reasonable basfis. If proper business care is used, and the experience of competent men utilized, these investmemits should be safe as well as profitable MINERAL LANDS.—Mineral lands are open to location toany person over 18 years of age, who has obtained a free miner's certificate, and perfect title to lode claims can be easily secured after $500 worth" of work has been done per claim. A great extent of territory has yet to be prospected. For information), reports, bulletins, etc., address The Hon. the Minister of Mines, VICTORIA, B.C. w. F Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. XVII BENNETT'S FUSE CROWN BRAND I THE KING OF FUSES The WHITE COUNTERED GUTTA PERCHA FUSE is the POPULAR FAVORITE in the mines of British Columbia, Australia, the Transvaal, and the World over. Beware of Spurious Imitations Made to Catch the Unwary. HOLMAN BROS. C AM BORNE, CORNWALL Manufacturers of Boilers, Air Compressors, Mining Machinery The Holman Patent Roek Drill Specially Adapted to B. C: Mining. Awarded Gold Medal Greater Britain Exhibition Awarded Gold Medal CHARLES CAMMELL & CO. Ld SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND, el Files, and Rasps, Steel Axles, Wheels ™ t + a„ I Drill Steels Best Refined Cast Steel Files, and Kasps, oieei Manufacturers of »*£*£> \gfs and Fish Plates made to any specification, and ^an*^ plate8j etc_ stamp .Mm Dies and Shoes. ROWLAND MACHIN, 5 Yates St., VICTORIA, B. C. General Agent for Canada. XVIII THE MINING RECORD. PROFESSIONAL AND BROKERS. J. C. GWILLI1VI, B. Sc. Mining Engineer. Late of Geological Survey of Canada, (Atlin District), six years' experience in B. C. mining districts. BAKER STREET, NELSON, B.C. JAMES BRADY, Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Mining Engineer. Properties surveyed, examined and reported on. Agent for procuring Crown grants. GOLDEN, B. C. CHAS. E. OLIVER, M. E. HEDLEY B. C. 9 Properties in the Similkameen carefully sampled and reported on. I have the handling of three of the standard properties of Camp Hedley and solicit correspondence from any first-class mining man or corporation regarding same. s. m. McGregor, b.a. sc. w. d. McGregor, m e. McGregor & co., MINING and CIVIL ENGINEERS ^ , r^ ^ A IVI » ^\ and LAND SURVEYORS. OLUUAINj D.O Reports on Mines and Prospects. Act as agents in doing assessment work, applying for Crown grants and in taking general charge of preliminary development work. P. 0. Box 453. Telephone 895 A. R. BARROW, a.m.ice. Mine Surveyor Mine Surveys instituted and plans brought up to date at regular intervals. Steam Engines and Air Compressors Indicated and valves Set. PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR. 4- View Street, Victoria, B.C. Th* YMIR DISTRICT S^£SS best mining investments to be found in B C. It has more stamps falling on ore than the whole ofthe rest of the Province. It has excellent transportation facilities, and is within fifty miles (by railroad) of three smelters. Its output, during 1901, will be second only to that of Rossland. PERCY J. GLEAZER, Stock and Share Broker, YMIR, B. C. Many first-class properties for sale on cash basis, or on working bonds with deferred payments . Stocking propositions arranged. Shares in all the Ymir companies dealt with. Correspondence Solicited. THE STUART ROBERTSON CO., Ltd., Successors to A. W. MOKE & CO. MINING AND STOCK BROKERS Codes used: Bedford-McNeil's, Moreing & Neals, Clough's, and A.B.C, Fourth Edition. 23 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. GEO. A. WALKEM, B. Sc. (McQM). MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Consulting Engineer Reports made. Plans and Estimates made. Expert evidence given. Inst, of Mech. Eng. of England. 17 Amer. Inst, of Elec. Eng. Vancouver, B. C. Manager Vancouver Engineering Works, Ltd. ). R. GIFFORD, Consu ting Mining Engineer, M.C., MX Late Manager The Hall Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd., Nelson, B. C. Room 20, Flood Building. San Francisco, Cal. J. McLELLAN, Associate Royal School of Mines, London. Mining Engineer and Assayer, TROUT LAKE CITY, B. C, H. COLLINSON, LateAssayer Provincial Licensed Assayer. Van Anda Smelter. £ Reliable analyses of Ores, Coals, Etc. THE VICTORIA ASSAY OFFICE 46 Langley Street, VICTORIA, B. C. Next to Law Courts John Hunner. HUNNER & HARRIS, John Harris. MINES AND MINING INVESTMENTS. Box 818, Spokane, Wash. We have for sale AI properties for capitalists or small investors in B. C or N. W. States of America. Being practically interested in mines in various districts we know what we are talking about. Let us know your requirements. American and English references Codes, "Bedford McNeill." "Cloughs." Cable address: "Harris," Spokane. DOUGLAS LAY, A.R.S.M. Licensed Provincial Assayer. Late Analytical Chemist and Control Assayer to the North Star Mining Co., Ltd. Every description of Mineral Analysis Prompt attention to samples bv mail or express. Instruction given in Analytical Chemistry and Assaying. Office and Laboratory : Nelson Street, NELSON, B. C. THOS. DRUMMOND, M.E.andC.E. B. A. Sc. McGill University, Montreal, Member Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Mining Properties reported upon. Information furnished. General Engineering work promptly performed. References furnished. QUESNELLE FORKS, CARIBOO, B. C. JOHN B. HOBSON, Manager Con. Cariboo Hyd Mining Co., Ltd. Consulting Mining Engineer, BULLION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 28 years' experience in the equipment and operation of large Hydraulic, Deep Gravel, 'Drift and Gold Quartz Mines, in California and British Columbia. Telegraphic and Cable Address "HOBSON" Ashcroft B. C. THE MINING RECORD. XIX PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS. H. E. T. HAULTAIN, C. E. CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER, OFF.CE: j^gj^ NelSOll, B.C. J. B. TYRRELL, M. Inst. M. M., M. N. Eng. Inst M. M. E., F G. S., Mining Engineer, DAWSON, YUKON, CANADA. Cable Adcress: " TYRRELL," Dawson. Code: Bedford McNeil's T. H. Gore. J. H. McGregor. GORE & MCGREGOR, Richard H. Parkinson ProYincial and Dominion Land Surveyors AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, Five Sisters' Block. VICTORIA and NELSON. WALTER E. SEQSWORTH Licensed Provincial Assayer Control Assays and Supervision of Ore Shipments a Specialty. GREENWOOD, B. C. WILLIAM A. BAUER, Dominion & Provincial Land Surveyor Surveys of Mines, Mineral Claims and Crown Lands. Crown Grauts obtained and Assessments managed for absentees. Offices-FERGUSON and VANCOUVER, B.C. POHLE & PARMELEE ASSAYERS and CHEMISTS, Special Attention to Control and Umpire Work. Ores tested to determine the best method of treatment. Experimental work on chemical processes or patents. General Commercial analysis. Thirty years experience. Prices and sample sacks free on application. 1627 CHAMPA ST., DENVER, Colo. CHRIS. OUTHETT, Associate of Royal College of Science, London, England. Inland Assay Office, KAMLOOPS, B.C. Provincial Assayer. Mineral and Coal Analysis a specialty. Reports made on Mining Properties Mail samples receive prompt attention. M. I. M. M., M. I. M. E. M. Can. I.M. Cable Address : Phloxes, Nelson A. B. C. Code. R. C. Campbell=Johnston Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. Nelson, B. C. A. A. HOLDICH Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist Royal School Of Mines, London. Seven years at Morfa Works, Swansea. Seventeen years chief chemist to Wigan Coal andiron Co. Late chemist Hall Mines Co., Ltd. Assays and Analyses made on all varieties of mineral and many organic substances. Special experience in Smelting—both Swansea and American process. FERGUSON, B. C. "reliable assays Oold $ .50 Gold and Silver $-75 Lead... 50 Gold, Silver and Copper 1.50 Samples by mail receive prompt attention. Gold and Silver refined and bought, OGDEN ASSAY CO., 1725 Arapahoe St.. DENVER, Colo. Provincial Land Surveyor, Hydraulic Engineer. FAIRVIEW, B. C. Associate Member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Water Works, Water-power Plants, Irrigation Projects, Bridges, Roads, Tramways, Estimates of Construction, Surveys. Cecil M. Bryant, A.R.S M., A.I.M.M. K. Philip Gilman, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pellew-Harvey, Bryant & Gilman PROVINCIAL ASSAYERS. The Vancouver Assay Office and Ore Testing Works. Established 1890. MILL, SMELTER, CONCENTRATION AND CYANIDE TESTS. Reliable reports on mining properties. Complete analyses of Ores and Coal Victoria Office : 4 View Street (Opposite Driard Hotel.) Wfl. M. BREWER, HINING ENGINEER, ■ MEM. N. of ENG. INST. MINING & MECH. ENG. and AM. INST., M. E. Molsons Bank Building, VANCOUVER, B.C. TEL. 846. P. O. BOX 43 T. J. SMITH, MI IN IINJ G BROKER. Syndicates and Companies formed to develop mining claims Secretary Vancouver Mining Stock Exchange. 611 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, B. C A. A. WATSON, B. Sc. PROVINCIAL ASSAYER, VERNON, B. C. Analyst and Mineralogist Honours Graduate in Chemistry, Victoria University, England. Reports made on Mining Properties. Seven years experience in Australia. South America. England and B. C. Assay Charges—Gold, $1; Silver. $1; Copper, $2; Lead, $1 ; Gold and Silver, $1.50 ; Gold and Copper, $2.50; Gold, Silver and Copper, $3; Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead, $3 50; Complete analysis of any ore, $10. £^-SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAMPLES BY MAILfJQa Assay Office and Chemical Laboratory, 28 BROAD ST., VICTORIA, B. C. (Opp. Driard Hotel.) WILLIAM F. BEST, F.C.S. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST AND ASSAYER (Heidelberg and Leipzig.) Personal attention given to all assavinjr and Chemical -Analyst* ■Rroert evidence before the Courts. XX THE MTNING RECORD. MINING PUBLICATIONS. ETC. Vancouver Engineering Works, Ld. 1 ENGINEERS, Machinists, Iron Founders, Blacksmiths, Pattern Makers and Sheet Workers. Hydraulic Riveted Steel Pipe, Hydraulic Monitors and Water Gates, Hydraulic Elevators and Hand Derrick, Riffles, Grizzlies, etc. Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Hoists, Heaters, Pressure Blowers, Crushers, Marine Engines and Boilers. Complete Stock of Iron Pipe and Fittings, Boiler Tubes, Shafting, Etc. ESTIMftTES FURNISHED DP©N HPPLieaTI0N. Office and Works. Heatlev Avenue, VANCOUVER, B.C. NOW READY. TheMINERAL INDUSTRY Its Statistics, Technology and Trade in the United States and other countries, to the end ol 1900. Edited by Joseph Struthers, Ph. D. Volume X.—Copiously illustrated, containing numerous diagrams and working drawings. Price ?5.00, post paid. THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 253 Broadway New York. The Mining Manual for 1902. Published May 12th, 1902. By Walter R. Skinner. , Sixteenth Year of Publication. (Established in 1887.; A record oi information concerning MINING COMPANIES (Gold, Diamond. Silver, Copper, Tin, Iron, and other Mines, Collieries, Land and Exploration Concerns, &c.) Followed by lists of . MINING COMPANY DIRECTORS AND SECRETARIES and concluding With a DICTIONARY OF MINING TERMS. Over 1700 Pages. THE MINING MANUAL FOR 1902. Over 1700 pages. In demy 8vo, cloth. Price 21 s., post free. London: WALTEK R. SKINNER, 11-12, Clements Lane, Lombard St., E. C. Dominion Hotel If VICTORIA, B. e. MC\A/ AKin MnnrDM Telephones connecting rooms with office, INLVV f\\\U IVIU U L H IN ■ Private Baths, Electric Lighted, Return = Call Bells, and First-Class service. American Plan, $1,25 Up a Day. European Plan, 50c. to $1.50 a Day P(^NBP^ My Price List for Fall and Spring is the most complete yet issued, containing all the different varieties in Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, Roses, etc., etc. Send for a copy. LARITZ NURSERY, CAREY R0AD) Victoria, B. C. R. MAYNARD Importer and dealer in all kinds of Photographic Supplies Also Amateur Outfits, Kodaks, Hawkeyes, Premos, Pocos, etc, Agent for Imperial, Cramer and Hammer Plates, Aristo-Platino, Solio, Klo- ro, Velox and Dekho Papers 41 PANDORA St. Victoria, B. C. THE NATIONAL BANKER, Chicago, Illinois. Is recognized as the leading financial journal ofthe United States. Ih addition toits circulation among banks it reaches the leading business industries ofthe country. It reaches more private invertors and capitalists than any publication in the U.S, It goes to retired merchants, conservative investors and thousands of people with money to invest. The best evidences of its worth as an advertising medium is the fact that its advertisers remain with it permanently year after year. In banks and business houses it is used as a work of reference. If you desire to reach the mone3*ed class ofthe country, large or small, you should place an advertisement in the National Banker. Any legitimate enterprisee can secure all the money desired by making an announcement in this publication. It is quoted from and referred to more by the press of America than any financial journal iu the United States. Subscription price $1.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. Sample copies sent free. Address all communications to The National Banker, 84 & 86 JLa Salle St., Chicago, 111. M. R. SMITH & COMPANY LIMITED. Established 1858. Manufacturers of High Class Biscuits ^ Confectionery Gold Medals awarded at JRo\ al Agricultural Exhibition '95' '96, '97, '98. Medal and Diploma awarded at Colonial and Indian Exhibitions. Silver Medals at Provincial Exhibitions, 1886. BRANCH- VICTORIA, B. C. 430 CORDOVA STREET, VANCOUVER. MADE IN VICTORIA." ENGRAVINGS and ETCHINGS. The Cuts used by the Mining Record are made by us. Halftones and L-ine Etchings executed on short notice. Samples forwarded on application. BRITISH COLUMBIA PHOTO-ENGRAVING COMPANY, 26 BROAD STREET, VICTORIA, B. C. THE MINING RECORD. XXI. BRITISH COLUMBIA WHOLESALE SUPPLY HOUSES, ETC. A New Customer Becomes a regular customer when once started buying of us— WHY? We have the Best Goods and Largest Assortment in the West. We Can Fill Orders Promptly From Our Immense Stock. We manufacture a large quantity of Furniture, and import direct in car lots from the best makers every where EVERYTHING TO FURNISH A HOME. Write for illustrated catalogue, free. ESTABLISHED 1862. WEILER BROS., VICTORIA, B. C. Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Ltd. Steamers leave Victoria and Vancouver as follows: Victoria=Vancouver Route. Leave Victoria daily 1 a.m. Leave Vancouver daily 1.15 p.m. West Coast, Vancouver Island Route. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., ist, ioth and 20th day of month. Northern British Columbia Coast Route. Leave Victoria 11 p.m., ist and 15th day of month. Leave Vancouver 2 p.m., 2nd and 16th day of month. Alaska Route. Steamships leave Victoria 11 p.m. ist and 15th day of month, leave Vancouver 8 p.m. 2nd and 16th day of month for Ketchikan and Skagway connecting with the_ White Pass and Yukon Route for Atlm, Dawson, and Yukon River Points. J. W. TROUP, Manager. Victoria. E. J. COYLE, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, Vancouver. TURNER, BEETON & CO'Y Victoria, Vancouver, and Nelson, B. C. and at H. C. Beeton & Co., 33 Fi'nsbury Circus, London, England. * m * t j. Dry Goods, Liquors, ""SSETEto i Wholesale Merchants. cn», »*, h* Winning, CIO., CW,. Telegraphic addresses : finnHs indented from ,11 narts ofthe world. I 'TURNER," Victoria; " BEETON," London; " TURBEET," Vancouver and Nelson R. P. RITHET <Sl CO. Wholesale Merchants, Shipping & Insurance Agents. WHARF STREET. | VICTORIA. B. C XXII THE MINING RECORD. BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. ESTABLISHED 1817. BANK OF MONTREAL. INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. HEAD OFFICE MONTREAL. CAPITAL all paid up, $12,000,000.00 RESERVE FUND, $7,000,000.00. UNDIVIDED PROFIT, $427,180.80. Hon. G. A. Drummond, Vice-President. Board of Directors—Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C.M.G., President. , Doara ot ul reX**£rf,aterson Esg.; Edward B. Greenshirlds, Esq.-; Sir William C. Macdonald; R. B. Angus,Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq ; James Ross, Esq.; R. G. Reid, Esq. E. S. CLOUSTON General Manager A. MACNIDER Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches W. S- CLOUSTON Inspector of Branch Returns BRANCHES Province of Ontario—Almonte, Belleville, Brantford, Brockville, Chat- bam, Cornwall, Deseronto, Fort William, Goderich, Guelph. Hamilton, Kingston, Lindsay, London, Ottawa, Perth Pelerboro, Picton, S»rnia, Stratford, St. Mary's Toronto,Toronto Yonge St. Branch, Wallaceburg. Province op Quebec—-Montreal: West End Br., Seigneurs St. Br., Point St. Charles; Quebec. Lowek Provinces—Chatham, N.B.; Frederickton, N.B.; Moncton, N.B. St. JohnN.B.; Amherst, N.S.; Halifax, N.S.; Sydney, N.S. Province op Manitoba and Nokth-West Territories—Winnipeg, Man.; Calgary, Alberta; Lethbridge, Alberta; Regina, Assiniboia. Province of British Columbia—Greenwood, Nelson, New Denver, New Westminster, Rossland, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria. In Newfoundland—St. John's, Nfld., Bank of Montreal. F, W- TAYLOR Assistant Inspector JAMES AIRD Secretary Montreal-H, V. MEREDITH Manager N CANADA: t | | In Great Britain—London, Bank of Montreal, 22 Abchurch Lane, E.G., Alexander Lang, Manager. In the United States New York—R. Y. Hebden and J. M. Greata, Agents, 59 Wall Street; Chicago—Bank of Montreal. Bankers in Great Britain-London—The Bank of England, the Union Bank of London, the London & Westminster Bank the National Prov. Bank of England. Liverpool—The Bank of Liverpool, Ltd. Scotland—Tna British Linen Company Bank and Branches. Bankers IN the United States—New York—The National City Bank, The Bank of New York, N.B.A. Bosten—The Merchants' National Bank, J. B. Moors & Co. Buffalo—The Marine Bank, Buffalo. San Francisco—The First National Bank, The Bank of British Columbia, The Anglo-Cahfornian Bank. Portland, Oregon—The Bank of British Columbia. The Canadian Bank of Commerce With Which is Amalgamated TTtie Barak: of British. Columbia. HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO. Paid Up Capital » 8,000,000 Reserve Fund 2,ooo»ooo Aggregate Resources Over 7o,ooo.ooo HON. GEO. -A.. COX, President. B. E. WALKER, General Manager, LONDON OFFICE: 60 LOMBARD ST., E. C. BRANCHES IN THE UNITED STATES. The Bank has 68 branches extending throughout Canada and else- New York, San Francisco, Seattle Portland, Skagway. where, including the following in British Columbia and Yukon District: Savings Bank Department. Gold Dust Purchased, and every des Atlin, Greenwood, Nelson, Sandon, cription of Banking Business transacted. Cranbrook, Dawson Fernie, Kamloops, New Westminster, Vancouver, Nanaimo, . Rossland, Victoria, White Horse. GEO. GILLESPIE, MANAGER. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1840. Paid Up Capital, £1,000,000 Sterling. Reserve Fund, $1,776,333 LONDON, ENG., OFFICES, 5 GRACECHURCH STREET, E. C. BRANCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA : Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland, Kaslo, Ashcroft, Greenwood. Also at the Gold Fields—DAWSON CITY. A Savings Bank Department Has Been Established in Connection With the Victoria Branch. Highest Price Paid for Gold Dust and Amalgam, W. T. OLIVERj Mgr., Victoria, B. C. MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES. An Engine ering School with unique location, giving it unusual facilities New Mining Engineering and Hydraulic Building, also Chemical and Metal lurgical Building ready for fall term, 1902. For catalogue giving list of graduates and their occupations, address P. W. McNair, President, Houghton, Mich. PATENTS, Caveats, Designs, Copyrights and Trade Marks obtained in Canada and all foreign countries. ROWLAND BRITTAIN, Registered Patent Attorney, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman. Write for full information and references. Satisfaction guaranteed. Room 20 Bank of British N orth America The Hall Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. NELSON, B. C. VANCOUVER -B. C. SMELTING DEPARTMENT Purchases COPPER ore:, LEAD ORE, dry ore:. WANTED Position by Provincial Licensed Assayer. Several years experience in B. O. Apply "A" Box 246 Victoria, B O SS3 THE MINING RECORD. XXIII VANCOUVER ISLAND COAL. COAL! COAL! The New Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Co* (LIMITED.) FORMERLY THE VANCOUVER COAL COMPANY. I Are the Largest Coal Producers on the Pacific Coast Southfield Coal. Steam Fuel. Nanaimo Coal. Used Principally for Gas and Domestic Purposes. Protection Island Coal and New Wellington Coal. (House and Steam Coal), are mined by this Company exclusively. THE NANAIMO COAL gives a large percentage of gas, a high illuminating power, unequalled by any other bituminous coal in the world, and a superior quality of coke. THE SOUTHFIELD COAL is used by all leading steamship lines on the Pacific. THF NFW WELLINGTON COAL which was introduced in iS9o, has already become a favorite- MIHL!^&^- lt°Ldl, hard coal, makes a bright and cheerful fire, audits lasting qual- ities make it the most economical fuel in the market. II PRnTFCTION ISI AND COAL is similar to the New Wellington Coal. This coal is raised THE PROItUIUIN IbLAIMU ^L r„ror:a and is shipped from wharves both at Pro- from the sub-marine workings under the Gulf of Georgia and is snippe tection Island and Nanaimo. _Afoj -,f\, their wharves at. Nanaimo, Departure Bay despatch given to mail and ocean steamers. SAflUEL M. ROBINS, Supt, Nanaimo, B. C. jj XXIV THE MINING RECORD. TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND HOTELS. BALMORAL HOTEL & RESTAURANT DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA. European Plan—Rooms from 50c. up, meals a la carte. American Plan—$1.25 per day up. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY SOO-PACIFIG LINE. THROUGH TRAINS Atlantic to Pacific Without Change. LOWEST RATES, BEST EQUIPMENT. | TO ALL POINTS IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES. For full particulars as to rates, time, and copies of C. P.. R. publications, apply to H. H, ABBOTT, Agent, VICTORIA, B. C. Or to E. J. COYLE, Ass't General Passenger Agent, VANCOUVER, B. C. Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway. TIME TABLE NO. 44. Northbound. Daily. Leave. a.m. Victoria 9 :oo Shawnigan Lake 10:20 Duncans 11 :co P.M. Nanaimo 12 45 Ar. Wellington 1:00 Southbound. Arrive. P.M. 12:06 10:46 10:02 Northbound. Leave. mm Lv. 8:00 Victoria 4:25 Shawnigan Lake ., 5 :42 Duncans 6:20 Nanaimo 8 :o2 Ar. Wellington 8:17 Lv. 4 :io Sat., Sun. and Wed. Southbound. Arrive. A.M. P.M. 8:10 7:01 6:05 4:25 Through Tickets to erofton via Westholme, Stage leaves Daily, connecting with North and Sonth bound trains, Double stage service Saturday Sundays and Wednesdays, connecting with morning and afternoon trains. Fare from Victoria, Single $2, Return $3. u»iuiuayi,, Moe Through Tickets Victoria to alberni—Stage leaves Wellington Tuesdays and Fridays on arrival of train from Victoria Return ins- f™m ai»~«.« ondays and Thursdays. Fare from Victoria, single, I5.20, return $8.6s ' ^'muB uum mucrai Through Tickets Victoria to Cowichan Lake via Duncans—Stage leaves Duncans Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Fare from Victoria $5 00 Excursion rates in effect to all points good Saturday and Snnday. GE©. L. G0URTNEY, Traffic Manager. THmH^§cM'M eAvlbo'Y -HAVE- GEtimmA L STORES Baie de Peresj>i|l Battleford Calgary Chaplea'^L-^ Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton FojsfcWilliam Kamloops Langley -AT- LowerFort Gai?p*l Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson Pincjft^r Creek Portage-ia Praiiltp Pori^Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Shoal Lake Sudbury Touchwood^Hills VancouyS^^ Victoria Vernon Whitewood Winnipeg Lethbridge 4?^ And at other||rincipal points in BHtish Columbia, Manitoba and Nprthwest Territories. Puifhasers will find a j^these stores the best goods at moderate prices, imported direct from all the principal markets of the world :■ ■ 'EVEpYf BELTfl;:. 7 7 GUARANTEED GENUINE OAK TANNED ILEATHERlBELtlNCi For Exposed Situations Use 'Lancashire" Hair Belting. CATALOGUES AND DISCOUNTS ON APPLICATION. FELTEN&GUILLEAUME,Carlswerk, Actien Gesellschaft,MulheimonWne D. K. McLAREN, Montreal, Toronto. MANUFACTURERS' OF ELECTRICAL LEADS AND CABLE^ Electric Lighting Cables for Coal Pits with arrangement for avoiding fire damp explosions in case of the cable breaking. WIRE ROPES FOR MINING|H Rounil and Flat "Wire Ropes, "Albert," or so-called "Lang's" Lay Ropes, Patent Locked Coil Wire Ropes, Patented Flattened Strand rojs'.' Wire Ropes... ». IRON, STEEJ&O^^R AND BRONZE WIRE • Superior qualities. SOKE:.AGENTS FOR CANADA : WATSON, JACK & CO. *,f:St.i;i$e|j|J£STREET MONTREAL R A N D AIR COMPRESSORS.-I^i.lHoTcL0NMEPoD^LDEX ROCK ORILLS.- STEAM or AIR. THEICANADIAN RAND DRILL COIVfANY vaNeouYER, b. e. ROSSLHND, B.e. GREENW00D, B. ©. M II wood, vatcaiyeE & ©©*.... Hamilton. Toronto ©ffice. Bay Street South. GEO. D. WOOD & e©„ Winnipeg. Wood^Tallaiice & Leggat, I|m|ed 77''Jll^ Wr'■■' (Successors to Thos. Dun & ©o., Ltd.) Bar iitHi SteeUkVaste ©reiiacks SUPPLIES. e©RRESP©NDENeE SOLICITED. ■MB; OTPERICOI SMELlfNGlW©RKS HT- LMDYSMITH. Prepared t^Pt^iaw: Ores|fb l|§i|h Augtiil J§jj|* Corrpnient to E* & N* or S&kk IL^MONT- LIVir^SONlVIanagJ NORTHWESTERN SMELTING ANiRtflNliSffl Buyers of Gold, Silver and Copper Ores, Mattes, Bullion, Furnace land Cyanide pi«|icts. LOCATION OF WORKS Crol|on§ Vancouver Island, M C. Published by the B. C. Record, Ld. Printed by T. R. Cusack, Victoria. Canada. "N m
Includes index. Page 353 misnumbered as page 253. Other Copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49484617
Periodicals
TN1 .M55
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Victoria : The British Columbia Record, Limited
Victoria : The Thomas R. Cusack Press
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. TN1 .M55
Mines and mineral resources--British Columbia--Periodicals
Mineral industries--British Columbia--Periodicals
The mining record. [1902]
Text