@prefix vivo: . @prefix edm: . @prefix ns0: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix skos: . vivo:departmentOrSchool "Applied Science, Faculty of"@en, "Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of"@en ; edm:dataProvider "DSpace"@en ; ns0:degreeCampus "UBCV"@en ; dcterms:creator "Abbott, Rebecca Jane"@en ; dcterms:issued "2010-03-17T20:57:52Z"@en, "1980"@en ; vivo:relatedDegree "Master of Science in Planning - MSc (Plan)"@en ; ns0:degreeGrantor "University of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:description "The purpose of this study is to evaluate a commission of inquiry process in British Columbia to determine how successfully it helps elected representatives reflect more accurately their constituents' preferences in the formulation of government policies. It is hypothesized that public participation, as solicited by a commission of inquiry, may serve to transmit a wider range of informed public opinion to decision makers than is otherwise possible. Furthermore, members of the public may provide governments with important information. Hence, it seems worthwhile to assess how well commissions of inquiry facilitate the type of public participation that will help elected representative reflect more accurately their constituents' preferences. In this study, the procedures adopted by the British Columbia Royal Commission of Inquiry into Uranium Mining (RCIUM) are so evaluated. While the analysis is case specific, I make some general recommendations that should be of use to future commissions of inquiry. The criteria used in the evaluation stem from a participatory model of representative government. They reflect, also, the special nature of both the uranium issue and RCIUM's terms of reference (namely, that the RCIUM Commissioners should recommend standards for worker and public safety as a result of uranium exploitation in British Columbia, first examining existing standards and receiving public submissions on these matters). The evaluation framework postulates that RCIUM should design a public participation program that meets the following broad criteria: 1) secures a relevant body of accurate information; 2) informs the public of its findings; 3) elicits public views upon its findings; 4) communicates its findings and the range of informed public views to the final decision makers. Since RCIUM was still in the process of collecting information when the thesis research terminated, only the first two criteria are applied. The most significant RCIUM activities in acquiring a relevant body of accurate information are community and technical hearings. Because of limitations in the general public's ability to participate in the community hearings, RCIUM learned less about local concerns than it might have done. A considerable volume of relevant information is being reviewed at the technical hearings. However, many of the participants at these proceedings are pressed for time and have insufficient funds; hence there are shortcomings in RCIUM's collection and testing of all relevant evidence. Extension of the technical hearings and formation of coalitions between participant groups are recommended as ways of remedying these deficiencies. It is argued that a commission of inquiry, when faced with an issue as controversial as uranium mining, should perform a thorough public education job. Although the RCIUM Commissioners do perceive their role to be partly one of education, little attempt is being made to instill understanding of the issues in the public. Increased use of the media is recommended; for example, periodic, televised discussions between RCIUM participants. As an alternative to the procedures adopted by RCIUM, an approach is outlined that involves the public in the design of the RCIUM process. This approach appears to be fairer than that used by RCIUM; probably, it would serve to transmit a more complete and accurate body of relevant information to the final decision makers than will actually be the case with RCIUM."@en ; edm:aggregatedCHO "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/22039?expand=metadata"@en ; skos:note "AIM EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO URANIUM MINING * by REBECCA JANE ABBOTT i a l C o l l e g e o f S c i e n c e and T e c h n o l o g y University . o f L o n d o n , 197B A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT DF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER DF SCIENCE i n THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ( S c h o o l o f Community and R e g i o n a l P l a n n i n g ) hie a c c e p t t h i s as c o n f o r m i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e d s t a n d a r d THE UNIVERSITY OF B R I T I S H COLUMBIA J u n e , 1980 . F. A. C P . . F . R . S . I C C H A I R M A N J A M E S W . M U R R A Y . P H . D . . F . G . S . E . . F . G . S . A . . F . G . S . V A L T E R R A U D S E P P , P . E N G . E X E C U T I V E S E C R E T A R Y : B R I G . - G E N . E . D. D A N B Y ( R E T I R E D ) May Ik, 1979 C O M M I S S I O N C O U N S E L : R U S S E L L J . A N T H O N Y , B .A . , L L . B . . U L . M. PRELIMINARY RULINGS NO. 1 RULES OF PROCEDURE In f u l f i l l i n g i t s Terms of Reference as o u t l i n e d i n Order i n C o u n c i l No. 170 dated January 18th, 1979, the Royal Commission of Inqu i r y Into Uranium Mining w i l l hold p u b l i c hearings throughout the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia. To ensure maximum p a r t i c i p a t i o n the Commission w i l l gather evidence and re c e i v e p u b l i c comments regarding the matters described i n i t s Terms of Reference by holding p u b l i c hearings, con-s i s t i n g of formal hearings and l o c a l hearings, and by r e c e i v i n g w r i t t e n b r i e f s . 112 A. PROCEDURE FOR LOCAL HEARINGS 1. The Commission w i l l , through the Executive Secretary, advise the various communities l i k e l y to be a f f e c t e d by proposed uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , mining or m i l l i n g i n B r i t i s h Columbia and the major p a r t i c i p a n t s of the l o c a t i o n s and times f o r l o c a l hearings. The dates, l o c a t i o n and time of the commun-i t y p u b l i c hearings m i l l be a d v e r t i s e d through the l o c a l media w e l l i n advance of the hearings. 2. Apart from r u l e s of decorum and courtesy there w i l l be no formal r u l e s governing the l o c a l hearings. Those who have something to say w i l l be asked to come forward and be sworn and then can g i v e t h e i r evidence i n whatever way they are most comfortable. Several persons may make t h e i r present-a t i o n i n a group r a t h e r than i n d i v i d u a l l y i f they so wish. I n d i v i d u a l s presenting d e t a i l e d or t e c h n i c a l evidence are encouraged to f i l e t h e i r presentations w i t h the Commission i n advance. 3. The Commission members w i l l be e n t i t l e d to ask questions of persons making presentations but no one e l s e w i l l be accorded t h i s p r i v i l e g e . I f someone wishes a matter c l a r i f i e d he may request the Commission to seek such c l a r i f i c a t i o n of the person making the pr e s e n t a t i o n or request the at t e n d -ance of such witness at the formal hearings where the e v i -dence can be te s t e d under cross-examination. 113 B. PROCEDURE FOR FORMAL HEARINGS 1. P a r t i c i p a n t s 1.1 Any person who advises the Commission i n w r i t i n g of h i s i n t e n t i o n to appear and gi v e evidence at any formal hearing or who a c t u a l l y appears, g i v e s h i s name and address to the Commission and s t a t e s h i s i n t e n t i o n to give evidence w i l l be deemed a p a r t i c i p a n t . 1.2 The Executive Secretary s h a l l maintain a l i s t of p a r t i -c i p a n t s and the l i s t s h a l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r p u b l i c i n -s p e c t i o n at the Commission's o f f i c e . 1.3 The Commission s h a l l , from time to time, i d e n t i f y c e r -t a i n p a r t i e s as \"major p a r t i c i p a n t s \" i n the proceedings i n the sense that they e i t h e r have i n d i c a t e d an i n t e n t i o n to p a r t i c i p a t e i n the proceedings on a more or l e s s r e g u l a r b a s i s or have been i d e n t i f i e d as possessing information of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t and relevance to the work of the Commission. The p a r t i c i p a t i o n of these major p a r t i c i p a n t s s h a l l be governed by f u r t h e r procedural r u l e s of the Commission. 2. Phasing of Formal Hearings 2.1 The formal hearings s h a l l be d i v i d e d i n t o the f o l l o w i n g phases: 114 Phase I : Overview This phase w i l l c o n s i s t of evidence c a l l e d by Commission Counsel designed to d e a l g e n e r a l l y w i t h the occurrence and geochemistry of uranium and the p h y s i c a l environ-ment of i d e n t i f i e d uranium deposits i n B.C.; des c r i b e e x p l o r a t i o n , mining, m i l l i n g , t r a n s p o r t , and d i s p o s a l techniques and o u t l i n e the j u r i s d i c t i o n and a u t h o r i t y of monitoring and r e g u l a t i n g bodies. The purpose of t h i s Overview i s to present i n f o r m a t i o n of a background and i n t r o d u c t o r y nature and i s designed p r i m a r i l y as a p u b l i c information s e s s i o n . For that reason cross-examination, except f o r questions by the Commissioners themselves, w i l l not be allowed. A l l issues r a i s e d i n the Overview w i l l be reviewed at the appropriate time during the subsequent formal hearings of the Commission and, at th a t time, f u r t h e r evidence and cross-examination w i l l be allowed. A copy of the witnesses' statements s h a l l be c i r c u l a t e d f o r comment before the witnesses appear. This phase of the Inquiry w i l l be held i n Vancouver• Phase I I ; P r o j e c t D e s c r i p t i o n s Included w i l l be a d e s c r i p t i o n of the geology and p h y s i c a l environment at s p e c i f i c s i t e s ; a d e s c r i p t i o n 115 of the present and proposed p r o j e c t development p l a n s , i n c l u d i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n of the design, engineering and c o n s t r u c t i o n techniques proposed and an examination of a l t e r n a t i v e s . Phase I I I : Impact of Uranium E x p l o r a t i o n , Mining and M i l l i n g on the P h y s i c a l and L i v i n g Environment This phase w i l l examine the impact on the environment of each of the major a c t i v i t i e s a s s o ciated with uranium mining - e x p l o r a t i o n , mining, m i l l i n g , p rocessing, t a i l i n g s and wate d i s p o s a l and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ; i d e n t i f y the impacts on the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and t e r r a s p h e r e , i n both the short and long term; review the techniques a v a i l a b l e f o r environmental pro-t e c t i o n , conservation and reclamation and examine the adequacy of environmental monitoring and r e g u l a t i o n . Phase IV: Impact of Uranium E x p l o r a t i o n , Mining and M i l l i n g on the Human Environment This phase w i l l examine the p o t e n t i a l impact on i n d i v -i d u a l s and s o c i e t y at l a r g e of the various aspects of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , mining and m i l l i n g . This w i l l i n c l u d e an i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of hazards to workers, the e f f e c t s on the p u b l i c at l a r g e p a r t i c u l a r l y the com-munities adjacent to uranium s i t e s , an a n a l y s i s of the 116 proposed monitoring and p r o t e c t i v e measures r e s p e c t i n g the human environment and the s o c i a l and economic impact of proposed uranium mining. 2.2 The d i v i s i o n of the formal hearings i n t o phases i s f o r purposes of convenience only. Commission Counsel m i l l i n v i t e p a r t i c i p a n t s to consult w i t h him from time to time to determine whether there should be any f u r t h e r d i v i s i o n s of the hearings w i t h i n each phase, whether a d d i t i o n a l phases are r e q u i r e d or otherwise determine the most e f f i c i e n t and f a i r e s t way to have a l l the rele v a n t evidence presented before the Commission. 2.3 The Commission w i l l determine the place and date f o r the commencement of hearings f o r each of the phases as soon as i t i s i n a p o s i t i o n to do so. A f t e r the date and place f o r a p a r t i c u l a r phase are determined the Executive Secretary w i l l send to each p a r t i c i p a n t a n o t i c e of hearing. In a d d i t i o n , the Executive Sec-r e t a r y w i l l , through the news media, advise the p u b l i c g e n e r a l l y of the commencement date of each phase, the place of hearing and the matters to be considered during such phase. 3. Produetlonadf T Studies.^' 'Repgrts;Jand-uOther; Docum'entsr 3.1 Commission Counsel w i l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r requesting that r e p o r t s and documents of i n t e r e s t to the Commission 117 i n the possession or power of the government of B r i t i s h Columbia, the Federal Government and various boards and agencies, both p r o v i n c i a l and f e d e r a l , are made a v a i l a b l e . To that end, Commission Counsel w i l l com-municate w i t h these v a r i o u s governments and boards and arrange f o r them to provide the Commission with the documents and reports r e q u i r e d . 3.2 A l l of the major p a r t i c i p a n t s and the Commission Counsel s h a l l , no l a t e r than June 15, 1979, f i l e with the Commission and c i r c u l a t e to the other major p a r t i c i -pants a l i s t of the r e p o r t s , s t u d i e s and other docu-ments w i t h i n t h e i r possession or power which are r e -levant to the subject matter before the Commission, i n c l u d i n g those f o r which p r i v i l e g e may be proposed to be claimed. 3.3 Supplementary l i s t s are to be f i l e d from time to time as f u r t h e r r e p o r t s , s t u d i e s or other documents come to the a t t e n t i o n of major p a r t i c i p a n t s . 3.4 Each l i s t of reports s h a l l to the extent p o s s i b l e i d e n t i f y the study, r e p o r t or document by s t a t i n g , (a) the name of the person or persons who made or compiled i t ; (b) The date i t was made or compiled; (c) A b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of the subject matter with which i t i s concerned; 118 (d) Whether the study, report or document i s a v a i l a b l e to the general p u b l i c and, i f i t i s , the name and address of the p u b l i -sher or d i s t r i b u t o r ; The l i s t s h a l l a l s o c o n t a i n the name, address and phone number of the person to be contacted to review the documents l i s t e d . 3.5 The l i s t of documents s h a l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r inspec-t i o n by any p a r t i c i p a n t and, upon n o t i c e to Commis-sio n Counsel and to the major p a r t i c i p a n t f i l i n g the l i s t , any p a r t i c i p a n t may demand production of any document on the l i s t f o r review. 3,6.- Upon.reasonable? notice,being~giveh>to the Commission and to Commission Counsel, any p a r t i c i p a n t may b r i n g before the Commission an a p p l i c a t i o n f o r production of any l i s t e d document i f production has been refused or f o r a f u r t h e r or b e t t e r l i s t of documents. A par-t i c i p a n t may, i n a d d i t i o n , request production of any r e p o r t s , study or document rel e v a n t to the subjet matter before the Commission known to them and i n the possession or power of any of the p a r t i c i p a n t s . 3.7 I f any di s p u t e a r i s e s as to any c l a i m of p r i v i l e g e or c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y made re s p e c t i n g a document, such d i s -pute s h a l l be r e f e r r e d to the Commission f o r a r u l i n g . 119 3,8 For purposes of Rule 3 only ( P r o d u c t i o n of S t u d i e s , Reports and Other Documents) the f o l l o w i n g s h a l l be regarded as major p a r t i c i p a n t s required to f i l e a l i s t of documents: (1) Commission Counsel, on behalf of the Commission s t a f f and Government Departments and Agencies; (2) A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining (3) The A t l i n C o u n c i l (4) Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club (Grand Forks) (5) B r i t i s h Columbia & Yukon Chamber of Mines (6) Canadian C o a l i t i o n f o r Nuclear R e s p o n s i b i l i t y (Kelowna) (7) Canadian K e l v i n Resources L i m i t e d (8) Committee f o r a Clean K e t t l e V a l l e y (9) Consolidated Rexspar M i n e r a l s & Chemicals L t d . (10) E a B E x p l o r a t i o n s L t d . (11) The Greenpeace Foundation (Vancouver) (12) Greenpeace (Okanagan) Foundation (13) Indigenous Peoples of the Western Hemisphere (14) The Kootenay Nuclear Study Group (15) The Mining A s s o c i a t i o n of B r i t i s h Columbia (16) Noranda E x p l o r a t i o n Company L i m i t e d (17) Norcen Energy Resources L i m i t e d (18) P l a c e r Development L t d . (19) PNC E x p l o r a t i o n (Canada) Co. L t d . (20) S h e l l Canada Resources L i m i t e d (21) South Okanagan Environmental C o a l i t i o n (22) Union of B.C. Indian Chi e f s (23) The United Church of Canada - The B r i t i s h Columbia Conference (24) United Fishermen and A l l i e d Workers' Union (25) West Coast Environmental Law Research Foundation (26) Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n - Clearwater (27) Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n - Kamloops (28) Chinook Co n s t r u c t i o n & Engineering L t d . ' (29) Stampede I n t e r n a t i o n a l Resources L t d . (30) S o l a r A l t e r n a t i v e s to Nuclear Energy 120 t*m N o t i c e of Evidence to be Presented 4.1 Every p a r t i c i p a n t before g i v i n g evidence or c a l l i n g witnesses on i t s behalf at the formal hearings s h a l l f i l e w i t h the Commission (5 copies) and c i r c u l a t e to the major p a r t i c i p a n t s and Commission Counsel, at l e a s t two weeks before g i v i n g or c a l l i n g such evidence, a t e x t or f u l l synopsis of that evidence, a t e x t or f u l l synopsis of that evidence together with a l i s t of any r e p o r t s , s t u d i e s or other docu-ments to which the witness may r e f e r or upon which he may r e l y and a b i o g r a p h i c a l note on the witness. 4.2 Where a witness i s c a l l e d by subpoena the p a r t i c i p a n t requesting the subpoena s h a l l comply with Rule 4.1 as much as p o s s i b l e i n d i c a t i n g the i s s u e the witness i s expected to address and h i s q u a l i f i c a t i o n s . 4.3 I f a p a r t i c i p a n t cannot comply with the two week r u l e t h a t w i l l not n e c e s s a r i l y preclude the t a k i n g of evidence of the witness i n question but i t may mean the witness w i l l have to be r e c a l l e d l a t e r f o r cross-examination. 5. Examination of Witnesses 5.1 The p a r t i c i p a n t c a l l i n g a witness s h a l l be permitted to examine him f i r s t . The witness s h a l l then be cross-examined by Commission Counsel and by the other p a r t i c i p a n t s . The p a r t i c i p a n t c a l l i n g the witness s h a l l be e n t i t l e d to re-examine. 121 5.2 The order f o r presenting evidence and cross-exam-i n i n g m i l l be determined by the Commission from time to time as the nature of the evidence r e q u i r e s . G e n e r a l l y , Commission Counsel m i l l lead o f f the cross-examination to be followed by Counsel f o r other major p a r t i c i p a n t s and f i n a l l y by any other p a r t i c i p a n t . 5.3 Witnesses may give evidence i n d i v i d u a l l y or as part of a group or panel t e s t i f y i n g c o n c u r r e n t l y . In the Commission's d i s c r e t i o n , any witness or witnesses may be c a l l e d more than once. 6« Documentary Evidence 6.1 Any study, report or other document r e l i e d upon i n the evidence of any witness s h a l l be f i l e d as an e x h i b i t at the hearing unless the Commission ot h e r -wise d i r e c t s . 6.2 Where ap p r o p r i a t e , the Commission may seek informa-t i o n from p a r t i e s , whether they are p a r t i c i p a n t s or not, by having Commission Counsel communicate with them. The questions posed and the answers received s h a l l then form part of the evidence before the Commission. The Commission may, i n i t s d i s c r e t i o n , r e q u i r e t h a t the person p r o v i d i n g such answers appear at a hearing to v e r i f y h i s evidence and be cross-examined. 122 6.3 Where a p a r t i c i p a n t claims that a study, report or other document, or any part t h e r e o f , i s of a c o n f i d e n t i a l or p r i v i l e g e d nature, the p a r t i c i p a n t s h a l l produce such study, report or other document f o r i n s p e c t i o n by the Commission and the Commission, without d i s c l o s i n g the contents t h e r e o f , s h a l l r u l e upon the c l a i m . 6.4 The Commission may, i n t h e i r d i s c r e t i o n and i f they think i t j u s t and necessary f o r c a r r y i n g out t h e i r Terms of Reference, consider as part of the evidence before them any study, report or document or any part thereof though i t may be r u l e d to be c o n f i d e n t i a l or p r i v i l e g e d . 7. A p p l i c a t i o n s to the Commission 7.1 Subpoenas may be issued by the Commission, at i t s d i s c r e t i o n , upon a p p l i c a t i o n by any p a r t i c i p a n t pro-vided such p a r t i c i p a n t has demonstrated he has attempted to o b t a i n the attendance of the witness or the docu-mentary evidence without success, t h a t a subpoena i s necessary to obtain the witness or document, and that the witness or document i s necessary and r e l e v a n t to the Terms of Reference of the Commission. 7.2 Notice of an a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a subpoena to o b t a i n the attendance of a p a r t i c i p a n t or an employee of or c o n s u l t a n t to a p a r t i c i p a n t or f o r production of a document i n the possession or power of a par-t i c i p a n t s h a l l be given to that p a r t i c i p a n t . 123 7.3 An a p p l i c a t i o n may be made by a p a r t i c i p a n t to the Commission f o r any r e l i e f whatsoever provided i t i s made upon reasonable n o t i c e to the Commission, Com-mission Counsel and the major p a r t i c i p a n t s as w e l l as any other p a r t i c i p a n t s t h a t may be a f f e c t e d . 8. Changes i n These Rules 8.1 The Commission r e t a i n s the power to add t o , a l t e r or modify these r u l e s , to suspend the operation of any or part of them or to r e q u i r e any p a r t i c i p a n t not already bound by them to comply i n whole or i n p a r t , as w e l l as the power to exempt any p a r t i c i p a n t from complying with these r u l e s i n whole or i n p a r t , as the j u s t i c e of the s i t u a t i o n demands. C. RULES RELATING TO WRITTEN BRIEFS 1. The Commission s h a l l at any time accept w r i t t e n b r i e f s from anyone, whether a p a r t i c i p a n t i n the proceedings or not. I f p o s s i b l e , the b r i e f should be t y p e w r i t t e n and f i v e copies provided. 2. The Commission may request that the person or group pre-senting a w r i t t e n b r i e f attend before i t so that the issues r a i s e d i n the w r i t t e n b r i e f may be explored before a p u b l i c hearing. 124 Province of British Columbia A D O R E S S A L L C O R R E S P O N D E N C E T O T H E S E C R E T A R Y ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION URANIUM MINING C O M M I S S I O N E R S : D A V I D V . B A T E S , M - D . f C A N T A B l . F . R . C . P . . J A M E S W . M U R R A Y , P H . D . . F . G . S . E , , F.G.S V A L T E R R A U D S E P P , p , E N G . . C H A I R M A N E X E C U T I V E S E C R E T A R Y : B R I G . - G E N . E . D. D A N B Y ( R E T I R E D ! July 24, 1979 C O M M I S S I O N C O U N S E L : R U S S E L L J . A N T H O N Y , B.A. , L L . B . . L L . M . PRELIMINARY RULINGS NO. 2 - TECHNICAL HEARINGS The following Rulings are supplementary to the Preliminary Rulings No. 1 - Rules of Procedure, issued on May 14th, 1979. 1. Where the words \"formal hearings\" were used they shall be replaced by the words \"technical hearings\". This does not denote any change in the nature of the hearings. 2. Pursuant to Technical Hearing Rule No. 1.3 the following are hereby declared as major participants for the Technical Hearings. From this date these organizations w i l l be regarded as major partic-ipants and, as such, are entitled to receive the f i l e d statements of evidence circulated pursuant to Rule No. 4.1 and otherwise be bound by the Procedural Rules as they apply to major participants. 125 MAJOR PARTICIPANTS LIST (1) B r i t i s h Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines 84D West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6C ICS 681-5328 (2) B r i t i s h Columbia Conference, United Church of Canada 2D0 - 1955 West 4th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. V6J 1M7 A t t : Michael Lewis, Chairman Uranium Working Group (3) B.C. Department of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources c/o Mr. George Cumming, Q.C. Cumming, Richards, U n d e r h i l l , F r a s e r , S k i l l i n g s B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s S u i t e 600 - 900 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6C 1G1 682-3664 (4) B.C. Federation of Labour & United Steelworkers of America 3110 Boundary Road Burnaby, B.C. V5M 4A2 430-1421 A t t n : Mr. David Rice (5) Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of I n d u s t r i a l , Mechanical and A l l i e d Workers (CAIMAW) c/o Sun, Paterson & B r a i l B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s 305 Dominion B u i l d i n g 207 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 669-7311 A t t n : Mr. Craig Paterson (6) Canadian C o a l i t i o n f o r Nuclear R e s p o n s i b i l i t y Kelowna Branch P.O. Box 1093 Kelowna, B.C. V1Y 7P8 764-4949 A t t n : Mr. John Meolaert, Chairman (7) Consolidated Rexspar Minerals and Chemicals L t d . P.O. Box 11575 650 West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 4N7 669-2226 A t t n : Mr. Bruce S w i t z e r (8) Environmental A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining #405 - 2D7 W. Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 688-8361 A t t n : Mr. David G a r r i c k (9) J o i n t Committee - Uranium T e c h n i c a l Hearings c/o Andrew Orkin Box 30 Rock Creek, B.C. VOH 1Y0 446-2392 (10) Kootenay Nuclear Study Group Box 205 Nelson, B.C. V1L 5P9 354-4195 & 359-7618 A t t n : Mr. B r i a n Carpendale (11) Mining A s s o c i a t i o n of B r i t i s h Columbia 480 - 1066 West Hastings S t r e e t P.O. Box 12540 Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3X1 681-8429 A t t n : M i l l e r H. Mason, Counsel (12) Norcen Energy Resources c/o R u s s e l l & DuMoulin B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s 17th F l o o r - 1075 West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3G2 688-3411 A t t n : D.M.M. G o l d i e , Q.C. (13) P l a c e r Development L i m i t e d 700 - 1030 West Georgia St r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3A8 682-7082 A t t n : Mr. Ian M a r s h a l l , Legal Counsel (14) PNC E x p l o r a t i o n (Canada) Co. L t d . 3060 - 650 West Georgia St r e e t Box 11571, Vancouver Centre Vancouver, B.C. V6B 4N8 681-6151 127 (15) Union of B.C. Indian C h i e f s 3rd F l o o r - 440 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1L1 684-0231 A t t n : Rosalee T i z y a , A dministrator (16) Vellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n Box 23 Clearwater, B.C. VQE IND 674-3330 A t t n : Ms. Colleen F o s t e r , Secretary (17) Commission Counsel 1900 - 1D3D West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3E9 689-1811 A t t n : Mr. R u s s e l l J . Anthony P a r t i c i p a n t s e a r l i e r named as major p a r t i c i p a n t s f o r purposes of f i l i n g a l i s t of documents are no longer regarded as major p a r t i c i p a n t s but are r e q u i r e d , i n any event, to f i l e supplementary l i s t s of documents as f u r t h e r documents come i n t o t h e i r possession. 3. Procedural Rule No. 2.1 o u t l i n i n g the phases of the Tech-n i c a l Hearings i s hereby deleted and the f o l l o w i n g phases are e s t a b l i s h e d . A l s o , pursuant to Procedural Rule No. 2.3 the dates and times f o r hearing evidence at each phase w i l l be as set out below. PHASE I - Overview September 25th - 28th, 1979 PHASE I I - E x p l o r a t i o n October 2nd - 5th, 1979 PHASE I I I - Mining October 16th - 19th, 1979 128 PHASE IV - M i l l i n g and Chemical E x t r a c t i o n October 3Dth - November 2nd, 1979 PHASE V - Waste November 13th - 16th, 20th - 23rd, 1979 PHASE VI - Environmental Impact December 4th - 7th, 11th - 14th, 1979 PHASE VII - P u b l i c and Worker Health P r o t e c t i o n January 8th - 11th, 1980 PHASE V I I I - S o c i a l Impact January 22nd - 25th, 1980 PHASE IX - E t h i c a l questions January 22nd - 25th, 1980 PHASE X - J u r i s d i c t i o n , Regulation and Enforcement February 5th - 8th, 1980 Phases I through IX m i l l be held i n Vancouver, B.C., at the Devonshire H o t e l , 849 West Georgia S t r e e t . Phase X m i l l be held i n V i c t o r i a , B.C.. at the Empress H o t e l , 721 Government S t r e e t . A l l sessions m i l l commence at 9:00 a.m. and conclude at 4:00 p.m. each day. P a r t i c i p a n t s may c a l l evidence and cross-examine witnesses c a l l e d by others i n a l l of the ten Phases. 129 Province of British Columbia ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION URANIUM MINING A D D R E S S A L L C O R R E S P O N D E N C E T O T H E S E C R E T A R Y C O M M I S S I O N E R S : D A V I D V . B A T E S . M .D . IC A N T A B 1 . F . R . C . P . . F . R . C . P . I C t . F . A . C . P . . F . R . S . l C l . C H A I R M A N J A M E S W . M U R R A Y , P H . D . . F . G . S . E . , F . G . 5 . A . . F . G . S . V A L T E R R A U D S E P P , P . E N G . E X E C U T I V E S E C R E T A R Y : B R I G . - G E N . E . • . D A N B Y ( R E T I R E D ) September 11, 1979 C O M M I S S I O N C O U N S E L : R U S S E L L J . A N T H O N Y . B .A. . L L . B . . L L . M . PRELIMINARY RULINGS NO. 3 - TECHNICAL HEARINGS The f o l l o w i n g Rulings are amendments to Pr e l i m i n a r y Rulings No. 2, issued on J u l y 2k, 1979. 1. Pursuant to Tec h n i c a l Hearing Rule No. 1.3 the f o l l o w i n g are changes to the l i s t of major p a r t i c i p a n t s : Added to Major P a r t i c i p a n t s B.C. Medical A s s o c i a t i o n West Coast Environmental Law Removed as Major P a r t i c i p a n t s P l a c e r Development Limited Province of British Columbia ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION URANIUM MINING A D D R E S S A L L C O R R E S P O N D E N C E T O T H E S E C R E T A R Y C O M M I S S I O N E R S : D A V I D V. B A T E S . M . D . ( C A N T A B ) . F . R . C . P . . F . n . c . P . ( C > . F . J A M E S W . M U R R A Y , P H . D . , F . G . S . E . . F . G . S . A . , F . G . S . V A L T E R R A U D S E P P , P . E N G . C H A I R M A N E X E C U T I V E S E C R E T A R Y : October 10, B R I G . - G E N . E. D. D A N B Y ( RET IRED ) C O M M I S S I O N C O U N S E L : R U S S E L L J . A N T H O N Y , B . A . , LL.B., L L . M . PRELIMINARY RULINGS NO. k - TECHNICAL HEARINGS The f o l l o w i n g Rulings are amendments to P r e l i m i n a r y Rulings No. 3, issued on September 11, 1979. 1. Pursuant to Tec h n i c a l Hearing Rule No. 1.3 the f a l l o w i n g are changes to the l i s t of major p a r t i c i p a n t s : Added to Major P a r t i c i p a n t s B.C. M i n i s t r y of the Environment B.C. M i n i s t r y of Health Greenpeace Foundation Confederation of Canadian Unions (CCU) i s to be recog-nized as a Major P a r t i c i p a n t i n place of Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of I n d u s t r i a l , Mechanical and A l l i e d Workers (CAIMAW). 131 Province of British Columbia ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION URANIUM MINING A D D R E S S A L L C O R R E S P O N D E N C E T O T H E S E C R E T A R Y C O M M I S S I O N E R S : D A V I D V . B A T E S . M . O . I C A N T A B I , F . R . C . P . . f . R . C P . I C ) , F . A . C . P . . F . R . S . l C l . C H A I R M A N J A M E S W . M U R R A Y , P H . D . . F . G . S . E . , F . G , S . A . , F . G . S . V A L T E R R A U D S E P P , P . E N G . E X E C U T I V E S E C R E T A R Y : B R I G . - G E N . E . D. D A N B Y ( R E T I R E D ) November 21, 1979 C O M M I S S I O N C O U N S E L : R U S S E L L J . A N T H O N Y , B.A. , L L . B . , L L . M . PROCEDURAL RULINGS NO. 5 - TECHNICAL HEARINGS The f o l l o w i n g Rulings are f u r t h e r to P r e l i m i n a r y R u l i n g s No. 1 to 4 f o l l o w i n g the i n i t i a l Rules of Procedure issued May 14th, 1979. (1) Pursuant to Te c h n i c a l Hearing Rule No. 1.3 the Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n (Kamloops) i s added as a Major P a r t i c i p a n t . (2) Pursuant to Tec h n i c a l Hearing Rule No. 1.3 the C o a l i t i o n of Con-cerned C i t i z e n s of the Bulkley-Nechako i s added as a Major P a r t i c i p a n t . Attached i s an updated and re v i s e d L i s t of Major P a r t i c i p a n t s . (3) T e c h n i c a l Hearing Rule No. 2.1 s e t t i n g out the phases of the Tech n i c a l Hearings i s deleted i n i t s e n t i r e t y and the f o l l o w i n g phasing i s s u b s t i t u t e d t h e r e f o r : - Overview - E x p l o r a t i o n Phase I I I - Mining Phase IV - M i l l i n g and Chemical E x t r a c t i o n - Waste Disposal - Environmental Impact - P u b l i c and Worker Health Phase V I I I - S o c i a l Impact Phase IX - E t h i c a l Questions Phase X - J u r i s d i c t i o n , Regulation and Enforcement Phase I Phase I I Phase V Phase VI Phase VII TECHNICAL HEARINGS MAJOR PARTICIPANTS LIST (1) A t l i n Community A s s o c i a t i o n Box 125 651-7648 A t l i n , B.C. VOW 1A0 A t t n : Ms. Ann Wright (2) B r i t i s h Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines 840 West Hastings S t r e e t 681-5328 Vancouver, B.C. V6C 1C8 A t t n : Mr. F.G. Higgs (3) B r i t i s h Columbia Conference, The United Church of Canada c/o Mrs. L o i s Boyce, Secretary 277-4527 Uranium Working Group 8971 Heather S t r e e t Richmond, B.C. V6Y 2R7 (4) B.C. Federation of Labour & United S t e e l u o r k e r s of America 3110 Boundary Road 430-1421 Burnaby, B.C. V5M 4A2 A t t n : Mr. David Rice (5) B.C. Medical A s s o c i a t i o n Academy of Medicine B u i l d i n g 1807 West 10th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. V6J 2A9 A t t n : Dr. E r i c Young 736-5551 (6) B.C. M i n i s t r y of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources c/o Mr. George Cumming, Q.C. 682-3664 Cumming, Richards, U n d e r h i l l , F r a s e r , S k i l l i n g s B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s S u i t e 600 - 900 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6C 1G1 (7) B.C. M i n i s t r y of Environment P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Branch 387-5321 1106 Cook S t r e e t V i c t o r i a , B.C. V8V 1X4 A t t n : Mr. Joe Negraeff Mr. K e l v i n Hicke 133 (8) B.C. M i n i s t r y of Health 828 West 10th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. V5Z 1L8 A t t n : Dr. Wayne Greene (9) Canadian C o a l i t i o n f o r Nuclear R e s p o n s i b i l i t y Kelowna Branch P.O. Box 1093 Kelowna, B.C. V1Y 7P8 874-2331 764-4949 < (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) A t t n : Mr. John Moelaert C o a l i t i o n of Concerned C i t i z e n s of the Bulkley-Nechako Box 61 567-9451 1636 Columbia S t r e e t Vanderhoof, B.C. VOJ 3A0 A t t n : Mr. Bruce Kanary Confederation of Canadian Unions (CCU) c/o Sun, Paterson a B r a i l 669-7311 1400 Dominion B u i l d i n g 207 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1K5 A t t n : Mr. Craig Paterson Consolidated Rexspar Minerals & Chemicals L t d . P.O. Box 11575 669-2226 650 West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 4N7 A t t n : Mr. Bruce S w i t z e r Environmental A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining EAAUM c/o Ms. Del White 688-8361 S u i t e 405 - 207 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 Greenpeace Foundation c/o Environmental A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining 688-8361 S u i t e 405 - 207 West Hastings S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 At t n : Mr. Peter Chataway J o i n t Committee - Uranium Technical Hearings S u i t e 405 - 207 West Hastings S t r e e t 688-8361 Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 At t n : Mr. Ralph T o r r i e Kootenay Nuclear Study Group #2 - 2828 West 6th Avenue 731-3287 Vancouver, B.C. V5M 1R8 At t n : Mr. Jim T e r r a l 134 (17) Mining A s s o c i a t i o n of B r i t i s h Columbia 480 - 1066 West Hastings S t r e e t 681-8429 P.O. Box 12540 Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3X1 A t t n : Mr. M i l l e r H. Mason, Counsel (18) Moreen Energy Resources c/o R u s s e l l & DuMoulin 688-3411 B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s 17th F l o o r - 1075 West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3G2 A t t n : Mr. John B.L. Robertson (19) PiMC E x p l o r a t i o n (Canada) Co. L t d . c/o R u s s e l l & DuMoulin 688-3411 B a r r i s t e r s and S o l i c i t o r s 17th F l o o r - 1075 West Georgia S t r e e t Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3G2 A t t n : Mr. John B.L. Robertson (20) South East Kelowna I r r i g a t i o n D i s t r i c t c/o Robin Luxmoore 763-6011 C i t y H a l l - Engineering Department 1435 Water S t r e e t Kelowna, B.C. V1Y 1J4 (21) Union of B.C. Indian C h i e f s 3rd F l o o r - 440 West Hastings S t r e e t 684-0231 Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1L1 A t t n : Rosalee T i z y a , A d m i n i s t r a t o r (22) West Coast Environmental Law A s s o c i a t i o n #1012 - 207 West Hastings S t r e e t 684-7378 Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1H7 A t t n : Mr. Kim Roberts (23) Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n (Clearwater) c/o Dr. Robert MacKenzie B r o o k f i e l d Medical Centre Clearwater, B.C. V0E 1N0 (24) Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n (Kamloops) c/o Mr. L. I s e r t 578-7537 R.R. #3 4868 Spurraway Road Kamloops, B.C. V2C 5K1 (25) Commission Counsel 1900 - 1030 West Georgia S t r e e t 689-1811 Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3E9 A t t n : Mr. R u s s e l l J . Anthony 135 ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO URANIUM MINING Revised Schedule of Hearings As of November 13, 1979 Devonshire H o t e l , Vancouver 1979 Nov. 13-16; 20-23: Dec. 4-7; 11-14: 1980 Jan. 8-11; 15-16: Jan. 29 - Feb. 1 Feb. 5-8; 12-15: Mar. 4-7; 11-14; 25-28; Apr. 1-3: Apr. 15-18; 22-25; May 27-30: Jun. 3-6: Jun..l?i.20 : i : Jun* 24-27: Phase V: Waste Management Phase V I : Environmental Impact: Ground-water, Surface Water, B i o l o g i c a l Pathways. Phase V I I : P u b l i c and Worker Health Continuation of Phases: I I - E x p l o r a t i o n ; I l l - M i n i n g ; I V - M i l l i n g ; V-Waste Management Phase VI: Environmental Impact: B i o l o g i c a l Pathways, Atmosphere, Decommissioning, Reclamation, Long Term C o n t r o l , Emergency Measures Phase V I I : P u b l i c and Worker Health Phase V I I I : S o c i a l Impact Phase IX: E t h i c a l Questions Phase X: J u r i s d i c t i o n , Regulation and Enforcement Community hearings w i l l be rescheduled to September and October, 1980. APPENDIX 2 The Commission s t a f f and t h e i r a d v i s o r s : r o l e s and r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s 137 FIGURE 1 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMISSIONERS, COMMISSION STAFF AND THEIR ADVISORS Commissioners Commission counsel Techn i c a l s t a f f : Research coordinators L i b r a r i a n , T r a n s c r i p t indexers T e c h n i c a l a d v i s o r s -) A d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t a f f : Executive s e c r e t a r y , Adminis-t r a t i v e a s s i s t a n t , Senior a d m i n i s t r a t o r , C l e r i c a l workers Commission counsel 1. Senior Commission counsel: Mr. R u s s e l l Anthony, whose r o l e i t i s : (a) to advise RCIUM on procedural matters and any other \" l e g a l i s s u e s \" j ;£b) to set up and s t r u c t u r e the t e c h n i c a l hearings i n con-j u n c t i o n w i t h the Commissioners; ( c ) to meet w i t h RCIUM p a r t i c i p a n t s to schedule witnesses f o r the t e c h n i c a l hearings; (d) to work with the T e c h n i c a l Advisory Group to i d e n t i f y problems and RCIUM witnesses; (e) to arrange to have RCIUM witnesses attend; ( f ) to attend t e c h -n i c a l hearings to cross-examine witnesses; and (g) to help w r i t e and review the f i n a l r e p o r t (Anthony 1979a, i n t e r v i e w ) . Mr. Anthony r e -presented a p u b l i c i n t e r e s t group (Canadian A r c t i c Resources Committee) before the Mackenzie V a l l e y P i p e l i n e I n q u i r y , appeared f o r the p r o v i n c i a l F i s h and W i l d l i f e Branch i n the Revelstoke hearings, and was Commission counsel f o r the West Coast O i l P o r t s I n q u i r y . 2. Associate Commission counsel: Mr. Gary Letcher, whose r o l e i t i s to a s s i s t Mr. Anthony. Mr. Letcher attends c e r t a i n phases of the t e c h n i c a l hearings i n the place of Mr. Anthony. 136 T e c h n i c a l s t a f f 1. Research c o o r d i n a t o r s : uihose r o l e i t i s to a s s i s t RCIUM i n : (a) the s t r u c t u r i n g of the t e c h n i c a l hearings; (b) the d e f i n i t i o n of the t e c h n i c a l questions that must be addressed by RCIUM; (c) the t e s t i n g of the evidence i n the t e c h n i c a l hearings; (d) the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , h i r i n g and o r g a n i z a t i o n of RCIUM witnesses; (e) the w r i t i n g .of the f i n a l r e p o r t . The three research c o o r d i n a t o r s are: (1) Mr. R.A. Hodge who has a background i n engin-eering geology and groundwater; (2) Mr. R. Cu l b e r t who has a background i n c i v i l engineering and works f o r a c o n s u l t i n g f i r m (Talisman P r o j e c t s ) i n Vancouver; (3) Ms. J . L e x i e r who has a background i n geo-l o g i c a l engineering. 2. L i b r a r i a n : Miss K e l t i e M c C a l l . 3. T r a n s c r i p t indexers: Ms. M a r i l y n Kansky and Ms. Karin Hanstantynowicz. Technical Advisors The r o l e of the t e c h n i c a l advisors i s to give t e c h n i c a l advice to the research c o o r d i n a t o r s . The s p e c i f i c r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s and backgrounds of the 11 t e c h n i c a l a d v i s o r s are as f o l l o w s : Dr. B. Morrison: low l e v e l r a d i a t i o n exposure. Dr. Morrison i s a s t a t i s t i c i a n w i t h a background i n cancer research. She i s a medical doctor and works i n the F a c u l t y of Medicine at UBC. Mr. Frank Everard: m i l l i n g of uranium. Mr. Everard has a background i n m i l l i n g and metallurgy and has h i s own c o n s u l t i n g f i r m i n Toronto. Dr. Pervez Umar: mining of uranium. Dr. Umar i s a mining engineer and has h i s own c o n s u l t i n g f i r m i n Toronto. Dr. Lloyd Skarsgard: e f f e c t s on healt h of uranium e x p l o i t a t i o n . Dr. Skarsgard has a medical background. Dr. J . M i l l e r : e f f e c t s on health of uranium e x p l o i t -a t i o n . Dr. M i l l e r has a background i n medical g e n e t i c s . 139 Mr. CO. Brawner: e s t a b l i s h e d Golder f i r m , and r e c e n t l y at UBC. uranium mine waste d i s p o s a l . Mr. Brawner A s s o c i a t e s , a geochemical engineering entered the Mining Engineering Department Dr. UI.K. F l e t c h e r : geochemistry of uranium. Dr. F l e t c h e r i s a geochemist i n the Department of G e o l o g i c a l Sciences at UBC. Dr. Ul.H. Matthews: p h y s i c a l environmental s t u d i e s and impact of uranium on the n a t u r a l environment. Dr. Matthews has a background i n engineering geology, ground-water and environ-mental s t u d i e s ; he works i n the Department of G e o l o g i c a l Sciences at UBC. Dr. A.J. S i n c l a i r : geology and mineralogy of uranium deposits i n B r i t i s h Columbia. Dr. S i n c l a i r i s a g e o l o g i c a l engineer : w i t h a background i n m i n e r a l deposits and g e o s t a t i s t i c s . He works i n the Department of G e o l o g i c a l Sciences at UBC. Mr. C T . H a t f i e l d and Mr. J . V i l l a m e r e of H a t f i e l d Consultants L i m i t e d . This company, which s p e c i a l i z e s i n environmental and p o l l u t i o n management, a s s i s t s i n the cross-examination of various witnesses i n Phases I-VI of the t e c h n i c a l hearings. Dr. Arthur S c o t t : r a d i o l o g i c a l aspects of uranium e x p l o i t a t i o n . Dr. Scott has a background i n nuclear physics and has h i s own c o n s u l t i n g f i r m i n Toronto. In a d d i t i o n , RCIUM has a community r e l a t i o n s ' c o n s u l t a n t , Ms. Sonia S t a i r s . Ms. S t a i r s i s : \" h a l f s t a f f , h a l f a d v i s o r \" (Hodge 19B0d, i n t e r -v iew). While her r o l e i n the community hearings i s to intervene between the community p a r t i c i p a n t s and RCIUM, and to thereby keep the p a r t i c i p a n t s informed of RCIUM's a c t i v i t i e s ( S t a i r s 1979a, i n t e r v i e w ) , her r o l e i n the t e c h n i c a l hearings i s : (a) to a s s i s t community p a r t i c i p a n t s through o r i e n -t a t i o n to both the procedure and the i n f o r m a t i o n ; (b) to a d v i s e , to some extent, on the dissemination of appropriate and u s e f u l information to the communities ( S t a i r s 1979b, i n t e r v i e w ) . Ms. S t a i r s , as a member of the S e c r e t a r i a t of the Canadian Council of Resources and Environment M i n i s t e r s , undertook the conceptual design and i n i t i a l planning of the Man and Re-source Conference Program. She a l s o helped s e t up the Community R e l a t i o n s Department and the inter-departmental work groups of the B r i t i s h Columbia Hydro and Power A u t h o r i t y . IkO A d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t a f f 1. Executive s e c r e t a r y : B r i g a d i e r General E.D. Danby ( r e t i r e d ) , whose r o l e i t i s : (a) to act as the Commissioner of Baths; (b) to take r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the e x h i b i t s ; ( c ) to contact p a r t i c i p a n t s , c e r t a i n other o r g a n i z a t i o n s and expert witnesses to arrange f o r t h e i r appearance at a s u i t a b l e time and pl a c e ; and (d) to supervise the a c t i v i t i e s of the r e s t of the s t a f f . In Dr. Bates' words: \" B r i g a d i e r General Danby . . . . i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o r g a n i z i n g the work D f the Commnssion so th a t i t i s done e f f i c i e n t l y and done w e l l . \" (TP, 1, p. 5 ) . B r i g a d i e r General Danby has been r e -spo n s i b l e f o r the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of numerous commissions and i n q u i r i e s , i n c l u d i n g the Royal Commission of I n q u i r y on Property Assessment and Taxation. 2. A d m i n i s t r a t i v e a s s i s t a n t : Mr. John Erb, whose r o l e i t i s to a s s i s t General Danby during the p u b l i c s e s s i o n s . In General Danby's absence, Mr. Erb a c t s as the Commissioner of Oaths. 3. Senior a d m i n i s t r a t o r : Mrs. Lorae C h a r l t e n , an a d m i n i s t r a t o r , personnel manageress and co o r d i n a t o r of in f o r m a t i o n flow i n the RCIUM o f f i c e . <+. C l e r i c a l workers. APPENDIX 3 L i s t of witnesses: community hearings 142 Kelowna - June 5 and 6 P r e s e n t a t i o n s P l a c e r Development L t d . PNC E x p l o r a t i o n (Canada) Co. L t d . Norcen Energy Resources L t d . Vernon Branch of SPEC ver b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n South Okanagan Environmental C o a l i t i o n Greenpeace (Okanagan) Foundation v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n B r i t i s h Columbia Conference -The United Church of Canada Inter-Church Committee Anglican Church South and East Kelowna Okanagan Mi s s i o n L o c a l of the B.C. F r u i t Growers A s s o c i a t i o n South East Kelowna I r r i g a t i o n D i s t r i c t Canadian C o a l i t i o n f o r Nuclear R e s p o n s i b i l i t y - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n S t . Paul's United Church - Kelowna c e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n of Machineists - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Kelowna Chapter of Registered Nurses Assoc. of B.C. v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Witnesses Mr. D. Howard Mr. UJ. Bulmer, Mr. B. J e n k i n s , Mr. M. Suginohara Mr. Ui.A. Loucks, Mr. D.A. Sawyer, Mr. J . N e v i l l e , Mr. P.G. Sagert Ms. L. Warrington Mr. J . B e a t t i e , Mr. J . Lewis, Mr. J.W. Warnock, Mr. C. Johnson Mr. P. Chataway Dr. T.R. Anderson Mrs. D. B u r n s t i l l Mr. M. I r w i n Mr. R. Luxmoore Mr. J . Moelaert Mr. J . Oakes Mr. A.E. B e a u l i e r Rev. S.W. Rowles Mrs. C. F l e t c h e r 143 South Okanagan Similkameen Union Board of Health Canadian P u b l i c Health A s s o c i a t i o n Personal Holy S p i r i t P a r i s h I n t e r n a t i o n a l Hostess S e r v i c e v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n S i e r r a Club of Western Canada Okanagan Group Union of B.C. Indian C h i e f s v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Summerland United Church - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Kelowna Business and P r o f e s s i o n a l Women's Club - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Personal Personal - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Dr. D.A. Clarke Ms. E. C l a r k e Mr. W. McGrath Mr. W. Gilmour Rev. J . Smith Mrs. J.R. Donati Ms. K. Madsen Miss L. B a s i l , Mr. J . Rogers Mr. W.A. Gray Ms. L. Reinertson Ms. M. Fedison Mr. F. Snouisell Mr. D. Cursons Mr. A. Proudfoot Clearwater - June B and 9 Consolidated Rexspar M i n e r a l s & Chemicals L t d . B.C. Medical A s s o c i a t i o n Personal Upper North Thompson Liv e s t o c k A s s o c i a t i o n B.C. Federation of Labour and United Steelworkers of America Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n - Clearwater Mr. B. S w i t z e r , Mr. J . M i t c h e l l Mr. J . Kerr Dr. R.F. Woollard Dr. R.F. Woollard Mr. W.H. Sedgewick Mr. K. Graham, Mr. E. S t e e l e Dr. R.E. MacKenzie North Thompson Chapter of Registered Nurses A s s o c i a t i o n of B.C. Ms. H. MacKenzie Clearwater Secondary School Students' C o u n c i l - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Ms. G. Watson Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. L.W. Sakals Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. G. Brigg s Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n S i s t e r Regina Jacek Personal Mrs. J . N i s t o r Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. UJ. MacLennan Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Ms. H. MacLennan Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. K.D. Simmerling Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Dr. R.E. MacKenzie Personal - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Mr. and Mrs. Voysey Personal - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Mr. D. Boudreau Personal Dr. C. Lam Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. G. Blidook Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. L. Bishop Personal Mr. R. Jackson Kamloops - June 11 Pres e n t a t i o n s Witnesses Consolidated Rexspar M i n e r a l s & Chemicals L t d . Mr. Mr. B. J . S w i t z e r , Mr. Kerr Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l Assoc. Kamloops Mr. L. I s e r t , Mr. J, North Shuswap Environmental Mr. D. Charlton Committee Canadian Union of P u b l i c Employees, L o c a l 90D Mr. B. Ferguson Ms. M. Bentley B e a v e r d e l l Concerned C i t i z e n s Committee f o r a Clean K e t t l e V a l l e y Diocese of Kootenay, A n g l i c a n Church Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n H y d r o l o g i c a l Map - Norcen Property B r i t i s h Columbia Conference United Church of Canada Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Rock Creek Women's I n s t i t u t e v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. C. H o l l y Mr. li). Poole Rev. T. Mumford Mr. R. Rexin Mr. A.J. Drkin Mr. F. Cromwell Mr. J . N e v i l l e Mr. D.A. Sawyer Dr. E.G. M i l l e r Dr. C. L e v i t t Ms. S. S t a i r s demons Mrs. N. McGarvie Mr. G. Dihm Ms. L. Taylor Ms. M. Cannon Grand Forks - June 2D and 21 Presentations Chinook C o n s t r u c t i o n & Engineering L i m i t e d R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n S e r v i c e , M i n i s t r y of Health, Government of B.C.. Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club Personal Committee f o r a Clean K e t t l e V a l l e y v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Witnesses Mr. T. Schorn Dr. W. Greene Dr. L. Olsen Mr. B. Bloom Mr. D. White Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. J . K e l l y 146 Personal - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Mount Paul United Church Thompson-Nicola Regional D i s t r i c t V erbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Kamloops Medical Society v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n H o s p i t a l Employees Union, L o c a l ISO Personal Personal Personal B.C. Honey Producers' A s s o c i a t i o n v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Personal PROBE - BRITISH COLUMBIA C i t y of Kamloops - read i n t o the record by Dr. D.V. Bates Personal - read i n t o the record by B r i g . Gen. E.D. Danby Kamloops and D i s t r i c t Labour Council v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. K.M. W y l l i e Ms. C. Foster Rev. P. Rolston Mr. K. Simmerling Ms. J . Lee Dr. C L . Webster Mr. H.A. Theobald Mr. L.P. Jensen Mr. J.R. Kerr Mr. L. I s e r t Mr. A.E. Hooper Mr. P. Jones Mr. P. Bamford Mr. D. E l l s a y Mayor R.M. L a t t a Ms. B.M.A. Wheatcroft Mr. D. MacPherson Mrs. J . Jensen Rock Creek - June 18 and 19 Prese n t a t i o n s Witnesses PNC E x p l o r a t i o n (Canada) Co. Ltd, Norcen Energy Resources L t d . K e t t l e R i v e r Stockmen's Assn. Mr. W. Bulmer Mr. J . N e v i l l e Mr. D.A. Sawyer Mr. W.H. P r i c e , Mr. J . Eek'; Mrs. D. Bubar Personal Mr. D. Planedin Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club Mr. P. T c h i r USCC Union of Youth (Union of S p i r i t u a l Communities of C h r i s t ) Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Union of S p i r i t u a l Communities of C h r i s t Ms. L . P l o t n i k o f f Mr. N. Reynolds Mr. S. B a s t i e n Mr. 111. Kootnekoff Personal Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Ladies O r g a n i z a t i o n of the USCC ver b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Union of S p i r i t u a l Communities of C h r i s t Committee f o r J u s t i c e and Human Rights - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. R. Anthony Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. R. Anthony Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club - v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. J . Carson Mr. K. Ga r r i s o n Mrs. M. Fofonoff Mrs. I . M a l l o f f Dr. R. Walton Mr. D. Campbell Dr. E. Rice C a s t l e g a r - June 21 and 22 Prese n t a t i o n s Witnesses Stampede I n t e r n a t i o n a l Co. Mr. E. Amendolagine Kootenay Presbytery of the Rev. C. MacGuire United Church of Canada R e l i g i o u s S o c i e t y of Friends -Argenta Mr. N. P o l s t e r Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Slocan V a l l e y Resource So c i e t y Genelle Concerned C i t i z e n s Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n T r i n i t y United Church Women of Creston Personal Personal Personal Personal Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. R. Banner Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Personal Personal Personal C i t y of C a s t l e g a r Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Mr. R. B r i s c o , MP f o r Nelson/West Arm Mr. E. Clough Ms. C. Gaskin Mrs. S. Lamare Mr. T. MacKenzie Mr. H. McGregor Ms. D. Moore Mrs. L.B. Beduz Mr. 3. T e r r a l Mr. D. Jack Mr. B. Carpendale Ms. Joan Renold Mr. Ul. Schwartz Ms. Penny Bonnett Ms. B.N. Daniel Rev. T. Bristow Mr. E. Taylor Mr. D. P i e r c e Mr. G. Rutley Mr. Ul. Niemann Mr. R. Banner Alderman B. Godderis Mr. R. P l o s s Mr. K. Tucker Williams Lake - June 26 Presentations Personal Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. G. Letcher Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. G. Letcher Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Troopers of W i l l i a m s Lake ve r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Troopers of W i l l i a m s Lake ve r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Greenpeace Foundation v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Witnesses Alderman M.M. H a l l a u r Mr. E. Sager Mr. G. E i c h e l Mr. R. Woods Mr. D. Diether Ms. L. Enquist Mr. R. Marining Rev. P. Davis Mr. G. Rainey Vanderhoof - June 27 P r e s e n t a t i o n s B.C. C o u n c i l , Confederation of Canadian Unions Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Smithers Conservative Centre Vanderhoof Environmental Society CAIMAW, L o c a l 10 ver b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Nechako V a l l e y Regional Cattlemen's A s s o c i a t i o n Stuart Trembleur Indian Band Witnesses Mr. G. S c h l e s i n g e r Mr. A. P a t r i c k Ms. L. P r i c e Mr. B. Kanary Mr. J . B e l l Mr. D. Weaver Mr. C. Gregg F o r t Nelson - J u l y 3 No formal presentations A t l i n - J u l y k P r e s e n t a t i o n s Serapheim Engineering v e r b a l presentation P l a c e r Development ve r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n D.G. Leighton & Associates v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n Department of Energy, Mines & Resources Government of Canada v e r b a l p r e s e n t a t i o n B.C. Energy C o a l i t i o n A t l i n Community A s s o c i a t i o n B.C. Conference, United Church of Canada A t l i n Community A s s o c i a t i o n v e r b a l presentation Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. Ul. S p i r a Verbal p r e s e n t a t i o n Personal - read i n t o the record by Ms. M. Ripple A t l i n D i s t r i c t Board of Trade -read i n t o the record by Mr. Anthony Personal - read i n t o the record by Mr. Anthony Witnesses Mr. T. L y l e Mr. S. Tennant Mr. J . Wallace Mr. D. Culb e r t Mr. B. B a l l a n t y n e Mr. D. Dobyns Mr. W. Merry Mrs. L. Boyce Ms. A. Wright Mr. J . Davidson Mr. L. V e r l i n d e n Mrs. J . S p i r a Mr. A. P a s s e r e l l , MLA f o r A t l i n Mr. B. Johnson Mr. J . F u l t o n , MP f o r Skeena Mr. H. Loken Mr. R. Yorke-Hardy APPENDIX 4 V i s i t s to uranium mines and deposits 152 A. V/ i s i t s t D Uranium Mines 1-11 APRIL, LIMOGES, FRANCE Beny open p i t mine Fanay underground mine Health p r o t e c t i o n l a b o r a t o r y F i l l e d i n , revegetated p i t mine Bessines m i l l Bessines t a i l i n g s pond with surface l e a c h i n g pipes Dr. Chameaud's experiments on r a t s exposed to radon gas 8-9 MAY, ELLIOT LAKE, ONTARIO Quirke Lake barium treatment pl a n t Quirke t a i l i n g s d i s p o s a l Quirke s i t e , r e v e g e t a t i o n experiment Quirke Lake t a i l i n g s - dry and wind blown Quirke Lake t a i l i n g s dam with experiment water treatment pl a n t Nordic t a i l i n g s , g i v i n g a c i d Quirke Lake s e t t l i n g ponds below t a i l i n g s Ik MAY, MIDNITE MINE, WASHINGTON Mid n i t e mine open p i t Newly constructed pond to contain seepage from p i t Seepage waters from open p i t T a i l i n g s pond with saw m i l l waste being used to cover t a i l i n g s Dyke at open p i t M i l l t a i l i n g s wind blown m a t e r i a l Open p i t o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s Seepage from p i t : r a d i o a c t i v e calcium sulphate (?) white p r e c i p i t a t e 153 15 MAY, SHERWOOD MIME, WASHINGTON Sherwood mine open p i t Sherwood mine m i l l R e servoir below open p i t Berns to prevent water washing down to the r e s e r v o i r Ore b i n Barium sulphate (BaSO^) s e t t l i n g pond f o r heating e f f l u e n t T a i l i n g s pond Seepage from BaSO^ treatment pond going underground Seepage from BaSO^ p r e c i p i t a t i o n pond re-emerging i n g u l l y above main highway 17 MAY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH V i t r o p l a n t , S a l t Lake C i t y t a i l i n g s p i l e S a l t Lake C i t y V i t r o s i t e Farming adjacent to V i t r o s i t e V i t r o p l a n t , p a r t l y revegetated B. V i s i t s to Uranium Deposits k June - B l i z z a r d , Fuko, L a s s i e Lake, Donen and Hy d r a u l i c Lake deposits i n the east Okanagan of c e n t r a l B r i t i s h Columbia B June - B i r c h I s l a n d d e p o s i t on the south slope of the North Thompson V a l l e y , 100 km. north of Kamloops 19 June - B e a v e r d e l l d e p o s i t , south-east of Kelowna 20 June - Boundary d e p o s i t , near Grand Forks 21 June - China Creek d e p o s i t , near C a s t l e g a r 27 June - Nechako River d e p o s i t , near Vanderhoof 5 J u l y - S u r p r i s e Lake and Ruby Creek d e p o s i t s , northeast of A t l i n (Commission s t a f f t i m e t a b l e , June-July 1979). APPENDIX 5 F i r s t Interim Report on Uranium E x p l o r a t i o n 155 ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO URANIUM MINING PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA FIRST INTERIM REPORT ON URANIUM EXPLORATION August 15, 1979. I . INTRODUCTION 1. The Commissioners have now v i s i t e d the major s i t e s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n i n the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia, and have completed a pr e l i m i n a r y evaluation of the r i s k s to the environment and to the p u b l i c which these a c t i v i t i e s might cause. We have come to the p o s i t i o n that the present methods of c o n t r o l of e x p l o r a t i o n f a r uranium are not yet adequate to ensure proper p r o t e c t i o n Df the p u b l i c and the environment, having at t h i s time i n mind the e x i s t i n g r a d i a t i o n standards set by the Federal and P r o v i n c i a l a u t h o r i t i e s . 2. The purpose of t h i s FIRST INTERIM REPORT i s to d e t a i l t h i s evalu-a t i o n and to recommend changes i n the e x i s t i n g r e g u l a t i o n s and enforce-ment procedures. We wish to s t r e s s that our present conclusions and recommendations are only p r e l i m i n a r y , and may.be modified or expanded a f t e r we have heard the evidence presented to us at the Hearings due to be held i n the F a l l of 1979 and Spring of I960. I I . QUESTION OF A TOTAL MORATORIUM ON EXPLORATION 3. To date, our c o n s i d e r a t i o n Df uranium e x p l o r a t i o n has been l i m i t e d to a study of i t s impact on the environment, and of p o s s i b l e h e a l t h hazards to e x p l o r a t i o n crews and to the p u b l i c . 4. The P u b l i c Hearings we have conducted so f a r have i n d i c a t e d to us that some members of the p u b l i c b e l i e v e that there are e t h i c a l grounds which are s t r o n g l y h e l d , f o r a t o t a l p r o h i b i t i o n of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . We have planned s p e c i f i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n of these e t h i c a l questions e a r l y i n 1980 and wish to make i t c l e a r that the recommendations i n t h i s Report are those which we f e e l to be necessary at t h i s p o i n t of time, viewed from the standpoint of p u b l i c and environmental p r o t e c t i o n . We are not yet prepared to i n d i c a t e our p o s i t i o n on the e t h i c a l questions which are inv o l v e d , though we a n t i c i p a t e making a comment on t h i s aspect of the questions we have been asked to consider when our F i n a l Report i s submitted. 5. I t may be argued by some that our u n w i l l i n g n e s s at t h i s p o i n t to recommend a t o t a l ban on e x p l o r a t i o n f o r uranium represents a t a c i t con-sent to the e x t r a c t i o n of any ore found, and i t s l a t e r u t i l i z a t i o n f o r nuclear energy; t h i s does not f o l l o w . I I I . ADDITIONAL REASONS FOR INTERIM REPORT 6. The Atomic Energy Con t r o l Board of Canada has r e c e n t l y i n d i c a t e d that i n the f u t u r e i t w i l l not be l i c e n s i n g uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , unless t h i s i n v o l v e s removal of more than ten kilograms of uranium or thorium from 156 any one deposit i n any one calendar year. (See Appendix I ) . In our view t h i s makes i t necessary f o r the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia to accept the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to l i c e n s e uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , and i t i s now e s s e n t i a l that the P r o v i n c i a l Government should move e x p e d i t i o u s l y to c o n t r o l t h i s a c t i v i t y . 7. A f u r t h e r reason f o r submitting t h i s Interim Report i s that we have been made aware i n p u b l i c testimony of some hardship, f o r example, extra c o s t s to i n d i v i d u a l prospectors, c u r r e n t l y being caused by un-c e r t a i n t y concerning f u t u r e p o l i c y i n the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia i n r e l a t i o n t o uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . IV. SPECIAL HAZARDS FROM URANIUM EXPLORATION ACTIVITY 8. I t has become c l e a r to us that the P r o v i n c i a l Regulations con-t r o l l i n g e x p l o r a t i o n were o r i g i n a l l y d r a f t e d with a view to general coal and mineral e x p l o r a t i o n and were not concerned with the p o s s i b l e s p e c i a l hazards associated with uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . 9. Uranium e x p l o r a t i o n raises' p a r t i c u l a r problems from three points of view. F i r s t l y , the p o s s i b i l i t y of contamination of water by m a t e r i a l released as a r e s u l t of e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t y ; secondly, the p o s s i b i l i t y of radon gas and i t s daughters being emitted from exposed r a d i o a c t i v e sources; and t h i r d l y , the importance of some s p e c i a l p r o t e c t i o n methods needed f o r employees. 10. An examination of the main s i t e s of e x p l o r a t i o n f o r uranium i n B r i t i s h Columbia re v e a l s that the p o s s i b l e hazards occasioned by t h i s a c t i v i t y vary g r e a t l y i n d i f f e r e n t l o c a t i o n s , p a r t l y because the n a t u r a l l e v e l s of r a d i o a c t i v i t y are d i f f e r e n t , but more p a r t i c u l a r l y be-cause the l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s are f a r from uniform. We wish to s t r e s s that some of the p u b l i c f e a r s expressed to us i n testimony i n r e l a t i o n s to the p o s s i b l e hazards r e s u l t i n g from d r i l l i n g f o r uranium do not, i n our op i n i o n , c o n s t i t u t e a s i g n i f i c a n t r i s k . Some members of the p u b l i c have been l e d to b e l i e v e that a s i n g l e d r i l l hole some miles from the nearest h a b i t a t i o n could present a hazard by v i r t u e of the leakage i n t o the general- atmosphere of gas containing radon and i t s daughters. Such a p o s s i b i l i t y i s unsupported by data, and the physics of gas d i s p e r s i o n and d i l u t i o n make i t exceedingly u n l i k e l y that any enhanced r i s k could r e s u l t from such l i m i t e d e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t y . However, a more extensive program i n c l u d i n g l a r g e numbers of d r i l l holes i n a known r a d i o a c t i v e d e p o s i t , could pose a hazard to nearby h a b i t a t i o n unless these holes were promptly c l o s e d . 11. A p o t e n t i a l hazard, i n our o p i n i o n , i s that d r i l l holes w i l l d i s r u p t the patter n of groundwater flow causing a compositional change i n the water and leading to contamination of a water supply p r e v i o u s l y unaffected. The p o s s i b i l i t y of increased uranium content, or the i n t r o -duction of other c o n s t i t u e n t s such as radium 226 or t o x i c heavy metals associated with uranium d e p o s i t s , makes the problem p a r t i c u l a r l y d i f f i -c u l t . The contaminated water might be used f o r p u b l i c d r i n k i n g purposes, or i r r i g a t i o n , or f o r the watering of l i v e s t o c k . 157 V. PRESENT SITUATION 12. hie have noted examples where the hazards of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n are i l l u s t r a t e d . At the B/D deposit of Consolidated Rexspar Mines ( B i r c h I s l a n d ) , broken r a d i o a c t i v e rock i s d i s t r i b u t e d downwards i n t o Foghorn Creek. At China Creek near C a s t l e g a r , there i s a p o s s i b i l i t y of contamination of the creek which s u p p l i e s the water to the l o c a l p o pulation of Genelle from e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t y on both sides of the creek. Southeast of Kelowna i n the H y d r a u l i c Lake area the problem i s that of p o s s i b l e f u t u r e waterborne r a d i o n u c l i d e or uranium a f f e c t i n g the Southeast Kelowna I r r i g a t i o n D i s t r i c t . Another problem e x i s t s at Eneas Creek west of Summerland, where uranium i n the creek water at the present time appears to be n a t u r a l l y i n excess of the proposed p u b l i c d r i n k i n g water standard (20 ppb uranium). A recent i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of e x p l o r a t i o n and d r i l l i n g i n t h i s area might have the e f f e c t of f u r t h e r i n c r e a s i n g the uranium content i n t h i s and other creeks. VI. PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION 13. I t has been brought to our a t t e n t i o n at a number of the P u b l i c Hearings we have so f a r conducted, that there have been d i f f i c u l t i e s with communication between a l l l e v e l s involved i n uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . Not only has the p u b l i c found i t d i f f i c u l t to get information to which one would have supposed i t was c l e a r l y e n t i t l e d , such as e x p l o r a t i o n programmes, sa f e t y measures, e t c . , but the extent of information d i s -t r i b u t e d to l o c a l h e a l t h o f f i c e r s seems to have been exceedingly v a r i -able; the communication between mining i n s p e c t o r s and health o f f i c e r s and the p u b l i c seems to have been d e f i c i e n t ; the communication between the e x p l o r a t i o n companies and the p u b l i c has been v a r i a b l e and i n some instances u n s a t i s f a c t o r y ; and the Atomic Energy C o n t r o l Board, which has been i s s u i n g l i c e n s e s f o r uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , seems to have been too d i s t a n t from the problems i n the area to have provided an e f f e c t i v e source of i n f o r m a t i o n . 14. The p u b l i c testimony that we have heard has provided us w i t h a great d e a l of evidence of the f r u s t r a t i o n encountered by concerned members of the p u b l i c , i n c l u d i n g p h y s i c i a n s ^ m i n i s t e r s , and represent-a t i v e s of cattlemen, f r u i t growers or other food producers. I t i s c l e a r that an improvement of t h i s aspect of the present s i t u a t i o n should be a p r i o r i t y . V I I . PRESENT LEGISLATION 15. The i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n i n B r i t i s h Columbia i s so recent that proper information channels have not yet been developed, and the e x i s t i n g r e g u l a t i o n s covering e x p l o r a t i o n have not been amended to take s p e c i f i c account of the problems associated with uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . 158 16. UJe note that i n the present Mines Regulation Act, the d e f i n i t i o n of \"mine\" i n Section 2 means \"any underground, open-pit, or quarry working, or other working of the ground, f o r the purpose of p r o s p e c t i n g , mining, opening up, developing, or proving any>mineral or mineral-bearing substance . • . .\" L a t e r i n Section 11, subsection 18, there occurs the paragraph \"Notwithstanding the p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s s e c t i o n i n respect of a l l p l a c e r mining operations other than h y d r a u l i c monitoring, and i n respect of a l l mines i n the e x p l o r a t i o n stage, the Chief Inspector has the same power and a u t h o r i t y that i s granted to any person, except the Lieutenant-Governor i n C o u n c i l , under t h i s s e c t i o n , where the employment of mechanical equipment i s l i k e l y to d i s t u r b the surface of the land i n c l e a r i n g , s t r i p p i n g , t r e n c h i n g , or such other operations as the Chief Inspector may consider l i k e l y to cause s i g n i f i c a n t disturbance D f the surface of the land, and he may approve programmes f o r reclamation and conservation of the land surface and i s s u e permits required under t h i s s e c t i o n , s u b j e c t to such terms and c o n d i t i o n s as he may p r e s c r i b e . \" 17. UJe i n t e r p r e t these s e c t i o n s as c l e a r l y i n d i c a t i n g that the Chief Inspector of Mines has r e s p o n s i b i l i t y over e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . I t seems c l e a r that he has power to r e q u i r e a wide v a r i e t y of a c t i o n s i n r e l a t i o n t o e x p l o r a t i o n , or a c t i o n s which should be taken i n advance of e x p l o r a t i o n ; but i t appears to us that up to t h i s point i n time these powers have not been widely used. For example, they would i n our view have empowered the Chief Inspector to designate what ba s e l i n e s t u d i e s of water or a i r concentrations of r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s should be made on a given s i t e before any e x p l o r a t i o n i n v o l v i n g d e t a i l e d d r i l l i n g or trenching on a l a r g e s c a l e had been permitted. UJe have not found evidence t h a t the l e g i s l a t i o n has been used f o r t h i s purpose, though i n our view i n some instances i t c l e a r l y should have been. 18. The wording of the P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Act seems to us to b r i n g contamination of water with uranium or with r a d i o n u c l i d e s , and a i r with radon daughters c l e a r l y w i t h i n the d e f i n i t i o n of \" p o l l u t i o n \" . However we have not found evidence that the P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Branch to t h i s point has been involved i n a d i s c u s s i o n or survey of problems that might be caused by c u r r e n t uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . The l i c e n s e s p r e v i o u s l y issued by the Atomic Energy Con t r o l Board required the e x p l o r a t i o n company to s t a t e what h e a l t h and s a f e t y p r o v i s i o n s i t had made i n r e -l a t i o n to i t s a c t i v i t i e s , arid what precautions i t was t a k i n g to protect the environment. The undertakings which were given to the Atomic Energy Cont r o l Board by i n d i v i d u a l companies under t h i s s e c t i o n do not appear to have been g e n e r a l l y known by the D i s t r i c t Mining Inspectors, although these i n d i v i d u a l s have presumably been res p o n s i b l e f a r checking whether or not these commitments were being discharged. V I I I . TYPES OF EXPLORATION 19. M i n e r a l e x p l o r a t i o n i n v o l v e s those a c t i v i t i e s designed to l o c a t e mineral d e p o s i t s and evaluate t h e i r economic p o t e n t i a l . In order to describe what steps should be taken to c o n t r o l uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , i t i s h e l p f u l to view these a c t i v i t i e s i n an o r d e r l y framework. Consequently, we have adopted the f o l l o w i n g general s t r u c t u r e f o r those a c t i v i t i e s which f o l l o w the i n c e p t i o n and design of an e x p l o r a t i o n program. 159 LEVEL DIME - REGIONAL EXPLORATION 20. This i n c l u d e s the compilation and assesment of e x i s t i n g information and the c o l l e c t i o n of e x p l o r a t i o n data of a reconnaissance nature i n c l u d -ing : (a) Airborne and ground geophysical surveys (b) G e o l o g i c a l mapping (c ) Sediment, s o i l and mater sampling (d) Radon determinations LEVEL TUP - DETAILED GROUND EXPLORATION 21. E x p l o r a t i o n procedures at t h i s l e v e l are designed to thoroughly evaluate l o c a l areas of i n t e r e s t . Common a c t i v i t i e s i n c l u d e : (a) D e t a i l e d ground geophysical and geochemical surveys often r e q u i r i n g l i n e c u t t i n g i n forest e d areas. (b) Road b u i l d i n g , trenching ( i n c l u d i n g b l a s t i n g ) and s t r i p p i n g . ( c ) Diamond and/or percussion d r i l l i n g . LEVEL THREE - DETAILED SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION 22. D e t a i l e d subsurface e x p l o r a t i o n provides a thorough information base f o r e v a l u a t i n g the f e a s i b i l i t y of mineral production. In p r a c t i c e i t may be d i f f i c u l t to a s c e r t a i n where Le v e l Two ends and L e v e l Three begins. A c t i v i t i e s at t h i s l e v e l i n c l u d e the f o l l o w i n g : (a) Systematic d r i l l i n g and sampling (b) Excavation of la r g e surface p i t s and/or d r i v i n g exploratory a d i t s and s h a f t s . 23. Ground a c q u i s i t i o n by claim s t a k i n g or purchase normally c o i n c i d e s with the onset of Lev e l Two. IX. GUIDELINES FDR URANIUM EXPLORATION 24. E x p l o r a t i o n surveys and a n c i l l a r y p h y s i c a l work can be c l a s s i f i e d as d i s r u p t i v e or non-disruptive of the p h y s i c a l environment. There should normally be l i t t l e or no s i g n i f i c a n t disturbance of the land surface up to and i n c l u d i n g Level Two a c t i v i t y ( a ) . Ue are the r e f o r e most concerned with those a c t i v i t i e s o c c u r r i n g i n Levels Two and Three that can r e s u l t i n p h y s i c a l and/or chemical contamination of the environ-ment. The general problems as s o c i a t e d with these a c t i v i t i e s are common to e x p l o r a t i o n f o r a l l n a t u r a l m a t e r i a l s , but i n the case of uranium there i s the added p o s s i b i l i t y of problems a r i s i n g from uranium and the r a d i o a c t i v i t y of i t s decay products. 25. I n s o f a r as s p e c i a l hazards are associated w i t h uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , we wish to suggest that the f o l l o w i n g g u i d e l i n e s be used to supplement the present r e g u l a t i o n s , some of which are contained i n \"Gui d e l i n e s f o r Coal and M i n e r a l E x p l o r a t i o n i n B r i t i s h Columbia\" (B.C. M i n i s t r y of Mines and Petroleum Resources, 1978). 160 ROAD BUILDING 26. Removal of cover m a t e r i a l during c o n s t r u c t i o n of access roads to uranium e x p l o r a t i o n s i t e s may r e s u l t i n exposure of r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s . Consequently, such roads should be surveyed r a d i o m e t r i c a l l y and r e s u l t s provided to the Inspecting O f f i c e r as soon as i s f e a s i b l e . Where p o t e n t i a l l y hazardous r a d i o a c t i v i t y i s recognized, the Inspecting O f f i c e r may r e q u i r e b u r i a l , redesign or r e l o c a t i o n . STRIPPING, TRENCHING AND TEST PITTING ( i n c l u d i n g B l a s t i n g ) 27. S t r i p p i n g , trenching and t e s t p i t t i n g lead to the p o s s i b i l i t y of exposing high grade uranium con c e n t r a t i o n s , i n c r e a s i n g the r a t e of radon emission, producing d e b r i s p i l e s subject to new c o n d i t i o n s of e r o s i o n , and a l t e r i n g the surface drainage regime. A l l these problems can be avoided or minimized by s t r i c t adherence to the G u i d e l i n e s f o r C l e a r i n g , S t r i p p i n g and Trenching and other r e l e v a n t s e c t i o n s on Reclamation and Revegetation i n \"Guidelines f o r Coal and M i n e r a l E x p l o r a t i o n \" (B.C. M i n i s t r y of Mines and Petroleum Resources, 1978) uiith the added p r o v i s -ions that excavated overburden should be sorted according to l e v e l of r a d i o a c t i v i t y . In b a c k f i l l i n g the most r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l should then be replaced f i r s t . F o llowing r e c l a m a t i o n , a s c i n t i l l o m e t e r survey should be undertaken to ensure that r a d i a t i o n l e v e l s do not s i g n i f i c a n t l y ex-ceed those present p r i o r to the d i s t u r b a n c e . DRILLING 28. Water flo w i n g i n d r i l l holes may lead to contamination of p r e v i o u s l y uncontaminated surface or groundwaters. Therefore, a l l d r i l l holes not approved by the Inspecting O f f i c e r f o r monitoring purposes must be f i l l e d to depth with appropriate s e a l i n g m a t e r i a l . The s e a l i n g procedure must be acceptable to the Inspecting O f f i c e r . A d d i t i o n a l contamination may a r i s e from d r i l l i n g muds, sludge and unused c u t t i n g s . To minimize the d i s p e r s a l of these m a t e r i a l s a sump tank i n an ex-cavation s h a l l be used f o r t h e i r containment. On completion of d r i l l i n g , such m a t e r i a l s s h a l l be covered by overburden to a depth of at l e a s t one meter or more as d i r e c t e d by the Inspecting O f f i c e r . An e f f o r t should be made to reuse d r i l l i n g mud from one d r i l l s i t e to another. 29. On the completion of d r i l l i n g , the s i t e should be reclaimed as s p e c i f i e d i n \"Guidelines f o r Coal and M i n e r a l E x p l o r a t i o n \" (B.C. M i n i s t r y of Mines and Petroleum Resources, 1978) and checked by a f i n a l s c i n t i l l o m e t e r survey to v e r i f y that no s i g n i f i c a n t changes i n l e v e l s of r a d i o a c t i v i t y have occurred. 30. Upon completion of a d r i l l h o l e , the l o c a t i o n , date, and name of the e x p l o r a t i o n company must be posted at the d r i l l hole s i t e i n a permanent manner analogous to a c l a i m post. 161 31. In cases of d e t a i l e d d r i l l i n g programs corresponding to L e v e l Three - \" D e t a i l e d Subsurface E x p l o r a t i o n \" a monitoring program s h a l l be i n s t i t u t e d as f o l l o w s : (a) Samples of surface waters are to be taken before and during d e t a i l e d subsurface e x p l o r a t i o n . These must be analyzed f o r uranium and other c o n s t i t u e n t s as required by the Inspecting O f f i c e r . (b) Groundwater should be analyzed f o r uranium and other c o n s t i t u e n t s and flow system c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . ( c ) A i r samples should be taken f o r determination of radon co n c e n t r a t i o n s . ADITS AMD SHAFTS 32. A d i t s and Shafts are normally d r i v e n as a means of d i r e c t i n -v e s t i g a t i o n of bulk sampling of mineral d e p o s i t s . In our o p i n i o n , the hazards a s s o c i a t e d with these a c t i v i t i e s correspond more c l o s e l y to those encountered i n underground mining 0;f uranium than i n s u r f a c e ex-p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s c u r r e n t l y t a k i n g place i n B r i t i s h Columbia. For t h i s reason, we recommend a moratorium on the d r i v i n g of exploratory a d i t s and s h a f t s at s i t e s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . This moratorium should be concurrent with the e x i s t i n g moratorium on uranium mining i n B r i t i s h Columbia. SAMPLE AMD CORE STORAGE 33. Many of the e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s r e f e r r e d to p r e v i o u s l y g i v e r i s e to a v a r i e t y of samples i n c l u d i n g d r i l l core, r e q u i r i n g storage p r i o r to examination and/or a n a l y s i s . Much of the more h i g h l y r a d i o -a c t i v e m a t e r i a l encountered i n an e x p l o r a t i o n program w i l l be represented i n such samples. I t f o l l o w s that sample storage must be undertaken i n an o r d e r l y f a s h i o n , e i t h e r on s i t e or at some other s i t e agreed to by the Inspecting O f f i c e r , but i n premises to which only authorized personnel have access. These premises should be c l e a r l y posted, w e l l v e n t i l a t e d to avoid accumulation of radon daughters, and monitored f o r l e v e l s of radon and gamma r a d i a t i o n . A d e t a i l e d record of samples shipped must be maintained. 34. On the basis of the pr e l i m i n a r y data a v a i l a b l e to the Commission, we recommend: X. RECOMMEMDATIOMS R - l . That the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia should l i c e n s i n g procedure f o r uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . i n s t i t u t e a R-2. That the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia should p r o h i b i t the d r i v i n g of exp l o r a t o r y a d i t s and s h a f t s at s i t e s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . R.3 That s t r i c t g u i d e l i n e s and r e g u l a t i o n s f o r the c o n t r o l of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n be introduced as part of the l i c e n s i n g process. 162 R-4. That c o n s i d e r a t i o n be given to t r a n s f e r r i n g the responsib-i l i t y f o r the s u r v e i l l a n c e of e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t y i n the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia from the D i s t r i c t Mines Inspector to the D i s t r i c t G e o l o g i s t . The D i s t r i c t G e o l o g i s t should be given such s t a f f as i s r e q u i r e d to c a r r y out the s u r v e i l l a n c e program i n h i s r e g i o n , having regard t o the extent of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n w i t h i n i t , and he should a l s o be r e q u i r e d to be the main and p u b l i c i z e d source of information i n the l o c a l i t y on a l l matters concerned with uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . This inform-a t i o n should i n c l u d e p u b l i c information on e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v -i t i e s , on the l e v e l of r a d i o a c t i v i t y around i n d i v i d u a l d r i l l s i t e s , and on the status of reclamation on e x p l o r a t i o n s i t e s . In oarpiview, the D i s t r i c t G e o l o g i s t i s w e l l equipped to super-v i s e l o c a l s u r f a c e e x p l o r a t i o n a c t i v i t y . He has d e t a i l e d know-ledge of the geology of the r e g i o n , he i s very i n t e r e s t e d i n the r e s u l t s of d r i l l i n g programs, he has means of access to any l o c a t i o n i n the region, and he i s equipped to make the measure-ments of surface r a d i o a c t i v i t y which would be r e q u i r e d . L i a i s o n between the D i s t r i c t Mines Inspector and the D i s t r i c t Geologist should be simple s i n c e i n general they occupy adjacent o f f i c e s . R-5. That dosimeters should be worn by e x p l o r a t i o n s t a f f f o r at l e a s t a month DO any s p e c i f i c d r i l l i n g p r o j e c t , but at the d i s c r e t i o n of the Inspecting O f f i c e r the wearing of dosimeters could be d i s c o n t i n u e d . With most su r f a c e work there seems to be l i t t l e p o s s i b i l i t y that s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s of r a d i a t i o n exposure e i t h e r from gamma sources or i n h a l a t i o n of radon gas and i t s daughters would be l i k e l y . R-6. That in f o r m a t i o n on l e v e l s of r a d i o a c t i v i t y recorded at d r i l l s i t e s or from surface rock or core storage areas should be r o u t i n e l y sent by the D i s t r i c t G e o l ogist to the l o c a l Health O f f i c e r and the Regional Manager of the P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Branch, so t h a t both of those o f f i c i a l s and the p u b l i c are f u l l y informed of the present s t a t u s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n i n the d i s t r i c t . R-7. That where r a d i o a c t i v e cores are being stored on the s i t e , un-r e s t r i c t e d p u b l i c access to these should not be p o s s i b l e , and t h a t there be proper p r o t e c t i o n f o r members of the d r i l l i n g crew who would have access to the storage area. This area must be w e l l v e n t i l a t e d and measurements of radon gas concentration should be made p e r i o d i c a l l y i f workers are to be employed i n the immediate l o c a t i o n of such core samples. The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r ensuring worker p r o t e c t i o n on the s i t e should be shared with the l o c a l Health O f f i c e r and the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Branch a f t e r n o t i f i c a t i o n by the Inspecting O f f i c e r that r a d i o a c t i v e cores were present i n the area. 163 R-B. That there be a p u b l i c warning displayed at places where outcrops of rock are s p e c i a l l y r a d i o a c t i v e . During the course of our v i s i t s to the main s i t e s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n i n B r i t i s h Columbia, we have had an opportunity to take read-ings of r a d i a t i o n l e v e l s at rock surfaces ( t a b u l a t e d i n Appen-d i x I I ) . In two instances the r a d i a t i o n l e v e l s seemed to us to be high enough to r e q u i r e some s p e c i a l a c t i o n . (a) The r a d i a t i o n count at the surface of the Fuko d e p o s i t , i n the upper K e t t l e River watershed, which i s immediately adjacent to a p u b l i c road, i s approximately 1,000 microrems per hour or about 500 times the average n a t u r a l background. I t would seem to us that the existence of t h i s exposed rock should n e c e s s i t a t e a p u b l i c warning n o t i c e which would i n -d i c a t e the nature of the d e p o s i t , with p o s s i b l y the f o l l o w i n g wording: DANGER HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE ROCK IN THIS AREA We suggest t h a t t h i s n o t i c e could be pasted on the a u t h o r i t y of the l o c a l Health O f f i c e r . (b) S i m i l a r high count r a t e s were noted at the rock face of the B/D deposit above B i r c h I s l a n d on the Consolidated Rexspar c l a i m s . This i s also adjacent to a logging road to which the p u b l i c has u n r e s t r i c t e d access, and a s i m i l a r n o t i c e should be posted i n t h i s s i t u a t i o n . The other data i n Appendix I I i n -d i c a t e that some m a t e r i a l adjacent to d r i l l holes has a count r a t e of up to 200 and 500 microrems per hour. At these s i t e s the s p e c i a l precautions we have i n d i c a t e d i n S e c t i o n IX would e l i m i n a t e any s i g n i f i c a n t hazard. R-9. We recommend the development of a province-wide r a d i a t i o n observation network. This i s n e c e s s i t a t e d by the considerable v a r i a t i o n i n n a t u r a l r a d i a t i o n l e v e l s . Lde a n t i c i p a t e making a more d e t a i l e d recommendation on t h i s matter i n our F i n a l Report. XI . CONCLUSIONS 35. A f t e r v i s i t i n g the e x i s t i n g s i t e s of uranium e x p l o r a t i o n i n B r i t i s h Columbia, we have concluded that the operation of the e x i s t i n g r e g u l a t i o n s i s s t i l l u n s a t i s f a c t o r y . We concluded that a d d i t i o n a l l e g i s l a t i o n i s not s p e c i f i c a l l y needed f o r t h i s s i t u a t i o n to be r e c t i f i e d , but have recom-mended a change i n i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , together with the i n v o l v e -ment i n the l o c a l i t y of the l o c a l Health O f f i c e r and the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Branch i n d e c i s i o n s concerning the p r o t e c t i o n of water resources or the p r o t e c t i o n of p u b l i c ? h e a l t h . We b e l i e v e at t h i s time that these recommendations, i f implemented, would e l i m i n a t e the poss-i b i l i t y of s i g n i f i c a n t p u b l i c hazard from uranium e x p l o r a t i o n . We a l s o recommend th a t the Province of B r i t i s h Columbia should i n i t i a t e a l i c e n s -ing procedure f o r uranium e x p l o r a t i o n , and p r o h i b i t the d r i v i n g of a d i t s and s h a f t s i n e x p l o r a t i o n areas at the present time. 164 36. UJe wish to emphasize again that t h i s Interim Report on Uranium E x p l o r a t i o n does not preclude our making other or more d e t a i l e d recom-mendations on these matters i n our F i n a l Report. The s e r i e s of Technical Hearings scheduled to s t a r t i n September 1979, may lead us to modify these recommendations, but we wish to bring them to the a t t e n t i o n of the Government of B r i t i s h Columbia at t h e i r present stage of f o r m u l a t i o n . (Readings of Radiation Levels at Rock Surfaces and M a t e r i a l Adjacent to D r i l l Holes Appendix I I Interim Report on Uranium E x p l o r a t i o n dated August 15, 1979 DATE SITE LOCATION DETAIL SCINTILLOMETER MICROREM/HOUR SOUND/MINUTE 23 June 3 June 4 June 4 June 8 June 18 June 20 June MANNING PARK VANCOUVER BLIZZARD (Norcen) DONEN (PNC) FUKU OUTCROP BIRCH ISLAND (Consolidated Rexspar) PENTICTON ( P a c i f i c Petroleum) GRAND FORKS BOUNDARY SHOWING (Chinook Construction) Alpine Meadows Po i n t Grey Top of B a s a l t dome Stream N.W. edge Cores Core Storage Road grave l on way to FUKO Ce n t r a l surface Above Deposit B Zone - general over d r i l l hole 30 yards up h i l l Road to A s i t e A Zone - general over d r i l l hole B-D Zone rock face Rock i n t o Foghorn Creek Abandoned core hut Apex Road (Potassium r a d i o a c t i v i t y ) Outcrops F a r l e i g h Lake Pink coutcrop on bank Showing No. 2 Borehold PH78C25 Country rock KIWI d r i l l s i t e c u t t i n g s 2 - 3 2 - 3 2 - 3 ^ : ?Bo 6 20 - 25 800 - 1000 15 - 20 100 120 25 18 25 20 1000 200 40 - 80 40 25 25 40 12 - 15 200 - 500 35 10 - 15 25 - 32 c 90 c 90 - 100 i-1 cn 20 June 21 June 27 June WILLIAMS LAKE GENELLE (Stampede I n t e r n a t i o n a l ) VANDERHOOF 5 J u l y ATLIN Nat u r a l outcrop Road to cabin Snowball Creek Inside o l d cabin Sample bags Granite outcrop A l e x i s Creek China Creek H i l l t o p d r i l l & b l a s t s i t e Nechako River Kenney Dam Road S i t e EN1 (E & B Co.) Cuttings Perimeter D r i l l cores S i t e EN2 S i t e 2 cores KLUSKUS Log Road S i r e E l ( S h e l l Co.) Core remains on s i t e Cemetery S u r p r i s e Lake (lower end) Road by Surprise Lake Ruby Creek Granite bed Molybdenum d r i l l cores & boxes ID 6 2 -16 10 - 18 2 - 3 20 - 25 6 5 10 - 11 l e s s than 5 2 - 3 2 - 3 2 - 3 2 - 3 15 - 17 1 5 - 2 5 5 - 1 0 NOTE: These measurements of r a d i o a c t i v i t y were made by the use of a s c i n t i l l o m e t e r (Ludlum Measurements Inc., Sweetwater, Texas, Model 19 micro/R meter) which was k i n d l y l e n t to the Royal Commission f o r t h i s p e r i o d of i t s work by Dr. Wayne Greene, Chief Radiation P r o t e c t i o n D i v i s i o n , Department of Health, Province of B r i t i s h Columbia, to whom we are g r e a t l y indebted. APPENDIX 6 Depository l i b r a r i e s 168 A. L i b r a r i e s Holding T r a n s c r i p t s , Statements of Evidence, Accession L i s t s and the Interim Report v Abbotsford P u b l i c L i b r a r y A t l i n Community L i b r a r y Campbell R i v e r L i b r a r y Castlegar P u b l i c L i b r a r y Fraser V a l l e y College-Learning Resources Centre, C h i l l i w a c k Clearwater L i b r a r y Cranbrook P u b l i c L i b r a r y Dawson Creek P u b l i c L i b r a r y F o r t Nelson P u b l i c L i b r a r y Grand Forks P u b l i c L i b r a r y Greenwood P u b l i c L i b r a r y Cariboo-Thompson-Nicola Regional L i b r a r y , Kamloops Kelowna Branch of the Okanagan Regional L i b r a r y Vancouver I s l a n d Regional L i b r a r y , Nanaimo New Westminster P u b l i c L i b r a r y P r i n c e George P u b l i c L i b r a r y P r i n c e Rupert P u b l i c L i b r a r y Quesnel L i b r a r y Revelstoke L i b r a r y The L i b r a r y , North West C o l l e g e , Terrace Royal Commission on Uranium Mining, 3724 W. Broadway, Vancouver The L i b r a r y , B.C.I.T., 3700 W i l l i n g d o n Ave., Burnaby S p e c i a l Sciences Division-Documents, Simon Fraser U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y , Burnaby The L i b r a r y , U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia, 2075 Westbrook Pl a c e , Vancouver Vancouver P u b l i c L i b r a r y , 750 Burrard S t r e e t , Vancouver Vanderhoof P u b l i c L i b r a r y B. L i b r a r i e s Holding Edited Videocassettes F r a s e r V a l l e y C o l l e g e , Learning Resources Centre, Abbotsford S e l k i r k C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Castlegar East Kootenay C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Cranbrook Northern L i g h t s C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Dawson\"-Creek Cariboo C o l l e g e . Library,,Kamloops Okanagan C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Kelowna Malaspina C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Nanaimo College of New Caledonia, L i b r a r y , P r i n c e George North West C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , Terrace B.C.I.T. L i b r a r y , Burnaby Royal Commission on Uranium Mining, 3724 West Broadway, Vancouver, B.C. Camosun C o l l e g e , L i b r a r y , V i c t o r i a 169 APPENDIX 7 P a r t i c i p a n t funding NAME1 INITIAL REQUEST FIRST ALLOTMENT NEW REQUEST ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENTS TOTAL EAAUM (B.C. Federation of N a t u r a l i s t s , SPEC, Western Canada Chapter of the S i e r r a Club) $34,0D0/mo 130,000 $15,000 $45,000 ACA $ 2,050 $ 2,000 119,025 $ 6,000 $ 8,000 B e a v e r d e l l Community Club Funds to sent to rep-r e s e n t a t i v e s $ 3,700 $ 3,700 BCCUCC $ 5,600/mo. +11,500 $ 2,000 $ 6,000 $ 8,000 B r i t i s h Columbia & Yukon Chamber of Mines 118,275 $ 2,000 $ 2,000 $ 4,000 Boundary Environment and Outdoor Club $ 1,625 S 1,600 $ 1,870 $ 1,800 $ 3,400 CCNR - Kelowna 119,000 S 3,000 $ 4,000 $ 7,000 CCNR - Vancouver $ 5,560/mo. x 6 months =33,900 $ 4,000 $ 4,000 Canadian P u b l i c Health A s s o c i a t i o n 1 2,500 $ 2,500 $ 2,500 Consult L i s t of Abbreviations f o r the legend. o NAME INITIAL REQUEST FIRST ALLOTMENT NEW REQUEST ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENTS TOTAL CCCBN $ 8,000 $ 6,000 $ 6,000 Committee f o r a Clean K e t t l e V a l l e y $56,050 $ 3,000 $ 2,000 $ 5,000 Greater V i c t o r i a Environmental Centre $ 2,000 $ 2,D00 $ 2,000 Greenpeace Foundation (Okanagan) $25,200 $ 3,000 $ 3,000 Greenpeace Foundation (Vancouver) $10,968 (6 mos.) $ 2,000 $ 6,000 NIL $ 2,000 Indigenous Peoples of the Western Hemisphere $63,750 $ 500 $ 500 OCUTH representing I n t e r e s t Groups i n Kelowna, B e a v e r d e l l , C h r i s t i a n V a l l e y , Westbridge, B r i d e s v i l l e , Rock Creek, Midway, Greenwood, Grand Forks $42,000 $25,000 $25,000 Kamloops Honey Producers* A s s o c i a t i o n $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 KNSG $ 3,525/mo. $ 4,000 $ 4,450 ( f o r a d d i t -i o n a l p r o j e c t ) - -$20,D00 $24,000 NAME INITIAL REQUEST FIRST ALLOTMENT NEW REQUEST ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENTS TOTAL North Shuswap Environmental Committee u n s p e c i f i e d ($ 3,700 held i n reserve) So l a r A l t e r n a t i v e s to Nuclear Energy $ 5,500 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 SKIP u n s p e c i f i e d $ 3,700 $ 3,700 South Okanagan Environmental C o a l i t i o n , $ 5,500/mo. ($ 2,000 withdrawn) -UBCIC $96,815 $ 9,500 $10,000 $19,500 United Fishermen & A l l i e d Workers' Union $ 8,000 $ 2,000 $ 2,000 WCELA $ 9,780 $ 1,500 $ 3,500 $ 5,000 YEA $ 8,000 $ 2,200 $ 5,800 $ 8,0D0 TOTAL Reserve $71,500 3,500 $75,000 $129,300 20,700 $150,000 $200,800 24,200 $225,000 173 NOT ELIGIBLE FOR FUNDING NAME REQUESTED B.C. Energy C o a l i t i o n U n s p e c i f i e d P a t r i c k B r i t t e n $ 500 Douglas C.5. C a l d w e l l S 4,250 B r i a n Carpendale $ 5,210 Consumers' A s s o c i a t i o n of Canada (B.C. Advocacy) $ 6,900 F i r s t B a p t i s t Church S 750 Fusion Energy Foundation $ 4,000 Mike G i l f i l l a r S 4,450 (2 mos.) Kelowna Prospectors $ 1,000 Scott Lawrance Un s p e c i f i e d The Pulp, Paper and Woodworkers of Canada, Workers' Compensation Board Representatives - Gary 0. Newell S 3,150 South nkanagan 8 Sjmilkameen Union Board of Health $10,000 174 APPENDIX 8 P u b l i c Notice: P a r t i c i p a n t Funding Province of British Columbia PUBLIC NOTICE ROYAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO URANIUM MINING PARTICIPANT FUNDING The Commission has been provided with limited funds for interested groups within the Province of British Columbia to assist them in preparing their briefs for presentation at a Public Hearing. GUIDELINES The guidelines for funding of participants before the Commission are as follows: (a) There should be a clearly ascertainable interest that ought to be represented at the Inquiry. (b) It should be established that \"separate and adequate represen-tation of that interest will make a necessary and substantial contribution to the Inquiry. (c) Those seeking funds should have an established record of concern for, and should have demonstrated their own commitment to, the interest they seek to represent. (d) It should be shown that those seeking funds do not have sufficient financial resources to enable them adequately to represent that interest, and will require funds to do so. (e) Those seeking funds should have a clear proposal as to the use they intend to make of the funds, and should be suf-ficiently well organized to account for the funds. in order to avoid duplication, various groups of similar interests are encouraged to jointly prepare a brief for presentation. APPLICATION FOR FUNDS Application for funding should be made in writing to the Executive Secretary at the address beiow, and should provide the following infor-mation: (a) A statement of how the applicant satisfies the guidelines for funding. (b) A description, including a detailed budget, of the purposes for which the funds are required, how the funds will be disbursed and how they will be accounted for. (c) A statement of the extent to which the applicant will con-tribute funds and personnel to participate in the Inquiry. (d) The name, address, telephone number and position of the individual within the group who will be responsible for administering the funds. The deadline for submitting an application will be Monday, April 30, 197S. On behalf of the Commission; Brig. Gen. E D . Danby (retired) Executive Secretary Royal Commission of Inquiry Health and Environmental Protection — Uranium Mining APPENDIX 9 R e s u l t s of i n t e r v i e w s with s i x major p a r t i c i p a n t s COLUMN NUMBER I II I l l i-IV | Representative interviewed, name erf group and description of groups' primary concern Witness i d e n t i f i e d Use of cross-examination Studies Mr. Roger (laid graduate) of the Union of B r i t i s h Columbia Indian Chiefs (UBC1C) uhoae prime con-cern i s the Indian s i t u a t i o n (1980b, i n t e r v i e w ) . C a l l i n g i n witnesses f o r the S o c i a l Impact 8 J u r i s d i c t i o n Phases. We would rather do t h i s than leave i t to the Commission to bring i n and fund these w i t -nesses. Thoroughly cross-examine evidence that i a : - important & relevant to the Indian s i t u a t i o n s ; - contentious; - vulnerable; - h u r t f u l to our case. B a s i c a l l y , use cross-exam-i n a t i o n to bring out our case, but, sometimes, to determine a witness' cred-a b i l i t y . We are f i n d i n g out which Indian bands would be affected by uranium min-ing i n B r i t i s h Columbia and preparing two studies: - a land use and occupancy study i n the A t l i n area ( f o r presentation at the second round of community hearings); - a development c o n f l i c t study i n the Okanagan ( f o r presentation i n Phase W i l l ) . Dr. Young (medical doctor) of the B r i t i s h Columbia Medical Associat-i o n (BCMA)-whose prime concern i s public health (1980, interview) I d e n t i f i e d on our own i n i t i a t i v e : - one witness f o r the 0v. view Phase; - one witness f o r the Waste Management Phase; - f i v e witnesses f o r the Pub l i c & worker Health Phase; - one witness f o r the Environmental Impact Phase. Only cross-examine evidence that: - i s i n c o r r e c t ; - could be seen from other points of view - could a l t e r the f i n a l out-come of RCIUM. Use cross examination: - to assess whether a wi t -ness i s competent; - to d i s c r e d i t a witness i f he/she i s biasing the evidence; - to show that the evidence i s not u n i v e r s a l l y agreed upon; - to point out the existence of new evidence; - to bring i n t o focus r e -levant p o i n t s . BCMA i s doing a study on baseline epidemiology and a comparison of occupationa L health i n Canada and the United States. — — — — — -0 1 -J See pp. 180-1 f o r columns V, VI and VI I . I II I l l IV Dr. Suiitzer, environmental coor-dinator of Consolidated Rexspar Minerals and Chemicals L t d . (Rexspar)-whose prime concern i s acceptance of a s p e c i f i c uranium mine proposal (I960, i n t e r v i e w ) . I d e n t i f i e d as many witnesses as we can a f f o r d . Rexspar i s a small company and cannot a f f o r d numerous consultants and lawyers from other com-panies. Prepare a thorough cross-examination of evidence that: - can help along our f i n a l cause; - may not be accurate ( i s the witness c r e d i b l e ? ) Have done a l o t of preliminary work on our uranium mine pro-posal. Ms. Rounthwaite (lawyer), l e g a l counsel f o r the Environmental A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining (EAAUM). EAAUM i s a c o a l i t i o n between the Federation of B r i t i s h Columbia N a t u r a l i s t s , The S i e r r a Club of Western Canada, and the Canadian S c i e n t i f i c P r o t ection and Environmental Control Society (19B0a, interview). I d e n t i f i e d s i x witnesses f o r the Environmental Impact Phase whose testimonies cover ground not covered by Commission witnesses; for example, radio-ecology. Prepare a thorough cross-examination of witnesses appearing i n the Environ-mental Impact Phase. I f something important has not been covered by a witness but he/she i s com-petent i n t h i s area, w i l l question him/her about i t . EAAUM i s presenting a major submission f o r Phase VI (March) on the p o t e n t i a l environmental impacts of uranium min-ing i n B r i t i s h Columbia. EAAUM has commissioned Aspect Consultants to do a study of the e n v i r -onmental i m p l i c a t i o n s of uranium derived radio-nuclides i n b i o l o g i c a l systems with p a r t i c u l a r reference to B r i t i s h Columbia. Mr. Paterson (lawyer), l e g a l counsel, p r i m a r i l y , f o r the Confederation of Canadian Unions (CCU), whose prime concern l a the health and safety of workers, but also f o r the Kootenay Nuclear Study Groups,(KNSG) and the Y e l -lowhead Eco l o g i c a l Association (YEA), and from time to time, f o r the A t l i n Community Association (ACA) (1980, interview). CCU, YEA & KNSG do not have the money to c a l l many wit-nesses themselves. Hence, we lobby the Commission to bring i n witnesses of our choice; t h i s has been suc-c e s s f u l . The CCU has iden-t i f i e d four witnesses f o r the Public & Worker Health Phaae. Given the nature of the CCU's concerns, focus cross-examination on evidence to do with: - worker and public health; - the r e l a t i o n s h i p be-tween government and industry; - government administra-t i o n . Use cross-examination: - to bring out a d d i t i o n a l paints; - to emphasize important information; Presenting a major b r i e f i n Phase X on j u r i s d i c -t i o n and enforcement. Updating two items i n the Commission L i b r a r y (see numbers 262 and 263 i n Appendix 12). We would have done more but our funds are l i m i t e c CD I II I l l IV CCU, KIM5G, YEA (cont 'd) - to test the c r e d i b i l i t y of the wi tness ; - to determine the p h i l o s -opy of the wi tness . O v e r a l l , t ry to get points i n the t r a n s c r i p t s that can be used to make our f i n a l case . M r s . Boyce of the B r i t i s h Columbia Conference of the United Church of Canada (8CCUCC) (I960, i n t e r v i e w ) . C a l l i n g s ix witnesses for the Ethics Phase. We would l i k e to hear from a resource economist s t i l l . Prepare questions on the evidence. Use cross-ex-amination: - to t ry to s e n s i t i z e witnesses to moral quest ions ; - to get points i n the t r a n s c r i p t s that can be used i n the E t h i c s Phase; - to make witnesses aware of the t e c h n i c a l uncer-t a i n t i e s i n t h e i r e v i -dence and the value judgements they are making that are based on theBe u n c e r t a i n t i e s . Make summaries of those statements of evidence that are s i g n i f i c a n t , focusing on the moral and e t h i c a l p o i n t s . Pass these onto a \"reference group\" of theologians and e t h i c i s t s . M r . Evans, outreach educator f o r BCCUCC, w i l l prepare a b r i e f f o r Phase IX based on the summaries. COLUMN NUMBER I \\l UI UII Representative Extent of review tilork with witnesses T e c h n i c a l ass is tance Mr. Rogers (UBCIC) Review each b r i e f before and a f t e r i t s presentation at the t e c h n i c a l hearings . Time i s a c o n s t r a i n t . D e f i n i t e l y work alongaide our witnesses. U s u a l l y , have no t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e . For the S o c i a l Impact Phase, however, w i l l rece ive help from other people i n UBCIC. D r . Young (BCMA) Review each b r i e f . More time i s needed (suggests an extra week o f f between each phase) . Work with our witness as much as p o s s i b l e . U s u a l l y , have no t e c h n i c a l asa is tance . D r . Switzer (Rexspar) Thoroughly review a l l evidence that has a baais i n f a c t ; look up the s c i e n t i f i c reference too . Absolutely no time con-s t r a i n t s . However, we have l i m i t e d funds ; hence I do not have the statements of e v i -dence reviewed by outside ex-p e r t s . Edi t (grammatically) our own witnesses' statements; that i s a l l . Rely s o l e l y on my own experience . ( D r . Switzer has a P h . d . i n Zoology and has worked alongaide the beat lawyers i n the United S t a t e s ) . Ms. Rounthwaite (EAAUM) EAAUM p a r t i c i p a t e s only i n the Environmental Impact Phase and parts of other phases that deal with environmental con-cerns . Not s u f f i c i e n t time or money to attend a l l phases. L i s t e n to evidence as i t i s presented. Make notes on statements that I can make use of i n cross-examination. Want our witnesses to pre-sent parts of our caae so we send them a l i s t of ques-t ions that we want addressed. Also we suggest to our wit - , nesses what they should con-centrate on i n t h e i r verbal presentations at the hear-i n g s . Tony Pearce of Aspects Consultants helps prepare cross-examinat ion. CD o I V VI VII M r . Paterson (ecu, KNSG, YEA) Cannot do as thorough a r e -view of the evidence as the government agencies and the mining companies can s ince our f i n a n c i a l resources and my time are l i m i t e d . Work with our witnesses to a considerable extent; that i s they send ua t h e i r evidence and we c r i t i q u e i t and send i t back, and so on u n t i l we are happy. Also we send the witnesses copies of the r e -levant t r a n s c r i p t s and s t a t e -ments of evidence. Have two s c i e n t i f i c reaearchers working with me. Mrs . Boyce (BCCUCC) r Review each b r i e f , concen-t r a t i n g i n p a r t i c u l a r , on the e t h i c a l and moral com-ponents. Not enough time to read the references c i t e d , except f o r those on e t h i c s . I f the Church did not help us out f i n a n c i a l l y there would be no one mono-tor ing the hearings. •ther people i n my group w i l l work with the witnesses; for example, Dr . Anderson and Mr. Evans. Receive no t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e -no funds f o r t h i s . Some of the t e c h n i c a l information i s beyond my understanding. 182 APPENDIX 10 Cross-examination of ten witnesses by major p a r t i c i p a n t s • 3 CD C B cr 1 a a rt »—i tH «= c III III v-t ~—-— f Phase Number CO !-• 1 (0 3 X O m • 3 H* O 3 -» ra a e R-rt-3 Dr. John Nelson Dr. Frank Patton Dr. Donald Langmulr Dr. John Cherry 1 Dr. Al Henry Dr. D'Appol-onia Earl J. Klohn -< P» 3 O 1 C 3 . i-J H 3! rt • • 3 cn o) • rt X rt • 3-C0 E CD Norcen panel Provincial De partment of EMPR, Mine & Inspection & Engineering Branch Witness — ID — CD CD CD 10 X X X X X X X 1 X BCMA X X X X X X X BCCUCC J^ X X X X X X X UBCIC -o X\" X X X X X X SKID cn X X X X X X WCELA ui X X X X X EAAUM X X X X KNSG 3 B C_l 13 70 TJ B 70 - t t-H n t-H TJ B Z —1 cn X X X X CCC/BN X X X X ACA X X X NOR CEN X X JCUTH X X GREEN-PEACE , X MABC I-* X REX-SPAR 1—1 X BCM EMPR X BCF LUSA h-« X PNC X CCNR KELOWNA CD o t-» o •J cn ^1 01 T o t a l no. of major p a r t i c i -pants cross-examing 184 APPENDIX 11 P r e l i m i n a r y budget estimate: EAAUM 185 Senior Legal Counsel: $75/hr. 8 hrs./day, 29 days/month Ju n i o r L e g a l Counsel: $5D/hr. 8 hrs./day, 20 days/month Co-ordinator: Researchers (2) $1200/month each Secretary: O f f i c e and Overhead: Communication with Constituency: (a) IMewletter: Twice/month, 15000 copies (b) Meetings, t r a v e l f o r 10 people: Twice/month Documents and Research M a t e r i a l s : Reproduction of Documents: f12000/month $ 8000/month S 1500/month $ 2400/month $ 1000/month $ 2000/month $ 2000/month $ 4000/month $ 3000 T o t a l : $32,900/month plus i n i t i a l funding of $5500 f o r documents, research m a t e r i a l s and reproduction t h e r e o f . 186 APPENDIX 12 Items i n the Commission l i b r a r y 187 Sample of items received between 23 May and 30 May, 1979 261 Sweet, Ul. \"Unresolved: the f r o n t end of nuclear waste d i s p o s a l . \" The B u l l e t i n of the Atomic S c i e n t i s t s . May 1979. pp. 44-48. 5 p. 262 Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of I n d u s t r i a l Mechanical and A l l i e d Workers. Correspondence on mining s a f e t y , 1978-1979. CAIMAUJ. 1979. va r i o u s pagings. 263 Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of I n d u s t r i a l Mechanican and A l l i e d Workers. Proposed amendments to the Mines Regulations Act; submission to the m i n i s t r y of mines and petroleum resources of the Province;-,of B r i t i s h Columbia. CAIMAW. Jan. 1978. 264 p. 264 Band, P., et a l . P o t e n t i a t i o n of c i g a r e t t e smoking and r a d i a t i o n : evidence from a sputum cytology survey among uranium miners and c o n t r o l s . 1977? 22 p. 265 Boulton, J . , ed. Management of r a d i o a c t i v e f u e l wastes: the Canadian d i s p o s a l program. AECL-6134. Oct. 1978. 135 p. 266 Organization f o r Economic Co-operation and Development; Committee f o r S c i e n t i f i c and Technological P o l i c y . P u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n d e c i s i o n making r e l a t e d to science and technology: a b a s i s f o r the forum d i s c u s s i o n held on October 10, 1978. Sept. 1978. 139 p. 267 U.S. Dep't. of Health, Education, and Welfare. A review of the use of i o n i z i n g r a d i a t i o n f o r the treatment of benign d i s e a s e s : v o l . 1; a r e p o r t . HEW P u b l i c -a t i o n (FDA) 78-8043. Sept. 1977. 53 p. 268 R o t b l a t , J . \"The r i s k s f o r r a d i a t i o n workers.\" The B u l l e t i n of the Atomic S c i e n t i s t s . Sept. 1978. pp. 41-46. 6 p. 269 Morton, J.D. Surface d i s p o s a l of uranium t a i l i n g s and mine waste: a geotechnologi viewpoint: presented to the Canadian I n s t i t u t e of Mines and Me t a l l u r g y ; 81st A.G.M.-Montreal, A p r i l 1979. 10 p. Sample of items r e c e i v e d between 2 November and 27 December 1979 1410 R u s s e l l , R.S., et a l . \" N a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g r a d i o a c t i v e substances: the uranium and thorium s e r i e s . \" Radio-A c t i v i t y and Human D i e t , Chap. 17, 1966. pp. 365-379. 8 p. 188 1411 Tanner, kJ.U. \"Natural r a d i a t i o n e f f e c t s of v e r t e b r a t e animals i n h a b i t i n g the uranium areas of Southeastern Utah.\" Radioecology, 1963. pp. 325-326. 2 p. 1412 Dobson, R.L. \"Binucleates lymphocytes and l o w - l e v e l rad-i a t i o n exposure.\" Immediate and l o w - l e v e l r a d i a t i o n exposure, 1960. pp. 247-251. 5 p. 1413 Delarue, N.C., et a l . \" M u l t i p l e fluoroscopy of the chest: c a r c i n o g e n i c i t y f o r the female breast and i m p l i c a t i o n s f o r breast cancer screening programs.\" Canadian Medical A s s o c i a t i o n J o u r n a l , vo. 112, June 21, 1975, pp. 1405-1413. 7 p. 1414 Myrden, J.A. et a l . \"Breast cancer f o l l o w i n g m u l t i p l e f l u o r o s c o p i e s during a r t i f i c i a l pneumothorax treatment of pulmonary t u b e r c u l o s i s . \" Canadian Medical Associa- t i o n J o u r n a l , v o l . 100, June 14, 1969. pp. 1032-1034. 3 P. 1415 Cohen, B.H., et a l . \"The e p i d e m i o l o g i c a l study of mongolism i n Baltimore.\" Annals of the N.Y. Academy of Science, v o l . 171, 1970. pp. 320-327. 8 p. 1416 Lyon, J.L., et a l . \"Childhood leukemias a s s o c i a t e d with f a l l o u t from nuclear t e s t i n g . \" The New England Journal of Medicine, v o l . 300, no. 8, Feb. 22, 1979. pp. 398-402. 6 p. (Accessions L i s t s 1 and 4, Uranium Information Centre, 1979). APPENDIX 13 P u b l i c education by s i x major p a r t i c i p a n t s 190 Major p a r t i c i p a n t P u b l i c education a c t i v i t i e s EAAUM (White 1980, i n t e r v i e w ) EAAUM was given money f o r p u b l i c education i n the f i r s t round of funding; t h i s w i l l not happen i n the second round of funding. The EAAUM o f f i c e i t s e l f serves an educational f u n c t i o n . KNSG ( T e r r a l 1980 i n t e r v i e w ) I /YerralJ attend the t e c h n i c a l hearings. R i c h -ard Banner w r i t e s press releases and produces the KNSG Newsletter i n the i n t e r i o r (Nelson). Both of us r e c e i v e p a r t i c i p a n t funding. The Commission knows that the KNSG uses some funds f o r p u b l i c education. JCUTH (Smith 1980, i n t e r v i e w ) We d i d n ' t put down p u b l i c education when we ap-p l i e d f o r the second round of funding because we knew the Commission would ignore t h a t . We face a r e a l d i l e m n a — s h o u l d we intervene i n the Inquiry or educate the p u b l i c ? We decided to intervene but, i n so doing, we perform some p u b l i c education s i n c e we communicate what hap-pens at the t e c h n i c a l hearings back to the com- • munities. WCELA ( B o g g i l d 1980, i n t e r v i e w ) WCELA i s doing same p u b l i c education, f o r ex-ample, I've been on r a d i o and TV, and so has Kim Roberts. The a s s o c i a t i o n has a l s o done some workshops on nuclear i s s u e s . We haven't used p a r t i c i p a n t funds f o r p u b l i c education. BCCUCC (Boyce 1980a i n t e r v i e w ; \" The Trum-pet 1 November 1979). The United Church.hired Mr. Moelaert to educ-ate p r i m a r i l y members of the Church, but also i n t e r e s t e d members of the p u b l i c about the issues i n v o l v e d i n uranium e x p l o i t a t i o n . We didn ' t use p a r t i c i p a n t funds to h i r e him; indeed, the Commission probably wouldn't have given us money to have Mr. Moelaert touring around the province. The United Church produces a weekly half-hour t e l e v i s i o n s e r i e s c a l l e d \"Nuclear Crossroads.\" I t i s scheduled on Vancouver C a b l e v i s i o n (Cable 10) Mondays at 8:00 p.m. and repeated Sundays at 1:30 p.m. Western Cable-v i s i o n (Surrey, etc.) c a r r i e s the s e r i e s on Wed-nesdays at 6:30 p.m. and V i c t o r i a C a b l e v i s i o n plans to run the s e r i e s on i t s mid-band (E-18). In t h i s program, Mrs. Boyce (hostess) takes a look at the RCIUM hearings, i n t e r v i e w i n g a d i f f -erent a c t o r (Commissioner, major p a r t i c i p a n t , witness, etc.) each week. BCUIC (Rogers 1980a in t e r v i e w ) I t i s BCUIC's p o l i c y to use a l o t of money f o r p u b l i c education. We hold workshops, is s u e n e w s l e t t e r s , and so on, and use p a r t i c i p a n t funds f o r a l l t h i s . The Commission knows that t h i s i s how we use a l o t of our funds. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACA A t l i n Community A s s o c i a t i o n AECL Atomic Energy C o n t r o l L i m i t e d BCCUCC B r i t i s h Columbia Conference of the United Church of Canada BCMA B r i t i s h Columbia Medical A s s o c i a t i o n BCFLUSA B r i t i s h Columbia Federation of Labour and United Steelworkers of America BCMEMPR B r i t i s h Columbia M i n i s t r y of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CCNR Canadian C o a l i t i o n of Nuclear R e s p o n s i b i l i t y CCCBN C o a l i t i o n of Concerned C i t i z e n s of the B u l k l e y -Nechako CCU Confederation of Canadian Unions EAAUM Environmental A l l i a n c e Against Uranium Mining EMR Department of Energy, Mines and Resources JCUTH J o i n t Committee - Uranium T e c h n i c a l Hearings KNSG Kootenay Nuclear Study Group MABG Mining A s s o c i a t i o n of B r i t i s h Columbia MVP I Mackenzie V a l l e y P i p e l i n e Inquiry OECD Organi z a t i o n f o r Economic Cooperation and Development PCAB P e s t i c i d e s Control Appear Board PNG Power Nuclear Corporation of Japan PR P r e l i m i n a r y Rulings RCIUM Royal Commission of Inquiry i n t o Uranium Mining RSBC Royal S t a t u t e of B r i t i s h Columbia RSC Royal S t a t u t e of Canada sec Science C o u n c i l of Canada SPEC S c i e n t i f i c P o l l u t i o n and Environmental C o n t r o l S o c i e t y SFU Simon Eraser U n i v e r s i t y SKID Southeast Kelowna I r r i g a t i o n D i s t r i c t TAG Tec h n i c a l Advisory Group TP • T r a n s c r i p t s of Proceedings UBCIC Union of B r i t i s h Columbia Indian C h i e f s UBC U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia UID: Uranium Inquiry Digest UJCELA West Coast Environmental Law A s s o c i a t i o n U1COPI West Coast O i l Ports Inquiry YEA Yellowhead E c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n "@en ; edm:hasType "Thesis/Dissertation"@en ; edm:isShownAt "10.14288/1.0100257"@en ; dcterms:language "eng"@en ; ns0:degreeDiscipline "Planning"@en ; edm:provider "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en ; dcterms:publisher "University of British Columbia"@en ; dcterms:rights "For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use."@en ; ns0:scholarLevel "Graduate"@en ; dcterms:title "An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Uranium Mining"@en ; dcterms:type "Text"@en ; ns0:identifierURI "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/22039"@en .