Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
DSpace
UBCV
Clandinin, Donald Robert
Master of Science - MSc
University of British Columbia
[No abstract available]
SECOND REPORT OIT BREEDING FOR EGG AND MEAT PRODUCTION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. by DONALD R. CLANDININ. Graduate T h e s i s S u b m i t t e d i n P a r t i a l F u l f i l m e of the Requirements f o r the DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE , i n the Department of P o u l t r y Husbandry. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAY 19 37. TABLE OF 0OftTENTS Acknowledgement 6 I n t r o d u c t i o n : Review of P r e v i o u s R e p o r t Epochs i n the S c i e n c e of P o u l t r y B r e e d i n g O b j e c t i v e Method C o m p i l i n g t h e Data D i f f i c u l t i e s A r i s i n g P r o g e n y - t e s t Summaries 1935-36 P r o g e n y - t e s t Summaries 1936-37 Di s c u s s i on C o n c l u s i o n s from P r e v i o u s R e p o r t H a t c h i n g Summaries 1936-37 Average R e s u l t s f o r the Breeds V a r i a t i o n i n H a t c h i n g R e s u l t s C o c k e r e l Summaries 1936-37 Body Weight Average Weights o b t a i n e d V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights of the P r o -geny of D i f f e r e n t M a t i n g s V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights of the P r o -geny of D i f f e r e n t Females mated to the same Male V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights of the P r o -geny of F u l l S i s t e r s Mated to the same male 8 V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights of the P r o -geny of P u l l B r o t h e r s Mated to the same Female Rate o f Growth Growth O l a sse s Modes of Growth • Rate of F e a t h e r i n g Meat Grades P u l l e t P r o g e n y Summaries Body Weight Averages f o r the Breeds Ranges i n the Average Weights M a t u r i t y A v e r a g e s f o r the Breeds Ranges i n the Average M a t u r i t y W i n t e r and March 1 P r o d u c t i o n s A v e r a g e s f o r t h e Breeds Ranges i n the Average W i n t e r and March 1 P r o -d u c t i o n s . Egg Weight A v e r a g e s f o r the B r e e d s Ranges i n the Average Egg Weight W i t h d r a w a l s Mea t Grade s C o n c l u s i o n s Append!z ACKNOWLEDGMENT The w r i t e r w i s h e s to acknowledge h i s i n d e b t e d n e s s to P r o f e s s o r E . A. L l o y d , Head of the Department of P o u l t r y Husbandry, f o r h i s v a l u a b l e c o o p e r a t i o n and a s s i s t a n c e t h r o u g h o u t the course of t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n . SECOND REPORT ON BREEDING FOR EGG AND MEAT PRODUCTION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. INTRODUCTION. In a p r e v i o u s r e p o r t f the w r i t e r r e f e r r e d to v a r i o u s epochs i n the s c i e n c e o f p o u l t r y b r e e d i n g . I t was p o i n t e d out t h a t man's e a r l i e s t i n t e r e s t i n the f o w l was a r o u s e d by the o p p o r t u n i t y p r o v i d e d by c e r t a i n of i t s c h a r a c t e r -i s t i c s f o r the i n d u l g e n c e of h i s gambli n g i n s t i n c t s , and •.that as a r e s u l t , b r e e d i n g of p o u l t r y f o r c o c k - f i g h t i n g d e v e l o p e d . Then when c o c k - f i g h t i n g became i l l e g a l i n many of the more c i v i l i z e d c o u n t r i e s , p o u l t r y b r e e d i n g took on a new a s p e c t , v i z . t h a t of b r e e d i n g f o r e x h i b i t i o n p u r p o s e s . Then w i t h the advent of t r a p - n e s t i n g a n o t h e r new e r a i n p o u l t r y b r e e d i n g was u s h e r e d i n w i t h maximum egg p r o d u c t i o n as the main o b j e c t i v e . F i n a l l y , i t was i n f e r r e d t h a t s i n c e i t has been shown r e c e n t l y t h a t there i s l i t t l e or no c o r -r e l a t i o n between h i g h egg p r o d u c t i o n and body type a f u r t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y i n p o u l t r y b r e e d i n g i s p r e s e n t e d , namely, # P r e l i m i n a r y R e p o r t on B r e e d i n g f o r Egg and Meat P r o d u c t i o n a t the U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a , by Don a l d R. C l a n d i n i n . An U n d e r g r a d u a t e E s s a y S u b m i t t e d i n P a r t i a l F u l f i l m e n t of the R equirements f o r the Degree of B a c h e l o r of S c i e n c e i n A g r i c u l t u r e i n the Department of P o u l t r y Husbandry, May, 1936. t h a t of c o m b i n i n g egg and meat p r o d u c t i o n . In the same r e p o r t the w r i t e r went on to say t h a t i n the b r e e d i n g p r o j e c t under way a t the U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia an e f f o r t i s b e i n g made t o improve the meat and egg p r o d u c t i o n q u a l i t i e s of the B a r r e d P l y mouth Rocks, S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds, and S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s on the U n i v e r s i t y P o u l t r y Farm. In t h i s c o n n e c t i o n i t was more s p e c i f i c a l l y s t a t e d t h a t the b r e e d i n g f o r improved egg p r o d u c t i o n i s b e i n g d i r e c t e d towards the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of e a r l y s e x u a l m a t u r i t y , i n t e n -s i t y , n o n - w i n t e r pause, n o n - b r o o d i n e s B , p e r s i s t e n c y and good egg s i z e , shape, c o l o r and t e x t u r e of egg, w h i l e b r e e d -i n g f o r improved meat p r o d u c t i o n i s b e i n g d i r e c t e d more p a r t i c u l a r l y towards the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of r a p i d growth, r a p i d f e a t h e r i n g , s t a n d a r d w e i g h t and m a t u r i t y , and d e s i r a b l e market t y p e . The type of b i r d t h a t i s d e s i r e d under the new i d e a l i s one w h i c h combines both good meat c o n f o r m a t i o n and f l e s h i n g q u a l i t i e s to a h i g h d e g r e e . A b i r d of d e s i r a b l e meat c o n f o r m a t i o n i s d e p i c t e d as an i n d i v i d u a l t h a t p o s s e s s e s moderate d e p t h of body, a medium to l o n g r o c k e r k e e l , good h e a r t g i r t h and s p r i n g of r i b , w h i l e good f l e s h i n g q u a l i t i e s a r e i n d i c a t e d i n a b i r d h a v i n g a plump f u l l b r e a s t , m u s c u l a r l e g s and a smooth l a y e r of f l e s h i n g over the back. In the d i s c u s s i o n on the h i s t o r y of the U n i v e r s i t y f l o c k w h i c h f o l l o w e d , such p o i n t s as the source of the f o u n d a t i o n s t o c k , the b a s i s of s e l e c t i o n d u r i n g the p a s t - 3 -y e a r s , the type of r e c o r d s kept and the p r o g r e s s made to date were c o n s i d e r e d . F i n a l l y an a n a l y s i s of the p r o g e n y - t e s t s of t h e s e b i r d s ' i n d i c a t e d the n e c e s s i t y of p r o g e n y - t e s t i n g i n a program of b r e e d i n g f o r improved egg and meat p r o d u c t i o n . METHOD In f o l 1 owing up the p r o j e c t of b r e e d i n g f o r improved egg and meat p r o d u c t i o n i t was deemed a d v i s a b l e to c o n t i n u e the progeny t e s t work. A c c o r d i n g l y , d u r i n g the p a s t y e a r , r e c o r d s r e l a t i v e to the b r e e d i n g p e r f o r m a n c e of the v a r i o u s males and f e m a l e s used i n the p e d i g r e e pens have been k e p t . Summaries of these r e c o r d s are to be f o u n d i n the a p p e n d i x . In c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the c o m p i l a t i o n of these summaries a few words of e x p l a n a t i o n might be o f f e r e d i n o r d e r t o f a c i l i t a t e u n d e r s t a n d i n g . In t h e f i r s t p l a c e i t s h o u l d be s t a t e d t h a t the t a s k of c o m p i l i n g t h e s e summaries has n o t been an easy one. Many d i f f i c u l t i e s have been e n c o u n t e r e d , as f o r i n s t a n c e , t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of a f a i r b a s i s f o r c o mparing d i f f e r e n t f a m i l i e s w i t h r e s p e c t to a p a r t i c u l a r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c . T h i s c o m p l i c a t i o n has a r i s e n p r i n c i p a l l y as a r e s u l t o f : 1. The n a t u r e of the t e n u r e o f the U n i v e r s i t y .Poultry Farm. The U n i v e r s i t y p l a n t i s l e a s e d out and c o n d u c t e d as a c o m m e r c i a l e n t e r p r i s e w i t h ' c e r t a i n r e s t r i c t i o n s . 2. The c o m p l e t e n e s s of the r e c o r d s kept by the U n i v e r s i t y . The U n i v e r s i t y i s dependent upon the c o o p e r a t i o n of the l e s s e e i n c o m p i l i n g r e c o r d s . Under such c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h e r e i s bound t o be some con -f l i c t between c o m m e r c i a l a n d r e s e a r c h i n t e r e s t s and as a r e s u l t i t has not been p o s s i b l e to s e c u r e as complete r e c o r d s as d e s i r e d . However, i n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n i t might be s t a t e d t h a t i t has been the endeavour of the w r i t e r to weigh such m a t t e r s c a r e f u l l y i n o r d e r t h a t the f a m i l y a v e r a g e s would be as comparable as p o s s i b l e . In the second p l a c e i t should, be n o t e d t h a t i n connec-t i o n with, the 1935 b r e e d e r s o n l y the p u l l e t p r o g e n y summary i s t o be f o u n d i n the a p p e n d i x . i h i s summary was not com-p l e t e a t the time of p u b l i c a t i o n of the p r e v i o u s r e p o r t . Average body w e i g h t s of t h e s e b i r d s were based on the w e i g h t s of t h e i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n a f a m i l y as taken when the b i r d s were b e l i e v e d t o be i n average f l e s h . Average number of days to s e x u a l m a t u r i t y was c a l c u l a t e d on t h e number of days r e -q u i r e d by the d i f f e r e n t i n d i v i d u a l s of a f a m i l y to come i n t o l a y . Average w i n t e r p r o d u c t i o n was d e t e r m i n e d by d i v i d i n g the t o t a l number of eggs l a i d by a f a m i l y d u r i n g the f o u r -month p e r i o d , November 1 to March 1, by the number of i n d i v i d -u a l s i n the f a m i l y . Average a n n u a l p r o d u c t i o n was based on the p r o d u c t i o n of t h e i n d i v i d u a l s i n a f a m i l y t h a t completed t h e i r f i r s t y e a r of l a y i n g . The i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t d i e d or were c u l l e d were c l a s s i f i e d on the p r o g e n y - t e s t s as c u l l s or dead b i r d s . A v e r a g e egg weight was b a s e d on the weekly w e i g h t s of the i n d i v i d u a l s i n a f a m i l y t h a t c o m p l e t e d t h e i r y e a r , the egg w e i g h t s of the f i r s t month of l a y i n g b e i n g e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e a v e r a g e . Meat g r a d e s were based on g r a d e s as t a k e n a t the time of w e i g h i n g . In the t h i r d p l a c e i t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the 1936 b r e e d e r s , h a t c h i n g , c o c k e r e l and p u l l e t sum-m a r i e s are t o be f o u n d i n the a p p e n d i x . These summaries have been drawn up i n the form of a s i n g l e t a b l e i n o r d e r to f a c i l i t a t e c o m p a r i s o n s . W i t h r e s p e c t to the h a t c h i n g summary, p e r c e n t h a t c h a b i l i ty i s based on the number of f e r t i l e eggs s e t , w h i l e p e r c e n t h a t c h i s based on the t o t a l number of eggs s e t . As r e g a r d s the c o c k e r e l summaries i t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t the c o c k e r e l p r o g e n y of the v a r i o u s matings were weighed at i n t e r v a l s of f o u r weeks commencing at the t w e l f t h week and e n d i n g at the t w e n t y - e i g h t h week. DISCUSST'ON In a p r e v i o u s r e p o r t i t was shown t h a t : 1. The p r o g e n y of v a r i o u s raatings may show c o n s i d e r a b l e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e i r p e r f o r m a n c e . The e x i s t e n c e of such d i f f e r e n c e s i n d i c a t e s the n e c e s s i t y of p r o g e n y t e s t i n g i n a b r e e d i n g program. 2. The p r o g e n y of f u l l b r o t h e r s mated t o the same f e m a l e may show c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n . Such v a r i a t i o n s i n d i c a t e t h a t f u l l b r o t h e r s may d i f f e r i n t h e i r b r e e d i n g p o t e n t i a l i t i e s . 3. The p r o g e n y of f u l l s i s t e r s mated t o the same male may show c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e i r p e r f o r m -ance, i n d i c a t i n g t h a t f u l 1 s i s t e r s may d i f f e r i n t h e i r b r e e d i n g p o t e n t i a l i t i e s . In d i s c u s s i n g the 1936-37 p r o g e n y - t e s t summaries f o u n d i n the a p p e n d i x , a t t e n t i o n i s drawn to some of the more o b v i o u s d i f f e r e n c e s f o u n d t h e r e i n and to the numbers of some of the more o u t s t a n d i n g b r e e d e r s w i t h r e s p e c t to the f a c t o r s under c o n s i d e r a t i o n . H a t c h i n g Summaries 1956-37. Average R e s u l t s f o r t h e B r e e d s . T a b l e 1 shows i n c o n c i s e f o r m the h a t c h i n g p e r f o r m a n c e f o r e a ch of the t h r e e breeds under c o n s i d e r a t i o n . These f i g u r e s , by the way, were taken from the summaries i n the .appendix. T a b l e 1. H a t c h i n g R e s u l t s . Breed A v e r a g e s , Season of 1936. No.' No. No. 0/ ,r • P \ Nd:» f> B r e e d Eggs Eggs Eggs F e r - Eggs H a t c h - Hat-Set I n f e r t . F e r t i l e . t i l e Hatehe d a b i l i t y ched B.P.R. 1925 421 1504 78 .13 1062 70 . 61 55.1 6 S.C.R.I.R. 1218 158 10 60 87.03 769 72. 54 62. 65 S.O.W. L. 1561 258 130 3 83.46 659 50.57 41 .51 From t h i s t a b l e i t i s seen t h a t the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds a r e s u p e r i o r to b o t h the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns from the s t a n d p o i n t of h a t c h -i n g p e r f o r m a n c e . F u r t h e r m o r e , the c o m p a r a t i v e l y poor h a t c h -i n g r e s u l t s of the S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s , w h i c h i s the l e a d i n g c o m m e r c i a l b r e e d , would seem to w a r r a n t some ex-p l a n a t i o n i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r c a s e . T a b l e 2 shows the h a t c h i n g p e r f o r m a n c e of each of the t h r e e b r e e d s i n the p r e v i o u s s e a s o n . T a b l e 2. H a t c h i n g R e s u l t s . B r e e d A v e r a g e s , Season o f 1935. Breed No, Eggs Set No. Eggs I n f e r t i No. Eggs F e r t i l e Fer-t i l e I s . Eggs Ha t che d A H a t c h -a b i l i t y % Hat-ched B.P.R. 1352 351 1001 74.03 692 69.13 51.17 S.C.R.I*R« 90 6 126 78 0 8 6.09 595 7 6.28 64. 56 S.C.W.L. 669 113 556 8 3.10 341 61.33 50 .97 G e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g these f i g u r e s are d e c i d e d l y h i g h e r than the c o r r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e s f o r the seaso n 1956. V a r i a t i o n i n H a t c h i n g -Results. I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g to note the g r e a t v a r i a t i o n i n the h a t c h i n g p e r f o r m a n c e of the d i f f e r e n t b r e e d e r s , male and f e -male. In the case of the B a r r e d Plymouth Hock males the p e r c e n t a g e of f e r t i l i t y , h a t c h a b i l i ty and h a t c h range from 66.6% to 9 4 . 3 7 o , 50.0$ to 85.8% and 42.0% to 7 2. 3yb r e s p e c t -i v e l y , w h i l e the c o r r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e s f o r f e m a l e s a r e 0% to 1 0 0 7 o , 0% to 100% and 0% to 100%. I t i s a l s o i n t e r e s t i n g to note t h a t the f o u r f u l l b r o t h e r s R.O.P. 8148 BR, R.O.P 7882 RR, R.O.P. 7501 RR and R.O.P. 7503 RR g e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g show lowe r f e r t i l i t y on the a v e r a g e and l o w e r h a t c h e s i n the mat-i n g s than the o t h e r m ales. In the B a r r e d Plymouth Rock, males 543 and 555 a r e o u t s t a n d i n g i n t h e h a t c h i n g p e r f o r m a n c e of t h e i r r n a t i n g s . L i k e w i s e the f e m a l e s R 15846, R 15870, R 15879, R 15815, R 15899, R 15883, R 15889, R 15903, Q 31266, Q 346, Q 377, Q 385, P 26, Q 331, S 36234, S 36238, S 25314 and S 25326 gave c o m p a r a t i v e l y h i g h h a t c h a b i l i t y . In S i n g l e Comb Rhose I s l a n d Reds the p e r c e n t a g e of f e r t i l i t y , hat c h a b i 1 i ty and h a t c h from the males range from 74.0% to 88.0%, 65.0% to 87.9% and 48.1% to 77.3% r e s p e c t -i v e l y w h i l e i n the case of f e m a l e s t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e s a r e 0% to 100%, 0% to 100% and 0% to 100% r e s p e c t i v e l y . S i n g l e Oomb Rhode I s l a n d Red male M 8566 and f e m a l e s R 15718, 0. 31187, R 15707, R 15709, R 15716, R 15761, L 287, R 15749, - 10 -R 15764, S 36115, S 36124, S 36153, S 36158 and S 36174 gave n o t e w o r t h y h a t c h i n g p e r f o r m a n c e . In t h e S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s the p e r c e n t a g e of f e r t i l i t y , h a t c h a b i l i t y and h a t c h i n males ranges from 6 6.2% to 8 9.3/5., 42.1% to 63.4% and 36.8% to 53.8% r e s p e c t i v e l y , w h i l e i n fe m a l e s the r e s p e c t i v e r anges are 6.9)1 to 100%, 0% to 100% and 0% to 93.9%. No S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n male gave p e r f o r m a n c e s worthy of p a r t i c u l a r n o t e . In f e m a l e s , however, Q 7773, Q 5004, R 5041, R 5050, S 2704, S 2792, S 10651, S 10662, S 10665 gave a v e r y s a t i sf acto.ry a c c o u n t of t h e m s e l v e s I n the ma t i n g s . These f i g u r e s i n d i c a t e t h a t p e r c e n t a g e of f e r t i l i t y , h a t c h a b i l i t y and h a t c h i s h i g h e s t i n the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds, next h i g h e s t i n the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks and l o w e s t i n the S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s . In c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s i t i s a p p r o p r i a t e to s t a t e here t h a t new b l o o d i n the way of males from p r o g e n y t e s t e d l i n e s has been i n t r o d u c e d t h i s s p r i n g w i t h the o b j e c t of im-p r o v i n g the s t r a i n i n the above r e s p e c t s . Only two males of U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia b l o o d a r e b e i n g used and these a r e f r o m S 10662, a hen which showed good f e r t i l i t y , h a t c h a b i l i t y , p e r c e n t a g e h a t c h , v i a b i l i t y of c h i c k and pr o g e n y p e r f o r m a n c e s . C o c k e r e l Summaries 1936-37. Body Weight Average Weights O b t a i n e d T a b l e 3 below shows the aver a g e body weight of the c o c k e r e l s at the v a r i o u s ages i n e a c h of the t h r e e b r e e d s under c o n s i d e r a t i o n . I t a l s o i n d i c a t e s the number of i n d i v i d u a l s on which the a v e r a g e s were based. T a b l e 3, Average Weights of C o c k e r e l s a t the V a r i o u s Ages. Breed 12 weeks 16 weeks 20 weeks 24 weeks 28 weeks No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. B.P.R. 241 2.76 226 3.81 176 5.19 112 6.10 82 6.74 S.C.R.I,R. 351 2.88 330 4.10 235 5.39 71 6.41 45 7.01 S.C.W.L. 196 2.55 179 3.42 108 4.32 67 4.91 37 5,64 A l t h o u g h the w e i g h t s o b t a i n e d at the d i f f e r e n t ages a r e not as good as c o u l d be d e s i r e d n e v e r t h e l e s s they compare f a v o u r a b l y w i t h those o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y under s i m i l a r commercial c o n d i t i o n s . I t i s , however, the o p i n i o n of the w r i t e r t h a t these f i g u r e s do not r e p r e s e n t what t h e s e p a r t i c u l a r s t r a i n s are c a p a b l e of d o i n g under i d e a l c o n d i t i o n s of f e e d i n g and management. Growth must be i n t e r p r e t e d i n the l i g h t of a b a l a n c e between g e n e t i c make-up and e n v i r o n -ment. An i n d i v i d u a l may have th e g e n e t i c c o n s t i t u t i o n f o r r a p i d growth but the e f f e c t of a d v e r s e c o n d i t i o n s may be such as t o s u p r e s s the e x p r e s s i o n of t h e s e g e n e t i c f a c t o r s . A c c o r d -i n g l y i n the s t u d y of such p h y s i o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s as growth i t i s i m p o r t a n t to g i v e due c o n s i d e r a t i o n to the en-v i r o n m e n t . V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights o f . t h e Progeny of D i f - f e r e n t Matinee. T a b l e 4 below shows the ranges i n the a v e r -- 12 -age w e i g h t s of the c o c k e r e l progeny of the d i f f e r e n t m a t i n g s a t the v a r i o u s a g e s . T a b l e 4. Ranges i n Average Weights of C o c k e r e l s Progeny of D i f f e r e n t M a t i n g s a t the V a r i o u s Ages Age Range i n l b s . Range i n l b s . Range i n l b s . 12 wks. 1.8 - 3,. 6 2.1 - 3.7 1.7 - 3.2 16 wks. 2,8 - 4.8 3.0 - 5.0 2.4 - 4.5 20 wks. 4.0 - 6.2 4.0 - 7.0 2.7 -24 wks. 4,8 - 7.2 5.2 - 8.3 4.1 '- 6,1 28 wks. 5 . 5 - 8 . 0 5.8 - 8.2 4.6 - 6.3 Such v a r i a t i o n s in: the p h e n o t y p i c n a t u r e of a p o p u l a t i o n i n d i c a t e s the p r e s e n c e of a m i x t u r e of g e n o t y p e s . A c c o r d -i n g l y i t s h o u l d be p o s s i b l e to r a i s e the aver a g e of the pop-u l a t i o n above the f o r m e r a v e r a g e , and t h i s , by s e l e c t i n g out the more d e s i r a b l e p h e n o t y p e s and t h u s n a r r o w i n g down the number of g e n o t y p e s . By f o l l o w i n g such a method of s e l e c t i o n i t would be p o s s i b l e to d e v e l o p s t r a i n s of B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks, S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds and S i n g l e Comb White l e g h o r n s whose c o c k e r e l s a v e r a g e a t l e a s t 4.25 l b s . , 4.5 l b s . and 3.75 l b s . a t s i x t e e n weeks r e s p e c t i v e l y . S t r a i n s of t h i s n a t u r e would be h i g h l y d e s i r a b l e f r o m the p o i n t of view of meat p r o d u c t i o n . V a r i a t i o n i n the aver a g e w e i g h t s of the -progeny of d i f - f e r e n t f e m a l e s mated to the same male. That t h e r e may be con-s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n i n the a v e r a g e w e i g h t s a t the v a r i o u s - 13 -ages of the c o c k e r e l progeny of d i f f e r e n t f e m a l e s mated t o the same male i s c l e a r l y seen when we examine say the p r o g e n y of B a r r e d P l y m o u t h Hock male R.O.P. 78349 RR, S i n g l e Comd Rhode I s l a n d Red male M 8204 and S i n g l e Comb White Leghorn male M 8033. T a b l e 5 shows the ranges t o be n o t e d . T a b l e 5. Ranges i n the Average Weight s o f the C o c k e r e l Progeny of D i f f e r e n t Females Mated t o the Same Male. B.P.R. S.C.R.I.R. S.C.W.L. Age R.O.P. 78349 M 8204 M 8033 Range i n l b s . Range i n l b s . Range i n l b s . • 12 wks. 2.1 - 3.3 2.6 - 3.3 2.1 - 3.2 16 wks. 3.2 - 4.8 3. 6 - 4. 5 2.6 - 4.5 20 wks, 5.3 - 6.:2 5.0 - 6.2 . 3.5 - 5.6 24 wks. 6.0 - 7.2 5 . 7 - 8 . 1 4.5 - 6.1 28 wks. 6.2 - 7.8 5.8 - 8.2 4 . 7 - 6 . 6 Such f i g u r e s l e a d one to b e l i e v e t h a t f e m a l e s may d i f f e r In t h e i r a b i l i t y to t r a n s m i t r a p i d g r o w t h . V a r i a t i o n i n : the Average Weights of the Progeny of F u l l S i s t e r s Mated to the Same Male That f u l l s i s t e r s may d i f f e r i n t h e i r a b i l i t y to t r a n s m i t r a p i d g r o w t h i s seen on ex-a m i n a t i o n of t a b l e 6. V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weights of the Progeny of F u l l B r o t h e r s Mated to the Same Females Such o b s e r v a t i o n s are d i f f i c u l t to o b t a i n s i n c e u s u a l l y a male i s mated to a female f o r an e n t i r e s e a s o n . F u r t h e r m o r e , i f two or more males a r e mated to a f e m a l e i n one s e a s o n , too few c h i c k s - 14 -T a b l e 6. V a r i a t i o n i n the Average Weight of the P r o g e n y of F u l l S i s t e r s Mated to the Same Male. Male S i s t e r s 12 wks. 16 wks. 20 wks. 24 wks. 28 wks B.P.R.. S 25314 3.0 l b s 4.0 l b s 5.1 l b s 6.1 l b s 6.5 l b R 1121 S 25315 2.2 l b s 2.8 l b s 4.1 l b s 5.0 l b s S.C.RJ.R. S 36155 3.1 l b s 5.0 l b s 7.0 l b s 8.3 l b s M 7832 S 36162 2.6 l b s 4.1 l b s 5.1 l b s S.C.W.L. S 2708 2.9 l b s 3.9 l b s 4.3 l b s 4.9 l b s 5.5 l b M 8033 S 2709 3.1 l b s 4.1 l b s 5.1 l b s 5.7 l b s would be o b t a i n e d from each of the males to make such com-p a r i s o n s s i g n i f i c a n t . Comparing w e i g h t s o b t a i n e d i n one season w i t h those o f a n o t h e r would a l s o be i n e r r s i n c e we know t h a t e n v i r o n m e n t p l a y s an i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n the ex-p r e s s i o n of such q u a n t i t a t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s as growth. Rate of Growth Growth C l a s s e s D i f f e r e n c e s i n the r a t e of growth of the progeny of d i f f e r e n t m atings i s a p p a r e n t from the f o r e -g o i n g . From the p r o d u c e r s p o i n t of view i t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t h i s c o c k e r e l s r e a c h m a r k e t a b l e s i z e at an e a r l y age, to a c c o m p l i s h t h i s , h i s b i r d s must grow r a p i d l y . T a b l e 7 shows the number and p e r c e n t a g e of slow, medium and r a p i d g r o w i n g f a m i l i e s i n each of the t h r e e b r e e d s . From the t a b l e i t i s seen t h a t q u i t e a h i g h p e r c e n t a g e - 1 5 -T a b l e 7. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of F a m i l i e s w i t h R e s p e c t to Rate of Growth, Slow Medium R a p i d B r e e d No. of P e r - No. of P e r - No. of P e r F a m i l i e s centage F a m i l i e s c e n t a g e F a m i l i e s centage B.P.R. 16 22. 6 38 5 3.5 17 23.9 R.I.R. 7 14.0 31 62.0 12 24.0 S.O.W.L. 6 14.3 30 71.4 6 14.3 of the f a m i l i e s f a l l i n the medium and r a p i d g r o w i n g c l a s s e s i n d i c a t i n g t h a t the s l o w e r g r o w i n g f a m i l i e s a r e d e c i d e d l y i n the m i n o r i t y ana hence would not be v e r y d i f f i c u l t to e l i m -i n a t e . The e l i m i n a t i o n of these f a m i l i e s , moreover, would o b v i o u s l y enhance the economic v a l u e of the s t r a i n s . Modes of Growth A s t u d y of the f a m i l i e s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e way i n w h i c h the v a r i o u s fam-i l i e s seem to grow. C e r t a i n f a m i l i e s grow g r a d u a l l y , t h a t i s , t h e i r growth c u r v e s c l o s e l y r e s e m b l e s t h a t of the mean growth c u r v e f o r the s t r a i n . T h i s type of growth curve i s to be f o u n d i n f a m i l i e s w he re the p r o g e n y f a l l i n heavy , medium and s m a l l weight c l a s s e s . Graphs 1, 2 and 3 show growth c u r v e of f a m i l i e s of t h i s n a t u r e i n each of the t h r e e b r e e d s . A n o t h e r type of f a m i l y grows v e r y r a p i d l y i n the e a r l y s t a g e s and l e s s r a p i d l y l a t e r . Such f a m i l i e s are a l s o f o u n d i n the l a r g e , medium, and s m a l l weight c l a s s e s . Graphs 4, 5 and 6 show f a m i l i e s of t h i s type i n each of the t h r e e b r e e d s . I t i s the o p i n i o n of the w r i t e r t h a t t h e s e l a t t e r fam-i l i e s a r e the ones which m e r i t s p e c i a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n the development of s t r a i n s i n which the c o c k e r e l s w i l l be ready f o r market a t an e a r l y age. F u r t h e r m o r e , i t i s i m p o r t a n t to s e l e c t f a m i l i e s w h i c h c o n t i n u e g r o w i n g a t a moderate r a t e i n o r d e r t h a t the f i n a l p r o d u c t w i l l be ample s i z e f o r the b r e e d . There seems a l s o to be a n o t h e r type of f a m i l y , one i n w h i c h growth i s r a t h e r slow i n the e a r l y s t a g e s but more r a p i d i n l a t e r s t a g e s . Graphs 7,8 and 9 show f a m i l i e s of t h i s t y p e . Such f a m i l i e s are not d e s i r a b l e from the p o i n t of view of meat p r o d u c t i o n as t h e y take too l o n g to r e a c h m a r k e t a b l e s i z e * T a b l e 8 i n d i c a t e s the p e r c e n t a g e of the f a m i l i e s i n e a c h b r e e d t h a t f a l l i n t o the t h r e e growth c l a s s e s . T a b l e 8 • C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of F a m i l i e s wi th R e s p e c t to Mode of Growth. Growth Growth R a p i d Growth slow Breed G r a d u a l Then L e s s R a p i d Then More R a p i d B.P.B. 53.7% 29.2% 17.1% S.C.R.I.R. 61,9% 33.3% 4.8% S.O.W.L. 36.4% 45,4% 18.2% A study of t h i s t a b l e r e v e a l s some v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g r e -l a t i o n s . In the f i r s t p l a c e , i t w i l l be n o t e d t h a t o n l y a s m a l l p e r c e n t a g e of the f a m i l i e s f a l l i n the slow growth c l a s s , w h i c h l e a d s one to b e l i e v e t h a t i t would not be v e r y - 17 -Graph 2. Showing G r a d u a l Growth i n B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks. 1 2 16 20 24 28 N o . 2 4 S G R A P H P A P E R . T H E C L A R K E a S T U A R T C O . , L T D . V A N C O U V E R . B, C . ' •Age i n Weeks Showing G r a d u a l - 18 Graph Growth i n 2. Rhode I s l a n d Reds. R 15709 S t r a i n R 15787 S 36115 1 2 16 20 24 28 16 G R A P H P A P E R . T H E C L A R K E & S T U A R T C O . . L T D . V A N C O U V E R . B . C . •Age i n weeks. Graph 3. Showing G r a d u a l Growth i n S i n g l e Comb "7hi te Leghorns A P E R . T H E C L A R K E ft-STUART C O . , L T D . V A N C O U V E R . B. C . Age i n Weeks - 2 0 -Graph 4. Showing Rapid Growth i n E a r l y S t a g es and Less Rapid L a t e i n B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks. - 21 -Graph 5. Showing Rapid Growth i n the E a r l y Stages and L e s s R a p i d L a t e r i n S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds. - 22 -Graph 6. Showing Rapid Growth i n E a r l y S t a ges and L e s s R a p i d l a t e r In S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns. I I I ! M l I r l 1 I i 1 i I I t i l l M i l l I I I I i l ~ I I i I i l ! l i i i i i r i i _LL 112 il,6 lO. 2 4 8 G R A P H P A P E R . T H E C L A R K E Be S T U A R T C O . . L T D . V/ Age i n Weeks 20 »4 Zi8 - 23 -Graph 7. Showing ^ 1 ow Growth i n E a r l y Stages Hff r\ >• £i "ap i T 1 n •Rsa v a rl PI; ? m n t h s a Li * J ? ! 1 AZ L L L . f j j 3 1 t i _ _ _ J _ | | j / PI 7 ~ z _ r 1 T j p |"7' 1 1 1 6 r — j -T [ | ~ / f x /jyB__l > i 1 V I " J L yf ] i j D ~ p t ~ r — _ / -1 i i _ !' j - — i "* i i — > I r 1 / "JTT t r i / j i T T | _ J i — T T 5 _ ! | T _ 3 t r a i n — - — 1 i I i r _ f P 26 0 ] i t i i 11 • -E / j j i 5 3 ' O P M ... i " r t f t T fl • M L TZLL 1 1 T T T I I 1 to 1L i _ 1 I i r f i r • "1 " Z Z 1 ! 1" _ - T T T 4 - 4—• P A P E R . T H E C L A R K E a S T U A R T C O . . L T D . V A N C O U V E R . B . C . Age i n Weeks - 24 -Graph 8 . Showing S l o w Growth i n E a r l y S t a g es -p 14 i ; | i d La te i n 3 i n g l e Comb Rhod s l a n Reds P r e I d 4- r-"j'"" 1 f -X . 1 t _ *' t'yf. j71 j 1 4 4 5 — •T ~T T T i t 1 // 1 5 / 7'; ~T / J_ _ j _ _ _ —Li. _n 1 - • i —, _E r \ [ 11 s t r a i n ] T ~ _ t — i J 1 1 J r L 1 1 I T t| r < R 1 !?74* I 1 \ 1 11 n T T T 1 L 1 [ I M | | 4 Z — — M ~ _ _ 1 L 1 z 1 III L J 1 . ~ 1 1 | 1 j 1 1 j 1 z t f . 1 J I I 1 CI 1 T T T 1 a i j | j O 1 (u 1 i _ & L mi r 1 T~> T| FT — : Lei j t 1 1 1 T j — m 1 _W—- -j J _. & J J T T r n "1 ! ; T T H I M I TTI 1 r t I ' I ' ' 1 < ] I ! I I I I I ! 1 1 I M I I I I I I! I I I ! t 1 I ! ! I I H I I 12 16 20 24 28 P A P E R . T H E C L A R K E & S T U A R T C O . . L T D 7 V A N C O U V E R . B. C . Age i n Weeks - 25 -Graph 9. Show Slow Growth i n E a r l y S t a g e s j I 1. f3 1 h i t e Leerh 0 T T T B i n Si n c l e 0 omb I r n s • 8 [ T 1 7 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 T J 6 i rti i ILL I " T T / 1 1 T 1 1 7 / i 5 y X T 7f f/ I Z / 7 1 _ T T 1 4 T T l y T T r i 1 T T l n _ F > T T i " j z 1 T _ J I r t T~ T — T I _ _ —1 1 1 T T T 1 F T X- 1 T J T I t J 3 1 1 z T r ~ _ _ L & DUU 1 i -I- i J -1/* s t r a In _ I ~ _ _ I &004 T T r r 2 — _1 1 4 T_ I T _t I (0 a T~ 1 1 f- -o 1 "* T~l i i _ 1 . a bo i _ © - -• — L h -12 * _ 1 6 1. 2 0 .J _ _i_L 24 3 PH PAPER. THE C L A R K E ^ & V T U A R T C O . . L T D . ^ A N C O U V E R . B. C . Age i n Weeks - 26 -d i f f i c u l t to e l i m i n a t e t h e s e f a m i l i e s . S e c o n d l y , the h i g h e r •percentage of B a r r e d Plymouth Bock and S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Red f a m i l i e s showing g r a d u a l growth, as compared w i t h the S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s s h o u l d be n o t e d . L a s t l y , the h i g h e r p e r c e n t a g e o f S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n f a m i l i e s f a l -l i n g i n t o the r a p i d g r o w i n g c l a s s , as compared to the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds i s a l s o worthy of n o t e . No doubt the p o p u l a r i t y e n j o y e d by the S i n g l e Comb White L e g h o r n s , as a b r o i l e r p r o d u c e r , o v e r the B a r r e d P l y m o u t h Rocks and S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds h i n g e s to a l a r g e e x t e n t on t h e s e l a s t two o b s e r v a t i o n s . Wi th r e g a r d t o male and fe m a l e b r e e d e r s whose progeny show d e s i r a b l e growth a t t e n t i o n i s c a l l e d to the f o l l o w i n g . I n B a r r e d P l y m o u t h Rocks male R.O.P. 78349 RR i s o u t s t a n d -i n g . The more r a p i d growth of h i s progeny may be a t t r i b u t e d i n p a r t to h e t e r o s i s as he i s an i m p o r t e d male. In the case of the B a r r e d Plymouth Rock f e m a l e s R 15825, R 15846, R 15887, R 15891 , R 1.5904, R 15868, R 15884, R 15836, P 28011, Q 385, Q 326, S 25380, ,S 25396 and S 36219 are s i m i l a r r e p r e s e n t -a t i v e s . W i t h r e f e r e n c e to S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds the progeny of males a. 0. P. 7897 and R.O.P. 7832 and f e m a l e s R 15718, R 15775, Q 31117, Q 31197, R 15707, R 15709, R 15761, R 15770, R 15773, ft 31145, S 36153 and S 36155 gave most r a p i d growth. I n the S i n g l e .Comb White L e g h o r n s t h e r e i s l i t t l e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e i n the average growth of the progeny of the d i f f e r e n t males however, the pr o g e n y of f e -males R 5015, R 5019, R 5047, S 2708, S 2709, S 2746, S 2787, .S 2792, and S 10662 showed e x c e p t i o n a l g r o w t h . Rate of F e a t h e r i n g The p r o g e n y of d i f f e r e n t m atings v a r y as t o r a t e of f e a t h e r i n g , some f e a t h e r i n g up much more q u i c k l y than o t h e r s . T h i s i s p a r t i c u l a r l y t r u e i n B a r r e d P l ymouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds. In S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns how-e v e r , such g r e a t d i f f e r e n c e i n the rat© o f f e a t h e r i n g of the progeny of d i f f e r e n t m a t i n g s do not o c c u r . F u r t h e r m o r e , a l l the I n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n a p a r t i c u l a r f a m i l y do not f e a t h e r out a t the same r a t e . The r a t e of f e a t h e r i n g of the progeny of the v a r i o u s m a t i n g s i s i n d i c a t e d on the progeny t e s t s . F a m i l i e s w h i c h f e a t h e r out v e r y e a r l y are marked EF w i u l e those t h a t f e a t h e r out l e s s e a r l y a r e marked 5F. F a m i l i e s i n w h i c h the f e a t h e r -i n g i s aver a g e have no n o t a t i o n o p p o s i t e them. i n a n a l y s i s of the t e s t s i n d i c a t e s : 1. That the pr o g e n y as a whole of c e r t a i n males f e a t h e r up more r a p i d l y than t h a t of o t h e r s . 2. That the proge n y of v a r i o u s f e m a l e s mated to the same male may d i f f e r w i t h r e s p e c t to r a t e -of f e a t h e r i n g . 3. That the pr o g e n y of f u l l s i s t e r s mated to the same male may not f e a t h e r out a t the same r a t e . 4. That t h i s s t r a i n of S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds f e a t h e r s up l e s s q u i c k l y than e i t h e r the - 28 -B a r r e d Plymouth Hocks or S i n g l e Comb Whi te L e g -h o r n s , and f o r t h i s reason, i f none o t h e r , the l a t t e r make;- b e t t e r e a r l y market c h i c k e n s . However, i n view o f the f a c t t h a t i n e a c h of the three b r e e d s we f i n d f a m i l i e s which f e a t h e r ou.t r a p i d l y i t i s o b v i o u s t h a t by s e l e c t i o n we s h o u l d be a b l e to d e v e l o p s t r a i n s of r a p i d f e a t h e r i n g b i r d s i n a l l t h r e e b r e e d s * Meat Grades ' T a b l e 9 shows the number and p e r c e n t a g e of the c o c k e r e l i n e a ch of the t h r e e b r e e d s f a l l i n g i n the thre.e meat g r a d e s A, B and C. Tab l e 9 P e r c e n t a g e of C o c k e r e l s In E a ch of the Three Meat Grade s A, B and C. Grade A Grade B Grade 0 Efo. of P e r - No. off; P e r - No. of P e r -Breed I n d i v . c e n t I n d i v . c e n t I n d i v . c e n t 'B • P • H • 1 63 67 .91 68 28 .33 9 3.76 S* 0 «H«I« Re 193 54.82 126 35 .79 33 9.39 S.C.W.L. 146 73.74 43 21 .71 9 4.55 I t i s q u i t e a p p a r e n t from t h i s t a b l e t h a t b o t h the B a r r e d P l ymouth Books and S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns a r e s u p e r i o r to the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds w i t h r e s p e c t to meat t y p e . T h i s i s , no doubt, one of the r e a s o n s why p o u l t r y men p u r c h a s e B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb "White Leghorns i n p r e f e r e n c e t o S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Red - 29 -A study of the p r o g e n y - t e s t s i n d i c a t e s t h a t : 1, The pr o g e n y of c e r t a i n males grade h i g h e r t h a n t h a t of o t h e r m a les. 2. • The progeny of c e r t a i n f e m a l e s i s s u p e r i o r from the s t a n d p o i n t of grade to t h a t of o t h e r f e m a l e s . In the B a r r e d P l y m o u t h Socks the proge n y of males R.O.P. 78 349, R.O.P. 7882 and 555 show good meat c o n f o r m a t i o n , so a l s o does the progeny of f e m a l e s R 15846, R 15887, R 15901, Q 31297, R 15884, R 15895, R 15836, P 28011, R 15889, R 15903, Q 31266, Q 385, Q 326, S 36237, S 25380, S 3621S, S 36224, S 25314 and S 25335. W i t h r e s p e c t to S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds the p r o -geny o f male M 8204 i s o u t s t a n d i n g from the p o i n t o f view of meat grade w h i l e the pr o g e n y of f e m a l e s R 15718, R 15759, Q 31197, R 15704, R 15707, R 15709, R 15716, R 15770, R 15772, R 15773, R 15764, Q 31145 and S 36148 show e x c e p t i o n a l l y f i n e meat t y p e . In S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns the proge n y of males R.O.P. 25702, R.O.P. 8033, R.O.P. 52403 and f e m a l e s Q 7727, Q 7732, R 5015, R 5050, R 5019, S 2704, S 2708, S 2709, S 2738, S 2792, S 10662 and S 10665 show d e s i r a b l e meat con-f o r m a t i o n . In view of the above mentioned d i f f e r e n c e i t seems q u i t e p r o b a b l e t h a t i t s h o u l d be p o s s i b l e by s e l e c t i o n , t o d e v e l o p s t r a i n s of B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks, S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds and S i n g l e Comb Whi te L e g h o r n s which would - 30 -p o s s e s s s u p e r i o r meat c o n f o r m a t i o n to those e x i s t i n g a t the p r e s e n t t i m e . • P u l l e t Progeny Summaries. Body Weight A v e r a g e s f o r the Breeds T a b l e 10 shows the aver a g e body weight of the p u l l e t s i n each breed under Keoord of P e r f o r m a n c e . T a b l e 10. Average Body Weight o f P u l l e t s i n R.O.P. 1936-37. B r e e d Ho. of I n d i v . Average Wt. B.P.R. 198 6.04 . S.C.R.I.R. 168 5.93 S.CiW.L. 139 4.24 I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o compare t h e s e f i g u r e s w i t h those o b t a i n e d i n . the p r e v i o u s y e a r . See t a b l e 11. T a b l e 11. Average Body Weight of P u l l e t s i n R.O.P* 1935-36. Breed Ho. of I n d i v . Average Wt• B.P.R. 104 6.32 S.C.R.I.R. 167 6.41 S.C.W.I. 131 4.92 I t w i l l be n o t e d t h a t i n the y e a r 1935-36 the average body w e i g h t s i n each of the t h r e e breeds were c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h e r than i n the y e a r 1936-37. The q u e s t i o n then a r i s e s as to why? Perhaps the answer might Se fo u n d by l o o k i n g i n t o the d i f f e r e n c e s i n f e e d i n g and management i n the two y e a r s . Ranges i n the Average Weights The ranges t h a t e x i s t i n the a v e r a g e w e i g h t s of the p u l l e t p r o g e n y of the d i f f e r e n t male and female b r e e d e r s a r e shown, i n t a b l e 12. jjiach of the t h r e e b r e e d s a r e c o n s i d e r e d . T a b l e 12. r a n g e s i n the Average Weights of the p u l l e t Progeny of the D i f f e r e n t Male and Female B r e e d e r s . Breeds As from Males As from Females B..P.R. • 5.6 - 7.1 l b s . 4.8 - 7.3 l b s . S.C.R.I.R. 5.8 - 6.2 l b s . 4.8 - 7.5 l b s . S.C.W.L. 4,1 - 4.8 l b s . 3.5 - 5.3 l b s . The t a b l e shows t h a t t h e r e i s c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n i n the a v e r a g e weight of t h e p u l l e t p rogeny of d i f f e r e n t m a t i n g s , i n d i c a t i n g , as p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the a v e r -age w e i g h t of the c o c k e r e l p r o g e n y of d i f f e r e n t m a t i n g s , t h a t t h e r e i s p l e n t y of room f o r improvement a l o n g t h e s e l i n e s , s u ch improvement b e i n g brought about by p h e n o t y p i c s e l e c t i o n . Matu r i ty A v e r a g e s f o r the Breeds The average number of days r e q u i r e d by the p u l l e t s of each b r e e d , under R.O.P. to come i n t o l a y i s shown i n t a b l e 13. A c o m p a r i s o n w i t h the a v e r a g e s o b t a i n e d i n the p r e v i o u s y e a r , t a b l e 14, shows t h a t on the average the b i r d s com-- 32 -T a b l e 13. Average M a t u r i t y of the P u l l e t s i n R.O.P. 1936-37. Number of No. of Days to Breed I n d i v i d u a l s S e x u a l M a t u r i t y B.P.R. 135 204 S.C.R.I.R. 18 6 202 S.C.W.I. 166 191 menced l a y i n g l a t e r i n the y e a r 1936-37. Table 14. Average M a t u r i t y of the P u l l e t s i n R.O.P. 1935-36. Number of No. of.Days to Breed I n d i v i d u a l s S e x u a l M a t u r i t y B.P.R. 117 189 S.C.R.I ,.R. 167 194 S.C.W.L. 120 182 The f a c t t h a t a l l t h r e e breed s came i n t o l a y l a t e r t h a n i n the p r e v i o u s y e a r a l s o p o i n t towards a d i f f e r e n c e i n r e a r i n g , f e e d i n g , and management i n two y e a r s . Ranges i n the Average M a t u r i ty T a b l e 15 shows the ranges i n a v e r a g e number of days r e q u i r e d by the p u l l e t progeny of the d i f f e r e n t male and f e -male b r e e d e r s to come i n t o l a y . Prom t h i s t a b l e i t I s a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e r e i s tremendous v a r i a t i o n i n the average number of days r e q u i r e d by d i f -f e r e n t f a m i l i e s to come i n t o l a y . The e x i s t e n c e of such v a r i a t i o n s p o i n t s to the n e c e s s i t y of c a r e f u l s e l e c t i n g i n - 33 -Table 15. Ranges i n Average M a t u r i t y of t h e P u l l e t Progeny of the D i f f e r e n t Male and Female Breeders.. Breed As f r o m Males As from Females B.P.R. 184 - 222 160 - 252 S.C.R.I.R. 197 - 218 172 - 235 S.C.W.L. 188 - 196 169 - 250 o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e t h i s u n d e s i r a b l e f e a t u r e . W i n t e r and March 1 P r o d u c t i o n Average f o r the Br e e d s Tabl e 16 shows the av e r a g e w i n t e r and Ma r c h 1 pro due t i p n f o r t h e p u l l e t s under R.O.P. I t a l s o g i v e s the number of i n d i v i d u a l s on which the a v e r -age i s bas e d . T a b l e 16. Average W i n t e r and March 1 P r o d u c t i o n of the P u l l e t s under R.O.P. 1936-37. Average P r o d u c t i o n Breed I n d i v i d u a l s W i n t e r M a r c h i l B.P.R. 185 67.3 79.7 S.C.R.I.R. 18 6 5 6.9 61.8 S.C.W.L. 166 61.05 63.1 A c o m p a r i s o n of these f i g u r e s w i t h those o b t a i n e d i n the p r e v i o u s y e a r , see t a b l e 17, shows l i t t l e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e i n the a v e r a g e w i n t e r p r o d u c t i o n s o b t a i n e d i n the two y e a r s . However, aver a g e p r o d u c t i o n to March 1 i n both the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds and S i n g l e Comb - 34 - . Whi te l e g h o r n s i s c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h e r i n the y e a r 1935-36. There i s p r a c t i c a l l y no d i f f e r e n c e i n the a v e r a g e March 1 p r o d u c t i o n of the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks i n e i t h e r y e a r . T a b l e 17. Average W i n t e r and March 1 P r o d u c t i o n of the P u l l e t s under R.O.P. 1935-36. Average P r o d u c t i o n B r e e d I n d i v i d u a l s W i n t e r March 1 B.P.R. 117 67,3 78.9 S.C.R.I.R. 167 60.6 70,9 S.C.W.L. 120 66.8 77.6 Ranges in. the Average W i n t e r and March 1 P r o d u c t i o n s Tables- 18 and 19 show r e s p e c t i v e l y the ranges i n the av e r a g e w i n t e r a n d March 1 p r o d u c t i o n s of the proge n y of the d i f -f e r e n t male and f e m a l e b r e e d e r s T a b l e 18. Ranges i n Average W i n t e r p r o d u c t i o n of the P u l l e t P r o geny of the D i f f e r e n t Male and Female B r e e d e r s . ' Breed As from Males As from Females B.P.R. 47.3 - 94.0 5.0 - 95.0 S.C.R.I.R. 46.5 - 69.5 0 - 93.6 S.C.W.L. 52.3 - 8 2.2 13.0 - 94.5 Egg V/eight A v e r a g e s f o r the Breeds The aver a g e egg weight f o r each of t he t h r e e b r e e d s i s shown i n t a b l e 20. These f i g u r e s, Table 19. Ranges i n Average March 1 P r o d u c t i o n of the P u l l e t P rogeny of the D i f f e r e n t Male and Female B r e e d e r s . Breed As from Males ' As from Females B.P.R. 55.1 - 138.0 31.0 - 125.0 S.C.R.I.R. 46.5 - 81.3 3.0 - 126.0 S.C.W.L. 67.0 ~. 10211 13.0 - 124.0 by the way, a r e ba s e d on egg w e i g h t s taken i n J a n u a r y , a c c o r d -i n g l y , they do not r e p r e s e n t c o r r e c t l y the av e r a g e y e a r l y w e i g h t . T a b l e 20. Average Egg Weights of the P u l l e t s under R.O.P. 1936-37, Breed No, of I n d i v i d u a l s Average Egg Weight B.P.R. 185 24.2 S.C.R.I.R. 186 24.0 S.C.W.L. 166 23.8 On comparing these a v e r a g e s w i t h t h o se o b t a i n e d i n the p r e v i o u s y e a r , see t a b l e 21, w i l l be n o t e d t h a t t h e r e has been a d e c i d e d improvement i n the egg s i z e of the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks. Table 21. Average Egg Weights of the P u l l e t s under R.O.P. 1935-36. Breed No. of I n d i v i d u a l s Average Egg We i g h t B.P.R. 97 23.4 S.C.R.I.R. 147 24.2 S.C.W.L. 117 23.7 - 36 -Ranges i n the Average Egg Weight A study of t a b l e 22 i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e r e i s g r e a t v a r i a t i o n i n the average egg w e i g h t s of the proge n y of the d i f f e r e n t b r e e d e r s , male and f e m a l e . T a b l e 22. Ranges i n the Average Egg Weight of the P u l l e t Progeny of Male and Female B r e e d e r s . Breed .As from Males As f r o m Females B.P.R. 23.0 - 25.0 oz. 20.2 - 26.8 oz. S.C.R.I.R. 23.8 - 25.3 oz. 22.5 - .27 .Z oz. S.C.W.L. 23.7 - 25.3 oz. 21.5 - 27.0 oz. Wi t h d r a w a l s A study of the proge n y t e s t s i n d i c a t e s t h a t i n c e r t a i n f a m i l i e s a l a r g e p e r c e n t a g e of b i r d s have d i e d or have been withdrawn as c u l l s . I t i s i m p o r t a n t to take t h i s f a c t i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n s e l e c t i o n work i n o r d e r to cope w i t h the h i g h m o r t a l i t y p r o b l e m . Meat.Grade s The f o l l o w i n g t a b l e 23 shows the number and p e r c e n t a g e of p u l l e t s i n each breed f a l l i n g i n t o the meat gra d e s A, B and C. From a co m p a r i s o n of t h e s e f i g u r e s w i t h those o b t a i n e d i n the p r e v i o u s y e a r , t a b l e 24, i t i s seen t h a t i n the y e a r 1935-36 the B a r r e d P l ymouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb White L e g -horns g r a d e d up c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h e r than i n the y e a r 1936-37, w h i l e i n the case of the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds T a b l e 23. Pe r c e n t a g e of P u l l e t s, 1936-37 , In E a c h of the Thr.ee Meat Grade s A , B a n d C . Grade A Grade B Grade C No. of P e r - No. of P e r - No. of P e r -Breed I n d i v . cent I n d i v . c e n t I n d i v . c e n t B « P «E c 101 56.11 7 6 42. 22 3 1 . 67 S.« C c H « I e H • 94 58 . 39 59 36.25 8 ' 4.96 S.C.W.L. 68 51.91 55 41.98 8 6.11 T a b l e 24. P e r c e n t a g e of P u l l e t s , 1935-36, In E a c h of the Three Meat Grade s A , B and C. Grade A Grade B Grade 0 No. of P e r - No. of P e r - No. of P e r -Breed I n d i T » c e n t I n d i v . c e n t I n d i v . c e n t B.P.R. 70 78 .2 20 21.8 S.C.RJ . B 54 52 .4 39 37.8 TO 9 .8 S.C.W.L. 54 75.0 16 2 H <a J3 2 2.8 the re was l i t t l e change i n the g r a d e s g i v e n i n the two y e a r s. The q u e s t i o n might be r a i se d a s t o why th e r e s h o u l d be such g r e a t changes i n t he grade s g i v e n i n the B a r r e d P l y mouth Rocks and S i n g l e Comb W h i t e Leghorns and l i t t l e or no s i g -n i f i c a n t change i n the case of the S i n g l e Comb Rhode I s l a n d Reds. The re a son f o r t h i s i s , no doubt, t w o f o l d . In the f i r s t p l a c e i n the yea r 1935-36 the b i r d s we re i n be t t e r f l e s h a t the time of g r a d i n g than i n the y e a r 19 36-37 and a c c o r d i n g l y , t h e r e would be a tendency f o r the b i r d s to - 38 -grade h i g h e r . In the second p l a c e the S i n g l e Comb Ehode I s l a n d Red i s i n c l i n e d t o be d e e p e r - b o d i e d more s l a b - s i d e d and r e c t a n g u l a r t h a n e i t h e r the B a r r e d Plymouth Rocks or S i n g l e Comb White Leghorns and C o n s e q u e n t l y e x t r a f l e s h i n g would have l i t t l e e f f e c t on the g r a d e s g i v e n . 1 P P E E D 1 Z HATCHING-- SUMMARY OF 1936 BARRED PLYMOUTH' ROCK BREEDERS• No. No. No. % No. % % Males Eggs Eggs- Eggs Fer- Eggs Hatcha- Hat-Set Infer t. Fert . t i l e Hatched "bllity ched ROP 78349 R 201 67 134 66.6 115 85.8 57-2 ROP 8148 RR 23 7 16 69.6 8 50.0 34.8 ROP 7882 RR 230 31 199 86.5 121 63.3 51.9 ROP 7501 RR 67 10 57 85.0 41 71-9 61.2 543 181 19 162 89.5 129 79.8 71.2 M 7931 210 39 171 81.4 134 78.4 63.8 555 159 9 150 94.3 115 76.7 72.3 538 87 , 18 69 79.3 54 78.3 62.0 ROP 7503 RR 378 108 270 71.4 159 58.9 42.0 R 1121 389 113 276 70.9 186 67.3 47.8 Females ROP 78349 R R 15825 35 14 21 60.0 18 85.7 51.4 46 36 10 26 72.2 26 100.0 72.2 63 18 70 11 0 11 100 .0 10 90.9 90.9 79 19 0 19 100.0 15 78.9 78.9 81 1 0 1 100.0 0 0 0 87 21 4 17 80.9 14 82.3 66.7 91 16 3 13 81.3 11 84.6 68.8 901 19 11 8 42.1 6 54.5 31.6 I COCKEREL PROGENY SUMMARY ' i OF 1936 BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK BREEDERS. 1 ^ : " 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20 Wks . 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade No Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. ther A B C 36 3.1 33 4 .2 25 5-6 17 6.5 16 7-1 26 9 1 3 3.1 3 4.1 3 5.6 •3 6.0 2 6.5 3 21 2.9 20 3-5 15 5-4 11 6.2 9 6.7 17 4 9 2.7 9 3.7 7 4.8 5 5 .8 2 7.1 4 5 •10 2.6 10 3.9 6 5-6 4 6.4 3 7-0 EF 6. 3 1 18 2.8 18 3.8 15 5.1 7 6.3 6 6.6 EF 14 4 23 2.9 21 4.0 18 ' 5 . 0 14 5.9 12 6.4 23 12. 2.7 10 4 . 0 8 5 .1 4 6.0 3 6.7 EF ? 3 42 2.7 39 3.6 33 5.0 13 5.9 7 6.7 18 22 2 66 2.5 63 3.7 46 5.1 34 6.1 22 6.7 41 18 5 ' 5 3-3 5 4.5 5 5.9 4 6.8 . 4 7.0 EF 3 2 9 3-3 •9 4.3 6 5.6 6 6.7 6 7.3 8 1 i 2 1 2.6 2 3.8 1 5.6 1 6.8 1 7.0 2 1 2.2 SF ' 1 1 2.1 1 3 .2 1 ! 4 3.0 2 4.8 1 6.2 1 7.2 1 7.8 EF 4 5 3.0 5 4 .1 5 5.5 3 6.2 2 7.0 3 2 3 3.1 3 3.8 1 5 .3 1 6.0 1 6.2 3 I PULLET PROGENY SUMMARY j OF 1936 BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK BREEDERS. No-. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex. Wlnt. Mar.l Egg Cul- D's Grade Males D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 21 6.4 189 55.1 81.7 24.5 2 14 6 1 ROP 78349 R 1 7.1 184 94.0 138.0 25.0 1 ROP 8148 RR 20 6.3 210 65-1 83-7 24.6 1 14 6 ROP 7882 RR 4 5.6 208 62.7 62.7 23.0 3 1 ROP 7501 RR 14 6.6 209 60.4 78.3 23.7 2 11 3 543 17 5.9 186 65.6 98.0 23.3 1 4 10 6 M 7931 8 5.9 206 47.3 55.1 23.4 2 6 2 555 . 5 5.9 222 58.2 61.0 23.1 1 . 1 3 538 39 6.0 207 52.8 70.2 24.5 3 4 21 13 2 ROP 7503 RR 56 5.6 208 65-0 82.5 24.4 2 2 21 35 R 1121 Females ROP 78349 R 3 6.6 190 38.O 67.6 24.0 2 1 R 15825 5 6.6 208 45.0 67-0 24.6 1 3 2 46 4 5.4 186 56.5 72.5 24.3 1 3 1 63 70 79 81 ; 3 6.8 182 57-6 90.0 24.1 3 87 : 1 6.2 160 82.0 129.0 23.5 1 91 901 Females No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert % Fer-. t i l e No. Eggs Hatched % Hatcha-b i l i t y - Hat-ched 904 19 7 12 63.2 9 75.0 47.9 73914 5 0 5 100.0 5 100.0 100.0 ROP 8148 RR M 25501 4 4 0 0 0 0 P 28034 1 1 0 0 0 0 Q 31297 16 16 100.0 8 50.0 50.0 99 2 2 0 0 0 0 ROP 7882 RR R 15813 41 7 34 82.9 17 50.0 41.5 15 10 0 10 100.0 9 90.0 90.0 35 16 0 16 100.0 12 75.0 75.0 67 1 0 1 100.0 0 0 0 68 19 3 16 84.2 11 68.7 57.9 82 22 3 19 86.3 12 63.1 54.5 84 33 5 28 84.8 18 63.6 54.5 85 20 1 19 95.0 7 36.8 35.0 88 20 3 17 85.0 10 58.8 50.0 93 ^ 0 17 100.0 5 29.4 29.4 95 26 7 19 73.0 17 89.4 65.4 900 5 2 3 60.0 3 100.0 60.0 ROP 7501 RR M 25528 4 1 3 75.0 1 33-3 25.0 P 28005 17 1 16 94.1 9 56.2 52.9 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat 12 Wks. .16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade of Body Sex. Wlnt. Mar. 1 Egg Cul- D's Grade Females No Wgt. No. Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. ther A B O D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 5 3.3 5 4.6 5 5.4 1 6.1 1 6.7 1 4 4 6.4 181 69.5 98.2 25.2 3 1 904 1 2.6 1 3.6 1 5.5 1 1 6.0 174 60.0 96.0 26.0 1 73914 ROP 8148 RR M 25501 P 28034 3 3.1 3 4.1 3 5.6 3 6.0 2 6.5 3 1 7.1 184 94.0 138.0 25.0 1 Q 31297 99 ROP 7882 RR 2 2.8 2 3.7 1 5.6 1 1 * 4 6.2 203 72.2 94.5 23.9 1 3 1 R 15813 2 6.1 230 49.0 49.0 25.0 1 1 15 2 2.8 2 3.4 1 5.9 1 7-1 1 8.0 1 1 35 67 1 3.0 1 4.3 1 5-7 1 7.0 1 7.6 EF 1 1 3 6.5 206 55.7 90.7 25.3 2 1 68 2 3.2 2 4.3 2 5.6 1 5-7 1 6.1 2 . 1 5.9 170 44.0 96.0 23.5 1 82 4 3.1 4 4.2 3 5-6 2 6.6 1 7-6 4 ! 5 6.2 219 65.8 73-2 24.8 5 84 2 2.6 2 3.5 2 4.6 2 5.6 2 6.2 2 85 1 3.0 1 4.0 1 5.4 1 2 6.5 184 86.0 127.0 25.8 2 88 93 6 2.9 6 4.2 4 5-2 4 5.8 3 6.1 EF 5 1 i 2 6.3 223 64.0 67.5 24.1 2 95 1 1.8 SF 1 1 6.5 232 75-0 75-0 25.0 1 900 ROP 7501 RR M 25528 3 2.8 3 3.4 2 4.9 2 6.0 1 7.6 2 1 P 28005 Females No. Eggs Set No.. Eggs Infert. No. Egg Fer 32 1 0 1 34 7 1 6 77 14 3 11 Q 31297 21 2 19 99 3 2 1 543 Q 31285 17 2 15 R 15802 11 1 10 09 23 3 20 11 12 3 9 23 30 0 30 30 6 1 5 36 23 5 18 52 4 0 4 61 9 1 8 71 17 1 16 99 29 2 27 7931 P 28011 23 5 18 R 15829 5 1 '4 31 26 8 18 34 36 12 24 56 13 3 10 % No. % - % Fer- Eggs Hatoha- Hat-t i l e Hatched b i l l t y ohed 100.0 1 100.0 100.0 85.7 6 100.0 85.7 83.6 8 72.7 57.1 90.5 15 78.9 71.4 33.3 1 100.0 33.3 88.2 11 73-3 64.7 90.0 8 80.0 72-7 86.9 14 70.0 60.8 75.0 4 44.4 33-3 100.0 23 76.7 76.7 83.3 5 100.0 83.3 78.3 17 94.4 73.9 100.0 4 100.0 100.0 88.9 5 62.5 55.6 94.1 13 81.3 76.5 93-1 25 92.6 86.2 78.2 9 50.0 39.1 80.0 4 100.0 80.0 69.2 13 72.2 50.0 66.7 17 70.8 47.2 76.9 8 80.0 61.5 '•• No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Heat 12 ms. 16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade S of Body Sex. Wint. Mar .1 Egg Gul- D' s Grade No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. ther A B C D 3 Wgt- Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 2 2.0 2 3.2 2 4.1 2 3 5.4 198 58.7 58.7 23.0 2 1 4 3.0 4 4.1 3 4.9 3 5.6 1 6.6 SF 2 2 " 1 <S-° 237 75-0 75.0 23.0 1 4 2.1 4 3.9 4 5.6 2 6.7 2 6.9 EF 1 1 2.6 1 3.8 1 2.6 1 3.9 1 2 2.3 2 3.6 2 2 3.0 2 4.7 2 5.6 2 6.1 1 7-2 EF 2 2 3-1 2 4.2 2 5-4 1 6.4 1 6.9 EF 2 1 3.0 1 3.7 1 4.5 EF 1 3 2.5 3 3.5 3 4.7 1 5-3 1 5-7 EF 2 2.9 2 3.9 2 5.2 2 1 3.0 1 4 .0 1 3 4 6.7 241 51.2 57.0 24.6 2 2 1 6.5 171 63.0 98.0 24.2 1 2 6.6 188 75.0 117.5 24.1 1 1 1 6.2 172 75.0 124.0 23.2 1 3 6.4 206 57.7 74.7 23.0 3 2 7.2 206 64.5 66.0 24.5 1 2 1 6.3 212 50.0 56.0 20.2 1 1 1 6.3 202 95.0 125.0 26.8 1 1 4 .8 210 67.0 90.0 22.0 1 Females 32 34 77 Q 31297 99 543 Q 31285 R 15802 R 15809 11 23 30 36 52 61 71 . 99 M 7931 P 28011 R 15829 31 34 56 Females 65 73 83 89 96 903 555 68 P Q 31266 315 Q 334 Q 346 Q 349 Q 367 Q 377 Q 385 Q 538 P 28049 17 P 26 P 49 P 316 Q 326 CJ 331 Q No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert 5« Fer-. t i l e 11 1 10 90.9 4 0 4 100.0 12 0 12 100 .0 34 4 30 88.2 14 2 12 85.7 32 3 29 90.6 11 1 10 90.9 27 0 27 100.0 13 2 11 84.6 7 3 4 57.1 16 0 16 100.0 19 2 17 89.4 4 1 3 75.0 20 0 20 100.0 42 0 42 100 ..0 4 1 3 • 75.0 19 2 17 89.4 11 0 11 100.0 6 2 4 66.7 2 1 1 50.0 21 9 12 57.1 8 1 7 87.5 No. % -%• Eggs Hatoha- Hat-Hatohed b i l i t y ched 9 90.0 81.8 3 75.-0 75.0 11 91.7 91.7 27 90.0 79.4 6 50.0 42.8 27 93.1 84.4 4 40.0 36.3 26 96.3 96.3 7 63.6 52.8 3 75-0 42.8 13 81.2 8 L . 2 11 64.7 57.9 2 66.7 50.0 16 80.0 80.0 33 78.5 78.5 3 100.0 75-0 13 76.4 68.4 10 90.9 90.9 2 50.0 33-3 1 100.0 50.0 6 50.0 28.6 7 100.0 87.5 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. ther A B C No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex. WInt. Mar.l Egg Cul- D's Grade D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 4 2.7 3 3.9 ..3 5-1 2 6.0 2 6.5 SF 3 1 8 6.0 172 75.8 116.0 23.1 5 2.7 5 3.8 3 5-2 . 2 6.3 1 7.0 5 7 5.9 193 49.6 74.7 23.3 1. 3.6 1 4.4 1 5.8 1 6.8 1 7-5 1 9 2.7 9 4.0 7 4.9 6 5-8 5 6.4 9 i 3 6.0 211 70.7 77-3 23.2 2 2.2 1 3.0 /2 . > 3 5.6 212 15-3 33.0 24.0 2 3-3 2 4.5 2 5.6 2 1 2.6 1 3-5 1 4.5 1 5.5 1 5.9 1 1 3.0 1 j. 7 3.0 7 4.2 7 4.9 6 5-9 5 6.3 7 ; ' • 2 6.0 191 60.5 71-5 23-1 1 3.1 1 4.0 1 5 2.6 3 3.8 3 5.2 2 6.3 1 7.4 EF 3 2 I i 5.5 243 77-0 77.0 24.0 1 2.9 1 4.0 1 5.0 1 5.6 1 6.7 EF 1 j 2 3.3 2 4.6 2 5.6 1 6.0 1 6.2 EF 2 l 6.0 239 64.0 64.0 25-5 1 3.1 1 3.6 1 4.6 1 3 6.0 210 50.0 54.6 22.3 2 1 3 1 1 Females 65 73 83 89 96 903 555 68 P Q 31266 315 Q 334 (j 346 Q 349 Q 367 Q 377 Q 385 Q 538 P 28049 17 P 26 P 49 P 316 Q 326 Q 331 Q Females No. Eggs Set . No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert % Fer-. t i l e No. % Eggs Hatcha-Hatohed b i l i t y % Hat-ched 338 Q 12 2 10 83.3 9 90.0 75.0 73904 ' 4 0 4 100.0 3 75-0 75.0 HOP 7503 RR S 36203 30 11 19 63.3 15 78.9 50.0 34 43 ' 2 41 95.6 30 73-1 69.9 37 21 4 17 80.9 6 31.7 28.5 38 31 0 31 100.0 23 74.2 74.2 39 21 4 17 80.9 4 23.1 19.0 S 25320 28 4 24 85.7 18 75-0 63.6 23 33 13 20 60.6 10 50.0 33.3 50 26 9 17 65.4 3 . 17.6 11.5 55 36 26 10 27.5 1 10.0 2.7 56 36 17 19 52.7 5 26.3 13.9 73 5 3 2 40.0 • , 0' 0 0 80 32 10 22 68.4 ""20 90.9 62.5 96 29 5 24 82.7 17 70.8 58.6 R 1121 S 36219 35 3 32 91.4 22 68.8 63.5 24 41 12 29- 70.7 24 82.4 58.5 25 24 10 14 58.3 9 64.4 37.5 45 33 11 22 66.7 8 36.3 24.2 s 25310 28 '• 18 10 35.7 7 70.0 25.0 14 39 3 36 92.4 28 77.8 71.8 15 29 13 16 55.2 9 56.2 31.0 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24. Wks.. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade No Wgt. No. Wgt. No Wgt.. No.. Wgt. No Wgt. ther A B G 2 2.3 2 3.4 1 4.7 "2 10 2.5 9 3.6 7 4.7 3 5.5 2 6.1 3 7 3 2.9 3 4.0 3 4.9 2 5.3 1 5.5 3 6 2.5 5 3.6 5 5.0 2 5.1 SF 1 4 1 2 2.8 2 4.2 2 5-8 2 6.1 "a 1 2.0 1 2.8 1 3 2.2 3 3.2 3 5 .0 3 3 2.3 3 3.4 3 4.5 SF 3 7 3.2 6 4.4 4 5.7 1 6.8 1 7.9 4 '3 7 3.1 7 4.2 6 5-6 3 6.8 3 7-1 SF. 5 2 12 2.9 12 4.1 11 5-4 11 6.3 9 6.7 1Q 2 6 2.8 6 3.9 5 5 .2 4 6.2 4 6.8 6 3 2.3 3 3 .3 1 4.0 1 -4.8 2 1 • 5 2.4 4 3-2 2 4.0 2 3 1 2.9 1 4.0 1 5-6 1 6.2 1 6.7 EF 1 11 3 .0 11 4.0 8 5-1 5 6.1 2 6-5 SF 8 3 2 2.2 2 2.8 1 4.1 1 5.0 1 1 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of 'Body Sex. Wlnt. Har.l Egg Cul- D's Grade Females D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B G 338 Q 73904 ROP 7503 RR 1 7-3 173 49.0 101.0 25 .4 1 S 36203 10 6.2 207 56.5 78.5 24.5 2 6 3 1 34 37 9 6.1 211 63-2 76.4 24.4 5 4 38 1 5-8 175 5-0 45.0 24.0 1 39 4 6.3 233 46.0 46.0 24.1 1 3 1 s 25320 4 5.7 216 36.5 47.5 24.4 1 1 1 2 23 50 55 1 5.0 225 55-0 55-0 24.3 1 56 73 5 6.7 205 59.0 70.0 25 -4 1 4 1 80 '4 5 .4 193 51-7 68.7 23.8 2 1 l ' 96 R 1121 6. 6.2 204 68.8 95.0 25.7 1 3 3 S 36219 9 5.5 190 74.3 105.4 23.8 3 6 24 4 5 .3 213 51-7 68.0 23.5 4 25 2 5.2 201 53-0 78.0 25.0 1 1 45 2 5 .2 191 43.5 70.0 25 -5 1 2 s 25310 6 6.0 189 75.8 94.1 24.7 1 4 2 14 1 5-5 229 31.0 31-0 24.0 1 15 males No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert. % Fer-t i l e No. Eggs Hatched % Hatcha-b i l i t y $ Hat-ched 16 1 1 0 0 0 0 25 39 10 29 74.4 20 68.9 51.3 26 27 1 26 96.3 21 - 80.8 77.8 53 31 7 24 71.4 22 91.7 70.9 35 35 17 18 51.3 10 55-6 28.5 37 22 5 17 77-3 9 52.9 40.9 25400 12 2 10 83.3 4 40.0 33-3 12 Wits. 16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Heat Grade No. Wgt. No Wgt. No. Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. ther A B C 3 2.4 3 3.5 1 4.5 1 6.1 1 6.8 SF 3 5 2.6 3 3.3 3 5.1 1 1 9 2.6 9 3.7 6 4.6 6 .5-7 2 6.3 EF 4 3 2 5 2.8 5 3.9 5 5.4 4 6.2 3 6.9 5 4 2.2 4 3.0 2 4.1 2 1 1 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex. Wint. Mar. 1 Egg Cul- D's Grade Females D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 16 5 6.1 236 51.8 60.0 25.4 3 2 25 6 5.1 209 65.0 75.3 24.4 1 3 3 26 8 5-7 203 77.2 89.7 23.8 3 5 '33 4 5.5 214 76.2 95-5 24.0 4 35 2 5.4 252 52.0 52.0 24.5 1 1 37 1 5.0 213 47.0 47.0 23.0 1 25400 HATCHING SUMMARY OF 1936 SINGLE COMB RHODE ISLAND RED BREEDERS. Males No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert. % Fer-t i l e No. % Eggs Hatoha-Hatohed b l l l t y % . Hat-ched ROP 16963 327 39 288 88.0 200 69.4 61.2 ROP 7897 RR 92 16 76 82.6 55 72.4 - 69.9 M 8204 425 47 378 88.9 250 68.8 59.8 M 8566 159 19 140 88.0 123 87.9 77-3 ROP 7911 RR 27 7 20 74.0 13 65.0 48.1 ROP 7832 RR 188 30 158 83.4 128 81.0 68.0 - Females ROP 16963 R 15718 40 1 39 97.5 33 84.6 82.5 44 42 5 37 88.1 27 72.9 64.3 47 28 4 24 85.7 16 57.1 66.7 51 27 2 25 92.5 14 56.0 51..8 59 43 13 30 69.9 20 66.7 46.2 67 36 6 30 83.3 21 70.0 58.3 75 52 5 47 90.4 33 70.2 63.3 87 59 3 56 94.9 36 64.3 61.0 ROP 7897 RR Q 31117 10 3 7 70.0 2 28.5 20.0 40 8 2 6 75.0 0 0 0 45 6 2 4 66.7 4 100.0 66.7 87 26 4 22 84.6 19 86.4 73.1 j COCKEREL PROGENY SUMMARY I - " . ! OF 1956 SINGLE OOHB RHODE ISLAND RED BREEDERS. 12 No. Wks. Wgt. 16 No. Wks. Wgt. 20 No. Wks. Wgt. 24 No. Wks. Wgt. 28 No. Wks. Wgt. Fea-ther Meat A Grade B C 101 2.8 99 3.9 68 5.2 22 6.2 15 7.0 SF 46 40 15 2'8 3.0 27 4.3 20' 5.7 5 6.7 4 6.8 SF 14 12 2 105 2.9 99 4.1 83 5.4 25 6.3 17 7.0 EF 76 25 4 56 2.8 54 3.9 35 5.4 11 6.4 7 6.7 EF 30 2J 3 9 3.3 9 4.4 8 •5.2 3 6.7 2 7.6 SF 5 2 2 53 2.7 42 4.3 21 5.6 5 7.0 S? 22 2"4 8 16 2.9 15 4.2 7 5.3 4 6.2 2 6.8 SF .' 9 4 3 16 2.9 16 4.1. 10 5-2 5 7 4 2.9 5 4.0 3 5.1 SF 1 2 2 6 2.7 6 3.9 6 5.1 1 6.5 1 6.8 EF 3 3 i 12 | 2.8 12 3.9 11 5.3 6 6.6 3 6.9 7 4 1 | 12 2.6 11 3.9 7 5.1 4 6 2 . 15 2.9 14 4.2 9 5.3 2 6.0 1 8.0 SF 8 '5 2 • 19 2.8 19 3.9 16 5.2 8 6.1 8 7.1 9 9 1 j 1 2.5 1 3.5 1 5.0 SF 1 12 3.1 12 4.2 8 5.7 1 6.5 SE 5 6 1 PULLETJPROGENY SUMMARY nFiQ^_SJ»fiT.t COMB RHODE ISLAND RED BREEDERS. No . of D's Av. Body Wgt. Av. Sex. Hat. Av. Wlnt. Prod. Av. Ear. 1 Prod. Av. Egg Wgt. No. Cul-led No. D's D. Meat Grade A B C Males 62 5-8 199 52-3 63-3 24.5 10 2 23 25 2 ROP 16963 15 6.2 203 54.5 59.4 24.6 1 8 4 2 ROP 7897 RR :47 5-8 200 69-6 81.3 25-3 1 2 33 8 1 M 8204 31 6.0 197 58.8 73-0 23-8 3 15 8 2 M ROP 8566 7911 RR 31 6.0 218 46.5 46.5 25.3 2 x5 14 1 ROP 7832 RR Females ROP 16963 :-l4 6.2 201 47-0 55-9 25-4 4 4 6 R 15718 ; 6 5-5 186 51-7 76.3 23.7 3 3 44 7 5-9 199 48.8 67.9 24.5 1 3 2 1 47 : 1 4.8 203 55-0 55-0 24.0 1 51 ! 8 5-6 198 59-7 64.5 24.4 1 4 2. 1 59 !. 5 5.8 206 39-4 51-8 24.3 3 1 1 67 !: 8 5-3 210 53-4 61.5 24.2 1 1 3 3 75 13 5-8 195 59-7 68.2 24.4 1 5 7 ROP 87 7897 Q 31117 40 3 5-8 206 77.0 88.3 23.9 2 1 45 ' 1 203 3.0 1 87 Femalea No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. Eggs Fert % Fer-t i l e No. Eggs Hatched % Hatcha-bi l i t y % Hat-ched 97 26 5 21 80.8 17 80.9 65.4 R 15716 7 • 0 7 100.0 6 85.7 . 85.7 61 5 0 5 100.0 4 80.0 80.0 76 4 0 4 100.0 3 75.0 75.0 8204. ' Q 31117 7 2 5 71.4 0 0 0 45 6 0 6 100.0 0 0 0 97 8 1 7. 87.5 7 100.0 87.5 R 15704 39 4 35 89.9 13 37.1 33.3 07 49 4 45 91.8 38 84.4 77.5 09 51 3 48 94.1 38 -79.8 74.5 16 19 1 18 94.7 17 94.4 89.4 25 50 2 48 96.0 33 68.7 66.0 53 36 14 22 61.1 7 50.0 19.9 61 14 1 13 92.8 11 84.6 78.5 70 31 1 30 96.9 15 50.0 48.4 72 - 62 11 51 82.3 37 72.5 59.9 73 52 2 50 96.1 34 68.0 65.4 76 1 1 0 0 0 0 8566 L 287 24 1 23 95-8 22 95.6 91.7 L 288 7 1 6 85.7 6 100 .0 85.7 38 Q 14 4 .10 71.4 10 100.0 71.4 90 Q 9 2 7 77.8 5 71.4 55.6 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20.Wks. 24'Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No.' Wgt. ther A B 0 10 3.2 10 4.4 9 6.0 4 6.7 4 6.8 8 2 2 2.6 1 4.3 1 1 2 2.9 2 4.5 2 5.4 2 1 3.2 1 4.6 SF 1 5 2.6 4 4.0 3 5.2 1 6.0 EF 4 1 18 2.9 . 18 4.1 16 5.5 1 8.1 1 8.2 EF 15 3 17 3.0 16 4.4 16 5.7 7 6.7 5. 7.5 EF 11 5 1 5 3.3 5 4.5 4 5.6 1 5.7 • 1 5.8 4 1.. 17 2.8 16 3.9 12 5.0 6 5.7 2 6.8 EF 10 5 2 4 2.6 4 3.6 3 5.0 1 3 4 3.2 4. 4.5 3 6.2 1 7.6 1 8.0 1 3 7 3.1 7 4.3 6 5.6 1 6.8 1 7.2 EF 7 14 2.9 13 3.9 12 5.2 3 6.5 3 6.6 EF 11 3 14 3.0 12 4.1 8 5.3 4 5.9 3 6.7 EF 12 2 10 2.6 10 3.8 8 4.9 4 5.8 2 5.9 EF 5 4 1 5 2.5 5 3.6 SF 4 1 2 2.7 2 3.9 1 5.6 SF 1 1 2 2.8 2 4.2 1 5.8 1 6.7 1 7.5 2 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No Meat of Body Sex Wlnt . Mar.l Egg Cul- D'£ Grade Females D's Wgt. Mat Prod . Prod. Wgt. led D. A B 0 7 6.2 197 57-9 63-1 24.9 5 1 1 Q 31197 • 1 6.0 220 41.0 41.0 23-3 1 R 15716 1 7-5 206 52.0 52.0 25.1 1 61 2 6.1 211 44.0 44.0 23.7 2 76 M 8204 Q 31117 45 97 6.3 203 68.7 69-3 25-1 3 R 15704 11 •5-6 205 72.8 87-3 25-3 6 4 1 07 ' 9 6.0 194 66.7 81.5 25-7 1 7 2 09 2 6.1 205 75.0 78.0 26.5 1 1 16 ' 3 5-7 235 53.0 53.0 25.1 2 25 53 ' 2 6.0 172 86.0 122.0 27.O 1 1 61 3 6.1 197 71-7 75.0 23.9 3 70 7 5-7 208 74.4 79.0 24.5 6 72 7 5-5 196 65-3 83.1 25.1 2 4 73 76 i l 8566 4 5-4 212 54.0 58.0 22.5 1 2 L 287 . 1 7-5 204 57.0 62.0 24.7 1 L 288 i 4 5.9 191 68.7. 87.2 23.7 3 1 38 4 6.5 186 50.0 62.0 24.5 2 2 90Q ] Females No. ESS3 Set No. Egga Infert. No. Egga Fert Fer-. t i l e No. Eggs Hatched Hatoha-bl l i t y % Hat-ched 95 Q 26 6 20 76.9 17 85.0 65.4 R 15749 26 0 26 100.0 22 84.6 84.6 - 52 25 4 21 84.0 17 80.9 68.0 64 28 1 27 96.4 24 88.9 85-7 7911 RR Q 31117 9 3 6 66.7 4 66.7 44.4 40 2 0 2 100.0 2 100.0 100.0 45 11 2 9 81.8 6 66.7 54.5 97 5 2 3 60.0 1 33.3 20.0 7832 RR S 36113 24 1 23 95.8 13 56.5 54.2 15 12 1 11 91.7 10 90.9 83.3 22 11 1 10 90.9 8 80.0 72.7 24 12 0 12 100.0 10 83.3 83.3 48 14 3 11 78.6 9 81.8 64.2 49 12 5 7 58.3 5 71.4 41.7 53 12 1 11 91.7 11 100.0 91-7 55 17 1 16 94.1 11 68.7 64.7 58 16 0 16 100.0 15 93-7 93.7 62 9 2 7 77-8 7 100.0 77.8 71 14 3 11 78.6 9 81.8 63.6 73 10 1 9 90.0 7 77-8 70.0 74 13 1 12 92.3 11 91.6 84.6 76 12 10 2 16.7 2 100.0 16.7 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20 Wks . - 24 Wks. 28 Wks . Fea- Meat Grade No. Wgt. No. Wgt. No. WE*. No. Wgt. No. Wgt. ther A B. 0 11 3.1 11 4 .1 11 5.7 1 7.4 1 7-6 EE 4 7 4 2.8 4 3.8 4 5.6 3 6.8 2 7.0 EF 1 3 8 2.9 7 4.0 5 5-3 2 6.2 1 6.1 6 2 1-4 2.8 13 4.1 5 5.1 12 2 2 2.5 2 3.6 2 5 .1 SF 2 2 3.7 2 4.9 2 6.3 1 6.6 SF 1 1 5 3.5 5 4.6 4 6.1 2 6.8 2 7-7 4 1. 3 3.0 3 4 .4 1 6.3 1 7.2 1 2 4 2.3 3 3.6 2 4.7 1 5 .2 SF 1 3 1 2.3 1 3.6 SF 1 3 2.6 2 4.0 1 4.9 SF 3 4 2.6 2 4.1 1 5 .3 3 1 3 2.1 . 3 3.6 1 4.3 SF 1 1 1 7 3 .2 7 4.7 4 6.7 1 7.6 SF 4 1 2 4 3.1 2 5 .0 1 7.0 1 8.3 1 3 4 2.4 3 3.8 2 5.1 1 6.5 3 1 3 2.6 2 4.1 2 5 .1 1 2 7 2.9 5 4.9 3 6.2 2 4 1 4 2.5 4 3.8 1 4.0 2 2 4 2.9 4 4 . 3 2 5.6 SF 2 2 2 2.1 1 3.8 SF 1 1 D 0 . f 's AV. Body Wgt. Av. Sex. ;,Iat. Av. Wint. Prod. Av. Av. No. Ear.l Egg Oul-Prod. Wgt. led No. D1 3 D. Heat - Grade A B C Females 95 Q 5 5.6 220 62.8 69.4 24.0 1 2 2 R 15749 3 6.0 186 93.6 126.0 23.8 2 1 52 5 6.0 173 55.4 89.0 22.5 2 3 64 ROP 7911 RR Q 31117 40 45 97 ROP 7832 RR 4 6.2 214 36.7 36.7 25.2 3 S 36113 4 6.1 230 30.0 3O.0 25-5 2 2 15 3 5-3 196 51-7 '51-7 23-5 2 1 22 1. 5-6 204 51.0 51-0 24.8 1 24 4 6.0 226 35-2 35-2 25.2 4 48 49 2 6.4 204 ' 59-5 .59-5 24.9' 1 1 53 3 6.3 217 49.3 49.3 25.4 2 1 55 3 '5-8 227 63.3 63-3 24.5 3 58 2 6.5 212 56.0 56.0 27.2 1 1 62 1 5-9 206 82.0 82.0 24.0 1 71 2 5-6 212 50.0 50.0 25.8 1 1 1 73 2 6.0 212 43.0 43.0 26.3 1 2 74 76 HATCHING SUMMARY OF 1956 SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN BREEDERS. Males No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. % Eggs Fer-Fert. t i l e No. % Eggs Hatcha-Hatohed b l l l t y % Hat-ched M 9811 120 16 104 86.7 53 50.9 44.1 ROP 25702 236 25 211 89.3 127 60.2 53.8 ROP 7708 RR 124 42 82 66.2 52 63.4 41.9 ROP 8035 RR 481 61 420 87.3 177 42.1 36.8 ROP 52403 RR 600 114 486 81.0 250 51.6 41.6 Females M 9811 N 376 8 1 7 88.9 0 0 0 P 10302 8 6 2 25.0 0 0 0 10386 7 0 7 100.0 1 14.2 14.2 Q 7704 35 3 32 91.1 16 50.0 45.7 7727 14 2 12 85.7 8 66.7 57.1 7732 32 2 30 93.8 18 60.0 50.0 7752 7 2 5 71.4 2 40.0 28.5 7773 9 0 9 100.0 8 88.9 88.9 ROP 25702 R 5003 41 0 41 100.0 23 56.1 56.1 4 2.3 1 22 95.6 17 77-3 93.9 6 8 2 6 75.0 0 0 0 8 12 4 8 66.7 2 25.0 16.7 15 27 3 24 88.9 13 54.1 48.2 COCKEREL -PROGENY SUMMARY OF 1936 SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN BREEDERS. 12 Wks. 16 Wks. 20 Wks. 24 Wks. 28 Wks. Fea- Meat Grade No Wgt. No • Wgt. -No Wgt. No Wgt. No Wgt. ther A B C 16 2.3 14 3.1 10 3-8 6 4.4 1 5.1 12 3 1 41 2.5 38 3.4 25 4.1 14 4.6 8 5.1 30 8 3 20 2.5 20 3.5 7 4.6 5 5.3 5 6.0 13 6 1 48 2.7 42 3.6 28 4.5 20 5.0 12 5.7 3? 9 73 2.6 65 3.4 38 4.4 22 5.0 11 5.8 52 17 4 7 2.4 5 3.0 4 3.9 2 4.1 5 1 1 5 2.2 5 2.9 4 3'.7 3 4.5 4 1 4 2.4 4 3.3 2 3.9 1 4.6 1 5.1 3 1 8 2.7 8 3.5 5 4.2 5 4.6 3 5.2 B 1 1 i 8 2.2 8 3-1 6 3.9 3 4.5 1 5.7 SF 5 3 ' 5 3.1 3 3.6 3 4.9 2 5 .3 1 5 .7 EF: 5' PULLET PROGENY SUMMARY OF 1956 SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN BREEDERS. No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex. Wint Mar.l Egg Cul- D's Grade Males.' D's Wgt. Mat. Prod Prod. Wgt. led D. A B C 9 4.5 196 82.2 97-5 23.8 3 2 2 M 9811 59 4.3 196 64.4 78.0 23.8 3 2 14 16 3 ROP 25702 10 4 .8 188 70.5 102.1 25.3 8 2 ROP 7708 RR 52 4.1 191 62.5 87.O 23.7 9 2 24 13 1 ROP 8033 RR 56 4 . 2 188 52.5 67.0 24.1 8 3 19 22 2 ROP 52403 RR Females M 9811 N 376 P 10302 10386 ' 5 4.3 199 88.7 115.0 24.5 1 1 1 . Q 7704 2 188 62.5 62.5 23.7 7727 ; 1 5.1 192 84.0 97-0 24.4 1 7732 ' 1 5-5 229 76.0 87.O 23.8 1 7752 2 4 .2 186 94.5 112.0 22.5 1 1 7773 ROP 25702 ' 8 4.1 195 52.4 64.2 24.7 1 2 3 1 R 5003 4 4.5 192 92.2 121.0 24.0 2 2 4 6 Q 2 4.7 200 73.0 86.5 25.0 1 1 O 15 Females No. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert. No. % Eggs Fer-Fert. t i l e No. Eggs Hatched Hatcha bl l l t y - Hat-ched 25 23 5 18 78.2 11 61.1 47.8 29 24 4 20 83.3 11 55.0 45.8 33 13 3 10 76.9 2 20.0 15.4 41 31 2 29 93.5 22 75.8 70.9 50 34 1 33 97-0 . 26 79.8 76.5 7708 RR R 5001 18 7 11 61.1 6 54.5 33.3 09 7 0 7 100.0 5 71.4 71.4 13 8 3 5 62.5 4 80.0 50.0 . 19 12 5 7 58.3 '4 57.1 33.3 22 9 1 8 88.9 6 75.0 66.7 37 12 5 7 58.3 2 28.3 16.7 40 3 2 1 33.3 1 100.0 33-3 43 12 3 9 75.0 3 33.3 25 .0 47 9 1 8 88.9 6 75-0 66.7 49 • 29 13 16 55.1 14 87.5 48.3 8033 RR S 2704 32 1 31 96.9 25 80.6 78.1 06 28 5 23 82.1 4 19.4 14.2 07 30 3 27 9 0 . 0 5 18.5 16.7 08 33 3 30 ' 90.9 9 30.0 27.2 09 36 1 35 97 .2 18 51.4 50.0 20 6 0 6 100.0 3 50.0 50.0 31 8 1 7 87.5 5 71.4 62.5 12 No Wks . Wgt. 16 No Wks. Wgt. 20 No Wks. Wgt. 24 No. Wks. Wgt. 28 No. Wks. Wgt. Fea-ther Meat A Grade B 0 1 3.2 1 4.0 1 4.7 SF 1 4 2.2 4 3.1 1 3.8 1 2 1 4 2.1 4 3.3 4 3.8 EF 3 1 4 2.4 4 3.2 3 3.6 3 4.4 2 4.7 3 1 7 2.5 6 3.4 2 4.1 1 4.5 1 4.6 6 1 2 2.5 2 3.3 2 4.4 1 5.6 1 6.3 2 • 2 2.4 2 3.4 1 3.9 1 1 3 2.7 3 3.5 3 4.8 3 5.2 3 6.1 Eg 3 3 2.5 3 3.7 1 2 1 2.1 1 3.2 1 1 2.5 1 3.4 1 3 2.6 3 3.6 1 5.0 1 5.1 1 5.7 2 1 5 2.3 5 3.4 2 2 1 9 2.4 8 3.3 ' 6 4.3 7 4.5 2 5.5 EF 9 1 2.2 1 3.1 1 3.5 1 3 2.9 3 3.9 3 4.3 '3 4.9 1 5.5 3 3 3.1 3 4.1 3 5.1 1 5.7 EF 3 1 2.7 1 3.8 1 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex Wlnt. Mar.l Egg Cul- D's Grade Females D ' e Wgt. Mat Prod. Prod Wgt. led D . A B C 7 4.3 196 60.9 73.3 23.7 1 1 4 1 25 3 4.3 194 51.0 75.7 23.7 1 1 1 29 2 4.0 198 71.5 73.5 22.1 1 1 33 5 4.4 201 66.4 74.8 24.1 2 2 41 .7 3.9 200 68.9 73-7 22.6 1 3 3 1 50 ROP 7708 RR R 5001 09 1 5-8 189 87.0 101.0 27.0 1 13 1 4.5 174 39.0 74.0 25.0 1 19 22 37 40 1 4.5 232 66.0 66.0 26.0 1 43 2 4 .6 169 63.0 115.5 25.0 2 47 5 4 .7 188 77-0 110.0 24.9 4 1 49 ROP 8033 RR 7 4.8 173 61.1 95-0 23.7 2 2 4 s 2704 06 3 4.9 203 65-3 70.3 23.2 2 1 1 07 2 4.3 202 77-5 89.0 23.2 1 1 08 8 5 .2 187 77-8 113.6 23.7 4 1 09 2 5.0 170 72.0 131.0 22.3 1 1 1 20 31 Females Ho. Eggs Set No. Eggs Infert No. Eggs Fert $ Fer-. t i l e 38 35 3 32 91.4 39 37 7 . 30 81.1 46 33 4 29 87.9 50 27 4 23 85.2 65 34 6 28 8 I . 7 87 30 1 29 96.7 92 35 3 32 91.4 94 39 14 25 64.1 99 . 38 5 33 86.7 52403 RR S 10651 61 4 57 94.4 53 44 41 3 6.9 55 36 2 34 94.4 62 54 2 52 96.3 65 50 2 48 96.0 69 48 0 48 100.0 78 45 4 41 91.1 79 40 4 36 90.0 80 43 14 29 67.4 89 51 5 46 90.2 91 42 9 33 79.6 94 42 21 21 50.0 99 44 6 38 86.1 No. % % Eggs Hatoha- Hat-Hatched b l l l t y ched 17 53.1 48.8 3 10.0 8.1 9 31-3 27 .2 7 30.4 25.9 11 39.3 32.3 18 62.0 60.0 24 75.0 68.5 7 28.0 15.4 12 36.4 31.5 43 75-4 70.5 0 0 0 22 64.7 61.1 49 94.2 90.7 40 83.3 80.0 24 50.0 50.0 14 34.1 31.1 19 52.8 47.5 10 34.5 23.2 7 15.2 13.7 6 18.1 14.2 4 19.0 9.5 12 31.6 27.2 12 No Wks. . Wgt 16 No Wks. Wgt 20 No Wks. Wgt. 24 No Wks. Wgt. 28 No Wks. Wgt. Fea-ther Meat Grade A B c No. of ID'S Av. Av. Body Sex Wgt. Mat Av.~ Wlnt Prod Av. . Mar .1 Prod. Av. Egg Wgt. No. Cul-led No. D's D. Meat Grade A B Females' C 3 2.6 3 3.3 2 4.2 1 4.9 1 4.7 3 ' 4 , 2 4 .7 4 .8 201 198 47.7-49.0 64.5 55-0 22.8 23.6 1 1 2 1 38 39 5 3.0 4 3.7 1 5 .2 1 6.1 1 6.3 SF 3 2 . 1 : 4 5.3 250 189 46.0 50.5 46.0 63.7 25.5 24.8 1 2 1 .46 50 1 3 .2 1 4.5 1 5.6 1 6.1 1 6.6 SF 1 • 1 4.5 170 72.0 124.0 21.5 1 . 65 8 2.7 7 3.6 6 4.5 4 5*6 3 5.9 SF 5 3 i 9 4.8 188 59.2 88.6 23.9 2 5 2 87 11 2.7 8 3.7 4 4.4 2 4.7 3 5.5 9 2 ; 3 ! '4 5-0 4.3. 193 209 68.6 56.2 86.3 72.7 25.0 23.4 1 2 1 1 1 92 94 3 2.1 3 2.6 1 4 .0 2 1 • 2 5.0 194. 62.0 79.0 23.8 1 1 99 ROP 52403 RR 11 2.4 11 3.3 4 4.5 2 5 .2 ' 7 2 2 j io 4.1 196 49.4 60.6 23.6 1 1 2 2 1 S 10651 53 9 2.5 7 3.2 2 4 .3 7 1 1 1 5 .0 187 52.O 68.0 23.8 2 55 14 2.7 14 3.6 9 4.6 6 6.1 4 6.3 12 2 :20 4.4 180 61.3 80.9 24.5 2 1 5 12 62 17 2.7 15 3.4 13 4 .3 9 5 .0 5 5.7 14 3- . 7 4.6 185 43.9 59.9 23.5 1 3 2 65 7 2.5 6 3.5 2 5 .0 1 5.1 1 5.5 4 3 * 4 | 4.3 179 43.5 59.2 24.5 2 1 1 69 3 2.4 3 3.5 2 4.3 1 5.0 2 1 • : 3 4 .2 200 44.0 50.7 23.6 1 1 1 78 2 1.7 1 2.7 1 1 7 4.1 185 42,8 50.3 24.2 1 1 2 4 1 79 2 2.8 1 3.5 1 5.2 2 ;T 4.0 189 70.0 76.0 23.3 1 80 3 2.6 3 3.6 2 4.7 1 5.3 2 1 89 1 2.0 1 2.6 1 2.7 1 4.3 1 ; 1 233 13.0 13.0 24.0 91 1 3.0 1 4 .0 1 : 1 4.5 193 91.0 96.0 24.5 1 94 3 2.0 2 2.4 2 3.3 1 4.8 1 4.6 2 1 : 1 4.7 237 68.0 68.0 24.0 1 99 PROGENY TEST SUMMARY . O F 1935 BARRED H M t P T H BOfllT : tiBTHKPKRF' , Males No. of D' S Av. Av. Body Sex. Wgt. Mat. Ay. Wint. Prod. Av. Ann. Prod. Av. Egg Wgt, No. Cul' l e d No - D« . D. . Meat s G-rade A B C M 8332 29 6 . 6 200 6 6 . 7 2 2 2 2 3 . 7 7 1 21. 2 . L 8 3 0 7 R 21 6 . 3 196 68.4 223 •2.4.5 3 3 10 5 1 7931 26 6 . 0 181 , 7 5 . 0 228 ,24.2 1 5 , 14 5 M 7883 , 20 6 . 4 1 8 2 67.9 218 2 2 . 7 11 1 14 4 M 8746 10 6 . 3 171 79.6 210 2 3 . 4 . 2 1 7 2 M 8 1 6 2 6 6 . 4 199 6 6 . 6 2 0 3 24.1 1 2 1 1 8 7 0 4 5 6 . 1 201 7 3 . 2 213. 24.4 1 4 l Females ffi 8332 ; ? 2 8 0 0 5 4 6 . 5 206 5 0 . 0 2 3 6 2 3 . 2 2 1 3 11 •6 6 . 3 196 67.6 243 2 3 . 6 3 4 34 2 6 . 1 183 8 2 . 0 241 2 2 . 8 2 49 1 6 . 0 2 4 0 5 7 . 0 1 1 5 0 2 6 . 8 191 5 1 . 0 245 •23-.8 1 77 4 6 . 7 177 7 5 . 2 2 1 9 24.0 4 Q 31288 4 7 . 9 2 2 3 6 0 . 6 . 2 2 5 2 3 . 7 1 4 97 6 6 . 6 2 0 5 63.6 182 2 3 * 8 2 2 L 8 3 0 7 R 26 P 6 6 . 4 186 5 3 . 6 216 2 3 . 8 1 2 2 , 1 29 p 3 6 . 5 182 7 5 . 0 214 2 5 . 8 1 49 p 2 5 - 7 199 7 1 . 0 202 24.0 1 2 Females No of D"i • Av. Av. Body Sex s Wgt .• Mat Av. Av. . Wlnt. Ann. .. Prod. Prod Av. ESS • Wgt. No. Cul-led. No D' D. . Meat a Grade A B C Q 3 1 2 9 9 2 6.1 213 29.0 142 22.3 1 1 315 Q 2 6.7 217 69.0 266 24.2 1 2 346 Q 6 6.3 198 88.5 238 24.7 3 3 M 7931 P 28013 7 6.1 177 78.0 218 . 23.3 3 3 2 68 P 2 6.6 ' 170 102.0 260 25 .1 1 Q 31238 •5.. 5.4 184 72.4 201 24.3 1 1 3 326 Q 1 5.8 235 62.0 2 3 4 25.3 1 349 Q 3 6.3 181 64.5 240 25.1 1 2 367 Q 2 6.0 189 53.0 206 24.7 1 385 Q 6 6.0 176 83.0 240 23.8 M 7883 17 P 3 6.4 163 64.6 224 22.0 1 2 1 54 P 2 6.2 194 48.0 2 1 61 P 1 5.5 172 85.0 1 Q 3 1 2 8 5 10 6.2 187 79.0 216 22.7 7 1 8 2 319 Q 4 7-1 182 67.5 216 23.0 4 \{ 87M-6 Q 31256 1 6,5 181 46.0 1 Q 31266 3 5.8 155 84.0 193 22.8 2 1 Q 31267 1 7.0 200 69.0 • 1 1 331 Q 1 6.8 169 101.0 200 24.7 1 3 3 8 Q. 1 5.8 159 96.0 303 21.8 1 Females No. of D's Av. Av. Body Sex. Wgt. Mat. Av. Wlnt. Prod. Av. Ann. Prod. Av. Egg Wgt. No. Gul-led. No. D' S D. Meat G-rade A B C 353 Q 3 6.3 177 77.3 195 24.3 1 3 M 8162 P 28032 1 6.5 240 . 50.0 221 24.0 1 17 P 3 6.1 188 73.5 212 23.6 1 1 319 Q 1 6.3 186 71.0 185 25.3 334 Q 1 7.0 195 59.0 184 23.9 • 1 M 8704 -R 15813 1 5-5 220 67.0 1 1 R 15827 1 6.4 196 58.0 1 R 15835 2 6.6 211 84.0 209 25.0 2 R 15847 1 5.8 166 73.0 221 23.4 1 PROGENY TEST SUMMARY Males No of D l i . Av. Av. Body Sex. s Wgt. Mat. Av. Wlnt. Prod. Av. Ann. Prod Av. Egg . Wgt. No. Cul-led. No. D's D. Meat Grade A B C M 8 9 2 6 32 6.3 187 53-5 215 24.1 12 2 13 1 3 M 8 5 6 6 43 5.9 1 9 7 61.7 2 3 1 23.0 12 4 14 13 3 M 9 2 3 2 47 6.5 194 . 54.8 213 . 26.4 8 4 11 1 2 1 M 8 2 0 4 45 6.3 199 70.9 2 1 0 26.8 3 4 16 13 3 Females M 8 9 2 6 . L 2 7 8 6 7 3 6.7 170 41.0 2 3 5 25.0 1 1 1 Q 3 1 1 8 7 8 6,5 190 52.5 191 22.8 3 2 2 90 Q 14 6.1 186 56.0 228 24.5 5 1 8 1 9 5 Q 1 .189 50.0 1 165 Q 6 6.3 200 57.0 2 3 8 24.5 2 . 1 2 . i 8 5 6 6 K 2 2 7 6 9 1 7.3 202 67.0 2 3 1 23.6 1 Q 31136 7 6.1 207 64.7 218 25.9 2 1 1 3 1 Q 31145 4 5.8 207 64.7 255 23.6 2 1 1 1 Q 31172 .1 5-5 195 87.O 284 22.9 1 Q 31197 4 6.1 198 69.0 191 22.2 1 1 2 36 Q 7 5.8 181 64.0 229 23.5 2 3 1 38 Q 11 6.1 178 55.0 258 24.1 3 2 4 2 1 155 Q 6 5.7 191 60.0 218 24.2 1 1 2 2 161 Q 2 6.0 200 54.0 206 22.8 1 1 .1 Females No of D* . Av. Av. Body Sex s Wgt. Mat Av. . Wint. . Prod. Av. Ann. Prod Av. Egg . Wgt. No. Gul-led. No. D's D. A Meat : Grade B C M 9 2 3 2 K 2 2 7 8 1 6 6 . 1 192 68.0 2 0 7 24.9 1 1 3 1 : L 2 7 8 3 3 1 7 - 0 204 5 5 . 0 1 1 Q 3 1 1 1 7 14 6 . 2 1 9 2 53.0 210 26.5 2 1 4 7 Q.31122 2 7 . 3 208 65.5 2 3 4 27.8 1 2 Q 31140 7 6.9 1 9 3 27.O 214 2 7 . 1 3 Q 31168 4 6 . 6 239 56.5 164 25.2 2 2 Q 31179 13 6 . 7 199- 54.7 2 2 7 26.5 ' 2 1 M 8204 R 15704 9 6 . 2 212 6 6 . 0 216 2 5 . 7 2 4 2 R 15707 10 6 . 4 193 80.2 224 25.2 1 1 2 5 2 R 15709 8 6 . 8 189 7 0 . 0 193 26.8 •3 5 1 R 15716 4 6 . 3 191 65.0 197 25.7 2 2 R 15719 3 5 . 7 189 60,0 190 26.6 1 1 R 15727 5 5 . 6 186.; 3 8 0 . 8 '235 26.1 _ 3 2 R 15767 6 6 . 7 224 64.0 199 26.8 Paramentei* M .253 1 'i 7 . 0 1 8 4 9 8 , 0 226 2 5 . 0 M 5 2 5 1 7 . 5 212 69.0 2 3 8 2 5 . 0 M • . 5 7 6 1 6 . 5 : 203 62.0 2 3 9 26.2 1 0 3 2 1 7 . 0 2 0 3 1 0 5 . 0 3 0 7 26.9 Treadwell 442 1 6 . 8 188 8 0 . 0 274 26.6 1191 2 7 . 0 ISO 9 4 . 0 210 26.4 1 No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. M«at Females of Body Sex. Wint. Ann. E 6 g Cul- D's Grade Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. led. D. A B O . 2 0 6 7 1 7 . 0 195 6 7 . 0 1 8 4 2 7 . 6 Males PROGENY TEST SUMMARY OF 1 9 3 5 SINGLE GOMB WHITE LEGHORN BREEDERS. No. Av. Av. Av. Av. Av. No. No. Meat of Body Sex. Wint. Ann. Egg Cul- D'*s Grade D's Wgt. Mat. Prod. Prod. Wgt. le d . D» A . B C A 10 C 30 5 . 2 181 6 9 . 3 2 1 7 2 4 . 4 5 1 21 3 M 7 9 1 1 7 2 4 . 7 183 6 5 - 8 215 2 3 . 9 19 7 22 1 2 2 M 8983 1 8 5 . 0 183 6 6 . 7 224 2 4 . 4 5. 4 1 1 1 Females A 10 G • L 300 1 5 . 3 196 7 7 . 0 2 6 2 2 6 . 9 1 P 1 0 3 0 1 4 5 . 5 186 6 7 . 5 197 2 5 . 6 3 1 P 1 0 3 1 3 2 5 . 8 188 7 7 . 5 2 1 2 2 5 . 9 1 1 P 10386 2 5 . 4 1 7 7 ' 6 5 - 0 2 1 8 2 5 . 5 Q 7705 8 4 . 9 179 6 4 . 3 209 2 4 . 3 3 Q 7 7 5 2 1 2 5 . 8 181 7 1 . 4 2 0 4 2 3 . 2 Q 7 7 7 4 1 5 . 3 170 7 1 . 0 221 2 5 - 5 M 9 8 1 1 P 1 0 3 0 2 9. 4 . 9 1 8 4 7 7 . 3 239 2 4 . 3 2 1 2 3 Q 7 7 0 4 1 3 4 . 9 182 7 6 . 8 199 2 3 . 5 3 6 2 Q 7 7 0 7 1 3 4 . 9 180 6 9 . 9 201 2 4 . 0 3 5 2 1 Q 7 7 2 0 8 4 . 6 1 7 4 9 2 . 2 2 3 4 23-7 2 2 1 3 Q 7 7 2 7 1 4 4 . 4 181 5 3 . 3 2 3 1 2 4 . 1 5 2 3 Q 7 7 3 2 8 4 . 9 191 7 1 . 4 2 3 6 2 3 . 1 2 1 3 2 Q 7 7 7 3 6 4 . 8 184 5 4 . 0 191 2 5.I 2 1 2 1 Q 3 7 9 5 1 4 . 5 183 7 1 . 0 196 2 4 . 1 1 4 2 l 10 1 Females No of Dr • Av. Av. Body Sex. s Wgt. Mat. Av. Wint. Prod. Av. Ann. Prod Av. Egg . Wgt. No. Gul-led . No D' D. Meat 8 Grade A B C * M 8983 L 24? 1 5-3 162 76.0 200 23.7 1 249 5 5.4 200 69.5 220 24,3 1 3 1 N 371 1 6.5 2 0 5 74.0 1 1 N 376 3 4.5 189 68.0 181 24.9 1 1 2 N 377 8 4.7 182 62.6 251 24.6 2 3 4 Dixie 26-11 D 1 5.8 201 59.0 196 26.3 1 635 D 1 5.5 184 89.0 260 24.7 1 Kauder f 1 3 3 3 4.4 168 63.6 2 3 3 24.8 1 2 K 2 5 4 1 5.0 156 75.0 220 24,4 1 Verchere 1 619 1 5.5 2 0 3 .71.0 214 26.1 1 _ M 620 1 4.5 4.5 189 1 7 4 68.0 84.0 196 2 5 2 26.1 24.7 M 1619 1 4.5 191 82.0 - 1 1 Q 3767 1 4.3 170 93.0 268 25.5 1 Q 3795 1 5.5 • 183 71.0 196 24.1 1
Thesis/Dissertation
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Agricultural Economics
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Second report on breeding for egg and meat production at the university of British Columbia
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